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Sciences
Corporation
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jT 1
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Maps
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4
5
6
W'mW$fri
STATISTICS
,E
igiv
■ 'lif^mmAV'
|<mQ*?>?«K4ijji ■ :jJ;X-.:-«-J<t**''<3^>'
40
Ao
l»o
80
COI.O
^-
340
aSo
800
aao
'^^
"^ '^:CCi
MAP
COLONIAL POSSKSSIONS
o r
GREAT BEITAIN
1838
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>
^ >
>
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/
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^,
o
/>
II'- K."!' ■-
' Litdroue
* ' laluuda
o .
Xs^oumulI
Loamia
^
30
i
••■• i
I
K q u a T H r
s L ^ iN i" > ~ i.^Mjf-iilliA^*,^.
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-^"t^
1 »•
50
Hriti^h t'oltmu-jt ivtottn^ii ftttl ' ' 1
fn-nc/t rf'.' _ Jibir CTT _rl
Spanith </? ^ o'rwri 1 I
VorUipluve ti*? TeUou- I " 1
-Ve/htrlimi/t JP Jiupfr I 1
/>iini,t/t d? Bistre I _T
SucJM </f r,rn\illion I — T
I /
346
■fiBMa
130
MO
160 LonKi
W.ll. \n.il v CV 1 Inuimhnll SH: mSI>.
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\
/^
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>
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.'
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r
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f
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IiIhuiIii
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-' I
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280
800
SiO
300
a-jo
STATI STIC S
OF TIIIC
COLONIES OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE
IN TllK
WEST INDIES, SOUTH AMERICA,
NORTH AMERICA, ASIA, AUSTRAL-ASIA, AFRICA,
AND
EUROPE ;
COMPRISING THE
Area, Agriculture, Commerce, Manufactures, Shipping, Custom Duties, Populat'on, Education, Religion,
Crime, Government, Finances, Laws, Military Defence, Cultii-ated and Waste Lands, Emigration,
Rates of Wages, Prices of Provisions, Banks, Coins, Staple Products, Stock, Moveable
and Immoveable Property, Public Companies, Sfc.
or
EACH COLONY;
WITH THE
CHARTERS AND THE ENGRAVED SEALS.
FROM THE OFFICIAL RECORDS OF THE COLONIAL OFFICE.
BY
ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN, ESQ.
LONDON :
WM. H. ALLEN AND CO., LEADENHALL STREET.
MDCCCXXXIX.
u
3
1
3
Religion.
d
.2
s
<
.So
Locality.
Q
i
Q ,
a
"
i
Population, 1
NAME
•3"
s a
|s
i
1
c
d
1
3
0.
5S
Christians.
Mahommedans,
&C.
OP
POSSESSION.
■a .
2"
s4
o
Latitude
Longitude.
.a
S
Wl.ltc.
Coloured.
PL,
■3
1
3
S to
II
«r
<
Q
a
a
1
hi
l
^
1
3"
« w
S
s
ȣ
Ci
roibraltar
iroi
Conquered.
Peniii.
36 !)N. "
'
5 21 E.
23
n
fi
IS
1 1985
15
15000
10000
1400
11900
1683
14983
17
Nil.
Malta
1 KIX)
Con. & ced.
Insidar.
3r, S4
14 34
16
9
60
S-l
101)730
, ,
109730: 1155
2000
107000
600
109500
2001
3(11
.lozo
1800
1)0.
Do.
15 51
14 34
9
5
20
27
16531
l653t! 612
500
15800
200
16500
30
4>
Corfu
1814
no.
Do.
39 30
19 50
41
18
227
65107
, ,
65107 286
1000
59000
SOOO
65000
100
7
CJ
Ccphalonia
lang
Do.
Do.
38 27
20 32
32
18
1,50
348
63197
, ,
63197 182
500
62000
600
63100
90
7
§■■
Zantc
180!)
Do.
Do.
37 47
20 54
24
12
;n
1,56
353 IH
, ,
353481 226
300
34500
500 1
35300
40
8
3
Santa Maura
1810
Do.
Do.
38 40
20 46
23
9
flo
180
17175
. ,
17175 IJJ
100
16800
200
17101I
70
6
■Ji
Ithaca
1810
Do.
Do.
38 2.1
20 40
18
5
30
44
9(144
9644 219
50
9400
150
9600
40
4
Ccrigo
1810
Do.
Do.
36 ti
22 50
20
12
50
116
8707
8707
75
30
8500
100
8630
70
7
Paxo
1814
Do.
Do.
39 12
20 12
3
2
12
27
51164
5064
l"7
20
8000
30
5060
10
4
.Hellfe land
1807
Do.
Do.
54 11
7 51
1
Oi
3
1
2200
2200
2200
2000
100
100
2200
NiL
Nil.
I
Bengal
ifigfi
Do.
Contin.
21 to 26
ON.
82 to 91 E.
490
350
350
Lioono
250110
40000000
40025000 266
20000
15000
15000
55000
10000000
29970000
399
Agra
1803
Do.
Do.
23 to 32
75 to 82
630
490
soooo
.5000
32000000
3200500(1
40
3000
1000
1000
5000
12000000
2000000(1
320
Ultra nangetic Territory
1 825
Do.
Do.
9 to 27
go to 99
1250
620
•j'lO
.',(111110
500
1000000
1000500
20
200
200
100
500
100000
900000
10
Madras
ifisy
Do.
Do.
18 to 20
74 to 85
l(l5li
750
1540
1 (oodo
1011(10
1500000(1
15010000
107
5000
250000
10000
266OOO
3000000
1174500(1
147
'4"
Bombay
lliSl
Do
Do.
6 to 24
74 to 76
720
420
1 120
(.-,000
10000
8000000
H0 10000
123
4(.>00
6000
5000
15000
I5000U0
6495000
79
Ceylon
irflGMsi:,
Conquered.
Insular.
6 to 10
80 to 82
270
110
^011
•21660
9000
1250000
i25gooo
58
3000
56000
100000
159000
100000
100(1(100
11
Penang
ITHd
Ceded.
Do.
5 36
lOU
60
10
911
160
500
33000
33500
200
500
600
1500
2500
1000
30000
Wellcsley Province
1800
Do.
Contin.
140
20000
22000 1 157
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
Nil.
500
21500
Malacca
1 82:)
Do.
Do.
2 14
1(2
10
15
"15
800
162
33000
33162 41
162
5000
1000
6162
2000
25000
^Sincaporc
1819
Do.
Do.
1 15
K.t
, ,
, ,
330
2000
2000(1
22000 72
500
5U0
1000
2000
1000
19000
cd
'New South Wales (E. Australia)
ITH-
Colonized.
Do.
30 to 36
OS.
148 to 153
420
260
(iiio
.iOOOO
801100
6000
85000 li
45000
22000
13000
80000
NiL
5000
1
Van Diemen's I.aiid
180;i
Do.
Insular.
41 0to43
144 to 148
232
186
«5(i
S4(IO0
45000
Nil.
45000
2
25U00
lOOOU
10000
45U0O
Do.
Nil.
>
V
Swan River, or West Australia
18'J!)
Do.
Contin.
32 to 35
115 to 118
210
150
500
100000
2500
50000
52500
2
1000
600
1000
2500
Do.
50000
A
South Australia
Norfolk Ifland . .
18;|-i
Do.
Do.
24 to 37
132 to 141
850
450
950
31 0000
3000
100000
1030UO
3
1000
300
1700
3000
Do.
100000
1
^
17s-
Do,
Insulnr.
29
Ifia 10
15
a
130(1
Nil.
1300
600
5(10
600
300
1300
Do.
Nil.
^
X'apc of Good Hope
ISOO
Conq. A- col.
Contin.
29 to 34
13 to 27
.5.50
250
1200
200000
5000(1
100000
150000
1
50000
10000
40U00
100000
Do.
50000
Mauritius
1810
Conquered.
Insular.
U) to 20
57
44
31
110
076
15000
75000
gooflo
1314
2000
25000
8000
35000
1000
54000
Seycliclles
1810
Do.
Do.
4 to 5
55 35
. 17
5
so
500
7000
7500
93
10
2450
40
2500
Nil.
6000
St. Helena
Kiil
Occupied.
Do.
15 15
5 49W.
10
7
28
47
2200
2800
6000
106
2000
500
1000
3500
Do.
1500
Ascension
Do.
Do.
7 •>'
13 58
10
7
15
•
Sierra Leone
l"8/-
Coded S: col.
Contin,
8 30 \.
13 12
^,
lUO
35000
36100
88
2500
100
10000
12600
2500
20000
.i ,
The Gambia
l(i;Ui<;l81(i
Do.
Do.
13 30
16 42
60
5000
5050
100
50
2000
2150
900
2000
5
Cape Coast Castle
llilil
Do.
Do.
5 6
1 10
, ,
, ,
10
8000
8010
40
10
500
550
1460
6000
Accra
KiGl
Do.
Do.
5 30
50
, ,
, .
5
5000
5005
5
10
90
105
goo
4000
Dix Cove
J
2000
2001
1
Nil.
50
51
600
1450
Annamaboe
1 24 18" S
5 38 12" E.
\\
2
3000
3002
2
Nil.
20
22
500
2480
Fernando Po
1827
Colonized.
Insular.
3 45 36 N.
8 45
50
18
120
^,
,,
Aden (Red Sea mouth) ..
IBUS {
Purchased
l)ytheL.I.C.
}••
..
..
"Canada ; Lower)
1759
Conquered.
Contin.
45 to 52
64 to 80 W
640
483
420
200000
600000
5000
605000
3
100000
450000
60000
600000
Nil.
SOOO
a
Canada ;Uppcr>
175!)
Do. and col.
Do.
4 1 to 49
74 to 86
652
5U0
KlOOOfl
400000
10000
410000
3i
200000
100000
102000
402000
Do.
8000
ti
New Brunswick
l();iO
Do.
Do.
45 to 48
63 to 67
200
200
400
2/704
122400
1600
124000
4
54(10(
' 24000
45100
123400
Do.
600
Nova Kootia
1()23
Do.
Do.
43 to 46
61 to 67 (1
280
104
750
15617
147000
3000
150000
9
75000
i 25000
49500
149500
Do.
600
Cape Breton
175s
Do.
Insular.
15 to 47
.59 to 61
lit
89
220
3125
30000
300
30300
»i
15000
5300
10000
30300
Do.
Nil.
h
<
Prince Edward Island
176:1
Ceded & col.
Do.
16 to 47
62 to 65
122
56
320
2131
33000
100
33100
15
20000
5000
80.10
33000
Do.
100
?.
Newfoundland
1583
Colonized.
Do.
46 to 56
59
360
295
361100
75000
Nil.
75000
2
35000
26000
15000
75000
Do.
Nil.
>
.Hudson Bay Territory . .
ir>70
Do.
Contin.
Undefined.
Undefined.
370000
3000
lOOOOO
103000
Oi
2000
3000
1000
6000
Do.
97000
td
'Demcrnra "|
I80:i
Conquered.
Do. ~1
r70000
/ 2500
\ 650
45500
48000' 1 .
10000
lOUO
27000
38000
Do.
1000(1
_u
Esscquibo > British Guyana. •
1803
Do.
Do. }
4 to 8
ON.
57 Oto 61!
276
180
150
26500
27150
; *
2000
SOO
12000
14500
Do.
12660
e
Berbice J
1803
Do.
Do. J
! \30()00
560
24000
24560
1
1560
SUO
10000
12060
Do.
12500
Honduras
1650
Do. and col.
Do.^
!.: ;;i to H
30
89 to 88
62750
223
3571
3794
l-20th
500
194
1100
1794
Do.
2000
73
Falkland Islands{So>c;;-<,,„;,}
1765
Do.
Insular.
50 to 53
s.
57 to 62
/ flo
• l 80
60-1
60/
600
2400
25
Nil.
25
25
Nil.
Nil.
25
Do.
Nil.
!•
".lamaica
IfioS
Conquered.
Do.
17 to Id
\.
76 u to 7S
160
58
300
6400
.35000
326490
361490
S6j
36500
5490
120000
161490
20000
180000
2
The Caymans
1655
Do.
Do.
19 20
, ,
, ,
IflO
15U0
1600
100
100
400
600
Nil.
1000
Trinidad
17!>7
Do.
Do.
9 10
6061
80
65
220
2100
3632
35413
39045
"i6j
2000
5000
10000
17000
2045
20000
Tobago
I7fi;<
Do. and col.
Do.
11 16
60 30
30
12
80
187
306
12894
13200
703
500
1200
5500
7200
1000
5000
Grenada
1783
Do.
Do.
12 20
60 30
25
12
50
125
1000
20000
21000
167
1000
2000
7000
10000
1000
10000
Jfi
St. Vincent
1783
Dfi.
Do.
13 10
60 37
18
11
60
130
1200
25000
26200
200
1200
1000
10000
12200
j 2000
I200P
a
Barbadoes
1625
Colonized.
Do.
13 S
59 41
22
14
65
166
15000
85000
1 00000
600
20000
2000
2500(1
47(100
5000
48000
06
St. Lucia
1803
Conquered.
Do.
13 50
60 58
35
15
80
68
1000
14000
15000
264^
500
8000
1500
10000
500
4500
Ji
Diimiuica
1783
Do.il ceded.
Do.
15 25
61 15
29
10
80
275
720
17940
I866O
1)7
300
5000
1360
666U
1000
11000
S "
St. Kitts
1623
Do.do.Jtcol.
Do.
17 18
62 40
20
8
72
68
1612
21521
23133
340i
1800
1200
5000
8000
2133
13000
'^
Montserrat
1 ()32
Do.
Do.
16 17
62 13
12
7
34
47
300
6700
7000
150
1000
600
2500
4000
SOO
2600
.:;
Antiffiia
Hi:12
Do.
Do.
17 3
62 7
16
16
54
108
2000
33000
35000
325
5000
100
20000
25100
1400
8500
ji
Barbuda
1632
Do.
Do.
17 38
61 52
20
12
70
10
50
1450
1600
100
i 50
550
700
100
700
o
Nevis
162s
Do.
Do.
17 14
63 3
6
4
24
20
SOO
9500
10000
500
1000
100
1900
3000
1000
6000
-^
Angnilla
1650
Colonized.
Do.
IS
6»
ao
3
SO
200
1800
2000
100
so
550
700
300
1000
Tortola and tlic Virgin Isles . .
l66fl
Do.
Do.
18 28
6t 50
n
50
730
7000
7730
300
30
1000
1330
400
6000
New Providence and .. . . -i
'I'lie Bahamas . . . . /
1628
Do.
Do.
21 to 27
7 1 to 7(1
r 21
Uido
7
100
2000
6000
8000
80
1000
100
30(10
4100
400
3500
2750
2000
10000
12000
4
1000
50
2000
3050
! 350
8600
St.fiicrge and the Bermud ; ..
Ifill
Do.
Do.
32 20
64 50
i(i
2
••
20
4000
4500
8500
400
2500
100
4100
7000
100
1400
Grand Total , .
■•
••
2110708
2095229
98613094
10070832''
Aver-
age 50
764405
1406884
784023
29.55312
26752156
70998056
977
STATISTICAL CHART OF THE COLONIES OF THE BRITISH
Religio
D.
« ^ 1 1 1 d. tf^A. . ^1
Finances.
«»__—,
. e>\ «_
1
Military Strength. |
1
a
Money vircuiamig'. |
Marlt me commerce (vaiuc in .*, . stcrnng.) |
Shipping (Tons.)
1
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Mahommedans,
&C.
1
1
1
m
u
Hindoos,
Pagans, &c.
Defrayed by
i
3
With Great llritain and
With 1
S
a
a 10
B
1
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a
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Great Britain.
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a
1
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1
I
1
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United Kiiigd(|
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Civil.
Military
Exports
to.
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it.
1
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£.
£.
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14983
17
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17
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3500]
32000
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147000
42
8 i
Unkwn.
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1000000
1500000
2500000
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ma ted.
218452
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216000
27837
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30
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170000
380000
680000
1060000
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200000
16003
10
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100
7
107
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1
600
6:1100
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97
367 Do.
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367!
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35300
40
8
48
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304
1
200
17100
70
5
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125
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83000
267000
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430000
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22600
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77
67
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67
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4
14
23
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23
100
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160
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29970000
39970000
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12000000'
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2500000 8000000 1
2000000
1300000 3500000
130000
130000
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100
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6
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20000001
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300000
23000
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100000
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157324
87400
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400000; 7(1000(1 200000
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72000
78000
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1000
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6162
1000
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2000
30000
21500
25000
31000
22000
27000
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200
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220
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5000
5000
1900
100
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2000
330000
138000
100000
473000
77
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445000
99500
544600
749000
1 23 75 00 1
1(186500
514000
7940110
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nil
10000
45000
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750
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760
120000
144000
283000
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4
130000
54000
184000
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233000
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86
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100000
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25
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300
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50
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60
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40000
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130000
280000
20
150000
200000
350000
400000
900000
1300000
135000
130000
42000
321
8000
40
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54000
5000
55000
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100
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2100
237000
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55000
230000
52
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r 800000
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191
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3500
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1500
500
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500
1000
8000
10000
56000
74000
32
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RE
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None.
R
40000
N
40000
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Do.
12500
12500
236084
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1:17400
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12600
2500
20000
22500
20
300
400
720
20OOO
5000
30000
61000
15
1
2S000
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26000
72000
100000
172000
70000
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160000
18000
20000
15000
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2000
2150
900
2000
2900
10
200
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610
8000
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17000
19
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^
500
550
1460
6000
7460
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E
T
U
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90
105
900
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20
22
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2480
2980
2
30
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32
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••
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50000
102000
600000
402000
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6000
8000
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8000
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100000
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103000
52000
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21000
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31000
134000
16
1
150000
350000
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653000
1249000
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431000
735000 1 166000
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935000
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2180000
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333
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30300
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6200
6200
20000
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8000
28000
19
1
20000
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1
53000
56000
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111
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100
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13000
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47000
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7(100 22000
21000
18000
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311
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36000
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13000
49000
9
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850000
633000
1483000
316000
3(110001 620000
99000
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26500
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97000
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no returns
.
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38000
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38000
103
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493000
340000
833001
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161490
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14700
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180" 10
680000
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7
100000
350000
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3273000
593000
3866001
26B200O
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1 12000
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705001
298001
23:1000
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41000
43000
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7200
1000
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12300
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17000
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3620011 i8;ioo(
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153000
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15500
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1
1
1900
3000
1000
6000
700(]
50
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63000
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76000
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8500
8700
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551
700
300
1000
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Nil.
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Do.
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1000
1330
400
6000
640C
50
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6O0
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4100
3050
400
350
3500
8600
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167000
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600
16000
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1
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THE BRITISH EMPIRE, BY MONTGOMERY MARTIN, ESQ.
arsooo 27000U
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75000
72000
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in the Colony
from
1814 to 1837.
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u en
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4460001 Nil.
416000
545000
300000
600000
150000
142000
81
No
214
2
35
25
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370000
12S000 1
110000 y 130
6000
94000 265000
37000 1 170000
137400! 256084
31000! 38000
736000
684000
707000
109000
42000
194000
176000
46000
58000
No
} 80
Nil.
No
128
^No
955
1644
1904
562
760
692
102
23
Laud in Acres.
Nil.
12842
Returns
77817!
135
14280
9215
Re
SI64
Returns
5780
Nil.
Returns
6350
Returns
50
43910
12814
3026IN
333K6j
45971
12426!
1725;
12555!
Unkwn.
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r 3
(1 a
I
NO
I676II6
turns.
100000
goooo
2000
ISO
50836
1358
30896
li'0786
53869
97436
3137
61185
5200
kn
2818084
200
91746
14172
333544
223172
9!)840;
109862!
4S62|
74240
5200
own.
4494100
Number of Stock.
rt to
5S
X
5000001 600000
2569000 2659000;
1500000 1502000I
1000(10 5000000 5100000
7000U 2U0O0O 270000 !
)■ NO
181054 /
381267-1
159962
30 195
92222
44230
2000000
1500000
100000
4000000! 6000000
4500000' 6000000
23/2200
231000
£
84000
24501)
35500
49500
126500
26000
12500
30500
10000
S6OOO
17200
7900
112000
7S14S85
164
T
42
8
91
64
92
4
65
179
29
147
39
4717
1015
7350
XI
1286
220
2488
1342
3637
1628
1443
3234
827
3407
■ NO
400000
SOOOOO!
2200000 1800000 4000000
R N : S.
7 y NO
8816]
130 1126
330 12192
217 I7396J
897S
1022937
Un
3339
1493
4106
2220
3330
2462
765
1010
296
T
1144
20000
8250
300 !
150
65000 1
25001
20
120
1 50000
47500
6000
T
kn
5457
621
2350
1378
1220
2141
120
3140
16
6
S99142
SOOOOO
745000
luoo
2U00
250000
25000
1000
600
600 i
1500!
•a
SO
ow
13322
-894
38131
41630
21231
32078
10688
19810
1107
154
98451
1000000
909000
10000
20000
2000000
2000
5000
1500
R
500000 800000
197000
60000
u
2240
50000
R
No Re
2300
Property, 'Value
in jH.
a o
is
n.
3845
405
r
3
f «
o
NS.-i
No Ret.
{R^e?.}
1000
500
No Ret
12000
3000
NS.
400000
22000
NS.
turns.
No Ret.
NS.
3500
6000
O J
3 '
rt-o i
Si '
Education.
4000,
76000
1000000
50000
1000000
600000
400000
200000
150000
100000
50000
25000
130000000
100000(1110
1500000
50000000
25000000
1500000
100000
50000
100000
250000
2500000
1000000
80000
20000
6000
3000000
2000000
60000
500000
100000
25000
10000
17000000
13000000
3500000
5000000
1000000
1209000
3000000
150000
2500000
500000
1000000
1000000
8600000
1350000
500000
1000000
1200000
2500000
300000
250000
400000
100000
1000000
20000
isoooo
25000
60000
600000
2500000
6000000
300000
5000000
1500000
2000000
800000
350000
5UUOO0
150000
100000
looooonooo:
6O0000000
20000000
2501100000
200000000
50000000
2500U00
500000
20110000
30(100(10
2(J(IO000O
5000000
500(100
100000
50(J00
25000000
10000000
oOOOOO
uJ2
;i; o
XI o
an
^ en
5000000 1
2000000:
500000
200000
80000000
40000000!
26000000]
30000000
6000000
3SOO00O
10(iO0O0O|
1000000
15000000
3000000
6000000
5000000
45000000
6500000
2O0U000;
5000000;
6000000 ]
15000000
1200000
1500000;
2000000
1000000
,6000000
150000
1000000
15000(1
600000
3000000
400000 6000000
No. of Scholars.
No
No
47
29
2
No
Nil.
30
5
No
9
Nil.
38!
1000
400
50
450
45
74
30
No
Nil.
30
No
18
4
9
7
29
3
6
40
10
40
No
8
No
2
33
25
accur ate Re
accur ate Re
1911
667
42
Re
Nil.
900
430
Re
224
Nil.
3915
1480
610
23
tu
Nil.
659
100
tu
177
Nil.
2898
9
■o
H
a
a
a
K
H
210001
15U00
6800 i
1460
Re
47
Nil.
lie
222
201
668
687
72
129
1700
334!
900'
Kc
361
Re
60
520
387965000 J2443 150000 2629 6I995
20000
10000
5200
840
tu
79
NU.
til
243
146
35
"'520
8i
108
130(1
425
986
tu
353
tu
40
380
41000
25000
12000
16000
1000
2300
3000
r
126
Nil
3700
r
46.
347;
823'
FORM
LOCAL GOVERNMENT.
A Military (iovcrnor .
(iovernor nnd CokiicU
\ (.ovcrnnror Lord Hifcli Coinmls-
i-iiinor ; a .Senate ami Reiircsciita-
live Assembly ; a Kugcnt in each
Island.
Governor nnd Cntiiicil
X (invernor-Gincral and Supreme
Council.
Governor and Council . .
Ditto ditto
Ditto ditto
Ditto
ditto
20000
10000
10000
10000|
700I
tiooj
16001
ns.
(iovcrnor ; Lcgis, and Exec. Council
Ditto
Governor and Council
Ditto
Military Commandant
Governor ; Lcfis. and Exec. Council
Ditto ditto
Ucsident
Governor and Council
Contniandant
Governor; Kxec.and Legis. Council
Lieutenant-Governor
Ditto
Commandant
Ditto.
o
■a
to
5000
n
420
Nil.
10000.
n i
2
2
NU.
^!}
4761.'!
161I
i
1207I
1500
80{
1
237
, ,
1
30001
650
I
759
260
1
I88.1:
3
r
na.
714
1,
r
ns.
100
50
1'
900 1
200
a
758!
400
a
109610 119(J07
169!
1
Governor, Legislative Assembly, and
Council, Executive & Lefislutive.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Governor
Governor and Court of Policy . .
Governor and Masibtrates ..
Naval Officer coinmandiii);
Governor, Council, and Itcprcscnta.
tive Assembly.
Lieutenant-Governor and Council ..
Do. <lo. & Represent. Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
Governor ; ditto
Lieutenant-Governor and Council ..
Do. do. & Keptcsent. Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
Governor ; ditto
Private Property
Lieut.. (Jovernor, Council & Assembly
Magistracy
Lieut.-tioveinor, Council & Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
50(1
} 25000
1000(1
lOOOII
800(1
5000
2500
KJOO
800
6000
7000
800
1000
2000
1000
\ 630 ■
} 8000 ^
3000
3500.
1000
3000
3000-
1500
} 4500
3600
1300
1300
1300
4000
1500
1300
13.50
200
3000
800
800
1200
2H00
161100
FORM
OCAL GOVERNMENT.
Military Governor .
Dvernor and Council
(ii)vcrnor or Lord Hip;h Commis-
sioner i a Senate and Representa-
tive Assemlily j a Kcgent in each
Island.
jvernor and Council
(iovernor-General and Supreme
Council.
jveriior and Council .
Ditto ditto ..
Ditto ditto
Ditto
ditto
ivernor; Legis. and Exec. Council
Ditto
ivernor and Council
Ditto
ilitary Commnndant
Miriior; Legis.and Exec. Council
Ditto ditto
'sident
ivirnor and Council
innnundant
>virnor; Exec, and Lc^'is. Council
eutcnant. Governor ..
Ditto
nninandant
Ditto.
OS
o
■3
SdUll
SOOO
}
\2bmoi
1(101)0
1001)0
80U0
CHIEF CITY
TOWN.
Locality of Chief Town.
Latitude.
)vernor, Lepisiative Assembly, and 1
Council, Executive & Legislative. /
Ditto
Ditto
AdOO
iJOO
lUOII
80U
6000
7000
800
lUOO
2000
1000
} 050 {
Gibraltar ..
Valetta .. ..
I Kuhatto . .
riCorfu . . . .
[ArBostoli ..
IZante .. ..
jAmaxichi ..
'Vallii .. ..
Kapsnli
I'ort (Jiii
HeliB(dand
iCulcutta. .
lAera .. ..
Arracau..
[Madras
Hombay. . ..
Coh)nibo ..
George Town
.Malacca . .
.sincapore .. |
Sydney .. .. |
lliibartTowii j
Perth I
Adelaide . . |
I'enalSettlementj
Cape Town . . I
I'ort Louis . . I
.Mahe |
James Town
I
Krce Town ..I
liatlmrst
Cape ct. Castle. .
Accra ,, ,,
36 (ION
3.5 b'J 4 1
lil! I
:iy .10
•M 10
37 47
38 50
38 2'i
3ft i)
3y U
Ditto ,
Ditto
ivernor ,
ivernor and Court of Policy . .
ivernor and Magistrates ..
al Ofticcr coniniandin)!:
ivernor. Council, and Kepresenta-
ive Assembly.
utenantCiovernor and Council ..
Do. do. Si Represent. Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
iv( rnor ; ditto
utunant-Governnr and Council ..
Do. do. & Represent. Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
ivernor ; ditto
ivate I'roperty
Liit..(;overnor, Council & Assembly
igistracy
ut.-tioveruor, Council & Assembly
Ditto
Ditto
8000 {
3000
:i:.oo /
10011
3000
3000 •!
isoo
} 4500
3500
1 300
1300
1300
4000
1500
13110
13.50
!iOO
3000
800
800
1200
2H00
151100
Quebec . . . .
Toronto..
Kredericlitou . .
Halllax ..
Sydney .. ..
C'barlotte Town
St. Johns . .
Fort York . .
(ieorgc Town ..
KsKequibo . .
Amsterdam
Uelize . . . .
Port Egmont . .
Spanish Town
Port of Spain . .
Scarborough
St. George's ..
King's Town
Bridge 'I'own . .
Castries . .
Roseau . . . .
Hassetcrre . .
Plymouth.. ..
St. John's . .
Charleston . .
Angnilla ..
I'ortola .. .,
Nassau . . . ,
St. George's. .
.54 10 46
2) 2
27 11
20 3U
13 5
18 56
6 57
Longitude.
r> 21 E.
14 31 30
14 15
ig 50
20 29 30
20 53
211 42
20 42
23
20 13
7 53
88 22
7- 53
yi 5
80 20
72 57
80
100 1<J
On Coast or River.
2 14
1 15
33 51 40 S.
42 .53 12
31 53 20
34 58
2y I 45
33 50 3
20 y 45
4 37 30
1.5 53
8 29 55 N,
13 28
5 3 30
5 30
102 12
1104
]l.51
147
113 49
13 ,5S
in 4(i
n 10
18 25 57
57 28 40
23
12 -tljVf,
139
168
55
13 19
lO 35 18
1 6
46 48
43 33
43 .57
44 40
40 18
40 12
47 35
67 3
5 49
6 14
17 12
70 72
1 79 20
i 66 45
I 63 40
60 3
] 63 5
' .52 48
92 20
.5H 11
i 57 22
i 87 28
SI 21 30 S.I 60 4
18
N.
6
13
54
U
n
10 38
11 20
12 2
13 lU
13 5
14
15 18 23
17 17
16 45 U
17 4
17 7
18 12 U
18 27
25 4 33
32 22
76 55
61 30 28
60 27 6
61 48 30
61 22
59 36 24
61 5
61 25
62 44
62 16
61 54
62 37
63 10
61 39
77 22
64 30
Gibraltar Hay ..
Cliannel of Malta
Do ,
Ionian Sea ..
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
Do
German Ocean
River Hooghly ..
Ilivor Jumna .. .
Day of Itengal ..
Do
Indian Ocean
Do
Straits of Malacca
Straits of Malacca
Do
Port Jackson
Dcrwcnt Hay
Swan tiiver ..
ulf St. Vincent
Pacific Ocean
I'lible bay
Indian Ocean
Do
Atlantic Ocean
Do
Do
Ganiliia River .
Atlantic Ocean
Do.
Do.
Do.
Uo.
Do.
St. Lawrence River
Ontario Lake .
St. John's River..
Atlantic Ocean
Do
Gulf of St. Lawrence
Atlantic Ocean
Hudson's liny ..
De.nerara River
Essequibo River. .
Hcrbice River . .
Belize River
South Pacific . . . .
Cobre River . . . .
(iulf of I'aria .. ..
In the Caribbean
Sea.
Gulf of I'lorida
Atlantic Ocean
Population of Chief
Town.
t
14985
27000
50001
200011 j
5000 1
lOOOOJ
6000 !
abM)',
50110'
lonoj
2000j
lOOOOl
500{
50I
2000|
30IIIII
3600
3011
10
200
200
211000
1 60011
600
500
1000
10000
3000
5011
3U00
100
30
Nil.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
lUOOOIIO
I OOOUO
I OOllll
500000
230000
23OOOO
13000
loon
6000
2UU0
Nil.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
10000
3200
5500
2000
10000
3000
301100
13000
2800
20000
2000
2U000!
I
1600'
250
220
NIL
1000
laoo
330
Nil.
Do.
200
1000
30
Nil.
5000
1500
2300
Nil.
5000
yooo
3650
STAPLE
PRODUCE.
130000
27000'
51100!
2O1IO0!
31IIIOI
loiioo!
tiOOO
3.500
5000;
1000'
2OIIO1
1 00 1000 1
lOOSOOj
10030'
502000:
253000!
2300001
133110;
1010
fiiooj
22001
20000!
16000.
ooo;
50U!
1000;
20000
35000
6000
4000
10100
3030
Vegetables . .
} Various manufactures
DESCRIPTION OF COLONY.
30000
15000.
3ouu!
21000I
2020!
20000 I
I
60OO;
i
1750
2320^
Nil.
6000:
IU8O0I
40U0i
Olive oil, wine, currants, fruits,
>. corn, cotton, flax, salt, soap,
and various manufactures.
I'ish
Sugar, coffee, tea, silk, cotton,
w{)ol, timlier, coal, iron, gold,
diamonds, tiiliacco, opium, in-
digo, drugs, uyes, J<cc.
Cinnamon, pearls, coffee, sugar
Sugar, opium, nutmegs ..
Tin, dyes, iiums
Ditto ditto
Sago, dyes, &c.
Wool, timlier, oil, skins, bark,
gum, live stock, coal, &c.
Pine timber, live stock . .
Wine, oil, wool, hides, &c. . .
Sugar, coffee, spices, ^c.
Oil, spices, ,S;c
Live stock, !<ic
Turtle and water
Ivory, gum, gold, timber, hides,
coffee, spices, drugs, dyes,
cotton, rice, &c.
Timber, grain, iS;c.
Ditto ditto ..
Ditto and fish \
Ditto ditto and coal .. !
Ditto ditto ditto and gypsumi
Grain and fish .. ,.'•
Fish and skins :
Skins, furs, fish, &c.
A fortress and colonial entrepot.
Ditto ditto, and commercial.
^ Ditto as above, and al.so commercial ; of great
political value in relation to the Mcditerra-
^ nean and K. of Europe.
Pilot and fishing station, &c.
f Of territorial, commercial, maritime and poli-
tical value, affording an immense field for
trade, and adding ,£ 20,0110,000 per annum to
the revenue of the empire, and enabling us
to maintain the balance of jiuwer in Europe.
"Territorial, commercial, and maritime.
I Commercial stations, territorial advantages.
General entrepots.
{A vast territory of commercial value and mari-
time importance. As a penal settlement, has
reclaimed many convicts.
Penal settlement of New South Wales.
\ Maritime, commercial, territorial, and political.
\ Maritime and political.
Maritime.
] Commercial and territorial value. If cncou-
f raged, an immense trade ma/ be carried on,
n
I Territorial, political, maritime, and commercial
value, employing a great quantity of ship-
ping, and a resource for a surplus population,
who are thus retained within the boundaries
of the empire, and contribute to the strength,
instead of weakening the parent state.
ij
timber, spices,
400
2000
2400
250
2000
2230
1000
7000
8000'
100
500
600!
lOOU
4000
5000,
aoe
1000
1200
1
301
1700
20U0
loot
6000
6000
600
800
1400
\i,:i9ii
2203365
24/6330 1
1
.Sugar, coffee,
drugs, \e.
Mahogany, itc.
Fish and skins ,
Sugar, cofiee, cotton, rice, rum, j
cocoa, indigo, molasses, pep- {
pers, arrow ro<it, ginger, '
hweets, drugs, dye stuffs,
canes, malting, hard woods,
fruits, oils, tobacco, cinna-
niun, cassia, tortoise-shell,
horns, hides, salt, live stock,
vegetables, fic.
Coffee, sugar, &c. ..
Ditto, salt, «fc
Arrow-rt, wood, provisions, jtic.
The commeroial worth and territorial impor-
tance of Guiana is very great. A large extent
of country remains to be occupied.
An important maritime station .
All the West India islands have been of incal-
culable utility to England when struggling
lor the mastery of the world. Their con-
sumption of British manufactures has been
immense, and they have at oil times furiiislieil
a supply of taxable commodities beyond the
eontronl of an enemy, p.nd indispensable to
the maintenance of our financial system. As
South Anu'rica becomes civili/cd, the West
Indies will become extensive entrepots for
the sale of English produce. There is abun-
dant scope for the employment of the uow
dormant capital of the mother country.
lation of Cliief
Town.
15
Nil.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
no.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
luuuuui)
lUUUUO
lunoo
50000U
2oU0(lU
aaOouu
KIUIIII
lUIKI
Ouflo
2000
\il.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
10000
3200
5500
2000
1 0000
3000
Nil.
Do.
200
1000
30
Nil,
5000
1500
2300
Nil.
5000
9000
3650
2000
2000
7000
500
400U{
I
1000
irool
5000
8001
O
150000
27000
5000
20000
5000
10(100
6000
a.'ioo
5000
1000
2000
100 1000
100500
10050
502000
253000
236000
13300
1010
6200
2200
20000
16000
600
500
1000
20000
35000
6000
4000
10100
3030
STAPLE
PRODUCE.
Vegetables . .
} Various manufactures
Olive oil, wine, currants, fruits,
► corn, cotton, flax, salt, soap,
and various manufactures.
30000
15000
300U
21000
2020
200001
6600!
1750 1
2520:
Nil. I
6000
10800
4000
2400
2250
SOOO
600
5000
1200;
2000
6000
1400
22033851 24/6330
KisU
Sut,'ar, coffee, tea, sillc, cotton,
wool, timber, coal, iron, gold,
diamonds, toltacco, opium, in-
digo, drugs, dyes, &e.
Cinnamon, pearls, coflfee, sugar
Sugar, opium, nutmegs ..
Till, dyes, irums
Ditto ditto
Sago, dyes, &c.
[Wool, timber, oil, skins, bark,
r gum, live stock, coal, &c.
Pine timber, live stock ..
AVini>, oil, wool, hides, Sec. ..
Sugar, coffee, spices, &c.
Oil, spices, Kc. . .
Live stock, (te
Turtle and water
Ivory, gum, gold, timber, hides,
y coffee, spices, drugs, dyes,
I cotton, rice, &c.
Timber, grain, &c.
Ditto ditto
Ditto and fish
Ditto ditto and coal
Ditto ditto ditto and gypsum
Grain and fish
Fisli and skins ..
Skins, furs, fish, &c
1 Sugar, coffee, timber, spices,
j drugs, &c.
Mahogany, &c
Fish and skins
Sugar, coffee, cotton, rice, rum,
cocoa, indigo, molasses, pep-
pers, arrow root, ginger,
sweets, drugs, dye stuffs,
► canes, matting, hard woods,
fruits, oils, tobacco, cinna-
mon, cassia, tortoise-shell,
horns, hides, salt, live stock,
vegetables, SiC.
Coffee, sugar, &c
Ditto, salt, &c
Arrow-rt., wood, provisions, S;c.
DESCRIPTION OF COLONY.
A fortress and colonial entrepot.
Ditto ditto, and commercial.
'Ditto as above, and also commercial j of great
political value in relation to the Mediterra-
. ncan and E. of Europe.
Pilot and fishing station, &e.
"Of territorial, commercial, maritime and poli-
tical value, affording an immense field for
trade, and adding .420,000,000 per annum to
the revenue of the empire, and enabling us
to maintain the balance of power in Europe,
Territorial, commercial, and maritime.
I Commercial stations, territorial advantages.
General entrepots,
("A vast territory of commercial value and mari-
< time importance. As a penal settlement, has
I. reclaimed many convicts.
Penal settlement of New South Wales.
I Maritime, commercial, territorial, and political.
I Maritime and political.
Maritime.
1 Commercial and territorial value. If encou-
r raged, an immense trade may be carried on.
J
Territorial, political, maritime, and commercial
value, employing a great quantity of ship-
ping, and a resource for a surplus population,
who are thus retained within the boundaries
of the empire, and contribute to the strength,
instead of weakening the parent state.
The commercial worth and territorial impor-
tance of Guiana is very great. A large extent
of country remains to be occupied.
An important maritime station.
All the West India islands have been of incal-
culable utility to England when struggling
for the mastery of tlie world. Tiieir con-
sumption of British manufactures has been
immense, and they have at all times furnislieil
a supply of taxable commodities beyond the
controul of an enemy, and indispensable to
the maintenance of our financial system. As
Soutli America becomes civilized, the West
Indies will become extensive entrepots for
the sale of English produce. There is abun-
dant scope for the employment of the now
dormant capital of tlie mother country.
REPORT.
The Colonial Office, in Downing Street, has received annually for a series of years a
" Blue Book " in manuscript from each Colony, containing a variety of commercial,
financial, ecclesiastical, and general information for the use of Government. The " Blue
Books" were Qommenced about the year 1828. Three blank books, with ruled columns
and printed headings, are sent to each Colony every year ; the blank columns are filled in
by returns from the different departments, under the authority of the Colonial Secretary
in each settlement ; these returns are then sent in duplicate to Downing Street, and one
of the three copies is retained in the Colony for the use of the Governor. In 1836-7, a
Committee of the House of Commons, then sitting to inquire into the financial condition
of the Colonies, examined witnesses with reference to the feasibility and expense of
reducing these " Blue Books" into a form adapted for pubUcation. In consequence
perhaps of the time and expenditure, which the arrangement and publication of a vast
mass of documents would occasion (about £10,000), nothing was done by Government;
and, in pursuance of an object which has occupied a third of my life at home and abroad
(namely, to make the condition of the Colonies of the Empire fully known to, and their
importance appreciated by, the British public), I solicited permission from the Secretary of
State to prepare, with my own assistants, and at my own expense, such a work as the
Committee of the House of Commons was desirous of possessing. His Lordship's reply
to my application was as follows :— ,,
From. Sir George Grey, M.P., Under- Secretary of State for the Colonies.
' " Colonial Office, Downing Street.
"Sir. 7th February, 1838.
" I am directed by Lord Glenelg to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2nd
instant, and to acquaint you in reply that his Lordship has much pleasure in complying
with your request for access to the information in this office, comprised in the " Blue
Books" annually transmitted from the respective Colonies. Mr. Meyer, the librarian, has
received his Lordship's directions to submit them to your inspection, on your application to
him for that purpose. Lord Glenelg will also be happy to afford you access to any other
statistical information in this office respecting the Colonies.
" I am. Sir, your most obedient servant,
" To Robert Montgomery Martin, Esq., &c. &c." " George Grey.
An office was assigned for my use in Downing Street, and, by the courtesy of Mr.
Meyer, I was supplied with upwards of two hundred and fifty volumes of " Blue Books,"
and with various documents of a public nature. The materials which these books contained
were carefully examined, and the facts which I deemed it useful to publish were collated
and arranged in a tabular form, together with an immense mass of facts collected from every
public department, and from every quarter deemed authentic, so as to present consecutive
views of the progress or decline of each Colony in population, education, religion, crime,
commerce, shipping, staple products, finances, and in every thing which can portray the
physical, moral, and intellectual condition of so large a part of the British Empire.
At the East India House also an apartment was assigned me, and the commercial returns
from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay for forty years, were, by the urbanity of Mr. Peacock,
placed before me. Mr. Melville, Secretary to the East India Company ; Mr. Irving,
Inspector-General at the Custom House ; Mr. Woodhouse, of the Plantation Office ; Mr.
Covey, Registrar- General of Shi{)ping ; Mr. Brown, Registrar- General of Merchant Sea-
men ; Mr. Porter, of the Board of Trade ; and the Courts of Directors and Secretaries of
IV
the different public Companies connected wii our transmarine possessions, all granted me
their invaluable aid towards the preparation of this work.
The Colonies arc arranged geographically, and divided into Books, thus : —
Book I. — Possessions in the Wkst Indies. — Jamaica, Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada,
St. Vincent, Barbadoes, Antigua, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. Christopher, Montserrat, Nevis,
Tortola and the Virgin Isles, New Providence, and the Bahamas, the Bermudas, &c.
Book II. — Possessions in South America. — Demerara, Essequibo, Berbice, Honduras,
and the Falkland Islands.
Book III. — Possessions in North America. — Canada (Upper and Lower), New
Bninswick, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, Prince Edward Isle, Newfoundland, Labrador,
and the Hudson Bay Territories.
Book IV. — Possessions in Asia. — Bengal, Madras, Bombay, Ceylon, Penang, Malacca,
and Sincapore.
Book V. — Possessions in Austral-Asia. — New South Wales, Van Diemen's Island,
Swan River, and Southern Australia, &c.
Book VI. — Possessions in Africa. — Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius and Seychelles,
St. Helena, Ascension, Sierra Leone, the Gambia, Accra, Cape Coast Castle, &c.
Book VII. — Possessions in Europe. — Gibraltar, Malta and Gozo, Corfu, Cephalonia,
Santa Maura, Ithaca, Zante, Paxo, Cerigo, and Heligoland.
Each Colony forms a separate chapter, which is again subdivided into numbered sections,
according to a system which will shew at a glance imder each head of Population, Com-
merce, Finances, &c. all the information which could be obtained relative to these subjects.
In the Appendix a similar plan has been adopted, the documents belonging to each Book
being classified according to their respective geographical arrangement.
In the West India Appendix will be found the general trade of the West Indies in the
aggregate, and of each island for a series of years as regards the exports to England, and
the duties levied there on sugar, coffee, mm, &c. Full details of the recent reports relative
to education among the emancipated negroes, of sickness in the West Indies, of the prices
of tropical produce, &c., will also be found in this Appendix. The Appendix to the book
on North America contains several important statements relative to the lands granted
in Canada, aggregate statements of the trade of the Northern Colonies, the value of
Spanish dollars, &c. The Asiatic Appendix supplies a great variety of information, some
of which was obtained at the East India House after the text was printed. The documents
respecting the British feudatory, stipendiary, and dependent chiefs — the classified population
of different districts — the rates of pay and regulations of the army — the commerce, coins,
weights and measures, &c. of the Anglo-Eastern Empire, are all of the highest value.
There will be found in the Austral-Asian Appendix copious details relative to population,
crime, the treatment of convicts, secondary punishments, &c., in addition to the abundant
facts given in Book V. The judicial, mercantile, and banking charters are given in the
Appendix of the book to which the Colonies belong possessing such charters. Thus the
Colonial Bank charter is in the West India Appendix, the British Guyana Bank charter
under South America, the Hudson Biy charter under North Amf i ua the East India Com-
pany charter under Asia, and the Ionian Islands charter under the Europe Appendix. An
Emigration Appendix, with a variety of data as to emigrants, rates of wages, regulations,
bic , has been added, and at the conclusion is given a General Appendix of several docu-
ments relating to shipping, finances, &c. not applying specifically to any one Colony.
In order to render the work more complete for reference, a brief view of the manner in
■which each Colony has been acquired by Great Britain, and of its chief physical features.
has
each I
octa^l
char
by till
Book]
coluni
in plij
A
been
ThI
MintJ
'^ alone
■ L
( Canacj
for thl
r. I
assist'J
indusn
knowll
Individ
to mei
% momen
may d|
Wit
may 1:
Books
credit
origini
succet
greate
Colon
Thisc
Colon
chief
Th.
requir
possil
exclui
totals
As
all CO
Intro
and (
Tl:
the I
whic
impr
granted mc
o, Grenada,
■rrat, Nevis,
!, &c.
, Honduras,
)wer). New
I Labrador,
ig, Malacca,
en's Island,
Seychelles,
c.
Ceplialonia,
ed sections,
tion, Com-
se subjects,
each Book
dies in the
|gland, and
ts relative
the prices
the book
[s granted
value of
on, some
ocuments
population
Ice, coins,
est value.
|)pulation,
ibundant
|n in the
lus the
charter
iia Com'
|ix. An
alations,
111 docu-
linner in
satures.
has been prefixed to the vital statistics. A full account of the history, geography, &c. of
each settlement will be found in my " History of the Hritish Colonies," in five large
octavo volumes, and in my " Colonial Library," in ten smaller volumes. A large statistical
chart shews, in an aggregate form and in round numbers, as being more easily retained
by the memory, the condition of the Colonies in 1836, the latest year in which the " Blue
Books" are complete, and as accurate as existing documents will permit. In some of the
columns, viz. those of religion and property, estimates have been obliged to be resorted to,
in place of actual returns to Government.
A map of the world coloured, to shew the geographical position of our Colonies, has
been appended by Mr. Wyld, geographer to the Queen.
The seals of each Colony, chastely designed by Mr. Wyon, chief engraver of the Royal
Mint, are now, for the first time, laid before the public. The centre of the colonial soal is
j alone given : it is surrounded by the royal arms, as observed in the engraving of the Upper
Icanada seal, plate 1. I am indebted to Mr. Freebairn's skill with the patent anaylyptograph
jfor the beautiful engraving with which this branch of the work is illustrated. My principal
[assistant, Mr. Frederick Medley, bestowed great care on a work which required unremitting
industry, attention, and zeal — qualities which were rendered more useful by his personal
knowledge and appreciation of the value of the Colonies. While adverting to the different
individuals who have contributed towards the preparation of this work, I should not omit
to mention the excellent t'<'pographer, Mr. Nicol, of the Shakspeare Press, Pall Mall.
A tabular Index, after a new and compendious plan, will enable the inquirer to find in a
moment the pages in the Book and in the Appendix relating to any subject on which he
may desire information.
With respect to the numerous tables and data, which the following pages present, they
may be relied on as the nearest approximation to truth yet attainable. The " Blue
Books" are, of late years, more perfect than when they were first established ; and great
credit is due to the gentleman in the Colonial Oftice with whom the statesman-like idea
originated, and to those also who, undeterred by difficulties or disappointments, have
succeeded in reducing the plan to a system, which every future return will bring to a
greater degree of accuracy. It may be observed, perhaps, that the gaol returns from several
Colonies shew sometimes a great and sudden change in the annual number of prisoners.
This can only be accounted for by supposing that occasionally the whole of the gaols in the
Colony are included in the return, and in some years, only those prisoners confined in the
chief town.
There are about three minion figures in the volume, and a nearly equal number was
required to form the additions, subtractions, &c. In order to gci as much information as
possible into a given tabular space, shillings, pence, and fractional parts, have been
excluded, which will account for any slight apparent discrepancy in the summing up of the
totals, and which it did not appear advisable to alter.
As the work may be deemed an official record, I have considered it right to abstain from
all comment on the multiplicity of facts now collected and printed, and to suppress even an
Introduction which I had prepared on ancient and modern colonization, and on the political
and commercial importance of Colonies to England.
The statements contained in the following pages speak for themselves : they constitute
the most extraordinary record of a Colonii' Empire that man ever witnessed — an empire
which has been the growth of ages, yet is still in its infancy, and on whose extension and
improvement, so far as human judgment can predict, depends the happiness of the world.
London, Januarv, 1S39.
ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN.
TABULAR ALPHABKTICAL INDEX.
"3 w
Banks.
1
Char-
ters.
Commerce.
c
u
Crime.
Duties
levied.
Education.
Finances.
Name of Colony.
«
.
t .
.
,
K
,
.
a
* .
. ,
i
<
11
ii
u
s ^
CO
'9 °'
u
5 M
u
I&
55/
a S.
< a
U
-!■«:
W<
03 a.
< a.
<! a.
ca a
n 2.
f.a.
ca a
< a
pa a
558
< a
Accra .
558
296
Atigiiilla . ,
UVi
102
—
—
—
—
—
102
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
296
Annnmaboc .
.wr
—
—
—
—
—
—
568
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
558
290
Aiitigiia
/9
86
—
—
80
—
—
86
1.3, &C.
—
84
—
—
—
83
10
85
29(1
Ahct'iislon
SL'4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
291)
Australia, East (or
4l;i
437
432
218
415
213
222
431
221
421
176
427
—
420
—
427
296
N. S. Wales.
Australia West
i^^
4PS
466
—
458
232
464
462
—
—
461
—
463
296
Ditto Soutli .
4fiy
—
—
—
471
232
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
296
Dalianias
10^
110
—
—
104
—
109
1.3, &C.
108 —
—
107
10
108
296
liarbudoi-s
()i)
—
—
—
63
—
—
68
1.3, &C.
—
65 —
—
—
66
10
67
29(1
liarbixia
h6
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
— —
—
—
—
—
296
Ucrmiulas
111
116
—
—
112
—
^~
116
1.3, liC.
—
111 —
115
—
114
10
115
296
Canada, Upper ,
17!)
210
208
51
182
—
71
207
*7
70
201 —
201
. —
200
—
202
63
Ditto Lower
14.5
176
173
51
1.52
—
68
169
*7
70
160 —
167
—
157
—
l(i6
55 tl.r
Cape Breton Island
2:11
—
—
232
—
233
*7
80 A
225 —
224
—
226
296
Cape Coast Caatle
■w;
—
—
—
—
—
—
555
—
— . —
—
—
—
—
558
296
Capeof (iood Hope
473
495
492
—
■J77
235
—
489
258
—
483 —
—
—
481
—
487
296
Caymans
Ti
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— , —
—
—
—
—
—
296
Ceylon .
3fi!l
.399
—
—
373
162
—
394
—
—
3S6 —
390
—
382
—
390
2iiO
Dominica
7:1
78
—
—
7^
—
—
78
1.3, Ac.
— .
76 -
—
—
76
—
7;
296
Falltland Islands
142
144
—
—
143
—
—
—
—
296
(iamhia
5.'i2
—
—
—
—
855
553 —
—
—
551
296
Gibraltar
56il
.567
—
—
5til
270
—
566
274
—
564
—
561
—
562
—
565
296
Grenada
4(1
•19
—
—
43
—
—
48
1.3, &C.
_
45
—
47
47
10
48
296
Gozo
5tis
—
—
570
—
—
—
—
—
—
583
296
Uuimia :
Demcrara
Essequibo
Uerbice
II;
117
.13,5{
134
26
122
32
26
133
1.3, &C
—
129
130
_
132
_
128
129
ID
131
132
296
296
Heligoland .
6UI
—
_
602
—
—
—
^
—
602
296
Honduras
137
142
—
—
138
—
_
141
1.4
—
140
—
139
10
140
296
Hudson's Bay Ter.
272
—
—
—
—
—
80b
—
47
—
—
—
—
296
Indiit :
Benpal .
280
362
341
160
285
146
—
348
110
—
309
—
361
132
302
120
331
—
Bombay
28(1
362
341
—
288
146
—
3.59
128
—
—
—
361
132
307
120
338
—
Madras
281
362
341
-.
288
146
358
133
—
361
132
306
120
338
loniun Islands :
Corfu
591
601
—
—
591
258
—
599
—
596
—
—
595
598
296
Cephalonia .
.5y.i
6ui
—
—
591
25h
—
599
—
—
596
—
—
595
—
598
296
Cerigo .
.•i!!;!
601
—
—
591
258
—
599
—
—
596
—
—
595
—
598
296
Ithaca .
59:1
601
—
—
591
258
—
599
—
59C
—
—
695
598
296
Paxo
.19;)
601
—
—
591
258
—
.599
—
596
—
—
595
598
21.6
Santa Maura
593
601
—
—
691
258
—
599
—
590
595
—
598
296
Zante
092
601
—
—
591
258
—
599
—
696
595
,598
296
Jamaica
1
21
20
20
6
—
18
l.,3, &C.
—
12
16
10
10
16
296
Malacca
40.'i
—
—
406
—
—
—
.-__
407
407
Malta .
56h
588
58li
—
570
—
—
585
274
—
.58V
—
581
584
296
Mauritius
497
516
—
—
•199
256 -
509
1.4
—
501)
507
506
10
507
296
Mcntscrtat .
H9
—
—
—
90
^~
—
92
\.A,kC.
9-'
91
10
92
296
New Brunswick .
23.';
—
244
51
236
76
213
47
76
240
— 98
2i0
242
29fi
Newfonndland
25()
—
270
—
261
b6
267
47
266
264
167
296
New South Wales
413
437
432
—
415
—
—
431
—
421
—
4.'0
427
296
Nevis .
87
—
—
—
—
—
89
1.3, &c.
89
88
10
89
296
Norfolk Island .
41,5
—
—
—
—
—
2<j6
Nova Scotia
212
218
230
51
215
—
76
228
47
76
225
—
22() —
2:24
227
296
Penanp
4()2
—
—
—
403
—
404
—
404
Prince Edwards Is.
245
254
—
—
246
—
—
252
47
249
249
250
296
Seychelles .
518
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
296
Sierra Leone
.52.5
—
—
—
533
241 —
543
258
540
539
541
296
Siiicapore
' 4(18
—
—
—
409
— !
410
—
—
St. Helena .
520
—
—
—
521
_^ 1
523
522
523
296
St. Kitts
93
99
—
—
91
— ! —
US
1.3, «(C.
Q7
—
—
96
10
98
296
St. Lucia
oy
72
—
—
6i)
32 ' —
72
1.3, &C.
71
70
10
71
296
St. Vincent .
,50
58
—
—
53
—
—
58, 1.3. itc
55
55
57
2i.6
Tobago
35
—
—
—
37
—
—
39
1.3, *c.
38
—
~
38
10
39
296
'lortola and Vir-
99
—
—
—
—
—
101
1.3, &c.
100
100
lUl
296
gin Islands.
Trinidad
23
33
—
—
26
32
—
32
1.3, &C.
30
31; —
29
10
31
296
Van Diemen's L.
441
452
452
—
442
223 227
451
448
178
1
445
450
296
WcUesley Prov. .
403
—
—
—
—
__
^ I
296
West Indies
—
—
—
—
—
—
20
—
1.8, &C.
1
. —
10,«;c.
—
296
America, North
—
—
83
—
52
— 52. &C
296
Appendix, Gencrul
—
—
—
—
—
—
2bO
—
302
—
—
—
—
—
—
295 &C
TABUI-AR ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
i
icatlon.
Flnancei.
.,
.
' 1^
%\
Ih
1. < o.
W a
■*. a
SSH
29«
—
—
29(1
—
S6H
29(3
) 10
H«
29(i
—
—
291)
' —
42;
29(i
,
•lfi:i
29(3
—
—
29t)
" 10
lUH
2H(i
S 10
ti/
290
—
—
29l>
1 10
IIS
29(5
1 —
202
()3
—
I6fi
55 iiC
I —
220
29()
—
558
290
—
487
29«
—
—
29fi
! —
3S0
2!iO
) —
r,
29(>
—
—
290
—
Aflt
29O
i —
SO.')
296
10
4H
29O
—
5 Bit
29O
10
l:tl
29(5
—
132
296
602
29O
10
no
296
—
—
296
120
331
120
■AM
—
120
338
—
598
296
—
51)8
29O
—
5a«
296
—
AIJH
290
—
598
21.6
—
598
29(5
—
598
296
10
16
296
—
407
—
—
584
296
10
507
296
10
92
290
—
242
29O
—
ib-
29()
—
427
296
10
89
296
—
—
21/6
—
227
29O
—
4114
—
—
250
29fi
—
—
29()
—
541
296
523
296
HI
98
296
10
71
29fi
—
57
2!Ui
10
39
296
—
101
29O
10
31
290
—
450
296
—
—
296
!,«>■(.•.
—
29O
—
—
29«
—
—
296 &i-
■ i:
I'npnin !
LandH.
Monies,
tiuti.
,
Prices. 1
Siiipplng;.
Wages.
VVciBlitB.
i
1
JM
tn
s|
Jii,
< a.
ii
653
1: a.
M u
< 3.
M u
2. si
< a
298
it
a* hr
< a.
8 3
S3 :a.
u
f. a.
Name of Colony.
^|a58
_
_
_
Accra.
|^Bl02
__
102
—
—
—
298
102
—
—
—
—
Angiillia.
^■tSH
__
663
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
—
Annamaboe.
■ !'
—
—
84
—
—
80
20
86
—
—
82
86
29H
298
—
—
z
—
—
AntlKua.
ANccnHion.
Hp24
439
174
425
431
—
416
173
435
438
276
419
431
298
430
—
270
—
—
Australia, East (or
N. S. Wales).!
^>lfi3
467
—
406
46n
—
468
467
—
461
4flt
29H
465
467
—
406
—
Australia, West.
•_
472
—
_
472
471
—
—
—
—
472
298
—
472
—
—
—
Ditto South.
108
104
108
109
105
—
110
110
—
106
109
298
110
liu
—
—
—
Daliamas.
67
—
—
07
OH
—
64
20
68
—
—
65
68
29»
^98
—
z
-~
^
z
Uarbailocs.
llarbiida.
lis
116
—
lis
115
113
—
116
llO
—
113
lis
298
—
—
—
—
—
Ilermndas.
Ml
209
60
201
208
53,«(C.
184
6u
210
210
60
198
—
29b
210
210
—
—
—
Canada, Upper.
101
163
54
161
172
53
153
60
175
172
278
166
170
298
177
178
—
172
—
Ditto Lower.
«is
200
225
232
60
234
—
223
232
298
230
—
—
Cape Breton Island
Me
—
558
553
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
—
Cape Coast Castle.
ST
485
z
485
490
—
477
22
—
493
495
z
479
489
298
298
495
z
—
493
__
Cape of Good Hope
Caymans.
%
391
—
380
395
375
—
397
397
—
377
394
298
397
—
—
396
—
Ceylon.
Ik
7»
—
77
75
20
78
78
—
78
78
298
78
—
—
—
Dominica.
—
563
—
—
656
298
—
—
—
—
Falkland Islands.
i
—
553
557
—
—
666
666
—
—
298
657
—
—
—
Gambia.
—
—
56 1
507
662
—
567
S67
—
562
663
298
668
668
—
567
—
Gibraltar.
. ,47
—
—
47
49
44
20
49
60
—
46
48
298
49
60
—
—
—
Grenada.
~~
~~'
586
—
676
687
587
~"
577
686
298
588
~~
""*
~~
■"•
Gozo.
Guiana :
t
—
131
134
__
124
20
135
136
128
133
298
136
136
f Demcrara.
< Essequibo.
L Berbice.
135
—
131
134
—
126
20
135
136
—
—
133
298
—
—
—
136
—
--
—
,—
_
602
—
—
602
—
—
602
298
—
—
—
—
—
Heligoland.
f
—
140
142
—
139
272
—
141
—
-
139
141
29s
298
—
—
—
—
—
Honduras.
Hudson's Bay Ter.
India :
112
333
—
323
342
133
288
Ill
362
360 c
130
294
360 c
298
—
—
—
362
141
Uengal.
. 112
335
—
323
342
133
292
114
—
365
—
295
360 C
298
368
—
362
141
Bombay.
'.|flr
335
—^
323
342
133
291
113
—
360 c
—
296
360 c
298
—
—
—
362
141
Madras.
Ionian Islands :
■^^Btfi
—
—
S97
599
—
594
—
6no
600
—
594
599
298
600
—
—
699
—
Corfu.
^^^^K^
—
—
597
599
—
594
—
600
Ooo
—
594
699
298
6(t0
—
—
599
—
Ccphalonla.
^^^B^
—
—
597
599
—
591
—
600
600
—
694
699
298
600
—
—
699
—
Cerlgo.
jfl^^B6
—
—
697
599
—
594
—
600
600
—
594
599
298
600
—
—
599
—
Ithaca.
W^^f>
—
—
597
—
594
—
000
600
—
694
69J
298
600
—
—
399
—
Paxo.
>^^^B6
—
—
597
—
594
-
Ooo
600
—
694
599
298
600
—
—
599
—
Santa Maura.
.a^^Ko
—
—
597
—
594
—
600
600
—
694
599
298
600
—
—
599
—
Zante.
^^^Es
22
—
15
19
—
7
20
21
22
—
9
17
298
22
22
—
599
—
Jamaica.
':J^H—
—
—
—
■107
—
406
—
407
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
—
Malacca.
|HpB82
588
—
582
585
—
574
—
587
587
—
577
585
298
589
—
—
587
—
Malta.
' "07
516
—
507
514
503
—
516
—
—
505
614
298
515
—
616
—
Mauritius.
92
—
—
—
—
—
90
20
—
92
—
91
92
298
—
92
—
—
—
Montserrat.
_^^41
244
60
241
244
63
236
60
244
—
239
243
298
—
—
—
New Brunswiclc.
^^^^3M66
—
60
—
270
261
60
270
271
—
263
267
298
271
271
—
—
—
Newfoundland.
mUi^'^
439
—
425
434
417
—
438
—
4iy
439
298
436
—
—
— ^^
New South Wales.
Wap
~~"
—
_„
89
z
87
20
89
—
88
89
298
298
—
89
—
z
z
Nevis.
Norfolk Island.
.^^B25
217
60
226
229
53
216
60
230
230
—
223
228
298
217
230
—
—
—
Nova Scotia.
W^k'
—
—
—
—
—
403
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
Pcnang.
aKso
253
60
250
252
53
247
60
25i.
—
—
248
252
298
253
255
—
—
—
Prince Ed wards Is.
'^^B*~
—
—
—
—
—
619
—
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
Seychelles.
^^^■40
—
—
640
548
—
535
—
649
552
—
538
—
298
652
—
—
—
Sierra Leone. ,
I^^K"
—
—
—
—
—
409
—
412
—
—
410
412
298
—
—
—
—
—
Sincapore.
^^■22
—
—
622
—
—
622
—
—
524
—
—
623
298
—
—
—
—
—
St. Helena.
|^^B97
—
—
93
98
—
94
—
—
99
—
95
98
298
—
99
—
—
—
St. Kitts.
I^^B 71
—
—
—
72
—
70
20
—
—
70
72
298
72
72
—
72
St. Lucia.
i^H so
—
—
56
58
—
64
20
59
60
—
55
68
298
60
—
—
St. Vincent.
^^B 39
—
—
39
40
—
37
20
40
40
—
38
39
298
—
40
—
—
—
Tobago.
^V""
■""
■""
100
102
—
99
"~"
—
101
—^
100
101
298
— .
101
—
—
—
Tortola and Vir-
gin Islands.
^^H 30
34
—
30
33
—
27
20
33
—
—
29
32
298
34
—
—
32
—
Trinidad.
^»49
^~
231
449
_
—
443
403
222
454
452
277
444
451
298
298
453
465
277
z
z
Van Dieracn's L.
Wellesley Frov.
^^H—
—
14 &c.
—
25
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
—
West Indies.
^^H—
60
—
—
80
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
America, North.
^B87
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
298
—
—
—
—
—
Appendix, General
CORRIGENDA.
Page 95, /or Tabic of Slave Population from 1819 to 1831, rearf 1817 to 1831.
— 100, 7th line from bottom, /w Offices, reail Officers.
— 108, 17th line from bottom, fur from l(il3 to 1C3H, read from lf>73 to 1838,
— 204, ."ith line from top, for Post Office Receipts, &c. for five years, read eight years.
— '.ilO, (in Table of Schools) last line, /or in every parish and the province, read in the province.
— 244, 1st line from top, /or eight years read 1 1 years.
— 2C9, 2d line from top, /or from 1828 to 183C, read from 1829 to 183fi.
— 447, (Table of Government Schools) 3d line from top, /or from 1824 to 1834, read from 1824 to 1835.
— 4.')3, (Table of Price of Produce) for from 1829 to 1836, read from 1828 to 1836.
— 478, (Population Table) for Whites, rertti Whites and Free-coloured.
— .')07, at last line of the page, /or 1335, read 1835.
— 535, Ist line in the page,/or since 1815, read 1816.
— 540, Table of Military Strength, /or since 1815, read 1816.
— S41, Table of Comparative Yearly Statement of Revenue, [B.B. 1836.] omit 1836.
— 542, Table of Comparative Yearly Statement of Expenditure, instead of [B. B. 1836], omit 1836.
— 564, in Table of Military Strength, /or since 1815, read since 1816.
— 583, in Table of Military Strength, /or since the year 1815, read since the year 1816.
— 583, 2d line from top, instead of [B. B. 1836], omit 1836.
— 584, 2d line from top, /or 1821 to 1836, read 1821 to 1831.
ILLUSTRATIONS.
1st. Map to face
2d. Statistical Chart of the Colonies, to face
3d. Seals to face
Title Page
Report.
Book I.
DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER.
Pages 360 A, B. C. D., to follow p. 360. In the Appendix, pp. 80 A. B. C. D., to follow p. 80.
the province.
' from 1824 to 1835.
6], omit 1836.
6.
Page
rt.
I.
How p. 80.
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Ions.
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A/ .i.--!'/', ■• <^.' ?."'Jt^a.
■ '•iUii. . . - , 'fc'v, ,K ■. riXPX.
THE COLONIES, &c.
BOOK I.— POSSESSIONS IN THE WEST INDIES.
CHAPTER I.— JAMAICA.
Section I. — The Island of Jamaica is situated be-
vccn the parallels of 1 7" 35' to 18" 30' north latitude,
|jd Iff* to 78" .10' west longitude, 4000 miles south-
Bst of England, 90 west of St. Domingo, the same
^tance south of Cuba, and 435 north of Carthagena
the South American continent. It is 150 miles
long, 55 broad, and contains about 4,000,000 acres.
11. Jamaica was discovered by Cristophcr Colum-
bus, on the 2nd May, 1494, during his second expedi-
tion. It was called Xaymaca in the Florida language,
(iSgnifying abundance of wood and water; and St.
^|K), (tlias St. James, by Columbus, in honor of the
pipron saint of Spain. Columbus took formal pos-
^l8ion of Jamaica for his sovereign ; but owing pro •
\ttii\y to the apparent hostility of the aborigines, by
^^om it was then densely peopled, the Spaniards
fiftiTied no settlement. In 1503 the Spaniards first
if^aii to colonize Jamaica, In 1558 the aborigines
entirely perished, and slaves were then intro-
|ed. In 1G05 Sir Anthony Shirley made some
ilatory incursions on the Spanish settlers then
jttercd in various parts of the island, and in 1038
or Capt. William Jackson made a descent on
iiaica, beat the Spaniards at Passage Fort, and
spelled them to pay a large sum of money for the
Bervation of their capital. The island remained in
J possession of the Spaniards until the 3rd May,
|5, when Jamaica was conquered from the Spaniards
, large armament, fitted out by Oliver Cromwell,
1 commanded by Gen. Venables and Admiral Penn.
Im thence to the "iresent period Jamaica has re-
ined in the possesion of Great Britain.
The following is a list of the slave insurrections in
'island: 1()78. Rebellion caused by the prolonga-
of martial law. 1084. Ditto — first serious one.
IG. Ditto — sanguinary at Clarendon. 1702. Ditto.
Item districts. 1717. Ditto — causing great alarm,
to mention districts or particular events, it may
pufficicnt to name the years in which the insurree-
lis occurred:— In 1722, 1734, 173C, 1739, 1740,
15, 1758, 17G0, 17fi5, 1766, 1769, 1771, 1777, 1782,
1796, 1798, 1803, 1807. 1809, 1824, 1832.
|-nig the latter rebellion 200 were killed in the
and about 500 executed. The expense of put-
;down the rebellion of 1760, was £100,000. It
btimated that the expense of 1832, (exclusive of
I value of the property destroyed, viz. £1,154,583)
I £161,596. The British parliament granted a loan
|500,000 to assist the almost ruined planters,
("he following are the names of the Governors,
lit. -Governors, &c., of Jamaica, with the years
^n they commenced their administrations : Gov.
D'Oyley, 1660; Gov. Lord Windsor, 1662;
Jit.-Gov. Sir C. Lyttleton, Knt., 1662 ; Pres. Col.
|mas Lynch, 1664; Gov. Sir T. Modyford, Knt.,
Lieut.-Gov. Sir T. Lynch, Knt., 1671 ; Lieut.
Sir H.Morgan, Knt., 1675 ; Gov. Lord Vaughan,
Lieut, -Gov. Sir H. Morgan, Knt., 1678; Gov.
Charles Earl of Carlisle, 1678; Lieut.-Gov. Sir. H.
Morgan, Knt. 1680; Gov. Sir Thomas Lynch, Knt.
1682; Lieut.-Gov'. Col. Hendcr Molcsworth, 1684;
Gov. Christopher Duke of Albemarle, 1687; Pres.
Sir Francis Watson, 1688; Gov. William Earl of
Inchiquin, 1690; Pres. John White, Esq., 1692;
Pres. John Bourdcn, Esq., 1692 ; Lieut.-Gov. Sir W.
Beeston, Knt., 1693 ; Gov. William Schvyn, Esq.,
1702; Lieut.-Gov. P. Beckford, Esq. 1702; Lieut.-
Gov. T. Handasyd, Esq. 1702 ; Gov. Lord Archibald
Hamilton, 1711; Gov. Peter Heywood, Esq., 1716;
Gov. Sir Nicholas Lawes, Knt., 1718; Gov. Henry
Duke of Portland, 1722 ; Pres. John Ayscough, Esq.,
1722; Gov. Major-Gen. Robert Hunter, 1728; Pres.
John Ayscough, Esq., 1734; Pres. John Gregory,
Esq., 1735. Henry Cunningham, Esq. was appointed
Governor in 1735, but Pres. Gregory was succeeded
by Gov. Edward Trclawny, Esq. 1738 ; Gov. Charles
Knowlcs, Esq 1752; Lieut.-Gov. Henry Moore, Esq.
1756 ; Gov. George Haldane, Esq. I 758 ; Lieut.-Gov.
Henry Moore, Es(i. 1759; Gov. W. II. Lyttleton,
Esq. 1762 ; Lieut.-Gov. R. H. Elletson, Esq , 1766 ;
Gov. Sir William Trelawny, Bart., 1767; Lieut.-Gov.
Licut.-Col.J.Dalling, 1773; Gov. Sir Basil Keith, Knt..
1773 ; Gov. Major-Gen. J. Dalling, 1777 ; Gov. Maj.
Gen. Archibald Campbell, 1782; Lieut. Gov. Briga-
dier-Gen. Alured Clarke, 1784 ; Gov. Thomas Earl of
Effingham, 1-790; Lieut. Gov. Major-Gen. William-
son, 1791; Lieut.-Gov. Earl of Balcarras, 1795;
Lieut.-Gov. Lieut. -Gen. G. Nugent, 1801 ; Lieut.
Gov. Lieut. Gen. Sir E. Coote, 1806 ; Gov. Duke of
Manchester, 1808; Lieut.-Gov. Lieut.-Gen. E.Mor-
rison, 1811 ; Gov. Duke of Manchester, 1813 ; Lieut.
Gov. Major-Gen. H. Conran, 1821 ; Gov. Duke cf
Manchester, 1822 ; Lieut. Gov, Major-Gen. Sir John
Keanc, 1827 ; Gov. Earl of Belmore, 1829 ; Pres. G.
Cuthbert, Esq., 1832; Gov. C. H. Earl of Mulgravc,
1832 ; Gov. Marquis of Sligo, Dec. 1833 ; Lieut. Gen.
Sir Lionel Smith, 1836.
III. Jamaica is somewhat of an oval shape, with an
elevated ridge called the " Blue Mountains," (tower-
ing in some places to nearly 8,000 feet above the level
of the sea,) running longitudinally through the isle
E. and W., and occasionally intersected by other high
ridges, traversing from N. to S. ; approaching the sea
on the S. coast in gigantic spines, of sharp ascent —
difficult of access, and clothed with dense and sombre
forests ; — on the N. declining into lovely mounds and
round-topped hills, covered with groves of pimento,
and all the exquisite verdure of the tropics, — the
coup d'ceil presenting a splend'd panorama of high
mountains, embosomed in cloui , and vast savannahs
or plains, hills and vales, rivers, bays, and creeks.
The middle part, called Pedro's Cockpit, lying between
Clarendon and St. Ann's Parishes, is spread for an
extent of many miles, with an infinite number of
round-topped hills, whose surface, covered with lo' e
lime-stouc, or honey-comb rock, is clothed with fine
;- t .
JAMAICA.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
cedar and other trees, of enormous bulk ; the dales
or cockpits meandering between these hummocks
contain a rich soil, of great depth, where the suc-
culent Guinea grass forms a perfect carpet of ever-
verdant beauty.
From Fort Morant (conspicuous under a steep
hill,) to Port Royal, there is a narrow spit of land,
called the palisades, composed of sand, overgrown
with mangroves ; behind this is the harbour of the
chief commercial town. St. Jago de la Vega, or
Spanish Town, Co. Middlesex, on the S.W. side of
the island, about 16 miles from the sea, and 16 from
Kingston, is the seat of Government, but Kingston is
in reality the capital of the island. Kingston is si-
tuated on a gentle slope of about one mile in length,
which is bounded on the S. by a spacious basin,
through which all vessels must advance beneath the
commanding batteries of 'ort Royal. The extended
inclined plane, on the verge of which Kingston stands,
is enclosed on the N. by the loftiest ridge of the Blue
Mountain chain, termed Llguana, which, forming a
semi-circle, terminates in the E, at the narrow defile
of Rock Fort,— from thence a long neck of land
stretches far away to Port Royal, forming the S.
barrier of a beautiful haven ; in the W. the semicircle
terminates at a contracted pass upon the edge of an
impracticable lagoon, from thence the main land sweep-
ing round to Port Henderson, and the projecting salt-
pond hills secure an harbour, in which the navies of
Europe may safely ride. The entrance is defended
on the E. point of the delta of Fort Royal by the
formidable ramparts of Fort Charles, thickly studded
with heavy ordnance ; on the W. side, by the cannon
of Rock Fort, while the low raking shot from the long
level lines of Fort Augusta, which face the narrow
channel, would sweep a hostile navy off the ocean.
For nine miles around Kingston is an alluvial plain,
surrounded by a series of irregular mountains, some
of which to the E. and N. E. are of considerable
elevation, — constantly cloud-capped, and appearing
as if made up of several hills piled one upon ino-
ther, with various elevations, picturesque valleys and
chasms, impressing the mind with an idea of volcanic
origin, or that some convulsion of nature had caused
the strange irregularity displayed.
The streets in Lower Kingston are long and straight,
with a mathematical regularity like the new town of
Edinburgh, the houses in general two stories, with
verandahs above and below. The English and Scotch
churches are really elegant structures, particularly the
former, which is built on a picturesque spot, com-
manding a splendid view of the city, the plains around
it, the amphitheatre of mountains, and the noble har-
bour of Port Royal.
On a plain at the top of the declivity on which
Kingston is built are the fine barracks, called Up
Park Camp, and not far hence on a still more con-
spicuous spot, is the residence of the naval com-
mander-in-chief on the station, called the Admiral's
Pen. The heights of the principal places above the
level of the sea, are thus computed : — Blue Mountain
Peak, 7,770 feet; Ridge of ditto, 7,163; Portlan-^
Gap ridge, 6,501 J Portland Gap, 5,640; Catherine's
Peak, 4,970 ; Abbey Green House, s.d. 4,2.3,3 ; Clifton
House, s.A. 4,228 ; Flamsted House, 3,800 ; Sheldon
House, .3,417 ; Middleton House 2,340; Stoney Hill,
Bucks, 1,360; Green Castle, 1,328; Hope Tavern, 699.
It is asserted, however, that the three very remark-
able peaks on the grand ridge of Blue Monntains at
the eastern part of the island called the Coldridi^e,
have their respective summits 8,184, 7,656, and 7,676
above the level of the sea, and there arc other moun-
tains in this ridge exceeding a mile in height. Ca-
therine's Peak, about seven miles and a half N. of
Kingston, is stated to be 5,075 feet, and Hardwar
Hill to the westward of it nearly of equal elevation,
forming the summits of another grand ridge which
crosses the island diagonally. The mountains to the
W. in the counties of Middlesex and Cornwall do not
reach to the height of a mile, rarely exceed half a mile ;
Leman's mountain, in the county of Middlesex, six
miles N. of Spanish Town is 2,282 feet high, and the
Bull's Head, in Clarendon, near the centre of the
island on the meridian of Carlisle Bay, is 3,140 feet.
In the W. the Dolpliin'i Head, S. of Lucea is 3,450
feet. On the S. E. coast Yallah's Hill, which is within
the point of the same name, is only 2,706 feet. The
greater proportion of the mountains are of conical
form, with steep declivities, approaching very near
the shore on the N. coast, and leaving plains of about
12 miles wide on the S.; the dark and deep ravines
between the lofty mountains, denominated Cockpits,
are closely shut in by dense woods, and offer a marked
contrast to the lower mountains, which are culti-
vated with cofiee, pimento, cotton, capsicums, &c.,
in all their variety, affording delightful country re-
treats from the coast.
The beauty of the island is further enhanced by its
numerous rivers, upwards of 200 of which have been
enumerated; few, however (owing to the mountainous
and hill and dale nature of the country) , are navigable
for vessels of any burthen, although they might he
made so by means of locks, &c. In St. Elizabeth
parish. Black River, which Hows for the most part
through a flat country, is the deepest and least rapid,
and is navigable for flat-bottomed boats and canoes
for about 30 miles. The other chief rivers on the S.
side are the Rio Cobre and Rio Minho, and on the N.,
Marthabrae, White, Ginger, and Great River, &c. —
The precipitate current of the streams renders them
the better adapted for mechanical purposes, their quick
agitation over the falls preserves their zest and spright-
liness for animal drink, and prevents the too great
evaporation and formation of damps and mists, which
would otherwise be occasioned.
Springs are extremely numerous, even in the high
est mountains ; about Kingston, and on the N. side,
they are generally impregnated with calcareous earth,
and in the latter stalactites are met with. Several aic
of a medicinal nature in Vere and Portland ; the most |
celebrated is one of a sulphureous nature in the E,
parish of St. Thomas, giving name to a village called I
Bath. There is a cold and a hot spring ; the latter
runs by many rills out of the side of a rocky cleft that
confines the middle part of the sulphur river to the
E., as it flows towards the S. ; it is very hot at its I
source, naturally light, and plentifully charged with |
volatile particles of mineral acid, combined with sul-
phureous steam, slightly engaged in a calcareous base, I
The cold spring differs only in being more abundantly !
charged with sulphur; the use of both is exceed- f
ingly beneficial in cutaneous disorders, obstructiomj
of the viscera, &c.
Of the harbours it may be sufficient to state, that]
the Jamaica shore has 16 principal secure havciiJ.
besides 30 bays, roads, or shipping stations, wliiclil
afford good anchorage.
The island is divided into three counties — Midrilc-I
sex, Surrey, and Cornwall, each of which is subdi-l
vided into parishes, nine, seven, and five. Cornwalli
contains 1,305,235 acres,3 towns, 5 parishes, 6 villages I
Middlesex, 672,616 acres, 1 town, 9 parishes, 13 vill
JAMAICA.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
3
;rc arc other moun-
lilc in height. Ca-
ps and a half N. of
feet, and Hardwar
of equal elevation,
■ grand ridge which
he mountains to the
and Cornwall do not
ly exceed half a mile;
ity of Middlesex, six
i'i feet high, and the
ir the centre of the
ileBay, is 3,140 feet,
i. of Lucea is 3,450
3 Hill, which is within
only 2,706 feet. The
ntains are of conical
[iproaching very near
eaving plains of about
lark and deep ravines
lenominated Cockpits,
ads, and offer a marked
lins, which are culti-
jtton, capsicums, &c.,
delightful country rc-
urther enhanced by its
100 of which have been
ing to the mountainous
country), are navigable
though they might be
&c. In St. Elizabeth
ows for the most part
deepest and least rapid,
imed boats and canoes
;r chief rivers on the S.
3 Minho, andon theN.,
nd Great River, &c.—
1 streams renders them
:al purposes, their quick
>s their zest and sprigbt-
fprevents the too great
|damps and mists, which
pjrous, even in the high
on, and on the N. side,
d with calcareous earth,
3 met with. Several aic
and Portland ; the most
jireous nature in the E.
[name to a village called
hot spring; the latter
side of a rocky cleft that
;he sulphur river to the
,. ; it is very hot at its I
jlentifuUy charged with
(Cid, combined with sul-
,ged in a calcareous base.
i being more abundantly I
[use of both is exceed- 1
disorders, obstructions I
i sufficient to state, thai I
Principal secure havens!
hipping stations, whickl
hrec counties — MiddleJ
ach of which is suhdil
en, and five. Cornwall|
ns, .5 parishes, 6 villages;
town, 9 parishes, 13 vilj
luges; Surrey, 1,522,14!) acres, 2 towns, 7 parishes, 8
villagra. Total, 3,500,000 acres, (> towns, 2 1 parishes,
27 villages.
Middlesex contains St. Jago dc la Vega, or Spanish
Town, situate in a noble ])lain, and adorned with
many tine buildings in the Caatilian style ; Surry con-
tains Kingston and Port Royal, and likewise the vil-
lages of Port Morant and Morant Bay, the latter of
considerable importance on account of its shipping;
Portland parish, in this county 'lontains Port Antonio,
1 one of the most commodious and secure in the island ;
1 St. George Parish contains Annotto Bay ; Cornwall
[county has Montego Bay on the N.W. coast, on which
Icoast Falmouii, 20 miles east of Montego Bay, is also
situate. The oi her i)laces worth notice are Carlisle
and Bluefleld Bays on the S. and Marthabraj and
[.ucea harbours on the N. coast. The chief headlands
^f the island are Port Morant, at the east end of Ja-
maica, and two promontories on the W. end, the coast
|ong which is bold and high.
The roads through the island are in general nar-
row but good. By the old laws the width of the
roads was ordered as follows : — Width in standing
wood, fiO feet ; width of wood in one side, 40 feet ;
fridth of open ground, 24 feet. The making of some
roads in the island have cost £ 700 pc mile.
It may be necessary to say a few words respecting
the position of the military stations, &c. in Jamaica,
etpccially on the south side of the island, where four
out of five regiments are stationed. To begin with —
FoBT Augusta. — This strong fortress is built upon
Sovir neck of land, o*- peninsula, joined to the hills at
Irt Henderson by a narrow isthmua of sand, having
poral formation for its base. The buildings of the
occupy the whole area of the point of the penin-
lla, which is surrounded by the sea, except to the
pst, tha south face of the port being washed by the
fcep water of the ship channel, while the east and
^rth fronts are environed by the shallow waters of a
goon. The fort is considered healthy, owing to the
levalence of the wind from the S, and S. E. The
krracks are two stories high, well ventilated, and
ptain generally four service companies.
Up-Pahk Camp contains the only government bar-
^cksin Jamaica, and they are indeed highly creditable
I the island. They are situate about two miles north
' Kingston, at the extremity of the plain of Liguana,
Ihich gradually rises above the level of the sea, is
lell cultivated, extremely fertile, about one mile and
[half south of the Long Mountain, with an elevation
800 feet, covered with brush wood, and exceedingly
leep towards Kingston. The height of the camp
pove the sea shore is about 200 feet, and it covers an
p-egular square of between 200 and 300 acres, sloping
kwards Kingston. The barracks consist of two long
Vrallel lines of buildings, extending from E. to W.
|hat to the S., or seaward, comprising the officers'
iiarters), two stories high, and six-feet basement, an
kcellent hospital, a splendid bath of 40 feet clear and
Jur deep, containing 70,000 gallons of running water.
lis fine bath is supplied with water from Papine
Itate, four miles and a half distant ; the pipe convey-
Ig it is six inches in diameter, with a velocity of 12
Iches, and discharging 4,500 gallons per hour. This
lentiful supply of so indispensable an element en-
ples the soldiers to irrigate their neat gardens, which
le laid out in the camp, and which furnish the garri-
\n with a constant supply of vegetables. The whole
Vntonnient, at 60 feet distance, is surrounded by a
all of six feet liiiih, surnuunitcd by an iron palisiul-
|g ; 1,284 European soldiers are encamped with com-
fort, and the attached offices are spacious, lofty, and
commodious.
Stoney Hill garrison, capable of holding 500 men —
is situate 2000 feet above the level of the sea, on the
ridges of a chain of mountains (in a depression be-
tween a more elevated chain), running in a curved
direction from E. to W., and enjoying a most beauti-
ful and picturesque view of the inclined alluvial i)lain
of Liguana, of the city of Kingston, of Port Royal, of
Fort Augusta, and of the adjacent country. The
barracks, hospitals, &c. are, generally speaking, situate
on small detached eminences, and are nine miles
north of Kingston, seven of which cross the plain of
Liguana; the remainder of the road is rather an
abrupt ascent to the garrison, but practicable for
wheeled carriages of every description. This post
commands the grand pass, which intersects the island
from N. to S., and is therefore justly considered of
great importance. The government ground at the
station amounts to 83 acres.
Port Antonio, situate at the extremity of the island,
80 miles from Kingston, is nearly insulated ; — its fort
exhibiting a half-moon battery, with a magazine in
the rear, 144 feet long, by 21 wide. The barracks arc
placed upon a kind of peninsula, forming on either
side a bay, and capable of containing upwards of 50
men. The buildings are new and elevated, commodi-
ous, and commanding a fine view of the sea.
Falmouth, or Marthabra;, 15 miles E. of Mon-
tego Bay, has a small fort at Point Palmetto, with a
good set of artillery barracks, and an hospital, stores
and quarters, open to the sea breeze. It is a bar har-
bour ; channel very narrow, intricate, not more than
1 6 or 1 7 feet deep, but within a regular depth of from
five to ten fathoms. The town of Falmouth is built
on the W. side of the harbour.
Maroon Town is situate in the interior, between
the parishes of Westmoreland and St. James, on a
very high mountain, affording a most desirable sta-
tion, in a military as well as in a sanatory point of
view. The barracks, delightfully placed in the midst
of verdant mountains and springs of the most deli-
cious water, are capable of accommodating upwards
of 200 men, with an excellent hospital for 20 pa-
tients.
Montego Bay is situate at the foot of a range of
mountains which nearly surround the town, except
on the sea side. The barracks for 100 men, and an
hospital for 40 patients, are complete and comfortable.
The N. point is in Lat. 18.30^ N. It is a good bay,
sheltered from all winds, from the N.N.E. round to
E. and W. and open to those from N. and W. It is
distant 15 miles from —
Lucea, or Fort Charlotte, which is built on the
N. E. extremity of a peninsula, bounded on one side
by the beautiful bay and secure harbour of Lucea, and
on the other by the sea. The mountains of Hanover
and Westmoreland rise abruptly and majestically high
immediately behind the town of Lucea, about one
mile from the garrison. The highest peak, termed
the Dolphin's Head, serves as a good land-mark to the
mariner.
Savannah Le Mar. This is a fine station, in the
midst of a highly-cultivated country. From the sea-
shore the ground springs a little towards the N.
pretty level, and intersected by several fine rivers ;
towards the E., at the distance of 12 miles, the moun-
tains begin to rise near the coast, running nearly nor-
therly upwards of 16 miles, when they turn to the
\V. nud incline, after running several miles further,
towards the S,, where they terminate not far from the
JAMAICA.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
ocean, and embrace within tlieir border a beautiful
and highly-cultivated amphitheatre. The town of
Savannah le Mar is situated on the beach, from wliich
n low alluvial flat extends for several miles ; in this
plain, about one mile from the town, is an excellent
range of barracks. The station is now healthy, and
the harbour good ; but recjuiring a pilot, on account
of its intricate entrance.
Apostles' Battery is a small fort, erected on a high
rock, on the shore opposite to Port Royal.
Port Royal, situate nearly at the extremity of a
tongue of land, which forms the boundary of the har-
bours of Kingston and of Port Royal. Towards the
sea, the tongue is composed of coral rocks, covered
witli sand, which the tide frequently inundates, as a
great part of the town of Port Royal is only a few feet
above the sea level. The royal naval yard lies to the
N., the naval hospital to the S. W., and the works of
Fort Charles, and the soldiers' barracks, to the south-
ward. The fortifications arc extremely strong, and
the situation (though low) healthy from its openness
to the sea-breeze. The harbour is capable of contain-
ing 1000 large ships with convenience. The Euro-
pean reader will remember that it was on this spot
the former Port Royal stood ere it was overwhelmed
by the earthquake of 1692, and with 2000 houses
buried eight fathoms under water.
Spanish Town. The capital of Jamaica is situate
at the extremity of an extensive plain, extending far
to the S., S E., and W., but with the mountains
closely ajjproaching the town on the N. and N. W.,
and distant from the sea at Port Royal Harbour six
miles. The Cohre, a river of considerable depth,
passes the city at the distance of about a quarter of a
mile on the N. E. The barrncks are good, well situ-
ate, and capable of holding .317 men; the hospital,
however, will not accommodate more than 36 j)a-
tients. The buildings of the capital, as before ob-
served, arc in the magnificent style of Spanish archi-
tecture, and the city has an imposing appearance.
The population is about ."iOOO. The King's House is
one of the most splendid buildings in any of oir colo-
nies; it was erected and furnished by the British
Colonists at a cost of £50,000. It is situated in
the S. of the great square, facing an immense pile of
buildings, containing under one roof the House of As-
sembly, the Supreme Court, and almost all the Go-
vernment offices of the island.
IV. Jamaica presents every indication of volcanic
origin, but there is no volcano in action ; a small lake
of blackish water, about 3000 feet above the sea,
and entirely encircled with hills, has the appearance
of an extinct crater. The precipi dus cones, conical
tumuli, abrupt declivities, and irregular masses of
enormous rocks scattered over the island, sutliciently
denote the powerful operation of fire. The soil is
generally deep and fertile ; on the north of a chocolate
colour, in other parts a bright yellow, and every-
where remarkable for a shining surface when first
turned up, and for staining the skin like paint when
wetted ; it appears to be a chalky marl, containing a
large proportion of calcareous matter. There is a soil
in the island termed " Brick Mould," which is deep
and mellow, on a retentive under strata ; this, next
to the ash mould of St. Christophers, is con'-idered
the best soil in the W. Indies for the sugar cane. A
red earth abounds most in the hilly lands, and a pur-
ple loam sometimes mixed with a sandy soil in the
savannahs and low-lands; but the highest mountains
are remarkable for having on their summits a deep
black ridi soil. The principal soils on the interior
hills and mountains of Jamaica may be enumerated
thus : — A red clay on a white marl ; a ditto on a
grit ; a reddish brown ditto, on marl ; a yellowish clay
mixed with common mould ; a red grit ; a loose con-
chaceous mould ; a black mould on a clay or other sub-
strate ; a loose black vegetable mould on rock ; a fine
sand ; and the varieties of all the foregoing. The
mountain land in general, when first cleared of its
wood, possesses more or less a deep surface of rich
black mould, mixed with shell, a soil which will grow
any thing.
The brick mould soil of Jamaica (which is a com-
pound of very fine particles of clay, sand, and black
mould,) is of very great depth, and is considered by
far the best for cultivation ; it is always easily la-
boured, so inexhaustible as to reejuire no manure, in
very dry seasons it retains a moisture sufficient to
preserve the cane root from perishing, and in very
wet it suffers the superfluous waters to penetrate, so
that the roots are never in danger of being rotted.
Next in fecundity is the black shell mould, previously
mentioned, which owes its fertility to the mineral
salts and exuviae intermingled with it. The soil
about Kingston on the alluvial plain, consists of a
layer of deep mould, chiefly composed of decayed vege-
table matter, with a portion of marl and some car-
bonate of lime, entirely free from gravel, and highly
absorbent of water : the substratum varies, being
sometimes of a compact aluminous earth alone, in
other places mixed with gravel ; in sinking a shaft,
layers of aluminous earth and gravel are found, run-
ning horizontally, approaching to pure clay at the
bottom, and at four feet from the surface a strata of
finely divided silica. About Stony-hill garrison, the
surface is similar to what is frequently met with in
elevated situations in Jamaica, namely, a superstra-
tum of rich dark mould, varying in depth from two
to 20 inches, witii c'' substratum of argillaceous and
red earth, evidciHly containing a mixture of carbonate
of iron ; and in nany parts the surface of the ground
studded with lime stones of a very large size. Silver
and gold mica is frequent, especially among the hills
between St. Catherine's and Sixteen Mile-Walk, and '
when washed down with the floods mistaken for gold
sand : — near Spanish Town it is found incorporated
with Potter's clay. Mixed and purplish schistus are
common in the mountains of St. John's, and about
Bull Bay, and the hard lamellated amianthus is found
in large detached masses, having all the appearance of
petrified wood. The lower mountains E. of Kingston
are principally composed of a whitish bastard marble,
with a smooth even grain, taking a good polish, and
frequently used in Jamaica for lime stone. Long
Mountain, near Kingston, is entirely composed of car-
bonate of lime. White free stone, quartz of different
species, and lime stone are abundant, — subcrystalline
spar is found in small detached masses, and rock spar,
very clear, may be seen formed into rocks of prodigious
size in the mountains of St. Ann's, where it is ob-
served to constitute whole strata. When exposed
any time to the weather the surface grows opaquo,
and of a milky white. Friable white marl and clammy
marl, or ahoo earth, (of an apparently smooth, greasy,
and cohesive nature,) are found, and the latter some-
times eaten by the negroes when they are diseased, to
the great detriment of health.
The lead ore of Jamaica is extremely rich and heavily
impregnated with silver; several varieties have beoii
found, and indeed, worked at Liguana, where also
striated antimony is obtainable ; in the lower moun-
tains of Liguana every variety of copper ore (14 dii- 1
JAMAICA.— METEOnOLOnV.
ica (which is a corn-
lay, sand, and hlack
nd is considered l)y
is always easily la-
(juire no manuie, in
loisture sufficient to
:rishing, and in very
Iters to penetrate, so
iger of being rotted,
lell mould, previously
tility to the mineral
1 with it. The soil
1 plain, consists of a
losed of decayed vege-
t marl and some car-
m gravel, and highly
itratum varies, being
inous earth alone, in
1 ; in sinking a shaft,
gravel are found, run-
to pure clay at the
the surface a strata of
tony-hill garrison, the
cquently met with in
, namely, a superstra-
ng in depth from two
m of argillaceous and
a mixture of carbonate
; surface of the ground
'ery large size. Silvt r
fcially among the hills ^
[ixteen Mile-Walk, and
)ods mistaken for gold
is found incorporated
I purplish schistus are
St. John's, and about
led amianthus is found
g all the appearance of
Lintains E. of Kingston
i/hitish bastard marble,
ing a good polish, ami
or lime stone. Lonj;
Sirely composed of car-
one, quartz of different
indant,— subcrystallinc
masses, and rock spar,
into rocks of prodigious
Ann's, where it is ob-
trata. When exposed
[surface grows opaque,
,rhite marl and clammy
irently smooth, greasy,
[l, and the latter somc-
■n they are diseased, to
Iremely rich and heavily
|ral varieties have boon
Liguana, where also
^; in the lower moun-
[of copper ore (14 dii-
feront species) is in profusion, in particular the green
and livid, and the shining dark copper ores; in the
more mellow matrices, yellow mundick (mnrchasites),
is largely mixed. In the mountains above Bull Bay,
n dark iron sand, attracted by the magnet, is found ;
neither gold nor silver ore has yet been discovered,
though it is certain the natives possessed those metals
in abundance when first visited by Columbus and the
i early Spanish settlers. In the river Minho in Claren-
I don particles of gold have been found after heavy rains.
[Brown states that gold and silver ores have been dis-
[covered at Liguana; and Gage speaks (in If;,'),')) of
the mines producing " some gold, though drossic."
V. The heat of Jamaica is by no means so fearful
fiB has been represented ; even on the coast it is tem-
erate, the medium at Kingston throughout the year
fceing 80 F. and the minimum 70. As the country is
Iscpnded the temperature of course decreases ; eight
miles from Kingston the maximum is 70, and at the
distance of fourteen miles, where the elevation is
4,200 feet, the average range is from 55 to 65 F. the
minimum in winter 44, and a Are in the evening not
only agreeable but necessary. On the summits of the
mountains the range in summer is from 47 at sunrise
to 58 at noon, the minimum in winter 42. The heat of
• tropical climate is materially mitigated by unre-
mitted breezes from sea or land, .i id by vast masses
igi clouds, which, interposing betwien the sun's rays
tnd the earth, prevent any great inconvenience there-
jR-oin. The air is remarkably light and enlivening,
roducing great cheerfulness even in old age, and so
lual in its pressure that it rarely varies more than
inch at any time of the year. Although the tem-
trature alternates eight or ten degrees on the south
|deof the mountains, and more so on the north, it is not
abject to the sudden and detrimental transitioi\s ex-
crienced in South Carolina, and other parts of the
Initcd States. From July to October is the hurricane
feason, hut severe storms at the Windward Caribbec
lies- arc not felt at Jamaica. The quantity of rain
[illing in the year is nearly 50 inches. For two or
irce months precceding the May rains, lightning and
lunder are prevalent, but not very mischievous ; and
lorn November to March, when the sea-breeze is ir-
Egular northerlv winds blows, becoming colder as
[ley recede towa. ds the west ; during this season the
Ir is delicious, resembling the finest English vernal
feather. The seasons are divided into four, — viz.
ernal or moderate rains, in April and May, lasting
|x weeks; the second, hot and dry, including June,
aly, and August ; the third, hurricane and rainy
jioths, embracing September, October, and November;
id the fourth, serene and cool, comprising Decem-
er, January, February and March.
There is, however, considerable difference of climate
either side of the island ; on the south it may l)e
kid that spring ranges through the months from
tovember to April ; summer from May to August,
nd winter from September to October ; while on the
Drth side winter ranges from Octolier to March ; the
Drth has a larger supply of rain than the south, but
Istributed in smaller and more freijuent showers, and
1 is cooler, and with a vegetation of greater bulk and
Eight. At Stony Hill garrison, nine miles from King-
Ion, and 2000 feet above the sea, the thermometer
Jnges during the hot months from 74" to 82", and
ring the cold months from Gi'fi to "3". The follow-
|g Meteorological Register for Up-Park Camp is
Bui Sir J. Mc. Gregor's oUice. — Mititaiy Med. Uept.
bo
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.r.-.i.T COQOINM— 'ClMlMiMOCiOO
pajV t^»~(Xioocoooaoooaooo«>.t^
XBpV OOQOCDQOOOQOOOOOQOOOCOOO
^ h S <; S .^ ^ < M O ^ Q
On the southern side of the island, the sea breeze
from the south-eastward comes on in the morning,
and gradually increases till noon, when it is strongest;
at two or three in the afternoon its force diminishes,
and in general it entirely ceases by five o'clock.
About eight in the evening the land breeze begins ;
this breeze extends to the distance of four leagues to
the southward of the island. It increases until mid-
night, and ceases about four in the morning.
The sea and land breeze are pretty regular from
the latter end of Januaiy u itil May. In the middle of
May the sea-breeze gene' ly prevails for several days
and nights, espcciall'- jout the times of full and
change of the moon, ,ind thus they continue through-
out June and part of July : from that time the sea-
breeze diminishes, and veers round to S. by W. or S.
S.W., with frequent calms. August, September, and
October, have generally strong gales of wind, with
much rain.
In December, January, and February, when the
north winds prcdommate, their force checks the sea-
breeze. The southern coast is that, which, of course,
is least exposed to these winds, being sheltered in a
great measure by the mountains. When combined
with the land breeze they render the air very cold and
unhealthy.
On the northern side of the island, during the
greatest part of July, and the whole of August, the
southerly or sea-breeze, generally blows hard off the
land, with frequent stpialls ; but in October northerly
winds prevail, and frecjuently extend over all the
Bahamas and Cuba ; and for some time on the north
side of Jamaica, where the current of air is forced
upwards by the mountains, and its strength spent in
the heights ; but it occasionally reaches the southern
coast, particularly in the neighbourhood of Kingston,
and has been known to continue for some days.
JAMAICA,— CLIMATE AND DISF.ASFIS.
li
During the wintrr spason the land-breeze is more
general off the slioic timn in suinnur; nnd it some-
times continues through tlio day as well as night.
Westerly winds prevail idso all over the whole space
between Jamaica and Cuba, and even so far as the
Island of Hayti.
On the south side of the island, during the month
of November, southerly winds generally blow, and
have been known to extend from the Mosquito shore.
These winds ore usually foint ; nor do they reach the
land until it be heated by the sun, and soon after
mid-day are often expelled by a fresh land-breeze,
which also abates in a few hours.
The return of the sea-breeze in autumn is gradual ;
it first approaches the east end, then advances a little,
not unfrequently reaching Morant Point a fortnight
or more before it is felt above Kingston. It also con-
tinues to blow a week or two later on the east end
of the island than at Kingston. ; and has been known
in some years to prevail there in the day-time, during
the whole time it was unfelt at the former place.
That the climate of Jamaica has undergone great
change since the cultivation of the isle is most true.
From Mr. Needham's journal, kept at Mount Olive, in
the pariah of St. Thomas in the Vale, I find that the
thermometer is noted January 5th at .50" — " whole
day cold." Governor Modyford, in a letter to Lord
Arlington, then, in 1665, Secretary of State, observes,
with regard to the healthiness of the island, that
" the officers of the old ormy, from strict saints, are
turned debosht devils ;" and, " really, my Lord," he
adds, " no man hath died but an account hath been
given — y' e gott his decease either by surfeitts or
travelling at high noone in a hott day — or being wett
with rain, and not changing in season. The Spaniards,
at their first coming, (I mean those who trade with
the Royall Company) wondered much at the sickness
of some of our people ; but when they understood of
the strength of their drinks, and the great quantity
they charged themselves with, and the little observa-
tion of time and seasons, they told me they wondered
more they were not all dead. Their health and cheer-
fulness depending upon their ter.iperance, which being
my natural disposition, I doubt not, but will continue
me capable to serve his Majestic," &c. &c. Of late
years the yellow fever has almost, if not quite, disap-
peared from Jamaica and the other West India Islands.
That the climate is not inimical to the human con-
stitution is evident from the long lives and good health
which Europeans and negroes enjoy who live tempe-
rately, — and indeed intemperance, which in more
temperate climates would be punished with death,
here too often and too long escapes with impunity.
A negro and a negress recently died at Jamaica, aged
each 140 years !
At Trelawney-Maroon Town, which is situate on a
very high mountain in the interior of the island, be-
tween the parishes of Westmoreland and St. James
the thermometer seldom or ever rises higher than 7 1
or 72 at noon, falling during the night and eariy part
of the morning as low as 50 and 52. The troops
stationed here have for several years enjoyed as good
if not indeed a better state of health than they would
perhaps have experienced in any other part of the
world ; and, in 1 795, when the yellow fever was at its
acme in Jamaica, the men and officers of a newly-raised
regiment (83rd) did not lose a man by fever at this
station. That there have been j)eriods of great sick-
ness and mortality in Jamaica is too true. The com-
parative health of the different Military stations at a
period of unusual sickness — namely, for six years
ding in IH22,
is thus
Avcraf;o
shown :—
station.
StrenKih.
Deaths.
Ratio.
Up I'ark Camp
554;l
1100
1 in 5
Stony Mill
1878
163
1 in Wk
Port Royal
1(151
J 90
1 in 81
Fort Augusta
2024
126
I in 16
Spanish Town
18H5
30U
1 in 6\
Port Antonio
814
124
1 in 6^
Port Maria
115
30
1 in .'it
Falmouth
7o;»
65
1 in lOj
Maroim Town
576
1>
1 in 64
Lucea
417
29
1 in 14i
Savannah le Mar 'i'A\
47
1 in 7
Montego Bay
117
10
1 in lOi
The following detail shows the strength of the Eurojieaii
troops employed in Jamaica, the number of deaths,
and the annual ratio of decrement by death per cent,
per annum, from the year 1818 to 1828 inclusive; by
which it will be observed that, in 1828, the ratio ol
loss was small, owing to the judicious arrangements ol
Sir James M'Grcgor, seconded by the Medical Staff.
Ratio of
Ratio of
«P" t'
Yrs.
Strenpth.
Deo.
Loss.
Yrs.
Strength,
Dec.
Loss.
TJiliteri
1412
4826
474
9.8
1822
2400
441
18.3
j^lowi
1813
4128
371
8.9
1823
2476
155
6.2
|Kars {
1814
3902
322
8.2
1824
3150
235
7.4
181.1
43;tl
336
7-7
1825
2fi44
777
21). 3
181(3
4235
431
10.2
1826
2237
176
7.3
1817
4322
317
7.3
1827
3083
636
20. (i
1818
302.'i
230
7.6
1828
2700
192
7.1
Div
1819
m>9
2,')l(i
754
301
25.4
11.8
Mean
3287
438
13.3 ■
182U
1821
2885
310
10.6
1
^Km Morm
S. (strength), D. (deaths), R. (ratio of loss), 01
H.M. y2nd regiment in Jamaica, from 1819 to 1827.
S. 650, D. 280, R. 43. S. 370, D. 22, R. 6. S. 348,
D. 30, R. 8-6. S. 318, D. 24, R. 7-5. S. 294, D. H,
R. 2-7. S. 286, D. 16, R. 6. S. 270, D. 24, R. 8-8.
S. 246, D. 10, R. 4. S. 236, D. 4, R. 1-7.
The strength, mortality, and centesimal ratio of
mortality of the British troops employed in Jamaica
and Honduras, as also of the Colonial Troops em-
ployed in Jamaica, Honduras, Windward and Leeward
Islands, from 1810 to 1828.
Troops of the Line.
Colonial Troops (Afr.)
A
*•-« ■
.d
01
to
a
0)
ID
o5
IS
|,
1
>
IB
Q
BJQ
to
Q
«o
1810
2952
371
12.5
4841
163
3.3
1811
3006
413
13.7
4610
291
6.3
1812
3131
504
16.0
5143
281
6.4
1813
28/8
402
13.9
4898
325
6.6
1814
3621
341
9.4
3661
266
7.2
1815
3129
374
11.9
5727
325
6.6
1816
4485
459
10.2
5319
450
8.4
I8I7
2179
321
14.7
2584
180
7.0
1818
1956
207
10.5
2299
98
3.9
I8I9
1910
800
41.8
1528
123
80
1820
1788
295
16,5
1414
89
4.1
1821
2116
446
21.0
1321
48
3.0
1822
2128
311
14.6
1306
65
5.0
1823
2086
174
8.3
1229
5I>
4.9
1824
2500
251
10.0
1185
22
1.H
1825
1697
802
47.2
995
29
3.0
1826
2110
165
7.8
1108
44
4.0
1827
2132
640
30.0
1163
54
4.0
1828
2243
184
8.2
1403
59
4 2
Total. .
48045
7460
56734
2938
Mean ol
19 years
} 252h
392
15.5
2733
153
5.5
JAMAICA.— rOrULATlON.
wn : —
:ath8.
Ratio.
100
1 in h
U);(
1 ill lU
190
1 in 8!
12 r.
1 ill ir.
300
1 ill (iV
121
1 ill l\h
30
lin H
65
1 in lOil
'J
1 in 64
2a
1 in U\
47
1 in 7
10
1 in 104
:rength of the E«r();«>rt>i
he numl)er of dcnths,
cnt by death per cent,
i to 182« incUisive; by
, in 1828, the ratio of
licious arrangements of
by the Medical Staff.
Ratio of
, StrenRth.
2400
24/6
siriO
2644
22:17
3083
2700
in 3287
Dec.
441
155
235
777
176
636
192
438
Loss.
18.3
6.2
7.4
29.;l
7.:i
20.()
7.1
13.3
R. (ratio of loss), of
ica, from 1819 to 1827.
0, D.22, 11. 6. S. 348,
R. 7-5. S. 294, D. 8,
S. 270, D. 24, R. 8-8.
D. 4, R. 1-7.
,nd centesimal ratio of
s employed in Jamaica
Colonial Troops eni-
ndward and LeewarJ
Colonial Troops (Afr.)
i
Q
a
•2tS
S
Q
£0
4841
163
3.3
4610
291
6.3
5143
281
5.4
4898
325
6.6
3661
266
7.2
5727
325
6.6
5319
450
8.4
2584
180
7.0
2299
98
3.9
1528
123
80
1414
59
4.1
1321
48
3.6
1306
65
5.0
1229
51)
4.9
11H5
22
1.8
995
29
3.0
1108
44
4.0
1163
54
4.0
1403
59
4 2
56734
21133
153
2733
5,5
VI. Wc have no authentic accounts of the Indian
[population 011 the island when first visited by Co-
jluinbus; all accounts agree in reiircsenting it ns
(densely peopled — within half a century they had all
Iccased to exist! Las Casas says— " They hanged
Ithcse unfortunates by 13, in honour of the 13 Apos-
|ties; — I have beheld them throw the Indian infants
|to their dogs, — I have heard the Spaniards borrow the
ilimb of an human being to feed their dogs, and next
iay return a quanerto the lender 1" The original Spa-
nish colony consisted of 70 persons, whose numbers
vere rapidly increased by emigration, until the riches
of the main land caused Jamaica to be comparatively
neglected, and the incursions of freebooters rendering
property insecure checked population. It would ap.
pear that the Spaniards began early to import negro
(laves, but on the capture of the island by the British
1655, Venablcs stated the whole population to be,
lot more than 1,500 Spaniards and Portuguese, and
tst\ eciual number of negroes and mulattoes, although
Spain had been 146 years in possession of the island.
The troubles in England during the commonwealth
and the early years of the restoration, contributed
tttcrially to people our western colonies, and the
Allowing is a census of the whole island about seven
ears after the conquest : —
Divisions.
Men.
reclncts of Port
^Morant
Jnrant
lallah
Llgonee (now Li-
guana)
It. JagoTown
llack River, Bow-
e. '8, Savannah,
&c
kngells
(even Plantations,
Ray of Mncario,
jc Quathabacoa.
Jimnaboa & Guar-
daleonc
Cagua
16a
122
207
553
207
138
216
351
400
Wo-
men.
Chil.
drcn.
53
14
36
139
52
17
IS
41
38
150
37
17
19
135
42
10
14
48
26
80
2458 454 448
Ne- 'smnilof! Acrei
grocs.' Anni. I planted
126
S3
54
31
32
24
46
45
03
40
514
99
35
53
121
38
38
50
95
89
100
618
467
129
353
480
83
128
133
205
610
2588
In the year 1658, whites, 4,500; slaves, 1,400.
1670, whites, 7,500; slaves, 8,000. 1698, whites,
^365 ; slaves, 40,000. 1734, whites, 7,644 ; slaves,
P6,146. 1746, whites, 10,000; slaves, 112,428. 1768,
vhites, 17,947; slaves, 176,914. 1775, whites,
|2,737; free coloured, 4093 ; slaves, 192,787. 1788,
vhites, 23,000; free coloured, 4,093 ; slaves, 256.000.
From the year 1702 (when the importation was
boo, to 1774, when the importation was 18,000) the
Jiumber of slaves imported into Jamaica was half a
fiiliion, of which 130,000 were re-exported, and of
|hose retained in the island not more than 19,000
vere alive in 1775. For at least 50 years it was com-
buted that Jamaica required an annual supply of
Jo, 000 slaves to provide against the wear and tear of
life that went on.
The number of slaves in Jamaica at the expiration
bf each year, from 1800 to 1817 was— 1800, 300,939 ;
801,307,094; 1802,307,199; 1803,308,668; 1804,
^08,542; 1805, 308,775; 1806, 312,341; 1807,
119,351; 1808, 323,827; 1809, 323,704; 1810,
113,683; 1811, .S26,830 ; 1812, 319,912; 1813,
H7,424; 1814, 315,385; 1815, 313,814; 1816,
114,038; 1817, 346,150.
From 1817 to 1829,
the Slave Populatioi
was
—
i
InrrenRC
by Uirth.
necrcft'io
by Death.
Decrease
by Manu-
mission.
i
.
8
I
8
•a
1
1
■3
1
a
iS
73
1
>>
a
h
H
■K
ii;
a
&
X
h
1817
17.3:1111
172831
3(6160
..
1S2(I
1704 0(1
irn.iifi
;t l-2:iH-:
12201' 121 16
13423' 1 1681
366
650
ih-j:i
I(l6.'i9.^
KiiKiSH
3;i62.'.;i
I16K5I 11681
14030
12321
371
650
IHifi
16272(1
I(i8:i9:t
33111!)
Il(!ll4 11122
13520
11650
3lfl
Oil
1829
158254
164167
322421
109861 10742
13435
11702
362
755
The following imperfect view of the population of
Jamaica I prepared from various documents laid be-
fore the Finance Committee of 1828.
•939SSI3
lie JO iBjox
•asiBuiojjoiujo.i,
-H 10 %0
U3 CD
.g.O)...© ©..•
■sorsw JO IBJOl
« c« n pi
:S :S : : :f : : : : : :2 : : :
i
•IBlox
3SS SnS SS 1 S
. i>.tc 01 . 10 n CO . .!>.© .© . -f . •
•gaiBuiaa
:S :S? : : :S : : : : :3S : : :
•S3IBW
« I'. 10
.o.u^...x St3..*
.to.n***eo ©9>..-
T3
u
•HHoj,
•B31BUI0J
• dnn .©so . .OQ .0 .© .©
. *o « . © ^ . . © 01 .0 . © . t-*
iACit>. cc — c* -^ -^ © (5 o>
•J? -s • ■ •"* si • • •
•BSinw
:S3 :S :::§:::: :§S :: :
M « <-« 10 OO
CO
V
'2
If
•I«loi
.-«OtO .©OOl. .©CO .© .© .0
.«>o— .© — CO . .irtco .1^.© .^
^— CO 10^— -11.0 *0 Oi «o
■SSIOUIOJ
.— .N.-.CO ©jg...
■BOIBW
.©.-^...^o ©— ...
•"•§•• -2! S? • • •
•S3nw SJBnbs
u] n3jv
— I^M © Oi 00 tf? — CO
a
a
1
Kingston, Surry county
St. George, ditto
St. David, ditto
Port Roval, ditto
St. Andrew, ditto ..
St. Thomas in the East, ditto
Portland, ditto
Veie, Middlesex county
St. Ann, ditto
Clarendon, ditto
St. Dorothy, ditto . .
St. Mary, ditto
Manchester, ditto . .
Westmoreland, Cornwall ..
St. Elizabeth, ditto ..
Trelawney, ditto
St. James, ditto
Hanover, ditto
■s3nano3
•Xjjns 'xssaippiw •ir8*n.>o3
The B.B. (blue books) at the Colonial Office afford
no details of the present state of the population.
The only return given is the following, in which the
births are out of all proportion to the burials, parti-
cularly if the above table of the increase by birth and
decrease by death of the slave population be examined ;
where the deaths (especially of the males) preponde-
rated so much over the births. A complete census of
Jamaica, made yearly, is much to be desired.
JAMAICA.— I'OrUF.ATION.
r,
II '
I i
nirths, Mnri
ingcs, and Burials. fll.H. lH3f., p.
ir,7.]
Counties.
I'nrishes.
i
1
in
■a
•c
St. Cnthcriiie
171
21,^
147
5(i«
.'■).').'■>
07
20H
.'■)3
(;o7
u;
KiO
48
vr,
50
148
128
i(;2
24 ;»
'J4
141
2r.i
15
254
510
Ui'J
St. Thonuts in the Vnlo .
St. John
18
1'
St. Dorothy*
Middlesex.
St. Anne
35
St. Mary*
Manclu'ster
Clarendon
12
7
Vere
137
523
2f..'
28;<
270
5<JJ
201
29fi
'2'J2
13H
37s
10H4
7
Kingston
51<)
St. David's
12
1?
Surry.
Port Royal
St. Andrew
21
100
St. Thomas in the East .
Porttaiul
39
3y
St. Jamos
173
Hanover
(!'.*
Cornwall.
r.o
Westmoreland
St. Elizabeth
Total
7(i
33
(;5<jo
3267
1413
* Returns not sent in.
Statement by Counties and Parishes of the number
of Apprenticed Labourers returned for Jamaica, by the
Valuators on the Abolition of Slavery, distinguishing
the number of Pricdials rei)ortcd by them in each
Parish, the nund)er of Children released under six
years of age, and the number of cdd and disabled
persons. — King's House, Jamaica, February 9, 1838.
cn
(ft
■3
• '3 f •-
o
Parishes.
3
U
CU
f,
s-
r
St. Catlierine
1136
2841
1242
406
8525
St. Jolin
511)1
116
73;
222
6176
M
jt. Dorothy .
39H()
447
720
217
5383
IT
St. Mary
i6r.\g
ifioa
2528
2161
22736
^i
St. Ana
IHUiI'2
2271
3550
705
25128
•a
Vere
fi;o.'i
192
1067
413
8377
s
Clarendon
12195
1048
1885
777
i.'.gos
Manchester .
14595
774
2620
785
18774
«
St. Thomas (Vale)
7830
810
1226
502
10368
89592
10107
15475
6198
121372
St. David
5882
442
948
336
7608
Port Royal .
4402
80-
852
203
6264
b
St. Thomas lEast)
1()8J1
1996
29.34
1018
22799
fc<
St. (Jeorge .
8()20
983
1369
788
11760
03
Portland
4848
695
834
498
6875
Kingston
2-r,
1064-
1545
111
12578
.
St. Andrew .
9858
1814
1739
374
13785
50736
17384
10221
3328
81669
• f
Trelawny .
17289
1671
2914
1168
25042
g
Westmoreland
13862
1934
2431
1744
19971
M
Hanovcr
16094
908
2449
1101
20552
St. James
15029
3094
2654
1127
21904
o L
St. Elizabeth
Total Jamaica .
I40«7
2046
2755
990
19858
78341
9653
13203
6130
107327
218669
37144
38899
15656
310368
A Statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the clas.ses of Pra;dial-nttnched, Pricdial-unattached,
and Non-Pnedial. [Parliamentary Ucturn to the
House of Lords, March, 1838.]
■s .
a
-•2 a
^a
- w
'</]
Classes.
6^1
s.!"
Total.
V
iil
us Z
Q
Praedial
Attached.
Ill ml Pcoiilo ..
1 Iradosnien
1 Inferior ditto ..
1101:1
11244
26;i5
.i.' 135727
351902
5 1511
No. of Slaves,
19:(S1I8.
Amount
*'4509927.
Field Labourers
10-053
2848836
Inferior ditto ..
63923
818946
Mead Peojilc.. ..
Tradesmen
1329
1133
41254
35759
No. of Slaves,
1955H.
Amiiuiit
1'46I321.
Jr a
Inferior ditto . .
Field I.alinnrer.s
322
ii6;o
6728
3I0I3I)
Inferior ditto .
SlUl
(>7I52
tJ .
Mead People ..
1759
,11455:
Infr. TrudCKnien
7«o
10U45
■3
Head I', employ.
ed on wiiarls,
sliipiiing, or
other ttvoca-
tions
Inf. People ditto
1428
001
43229
20140
No. of Slaves,
36831.
Amonnt
1882724.
A
Head Doraeslie
Servants ....
12883
37,5619
Inlr. Domestics
Children under
six years ol
age on the l.st
lyosa
372D33
J
August, 1834..
39013
214368
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
non-effective
15692
67998
Runaways ....
1075
13593
Number of claims havlnp; reference to e.ich division.
Prncdial attached, 5562; Prwdial unattached, 1798: Non.
pnudiai, 9075 The p.veragc value of each slave sold from
1K22 to 1830 was 44/. 15.V. 'i^d. ; and tlie average compensa-
tion awarded was 19/. I5s. \'id. on each slave.
It is impossible to state with accuracy the actual
population of Jamaica ; no recent census has been
completed ; the number of whites is estimated at
35,000; of maroons, about 1,200; of free coloured,
70,000 ; and the apprentices, ulim slaves, as above.
Half a million of mouths, would give sercnty-eii^ht
persons to the square mile, a remarkably small pro-
portion, particularly in comparison with Harbadoes,
where there are sijc hundred to the square mile.
VII. The efforts for the extension of religion have
been great : the outlay by the colonial government
for the purpose is considerable, viz., nearly 25,000/.
per annum. The Bishop of Jamaica (whose see ex-
tends over the Bahamas and Honduras) has 4,000/.
.sterling per annum, and the Archdeacon 2,000/. ditto.
There are 21 rectors, and altogether of clergymen of
the established church, 57. The Scots Presbyterian
clergymen are in number four, the Wesleyan ditto,
about 24, the Baptist ditto 16, and the Moravian 8.
The crown livings in Jamaica were in the gift of the
governor, in virtue of his station as such. They r.re
now in the gift of the bishop. Pluralities are not
permitted. The apprentice is entitled to demand the
gratuitous services of the clergy.
No return in the Colonial Office of the Dissenting
Missions ; the following relates to the Established
Church alone : —
St. George's
Haves for whom
I of the Numlier
cnsntion, and of
rilud in encli of
•dial-unnttachccl,
lleturn to the
JAMAICA.— RELIGION.
Return of the number of Churches, Livings, &c. of Jamaica in tH.^C.
rn.n.]
Total.
(is
^ No. of Slaves,
Amount
Jt'45UUU27-
No. of Slaves,
vjr,r,H.
Aiiiimnt
No. of Slaves,
JtiSJ*.
Amount
1H827-J4.
to each division,
ched, I7«« : Non-
[cli slave sold from
vcrage comiiensa.
avc.
iracy the actual
I census has been
is estimated at
)f free coloured,
llaves, as above.
Ive sercnty-eiu:ht
)ably small pro-
[with Uarbadoes,
luai'c mile.
j( religion have
tial government
nearly 2,'),000/.
(whose see ex-
^as) has 4,000/.
)n 2,000/. ditto.
If clergymen of
Its Presbyterian
|,Vesleyan ditto,
le Moravian 8.
the gift of the
ich. They r.re
|-alities are not
to demaiul the
J the Dissenting
Ihc Established
8
h°
)use. I
4J
sge-
ding.
^
1
a
w
33
OJ
Church, where
c .|
c a
t v.
Chapel, where
il
1
Parish.
l3
o
1
■s
situated.
li
^t
situated.
S.8
^t
3
eg"
HI
3
•a
a
o
6 'f
°1
*Sr2
6 '*
*3|
>
£
'A
y, «
/,
y. «
St. I'ntheriiK'
100
""*"
—
Spanish Town
1200
1000
(^aynianims
200 L.
150
St. Jo!;n
94
£(•,40
yes.
yes. JGunabon
150
1.50
Worthy Park
300
250
St. Dorotii/
(.3
(iOO
yes.
yes. jOld Harbour
250
50
Old Harbour Bay
250
200
St.Th.intheVale
r.7
973
none
none] — —
4.'>0
200
-
500
200
St. Mary
fioo
750
yes.
yes.
Port Maria
200
100
Highgate
Brawn's Town
Moseley Hall
300
300
500 L.
300
150
400
CJnreiidon
300
—
—
— Chapclton
f.OO
—
Walton
150 L.
V'ero
92
—
yes.
yes. Alley
300
—
Lime Savanna
300
1.50
Manchester
20
HOC
yes.
yes.
Mandevillf
700
500
May Hill
Carpenter's Monts
Mile Gully
Chew Magun
500
500
500
300 L.
(iOO
600
450
250
Kingston
f)
1,500
none
none
Kingston Parade
1000
900
East Street
1400
1200
St. Anircws
121
900
none
yes. Halfway Tree
300
250
Hope & St. James
St. Thos. t-ast
iy<i
976
yes.
nonejMorant Bay
500
400
Bath
400
400
Golden Grove
400
400
Mauchionedl
1000
1000
.St. David
71
750
yes.
yes.
Yallahs Bay
350
150
none
St. lieorge's
140
—
— -
Butr Bay
400
500
Hope Bay
Annotto Bay
350
300
350
300
Portland
21
S.'jO
none
none! Port Antonio
500
1200
-
Port Royal
40
—
—
— Port Royal
—
—
Mavis Bank
200
150
Tielawny
2(14
750
yes.
none Falmouth
500
300
Rio Bueno
300
120
Stewart Town
300
120
St. James
227
1400
yes.
yes.
Montego Bay
1400
1-200
Marley
COO
550
Hanover
212
—
—
- -
—
700
- -
Westmoreland
KlU
—
—
—
Savalamur
—
700
Darlaston
Bt. Elizabeth
213
2400
yes.
yes.
Black River
750
750
Luscovia
Potsdam L.
Berlin L.
Belle Vue I.
Shannon Hill L.
800
700
250
500
.Vn/p. The value of the Livings are expressed in Jamaica currency, and include the fixed salaries, fees, value
of parsonage houses and glebes, or the allowances made for the same by the Parochial Vestries. The letter
L. iiidirates that the place is only licensed for Divine Worship, and not a consecrated chapel. In some cases
the congregations far exceed the accommodation, vide Portland.
The Church Expenditure amounted, in 1832, to
41, '128/.; 1833, 37,998/.; 1834, 40,009/.; 1835,
;i7,,'.ifi/. ; 183C, 59,859/. Total, 217,410/.
v'lll. Education is rapidly extending under the aid of
tlic liome and local government, as well as with the
assistance of private individuals. In the expenditure
liiKl-et of the island for 1831, there is nearly 10,000/.
allotted for free schools. In 1821, the public or free
schools and scholars were. Schools, 23 ; Male Scho-
lars, 1,12;; Female, 912; Total, 2,037. In 1827,
the number of Scholars was 3,.')00.
The Expenditure for the Schools, in 1332, was
'.'.034/.; 1833,9,595/.; 1834,9,592/.; 1835,9,776/.;
In3r,, lo,G92/. Total, 48,089/.
A detailed report of the state of Educction in Ja-
maica in 1837, was made to Government in 1838 by
J. C. latrobe, Esq. who was sent out by the secre-
tary of State to enquire into the subject. From
this report the two following tables are derived.
The number of persons receiving instruction stated in
the first table — " gives rather too favourable an im-
pression of the state of education"— (Rept. p. 15).
Three-fourths of the scholars in attendance upon day
schools, are ''ree childen of apprentices — and one-
fourth childrc . of poor free coloured people and of
Maroons. Mr. Latrobe remarked universally througli-
out his tour of the ei.t're island, that the children of the
coloured classes of every shade, evinced a remarkable
facility for the attainment of the rudiments of such
branches of instruction as are taught them — particu-
larly in writing and arithmetic — their progress in
these being "truly extraordinary" — [p. 11 Rept.J
Many of the country schools are carried on almost
entirely through the agency of the more advanced
day scholars.
The great majority of the Sunday and Evening
schools are attended by young or adult apprentices.
The want of private schools of a superior order, in
which the higher classes of the island could receive a
liberal education, is much dwelt on by Mr. Latrobe,
and the absence of a college, or some institution
sanctioned by the legislature, deplored. The private
seminaries are little better than the dame scliools in
England.
^1
,1
If
ii'
'. t-
'
10
JAMAICA— KPrCATION.
iJlil
Number of Scholars rccrivinft In«tniction in the vnrioiit Srhoot« throughout the IitUnd of Jamalcn, and
the Amount of Apprcntic»'« atti-nding the Duy Schools in |H37. (Mr. l4»tr()lH'*n Krport to Lord Olcnilg,
House of Cfiminons, February S, 1H3H.)
PARISHES.
(A
U
Q
Q
•<5
O
U
Kingston •
St. Andrew
I'ort Royal
St. David -
St Thomas in the East
Portland -
St. George
St. Catharine
St. Dorothy
St. Thomas in the Vale
St. John -
St. Mary -
Clarendon
Vere
St. Ann -
Manchester
St. Elizabeth
Westmoreland
Hanover -
St. James -
Trelawncy
Total -
On the Hooks.
8
2r.3i
311
91
f)90
afio
579
128
iri4
55
613
238
217
405
1152
1023
03 fi
fi40
1137
950
1
a
9
75
1182
505
212
170
12H0
323
381
1124
281
50
1447
278
255
2274
1358
1727
llf)7
13r)5
2779
2712
o
o
t
a
5
150
CiO
20
357
33
20
211
152
509
92
30
402
808
14r>
570
332
720
f.9
Average Attend.
38f.3
870
212
284
2327
913
cm
1914
128
597
105
24f.9
fi08
502
308 1
3318
2896
2673
2337
4636
4354
1753
223
76
509
344
201
408
87
134
55
480
212
182
318
975
914
862
4h<)1
848
719
1
A
d
9
(A
1019
395
IHO
170
1038
253
370
955
235
50
1090
210
200
1027
1055
1370
U15
1 145
2035
2294
8
12S80 20870 5304138754 9789 16806
75
60
16
254
15
20
133
107
489
9
30i
293 1
602
117
470
222
717
234
o
H
2847
678
180
262
1801
612
591
1496
87
476
105
2059
514
412
2238
2632
2401
2447
1856
3600
3247
3 &
dl
r" 01 «
U it •
cj.a
1245
16
28
42
281
34
34
70
18
73
3946130541 4012 42766 8321
7108
892
212
284
2355
955
661
2195
1 62
597
105
2529
608
502
3115
3388
2952
2728
2337
4654
4427
I09't
171
84
513
253
112
310
108
94
II
386
179
205
281
1116
712
611
468
863
750
Stall of tl
'or 1
Mluluoarf I
The Soc. for
tlie (ioapt-l
( liiireh MUk
Wculcyan M
Moravian M:
Jlaptl«t MIhii
D". (Metros
Hp-'iiiBh Tl
Do. (Two.Sta
tiplicl and '
l.udicH' Ncyr
London Mtis
ScuttlHh Mini
Tlie Mfco Chj
The No. of
of Kingston,
Schools, a
1136. 3 Mien
120. 31 Gf
Vm. 9 Sur
Children; ir,
At least 1,5
Si
PARISHES.
App. accord, to
alua. Reiums
f 1834.
Free Children
f Apprentices,
834,
Total Appren.
nd Free Chil. of
f Appren. 1834.
§
1
1
C
■s
S
73
tn
•a
•1
12
■g
3
o
a
1
a
9
It
3
IS
a
>
6
7^
'C <fl
d
K* O
o —
St
H
Cfl
cc
Urn
y^
'A
55
'Kingston -
12531
1.507
14038
34000
14
8
86
108
10
8
1
86
\\.)U
St. Andrew
13586
1741
15327
6
2
1
8
7
5
2
1
15
;-
Port Royal
6128
791
6919
—
—
-
-
-
3
-
-
3
St. David -
7594
947
8.^)41
2
1
-
3
2
2
1
-
5
St. Thomas in the East
22790
2931
25721
11
7
2
20
12
8
3
2
2.S
w
Portland -
6869
833
7702
4
1
4
9
9
2
1
4
Ifi
St. George
11747
1368
13115
(A
5
2
-
7
6
6
1
-
lit
r St. Catherine -
8474
1136
9610
4
6
7
17
5
4
3
7
3
19
..
St. Dorothy
5354
703
6057
tJ
3
—
3
6
3
-
-
6
en
St. Thomas in the Vale
10352 1221
11573
P4
3
2
-
5
5
4
3
-
12
St. John -
6164
736
6900
%
2
-
2
1
2
-
-
:i
S^
St. Mary -
22737
2535
25272
■is
9
9
2
20
13
13
9
2
:i7
O
Clarendon
15996
1872
17868
9
7
1
-
8
6
4
4
-
14
Vere ...
8275
1071
9346
o
4
2
-
6
4
2
1
-
7
s
St. Ann -
24822
3509
28331
o
10
7
2
19
8
13
7
2
.?i)
Manchester
18662
2648
21310
9
14
3
26
17
7
9
3
3fi
r St. Elizabeth -
19673
2749
22422
19
11
3
33
24
10
4
3
41
ri
Westmoreland -
20003
2423
22426
13
10
3
26
16
11
9
3
3!)
<
Hanover - . -
20505
2429
22934
8
6
-
14
10
9
4
-
23
'<& .
St. James
21843
2655
24498
13
10
1
24
14
11
15
1
41
tA
Trelawney
Total -
25062
2949
28011
8
*153
5
7
20
11
15
18
7
124
51
O
309167
38754
347921
—
•104
124
381
183
139
95
541
Siir.
Purlsh
c
12
Sur.
Sur.
St. Th. in
Ditto
St. John
■Mancliest
Ditto
Vt'ie
Mid. l.St. Th. In
Ditto
jLlarendon
I Ditto
jSt. Mary
Mid. [Ditto
Siir. I'ort Roya
St. John'.s
St. Th. in
Mid
6ur.
* or these Numbers, 41 males and 6i females are persons of colour.
iVo/e.— S. P. G
A. F. S. Society
West India ihiai
.'ariiiary, 1836.
cost (in an aver;
aic held twice o
JAMAICA.— EDUCATION. 1 1
st.ite of the Rchnnl lioii««ii built, or iiropoaeil to bu built, with the Mil of the Parliamentary (irnntt of Ifinn and IH:irt,
'or NcKrii Kiliicutlnn. Krom Mr. I atrolio'* Krp<irt (o Loril lilonrlir, orderi'd by thi> II. C. .Mh Kib. ih ih.j
(itneral 8ui>orw)t«iulenc« In tba ialand.
llii' Soc. for the Prop, of
the Uonpt'l
( hurch MiaK. Society
W'cHleyan Mlii. Society
Moravian Miu. HcKlety
IhiptUt Mini. Society
1)11. iMt'trnp. SchuolK,
Sp-iniKh Town)
Do. (TwoStatlono, lleth-
tiphrl and WitldenHia)
l.adicH' Negru Ed. Sue.
London M is«. Society
Scottish MIhi. Society
The MIco Charity
IHaSt 1830:
^r&iio .eridu Miii6no
ISUO 8O0i
30U0
IftOO
111)0
ISO
3QU0
iMO
aooo
lino
1100
M)0
■iSO
4.500
1800
51U4.
8000
'i70o o
7»00l
1500
ih:i5 I
lit
3
1
(a)
1
>
10
vg The Lord Biihop of Jamaica.
10
40001 BS80
The No. of Sunday and Daily Schools in the Parish
of Kingston, with pupilH nndor Tuition in l«3f), was —
Schools, 2 VVolmcrs ; Scholars, C>21. 3 National ;
11.3f.. 3 Micoj .'■)90. I Baptist ; 2.')0. 1 Jamaica Union ;
IJd. 31 Gentlemcns' Private; 1137. .')'J Ladies';
i;)3y. <J Sunday; 1108. By Itinerant Tcachei-a and
Children; l.-iOO. Total, Schools WJ ; Scholars, 7707.
lit rhf Com. of the Jamaica \ux. Churok Miu. Society ;
I Kcv. K. Itctts, Nvcrt'tHry, Klnicnlon.
The .School Innpcctor, Iter. II. Ilvwiey, andtheChair.
man of the VV. M. C. Hcv.J. KdinondiKin, KinKiton.
The MIhh. Conf. In Jamaica) Huv. Jncoh Zom, Fiiir-
Held, Manclientcr, I'ri'nldvnt.
The Kesid. Misnionariui i Kev. W, hiirchcll, MontCKo
Hay i Kuv W. Knibb, Falmouth i Kev. J. M. (Mdl
lippi, Spanliih Town I and Kev. W. Uendy, Uetbti.
phel, Ht. James.
I'The Com. of the Ladies' Ne^ro Educ. Soc. Jamaica)
Mrs. Cooper, The Cruae, Secretary.
I The Com. of the London Mliia. Mm-. In Jamaica i Hor.
8. WoolrldKC, Weatmoreland, Chairman.
10 The Scottish Presbytery in Jamaica i Kev. U, Ulyth,
Hampden, Trelawncy, Secretary,
unspeciflod.
by Itinerant Teachers, ond Children belonging to the
dill'Licnt Schools, in the Kvenings during the week,
and on Sundays, from which they receive from each
from .Id. to Is. Hd. pur Week ; some of the Boys at
Wolmcrs Free School have two or three, others five
or six, under their tuition, and not only clothe them-
selves from what they gain by this employment, but
At least 1,500 individuals, chietiy adults, are taught I assist in clothing their brothers and sisters.
Schools In Jamaica (U. B. lH^b.^
Parish.
Siir.
Sur.
Where situated.
ist. Th
I Ditto
St. John
Mancliester
Ditto
Vcre
Mid. St. Th. In V
i Ditto
jClarcndon
Ditto
{St. Mary
Ditto
I'ort Royal
St. John's
St. Th. in E.
Sur.
Mid.
Sur.
Mid.
iuc.
a
P f Central School
Parade
] West Branch
I Oxford Street
Halfway tree
Istoiiey Hill
St. James
Short wood
ri.pine
in E.uVlorant Bay
I Ditto
I Lund as Vale
iMnndeviUe
Wear
Alley
Ciuy'8 Hill
2:1
How
supported.
Lenlstcrfleld
Ulilants
Esher
Highgate
Point Hill
Bath
iiUck River
Ditto
•
«
S.P.O.
Do.
Do.
Parish
ISO 5b Vol. C.
lOU 40 1)0.
100 lais. P. 1
225 204 Do.
100 ()4 Do.
3:1 Do.
20lno.
90 Do.
1)4 1 Do.
Do.
100
60'
100
1301
100106
120 llti
lOO'i /U
ISO: 35
120 25, Do.
Do.
Do.
A. F. S.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Parish
I'O.
Vol. C.
Parish
Do.
Do.
A. F. S.
Parish
A Return of Sabbath and other Schools coiuirctcd with the
Wcsleynn Mission in Jamaica upto3lat December IB.sS
(1). B IHilfi.)
Parishes.
Character of the
ScIiooIh, andwhcrc
situated.
T. Mitchel,esq.
100 105
40 156
20' 61)
Do.
A.F. S.
S.P.G.
1001 37|Do.
210 42 Parish
100; 65 S.P.G.
100 1 33
201250
30 152
'25,440
Do.
A.F.G.
Do.
Do.
30 20|S. P:G,
Parish
Do.
Do.
Xole.—S. P. G. Society for the propagnfion of the Gospel.
A. F. S. Society for advancing the Clirlstian Faith in the
West India islands. Tlic central school wiis established in
.lannary, 1836. The central and branch schools in Kingston
Kingston
St. James
Hanover
Trelawny
St. Andrew's
Portland
St. George's
St. Mary's
Clarendon
Verc
St. Anne's
Teachers.
Number of
Children.
3 Sunday schoob
in the Sunday
Port Royal 1 1 do. in the town
St.Cathcrinc 1 in Spanish town
St. Th. in E.l in Morant Bay
St. David's latTullabs
at Montcgo Bay
I at l(uml)lc
1 at Sandy Bay
I at Lucea
1 at Falmouth
latStewart'stown
1 at Duncans
1 at Stoney Hill
1 at Red Hills
I at Mount Olive
1 at Fort Antonio
I at Hope Bay
1 at Morlcy
1 at. Port Maria
1 at Guy's Hill
I I at Dary
1 at Chapelton
ilut Lime Savannah
1 at Watsenton
1 evening scliool at
St. Anne's Bay
1 at BeechamviUe
1 day school at
Ochoklos
28 schools
102
105
104
75
85
57
30
47
103
8«
66
50
30
20
88
24
34
65
15
30
17
30
40
12
20
25
36
19
23
2071 1 254
I7.'>
7"
97
55
26
107
81
74
111
70
40
3U
5;
18
29
47
25
5S
23
48
39
13
20
30
26
14
16
1406
37
279
152
182
132 20
.5624
154
184
163
177
120
70
50
145
43
63
102
40
88
40
78
7!)
25
40
55
62
33
39
.'650 81
•i '■■
•
'*■
1
;?'
J
i
1
1
jj
cost on an average .<'in currency per aniinm for providing country scholars with books. The schools marked thus
ate held twice or tiirice a week. The males and females are not distinguished in the return of the number of scholars.
h
12
JAMAICA.— CKIMK AND GAOLS.
IX.
Number of Prisoners
in the Goals ol Jamaica throughout each year.
[B.E
I.]
Total number
No. of Debtor?.
No. of Misde-
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
No. of untried
'i
of Prisoners.
meanours.
Prisoners.
Prisoners.
>>
Male Fm. Totl.
Male; Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm. Totl. 'Male
Fm. Totl. Male
Fm.JTotl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
1830* 77 11
88' 36
8
44
13
: 13 5
5| 8
8
9
9 5
1831
• 79 If.
95| 32
9
41
3
1 4
28
2
30 13
1
14
26
5
31 6
1832
• 86 C
92 14
14
6
2 1 8
66
4
70 ! 34
1
35
38
5
43 1
1833
249 40
289 81
11
92
121
23 144
52
1
.53 199
34
233
48
8
56 4
1834
598 74
672 289
33
322
202
32 234
106
10
116' 426
43
469
172
31
203
2
1835
*180 15
195 84 I
85
64' 4 73| 120
2
122| 156
13
169
24
2
26
1
1836
1128 85
i
1213
312
35
347
330
36 , 366
396
31
427
526
45
571
297
43
340
6
* For these years the returns are not given for all the gaols. — R, M. M
Note. — There arc three Gaols in Jamaica, viz. County Gaol of Middlesex, at St. Jagode la Vega; the
County Gaol of Surry, at King-ston ; and the County Goal of Cornwall, at Montcgo IJay. The hours of labour
are from 6 to 10 a. m., and from 12 to 4 p. m. Debtors are allowed 2s. 6d. per day. Free Criminals Is. 3d.
per day, and apprentice criminals 5s. per week, "''lere is also a workhouse in each parish.
X. A Governor, or Captain-General, (appointtu j of the Council from sitting, voting, or assisting there-
by the Crown), aided by an Kxecutive and Legislative in, if he find just cause lor so doing ; but he must,
council of 12, and a House of Assembly answering '
to the home llouse of Commons, (first convened in 1
1664,) form the government of the island. The |
Council is appointed by the King, from among the j
most respectable colonists. The Lieutenant-Go-
vernor, Chief Justice, Attorney-General, and the
Bishop, are all ex-officio Members of the Council,
each member of which is removable at the pleasure
of his Majesty. The Assembly consists of 45 mem-
bers, each of the parishes sending two representa-
tives ; and Spanish Town, Kingston, and Port Royal,
one additional member each ; a representative should
jiossess a freehold of £300. per annum in any part of
the island, or a personal estate of £ 3000 ; an elector
must be of age, and possessed of a freehold of £ 10.
per annum ni the parish for which he votes. Persons
of colour are now admitted to all the privileges of
white persons, and there are no civil disabilities from
religious diH'ercnccs. The Governor has the title of
his Excellency, and is invested with the chief civil
and military authority ; he is also Chancellor, Ordi-
nary, and Vice-Admiral. On his death or absence,
the government devolves on the Deputy or Lieutenant-
Governor, if there be any ; otherwise on the senior
Councillor, who rises in rotation to the presidency, and
has a saliiry of £ 1000. per annum. The Governor
whose salary is about £4,200 per annum, has the dis-
posal of such appointments as his Majesty does not
reserve to himself or his Ministers ; and as to such
offices so reserved, whenever a vacancy occurs by
death or removal, the Governor may appoint to them
till they are tilled up from home, and his appointee,
till superseded, takes all the emoluments.
The Council, who are by courtesy severally ad-
dressed in the colonies by the title of Honourable,
consists of 12 members. They are appointed by man-
damus from the King, and hold their offices during
his Majesty's pleasure ; but if at any time by death,
aiisence from the island, or suspension, the Council
should be reduced to less than the number limited by
the instructions to the Governor, he may appoint as
many persons out of the principal freeholders, inhabi-
tants of the island, to be Members of the Council, as
will make up such number; which persons so ap-
pointed may act as Councillors until they are disap-
proved, or others arc appointed by his Majesty. The
Governor may, however, suspend any of the Members
by the first opportunity, signify to the English Govern-
ment any vi\cancy in the Council, from whatever
cause it may arise.
The duty of the Council is to give advice to the
Governor or Commander-in-Chief for the time being,
when required ; it stands in the same relation to
the Governor in the colony as the Privy Council
in England does to his Majesty ; it is also a con-
stituent part of the Legislature of the colony, corre-
sponding with the British House of Peers ; and
it sits as a Court of Error or Appeal.
The General Assembly are the Representatives of,
and chosen by, the people, and correspond with the
British House of Commons; its utmost duration
is seven years. The laws and statutes of England
passed previously to the settlement, unless they are
from their enactments inapplicable to the local cir-
cumstances of Jamaica, apply to the colony. Sta-
tutes passed in England since 1728, unless they re-
late to trade and navigation, are not in force there.
The Assembly have all the privileges of the House of
Commons in England ; they have the sole power of
levying taxes, and the distribution thereof, with the
exception of an annual permanent revenue to the
Crown of £ 10,000. ; the salary of the Speaker of the
Assembly is £ 1000. per annum.
The Governor, with the advice and consent of the
Council, may, from time to time, as occasion requires,
summon the General Assembly together, and may,
of his own authority, adjourn, prorogue, and i is-
solve it.
The Council and General Assembly, with the con-
currence of the King, or his representative the Go-
vernor, may make laws, statutes, and ordinances for
the public peace, welfare, and good government of
the colony, so that they be not repugnant, but as near
as conveniently may be agreeable to the laws and
statutes of Great Britain.
By an order in Council, dated 15th January, 1800,
it is declared, that in all cases when his Majesty's
confirmation is necessary to give validity and effect to
any act passed by the legislature of any of his Ma-
jesty's colonies or plantations, unless his Majesty's
confiriDation thereof be obtained within three years
from the passing of such act in any of the said colo-
nics or plantations, such act shall be considered dis-
allowed.
JAMAICA.— GOVr.RNMENT AND MH-IMARY.
i;?
B.]
. of untried
tfi
'risoncrs.
A
t
<ii
c
Vm.
'I'otl.
P>
9
9
Tj
6
5
31
6
8
5
43
1
8
8
Sfi
4
2
31
203
2
>4
2
2«| 1
)7
43
340
6
igo dc la Vcgn ; the
he hours of hibour
: Criminals Is. 3(1.
or assisting therc-
ng ; but he must,
le English Govern-
il, from whatever
give advice to the
for the time being,
same relation to
the Privy Council
it is also a con-
the colony, corre-
ic of Peers ; and
i\.
Representatives of,
rrespond with the
utmost duration
atutes of England
unless they are
to the local cir-
the colony. Sta-
8, unless they re-
lot in force there.
es of the House of
the sole power of
thereof, with the
it revenue to the
the Speaker of the
md consent of the
ifcasion requires,
igetlier, and may,
■orogue, and t is-
)ly, with the con-
;sentativc the Go-
in<l (irdiuances for
od government of
gnant, but as near
to the laws and
th January, 1800,
len his Majesty's
idity and effect to
f any of his Ma-
less his Majesty's
within three years
of the said colo-
e considered dis-
By the English statute, C Geo. 111. c. 12, all the
British colonies arc declared to be dependent upon
the imperial Crown and Parliament of Great Britain,
who have full power to make laws to hind such
colonies in all cases whatsoever. Rut by the 18
Geo. III. c. 12, the King and Parliament declared,
that thenceforth they would not impose any duty
payable in the colonies, except for the regulation of
commerce, the produce whereof should always be
applied to the use of the colony in w'liich it is levied.
Kingston is a corporate town, since 1802, having a
iiiiiyor, 12 aldermen, and 12 common councilmen,
chosen on the second Wednesday in January. The
following is a description of the city seal : — On o-.e
side, the arms, crest, supporters and mottos, legend
— "Sis^illiim commune ririUilis ilf Kini^slon, in Ja-
iiiitica." Reverse — Britannia, in the dress of Minerva,
holding in one hand the trident, and in the other a
miiror reflecting the rays of the benign intluence of
Heaven on the produce of the island ; behind her the
British lion supporting her shield ; a conche shell at
her feet, and at a distance a ship under sail ; legend
— " Hos fiit'ct, has curat si'rratque Brilnnniu wutur."
Britain, the mother country, cherishes and protects
these fruits.
The jurisdiction, both civil and criminal, of the Su-
))reiiie Court is co-extensive with those of the Courts
of King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, (and
Insolvent Debtors), in England, taken collectively, and
it has also the power of hearing and deciding on infor-
mations for the breach of any act of Parliament or As-
sembly relating to trade and navigation, or for laying
any duties or customs on the import of goods, wares,
and merchandizes into, or on the exportation thereof
from the island ; also on informations for land under
the quit rent acts, and all escheats. It is likewise a
com t of appeal from the inferior Courts of Common
Pleas.
This Court sits in the capital of St. Jago dc la
Vega, or Spanish Town, three times in the year, for
three consecutive weeks each time, commencing re-
s|)cctively on the second Monday in Eebruary, the
first Monday in June, and the first Monday in October
in each year.
The Chief Justice is nominated by the Government
in England, and has a patent of office under the great
seal of the island; and the Assistant Judges are ap-
pointed either by his Majesty's Ministers or by the
Governor of the island. There are eight or ten As-
sistant Judges, who sit in rotation with the Chief
.'ustice ; they have each a salary of i'.'iOO. per annum
West Indian currency. All the judges hold their
offices during his Majesty's pleasure, and are remov-
able by the sign-manual only ; but they may, upon
s\illicicnt cause, be suspended by the Governor, with
the consent of a majority of a board of the Council,
till his Majesty's pleasure be known. There is an
Attorney and Solicitor-General, Clerk of the Crown,
Clerk of the Court, and Solicitor for the Crown,
attached to the Court ; and from eight to ten or
twelve barristers in practice. A Provost Marshal,
and seven Deputies, act in the like number of dis-
tricts.
The jurisdiction of the Assize Courts is limited to their
respective counties of Surry and Cornwall ; and the
Justices in the Courts to be held respectively before
them have the same power, authority, and jurisdic-
tion that the Justices of Assize and Nisi Prius, Jus-
tices of Oyer and Terminer, and Justices of Gaol
Delivery have in Enc,land.
The Justices of Assize receive no salary, arc ap-
pointed by the Governor, by a commission under the
i)road seal cf the island. Tiiey, like the Judges of the
Supreme Court of Judicature, hold their places during
his Majesty's pleasure {qiwiudiu nr bene a^essernnt),
and can he removed by bis sign manual onlv ; but,
upon sutlicient cause, may be susjji'iuled by the
Governor, with the consent of the majority of a Board
of Council, till his Majesty's pleasure be known.
The several inferior Courts of Conunon Pleas in the
island of Jamaica liave jurisdiction over all causes
(wherein any freehold is not concerned) to the value
of £20. with costs and no more, but by the aid of a
jiislicids from the Chancellor, who is the Governor,
they may hold Pleas to any amount. They are,
however, absolutely restricted from intermeddling
with or determining actions where the title to
land is concerned. These Courts are held at the
same time, and in the same place of the respective
precincts, as tlie Justices of the Peace hold the
Quarter-Sessions, once in every three months ; some
of them have the privilege of sitting oftener. The
appointment and removal of the Judges of these
Courts are under the control of the Governor, and
an appeal lies against their decision to the Supreme
Court of Judicature.
Every precinct has a Court of Sessions, held quar-
terly, All manner of debts, trespasses, and other
matters, not exceeding the value of 40.v. wherein the
titles of land are not concerned, may be heard and
determined by any Justice of the Peace of the island
within their respective precincts, without appeal; and
after judgment, the Justice may grant a warrant of
distress, and, for want of sufficient distress, may im-
prison the defendant in the common gaol of the pre-
cincts till he pay the debt and charges.
The Governor hold.s a Court, with the same
powers of judicature that the Lord High Chancellor
has in England, and the proceedings of the Court are
similar to those of the English Court of Chancery.
The Court is held about three times a-year.
The Court of Error is held by the Governor and
Council for hearing Appeals, in the nature of Writs of
Error, from the Supreme and Assize Courts. These
Appeals, or Writs of Error, are allowed and regulated
by his Majesty's instructions to the Governor. An
appeal also lies from the judgment of the Court of
Chancery, to his Majesty in his Privy Council. On
an appeal to the King in Council, the proceedings
must be transn\itted, and the party appealing must
proceed, within a year after the pronouncing of the
decree or order appealed against.
The Court of Vice-Admiralty has two distinct
jurisdictions ; by one of which it is an Insltincu Court
for deciding all maritime causes, and by the other a
I'rhe Court: its practice is similar to that of the
Fligb Court of Admiralty in England, to which Court,
or to the King in Council, an appeal lies from its
decision. The Judge is appointed by the Govern-
ment in England, and holds his office during his
Majesty's pleasure; but may be suspended by the
Governor for good cause, with the consent of a ma-
jority of a board of Council, till his Majesty's pleasure
be known.
The Court of Ordinary is for de o. mining ecclesi-
astical matterbanil probates of wills, . id the Governor
alone presides in it as judge.
The English Banknqitcy Laws arc not in force in
Jamaica, but there is an Insolrent Deliturs' Jet, by
which a debtor, on making oath that he is possessed
of no property above bare neeessaries, and delivering
his books, if he has any, into the hands of the Deputy
I r
14
JAMAICA— GOVERNMENT AND LAWS.
I
. I '
Marshal, is exonerated from all demands against
him in the island after suffering three months'
imprisonment. Any person leaving the island must
give three weeks' notice on account of creditors. The
parishes, which are more like counties as to their ex-
tent, are under the supervision or government of a
chief magistrate (termed the Ctutos Rotulorum) and
bench of justices, who hold sessions of the peace
every month, and Courts of Common Pleas, for try-
ing actions to the extent of 20i. ; debts not ex-
ceeding 40*. are determined by a single justice. Each
parish has a rector and church officers, according to
the number of churches or chapels in the parish ;
the vestries consist of the Custos, two magistrates,
ten vestrymen, and the rector (the vestrymen are
elected annually by the freeholders); the vestries
have the power of assessing and appropriating local
taxes, allot labourers for repairing the highways,
appoint way-wardens, nominate persons called con-
stables for the collection of public and parochial rates,
and regulate the police of their several parishes.
Their powers correspond with the civil duties of
Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of an English
county. There is a Board of Forts and Fortifications,
a Board of Public Accounts, and a Board of Public
Works, all managed by commissioners. The Council
and Assembly are ex-officio Commissioners of Corre-
spondence. There is a Coroner for each parish,
elected by the freeholders.
The laws of the Colony may be judpred of generally by the
preceding remarks.— On occasions of pressing emergency
the Commander-in-Chief may summons a general Council
of War, in which the Members of the House of Assembly
sit and have votes.and with their consent proclRim Martial
law : liis power is then dictatorial, and all the Inhabitants
are subject during fhe exercise of this power to martial
law. The Governor has no power of staying execution
or suspending proceedings in civil cases t he can pardon all
criminal offences but those of murder and high treason j
his power herein consists in respiting until the pleasure
of the King is made known. In criminal proceedings— the
learned Queen's Counsel, Wm. Burge, Esq., late Attorney-
General, and now Agent for Jamaica, says that the Go.
vcrnor, as representative of his Sovereign, may direct the
Attorney-Geiicral to enter a Noli Prosequi, or by virtue of
Her Majesty's prerogative he may siispend the execution of
any sentenre. The writ of Habeas Corpus is granted under
the same circumstances as in England, excepting in cases of
aliens.who must in the first instance appeal for redress to the
Governor in Council, and if remaining unheard for 14 days,
the Writ of Habeas Corpus may then be applied for. All
free-born subjects in Jamaica arc from their birth free-born
denizens of England. Aliens may receive letters of natur-
alization Irom the Governor under the provision of S.'j,
Chap, il, c 3. Tl>e law of descent and tlie law governing
t;;e distribution of pcrscinal property in cases of intestacies
are in unison with those of England.
Lands in the hands of the heir or devisee are assets for
fic payment of all classes of debt owing by the ancestor or
'.estator by means of a suit in the Court rf Chancery : and
they also stand charged with specialty and simple contract
debts when the latter have been put on judgment, and
notice of a writ of extent has been served p|ursuant to the
2-» Geo. 11, c. 19. Personal assets, unless specially exempted,
are always applied in the first instance in the exoneration
of the real estate. A Judgment recovered in England or
elsewhere by default, or in contradii-torio against a person
resident in the colony is received as evidence in the colony
witliout going into the merits on which it was pronounced :
the onus of iiiipeachiug the judgment devolves on the de-
fendant. There is no outlawry in the colony. The fore'.gn
appointment of Guardians to Minors, and Committees or
Curators to idiots or Lunatics g'ves no control over pro-
perty In the colonv, as the Colonial Court of Chancery ex-
ercises original jurisdiction in such cases. The Colonial
Courts give no effect to an assignment and certificate under
an English or Foreign Commission of Bankruptcy against
a creditor not claiming under the commission,— and they
would prevent the creditor claiming under it from pursuing
the bankrupt personally. An English certificate is held to
bear the recovery of a ricl)t owing in respect of a consign-
ment made by a iilaintiff to a defendant rcsidcut in England:
and it Is supposed that a similar effect would be given to a
certificate when the debt was contracted in England. A
foreign certificate Is no bar to the suit of any colonial cre-
ditor desirous of proceeding personally against the bankrupt
(tlieu ill the colony) for debts proveable but not proved
under the foreign commission. With respect to the claims
of foreign and colonial creditors, if the bankrupt were resi-
dent in the island or repr>;.iented there, the colonialcreditors
'vould obtain preference both as to the personal and real
property, by putting the demand in suit ; but if the bank-
rupt be absent and unrepresented by Attorney, then prefer,
ence would be obtained by attachment ander 93 Car. II.
c 33, The notice of an insolvent debtor that he intended to
take the benefit of the Insolvent act not suflScient for the
protection of foreign creditors. There is no law in force in
the colony similar to 21 James I. which makes personal
property left in the possession and apparent ownership of a
commercial person or trader (not the real owner) liable to
the creditor of such person in case of insolvency : neither
is the above statute ever acted upon in the colony. Arrests
on Mesne Process in all actions upon civil contract or intent,
are authorized, except upon Members of the Legislature :
persons possessing a freehold of five acres planted or a
house worth £10 per Annum, and generally such as are ex-
empted by the law of England. Special bail required in all
cases of arrest on Mesne Process. No pro ''ing can be
sustained in the Colonial courts upon pro(...> issued by
them, but served upon the party out of the Colony,
PersoiiS having property in the island, who have once
resided in the colony, and are unrepresented, may be pro-
ceeded against by foreign attachment under the 33d. Car. II.
c. 23— but no remedy lies if they have never been in the
island and are unrepresented. The British statutes of
frauds and limitations extend to the colony. The island
Acts 10 Ann, c. 12 and 29, Geo. III. c. i3, a. 4, deilare, that
bonds, judgments, bills, mortgages and other writings obli-
gatory, to be void if no payment has been made, or if not
demanded within 20 ye.irs from the time they became due
or from the last day of payment : Infants, persons under
coverture or of unsound memory, may bring their action
within three years after tlie rt moval of their disability.
Mortgages are conventional j — an estates generally con-
veyed in fee to the Mortgagee, and the requisite forms ai i
solemnities are the same as in England. Deeds to be va a
must be recorded in the Secretary's office, and in certa
cases as between the Vendee and Mortgagee within 90 da-
otherwise priority will be lost. Wills are generally regis
tered as also Deeds. Personal property in the island would
puss under a will executed in a foreign country according
to the laws of that country. There is no jurisdiction in tliu
colony competent to pronounce a sentence of divorce.
Counsel must previously have been called to the bar in
England before entitled to plead in the island. The public
laws are collected and priuted under the authority of Com-
missioners appointed by the Colonial Legislature : Private
Acts remain in manuscript. The originals of all acts arc
recorded in the island Secretary's office, and copies are sent
to the Secretary of State for the Colonies in England.
XL The military establishment of the island gene-
rally comprises the head-quarters of four European
regiments of the line ; one West India regiment, com-
posed of Caffres or W. Coast African negroes ; a
strong detachment of Artillery, altogether comprising
about 3000 men; and of colonial militia, from 10 to
12,000 men at arms, comprising in Middlesex County,
a regiment of horse of 1 1 troops, well equipped and
mounted, and nine infantry regim nts ; in Surnj
County, a regiment of horse of eight troops, and six
regiments of infantry, with artillery ; in Conurull
County, a regiment of horse of six troops, and six
regiments of infantry ; and to each regiment are
attached two field-pieces and a company of artillery ;
with a major-commandant of artillery to each county;
the whole well appointed, and proving a most efficient
force in case of internal insurrection or foreign aggres-
sion. All white males, from the age of 15 to U>, are
obliged by law to provide themselves with suitable
clothing, and to enlist in either the cavalry or in-
fantry of the militia. Substitutes are not allowed.
When on permanent duty (which occurs on the pro-
clamation of martial law) the militia receive pay
2.V. (td. a day and rations ; arms and ammunition are j
found by the government.
: would be given to a
ictea In England. A
t of any colonial cre-
BBatnHt the bankrupt
iable but not proved
respect to the claims
B bankrupt were real-
, the colonlalcreditors
;he personal and real
nit i but if the bank-
attorney, then prefer,
ent under 23 Car. II.
jr that he intended to
; not sufficient for the
B is no law in force in
■hich makes personal
parent ownership of a
: real owner) liable to
f insolvency : neither
n the colony. Arrests
Ivil contract or Intent,
•s of the Legislature :
re acres planted or a
ictally such as are ex-
;ial ball required in all
No pro . ■'Ing can be
)on prot-.- issued by
nfthe Colony.
land, who have once
iresented, may be pro-
:underthe33d. Car.II.
ive never been in the
le British sUtutes of
e colony. Tiie Island
:. i3, 8. 4, deilare, that
nd other writings obli-
»8 been made, or if not
time they became due
nfants, persons under
nay bring their action
, of their disability.
1 estates generally con-
;he requisite forms ai h
ind. Deeds to be va d
3 office, and in certa
irtgagee within 90 da*
Us are generally regis
rty in the island wonUl
;ign country according
is no jurisdiction la the
I sentence of divorce,
called to the bar in
the island. The public
■ the authority of Com-
il Legislature : Private
iriginals of all acts are
fice, and copies are sent
}Qies la England.
it of the island genc-
:ra of four European
India regiment, corn-
African negroes ; a
iltogether comprising
militia, from 10 to
in Middlesex County,
i, well equipped and
igim:.nts; in Suriy
eiglit troops, and six
tillery ; in Coniinili
six troops, and six
each regiment are
:ompany of artillery ;
tillery to each county ;
oving a most efficient
;ion or foreign aggres-
age of 15 to Iti, are
iselves with suitable
er the cavalry or in-
tes are not allowed.
h occurs on the pro-
militia receive pay
and anr.munitioii are
JAMAICA.— MILITARY ESTABLISHMEMT.
Mii-iTiA OF Jamaica.
15
CORPS
AND
DISTRIBUTION.
Field.
INFANTRY.
MIDDLESEX.
St, Catherine's Regi-
ment ....
St. John's and St
Dorothy's ditto
St. Thomas's in the
Vale ditto . .
Clarendon ditto .
Vere ditto . . .
Manchester ditto .
St. Mary's ditto .
St. Ann's Eastern
ditto
St. Ann's Western
ditto
Battalion.
Total .
SURRY.
Kingston (2 batta^
lions) Regiment
Port Royal ditto .
S. Andrew's ditto
St.Thomas's East aiid
St, David's ditto
Portland ditto . .
St, George's ditto
Total .
CORNWALL.
St. Elizabeth's Regi-
ment
Westmoreland ditto .
Hanover ditto . .
Western Interior ditto
Trelawny ditto .
St. James's ditto .
Total .
CAVALRY.
Middlesex Regiment
of 1 1 Troops
Surry Regiment of 8
Troops . . .
Cornwall Regiment of
C Troops . .
Total .
GENERAL SUMMARY
Cavalry, 3 Regiments
Infantry, 21 ditto
Total .
9 13
8 10
26
39
Staff.
66
22
6
10
6
5
II
6
8
10
10
6
72
8 10
11
41
.56
55
11
9
6
65
93
91
22
18
13
26 53
26
177
203
53
256
309
15
4
11
11
4
5
Warrant.
3 _
1
8 15
50
32
21 6
32
164
206
28
- 28
22 55
22I83 25
o i aJ
cn
c\M
1
12 8
7 7
1 1
Effectives.
c
13
28 2
21
28
25
21
24 .53 1 23
11
1316
e
as
►"• CO
■as
m* a!
:S ^
£ S
gH
3
a
a
ai
Com-
plexion.
30 30
15
18
24
15
21
28
16
18
185
11 4
5 9
34
29
29
13
40
40
20
20
23
25
7
12
11
6
438
214
249
374
164
331
380
258
257
147
66
98
118
154
3
o
H
395
204
542
270
222 320
- 468
115
23;»
401
470
321
312
2665 429
242
1 32
14
14
177
72
19
.•»9
30
7
10
177
11
16
17
2
3
1
1194
169
406
486
170
252
2677
50
25
22
15
62 16
62
16
6041381
666397
674
526
370
107
476
447
9363337
133
319
53
109
614
277
401
1468
257
534
291 610
117 218
217! 326
1026 3413
2600 277
172
141
114
427
427
7942
8369
266
780
620
453
147
588
543
2663131
288
230
182
700
700
9881
10581
If)
JAMAICA.— FINANCES.
!li
There is a City Guard for Kingston, which was in-
stituted 28tli July, 17«3. It consists of two Lieute-
nants, two Serjeants, and 44 privates, all well paid.
An extensive police-force is now organized for the
whole island. The police-force consisted in 1836, of
,09 Serjeants at l*. Gil. a day — ^>s. for weekly rations,
and 21. 2s. annually for clothing. — (598 Privates at Is.
a day — 5*, weekly for rations, and 1/. 9«. annually for
clothing. These services, tojrether with Officer's pay,
contingencies, &., cost for 183G, 51,107/. currency, or
ao.r.lO/. Sterling.
XII. The annual income or ways and means of the
island, on an average of 10 years, ending 1831, was
as follows : — Poll Tax (at .Os. ]0d. per head on Slaves,
and ^A'.per head on stock, exempting Working Stock on
Plantations), Rents at \s. 8d., in the £. and Wheat at
2()«. lO.O.OOO/. Tax on Transient Traders, l.OO. Arrears
of former Years' Taxes, 3,000. Land Tax, 23,400.
Deficiency Tax, 14,000. Rum Duty, 24,000. Ad-
ditional Duty on Wines and Spirits, 15,000. Tea
Duty, 1,400. Goods from Foreign Ports, 4,800.
Goods from United States, 31,000. Surplus of Re-
venue, 8,300. Stamp Duty, 19,000. For Arms and
Gunpowder, 900. Balance of Cash 30th September,
1830, 147,945. Duty on Cattle imported, 1,000.
Tonnage Duty on Ships, to pay Custom House Sa-
laries, 25,000. Loan to be raised 50,000. Debts due
to Public on Judgments, 500. Double Duties received
by Officers of Customs and refunded, 15,048.
Taxes Inlemil — A Schedule (in currency) of all
Taxes, Duties, Fees, and all other sources of Revenue,
payable into the Public Treasury of Jamaica during
the Year 183fi, and the several Laws and Authorities
under which they are derived. Quit Rents — Upon
every Acre of Land, ?>d. Tax on Public Officers : —
Registrar in Chancery ; Island Secretary ; Provost-
Marshal ; Clerk of the Supreme Court — each 60/.
Masters in Chancery : — An Admission to practise as
such, each 500/. Poll Tax : — On all and every Head of
Stock of Horse kind, 10:/. On all and every Bull, Cow,
Calf, Heifer, and follower, lOd. Upon every Wheel,
(such as are made for the carriage of goods only, ex-
cepted,) 2(is. Upon the value of all Goods imported,
not bon^ fide consigned at or from the place of ship-
ment, by bill of lading and invoice then signed to a
Merchant paying Taxes, 5 per cent. Additional Duty.
On the actual value of all Houses, Storehouses,
Wharfs, and other Buildings, rented out at 10/. per
Annum and upwards in any Town or Trading place,
Is. Sd. in the £.
Duties Internal. — On every gallon of Rum, or other
Spirits, made and consumed in the Island, Is. Cui.
Stamp Duties : — Raising a Tax by a duty on Vellum,
Parchment and Papers. Fees : — Of the Chief Justice,
collected by the Clerk of the Court, and by him paid
into the Public Treasury. On Private Bills passed
the Assembly. Fines : — Those imposed in Courts of
Justice. Duties on Vessels and Cargoes. Gunpow-
der Dues. On Vessels entering from places beyond
the Tropics, each voyage, C(/. Trading Coastwise, or
within the Tropics once in each year, 6f/. Transient
Poor's Tax Tonnage : — On Vessels entering from
places beyond the Tropics, each voyage, M. Trading
to places within the Tropics, 3d. Trading Coastwise
once each year, 2d. Customs ; Tonnage ; To pay
Officers : — On entry of every Vessel (not Coastwise)
exceeding 40 tons, 4s. 2d. per ton. On Coasting
Vessels, and Vessels not exceeding 40 tons, once in
each year, 4s. 2d. per ton. Revenue Duties, (1 Geo.
II. cap. i.) : — Upon the Importation of all Spanish
and Madeira Wines, C/. per ton. Wines of Western
Islands, 12/. French, Rhenish, or Portugal Wines,
5/. Beer, Ale, Cider, Perry, 2/. Mum or Metheglin,
3/. Brandy, Arrack, or other Spirits, \s. 6d. per
gallon. Refined Sugar, Gd. per lb. Tobacco, 4d,
Indigo, 3d. Cocoa, in Island vessels, 15s. per cwt.
In other vessels, 20».
Additional Duties. — Upon the importation of all
Spanish and Madeira Wine?, 9/. I5s. per Tun. Wine
of Western Islands, 11/. 2s. French, Rhenish, or
Portugal Wines, 22/. Gs. All other Wines not before
enumerated, 22/. Is. Brandy, Arrack, or other Spi-
rits, Cis. 8t/.; of ITnited Kingdom, 5,9. 8(/. Beer,
Cider, &c., 3/. 5s. Tea, Is. Sd. per lb. Cattle Duty : —
Every head of Horned Stock imported, not being from
Great Britain or Ireland, 2/.
Excluding the shillings and pence (as given in the
Parliamentary Return) the total ways and means thus
given for Jamaica in 1831, is 489,743/.
Jamaica Expenditure (as laid before Parliament in
the return whence the foregoing statement is derived)
defrayed by the Island in 1831 : — Governor, 5,500/ ;
Chief Justice, 4,000 ; Assistant Judges, 3,400 ; Speaker
of Assembly, 1,400; Governor's Secretary, 3,000;
Officers of His Majesty's Customs, 23,390 ; Clergy of
Established Church — Curates' stipends, 8,000 ; Rec-
tors' ditto, 11,718; Registrar and Appositor to the
Diocese, 475 ; Annuitants, being widows and orphans
of the Clergy, 2,000 ; Expenses of building Chapels,
1,400; Total, 23,593/. Ditto Presbyterian ; Presby-
terian Institutions, 301 ; Support of Kirk in King-
ston, 700 ; Presbyterian Charity Schools, 200 ; Total,
1,201/. Ditto Roman Catholic, 200 ; Charitable
Institutions, 14,656; Army Expenses, 157,032 ; Clerk
of Supreme Court and Provost Marshal, 1,160; Se-
cretary of Commissioners of Public Accounts, 1,000 ;
Secretary of Ditto Correspondents, 300 ; Clerk of
Board of Works, 400; Commissioners of Stamps,
1550 ; Deputy Receiver General and Secretary at the
Outports, 1,560; Marshals of Militia Regiments,
1,050:— Pay, 14000; Contingent Accounts, 20,645 ;
Rations, 72,000 ; ditto to 1st April, 1831, 35,700;
Repairs of Barracks, 10,483 ; Lodgings for Officers,
2,090 ; Island Pay, ditto, 997 ; Sundry Wharfage,
Water, &c.forTroops, 1,115; Total, 157,032/. Alien
and Bonding Office, 600 ; Island Agent, 2,.542 ; Cai)-
tains of Forts, 669; Officers of Assembly, 6,146;
Island Botanist, 560 ; Engineer and Surveyor of the
Public Works, 740 ; Storekeeper, 500 ; Receive r
General, 7,000; Law Expenses and Gaols, 14,874;
Roads, Bridges, and Public Buildings, 25,850 ; Print,
ing, 7,159; Militia Arms, and Gunpowder, 8,594;
Board of Works, 8890 ; Premium on Increase Slaves,
8120 ; Registry and Vestry Returns, 5,378 ; Maroons
and Superintendent of Maroon I'owns, 2,300; Mis-
cellaneous, 10,000 ; Interest on Public Loans, 16,900;
Total, 370,000.
The Jamaica Budget for 1832 gives the Taxes and
Internal Duties at 207,367/. ; Duties on vessels and
cargoes, 95,970 ; the certificates in circulation were
399,205/. ; and the loan certificates, including 64,415/.
loan deposits was 250,035/. Of the expenditure, the
military amounts to 184,143/. besides 222,729/. for
the general defence of the Island, of which 176,691/.
was incurred for martial law in 1832. The civil ex-
penditure was 85,078/., of which 15,544/. was for
interest. Mr, Bur{,e says, — " The annual expenditure
of Jamaica is 489,849/. ; to this must be added lO.OOO;,
whis is annually raised, and is a perpetual revenue
granted to the Crown, and made applicable to the
orders of the Governor in Council, and over which
the House of Assembly exercises no superintending
pq
01
03
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II
JAMAICA.— EXPENDITURK, SHIPPING.
17
Portugal Wines,
jtn or Metheglin,
irits, 1*. 6d. per
I. Tobacco, 4(i.
Is, 15s. per cwt.
nportation of all
per Tun. Wine
icli, Rlicnish, or
Wines not before
,ck, or other Spi-
, r^s. Stl. Beer,
Cattle Duty : —
3d, not being from
e (as given in the
ys and means thus
131.
fore Parliament in
itement is derived)
jovernor, tt.bOOl ;
;es, 3,400; Speaker
Secretary, 3,000;
^3,390 ; Clergy of
ends, 8,000; Rec-
Appositor to the
idows and orphans
building Chapels,
sbyterian; Presby-
; of Kirk in King-
chools, 200 ; Total,
200 ; Charitable
ses, 157,032; Clerk
iarshal, 1,160; Se-
c Accounts, 1,000;
ts, 300 ; Clerk of
pioners of Stamps,
[nd Secretary at the
ilitia Regiments,
Accounts, 20,r)4r) ;
ril, 1831, 35,700;
Igings for Officers,
Sundry Wharfage,
il, 157,032J. Alien
.gent, 2, .542 ; Ca\)-
Assembly, fi.MCi;
|nd Surveyor of the
T, 500 ; Receiver
nd Gaols, 14,874;
igs, 25,850 ; Print-
unpowder, 8,594 ;
on Increase Slaves,
s, 5,378 ; Maroons
•owns, 2,300; Mis-
|blic Loans, 16,900;
'ives the Taxes and
lies on vessels and
In circulation were
s, including 64,41,'')/.
fie expenditure, the
Isides 222,729/. for
1 of which 176,691'.
■<32. The civil ex-
15,544/. v.as for
fannnalexpendituie
Istbe added 10,00(1/.
perpetual revenue
applicable to the
lit, and over which
no superintending
I control.' It was given in evidence before Parliament
I in 1H32, by the same authority, that " the Island of
Jnniaiea sustains the whole burden of its Government,
with the exception of the salary of the nisho|) ; every
other species of its expenditure, including its eccle-
siastical, military and civil establishments, are defrayed
I by the island iself."
'Com)iiis>i(iriat,l83C). Provisions and Forage, 49, 1 92/. ;
I Fuel and Light, 2,664/.; Miscellaneous Purchases, 135/. ;
Transport, 1,270/. ; Pay of extra Staff, 526/. ; Military
i Allowances, 6,133/.; Special Services, 30,892/.; Con-
tingencies, 2,240/. ; Ordinary Pay of His Majesty's Land
roices, 62,454/. ; Pay of Commissariat Officers, 2, 1 24/. ;
I Advances to the Navy, 16,237/.; sterling, 173,872/.
Ordnance, 1836. Agents to the Military Corps, 5,000/.;
I Engineer Department, 703/. ; Artillery Department,
4.55/. ; Storekeeper's Department, 1,470 ; Hired Build-
ings, 1.376/.; King's Barracks, 2,078/.; Transferred
Barracks, 5,661/. — 16,753/. Deduct Sum granted by
the Colony in aid of Repairs to Barracks, transferred
I additional, 4*, 4(/.,6,.")00/.; Sterling, 10,2.53/.
A Return of the Pecuniary Allowances granted to
I the King'sTroops in the Islands, during the Year 1836.
I Allowance to Officers in lieu of Rations, viz. : — Ge-
Ineraland Staff, 1,391/.; Royal Engineers, 198/. ; Royal
J Artillery, 1,32.5/.; 8th Regiment, 1852/.; 22nd ditto,
•2,413/. ; 37th ditto, 2,75y/. ; 56th ditto, 2,250/. ; 64th
ditto, 2,287/.; 84th ditto, 2,264—16,743/. Allowance
for Lodgings in lieu of Quarters : — General Staff,
1 201/.; Hth Regiment, 151/.; 37th ditto, 14/.; 56th
ditto, 553/. ; 64th ditto, 38/. ; H4th ditto. 554/. ;— 2,5 1 21.;
Currency, 19,255/., or Sterling, 11,553/.
licrdintulnl'wn of the. Estnhlishmcnt, 1836. — Paid by
the Colony in sterlitig Money ; — Civil Establishment,
33,230/.; Contingent Expenditure, 20,800/. ; Judicial
Establishment, 4,346/. ; Contingent Expenditure,
7,613/.; Ecclesiastical Establishment, 14,220/. ; Mili-
tary Expenditure, (Regular and Colonial) 72,009/. ;
Miscellaneous Expenditure, including Re-payment of
Loans, Public Institutions &c., 55,482/.; Pensions,
1766/.; Grand Total, 207,468/.
Local Revenues. — St. Catherine's, 7,335/. ; King-
ston, (by Corporation) 33,400/. ; St. Thomas-in-the-
Vale, 3,637/.; ditto, (Road Tax,) 3464/.— 7,103/. ;
Vcre, 5600/.; Portland, 2,723/.; Hanover, 7,483/.;
Manchester, 3,801/. ; St. Thomas in the East, Parochial,
7,866/., Road Tax,5, 187/.— 13,053; St.John's, 2,500/.;
St. Ann's, Parochial, 7,513/., Road Tax, 4,910/.—
12,423/.; Westmoreland, 11,075/.; Total, Local Re-
venues in Jamaica, 196,496/.
This Amount is expended in each Parish, in Pa-
rochial Affairs, for the Support of the Poor, Payment
of Officers of the Parish, Repairing Buildings, Stc.
XI. The trade of this important island is very considerable.
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[The Blue Book", for Jamaica are the worst returns
|ii the Colonial Office ; there is a slovenliness, a total
sant of decorum to the home authorities manifested
In every document; almost invariably there is no
lumming up of the totals. This conduct is not con-
pncd to the Colonial Office returns : the Registrar
jeneral of Shipping has stated a similar negligence
brevails in his returns. The foregoing table must
u
therefore, I fear, be considered only as an approxi-
r ition to correctness. Some of the years are derived
from the Custom House documents, or parliamentary
papers; others from the Blue Books at the Colonial
Office, and others from the Board of Trade returns. It
is to be hoped that the authorities of Jamaica will in
future pay more attention to the important subject of
statistics. — R.M.M.]
II
I
18
JAMAICA.— COMMF.RCK.
A General Return of Exports from tlie Island of Jamaica for 55 Years, ending 3l8t December, 1836.
(Appendix to Slavery Papers in 1838.)
a .
^2
Sugar.
Rum.
Ginger.
Pimento.
Coffee.
3!
Reniarl(9.
hhdB.
tiercs.
banit!.
punc.
lihds.
Cl<8.
bris
cks.
cks.
bags.
caslcs.
bags.
pounds.
1772
69451
9936
270
841558
1773
72996
11453
849
,.
779303
1774
69579
9250
278
, ,
, ,
, ,
739039
177&
75291
9090
425
, ,
, ,
..
, ,
, ,
49398 1
1776
, ,
, ,
,^
1777
,
, ,
1788
83036
9256
1063
..
.,
1035368
I7«tf
84167
10078
1077
, ,
, ,
, ,
.,
, .
1493282
1790
84741
9284
1599
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
1/83740
1791
85447
8037
17I8
.
,.
. ,
. .
2299874
August 1 Destruction of
1792
..
. ,
, ,
, .
. .
, ,
St. Domingo.
1793
77575
6722
642
34755
879
, .
, ,
62
k6o5
420
9108
3983576
1794
89532
11158
1224
39843
1,570
121
10305
554
22153
4911549
1795
88851
9537
1225
376^4
1475
426
14861
957
20451
6318812
1796
89219
10700
858
40810
1364
, ,
690
20275
136
9820
7203539
1797
78373
9963
7.'-.3
28014
1463
, ,
259
29098
328
2935
7869133
1798
8781)6
11725
1163
40823
2234
, .
119
18454
1181
8961
7894306
179«
101457
13538
1321
37022
1981
. ,
, ,
221
10358
1766
28273
11745425
Bourbon cane introduci>il.
1800
96347
13.549
1631
37166
1350
, ,
, ,
444
3580
610
12759
11116474
1801
128251
18/04
2692
48879
1514
, ,
, ,
12
239
648
14084
13401468
U'02
129544
15403
2403
45632
2073
473
205
366
23
2079
.591
7793
17961923
1803
107387
11825
1797
43298
1416
461
51
3287
867
14875
15866291
1804
103352
12802
2207
42207
913
, ,
429
1094
1854
1417
19572
22063980
1805
137906
17977
3689
.53211
1328
133
187
471
315
2128
288
7157
24137393
Largest sugar crop.
1806
133U96
18237
3579
58191
1178
, ,
499
485
1818
1094
19534
29298O36
1807
123175
17344
3716
51812
1998
, ,
699
512
1411
525
19224
26761 188
March 25th ; Abolition of
1808
121414
15836
2625
52409
2196
, ,
379
436
1470
225
6529
29528273
African slave trade.
1809
1044.'>7
14,^96
35.34
43492
2717
230
2321
572
24022
1177
25586668
1810
108703
4560
3719
42353
'964
293
520
1881
4276
21163
25885285
1811
127751
15235
3046
54093
2011
, ,
446
1110
2072
638
22074
17460068
1812
105283
1135/
2558
43346
1531
, ,
151
804
1235
598
7778
18481986
1813
97548
10029
2304
44618
1345
3S2
874
208
816
1428
1124
14361
24623572
Storm in October, 1812.
1814
101846
104H5
2575
43486
1551
202
1146
145
884
1668
394
10711
34045585
Largest coffee crop.
1815
118767
12224
2817
52996
1465
574
1398
242
1493
1667
844
27386
27.362742
1816
93881
9332
2236
35736
7'i9
281
903
166
2354
1118
851
28047
17289393
Storm in October, 1815.
1817
116012
110y4
2868
47949
1094
203
916
254
3361
1196
946
15817
14793706
1818
113818
11388
2786
50195
1108
121
191
407
2526
1067
941
21071
25329456
1819
108305
11450
3244
439 16
1695
602
1558
253
1714
718
882
24500
14091983
1820
115065
11322
2474
45361
1783
106
460
252
11.59
316
673
12880
22127444
1821
111512
11703
1972
46802
1793
153
534
167
984
271
1224
24827
I68I976I
1822
88551
8705
1292
28728
1124
9
442
144
891
72
699
I8672
19773912
Extreme drought.
1823
94905
9179
1947
35242
1935
20
118
614
1041
60
1894
21481
20326445
1824
99225
9651
2791
37121
3261
5
64
910
2230
52
599
33306
27677239
Mr. Canning's resolutions
1825
73813
7380
2858
27630
2077
101
215
894
3947
348
5.37
20979
21254656
relative to tilavcry.
1826
99978
9514
3126
35610
3098
1852
, ,
549
5724
517
522
16433
20352886
Severe drought in ikji.
1827
82096
7435
2770
31840
2672
1573
204
4871
240
3236
26691
25741520
1828
94912
9428
3024
36585
2793
1013
, ,
189
5382
279
4003
25352
222I678O
1829
91364
9193
3204
36285
2009
563
, ,
66
4101
168
3733
48933
22234640
1830
93882
8739
3645
33355
2657
1367
154
3494
15
5609
37925
22256950
1831
88 109
9053
3492
34743
2846
9H2
230
3224
22
2844
22170
14055350
1832
91453
9987
4(i00
32060
2570
1362
, ,
799
4702
38
3736
27936
19815010
1833
78375
9325
4074
33215
3034
977
755
4818
^3
7741
58581
9866060
Emancipation Act passed,
1834
7/801
9860
3055
30495
2588
1288
486
5925
116
496
29301
17725731
Seasons favourable.
IgS.I
71017
8840
3455
26433
1820
"47
300
3985
486
Ills
59033
10593018
Ditto.
1836
61644
7707
2497
19938 874 1
646
.. 182
5224
69
227
46779
13446053
Ditto.
1837
1
1
IMPORTS OF JAMAICA for 1836.
PORTS.
From Gt. Britain.
From
West
Indies
Val.£
From North
America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val.f
No. Tons.
Val.rf
d
Tons.
Val.f
No.
Tons.
Val. £
1 1
No.l Tons. Men,
Kingston
Savanh. le Mar
Morant Bay
St. Anne's Bay
Annotto Bay
Port Maria
Port Antonio
Montego Bay
Falmouth
78023
14899
283
11307
6355
9173
3277
1233
108
2
17
6
5
9
18
17
30400
724
5229
1.572
1914
3014
6190
6020
4203
239
75.521
4354
3867
1225
3977
8022
27583
10954
88
3
4
2
3
8
28
16
11250
, 682
389
257
506
779
4372
1488
96345
6491
2859
269
2549
742
15911
12830
95
8
4
1
1
20
17
12543
902
565
•;23
141
2249
2384
47314
1073
317
421
142
780
486
40543
3909
144
5
2
2
4
97
31
9833
345
42
167
86
115
5346
1020
301461
268 17
3867
11729
8992
16479
9251
87318
27665
435
18
25
8
9
20
13
163
81
64(126
2653
6183
1614
2338
6157
1035
18157
10912
4019
1 35
3«
1-';
293
a
7-ii
Total
124550
182
S60S4
4442
135503
152
19723
137996
146J
19007
94985
286
16954
593579
772
112075
7i;»
From Elsewhere to Kingston, 55/ ; ditto to Montego Bay, 4/.
; I'
» :
pccmbcr, 183(i.
Remarks.
URiist I Destruction of
.St. Uoiniugo,
lourbon cane introduccil.
.argest sugar crop.
ilarch 2.')th t Abolition iif
African slave trade.
Hnrm in October, 1812.
[.iirgcBt coffee crop.
;torm in October, 1815.
.lAMAICA.— COMMKUCF,.
EXPORTS OF JAMAICA for 1836.
19
To Gt. Britain.
I> O R T S.
iKIiiKsfin
Isavli.leMar.
Il'nrt Miirin
],umiitt() Hay
Ist. Anne's Hay
Ipnit Antonio
I Port MDrant
iMdntcfjd Hay
ll'alMKiiitli
'i'OTAL
Val.jff No. Tons
•idinrii}
r7»i()
ifi7nfi()
6)122
lli:(<r.i2
2H19U!)
2661978
187
I'o
West
Indies
Val.f
1HH5h
218!)
I'lii
270.1
0.16
ri.ni)
I4(i4:i
7116
59452
Sl6u
46601)
51760
To Nortli
America.
Val.£
No
l.w;i7
1443
IDS
4
1
a
1.168
46170!
Hii:i()l
702I8, 155
Tons,
146.10
57:
116
237
.1.3.1
475
38!M
870
21128
To United
States.
Val.*'
Ton
474.181
6662 1
134t4i
1158:
18352
2I862
7051
1125
186
1306
367
321
36(18
2637
ro Foreign States,
Val.£ No. Tons.
3700 18
2732
1586
263
Total.
Val. £ No. Tons. Men.
185'
1'
2'
31
-2!
104
32
14086
122
86
167
1091
184 I
570s
1512'
I2I8O96
430750
261359
77016
180513
63848
166654
556798
318154
111916 110 I6ti0l|374599l 33U 2197'> 3273188
394
20
23
9
24
10
25
19"
81
782
54635
4009i
67I1I
2338 1
4009
16561
62901
27253;
12135
3544
191
371
107
283
106
328
1818
762
1190661 7510
To Elsewhere from Kingston, 2687/.
A statement of the quantity and value in sterling
Imoney of various articles of merchandize exported
It'roin the colony of Jamaica during the year 1834,
1 (Board of Trade volumes.)
Arrow root, 170,078 lbs., 7483/. Cinnamon, 2256,
MH/. Cocoa, colonial, 52,910, 1200/. Coffee, colo-
biial, 18,029,165, 612,199/. Coffee, foreign, 141,093,
LsKT/. Old copper, 71,633, 2411/. Corn, wheat. Hour,
JlCIf) barrels, 2397/. Cotton manufactures : — British
111,026,207 yards, 279,864/. Foreign, 17,915, 531/.
Miteied at value, British, 1920/. Total value of cot-
jton manufactures, 282,315/. Cotton wool, colonial,
|1 160 lbs., 60/. Foreign, 17,586, 439/. Dye and hard
voods : — Fustic, colonial, 2126^ tons, 8855/. Fo-
reign, 886, 4666/. Logwood, colonial, 8432^, 33,7 1 0/.
Foreign, 4, 18/. Mahogany, colonial, 1936 feet, 69
pieces, 184/. Foreign, 109,014 feet, 160 pieces, 2030/.
Jther dye and hard woods, colonial, 2723 feet, 1830^
Ions, 7852/. Foreign, 342,198 feet, 529 tons, 9974/.
h'otal value of dye and hard woods, 67,288/. Fruit,
value 448/. Ginger. 1,011,173 lbs., 39,466/. Hides-
number 12,825, 6936/. Indigo, 37,555 lbs., 5822/*
Iron and steel manufactures, British value, 23,648/'
Hardware and cutlery, foreign, 340/. Lime-juice*
17,708 gallons, 1070/. Linens, entered by the yard,
British, 1,881,085 yards, 67,931/. Ditto entered at
value, 691/. Ditto entered by the yard, foreign,
450,221 yards, 15,943/. Total value of linens, 84,568/.
Molasses, 50,795 gall., 3283/. Pimento, 3,271,184 lbs.
52,159/. Sarsaparilla, 67,606, 3051/. Silk manufac-
tures, British, value 81/. Foreign, 105/. Spirits: —
Rum, 3,583,861 gallons, .'150,228/. Shrub, 756, 127/.
Succadcs, value 4939/. Sugar, colonial, 156,616, 9641bs.
1,539, 94(i/. Foreign, 105,823, 1473/. Tobacco, un-
manufactured, 20,447. 483/. Tortoise shell, 5491,
6769/. Wines of all sorts, 5183 gallons, 2123/.
Wood, spars, number 18,95', 3084/. Other sorts,
value 442/. Woollens entered by the yard, British,
60,409 yards, 6847/. Miscellaneous articles, value
32,626/. Total 3,148,797/.
A return of the Staple Exports of Jamaica, from the 10th October, 1836, to the 10th October, 1837*
;xtreme drought.
;r. Canning's resolutions
relative to slavery,
levere drouglit in I8JI.
:mancipatlon Act pas? cd.
leasons favourable,
iitto.
(itto.
Total.
Val.f
1 1
No.! Tons. Men.
301461
435: 64026, 4010
268 17
181 26,53
IJJ
3867
25 6183
M
11729
8
1614
P
8992
9
233B
fii
16479
20
5157
•i»i
9251
13
1035
Hi
87318
163
18157
w;
27665
81
10912
ya
593579
772
112075
7i;»
Kingston and Old Harbour . .
Morant Bay and Port Morant
Port Antonio
Port Maria and Annotto Bay. .
Falmouth, Rio Bucno, and St.
Ann's Bay
Montego Bay and Lucea . .
Sav. la Mar and Black River
Sugar
•
Rum.
Pchs. Hds.
CO
■3 Ginger.
S i
Cks.' Casks.
Pimento.
Coffee.
Hhds. Trs.
Barrels
Cks.' Bags.
Lbs.
12565 1136
4288 1036
1361 267
6869 1137
10968 1352
14509 1833
5687 727
1121
72
65
146
183
483
166
4223 308
1394 79
317 1
2885 153
4181 103
6461 ; 307
1847; 20
16
44
113
534
28
95
1
269
3365
1226
192
7
10
18
227
6027
141
1259
3195
28188
5106
3622
47934.54
111523
4920
110601
1046.534
41568
2846578
56247 7488
2286
21308 970
173
5518
47538
8955178
Custom House, Kingston, Jamaica, December 30, 1837.
XI I. The monetary system in the West Indies is
k'ry irregular. In no two islands are the denomina-
lion and value of the coins alike ; and these, again,
pry in proportion to the sterling money — thus :
Stcrlinsf.
Cur.
Doll. Cur.
Jamaica . . 100/.=
= 140/.
1=6«. 8(/.
Rarbadoes . . 100/.
135/.
1 6s. 3d.
Windward Isles, ex-
cept Barbadoes 100/.
175/.
1 Ss. 3d.
Leeward Isles . "00/.
200/.
1 9s. Od.
As regards Jamaica this is the nominal par of ex-
lliange. In real transactions of buying or selling
bills, the exchange is thus adjusted : If bills bear a
premium, say 20 percent, then a bill for 100/. ster-
ling is said to be eiiual to 120/. sterling; this latter
sum, turned into Jamaica currency at 40 per cent,
makes a bill for 100/. sterling require about 168/.
currency. Gold — Doubloons, equal to 16 dollars ; half
doubloons, 8 dollars ; pistole, 4 dollars ; Joe, 16^ dol-
lars; half joe, 8i dollars; dollar, 1 dollar; sovereign,
5 dollars; half sovereign, 2i dollars; half pistole, 2
dollars. Silver — Dollar equal to 6s. 8(/. currency ;
half dollar, 3s. 4(/. ; maccaioni. Is. 8(/. ; shilling ster-
ling. Is. 8(i. ; sixpence sterling, lOii.; half crown ster-
ling, 4s. 2d. i two bits piece. Is. bd. tenpenny piece-
J!
1 1
t
1
11
:
I i
i
20
JAMAICA.— MONETARY SYSTF.M, nANKING. Stc.
lOf/. ; fivcpence, Tk/. ; bit, Ti'/. No copper coins in
circiilntion in tiiis island, silvrr nnd j;ol(l nione. I'aiu'f
currency. — AnnuMit in circulation bearing intcicst,
none. Amount in circulation not bearing intcri'st,
•2'M>,'^\>^1. st'j;. Ali'tHlliccurnncy estimated at lOO.OOO/.
The distribution of tlie certificates in circulation,
from 1822 to tlic vcar 1h;{2, is as follows :— Of 1H22,
()4:)/. ; lH2r), f).'-).').''./. ; IHlTi, 4 1,2();U. ; 1827, '!),!)2H/. ;
1828, f>l,74H. ; 1H2!», :U»,y(M/. ; IH.'JO, yr>,4!)!)/. ; IH.'U,
10,H25<. ; 1832, 12,000/.; and of 18;{2, comprisinR \l.
21. and .^/. certificates in circulation, was 4',),Hri4/.
Amount of paper money in circulation in I8;)3 :—
Certificates not bearing interest (A.) (checks forcircu-
lation of various denominations as low as W. currency,
purporting to be payable in cash to bearer on demand
nt the public treasury of the island. There is, how-
ever, no specie in the chest to cover any part of the
sum,), 28'), 713/. 1 \.i, C)d. ; certificates bearing interest
( B.) (certificates of fiO/. currency each, issued under the
authority of commissioners. They bear interest at
(> i)cr cent., but have no time specified for payment.),
',V2jm}l.C>s.'Jd.; certificatcsbearinginterest(C.) (certifi-
cates of loans which have fallen due, and arc payable
to bearer on demand at the |)ublic treasury.) 24,8,')7/.
•2.1. 10(/. ; total, ;i43,271/. Is. sterling. The legal rate of
interest is six percent.; the Government borrow at five.
Course of Exchange paid on Merchants drafts on
London, at 90 days, during the year 183(). In Jan-
uary, IC) percent, premium; February, 15 to 1(J ;
March, 14 to l.''>; April, 14; May, KH; June, 13^;
July, 12 to 13; August, 12 to 13; Sei)tcmber, IC;
October, Ki^; November, l(iHol7; December, 19.
The Colonial IJank for the West Indies, which has
its head quarters in Jamaica, was incorporated by
charter on the 31st May, 1836, with a capital of
2,000,000/. sterling, in 20,000 shares of lOn/. each, 2,')
l)er cent, paid up before commencing business. Its
management is confided to a chairman, vice-chairman,
thirteen other directors, and three auditors.
Five directors and one auditor retire in rotation
annually, each however being eligible to be re-elected.
Five shares give one vote ; ten shares two votes ,
twenty shares three votes ; forty shares and upwards
four votes, for a director, &c. ; and twenty shares form
the qualification for a director.
All the business and proceedings of tbc bank man-
aged and directed under the immediate orders of these
directors, rt yearly stated meetings, and at public
general meetings of the proprietors, called by at least
twenty days' notice in the jjublic newspapers in Lon-
don. Sjiecial general meetings may be called in a
similar manner by any ten subscribers, each possess-
ing 1000/. stock or u])wards. Subscribers entitled to
vote may vote by proxy, but which proxy must be a
subscriber, and produce a written authority to the
secretary for that purpose. The practical banking
operations of the Colonial Bank are confined to the
British West Indies, and its capital can only be applied
to the legitimate and defined system of banking. The
■words of the charter itself, which are —
" To carry on the business of bankers, by dealing
generally in bullion, money, and bills of exchange,
nnd lending money on commercial jiapcr and govern-
ment securities, and in such other lawful ways and
means as are usually practised among bankers ; but it
shall not be lawful for the said corporation to lend or
advance money on the security of lands, houses, or
tenements, or upon ships, nor to deal in general wares
or merchandise of any nature or kind whatsoever ;"
moreover, " and further, that the said corporation
thall be bound to make up and publish in some news-
paper or newspapers, circulating in each of the colo-
nies, where a bank shall bo cstiil)lishcd, and also in
the London Gazette, once in every year, an account
or statement shewing the whole amoinit of its delits
and assets at the close of the past year, and shewing
also the amount of its notes jiayahle on demand,
which had been in circulation during such month ol
every year, together with the amount of specie, dis.
tinguishing each kind, and other assets imnicdiatclv
available in every such month for the discharge of
such notes; and that the said corporation shall I'urnisli
co])ies of such yearly amount or statement to the res-
pective Governors of such Island or Colony, in which
a principal bank or banks shall be establishe<l."
According to the terms of the charter, the bank is
allowed to possess lands, houses, and tenements, and
ships, so far as may be necessary for carrying on the
business of the establishment every where, but for
that i)urpose only ; and of course it has the power to
purchase and to sell the same.
The shares are of course transferable, and the char-
ter lays down simple rules in order to save expense in
this operation. Silver, not gold, is taken as the stan-
dard of value. The notes of the bank are payable " in
silver of acknowledged weight and fineness," and dol-
lars arc taken as the foundation and medium of pay-
ment, those being the almost universal currency of the
whole 'Western World. The lowest note that the
bank can issue is to the value of live dollars. The
head (piartcrs of the bank is in London.
The system ujjon which the bank is established is
wholly that which is designated the Scotch system.
One peculiar feature of which is lending money nt
legal interest in what is denominated cash credits,
granted on adequate personal security; these credits
are not things of a day, a month, or a year, they exist
for a life time at the will, or on the life and the sol-
vency of the individual holding them, or of his secu-
rities. If a security dies or becomes insolvent an( tlur
is required and procured, and the credit proceeds.
It is gone about thus : the individual in any businc ss
or in any station requiring such a credit, comes to the
bank and says, I want a cash credit for 100/, for 100(1/.
or for 10,000/., and here with my own personal secu-
rity, is that of two or more friends to your satisfac-
tion. Satisfied with the security offered, a simple
bond is entered into, the credit is granted, and from
that moment the individual operates upon it ; lie
draws out as he wants, and he pays in as he Is able,
and at the end of the year if the balance is against
him, he is merely charged the interest for that sum,
according to the time in which such balance has
arisen.
The rate at which the Colonial Bank discount mer-
cantile bills, and advance money on loans, is five per
cent, per annum. Besides this, the bank allow inte-
rest on deposit accounts, according to tlie Scotcli
system, which is of two kinds — First, money deposited
by any one to-day, and which may be drawn out to-
morrow, or when the depositor pleases, in order to
meet his engagements ; Secondly, sums lodged on
receipt accounts, which it is generally known will run
for a year, when the depositor comes and receives his
interest, adds it, and probably more or less to the sum,
deposits the whole, and gets another receipt, bearing
interest. This system is most extensively followed
by the peasantry and labouring population in Scot-
land, beginning from .")/. or 10/., and running up to
200/. In 1826 it was ascertained that the amount of
money thus deposited in hanks by this portion of the
population of Scotland was upwards of 13000000/.
sterling. On such deposits a higher rate of inteieil
than the other can be allowed.
JAMAICA.— STAri.K PnODHCTS, PRICES AND TROPF-RTY.
21
iiblislicd, and nlso in
'cry yi'nr, an arcoiitit
amount of its (li'l)ts
ist yuftr, and siicwin;,'
payaljli' on demand,
uring sucli mouth of
nount of specie, dis-
r Hsai'ts immediately
for the discliar(;c of
jioration shall furnish
statement to the res-
I or Colony, in wiiieii
e established."
: charter, the bank is
, and tenements, and
y for carrying on the
every where, but for
ie it has the power to
ifcrablc, and the chnr-
dcr to save expense in
, is taken as the stnn-
bank are payable " in
id fineness," and dol-
I and medium of i)ny-
ivcrsal currency of tlic
ovvest note that tlio
of live dollars. The
London.
bank is established is
il the Scotch system.
is lending money iit
minatcd cash credits,
iccurity ; these credits
1, or a year, they exist
II the life and the snl-
I them, or of his secu-
mes insolvent am tlur
the credit proceeds,
idual in any Inisiniss
credit, comes to the
dit fori 00^ for 1000/.
y own personal seeii-
nds to your satisfac-
ity offered, a simple
is granted, and from
perates upon it ; lie
pays in as he is able,
iie balance is against
nterest for that sinii,
:h such balance has
d Bank discount mer-
■y on loans, is five pcf
the bank allow intc-
rding to the Scotch
'irst, money deposited
may be drawn out to-
pleases, in order to
lly, sums lodged on
erally known will run
ames and receives his
ore or less to the sum,
other receipt, bearing
extensively followid
population in Scot-
„ and running up tn
d that the amount ot
)y this portion of the
wards of 130000PO/.
gher rate of interebt
The following are the stations where the (Ndoninl
Hiiiik have already estidilished branelu's : — Head
liiamhes, narbaddis, St Thomas, Jamaica ; Minor
l)iaiiili''s, De'iienuii, Tiilingo, Trinidad, (iniuida, St.
Vincents, St. Luein, Doiiiiuiea, Antigua, St. Kitts,
Santa Croi\, and I'orto Rico. There are four de|)eii-
(lent or minor branches in .lamaica, besides the liead
hnuuh in Kingston, viz. Montego Hay, Falmouth,
Siviinnah la Mar, and St Thomas in the I'.ast. It is
intended to establish branches in Cuba, at llavnnnah
iind St. Jngo de Cuba. There are iiticnts in New York,
(Quebec, llaliliix, and St. John's New Hrnnswick, &c.
This bank is chielly indebted to Mr. James Mc
(jneeii for its projection, and to James Irving, Ksq.,
for its establishment. It is calculated to etfect great
giidd in the West Indies.
Tin re are two local banks in Jamaica.
Mil. At an early period the sugar cane was exten-
sively cultivated by the Spaniards in Jamaica ; and in
li'i'l Trnphan speaks of the numerous complicated
sugar works, like a town or village, in various parts of
l!ie island. In 17HM, M. Martin, a French botanist,
introduced the Otnheite cane into (."ayenne and Mar-
tinieo, from the Isle of France, whither it had been
hiought by Bougainville.
Although the Sjianiards at first attended to the cul-
tivation of sugar, it was sul)se(piently n','.,'lected. In
the year 174H, the chief productions of Jamaica were
toeoa, indigo, and hides; the cultivatioi of sugar had
just re-commenced. The increase in the growth c)f
this staple article of the island has l)ecn as follows : —
17:i-', 1 1,000 hogsheads were exported ; 1 ":'.!), Xi,\:i^ ;
I74f, ;<:'), 7C)1 ; 17()H, .').'-),000; 1774, 7K,;i04 ; 1790,
10:.,400; 1K02, 140 0U0; IK.VJ, 1,200,000 ewts. Gov.
Kiiowles's calculation, in n.'i.'i, w'as 2, 12s, 431 acres
ungranted, out of which 400,000 are plantnble ; of
these, 100,000 are fit for growing sugar, and the rest
for cotfee ; the remaining 1,7'2S,4H1 consist of barren
iivinntains, &c. A return was made about the year
17.').'>, of properties in the parish of St. Andrew's, and
their produce, to the lioard of Trade. In this, an
estate called Norbrook, the property of Charles Long,
Ksq., is thus entered : — " 2222 acres, .^)") hogsheads of
sugar, nine puncheons of rum ; five acres in codec,
producing 2;)72cwt.; 100 acres in provision ground ;
.')00 in pen and pasture; five servants, 1;)3 negroes,
and 8r> head of cattle. Indifferent land — iome parts
rocky and mountainous." This estate, in the return
ofl7U3, is put at sixty hogsheads. The cultivation
of Jamaica in 1818, according to Mr. Robertson's
survey, was, in sugar plantations, (>39,000 acres ; in
breeding farms or pens, 280,000; and in coffee, pimento,
ginger, &c. 181,000. Total, 1,100,000.
The quantity of sugar now made in Jamaica is very
great, and the importations into great Britain have
for some years averaged 1,400,000 cwts.; which, rated
so low as 21,«. per cwt., would give nearly onf million
and a half steiiins'. The Jamaica sugar is of a very
fine quality ; and by the improved systems of culture
and manufacture coming into operation, there is little
doubt but that the quantity and quality may yet be
more extended. The (juantity of rum made from the
sugar is also very great ; the annual average cxporta-
tions to England may be taken at 3,.')()0,000 gallons,
which may be estimated in value at 1,000, 000/. sterling.
The Jamaica rum is an excellent spirit. Of coffee,
and thit too of excellent quality, the quantity grown
in Jamaica is very great; and the importation into
Great Britain nearly 20,000,000 lbs. yearly, which, at
the low value of Is. i)er pound, i unothcr milium
t-terling. The coffee-plant was first introduced into
Jamaica by Sir Nicholas Lawes, in 1728, where it was
cultivated on nn estate called Temple Hull, In Lingua-
nea. An net (d' legislature of the island was passed,
to enc:ourage its growth ; and in 1732, eolfee was
advertised in a Jamaica paper at a pistole n pound.
In 17.'>2, there were exported (io.OOd lbs.; and in 177.">,
440,000 lbs. Until 17HH, little attention was paid to
this singular bi'rry. In the four years ending 30tli
Septi'iiilier, 17'.M, the average exportation of colVee
was 1,(;03,0(;(; Ibs.; in 1 HOI, it amounted to 22, 000, 000
lbs. ; and during three years ending ,'<Oth of Septem-
ber, IH07, the average exportation was more than
2H,.'')00,000 lbs., which, at (>l. per cwt., its cost in
Jamaica, produced more than 1,700,001)/.
Thecotlee plant thrives in almost every soil al)outthe
mountains of Jamaica, and in the very driest spots
has fretpiently produced very abundant crops. The
produce of sugar, coffee, Itc., may be seen under the
liead of exports.
Cotton, indigo, and cocoa were at one time exten-
sively cultivated ; but they have principally given
place to sugar and cotl'ee. Hlome, who publi.shed a
short account of Jamaica in I()72, mentions the exist-
ence of sixty cocoa walks. At present there can
scarcely be said to be a plantation in tbewhile island.
\'arious drugs, dye stutl's, and spices, are of excellent
(pinlity. Aloes, cochineal, spikenard, canella, li(|Uo-
riee root, castor oil nut, vanilla, peppers, arrow root,
ginger, ipecacuanha, scaminony, jalap, cassia, euphor-
bia, senna, tec., all attest the fruitfulness and capabi-
lities of the soil and climate. Tiie cultivated vegeta-
bles of Europe arrive at great perfection. Maize is
the principal corn grown, and together with cala-
vaiices, the yam and sweet potatoe, cassava, &c., form
the chief food of the negroes. Various grasses thrive,
but Guinea grass abounds ; and, in conseciuence of its
indispensable importance in feeding the cattle which
supply manura for the sugar idanlations, it is con-
sidered next in impoitance to the sugar cane. It
was introduced into the island in the early part of the
last c ..cury by accident, having been forwarded with
some Guinea birds that were sent as a present. The
birds died, the seed was thrown away, the grass
S])rung up, and the cattle were observed to devour it
eagerly. Attention was accordingly paid to the
subject. It now grows all over the island, thriving
in the ni ist rocky places, and rendering (like sainf in)
lands productive that were heretofore considered
barren, and making good hay, if salted or sprinkled
with sea-water when being ricked. The native and
exotic grasses are excellent for cattle and horses ; in
particular that called the Scotch grass, which vegetates
rapidly, and grows to the height of five or six feet,
with long and juicy joints. Five horses may he fed
for a year on an acre of this vegetable, allowing each,
every day, .lO lbs. of grass.
Of vegetables, potatoes (Irish and sweet), yams,
cassava, peas and beans of every variety, artichokes,
beet-root, carrots, and parsnips, cucumbers and to-
matoes, radishes, celery, choco, ochro, Lima beans,
Indian kale, calalue, various salads, cabbage trees
(200 feet high !) &c., all flourish in abundance ; and
indeed, it may be said that autumn is perpetual in
Jamaica, for every month presents a fresh collation of
fruits and vegetables, and some species are at matu-
rity all the year round. The bread-fruit tree, cocoa-
nut, jdantain and banana, alligator pear, the delicious
mellow fig, pine, cashew, papaw, and custard apples,
orange, lime, lemon, mango, grape, guava, pomegra-
nate, soursop, shaddock, plums, tamarind, melon,
wall and chestnut, mulberry, olive, date, citron, and
many other delicious fruits, all arrive at perfection.
JAMAICA.— CAYM \N Dr'TENDENCIES.
The followinR in n giimnmry for Ih:i:» of tlio number
of stock, or lionii'd ciittk', 'iiid tlii" ()imlitity of liiiul in
cultivation iind pastiuv ; tlii'iie rcturnH arc givun in
on onth : —
Cumity MlilUlocx.
Parlshci.
.Stock.
St. ( Htlicrlnu
4B7B
St. 1 lintniiM In
the Vule
:nsr
.St. John . .
Uh.^
St. Dorothy .
:):i.'>H
Vcro
iiiiao
Claiendon
ftldifl
Manchester .
'JHTi
,st. Anne . .
i;l.^(i!)
St. Mary . .
N<JIIO
lotal
654l«
County Hnrrcy.
AcrcH of
Lund,
64r(iH I
-till lit j
IhltHjd
i;ii:i7"
•J4.trrti
l'J-272fl
ParlshcR.
I Acres
Stock, of
Land.
l)2ti4N6
County Cornwall.
Ilnnover . .'
'Irclnwncy
St. KUzabeth i
St. Jiinieit .,
WcBtmureland'
i4.'>s:i
HIM
i;():n
18047
Klnitston
;)in
:i()iu
Port Royal .
4(l»
UtlUOH
St. Andri'W
21811
7U18.'>
.St. 'I'honiHs In
tlic I'.ast
n:i(U
i;ii:t!):i
St. David
1771
46H,W
Portland . .
lH8-i
t;)»37
St tieorge
Total
3707
mr-i
itiiss
■.m>M6
The Jamaica Almanac for
1H3;I, whence I derive this
1I.')741 Ktatenient, Is so Inipcrleeti)-
Ifirt9l7 printed that whole columns
■2ltjr>H are llU'itihle, and even the
14.^4,^(1 lisuniniings up are inerrrect)
17'2lfi(l '1 haxe endeavoured to com-
iplote the retnrn by a rcler-
Totol I 83373 818U9U |encu to the returns for 1832.
II
Prices of ProilHci' in W.\C,. [n.B.]— Horned cattle,
20/. each ; sheep, 'il. ; goats, '21. ; swine, 2/. ; milk,
].».;<(/. per quart ; salt butter, '2a. M. per lb ; cheese,
l.v. H(/. ; wbcatcn bread, "ihd. 1 7 oz. ; beef, 10(/. per lb ;
mutton, 'Is. \d.; pork, \s.; rice, lOii. per (pinrt ;
uott'ce, \s. Sd. per (piart; ten, l!'is. per lb.; sugar,
!()(/.; salt, .li/. ; wine, per bottle, from '.\s. 4d. to
lis. Hd. ; brandy, II. per gallon ; beer, 1*. 8d. per bot-
tle ; tol)acco, T)/. per cwt.
IVdi^fs for ImIioui'. [B. IV] — Domestic, per week,
1 (Js Sd. ; predial, per day, 2.v. (i(/. to 3«. 4r/. ; trades, ^>s.
It is ditticult to form a definite idea of the amount
of property in any place. Mr. Cohpihoun, in IHl:;,
estimated Jamaica thus: — Negroes, Iy,2.')0,(i00/. ; cul-
tivated lands, (H0i),4r)0 acres) Ifi.lH'j.OOO/. ; unculti-
vated, {1,914,H12 acres) 1,'.)14,H1 2/. ; buildings, uten-
sils, S:c., on estates, 12,70'.l,4.')0/. ; stock on estaies,
4,H00,0()0/.; houses, stores, inercbandizeand furniture,
2,000,(100/.; colonial shipping, 42,000/.; metallic money,
220,000/.; forts, barraekfi, &c., 1,000,000/. ;— total,
118,12."), 298/. sterling. The same authority estimated
the productions (innualli/ raised, including cattle,
esculents, &c., at 1 1,1 09, 001/. ; exports to the United
Kingdom, r),88.'>,;«'J/.; and to the other places,, •?84,;<22/.
It will be observed, therefore, that in the following
statement I have undervalued the yearly creation and
total amount of property in Jamaica.
Nature and value of property annually created,
moveable and immoveable, in .sterling money (1834).
Mr. Bridges estimates the ' internal value and in-
trinsic cost of Jamaica," in 182f), thus: — "Slaves,
24,000,000/. ; lands, patented, 18,000,000/. ; forts and
barracks, 1,000,000/.; private buildings, 12,000,000/.;
stock, &c., .'1,000,000/. ; gold and silver coin, 200,000/. ;
total, 00,200,000/. sterling." There seems to be no
calculation for roads, wharfs, bridges and other items.
Property (mniiiilly created or prepared. — Sugar,
l,.')00,000cwt.at20«. 1,. 500,000/.; rum. 3,000,000 gal-
lons, at \s. C,d., 225,000/. ; molasses, .'iO.OOO gallons,at
10(/. 2,083/.; coffee, 20,000,000 lbs., at 7(/.. r^OOfiSM. ;
pimcnto,5,000,0001bs.,at4(/., 83,000/.; cotton, 50,000
lb«., nt fid., I2ft0/.: vegetable food, at .1/. per unniim
each [I take the total population of Jatnaicn nt 400,000,
some say it is nearer 500,000.] 1,200,000/.; anunul
food and tlsh, nt 5/. per annum caeb. 2,000,000/. ;
Domestic nianufacturi'.s — Carpentering, tailoring,
smithing, Ike, 2,000,000/. ; income and sundriuM,
1,000,000/.
Property moveahle und imniorenhte. — Land : Acres
cultivated or p,\teiited [There are 2,23.'), "32 acres id'
land in Jamaica for which (|uit rent.s nie paid to the
crown. Mr. Ilurge thinks that at least 2,000,000 acres
are cultivnted.] 2,240,000, at 10/, 22,400,000/. ; acres
ungranted, or waste, 2,000,00(1, «t .Vv., 500,000/. Pub-
lic property, viz., forts, barracks, roads, wharfs, hos-
|)itnl8, gaols, buildings, Jtc, 10,000,(>00/. Domestic
property : dwelling houses, stores, furniture, plate,
clo'ihes, etpiipages, &c,, 5,000,000/. Horned cattle,
horses, sheep, swine, poultry, Ike, 1,000,000/. Ma-
chinery, agricultural and manufacturing implements,
ships, boats, roads, Kc, 5,000,000/. Metallic money in
circulation, 100,000/.
Tol.ll amount annually created property, 8,58 1,2P3/.
Total amount of moveable and iinmoveal)le property,
4-l,;iOO,(IOO/. Taking the number of slaves in the
island, in round numbers, at 300,000, and valuing
them at 30/. each, there would be a sum of 9,000,000/,
to add to this. Happily, however, it is no longer
necessary to make such calculations.
XIV. The Caymans which are a dependency of
Jamaica are tbree small isles, in lat. 19. 20. N.;
fiom thirty to forty leagues N.N.W. from Point
Negrill, on the westward of Jamaica, the Grand
Cayman being the most remote. Cayman-brarpie
and Little Cayman lie within five miles of each
other, and about 34 miles N. from the Grand Cayman,
which is about one mill and a half long, and one mile
broad, and containing about l.OOO acres. Grand
Cayman (the only island inhabited) is so low that it
cannot be seen from a ship's quaiter-deck more than
1 2 or 1 5 miles off, and at some distance the lofty trees
on it appear like a grove of masts emerging from the
ocean. It has no harliour, but the ancbornge on the
S.W. coast is moderately good ; on the other, or N. E.
side, it is fortified with a reef of rocks, between which
and the shore, in smooth water, the inbr.bitants have
their crauls, or pens, for keeping turtle in. The soil
towards the middle of the island is very fertile, pro-
ducing corn and vegetables in plenty, while hogs and
poultry find ample provender.
Columbus discovered these islands on his return
from Porto Hello to Hispaniola, and observing the
coast swarming with turtle, like ridges of rocks, he
called them I.ns Tortuf'as.
The Caymans were never occupied by the Spani-
ards, but became the general resort of adventurers
or rovers, (chietiy French,) for the sake of the
turtle.
In lf)55, when Jamaica was taken by England, the
Caymans were still uninhabited. Mr. Long states
them to have reckoned in 1774 to the number of 10(i
white men, women, and children. The bishop of
Jami-.ica in 1827 estimated the inhabitants at l.CiOO.
The present race of inhabitants are said to he
descended from the English Buccaneers, and, being
inured to the sea, form excellent pilots and seamen :
they have a chief or government officer of their own
choosing, and they frame their own regulations; jus-
tices of the peace are appointed from Jamaica, but in
no other way are the inhabitants interfered with by
the authorities in the chief settlement to which they
undoubtedly belong.
0(1, nt I/, per «nnnin
oUamiiifant •10(),00{»,
l,l'()ll,()(l()/. ; nniiniil
m iiifh. 2.0()(),0(i<)/. ;
rponti'iiiif;, tdiliiriii;;,
iiomc Hiid siindriis,
"eahle. — Land : Acres
re 2,235, 7:{-' acres ui
rents aic paid to tlic
least l',0(IO,00() acres
., 2^,400, 00(1/. ; acres
it ft*., .'■>()0,0()0/. Fiili-
9, roads, wharfs, hos-
,000,000/. Domestic
res, rurnituro, plate,
DOO/. Horned cattle,
tc, 1,000,000/. Ma-
hcturing implements,
0/. Metallic money in
» property, 8,ft81,2P,1/.
nimoveat)le pro|)ert>,
ler of slaves in the
S00,000, and valuinj;
! a sum of 9,000,000/.
sver, it is no longer
ons.
ire a dependency of
in lat. ID. 20. N. ;
S'.N.W. from Point
Jamaica, the Grand
te. Cayman-bratpie
five miles of each
m the Grand Cayman,
df long, and one mile
1,000 acres. Grand
ted) is so low that it
arter-deck more than
istance the lofty trees
ts emerging from the
;hc ancliorage on the
)n the other, or N. \\.
ocks, between which
the inliF.bitants have
turtle in. The soil
i is very fertile, pro-
snty, while hogs and
lands on his return
and observing the
ridi^es of rocks, ho
pied by the Spani-
fsort of adventurers
the sake of the
ken by England, the
Mr. Long states
the number of lOfi
. The bishop of
labitants at 1 ,()00.
nts are said to be
cancers, and, being
pilots and seamen :
officer of their own
m regulations ; jiis-
om Jamaica, but in
interfered with hy
nient to which they
CHAITER n.— TRINIDAD.
Skction I. — Trinidad extends from I.at. 9.30 to
10, M N. and Long. CO. 30 to ("11.20 VV. separated
from the province of Cumana, on the S. American con-
fiiifiit, by thegulfof I'aria; '.)() miles long by .'>0 broad,
wifli nn area of 2100 sipiare miles, or l.'i3(>0()0 acres.
11. (,'lnistopher Columbus, was the discoverer of
this fertile isle, on the 31st July, M'.IH, during his
third yoyage. According to some, it was named Tiitii-
ilitil by (;olund)ui, while distant 13 leagues S. K. from
it, on account of the tlirci' mountain tops seen in that
jjosition : according to others, in conformity to the
piety of the times, in honour of the Uolv Trinity.
The island was then densely peopled by Caribs of a
niilcl disposition, of much industry, tincly formed, and
of a lighter colour than the aborigines or inhabitants
(if the other islands. These people remained unmo-
lested until the Spaniards took possession of Trinidad
in l.'iHH, when they fell a sacrifice to the cupidity and
r<'ligious bigotry of the C^astilians, who, as in Jamaica,
drafted off to the mines those who escaped a more
sanguinary death by lire or the sword ; but a few, in-
deed, were saved by the ajiostle of the New World —
the benign, the eln(|uent, the heroic Las Casas. The
occupying Spaniards forced the Indians to cultivate,
as servants, that which they once held as masters,
niul negroes were brought in from Africa to aid their
labours. Sir Walter Ualeigh visited 'I'rinidadin I.'i'J.'),
and state-i that the inhabitants then cultivated excel-
lent tobacco and sugar canes. The Spaniards, to
divert his attention, described to him the KlDorado,
where the rivers were full of gold dust ; but, on
Raleigh's return from exploringthc Orinoco, he entered
into a treaty with the Indians (then at mortal enmity
with the Spaniards), marched with them, attacked and
carried by assault the capital of San Josef, and put
the garrison of 30 men to the sword : the Knglish
Government disowned this action of hostilities. Spain
paid little attention to her valuable possession, being
then fully occupied with conquests on the contiguous
continent. In \C>7Ci Trinidad was captured by the
French, but almost immediately restored to Spain.
The population and trade of Trinidad were subse-
(luently almost extinguished, and, in 1783, the island
contained but a very small number of inhabitants con-
sidering its long settlement; viz. whites 12(), free
coloured 2'J5, slaves 310, and Indians 2,032; while
its sole commerce consisted in bartering cocoa and
indigo for coarse cloths and agricultural implements
with the smugglers from St. Eustatia.
The number of inhabitants, as will be seen under the
head of population, rapidly increased ; and, as a mixed
society, containing the germs of so many evil passions,
required vigorous control, a strong uovernment was
I formed under Don Josef Chacon, a naval captain, one
I of whose earliest measures was the expulsion of the
[dissolute monks, the prevention of the demoniacal in-
I quisition, the granting of fertile lands to nev/ colo-
j nists, with advances from the royal treasury to pur-
I chase cattle and implements of husbandry, and the
I providing freedom and safety for mercantile specu-
Jlations. The revolution in France, and the disturb-
janecs in her colonies, added numbers and wealth to
JTrinidad; the whole face of the island was changed ;
land, in four years, the magnificent capital of Port of
iSpain usurped the place of a few miserable fishero'
I palm-leaved huts. Trinidad was then a sixth depen-
[dant on the government of Caraccas,
On the Ifith of February, 17!>7, Admiral Harvey,
with four sail of the line, appeared cdf Trinidad: the
Spanish Rear Admiral, ,\|)o(liK'n, who then anchored
at Chagaranius with three tir.it rate ships r)f the line
and a line frigate ; insit ad of giving battle to llHrv<'y,
hitrni'd hi.i .ihiii\, — and retreated to I'ort of Spain.
General Sir Ralph Abererombie, with 4,000 men,
marched to Port of Spain, and, after a few discharges
i of artillery, Trinidad became a British colony.
! The following is a list of the (iovernors of Trinidad
'since its occupation by the British: — IHOI. General
(then Colonel) Sir Thomas Picton. 1H02. Three
Commissioners for the olllce of (iovernor and (-'oin-
mander-in-Chief, — Colonel Fidlerton, (ieneral Picton,
and Commodore Hood. 1H03. Major-( ieneral llislop.
I«I2. Sir R. Woodford, Bart. \h-2H. Major-tieneral
Sir L. Grant. 1h33. The Right Hon. Sir G.F. Hill,
Bart. [The appointment (d' three Commissioners in
|H02 did not succeed as was expected, for they soon
disagreed in the measures necessary to carry on the
government.]
III. Trinidad appeors, at a distance, like an iinnicnse
ridge of rocks along its whole N. front : but, on enter-
ing the (lulf of Paria, one of the most magniliceut,
variegated, richly luxuriant panoramas that nature
ever formed, in presented to the eye of the voyager ;
To the E. the waves of the mighty Orinoco dispute
for the empire of the ocean with contending billows ;
the lofty mountains of Cumana rise from tlie bosom
of the horizon in stupendous majesty ; and on the W.
appear the cupe, headlands, mountains, hills, vallies
and plains of Trinidad, enamelled with eternal ver-
dure, and presenting a coti/i d'a-il of which the old
world affords no parallel. The view from the block-
house is magnifieent, the deep blue waters of the
gulf with the white-sailed light canoes in the dis-
tance ; to the left the sjilcndid capital of Trinidad, in
front, the mountains of Cumana ; and, on the right,
the picturesque valley of Diego Martin, extending
across the island to the Atlantic, with its carefully
cultivated fields and deep foliaged woods. The bat-
teries of Fort George rise in succession from the gulf
shores to the barracks, 1,200 feet above the level of
the sea, — a range of slightly elevated mountains oc-
cupy the N. coast ; a group of finely wooded flat or
round topped hills the centre ; and a chain of fertile
evergreen downs the S. coast of the island. The
fecundity of the soil, its gigantic and magnificent
vegetation, (compared with which the loftiest Eu-
ropean trees are like dwarfish shrubs, and our love-
liest flowers appear pale and inanimate,) its beautiful
rivers, enchanting slopes, forests of palms, groves of
citrons, and hedges of spices and perfumes, — its suc-
culent roots, delicious herbs and fruits, abundant and
nourishing food on the earth, in the air, and in the
water ; — in fine its azure skies, deep blue seas, fertile
glades, and elastic atmosphere, have each and all com-
bined to crown Trinidad with the appellation of The
Indian Paradise.
Puerto D'Eitjiana, or Port of Spain, the capital of
Trinidad, embosomed in an amphitheatre of hills, is
one of the finest towns in the West Indies. The nu-
merous buildings are of an imposing appearance, and
constructed of massive cut stone. No houses are
allowed to be erected of wood, or independent of a
prescribed form : the streets are wide, long, (shaded
with trees), and laid out in parallel lines from the land
4r1
'I!
;
1
\ 1
i
>
i
*i
2t
TRINU)AI).— Or.OnRAPIIY.
to the «r«, Intrrsfcti'd, hut not iiiti rcoptrd liy cnws
otrrctf, thii« cntchiiiK rvrry \nvf7.i' tliiit hliuvs ; ■ml
111 in niont tropical countilcH, tliiTi' is n ili'li^^'litliil ciii-
Imwi'i't'd public wnlk. Ainiini; tlii' priiicip:il liiiililJnKH
till' Protc^tniit cliiircli Htniidn ('iiuMpicuininly and luiiu-
lil'Mliy siruiitc, with n laiKr cncliMcd lawn in tViiiit,
hui'i'DUiuK'd (III two sidi H hy the licst houses of the
capital ; the interior of the church U Kiipcrh, nnd nt
the snine time eleKunt, its nweepin;; roof and nislelcss
Hides hein^; varieKnted with the various rich woods of
the inlnnd, tastefully nrrniiKcd ; there is also n splen-
did Itonian Catholic church, and well situate; niid un
extensive market-plnce, with market house and sham-
hU's, all built Hince the burning of the town in IHOH,
of Imndsome cut stone.
The Port (d' Spain is divi<lc(l Into bnrrios or dis-
tricts, each under the supcrintenduuce cd' nicnides or
masistrntcs and olticcrs, who are responsible for the
cleanliness of the streets, for the resulatint; nnd order
of the markets, and for the due execution of the law
in their several divisions ; hence the polii y ami j;oo(l
order established in the capital is admirable. 'I'heSt.
James' barracks for the accommodation of (iod men
are substantially, and I may add, beautiliilly erected,
on a line plain, about a mile from the capital.
Fort GeorRU commands the pass leadin;^ to Die^'o
Martin's valley, nnd in tlu' event of war, a W\\ judi-
ciously disposed fortilicntions at tlie other entraiucs
to the iivti'rior of the country would render the island
imprei^nnblc. The entrenchments i\ic elevated doiif;
several ridges nnd round hacked divisions, with a vn-
rii'ty of surface : some parts of which nrc sullicicntly
Hat for the erection of military works, nnd on the best
(d' these, nt the elevation of 1000 feet, is the lilock-
iiousc barracks, cnlculnted for L'OO men. Fort George
is inaccessible from behind, nnd not comnuinded l)y
any hill in its neighbo\irhood, it is admirably fortilied
liy hntteries thnt nre disposed, as it were, along the
two sides of an acute angled triangle terminating on
n point nt the Hlockiiouse redoubt, each coiiminnds
the other, according to the situation in which they are
placed.
The highest range of land (ahout .3,000 feet) is to
the N. near the sen; in the centre of the isle is n less
elevated group of niountnins, to the S. a series of
lovely hills and mounds appear in delightful contrnst
to the northern shore ; nnd as on the contiguous coast
of Oimana, the chain of mountains in the N. of Tri-
nidad runs E. and W. Las Cuevas has a double sum-
mit, with a ningniflccnt platform in the centre, from
■which there is a view of the ocean K. and W. ; four
delightful vallics, watered by numerous rivulets, add
beauty to this charming landscape.
On the W. coast the principal navigable streams
arc the Caroni, Chni^wmns, linrmnconi's, Coura, Giin-
riinira, nnd Sissiiriii ; the tirst is navigable from its
mouth in the gulph, to its junction with the Aripd,
(also navigable) a distance of six leagues; the (iitn-
nnha, like the Aripn, flows into the Cunmi, iiut has
less water; there are many other streams on the \V.
coast, which being navigable for small trading vessels,
afford great facilities for the cultivation of land, and
the transport of its produce. The N. and K. coasts
are well furnished with rivers and rivulets ofi)uic and
crystalline water; the principal on the IC. coast nre
the Riu Gnindc, Oropuclw, mid Sarini, (called by the
Creoles Milan, from its flowing through a grove of
cocoa trees). This latter has been sailed up seven
nnd a half leagues, and found navigable for a 2^M tons
ship, at less than a league from its source. Giiatiim,
to windward of the island, is Kiige, but not navigiiMe
to any great extent, for more thnn small bont.'« ; fur.
Ihcr S. h the tine river Miiiiii:ii, while in cvei)
direction limpid brooks run murmuring over pebMv
beds to the ocean, through lolty forests and the mii>t
pictures(pie scenery.
The gulf of I'iiria, formed hy the W. nhore of Trini.
dad, nnd the opposite const of Ciinuina (which li
,'((( leiigui's long and I.') ditto from N. to S.), may lu'
saiil to form one va^it harbour, as ships may anclinr
ull over the gulf in from three to six fathom wiitir,
on gravel and mud soundings. The principal portn
are, tirst, the harbour of Port Itoval, Chii>;itrnmus,
on the N.W, |)eninsuln of the island, at the entrniKr
of the N. mouth, three leagues W. ol Port of Spain,
and comprehending a space of about seventy K(|unii'
miles ; it is esteinied the best nnd safmt port in tin'
island, IS capable of receiving the largest ships of win,
has Iron) loiir to to fathoms soiindingH of gravil
and mud, or ou/e, with bold and steep northern
shores.
I'ort of Spnin, on the W. const, which gives its
name to the capital, is the next best harbour, nnd h.is
one of the most extensive bays in the world; X\w
surrounding hirtitied heights completely couimaiul
the town, nnd a Hue stone ipia.\ , running several hmi.
dred yards into the sea, has a strong battery at its
extri'iiiify. .Ml the \V.C():ist is a series of bays wluir
vessels may nnchor in safety nt nil times. The Ca.
reenage, not having more than from two to four
fathoms, is only tit for small vissels ; and (ins|iir
(irandc is an isht within the mouths, where the S|'ii.
nish ships (d'war wi'ri' wont to anchor under the sale-
guard of a battery inteiuled for the protection of the
jiassage. The N. and K. coasts are not e(|ually will
turnislicd with harbours and roadsteads, wbi(di is tin
moil' to be regretted, ns the wind blows for thrct'-
fourths of the year from the K.and N. The prinei|iiil
ports to the N. are the Maiiueribe and Las Cuevas,
(where fort Abeicrombie is situate*; to the N. K.
are the ports (d' llio Cirande, Toco, and Cuniann; na
the K. is Dniandrn Hay, or Moat Island, where sale
anchorage mny iit ull times be found for smnll vessels;
further K.are Guiascreek and Mayaro Hay ; the safest
port on the V.. const is Guaiguaire, from its beiiis
sheltered by n ixiint of land against K. winds, and its
entrance t(, the S. from which the winds ure neither
fieipicnt nor viident.
Trinidad, as viewed from the GulfofPnria, presents
an alluvial country in an active state of formation ;
the primitive foundations of the land arranged in ;i
form nearly semilunar, incline as with outstrctcluil
arms to receive into their bosoms the greater portiim
of the alluvies from the mouths of the mighty Oii-
iioco ; the currents, deeply charged with this nlluviiil
soil, drive nlong the clitl'y sides of the northern ridi^o
and southern shores, (fron» which they borrow in
their course), to di'posit their Indiiig at the bottom (if
the gulf where the metropolis, at the base of its bunii-
tiful mountain stands. The tides, (which there rise
higher by several feet than in any other part of the
West Indies,) flow muddy nnd foul, nnd ebb with
clear wnters, which may be seen at some distnine
from the shore ; each extent of new formation hcini;
marked by muddy banks of Mangrove bushes; in
this way Port of Spain — like, as ])r. Ferguson says
of the ancient Ostia, that was built upon the stj,
may become in time an inland city, the metropolis (if
many other towns erected on the fertile and flourish-
ing country. It has been observed, that the land en-
croaching on the sea on the coast S. W. of Triniilail
increases the territorial extent of the island ; and, at
TRINinAD.— OKOI.OGY. MINKIlAI.O{iY, AND SOU..
ts
inn »mnll boats ; fur.
»!.'(/, wliih' in «'vii>
umiuiiin; tiviT poldilv
^ forcit* unJ the nwxi
lir \V. uliiiri- of Triiii.
if ('uiiiiiim (whii'li 1"
•oni N. to S. )."">>' I"'
, i\» Klii|m iiiiiy Hiicliui-
to M\ futlioin walu,
. Thf principal purls
Koval, Chiiiiiiniinim,
slniid, at the eittrniiiv
< \V. ol I'ort of Spain,
aliipiit sivi'iity B(piah'
and Miltat port ill tin'
III' h»rt;rst stiips of war,
H sDUiuhnsH of )!;ravil
il ami steep nortluiii
eonst, wliich sives it*
best liarhour, niiil lias
ys ill the world ; tlu'
eoiiipletely eoiiiiunml
I .riiiiiiiiii; several huii-
a siroiii; hnttery at its
s a MMiiHof hays wlieiv
t nil times. The Ca-
iiin from two to fuiir
II vis^iU ; and (iasinr
luuiths, where the Spii.
iiiiielior under the ftWv-
r the protection of tin-
ts are not eipially will
oad'.teads, which is tin
wind lilows for thiif.
.and N. 'I'he prineiiml
lerihe and I. as C'ue\iis,
Nitiiate'; to the N. K.
I'lico, iiiid Cumana; uii
mt Island, where snii'
Ifoiiiid for small vessels;
pNlayaro Hay ; the safest
miiiire, from its heiii^
;ainst K. winds, and its
the winds are neither
Ciilf of I'arin, presents
ve state of fornmlinn ;
\\\c land arranged in a
as with outstretcluil
(lis the greater portion
Ihs of the mighty On-
lu-gcd with this nlluvinl
, of the northern riilgc
Ivhich they borrow in
lading at the bottom of
at the base of its henii-
Ides, (which there riso
laiiv other part of tin-
Id i'oul, and ebb with
ieen at some distaiici-
new formation being
mangrove bushes; in
I as Dr. Ferguson says
built upon the s-.a,
city, the metropolis of
lie fertile and timirisli-
jvcd, that the land m-
last S.W. of Triiiiilail
\}i the island ; and, tit
lomo illMint (ky, thp Otiir of Pnria will br a mere
^Imiinrl for the conveymiee nf the water* of the Ori-
f)iH'(i nnd (iimrnpielie to the ocean.
IV. The iilnmUa^ alviTobBRo^ i<i evidently aiirrtlon
bf the opposite continent, formed either by a volcanic
triiption or ocrnnic eruption — the lamotrataof cnrtli,
the sHine rocks, fo««iU, (tc. are common to both.
['he miclcim of the moimtuins is a very dense ar^tilla-
h'liUH i«rhiHtii!<, becoming luminated nnd friable wlien
Upoiied to the ntinoxphere, and changing to the
Eiiicnceoint nchintus in the inferior liyers and near the
jii'Hii of rivers ; in the interstices of which latter, par-
firiilarly to the northward, arc found great -pinntities
](f siilpliureouH pyrito" in cubic erystali. 'I'here is no
granite on the island i,whilc the Caribbean cimiii of
Sioimtains are principally coinposeil of that sub-
ktAMce) ; but block.s nt milky ipuirt/., of diirerent
lizi's, are found in every valley, beneath which there
fre(pieiitly to be found a light layer of sulplmti" o|
jinie; on the precipitous siiles of the mountains,
Mishi'd by the torrents, may be seen layers of a coarse
Irgile, mixed with terniginous sand. 'i'liiiH the ab-
lenee of calcareous masses in Trinidad. Tobago, and
Cnnmiia offers a fitrong geological cimtrast to the
kntilles, or Caribbean Mountains. (iyo. un and
liiu'stone are rare in Trinidad. One ipiarry o) alean
Ins carbonate, situate at the foot of a hill i.-ar the
Piirt of Spain, is mixed with veins of silex and hete-
liigeneoiis substances. Consi<lerable cpiantii'ies of
^iilvcrating feldspar are found on the rising ground,
mished by the rains, near the (iimiio mouth i. don
Its left hanks. The micaceous schistus has someiimes
transition into talcous schistus; thus giviiig an
liietiious appearance to the tioil. Near the const are
Ininid rocks of a bluish calcareous nature, vi-ined with
Miite calcareous carbonate, chrystalized, rather hard,
liul resting on coagulated clay, with pehliles of priini-
live rocks. The magnetic needle indicates the pie-
Liice of iron Jn many rocks ; but volcanic convulsions
lave produced different effects from similar eruptions
Kiiropc : thus gypsum is found ahnuiuting in sul-
lliiir and pyrites, mingled with granite. No vestip;es
If organic bodies have been discovered ; maritime
Ind land shells (many of unknown and extinct species)
|rc found in the great alluvial plains; and, although
nadrepore are drifted on the const, no coral hanks
xist. On the surface of the soil of the vallics where
Ivers run, rounded pebbles are observed ; but in the
llaiiis they disappear : this is particularly the case on
lie K. and very rare on the W. coast. There are
>veral extensive vallies and jdains of a dec)) and fer-
|lc argillaceous vegetative earth, without a rock or
ven pebble to be seen.
There are several craters in Trinidad. f Cape
Jela Brea is a submarine volcano, whicli >n i. ionally
ails up, and discharges a quantity of petreolum ;
the K. part of the island and Bay of Mayaro is
kiother, winch, in March and June -ives several dc-
jinations resembling thunder, — t , ,;■! are succeeded
tlamcs and smoke, nnd, som<^ ■ uiules after, pieces
'bitumen, as black and b. '.Liiit as jet, are thrown
|i shore. Near the forest of point Icacos, on the
jnimit of a hill of argillaceous clay, M. Levynsso
kuiid a great r.-mber of little m.ounds, about two
let high, whose truncated and open-coned tops ex-
plcd a gas smelling like sulphurated hydrogen ; one
bnc, of six feet high, on the most elevated part of the
111, continually discharged whitish matter, of an
luminous taste ; a sound was heard, indicating a fluid
■ a continual state of agitation, and globules of an
astic gas evaporated continually ; the scum at the
E
top wai cold; four pole*, measuring aixty fret, did
not touch bottom, and disappeared on being let go.
There is m-iflier stone nor sand within the circumfer-
ence of a league of the cone; but bandsome rounded
pebbles were found round the hill, together with
small calinreous stones, encrusted with sulphur of a
prismntie form. Contiguous to this crater, and en.
Compassed by a marsh of mangroves, which commu-
nicate with the sea, is another hillock, with a circular
shallow cavity full of a boiUng li(piid like alum ; a
dull subterraneous sound was heard, the earth wnt
found to tremble under the feet of tlie explorers,
and two poles pushed into the crater disappeared
in an instant ; detonations like distant cannon are
heard every year in the month of March. It is re
markable that enrtbipiakes, felt violently in the An-
tilles in I7y7, were not perceived nt Trinidad or in
Cumana, nnd when the latter province was shortly
after desolated by terrible enrtlKpiakes, the shocka
were slightly felt in Trinidad, but not at all in the
Antilles.
Forty miles S, of the Pitch Lake are several mud
volennoe.i, in a plain not more than four feet above
the general .urface ; the largest is about l.'iO feet in
diameter, n . has boiling mud constantly buhblinj;,
but never o.i'rllowing, remaining constantly within
the sur ace of the crater. When the old craters cease
to net, new ones invariably appear in the vicinity;
*hiis embling the mud volcanoes witnessed by
llumhildt. Some of ' " mud volcanoes thi av out
sal' .'ntcr, liea' loadiii with argillaceous earth: —
during the hull ' months of the dry season, cold mud
is thrown t" tl. ■ '.right of thiify feet, anil the volcano
is unapproi. in;ile to within lil'ty paces.
The orecioiin metals hi ■ not been fouiiit in Trini-
d ',': t the magnet disi • iron in the greater part
I. iti. ricks and pebbles; » very bri'liant white metal,
; pecili' gravity ten), more thictilo aii 1 m.'il'enble than
silver has liecn found, and M. Vaii'i', '..'. *liought it
cither a new metal or composed of ..evernl others ;
crystals of sul|)hate of copper have been found en-
criisti d with alum among flints, as nlso arsenic with
sulphurated barytes for a matrix ; schistose plumbago
has been discovered, and near it a mine of coni, about,
tiv ..-.iles from the sca-sliore ; but the most remark-
able mineral phenomenon is the .ln/ihnllitni, or I'itch
Luke, situate on the leeward side of the island, on a
sinall |)eninsula, jutting into the sea aliout two miles,
(opposite the I'nrian Mountains on the Continent,)
and elevated 80 feet above the level of the ocenii.
The headland on which it is situate, when seen from
the sea, resembles a dark scoriaeeoiis mass ; but, when
more closely examined, it is found to consist of bitu-
minous scoria", vitrified sand, and earth, all cemented
tiv^ether. In some places beds of cinders are found ;
and a strong sul|)hiireoiis smell iiervaiies the ground
to the distance of eight or ten miles from the lake,
and is felt on approaching the shore.
'i'he lake is hounded on the N. \V. by the sea, on
the S. by a rocky eminence, and on the K. by the
usual nrgillaccoiis soil of the country ; it is nearly
circular, and better than half a league in length, and
the same in breadth, occupying the highest part of the
point of land which shelves into the sea, from which
it is separated by a margin of wood ; the variety and
extrorilinary mobility of this phenomenon is very
remarkable, groups of beautiful shrubs and flowers,
tufts of wild pine apples and aloes, swarms of magni-
ficent butterflies and brilliant hummingbirds enliven
a scene, which would he an earthly represer*-itiro, of
Tartarus without them. With regard to »( /;/,
!
M
TRINIDAD.— CLIMATE.
where a small islet has been seen on an evening,
a gulf is found on the following morning, and, on
another pnrt of the lake, a i)itch islet is sprung up to
be in its turn adorned with the most luxuriant vege-
tation, and then ngs\in en;;ulphed.
The usual consistence and appearance of the nsphal.
turn, (except in hot wheathcr, when it is actually
licjuid an inch deep,) is that of pit coal, but of a
greyish colour, nulling like sealing wax ; ductile by
a gentle heat, and, when mixed with grease, oil, or
common iiitcli, acquiring fluidity, and well adapted
for the preserving the bottoms of ships against the
destructive effects of the worm termed the teredo
narnlis. Sometimes the Asphaltum is found jet black
and hard, breaking into a dull conchoidal fracture,
but, in general, it may be readily cut, when its inte-
rior appears oily and vesicular.
Deep crevices or funnels, inclining to a conic form,
and sometimes six feet deep, are found in various parts
of the asphaltum, (pitch), filled with excellent limpid
running water, and often containing a great quantity
of mullet and small tish. Alligators are said to have
been seen in these extraordinary chasms. The bottom
of some of these canals are so liquid that marked poles
thrust in disappear, and have been found a few days
after on the sea shore. Near Cape La Brea, to the S.\V.
(the place where this lake is) Capt. Mallet observed a
gulf or vortex, which, in stormy weather, gushei out,
raising the water five or six feet, and covering the
surface, for a considerable space with the bituminous
sub.stance. A similar gulf is said to be on the coast,
at the bay of Mayaro.
Pieces of what was once wood, are found completely
changed into bitumen; and the trunk of a large tree, on
being sawn, was entirely impregnated withpetreokmi;
where the petreolum mixes with the earth it tends
greatly to fertilize it, and the finest fruits in the
colony come from districts bordering on this singular
lake ; the pine apples, in particular, being less fibrous,
larger, more aromatic, and of a deeper golden colour
than are to be had any where else. [For a detailed
account of tlie pitch lake, and mud volcanoes see
Vol. VI. of my Colonial Library.]
V. The dry and rainy seasons into which the tropical
year is distinguished is more marked in Trinidad than
in the Antilles. The dry season commences with the
month of December, and ends with that of May, the
E.N.E. and N. winds then become less cool; the
heat increases and it is at its height by the end of
June, storms commence and augment in frequency
and violence during August and September, and in
October they occur almost daily, accompanied by
torrents of rain ; there is seldom any fall of rain during
the night, but a heavy shower without wind usually
precedes sun-rise by half an hour during the season.
Hurricanes ave unknown in Trinidad or Tobago.
The hygrometer varies much in different seasons ;
during the rainy season it is usually between 85 and
90, — in the spring between 36 and 38 in the day, and
about ."iO at night; on an average there falls about
sixty-two inches of water during the winter, and about
ten inches (including the heavy dews, which may be
estimated at six inches) during the spring. The
October rains are very gentle ; in November they are
less frequent and more slight ; and from the end of
December to the beginning of June of some years,
there does not fall a drop of rain during the day : as
the island has become cleared, the quantity of rain
falling has diminished.
During even f^e hot and stormy season the ther-
mometer rarely stands at Port of Spain before sun ■
rise, so high as 74 and in the country occasionally as
low as fiH ; from sun-rise to sun-set 84 to 86, falling
in the evening to 82 or 80 ; in August and September
when the air is saturated with moisture, the mercury
rises sometimes to 90 — rarely above that height.
When during the winter there is wind with the rtiin
the mornings are less hot, as are also the evenings,
when the rain has been preceded by thunder duriiiu;
the day ; but the temperature of the whole islniiii
varies with the elevation above the sea and the aspect
of the place, especially in spring, when the thernin-
meter descends to (iO, and sometimes to ."JO, in places
of moderate elevation ; on the whole it is less moist
than Guyana, and not so dry as Cumana, ant" bein;;
an island, the winds are more constant, and tliu
atmosphere therefore more frequently renovated;
the vallies of Santa Anna, of Maraval, Diego Martin,
Aricagua, and the heights of St. Joseph, to the N.NV.,
as also the vallies on the N. coast, enjoy a mild tem-
perature, and their inhabitants breathe during nearly
the whole year a fresh, pure, and very elastic air, by
reason of the simultaneous action of the evaporatiim
of rains, dews, and winds, on the well-known eastern
principle, by which liquids are cooled, and even ico
formed, by solar evaporation or exposure to a current
of air. From the coolness of the night, it is the or-
dinary custom to have a blanket folded up at the foot
of the bed to draw up when necessary, during a resi.
dence in the country or in the high lands. The
beneficial and abundant dews (arising from the nu-
merous rivers of the island and surrounding occhii
cool and invigorate the atmosphere, and give a vi;;i).
rous luxuriance to the vegetation of an isle, which,
were it otherwise, would be nearly barren. Tho
following table aft'ords a Meteorological Register uf
Port of Spain : —
w
y.
o
i-
>
n
U
e
o
Cloudy and rainy.
Ditto, nights dewy.
Fine, dry and pleasant.
Invigorating breezes.
Strong ditto, some thunder.
Close and rainy, ditto.
Stormy, lightning, rainy.
Squally, ditto.
Heavy rains, thund. & lightng.
Strong breezes.
Fine, hot occasionally.
Cool, sometimes chilly.
c
E.E.N.E. and E.S.E.
E. and E N.E.
Ditto
E.N.E.
S.E. E.N.E.
E.S.E. and E.N.E.
E.N.E.
E.S.E.
E.S.E.
E.SE.
E. and E.N.E.
E and E.N.E.
THERM.
B 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
aoacocccaoaoaoacaoaoaoao
'f:
X
o
January
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August ....
September. .
October. . ..
November . .
December . .
TRlNinAI).— POPUL.VnON.
untry occasionally as
.-set 84 to 86, fallins;
ugust and Septembir
loistiiro, the meroiry
above that height.
9 wind with the niiii
in- also the evenings,
eil by thunder dnritiK
of the whole island
he sea and the aspect
,g, when the thern\n.
■"times to fiO, in plans
whole it is less moist
18 Cumana, ant" beiiip;
•e constant, and tlie
requently renovated ;
laraval, Diego Martin,
. Joseph, to the N.^^.,
last, enjoy a mild tem-
breathe during rienrly
nd very elastic air, by
ion of the evaporation
he well-known eastirii
; cooled, and even iio
r exposure to a current
the night, it is the or-
et folded up at the loot
Dcessary, during a resi-
the high lands, 'llie
(arising from the mi-
nd surrounding ocemi
iphere, and give a vi-c
ition of an isle, wlmli,
2 nearly barren. Tlio
eorologieal Register of
bn
c
j:
,
bO
>>
'^
. c
o S
ii
^^
tJ c
"5 !S
- c
SB
a si
c
3
6*:
■f-i "1
S.g
>- bD
t: c
-a —
e -
^.£
o O
Is
bo
c
o
.C en
^ffi
4->
.S o
•A
(>: M
"t^.
^.?;
MEiiU
uiM
S''^'
M 73 c/;
"O TJ
.>
MUCx.
§§
c/5
WW
w
. -t -t -r '^' <^ f^ ""
. r- I- 1- t^ t^ >- "^
I I I I I I I
. -M ^ ifj •« t "^ 'M
) CX3 OD OC 00 OD CD 00
: -I --Si
3 = 5 S-,?^ ■« "
VI. When Trinidad was first discovered iiy Euro-
peans it had a dense Indian community, who, on its
iicciipation by the Spaniards, were murdered or tran-
siwrted to the Hispaniola mines, to make room for
the new occupiers, wlio seized on the lands of those
they bad slain or sent into a captivity worse than
ilriith. In 1783, the number of moutiis was only —
whites, ISf), coloured free, •J'j.'j, slaves, 310, and In-
diaus of all ages, 2,032; total, 2,7(i3. The popula-
tion thus increased since the British occupation of the
island.
Abstract of the Annual Population Returns.
I7'J7
ny.)
WHITE.
s
994
930
1800|1010
180l| 978
l«02|1061
IHO3I 9('.l
1B04;1228
lH0"iilir)4
lHI)(;il073
IH08
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
181,')
181f,
1817
Children.
Ol
"is
01
•a
11. 50
1212
1147
Ufi.'j
1222
12.50
1272
1288
1333
I4f.l
1818J12.54
18iy'l4f)3
1820i 145.5
182l!i;!45
1822,1311
1823,1397
182411328
1825] 1302
183111289
.590
301
(•)0()
301
711
327
()2C)
292
025
275
f)37
266
()62
329
(152
301
589
296
fi49
359
fif)9
360
654
344
725
389
716
434
749
445
863
523
869
.531
1000
.585
1071
629
HHl
.533
1060
,584
1074
600
972
534
942
5.53
955
.523
955
514
1020
490
926
.581
3
COLOURED.
c
266
291
311
267
261
25y
34
317
316
312
348
342
338
393
4.52
469
531
594
632
!)53
609
578
589
535
511
516
498
523
2151
2128
2359
21,53
2222
2123
2561
2434
2274
2470
25h;)
2487
2617
2765
2896
3127
Children.
1196
1281
I2tl
1347
1504
1494
1709
1606
1502
1729
1683
1680
1 790
1778
208y
2216
1 624
1601
1620
1740
1896
1751
2198
2101
13
898
859
807
925
956
827
1171
75(
853
740
888
919
740
1024
1094,1000
1980' 1047, 87
2272 1310! 1 167
2212
2195
2380
2426
-'675
1289|120()
1240111.54
1456! 1417
o
H
INDIANS.
3219 2482
35122863
3793
3221
3716
3707
3440
3,341
3386
3313
3310
3124
3040
3571
3999
3728
3742
3857
4024
4503
3319i4398
1365
1653
1749
2G23
14971
1685
292611823
U 0312045
3513'2215|2064
3902 2487'2343
3708'2246^2343
421012385 2319
4679
4418
4430
4500
4884
5066
5314
259412693
26352607
2669 2551
25262464
2657 2430
27402674
33353238
4474
4594
4408
4900
5275
4812
6102
580 1
5101
6478
63H4
6269
7043
7066
8102
8714
9653
1 0655
1 1 856
11337
12485
13965
13388
13392
13317
13995
14983
16285
Children.
E
301
345
344
2yl
321
327
387
488
397
396
412
404
422
433
312
351
318
267
324
244
223
267
240
218
200
209
183
202
401
242
217
354
311
320j
427
,543
478
483
484
472
476
479
34(i
374
342
337
361
264
257
2.54
268
234
259
219
201
218
190
273
211
297
274
271
293
372
383
390
377
404
415
459
308
2,52
249
3 1 5
279
238
190
209
23
222
229
192
195
187
18(
283
299
270
260
236
309
330
349
366
374
379
403
433
299
I07H
1143
107
1212
1166
11,54
141(
1733
1607
163.''
1647
1659
1716
1804
1265
0)
3
o
H
•a
a
t
259 1236,
238
222
193
193
180
180
211
219
184
163
148
155
11471
1141
1157|33
939 28
850 30
91028
956^23
893 20
872|l6
783112
727' 12
702
10009
14110
15012
15964
19709
20138
2092
20108
21761
21895
21475
20728
21841
25717
24329
25871
23828
22380
236'.M
22738
21719
23227
23110
23117
23230
21302
17712
21975
22850
24229
28372
28227
31004
30076
31043
32478
32095
31143
33217
37980
38,348
41203
40667
37905
40772
41348
39526
40873
41288
4 1 220
42262
41675
* These natives of the eastern hemisphere were brought to the west for the purpose of cultivating rice,
End perhaps with the idea of forming a free labouring population ; no Chinese women were induced to ac-
fcompaiiy them ; the men soon became discontented, and there now remain but a few of them as fishermen
The Stave Population, according to a Parliamentary Return, was iu numl)ers,
from 1816 to 1828, as follow: —
< tA o /. a
0;
•a
■a
0)
in
■3
Increase by
Bnth.
Decrease by
Death.
Decrease by
Miinumis-
Hion.
1
Males.
S
s
Cm
in
S
t
(b
Males.
Females.
1816 ..
14133
11411
25544
1819 ..
13155
10382
23537
739 669
1417
1352
151
235
1822 ..
130.52
10336
2338S
757 J 731
1303 1101
190
277
1825 ..
17435
11017
24452
812 824
1063 1 fi92
182
259
1828 ..
12591
11185
23776
710
759
1079
767
177
241
28
M
LiJi
!i
i!
TRINIDAD.— POPULATION.
Geacral Return of the Population of Trinidad for the Year 1831 :-
TOWNS,
ud
QUARTERS.
WHITE.
Aricagua . . .
Arima ....
Uocas ... 1
Oarenagc & Cuessc
Caroni
Cetlros ancl Cuuvas
t'lmguanns . .
Chaguarumas .
Clmaroncro . .
Carupichaiina .
Diego Martiu .
Erlii
Eastern Coa»t .
(itianapo . . .
Giiapo . .* , .
Ilicacos . , .
Irois
I.a Urea . . .
Las Ciievas . .
La Ventille . .
Maraval . . .
Mayaro & Guayre
Mncurapo . . .
Maracas Valley .
North Naparima
Oropuchc . . .
Pointea-Pierre .
Savnnetta . . .
South Naparin\a
St. Ann's . . .
Santa Criiz . .
St. Joseph . .
.Savannah Grande
Tacarigua & Aroiica
'I'oco and Ciiniana
Tragorete ....
Valley of Caura
Town of St. Juan's
St. Joseph
St. Arima
Port of Spain. . .
l:)
Lll
14
8
1
10
1
2U
9
10
1,1
30
68
12
25
2:t
in
lU
20
i;
25
38
5
III
17
:<
9
18
581
a
o
is
4
8
II
U
:i
M
:i
6
:i
;)
H
2
2
28
4
2
1
3
23
2
9
2!)
22
13
2
lU
14
2
13
3
1
2
7
21
S
17
22
568
COLOURED.
o .t
a I O
*\ 9
9] 12
6
4
8| i:
6
2
12
18
5!)
27
46
46
80
44
76
25
111
m
133
251
214
1
38
12
31
21
173
123
4
18
128
128
4«
35
10
56
128
179
2!)
482
95
67
16
76
28
22
20
1173
ca u
23
59
28
81
39
59
22
77
31
94
98
I UK
l(i
141
18
53
8
34
25
213
141
42
13
134
l68
33
44
13
67
154
189
38
297
85
60
25
84
7S
39
42
2305
SLAVES.— PLANTATION.
Africans
12
451
Ifi
53
28l
26!
lo!
39,
13,
73
7S
75
32
126
9
24
4
27
23
131
100
30
6
1221 122
103 10
15
48
11
53
31
35
12
41
15
8(1
79
77
39
130
14
22
5
28
16
8!
88
211
6
iuh; 118
128< 122
22 22
395 3/2
-5
38 1
91
'A
26 1
211
19|
113i;i032
89
40
35
65
16
93
110
15
4 a
23:i
89
52
58
13
12
54
1
11
45
83
3
42
215
79]
169
185
346
15
52
89
108
219
3
33
13
70
26
20
61
22
68
83
16
22
203
87
II
24
37
6
5
29
5
14
41
76
5
23
15
58
115
119
238
16
42
66
97
148
2
20
8
Creoles.
SLAVES.— PisRSONA I
-5
48
21
86
34
102j
153'
21
19
191)
89
29
39
63
5
14
43
1
8
79
127
23
21
205
73
181
IS
456
30
64
59
110
230
3
40
7
1
85
53
35
92
35
84
98
19
28
205
124
25
42
58
9
18
45
10
64
113
23
31
199
H7i
202
162
453
17
54
61
101
229
2
31
17
1289 926 581 523 4398 5314 3335 3238 2740 2037 2906 2915 2241 2086 483!687!l236,l758 1127 1086 21302 4l6;3
64
53
35
57
27
56
77
18
29
200
82
13
41
34
11
4
39
9
43
53
8
51
136
40
124
146
346
22
58
63
103
103
I
14
11
63
33
31
49
19
44
62
16
3
133
7;
12
33
25
9
I
19
5
5
51
61
10
53
143
35
112
106
382
9
43
60
93
181
19
11
Africa
u ' o
aiis
Creoles.
12
71
6
6
2
6
2
3
8
12
13
4
I
9
10
11
I
16
2
13
lU
II
II
6
65
9
15
3
99
24
18
15
8;
28
9
21
!S5
:53
5 »
o a
it
O o
5
8
3
3651 635
15
6
16
6
4
12
II
3
10
12
27
5
3
12
11
16
1
14
4
23
29
IS
4
7
80
10
27
4
100
38
18
15
100
19
10
33
15
21
985
15
3
8
4
9
9
3
17
21
6
7
5
42
5
15
9
101
19
17
11
75
16
7
11
14
14
7
598
13
7
23
12
5
3
5
3
8
8
4
3
3
14
4
7
6
2
14
20
3
9
8
48
4
13
18
12
9
72
19
7
18
1
10
16
576
511
303
243
449
170
174
620
121
222
1226
627
122
11
283
309
106
56
286
26
165
419
55
109
254
1340
409
1018
896
2699
245
398
455
987
1291
51
261
69
»7
76
27
3358
8 1.-,
563
3t)?
718
3i;
711
7^4
379
■M.t
in.'ili
«SI
Mi
397
10112
i)«S
25/
8H
424
112
831)
m
fill;
18;
849
laii
590
1194
971
2985
HOI
lini
fim
2772
17118
4lj
3i:t
4.58
219
2:l2
4SH
108119
No. of Indians: — men, 202; women, 218; boys, 187; girls, 15.5; total, 762. Chinese, 7.
Trinidad Population in 1835 (new division of districts.) From B. B. for 1835, page 119.
District.
Port of Spain
Western
St. Joseph
Tacarigna
Ii;astern
Chaguunni'
Carnplchaii,,.
North Naparima
South Naparima ....
La Urea
Cedros
Unappropriated Land
Total....
!3
en dj
•5 2
a
Wliitcs.
40
474
»7
225
35
24
63
32
53
31
35
1378
30201
Ml. I'm
837
66
18 J
3511
li'O
111
70
100
210
51
39
2018
810
41
162
296
72
1
29
24
128
32
19
Free
Blacks.
Ml. Fm.
31)38
4-3
1084
898
523
70
316
449
602
195
451
1614 8699
5063
521
1171
872
345
40
320
530
872
166
425
Slaves.
Ml. Fm.
1389
839
768
505
29s
298
933
1006
1 1532
463
342
10025 1 8430
1871
583
739
765
256
231
801)
975
137
355
301
8259
Total.
Ml.
Fm.
6864
1078
2037
2117
618
37B
1319
1555
2340
709
832
19147
7749
1145
2072
1928
673
272
1135
1529
2077
553
745
19898
Is
!<5
2903
108
466
618
42;
68
1.12
177
331
107
4633
I'"
a.
340
27
72
18
45
27
39
96
83
30
48
Persons cm-
ployed in
\gri.
Manf.
101
588
342
3
355
3
452
13
52
38
76
2
210
10
53
20
32
4
11
5
348
42
2032
728
457
34
23
12
2
3
7
272
33
88
88
29
8
34
34
53
30
42
701
« I ■Z
118
1
32
14
178
IHII
17
6h
811
39
18
48
46
85
21
42
644
The following return shews the number of Slaves for whom Compensation has been claimed, and of the |
Number of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Pricdlal-att ached, Prsedial-unattachcd, and Non-Prsedial. [Parliamentary Return to the House [
of Lords, March, 1K38.]
i
TRINIDAD.— RELIGION AND EDUCATION.
29
■PERSONA I..
Creoles.
15
6
16
6
4
12
11
a
10
12
27
5
a
12
II
18
1
u
4
23
291
15
4
7
80
10
2;
4
100
4l 3H
8 18
5 15
7 100
8 19
9 lOi
II 33
5 15
8 21
3| 7
5 985
13
13
7
23
12
&
3
f)
3
8
8
4
3
3
14
4
7
o a
H °
[3
9
3
17
21
6
7
5
42
5
15
9
101
19
17
II
75
16
7
11
14
14
7
598
6
2
14
20
3
9
8
48
4
13
3
71
18
12
9
72
19
7
18
I
1
10
16
576
sn
303
243
449
170
■174
620
121
222
1226
627
122
II
283
309
106
56
286
26
165
419
551
109
254
1340
409
1018
896
2699
245
398
455
987
1291
51
261
69
57
76
271 4S8
33S8 108V9
61.-,
563
367
71s
317
711
7n
■.\t\
I6.'i6
!MI
5'J-*
:!!);
Kill:!
.SUS
257
84
431
11:!
831)
Wi
fi!17
187
84!l
HJiri
5!)ti
1I!I4
971
291)5
801
Hill
fini
•2"i
171H
41:1
a 1:1
4.M
21!!
m
6;i7581U27 I086|21302!41fi;i
Chinese, 7.
)agc 119.
IS cm-
i
c(t in
Z
n
1
g
Q
nf.
Com.
457
272
IIS
180
34
33
1
17
23
88
32
68
12
88
14
8(1
«
2
29
..
39
a
, ,
8
.,
IB
2
34
3
48
7
24
2
4«
4
53
85
5
, ,
30
1
21
2
4
42
7
42
a
541
701
178
644
len claimed, and of the
ons awarded in each o(
y Return to the House
-- —
" ''^'"'i
i
is
Q
Classes.
No. of
slaves in
each class
Compcnsa
tioii value
each class
Total.
Head People . .
1100
^■92009
No. of Slaves,
'iH
rrradesmen ....
345
25462
^"A
1 Inferior ditto ..
333
20679
1 12244.
*-• a
: Field Labourers
8018
434.'>33
Amount
''< .
Inferior ditto ..
2448
108413
^681098.
■a
Head People —
S6
7193
rt J3
Tradesmen
51
3645
*^o. of Slaves,
"sS^
Inferior ditto ..
34
2155
1 1529.
gS
Field Labourers
1101
54187
. mount
^ a
Inferior ditto .
357
15809
■'82991.
i Head Tradesmen
92
68 1 9
Inferior ditto .
220
14071
..
Head P. employ-
■3
H
ed on wharfs,
sbippinK, or
No. of Slaves,
3766.
Amount
£■209353.
a
other avoca
tions
Inf. People ditto
59
133
3773
7227
!2;
Head Domeslic
Servants ....
1678
107400
L
Infr. Domestics
Children under
six years of
aire on the 1st
1584
70059
J
Aujiust, 1834..
2246
49823
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
non-eflfective
872
10725
Number of claims having reference to each division.
Prairtlal attached, 559; Prcedial unattached, 410: Non-
proidial, 1387.
■.IIIOIIJB.')
nvrno}! jo ]uw)
'33|OJa JSMlS'l.tt
■9u!puo))«
XiiujauaS
SUOSJScI JO 'ON
■urejuoo
IlIA |3dBq3 am
suoHja,! )o 'ON
■9q;pu3nv
XnitjauaJ
suosjaj ;o -o^j
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e SS
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' £ s.'i
' Qt ai *^
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) ♦^- w
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■a •
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< in (^ CA ;.; h >< n
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'O o
VIII. Return of the number of Schools in Trinidad in 18.35.t [B.B.]
If supported by Go-
Name of the
No. of Scholars
vernment or volun-
Parish, and in
Public or Free
Mode of
tary contributions.
Remarks.
what County or
School.
Instruction.
District.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Governmnt.jVol. Con.
Port of Spain
Public & Free.
87
87
General.
Vol. Con. There are likewise 23
—
3
41
44
Ordinary.
. .
, ,
private schools.
Free.
27
, ,
27
Bell's.
Cabildo.
—
110
110
—
£50 from
—
40
40
—
£80.
theBishp.
—
Xi
46
79
—
of Barba-
—
lO'J
, ,
109
—
does.
St. Joseph
—
21
, .
21
—
Local Funds
—
3(i
36
General.
*
Ccdros . .
—
10
, ,
10
Ancient.
Vol. Con.'
Arima . . .
—
20
, ,
20
General.
*
On Sundays, Thurs-
—
22
22
—
#
days, and Saturdays
Carenage . .
—
12
12
Lancasterian.
upwards of 400 are in-
St. John's
—
23
, ^
23
_
structed in thechurch.
St. Fernando
Sunday.
10
18
28
for want of school
Public.
20
.')
25
room, and 96 appren-
St. Naparima
Sunday.
.5
."i
10
tices labourers on
Pointe a Pierre
Sunday.
22
22
44
Lancasterian.
Sunday.
222
243
465
Port of Spain
24
..
24
Uparia . .
—
2
3
5
—
• Monthly payments by each of lOs.
t The Blue I)ool< fur 183(1 not received.
30
TRINIDAD.— GAOLS,— GOVERNIVIKNT AND MILITARY.
IX. Prisoners of Trinidad throughout the Year. [B. B. Colonial Office.]
!
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
Iff
>"
1
ts
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male, Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Q
1828
44
11
55
1
2
3
23 , 9
32
18
1
19
42
H
50
•>
3
5
•>
1829
59
9
68
13
2
15
33
3
36
16
1
17
37
4
41
12
12
1
1830 50
8
58
4
1
5
16
6
22
')
2
28
6
34
15
2
17
:\
1831
75
14
89
8
8
9
9
20
20
36
36
16
3
19
')
1832
48
f.
54
1
1
7
3
10
5
5
15
3
18
33
3
36
')
1833
45
9
54
7
1
8
9
7
16
10
10
21
7
28
10
10
1834
«
1835
55
5
60
1
1
18
1
19
20
•>
22
48
5
sa
7
7
•>
1836
«
• No Returns.
X. The administrative functions are vested in a
Lieutenant-governor and an executive and legislative
committee. The executive council consists of three
official members (viz. the Colonial Secretary, the
Colonial Treasurer, and Attorney general), selected
from the legislative councils ; they have no powers,
and no other functions than counsellors of the Go-
vernor, who may follow their advice or not, as he
pleases. The legislative council consists of twelve
members, six of whom are styled official, holding
offices and salaries at the pleasure of the Crown, viz.
the Chief Justice, the Colonial Secretary, Attorney-
general, Colonial Treasurer, Public Prosecutor, and
Collector of Customs, and six are styled nonufficial,
selected from amongst the inhabitants, the whole
removable at the pleasure of the Crown. The Go-
vernor presides at the board, has a vote, and a casting
vote in addition, and no measure can be introduced or
proposed at the board which he objects to.
The Cabildo, in its authority and functions, resem-
bles our municipal corporations ; it has power to raise
revenues which are derived from licenses to the
dealers in spirituous liquors, to hucksters, &c., and
from a tax on carts, and on meat and fish sold in the
town of Port of Spain, thus realizing about 10000/.
per annum, with which the streets and market-house
are kept in repair, and the salaries of the police offi-
cers paid. All other salaries are paid out of the
Colonial Treasury. The laws are principally Spanish,
executed after the Spanish form, with some modifica-
tions ; the titles of Alcilde, Alguazil, &c., are always
used instead of the corresponding terms in English.
The Cabildo is comi>o8C(l of the Governor, two Alcaldes in
Ordinary, the Procurator Syndic, and ten Regidors. Of tlie
latter two are perpetual j tiie remaining eigiit serve in snc-
cesKion as t)ie Alcaldes, four going out of ufiice annually.
After having (in conjunction with the remainder of the Ca-
bildo) elected four others as their successois, whose names
are tiicn submitted to the Onvernor for his approval. The
office of Coroner docs not exist. There is no power of ar-
rest in the colony upon mexnn process except on the autho-
rity of the Itoman Law, when a person i» siispectus de fugn.
Every individual about to leave the island must obtain a
pass from the Governor, and adverti/e his intention to leave ;
any creditor may then apply to the Colonial Secretary's
Officer, and stop tlie pass.
The Algiincil, Mayor or Provost Marshal, is appointed by
the (ioveinor, and removable by him. He gives i-ccurity in
'2U0U/. He executes processes, &c. by deputies, and receives
fees according to a tariff, in each district there arc Alcnlrien
de liarrio elected by tlie Cabildo Board from among the free-
holders for one year. They receive no salary or emoluments,
entertain civil causes or pleas of debt to the amount of W
dollars (with an appeal to the Chief Judge if made within
five days after sentence), and they are also entrusted with
the government of the piilice of their respective districts.
There is no jury in the " Court of Criminal trial" which has
under its jurisdiction all criminal offences committed in the
island with the exception of petty thefts, &c. The Court is
composed of the Cliief Judge (with a salary of 2000/. per
annum) as President; of the Assessor of the Governor; of
the Alcaides in ordinary, and the Escribanus (Secretaries;
of the civil tribunal (wlio net in the same capacity herein).
The Attorney General prosecutes ; counsel is heard for the
prisoner, the Chief Judge sums up the evidence, and takes
the opinion of each member of the Court individually, be-
ginning with the junior member. The judgment in all cases
is final, excepting death sentcn.'es, when an appeal lies to
the Governor in Council.
Every freeman of the island is enrolled in the
militia, which is composed of artillery, cavalry, and
infantry, with a very numerous staff. Their appear-
ance on the great plain before St. Anne's is really
superb; the muster is about 4500, and a more efficient
state of discipline is kept up than perhaps in any of
the other islands. The Governor is of course Com-
mander-in-Chief; there are two Brigadiers-Generals,
an Adjutant, Commissary, Paymaster, Mustermaster,
I'rovost-Marshal, and Judge Advocate- Gcnem/, with
deputies to each ; Physician, Surgeon, and Apothe-
cary General ; and of Field Officers, two Colonels,
twenty-one Lieutenant-Colonels, twelve Majors, and
fifty-seven Captains.
The militia strength for 1835 was as follows [B. B.
Colonial Office] : 1st. Division. — Cavalry, 23 staff, 1,'i
officers, 25 non-commissioned officers and privates.
Infantry, 85 officers, and 1485 non- commissioned
officers and privates. 2nd Division. — Cavalry, 5 statf,
3 officers, 3 1 non-commissioned officers and privates.
Infantry, 40 officers, and 856 non-commissioned offi-
cers and privates. 3rd Division. — Cavalry, 4 offices,
and 28 non-commissioned officers and ])rivates. In-
fantry, 11 officers and 271 non-commissioned officers
and privates. 4th Division. — Cavalry, 10 officers and
36 non-commissioned officers and privates. Infantry,
1 1 officers and 225 non-co-.imissioned officers and
privates. 5tli Division. — No Cavalry. Infantry, ;i
officers and 61 non-commissioned officers and pri-
vates. Total. Cavaln.-, 2(. staff, 30 officers, 120 non-
commissioned officers and privates. Infantry, l.'iO
officers, 289M non-commissioned officers and privates.
The uniforms are various and splendid. The artil-
lery is blue, with red facings and gold lace ; the royal
Trinidad light dragoons blue, facings buff, and lace
silver ; mounted chasseurs and light infantry, green
TRINIDAD.— FINANXF.S.
31
ce.]
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
'%
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Q
2
3
r-i
2
12
12
1
l.-i
o
17
3
Ifi
3
19
.)
3.3
3
36
o
10
10
7
7
•)
ief Judge If made within
y are also entrusted with
;lieir respective districts.
Criminal trial" which has
)ffences committed in tlie
hefts, &c. The Court is
itli a salary of 2000/. per
isor of the Governor i of
Kscrihanus (Secretaries
ic same capacity herein),
counsel is heard for the
tlie evidence, and talics
e Court Individually, be-
rhe judgment in all cases
i, when an appeal lies to
id is enrolled in the
' artillery, cavalry, ami
k staff. Their appcar-
■e ~
)0
St. Anne's is really
, and a more efficif iit
lan perhaps in any of
nor is of course Com-
Brigadiers-Generals,
master, Mustermaster,
dvocate- Genera/, with
rgeon, and Apothc-
Ulicers, two ColoiieKs
twelve Majors, and
was as follows [B. 11.
—Cavalry, 23 staff, Ki
tliccrs and privates.
non- commissioned
ion. — Cavalry, !> stall',
officers and privates.
on-commissioned offi-
, — Cavalry, 4 officers,
■rs and privates. In-
comniissioned officers
avalry, 10 officers and
id privates. Infantry,
issioned officers and
avalry. Infantry, .1
ned officers and pri-
30 officers, 120 non-
i^ates. Infantry, l.'iO
officers and privates.
splendid. The artil-
gold lace ; the ro\ al
acings buff, and lace
light infantry, giccii
uniform ; and the sea fencibles blue, with white fac-
ings ; and so on through the whole of the other corps.
The lines for non-attendance on parade, agreeably to
the resolutions for the government of the militia
forces of this island are — A Colonel, 80 dollars ; Lieut.
Colonel, ."iO dollars ; Major, 40 dollars; Captain, 12
dollars; Lieutenant, Ensign, Surgeon, Adjutant, and
Quarter-Master, 8 dollars ; Scrgeant-Major and Quar-
ter-Master Sergeant, 8 dollais; Sergeant, f) dollars ;
Corporal, ^ dollars ; Private i first offence) 4 dollars ;
second, (> dollars ; and for the third renders himself
liable to be brought to trial by a general regimental
fourt martial, which court is empowered to pass sen-
tence of fine and imprisonment; not, however, ex-
ceeding twenty dollars, and forty-eight hours confine-
ment. And should a fourth offence occur, any private
so offending, is liable, on conviction before a court
martial, to be removed from the colony, as being
inimical to the regulations established for the security
and good order thereof. Besides the militia, there
are the head quarters of a F.uropean regiment of the
line, and part of a West India regiment.
XI. Duties, taxei, StC. — 34 percent, on importations,
ad valorem ; 34 per cent, on exportations, ad valorem ;
" per cent, on wines, ad valorem ; 34 per cent, and
Is. S'id. per gallon on strong waters, ad valorem.
Taxes. — On houses, 5 per cent, on assessed rent ; on
slaves, 8,«. 8(/. sterling each per annum. On transient
traders, 2k per cent, ad valorem. Testamentary duty
on be(|uests and inheritances, according to degree.
Duties on bequests by will made in Trinidad : In the
ascending line, 2 per cent. ; collateral line of the first
degree, 24 per cent. ; of the second degree, 34 per
cent. ; of the third degree, 44 per cent. ; to illegiti-
mate or natural children, fi [-.er cent. ; to all other
persons, 7 per cent. ; bequests from the fifth, fi per
cent. ; and on all legacies, or inheritances paid to
persons, residents of a foreign colony or state (except
in the descending line) an addition of 2 per cent.
On Shipping. — A duty of sixpence sterling per ton,
upon vessels entering and clearing with a cargo, and
being above .lO tons. An additional duty of \s. per
ton upon vessels above 2.') tons ; not to be exacted
more than twice in one year upon vessels above 2.'>
tons and not exceeding .''tO tons. On lands. — A quit
rent of Is. 3(i. fi-lO sterling per quarree (3 1-5 acres)
upon lands granted by the crown. Wharfage. — Lum-
ber of all kinds, staves and shooks, bricks and tiles,
per 1000 feet, lOrf. 4-10 sterling ; coals and lime, per
hogshead, 10(/. 4-10 sterling.
The revenue in 1824 was3f>280/., and the e^p'-n:!:
tore 37.')87/. ; in 1825, revenue 44332/., expenditure
35958/.; in 1826, revenue .5492l/.,expenditure 44589/.;
in 1827, revenue 50080/., expenditure 54015 .
Revenue and Expenditure of Trinidad in Sterling Money.
Revenue.
1827.
1828. 1 1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836
3i percent, ad val. on impoi ts
6495/.
8046/.! 7902/
4755/.
5080/.
4096/.
4620/
4971/
5354/.
3| per cent, ad val. on exports
14,586
15563
14678
6470
7942
9067
11101
12822
120.52
On foreign imports (from col-
lector of H. M. customs)
11498
79."9
5100
4618
3876
1837
2944
3193
2783
On wines and strong waters
669
1384
932
391
360
461
886
882
637
On houses
2411
2499
2558
2135
1923
1299
10.52
1032
1235
On slaves
9365
9449
9253
6837
7133
5390
5142
5282
. r On houses .
Arrears ofj 0,^3,^^^.^ :
844
61
334
134
853
689
995
1039
1030
1620
436
265
175
1582
1488
1638
1583
4898
Miscellaneous
2592
3911
2174
504
3076
2692
6742
10607 1 14441
Total
50080
49308
43196
26019
31825
27019
35120
41411
42430
T3 [ Civil Government .
g J Judicial Establishment
g* I Ecclesiastical Do. .
W [ Miscellaneous
Total
14197/,
6838
3399
29957
13.546/.
6838
1977
18582
15407/ 11659/.I11787/.I12974/.
i
6837
2889
11451
6764
3142
28073
7214 i 4646
2849 ' 2425
15877 16846
54391 140943 136584 149638 ;37727 136891
143.54/.
10358
4022
3633
32367
13023/.: 107564,
8638 I 8649
3348 ' .3428
10145 I 9116
35154 31949
Recapitulation of the Establishment of Trinidad in
J 1835, paid by the Colony. [B. B. p. 115.] Civil
I Establishment, including special police, 15375/. ; con-
Itingent expenditure, 1368/. Judicial establishment,
1 8503/. ; contingent expenditure, 1371/. Ecclesiastical
establishment, 3480/. ; contingent expenditure, 52/.
Miscellaneous expenditure, 1748/. Pensions paid in
[the Colony, 225/. ; paid in England, 1866/. Charge-
I able on British Treasury and other sources for cus-
I toms, 4809/. Total 38797/.
Commissariat Department, Triniiiad, 1835, paid by
\Ensland. — Provisions, forage, received from England,
14242/.; purchased in the command, 4513/. =8655/.
JFucI and light, received from England, 203/.; pur-
jchased in command, 425/.=628l. Miscellaneous pu;--
chases, 3/. ; transport, 479/. ; pay of extra staff, 420/. ;
military allowances, 1359/.; special services, 214/.;
contingencies, 288/. ; ordnance, 2666/. ; ordinaries,
10319/.; pay of commissariat officers, 570/. = 25604/.
Deduct repayments. Ration stoppages, 238/. ; sales
by the commissariat, 27/.; ordnance, 349=614/.;
nett charge, 24989/.
Ordnance Department. [From B.B. for 1835, p. 46.]
Disbursements for construction and repairs of barracks
and military buildings, 631/.
The trade of the Island may, to a great extent, be
judged of by the quantity of produce raised i'.
it, as given at page 34. The quantity of the prin-
cipal articles exported from Trinidad is thus shewn, —
[I ^
i
'. I
ill!
? ii
It J.
I ' 1
In:!
'
m
M
m
32
TRINIDAD.— COMMERCF,.
XII. Exported Produce of Trinidad from 1S21 to 1837.
Years.
1821
1822
1823
1824
1 825
182fi
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1831
183")
183f.
1837
Sugar.
Molasses.
Rum.
Punch.
Cocoa.
Coffee,
lbs.
Cotton.
Indigo.
Hogsh'.'.s
Tierces.
Barrels
Hhds.
Tier.
lbs.
Bales.
Seroons.
Seroons.
20412
576
7999
2730
1208
1214093
199555
268
-
20051
714
7908
2932
7f)l
1780379
347399
222
23f,r.2
510
7038
f.245
5fir,
2424703
299404
460
23302
882
f)85r,
7409
471
2661628
284637
352
22512
ir.370
7890
7890
68
2760603
177.348
492
567
-g
25541
1358
8075
8(;72
3.'>3
2951171
3212.54
107
2811
o
■ »
20075
1320
7(>18
9f>94
5H9
3696144
373424
201
2368
29fi05
10fi7
6r.34
11320
30f.
285
2582323
266754
118
2915
= 50
30r.29
877
5184
I0fi8f.
596
559
2756603
199015
123
1 234
« 10
91812
480
3781
484f,
1(13
258
11,46531
197860
50
1010
7
2375fi
449
5500
8297
94
853
1 888852
1 9994
31
250
12
2.5912
774
f)895
10977
504
1.530990
2400196
150966
151727
40
498
J <1
No
returns.
65
59
2315957
131871
2395f.
13f.7
4928
95f.2
782
3188870
219994
42
815"! Trinidad
22925
1078
3r)22
8842
CM
11
2507483
194740
38
1243/
Gazette.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF TRINIDAD.-
B. B. Colon
ial Office.
YEAns.
From Gt. Britain.
From
West
Indies
Val. £
From North
America.
From Vn
States
Itert
From Foreign
Stales.
Total.
Val.l
No.
40
Tons.
Val. £
No,
Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. .#
No.
Tons.
Men.
18-2-J
17(ifi":
9421
11530
32173
175
13614
8836
12
17H8
I86115' 50
330S
246092
277
28131
2238
1823
27-32V
74
16375
12860
24153
172
10577
26564
51
6583
4480 45
2140
351095
275
35981
2909
18-JI
50331'.
*
*
9559
19868
«
#
33145
«
•
8OI2' •
«
285750
«
«
*
18'.>f)
2972!t:i
77
18305
61
403
151
10532
^ ,
, ,
, ,
101467 214
19399
460163
442
210236
4212
1827
287171-
83
18697
24955
36584
185
11845
79607 158
11043
428819
426
41585
..
1828
32628.0
102
223(il
11895
36906
151
12884
, ,
, ,
. .
72023] 17<'
11371
417109
429
406 19
1829
31()10(i
<n>
24333
13-187
38289
179
1/058
J ,
, ,
.,
66848 206
14324
431830
481
55715
1830
15281b
59
13865
13099
29620
174
13681
. .
53908 148
10619
250555
381
38165
1831
18285(i
88
216II
11404
39793
189
14860
3 |6H4
31
4245
31830 72
5071
300567
380
45787
3078
1832
1790!(2
73
16722
15260
3024H
163
12903
16301
22
3311
19291 91
5924
260192
349
38860
264 1
1833
2O706r
73
I7SH7
2U62H
38092
137
11390
16324
31
4396
24971 7'>
4030
307075
317
37403
2553
1834
220421:
87
20024
8754
32331
143
11.565
22533
34
5250
24134 7t
4310
308178
338
41149
2851
183.1
233681
82
18886
lfi024
34081
165
12062
21272
39
5799
29«56| 75
4216
334714
361
40963
2810
1836
. .
, ,
, ,
1 ..
, .
, ,
..
1837
•■
■•
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
From Elsewhere, valnc, 1822, 4344/; 1823,5715/; 1824,11852/; 1827,525/; 1830,1110/.
EXPORTS OF TRINIDAO.
1822
1823
1824
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1 834
183S
1836
1637
238095
205K81
261437
327332
352912
410521
401965
167657
202057
230014
288794
333090
297641
58
68
«
76
a7
109
101
71
73
84
08
H7
82
12812
1,5958
*
16920
19S23
23928
23804
17755
17 807
19113
18214
19942
1840i
4012
3319
4325
361
10764
11057
9548
9178
III9H
IOO69
11083
8993
11541
23911
15326
1890s
94
30099
20279
23004
14769
19230
2328
I96OO
21202
17990
169
174
*
167
217
21H
245
216
218
209
190
150
233
12184:
10694'
• I
1039
15139'
159861
191711
17191
16034
1430L'!
14097i
8958
14480
2994
9
1354
17425
50
0613
19639
«
*
6027
34
48*54
4102
18
2729
1336
20
2988
6927
20
3172
41779
24
4299
18521 43
34011 43
623j *
897881178
11276 124
20319
12774
7478
5880
10941 1
16HIO'
243291
1906
102
135
123
41
44
59
70
62
2296
2430
I73O8
11380
8135
11104
10235
3420
29958
362965
365197
453314
448813
478870
451628
1 99082
214392
40471 279007
45911 341571
6421! 394541
6166 37O857
27!;
28645
335
35695
«
*
421
44327
428
46342
429
4,8349
481
54079
410
451H1
369
42115
355
40191
337
39893
327
38490
401
43350
2418
2830
2888
2824
2763
2712
3080
To Elsewhere, valne, 1822, 28600/. ( 1823, 57551/. 1 1824,60167/.; 1827,43762/.; 1828,4094/.; 1829,4245/.; 1833,3276/.
Note.— Ihoae marked with an asterisli show that no returns have been received.
XIII. The following are tiie Spanish Weights and
Measures, and the proportion they bear to English.
Weights — The Fanoga = 112 lbs. English; the
Quintal, = 100; 1 Aroba, =25.
Measures. —
Varas.
Estadale.
100
= 1
Solare.
2500
= 25 =
1 Suerte.
10000
= 100 =
I = 1 Fanega.
40000
= 400 =
16 = 4 =1
The Vara of Castille = English Inches. . 32-952
Seville 33-127
Madrid 39-16(;
The measures used in surveying in Trinidad is the
quarree, containing 18526^ varas of Castile, or 3 and
l-5th English acres; consequently 100 quarr6e are
equal to 320 acres.
The side of a square of a quarree, or 3 and l-r)th
English acres, is equal to 373 8-1 Iths English fcpt;
408!f Spanish ditto ; 350 French ditto, or 136 and
1-1 0th Sjianish varas.
TRINIDAD.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
■^^
Cotton.
Indigo.
ES.
Seroons.
Seroons.
.')f>7
281 1
o
'2MA
2 9 IT)
12;!4
.S.'''0
« 10
1010
7
2r>o
12
498
J '1
)
81.') 1 Trinidad
H
124:j;
Gazette.
Total.
^al. ^•
No.
Tons.
Men.
4609i
277
28i:ii
22:18
5101)5
a75
.15981
2909
85750
*
«
*
fl(iifi:i
41-2
2102:16
4212
•iSMl!)
42(i
41585
, .
1710!)
4-2tl
40fil9
.11 Hill)
181
55715
.'10555
;i8i
;i81()5
0(l5fi7
HBO
45787
.•J078
()01!)-2
a49
:i8h6o
2t)4 1
117075
H17
[i/W.^
255.1
OH 178
;i3H
41149
2851
;m7U
:Uii
4090;!
2810
i-M, 1I10{.
29958
27P
2864.')
()i9t)5
:i:<5
35695
65197
*
«
5:t:il4
421
44327
lS8l:i
428
46342
?8870
429
48;U9
iWiiH
481
54079
)90S2
410
451U1
t4;<92
369
42115
•9007
;t55
40191
11571
337
39H9:i
)4541
:i27
38496
0857
401
43350
3418
2h:i6
28H8
2824
2763
2712
3080
Il829, 4245/.; 1833, 3276/.
|eive(l.
bish Inches. . .32.9.')2
:{;M27
39-i(;i;
lying in Trinidad is the
liras of Castile, or 3 and
lently 100 quarrfee are
||uarree, or 3 and 1-Mh
8-llth8 English fcpt;
ich ditto, or 13G and
Trinidad Coim. — British Coin of the Realm. In
(Silver: The half crown 2*. 6d.; shilling I2ii., six-
ipence Cut. British Colonial Coin. — Silver: The tjiiar-
ter dollar 1*. 1'/., eighth fii^d., sixteenth 3i'/. ; Fo-
reign Coins in Gold: The douliloon, value in currency
£rt., value in sterling £',, Os, -Ul., half do. £4. do. £1.
Ui. Sd , quarter do. £2., do. 17.v, 3(i., eighth do. £1.,
=:8,«. 81/., sixteenth 10.«.,=4s. 4(/. In silver: The
dollar 10*., value in sterling 4s. 4.rf., half dollar ,5.?.,=
•2.1. '2d. Peceta Mcxicana 2«. '/.,= 1.«. \d., real Is.,
=.')i/. 4-.')ths, half do. Mexican plate, C(<.=^2i(/2-")th8,
(few in circulation.) In base Silver : the Peceta or
provincial pistareen 2.«. value in sterling 10,7., the
real or provincial plate orbit 1*.= 5(/., the real vel-
lon or half bit 4!j(/.,=2(i.
XIV. The vegetation of Trinidad is of the same splcn •
did character as that found on the main land, notanists
specify en the island aspen rush, or Ci/p-'ru.i hnnpun
Commclina hexandra, yanax rhnj.wphillii — rUcx
capitnlfi, Juslic.ia sccunda, sulanmti lurtitm, ce.itrum
latifuliiim, Allamanda ralhartica, Macroeneum vocri-
neitm , fradichin paniculata , spathr Imvonimbosa, rnhi.
_iia riibis:inosa lupinii nllosis, gv /ciyie pictn, Ri^nnia
hnmiits, tabemannontann undulal 1, Zapogoni"' nwn-
tnsd, (lotnn s^ossi/pifolinni, tragia corniridalt elm
srnndens, ^'c. J^c. The forests contain the fim. wood
for ship building and for ornamental purposes,
lamongst which the red cedar, and a great variety of
palms are conspicuous. The nutmeg, cinnamon and
clove, have been introduced into the iiland and flou-
rish, particularly the former. The cacao, or cocoa,
(whence the delicious thca broma, or divine beverage
[is made) is indigenous to the new world ; in Mexico,
he beans served, even in Humboldt's tiine, for small
oin, as cowries do in India — six beans being cquiva-
cnt to one halfpenny English ; and the Castilians,
ivhethcr in America or Spain, soon learned to con.sider
hocolate a necessary of life, — indeed, it was seriously
isputcd for some time among the churchmen of
ome whether it were lawful to consume so nourish-
ing a beverage on a fast day ; but the inclinations of
he palate naturally prevailed over scruples of con-
cience, and it was even finally served to the Creole
adies by their slaves in the chapels of Mexico during
ivine service. The cocoa tree somewhat resembles
hat producing the English cherry, fifteen feet in
eight, delighting in a new and productive soil near
he margin of a river, and requiring shelter from
trong sunshine or violent winds, for which i)urpose
he |)lantain trees, Musa Paradisiara, or coral bean
ree, Enjlhrinn, (which the Spaniards call Mudre di
^acno) are planted between every second row, giving
most luxuriant appearance to a plantation, the long
are stems of tropic-J trees being strongly contrasted
.ith the rich green ui the cacaos below, and here and
here brilliant and burning with the golden foliage of
'w tldin initnortd, a lofty umbrageous tree, which in
lie flowering season is covered with clusters of scarlet
lu.ssoms of exceeding brightncs.s, and shinini;' like
rilliant velvet in the sun-rays ; while the lovely
utterfly jilant (so called from its perfect similitude
;o the insect) fluttering on its almost invisible stalk,
idds beauty and variety to the prospect.
As it would be advisable to extend the cultivation
f cacao to Ceylon and other of our Eastern settlc-
cnts, the following description of the cultivation of
ihis nutritious nut is given. Seedling plants should
e raised in the dry and sheltered spots of a nursery
round. The seeds arc sown in small raised mounds,
t regular intervals, two seeds being deposited in each
ound, lightly covered with mould, and sheltered
from the scorching sun with plantain leaves, or some
other cool and umbrageous canopy. If the season be
dry moderate watering should be used, and if both
seeds germinate, the weakest plant must be destroyed.
When the shrub attains fifteen or eighteen inches in
height, (which will be the casein ten or twelve weeks)
its transplantation to the fixed location is necessary.
The plants must be arranged in straight rows, in a
quincunx form, with a distance between each of six-
teen feet, should the soil be rich, and of not less than
thirteen if less fertile. Transplantation in dry wea-
ther, earth removed with the plants and the tap root
deep set when replaced. The cacao delights in the
shade ; a vertical sun destroys it, therefore it is impe-
ratively necessary to plant between every second row
either the plantain tree or the coral bean tree, (ery-
thrina). When the tree is about two years old it
usually puts forth from five to seven branches from
the top, all beyond five are cut away ; in about six
months more Howers commonly appear, which must
be also destroyed ; indeed, it i.s usual to repeat this
abscision annually, until the fifth year, in order that
the productive power of the tree may be finally per-
fected in greater strength. A great number of (lowers
fall without fructifying ; the fruit, while growing, is
green, but as it ripens the jiod changes to a bluish red,
approaching to puriile, with ])ink veins ; in some
varieties the fruit pod becomes of ii delicate yellow or
lemon colour. When over ri|;e the jiods sometimes
burst, and the seeds fall from their gelatinous pulp.
The crop may he said to last throughout the year, but
the priiicipul gatherings of the fiuit are in June and
towards the end of Dcctinber. Xo unripe pods mu.st
be gathered. The ripe pods are brokLU with a mallet
or cut open, and the seeds separated from the pulp
with a wooden spatula ; to separate the seeds entirely
from the pulj), they are placed in a hole with some
dry sand, and left until a very slight fermentation
comes on the sand, being freijuently stirred and re-
plenished to absorb the moisture from the seeds ;
when at the end of three or four days the process is
completed by spreading out the cacao nuts on rush
mats, or upon a platform in the sun to dry, care being
taken to prevent rain reaching the seeds. When quite
dry and hard the nuts may be lightly packed in bags
or boxes, and kept in a dry or airy place for use or
exportation.
The following calendar of the fruits of Trinidad for
the year, will demonstrate the variety of delicious
food which this valuable colony yields. January pro-
duces sappidilloes, pomegranates, sour-sops, plantains,
bananas, pa[)as, or papaws. The vegetaliles are —
okros, capsicums of all kinds, which indeed are com-
mon every month in the year ; cocoa nuts, which are
seldom u.sed but for cakes and puddings, ground
down ; pigeon oi.' Angola peas, sweet potatoes, yams
of different sorts, and tanias. February, the vegetable
called chicon, or christophini comesan. March, grc-
nadilloes are added to the former list. April, Java
plums, mangoes, mamme sapnetas, pines of several
varieties, the Otaheitan g'"osf berry, Jamaica plums,
cerasees, and bread fruit. May, water-melons and
cashew apples. June is much the same in her pro-
ductions ; pigeon peas are now nearly out of season.
In July, the avocado pear comes in ; it is also known
by the name of the alligator jicar, or subaltern's but-
ter, from its inside resembling very yellow fresh butter
both in consistence and colour.
In August, the only new fruit is the yellow hog
plum ; the other fruits in season arc the mamme
sapoetas and avocado pears. September produces
II
i
,TJ
TIUNIDAll— STAIM.K PRODUCTS ANU PROPERTY,
sugar and custard apples, sea-sido prnpcs, nnd Portu-
giit'se yams. The I'riiit nnd vt'(;{>tnl)lc» of OctoluT nre
nearly the same as SeptctnlHT ; and the only dill'tr-
ence in Noveinlier is the bread- tViiit being ri|)e nirnin.
neeeinbor i)rinR8 in pnnvns, nnd thnt ini)st excellent
production, sorrel. This jilnnt has a succulent stalk,
and grows I'roni three to four feet liigh. There is a
blossom, not indike the common English coluiiibine ;
there are two vnrieties, white and red ; the blossoms,
when slightly fermented, produce a tlelightful bevo-
rnge, or, stewed with sugnr, make tnrts or jnin. All
the orange and lemon tribe, shnddoeks, nnd forbidden
fruit, plantains, and bananns, mny be had every month
in the year, but they abound most from April to Sep-
tember. Mountain cabbage is always in season, and
is a most delicious vegetable.
Previous to 178:i the whole produce of Trinidad
was a very small (piantity of cocoa, vanilla, indigo,
arnotto, cotton and maize, not more than sufficient to
employ a small schooner two or three times a year
for its conveyance to St. iMistatia. In 17H7 the first
sugar plantation was formed, and in Inoi! the cultiva-
tion and produce of soine ol the principal articles was
as follows: — 11>2 sugar |)lantations \ieldiiig I.'>l(il
hogsheads; (the hogshead in IH02 weighed 1200 lbs.;
it has since been made to contain 1 KIO to I'iOO lbs.)
V28 cottee ditto, .S.OHfifiO lbs ; .''.7 cocoa ditto, '.)7000
lbs. ; 101 cotton ditto, L'Ci.'IdOO lbs. ; employing ship-
ping annually to the amount of l.')0()0 tons. In lH07
there were exported to Knirland, British America, and
to the United States, IHii'.V} hogsheads of sugar, or
i»l234r>00 lbs. ; 4ri00()0 gallons of rum ; and 100000
gallrns of syrup; there were iiiade besides in the same
year, ."iOOOOO lbs. of coU'ee ; .'{.''loOOO lbs. of cocoa, and
HOOOOO lbs. of cotton.
Produce of I'rinidad frini 17!)[)tn l«:i7.
l/!)9
IHUd
I so I
Isn2
l8ii;i
ISIN
1M(I.'>
iBafi
ISIIK
1KII()
ISIO
IHll
IHl'.!
IHKI
1K14
IHI.'i
IKll)
1817
1H18
IHly
18-^ll
Wi\
182-2
1823
1824
1S2S
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
183
1832
1833
1834
183.'.
1836
1837
11)-.
84I(|S.'i9
!)K!).'ifi:l4
i.';4t)ii)i2
l41(i4!)H4
I(i(ll4(l.'i6
18.-9.')41rt
2!)13Si76
2!tll4.'>l3i)
2:i!),-i(H)28
24H,'i6!)73
21-4t)773
lHr)13302
2097 1. 180
222SH14.'i
2l6otii;i8
2.'>07.'i2«l
24 1 224 IS
227847O7
232(l03'irt
302().1731
30-143(13
311. '7803
3.'j.'i9.'>932
3/0321) I H
;i6b.').-i94<i
36280347
43154456
•
48795962
50089121
33331988
36421875
40881482
37681572
*
44732430
o
Ills.
258.MM)
•-•HI 1 70
32)720
13x669
361070
503210
5276(10
5SHH05
6U8993
719230
726173
640732
1375539
1029512
II5816.I
1065808
1(156662
1341461
I23-.'6H5
1506445
1744465
■648114
I8O973O
1892 195
24 I33H8
2835935
2640989
2682719
2206167
1446293
1146344
1 3H8(i.)6
24U0196
2315957
o
u
ll)";.
335913
419614
328666
27K27I
185658
304138
286379
418049
387028
264330
295443
276243
28246(1
540716
382888
262289
119974
215190
224972
258220
211555
222809
2055«()
245567
245592
274735
275226
241697
226123
92096
75754
148221
151727
131871
Ihs.
323415
317395
262997
190210
178046
164069
256792
167700
139200
134190
114980
1.59136
13U390
184400
148505
115150
93710
65951
109070
131990
96^.45
52871
64300
91550
45750
58IH9
SbU30
36200
25230
80UO
680C
11300
11300
3300
a
3
KHllmi!'.
1 70671
194488
343113
350049
344292
371544
426469
399122
94(1:164
53(1081
463870
420(191
548014
6()676l
487142
523632
449067
371422
439(163
534626
524316
496HI7
555878
391528
3441174
316543
4177S-*
397 118
400321
322578
3446(12
217473
231125
30S528
gallons,
142636
128507
173369
143237
214120
3:.5877
564558
649432
606100
477262
82163
324942
366070
301795
262(1(J8
6827 1 8
373873
351234
415251
545106
471001
43U(I02
488125
658870
798814
855814
9952U1
1405490
1362605
65 IS 15
8352(10
1138643
I0O5649
1288157
* No Returas.
The annals of no cotmtry present such an extraor-
dinary increase of cultivation, and consequent pro-
duction of wiidth.
The resources of the island are in fact very great;
the moui.taiiious portion which cannot be cidtivntcil
forms less thun one thirtieth of the surt'acc ; by 11
measurement in 17'J'.* it was found that there mny \w
formed on the territory lUlH sugar, 9-1.''' ((dfee, .'5(il
cocoa, nnd l.'iH cotton — plantations of 100 s(piare8,(ir
.■<1'0 acres each.
Nature aud Quantity of Produce.
Mill
00 — « l.» •?) *)
: "3-S :Ji : : :"
10
■ujoa
;tc?i:Ji-.ao otis-M-*
oiipiBW JO siojjnn 1 « S| f| ' :";;""'
•S,1SSB[(1|V
JU 8UO||«')
■uinH JO Buonao
N _ _ T rt - -
X
X
•IIOJIODJO-Sq'r
:| : :| : : : : : :
C
B
-7
•a^JBoa Ji> *V\
X X ^ ' ! Ti to "
10 n ?i
X
■0
to
en
•B0303 JO "sqT
Oi C X ?I » -M (g
10 1 -. T -« JD rs ?l to . . »0
n
.2
■a
•JBSms jo 'sqi
« -o - "I to IN. CI o> a X -
— r: 'fl ?t £h on '. X ch ?i -0
X =f, 1 ^ » - Tt rs c» 01 « ^
X -O X C rt .0 -M = a> r X
— 1^ -M ?! (C l^t f C 'O X
•^ -^ -o r: ?i — s 'C •■-: ^ »o
— — — -) — Tii^'O'f?:^
1
a
s
•s
•8}B0f)
-f o> ri t :r. ■?> t-: X ?t 1^
C « LT ..-: - T to M Ch 1* =
— — CI to « ri
T
•soinK
to — •?■ 1 ■.'■O C^ t !■* •!■ 1-* C^.
to » ■» X X rr. to '^ r: 'O ?i «
— -HT)i?t-^'^»OI'*»0«« I-.
•a
•aiUB.l paiuoH
xxxi>.-?ioxciriM-r -
n^CJiritOTIplOCltO— .-:
«wfi>.7i«^tn«M ■-
1
i
!«
'8<I8JUH
r,2£S5-='S-S3 = 2?|?
0.
1
.a
.5
■0
J_
C
<
!
•puKi p,i}T!.\(}inDnn
jo SJJ3B JO -ON
!0 X ri CO 'X <r: ri I N. 'T 1 -
Txc — i>.o cn'T»>.a)'':
to X to X to -* ;r. Ci «■•:
L"
£
a.
■dojo u|
saiDB JO -ON imox
00 ?. 10 — 1 > — =f. -f oito rt iTi
CttOCIOOlMtOOXJ. X X
— X ?i ii~. X 'C oito -; u
■V'voioG^cii^i'.crsco '.r:
5
•3
■aiU)8«<]
(M X - i-O - cotcto -J- t>.o t>
toa«rt»0'H'*rG5 — xo -
S
•8U0IS(A0Jtl
« l^ 0; 7* !>, Cl In. — « rS 1 -
tO-»f«fl?lP5-t"a?0-fl-» M
w CO 1?! >o c» »o X lO i>. X 1"* ri
tf
•>io«('3l :;!::"£::;::. 1 i
■»mn'\ -^ ct 1 ^ ri -. to f 1 >. CO . l-
T
•sauBO i«3ns } g S = g r, | g. P, g | f, g
i 1
a
■S • * • . * i ^ d . .
« r. - 2 £ - a
One four horse jiower steam engine at I5cos Bay,
East const, for turning stone rollers to bruise the pulp I
of the cocoa nut, and hydraulic press, to extract the!
oil, 80011 gallons of oil made in 183.'), velue \Ml\
A small tile manufactory on the Coroni river, L'oOMJ
till,-,, value H7/, Ditto at Baraneon, 70000 tiles, vniuel
2-13/. There are nine boats employed in the whale I
fishery; 30 whales were caught this year, value H'Ol.r
s
csent such an extrnor-
, and consequent pro-
nrc in fnct very great ;
li cnmiot be cultiviifctl
(if the surt'ai-e ; l)y ii
1111(1 tlmt there niny lie
susar, i)4r. it.iree, :5(il
tions of 100 squares, nr
1 ?i
r.to ?i ^ . fi r: " ^ *
"J S M • IN
f X r s -< "*' '*> I* *'' 2
-•OXrtcoxorjioa
'I ; n - o f oc X 'X "2
3^ :f - a» -f o " 2
D X w . ?i <0 "
c X 71 o © -M S
C ^ X Ot — *'? ©
-5 C^*C X M »0 2
i t ^ =; x « ri to
— n to o> w -^
Oi X
. X
^«iClOt^'?IO>CX
r: .-J ?i 5i Oil ^ X £< ri
5 X c; Tt 'O -M = 51. £
Z - ri i- Ti t'.t5 -* « '
X rt o — -T. to n ci f'. «
-• 91(0 ^ «^
t^x X cJi«'^ ? ^3 i2 1^
'x"aoTr^i~o'x~s r:~« -r
oSVTto T' Si® ^«=;
w-fi>.ri^<oi'««M
ci X "1 r. Oi ov« ~ :" ^
■^x»o^ 4r?XX^^
r.|M~^i C^'l -, O io O f
1 X «M M X »r ^ !■* 12 '«
JO — i>.0 3>^t^OitO
otoxto f Oito sjio tn
•o -M » ci rs « o ^ .2' 2
O X 71 tf. X ifl O OitO ^
-?■ Oi 3 IN i?! I -« < » — " <^
■M3^— XC?iSOiS*"
■ — lo — yjtctOfl^O
ir:c". •0"rT = — xo
! I - =r, 71 !>. r» 1^ -^ « p I -^
• f ..T r: n -^ 3J !^ ■^ »"* i "-i
1 71 tO 71 »fl X »fl »-^X !>. .5
■ CO 71 -« ^ - -^ O
S ::"£::::: .
Z
r^-to-^ x-cneoN
X -J" « . ^ rt «
« « X I^- X Cl© p
71 1^ 71 — to -»• l>« . »?■
(N3j71'-''VC^ ■"• *"
Cl
7:
T
I l-X 71 "* to S -T" I
1 C 3v -X M I - X — I
C8
' S rt (fl
^ -. *2 S S B ■
r *; ta rtx: M, • . iS o
am engine at Bcos n«)V
oilers to bruise the pulp J
lie press, to extract the!
in 183r), vi'lue \Mi\
the Coroni river, li'ii'i'J
neon, 70000 tiles, vnliio
employed in the wlialel
t this year, value U'Of [
TOBAGO.— LOCALITY. AREA, AC
Situftfiiin uikI extent of the crown lands, in acres,
id Triiiidiul inlH27: — Ariiiiu, 11431*; Ciireimge and
Ciiesse, CiL'JI ; C^aruni, 308.')rt ; Cudros, J13.'i ; Cha-
(.'uanin, HOlO ; Coura, Savanctta, &c. L'l'l'I".!* ; Diego
Martin, J IL'7 ; Krin, ll!)l; Gtiana|io, .'■.•J317; Ilica-
wi, 3017 ; Irios, Ol'l ; I.abrea 11. id (iuapo, ('.471 ;
l.iis Ceiivas, 4r>02 ; Maraval, 4021 ; Mariuras Valley,
i:i2H; Mayaro, "fif^T) ; Oropiiche, 317.^; I'oint a I'ii'rre,
4.')27 ; South Naparima, ')'J02 ; Santa Cruz, 40Ci ;
Savnnns Grande, 733 ; .lacari(|ue nnil Araiica, ;)7')3 ;
Joco and Cuinana, 27<i.'i; Valley of (Jaura, 2'.)r>.'> : laud
in the interior uniletineil in its boundaries, HHKi.'iH.
Total of ci.nvn l.uids in Trinidad, 10-<0.'i(iO acres.
In 11^31 there wrre in the island )2 v ater, H wind,
'.'09 cattle, and H3 colfee mills ; 40 steam engines.
IJ"*") mounted boilers. 134 stills of 3.''i'JhO gallons.
'.)20 carts and 243 boats. The nuinhiT of (piarrces
(a r/iiiiirce contains three and one tifth Kuglisli acres)
of land in cultivation in the island were — In Cranes,
h;I21; cocoa, 2072; cocoa trees, 2, 4f')4,42(i ; in colfee,
3 ID ; cotton, OH ; negro grounds, .31.') I ; estates' pro-
visions, KiH'j; pasture, 34f)2; total in cultivation,
2i>,iil2; not in cultivation, 3.'>,71H; Total held by
proprietors, .Id, 330. The crop in lH31was: — sugar,
:;:t,240,'jr.O lbs.; cocoa, 1,470,008; colfee, 99,373;
(juisrrioN. AND GF.OGiiAruv. nr>
cotton, CiHOO ; rum, 390,,'.3() g.dlon^ ; molasses,
974,031. The stock in 1h31 was; — hmses and innies,
90H ; miihs, .".OSH ; a-ises, 22ri ; cows and calvrs,
2139; bulls and oxen, 2I2H ; sheep, 720; goats, 742
Kstimated value of property annually created, and
moveable and immoveable, in Trinidad, /'(■(i/ic;/;/
iiKiiiDillii fieitlfit : — Sugar, 3.17,143 cwts. at 20,*.
3.".7,143'/; rum, 400,000 gallons at 1. v. Cm/ 30,000/;
molasses, 1,000,000 gallons at lOi/. 4 1 .CC.C./ ; cocoa,
l,.')()(l,0()Oll)S. at Cm/. 37,.">0(1/ ; colfee, 1,000,0(10 at 7'/.
29,lCiCi/; cotton, 2.">,000 Ills, at C,./. C.2.'i/ ; vcefable
food, itc. at 3/. per anruiui each, 120,000/ ; uniinal
food undtisli,at .'>/. per uiinuin each, 210,000/ ; ma;iu-
f.icturi'rs, iiiC"Mio and sundries, .'■)0(),0()0/. I'lu/ifitii
iniirfiililf 1111(1 ill! iitiiri'dhli' : — Land, cultivated, 100,0110
acres at 1(1/. 4,000,000/ ; uncultivated and ungranted,
1,000,000 acre, at .l.v. 2.'iO,0(IO/ ; public |)roperty,
roads, buildings, wharfs, cannon, tiiiilH'r,Xc. 1,(100,0<)0/;
private property, ii tilling houses, stores, furniture,
clothes, i>te. I, MOO, 000/; roads, wharfs, machinery,
boats. Sec. 000,000/; horses, cattle, mules, gouts, Kc.
100,000/; Bullion or coin in circulation, 00,000/;
total jiroporty annually created, 1,332,100/; total
property moveable and inimovcuble, 7,710,000/.
ClIAPrEll HI.— TOU.VGO.
Section I. — Tobago is situate in 11. 10 X. lat.
00. 30 \V. long, the western end distant but six miles
from Trinidad, and the eastern 2 1 leagues from (ira-
iiada ; it is the most southerly of the Caribee islands ;
i.i length it is about 32 miles, in an \i N.ll. dJreoti(m ;
and in its greatest breadth 12 miles, embracing a
mountainous area of 44 scpiare miles.
II. Tobago, or TnUacvo, was discovered by Colum-
bus in 1490, and thus named after the pipe used by
the islanders in smoking the herb now so extensively
used in the Old World, and then ternu'd Knfiihu. —
When first visited it was found to be peopled by a
race since well known under the denomituition of
Caribs, who were continually at war with another
nation called Arrawaaks, residing on the main land.
The Tobagians sometime after left the island and re-
tired from the pursuit of the Arrawaaks to St. Vin-
cent ; where, it is said, they lived in peace with the
Indians inhabiting that isle. In l.')«(), the British
flag was planted on the island; in lOOH, James the
First claimed its sovereignty ; no ell'ectnal coloniza-
tion however then took place. A small British Co-
lony is said to have settled on the island from Bar-
badoes, in 102.') ; but it was subsequently abandoned.
A description of Tobago is said to have suggested the
scenery of Crusoe's Island to De Foe. Tiie isle was
granted to the Earl of Pembroke in 1028, by Charles
the First. Some Dutch navigators visited Tobago on
their return voyage from the Brazils, and, struck with
its advantageous situation for trade with the continent,
as also with the beauty of its climate and the richness
of its soil, a company of Flushing traders formed an
establishment on the almost deserted isle in 1032,
founding the colony with 200 persons, and naming it
New Walcheren in honour of their native home ; but,
in 103 1, before the Hollanders had time to fortify
themselves, the jealousy of the Spaniards of Trinidad
was roused, and, aided by some native Indians, the
Dutch were attacked, and those that escaped the on-
shuisiht were conducted as prisoners to Trinidad, the
rising walls of the fortress of New Walcheren razed,
the cannon and stores carried oil', and the plantations
utterly destroyed. Eor nearly 20 succeeding years,
the island remained untenanted, but occasionally fre-
(|uented by seamen from Miirtiuiciue ami Ciuadaloupe
to fish for turtle, or by the Indians of St. Vincent and
the other Antilles, who touched there on their fre-
quent expeditions against the Arrawaaks of the Ori-
noco. Some say that the Courlanders arrived on the
N. coast of Tobago, in 104«.
In lO.Vl, some merchants at Flushing, named the
Lampsins, obtained a charter from the government of
the I'nited Provinces, authorising the occupation of
Tobago, for their sole use, with the privilege of ap-
pointing a Governor and Magistrates, but giving a
veto to the Dutch government at home, on the nomi-
nation of the former. The spirit of commerce was
then at its height in Holland, and Tobago, and New
Walcheren, soon became not merely an agricultural
colony, but one of the most thriving commercial em-
poriums in the West Indies. Shortly after the Dutch
occupation, a vessel arrived at Tobago with colonists
from Conrland, James the First of England having
previously granted Tobago to his godson the Duke of
Courland. Nearly 100 families were thus landed on
one of the most beautiful parts of the island termed
Courland Bay; in a few days the Cv.itending colonists
came to blows, but the belligerents at length agreed to
leave each other quiet until tlieir respective govern-
ments at home should decide to whom the island be-
longed. The Courlanders were neglected, partly
owing to the Duke being imprisoned and deprived
of his territories by the King of Sweden, while the
Lampsins strongly re-inforced their friends; the re-
IT''
iM
8 1
iC TOBA(;0.— GKOI.OUY, M
suit was tlint, in IC.'i'j, the latter forced the Cmir-
landers to ri'lin(|iiish Kort James, which they had
built in Courlixnd lliiy. The elVorts of the Duke of
Courinnd to recover Toha^o, on the restitution of his
states, were ineffectual, notwithstiindinj? the manifesto
of Charles II. in his favour, 17tli Novemher, KWIJ,
when declHriri); war ii(,'ninst llolhmd; — the l.anipsins
therefore remained in pcncenhle possession for some
years. No mention was made of 'I'obaRo at the treaty
of Breila; and durinp tlie interval of the first and
(•econd war between l'',nf<land and Holland, the (io-
virnor, Hubert de Deveren, and the colonists, aniount-
ii\S to I'JOO, placed Forts James and I.ampsinherp in
u good state of defence, while the commerce and cul-
tivation of the island rajiidlv increased.
Nevertheless Tobago was shortly afterwards plim-
dcrod, and sacked by Sir Tobias Bridges, at the head
of the Barbadian privateers, and Hubse(|uently the
Dutch having declared war against the French, the
Duke D'listri'cs attacked and defeated Admiral Binkes,
in Scarborough Hay, and pillaged the islnnd. Four
months after D'listrtes again appeared ott' Fort Lamp-
sins, landed his infantry, and attacked Binkes in the
fortress, who, after a gallant defence was, together
with a great part of his little garrison, blown up by
the explosion of a powdcr-u'agazine, and on the iMtli
Dec. 11)77, the Hollanders were compelled to abandon
a colony which they had commenced under such fa-
vourable auspices, in l('i.')4. In l(i7H, the Duke of
Courland renewed his pretensions, and for many years
strenuous, but unavailing etlbrts were made to induce
colonists to settle in the island. Iti 1737, the house
of Kettler, sovereigns of Courinnd, being extinct by
the death of Ferdinand, son of James, England claimed
the reversion of Tobago. In I7Ih, by the treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, it was stipulated that St Lucia should
belong to France, and that Tobago, Grenda, St. Vin-
cent, and Dominica should be considered as neutral
islands, that the subjects of all European powers
should have the right to establish themselves, and
carry on commerce in and with those islands, but
that none of the contracting parties should place gar-
risons in them. Whether Tobago was then inhabited
or not, it is hard to say. The chroniclers of the island
assert, that, in 17.')7 the ship Slirlin'; Castle, touched
at Tobago ; and on Mr. Thompson, a midshipman,
landing, he found an old French hermit on the island,
who had been living alone on it for 21 years.
At the peace of 17fi;!, Louis the XV. ceded Tobago
in perpetuity to England, and on the 20th of May,
MGti, a commission was appointed for granting lands
on the island. The prosperity of the island dates
from this ])eriod, large capitals were invested by enter-
prising British colonists, and agriculture and com-
merce rapidly progressed ; but the miseries of war
had not yet terminated ; during our contest with
North America, in 1781, Tobago was captured by the
Marquis de Bouill6. and ceded to France by the treaty
of Versailles, in 17^3. While Tobago remained in
the possession of France, a few French settlers esta-
blished themselves in the island, and on the breaking
out of hostilities between England and France, General
Cuyler, in March, 1793, at the head of 2,000 men.
took possession of the island for great Britain, in
whose possession it has ever since remained.
III. Tobago has been termed the " Melancholy
Isle," because when viewed from the N. it seems to
be only a mass of lofty, gloomy, mountains, with
black precipices, descending abruptly to the sea; on
nearer approach the island exhibits a very irregular
aspect ; it is principally composed of conical hills of
INERALOGY, AND SOIL.
basaltic formation, and of ridges which descend from
the interior, (where they rise in a diiitinct mnnnrr
from a common base or dorsal ridge l,HOO feet hi^h,
and running 20 miles out of the 32 that the isliuui
is long,) toward the sea, terminating sometimes in
abrupt precipices ; the ravines are deep an<l narrow,
and end generally in small alluvial plains. The N. W.
part is the least mountainous, terminating in the N.
in abrupt precipices, with the dark island of Little
Tobago, and the dangerous rocks called St. Giles's.
The S. terminates in broken plains and low lands, the
whole asi)eet, like Trinidad, being calm and magni-
ficent, with occasional beautifid mounds of isolated
hills, so close that few levels for marsh or nwanips
present themselves, the delightful vales everywhere
exhibiting the effects of a rotatory and undulating
motion of vast currents of water, and forming with
the contiguous mountains tndy picturescjue scenery,
The island is well watered by rivulets and streaiiH
arising in the interior, and pa.ssing over th3 low lands
to the coast, where they are occasionally obstructed,
which however a little attention would prevent.
Scarborough, the princi|)al town, is situate on the
S. W. side of Tobago along the sea shore, (at the basi?
of Fort (ief)rge Hill), and extends, .vith little uni-
formity, easterly towards the Fort, the distance from
the latter place being upwards of half a mile. On
the S. and S. W. the descent to the sea is gradual,
and at the base of the hill approaching the town are
several scattered country houses. Fort George Hill,
(the road to which is steep and towards the W.) rises
to the height of 422 feet, of a conical shape, and
crowned by " Fort Kinj, George," the chief militoiv
station in the island, On the windward side are nu-
merous excellent bays, and on the northward is situate
" Man-of-War Bay," capacious, safe, and adapted to
the largest >hi|)s. At Courland Bay (on the N. side,
six miles from Fort King George), which approaches
the leeward extremity, the hills, covered with rich
forests, are bolder and more abrupt than on the S.
side, and consccpiently, the cultivation more scattered ;
the" Hichmond," a large river, jjasses through the (lis
trict. Extending from Courland to Sandy Point, on tliu
S. side, are several estates on the low lands in good cul-
tivation, owing to the lumiber of rivulets watering the
shore. Sandy Point district (or as it may he termed Gar-
den), forms the western extremity of the island, and is
the only level land of any extent in Tobago. The east-
ern district is chielly composed of high mountains,
clothed with noble trees, and but thinly cultivated.
Man of War, Courland, Sandy Point and King
Bays, are adapted to the largest sized siiips ; Tyrrells,
Bloody, Mangrove, Englishman's, and Castara's Bays,
have good anchorage for vessels up to 1.10 tons bur
then ; Halifax Bay admits vessels of 2')0 tons — but
a shoal at the entrance requires a pilot.
IV. On a complete view of the island, as compared
with the adjacent continent, the observer is impressed
with the belief that it formed, at some distant day, a
bold promontory of main land, from which it has
been violently dissevered. There is, in fact a general
physiognomical resemblance between Tobago and Tri-
nidad, except that there are not seen those large blocks
of hyaline quartz in the former that are found almost
everywhere in the latter, on the summits of mountains
as well as on the plains ; the rounded pebbles found
in the beds of rivers arc generally of quartz or free-
stone, some of hyaline quartz, others of amphiobolic
schistus, &c. Neither sulphur nor corbonate of iimf
have been seen. The hill above Scarborough appears
to be a bed of basalt and schistose rock, with a loose
ilJ:
TOD \00.— CLIMATE AND DISEASES.— POI'UI,.\TION.
» which descend froir
in a difitinct mp.nncr
ridge l.HOO feet hi^h,
the 3;: that the iiliind
linating aoinctimes In
arc deep an<l narrow,
inlplainH. TheN.W.
tt'rininntini; in tlie N.
dark island of Little
•ks called St. Giles's.
tins am* low lands, the
leinf; calm and maf^iiu
il mounds of isolated
lor marsh or swoinps
tful vales everywhere
tatory and undulating
,tcr, and forming with
y j)ictures(|ue scenery.
i rivulets and streams
ling over th2 low lands
ccasionally obstructed,
1 would prevent.
town, is situate on the
sea shore, (at the base
;ends, .vith little uni-
'ort, the distance from
Is of half a mile. On
to the sea is gradual,
roaching the town arc
ses. Fort George Hill,
I towards the W.) rises
■ a conical shape, and
ge," the chief military
windward side are mi-
he northward issituatr
s, safe, and adapted to
d Bay (on the N. .side,
■ge), which approaches
s, covered with rich
ibrupt than on the S,
vation more scattered ;
lasses through the (lis-
to Sandy Point, on the
low lands in good cul-
f rivulets watering the
it may be termed Gar-
ty of the island, and Is
in Tobago. The east-
I of high mountains,
t thinly cultivated.
ndy Point and Kiiii;
sized siiips ; Tyrrells,
,, and Castara's Bays,
up to l.'iO cons bur
Is of 2.')0 tons— but
la pilot.
Ic island, as compared
observer is impressed
[t some distant day, a
from which it has
is, in fact a general
keen Tobago and Tri-
len those large blocks
Ihat are found almost
lummits of mountains
mded pebbles found
y of quartz or frce-
hers of amphiobollc
ir corbonatc of lime
Icarborough appears
,c rock, with a loose
and heavy auper-stratuni. The soil is a rich dark
knould, and resembles (particularly in the E. part)
that of it^ neighbouring isle, with ttie advantage of
the vegetative earth being deeper on the hills of
|ri)lia;50.
V. Though moist, by being impregnated with saline
Ijinrtieles, Tobago is not unheiilthy, particularly if
|iiro|)er attention were paid to preventing the e.nits of
Jhe mountain streams. The rainy season begins in
June, and gradually becomes heavy imtil September,
the violence of the rains then abate, showers con-
Itinuinj;, iit intervals, to the cud of December or begin-
Inlnu' of January, when the season termed "crojititne"
ll)ei;ins. The island is out of the usual range of hiir-
Irlcanes — the winds are S.K. and S. during the greater
Ipart of the year; in December and January they pre-
\\m\ from the N. — often very strong and cold. So
eeldcdly salubrious are the high lands of the interior,
tliiit Dr. Lloyd the principal medical otVicer, reported
Itu Sir James M'Gregor, in 1HJ7, " that on some of the
lestates in the interior, no Kuro|iean resident had been
llmried for upwards of ten yenra."
The currents round the island are very uncertain,
[>|ieeially in the Trinidad channel. At new and full
37
trade blows all the year about the island. The island
being seen towards evening, the mariner cautious of
approaching, should stand under ea'ty sail to the
southward, as the current sets to tlu' N. W. ; coming
from the E. st'.'er for the S. coost, and keep well to
the southward to item the N.VV, current, which al-
ways sets round the lesser Tobago. On entering any
of the bays to leeward, ships nniy approach quite
close to St. (files's rock There is nothing to fear
at the S.W. Bay of Courland but rocks above water,
except the (;hcster(li*ld rock. Tobago is free from
hurricanes, though Orei\H(la, the most southward of
the Antilles, and only .'fO leagues from tlie continent,
Is as much under the intluencc of squalls as the other
Antilles.
VI. In I7'J7, Tobago had it is said a population of
l,',3((0 whites, and lo,(i(K) negroes; in 1770, 2,:V)1
whites, l,().'>0 free negroes, and l(),7.'''li slaves ; in 17H7,
whites, l,:t!»7, free-coloured, lO.M), slaves, lO.II'i), and
the import of slaves, in a medium of four years, 1,400 ;
in I HO,"), whites yoi), coloured people 700, slaves,
I-Lh-^S ; in |x;U(, the whites were estimated at 4.')0, the
free coloured, males 477, females fiHfi, slaves \2,hM,
The following Table shows the numbers, increase and
iiit'on me rise oi me
ime IS I
our leei.
ine iV. r
. uecri
asc, OI
nc siavi
' popuia
lion iro
m 1HI9 10
18JJ.
The Slave Population, according to a
Parliamentary
Return, was in
numbers.
from 18iy to ly32, as follows
: —
No. of Slaves Registered.
Increase by
Birth.
Decrease by
Death.
Decrease by
Manuniission,
i
i
S
1
i
I
Males.
Femal
1
s
Femal
1
•a
a
1
1
1819 ..
7r..-?3
7837
1.5470
1820 ..
7384
7C.79
15003
141
163
416
384
\
5
1821 ..
7107
7474
14521
178
1.55
370
306
1
2
1822 ..
C<J.')2
7303
14315
1,59
158
367
303
10
12
1823 ..
tH12
7203
14074
151
167
232
211
5
IG
1824 ..
';:.:)8
7098
13050
106
157
371
290
9
14
I82.'> ..
C.^32
7151
13083
154
157
213
191
4
2
I82fi ..
f.3Ul
7034
13128
108
100
362
328
7
10
1827 ..
(•)138
0801
12999
170
163
213
185
3
7
1828 .,
i;o8s
0807
12895
178
191
289
249
4
7
1829 ..
r>966
0757
12723
178
196
283
248
2
6
IM30 ..
5872
0014
12556
165
1.55
288
220
4
12
1831 ..
5769
0001
12370
170
171
274
241
4
11
1832 ..
5r,03
G488
12091
145
161
298
233
13
21
The large proportion of deaths to births throughout the whole or the period is very remarkable.
In 1833, — whites, males, 248; females, 50. Free blacks, males, 500; females, 700. Slaves, males, 5371 ;
cmales, 6257. Total, males, 0125; females, 7073. Baptisms, 808; marriages, 8 ; burials, 27. In 1834,
he return was, whites, males, 250 ; females, 30. Free black, males and females, 3000. Apprenticed
Ibourers, males, 5373 ; females, 6348.
BWlhs, Marriages, and Deaths. — [B. B. 1836].
Established Churches — Blacks, Births 612 ; Marriages,
ip ; Deaths, 27. Coloured, Births 39 ; Marriages 4 ;
llcaths 13. Whites, Births 13 ; Marriages 3 ; Deaths
|7. Moravian — Births 29 ; Marriages 9 ; Deaths 25.
^esleyans — Births 22 ; Marriages 0; Death 10. Total,
lirth 715; Marriages 65; Deaths 132.
A statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Praedial attached, Praedial-unattached,
and Non-Pnedial. [Parliamentary Return to the
House of Lords, March, 1838.]
il-'l
\ 'I
1
ii li . ■
!)•
>m<
:
3S
TOUAOO.— UIil.IUI0N-EI)i;CAT10N— CKIMI'. AM) GAOLS.
iMcnil Hroplc. .
rrruitr>nuMi ....
Inrcrlor ditto ..
rii-lil l.nlMiiirciii
Inferior dlttu .,
Illenil t'enplc. . .
i Irnclriiiii'ii I
jliircrlor ditto .. .
;Kteld l,i\boiirrr«
Inrvrlor ditto . . |
llendTriulcBiiicii,
liilVrlor ditto . . :
lli-Rd l>. t'inploy.
rd nil wliarlH,
■lilppliiiCi or
other Bvocii- 1
lldim
Inferior People '
] ditto I
llend DiimeHties
Inferliir ditto ..I
Ctilldrcii under
hlX JlMfH of
nice on tlie Ist
^iiKUitt, 1h:ii. :
Aged, dl^eitsed,
or ctlitrwUe
iion.cffectlve
mm
:i.Mi
■JIH
:t,":u
:i.iti;
ri
A
•«
(IM
III
(10
S.t
Hilt
310
itri)
1033
t'Hnrifl
lAIHA
7173
Wiinni
wn
W2
144
IW»7
1330
iiiai
7aj
aiu0
IA7H
VNAll
0m;«
7130
Ntl.
No. of Klitvei,
NIHH.
Amount,
No. i>f Nlavcn,
I.1H.
Amount,
No. of Slave*,
Nl'i.
Amount,
^j|.0Ou.
Nunilier of CUimi liHvlni; reference to rnrh Klvlnion.
I'riiidiul Attached, DUi Pricdlal Unattnched, 11) Ndii-pracdlul,
Vll. Chnnht'.i, Liriii!:>i, ^c "/ Tnlim^n in IH:!!'..— 2
Churclics, 1 nt Si-nrliorough, intlu' parish of St. John,
having a cotigrogatloii Kt'iu'rally of HitO pcrsiins. —
I at St. Paul ; v.ilui'd i' tOO per niiiium ; having ac-
tiiiiiniudutioti for ahout .100 pcrsdiis. — TIuti' are also
2(hapt'ls; 1 at I'lyinoiith, whiih will contain ahout
•loo pi'rsons ; of whom .'iOO geir.Taily att(Miil : 1 nt
IJoidshro ; which will contain about 300 persons,
200 gcneially attend. There are likewise ."> dissenting
plaees of worshi|). Note. — 'I'lie congregation varies
iiiiich at Scarborough, and still more in the emnitry,
nicording to the state of the road and the wiatlier,
and the number of children to be hapti/ed ; at Scar-
bcjrough, in absence of the rector, divine service is
performed only twice iti the month ; at I'lynimith
ftnce, at (loidsborough once; in fine weather the
chapel at I'lvmouth is insuflicieiit for the congrega-
tion, [a. B.]"
JO OHII.>dX}{
.s
"5
(fJJ)«||V JO
'«lllil|0<l(|,l<.{
JO Xju|hs
uojpiutstii
JO jpoi\[
o
o
'A
•M
e
s s
5|
'5 1
.n tft.
^
=5
O
•Xj
e
IM
n m 'fi ^ ft tr> ji o n^c
3 !S 3 «:
3^^
■a
I i
a.
■a
a
<
Q
CA CA
<2
■o
c
CA
O
•A
•a
t/3
t
2u;
M
<• —
!|
M
1 ^
—
.S^
*^ •/)
"i~
3
g .a
•=5
< '■■>
<e
?,7
•!•
0?
S''
©
E^
«
>i «
ua c
i!-a
t R
^■=
s§
'i> >,
.....
1^
X :i
t/^ .-
.— s.
H.--1
There arc besides the nl)nvc, four private schools, one
connected with the Moravians in Sandypoint , oih' I
with the Wisloyans in Scarboro' ; another with tlu
Wcslcyans at Mr. St. George's, and n school at Mr.
I'l'lier's estate, open to all, supported at the expcii«
of the estate.
At I'lymouth and (ioldsbro', and Sandy I'ui
the scholars are generally apprenticed labourers (i:i|
Sundays, and the children of apprenticed luhoiireis iiiil
week days, about l.'> apprcnticeil, belonging to Goldui
Grove I'.state attend the .school there in the eveiiiii2;|
evening school is not yet kept at I'lymouth and (inli!--
bro', for want of lamps; the number at riyiiiDiilhl
varies from 20 to 120 on Sundays. The estates ii I
the neighbourhood have contributed i'40 to tlu' cii |
largemeiit of Plymouth school. [B. B. for Iri:!!).]
IX. Number of Prisoners in the Goals of Tobago throughout each year. [B, B.]
i
Total number
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No.
Male
of Felons.
No
Pr
Male
. of tried
isoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners. x
>>
Male Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm. 'Totl.
Fm.
Totl.
Fm.lTotl.'Male|Fm.'Totl. *=
1828
107, 13 120
3
3
92
11
103
12, 2
14
4
2
6
6
6
1829
126, 24 L-JO
10
H
98 17
11.",
17
3
20
16
3
19
ll 1
2: (1
1830
88 28 116
1
77( 25
102
11
2
13
4
2
6
7| 1
81
1831
106i 20 126
2
3
88 15
103
10
2
12
6
2
8
100| 18
1181 1
1832
103 31 134
4
*'
10
92, 27
119
11
4
l.'.
14
5
19
89, 26
1151 1
18.33 109 41' 1.50
20
10
30
80i 27
107
9
4
13
.")
1
6
104! 40
144:
18.34; 132 r>r,[ iss
20
21
99; !)2
l.'il
13
3
16
12
3
15
i;
1! 1
I83.i' 143 84 227
12
12
113 81 194
19
3
22
18 2
20 li 1
2 'i
1836
169 123 292
' 1
12
12
142
■
120
262
l.-i
3
18
13
3
16
3
3
1
.s.
Irt ©
M
T i tfc
-II
aj2
•as
g
g J
tn o t\
W M '^
3-0
o'~ ©"""«>
<c f.-g
— IM
— —
-- ^ =
IM -3 — '"'
© E-t-
c
^' «
.2 s:
.£3 S
TBS
Point
ro
II
s^ ^
5" a
V) ^
1 3
.2 >.
*~~ .,— . — -
— g^
X 3
<J T
^
tf' ?
•S E?
^ 3
■^ 71
£ 2
H.>
U *i
W («
a
lour private schools, oiif
i\i»s ill San(ly|ioint , ono [
lioro' ; tiiiotluT with till
i''s, and a school at Mr,
iiipportccl nt the I'xiit'iitv
l)ro', anil Sandy I'uiii;. |
pprcnticed hihouri'is ni
apprenticed hil)oiims i ,
L'cci, behjiiging to (inldvi
)ol there in the evciiins
tat I'lymmith and (lolil-
le mnnher nt l'lyiiiciiiili|
iundnys. The estatoMn
itrihuted i'4() to the en-
1. [U. B. for IrtaO.J
[D.B.]
No. of untried
Prisoners. ; i
;1. Male
Fm.
Totl. =
fi 6
C 1)
9 1
1
'2' (1
(1 7| 1
«
8 100; 18
118 1
9 89 2*;
115 1
6 104! 40
144, U
5 i;
1 1
1| 1
't 'I
61 3
3
TOUAOO,— FIN.ANCF.S— COMMF.RCK AND srHITINCJ.
N K^venue of TohBRr), IH-.'H
.TJ
X. Tohapo l« ruled hy n l.ii'Ut..(!overnor, nnd hy a
Coiinrll III 9, and lloune of /\tsi-ml)ly of Iti niemliorn,
uho4c powers and authority are airnilar to those of
jHMiaica, {kc.
Mililiiinf Tiiliitsitin \hM. — Slnff — I Cnhmel ; I It.
Colonel; 2 Major*; I Adjutant; I (iimrtcr Munt i,
:i Surgeons. Troop of Cavalry. — I CnptJiiii ; I l.jiput.
1 Uimrter Master ; 2 Sergeants ; I I Uaiik am' File.
Artillery. — I Cnptain ; J l.ienteimntu ; I Snr^-'e.on; 2
Serjeants; .U Hank ami File. St. Andrews Com-
pany.— I t'aptain ; I Lieutenant; I Kiislgv. ; 2 Scr-
jennty. ; 2 Drummers and FiferH ; 27 Kank and File.
St. UeorRe's (^onipany. — I Captain; I Lieutenant;
I Serjeant ; 20 Itank nnd tile. Ist Searhorou^h Com-
pany. — I Captain; 1 Lieutenant; I I'.nslKii ; 2 Ser-
Ijeant8;2 Drummers and Filers; U Rank and File. 2d.
ilittoditto — I Captain ; I Lieutenwit ; I Fusion ; 2 Ser-
jentits; 2 Drummers and Filers, (O {tank and File.
,trd. ditto ditto. — 1 Captain; I Lieutenant; I Fnsi);n ;
I Serjeant ; 2 Drummers and I' I'ers , M.'i Rank and File.
St. David's Company. — I <. uptaMi ; 1 Lieutenant;
I Serjeant; 2') Hank and I'lle. St. Patrick ditto —
1 Captain ; 1 Lieutenant; I Serjeant; 2*'i Hank and
File. St. Mary's ditto. — 1 Captain ; I Lieutenant ;
I Serjeant; 1 Drummer nnd Filer; lit Rank and
File. St. Paul's ditto. — I Captain; I Lieutenant;
I Serjeant; 17 Rank nnd File. St. John's ditto. —
I Captain; 1 Lieutenant; I Serjeant; I Drummer
and Filer; "l,'! Rank and File. Total, 1 Colonel
I Lieuteiiunt-Colonel ; 12 (.'aptaih'* ; 13 Lienten-
nnt.'i ; 4 Knsij;iis ; 1 Adjutant; 2 (Quarter-Masters
■I Surgeons; 17 Serjeants; M) Driiininers and Filers;
;ill Rank and File. Note. — There are now no military
posts or works in the control or ehnr;;e of the militia
(if the island, and conscpiently no expense incurred.
The liatteries, houses, guns and carria'.;es have |;one
to decay, from the innhility of the colony to ilefrny
the ex|KMise of keeping them in repair.
710/; l«29, «»'H.-,/j
I niuVii- I HIM, 7:if'.<W; ih:i2, <i!)i 1/ ; iH:t:», wA-m^
l^.u, 4242/; Ih;».'), l.-.dC,/; IH.'td, Poll Tax 7771/;
I House Tax ."iJH/ ; ToniinKe Duties 1 1 1'.i/ . Merchatil'a
Tax <-'»/; Tl|iplili« Act 10(1/; Police Rill 21/ ; .Mllitiii
Fines 1.2/; Court of KIiik's IKiich 'M ; I'oiter's Act I/;
Transient Trader's Tax 41/; Miaecllaneous 1734/;
Total II7(IN/.
Fxptiiililnreof TohaRo, 1M2X, .'.f.41/; Ih29, 9997/;
I lH31t,HH9/; 1H31, H024/: lH.t2, 77C.4/; \x:V.\, V.'MM ;
I IM34, l.'.Nd/; |n3."., .'>2M1/; Im.'IC, Salaries of I'uhlic
! Omcers l3.-iO/; Civil Services 3234/ ; Judicial F.stuli-
lishment 321/; Total 490V. [U. H.j
' Rfciifdliildliiin i<f till' F.slnliHshmritl, lM3(i. — Civil
I Fstahlishment, salaries, sterling mmiey, .II.'jO/., paid
; by Great llritain. Judicial Kstuhlishment .'I2l/., paid
I hy the Colony. I'.cclesiastical Kstahliilimeut ttMl.,
ditto. Miscellaneous F.xpenditiire 7.)7n/., <litto. Pen-
sions 21/., ditto. Total 92H|/., paid hy the Colony,
and ."tlAO/. paid hy Cireat Hritnin.
Xll. Principal Articles of Export.
Years.
Sugar.
Molasses.
Rum.
1 822
1823
1M24
1H2.'>
lM2fi
1H27
1H28
|M29
1830
1 H3 1
Hogsheads. Puncheons. Puncheons.
7.')(i9
M7i;o
mC„s1
8110
h7('.0
r)4i9
8(i85
7.-.70
r.c.H7
8453
41.
8.'i0
401
757
:i()0
138
812
1M3
48
133
.Mil
4(;(;7
505a
5484
.■5477
4135
6450
4154
4220
6171
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF TOHAOO. [11. 11. and Parliamentary Return.]
Years.
Great Britain.
West
Indies,
1
North America.
Val. f No. Tons.
Unit
Val. £
cil states.
No. Tons.
Kiirei
gn States.
No Tons.
Total.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
Val. £
Val.£
Val. £
No.
Tons !
Men.
IH'J'i
■j.'iaiio
•i\
,13(10
13000
:tl.'OII 4H
3.11) 1
8,10
1
107
,1000
10
.1.19
7,13,10
80
H,l8o
8.18
ls-j;l
'«(l()Hli
'Ji»
7(iH7
10(141
.1337 37
2.'>l!l
,174.'.
11
1281)
11007
/
I7;>
73119
84
11(180
778
isai
4I1()I'.>
•ii
(I1127
i|-.!»3
7y3li 37
28il3
12771
19
24(17
1U38
4
;i3i
72K7H
82
1138s,
8.11
law
*lfH
30
HI4I
«02!)
«7i'li 27
2370
12171
12
1067
23M
H
47^^
71S01
77
I2ll8>
8.12
lHa6
4-2136
•iA
(i.'ii.'S
lao.'iii
1 1 noli M\
4IKIi
ui:\
lu
11(18
2174
8
52()
812113
99
12403
891
IH27
fi(i.'i(i;t
27
(Util
:i'.>oi4
4'JIJfi 71)
58,17
, ,
8108
18
8:i3
1 ;i2307
1112
129.11
1037
IH'iH
.1'JH7l
•-'il
(iHIH
I(i3»l
20t)7H, HI
.l-KiS
, ,
,,
»ll()l
20
4379
991)32
130
13782
103,1
IS'J!)
(iii7U
3/"
!)0II2
l(i,-.74
l.'iHKi :;4
(i.-,H!)
, ,
• •
132,18
20
I5HS
10s 192
1,11
17179
1307
IWd
4ll!lli.l
•.'3
.58«J
I-.M.V.'
iijiiiii 1)7
li-i-JH
..
, ,
I182H
2fi
182.1
77114
118
131I4'.
1072
1HM1
.'i4.'>:)0
•M
7127
4I>I0H
l(ill.-|3 IIIH
(ill 17
47.10
20
1478
117212
1,18
1.12,12
1213
\h:vi
5(r2i7
32
HI7H
3IO.tl
HKl:i 111
■171
..
,,
U82H
1;
1832
10.1712
180
l8l)H|
1248
is:)3
3H'iS0
2(1
.■iH20
2277<l
7530 III
RI43
.,
6867
14
14.10
7,1427
131
12413
927
iHai
4o;i,'io
27
(i(5y<J
17(il3,
i384, 70
;i(iM
»J»1
4
841
7.10
8
6,10
67 189
IIH
118;I4,
872
IH;t.-i
4n.',t57
27
(i-J(i»
l.'.!)73
I07!)(i (18
:t77fi
, ,
.1810
11
180I
72918
108
11841!
824
l8;tfi
40IU0
24
by.vi
153«!l|
77261 C7
4711*
8UH8
'7
1875
70213
108
llSSSi
039
From Ehewhere, 182", II96/,
EXPORTS OK TOBAGO.
1R22
1823
1S24
1825
IH28
1827
1828
1H29
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1838
131500 27
II7I6O! 30
1725:19' 23
192342 22
113081 27
114183 IH
198375 32
138574 25
100881 26
144384 28
ir-'yso, 27
8I8I0] 25
104693' 24
IO2787I 22
195885 31
6265
3150
3200
51
4391
8913
3870
8fi30
22
I878
8.123
5195
3137
27
2851
8410
2073
14750
15
1383
j 8458
2225
4976
58
3714
1 4849
8117
23(10
11
8288
775H
4040
7265
85
5991
8528
6878
4991
105
8711
6917
6318
3043
121
8590
7385
12587
3099
119
7377
8914
78;)3
1980
109
7402
8233
5587
1874
107
5735
5884
7838
1933
85
4411
5114
302
1 1.19
/•I
45S9
. 7263
i
1785
241
78
4045
(1717
101 55
3401
4398
10
13
II
8
II
•■
..
• ■
3
1075
1588
1090
548
499
i67
1100
13
6g8
1:142
8
431
1784
19
2073
1574
3
18. 1
, ,
3
88
2537
21
1521
820
15
1171
1909
15
1037 1
787
11
717
220
8
582
753
7
33,1
1033
8
749
,.
7
400
,,
10
1314
403
12
1455
I38P50
91
li:i52
l()rt.79
73
10321
193210
82
12933
214140
51
9084
184()33
91
10788
125137
127
1313,1
2103U1
1:12
1 1923
152:152
145
18278
110790
158
16221
180291
155
IS3I4
123498
143
14(>I9
90oh:i
140
12717
114262
119
11192
104228
105
10997
198291
121
12763
763
631
786
49a
851
1016
1127
1260
1414
1204
1096
1005
838
831
1059
To Elsewhere, 1823, .380/.
40
GRENADA.- LOCALITY, AREA, AND ACQLMSITION.
XIIL Produce of Tobago [B. D.]
Years.
HHds.
Punchs.
Punchs.
Sugar.
Molasses.
Rum.
1828
84 yn
775
5418
1829
7480
181
4154
1830
fiSOO
48
4220
1831
8234
173
5197
1832
7724
13.'J4
3011
1833
f)378
133.1
2955
1834
.')393
1171
2960
1835
50r)9
43.1
3294
1830
7397
1816
3906
1837
This return of produce is derived from the Ex-
ports as the Colonists refused to nial^e any return to
the Colonial Office. There are 72 sugar estates worived
by steam, waUr, and wind mills.
Prim of Produce and Merchandize dnrins: 1836,
in Tobago, — Horned Cattle 13/. each ; Horses, 30/. ;
Sheep, 1/. 44 ; Goats, 1/.; Swine, 1/. 5*.; Milk,
8(i. per {|uart ; Fresh Butter, 4s. per pound ; Salt
Butter, 2s. dd. ; Cheese, 1». do. ; Wheat Bread, Ad. do. ;
Beef, 9'/. do. ; Mutton, \s. do. ; Pork, M. do. ; Rice,
W. 12s. per cwt. ; Coffee, \s. per pound ; Tea, Is. do.;
Sugar, 1/. 5i. per cwt; Salt, 6«. per bushel ; Wine, 50/.
per pipe ; Brandy, 8,?. per gallon ; Beer, 6/. per hdd. ;
Tobacco, 21. 84. per cwt.
If'afres for Labour. — Domestics, 1/. 12». per month ;
Praedinl, 1*. 4d. jier day ; Trades, 4s. per day. [B. B.]
There is no paper currency, and but little coin in the
island.
Almost every kind of plant that grows on the
Antilles, or on Trmidad, flourishes at Tobago. The
orange, lemon, and guava, pomegranate, fig, anil
grape are in perfection ; the two latter yield fruit
twice a year, (if pruned three weeks after the fruit
has been gathered) and all the culinary plants of Eu-
rope arrive at perfection. The cinnamon and pimento
(fome say also the nutmeg) trees grow wild in differ-
ent parts of the island — and the cotton of Tobago is
of excellent tjuality.
CHAPTER IV.- GRENADA.
I,i^
' ll!'
Section L Grenada, the most southerly o( the An-
tilles, is situated between the paral;els of 12.20 and
11.58 N. Latitude, and 61.20 and 61.35 vV. Long.,
nearly equi-diatant from Tobago (60 miles) and the
nearest point of the continent of South America ; its
greatest lenilh, N. and S. about 25 miles, (and at
either extremity narrowing to a point) — in its greatest
breadth 12, in circumference 50 miles, and containing
about 80,000 acres.
II. Christopher Columbus, during his third voyage
in 1498, discovered Grenada, and found it fully occu-
pied by a warlike r?:-c., (the Charibs) among whom
the Spaniards never attempted to form a settlement,
and who remained for a century after in peaceable
possesssion of their native home. In 1650 the French
Governor of Martinique, Du Pa* ;uet, collected 200
hardy adventurers, for the purpose of !!eizing on the
island, which from the manly character of the na-
tives, was considered an enterprizc of difficulty and
danger.
The natives received and entertained the French
with the utmost kindness and cordiality, who pre-
tended to opon a treaty with the chiefs of the Charibs
for the purchase of the country; " noni- kniri's and
hatchets, and a large qtianlity of s-liiss beads, l)e.siiles
two bottles of brandy for the chief himself were giren
to the Charibs; and it was then asserted that the
island was fairly ceded to the French nation, by the
natives themselves, in lawful purcha.^e I
Du Parquet thus established a colony in Grenada,
built a fort for its protection, and left the govirimicnt
of the island to a kinsman, nained Le Compte. Within
eight months after this period we find a war of exter-
mination carried on by the French against the Charibs.
Du Parquet, sent a reinforcement of ''00 men from
Martinique, wiil; ;.rdrrs to extirpate the natives alto-
gether ; but Le Compt;- seems not to have wanted any
incitement to acts of barbarity ; for Du Tertre admits
that he had already proceeded to murder, without
mercy, every Charib that fell into his hands — not
tiparing even the women and children.
The manner in which the unfortunate aborigines
were destroj'ed may be judged of by a circumstance
which Father Du Tertre relates of one expedition.
' Forty of the Charaibes W'. re massacred on the spot.
About forty others, who nad escaped the sword, run
towards a precipice, from whence they cast themselves
headlong into the sea, and miserably perished. A
beautilul girl, of twelve or thirteen years of age, who
was taken alive, became the object of dispute between
two of our officers, each of them claiming her as his
prize ; a third coming up put an end to the contest,
by shooting the girl through the head. The place
from which these barbarians threw themselves into
the sea, has been called ever since le Morne de Suu-
teurs, (Lcapers' Hill.) Our peo])le, having lost but one
man in the expedition, proceeded in the ne- 1 place
to set fire to the cottages, and root up the provisions
of the savages — and having destroyed or taken away
every thing belonging to them, returned in high spirit.i.'
No wonder that the whole native population was soon
extiipated. Du Parquet sold the island to Count
Cerillac for 30,000 crowns.
It may well be imagined that cultivation made but
little progress. So late as 1700 the island containvil
no more than 251 whites and 525 blacks, who Wiie
employed on three i)lantations of sugar and fifty-two
of indigo.
After the peace of Utrecht, the government of
France began to turn its attention towards her Wist
India possessions. Grenada, however, for many years,
partook less of its care than the rest. By a smuggling
intercourse with the Dutch, the Grenadians changed
their circumstances for the better — increased their
numbers — and a great part of the country was -ettled.
In 1762 Grenada and the Grenadines are said to have
yielded annu'>!ly, in "layed and muscovado sugar, a
quantity etiuul to about 1 1,00(1 hogsheads of musro-
vado of fitte.;n cwt. each, and about 27,000 pounds
of indigo.
Grenada surrendered on capitulation in February,
1762, and, with its dependencies, was finally ceded to
Great Britain, by the definitive treaty of Paris, on the
10th of February, 1763 — St. Lucia being restored at
m
GRENADA.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
', W. 5». ; Milk,
per pound ; Salt
;atBread,4i. do. ;
k, 8d. do. ; Rice,
ind ; Tea, 7s. do.;
ushel ; Wine, ."iO/.
leer, 6/. per hdd. ;
I. I2s. per month ;
per day. [B. D.]
little coin in the
it grows on the
at Tobago. The
p;ranate, fig, anil
latter yield fruit
ks alter the fruit
ary plants of Eii-
imon andpimrnt(\
ow wild in diffrr-
ton of Tobago is
by a circumstance
f one expedition,
icrcd on the spot .
?d the sword, rnii
"y cast themselvi's
ibly perished. A
years of age, who
if dispute between
laiming her as his
d to the contest,
head. The place
themselves into
Moine do Suit-
ing lost but one
the ne~ t place
p the provisions
or taken away
d in high spirilx.'
lation was soon
island to Count
vntion made but
island contained
tilatks, who wi re
^ar and fifty-two
government of
owards her West
for many years,
hy a smuggling
nadians chan'^ed
-increased tlicii
mtry was "ettlcd.
are said to have
scovado sugar, a
heads of musco-
27,000 pounds
inn in February,
tinally ceded to
of Paris, on the
•ig restored at
the sanic time to France. The chief stipulations in
favour of the inhabitants, as well by the treaty as by
the articles of capitulation, were these : — First, That
as they would become, by their surrender, subjects of
Great Britain, they should enjoy their properties and
privileges, and pay taxes, in tike manner as the rest vf
His Miijesti/'s sul>ierls of the other British Leeward
IslamU. Secondly, With respect to religion, they
were put on the same footing as the inhabitants of
Canada — viz. liberty was given them to exercise it
according to the rites of the Romish Church, «4' /«/•
<is the laws of Great Britniti permitted. Thirdly,
Such of the inhabitants of Grenada as chose to ((uit
the island, should have liberty to do so, and eighteen
months allowed them to dispose nf their effects.
A Legi.slative assembly was granted by England,
and the Grenadians resisted the imposition of the A^
per cent, duties. The Crown, however, persisting in
its claim, and the inhabitants in opposing it, issue
was jo: led betore the judges of the Court of King's
Bench in England. The rase was elaborately argued
in Westminster-hall four several times; ami in Michael-
mas Term, 1774, Lord Chief Justice Manslield pro-
nounced judgment (ij^ainsl the Crown. The conse-
quence was, that the duty in question was abolished
not only in Grenada but also in Dominica, St. Vin-
cer>t and Tobago.
On the 2nd. of July, 1797, a French armament,
consisting of a licet of twenty-five sliips of the line,
ten frigates and .'iOOO troops, under the coniinand of
the Count D'Estaing, appeared otf the harbour and
town of St George : tlu" whole force of the island
was composed of VO men of the 4f<th regiment, 300
militia of the island, and I'lO seamen from the mer-
chant ships ; and its fortifications consisted chiefly
of an entrenchment, which had been hastily thrown
up round the summit of the Hospital-hill. This en-
trenchment the Count D'Estaing invested the next
day, at the bead of .'<0()0 of his best forces, which he
led up in three columns, and, after a desperate con-
flict and the loss of 300 men carried the lines. Never
did so small a body of men make a nobler <lefeiice
against such inequality of numbers. The governor
(Lord Macartney) and the remains of his little garri-
son immediately retired into the old fort at the mouth
of the harbour, which, however, was wholly untenable,
being commanded by the Hospitalhitl battery, the
gims of which, having been most unfortunately left
nnspiked, were now turned against them. i\t day
hreak the French opened a battery of two twenty-four
pounders against the walls of the old fort. In this
situation, the governor and the inhabitants had no
alternative but an unconditional surrender; and the
Count d'Estaing became master of the isla-ul.
Grenada and the Grenadines were restored to
Great Britain, with all the other captured islands in
the West Indies, (Tobago excepted) by the general
pacification which took place in I7H3. In 17'J"i an
insurrection, fermented it was said by the French
Revolutionists, broke out March I7y'>, which was not
finally terminated until July 17'jr>. During the con-
tinuance of the disturbance the greatest distress pre-
vailed, and the most horrid murders were perpetrated
by the infatuated rebels ; wherever they appeared de-
vastation followed them ; and from the direful ctl'ects
of their cruelty and rapine Grenada has licver re-
covered the rtourishing state which it had previously
enjoyed.
List of Governors, Lieut. -Governors, &c. who have
iield the Government of Grenada, since the cession of
the Colony to Great Britain, in the year 1 763: — Brig.-
41
Gen. Robert Melville, Cajjt.-Gen. Commander-in-
Chief in and over the southern Cb.iribbee Islands of
Grenada, Dominica, St. Vincent, and Tobago, 17rp4;
riysses Fitzmaurice, Sen. Lieut. -Governor of St.
Vincent, 17()rt; Brig. -Gen. R.Melville, again, 1770;
F. Corsar, Esq. President, 1771; U. Fitzmaurice,
Lieut. -Gov. of St. Vincent, again, 1771; Brig. -Gen.
W. Leybourne, Gov. S. C. Islands, 1771; F. Corsar,
Es(|. President again, 177.''>; W.Young, Lieut. -Gov.
Tobago, 177.'); Sir G. (afterwards Lord) Macartney,
K.B.Gov. 177('>; Lieut. -Gen. E. Matthew, Gov. 17w4;
W. Lucas, Esq. Prcs. 178,'); S. Williams, E.s(|. Pres.
17«7; J.Campbell, Escj. I'res. 17hH; S.Williams,
Esq. again I'res. 1789 to 1793; N.IIome, l''s(|. Lieut. -
Gov. 17'J3; K. M'Kenzie, Esq. Pres. !7'J.". ; S. Wil-
liams, Esc]. ngani I'res. 17U'> ; A. IIousto.\, Es(|. Lieu.-
Gov. 17'J(; ; Col. C. Green, Gov. 17'.)7 ; S. Mitchell,
Esq. Pret. 17'.M; Rev. S. Dent, Pro. Isoi ; G. V.
Ilobart, Esi|. Lieut. -Gov. 1802; Rev. S. Dent, again
Pres. 1802; Maj.-Gen. W. D. M'l.ean Clephnnc, Lt.-
Gov. IH()3 ; Rev. S. Dent, agahi Pres. 1«03 ; A. C.
Adye, Esq. Pres. 1804; Brig.-Gen. F. Maitland, Gov.
180.'); J. Harvey, Esq. Pres. 1807 : A. C. Adye, Es(|.
again Pres. 1808 to 1809; Major-Gen. F. Maitland,
Gov. IHIO; A. C. Adye, Esq. again Ires. 1810 to
1811 ; Col.G. R. Ainsiie, Vice-Gov 1812 : J. Harvey,
Esq. Pres. 1813; Maj.-Gen. Sir C. Shipley, Gov.
1813 to 1815; G. Paterson, Es(|. Pres. 181.''); Maj.
Gen. Phineas Riall, Gov. ixUi; A. Uoustoun, Esq.
Pres. 1817 to 1819; Maj -Gen. P. Riall, (resumed)
Gov. 1821; G. Paterson, Esq. Pres. 1H21 to 182:'.;
Sir J. Campbell, K.C.B. Gov. 1820 to 1h31 ; A. Uous-
toun, l".s(|. Pres, 1829; F. Palmer, Es(|. Pres. 1h31.
111. The general aspect of Grenada is extremely
lovely, but mountainous and picturesepie ; the inte-
rior and N. W. coast consist of successive piles of
conical hills or continuous ridges, rounded in their
outline, and covered with vast forest trees and brush-
wood ; from N. to S. the island is traversed by one
continued though irregular range, rising in some places
to a very considerable elevation, often to 3,000 feet
above the level of the sea, but everywhere accessible.
From this cliain, but particularK from one very re-
markable and magnificent spot in the centre of the
island, N. E. of St. George's called the (Innid FAiim^-,
numerous small rivers and streamlets have their
source irrigating the coinitry in every direction. One
of the most prominent features in this wild romantic
district is Mount St. Catherine (Morne Michel)
which, clothed with a splendid vegetation, towers to
an altitude of 3,200 feet above the ocean level. Se-
veral mountain ridges extend from the great chain
towards the windward or S. E. side, forming rich ami
picturesque vallies, but nearly the whole of the wind-
ward coast from the S. termination of the range of
mountains at Point Callcvigny, about five miles from
St. George, till it reaches the leeward boinidary, loses
the rugged and precipitous features and deep bold
shore (as seen on the leeward side), and couoisls of u
level alluvial plain with numerous coral reefs.
The rivers, as before observed, are numerous, but
not large ; the principal .ire those of Great liucolet,
Duguisne, and Antoinc on the windward, and St.
John's and Beau Sejour, on the leeward. Several
hot chalybeate and sulphurous s|)rings exist, the
former being the most numerous ; one of these, at
Annandale in St. Cieorge's parish, is very remarkable
for its heat and strung metallic impregnation ; the
mercury rises to Hd, and since the earthquake of \H'2h,
both the temperature and impregnation have been
very sensibly increased. A hot spring in St. Andrew's
I '1
1 \M
■5
i^ ' 'i
It, .(
'i •
; '
I
'1
'. «Si
I
m
1/0
A 2
GRKNADA— GKOI.OGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL
parish emits coiisidernhle (iimntitii's (if carbonic acid
gas, posscssitij); nnalogutis qiialitii's to the famous
grotto del cnnf : it contains iron and lime, an<l |)os-
sesses a strong petrifactive (|unlity. Some of the
warm sulphurous springs in tiic hilly parishes of St.
Mark and St. John's are hot enough to boil an egg.
Near the centre of the island, at an elevation of 1,740
feet, amidst the mountain scenery, is sitviate the
Grand FAanj;, an almost perfectly circular fresh water
lake, two mile and a half in circumference, and four-
teen feet deep, with a liottom composed of a super-
stratum of soft mud, arising from decayed vegetable
substances, (especially Loti, which grow in great pro-
fusion around the margin, over a light cold argillace-
ous bed). Around this singular lake is a superb
sylvan amphitheatre of mountains, clothed in all the
verdant grandeur of a tropical forest. Another lake
(Antoin..') of nearly similar size, (covering sixty Kn-
glish acres), and form, is situated- on the E. coast
only half a mile from the sea, and but i;* feet above
its level. It is about .')() feet in depth, having no
communication with the sea, constantly increasing
towards the centre, in the shape of an inverted hollow
cone, and increasing in size for the last sixty years :
from these circumstances, and the formation of rocks,
and the quantity of scoriie foinid near its brink, there
is every reason to suppose it the crater of an ex-
hausted volcano. The inhabitants state that there
are subterraneous communications between this lake
and different pans of the island, and that during the
great eruption of the Soufi'riere in St. Vincent, in
1812, tiic waters of Lake .Antoine were not only in
continual agitation and undulation, buttliat cnnsider-
ahle quantities of lava and sulphur were thrown upon
the surface of the water from beneath. On the S.
shore, near I'oint Saline, there are extensive salt
ponds.
This island is dividei' into six parishes (,r districts,
Sts. Patrick, Andrew, John, Mrrk, David and George.
The three first named are the least mountainous, and
the most productive in sugar, cocoa and cotlee. St.
John and Mark are uiountainous ; and the two latter
named rather less so. St. (ieorge contains the capital
of that name, and the fortifications and military ])osts
of Richmond Mill, Fort King George, Hospital Hill,
and f'ardigan Heights; it is also the chief scaiiort, the
residence of the Governor, and the station of the
Courts of Judicature, &c. The district is situate on
the S. and \V. part of the island embracing 2() sipuire
miles, and extending along the King's high-road U
miles and L'H chains from the river Douce to the river
Chemin. It has I'H sugar estates, 20 eollce settle-
ments and eight colTec plantations. The population
of the capital and parish is about 10,000. .S7. David's
lies towards the S. E., and forms several points and
some bays capable of receiving small craft ; it extends
from the river Chemin to the river Crochu nine miles
and ."iO chains along the King's high road, and contains
12 sugar and several jirovision estates. Sf. .Itidnir'.i,
situate on the K. side, extends from the river ('lochu
to the river Autoine, 1 1 miles and <>C> chains along the
high-road, it comprises the town and jiort of (irenville
formerly called La Have, and contains 37 sugar planta-
tions, and eight coHee and cocoa settlements. .S7.
Ptitrirk, situate on the N. E.. containing 16 square
miles, extends nine miles and 14 chnins along the
high road, from the river Autoine to the ri\er Du-
gucsne. In this parish is the town of St. Patrick,
formerly, and now known by the name of Sauleurs ;
it contains 2fi of the rich(>st sugar plantations in the
island.. St. Mark, the smallest and least considerable
in the island, is situate on the N. \V. extending four
miles and 43 ' h".ins along the high-road, from the
river Duguesne to the river Maran, which separates
it on the S. side, from the parish of St. John. .S7.
John's, on the W. side, extends from the river Maraii,
to the river Douce, six miles and 'M'l chains ; Charlotte
town is situate in this parish, which is the next In
magnitude and population to the town of St. (ieorge.
It contains sixteen sugar estates, and i.even cocoa and
coH'ce settlements. .S7 Gi'tir^i', the capital, is situate
within an amphitheati of hills. Were it not for the
military works on Richmond Hill, which are seen at a
great distance, it would be difficult to ascertain from the
sea where George Town and harbour are placed, but on
approaching the base of the fortified hills an opening'
is discerned into a spacious and excellent harbour.
The houses are well and tastetully built of stone or
brick, with sashed windows and tiled roof's, with the
streets well ventilated, and a spacious handsome
square in the centre, and the shops ecpial to many in
London. The town is divided into upper and lower,
the latter or carf-nage, being principally occupied with
stores, ship-yards and wharfs. Tiie streets lea<ling
from the one to the other are extremely rugged and
steep. Ciinstitiitinn Hill, leading to the market-place,
is at ^n angle nut far removed fron\ the perpendicular.
The car('nage of Cirenada is one of the best that cnii
be conceived both for the convenience and seoiringot
sbipiiing; it is complefelv land-loekt'd ; there isasul'-
ficient depth of water and good holding- ground ; it is
protected by the batteries on shore, and it is exempt
from hurricanes. The harbour is said to be capable
of containing 1,00(1 ships, of 3.')0 tons each secure
from storms. The military )iosts and works under
the controul of the Ordnance Department, consist of
Fmt lit'orici', and its citadel, which protects the an-
chorace in in the Bay, defends the entrance into the
harbour, and con-.iiinm's the Town. H«si)itiil Hill —
A jiosition to the N. of the town, fortified by three
red(nibts which defend the approaches from that di-
rection and overlook I'ort St. (ieorge. liirhmimil
Hill, a chain of forts to the E. in rear of Fort Gevrsf,
viz., Fort Miithnr, Fort Frrdrri.-h and its citadel, I'ort
Ijicii.i, Fort AiMfthns, and Ciirdiirini Huff, which de-
fend the approaches to the town from the E. and S.
and also from the town to Richmond Hill.
The following public work was commenced in IMSfi ;
Water Works for supplying the Town of St. (ieorge,
the water rising in the glebe land commonly called the
Priest's Spring, brought in cast iron pipes to town, the
shipping to bi supplied at I'rince's Wharf, and the
inliabitants by branch cast iron pipes, street wells,
and fountain at 'he market-scpiare, with a reservoir
at the spring heads, and a reserve cistern near the
long room. The estimated expense is ■\,(Uwl. cur-
rency, or 1,840/. sterling. The amount of exoendi-
ture up tothcpresint date is about (lOO/. stcrliii!'.
The work is in an advanced state, the main pipe laid,
the ship|)iiig receiving supply, and wells supply fhe
inhabitants on thecar(-nnge side of the town, on 31st
December IS.iC. [R. B. p. .'il.]
The population consists of 4,000. of whom 320
are whites, and 2,000 free coloured. The dependen-
cies of (Jrenada are, the island of Carriacou, and such
of the small islands called (irenadines, as lay between
it and (irenada. Carriacou constitutes a jmrish, con-
taining, according to estimate, fi,')13 acres of land ; it
is about I!) miles in circumference. In thi' town of
Hillsborough is a church and rectory. The island is.
in general, fertile, and well-cultiTiited.
Cotton was formerly the chief article of cultiva-
(illKNADA.— GKOI.OGY, MINKR
tiuri, ami about I,(l(l0,0()(l Ib^. aiiiiiially I'Xportfil.
Kiglit of tlie [jrincijial istutcs art' now cultivated in
sugar; and tliu avfra.i;i' produi'o of tliat article in a
uood season, is upwards of L', 000, ()()() lbs. Tlic island
is, however, i;reaily exp'.sed to sutl'ir from drou};h1s,
\\lii<li mars the best ill'orts of indiistiv. The chief
cause of this calamity is supposed to be the want of
wood, which has gradually become exhausted, with-
out j'.roper means having been used to renew it by
lilniitinf;;.
IV. 'I"he geology of the island, (iu-cording to Dr.
Simpson in his i eport to the Army Medical Hoard,)
is very complicated and irregular; the mountains, and
(liH'erent parts of the low lands, so far as they have
been examined, consist of strata, or rather mingled
portions of red and grey sandstone, greywacke,
irregular alternations of hornblende, hard argillaceous
schist, and a variety of gneiss. In various spots (as at
Kiehnionil Hill) an imperfect species of granite, or
nodules of the same, interbediled in a coarse loose red
sandstone are frequently met with, and sometimes in
argillaceous schist ; a very coarse porphyry is also
sometimes seen ; immediately helimd lviclim<jnd Hill,
on the estate (.' Mount I'arnassus, limev'one is found,
and a quarry was at one time worked for agricultural
purposes. Dasaltic rocks are met with on the N, W.
coast, and it is said magnesiii'i limestone also. At
Point Salines (the extremity of the island) fuller's
earth, of the very finest quality, is procurable in
abundn.nce; and at La Fortune, in the parish of St.
Patrick, inimerous specimens of the iiatur'i ';..ignet;
sidphur in its native state, but not crystallised, is
almost everywhere nu't with. In line, it may be said
that the great mass of mountains consist of sandstone,
greywacke, hornblende, and argillaceous schist, but the
stratitication is so diverr.ltied, and the face of tlu'
country so rugged • .d abrupt, as to hid defiance to
any regular detinition. In one place they are liori-
zoiitiil, in another vertical, and in almost all tlicy are
suddenly and abruptly intersected l)y each other — a])-
pearing as if they had been si'parated and again min-
gli'd together by some great convulsion of nature.
One remarkable clitf on the river St. John, about
one mile and a half f'-om St. George's presents
a curious arrangemint, vliich Dr. Simpson is in-
(lined to ascribe to volcanic origin ; immediately
under the soil is a stratum of pudding-stone— to that
succeeds one of iron pyiite.s, (exhibiting regular
prisms!, then one of alluvial iVnnialion, and lastly
one of brown sandstone ; in some of the less ele-
vated situati.uis, the strata ae exlremi ly thin, nu
merous, and more regular ; in one clilf near (iovern-
nient House, (not more than :i,'i fi'et high,) are seen
rmminir from S. K. to ?'. \V., at a very obtuse angle
with the hori/on, at least (iO distinct strata of white,
grey, and brown sandstone, alternating with loose
sand and gravel, and near ''le surface mixed with
alluvial soil. The bed of the sea on the S. W.
point of the island is '.'omposed of phosphate of lime
or a species of coralline, hot its ell'ects are not ob-
servable on the surface of the water. No shells are
found in any of these fornnit ions; but the red sand-
stone of (inniil M'll and Callfriiriii/, in the jiarish of
St. George (.which is much used for l)uilding>, is
. iekly studded with beautiful chrystals of carburet
of iron ; and i:i the '."allevigny sandstone vegetable
remains, such as the leaves r4iid stalks of trees, are not
imeoinmon. Ne'ther the sandstone, nor tin very im-
perfect species of granite found ell'i'rvesce with acids.
The soil varies with the external feature ;. of the ccnin
try; in the low lai.ds, consisting of rich black mould
.M.OGY, SOIL, AND CI.IMATi;. 4:<
(Ml a suljstratum of light-coloured clay, while in the
high and central situations the soil is of a dingy red
or brick colour.
V. Locality, as may be supposed, inHueiices mate-
rially the temperature and health of Grenada; S'2
V. may be considered the medium heat throughout
the year in the /""• country ; but in the hii^h lands
the mercury, which at St. (ieorge, stands at Hti, will
be 10 degrees lower at the Grand Ktang at the same
moment. The quantity of rain which falls is very
considerable, and tlirougbout the year showers arc
fre(pient ; hurricanes are comjiaratively mild and un-
frequcnt, but earth.|uakes, or shocks, are sometimes
felt. The climate is much improved in common
with the whole of the West Indies of late years.
Rain Gauge, Belle V'ue, Parish of St. Andrew.
IN
■<.-..
ih:w>.
h37.
January ..
Kin
•Si
pt.
2
in
.r.i
pt.
3
n. Of) pt.
rebruary . .
•)
O'J
4
28
2
.'•.7
Marcli ....
4
12
r>
97
1
21)
April ....
;»
IX
'»
(il
1
fi.S
May
10
2i
;»
•Jl
11
'Jl
June
k;
■17
r>
Mi
II
72
July
It'.
\y<
'.1
'.»2
:i
57
August ...
H
:i:>.
10
72
10
82
September
o
I'.l
13
22
7
27
October . . 1
11
:")()
H
41
;»
I'J
November
Jl
10
II
31
•J 2
4 7
!)(•(■( mbcr
7
:fj
7
.'•)4
4
4.-.
1 2.1
*»;
'.I.') I')') lot '.17
Average, 1 07 7-liitli inches.
Range of the Thermometer and IJarometer, and
total (piaiitlty of rain fallen during the month of
December, ls;i7.
I8;i7.
Dec.
rhormometeri'S,;;'
Uaromtter.
Hitrliest ril.O
Lowv&t 7li.O
B I B I J
S i 6
t
KL.'iiHI.:!
r«« 78-1
*(.67.-'.'«
ai»(»7
vy.8() ,
:i(i.a4
■2|).85
uo.oo
itU.Hl
I'luv.
3 90
Recapitulation of the register of the Thermometer,
Svnisioineter, and I'luv iameter, &c., for the year
1H37.
Highest range of the tberniomcter in the morn-
ing was, on the 2 1th .May
D(tto at noon was on the D'th May
Ditto at night was on the I'lth .August
Mean n I 00 nearly.
Lowest range of the thermometer in the morn-
ing was, on the loth Miirch
Ditto at noon was on the 2<)th June
Ditto at night was on the 2fith June
Mean 7.'> 00 nearly.
Highest range of the symsiometer in the
morning was, on the I'.Uh I'Vbru'iry
Ditto nt nooii was on the 17th February .
Ditto at night was on the I llh February .
Mean 30 07 nearly.
Lowest range of 'he symsiometer in the
morning was, on the 2 Ith and 2'.tth Novr.
Ditto at noon was on the 22nd May and 21st
Julv
hi
01
Nf>
Of)
H4
04
71
02
7:.
07
I.I
Of.
30
08
30
07
30
06
21»
7H
29
80
: « ■ 1
If
ir
tjlill
lii'
44
GRENADA.— POPULATION.
.'9 7C.
8C
74
Of,
03
30 08
29 7r.
Ditto at night was on the 25th Octohei
Moan -J'.) 78.
Highest range of the thermometer durini^ the
year
Lowest ditto
Highest ditto of the symsiomcter ditto
Lowest ditto ditto
Number of days in which no rain fell during the
year 1837. — January, 17; February, 11; March, 27;
April, 17; May, 14; June, 2 ; July, 5 ; August, 11;
September, 11 ; October, 10; November, (i ; Decem-
ber, 9. Total, 140. Number of days on wiiich rain
lelj, 22r). Total (|uantity of rain fallen in each month,
viz. January, 1 in. 88 pts.; February, 2 34; March,
30 ; April, 2 98 ; May, 4 8.") ; June, 9 18 ; July, 7 11;
August, 8 71; September, 5 79; October, 4 03;
November, 12 C2 ; December, 3 99- Total quantity
of rain fallen during the year 63 in. 78 pts., being
7 in. 48 pts. more than that of the preceding year.
The greatest quantity of rain fell on the 28th No-
vember, viz. 1 in. 99 pts. — Grenadki Free Press.
VI. In 1700, there were but 1.11 whites, 53 blacks
or mulattoes, and 525 slaves. In 1753, there were
12f)2 whites, 175 free negroes, and 11,991 slaves. In
1779, the slaves were rated at 35,0ou. In 1788,
99(> whites, 1,125 free coloured, 23,920 slaves. In
1805, 1,100 whites, 800 free coloured, 20,000 slave;
The next data shew that, in 1827, the island contained
29,168 mouths, namely — of whites, 834 ; free blacks
and coloured, 3,892; total, 4726. Slaves, agricul-
tural, 21,()52 ; slaves, domestics and artizans, 2,790 ;
total, 24,442.
Population of Grenada and the Grenadines in 1834.
Division.
Whites.
Free
Blacks.
Slaves.
Total.
IS and
ident
(igers.
Persons employed in
.5 s g
Male Fm.
Male Fm.
1
Male.
Female
Male.
Female
<o^X
Agrict.
Manfc
Comm.
Town of St. George .
128
82
655' 871
653
767
1436
1720
94
55
Parish of ditto
76
22 309 277
2645
1844
3030
2143
45
3986
" St. John .
34! 13 177 198
887
847
109-^
1058
22
1944
4
St. Mark .
26| 17
611 67
604
673
691
757
3
1477
St. Patrick
72l 8
67 101
1782
1971
1921
2080
14
4217
" St. Andrew
91 1 14
108 143
1970
2022
2169
2179
23
4444
4
St. David .
30, 6
111 no
774
832
915
948
11
1912
Island of Carriacou .
331 9
1
187 245
1333
1470
1553
1724
12
.3465
4
Total
490
171|
1675|2012
10648
10426
12813
12609
22 1
21445
67
Kote. — The apparent decrease which occurs in the Slave Population Return of 1834, contrasted with
that of 1833, is attributed to the children u!ider si.\ years of age, who, under the provisions of the Abolition
Act, became emancipated on the 1st August, 1834.
The white poi)ulation was, in 1 829, town of St.
George, 177 males, 107 females; parish of St. George,
90 males, 28 females ; St, John's, 38 males, 34
females; St. Mark, 25 males, 10 females; St. Patrick,
84 males, 3 females ; St. Andrew, 94 males, 8 L males;
St. David's, 38 males, 11 females; Carriacou Isle,
50 males, 4 females. Total, white males, 596 ; females,
205. Coloured males, 1562; females, 2,224.
The progressive decrease of the Slave Population was, from 1817 to 1831, as follows ;
Increase by Birth.
Decrease by Death.
Years.
Males.
(A
s
1
CA
.2
en
•a
s
•a
1
e
<u
J
^.0
CO
1817 ..
13737
14292
28029
212
239
451
478
424
902
:<8
1818 ..
1332H
14087
27115
305
352
057
538
532
1070
5.>'
1819 ..
13155
13905
27060
339
375
714
585
584
1 1 09
99
1820 ..
13007
13892
20899
311
330
041
485
410
895
41
1821 ..
12398
13269
25007
352
330
082
506
422
*/2o
Oj
1822 ..
12355
13231
255K6
371
350
;2i
364
316
Oho
03
1823 ..
12258
13052
25310
361
358
719
398
426
824
104
1824 ..
12101
12871
2 1972
353
324
677
392
332
724
97
1825 . .
12057
12840
2IH97
337
340
077
399
360
759
122
1820 ..
11896
12085
24581
320
340
000
397
397
794
91
1827 . .
11841
126.32
24473
309
335
704
360
309
009
79
1828 ..
11777
12565
24342
355
332
687
376
337
713
95
1829 ..
11711
12434
24145
377
359
736
372
358
730
95
1830 ..
11572
12300
23878
385
.349
734
503
476
979
71
1831 ..
11432
12172-
230O4*
348
330
684
500
428
928
116
Of African.^, males, 2,226; females, 2,075.
C 5
»x ■
c 2. H
-1 3" 3=
? 2 ™
o
" n
: 3
5' c
4 C/)
tc ~
3 _ i
1H28
9
\x2'j
10
1x30
12
1x31
16
IH32
11
IS33
25
I«34
31
1*135
20
1836:424
GRENADA.— POPUI.ATIOX.
45
)<J. Total quantity
3 in. 78 pts., heing
:he preceding year.
I on the 28th No-
Iti Free l^rernt.
1 whites, 53 blacks
1 17.03, there were
1 11, !»91 slaves. In
S.'i.ODU. In 1788,
23,!)2<; slaves. In
ired, 20,000 slave?
the island contained
?s, 834 ; free blacks
[). Slaves, agriciil-
ind artizans, 2,790 ;
sons employed in
ict.
Manfc
Cotnm,
.'■.5
?f.
14
4
77
17
14
4
2
)3
•J
15
67
34, contrasted with
ns of the Abolition
14 males, 8 U males;
s ; Carriacoii Isle,
lalcs, .oad ; females,
les, 2,224.
h
th.
§
s .
.§^.1
M
O f«
n i
ctf
D
(U
Q
02
:<8
70
M
(i'J
99
!».')
41
.JH
C.z
H{)
fi3
'1\
104
.'4
97
I'.l
122
»4
91
i9
79
:t
9.'>
"
9.'-.
9
71
H
11.0
C n
r- 8 "
p
: 3
it
fi) TO
g.? to
'TJ 't "TJ "0 "S "S H
P (0 V p p p O
3. 2. — . n. Ill 2. s
CA tf) (/) cr. c/) c/1 -j
S" 3- =r 5- 3- 3- -"
C O O O O O 2,
■-►i "^ -.^ -n "^ "^
Cfl Cft c/: C/3 C/5 w J2
..♦ j-f rr j-f rr f* .
o "^v jr o 9
£. O. 1 -1 S g T
c a. 3 o J
- - -: jr
a? '
oc
1^'
."i a. ^
3 " —
3 2°
2 3 CC
c a -,
in
a* p}
3 3.-
B 5 ^
5 o- »
„ ^ . _
^3 ?
2 =^
o re
o O
!"?
5' 7
ic •- to "- i>s tc ~i
IC i)> W CO -> — IC 3^
ill <7i O -I .^ ^1 U ■>(
K5 "- to " lO «- to
IC to — 10 C» *- 00 ^1
to ~l OCi ^^ o> 00 *» *•
.!• o< ^ u o< u: M o
W VI vc TD O X Cl V
0Xlc4-004-cr>
-.1 ^i 00 vi .^, ^1 ^1 o
u to >-' .— »-»-
*. 00 O 00 :r> O ^1 lO
•J" ^ ~l — 4- W O i.'
>.'' H- ^ o -o Cl o w
ci IS — o ir> o X VI
ill to .U ^1 ^1 CT Iw W
to ii — ^1 p;- o o 00 o
lo — w w H. »- CO
4- C C^ 4- — -■ O
^c to --I CO *i o lo
Ci. — O *• »I C^ CO
10
o
o
c
3
CO n
2
e.
re
^
•a
c
o
3
re
3
P
CL
P
A statement of the number of Slaves for whom
compc;isation has been claimed, and of the number
of claims preferr"d for such compensation, and of
the amount of compensation awarded in e:..h of the
classes of pricdial-attached, pnedial-unattae.u 4, and
non-pricdial. [Parliamentary return to the h'ou^e of
Lords, March, 1838.]
re
3 ,
"Ere
o 3
2 =
j'S . 1
a
0^5
a s a 1
o
Classes.
No.
iave
ch c
Total.
Q
a
Ug 4.
'iwdial
ttaclied.
Head People ..
rradesn-.n ....
Inferior ditto ..
Field Labourers
1164
741
«7H
Hfi 1!)
i'48nSi ,
:i(i.'i!)(i 1
2!)7ft4;t
No. of Sltives,
16.5011.
Amnniit,
Jt30:HJS5.
< L
Inferior ditto ..
{•Ti^
Ii8'2;i5 ,
il
Head People . ..
rradosnieii ....
in
■21
412
8615
No. of Slaves,
Inferior ditto .,
I'ield Labourers
Interior ditto . .
10
211
12:1
:i44
7:162
y.iHO
Amount,
;*-Il566.
u> L
HeadTiadrsnien
p.'"
3!)2I
Inferior ditto . .
1-25
42:11
■3
Head 1'. employ.
ed on wliarfs,
No. of Slaves,
0.
shipping, or
206!).
otlier avoca.
Amount,
tions
2S
ll.M
.^35181.
o
Inf. People ditto
4(|H
i:i7(i.-.
i^.
Head Pomestics
:i.->()
121)4(1
Inferior ditto ..
Children under
si.\ years of
affc on tbe 1st
!i7.s
2UI25
August, iu:i4.
j:i2n
.1426.'>
Aged, discasi '1,
or otberwisi
non-e(fective
luoy
11257
Number of claims having reference to each division.
Praedial Attai '<<;d, 26:1 ; Praidial Unattached, •(!) i Non-
priedial, 6<):t.
On the 31st December, 1837, th. population was — Town of St. George, 994 males, 1,219 females.
Parish of St. Oeorgc, 1,.'>4I males, l,r.()l females. St. John, 971 males, 988 females. St. Mark, Ct'lCt males,
iCi.Mi females. St. Patrick, 1,718 males, 1,8.'')9 females. St. Andrew, 2,009 males, 2,088 females. St. David,
n48 males, 88.") females. Carriacou, 1,404 males, 1,.'')30 females. Total, 10,1 1 1 males, 10,883 females. Of
free, l.MlO males, l,9()4 females. Of apprenticed labourers, 8,271 males, 8,919 females.
VII. Number of Prisoners in the Goals of Grenada throughout each year.
Total number
No. of Debtors
No. of Misde-
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
No. of untried
2
of Prisoners.
meanours.
Prisoners.
Prisoners.
CO
(^
.Male
Fm.
Totl.
12
Male
Fm.Totl.
Male
I'm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
g
Wl%
9
3
1
1
..
1
1
8
2
10
2
2
4
r>
1
7
i«2y
10
1
11
3
1
4
4
, ,
4
3
3
6
C.
1
1
1H30
12 4
ir>
2
2
4
4
2
C
4
4
6
1
7
, .
, ,
, ,
1H31
u;
I
17
10
1
11
. ,
4
4
5
, .
5
1
1
2
1832
11
1
12
3
, ,
3
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
, ,
1
3
3
..
i-^;i;i
2.5
2
27
1
1
a
• •
• •
, ,
4
4
3
, ,
3
1
1
..
1834
31
10
41
3
2
.0
11
8
19
14
14
2f)
8
34
2
2
\K\h
20
13
33
, ,
, ,
13
13
26
6
1
7
19
13
32
1
I
,.
183G
424
101
.025
4
..
4
393
101
494
27
27
300
94
400
118
7
125
2
iY«^^ — Although not stated in the Blue Hiwks, the last year alone, it is presumed, gives the aggregate
of all the gaols in the ijland. The former years furnish only the returns of the gaol at the capital.
V ■!
Ji
4C
GHF.KADA.— RKLIGION.
VIII. Number of the Established Church, livings, &c. in Gicimda, in \><M. [n. B ]
Name of the Parish, and
.£ rs Population of
alue of
gs.
5-a
18
Persons |
tending.
sons the ;
contain.
Persons
tending. !
z Places of
rship.
in what County or
u —
•o «
41 rs "
Remarks.
District.
Si
(2
each Parish.
Sterling
Li'
No. of P
Church w
Number
generally
O 0^
n
Town of St. George, in
There is a Parsoim;;!'
the Parisli of St.
now
house to this livhiL',
George
2G
6244
£:i77
780
550
hdg.
11
4
and about 20 acres of
Glebe land.
United Parishes of St.
[Free & appr.
There is one I'resby-
John's and St. Mark
Labourers.]
now
terisin Kirk, oneWi's.
in the Island of Gre-
2G00
264
160
100
bdg.
leyan Chapel, and two
nada
1500
11. Catholic Chapels.
Parish of St. Patrick
ir>i
200
400
200
jL'CiO annually allowtd
for house rent.
St. Andrew's and St.
An allowance for Par-
David's
264
300
100
50
sonage house.
Carriacou, a Parish and
There is a Parsonap'
Island in the govirn-
hou;c and about 10
nunt •■ Grenada .
4000
2yo
400
300
acres of glebe.
St. George
570
500
Wesley an
Ditto
200
15(1
Weslcyaii
Ditto
20(1
Wesleyan
Noto. — This return is rather confused in the Blue Hooks at the Colonial OlVice ; but it is the best stnlc-
nient to he found on the subject. The population return does not entirely agree with the census under tin
.)jpuhition section.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
2800
R. C. KiOO
;<5()() No
regular chapel.
R.C. ll-12ths Divine service in a
house rented by
S.'.OO till
pastor lor the
R.C. ll-12ths
])U
rpose.
3H00
Ditto.
R.C. ll-12ths
4200
Ditto.
R.C. 1 l-12th8
IKOO
ll.C. ll-12ths
Town of St. George
Parish of St. George
United Parishes of St.
John and St. Mark
Parish l'' St. Patrick
Parish of St. Andrew
Parish of St. David .
are taught to repeat the Ap. creed, the command-
ments, and other elementary prayers by heart, before
a;.d after the celebration of the liturgy. Then imme-
diately foll'^ws a sermon, vhich is delivered lioth in
English and French, inculcating the moral precepts
of the gospel. After the sermon, one hour is devoted
to catechetii.'Hl teaching, in which the pastor is as-
sisted by competent members of the congn^ation.
Finally, the religious duties close by the performance
of the baptisms and marriages.
The number of baptisms during the year was 374,
the great majority of persons bai)tizcd being the
children of apprentires. The number of iriairiages
was 37, of which 27 took place amongst the appren-
tices. With regard to marriages, the R. C. pastor
900 i In order to extend the bless
I ings of religion as generally as
800 possible, uiuler all the disadvan
tages we are placed in, the itii.<.
sionary makes regular roimiis uf
pastoral visits to the several
parishes in due order. l'|ion
1500 these visits the greater part i,i
I the Sabbath is occupied in iii.
1500| ciilcating religious iiistruetmi!
I anu)ng.stthcnuincrousatteii(liiiii<
900j who consist almost wholly of up
I prenticcd labourers. The luurir>
I deems it right to observe that there is no douhf it |
j wouV' tond much to facilitate and encourage thr in
, creasi - f marriages amongst the apprentices, if a lii« I
was passed empowering the elerjry of the ditl'eriiit
' denominations to administer the marriage rite to tht
members of their congregations respectively.
j Even though Roman catholic priests can now per- 1
form this rite legally, still it does not secure civil I
! rights to the parties ; and Roman catholics are con-
I se(|uently obliged to have their marriages solemnizcfll
, both by the rectors of the established chtach and tin t|
! own pa.stors, which operates as no small obstiuli' to I
, the general reception of this religious rite, wliicli isl
! one ol the best promoters and supporters of all iiKirair
feeling. [R. H. for iH.tC, J
GIlKNAnA— F.nUCATION, GOVKRNMKNT AM) MILITARY, FINANCE.
47
[11. li ]
IX. Schools orGmmdn in IK.ICi. [B. B]
Uemuiks.
lore is II l'arsoiia;_'r
luse to tills liviin',
(I aliiiut liO acres ol
lrl)c' Iniul.
icri' is OIK! I'rcsl)y-
rir.n Kiik, oneWfs.
ynnClmpi'l, ttiullwo
, Cafliolic Clui|H'ls.
U) luinuiilly allowtil
for lioiiso rent,
n aliowance for Par-
sonage; liouse.
Iierc is a I'arsonatir
ju; c and nl)oul h'.
:rc8 of glebe.
it it is the best state.
the census under tin
o
extend the hicss.
ion as peiu'inliy a>
nil tlio disadviiii
placed in, the iiii«-
remilar rounih uf
to tlie si'viriil
due order. I pun
he preutcr part »!
is occupied in in-
i^ious in.stnirti(ii:
nmirousatti'iulaiit-
ihiiost wholly ol ii|i
loiirers. Tlu'luiinh
its
I
ere is no doubt It |
ncourngc thi' in-
apprentices, if « !«« I
rgy of the ditVercnt
marriage rite to tlu
peetively.
iriests can now lur-
es not secure ciMil
n catholics are con-
arriages solemni/cJ I
lied church and tin r I
lo small obstacli' to I
ipious rite, \vhiclii!|
pporters of all nuTai
Name of the Parish, and Public or Free
III what County or
District.
School, and
where situated
.sr. George,
Circiiada
Island of
Salary of
Schoolmaster
or Sehoohuis-
tress in £ stg,
No. of Scholars,
MaleiFm.Totl.
Central school £132 112| 43
for the gratiii- schooliiinster,
tousc<lueation £2*i
of boys .t girls'scliO(dmistre.ss
Infant school £25 'M>
Sunday school
Free school Sc
£1(1
liiitrd Parishes of St
.loliii and St. Mark, Infant school
ill tho Island of Gre- Ditto
iiada * 1 Free school
St. Andrew & St. David Parochial sell, 1st CJO
jonc in each 2iid £.'i()
I'lirish of St. Patrick iFree school
('nrrincoii,t a parish and Parochial scli.j£.')() from the,
isliiiid ill the govern- in the town ofiliisliop of the'
mi'iit of (Iitnada ,1 lillsboro' idioccsc.
(irpnada,+ its dependcn-jNo estal)lished
cies R.C. school in
iGrciiada.
• There arc eight private schools. There are also
Snndny school. f At present tlu're are no d.iy
t There are here two private schools. There is re
and Sunday schools would be opened in every parish if
X. The people are ruled by a Lieutenant-Governor,
flomicil and Mouse of Assembly, whose powers are
similar to those described under Jamaica, !i.c. The
Cniiiicil consists of 9 members, and the Assembly of
'.'7. A freehold, or life estate of .''id acres in the
f'nintry, and of Ml, house rent in the capital, (|ualities
lor a representative. An estate of ten acres in fee,
or for life, or a rent of Id/, in any of tlie country
towns; and a rent of 20/. out of any freehold, or life
estate in the capital, (lives a vote in the electi(in of
the representatives. The law courts, besides those of
Chancery, in which the Governor pre.sicles, are the
Court of Grand Session of the Peace, held twice a
year, in which the jjerson first named in the commis-
sion of the peace presides ; the Court of Common
Pleas, in which a professional juilge, with a salary of
(WK)/. presides ; the Court of Kxcliecpier, lately fallen
into disuse ; the Court oi Admiralty, and the Court
of Krror, composed of the s^overnor and council, for
tryiof; appeals. In ail rn^es the common statue law
of r.nfjland is the rule ot justice, unless when particu-
lar laws of the island interfere.
'file Revenue of (Jrenada for \>*:\C< as regards inter-
nal taves and levies on )>roperty, was as follows: —
lived taxes raised per money bill, viz. on 'M'>0 nn-
attnehed apprentices at ',U. iil. = iVi'iL. ; 'MH saddle-
liorsfs and mules at 2'J.«. ■!(/. = l!».^/. ; lH(i'.)r,i. rents
of houses at 2^ per cent,=-l2l/. 20,'M'.),H()r> lbs.
siisar, valued at ir>2,!).')h/. ; 7.'!3,t)H7 gallons of rum,
;!2,r)«2/. ; 2.'lH,|H;t gallons of molasses, 7'j;i'J/. , i:t,7IJ
lbs. of collee, 4.'»7/. ; 2 1. ^..IC? lbs. of cocoa, 2,.'<'.t.''>/. ;
4;!,H40 lbs. of cotton, TMl. ; total, 207,(»()2/. Taxed
at 2( per cent. Ar,:,>Jl. Total out of 7,017/.
revenue, ('1,200/.
There are seven regiments of Militia, viz
(ieorgc's consisting of 21 Ofiicers and :«8<)
40
:<4
.'•.4
7.^1
H4
30
ar.
2<.>
3r,
24
r>8
70
M
f,3
131
7M
130
a
*S-2
4-*
V u
If supported by Go-
vernment or volun-
tary contributions,
and amount of each.
Governmt. Vol. Con. [2
J3
S t/i
a.
Bell's 'Col. Gov. an. 3H'.)/.cry.| Salary
grant 200/. = If.O/. s. of Mr.
and. Ms.
only.
Rent
iCl. St.
Inf. SI.
system
licll's
c. = 80/ stg.
Mistrs. paid
by Risliop.
noreniuner.
Governmt. i
80 lf)4
Bell's Govern. 40/.
Govern, in/. 3(i/. stg.
Bell's Govern. 40/.
Bell's
various
modes.
Suj). with Books
books bv .')/. stg.
the B. S.jper an.
fixed
:— St.
Non -
Commissioned Ullicers and Privates. St. John's,
twelve estate schools, one other private school, and a
schools established in Carriacou.
gularly a Sunday in rhe Presbytery open to all classes,
there were some means.
l-l Ollicers and I OH Non Com. OflTicers and Privates.
St. Patrick, 14 fitVicers and 70 Non Com. Ollicers and
Privates. St. Andrews, 1.") Ollicers and 1(4 Noli Com.
Ollicers and Privates. St. David, 1.") Ollicers and CiS
Non Com. Ollicers and Privates. Carriacou, 1 1 Ofii-
cers and ("iH Non Com. Ollicers and Privates. Troop
of Lij;lit Dragoons, 7 Ollicers and 2".» Non Com. Ofii-
cers and Privates; 'I'otal '.)7 Ollicers and H2() Non
Com. Ollicers and Privates. The Militia meet for
exircise once a month. They retain possession of
their arms and accoutrements, and in case of attack
or alarm, would at once assemble by regiments^, in
their ditferent parishes, and be availalile in aid of the
regular troops. The Island Treasurer has charge of
the animiinition, which is deposited in a magazine, in
the principal town. From him Commanding Ollicers
of regiments receive their sup|)lies half yearly, retain-
ing always a sutlicient (piantity for any emergency.
The arms and accoutrements are in good order. [B. B.
for 1M3(;.]
XI. Colonial taxes and duties, (i)ay!d)le at the Trea-
sury, by virtue of nt'ts of the legislature), are levied
on all wines imported, (wines for the use of her
Majesty's service excepted), per pi|ie, 3/. (it. In
bottles per dozen, 2.<. 3//. on all brandy and giii, per
gallon, 184. ; on each and every saddle horse, or mule,
3/. i\s. for every 100/. of actual rent of houses, stores,
buildings, and sheds, (not used in the manufacture «)f
produce,) orof the estimated rental thereof, when occu-
pied by the pro|)rietor, 3/. ; on each and every slave,
|8,«; on every 100/. value of produce, grown or ma-
nufactured in the year 1831, estimated as follows: —
Mu.scovado siiirar at 40.«. per 100 lbs ; Rum, 2.<. per
gallon; Molasse.s, \s. fii/. do. ; Cotton, i'td. peril).;
Cotl'ee, l.«. do. ; Cocoa, 4(/. do. ; 3/. percent.; Har-
bour duty on all vessels clearing, per ton, 4i/. ; canal
duty on all vessels clearing, per ton, '2d.
1 '
! ..
if.'
)! >l
i ii';
J • li :;,v«|i<«^'
48
ORENAnA.— FINANCES, COMMERCE.
Comparative Yearly Statenicitt of the Ilcvuiiuc and Expenditure of Grenada, in Pounds sterling.
Revenue.
1828.
j 1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
18.34.
1835.
1836.
Fix
Inc
e(i Rovcnuo
24.'i4
10137
: 2306
11696
572
1 1409
1104
9188
1083
11509
3603
8452
2738
7841
1 6882
7017
id. ntnl Receipts
2.504
Total
i:tHi()
12443
12268
12513
10271
15112
11190
24723
9522
W
13
n
• Civil Estahlisiiinent
Miscellaiu :;;"s
Military Establishment . .
Total
4H0!)
(■.4!)(i
837
4719
6413
822
5793
6178
751
.5454
7177
719
5652
4,542
728
5fi8;<
61'J3
733
3032
7757
770
4H92
1113J
902
7216
7393
287
3
12142
119.'i.')j
12722
13350
10922
12609
11559
16926
14896
Paid III/ tlir Cn/nrnj in Slciiini^ Money in 1836.
[H. B.]— Civil Esfnblishmeiit, 2,605/.; Judicial Ksta-
hlishment, 2,732/. ; Ecclesiastical Estal)lishnu'nt,
1,880/. ; Miscellaneous Expenditure, 7, 12H/. ; IVnsions,
264/.; Military Disbur-senicnts, 287/. ; Total 14, 8'J6/.
Comiiiissiiiiiit Depart mcnt. — I'rovisions and Forage
received from England 2,490/. ; purchased ia the Com-
mand, 3,451/. ; amount in l'oun<ls sterling, 5,944/,;
Fuel and Light received from England, 142/.; pur
chased in the Command, 412/.; amount in pounds
sterling, 55-1/.
Misri'/liinroiis I'l/rrh'isc.i. — Transport, 120/.; Pay
of extra Stall', (including under the head of Ordi-
naries, from Ibt of .Spril 1H36, the payments for tlie
Commissariat and Ordnance excepted) 175/.; Military
allowances, 5'j;»/. ; Special Services, 58/. ; Contingen-
cies, "7/.; Ordnance, 2,X23/. ; Ordinaries, 7,1.'^6/. ;
Pay of Commissariat OtVicers, 513/.; Total 18,050/.
Dcilurt Hi- prti/nii'nt.i. — Commissariat, 320/. ; Ord-
nance, 275/.; Total 595. Net ehnrge 17,-155/.
Onliiiiii<i\ — Military Works, 526/.; Barracks, 723/.;
Total 124'.)/. incurred by Great Britain. [B.U. for
36, page 46].
IMPORTS. EXPORTS, AND SHIPPINO OK r.RENADA
XII. In 1776 the exports from the island and its de.
pendencies were 11, 01 2, 1 57 llis, of muscovado, and
9,273,607 lbs. of clayed sugar; h|h,7()() gallons of
rum; 1,827,166 lbs. of codVe ; 457,719lbs. of cocoa;
91,943 lbs. of cotton ; 27,()38 lbs. of indigo; and soiiic
smaller articles, the whole of which at a moderati
compiitation was worth at the ports of shi|)pii;;;,
60(),n0(U. .';terling. The sugar was the produce of one
hundred and six plantations, worked by 18,2'.):!
iiegrocs, which gives rather more than a hogshead di
muscovaiio sugar of 16 cwt. friun the labour of riicli
negro ; a return, which Mr. Edwards allu nis to Ih'
unequal to any other British island in the West Indies,
except St. Christopher's. In 1787 the exports wca.
175,5 18 cwts. of sugar; 670,390 gallons of ruin;
8,812 cwts. uf colfee ; 2,062,427 lbs. of cotton, and
2,810 lbs. of indigo. In IK31 the principal articles ni'
export were, sugar, 1 1,908 hgds.; rum, 6,634 pchs.;
molasses, 2,461 phs. ; eoll'ee, (),103 bags. Total value
of fjpoiis, 118,761/.; of inn)iirt>i, h|,h35/. In iHitr.,
exports, 216, 125/. ; imports, 145,950/.
Great Britain.
West
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Years
Tons.
Val. £
Val. f
No.
Val.f! No.
Tons.
Val, £
29369
No.
43
Tons.
Val. £
No.
21
Tons,
1214
Val. .^
No.
187
Tons.
Men.
\Hi'i
■iWi
44
137511
23270
39302 79
693.->
.121!)
92fil
104fiOH
27130
Ifl09
IK24
rfifi
2M
H34()
afli;.5
3789.1 83
704;;
27711
37
4273
11021
14
931
ll()3()fl
102
20O1O
12(1.!
lsi.^
MliH'i
40
11812
4(i9.M
20834 82
.182ti
5373;
40
4.172
2481
8
322
I436H5
170
2273-.'
1113
IH2I)
6:m-
30
003:i
391)3
183.'>.-> 132
8.1.05
39412
37
5227
4090
31
1133
107874
2311
23948
1717
zsa;
79m
38
11. '.38
.'>4
913 . 1.14
10214
. ,
20252
93
5700
831)0
2.S7 2730(1
lH-.>8
7,V22
43
11.VJ5
18934
371()fi Kifi
113()7
, ,
, ,
22210
44
4 120
83803
28)!
273 18
2023
IM29
IfiOHH
,■)«
1633K
•2())33
92341 IHfi
13240
, ,
, ,
297 IS
100
O203
101313
342
33781
20J3
IR'IO
3076
•16
I7!)'>
.i33 12
211
138(13
, ,
, ,
10232
73
:i8ii8
72O32
310
2.1337
IH3I
8.14!
40
11473
30-il7
2f)12l 218
13331!
9h7(i
ill
a779
31)13 31
1075
79002
308
28M83
220 1
iH:ej
f!H4()
34
•>U9
27!).)«
1940,1 17(1
111301
170ti!)
25
4021!
7731 32
111!
78991
2OI
235,-(l
1S30
18:«
7irH
45
llfiU4
a.-ifitii
21937 LI 4
9'i()ii
13371
1/
2343
3697 34
1008
73tS40
230
24S03
1 7s3
IM»4
Stiti.'i
37
1043!)
31040
22034 123
7893
1 I4'J3
12
2047
39 lO 25
•llO
7707s
197
21325
1430
i»i;is
47200
30
8317
2.-..'.6(i
280.10 117
712s
lltito
9
1574
S3;lo 27
1290
I17!I80
183
IhOl.O
1217
1H36
S400U
30
77 1-'
2b2.S0
37730 142
7087
11400
13
1088
14350
32
2510
1 1.^930
.-7
19003
IO7H
EXPORTS OF GRENADA.
1823
1.N24
1823
18'.>()
18'.^7
1«28
1 8^9
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
I8:I3
1830
380914! 41
3027 13| 37
2liOllh
238908
2897 1 1
304930
310393
211420
182110
113291
.^37384
23(l0'l7l 39
184liOO| 3S
I82720I 32
12437
1 1 4O9
10798
11237;
I03I4*
1398ji
14120 I
11707;
10! nil
9t)0«|
11213.
101)881
1027(1
Willi
IIO1I8
7094
23713
22973
30'
127131
1 5802 1
431 43 j
12844!
11901 1
l:iu(j6|
777-
7.'..3(M
I3.330i
30
27030
2309')
2IKOI
8O9
3l30ti
2337.''
1844;
2OOO..
I82(r.
3333;
IOO2.
1310'
7li,
33
70
129
I8(i
i7«:
233;
23.'.
22;;'
178
lOO
\y.
!-.>
127
07001
32231
.1372
7957
12134
10:I83
13409'
133131
13280
11008
yOj3|
79-.;;!
779":
0400'
i
20080
41
40<i3
0092
13231
31
:i:i5o
7220
I90O8
31
3313
3805
17840
28
3311
20 18
7^92 1
8337
7030
3700
347fi
13
2109
1173
4I9^
17
293O
MIS
142'
7
i2fi;
411
189'
9
1574
1040
283
/
903
1903
27 I 1329
18 , 1093
039
fio9
3438
3700
5883
3621
31 I 1891
27 i 1282
..I ..
1047
920
Ills
453312
339313
337110
349211
347900
3570sy
3.19127
203204
218332
133175
28 Visa
2737O8
2ll7()t>
S16I25
183 23115
141 21131).
131! 20142
211' 23314
28JJ -iWrnd'.
2tf8| 28O08; 2189
338 1 33414 2034
3007 1 1 ••
27435
24914
2OH30
20929
20334
IO59I
33.1
310
230
208
1!)8
194
178
I3lil
IvjO
I2!,3
2178
21 S7
1779
1308
1400
1470
1311
lillKNADA.— ST.MM.K PRODUCTS AND I'ROl'KUTY.
49
unils sterling.
1835.
7H4I
1 r.8H2
) 247J:«
\»M.
7017
2.')0l
yn^ii
4H'.»2
iii:vj
<.)()2
72 If.
2H7
l(;<J2f. MHllO
I
the island and its (ic-
of muscovado, niiil
HlH,7(i() gallons ni
57,7 l'.» ll>s. of coctw;
of in(li;;o; andsomo
vliich at a modiriiti
>. ports of sliippiiu,
lis the produce of oiir
worked by lH,'J'.i:!
•e tlmii a hogshead ni
in the luliour of iw li
Iwards alVnnis to W
id in the Wist Indii's,
H^ the exports wiic
'JO gallons of ruin ;
7 lbs. of cotton, and
V principal articles iii'
,. ; rum, fi,C..'14 pchs.;
|0H l)a;:s. Total valiii'
„v, s1,h;i,'i/. In iHliii,
.,u:.o/.
Total.
e
No.i
Tons.
Men.
H
27i:iti
Ifini)
fi
ifrj' aipCiifi
rjii.i
5
170: 'j-jr;!'^
1I4:<
i
2:111, 2:i<HK
1717
i
•-'s; a?''!'!!
1
i!s(i 27:1 IH
2(I2.'>
1
!
:mv1 x>7>fi
2ti2:l
!
aOHl -iHHH:!
22(il
1
i«l 2,'i.'i7'l
IS.IO
)
•i.Vt •ilSfW
17s.'.
l!)7i 'Ji;i-'''
M.-jli
(1 \h:i' ihln.i)
i-.'i;
1 p;i ii)iiii;i
i(i;K
iH.-i •.'.■. 11.^
i.-.r.i
141 aiKiu
i-.'.ii>
1511 20112
ij'.;t
211! -':i;iu
1!17H
•Mil '.£fiO!lti
2tfH| 2H0(i8
31x9
a.-iM ;kji4
2iiai
3:i\! 30071
••
111 11 274;i,i
2is7
a.'ifil 24!)I4
i7;!»
20H
20h:i(i
I6n«
i<m
2(ia:'!t
Mliii
I!(4
20.1,14
14711
178
16S1)I
i:)ii
Principal Kxportc from Grenada (except Cocoa.)
Years,
Sugar
Rum
Molasses
Coffee
lids.
Punclis.
Punchs.
Bags,
IK 23
lf.7f.C.
1 1 2H,S
3 7 '.('J
•>•»,»
1H24
5203
HfiCi.'J
iMca
147
1 H2S
l.'iH4M
79r.4
2'J4.')
11
IH26
l.'J441
H3.'i«
2498
17f.
lbs.
1«27
1 2f.9,')
77,10
1403
17120
IS28
20171
1)4 f,l
.'!2ir>
28320
IS29
ih;u)
132riH
2777
Kr.4
:tl,'.04
bai^s.
ih;u
II'JOI
(;C34
24(!4
(.103
XI 11. Each of our W. I. scttkmcnts, it will be ob-
served, has almost a distinct currency, at least few are
alike, the following is the standard table for Cirenads
currency, established (by proclamation) in I7'.»8,
Coins.
Weight.
Value in
Sterling.
Value in
Currency.
dts.
«■'■»•
£.
s.
d.
lioh.
hittii.
Joe ...
8
12
3
12
—
8
—
Joe ...
7
12
3
f.
— .
7
4
Pistole . .
4
r>
1
16
....
4
—
M(jidore . .
6
—
2
n
(
.")
r>
(iuinea . .
,')
—
2
.5
—
r,
—
Hollar . .
17
—
—
9
--
—
12
Kitt . . .
^~'
^"^
^"~
~
9
__
1
A Joe, value 3/. \2.i., has a G. stamped in the mid-
dle of the face side. A Joe, value 3.1. ('"'., has a G.
stamped in three places near the edge of the face side.
When a Joe is phii;ged, the initials of the workman's
name are stamped u|)oii the plug.
The British and Colonial currency, established by
proc!amat' n in May, 1797, consisting of British half-
crown, (■>,». 3(/. ; shilling, 2.«. f.ii, ; sixpence, 1,», 3i/. ;
Colonial Moneta, marked IV, 2,v. Cw/, ; Vlll, l,«. 3,/. ;
XVI. 7i(/. No paper currcticy. The coin in circula-
tion estimated at ri0,000».
XIV. In 1700, more than twenty years after the
sovereignty had luien vested in the crown of France,
there were found on the whole island oidy »")4 horses,
^tfi'J horned cattle, three ))lantations of sugar, and .'.2
of indigo. About 1 1 years afterwards, however, an
active commercial intercourse was opened with the
island of Martini(|ue, cultivation was rapidly extended,
and notwithstanding the interruption which these
improvements sustained by the war ir; 1744, Grenada
was found in 17.'i3 to contain 2,29^* hirses or mules,
2, .lor. horned cattle, 3,278 sheep, 902 goats, 331 hogs,
83 sugar plantations. Sec. ; and in 17r.2, when it sur-
rendered to the British arms, it is said to have yielded
annually, together with its dependencies, the Grena-
dines, a quantity of clay and Muscovado sugar, equal
to 1 1,000 hogsheads, of 15 cwt. each, and 27,000 lbs.
of indigo.
Produce made in Grenada and the Grenadines in 1830.
Parishes and Island.
Parish of St. George
Mark's
John ....
Patrick ..
Andrew's
David. . . .
Island of Carriacou.
Total
Sugar.
Rum.
Molasses., Coffee. Cocoa.
Cotton.
lbs.
31799ir>
913247
f.2 14350
ri75r>02i
1853143
2225700
Gallons.
122422
3 1533
2i)450
278891
303592
1 14550
9996
221009.53
890434
Gallons.
5f.,'!S2
11784
7880
3997
2 1955
r.3f.8
144313
lbs.
'.•H39
5287
7852
500
1 500
1141
lbs.
20022
1254.54
I48'i25
:'.9r>70
4534
2,55f>79 I 26122 I 337905
lbs.
7139
COO
90055
97794
Produce
, Stock, &c
. of Grenada, in 1836. [B.B. p.
1596.]
Name of the Countv,
District, oi Parish.
X
■2
£ .
<u
00
3 S
Ot3
of Musco-
do Sugar.
3
J2
1
"3
6
«
>5
1
1
S
Town of St. George
77
Parish of St. George
90
1751
398
3631070
108887
73757
3748
14029
7324
" St. John
45
517
194
922819
2.540
9098
9101
1.34306
" St. Mark
29
378
166
882322
29941
19406
3150
113546
" St. Patrick
86
1775
743
5475487
233333
8435
200
5861
St. Andrew
144
2060
681
3657848
146225
8389
263
28991
7536
" St. David
44
910
268
2088.547
774U6
10977
1526
10300
Island of Carriacou
63
732
65
2393470
4642
130116
132944
Total in 1836
578
8123
2515
19051563
516958
260178
17988
301172
153665
Total in 1837
.548
8238
2464
18811371
670761
223968
13651
343308
119792
ST. VlNCKNT.—LOC/MnV— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
Ave rugc prices throughout the ycnr. I lortv '1 rnttli',
H/. t-ach ; horHfH, 'J4/. ; .thl'l'l), I/. |(l.«. ; ^onls, IT).*.;
Rwiiic, 1/. .'i.* ; milk, ■•(/. piT ((imrt ; I'riRh butter,
•J,«. Cil. per il>. ; suit butter, M. per firkin : checHe,
l.«. 'M. per lb. ; wlu'nten briail, lii. ; beef, hJ. ; mutton,
'Jl,; pork, Tx/. ; riee, I/, rLt. per loo lbs.; eofl'ee, 'jd.
per II). ; tea, (i.*. ; Kunnr, refined, Hi/. ; gait, 2s. per
jiusliel ; wine, Madeira, first (piality, ^tCtl, per pipe;
brandy, Xn. per >;all()n ; beer, 5/. .').«. per hogshead ;
toi)aeco, L'/. lOv. per 100 lbs.
ll'ii<:ia/or Ltilionr. — Domestic, II. 5«. per month ;
pnedial, I/, .'..v.; trailes, :>;. fU. I».J
;bs. This diminution has l)een RTftdual, and in flvi
years amounts to .'),7-13,2''i7 lbs,, c()ual l« one-foiulli
nearly of the crop n\ade in 1 m;13. It must be admitf i d
that the previous ell'eets of the cane-lly have had sonic
influence n> the falliiiR off; but it nuist also he borti.
in mind that in IK.I.I and Ih3», the hln^t was at iin
heiRht, and that it was gradually disappearinR in IK\;
and lH3fi; yi't the reduction continues, lor tl»c crnp
of the latter falls olf l,l'J7,C'J.'> llw. The rum and
molasses, made in the same years, we (piote from
the same source, as follows, viz. — IH.I.'i. Mll,oir.
gallons of rum, K) I, O.'iH gallons of molasses. |h:m.
ConHiieneingwith the year rnteeedcnt to the uh"li- I Hl.J,2'.('.» rum. :t'.»2,273 molasses. Ih3&. 7 »'.»,73.'> rum,
tion of slavery, we have the aUM.unt of tlu chief
staple coniiiuHlity of the colony — sugar — as returned
into the Treasurer's ollice, as follows, viz. — IhIKJ
i!l,:)5l,f.:t
2VJ,IHH II
'Ji'fi.lOl nudasses. l«3f>. .lir^ySM rum, ir,((,17H nui-
lasses. 1H37. r.70,7fil rum, aL>3, <Jf,« molasses. V.\
hibiting a dilfcrence on rum of upwards of one tliinl,
lbs. IMIM. i!:i;,r)77,M3 lbs. IHS.'). 20, | and on midasses three- fourths, comparing the yeiiis
I3;tf). ly,051,5fi3 lbs. IK37. IH.Hl 1,371 I 1833 and \Hil.—Uiinada Fire Prvm.
CIIAITKH v.— ST. VINCENT.
U T;
■it I ^'nfi
Skction I. This mo«it beautiful of the Carihbee
Islands, about IH^ miles long, and 1 1 brond, contain-
ing Hj,2H(; acres, is situate in 13. 10. I.I.N. Lat. ;
(iO. 37. •>!. \V. Long, nearly cqui<listantfrumUrcnada
and Hnrbndoes.
II. St. Vincent was discovered by Columbus, du-
ring his third voyage, on the 22d <lay of January, I4'J8,
[St. Vincent's day in the Spanish calendar] ; but it
docs not a|ipear that he took any formal possession of
it ; the native inhabitants, the (laribs, being very nu-
merouf and warlike. In 1672, this island, with Har-
badors, St. Lucia, and Dominica, was included in one
goverinnent, by King Charles II., although no steps
wi re taken to occupy St. Vincent, unless occasional
visits, both by Knglish and French, for the pur])ose
d obtaining wood and water, may be deemed such.
About 1()75, a ship from Guinea, with a cargo of
slaves, was wrecked, ei'her on this island or on Be-
rpiia, and a nundier of the negroes escaped into the
woi.'ils ; these intermingled with the natives, am!
henc", as it is supposed, origi.mted the black Caribs.
In IViy, the French sent over some settlers from
Martinieo, a few of whom succeeded in establishing
themselves in the li'cwanl part of the inland. In
1723, George I. granted th'i island and St. Lucia to
the Diike of Montague, who made a feible attempt to
take possessio'i of it, but his expedition failed ; and, by
the treaty of Aix-la-Chapille, in 17IH, it was declared
neutral, and the niK^i' iit projjrietors left in unmo-
lested possession. T!ie French, however, continued
in their scttlenicnt.s until 1702, when it was taken
by General Monkton and Admiral Hodney ; and in
17'')3, by the peace of Paris, the islar.d was ceded in
perjietuity to (Jreat hritain, without iiiiiiii considera-
tion for the native proprietors. The lands were di-
rected to be sold to defray the cxpi'nses of the war,
and 20,.')38 acres ))roduced \Cr2,M4l. sterling. In
1772, a war with tlie Caribs commenced, which was
terminated by n treaty in 1773, when certain lands
were allotted them. In 1779, the island was taken
by a small body of troops from Murtiiiieo, who were
joined oy the Caribs, which circumstance, coupled
with unfortunate political ditlerences, caused the siu'-
render to be made without a striiggle. The con-
(jucrors, however, made no alteration in ".o govern,
ment, probably contemplating only a temponiry
possession. In PhO the dreadful hurricane occurred,
which destroyi'd the church, aiul a great proportion
of the buildings in the island, besides occasionini;
serious loss to (he planters. St. Vincent was ri'-
stored to CJreat Britain at the general peace in l~<i ;
at which time it contained r>l sugar estates, besldi-s
other small plantations of cotton, coffee, and cocna.
In 179"), the doctrines of liberty and ecpiality, which
prevailed in France, were disseminated in the West
India Islands, through the infernal agency of Victor
Ungues, whose emissaries excited the Caribs, ami
soint of the French inhaliitants, into an insurrectiim,
wliivh continued for upwards of two years. Many
sanguinary contests took place, with various 8ucce>5,
which cannot be detailed within the limits of tlil>
work ; but, ultimately by the judicious measures iii
Sir Ralph Abercrombie, and General Hunter, tiu'
French were subdued, and the Caribs removed t"
Ruattan, an island in the Bay of Honduras. Tin
deva.station occasioned by the I'uemy, cost the pni-
prietors, at least one-third of the value of their pro-
perties ; but uninterrupted tran'piillity has since pre-
vailed, anil the fine tract of land in Charlotte parish,
called the Carib country, consisting of r),000 avus,
has been put into cultivation, and greatly increasid
the prosperity of the island.
In 1«I2, the island suffered from an eruption of |
the Souffrierc volcanic mountain, which had ban
tranquil for nearly a century (from 1 7 1 h.) It was ab<iiit
3,000 feet higli, with a crater half a mile in dianu'ttr,
and ."iOO feet in depth ; in the centre was a conical
hill, 200 feet m diameter, and 300 in height, tin
lower half skirted with luxuriant vegetation, the up-
per with pure virgin sul, "^ur ; varicuis evergreens, I
and aromatic shrubs, covered in exuberant fertility,
the sides of the capacious crater, the interior of whiih |
presented a scene of Alpine seclusion and peaccliil-
ness that can scarcely be imagined. From tk
fissures of the cone, a thin while smoke exuded, i<c:
(•asionally tinged with a light blue flame ; at the hait\
were two small lakes, the one sulphureous and alumi-
nous, the other pure and tasteless. At noon, on tht|
rndual, and in fivt
|iiul to onc-fourtli
t must III' Qtlinittid
-tly Imvi' had soiiu
must also he boriic
he lilii>t WBS nt ilt
snp|H'nrinK •" '^'^ '
iiiufs, lor the iTop
hd. The rum ami
r», we fjuote from
.— 1M3:<. MM.dli",
f m<>la»Hen. I«:tl
Im35. "1'.I,73.'< rum,
rum. If.O.HH nwi.
jfi« molnsseH. V.\
Aards of one thiul.
ompariiig the yeiui
tion in ".c govern-
only n tt'ni|ioriii\
hurricane occurri'il,
J a K^tat proportion
besides occasionini;
it. Vincent was ru
leral peace in \'i<^ ;
igar estates, be^iilis
I, eodoe, and cocoa.
and eipiahty, which
nnted in the West
lal iifiency of Victor
cd the Carit)s, nml
iito an insurrection,
two years. Many
ith various 8uccl•^!,
the Uinits of tln>
icious measures dl
iiirnl Hunter, tin
iirihs removed to
Honduras. Tlic
iny, cost the pii>-
valuc of their |«rn
illity has since pn'-
n Charlotte pari>li,
ing of 5,000 lUTi \
d greatly increa.^il
•om n>i eruption I'l
which had ban
17 1«.) It \vasal)(>ut
a mile in diami'tcr,
entrc was a conical
300 in height, tin
veRctation, the up-
various evergreens
exuberant fertility,
le interior of which |
|ision and peaceful-
ined. From tlit
smoke exuded, (C-
flame ; at the lwirf|
hurcous and aluini-
At noon, on tht I
ST. VINCENT.
'.7th of April, 30 days after tli" disfruction of the
(.'iirraccas, by an cnrtlKpiake, and diirint; the conuiio-
tinns in the vnllies of the Missisippi and of the Ohio.
;\ severe concussion of the earth took place, and u
hliuk column of smoke burst fronj the crater, which
was followed by volumes of fuvillu,', which continued
fur three days. [See Col. Lib. West Indies, vol. ii.]
Tlie frdlowlng is a list of the (iovernors, Lieut.-
(iovernors. Jtc. who have administered the govern-
mcnt of St. Vincent, since the cession of the colony
to (Jreat lUitain. in 17Ci.t:— llri(,'..Gen. 11. Melville,
l'."|i*.-(ien. and (lUV.-in-Chief inandover theSoutliern
ClmrihlH-e Islands of St. Vincent, (irenada, Dominicii,
mill Tobugo, I7''i3 ; Brig. -Gen. W, L. Lcyborne, Gov.
of theSoutliern Chnribbee Islands, as above, 1771 ;
V. Morris, Ksq. Gov. 177'<; K. I,iuc(dn, Kscj. (Jov.
I7K3; J. Seton, Ks(|. Gov. \'hT ; W. lientlnek, Ksij.
Gov. WJx : I). Ottley, Ksq. I'res. I7!»!l; II. W. IWn-
tinck, l';,«(j. I'res. IHOI; Sir G. IWckwith. K.H. (iuv.
\md: 11. I'aul, l';s(|. I'res. 1h()7; Sir C. Ihisbane.
Knight, Gov. IHlii; U. I'aul. F.sq. I'res. lM|f, ; sir
C. IJrislmne, K.C.H.Gov. 1H17; Sir W.J. Strutli.
Knight, I'res. 1H2!»; Right lion. SirG. V. Hill, Hart.
(;ov. IH.U; Capt. (ieorge Tyler, K. II., U.S., |m3L
111. The mountains of St. Vincent are bold, sharp,
ami abrupt in their terminations, with deep intri-
vcning romantic glens, and bound by a lot'ty and
nicky coast. The conniTted chain of high moun-
tains runs from N. to S., clothed with inimense trees,
briaking into submilinatc masses towards the sea, of
II less elevated description, and intersected by deep
ravines in the interior, which gradually widen on the
approach to the shore, and become vallies capable of
cultivation, as they are generally well supplied with
water; this feature is principally descriptive of the
niirth-wi'stern side of the island. The delicious Valley
of Uucament is live miles long and one wide, entirely
open to the sea, with lofty mountains at the upper
part and sides — and throughout the vale a clear and
rapid river. On the N. E. the surface is more level
and less broken, and there is a large tract of land at
the base of the Souttriere mountain, gradually de-
clining towards the sea, which forms an extensive
plain of upwards of 0,000 acres, and is the most pro-
ductive land in the colony. The soil in the vallies is
a rich tenacious loam, and occasionally a line black
mould ; on the higher regions it assumes a more
sandy character, and is less fertile ; the lands adjoin-
ing the Soulirierc are also clay at the bottom, but tlie
siirface liaving been covered with the sand ejected
by the volcano, in 1H12, it presents the feature of a
loose porous supertieies. The character of this island,
Mr. Sliephard thinks, is decidedly volcanic, traces of
strata which have undergone the action of tire, are
visible everywhere, and huge masses of rock, dis-
jilaei'd from their original situations, indicatt; the
powerful agency which alone could have cllected
such a change; there is not a primitive rock in the
island, an opinion which is supported by branches of
tries and other substances, being freqmntly disco-
vered ill large masses of rock ot ronsideroble depths,
which must at one time have been in a state of fusion ;
a remarkable instance is to be seen at the tunnel
at (band Sable.
The famed botanic garden, about a mile from King-
ston, oecniiies 30 acres of ground, in the form of an
uhlong square, the lower part level, but soon becomiii!.'
a gradual ascent until it terminates in a steep hill, a
IvHiitifiil inountaln stream formiii;; its northeni buiiii.
ii:uy, near tbi' upper part of the garden, anil in lli\'
'ciiiie slunilb the Governor's house, couunandin^- a
— GKOGUAPIIV.
ftl
splendlil view — immediately liilow, the capital of the
iilutid — in front of the dei'p blue sra, and the (irenii.
dine isles — in the distance a magnihcent vista, bounded
on each side by a lung and spacious avenue of lofty
forest trees.
The roads on the windward coast ore tolerably
giHid for thirty miles, their track in general Is near tu
the sea-side, except in cases of hi'.>b land, when it is
neces.sary to pass along the indentations of the vallies.
On the leeward coast, for a distance of :^.'t miles, they
are inticli inferior, the hills henig much biglier, the
circuity of the track is proportionally increasi'd ; the
latter are little frefpienled, the passage by seo in
canoes being mure easy and commodious. Tlu high-
ways are kept in repair by the proprietors of the estates
who have adjoining portions allotted them by an Act
of the Legislature, on which they are required to ex-
priid an estimated (piantity of labour, and for which
they are allowed a certain sum from the treasury, on
acirtilieale from the Way wardeiiH of the parish, who
are nominated by the Justices at the February Sessions
in each year.
The ialiind is divided into five parishes, St. George,
Charlotte, St. Andrew, St. David, nml St. Patrick.
Within the first, stands the capital, Kingstown, —
which is sifiinted in 13. H N. I.;it. i,\. 17 VV. Long.,
near the S. W. extremity of the island, about a mile
along the shore of a deep and beautiful bay protected
by a battery on the S., or Cane Garden I'oint, and by
Fort Charlotte on the N. W. which are the chief de-
fences of the island. The fort (distant one mile from
Kingstown, in a direct line, and two miles by the cir-
cuitousiu'ssof theroad), is situated mi a rock above the
level of the sea, and well fortitied, it contains barracks
for fiOO men, and has 31 pieces of artillery of ditlerent
descriptions, besides several outworks, for the pro-
tection of detached buildings.
The road to Fort Charlotte is very steep — so much
so, that in looking from the mess-room windows, the
seo is seen perpendicularly below, with the Island of
Hec(piia and the (ireiiadincs in the distance; — Old
Woman's I'oint, forming the opposite horn of the
Hay of Kingstown and Dorsetshire Hill, about two
miles of gradual ascent to windward from the town of
Kingston, which it overlooks with an imposing aspect.
The garrison was formerly stationed here, but latterly
removed to the opposite promontory, us a more com-
manding site, lierkshire Hill, on which is placed
Fort Charlotte, h a promontory or high projecting
neck of land, overhanging the sea, and nearly perpen-
dicular on t bree of its sidi s. It completely commands
the Town and liay of Kingston, and can be easily
separated from both should it he necessary to cut otf
the intercourse.
The town, behind which the mountains gradually
rise in a semi-circle, terminating at the greatest height
in Mount St. Andrew, consists of three streets, inter-
sected by six others. There are about 300 of the
larger si;ied houses, the lower stories of which arc in
general built with stone or brick, and the upper of
•A'und, with shinglid roofs, while the close adjoining
sugar plantations form (particularly when viewed
•"rom the harbour), a very beautiful prospect. The
public buildings are substantial, but not elegant.
The church is a large heavy brick building, capable of
containing 2,000 persons, it has an excelli'iitly toned
organ, a s|)leiidid chandelier, and very luindsoine pul-
pit, and bishop's throne. The I'xpense.i of this build
ing, which was opened for disine service in l.^.;(i,
ainoinited to iqiwards of 17,000/. ciirreiiey, of which
Government contributed .'i.oon/. sterling, out of tli.'
^
^^,
^>.
^>.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
1^ Uk
1^ 12.2
LU.
1-25 ||.4 ||.6
•« 6"
►
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 873-4S03
-!^<^*%
'^ v.^^
Sf
4i
52
ST. VINCENT.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
1 11
I :,
HM:
purchase money of the Carib lands. The old building
was destroyed by the hurrricane in 1780.
The Court house is built of stone, and contains two
rooms on the upper story appropriated for the sittings
of the Council and Assembly, with two Committee-
rooms; below the Courts of Justice arc held. Here
also are the Public Offices of the Registrar and the
Marshal ; this building stands in front of the Market
Place, and is inclosed with an iron railing ; behind it
the Gaol, the Cage, and the Treadmill are placed. In
the front, close to the sea-side, stand the Market-
House, and the dep6t for the Militia Arms. The
Wesleyan Missionaries have a commodious wooden
Chapel, and the Romanists have commenced a brick
Church.
St. George's parish extends from Kingstown N.
to the river Jambou, and contains 9,337 acres of land
in sugar estates ; it has seven rivers capable of turn-
ing mills. The different ridges in this parish having
been cleared of their wood by the earlier settlers, the
clouds are attracted by the more l.fty mountains in
the interior ; and it has been deemed prudent to pre-
serve the timber on an elevated situation, called the
King's Hill, from future destruction, by an especial
Act of the Legislature.
At three miles from Kingstown is the small town
of Calliagua, consisting of .'iO houses, and 400 inha-
bitants, its chief attraction is the commodious harbour,
and very convenient beach for shipping produce.
There is a singularly insulated rock on the north-
western side, 260 feet above the level of the sea, on
the top of which, Fort Duvernette is constructed; it
ascended by a staircase cut out of the solid stone. On
Dorsetshire Hill there are barracks for troops, but in
such a dilapidated state, as not to be habitable. Some
distance above Calliagua, towards the interior is the
Vigie, (or look out) a very commanding situation.
The different ridges are here concentrated into one
elevation with three conical hills, where the Caribs
fixed their camp. Eastward is the very extensive
valley of Maniaqua, which has only one singular cleft,
or opening, with almost perpendicular sides, through
which the river Jambou flows to the sea. Some per-
sons have conjectured that this valley is an exhausted
crater, which has been thus drained of its waters ;
the position is too low to mairitain this hypothesis,
as the volcanic craters in all the Islands, are situated
on the most lofty mountains.
Charlotte Parish is bounded on the S. by Saint
George's, and northerly by uncultivable lands, it
contains 11,849 acres in cultivation, and that part of
it called the Carib country, which was only partially
settled in 1804, is the most productive in the island.
The southern part consists of a portion of General
Monckton's grant of 4000 acres, which he sold for
30,OOOZ. sterling, and which was subsequently disposed
of in lots by the speculators. This parish is so well sup-
plied with rivers, notwithstanding several were ab-
sorbed at the time of the eruption of the Souffriere,
that all the mills are worked by water ; and the es-
tates are generally larger than in the other parishes.
A tunnel 200 feet long was cut through Mount young,
in 1813, which greatly improved the means of commu-
nication with the newly settled country : and a stu-
pendous work was afterwards undertaken by the
owner of the Grand Sable estate, in cutting another
tunnel through the same mountain, lower down and
nearer the sea, for the convenience of shipping the
produce. The material to be perforated proved to
be stone instead of terrass, as was expected — and
3C0 feet in length were accordingly blasted by
drilling in the solid rock, at an expense of about
5,000i. currency.
St. Andrew's Parish is the first on the leeward side
adjoining the town, it contains 4,096 acres and tlie
vallies being narrower, the estates are small and more
compact, neither is it so well supplied with water, except
in Bucament Valley, which is one of the most exten-
sive and fertile in the island. In this parish is the
small town of New Edinburgh, where the dep6t for
the commissariat stores is erected.
St. Patrick is the next in order, on the western
coast, containing 5,426 acres, with the two small
towns of Layou and Barouallie ; here the land becomes
much more precipitous and difficult of cultivation,
and the fertility decreases.
The last is St. Davit's, containing 4, i98 acres,
whose characteristic features are the same as the
preceding; in Washilabt Valley, and also at the S.
point near to the entraroe of Chateaubelair Bay, are
some fine specimens of basaltes; the vicinity,of the Souf-
friere and other lofty mountains ensures the planters
in this quarter plenty of rain, and the facilities of
shipping produce, compared with the bold eastern
coast, are very great, and reduce the expense and risk
of an estate considerably.
IV. The island stands high in reputation as a
healthy station ; hills and vallies, wood and water in
abundance, are so disposed as to contribute to its
salubrity ; the hills being of a conical shape, there
are no livid surfaces of uncultivated shrubs to harbour
miasm, and be swept down occasionally on the inha-
bitants below with destructive etfect. The vallies
are not deep or filled with jungle and brushwood, im-
pervious to the sun's rays, but the woods being com-
posed of large trees, and growing from the base to the
summit of the mountains, form an agreeable shade,
cooling the breeze as it passes through them. Com-
posed as St. Vincent is, with sloping surfaces, and
gravelly subsoil, there is hardly any flat ground in the
island, and the perpetually flowing streams from the
mountains and hills, while they tend to temper the air,
make the general scene ever verdant and cheerful.
Hurricanes have been severely felt in this island. On
the morning of the 11th August, 1831, St. Vincent
was visited by a severe gale of wind or hurricane,
which did very great injury to the plantations on the
N. and W. sides of the island, destroying the greater
part of the sugar works, and other buildings in the
beautiful vale of the Charaib country, to windward,
as well as at Chateaubelair and other places in the
leeward quarter. Nineteen vessels were driven on
shore in Kingston bay, of which the greater part were
got off in a few weeks, and seven others were totally
wrecked in diff'erent parts of the government. The
gale commenced in Kingstown from the N. shortly
after daylight and went round to the N. W. ; it then
shifted to the S. W., and subsided about one o'clock,
in the afternoon ; but in other parts of the island it
commenced much earlier, and its violence was much
greater. The estimate of the losses, as taken by the
Committees of the Legislature, amounted to 16;?,420/.
There are at the disposal of the Crown in St. Vin-
cent, of land saleable and fit for immediate culture
about 2,500 acres in the N.E. quarter; at the N.
end abnut 500 ; at the N.W. 600 ; and in the interior
of the parishes of St. George, St. Patrick, St. Andrew,
and St. David, 500 ; — in all 4,100, and as much more
remotely situated and difficult of access.
V. The following complete meteorological table,
though given for Kmgstown in St. Vincent, will en-
able the European render to form n general idea of
the climate of the Caribbee islands : —
MONTH.
January . . .
February . . ,
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October . . .
November . . .
December ....
Year
The aborigines
the yellow Caribs,
When St. Vincent
distinct races of m
different origins, ar
plainly corresponde
of the globe. One
cended from the abJ
other tribe were e\
difficulty consists in
introduction. It is
from Guinea carryii
I'orsale, foundered oi
near to St. Vincent,
from the wreck wei
brethren. But this
the island gave thei
strangers, and the r
ture were called Bis
of the primitive cole
hue of their mothe
low stature, the bl
doubly savage race i
which seems like an
At length some di
classes, of which th(
avail themselves, am
of both parties; bu
sent against the Bl
the Yellow Caribs, \
gerous allies with an
promised them to
*ith the impossibil
^ho kept themsclvi
circumstances which
snd violent cnterp
therefore forced to r
able lives : — but the
not prevent their s
luently invited the
them, swearing sine
Kceptcd, and in the
ST. VINCENT.— CLIMATE,
58
;ise of about
: leeward sidu
icres and the
lall and more
water, except
I most exten-
parish is tlip
the dep6t for
the ■western
le two small
land becomes
f cultivation,
4, 1 98 acres,
same as the
ilso at the S.
elair Bay, arc
ty,oftheSouf-
s the planters
e facilities of
bold eastern
Dense and risic
jutation as a
I and water in
tribute to its
1 shape, there
aba to harbour
y on the inha-
The vallies
rushwood, im-
ids being com-
the base to the
rceable shade,
them. Corn-
surfaces, and
ground in the
lams from the
;emper the air,
and cheerful.
lis island. On
St. Vincent
or hurricane,
;ations on the
ig the greater
lildings in the
to windward,
places in the
ire driven on
later part were
s were totally
•nment. The
16 N. shortly
.W.; it then
|t one o'clock,
the island it
ice was much
taken by the
|dtolM,420;.
■n in St. Vin-
\ediate culture
r; at the N.
n the interior
St. Andrew,
:s much more
llogical table,
jcent, will en-
Incral idea of
MONTH.
January .
February .
March . , .
April . . .
May
June
July
August. . .
September
October .
November
December
Year
THERMOMETER.
In King Town.
Lowest.
74^
72
73
74
78
76
78
77
77
78
75
7.3
75:40
Highest.
84 i
85
86
86
87
86^
87
88
89
88
87
85
Monthly
Mean.
78:52
78:06
78:12
79:69
81:. 53
81:19
81:18
81:79
81:10
81:40
80:62
79:81
86:50
80:25
Mean.
1831.
80:01
79:29
79:65
80:14
81:05
81:46
81:16
82:18
81:80
82:26
81:37
79:21
80:80
PI.UVIAMETER.
Quantity of Rain, in inches.
In Kingstown,
1831. 1832.
2:56
1:17
2:97
1:16
8:58
10:70
10:52
11:18
9:35
6:24
13:19
9:84
87:46
2:96
3:96
1:42
3:39
4:53
7:94
9:70
8:56
13:38
9:31
8:62
4:33
78:10
8 miles E. of
Town.
1831. 1832
2:43
0:31
1:53
0:67
6:44
7:47
8:31
6:55
11:29
6:80
8:18
5:25
65:23
1:98
1:84
1:16
3:95
2:76
8:05
5:91
7:46
15:14
8:40
9:68
2:75
69:08
HYGROMETER.
Mean
Temperature
in
Kingstown.
1831. 1832
70:84
70:75
70:25
70:22
69;94
68:68
67:14
67:99
67:93
69:30
69:25
70:25
69:66
69:69
69:39
69:41
67:89
70:40 68:86
The aborigines of the island were undoubtedly
the yellow Caribs, probably emigrants from Guyana.
When St. Vincent was visited by Europeans, two
distinct races of men were discovered ; they were of
different origins, and their appearances and manners
plainly corresponded with those of diflferent portions
of the globe. One of these tribes had evidently des-
cended from the aborigines of the island, those of the
other tribe were evidently intruders, and the great
difficulty consists in accounting fairly and fully for their
introduction. It is supposed that about 1675, a ship
from Guinea carrying out negroes from that country
forsale, foundered on thecoast of Bequia, a small island
near to St. Vincent, and that the slaves who escaped
from the wreck were received by the inhabitants as
brethren. But this was not all, the proprietors of
the island gave their daughters in marriage to these
strangers, and the race which sprang from this mix-
ture were called Black Caribs, having preserved more
of the primitive colour of their fathers, than the lighter
hue of their mothers. The yellow Caribs are of a
low stature, the black are tdl and stout, and this
doubly savage race speak with a degree of vehemence
which seems like anger.
At length some difference arose between these two
classes, of which the French in Martinico resolved to
avail themselves, and as is usual to profit by the ruin
of both parties; but the smallness of the numbers
sent against the Black Caribs, and the defection of
the Yellow Caribs, who refused to supply such dan-
gerous allies with any of the succours which they had
promised them to act against their rivals, together
with the impossibility of coming up with enemies
who kept themselves concealed in the woods, were
circumstances which combined to disconcert this rash
and violent entcrprize ; the Gallic invaders were
therefore forced to reimbark, after losing many valu-
able lives : — but the triumph of the Black Caribs did
not prevent their suing for peace, they even subse-
luently invited the French to come and live with
them, swearing sincere friendship: the proposal was
accepted, and in the year 1719 many of the French
inhabitants of Martinico removed to St. Vincent.
When the French came, they brought their slaves
with them to clear and till the ground; the Black
Caribs, shocked at the idea of resembling persons wIdo
are degraded by slavery, and fearing that in process
of time their own colour, which betrayed their origin,
might be made a pretence for enslaving them, took
refuge in the thickest part of the woods, and in order
to create and perpetuate a visible distinction between
their race and the slaves brought into the island, and
likewise in imitation of the practice of the Yellow
Caribs, they compressed, so as to flatten, the fore-
heads of all their new born infants, and this was there-
after concluded as a token of their independence.
The next generation thus became as it were, a new
race, they gradually quitted the woods, erected huts,
and formed little communities on the coast ; by de-
grees they claimed a portion of the territory possessed
by the Caribs, and having learned the use of fire-arms,
which they procured from the French traders, on
being refused a friendly participation in the landed
property, established themselves as a separate tribe,
elected a chief, re-commenced hostilities against the
Yellow Caribs, and by force brought their adversaries
to terms of accommodation, by which it was agreed
to divide equally the lands situated on the leeward
coast. It happened, however, after this division, that
the Black Caribs experienced a most mortifying dis-
appointment, for most of the new planters from
Europe, and from the French settlements in the West
Indies, landed and settled near the Yellow Caribs,
where the coast is most accessible. This decided pre-
ference occasioned a new war, in which the Yellow
Caribs were always defeated, and at length obliged to
retire to the windward part of the island, some fled
to the Continent, and some to Tobago, the few that
remained lived separately from the blacks, who became
the sole masters of all the lands on the leeward shore,
assumed the right of conquerors, and obliged the
European planters to re-purchase the lands, for which
they had already paid the Yellow Caribs. A French-
man having produced to a Black Carib Chief a deed of
i¥
I'
! .Jl
M
fll
■'A n
If.' > 4
l! K I
54
ST. VINCENT.— POPULATION.
; ' :i
■» ' ''
ffff
l.iL"!
:|
i
land that he had purchased of a Yellow C'arib, was
told he did not know what the paper contained, but
pointing to his own arrow, said if he did not give him
the sum he demanded, he would set fire to, and burn
down his house that very night. Shephard's St.
Vincent.
While these differences were in progress, and while
the French was gradually gaining a footing in the
island, George the first granted it to the Duke of
Montague, who in 1723, sent out a small armament
to take possession, but the English on their arrival
found the French influence under the appearance of
protection so predominant, and the determination of
the natives to admit no Europeans to a permanent
settlement there so fixed, that they were glad to aban-
don their alleged proprietorships; and when the
Duke, at a subsequent period endeavoured to es-
tablish his claim before the Privy Council it was
disallowed.
Notwithstandingthe difficulties created by the Caribs,
the French prevailed by means of continual reinforce-
ments of men and money, and superior skill in agricul-
ture and commercial affairs; so that in less than 20 years,
8(10 whites, and 3,000 black slaves, were employed in
the cultivation of the commodities for exportation,
which yielded a sum equal to 63,625/. sterling. The
expedition which was sent against Martinico in 1762,
under General Monckton and Admiral Rodney, subse-
quently captured St. Vincent, and a war between
the Bricish and Caribs soon followed. The result ol'
several severe contests was (as stated under the general
history of the island) the final subjugation of the
Yellow and Black Caribs, and their deportation to the
number of 5,080 from the island to Ruattan in Hon-
duras Bay, after costing the colonists in expenses and
losses 900,000/. sterling, and a considerable sacrifice
of European life.
VI. The following shews the population of St, Vin-
cent and its dependencies at several intervals : —
The Slave Population from 1817 to 1831 was:-
Increase by
Decrease by
CO
Birth.
Death.
CO
M
<u
ID
V
cn
8
■a
•3
e
"3
■3
E
CO
E
i
t-
S
^
g
o
H
s
^
1817 ..
12743
12475
25218
—
-_
1822 ..
12007
12245
21252
1298
1358
2656
2275
1930
4205
1825 ..
11685
12095
23780
918
934
18.V2
1157
949
2206
1828 ..
11583
12116
23699
939
890
1729
1117
903
2120
1831 ..
11216
11781
22997
919
862
1781
1230
1036
2266
Year.
Negroes
Caribs.
Whites
Colrd.
Slaves.
1735
6000
4000
1764
—
—
2104
—
7414
1787
—
—
1450
300
11853
1805
— ' 1600
450
16500
1812
—
—
1053
1482
24920
1825
—
—
1301
2824
23780
1831
—
—
—
—
22997
1636
Births and Marriages. — United Parishes of St.
George and St. Andrew ; Births, 148; Marriages, 67 ;
Deaths, 144. United Parishes of St. Patrick and St.
David; Births, 64; Marriages, 112; Deaths, 44;
Total, Births, 212; Marriages, 179; Deaths, 188.
The opposite return shews the number of Slaves
for whom Compensation has been claimed, and of the
Number of Claims preferred for such Compensation,
and of the Amount of Compensations awarded in each
of the classes of Pr.tdial-attached, Prscdial-unattached,
and Non-Prjedial. [Parliamentary Return to the House
of Lords, March, 1838.]
VII. The Church in Kingstown having been de-
stroyed in the hurricaneof 1780, the present structure
was finished in 1820, and an Act was passed for
the building of churches in the different parishes,
each of which is supplied with a minister.
>
c3 J3
a
o
Classes.
No. of
slaves in
each class.
Compensa-
tion value of
each class.
927
268
7622
5605
.£'37053
10769
9960
273518
123496
23
22
21
268
178
908
842
543
9560
3847
112
102
4859
2785
2»7
136
10000
3769
953
I25S
34624
28169
2963
32235
1189
3828
Total.
Heart People ..
Tradesmen ....
Inferior ditto . .
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto . .
Head People. . . .
Tradesmen ....
Inferior ditto . .
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto .
Head Tradesmen
Inferior ditto ..
Head P. e..iploy
ed on wliarfs,
shipping, or
other avoca-
tions . . .
Inf. People ditto
Head Domestic
Servants ....
Infr. Domestics
Children under
six years ol
age on the 1st
August, 1834..
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
non-effective
Number of claims haviiiA' reference to each diviHun
Prscdial attached, 147; Prajdial unattached, 83: Non
priedial, 708.
No. of Slaves,
14797.
Amount
^£'454806.
No. of Slaves,
512.
Amount
£15700.
No. of Slaves,
2805.
Amount
i'8420i).
United Paris
of St. Geo
& St. Audi
United Parisl
of St. Patr
ai.d St. Da\
Nc
of Pris
u
a
/•
Male
Fn
1828 224
1829 239
"
1830 257
1
IMl* 88
1
1832 231
f
18331314
\A
183(;
808
45
ontinual reinforce-
ior skill in agriciil-
1 less than 20 years,
were employed in
IS for exportation,
151. sterling. The
Martinico in 1762,
iral Rodney, subse-
id a war between
ed. The result of
d under the general
ubjugation of tlie
deportation to the
Ruattan in Hon-
its in expenses and
nsiderable sacrifici'
)ulation of St. Vin-
il intervals : —
by
o
420,')
220C
2120
2266
" Total.
1
Sf, "1 No. of Slaves,
Z L 14797.
Z f Amount
'g Jtr454806.
"^ No. of Slaves,
„„ 1 Amount
l^ £15700.
59 '
85
10
14
No. of Slaves,
2805.
Amount
£8420!).
to each divWin
.tlachetl, 83 : Nil"
/
ST. VINCENT.— RELIGION— EDUCATION— CRIMES AND GOALS.
Return of the Number of Churches, Livings, &c. of St. Vincent in I83fi. [B. B.]
55
Name of the Parish,
in what County
•2 a
of Living.
1-
11
f persons
lurch will
otain.
r persons
lerally
nding.
No. of persons
the chapel will
contain.
f persons
lerally
■nding.
ler Protes-
>r Roman
lolic.
or District.
Popu
each
Value
^''^
No. o
the cl
CO
Whetl
tant c
Cat
United Parishes of
St. George and
about
St. Andrew . *
12000
about
rf659
one
2000
Ooo
300
200
Protestant
Charlotte Parish .
8000
^^349
one
House
No church,
a private
No chapels.
United Parishes of
rented
building
3 private
St Patrick and
about
by the
rented,
houses,
generally
St. David . t
3500
colony
about 400.
crowded
450
crowded
Protestant
Beqiiia and the
about
about
Grenadines . t
2700
je'300
one
250
150
no
ne
* Tliere are In these parishes three dissenting places of worship, t There are about 12 acres of
arable, and as many not, attached to the parsonage house. There are two dissenting places of worship
at St. Patrick, and one at St. David, t The parsonage house is very much out of repair.
By the Act 6th Geo. IV. c. 88, amended by the 7th
Geo. IV. c. 4. the We.st Indian Islands were divided
into two Sees. The salaries of the Bishops payable
out of the 4i per cent, duties are 4,000/. sterling
each, with a provision for a retiring pension of 1,000/.
after a service of ten years ; and the sum of 4,300/. is
at the disposal of the Bishop of Barbadoes, for the
maintenance of Ministers, Catechists, and School-
masters in the Diocese, with a limitation that no
Minister's salary is to exceed 300/. sterling.
VIII. Schools, &c. of St. Vincent, in 1836. [B.B. for 1836, p. 127.]
Name of Parish,
and in what
County or Dis-
trict.
United Parishes
of St. George
& St. Andrew
United Parishes
of St. Patrick
ai.d St. David
Public or Free
School, and
where situated
Free school,
situated in the
town of Kings
town.
2 in St. David's
in Chateau,
Bellaire.andat
Mome. 4 in
St. Patrick's,
at Barronallie
and at Layne.
Salary of
Schoolmaster
or Schoolmrs.
schoolmaster
£86.
schoolmistress
£52.
Six Masters-
three receiving
£60 each, one
£20, one £1 5,
and one £10
■am
161
Mode of
Instruc-
tion.
If supported by Go-
vernment or volun-
tary contributions,
and amount of each.
Nationl,
Bell's
and the
Inf. sch.
system.
Govern. |Vol. Con,
£100 stg.
from the
Colony.
£120.
£100.
£45.
Expenses of
each School.
About £190.
This includes
the expense of
an Inf. school.
Remarks.
There are
also in tliis
Colony 16
private
schools.
IX. Prisoners of St. Vincent throughout the Year. [B. B.
Colonial Office.]
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
CO
Q
1
Male
Fm
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.Totl.
Male] Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
1828 224
73
297
223
72
295
1
1
221
72
293
3
1
4
1
1829 239
73
312
236
73
309
236
73
309
3
3
1830 257
78
335
18
1
19
228
75
303
10
10
169
62
231
3
3
1
1831* 88
18
106
17
17
64
17
81
7
1
8
6
1
7
1
1
2
1832 231
67
298
15
15
206
63
269
8
2
10
216
67
283
15
15
183,St314
142
4,'i6
5
I
6
309
141
450
309
141
450
1,S36
808
457
1265
14
3
17
778
452
1230
16
2
18
614
412
1026
125
37
162
1
* This is a return only for one prison, the others not being procurable,
t No Returns for 1834 and 1835, and for 1833 only the last four monlhsof the year.
illi£ij!ffi:
"i:r 'I
.'iC
ST. VINCENT.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
X. Tlie Government of the Island, is in the Go-
vernor, Council and Assembly, the former is Chancel-
lor, Ordinary and Vice Admiral. His duties are regu-
lated by instructions from Her Majesty, which are
said to have been originally framed in the time of
Charles II. for the Island of Jamaica, and have been
adopted for the other Islands ; to these may be added
His Majesty's Proclamation of the 7th of October,
1763, which may be called the foundation of the
insular constitution, by this authority the general as-
semblies are summoned, and the powers of enacting
laws, as near as may be to the laws of England, are
given, the authority for erecting Courts of Judicature,
with the liberty of appeal, is also recognised in this
document, which was promulgated after the treaty
of Paris.
The Council consists of twelve Members, five or
six of whom are usually named in the Governor's
Commission, and the remainder supplied by the
recommendation of the Governor, or by mandamus ;
five in number constitute a board, and when the
original number is reduced to seven, the Governor
has the power of nomination to supply the vacancies.
The council sit in two capacities. Privy and Legis-
lative, in the former the Governor presides, in the
latter the senior member, under the title of President,
on whom also the temporary Government devolves
on the absence, or death of a Governor. Since the
appointment of a Bishop, he has been sworn in ex-
officio a member in Council in all the Islands compos-
ing his diocese, and where the date'of his appointment
has preceded that of a Governor, he is also Ordinary.
The Assembly consist of nineteen members, three
for each of the five parishes, two for the town of
Kingstown, and the like number for the Grenadines ;
the qualification of Members for the Parishes and
Islands, is HO acres of land in cultivation, or produc-
ing an income of 3001. currency a year, and for the
town, a house of the yearly value of lOOl. ; the titles
of the candidates to their property must appear to
have been registered in the office twelve months, ex-
cept in cases of wills, and conveyance of property
executed in Great Britain. Electors must have a free-
hold of ten acres, or a house in Kingstown of twenty
pounds yearly value, or of ten pounds elsewhere,
registered in like manner. Elections take place under
the authority of a writ issuing from the Governor
and Council, on an application from the Speaker, to
the Provost Marshal General, and the whole regula-
tions, on this subject, are prescribed by an Act of the
Legislature, which passed in 178G; these three
branches assimilate their proceedings as near as pos-
sible to those of Great Britain ; their meetings are
quarterly, and the Acts that are passed proclaimed by
the Marshal, and enrolled in the Registrar's Office.
These Acts may be divided into three classes, the first
temporary and purely colonial, which take efiFect im-
mediately on their publication ; the second, such as
have a clause annexed suspending their operation
until Her Majesty's pleasure be known ; and the third,
the permanent laws, which if not confirmed in two
years from their enactment, are to be considered as
disallowed. In strictness the Governor is not allowed
to pass any law, repealing one which may have re-
ceived the royal approbation, without a suspending
clause ; but this in the cases of the old laws, has been
frequently overlooked. The Attorney- General has a
salary of ,500/. currency per annum, which is in part
given to him for framing the bills, which may be
required, but he is not obliged to introduce them to
either house, and a considerable difficulty has fre-
quently occurred from the want of an accreditrd
person, as the organ of Government, who might intro-
duce the measures proposed by the crown through the
Colonial Secretary to either house. At present the
Governor communicates by letters with the Presidniit
and Speaker, but no member is intrusted with tlio
charge of carrying any bills through the different
stages prescribed by the Legislature.
The supreme court for civil causes is called the
Court of Queen's Bench and Common Pleas, where
the Chief Justice presides ; his salary is 2,000/, cur-
rency. There are three other Assistant Justices, who
are not professional persons, and act without any
salary. This court holds its sittings for the trial of
causes once in every month, from March to August,
when executions for debt can be obtained in about
ten weeks, from the entering day. The proceedings
are regulated by a Court Act. The Court of Sessions
for the trial of criminal offences is held twice a year.
The Chief Justice is President, and the Members of
Council and Judges sit according to seniority. The
Court of Error for appeals from the Queen's Bench and
Common Pleas, is composed of the Governor and
Council. The Governor is also sole Chancellor, and
from these two last Courts an appeal lies to her Ma-
jesty in Council.
The Registration of real property is requisite, and
the deeds of conveyance must be acknowledged either
personally, or by attorney, before the Registrar. The
Provost Marshal General executes an office corres-
ponding to that of Sheriff, and inquests are regularly
held by the Coroner in all necessary cases.
The commerce of the Island is regulated by the
officers of Her Majesty's Customs ; a Collector, Comp-
troller, and three Waiters constitute the establish-
ment ; the regulations of trade have been much sim-
plified, and amended of late years, by the repeal of
several hundred Acts, and consolidating their provi-
sions under six or eight distinct heads. The fees on
shipping are now abolished, and the salaries of the
officers are defrayed from the dutiable articles im-
ported from foreign ports.
The Militia consists of all the free inhabitants be-
tween the ages of eighteen and fifty-five, as follows :
Southern Regiment — 1 Colonel ; 1 Lieut.-Colonel ;
1 Major ; 8 Captains ; 1 ) Lieutenants ; .O Ensigns ;
1 Adjutant ; 1 Quarter Master ; 1 Surgeon ; 8 Staff
Sergeants; 28 Sergeants; 7 Drummers; 479 Rank
and File. Northern Regiment — 1 Colonel; 1 Major;
4 Captains ; 3 Lieutenants ; 3 Ensigns ; 1 Adjutant ;
1 Quarter Master ; 1 Staff Sergeant ; 6 Sergeants ;
162 Rank and File. Queen's Company — 1 Major;
2 Captains ; 2 Lieutenants ; 2 Ensigns ; 1 Adjutant ;
1 Quarter Master ; 2 Surgeons ; 3 Sergeants ; 1 Drum-
mer; 90 Rank and File. Bequia Company — 1 Cap.
tain ; 1 Lieutenant ; 1 Ensign ; 1 Surgeon ; 2 Ser-
geants ; I Drummer ; 34 Rank and File. "Troop of
Cavalry — 1 Major; 1 Captain ; I Lieutenant; 1 Ensign;
1 AdjutE nt ; 1 Surgeon ; 2 Drummers ; 20 Rank and
File. Total— 2 Colonels; 1 Lieut.-Colonel; 4 Ma-
jors; 16 Captains; 18 Lieutenants; 12 Ensigns; 4
Adjutants ; 3 Quarter Masters ; 5 Surgeons ; 9 Staff-
Sergeants ; 39 Sergeants ; 1 1 Drummers ; 785 Rani;
and File. Grand Total 909. These assemble for
exercise once in every month, at the different stations
in the island. The legislature has endeavoured to
keep up an effective force of white persons by re-
quiring the planters to keep one white person for
every fifty slaves, under a penalty of 50/. for each
deficiency.
The garrison of British regulars for the protection of
ST. VINCKNT.— FINANCE.
r.?
of an accredited
who might intro-
Town through the
. At present the
vith the President
itrusted with the
jgh the different
ises is called the
mon Pleas, where
iry is 2,000/. cur-
tant Justices, who
act without any
gs for the trial of
March to August,
obtained in about
The proceedings
Court of Sessions
held twice a year,
d the Members of
to seniority. The
Queen's Bench and
the Governor and
e Chancellor, and
eal lies to her Ma-
y is requisite, and
:knowledged either
he Registrar. The
3 an office corres-
uests are regularly
y cases.
; regulated by the
a Collector, Comp-
tute the establish-
ve been much sini-
s, by the repeal of
lating their provi-
eads. The fees on
the salaries of the
liable articles im-
ee inhabitants be-
•five, as follows:
Lieut.-Colonel ;
ants ; .'i Ensigns ;
Surgeon ; 8 Staff
nmers; 479 Rank
Colonel ; 1 Major ;
igns; 1 Adjutant;
int; 6 Sergeants;
pany— 1 Major;
jns; 1 Adjutant;
irgeants ; I Drum-
lompany — 1 Cap-
Surgeon ; 2 Ser-
File. Troop of
itenant; 1 Ensign;
irs ; 20 Rank and
Colonel ; 4 Ma-
12 Ensigns; 4
lurgeons ; 9 Staff-
imers; 785 Rank
ese assemble for
different stations
endeavoured to
;e persons by re-
'bite person for
of 50/. for each
: the protection of
the Island, since the peace has been reduced to one
wing of a regiment, with a few artillery men, riurinq;
the war two regiments were the complement, which
tlic Government undertook to furnish, in considera-
tion of the as«istnncc that was given by the Colony nt
(lillcrcnt periods, towards building the forts and
barracks, and of maintaining the roads thereto at the
public expense of the colony.
The Police is excellent, especially in the toivn o*'
Kingstown ; it is regulated by three Town \Vardrns
who are annually appointed, and a Chief Constable,
with very extensive powers; the tread-mill affords an
efficient mode of punishment, heretofore unknown in
St. Vincent.
The dependencies within the Government of St.
Vincent, are the islands of Becpiia, ;<,700 acres, with
a very fine harbour, called Admiralty Bay; Union,
2,150 acres; Mustique, 1,203; and Canonan, 1,777
acres. There arc also the lesser i:ilands of Balliceaux
and Battawia, Myera, Petit St. Vincent, Islet a Quatre,
Isle of Wash, Church Island, Petit Nevis, Three Ra-
niiers, Pillorie?, Savan, Pel it Uermiidii, Pc^it Caitniian,
Barbaroiix Island, or Petit Ciirnc()a,Tw() Taffia Quays,
Two Baleiiies, Two Catholics, Prune Island, Pour
Tobago Quays, Umbrella Quay and Petit Martini(|ue.
The cultivation in all these islands is very much reduced,
from the woods having beciifut <l()wn, and the conse-
quCTit decrease of rain ; the sens abound with fish ;
many whales make their appearance in February and
March, and the air is remarkably fine ard salubri-
ous.
XI. The revenue of the island raised by an annual
tax act, by which assessments on all the staple com-
modities of the island are made, and a ])roportionatc
per centage on the incomes of merchants and other
persons, which a poll tax on unattached slaves; Com-
missioners to carry the act into execution, are named
for each parish, and the returns are directed to be
given in to the Treasurer in January, from whence
the rates are calculated according to the estimated
expences of the island, and sid)initted to the As-
seiiibly.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue and Expenditure of St. Vincent in Sterling Money.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
Revenue.
Produce Tax
.
5549
6726
3122
8934
3153
4860
518y
3H03
4131
2443
Income Tax
•
611
787
423
1318
.527
626
2007
128:)
1329
710
Miscellaneous .
£
9225
8694
3747
.5206
768
414
3000
5057
1838
9139
Total
1,5385
16207
7292
1.5458
4448
6900
10196
10142
7298
12!iH2
Expenditure.
Salaries to Police
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
.399
500
913
1221
Salaries to Public Officers
5168
6324
5735
4673
6252
5955
3246
3570
3r;73
4276
Annuitants
^
188
222
256
280
290
219
170
231
173
225
Repairs of Public Roads,
&c.
4076
3046
3027
1660
2026
1252
, ,
51
93
61
Accounts against the Public
. .
. .
4000
3'^9S
3205
561'3
Miscellaneous .
£
3747
2700
1928
8224
438
890
60
1704
••
78
Total
13179
12292
10946
14837
9008
8455
7877
9954
8089
11554
The local revenues of St. Vincent amount to 634i. for 1836.
Cnmmisunriat. — The expenditure by England was
for commissariat and ordnance, thus : Provisions and
Forage received from England, 3,137/. ; Purchased in
the Command, 4,258/. ;= 7,395/.
Fuel and Light received from England, 130/. ;
Purchased in the Command, 511/. ; = 641/.
Miscellaneous Purchases, 1/.; Transport, 745/.;
Pay of Extra Staff, (included under the head of Ordin-
aries, from the 1st April 1836, the payments of the
Commissariat and Ordnance excepted) 173/,; Mili-
tary Allowance.^, 751/.; Special Services, 33/. ; Con-
tingencies, 147/.; Ordnance, 2,277/.; Ordinaries,
7,277/.; Pay of Commissariat Officers, 510/.; Total
19,9.J2/. ;
Deduct Re-payments — Commissariat, 264/.; Ord-
nance, 425/. ;— 689/. Nett Charge 19,263/. (From
B. B. for 1836, page 46.]
Ordnance Department. — [B. B.] Subsistence Royal
Artillery, 683/.; Artillery Department, 29/. ; = 7l'2/.
Subsistence Royal Engineer.', 120/.; Pay Clerk of
Works, 237/. ; Works and Repairs (Ordnance) 92/. ;
Repairs of Barracks, 541/. ; = 990/. ; Storekeeper's
Expenditure, 418/.; Pay of Barrack Master and Ser-
jeant, 229/.; Barrack Master's Expenditure, 220/.;=
867/. Totar2,569/.
The expenditure of the Island, from the Treasurer's books, was, in currency —
1806 £16433
1807 28.536
1808 22504
1809 16158
1810 19868
1811 212."i3
1812 £19583
1813 24123
181.1 22036
IS I. I 18633
1816 24250
1817 22133
1818..
. . £37858
1824..
. . £38034
1819..
.. 85126
1825..
. . 23134
1820..
. . 39710
1826. .
.. 36173
1821..
. . 18130
1827..
. . 32327
1822..
.. 37712
1828, .
.. 31671
1823..
,. 29908
1829..
.. 2,-i361
m
»4l
il
I
ST. VINCENT.— COMMERCE— MONETARY SYSTEM— WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
IMPORTS AND SHIPIMNO OF ST. VINCENT.
Great Britain.
West
Indies
North America.
United States.
Foreign States,
Total.
Years.
Val. £
Vnl.;*' No.
Tons.
Val. J?
Val.j*
No.
Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
1
Val.rfl
No.
Tons.
No.
200
Tons.
Men.
1822
02000 38
8A44
18400
34800
107
10086
2500
6
794
10000
49
2270
158300
21794
1440
1324
101 lOU ,M)
l.tOfil)
16000
29000
88
7266
31900
42
4923
11100
43
4923
1 89600
229
211220
ISQU
IH27
8!»2:).'i (il
16070
38158
37758
150
12852
22612
114
,5528
18776 1
325
34150
IH28
871117 S!)
1.1711
17476
45430
149
16-14
. .
28092
160
8531
178135
368
40956 2492
1829
84513 5y
lli.'i'io
3ll6l
41706
210
15057
, ,
27922
125
6104
185303
394
376HI
2872
)8.'ll)
:,7]M :i6
1034fi
25088
43282
245
16127
. .
22S0I
104
5532
148307
3H5
32295
2775
1H»I
!)fi35() Ifl
13186
619.V2
41005
294
17069
53562
106
7740
252875
446
38295
3000
18^2
101283 39
11624
46996
26S76
251
1,5624
, .
44768
102
1»777
219924
392
37025
2789
i8:i:)
(iiOfi!) 31
10143
43101
39001
•iOH
13622
21767
7«
5445
16.'>939
318
29210
2275
I8;i4
70!):.3 41
12537
31505
31836
167
II617
22138
66
534(1
156133
•.^77
29194
2102
I83r>
733.'i(> 34
948(1
26807
34340
158
11855
, ,
19316
53
4304
1531)40
345
25655
I8U3
18»6
777a3 38
9558
27678
27216
184
10062
••
21689
;•«
4484
134307
296
24104
2145
Fium Elsewhere in 1824, sool.
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF ST. VINCENT.
w
1822
1824
1827
1828
1829
1830
1H31
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
410800
51
13.565
8200
220()()
971
37250(1
49
12450
146(10
l6.>00 9a|
426829
54
1423H
28474
19529
163
733506
58
16906
20171
138889
207
433964
51
14081
23901
22389
255
263347
45
12732
37564
34597
292
219302
37
IO98I
31758
28129
348
212036
33
9325
30717
33341
263
267732
40
11239
18023
13546
259
381:673
38
11074
I7IO9I 18825
205
,307413
36
10704
8424| 17431
198
331843
40
10187
20559
14721
259
6,?97| 1100
6505,14000
12291 ..
130371 ..
16726
17735
2026()
16543
15113
12953
1.3268
11262
306
597
4993
To Elsewhere in 1824, 1200/.
12900
68
3678
455000
221
24413
5600
49
2756
424100
232
26644
6804
116
5605
481637
333
32134
5369
144
6243
897(135
409
36 186
1323
114
6821
481579
420
37628
2536
91
3588
338045
328
34055
. .
76
5635
279 189
461
36786
9359
86
79O8
285454
382
33776
2208
63
5171
301511
362
31523
1742
48
3917
424350
291
27944
1833
40
3317
335102
274
27289
26I8
C7
4240
370049
326
26689
1 807
1794
2980
2982
2763
3031
2692
2501
2087
1972
2352
Statement of the quantity and value in sterling
money of various articles of merchandize exj.orted
from the colony of St. Vincent during the year 1834.
Arrow root, 62,100 lbs. value 3,014/.; cocoa, colo-
nial, .'),4f)0 lbs., 117/.; copper, old, 7,717 lbs., 187/.;
cotton wool, colonial, 102,000 lbs., 1,868/.; fruit,
value 31/.; hides, number 171, 106/.; molasses,
382,880 gallons, 28,023/. ; spirits, rum, 278,78,5 gal-
lons, 1C,309/. ; spirits, shrub, 47,') gallons, 43/. ; suc-
cades, value 274/.; sugar, colonial, 24,601,168 lbs.
256,806/.; tortoiseshell, 12 lbs., 12/.; wine, 263 gal-
lons, 179/.; wood, value 72/. ; miscellaneous articles,
210/. Total, 307,2,') 1/.
In 1834, the value of the imports was 384,387/.
stg. The value of the exports, in 1832, was 2.').5,343/.,
of which sugar was 21,<J17,0.')0 lbs., value 200,4.")4/, ;
rum, 369,877 gallons, value 26,698/. ; molasses,
391,190 gallons, valuo 21, .194/.
XIII. Current value of coins in circulation within
this government. Silver Cows. — Spanish dollar, lO.v.,
half dollar, .Is.; Carolus, 2*.; Pistareen, Is. (nl.;
Quarter Colonial coin, 4 dwts. 9 grains 2s. Gd. ; En-
glish shilling, 3 dwts. 16 grains 2s. 3^.
Gold Coins. — Doubloon 1 7 dwts. 8 grs. 1 6 dol. £8
Half do. 8 — 16— 8— 400
Guinea 5 — 8 — 44 5ths 2 8
Sovereign .5 — 3i — 43 tiths 2 (i U
Copper Coins. — English penny-piece and stainpee,
2j(<. each; ditto, halfpenny, Ijii. ; dog, lid.
The gold coins in circulation arc exclusively Spanish
and Portuguese, the Doubloon at the value of sixteen
dollars with the aliquot parts in proi)ortion ; the
Johannes pass by weight at 9 shillings the penny-
weight ; formerly this coin was the most common
throughout the islands, each Colony mutilating their
own by plugs and various marks, to prevent exjjorta-
tion ; from these practices the coin became so deteri-
orated, that in 1818 it was called in at a considerable
loss, and Doubloons came into more general circula-
tion. The silver coins are the dollar which passes at
10 shillings currency, and Colonial coins of one -fourth,
one-eighth and one-sixteenth : the British silver occa-
sionally forms part of the commissariat issues, from
which source nearly all the bullion of the country
arises, but it is speedily collected by the merchants
for remittances to Europe, and is therefore of little
benefit as a general circulating medium ; the English
copper money, and Colonial coin, named Stampees
and Black Dogs, complete the catalogue. The sterl-
ing value of the dollar being four shillings and four
pence, gives 230/. 10-13ths, as the currency value of
loo/. The exchange in 1836 was generally 235/. cur.
(470 dollars) = 100/. stg. There is no paper currency
in the island, and the amount of coin in circulation is
not ascertainable.
The following enumeration of the fruits, esculents,
&c. in season throughout the year will demonstrate
the great variety of vegetable food which our West
Indian islands afford : —
' January. — Sappadillos, pomegranates, papaws,
sour-sops, plantains, okros, peppers, cocoa-nuts,
pigeon or angola peas, sweet potatoes, yams, Creole
ditto, tanias, cotton. February. — Sappadillos, sour-
sops, chicou. Mareh. — Sappadillos, sour-sops, gra-
nadillos, custard apples, guavas, plantains, cerasees,
Ceylon ditto, sweet potatoes, yams. April. — Sap-
padillos, Java plumbs, mangoes, mamme-sapotas,
pine-apples, Otaheite gooseberries, Jamaica plumbs,
cerasees, Ceylon ditto, bread-fruit, silk cotton, galba-
seeds for fences. May. — Sappadillos, mangoes, gra-
nadillos, water-Melons, cashews, pine-apples, Otaheite
gooseberries, Jamaica plumbs, Ceylon cerasees, silk
cotton. June. — Mangoes, Java plumbs, Jamaica ditto,
cashews, Ceylon cerasees, pigeon peas, (nearly out of
season) cloves. Jidy. — Mangoes, mamme-sapotas,
granadillos, cashews, avocado pears, cerasees. Au-
f^ust. — Mangoes, mamme-sapotas, avocado pears, hog
plumbs. September. Sugar-apples, sea-side grapes,
granadillos, hog ])luinbs, pompicns, Portuguese yams,
tanais. Oetobcr. — Sugar-apples, guavas, seaside
u
i
t"
M
Lbs.
1828
313229
1829
280151
1830
288052
1831
244545
1832
213478'
1833
235099.
1834
253204(
1835
228291.
1836
21581 U
1837
SURES.
rotal.
20(1
4lfl
:i!»2
:iiH
•277
:ns
21)6
Tons.
Men.
21704
■2II22H
4II!)A6
;i7fl8i
■.Vi-2\)!,
;iH2!)5
;t7(i2S
2U2II)
2iM!)
2Sfi5;
24104
1440
isgu
241)2
2«72
2775
300(1
27S<)
227.'>
2102
IHU:t
2145
24413
2fifi44
32 134
36lH(i
37fi2K
34055
3678fi
33776
31523
27944
274 1 272K9
326 266uy
221
232
333
40!)
420
32H
461
382
362
29
1807
1 794
2980
2982
2763
3031
2692
2501
2087
1972
2352
coins of one-fourth,
British silver occa-
isariat issues, from
on of the country
by the merchants
therefore of little
dium ; the English
, named Stampees
logue. The sterl-
shillings and four
currency value of
encrally 235/. cur.
no paper currency
in in circulation is
le fruits, esculents,
[r will demonstrate
il which our West
^ranatcs, papaws,
hpers, cocoa-nuts,
itoes, yams, Creole
l-Sappadillos, sour-
Is, sour-sops, gra-
llantains, cerastes,
Ims. Jpril. — Sap-
mamme-sapotas,
Jamaica plumbs,
[silk cotton, galba-
los, mangoes, gra-
lie-apples, Otahcitc
['Ion cerasees, silk
libs, Jamaica ditto,
^as, (nearly out of
mamme-sapotas,
hs, cerasees. Ju-
Ivocado pears, hog
k, sea- side grapes,
I Portuguese yams,
guavas, seaside
ST. VINCENT.— STAPLK PROnUCTS, PRICKS AND PROPERTY.
;;r(ipes, avocado pears, Portuguese yams, colfce.
Siiranihi'r. — Uranadillos, eliieou, okros, pejipcrs,
bread-fruit, colfee. Ihrcmlwr. — Sappa<till()a, sour-
sop^, guavas, granudillos, swi'ct cerasees, pigeon peas,
okroK, peppers, sorrel, yams, cotton.'
XIV. Tiie following shews the quantities of staple
produce of St. Vincent and its dependencies from
IHdl to 182y, and the number of negroes in the
island.
69
■J
(U
I
j No,
1801 17342
180.' 174H4
1X113 17441
1H04, 20294
180.1: lyw?
It<0f)49<i72
1807;2052.')
1808,20977
1809 207.'').^)
181020620
18lll20fi02
18r.'20.')44
1813,20428
18I4|20SH8
181.')j20«33
181620.573
1817|209fil
181820817
1819|20748
182020r)82
182I|20362
1822'20380
1823'20077
182412013.')
182;');2002.5
182f)49889
1827ll9833
1828,iy8fi3
1829,19003
S,
hhds.
3
pun
pun
1492
1322
17f)99 870:
19317,9012;
18371|8929!lll9
1723r>|H804|lCfiO
20981|9332|28.")1
20224|834I|34.'')4
1913.'>j8102 290
■ "■ 2470
1388
1441
1981
1078
.')34
14r.7
1732
22 If.
244,5
20,53
2123
10631:8873 2231
1833l|9797i427.5
19.596,9030,8118
17534 4778 7.572
1 8.549,. 5321
19073,8518
19186^9309
1012717591
17059,8519
15872,8740
10100|9383
17377,9329
17917|918l
19721 1 8985
18642,8042
19430,9072
20271 5074
19591,5056
8712
6461
5570
18340,6205; 7090
21160,0027 3973
18670j0542i43CO
1
U
lbs.
11)3.
12400
5510
13()kO
1681
8904
2142
14650
3745
27295
8718
30809
11651
12992
3979
21978
10575
13713
4297
14049
5162
6998
9785
9170
9430
10473
12160
15989
10971
8243
11628
11052
10744
7947
11769
10020
13285
7857
14053
95.53
9120
13743
23110
8707
19209
6990
20173
10103
13201
1873
18434
2572
12216
o
bales.
890
1493
1150
777
1112
997
847
638
609
742
016
448
021
291
500
139012
250
402
001
044
628
410
533
251
309
237
The figures from 1801 to 1819, I derive from the
official account published at St. Vincent in 1819;
from 1820 to 1829, Mr. Shephard's History of St.
Vincent is my authority. The following is from the
Blue Books at the Colonial office.
Produce of St. Vincent. [B. B.]
3
%
1
■3
c %
IH
8
a
»"
tt>
«
s
■<«
u
u
u
Lbs.
Galls.
Galls.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
1828
31322926
765672
705704
2000
1866
17384
95941
1829
28015112
771952
433531
21250
2572
12216
87709
1830
28805271
90!)4fi!)
341367
16850
1672
9989
100965
1831
24454550
6570()y
436025
3763
1260
7861
55597
1832
21347828
410646
474815
250
356
538
62101
1833
2350!)()35
350429
641649
5552
630
1005
60263
1834
25320408
463039
637694
25626
159
2197
90734
1835
22829153
480117
398275
41397
319
5876
40931
1836
21581196
363522
493052
49369
535
7721
59411
1837
w,
J r- f X t- -M
t-
in
en to t^ ta 0% ri
en
•:: CO » .c f —
HM
m
<r vc 3^ X '.>l
f
60
c 00 ^1 lO t- vc
CO
en
X t ■>! f en 01
en
3 .n -. -< «
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"O -T — — — —
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A
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i-H
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tf
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— D lO X
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— ^7 1- -f •':
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in
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1-
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"5 m -T d
1^
7.
en 3> -f — CI
£ X t — in 1-
1^
c CI — . en en
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"• x in — 1 n
•M
-t
c^ X i~ ^ m
en
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-t
<c CI ci —
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r* ^ 4^ '*-> '^
13
.£! t! .5 S
«i .*i ■.= .t: 4J
3
a
es m ." M -a
a
&H -oj s :^ „
a
1
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TO QJ
H
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-CJ 4J 4J 4J jj Ij
U cfi c/j c« Ol
^ 4J *J *J 4-J ,t
M 73 M MCS
■1£8I
•f^SI
Produce of St Vincent in 1836. [L .1 -In Char-
lotte Parish 7,906,712 pounds of sug- ; 104,932
gallons of rum; 127,135 gals, of molasses; 7,500
pounds of arrow root; 1,520 pounds of cocoa.
St George's Parish 7,038,993 pounds of sugar;
110,294 galls, of rum; 144,027 galls, of molasses;
3,700 pounds of arrow root ; 360 pounds of cocoa.
St. Andrew's Parish 2,524,033 pounds of sugar;
35,082 galls, of rum; 71,008 galls, of molasses;
3,000 pounds of arrow root.
St. Patrick's Parish 1,564,753 pounds of sugar;
17,786 galls, of rum; 52,004 galls of molasses; 33,861
pounds of arrow root.
St. David's Parish 1,554,979 pounds of sugar;
24,256 galls, of rum ; 02,347 galls, of molasses ; 048
pounds of arrow-root ; 535 pounds of coffee; 5,841
pounds of cocoa.
The Grenadines 991,726 pounds of sugar; 11,172
galls, of rum; 30,471 galls, of molasses; 59,411
pounds of cotton ;
Total. — 21,581,196 pounds of sugar; 303,522 galls,
of rum; 493,052 galls, of molasses; 49,309 jiounds
of arrowroot; 535 pounds of coffee; 7,721 pounds
of cocoa; 59,411 pounds of cotton.
Prices of Produce, 21.v. 8(i. for 100 lbs. of sugar;
%
m^
m
(iO
lURUADOKS— LOCALITY— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
7:iii. I'oflTet' ppr ll>. ; Ail. cocoa per lli. ; l.v. li/. rum
per kbII-; 1*1^ nioluasctt per gtilluii ; 5(/. l-.^th cottuii
per III.
The foliowliii; return of proilucc and prices is dc-
rivfd from the U. H. for l^:»('l.
I'riccs nf I'rniliirp ami Merchandize. [B. B.] —
Horned Cuttle, 11/. \h.i. 4d. ench ; Horses, '2iM.;
Sheep, 2/. Xi. Ail. ; GoHts, W, Is. Hil. ; Swine, \lii.4il.;
Milk, 'dfi. 111. per unllon ; Sidt Mutter, 'M. '.).«. Ail. per
tirkin ; Cheese, U. peril).; Wlieaten llrcad, IJ. per lb.,
lier
All.
per
per
Heef, l.v. per III. ; Mutton, l.«. per lb. ; Pork, Gil.
lb.; Rice, II. ('),». per l(ii» lbs.; Cofl'ee, M. [in,
per 100 11)8.; Tea, 7,v. Id. per lb.; SuRar, I/. f>*.
100 11)8.; Salt, 3.1. \id. per bushel; Wine, .^0/,
pipe ; Brandy, Xi. Mi/, per fjallon ; Beer, \',U. per doz. ;
Tobacco, :(/.().«. Hd. per 100 lbs.
Wiise.^fiir l.nhimr. — Domestic, \l. fi,*. per Month
Praidial, \l. Xn. Hd. per Month; Trades, -'/. a.i. ■»./,
per Month, [from B. B. for \H:\r,, page IT.oJ.
ClIAPrER VI.— IIARHADOES.
Section I. The Island of Barbadoes is situate at
the extremity ul the jireut American ArchipelH(;o in
Lilt. Li. [) N. Long. T)!*. 41. \V. extending about 22
miles in length and 11 in breadth, with a surface of
l()ri,470 acres.
11 The early discovery of Barbadoes is involved in
obscurity; the island remained unknown and unnoticed
lor a century alter the discoveries of Columbus, and
the first indication of its existence in the charts of
liuropeun navigators, was A.D. IfiOO. It is said to
have been first visited by the Portuguese, who, find-
ing it uninhabited, and rude in appearance, named the
isle //(« liuiliiidus, or as some say in reference to the
number of fig trees which from their spreading
branches were likened to luxuriant beards. The
original discoverers left some swine and plants on the
isle and abandoned it. In ir>05, an English ship, the
Olire, returning from Guinea, accidentally touched at
Barbadoes, landed a part of the crew on the siiot,
where the Hole Town was afterwards built, erected a
crons, took possession of the island, and inscribed on
several trees, 'James, King of England, and of this
island.' Finding no refreshments the crew was reiin-
barked, and the adventurers proceeded to St. Christo-
pher, where an Englisii colony had recently been
formed. The island was then neglected for nearly
20 years, when some Dutch men-oi-war havnig visited
it, reported favourably of its adaptation for cultivation.
These particulars having reached Sir Wm. Courteen,
an enterprising London merchant, he endeavoured to
elfeet a settlement on Barbadoes. The beauty and
fertility of the island became also much talked of m
England in consequence of a siiip of Sir Win. Cour-
teen's having put in there, in stress of weather, and
the mariners, in returning home, expatiated on the
advantages of the place. The spirit of colonization
was at this time exceedingly active in England, and
the Earl of Marlborough (afterwards Lord High Trea-
surer), obtained from J;)me8 I, a patent for the island
to him and his heirs for ever. Sir Wm. Courteen
having obtained the sanction of the noble patentee,
fitted out two large ships with men, arms, and ammu-
nition, and everything suited to the establishment of
a new colony. One vessel only arrived at Barbadoes,
and a town was coninicnred in February 1625, at the
spot where the Olire had touched twenty years before,
and named .Ikiik-s's (by some called Hole) town. In
Iti'J/, James Hay, Earl of Carlisle, stimulated by the
representations of Thos. Warner, who had been en-
gaged in forming a settlement at St. Christopher ap-
plied to and obtained from Charles I. (who had then
newly ascended the throne) , a grant of all the Caribbee
islands, to be formed into a palatinate or proprietary
government, under the name of Cariola. The Earl of
Marlboroun;h strenuously opposed this grant, as atfect-
ing his prior right to Barbadoes, and litigation com-
menced between the two noblemen, which was com-
jiromised on Lord Carlisle agreeing to settle on the
Earl of Marlborough and his heirs for ever, an annuity
of 300/. in lieu of his claim. The Earl of Carlisle's
patent passed the great seal the 2nd of June 1C27,
and the preamble of this singular charter runs as
follows : —
' Whereas our well-beloved cousin and councellcr, James
Lord Hay, Haron of Situley, Viscouiit Doncaater, Earl of
C'arUsIe, enileavniirinj;, with a laudable and pious design, of
propagating the diristian Keligion, and also of the enlargt'-
mentofthe territories of our dominions hath humbly ptti-
tioncd us lor a certain region of islands in our dominion afler-
nanied lyingtowards tlie north part of the world, as yet void
and inliabitud by savages, who have no knowledge of tlie di-
vine power, commonly called the Caribbee lslands,containiiFS
the islandsof St. Chi iotopher, Grenada, St Vincent, Saint Lu-
cia, liarlKidoes, Maitini(|iie, Uoininica, Marigalante, Deseada,
rodasantos, Guadaloupe, Antigua, Montserrat, Itcdondo,
liarliiida, Nevis, Lustatiu, .Saint Bartholomew, Saint Martin,
Anguilla, Sombrtia, and Ancgada, and many other islands,
found at his great cost and charges, and now bronglit to
that pass to be inhabited by a large and copious colony of
Kuglish, with certain privileges and jurisdictions belonging
to tiie said Muvcinnient and state of a colony and region tu
him, his heirs, and assigns, to be granted.'
By the succeeding clauses, his Majesty did, by the same
grant, for him, liis iieirs and sucessors, make, create and
constitute the said barl of Carlisle, his heirs and assigns,
absolute proprietor and lord of the said region ; reserving
still the allegiance due to his Majesty, his heirs and suc-
cessors. It was then added, 'And because we have made
and appointed the ^aid Janus Eatl of Carlisle truehird of nil
the aforesaid province, as lie to whom the riglit bclongeth,
know ye, that we have authorised and appointed, tlie said
James Eiiil of Carlisle, and his heirs, of whose fidelity,
prudence, justice, and wi.sdoin, we have great conrtdeiicc,
lor the gooil iiiul happy government of the saui province, or
the private utility of every man, to make, erect, and set
forth ; and under liis or their signets to publish such iaw.s
as he, the said Earl of Carlisle, or his heirs, with the coiiseiil
«4»i';i/ uiiU iijiprol/ation, (/ the /rev iiihultituiits of the suU
prnriHrr, or ih
uiid In Hiicli f
\\U or their dii
laws must all
the limits of t
liciund to sea, <
oilier of our ch
siirh impositlo
if it hehuveth,
ii|ion the body
Jjiincs Earl of
piity, judges, ii
ti) the tenure
lase soever; ai
E.ul of carlisl
liose nf all olfi
:iml, whether
irei'd, pardoiici
every thing oi
roiuts, or man
iliith belong or
111 these prcse
power, by virti
liws Koahsolut
piiricd, as they
nmnd, nil and
Iieirs and sue
inviolably to k
pre*sed ; ho
iinreimhtef iinil
ii« eonneiilrn/ ii
iiisliiDis unit riii
' And hecaus
(•ftentimes snd
be needful to a
the said pruvir
always be nee
ealicd together
fur us, our hell
James Earl of
or his magistra
ferred, may niu
fitable from tini
and observed, >
the peace as fo
living, so that
ihey do concer
said provinces,
expressed ; so t
not repugnant i
able to the lawi
and 80 Ihiit that
nf (1111/ person o
inrtlieiiiiig, or
rhiittels.'
' We also of o
cessora, will si
saiil province b
jcet and liege
brought or to li
born, or after
subjects of us,
IL1 the;/ who w:
ritance witliiu
ilominions, to
and iiso and e
alien and beipn
iliiietl;/. nod /lei
friiiirhineii mid
IIS Urge people
without imped i
ble of us, our 1
the contrary ni
Charles soi
grant to Lord
iiiuch pressed
Rte monarch i
lierlain, the \
Courteen, wh
to have had t
instance. Sc
ti^e Earl of C
and to ai)peav
of faith eviut
revoked the
Pembroke, ai
favourite, Cai
H\un.\l)OI',S.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
f>[
lb. ; Pork, Cil. per
L'offif, ;W. 'Js. I,/,
SiiRar, 1/. f'». per
1 ; Wine, ."JO/. pir
leer, KJji. per doz. ;
1/. fi.v. per Montli
rrndes, 21. a,t. 4^/,
lace lf>()].
venty years before,
i Hotn) town. In
stimulated by the
'ho had been en-
t. Christopher ap-
I I. (who had then
of all the Caribbce
late or proprietary
•iola. The Earl of
lis grant, as affeet-
id litigation coni-
I, which was com-
; to settle on the
ever, an annuity
Earl of Carlisle's
of June 16:.'7,
charter runs as
nd
councellcr, James
Duiicaater, Earl of
»ntl pions de.si);ii, nf
also of the eiilargt'.
hath humbly- iieli-
our doniiiiioii after-
e world, as yet void
iiowlcdKB of tlie di-
lslaiid!i,cuiituiiiiiig
Viiiccut, Saint La-
rij^Hlaiite, Dcsrada,
ntserrat, Itcduiido,
mew, Saint Martin,
lany other i.>-lands,
nd now bronglit to
copious colony of
dictions belonging;
lony and region to
y dirt, by the same
make, create and
heirs and assiKns,
region ; reserving
His heirs and suc-
use we have made
isle true lord of nil
le riglit bclongetli,
ppoiiited, tliu said
of whose fidelity,
great ciinfidencc,
c saWi piuvince, or
ic, erect, and set
publish such lawA
8, with Ike coiiseiil
Ijitaiils of the said
lirnrinri', or thi-greiiler purl nf thrm Ihrrfuntu In lif i-iillnl,
uiid In Hiich form, and wlien ami iih often us lie or they, in
IdH or their diseiotion, hliiill tliink fit and best. And these
laWM must all men, for the lime being, that do live witliln
the limits of the said province olmerve ; whether they ho
l)ound to sea, or from thence tetiirnlng to EnglHiid, or any
other of our dominlonH, or any other place iipiiniiili'il, upon
siieh imposition, penalties, Imiirisoixneiits, or restraint ; and
if it helu)veth,uiidthe(iuallty oftheoflfenee requireth, either
upon the body or deatli Itself, to ho executed by the said
Jiioies Earl of Carlise, and his heirs ; or by his or their de-
[I'lfy, judges, magistrates, officers, and ministers, aeeordlng
to the tenure and tiue meaning of these piesents, in what
(ftse soever; and with sucli power as to hlin, the said .Iuiuoh
K.irl of Carlisle, or his heirs, shall deem liest. And to di...
lioseofall oflTences or riots whatsoever, either by sea or
::ind, whether before judgment received, or after remitted,
treed, pardiiiicil or forgiven. And to do and perform all and
every thing or things; which, to the lulfilling of Justice,
eonits, or manner of proeeeiling. In their tribunals may or
iliith belong or appertain, although express mention of them
10 these presents bo not made ; yet we have granted toll
power, by virtue of these presents, tlicm to he nuide i whicli
livvs so absolutely proelulnied,and by streiigtii of right sup-
purled, as they are granted, we will eiij<dii, cb.irgeaiul com.
ninnd, nil ami every Kubject anil liege people of us, our
heirs and successors, as far as them they do eoiu-ern,
inviolably to keep and observe under the p;iins tlu-rein ex-
pressed ; so as, notwitlislaiiding, thi- ii/ni-fsdiJ Imrs he
fiifrei:ii/tle, and mil rfpiiitiiaiit iiiilii reitxiiii ; iiiir iii,'iii)ist, hut
iw I'oiii^eiilrnl mill iigreeiilile us mil)/ In' In llif lines, sliilitles,
riisliiiiiH unit rii;lils, uf iiur hiiiuilnin'nf Kimliinil,'
' And because in the government of so great a province
oftentimes sudden occasions do fall out, to which it shall
he needful to apply a remedy before the free inhabitants of
the said province can he called ; and for that It shall not
always be needful, In such cases, that all the people be
CiiUed together j we will and ordain, and by tliesc presents,
for us, oar heirs and successors, have granted to the said
James Earl of Carhsle, and his heirs, that he by himself,
or his magistrates and officers, in that case lawfully pre-
ferred, may make decrees and ordinances both fit and pro.
tilable from time to time, that they may be esteemed, kept
and observed, within the said province, as well for keeping
the peace as for the better government of tlie people there
living, so that they may be publicly known to all whom
Ihey do concern. Which ordinances we will, within the
said provinces, inviolably to be kept, u|)on pain in them
expressed ; so that these laws be agneable to reason, and
not repugnant nor against it, but, as far as may be, agree-
able to the laws and statutes of <mr kingdom of England ;
and so Ihiit those laws e.xiend not lu the hurt or disfiiiinmudity
uf 11111/ person or persons, either to the liindinir, ninslruining,
bnrtheniiig, ur taking awiii), eitlier their liberty, youds, or
rliiltlels,'
'We also of our princely grace, for us, our heirs and suc-
cessors, will straightly charge, make and ordain, that the
said province be of our allegiance; and all and every sub.
jcet and liege people of us, our heirs, and successors,
brought or to he brought, aud their chihiren, whether then
born, or afterwards to be born, become natives and
subjects of us, our heirs and successors, anil lie us free
us thei/ who were born in Knglund , and so their inhe-
ritance within our kingdom of England or other of our
dominions, to seek, receive, take, hold, buy and possess,
and use and enjoy them as their own ; and to give, sell,
alien aud beiiueath them at their plciisure : uml ulso freely,
iliiirllil, and peucenblii, to huee and possess ull tlie liberties,
friiiirhises nitd priiiileffes nf this liinadoin and I hem to enjoy
11.1 lieffe people of Eniilund, whether born or to be born,
without impediment, molestation, vexation, injury or trou.
bleof us, our heirs and successors; any act or ttatuto to
tlie contrary notwithstanding.'
Charles soon forgot that he had ever made this
grant to Lord Carlisle, and in February Xfi'lS, being
much pressed by the earl of Pembroke, the unfortun-
ate monarch made over Barbadoes to his Lord Cham-
berlain, the Earl of Pembroke, in trust for Sir Win.
Courteen, who, really for bis zealous energy, deserved
to have had the island bestowed on him in the lirst
instance. Scarcely had this grant been made when
ti'B Earl of Carlisle returned from a foreign embassy,
and to appease iiis lordship's resentment at the breach
of faith cviuced towards bim, the irresolute monarch
revoked the charter or patent, granted to the Earl of
Pembroke, and restored the proprietary rights to his
favourite, Carlisle. The proceedings just mentioned
ad the good etfcct of stimulating the Earl to improve
the territory bestowed on him, he contracted with a
company of London nu'rclmnts for a grant of 10,000
acres of land, on condition of receiviiij; from each
settler forty pounds of cotton annually, and the privi-
lege of nominating u governor, or chief. Wolfcrstone,
a native of Heniiiidn, was commissioned by the Earl
of Carlisle as governor, with the power of (Jovernor-
Commauder-in-l'luef and Captain, to do justice, de-
cide controversies, keep his .Majesty's peace, and
punish ollt'iiders, according to the laws of England
and the nature of their crimes. Sixty-four settlers
(each entitled on laiidiiigto 1 00 acres of land) arrived
in Carlisle Ihiy J.'ith of .luly, MVIH, commenced the
erection of svooden houses, tluew a bridge across the
river which intersected the ground, and laid the foun-
dation for liridgetown, the present capital. The
Eurl of Pembroke's men, who were settled on the
leew^ird of the island, refused to obey the windward,
or Carlisle Hay Settlers. Anns were ultimately had
recourse to, the windward men triumplied, and while
the latter were asserting their right of jurisdiction in
Harhadoes, the Earl of Carlisle had a new royal patent,
made out in England, confirming in the most explicit
and uneipiivocal manner the former grant. Sir Win.
Tufton was appointed (iovernor - Commander - in-
Chief, in Eebruary, ICiii'J. A military force was sent
out to keep the leeward men quiet. A council of
twelve settlers, appointed to assist the Governor in
holding a Courts General Sessions of the Peace, laws
were enacted suitable to an infant settlement, and the
cultivated or occujiied parts of the isle divided into
six parishes, viz, Christ Church, St. Michael, St.
James, St. Thomas, St. Peter, and St. Lucy.
In 1(14,0 the island, under the jjrudent rule of Mr.
Hell, was divided into four parishes, (George's, Philips,'
John's, and Andrews, were added to the before-men-
tioned) a church built in each, and an ofHciating
minister appointed. A general assembly was insti-
tuted, composed of two deputies elected in each
parish from the majority of freeboldeis. The island
was divided into four circuits, in each of which a court
of law was constituted — defensive fortifications
erected around the isle — the militia constituted a
fortnidable force of 10,000 infantry and 1000 cavalry
— the total population of the island had increased to
l.')0,000 persons of all colours and sexes, and the
value of property was quadrupled in seven years.
This prosperity was not owing to sugar culture, for
Ligon who visited the island in l(i47, says, that the
plantation of the cane had only then recently begun ;
but it would appear that Barbadoes carried on an un-
restricted foreign intercourse witli Holland aud other
countries. The number of slaves in the island at this
period is not on record, yet here, us elsewhere, the
evils of the system were early felt, for in 1 (149 a
formidable insurrection took place at Barbadoes, and
a general day was appointed for the massacre of all
the white inhabitants. The plot was discovered by a
negro, in gratitude to his master, the day before its
contemplated execution, and twenty-eight of the
leading negroes were gibbeted, according to the cus-
tom of the times.
In 1()50, Lord Carlisle, (the son of the first pa-
tentee), hearing much of the wealth of the island,
which he considered patrimonial property, and de-
sirous of reaping some advantages from the same,
executed a lease to Francis Lord Willoughby, of Par-
bani, an active royalist officer, conveying to his
Lordship all his right and title to the colony for 21
years, upon condition that the profits arising from
■lip'
mi
•m
;,:,;(. ;il
tr
. \*
'^k
. :m^,
C3
IlARHAnOKS.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
the proprietary rip;lit uliould ho inutunlly shnri'd lic-
twet'ii tlunn. Clmrlt's II., (tlu-ii in rxiic), (li'siruiis
of seciiriiij? tlu' West liuliin I'lir his crown, nppoiiittd
Lord Will()UKlil)y OoviTMorumt I.ii'utL'iiiint-driii riil of
l)Rrl)n(lo(;H, and of nil tliu Cnrihhi'i' InIiukIs; nnd thi-
(..rglslntiiro of Diirtmdoos on IiIh l.ord.sliip's nrrivnl,
passed an Act, ncl<ninvlcdKint,' liis Miijcuty's rif;lit to tlic
scvcrcignty of tlic iiliind,nnd tiint of tlicKiirl ofC^nriisIc,
(lurivcd from his Majesty, and transfcncii to Lord Wil-
longhl)y. Harl)ndocH,always(listinKuislK'dfor its loyalty,
exerted itself on this occasion, and c(|ui|iped several
siiips of war, which compelled the neii^hhouring
islands to snhmit to the authority of the crown, as
emanatinp; from the chief \V. I. Government at Har-
hadoes, Cromwell, as it may he supposed, did not
quietly permit this refuge to his royal opponent, and
a formidahle sipiadron, under the command of Sir
George Ayacue, containing a large hody of tro()|)s,
was dispatched for the purpose of reducing the re-
fractory colonists in ohedience to the Commonwealth,
and with a view of crippling the power of Holland,
with which narhadocs and the other \V, I. posses-
sions carried on a lucrative tratlic ; the far-famed
navigation laws were passed, hy which the shijjs of
any foreign nation were proliibited from trading with
any of the Knglish plantations, without a license from
the Council of State.
The Barbadians for some time gallantly defended
themselves against Cromwell, and it was not until
the Parliamentary forces had laid waste a large por-
tion of the island, the defection of Col. Modiford, and
that many had been alain on both sides, that the
island was subdued by the Cromwellian power. Sir
George Ayscue was appointed Governor, after the
reduction in 1G.52, and proceeded to subdue the other
islands that had maintained their allegiance to the
royal authority. On the restoration of Charles II.,
Lord Willoughby, who had been banished for life
from the island, appointed Col. Humphry Walround,
a faithful old royalist, superseding Col. Modiford,
who proceeded to Jamaica, to be Deputy-Governor,
and President of the Council of Barbadoes. Charles
II. conferred the dignity of Knighthood on 13 gentle-
men of Barbadoes, in testimony of their attachment
to the royal cause.
Lord Willoughby, in iGG2, as lessee of the Earl of
Carlisle, renewed his claims on the island. Lord
Kinnaird, the kinsman and heir of the Earl of Car-
lisle, brought forward demands on the settlers
amounting to fiO.OOO/., and the heirs of the Earl of
Marlborough, who were entitled to a perpetual an-
nuity from the same quarter, claimed a large sum
for arrears. To satisfy these claims, now urgently
made, a large number of the Barbadians, (by Mr.
Kendal) agreed to lay a duty of 4^ per cent, on all
native commodities, the growth and produce of Bar-
badoes, when exported from the island. This impost
was estimated at 10,000/. a-year. Many Barbadians
protested against the perpetual rent-charge of 10 per
cent, on their plantations ; but after being submitted
to the decision of the Privy Council, it was finally
agreed, that the 4i per cent, fund should be applied
towards providing a suflficient compensation to the
Earl of Kinnaird, for surrendering his right to the
Carlisle charter, — to provide for discharging the Earl
of Marlborough's annuity — one moiety of the surplus
to be paid to Lord Willoughby for the remainder
of his lease, the other moiety to the Creditors of
Lord Carlisle, until the expiration of Lord Wil-
loughby's contract, when, after a salary of 1,200/.
a-year for the future Governor of Barbadoes, the
creditors of the Earl of Carlisle were to receive the
entire Imlnnce, until their demands were liriuidntcil.
I 'rider these conditiiins (agreed to by all parties), the
proprietary (ioverrnnent was dissolved, and the so-
vereignty of Harhadoes annexed to the Uritish trown.
Some of the iTdial)itants if Uarliadoes long proti'sted
against tlii' imposition of the I'l piT cent, tlulirs, liiit
the rigorous and prudent administration of l.onl
VVilloll^;lll)y brought infernal peace to the islaiiil,
while his lordship exteniled the power of liritain in
the western hemisphere. Lord VVilloughhy was lost
in a hurricane, near (iuadaloiipe, while eni|)loyed in
reducing several islands to subjection. Col. (,'hris-
topherCodrington became Deputy-Governor in UWW,
and his administration was <listinguished hy vigihuu'e
and circumspuetion. In \(\i't'j, the windward and
leewaril isles were Ibrniid into distinct governments,
(iuadaloiipe being the line of demarcation, and the
eommi'rci' of tiie leeward isles was given to Sir VV.
Stapieton, while Lord Willoughby retained that of
llarbadoes and the windward islands, which he keiit
until i(;7;l
In 172:.', im the appointment of Governor Worsley,
a salary of (i,U()()/. sterling per annun\ was llxed mi
his Kxcellcncy, and |)rovided for by a capitation tax
of 2.V. (■)(/. on each slave — and by a tax on lawyers,
patentees, ond public otlicers, ftc. — a burthen which
the colonists soon found themselves unable to defray.
The administration of Lord Howe (commencing in
17.'!,'?), seems to have been generally applauded;
under his auspices a free press was established in
Barbadoes, and he died at his government in 1 7;i.'i,
beloved hy all who knew him. In 17H0, Barbadoes
was ravaged by a terrific hurricane, which lasted for
48 hours, and devastated the island : such was the
violence of the wind, that a 12 pound earronnade was
blown from the pier-head to the wharf, a distance of
140 yards. Of II churches and two chapels only
three were left standing ; and not more than ;tO
houses of the extensive capital of Bridge-town ; the
Mole-head, which cost the colonists 20,000/. was
destroyed, and the castle, battery, forts, town-hall,
prison and cells demolished ; the loss of lives
amounted to 3,000, and of property to 1,018,928/.
The events which have since occurred do not re-
quire detail.
The following is a list of the rulers of Barbadoes
since its establishment as a colony : 1^25, W. Deane,
Gov.; 1C28, C. Wolferstone, do.; 1029, J. Powell,
do.; Ifi29, R. Wheatly, do.; lf>29. Sir W. Tuftoii,
do.; Ifi30, H. Hawley, do.; 1033, R. Peers, Dcp.-
Gov. ; lC3r), Hawley, do.; 1G38, W. Hawley, do. ;
lG3y, H. Hawley, Gov.; 1G40, Sir H. Hunks, do.;
1G41, P. Bell, do. ; 1G50, F. Lord Willoughby, do. ;
IG.")!, Sir G. Ayscue, do. ; 16.')2, D. Scarle, Dep.-Gov.;
ICGO, T. Modiford, Gov.; IGfiO, H. Walrond, I'r. ;
1G63, Francis Lord Willoughby, Gov.; IGGG, H.
Willoughby, H. Hawley, Samuel Barwick, Joint
Govs.; 1GG7, William Lord Willoughby, Gov.;
1GG8, C. Coddrington, Dep.-Gov.; 1G70, W. Lord
Willoughby, Gov. ; IG70, C. Coddrington, Dep.-Gov. ;
iG72, W. Lord Willoughby, Gov.; 1C73, Sir P.
Colleton, Bart., Dep.-Gov.; 1G74, Sir J. Atkins,
Gov.; 1C80, Sir R. Dutton, do.; 1G83, Sir J.
Witham, Dep.-Gov.; 1684, Sir R. Dutton, Gov.;
1G85, E. Steed, Dep.-Gov.; 1G90, J. Kendall, Gov.;
IG94, F. Russell, do. ; 1696, F. Bond, Pres. ; 1698,
R. Grey, Gov.; 1702, J. Farmer, Pres. ; 1703. Sir
B. Granville, Gov.; 1706, W. Sharpc, Pres. ; 1707,
M.Crowe, Gov.; 1710, G. Lillington, Pres.; 1711,
R. Lowther, Gov.; 1714, W. Sharpe, Pres.; ni.'i,
R. Lowther, Gov.; 1720, J. Frere, Pres.; 1720, S.
Cox, do.; 1722, H. Worsley, Gov.; 1731, S. Bar-
wick, Pros.;
Viscount llo\
Hon. R. Byn
Sir T. Hobins
ilo.; 17.')3, R
l"riC,, S. llou
S. Rous, Pre
J. Dotin, Pre
J. Dotin, I'm
Krcre, Dr.;
Fr,; 1794, O.
IHfil, Franc!
|M()3, J. Ince,
IHDf'i, J. Spod
(ir.; 1HI4,
(Jr. IM16, J.
IH17, J. F. A
lieniiere, (i
IH17, S. Lord
I'r. 1821, S.
Gr.; 182.-.
Or.; IH27,J.
Gr.; 1829,
IHH2, Sir L. S
111. Barbad
the N. E. ((U!
1,100 feet abo
ancc, owing t
fields or terrac
remains of tl
covered the w
calcareous roc
riiie concretio
like the greate
town the ca|)
beautiful Bay
length and hall
The handsomi
with their fine
of the town,
well laid out, i
The Governmc
a mile from
though small,
it contains sc
ammunition, i
stand of arms
in some distr
rich black eart
and there is I
and the light '
or hardened ir
consist of in
weather.
IV. Owing
open to the s(
Barbadoes is i
of the range
Vincent will,
Barbadoes.
The returns
shew the mor
following doc
General of An
also to some (
and the Wind
Strength oi
ward and Le
from 1810 to
centesimal ra
being a pcriot
nARHADOES.— GF.OI.OGY MINFIl
kick, Pros.; I7:t:», J. J)(itin, ilo. ; I7H3, ScriMip Lord
Vincdunt Howe, (inv. ; l7Mr>, J. Dotin, I'rcH, ; 17:v.»,
Hun. U. HyriK, (}ov. ; 1710, J. Dotin, I'rcs. ; 17 »J,
SirT. Kohiiinon, Gov.; 17 i7, lion. Henry (JrcnvilU',
do. ; 17.'..1, 11. Weeks, I'ri's. ; I7r)(;, C. I'inl'old, (Jov. ;
ITCir,, S. Rous, Pres. ; 17(1H, \V, Spry, (iov. ; 1772,
S. Uous, l>rcs.; 1773, Hon. K. Hay, (Jov.; I77U,
J. Dotin, I'rcs. J 17H0, J. Cunninnlmtn, Gov.; \1h:\,
J. Dotin, i>res.; 17H4, D. I'nrry, fiov. ; 1790, II.
trerc, I'r.; 17!»1, I). I'nrry, (Jr. : 17I).1, W. Hishop,
Fr, ; I7!M, G,!'. Kickctts, Gov. IHOO, W. Hishop, Pr ;
IHOI, Francis lliiinhiTstono, Lord Siafortli, (Jr.;
isn.3, J. Intv, Pr. ; iKOI, F. II. Lord Seiilotli, Gr.
jHOO, J. Sp<ionpr, Pr. ; IHIO, Sir 0. Ikckwith, K. H.
(ir. ; 1H14, J. Spoonir, Or.; IHI.'), Sir J. I.citli, K.H.
(jr, IMlC), J. Siuioncr, Pr. ; IHld, Sir J. I.iitli, (Jr.;
IH17, J. V. .\lleyne, I'r.; 1hi7, Stajjlfton Lord C.'om-
kmuTO, (i. C. H. lii.; IH17, J. V. Allcync, Pr. ;
1H17, S. Lord CoinlKTmcrc, Gr. ; IHl'O, J. H. Ski'fti',
I'r. lH'i\, S. Hinds, do.; IHJI, Sir H. Wurdc, K.C.H.
Gr.; 1«2.'-., J. B. Skeeto, Pr. ; IH2(>, Sir H. Wnrdo,
Gr.; 1H27,J. ILSkcte, Pr. ; 1H2'.*, Sir J. Lyon, K.C.B.,
Gr,; IHj;), J. H. Skectc, Pr. ; IH2!), Sir j'. Lyon, Gr. ;
1HH2. Sir L. Smith, do. IKiC, Sir K. J. McGregor.
III. Bnrbadoes, althongh generally level, exce])t in
tlic N. K. ((uarter, called Scotland (svliich is about
1,100 feet above the sea) has a very beautiful ap|)ear-
ance, owing to its extent of cultivation, and sloping
fields or terraces. In some deep valllos there are the
remains of the primitive forests which formerly
covered the whole island. The base of the island is
calcareous rock, formed of madrepores, and othei ma-
rine concretions, and is probably of volcanic origin,
like the greater number of surrounding isles. Bridge-
town the capital extends along the shores of the
heaiitiful Bay of Carlisle for nearly two miles in
length and half a mile broad, with about 20,000 houses.
The handsome and spacious barracks of St. Ann's
with their fine parade, are at the southern extremity
of the town. The square, with Nelson's statue, is
well laid out, and many of the houses are handsome.
The Government-house, called Pilgrim, is about half
a mile from Bridge-town. The fort of St. Anne,
though small, is capable of making a good defence ;
it cuntains several excellent magazines stored with
ammunition, and an armoury, with many thousand
stand of arms in perfect order. The soil varies much;
in some districts it is sandy and light, in others a
rich black earth, and in several places spongy. Here
and there is found a red clay of considerable depth,
and the light whitish earth broken into a grey mould,
or hardened into lumps resemble chalk, but actually
consist of indurated argillac, by exposure to the
weather.
IV. Owing to the flatness of the island, leaving it
open to the sea-breeze, and its extensive cultivation,
Barbadoes is peculiarly healthy ; and the details given
of the range of the thermometer, Jicc, under St.
Vincent will, with some modifications, answer for
Barbadoes.
The returns under the section on climate in Jamaica
shew the mortality of the troops on that island ; the
following document, drawn up by Deputy Inspector-
General of Army Hospitals, Henry Marshall, Esq., will
also to some extent indicate the climate of Barbadoes
and the Windward islands.
Strength of the British army serving in the Wind-
ward and Leeward islands, from 17'JC) till 180,'), and
from 1810 to 1828 inclusive, together with the annual
centesimal ratio of mortality from 17'jCi till 1828,
being a period of 33 years.
AI.OGY AND SOU/— CLIMATE.
f!.1
1
JS
Mean centesimal
.
tt
_g
Centesimal ratiu of mortality
^
s
Q
ratio of i
n each of the fol-
t-l
mortality.
lowing pi'riods.
i7'.»r.
i,')y28l
f,:,Hrt
41,3
I7'.)7
I470<J
4080
27.7
17'.»8
\:\f,r,()
iii.ir.
14.3
I7'J'J
1241!)
1240
9.9
IHOO
IHOI
133.'.8
144.30
2770
11,9
19.2
18..')
1N()2
IC..'-)47
LUC.
8.
1803
12087
1173
9.7
IM0»
11410
202.0
23.
1 80")
ii:,r,H
2170
|H,7
I8()ri
11.1
1807
1808
9.7
ifi.r.
12.9
180!)
14.2
1810
IOf)!»l
lf.88
1.0.7
I8I1
!»733
1,01.')
1. '■).,'■)
1812
10807
1031
9..0
1813
11277
870
7.7
1814
!»204
71)1
8..')
I8l,0
81)3 1
1048
12.7
1810
i\ 1 •>3
!)Cil)
l.'i.7
1817
3MH2
1)01)
23.4
1818
3423
487
14.2
13,3
I81'J
3344
311)
9..''>
1820
3108
3;') 8
11.,')
1821
2804
427
15.2
1822
2880
223
7.7
1823
3421
163
4.7
1824
40,') 1
309
7.0
182,')
3(i88
37.')
10.1
1826
4298
3 If.
7.3
1827
4044
380
9.4
1828
3858
308
8.
Mean of 33 years,
13.4.
Centesimal ratio of mortality among the troops in
the Windward and Leeward islands in the different
months of the year, for a period of ten years, or from
1796 to 180.') inclusive. January, — deaths, 1,614' j
centesimal ratio of deaths, 6,.0 . February, — D. 1,197,
C. R. 4.8. March,— D. 1,036, C. R. 4:2. April,—
n. 1,429, C.R. ry.l. May,— D. l,4.'-,9, C. R. .0:9.
June,— D. 1,724, C.R. 6:9. July,— D. 2,2'3, C.R. 8:7.
August,— D. 2,991, R. C. 11:9. September,— D.
2,826, C.R. 11:4. October,— I). 3,279, C. R. 13:3.
November,— D. 2,712, C.R. 10:9. December,— D.
2,402, C.R. 9:7. Total D. 24,916. Total C.R. 100:0,
According to the above, March is the healthiest,
and October the most unhealthy month of the year
in the Windward and Leeward Island command,
which comprehends the islands of Barbadoes, Trini-
dad, Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, Dominica,
Antigua, St. Christopher, the Bahamas, Guyana on
the continent, and ali the other tropical British pos-
sessions in the West Indies and Continent of South
America, except the island of Jamaica and the settle-
ment of Honduras, which form a separate command.
The troops in the Bermuda Islands, which lie in about
3.3" N. latitude, report to the commander of the
forces in Lower Canada.
V. The inhabitants of this colony rapidly increased
from its first settlement. In 1676, Barbadoes, on
100,000 acres, contained 70,000 whites and 80,000
blacks: total 1,00,000 souls. This great population
was ell'eclod by granting out land, in lots of 10 acres
each, to pooi settlers and white servants who had
M
S4
BARBADOKS.— POPULATION.
I i 'I
fulfilled the term of their indentures. Some, perhaps
many, of these lots were subsequently sold when the
island became too populous for the extension of sugar
plantations ; and the late occupiers, with the pur-
chase money, proceeded to settle in other islands,
where land was cheap and plentiful. In 1074, their
numbers were calculated at r)0,000 whites, and 100,000
coloured or negroes, thus giving .lOO mouths to every
square mile ; while China, with its 3')0,000,000, has
not more than 2HH to the scpinre mile.
The pojjulation at dillercnt periods of the last
century was, as far ns we have returns — 1724.
Whites, lH,2!>r); blacks, . 17'j:5. Whites, ;
blacks, f.'J.HVO. 17Hf,. Whites, lG,lf.7 ; blacks, f)2,yr)3.
1788. Whites, 1G,127; free coloured, 2,229 ; blacks,
C4,405.
The slave population from 1817 to 18;i2,
■was —
Increase
Decrease
Mnnninis-
i
by Ulrth.
by Death.
slon.
s
S
cn
«
__;
S
■a
S
a
Total.
1
a
1
•3
s
■a
a
1817
35354
42ia<)
774!)3
..
..
, .
1820
36rH3
41612
78345
36.-,4
3758
3317
32H6
250
1823
3fiI59
42fi57
78816
4178
4058
3487
3228
2M7
182()
3f)!)().'>
43556
8U551
4788
4814
34011
3304
322
182»
376.1)1
44211
81902
4748
4502
34<J4
3320
«7i)
1832
377ti2
43738
81500
••
••
••
1089
1
St. Michael .
St. Joseph
St. Lucy . .
St. Andrew .
St. Thomas .
St. Peter . .
St. James . .
Christ Church
St. John . .
St. George .
St. Philip . .
Parish.
o vc tr> *-! w OT CO lU -^1 ^1 .u
f' 4- ii> O O .b. O C lO O -1
Daptisms.
it'
Marriages.
i-*.(X>— ^l^TWCTlvO-J.t-
O-Jit'.OOO^tiif-OiOCi
Deaths.
lU
o
00
oo*.^jwaiaii(iiliWvc;ji
<OC*3WtC0DiUK-^(Jlit»i—
00
3
00
CO
W IC hS •- N- ^J
Oi*iOCJO'*>.iUOiWWOO^I
2
c
i
to
OlO^XtCQOODOCAiOiW
00
W to <a >— ii l-S 00 O ^1 ^ 1—
1
3
00
C«3
tc
2
i(i.VB00tOOU)tna00DH-»-
O
-J 00 in •»> W *. O IC W i(i CTl
I
XT
cn
w
3.
5"
n
cn
P
3
a.
Cd
c
The total population and the division into parishes
is thus stated previous to the abolition of slavery.
•S ii
.-§
Parish.
Area
sq.m
Whites
'1
Slaves.
Total.
St Michael
15
49fi5
3045
17990
26000
St. Philip
23
1207
307
9840
11354
St. Lucy
13
900
75
5345
6320
St. George
If)
927
175
7381
8483
St. Andrew
13
fiOO
300
3fi50
45:.(l
St. Joseph
9i
890
90
4251
5231
St. John
13
908
172
.5487
65li7
St. Peter
13
, ,
1500
CC17
8117
St. Thomas
13
. ,
750
6000
675(1
Christ Church
22^
1700
120
10000
118'.'()
St. James
12
700
50
4300
5050
Total
lf.2
12797
C584
80861
100242
There has been no recent census of the island ; ami
the Blue Books at the Colonial office respecting Bai-.
badoes are by no means complete, satisfactory, or
creditable to the island.
A statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Prsedial-attached, Praedial-unattached,
and Non-PrBcdial. [Parliamentary Return to the
House of Lords, March, 1838.]
"o C5 «
«s?
5
S«J
£S|
i
Classes.
9>^
5 0"
«
Total.
>
•;; <A 3
a
A a
O-^ <a
M QJ
' Head People. . . .
Tradesmen ....
1963
1821
£76242
7072()
No. of Slaves,
11
Inferior ditto ..
784
2'JH37
47876.
Field Labourers
27693
806674
*<
. Inferior ditto ..
15615
212585
;61, 219,065.
^J3
Head People. . . .
Trndosmen
.12
224
1242
8690
No. of Slaves,
li\
Inferior ditto ..
163
4748
f Amount,
A'106,911.
Field Labourers
2330
67870
0. S
Inferior ditto ..
1568
24359
IleadTradesmen
391
15186
1
Inferior ditto . .
4U8
11884
_;
Head P. employ.
.a
I
ed on wharls,
shipping', or
other avoca-
tions. .. .
fi4
A 200
2485
5825
No, of Slaves,
14,445.
' Amount,
a
o
InferiorPeople \
ditto /
jtf333,337.
'A
H 871
13572
Head Uumestics
3816
148211
Inferior ditto {
Children under
six years of
age on tbe 1st
A 5890
11 2805
114382
21788
August, 1834.
14732
57209
Aged, diseased.
^
or otherwlRe
non-effective
1780
3456
Number of Claims having reference to each Division.
Prtedial Attached, 1,753} Prtcdlal Unattached, 1,231 1 Non-
prKdlal, 4,241.
Nffmeii of til
I'lirisbes, an
extent.
St. John
13 sq. miles.
Ctirist Churcl
14310 acres.
St. Thomas
13 sq. miles.
St. Joseph
9i sq. miles.
St. James
12 sq. miles.
St. Hctor
134 sq. miles.
St. Lucy
1:14 sq. miles.
St. Andrew
13 sq. miles.
St, Philip
•a sq. railcj.
St. George
16 sq. miles.
St, Michael
l.'i bq. miles.
*
N
C3
Pris
^
Male
I
l«29
180
1H30
174
1K32
367
1833
1024
1834
1322
1H36
746
* The abo'
whole island.
livision into parishes
ilition of slavery.
BARBADOES.— RELIGION— CRIME AND GAOI.S.
VI. ChurchcM, Livings, SiC. of Harbailoes, 11134. [B. U.]
66
'?,
■o
Slaves.
Total.
8
04:)
17990
26000
307
9H40
11354
75
5345
6320
175
7381
8483
300
3650
4550
90
4251
5231
172
.5487
65 r, 7
500
CC17
8117
750
COOO
6750
120
1 0000
118l'0
50
4300
5050
584
80861
100242
IS of the island ; niul
ffice respecting Baj'-
ete, satisfactory, or
)f Slaves for whom
and of the Number
mpensation, and of
awarded in each of
Praedial-unattached,
ary Return to the
Total.
No. of Slaves,
4/87(1.
Amount.
No. (if Slaves,
431;.
Amount,
No. of Slaves,
14,44,'i.
Amount,
.*3aa,337.
to each Division.
ached, I,23I ; Noii.
ion of
arish.
Living,
rrency.
Church, where
Chapel, wbere
Vtmiber
Numeii of the
Earsonnge
House.
a
Hiiuated and the
0. of pe
genera
attend!
siiuated and the
of persons
U
I'lirislics, and
5*- ^g
a
number of per-
number of per-
generally
extent.
a
sons it will
contain.
sons it will
contain.
attending.
I"*
A
St. John
76(tn: 500
Tiierc Ik a
as
Destroyed by the
i 1. .St. Mark's,
13 sq. milea.
parsonage
acres.
hurricane of 1831
aliout '.', miles to
c
house.
the K. of the old
church. 2. On
the estate, held
In trust by the
Soc. I'rop. Oosp.
1
u
CM
Christ Church
14000
.lOO
Destroyed by
20
Ditto.
I..St. Uarthol.
I4JI0 acres.
the hurri-
cane 01 1831.
acres.
2. Part of the old
fort, used as a
temporary jilace
of worship.
^
^
St. Thomas
Csiio
.'iOO
Ditto.
231
Ditto.
None.
u
13 sq. miles.
acres.
St. Josepli
.M4'-'
SOU
Ditto.
18
Ditto.
A school house,
91 sq. miles.
acres.
recently built,
is used at present
as a licensed
chapel.
St. James
5630
,100
A parsonage
8
At the W. end ol
about
None.
13 sq. miles.
house.
acres.
the parish, and
will contain
about 300
pers<nis.
100
St. Heter
i)IOO
500
Repaired
about
Destroyed by the
Destroyedbv the
isi sq. miles.
since the
hurricane of
1831.
•-'0
acres.
hurricane of 1H31
liurricaneof 1831
St. Lucy
134 sq. miles.
7500
500
Ditto.
small
glebe.
None.
St. Andrew
.I.')!!)
500
Destroyed
about
M the N. E. of
welt
None.
13 aq. miles.
by the hur-
ricane of
1831.
15
acres.
I lie parish, and
will contain
about 200
licrsons.
altnd.
St. Philip
1237S
500
Repril. since
about
l)c.-.tr(iyeilbythe
1. Trinity, a lit.
about ilflfl
■*•>
•13 sq. milcj.
the hurri-
cane, fi used
for divine
service.
'.'0
acres.
litirricaiieoi liiai
tic to the K. ol
the centre of the
parish.
persons.
I
c
ni
St. George
QROn
500
A small
S()
Near the W. line
about
1. St. Lu,<e'8,
Each will
l6 sq. miles.
liiiuse lins
acres.
(if the parish.
280
about 2i miles R.
contain and
a
bi'(Mi built
and will contain
of the church.
is ntteniled
«
since tliu
about 330
2. St. Jude's,
by from 3 to
hurricane.
persons.
about 3 miles N.
ol the church.
400 persons.
c
St. Michael
37000
500
None.
40
At the K end of
about
1. St. Mary's, at
lUOO
IS sq. miles.
acres.
liridge Town,
and will contain
1800 persons.
1-200
the N.W. endof
the town.
2. St. Paul's, at
the S. K. end ol
the town.
3. St. Matthew's,
at the N. E. end
of the town.
81)0
500
£
Remarks.
Divine service is
perfornu'il every
Sunday in tlie
liarsonaL'e house,
which has been
licensed for tho
purpose.
IMvine service is
peifoimcd evevy
Sunday in the rec-
tor's house, which
has been licensed
for that purpose.
Divine service is
performed in a
room in Spright's
Town, licensed for
that purpose.
Divine service is
performed in the
old school room,
which has been
enlarged since the
liurricunc and
licensed for public
worship.
'I'lio populntion of
this and of the
other parishes is
given on the best
intiirnialioii that
could be obtained,
but from want of a
census the num-
bers st.itcd are to
a certain extent
conjectural.
VII
Number of Prisoners in the Goals of Barbadocs tluoughout each year. [B
.B.]
No. of
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
No. of untried
m
a.
Prisoners.
meanours.
Prisoners.
Prisoners.
1-
>•
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male Fin.
Totl.
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.JTotl.
Mule
Fm.
Totl.
1829
180
32
212
41
20
61
103 11
114
36
1
37
161
31j 192
15 1
16
4
1H30
174
42
216
37
9
46
102 30
132 35
3
38
119
29i MS
14 3
17
, ^
1H32
367
108
475
31
16
47
254 68
322 82
24
106
283
73I 356
84; 25
109
2
1833
1024
397^1421
59
11
70
848* 377
12251 117
9
126 904
369' 1273
120 28
148
6
1834
1322
705i2027
96
25
121
1109 634
1743
117
46
163,1198
671; 1869
124 34
158
4
1836
746
319
1065
7
6
13
99' 27
126
51
9
60
144
56i 200
7
1
8
7
*T
whole
he above six
island,
years are all that the B, B. contain; the returns for 1833-34 only, being made for the
■■■II :
€f.
BAKBADOES.— EDUCATION.
VIII. Schools of Barbadoca, IH34. [IJ. B.]
Name of the
ParUli.
Public or Free School
and where situated.
Number
of Scholnis.
Ml. Fm.iTot.
Mode of
Instruction.
S^ John
1. Farncbiixl school, 20
at wliich white
children only are
admitted. 1
, School open to alli 27
classes, i
Ditto. ■ 38
Christ Church
1. Parochial school,,
at which white j
chihiren only are [
admitted. j
2. Schcxd open to all,
classes. i
:i. Ditto. I
St. Thomas
St. Joseph
St. James
St. Peter
St Lucy
St. Andrew
St. Philip
St. George
St. Michael
.33
24
1. Parish school. ■
2. School open to all!
classes, I
1. Parochial school.j 12
1.
School for all
classes.
2U
24
21
1. Parochial school,
at which white
children only are
admitted.
2. School open to all
classes.
35
1. Parochial school, 15
for white boys &girlS|
2. Ditto.
3. School open to all | 5
classes.
1. Harrison's free
school. i
2. Central schools for 1 34
white boys and twirls'
3. St. Mary's Colo- 110
nial school for boysi
and ({iris. {
<4. St. Paul's school,! 68
j for ditto.
5. School near the
' garrison.
■ 6, 3 Infant schools.
:7. School at
:8, School Roebuck.
15 35
23 SO
63
26 I &g
I
I
!
I 31
43 67
55
14
I, Parochial school,] 11 | 10
at which white
children only are
admitted.
•2, School open to all
classes.
1. Parochial school,
at which white
children only are
admitted.
2. School open to all
classes.
1. Parochial school,
chiefly for whites.
13
10
26
29 25
32
134
92
110
-0
68
53
115
204
57
50
ReadinKr>
Writlngr.and
Arithmetic.
Ditto.
Ditto,
Ditto,
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto,
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
If supported by po.
vcrnmcnt or volun-
tary contrlbntions,
and amount of each.
The parochial school
at the expense of the
parish, the two other
schools nut of the
funds at tin.' disposal
of the bishop.
Ditto.
Expense of !
each school,
per annum, j
i
llcmarks.
Out of the funds at
the bishop's disposal
At the expense of
the parish.
Out of the funds at
the bishop's disposal
The parochial school
at the expense of the
parish, the other out
of the funds at the
bishop's disposal
Ditto.
By tlie parish and
private becjucst.
1. At the expense of
the parisli
Each master
50/. sttf.
paul by the
bishop.
One master
and mistress
150/. cur.
The bishop
pays eiicii
master 50/.
sterling;.
1. 50/. cur.
2. 20/. stg.
30/. cur.
40/. stg.
About 150/.
cur. for
clothing and
teaching.
Sclioolmast.
40/. stg.
1. 2/. lO.s. cr.
for each
scholar.
2. 25/. stg.
70/. cur.
100/. cur.
2. Out of funds at !
the bishop's disposal;
40/. stg.
1, By the parish and 1. (io/. cur.
priv.ate beciuests.
2. Ditto. 2. 50/. cur.
J3. Outof the funds at 3. 20/. cur.
the bishop's disi)osal
Ditto.except
in the In-
fant school,
where the
instruction
is confined
to reading
only.
1 . By private bequesti I ,
2. By the colony. 2.
The number of private
schools in this and the
other parishes is uncer-
tain. Ihcre are fre.
quent clianges. Estate
schools are common.
There is a Sunday
school, well attended.
There are two Sunday
schools.
One Sunday school and
two schools in the
week.
One Sunday school.
One Sunday school.
One Sunday school,
and a night school in
the week.
One Sunday school,
and two night schools
in the week.
One Sunday school.
Two Sunday schools.
Two Suiulay schools.
In addition to the
schools here mention-
ed, there are in each
place of worship Sun-
day schools. There are
ilso, twice in the week.
The situation of Codrington College is one of the
most delightful that can possibly be conceived ; sur-
rounded by hills on every side, possessing the supe-
rior advantages of the sea breeze, an unbounded view
of the Atlantic, and refreshed by a clear stream of
water, collected in front into a small lake. The stu-
dents receive their board and education for 3.")/. per
annum, and are examined and ordained by the bishop
if intended for the church.
At the central school, about IfiO white children are
educated precisely upon the ])lan of the national
Theremainrierout of 3. Master
tlio funds placed at ! lUd/. stg.
the bishop's disposal Mistress 50/. night scliools in cacli
t. Mast. 50/. of the three districts of
Mistress 40/. the town. In each
5. Mast. 50/. parish, there are estate
schools. There arcalso
6. 25/. each, six private schools.
7. Mast. 20/.
8. Mast, 50/.]
schools in England ; all of them are fed during the
day, and the major part are well clothed. The bene-
ficial effects of this charity are already confessed on
all hands ; principles of sobriety and devotion arc
instilled into their minds, and habits of regularity and
peaceful subordination are enforced. From this class
of boys the master tradesmen, mechanics, overseers,
and even managers, are now supplied. A girl's school
has also been founded, under the auspices of the
Bishop ; they are both favourite institutions, and the
chief people in the colony spare neither pains nor
expense
is also
colourr(
sui)eriiit
by tlie
colour a
liiiess ai
tuitous.
»'^i:..
Remarks.
'lie number of private
oliouls in tliis and the
tlier parishes is nncer-
nin. Ihcrc are fre-
Mcnt clianRes. Kstate
(jliools are common,
'here is a Sinulay
chool, well attended.
"here are two Sunday
schools.
)ne Snnday school and
two schools in tlie
week.
Unc Sunday school.
One Sunday school.
One Sunday school,
iDd a night school in
the week.
One Sunday school,
nd two night schools
in the week.
One Sunday school.
BARBADOES.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY— FINANCES.
f.7
wo Sunday schools.
'wo Snnday schools.
addition to the
hools here mention -
, there arc in each
ice of worship Sun-
y schools. There are
<o, twice in the week,
xht .schools in each
the three districts of
town. In each
I ish, there are estate
uKiis. There areulso
private schools.
ire fed during the
othed. The bcnc-
ready confessed on
and devotion arc
s of regularity and
. From this class
lianics, overseers,
1. A girl's schuol
c auspices of the
titutions, and the
neither pains nor
expense in strengthening or maintaining them. There
is also a large school for coloured children, with
coloured managers, established under the Bishop's
superintendence ; and several more have been opened
by the Bishop, at the Government expense; — every
colour are admitted — the only conditions being clean-
liness and constant attendance. Instruction is gra-
tuitous.
IX. The government of tlie island is constituted in a
manner similar to that already described under
Jamaica; namely, a Governor, a Legislative Council,
and a Representative Assemby. The Governor's le-
','islative authority is entirely negative, he can only
recommend subjects for consideration to the Assembly,
and his concurrence is required before any bill can be-
come law ; each concurrence, however, not being valid
beyond three years, unless sanctioned by the royal con-
limiation. In his executive cajiacity the Government is
entitled to nominate, and of course remove the offi-
cers of rnilitia ; the right, however, is seldom exer-
cised beyond the choice of Colonels, who nominate
their Lieutenant-Colonels, Majors, and Captains, who
in turn appoint their subalterns. The Governor, with
the consent of the Council, has power to dissolve the
General Assembly, and to issue writs for a new elec-
tion ; with the concurrence of live members he may
suspend any member of Council, unless it be an ex-
traordinary occasion requiring secrecy, when his
power is absolute, subject to explanation at home.
If there be less than seven Members of Council resi-
dent in the island, the Governor may fill up the
number (to twelve,) pro tempore, for the dispatch of
business. As Chancellor, his Excellency has the
custody of the great seal, and presides in the Courts
of Error and Equity, in which courts the Judges being
Cotmcil, he only sits primus inter pares, his vote or
opinion being of no greater consequence than that of
any other member. As Ordinnrij he talces probate of
all testamentary writings ; in cases of litigation esta-
blishes or annuls the will ; and in default of executors
appointed by the testator. His Excellency issues
letters of administration according to the rules of law.
As Fico-Admiral he issues his warrant to the Judge
of the Vice-Admiralty Court to grant commissions to
privateers. Barbadoes, St. Vincent, Grenada and To-
bago, are consolidated into one general Government ;
and Antigua, Montserrat, St. Christopher, Nevis,
Tortola and Dominica into another general Govern-
ment ; the former called the Windward Island Govern-
ment, and the latter the Leeward Island, Lieutenant-
Governors are oppointed to each ; and Governor-in-
Chief at Barbadoes and Antigua. The militia force
is strong and well appointed; there are six regiments
of several battalions each, together with a corps of
life gua'-ds, and a numerous and brilliant stall'. In
IGCC), Barbadoes had an effective military force of 20,000
infantry and 3,000 cavalry composed of the coloni.sts.
X. The income is raised as in the other islands.
The following was the Barbadoes' gross Revenue and
Expenditure, in £ sterling from 1821 to 1830: —
Revenue.
Expenditure
Years.
Civil.
Military.
Total.
1821
13127
16679
2,')92
19271
1822
17421
1379.5
2697
16492
1823
29431
23,') 11
2499
26010
1824
2612.')
12009
16,54
13663
182.'')
21223
22878
1747
2462.5
1826
21022
27140
2,500
29640
1827
20-ir>2
20242
1723
2196,5
1H28
201,') 7
18122
1677
19799
1829
19290
18339
1604
19943
1830
16349
16899
1666
18,565
Revenue from 1828 to 1836.— 1828, 28,270Z; 1829.
28,413/; 1830,24,918/; 1831, 25,087/ ; 1832,25,110/;
1833,20,915/; 1834,36,220/; 1835, 41,219/ ; 1836,
42,3;i6/; Taxes on Slaves, \s. M. currency, or \Oil.
sterling each. On Sugar Mills, 13*. 4(/. each. On four-
wheeled Carriages, 13,v, 4d. each. On two-wheeled
Carriages, 6«, 8(/, each. Duties on Wine per pipe,
4/. Is., currency 21. 14s. sterling; Brandy and Gin
per gallon, 3s, 4d. ; Tonnage Duty on shipping at the
rate of Is. 8d. sterling per ton to the 23d of October,
and subsequently at 8d. sterling per ton.
Colonial Expenditure from 1828 to 1836.— 1828,
18,566/; 1829, 19,943/; 1830, 18,566/; 1831,
18,354/; 1832, 18,354/; 1833, 16,536/; 1834, 17,841/;
1835,27,580/; 1836,29,373/. [B. B.]
lieeapitulation of the Establishment in 1834. —
[B. B.] Civil Establishment, 7,268/. ; Contingent
Expenditure, 370/.; Judicial Establishment, 155/.;
Ecclesiastical Establishment, 3,910/.; Total 11,709/.
British Expenditure in 1836. — [B. B,] Commis-
sariat Provisions and Forage, received from England,
10,307/.; Purchased in the Command, 13,611/.=
23,918/. Fuel and Light received from England, 577/. ;
Purchased in the Command, 2,042/. ;=2,619/. Miscel-
laneous Purchases, 205/. ; Transport, 870/. ; Pay of
extra Staff, Military Allowances, (included under the
head of Ordinaries, from 1st of April 1836, the pay-
ments for the Commissariat and Ordnance excepted)
2,919/; Special Services, 1281/. ; Contingencies, 932/. ;
Ordnance, 8,936/. ; Ordinaries, 28,547/. ; Pay of Com-
missariat Officers, 3,180/. ;=75,090/.
Deduct Repayments. — Commissariat, 1098/. ; Ord-
nance, 1289/. ;=2387/. Net charge, 72,702/. The
preceeding statement includes Expenditure, which on
several of the items relates to the service of the whole
Command, and not of this Colony exclusively.
XI .The trade of Barbadoes has lluctuated very much at various periods owing to hurricanes and bad sea-
sons, as well as to the equally injurious fiscal restrictions of man ; its early exports were —
Years.
Sugar.
Molasses.
Rum.
Hds.
Trs.
Bar.
Hds.
Hds. Trs.
Bar,
1786
8659
82
3419
114
5199 39
693 1
1790
9998
123
2935
2331
261
1791
11333
60
2346
30
3008
411
1792
1 7073
125
2698
188
5064
512 1
1828
26790
2662
825
2208
371 punchs. 1
Ginger, j Aloes.
Cotton.
Bags.
8070
4565
3735
3046
Hds. Gds.
1 409
475
770
515
738 pack.
Bags.
8864
Lbs.
1287088
1163157
974178
1747 bales
68
I I J
%.' ii:,
BARBAnOES,— COMMERCE.— SHIPPING.
IMPORTS UP BARBADOES.
Great Britaio.
West
Indies
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Years.
Val. £
Val. £
No.
Tons.
Val.f
No.
Tons.
Val. £ No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Vtil.£
No.
Tons,
Men.
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828*
514210
6UB815
389426
353246
381127
219971
70
95
89
91
79
90
18000
23932
22338
24072
19542
22021
43963
5fi051
39225
8 1950
197075
30528
48877
109020
73242
89787
84443
69332
209
283
197
217
288
236
17279
20108
12547
13034
19694
18878
21621
166741
203710
143181
313327
5643
14
113
117
88
120
8
1000
12629
14963
11016
15713
949
24224
36318
65372
54846
16453
48717
48
54
57
61
39
126
4000
3573
3,541
5046
2724
8023
693180
998659
788143
728552
999231
3-6866
341
545
460
457
526
475
40279
60242
53299
52168
57673
50776
2849
4084
3476
3818
3916
3797
1829*
1830
1831*
1832
1833
1834
1835*
1836
1837*
203417
77
19406
28642
64050
289
23532
886
1
146
70983
169
10848
369123
636
63932
4034
23S660
272672
261525
87
97
111
22339
18711
29270
32092
31508
21312
55070
73728
57447
330
310
344
24939
21961
26072
134468
622O8
93354
189
94
85
26530
12920
12182
I8OI9
13796
14944
83
44
73
6197
2586
4871
4il6lO
461135
449790
689
545
6l3
79005
66178
72395
5104
4234
5052
416264
95
23151
35206
67516
331
23415
82931
81
12490
28240
60
3934
630157
667
62990
4899
From Elsewhere, valne, 1822, 10284Z. ; 1823, 23714/. ; 1824, 17168/. i 1825, 6542/. i 1826, 6804/. ; 1827, 2676/. i
1830, 1142/. ; 1832. 3301/. ; 1833, 1223/. ; 1834, 1208/.
EXPORTS OF BARBADOES.
1S22
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828*
1829*
1830
1831*
1832
1833
1834
1835»
1836
1837*
447544
655480
649832
670109
846646
422798
38
74
61
74
60
46
11620
19420
15594
19025
15699
13042
184914
348325
137377
144517
423199
120951
1454
9516
5710
10379
8802
2260
248
267
247
262
357
312
24602
22356
20085
21963
29260
26768
624734
74
19680
128979
7863
367
30323
283642
417991
609990
45
81
82
12833
21403
22292
I08UJ
121688
111321
7101
6442
6587
442
344
439
39710
30568
38984
621362
78
20030
112271
2763
395
29522
13721 13
24446 66
16891! 87
1829 68
11545
6024
7328
6464
11928
91
2200
7191
10936
8661
12754
12939
8147
5254
3829
12847
26477
36114
32618
17696
11016
32
37
61
48
26
82
2500
2484
4181
3534
2019
5842
648131
1064244
845924
859452
1307889
657423
331
444
456
452
534
440
40922
51451
50907
53163
59752
45652
15118
103
6442
776695
644
56345
3438
1179
2644
80
45
73
8707
5686
7967
408363
.553628
736006
659
529
632
74189
65784
74497
869
67
10317
749193
664
63698
2849
3380
3501
3676
3900
976
4212
4842
4079
5195
4999
To Elsewhere, value, 1827, 56342/.
* No Returns.
Principal articles of export from Barbadoes since
1822 :—
Years.
Aloes.
Sugar.
Rum.
hhds.
1822
."iTfi packages
12822
4 punchs.
1823
16557 lbs.
26525
236 cases
1824
32327 do.
21639
3747 gallons
1825
35763 do.
18565
22352 do.
1826
62484 do.
20329
1 13 punchs.
1827
95966 do.
17593
12 do.
1828
1829
I
"4o returns
•
1830
738 packages
2.5371
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
XII. There is no paper currency ; and the amount of
coin in the island is not ascertainable. The gold coins
are, adoubloon = 16 Spanish dollars; 1 joe=8 Por-
tuguese dollars ; a moidore=6 ditto. A silver dollar
= 10 bits. There are i, |, and l-16th parts of a dollar.
The weights and measures as in England.
N.B. — It is to be regretted that the Barbadoes Blue Books, like those of Jamaica, afford by no means tlic
satisfactory documents to statistical science that the importance of the subject demands.
69
Total.
No,
341
645
400
457
526
475
536
689
545
613
667
Tons,
Men.
40279
60242
53299
52168
57673
6O776
53932
79005
56178
72395
62990
2849
4084
3476
3818
3916
3797
4034
5104
4234
5052
4899
1827, 2675?.
and the amount of
le. The gold coins
rs ; 1 joe=8 Por-
A silver dollar
parts of a dollar,
'land.
Iby no means tiic
CHAPTER VII.— ST. LUCIA.
.331
40922
2849
444
51451
3380
4,16
50907
3501
452
53163
3676
534
59752
3900
440
45652
976
644
56345
4212
659
74189
4842
629
65784
4079
632
74497
5195
564
63698
4999
Section 1. This very beautiful island is in lat.
13.50 N., long. 60.58 W., about 32 miles in length,
from N. to S., and 12 broad, and contains 37,500
acres of land.
II. It was discovered on St. Lucia's Day, and first
settled on by the English about 1 035, since which period
it has undergone various changes, being sometimes
declared neutral, (as by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,)
next in the possession of the French, then captured
or transferred to the British, and vice versa. By the
treaty of Paris in 1763, St. Lucia was allotted to
France; and Dominica, St. Vincent, Grenada, and
Tobago to England ; during the American war, in
1779, it was taken by the British, but restored to the
French by the peace of 1783, it was conquered at the
commencement of the French revolutionary war in
1794, evacuated in 1795, and retaken in 1796; by
the treaty of Amiens it was restored to France in
1801, and recaptured by us in 1803. The detail of
the hard fought battles for the acquisition of this isle
would be out of place, it may suffice to state that the
fortune of war, in 1803 finally left it an English
colony, with a French population, manners, language,
and feelings.
III. The first approach to this island, (which is
divided longitudinally by a ridge of lofty hills,) from
the S. is very remarkable.
Two rocks, called Sugarloaves, rise perpendicularly
out of the sea, and shoot to a great height in parallel
cones, which taper away towards the summit. These
mountains, which are covered with evergreen foliage,
stand on either side of the entrance into a small but
deep and beautiful bay. Behind this, the mountains,
which run N. and S. throughout the island, rise in
the most fantastic shapes.
When sailing along the shore the variety of scenery
is exquisitely beautiful; the back ground continues
mountainous, but every three or four miles appear
the most lovely little coves and bays, fringed with the
luxuriant cane- fields, and enlivened by the neatly
laid-out mansions of the planters ; while the flotillas
of fishing and passage, or drogher boats, with their
long light masts and latteen sails, add life and anima-
tion to the scene. On the west coast there is an
excellent harbour, called Little Careenage with three
careening places, one for large ships, and the others
for frigates. It is accessible only to one vessel at a
time, (the entrance defended by several batteries) but
capable of holding thirty ships of the line.
The plains throughout the island are well watered,
and the mountains clothed with fine timber.
Castries, the only town in the isle, is situate at
the bottom of a long and winding bay of the same
name. The fort is situate on the summit of Morne-
forttme, which is about two miles of exceeding steep
road, or path, from Castries.
Pigeon Island is six miles distant from the harbour
of St. Lucia, and, in a military point of view, is of
great importance to the colonies, being within a short
distance of Martinique, and commanding a view of
every ship that may enter or depart from that island ;
— it is moreover valuable for a very fine and extensive
anchorage between it and the N. part of St. Lucia.
The isle is about half a mile in length N. and S. and
a quarter broad, the side towards the sea (W.) is a
perpendicular cliff, from the ridge or crest of which
there is a gradual descent to the opposite shore, and
level ground enough to erect a barrack for 500 men.
A barrack and hospital has been constructed on this
healthy spot, and it is one of the most salubrious
that can be expected in a tropical clime. St. Lucia
is divided into Basseterre, the low or leeward territory,
and Capisterre, the high or windward territory. The
former is well cultivated and most populous ; but the
climate is unwholesome from the abundance of stag-
nant waters and morasses. The latter division is also
unwholesome, but it becomes of course less so as the
woods are cleared away. Indeed the health of all
tropical countries will be found to be in proportion
to their cultivation.
IV. In 1777 the island contained whites, 2,397;
free coloured, 1,050; slaves, 10,752; total, 14,199.
The Slave Population, according to a Parliamentary Return, was in numbers,
from 1816 to 1831, as follows:—
Increase by Birth.
Decrease by Death.
Decrease by
Years.
tn
u
m
Manumission.
Si
"a
■3
a
•a
■3
e
1
73
a
(U
i
1816 ..
7394
8891
10285
.,
..
,.
..
..
1819 ..
6811
8228
15039
385
344
729
1087
906
1993
51
1822 ..
0297
7497
13794
478
446
924
691
043
1334
, 09
1825 ..
6325
7392
13717
.591
610
1207
556
483
1039
1 184
1828 ..
6280
7381
13661
587
606
1193
586
410
1002
219
1831 ..
6119
7229
13348
.581
549
1130
573
475
1048
366
70
ST. LUCIA.— POPULATION— RELIGION— EDUCATION.
The Board of Trade returns for 1831 state the inha-
bitants at — trhites and free, coloured males, 1,6'JO ;
females, l,8;iH; slaves, males, .'),242; females, 0,129
—total, males, f.,932 ; females, 7,907. The births
for the year, 451; deaths, 430; and marriages, 19.
4,190 persons engaged in agriculture, in manufac-
tures, 670 ; in commerce, 8(;.
Population of St. Lucia in 1830. [B. B.]
wi.itoo Coloured
W'"^^- Population.
Total.
nd Resi-
rangers
uded in
ceding
mn.
Persons em-
ployed iu
tn
county, District,
.
,
m
or Parish,
Z
Z
s
"ta" S3
d
s
^
S
•s
-3 P.
-a
i-I
ifi
•a
5f.S=-o
u
V
73
3
8
t
•a
s
£
&
■3
£
Aliei
den
not
the
C
Agri.
Manf.
Com.
m
»
Q
First District :
Castries .
is;t
187
383
1430
1572
29102
1623:1759
357
1370
213
286
197
17
64
Gros Uet .
18
13
31 j 477
589
1066
495 1602
60
320
! 37
S
32
3
9
Ansc la Raye .
M
23 392
495
887
406i 504
10
1
, ,
21
. ,
11
Dennery .
II
4
IS 264
315
579
275i 319
3
270
i 81
1
21
1
18
Daupliin .
4
!i
6 280
253
53,->
284 237
14
300
200
, ,
5
1
15
Second District :
1
Soufriere .
Ki;;
]()8
330 1572
1815
3387
1734' 1983
94
1478
176
17
7fi
12
74
Choiseuil .
3(1
27
S/i 501
601
1102
531; 628
14
463
59
52
8
20
I.aborie ,
23
27
50
682
869
1551
705 896
26
612
80
.•17
1
2fi
Third District :
Vieux Fort
31
43
74
479
S41
1020
510 884
7
380
159
6
35
2
17
Micoiid .
, ,
.,
, .
, , , ,
, ^
..
, ,
Fraslin
i;
7
24 568
643
1211
585 650
1
736
••
28
1
30
Total .
.5o:i
487
SI90
6645
7695
14340
7I88 8182
786
5831
1065
315
504
46
282
The foregoing taken from returns received from justices of peace, in the several quarters, being the
only source of information. The quarters in the district have been changed since the last return, for
the better accommodation of the special magistrates.
A statement of the number of Slaves for whom
compensation has been claimed, and of the number
of claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the amount of compensation awarded in each of the
classes of praedial-attached, prsedial-unattached, and
non-pnedial. [Parliamentary return to the House of
Lords, March, 1838.]
a
of
s in
lass.
ill
>
Classes.
> -
Z3^
°§1
Total.
Q
a
Oc
•tJ*^
Head People . .
332
£16997
No. of Slaves,
11
Tradesmen ....
237
9932
8355.
Inferior ditto ..
30
1003
H\
Field Labourers
Interior ditto ..
5564
2192
186550
36747
j6^250934.
■a
Head People . . .
Tradesmen
8
3
402
125
No, of Slaves,
368.
8i "•<
Inferior ditto . .
1
33
Lit
Field Labourers
256
8583
i£'1082l.
Inferior ditto ..
100
1676
Head Tradesmen
36
1810
Inferior ditto . .
36
1207
3
Head P. employ.
ed on wharfs,
No. of Slaves,
H
shipping, or
1632.
fr,
other avoca-
Amount,
a
tions ....
2
100
.^'47903,
Inf. People diiro
80
2682
!s
Head Domestics
inoi
35573
Inferior ditto . .
Children under
six years of
age on the 1st
390
0329
August, 1834.
1957
16404
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
non-effective
1006
8432
Number of claims having reference to each division,
Prsedial Attached, 332 ; Pr£Edial Unattaclied, 64 ; Non.
preedlal, 494.
V, Churches, Livings, ^r, in 1836 [B. B.] . — In Cas-
tries the population is about l.'JO souls. The value of
the living is about 300<. sterling. The church will
contain about 200, of whom from 20 to GO generally
attend. This church is Protestant.
In Castries also a population of 3382 Roman Ca-
tholics. The value of the living is not fixed. There
is a Parsonage House allowed. The church, when
finished, will contain about 800 persons. There is
also a small house serving as a chapel, which will con-
tain about 2.')0 persons.
Soufriere — Population about 3.^)17 Roman Catho-
lics, Value of living, .5,000 livres per annum. The
church is generally full.
Vieux Fort — Population 1094 Roman Catholics.
Value of living 0,000 livres sterling. There is a Par-
sonage House allowed, to which is attached 18 acres
of uncultivated land. This church will contain about
200 persons. The foregoing is taken from returns
received from the curates of the dilferent parishes.
VI, Schools of St. Lucia in 1836 [B.B,]. — Castries,
— A National School, containing 41 male scholars. The
mode of instruction is the plan generally pursued in
National Schools. The Master receives a salary of
.')0/., paid by the Bishop of the Diocese, and the rent
of the .school room is paid by voluntary subscriptions
until a house can be erected.
Soufriere. — A National School, containing 24 male
and 8 female scholars. (Mode of instruction as above).
The Master receives 40/, sterling, paid by the Bishop
of the Diocese, and the rent of the school room is paid
by voluntary subscriptions,
Gros-Islet. — A National School, containing seven
male scholars. The Master receives 40/. per annum
from the Bishop of the Diocese. (Mode of instruction
as above). The officiating Minister of St. Lucia at
present bears the expenses of this school, which has
been established but a short time. [There are no
other returns in the B. B.]
Tu
Ma
...
1H28
.3
1829
21
1830
38
1H31
.1 9
1832
60
1833
50
1834
39
1835
33
1836
49
and marriages, ly.
Iture, in manufnc-
,
^
•a
£
s
n
a
O
1P7
17
64
32
3
t)
21
, ,
11
21
1
18
S
1
15
76
12
7*
fi2
8
20
37
1
2ti
35
2
17
28
1
30
504' 46 1 28a
irs, being the
at return, for
?f) [B. B.] .—In Cas-
souls. The value of
g. Tlie church will
n 20 to CO generally
t.
)f 3382 Roman Ca-
lls not fixed. There
The church, when
persons. There is
pel, which will con-
51
7 Roman Catho-
per annum. The
Roman Catholics.
There is a Par-
attached 18 acres
will contain ahoiit
akcn from returns
ffcrent parishes.
_B. B.] . — Castries.
male scholars. The
Qnerally pursued in
iceives a salary of
icese, and the rent
ntary subscriptions
containing 24 male
itruction as above),
paid by the Bishop
school room is paid
containing seven
:'s 40L per annum
lode of instruction
;r of St. Lucia at
school, which has
;. [There are no
ST. LUCIA.— CRIME AND GAOLS— FINANCE.
VII. Number of Prisoners in the Goal of St. Lucia throughout each vear. [B. B.]
7i
i
Total number
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde- ,,
No,
meanours.
of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
(A
y
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm. Totl. Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl. Male Fm. Totl.
1828
3
2
r>
2
2
16
2
18
8
1
9
20
2
22
4
1
5
3
1829
21
22
43
11
1
12
7
7
14
22
36
2
1830
38
7
45
14
14
31
31
3
1831
.'■.9
7
CC
3
3
C
54
4
58
18
18
49
7
5C
13
1832
CO
7
67
1
1
27
5
32
32
2
34
20
2
22
39 5
44
18.33
.50
10
CO
3
3
10
4
14
18
1
19
2
3
5
18 1
19
1
1834
39
4
43
12
2
14
26
1
27
26
3
29
12
12
2
1835
33
7
40
1
1
10
4
14
21
4
25
21
4
25
10 1 4
14
3
1836
49
4
53
2
2
8
1
9
39
3
42
37
3
40
12
1
13
VIII. The inhabitants have their affairs administered
by a Governor and Council, with French laws, where
they are not adverse to the British.
St. Lucia Militia in 183C. — Northern Battalion:
Regimental Officers — 1 Lieutenant-Colonel ; 1 Major ;
'.(Captains; 10 1st. Lieutenants; 9 2nd. Lieutenants.
Staff Officers — 1 Pay-Master; 1 Sergeant-Major ; 2
Assistant Surgeons ; 1 Adjutant ; 1 Quarter Master.
Staff Sergeants — 1 Sergeant Major ; 1 Assistant Ser-
jeant Major; 1 Quarter Master Sergeant; 22 Ser-
geants ; 14 Buglers and Drummers ; 494 Rank and
File, Southern Batt. — Regimental Officers — 1 Lieu-
tenant-Colonel ; 2 Majors ; 8 Captains ; 8 1st. Lieu-
tenants ; 8 2nd. Lieutenants. Staff Officers — 1 Pay-
Master ; 1 Surgeon ; 1 Adjutant ; 1 Quarter Master ;
1 Sergeant-Major; 22 Sergeants; 16 Buglers and
Drummers ; 447 Rank and File.
The Expenditure of the Militia consists in the pay-
ment of contingencies ; viz : — Companies ; Drummers ;
Buglers and Fifers; Camp Colour; Adjutant Allow-
ances for Stationary, &c. These expenses are paid
from a fund established in each Battalion ; which is
created by the payment of Fines on absentees from
Parade; and the fees of Officers' Commissions. The
Army, and accoutrements of Soldiers are furnished by
Government. The Soldiers pay for their own cloth-
ing, and those that are unable to pay, the Colony
provides for them.
The forces of the Alien Corps, which is composed
of Martinique Refugees, consist of 1 Captain Com-
manding; 5 Lieutenants ; 15 Sergeants; and 369
Rank and File. This Corps is unarmed, it not being
considered advisable to place arms in their hands ;
they clothe themselves, and are no expense to the
Colony. (From B. B. for 1836, page 45.)
IX. The income is derived from custom duties, a
capitation tax, licences, fines, stamp duties, &c. The
poll tax is 20 livres on all adults between the ages of
16 and 60.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue of St. Lucia.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836,
Revenue:
Direct Taxes
Indirect Taxes .
3100
7327
3158
8783
2145
9926
2770
9761
3033
6419
1569
1434
2377
4776
1031
8213
290
11980
379-
13514
Total ,
10427
11941
12071
12531
94,52
3003
7153
9244
12270
13893
Expenditure :
Salaries, Civil and Judicial .
Contingencies, Civil and
Judicial
Miscellaneous .
8985
2401
387
9046
1740
137
8964
2872
200
8315
3394
295
7789
1983
371
3832
1068
241
7797
1991
297
7452
2352
161
8329
668
480
8390
2143
437
Total ,
11773
10923
12036
12004
10143
5141
10085
9965
9478
10970
In 1817, the revenue was 8,305/.; in 1820, 10,300/.; in 1826, 12,000/.
Commissariat Department. — Provisions and Forage
received from England, 2,882/.; purchased in the
Command, 3,788/.; total, 6,670/. Fuel and Light
received from England, 165/.; purchased in the Com-
mand, 217/.; total, 382/.
Miscellaneous Purchases. — Transport, 284/. ; Pay of
extra Staff (included under the head of Ordinaries
from 1st April, 1836, pay of Commissariat and Ord-
nance excepted), 153/.; Military Allowance, 694/.;
Special Services, 62/.; Contingencies, 101/.; Ord-
nance, 3,680/. ; Ordinaries, 6,705/. ; Pay of Commis-
sariat Officers, 450/. ; Total, 19,184/.
Deduct Re-pa>jments. — Commissariat, 256/. 10s. ;
Ordnance, 522/. 16s.; Total, 779/. Net charge,
18,405/. Ordnance not included. (B.B. for 1836.)
72
ST. LUCIA.— COMMERCE,— SHIPPING.
X. In 1810, the official notice of the exports was 4;j,830/, and of imports l'J3,743/.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OK ST. LUCIA. [B.H.]
Years.
IH!i2
IH2»
18UH
1H29
1830
1831
in32
1K33
1H34
183S
1836
Great Britain.
Val. £
No.
1
Toiis.|
4-491
11
2893
.113311
11
2039
43472
21
40,17
.1718-
24
5364
088fl3
24
.1304
13853
18
3972
10()0()
11
2443
ma
9
2089
817
12
2621
41/22
IS
3377
33957
11
2404
West
Indies
iVal. £
10377
1 5985
26507
33261
222K I
25889
29255
20437
32138
29964
33393
North America.
Val.£'
10417
0932
13004
10397
39-9
7851
5047
100261117
13814 125
7800 156
740 1 j 142
No
70
55
120
142
1.32
105
124
United Statci.
TonR.'Val.£
S654
3022
6328
7325
5305
6178
5250
6235
0618
0P38
5877
67O5
14271
No
3824
10593
98
1770
3517
1515
Tons,
733
2843
1780
2056
123
550
942
508
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.£
4393
2175
14222
15804
36642
13092
1.1075
93060
9870
9483
15704
No.
23
251
259
262
200
230
152
173
176
From Elsewhere, 1822, 7512/. i 1813,4706/.; 1831,369/.; 1831,80/.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons
1111
86957
110
10391
95414
91
8504
0764
97807
392
17749
8255
IIO710
425
20914
7289
212516
418
20558
8437
04885
466
20382
0194
70572
382
15943
4205
47271
279
12712
4328
58602
315
14117
5074
92488
355 16331 1
4195
9m*
371
13044
Men.
831
638
2439
2039
2634
2598
2180
1.177
1777
2005
2060
EXPORTS OF ST. LUCIA.
1823
1823
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
giOi6
18
4226
20884
67
3802
00081
16
3204
6530
5510
67
3961
1112.38
24
4657
6317
9240
107
5988
IOII9I8
22
5268
9211
6933
117
7052
104231
23
5268
10077
6647
135
796O
51807
20
4528
9710
693O
188
7973
43340
11
2518
14213
4750
131
0903
48859
11
2508
1633
4983
105
5411
52449
14
3000
9499
11944
111
6248
00524
15
3252
10558
7006
150
6788
49497
11
2492
10433
2972
129
6O74
1643
5
635
7831
30
3199
4309
Vo
1060
5800
15
1731
1307
3
315
8OO
4
445
103
4
371
971
4
378
34 1862
114104
114
10125
210
7 120
e0l64
120
1074H
3532
237 6441
130329
308
I7O86
2882
290 8845
118940
429
21165
5653
264 7537
1 200 10
442
20771
10181
249 7278
83006
407
20833
7311
284 7294
75482
441
18446
8359
191 5212
72144
313
13400
13243
223 5785
87136
352
15488
11040
191 5591
89833
300
IOOO2
15814
235 4621
79309
379
13100
844
854
2339
2207
2500
262(i
2433
1750
2OOO
2875
3194
SiiRiir, 22
U ;i
h
\ i
The principal articles of export, from 1822 to
1831, were,
1822
1823
1828
1829
1830
1831
Sugar.
7745 hds.
6061702 lbs.
7248 hds.
6836 ..
1188 ..
5776 ..
Coffee,
357 tierces.
362129 lbs.
2O9 tierces.
No Return,
do.
694 tierces.
Rum.
501 puncheons.
31950 gallons.
304 puncheons.
274
XI. Accounts are kept in pounds, shillings and pence ;
but the value of the circulating medium is thus
stated :— 12 deniers = 1 sol ; 2 sols and six deniers=:
I dog; 6 dogs or 15 sols = 1 bit ; 8 dogs, or 20 sols 1
livre ; 9 livres = 1 current dollar: 10 livrcs = 1
round dollar; 20 livres = one pound currency. There
is no paper money in circulation.
The Weights in use are the French pound and
quintal ; the pound = 2 marc (Paris) ; the marc =
8 oz. ; the oz. = 8 gros = the gros = 72 grains;
the quintal = 100 French lbs.; the French lbs. = 17
oz, 9 dr. English ; quintal of 100 French lbs. = 109
English.
The Measures are (land or square measure) ; the
carrfe, containing 3 acres, 78 perches, 28 feet square
(Paris measure) or 10,000 square paces ; the acre =
100 square perches, or 2,044 paces, 11 feet; the
perch = 2() paces, H feet, 72 inches stiuare, or 9 sciuare
toises ; the square toise = 3G square feet, or 2 paces,
I I feet, 72 inches square ; the square pace = 12 square
feet, and 30 square inches; the squaie foot = 144
square inches ; the square inch = 144 square lines,
Long measure : the toise = ('> feet French ; the foul
= 12 inches; the inch = 12 lines; the French foot
= 12 and 2-3rd inches British. Cloth measure: the
aune or ell = 3 feet 8 inches ; and it is subdivided
into one-half, one-third, one-fourth, and one-eighth ;
the ell = 1 yard lOj inches. Wine measure : gallon
= 2 pots; 1 pot = 2 pints (Paris measure), 1 pint
= 2chopines; I chopine = 2 roquils; 1 roquil = 2
muces. Dry measure : the barrel = 44 quarts, or
55 pots; the half barrel = 27 pots; the quarter
ditto = 13J pots ; the half quarter ditto C 7-8th pot.s,
XII. The number of stock in the island is, horses
578 horned cattle, 2,239; sheep, 1,741 ; and goats, 594,
The quantity of agricultural produce in 1831 was,
sugar, 5,561,815 hogsheads; coftee, 149,571 hogs-
heads; cocoa, 33,515 hogsheads; rum, 90,C87 galls, ;
molasses, 224,700 gallons. The number of acres of
land under each crop was — in sugar canes, 4,7,")2;
coffee, 696; cocoa, 316; provisions, 4,049; pasture,
4,685 — total, 11,321; leaving uncultivated — acres,
26,134.
Prices of Produce and Merchandise in 183().—
Horned cattle, 13/. each; horses, 25/.; sheep, 1,'«.
goats, \0s.; swine, U. 10*. ; salt butter, 4/. 10s. per
firkin; cheese, lOs.; beef, 6/. per barrel; mutton,
l.f. per lb. ; pork, 7/. per barrel ; rice, 1/. 5*. per lOd
lbs. ; coffee, 41. per ditto ; tea, 6s. per lb. ; sugar, M.
per ditto ; salt, 9s. per barrel ; wine, 1 2s. per dozen
bottles ; tobacco, 3/. 10s. per cvvt.
Wages for Labour. — Domestic, 2s, per day ; preedlal,
2s. per ditto ; trades, 3s. per ditto.
atVipi
I * •
3,743/.
Total.
No.
Tons
Men.
110
10391
Hal
fli
HAOI
638
•.m
1774!)
2431J
41i5
201)44
2039
41H
iiOSSH
2fi34
4f)6
2U38'i
250H
■M2
isg43
21H(i
a"U
12712
1«77
3 in
14117
17"
lifts
1S33I
2005
371
13U44
2U0()
114
120
368
429
442
46/
441
313
352
360
379
1052ri
1074K
17086
21165
20771
2083:i
18446
13466
1548M
1600-J
13166
844
854
2339
2207
2500
2626
2433
1750
2060
2875
2194
DOMINICA.— LOCALITY— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
Return of the Produce, Stock, &r. of St. Lucia In IHSn. [B.U.]
73
^
No. of Acres In each Crop.
No. of Stock.
Qiiiintity of I'roil
lice.
fi
tS
Nnmo of the
CD
if
js
.
c
Cdiinty, District,
or rnrlHli.
a
u
a
3
q
3
tn
a
V
£
S'o. of acres
IicultivateJ
s
01
cn
Rl
3
If.
J3
3
■*■
X
i
s J
1^
t«
!)
U
21
u
a<
a.
trf
=
-
X
»7
49
u
-1
u
-i
■J
rCrtHtrics
917
..
1125
<)6o
2072
iiiikiKiwn
ft-
296
5371100
20'MI
31011
126110
172(H>
V.
(JroR llet
21H
31
, ,
. .
176
4. ',8
8i:i
Miikiiown
l8:i
48'.;
2711
4:.
336IMIO
6200
, ,
I'JOO
9100
o\
Anse la Raye
25(1
!)
15
I
200
280
475
tiiikiiown
/ -
157
70
lOM
2811100
, .
, ,
600U
1500»
t.
Dcnncry
295
45
3
397
655
740
4582
Kill
21'.?
115
JO
370'MIO
15200
11
1587
740'i
Dnnplilii
190
18
I
..
233
204
415
llllklKIWIl
311
1811
100
8|l
3700110
3000
iiion
15(100
lioix)
Soufrlerc
621
•''77
101
, ,
5HU
498
1877
iiiikiinwn
125
370
11(1
7ti
6ii5:i(Ml
UI'OOO
2150(1
, ,
7((i'i
7510
■a J
ClioiscHll
155
53
13
, ,
305
330
52li
•.1261
1(1
1J4
■2
61
1650110
4 17"
l6.'n
, ,
2100
IHO'l
ffi
I.nhorie
2(i6
12
12
H
360
277
658
1206
56
2:17
187
w(i
1111310
411
3211
300
4900
71011
rvienx Fort ..
418
14
4
. .
569
520
ioo.->
IH9I
42
315
2(l6
67
5(i lOOII
1200
,.
•
15610
■0.
Micoiul
•s
I'rasliii
112
&
6
7 -'5
550
818
udUiiowm
45
275
425
130
835100
1318010
200
16318!!
IIOKI
•00
MlOO
•.'4675
Total .
3.12
727
215
18
4670
4732
9is'i
750
2678
1672
72:1
HOI
('8187
1
108195
Sugar, 22s (id. per cwt. -, ("offco, 70.s-.
liatc of Kxi-lmiiKC in 1836.-
(Iii. ; Cocoa, '.'8,s. do. ; Cotton, (J//, per Hi.-, Kiim, I v. I Or/, per cnllon ; MiiItits, k./. do.
-I'rivutu bills, at yu days Kiglit, on Lonilon, t'227 currency lor .t\»» sterlini;.
CHAPTER VIII.— DOMINICA.
= 144 square linos,
;t French ; the tool
;s ; the French foot
Cloth measure : the
nd it is subdivided
th, and one-eigiitli;
ne measure : gallon
is measure), 1 pint
[(juits; 1 ro(iuil = 2
el = 44 quarts, or
lots ; the quarter
ditto 6 7-8thpots.
\e island is, horses
41 ; and goats, TiW.
duce in 1831 was,
ce, 149,571 hogs-
rum, 90,G87 galls.;
umber of acres of
gar canes, 4,7.V2;
s, 4,049 ; pasture,
cultivated — acres,
pidize in 183().—
2!r>l.; sheep, 1,')«.
Ibutter, 41. \Qs. per
Ir barrel ; mutton,
|ce, \l. Tis. per lOd
per lb. ; sugar, M.
te, 12s. per dozen
1. per day ; prjcdial,
SncTioN I. The island of Dominica is situated in
l,'i.2."i.N., fil.l.'i.W., about twenty-nine miles in length,
and sixteen in breadth, and containing 27"> s(iunre
miles, or 18(1,430 acres.
II. Dominica was the fir.'st land seen byCohimbiis on
his second voyage, after having been 20 days at sea
from the Canaries : it was made on Sunday, the 3rd.
of November 1493, and so named by the great navi-
gator; but its right of occupancy was claimed by the
three kingdoms, of Kngland, France, and Spain. The
right of possessi(m remained undecided, and Doininica
was considered a neutral island by the three crowns,
till the year 17.''>9, when, by conquest, it fell under
the dominion of Great Britain; it was afterwards ceded
to Kngland by the treaty of Paris, February 17()3.
On the cession of the island to the F.iiglisb, commis-
sioners were appointed under the great seal, and sent
out there with niithiirity to sell and disjiose of the
lands by public sale, to Knglisli subjects in all itinents
'of not more than 100 aercs of such land as was
cleared ; and not exceeding 3('0 acres of woods to any
persons who should be the best bidiler for the same.'
These allotments were disposed of for the benefit of
the crown, and were confirmed to the purchaser by
grants, under the Great Seal of Kngland, with con-
ditions in each grant, ' that every purchaser should
pay down 20 per cent, of the whole purchase money,
together with sixpence sterling per acre, for the
expence of surveying the land; and that the remainder
of the purchase money should be secured by bonds,
to he paid by equal instalments, in the space of five
years, next after the date of the grants. That each
purchaser should keep on the lands, so by him pur-
chased, one white man, or two white women for every
1(10 acres of land, as it became cleared, for the
purpose of cultivating the same. Or, in default
thereof, (u- non-paynu'iit of the purchase money, the
lands wcic to be forleited to His Majesty, his heirs,
1.
and successors.' The commis.'iioners were also em-
powered to execute leases to the French inhabitants,
of such lauds as were found in their possession on the
surrender of the island ; which lands were iiL'iiin
leased to those inhabitants, who were desirmn of
keejiing them in possession, on consideration ol their
taking the oaths of alleginnce to his Uritaniiic Ma-
jesty.
These leases were executed for a term not less than
seven, some 14 years, and others for 40 years abso-
lute, renewable at the time limited for the expiration
of the same. With conditions in every lease, 'That
the possessor, his heirs, or assigns, should pay to his
Majesty, bis heirs, or successors, the sum of two
shillings sterling per annum, for every acre of land of
which the lease should consist. And that they should
not sell or dispose of their lands without the consent
and approbation of the Governor, or Commander in-
chief of that island for the time being.' The Com-
missioners were likewise empowered to make grants,
under the Great Seal of lots to poor settlers, to such
Fnglish subjects as should be (leemed tit objects of
his Majesty's bounty, in allotments of not more than
30 acres of land to any one person. With authority
also, to the said commissioners, to reserve and keep
such lands, in the most convenient jiarts of the island
as they should think proper, for foitificalions, and the
use of Ilis Majesty's army and navy ; together witii a
boundary of .'JO feet from the sea shore, round the
whole island ; and reserving all mines of gold and
silver, which might thereafter be discovered there, for
the use of his Majesty, bis heirs, and ■successors.
By these measiuTs 90,314 acres (hidf the island,)
were disposed of in lots of from TiO to 100 acres,
which produced 312,090i. sterling. The prosjierity of
the island rapidly increased under a system of free
trade; but the happiness of the inhabitants was inter-
ruptcil on the capture of the island, by a large French
! >tk
m-'t
74
DOMINICA.— OROGRAPHY, GKOLOGY, MINKRAI.OGY, SOIL, AND CLIMATE.
forcp, from Mnrtinirnip, under the Marquis dt- Rouillf',
in 177H, after a Knilnnt resistance on the part of the
Hritish colonists, by which they secured for them-
selves hi(;hly honourable terms ; tliese ndvantaBCs
were, however, frustrated by the tyranny and ra-
pacity of the new French Governor, the Marcpiis
Duehillcnu, whose memory is deservedly held in the
deepest scorn. After five years, our colonists were
rejoiced on the restoration of the island to Kngland at
the pence of 17H3. During the war of IHO,'"), a devns-
fating descent was mode on the Island of Dominica
liy n formidable French s(|uadron ; and although
Roseau, the capital was burned, the (;olony was pre-
served to Great lirifnin by the skill of Sir George
I'rcvost, and the gallant behaviour of the colonists.
The island has ever since remained under the domi-
nion of Great Uritain.
In 1H02, the HtbW. 1. (black) regiment mutinied
took possession of the Cabrites, and from the lower
fort o])ened a fire on II. M.S. Magnificent, then at
anchor in Prince Rupert's bay. The marines were
landed, joined the royal Scotch and ()8th regiments,
and, after two days skirmishing, the 8th W. I. was
subdued with great loss.
III. Dominica is one of the volcanic isles of the West,
with lofty rugged mountains, and fertile intervening
valleys, watered by about 30 fine rivers, and number-
less rivulets, springs, and waterfalls, which descend
with great impetuosity from the hills, and, under the
umbrageous canopy of lofty and magnificent forests,
form the most romantic cascades. The height of the
elevations have been thus noted : — Morne Diablotin,
or Terre Firme, .'),314 feet above the sea; Laroche,
4,150; Coulisboune, 3,379; Outer Cabrite, ■')-12;
Inner ditto, 430 ; Morne Crabier, 48.5 ; Morne Bruce,
4f>.5 ; Daniolc, 32<J. The heights of the forts and
batteries are Scots' Head, 231 feet; Melville's, 147;
Magazine Bat. 320 ; Hospital ditto, 440 ; Fort Young,
440; Fort Shirley, l.'iS; Barracks. at Douglas Bay,
12() ; Grand Savannah, 170; Layon, 160. About
six miles from Roseau, almost in the centre of the
island, and on the top of a very high mountain, sur-
rounded by other more lofty hills, is a large lake of
fresh water, covering a space of several acres, and in
some places unfathomable; it spreads into three dis-
tinct branches, and has a very extraordinary appear-
ance. Roseau, the capital, is situate in the parish of
St. George, (about seven lcag\ies from Prince Rupert's
Bay), on a point of land on the S. W. side of the
island, which point forms two bays — Woodbridges to
the N. and Charlotteville to the S. 'The landscape
behind the town is beautifully grand ; indeed the
whole prospect from the edge of Morne Bruce, a lofty
table-rock occupied by the garrison, is one of the
very finest in the West Indies. The valley runs up
for many miles in a gently inclined plane between
mountains of irregular heights and shapes, most of
which are clothed up to their cloudy canopies with
rich parterres of green coffee, which |)erfumcs the
whole atmosphere, even to some distance over the
sea; the river rolls a deep and roaring stream down
the middle of the vale, and is joined at the outlet of
each side ravine by a mountain torrent, whilst at the
top, where the rocks converge into an acute angle, a
cascade (alls from the apex, in a long sheet of silvery
foam. Beneath, the town presents a very different
appearance from what it does at sea ; the streets are
long and spacious, regularly paved, and intersecting
each other at right angles ; there is one large square,
or promenade ground, and the shingled roofs of the
houses, tinged with the intense blue of the heaven
above them, seem like the newest slates, and renund
one of that clear and distinct look which the gocid
towns of France have when viewed from an emi-
nence.
The roadstead of Roseau (it can scarcely be called
a harbour) is very capacious and safe, except in the
hurricane months, (from the end of August to Octo-
ber), when the sea, from the southward, tumbles
into the bay in a terrific manner, sonietinies rising td
an alarming height. On the last day of September,
17H0, the sea suddenly rose to the height of 21 feet
perpendicular above its usual level, destroying scvenil
iiouses in front of the beach and wrecking many
vessels. The fortifications of Roseau, namely Youii^''s
Fort, Melville's Battery, Briice's Hill, and Fort De
moulin, are very strong and commanding positions.
Prince Rupert's Bay, on the N. W. of the island in
St. John's parish, is three miles broad, one and a halt
deep, and safe and commodious enough for the wlioL'
British navy at all seasons : it is surrounded by two
high mountains, called the Cabrittes, the inner uf
which is about 500, and the other C'OO feet in perpen-
dicular height, both out of the reach of any other
elevated land. Ff)rt Shirley lies betwen the two
Cabrittes, with a rich plain of 100 acres in extent iit
its base, and in time of war the fortifications on
these heights might be rendered as .strong as Gibral-
tar. The grand Savanna, nine miles from Prince
Rupert's Bay, and twelve from Roseau, is a fine fertile
elevated plain, upwards of a mile in extent, and at a
good distance from the neighbouring mountains,
whose terraces jut out from their breasts: around
whose declivities fiourish the richest verdure, while
murmuring cascades of babbling brooks, burst throu!,'li
the luxuriant vegetation, or roll along the hilly ave-
nues, surrounded by magnificent piles of rocks, sonic-
times black and bare, sometimes green, with countless
traceries of lovely creepers, inter-sperscd with gigantic
ferns and lofty palms.
IV. Dominica, is volcanic : the soil in some places
is a light brown coloured mould, which appears to have
been washed down from the mountains, mixed with
decayed vegetable matter. In the level country,
towards the sea coast, and in many districts of the
inteiiur, it is a fine, deep, black, mould, peculiarly
adapted to the cultivation of the sugar cane, coft'ee,
cocoa, and all other articles of tropical produce.
The under stratum is a yellow, or brick clay, in some
parts ; in others, it is a stiff terrace, and frequently
very stoney. Large quantities of excellent freestone
have been quarried in the Savanna, and at one time
it formed an article of export to Guadaloupc and
elsewhere.
Several of the mountains of this island are conti-
nually burning with sulphur, of which they emit vast
quantities. From these mountains issue various
springs of mineral waters, (whose virtues are extolled
for the cure of many disorders) which in some places
are hot enough to cook an egg in less time than
boiling water. The sulphureoiis exhalations from
these springs are very strong, often too intensely pe-
netrating for continued respiration, while the soil, or
sulphur and sand, around them in the Sotiffriercs, is
too hot for the feet, and scarcely firm enough to tread
upon. Owing to the dense vegetation of the island,
and the general apathy of W. I. planters for any thing
but sugar and coft'ee, we know nothing f'urthtr of
the geology of Dominica. It is stated that gold and
silver mines exist, and that the latter metal was at
one time to be found in abundance.
V.
T
lloseau,
hut in t
much
r
woollens
cover
"g
if
TO
01
30
at
^
o
3i'
? 73 :
so:
" c V
- £,q
^.^■^
d. o. ^
IMATE.
alati's, and reminil
)k wiiich the (;(i(«i
^■cd from an unii-
1 scnrrrly be cnllnl
sale, except in the
of August to Octo-
;)iitli\vard, tumhks
sonu'times rising tn
day of Scptemlicr,
he height of 21 fi'ct
, destroying scvenil
1(1 wrecking many
m, namely Ynun;;'s
Hill, and Fort Dc
manding positions.
W. of the island in
road, one and a hall
longli for the whoie
surrounded by two
•ittes, the inner ui'
COO feet in pcrpen-
reach of any otlu'i-
s betwen the two
[) acres in extent iit
he fortifications on
js strong as Gibrai-
miles from I'rincu
seau, is a fine fertile
in extent, and at a
louring mountains,
cir breasts : arouiul
hest verdure, while
ooks, burst through
along the hilly avc-
liles of rocks, sonic-
rcen, with countless
persed with gigantic
soil in some places
hich appears to have
ntains, mixed with
he level country,
ny districts of the
mould, peculiarly
sugar cane, cofl'ec,
tropical produce,
Ibrick clay, in some
(■(', and frequently
excellent freestone
la, and at one time
|o Guadaloupc and
island are conti-
lich they emit vast
lins issue various
virtues are extolled
Jiich in some places
|in less time than
exhalations from
I too intensely pe-
I, while the soil, or
the Souffrieres, is
Im enough to tread
Ition of the island,
liters for any thing
lothing further of
Ited that gold and
litter metal wa-i at
DOMINICA.— CLIMATE— rOPULATION.
75
V. The following thermometrical rigistcr is for
Uiiseau, the capital (hit. 1.'..1H. N. ; long. HI. 22. \V.) ;
hut in the interior and on the mountains the heat is
much reduced, and indeed so cold as to render
woollens indispensable for body clothing and bed
covering.
January.. ,.
February ..
March
April
May
June
July
August ....
September. .
October
November . .
MONTHS.
OOODOOQDOOQOQDOOQOODOO
Max,
o
X
n
H
m
w
»J ID 00 «> »1 X »I -1 -^I -T -I
Med.
n -M -1 ^t -1 ^i .^1 ^j ^ J) ^
Min,
E.N.E.andN.
E.N.E. and S.E.
N.E. to S.E.
E.N.E. & S.E. & by S.
N.E. to S.E. and E.
S.E. and E. to N.E.
Ditto.
S.E. and N.E.
S. and S.E.
N.E. to S.E.
Ditto.
WINDS.
Cloudy atmosphere.
Cool, showery.
Fair, sometimes cloudy.
Ditto, moderate breeze.
Calm and clear.
Ditto, and sultry and rainy.
Ditto, and cold nights.
Ditto, ditt , thunder storms.
Generally fair, rain.
Cloudy and fair ditto.
Fine, dry atmosphere.
B
>
o
I
w
n
«^
D
a
g
o
3
o
The wet season commonly sots in about the end of
August, and continues till about the beginning of
January, but with frequent intervals of fine weather.
The severity of the rainy season is usually in the
months of September and October, when very heavy
continual rain falls for days together ; sometimes for
two or three weeks. The island, indeed, is seldom
without rain in some part or the other ; and often,
during a promising day, the traveller meets with such
sudden and heavy showers, that almost in an instant
wet him to the skin, in spite of either umbrella or
great coat. When the rains are violent and of long
continuance, they do great mischief in the island
among the plantations, carrying away large tracts of
land, with cofl'ee, plantain trees, sugar canes, and
ground provisions, which are all hurried into the sea.
To the towns also they do great damage, causing the
rivers to overflow their banks, or breaking out in
fresh places, sweeping off houses, or whatever else
stands in the way of these destructive torrents.
Thunder and lightning is seldom so severe in Do-
minica as in many parts of the West Indies ; neither
are earthquakes so frequent or so destructive, it has
been asserted, that soon after the English first took
possession of the island, it was split in several places
hy one of those awful convulsions of nature ; and in
particular, a large chasm was made in a mountain
called Demoulins, so deep, that, although it was
several times attemi'ted, it never could be fathomed ;
the traces of this reninrkable circumstance have,
however, long sinee disiippemed.
V'l. Doniinicn, in HIiil', cuntoined '.CtH Ciiribs, anil
;M'J French occupied the part of the const which had
been abandoned liy the imtivts, and wliiih they cul-
tivated liy the aid of 2:\ free mulattos, atid .l.'fM slaves.
At the peace of 17(;;», the island contained f'.OO whites,
and 2,000 blacks; in 177.'!, :i,;t:.0 whites, 20,000
negroes; and, in I7SH, the population consisted of
1,2;«) whites; 44,') free negroes; and I4,;)()7 slaves.
Total, l(i,r.4H. In 1792, the negroes were— males,
('i,4.1H; females, r),214; malt' and female children,
4,4(12; total, 1(1,244. In 1 "'.)«, the number of slaves
was 14,9(17. In 180.^), 1,.'.94 whites, 2,822 free co-
loured, 22,08;i slaves.
The slave population since 1817,
1817 s(f24 !):i:!5
1820 ;(|1!» HfiH.I
iH'j;i7tH'j H'2:)2
1H2() ;;i(i;i S030
1831 I
o
H
l"9.'i<)
Increase by Decrease by Manu-
ilirth. I Death. mission.
1 13
V o
b : H
lfi354 72P
157U| 0!)
l.'.:i(J2
OS'Ji
;o4 1 i;)3
fi-:t l:if)4
630 iMg
I
913
81H
706
Ha;i 1748
"U!l 1,327
7271 uga
e
113
206
The population, as given in the Board of Trade re-
turns for 18.31, whites and free-coloured, males, 1 120 ;
females, 2538 ; slaves, males, Onr^'j ; females, 7373. —
Total males, 8979; females, 9991. = 18,970.
In 1832. Bu-</is— Protestant, 94 ; Roman Catholic,
.'i,')2. Marriages — Protestant, 21 ; Roman Catholic,
.18. B«/('a/«— Protestant, 87 ; Roman Catholic, 99.
Births, marriages and deaths in the Town of Roseau,
in 1830 — Baptisms, .'>.'); marriages, 18; burials, (15.
There has been no population return since 1833.
e
M !>. r-. Tl l>. 0> O O M C-l C^
Oi in o 1^ »n 1-* 3i r: oi *.o -f
CD 'X -r -• irj « ?1 rri S'. -r »-i
n -^ rj Ti ?i «o <?>rc ■* i>. -*
-" ?: O) i->. f tn CO ?■) CO I" f
-^ « o I >, ■* to Oi"x"ao^i^ "
© i-» M lo X to ci t ^ s I - a»
IN 'O «3 n ?) rt (N !>.=>© -M
(N »n 01 ■^ — Tl — (Tl
JZ
^
a
a
o
• ho
■ 9-7i
i CO '73 n 75 X C/3 (fi M CO C/1
.J3
Is
i I!
ulrf:
* '" r !.^ 'm
1
1
■ji:.:- I
1
i
1
ilj
I
Ji'll
llll 'r I I
mi ■
■Hi
76
Niitnl)cr mill viiliiation of tlic SInvf Pitpulutiiin of
1)i)iiiiiiii-ii, on tlu' Ifit of Au);iiHt, iH.'il ; ns KivfU in
by thu Mworu valiicrh and cluit^titiiTH u|i)ioint(Ml by tbc
HHKisinnt coMiiniiisioncrs of coniiiunitation for tbat
|iiirpoHC.
Val. in Stig.
DOMINICA— POPULATION— UKMOION—KnUCATION—CUIMK AND GAOLS.
VII. Chnrvhon, lAriniri, iVc. flVH, ]— A church in the
town of UoKcnu, parinh t)f St. OoorK>'i capable of coti.
tainiDii; about KKI pcnioiiK, nf whom from 100 to -'iio
generally attend : value of living, J-IO/. sterling, ami
ML per annum allowed for parsonagc-houMc. A
(•Impel Hchool nt St. Joseph's, accommodating about
I.IO persons, of whom 40, chiefly children, generally
attend. There are also two dissenting places of W()rslii|)
in the parish of St. George; one in St. Joseph, and
one in St. Andrew'ii,
VIM. Schnoh in lH3r,. [n. H.] Three public or free
schools in Roseau, M male scholars (supjiorted by
the bi 'lop of the diocese) ; one infant school, Tiii
femnl .scholars; one ditto, with 47 male and :i;i
femah' .scholars (supported by voluntary contributions.
A house, which has recently come into possession of
the ,'colony, has been granted by the Legislature to
the Dominica District Committee for the use of the
schools). One public or free school in the town ol'
St, Joseph, '22 male and I.'i female scholars (supported
by the nishoj) of the diocese).
Town of Uo.seau
Parish of Saint George .
St. Paul
St. Joseph . . .
St. Peter
St. John
St. Andrew.. .
St. David
St. Patrick . . .
St. Mark
St. Luke
Total for the island
34304
liTMo;*
!)4 1 1 2
(i'JCc'.M
4.M.1H
KC.Hon
2ii;<jc,
859HI
449 U'l
43 1 22
UI.IO £. 71H2H7
Making the average value of each slave in sterling?
.')0/. 1 5.«.2.y.')!»7(/. nearly. Among the number valuerl are
included 210.') children under six years of age who are
now free by the operation of the Abolition Act: also
are included 397 aged, diseased or otherwise non-
ell'ective. — [Dominica Almanack, 1H37.]
A statement of the number of Slaves for whom
Comjicnsation has been claimed, and of the Niirnbcr
of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Pnedial-attached, Prxdial-unattached,
and Non-Praedial. [Parliamentary Return to the House
of Lords, March, Ih3H.]
>**
g
m
Classes.
^$"
Total.
V
Ec-g
cog
a
u
U3 °
m
Hcnil People ..
rradesmen
Inferior ditto . .
Klelcl l.alHmrers
.417843
-u68
Itiill
15!)IW5
No. of Slaves,
9829.
Amiiiint
Ji-iiiUJO.
<
Inferior ditto . .
ayss
3y()2l
31
Head People. . . .
Tradesmen
II
20
316
074
No. of Slaves,
f)3l>.
Kb'
Inferior ditto ..
1 1
2J4
Field Labourers
40U
KiHii;
AiiKiunt
£14483.
Inferior ditto .
101
asUo
lleiidTrade^'men
33
()48
inferior ditto ..
:n
602
•a
Head 1'. emiiloy.
1
§
cd on wharls,
sliippinsr, or
other avoca-
tions
Inf. People ditto
12
4S
327
il4H
No. of Slaves,
11 119.
Atnoiuit
£•25397.
A
Head Domestic
Servants ....
231
0194
L
Infr. Domestics
Children under
six years ol
age on the 1st
84a
16310
J
August, ld'J4..
2113
9713
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
non-effective
398
762
Number of claims having reference to each division.
Prscdial attached, 411; Prwdiol unattached, 162: Non>
proidial, 468.
n
00
00
00
s
o
g
a
o
61)
3
O
c
S
o
a
a
e
o
01
s
3
•StUUOQ
M . (M . . M -H — ,
No. of untried
Prisoners.
i
. o — « (M i'? evi ^ .
. . . . (N C4 . • ■
-a
. O -< -< O W <N rC .
c
_o
"3
o
d
'A
E-
O « CI t^ t to o t o
-> -< t -t Ul
. . . . W S^ O (N -H
• • • • ^, ,-H ,-H
■a
a
1-^ •-« cc cs <0
. . . . -H F- . «> 'f
.... , (M (N
i
I- -<
. . . . « ^ . (M n5
.... . (N c>q
t
d S
i
. -H IM 00 ^1 O w C» 00
W CO ■^ — O
. . . . CI rr o 00 t
41
•a
.-Hc^ooovor^ — ^
IN d e»5 -- Tj>
o
4-*
X>
<u
Q
o
d
1
i
b*
■a
iNTr>i<eoeo^»^iNW
1-^ ^
, . . ^ _ rt e^ Tf -H
... <-t
lM'>!tTl<(N(N«'O00lM
CO
Total number
of Prisoners.
1
i
(fa
, . —t •-> rf m oi lo o\
. . rt —< in
>—*
OVDOOiMOiMfOO
•saT53^\
oiiNcocofocoeocoMco
OOODQOOOOOOOOOQOOOOO
X. Thcl
of eight,
sentative
general hil
The militl
3 Majors j
lSurgi'oii|
mers ; mi;
lent body I
The liiNvl
statute laJ
euinstancil
listly intcT
eolonies ill
of assemblj
Ib'itain an[
civil jurisil
eomplaint'l
GAOLS.
HI— A church in the
orKc, cnpaldc of c(iri.
loin I'roiii ino to Jiio
, 2'1()/. stcrlinR, ami
arHonnRC-hnuMC. A
:coinmi><latiii!; about
y chihlrci), generally
:inK|ilacciiof worslil|i
it> ill St. Joseph, and
Three public or frri'
lolnrs (supported by
le iiit'ant school, flu
:li 47 mnle and .'Kt
intnry cuntributiorn,
le into possession of
y the Legislature to
.' tor the use of fho
:hool in the town of
I scholars (supported
»!-<-<
<M iC (N 1< .
(N C4 . • .
o m <N ^ .
t <o m t o
^H ^H ^ TJ* 40
M N O M -<
(N ^ >n iM o»
-H — C«5 CO t<5
. C4 (N
• • • ^ 'H
1 —> . M CO
M o t^ a> 00
M CO T)" -4 l«
M t O 00 -J
5 ID t^ -< T)"
>! C-) CO — ^
5 Tf t^ (M CO
< -H (N rf -H
1 CO O 00 C>1
CO
5 1 35
12 ! 54
16 '■ 60
152 430
o
CO
rr
00
CO
§3
3
00
CO
00
CO
00
00
DOMINICA.— nOVKRNMKNT
X. There i»BLleut.-(ioveriior,a Legislative Council
of eiRht, an Kxecutive, n Council of IJ, and a Uepre-
sentntive LeKislative Assembly of I'O Members. The
general business is managed as in the other colonics. I
The militia in IH'M) consisted of 10 Lieut. -Co'iinrls ; 1
3 Majors; 17 Captains; 21 Lieutenants; N Knsigns ,
I Surgeon ; I Quarter Master ; T) I Serjeants ; \',\ Drum-
iners ; Hiil Rank and File; Total, 1092. An exetl-
lent body of men.
The laws in force in the island are the common
statute law of England, so far as is applicable fo cir-
cumstances ; acts of |)nrliament declared or nmir
lestly intcniled to apply to the island, or to the
colonies in general ; and the acts of the island house
of assembly, when not repugnant to the laws of Great
Britain and sanctioned by the crown. The courts of
civil jin'isdiction are those of chancery, common pleas,
comi>laints, error, admiralty, and the merchant court.
AND MILITARY— riNANCE. 77
This latter court was revived and regulated by tlic law
of Dominica, number 71, passed ni IhI7. It ii a
court of record, and the proees* and proceedings are
conformable to those of the court of comnton pleat.
The complaint court is for the recovery of debts, up
to 2.')/. The court of common pleas consists of a
cliii'f and four other judges. The court of grand ses.
sions uf the pence consists of the Lieut. -Governor
'not bcihK eoiiinander-in-ebief), the Members of
C</nncil,the Spi'(ik*fr. and all the Justices of the I'eaco
who trt? Members of Hie House of Assembly. The
Chief JuAtlct- presides, and the other judges seldom
Interfere. The court sits twice yearly. Any three
JiMtires of the Court (Iding Members of (-'ouncil)
may nl iiiy time take bail, as In flie Knglish (,'ourt of
King's Hench. The preceding uiid the (^ourt of
(jueen's Uench have alone criminal jurisdiction ill the
island.
XL The revenue is raised generally os in the other West Indian colonicf .
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Ucvenuc and Expenditure of Dominico, in Pounds. [B. D.]
j 1827.
1
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
REVENUE.
Licenses for retailing wines and
spirits ....
200
343
190
240
250
320
392
320
350
263
Duties on wines and spirits
459
li02
198
245
1.^)2
398
299
352
302
453
Income tax and tax on slaves
1204
4350
7157
3374
3218
624
Duties under Acts of Parlia-
ment ....
943
840
1315
1716
1451
882
1250
Tonnoge duty
567
581
595
Miscellaneous
26410
23900
28409
29704
22473
24I1C
34
15
81
1510
Total £
292 IG
25285
28797 30189
2H.'i41
33709
6120
3905
2197
4695
EXPENDITURE.
Salaries to Public Officers .
6300
6900
8319
5788
6319
7708
2806
1691
831
2441
Accounts against the Colony
445
1456
1055
439
796
1315
Custom Department .
2395
Miscellaneous
22527
22164
20924
24206
21195
22771
5098
2224
753
2150
Total £
28827
29064
29243
29994
27959
31935
•8959
4354
2380
8301
* The diminution between 1832 and 1833 must have been owing to the cessation of a parliamentary
grant for military protection. There is a local assessment of 2i per cent, on the rental of houses in Roseau,
wliich produces £300 per annum. There is a paper currency of 2,000 dollars=£360 sterling, in notes of two
and four dollars each, payable in coin on demand at the Colonial Treasury. The amount of coin in the
island is not ascertainable.
Recapitulation of the Establishment. — Paid by Great
Britain in sterling money : Civil Establishment, 2600/.;
Judicial Establishment, 1800/.; Ecclesiastical Esta-
blishment, 180/.; total, 4580/. Paid by the Colony
in sterling money: Civil Establishment, 1032/.; Ju-
dicial Establishment, 120/.; Ecclesiastical Establish-
ment, 280/. ; Pension, 39/. ; total, 1471/. [B.B. 1836.]
Commissariat Expenditure hy Great Britain. — Pro-
visions and forage: received from England, 2219/.;
purchased in command, 2868/. = 5088/. Received
from England, 71/. ; purchased in command, 144/.=
2IC/. Miscellaneous purchases, 10/.; transport, 236/.;
pay of extra staff, 160/. ; military allowances, 813/. ;
special licenses, 77/. ; contingencies, 48/. ; ordnance,
3,026/. ; ordinaries, 5,378/. ; pay of commissariat
officers, 612/.= 15,667/. Deduct rc-payments : com-
missariat, 172/.; ordnance, 302/.=475/. Nett charge,
15,192/. [U.B. 1836.]
Ordnance erj)enditure by Great Britain. — Ordnance
service, 1,003/.; barrack service, 1,606/.; Agents to
ordnance military corps, 380/. ; ordnance military
service, 24/. Nett charge, 3,013/. [B. B.]
XII. During the year ending 5th of January, 1788,
its exports were, — Sugar, 1,302 cwt. ; Rum, 63,392
gallons; Molasses, 16,803 gallons; Cocoa, 1,194
cwt.; Coffee, 18,149 cwt.; Indigo, 11,2.50 lbs.;
Cotton, 970,816 lbs. ; Cotton, 161 cwt.; Hides, dye
woods. &c. 11,912/. lOs.Od.
)i(
7H DOMINICA.— COMMKIUM'. STAIM.K I'HOJll'CTS, PllICKS AND PROrr.RTY.
IMl'OKI'S. KXl'OKTS, AND SIIII>l'lN(i OK DOMINICA.
Oroat Urlhilii.
Wont
North America.
Unlti'd States.
KorvlKii States.
Total.
Vear».
Vnl. £
'VM.£
No.' Tons.
Val. f
Vnl. £ No.' Tons.
No, TonH.
Vnl.f
No.
7l>
Tons.
;t.^88
Vnl. M-
No.
Ton*.
8i):l8
Mm.
iHa;
:ii:i(io
!l
•Jl,'.;i
'iO<l(l(l
do :n!»7
..
..
MlOO
(!li:liio
148
IS'.'S
' ;i'Ji;.'>
I'i
:ill(!
sjis;
8I!I'J
,":i :i7!)4
, ,
:tai.'.'.' 107
4.M8
8l.^(l(i
Mi-J
1 1 l.'iM
ii(><)
isv>!»
:iiii!is
!t
l!)HS
:i;is(i:i SKi.M
HII ■l:l!)8
. .
1'J!I7'.' i-'ii
,^•JI4
S(i:i4;t
ai.'i
IKiilO
I'.';.'.
isaii
1 ni:il(i
/
iilii'j
■J(i;iiii ..
K() IIIH
laiKvr i:ii
.Mil
l!)(il.^
aji
mill
is:ii
; .'.tills
II
:i:iii;
iiir.'s (il:i.%
.SI ii;,'i
1608, II
laaa
7(>l(i MIS
aiii.^
s 1 s:t,'i
■ill
II701I
1 1 Mi
ih:1'J
; :i:.-.'il
II
:ili|:i
•.'t;iii: ."il;!!!
8,\ iia-j
870: !.
.Mid
.t40li 114
I04.'>
ruvJ7
am
11:117
miii
ih:i:i
ii'.'H.'i
!i , a.Mn
nii.Mi iiiiiKi
().■> •j.'i:is
411 !l
|)S.t
'MM' 88
KiOO
.■>:l.MI(i
171
7(iO(i
H,-.;.
is:ii
:i:il'jii
II
•JHIH
aidll' l:ili'J
lis i;i!i;
a:i:i(i 1 4
144!)
iiia,%' 7!i
U(iO
liSISH
aoa
ioa<i.-i
101 1
ih:i,">
:is(i!)ll
T
i;m;i
aiiis; y.K^
10(1 4:110
147J4 ;i(i
4(i8a
44'.>i)
7\>
lS4li
4(i.M,H
aaa
lad.M
1 1 .M
lK:i(i
, (iSlviai
(i
1.M11
18a;'.' (iiios)
(ii a;irj
a;ios (i
HOH
7ur
iMl
i:i4n
io;io.'>7
Kit)
.lyiii
l8:i;
i
KM'OIITS OF DOMINICA.
1827
I8a8
I sail
is:io
ik:ii
• 8:1a
i.>4:i:i
Ih:l4
\HM
lH:i(i
is;t7
1 01) 10(1
14107.'.'
Il.'>48l
i:i,'.,'.7a
104.'. I. "i
Ii44:ia
l:r.':i!)0
l(I.M4l|
4007:1
7(iio;i
aii.'is
,'iSOO
:is!)a
:>!><I4
7848
ii.'.'.'i)
a 14!)
ii:t!)a
:i.'i!i!)
8:l7,^
:i;ii(i
r.'.vi
(iiii
:i.°i(il
Ii:i7a
as>i7
aiwa
aoiia
:iliii8
■J71!)
:i(i,'.4
:loa7
I.M.'i
aosi
!)ia
isiit
ai)7ii
i(i.><i
SI
81)
loa
no
no
•)•
-.J
101
iia
11 7-'
, ,
(ioo
4sa.'i
l(iU4
.'.aa!)
Dill
.^.'.7H
aoi.s
.•.l^.7
:(osa
10
lOlil)
"0
lll!),^
ii(i;i
sii7
lO.'.O
:(:itis
4. '.a
;i
aati
i)»(i
l!)7(>
Cm
:ili
l.'ilO
70
.'i.SS.'.
(io:i
IH
aami
aiisi
(i
(iii;
Ii
ID
ll():l
n.'isoo
HI
a77 1
i.-iLiaa
8(1
a^4^
Il8,'.(il
lOli
:ia:iO
l4.^!lli'J
70
IliSI
Iis7(ii
III
•.".'(ii
ia,'.,'<.'-i
1 1 40
l:l!)SOH
.'.()
lo:i(i
11 '.'.'.(Kl
87
:i()i.'>
4;iii7a
M
l:i:i(i
7.'>0()!)
Ill
S(ia:t
ISli
II i>)i
ao,^
iiao:i
a 1:1
1 1 j.Mi:
aio
10787
Kil
7(!(io
a(i7
ioa:u
aa:i
laiiai
170
(i.vts
XII. noiniiiica is diu ol' ti\i^ ln'st wiiti-rrd iil" tlio
("arihl)iH' islands, iiiul, witli its licli soil, may lio
naturally i-xin'uti-d to liavi' a lu\iiiiant vi'f,'i'tati()n.
Tlio wiiods alVord u lai',i;i' supply of i-xci-llont tiinlicr,
con.sistinj^ol' lucns-wnod, luilly-trt'i-, niasfic.i'iiinaiiion,
rosi'-wodd, yi'llow-saiiiU'is, l)astai(l-iiialui;;any, iron
wood, sovpinl spi'i'ios iif cedar, and various otlu-r
sorts nsct'nl tor liiiildmp houses, vessels, and eaiioes,
— tor I'liniiture, 1'or dyeint;, and other necessary inir-
poses. The trees are of vmeoinnion heii^l't, and hy
far exceed in loftiness the tallest tiinher in l'.nu:land ;
their tops seem to touch the very clodds, which apjiear
as if skiinininu; swiftly over the npper hraiiehes. Many
are of enorinoiis girth ; and the seeds of ilitVereiit
trees, heiiig scattered hy the wind, fall into the heart
of the same plant, and thus heeoine incorpiuafed
with the free on which they are seen f^rovvini;. The
circumference of the hody of the i;uiii-tree is f;encrally
very fireat, and its tiinher is, on that accmmt, made
into canoes, hy ditigint; or hurning out the inside,
ami shnping the loi; into form. 'I'he i;nn\ falls t'rom
the hody aiu' hranehes of tlie tree in f;reat (piantities,
in suhstance like white wax : it was found very ser-
viceahle to the planters of that island, duriiiu; the
time it was in the possession of the French ; the t;uiii
heiiij; used instead of oil (whieh could not then he
had) to hnrn in lamps in l)oilin!;-houses when makini;
suf;ar. The Uomisli priests of Dominica use it like-
wise in their censers at funerals, and other ceremonies
of their church, on account of its delightful iu-oinatic
snu'll when hurniiiK. It is supposed toconiain virtues
which mi!,'ht he valuahle in medicines, were they
better known.
The tiinher also of this tree, as well as that of se-
veral others in the woods, make I'lood sliiiij^les for
covcrint,' houses, and staves for sui;iirand eolVee casks.
Several tine sloops and scIiooiums have likewise heeii
Iniilt here, and esteemed for their stren;;tli and du-
rahility. C'ahhaj^e-trees are in threat idiiity, and ser-
vicenhle, as their trunks, Kavved or split, make j;ood
laths or rails for cattle-pens, heiiiK very duralile. Tiie
l)ianclies and li'aves are used for thatching of lioiises ;
iia.%
ia:ii
11 4a
114!)
8l;i
!)7«
1 1 7a
and the cahha;^e part of them is excellent latiiij;;
when hoiled, it t;istes much like the hottoui part ol
an artii'hoke. It also makes a i;ood )>ickle.
The size of the ferns, whole forests of which ace
found in the dips and recesses of the hills, is very
reniiukahle ; some of them rise to the hei!;ht of '..'.1
t'l I't, with their hranehes as tinely pinnated, and then
e(dour as vivid and fresh, as the dwarlish and lowly,
hut lovely, lMii,'lisli tern. In 17'.':i, thi'rewere .'il,!.'.) •
acres in actual cultivatinn ; lid, 77(1 acres adjoiniii;:,
and ;!0, 17:i acres partly cleared. There wt're .I'J sut;;i(
and L".)l coll'ce estates. The value of the landed pro
perty and huildinf;s thereim was :t, 100, (Kill/, sterlini;.
Produce
of Doininlca.
111. 11.1
'iiiirnr'syrup Hum.
Molns
CotToe.
Cociin
Arrinv
U(«it.
Iihds.
casks, punch
casks.
ills.
lbs.
tioxcs
:i7;ia
, .'i48
ll:ili
l!i,"Hi:i:i
(iK,".il
:iso.'i
i (!.V»
7sli
l(ili(i-.':l:l
()lil
4071
h:;i
a.'i 1
iail4r:t
S,'.,'i4
.'^7^!l
.'.»a
aaii
.'iiirn.'i
74 aa
:)84a
:i:io
.',7.'i
I:i:,,'i0(il
48
■!a:io
' .■10!)
No Return.
.'i!)(i
sy:i!Ha
Si):ia
AO
Ki.'.a
<)(i
aoi
l7(ii:ili
(187
a;
a:i(i!)
ao
HI)
4aa
:i8ii:l0.'i
171a
I Has
18 as)
1 8:1(1
IH:iI
is:ia
l.8;);l
18.14
1 8.1.1
I8:i(i
I'lirrn of I'roiliifi; is:<tl. [IJ. 11.] — Horned cattle,
each, H/. ; horses, li.'i/. ; sheep, W. I0.«.; ptats, I.Vv. :
swine, W. lO.v. ; milk, :\\(l. per ipiart ; hutter, fresh,
L'.v. I'll/, per 11).; ditto, salt, Ii/. l."i.v. per lirkiu; cheese,
l.v. li/. per 11). ; wheaten bread, ;!U. ; heel', 7i/. ; mut-
ton, H./. ; pork, t,y.. colVee, '.)i/. ; tea, 10.<. ; siij^'ar,
■.\y. ; salt, 7.«. per barrel ; wine, :J/. per doi'.en :
hrandy, \2s. per gallon.
Iliiiiis/iir /,(7/>()H)-.- -Domestic, per mouth, I/, .'i.*. ;
priedial, per day, l.'i. ; trades, per day, •-'.<.
.■\ part of the crown lands, admirably adapted lor
cultivation, consists of a large run of woodland, known
hy the name of the l.iizini h'luls, extending across the
island to ragnon or Coinmissioners' Hay, and com
prising a
most vab
level, and
forming t
and the
lsl:uid.
veyor-gei
lulnpted
KUTY.
Total.
No.
MM
Tons.
H|l:m
Ml-.'
lll.'iN
•Ji:.
I l(i(i(i
•J'j 1
lii<)i
•-'11
ll,-iiti
1!IN
iiiiir
in
;(>«(!
'.'ii'j
lO'-'ils
•-'■j'j
I'.'iiAi
Kill
fiSHil
Mm.
I Kill
I'.';,'.
II. Ml
ll!l(>
HMt
nil I
1 1 .1 1
III
HIi'jn
IKl!
mill
■Jll.'i
ll'jii:!
•j;i;
I'.'ij;
•.•i:i
ll-J.Mi,
'.•HI
1(i;h,-
nil
;(i(iii
•jii;
iii-.':ii
a'Jii
I'.MIJI
irti
(i.-i-IH
ll'j.l
l-.>:il
III'.'
mil
!),"!>
11, -'J
i oxci'IK'iit latiiii; ;
lu' luittoiu piirt 111
il pickk'.
ii'.si.s oi' wliicli lire
f llu' llills, i.s VlMV
ci tlu' lu'i!;lit ol' :!:,
Iiiniiiilcil, mill tlu'li
wiiilisli mill liiwlv,
tlU'lf Wl'll' .'il.l.'.l I
II ncri's luljoiiiiii,',,
lu'lC Wl'IV .'iL' SUi^iU
ol' till' limiU'il pio-
KUI.lUIll/. sU'lliii!;.
H. H.J
;oroa
Arrow
Hont.
lbs.
boxi's
lis,-,!)
{lUI
H.'i.M
;i'-"j
iH
Hi):ia
,'.«
(ih7
'.';
ina
— lloniril cutlli',
OS. ; pints, \:ts. ;
lit ; liiittiT, I'lv.'iii,
I'r llrkiii ; c'lu'i'.sc,
luof, 7(/. ; nuit-
ti'ii, |0,«. ; sii};i\r,
-'/. pi-r <k)/.i'ii ;
T inoiitli, 1/, :is, ;
.', '-'.'■■.
iiil)ly lulnptt'il liir
I.V(lt.)(l'.IUul, kllllWII
I'lidiii^ lUTiiss till'
<' liny, mill nmi
79
ANTUU'.\.— I.Ol'.M.lTV— m.srOHY .\NI> ACCjl'ISil'ION— GKOC'.U.MMIY.
kinds o( priivi.sitiKS. I.nriii' piisliirrs iniplit cnsily l)P
liinni'il for iiittlo ; its I'li'viition iilmvc tlir livi'l iif tho
si'ii is I'riiin ><iW til 1(100 l'i'i>t ; tho pMicial ti'inpi'nifuri>
(is fi) 7;"' I'lUi'iiluit ; mid Ilii'ir me no locnl inipi'ili-
nionls but ii want of I'limls, or it niiiy ln' snid of po.
piilatinn, to di'inonstriiti' llic ndviiiitiiiics wliirli woiiltl
iirisf iVoiu Kiiroiu'iins coloni/.inj; tliis di'lis'ilitriil Wi'st
prisini; ii siirfiu'i- of •-•(), 000 m-ros, mvcivd with tin-
must viilniihli' mid diinililr tiinhcr, ni'iirly on tlir smtic
Icvi'l, mill wntori'il hy iij;rriit iiiiniliir of sinnll stri'iii is,
lorininj; tlu> Mnhoiit iiml l.nzon rivrrs on the \V. siilo,
mid the (Jiiminry and I'lii^min rivers on the I''., of the
islmid. This land is stated hy the iiitellic;i'iit Snr-
\eyor-};eneral of the island, Mr. Finlay, to he adiniiahly , im,^. ii..>ii ■..■■
adapted to tho cultivation of cocon, cotl'eo, niul all Indian island.
ni.\rrKi{ i\.— anthuja.
SKi'rioN 1. This fertile i.sland is situati' in hit.
!(.;< N. loiij;. ("iL'./ \V. It) miles N. of (iimilaloupe,
L'.'i N. 1'',. of Montserrat, ;i(l S. of Itarhuda, e\teuiliii;;
ill paralU'l liius fioiii I'riar's Head in the V.. to I'eyr-
son's Point in the \V., I.'ij miles; eontainiii!; fruin
Shirley's lleiijhts in the S. to Hoon's Toint in the N.
11^, miles, l)eiii!;ahout liO miles loiii;, aluuit .^ I in eir-
eiiinferenee, and I'lmtniniiif; 10.'^ square miles, eipiiva-
leiit to (i".i,'_'T7 aeres.
II. Anti;j;iia was diseoveied hy Christopher ('tdnin-
liiis, on his second voyaj^e, in 1 I'.Kl, and named hy
liiiii, from a eliuich in Seville, Santa Maria de la i\i\-
ti;;iia. Next to Marhadoes and St. t'hristopher it is
llie oldest Uritish cidoiiy in the leeward isles, havini;
heen settled hy Sir Thomas Warner, with a few I'.n-
fjlisli I'mnilies in KiU'J. Antigua was granted to Lord
Willoughliy, of I'arhmn, hy Charles II. in KiCili. In
liiiiCi a l''reiu'li armmnenl from Martinii|ue and (iiiii-
iliilmipe, assisted liy some Carihs, got temporary pos-
session of the island, and plundered the planters iiii-
inereifiilly. My tin' treaty of lireda, the island was
ill \(<HH linally settled under the Uritish doiiiiiiimi,
anil hy incaiis of fri'c trade, and heneath the iiiispici's
of the Codrington family, rapidly prospi'icd.
III. Antigua is nearly of an oval shape, with an
extremely irregular coast, indented with numerous
hays, mid almost siirroniided hy islets, locks, and
sluMils, wliieli render the approach to it vcrv ilanger-
ciis on every side except on the S. W. More than
line half of the island on the N. V„ is low, in some
places rather nmrsliy, and interspersed with gentle
Hi'clivitics and swelling I'lnincnees, which, if less
iK'iiiiileil of trees, would pn --ent the heautifiil hill mid
ilnle scenery of I'nglnnd. lownrds the S. and S. \V.
tile elevation of the land gradually iiiereases, forming
riMind hacked hills of a moderate height, genernlly
niiiiiing I''., and \V. intersected hy cultivated valleys,
ami partially clothed with small trees mid hrnsh-
wiiud. The greatest elevation (computed at I'JIO
leel) is on the Slicckeilcy range of luoiiiitaiiis, called
lliiggics Hill, nlionl six miles to the '.V. of Monks
Mill. The highest district miiy he said to take its
rise t'riiin l''aliiiotitli, iiiid to contiiinc with various
I'leviitions to h'ive Island llarhoiir. 'I'he height to the
N. K. mid S. \V. is not coiisidciahle, hut on the latter
part the liills arc occasionally hold and precipitous,
funning numerous raviiuvs and vallies, their summits
lii'ing cxticniely irregiilnr, sometimes nniiid, — at
iitlier timi's eoiiicnl, and oecnsionnlly tahular ; the ri'st
of the island may, as a general feature, he said to con-
sist of hroud slopes, imd repentedly oeeurrinn HKiluhi-
tioiis.
No isliind in the \V. Indies can hoasi ni so inmiy
excellent linys and hiu hours, hut they me all, cxiepl
those of St.. John, Kngush Harhour, and Kalmoiith,
(whii'h reipiire pilots') dilVienlt of access. The otlier
hays and liarhours arc St. I''recman's (at the entrance
of l''iiglish Ihnhour), Kendczvoiis Hay. Morris liny,
five Island lliirhoiir, l.ydcsciitis Hay. I'arham, Non-
such, and Willuughhy harhonrs, and Indian Creek,
contiguous to I'teemau's Hay. St. .lohn's, the cnpitnl,
is irregularly laid out, pretty huge, mid hiiilt on the
N. \V. siili' of the isliind, at the head of a large hut
not ilei'p harhour, the N. side of which is partly
formed hy an elevated rock, called Ui(t hhiinl, ahoiit.
midway up the harhour, and coimectcd with the main
laiul hy a causeway, which is stihmerged at high-
water. Kiom St. John's to the extreme N. mid N. K.
of the islmid the Innil is generally very low, inter-
spersed with numerous ponds nnil marshy hollows;
hut, with these exceptions, the siirl'ace of the whole
is sullieiently varied to prevent the accnniiilatioii anil
stagnation of water on its surface. Monks-hill {a
military sta'ioii) gradualls •.i.^i.s from the hottom of
l'"almonth Bay, and, as it ascends, hccomes precipit-
ous till surmounted hy (irciit tieorge l''ort, at tlii>
height of (i'.!.'i feet, eommnmliiig to the N. and N. K,
an extensive view of a highly eiiltivalid country,
overlooking the hay helow the peninsuln of Middle
(iroiind, l''iiglish Hnrhoiir, and the Uidge, whilst it\
the ihstnnt horizon me to he seen (iiiadnloiipe, Mont-
serrnt, and in clear weather Nevis and St. Christo-
pher. I'liglish Hnrhmir is ii very complete dock-
yard, on a small scale, surrounded hy hills, on one of
which at the N. !•',. the naval hospital is situate.
With the exception of a few scanty rivulets nmongst
the hills, the whole island is destitute of rnniiiii);
water, iiiiil the wells, lierctoiore dry, linve proveil
hnu'kish ; ponds, mid tanks are, therefore, the nmin-
stay of the planters. 'I'lie plan of horiiig for water
should he adopted.
IV. The soil of the high Innds is of a red clay, argil-
laceous, with a snhstrntum of mini ; in the low lands it
is a rich dark iiuinld, on a siihstratnm of clay. The
most superlicial strata occupy the N. and I'"., parts,
mid are of a calean-oiis hirmntioii, mid tl, outline of
the district is in round hills and knolls, similar to
those found in the chalk districts of Mnglnnd.
Through the stratum of marl which nppenrs on the
surface run layers and irregular masses of limestone,
coiitainiiig a variety oflossil shells, nodules of ealcari'-
oiis spar, cellular mid ehrystiilizcil ipiartz, chalcedony,
agate, nnd cornl-lines, hiith in a cnlcareous and silici-
oils state. .\ cnlcnreoiis sandstone is also found in
this marl formntion, composed ot silicioiiH particles,
cnrhoiiate of lime, anil a little oxyile of iron. A
hreceia also lie(|uenlly appears, consisting of an ng.
glntination of fragments ol dill'ereiil coloured iior|ihy-
80
ANTIGUA.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND SOIL— CLIMATE— roPULATlON.
ries. No bones of the larger animals have been found
in this formation. The coarse chert, or flint, is seen
in irregular masses on the surface, breaking into sharp
angular blocks, and containing a great quantity of
petrified wood and casts of shells. Petrified wood is
also found on the surface of the conglomerate and
marl formations, often so delicate and beautiful, that
the colour of the wood and the distinctive form of its
fibre are perfectly preserved. Agate, cornelian, and
chalcedony, are frequently seen intermingled in the
same specimen. Nitrate of potass, like a hoar frost,
covers the flat oozy shore which bounds the bay of
Falmouth on the N. and E. On a general view, the
geological formation of the island may be said to con-
sist of marl, conglomerate chert and trap. Marl
forms the greater part, and extends over the whole
N. and N. E. part ; trap, the S. W. ; conglomerate,
an intervening section, extending inland from St.
John's Harbour, and chert, embracing a section with
the latter segment. Dr. Nugent divides the island
into four distinct classifications. The rarge of moun-
tains, or rather highlands, in the S. W. quarter,
consisting of unstratified conglomerate, composed of
masses of trap, breccia, wacke, porphyry, greenstone, &c.
which are embedded in a clay matrix with brownish
decomposing chlorite baldage. Parallel with this
range inland, a different formation appears, consisting
of a claystone conglomerate, containing silicified wood,
coralline chert, agate, amygdaloid, porphyry slate,
bloodstone, &c. in a matrix of an intense green colour.
The N. and E. districts have a calcareous formation
subordinate to the lowest beds, of which, and nearly
in the centre of the island, are extensive irregular
masses of coarse chert, containing a prodigious quan-
tity of casts of shells. The fossils and petrified woods
found in Antigua, when polished, are exquisitely
beautiful.
V. Owing to theelevation of the land, and theabsence
of dense and lofty woods, visible in Jamaica, Domi-
nica, &c., the climate of Antigua is dry, and the rainy
season so uncertain, that sometimes a great part of
the hurricane season passes away without rain. The
dry season generally commences in January, continu-
ing to April or May, and from June to the end of the
year the rains are usually abundant. In consequence
of the dryness of the climate, the temperature is less
subject to the variations observed in the other islands ;
heavy dews are not often experienced, and the ther-
mometer seldom ranges more than 4 degrees in the
24 hours. On the ridges, or hills, the temperature is
considerably modified by the sea breezes, or trade
winds, which occasionally shift a few points to the
N. and South.
A meteorological table for 1830 shewing an annual
medium of temperatureof 79.68, and a total annual fall
of rain of S.'i.SS. The most severe huricanes were
those of 1G81, 1707, 1740, 1772, 1780, and 1792.
A dreadful earthquake occurred in 1689, and com-
mitted great destruction in Antigua.
Mttcoroloplcal Tabic— From a journnl kept in St. Potor's
parish, in latitude 17 dcp. 8 min. N. loniritmic 6l dcp. 48 min.
W., from 1st. December, 1833, to 1st December, ih34.
Barometer.
Thermometer.
Month.
Rain in
inches.
max.
m!n.
max.
min.
med.
December
30.06
29.90
8.5.5
76.
79.4
2.03
January
30.17
30 03
84.7
72.5
76.8
3.92
February
30.15
29.98
82.
69.
7S.9
3.54
March . .
30.14
29.97
81.
70.8
76.4
1.53
April
30.04
29.92
84.
70.
77.5
2.33
May ....
30.07
29.94
85.
73.5
79.4
2.14
June ....
30.14
30.00
96.
75.5
80.1
4.57
July ....
30.09
29.9S
86.5
75.2
80.1
1.75
August ..
30.04
29.93
87.
75.5
81.7
4.38
Scptembr.
.30.03
29.82
86.5
73.5
80.6
4.15
October..
30.02
2993
84.8
74.5
80,3
3.93
Niivembcr
30.08
29.90
86.
75.
84.3
1.29
.Sum.
361.03
339.28
1019.0
881.
952.5
35.36
Mean.
30.09
29.94
84.9
73.4
79-4
2.94
VI. In 1G73, the number of negroes in the island
was 570. In 1707, whites, 2,892 ; negroes, 12,8'J2.
In 1720, whites, 3,072; negroes, 19,180. In 1724,
whites, 5,200; negroes, 19,800. (Militia, 1,400.) In
1729, whites, 4,088 ; negroes, 22,011. According to
the Abbfe Raynal, the white inhabitants of Antigua,
in 1741, amounted to 3,538, and negroes to 27,410.
In 1774 the whites were 1,590 and t!-.jnegroes37, 808.
In 1787, whites, 2,590 ; free coloured, 1,230 ; slaves,
20,435. In 1788, the taxed negroes were 30,000. In
1798, the taxed negroes were 37,808. Colquhoun com-
puted the whites, in 1815, at 3,200, the free people of
colour, 1,200, and the slaves at 30,000. In 1821 thu
male slaves were, 14,531 ; females, 10,.')33 — Total,
31,004. The number ofwhite men liable to serve in the
militia, from 14 to 59 years old, 877 ; of white females
and children, 840 ; of white males, under 14 years,
235 ; number of coloured and black men, liable to
militia service, between 14 and 59 years, were H8I ;
of coloured and black females, including ehihlicn,
2,340 ; ditto males, under 14 years, 022. Discharged
and pensioned soldiers, 9 ; of African api)renticcs,
278 ; of white men, exempt from militia duty over
00 years old, 4fi. Grand total, 0,102.
The Slave Population on series of Years since 1817, has been : —
Increase by Birth.
Decrease by Death.
1
3
c
s .
^0
CO
0)
en
HI
<u.!2
-5
B
■a
•a
s
3
e2
to
Deere
1817 ..
15053
17216
32209
..
..
..
1821 ..
14454
16.531
30985
1193
1146
2239
1497
1388
2885
208
1824 ..
14225
10089
30314
1202
1230
24 f) 2
1318
1210
2.534
218
1H27 ..
14000
15773
29S39
1109
1194
3303
1140
1131
2227
228
1831 ..
13992
15.545
2937
2589
2077
314
iiiU
"m
\TIOX.
shewing an annual
id a total annual fall
'ere luiricanes were
I, 1780, and 1792.
in 1689, and com-
la.
nnl kept in St. Peter's
iritudc 6l Ocp. 48 mill.
(ecember, 1834.
nometer.
Rain in
inches.
mln.
med.
7fi.
7P.4
2.03
-2.5
7fi.8
3.92
6S.
75.9
3.54
70.8
76.4
1.53
70.
77-5
2.33
73.5
70-1
2.14
75.5
80.1
4.. 57
75.2
80.1
1.75
7r..5
81.7
4.38
73.5
80.6
4.15
74.5
80.3
3.93
75.
84,3
1.29
881.
952.5
35.3(1
73.4
79.4
2.94
igrocs in the island
2 ; negroes, 12,892.
, 19,180. In 1724,
(Militia, 1,400.) In
,611. According to
bitants of Antigua,
negroes to 27,4 1 *'i.
I t'l-.j negroes 37,808.
I red, 1 ,230 ; slaves,
les were 30,000. In
'8. Colqiihoun coni-
i, the free iieople of
LOOO. In 1821 thu
|les, 10,533— Total,
iahleto serve in the
7 ; of white females
!s, under 14 years,
nek men, liable t(i
) years, were 881 ;
fnclnding cliildrcn,
022. Discharged
frican apprentices,
militia duty over
6,162.
i
ith.
§
S .
^.1
0) <"
^ s
■3
It
H
Q
R85
208
ri34
218
->27
228
-.77
311
ANTIGUA,— POPULATION.
Census of Antigua, taken in 1821 ; similar numbers are given for 1828. [B. B.]
81
Parish.
Area in
Square
Miles.
Whites.
Coloured Free Population.
Grand Total
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Population.
St. John .
28
644
503
1207
1210
1623
*■
2833
1 2284
St. Philip .
17
116
40
102
02
99
101
4323
St. George .
10
56
35
91
24
44
08
3580
St. Mary .
09
81
43
124
65
94
159
4432
St. Peter .
11^
100
37
137
53
65
118
4006
St. Paul
18i
142
117
259
292
435
727
4051
Total .
107
1139
841
1980
1706
2360
4060
33330
Parishes.
1832.
1834.
1836.
Baptisms
Margs.
Burials
Baptisms
Margs.
Burials
Baptisms.
Margs.
Burials
St. John's .
191
24
107
194
86
182
310
112
150
St. George's
01
12
22
41
11
25
74
38
36
St. Peter's .
96
2
28
93
22
21
116
52
24
St. Paul's .
105
3
44
77
17
65
74
47
39
St. Mary's .
39
4
9
62
23
17
00
40
14
St. Philip's .
86
8
19
108
43
38
122
40
19
Total
578
53
229
575
202
348
750
329
282
Note. — These returns would appear to be for the established church alone, except in marriages.
The average population to the square mile in An-
tigua may be taken at 334. The greatest bulk of the
population is employed in ag-riculture ; there are none
employed in manufactures, excepting of sugar, mo-
lasses, and rum. There has been no census of the
population since 1821. The disproportion between
the burials and the baptisms is accounted for from
the circumstance, that many of the Wesleyans bring
their children to the church to be baptized, but gene-
rally inter their own dead. The population may be
estimated at 35,300 persons.
Antigua totally abolished slavery in August, 1 834,
without waiting the intermediate apprenticeship, as in
the other slave colonies. Every fact, therefore, rela-
tive to the island must prove interesting. It will be
perceived that the tables of education and religion are
very complete. All accounts agree in a favourable
representation of the progressively improving moral
character of the negroes. Their physical condition is
not deteriorated ; and the value of property in the
island has risen.
A statement of the number of Slaves for whom
compensation has been claimed, and of the number
of claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the amount of compensation awarded in each of the
classes of praedial-attached, proedial-unattached, and
non-prKdial. [Parliamentary return to the House of
Lords, March, 1838.]
a
J< ° m
i = i
Classes.
Total.
t*
m cS
,9 5!
Q
<u
— ■of
a a
Head People . .
593
£20517
No. of Slaves,
rradesmcn ....
990
36739
19641.
[ Amovint,
J £355770.
a Si
Inferior ditto ..
l^ield Labourers
Inferior ditto . .
306
11250
6502
4384
25441!)
49679
-■Sr
Head People . . .
9
3)6
No. of .Slaves,
|«.
rradesmcn
39
1012
"07
Iiiferior ditto . .
10
131
Amount.
1^
Kield Labourers
Inlerior ditto . .
472
197
10684
1529
A' 13674.
r
Head Tradesmen
252
6496
-
inferior ditto ..
215
2953
Head P. employ.
rs
ed on wharfs,
No. of Slaves,
S.
sliippinp, or
I 2982.
f Amount,
d. ^
other avoca.
tions
80
1726
£45728.
Inf. People ditto
203
3450
i«
Head Domestics
303
6003
Inferior ditto ..
Children under
si.x years of
age on the 1st
1929
25097
August, 1834.
4327
10366
Aged, diseased.
or otherwise
non-effective .
1444
1
Number of claims having reference to each division.
Praedial Attached, 1/8 j Prredial Unattached, 82; Non-
preedial, 822.
82
ANTIOUA— REI-IGION.
VII. Number of Cliurclirs, Livingn, &c. in Antigua, in 1836. TB. B.]
I'M'
I
Church, where
s . a .1
Si-^ Chapel, where i^^'
Srtig ! situated, and !g,2-.g|
rotes-
Cith.
.2 S Nameof the Rector
rt ^ 1 and value of
^
_
u
situated, and
«j Dissenting
Name of the
g
■g
bhe number of
.^ £ = the number of v. S S 1
u* i Places of
Parish.
■3-g 1 Living.
e
5
persons it will
«gs persons it Willi ° ugj
5 Worship.
g-g 1
^
contain.
,; urt
contain.
"rt
^•c 1
tu" 1
H,
^
Z,
isiS I
St. John's'"
12000 [Robert Ilolbcrton,
one.
about
Parish church,
14.50
St. James, in
300
Prot. 1 Moravian
iM.A., .i'375 Ktff.,
10
in the town of
Pope's Head
and
Ifees iiirluded. Cu.
acres.
St. John.
listrict. No. of
2 Wesley an.
irate, F. B. Grant,
Number of sit-
sittings, 420 ;
jpaid by rector. As-
tings, 1600.
capacity, 440.
si.stant curate, T.
St.Luke'd.near
Clarke, paid by the
Bendal's brg.
300
bishop.
S'o. of sittings,
400 ; capacity,
440. Chapel in
town, 150.
130
St. George's
3500
H. N. G. Hall,
£26t) stg., besides
fees to a small
amount.
none,
but
rent
allow,
ed.
one.
none.
Parish church,
near Pitches'
creek. Number
of sittings, 550
500
none.
none.
St. Peter's
4900
A. W. Mc Nish,
10
Parish church.
300 and
Proprietary
400
Prot.
1 Wesleyan
.*300 this year, in-
acres.
in the town of
crowded
chapel,helong
and
cluding two dona-
Parbam. No
to
ingtotheRev.
1 Moravian.
tions to the rector
of sittings, 300
excess.
N.Gilbert. No-
on account of his
orsittings,400;
illness, also fees to
capacity, 500.
a small amount.
Curate during half
the year, W. H.
Adamson, B. A.,
paid by the rector.
Also a private cler-
Igyman. N.Ciilbert,
iwho officiates in a
chapel on his own
estate.
St. Phil:p's
4000
T. S. Jones, £288
one.
13
Parish church.
215
St. Stephen's,
200
Prot.
2 Wesleyan
including fees.
acres.
nearWillough-
by Bay. Num-
in Belfast dlvi
sion. No. of,
and
1 Moravian.
ber of sittings,
sittings, 260 ;
1
433; capacity,
500.
Parish church.
capacity, 300.
St. Paul's
not
J. B. Wilkinson,
one.
10
300
Temporary
Plot.
1 Moravian
retnd.
£375, including
fees.
acres.
at Kalraouth.
Number of sit-
tings, 390; ca-
pacity, 450.
chapel, at Eng-
lish Harbour.
No. of sittings,
350.t
1
and
1 Wesleyan.
St. Mary's
3959
James Curtin, £230
one.
SOtofio
Parish church,
100
Chapel of ease 100
Prot.
. 2 Moravian
besides fees to a
acres.
in Old Road
in Ifry's valley
i and
small amount, Cu-
town. Num-
No. of sittings, 1
2 Wesleyan.
rate, J. S.Clinchitt
ber of sittings.
250 ; capacity,
paid partly by the
200 ; capacity.
360.t
t
parish and partly
300.
1
by the bishop.
1
* There has been no change in the parochial division in the island for more than 100 years,
t Re-opened, after repair and enlargement, on 1st January, 1837.
t This chapel has lately undergone considerable repairs in consequence of the hurricane of 1835.
The amount of population given in this return
appears to be in a great measure conjectured ; there
being no recent census to refer to. St. George's
churcli has been enlarged this year, at the expense
partly of the parish and partly of the Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foriign Parts.
Fees to the Clergy. — The vestry assembles, when
the acting churchwarden lays before them an estiinate
of the ways and means for the year. The number of
acres and of slaves in the parish show the amount of
the tax on each. This amount, with all items, is
settled by the majority ; the churchwarden delivers
the accounts and collects the money. One of the
principal disbursements is the minister's salary ;
abgut 200/. sterling is provided by an act of the island,
and it is ciistoaiary for the vestry to make a volun-
tary addition to it, generally from 60/. to 100/. per
annum. This, with a parsonage house, and some-
times a horse, is sufficient to make a clergyman com-
fortable ; and the minister is under the necessity ol'
avoiding conduct which would be offensive to his
parishioners, while a portion of his income depends
on the good will of his flock. The salary of the clerk
is also on a liberal scale, being from 7.'5/. to 120/. per
annum ; he acts as vestry clerk in keeping the ac-
counts and collecting the taxes. The surplice fees
are liberal ; three guineas is a common fee to a
clergyman, and not unfrequently one guinea and a
half to the clerk, as a wedding fee. This, with
3/. 13.V. (irf. to the governor for a license (few white
people being married by banns), makes matrimony an
expensive business. [B.B.]
EU
5 5
01 ^
■s c
!S5
Dissenting
Places of
Worship.
Prot.
1 Moravian
and
2 Wesley an.
Prot.
I Wesleyan
and
I Moravian.
Prot
Plot,
2 Wesleyan
and
1 Moravian.
1 Moravian
and
1 Wesleyan.
Prot. 2 Moravian
i and
J2 Wesleyan.
I years,
ae of 1835.
im 60/. to 100/. per
house, and somc-
[e a clergyman com-
Ider the necessity of
|be offensive to his
lis income depends
le salary of the clerk
Dm 7.5/. to 120/. per
in keeping the ac-
The surplice fees
[common fee to a
one guinea and a
fee. This, witli
license (few wliite
lakes matrimony an
ANTUUl A— EDUCATION.
VIII. .Schoolsof Antigua in I a;l6. (U.H.]
8,1
Number
of
ScholELrs.
If supported by Govern.
Name
of
Public or l''ree School,
Salary
of
Mode
of
Instruction
ment or Voluntary Contri-
butions, and amount of
Expenses
of
Parish.
and where iiituatcd.
Schoolmaster
or
Schoolmistress.
%J\fmm^^^%M9 o»
each.
each
School.
M.
Fra
Tot.
Government.
Voluntary.
St. Johu's
National school in
.€. s.
100
178
178
rhat of the
5 5*j o
are
tary
:ha-
onie
the
-i'.S.i.SS
town.
national
e Africi
e providi
partmen
,en by g
riSoi-pt
for boys
20
school sys-
2 = o J= -o
k* o ^
_2 a >.iu2
for girls
75
182
182
tem.
Infant school at the
7 10
112
That of the
a .- u u«
^ iy) .* a
"".BoS
rectory
infant
^ rt t3 51)
SgSjsS.
at .Murray's estate
7 10
50
school ays-
S-Sslx-
2 ■£: (u „ 3
• 3 -5 til O
Cedfir Valley estate
7 10
69
tem.
Marble Hill estate
7 10
44
3 i a-2
^ u ,C iUD O.
St. James' chapel
28
85
s'rtils.
jflw^
St. Luke's
7 10
60
2 (fl t *" o.
"^ ""o .3 "
African hospital
12
50
S 2 .2 •« a
■•* '^ u ^
rt^iSg.
Evening school in St.
payment from
8
8
Common
j3uo'2
s £ ar-S 2
xs2"2
John's.
scliolais.
method
= rt o-rr
2 ■- 9 u 2
|S.|53
Ditto,
b'our Sunday schools
nothing fi.Ked
72
(i
98
6
1/0
Same in
rttd
buti
; SOC
aid
ITS.
in St. John's.
reading and
2.s=^i
u o'C — ■" J2
ja o,*^,a J "^
'"o ^o S
at St. James' chapel
ditto
eatcchihiu.
C-I-- ^ o »-
r.o-5 2.Sf|
Attt
n aid
ional
rent
estati
at St. Luke's
10
60
w o 'C "3 So
St. Paul's
National school at
25
-iO
40
Natiiinal
English Harbour.
25
.11
31
school sys-
tem.
bb
— . ♦* *j o
Infant sl^ooI at Eng-
25
,10
45
75
Infant
Q
chool
en re
by the
he Pr<
;he Go
a ■■" a 2 «
lish Harbour.
Falmouth
10
12
19
31
school
method.
1
■5
= «• •" ■^ a
Sunday school at
occasional pre-
19
16
35
Reading and
£ ^ w*^
rt '-'JS -, o
church.
sents.
catechism in
common
way.
o
The
has 1
boucrl
ety fo
tiou o
ks supplied $i
sterl., and the
day school is
ry of the teac:
the teachers r
Office.]
St. George's
Daily school In vestry-
room.
no fixed salary
12
10
22
local
partly
;., and
espect
fri.m
at (Junthorp's estate
ditto
6
10
16
schools, but
e scriptures
the schools
uced, especi
iit Koiian's
ditto
18
21
39
St w »< „
?~ a'S -"3
-Q 5 M i« ^ q
Evening or morning
ditto
9
8
17
school, Carlisle's.
Ditto Weir's
ditto
4
14
18
rt ^ 2 *^ W O
Ditto Millar's
ditto
18
17
31
Part
associ;
by the
ill a
by dc
the pn
». a :: o o ■
Ditto J.Blizard's
ditto
S
5
10
n these i
ading th
some of
re iutrod
salar
(intiih
St J
. that
ntedt
Sunday school at ch.
ditto
54
St. Peter's
Infantsch. at Parry's
26
^
id, besides the
government ci
y the estates. 4
iig gentrally, is
allowance-^ gra
ol the salary.
Eveninij ditto
30
--a
tn
Sunday schnol at ch.
40
3«-
Pay school I nt
Even, ditto . Gil. •
Sund. ditto J bert's
10^ \n.i. Rterlg.
besides a house
and allowanceof
}"
.19
r39
< 20
33
.2--
'"'to ''-a
en g
sugar, &c.
J
^ .»,>
C-C i; rt
U
~j:g 2 = 5
St. Mary's
Day school at Old
nothing fixed
16
23
39
^PH
Same.
Roads.
^^^?.-=
= Si! 3.-= «
St. Pliilip's
Day scliciol at the rcc
20
29
20
49
univ
h ca
lies
'.s pa
•?1»j!
3, (/, *- ^
tory.
St Stephen's chapel
7 10
19
15
34
jiartici
ion is 1
churc
schoo
Philip'
r: ii "-' a
li^ll?
Lariciiuiil's
nothing fixed
10
1/
V
"-^•?£
lilitl
Room's
2 14
11
9
20
o u - a 4-1
^s^«S
Concord Vale
5
8
9
17
.^ a C.CJ 72
■° S,^o^
^t;.SS„-s
Arclibold's
nothing fixed
2
10
12
5.3.5.5
^<-"iS
•^s"°S5
I'wo Sunday school-
not incluiii'd in the
Part
dies
in
ths<
mi t
• « £ u uS
S iS G t) O
parochial return.
,2Sȣ
^ii^S^
Private schools : besides those under the direction
of the Wesleyans and Moravians, there are about
eight private schools ; at one of which, eight poor
girls are boarded and educated at the expense of the
parish of St. John. None in St. Paul's, St. Peter's,
St. George's or St. Philip's, but one for the more
wealthy in the parish of St. Mary.
The national school houses l)elong to the Christian
I'aith Society ; hooks for the schools generally, are
supplied by a district coininittce of the Christian
Knowledge Society, and the Ladies' .Association in
Kiigland. The publicly nuluwed central schools in
St. John's Town, ceased to exi.st in August last, when
the Act by which they were established expired ; they
have since been restored with some changes, but were
not re opened until January I8"f7. St. Paul's, which
is used also as a temporary chapel -of-ease ; the infant
school-house at English Harbour, is lent by the hon.
Lady Guy, and the infant schools are supported
partly by a grant of 2.5/. .sterl. from the Ladies Asso-
ciation in England, partly l)y local contributions,
partly by assistance from the Christian Faith Society.
St. Peter's ; the schools on the estates of the Rev. N.
Gilbert, are supported entirely by himself. The as.
84
ANTIGUA.— EDUCATION— CRIME AND GAOL.
'i\ V\
t :
m
lit', ■ • i
f..'p
sistancc received from the local, or branch association
of the Christian Faith Society, in 1836, amounted to
nearly 20^ sterl. j but besides this, the assistance
given to each separate school by private individuals in
the loan of houses, allowances of provisions, &c.
would, if calculated, amount to a considerable sum.
The principle of small payments from the scholars,
has been tried with some, but not general success.
In the national schools in St. John's Town, the sum
of about 20 guineas, or rather more, was thus received
in 1836, by payments from the senior classes of three-
halfpence, sterl., and from the junior of half that sum
weekly. In some, also, of the rural schools, the plan
has succeeded. It will probably become general by
degrees. The total number under school instruction,
by this return, is less than by the last ; there has
been a falling off of about 200, or about one in eleven ;
which may be accounted for from various incidental
causes, but chiefly from the temporary failure of cer-
tain pecuniary supplies, on which the remuneration
of the teachers depended ; these supplies are now re-
turning, and the schools in consequence are begin-
ning to flourish again. Besides regular schools, there
is also much desultory instruction going on, by means
of which, individuals unnoticed in the parochial re-
turns, arc learning to read on estates, at the inter-
vals of their work, from their acquaintance or friends
or some private teachers. On the whole, education
is spreading in Antigua, as fast, probably, as is desir-
able. More excitement might unsettle the moral and
industrious habits of the people and give rise to dis-
content, though there is stiil room for the quiet and
gradual extension of Christian instruction, so that all
may read the scriptures and worship the supreme
Being intelligently.
There is a very general countenance of religious in-
structors and instruction in most of the islands, and
in Antigua particularly.
There are Sunday and infant day schools carried on
by the Church of England, the Moravians and the
Methodists. The majority of the clergy are intent on
the great duties of their calling : of the missionaries
too much can scarcely be said. A too rigid adherence
to high church principles has done much injury to the
establishment, and exhibited the inadequacy of the
episcopal system to the religious requirements of the
slave population. The abandonment of the West In-
dies by the Church Missionary Society, has been of
essential disservice ; still there is much doing by ex-
emplary and devoted men in the establishment, by
going about on the estates, and preaching in the negro
houses in a truly missionary spirit. The appointment
of assistants or helpers (called by the negroes " God-
fathers,") to exercise a certain surveillance over their
flocks on the plantation, has tended very much to give
efl^ect to their ministrations. By these and other
means, the character of the negroes has been much
improved, and their outward attention of religion
greatly increased ; add to this, the refusal of all the
ministers and missionaries to bury any whose names
are not inserted as members in their books, produces
an anxiety, on this, if on no other account, t be en-
rolled among the professors of religion. [B. B.]
IX
. Number of Prisoners in the Goal of Antigua throughout
each 1
year.
[B.B.]
i
No. of
Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
«
J3
a'
1
1 . 1 1
e3
i^
Male! Pm.
Totl.jMale
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Malel Fm. Totl. Male
1 1 1
Fm
Totl.
Male
Fm. Totl.
Q
1828
4C)! 13
59 1
1
36
8
44
4
1
5
4
1
5
1
— , 1
none
1829
32! 2
34 2
—
2
21
1
2
8
—
8
4
—
4
4
4
1831
27 2
29 2
—
2
19
2
21
5
—
5
18
2
20
7
—
7
none
1832
2f) 8
34 -
1
1
24
6
30
13
1
14
3
—
3
10
1
11
none
1833
53 9
62
2
1
3
40
6
46
9
—
9
5
—
5
4
—
4
1
1834
fi9' 16
85
2
—
2
56
15
71
11
1
12
11
—
11
23
8
31
«)
1835
875' 213
1088
18
2
20
276
57
3:J3
33
1
34
71
37
108
239
20 259
5
183f>
344
62
406
16
4
20
253
57
310
75
1
76
125
10
135
93
42
135
8
Note. — No return for 1830. An augmentation of prisoners in the two last years is given in all the gaol
returns, owing probably to some mistaken mode of filling up the Blue Book columns.
X. Antigua is legislated for by a Governor, Legisla-
tive Council (10 members), and House of Assembly,
consisting of a Speaker and 25 members, representing
the capital town (St. John's) and twelve divisions, or
six parishes, into which the island is divided. The
Governor of Antigua is also Governor and Comman-
der-in-Chief over Montserrat- Barbuda, St. Christo-
pher, Nevis, Anguilla, the Virgin Islands and Dominica ;
he, however, generally remains stationary at Antigua.
The Governor is chancellor of each island by virtue of
his office, but commonly holds the court in Antigua.
In hmring causes from the other islands he acts alone ;
but in cases which arise in Antigua he is assisted by
a council, and by an act of tYe Assembly of thi.s island,
the President and a certain number of the Council
may determine chancery causes during the absence of
the Governor. He has an FJxecutive Council of 12
members to assist him in his government. The other
courts of this island r.re a Court of King's Bench, a
Court of Common Picas, and a Court of Exchequer.
The militia consists of a brigade of artillery, a squa-
dron of light dragoons, and a windward and leeward
regiment of infantry.
Return of Militia [B. B.]— Artillery.— 1 Colonel;
I Lieut. -Colonel ; 1 Major ; 4 Captains ; 8 Lieute-
nants ; 1 Adjutant ; 1 Quarter-Master ; I Sm-geon ;
8 Serjeants; 8 Corporals; 3 Buglers; 170 Gunners;
1 Assistant Quarter Master. Total, 208.
Light Dragoons. — 1 Colonel; 1 Lieut. -Colonel ; 1
Major ; 2 Captains ; 2 Lieutenants ; 2 Cornets ; 1
Adjutant ; 1 Quarter-Master ; 1 Surgeon ; 4 Ser-
jeants; 4 Corporals; 89 Privates ; 2 Buglers ) Ar-
mourer. Total, 113.
1st Regiment. — 1 Colonel; 1 Lieut. -Colonel ; li
Majors ; 7 Captains ; 7 I-ieutenants ; 4 Ensigns ; 1
Adjutant; I Quarter-Master; 1 Surgeon; 14 Ser-
jeants; 9 Corporals; 14 Drummers; 98 Privates.
Total, 160.
2d Regiment,— 1 Colonel ; 1 Lieut. -Colonel ; 2
Majors
Adjuta
Surgeo
341 Pr
Reca
87; N
Total, !
ANTIGUA.— FINANCE— EXPORTS.
85
itruction, so that all
)rship the supreme
ance of religious in-
of the islands, and
y schools carried on
Moravians and tht^
clergy are intent on
of the missionaries
^ too rigid adherence
e much injury to the
; inadequacy of the
requirements of tlie
lent of the West In-
Society, has been of
I much doing by ex-
le establishment, by
•eaching in the negro
it. The appointment
I the negroes " God-
irveillance over their
led very much to give
By these and other
;roe8 has been much
ittention of religion
de refusal of all the
iry any whose names
heir books, produces
er account, t be en-
ligion. [B. B.]
[B.B.]
No.
of untried
Prisoners.
en
s?
lale
Fm.Totl.
Q
1
— , 1
none
4
— 4
2
7
— ' 7
none
10
1 11
none
4
— ; 4
1
23
8 '■ 31
2
:i9
20 259
5
J 3
42 135
8
given in all the gaol
of artillery, a squa-
idward and leeward
tillery. — 1 Colonel ;
aptains ; 8 Lieute-
aster ; 1 Surgeon ;
ers ; 170 Gunners;
il, 208.
Lieut. -Colonel ; 1
its ; 2 Cornets ; 1
Surgeon ; 4 Scr-
2 Buglers ; ■^r-
Lieut.-Colonel ; :'
ts ; 4 Ensigns ; 1
Surgeon ; 14 Scr-
lers ; 98 Privates.
Majors; 8 Captains; 10 Lieutenants ; 7 Ensigns ; 1
Adjutant; 1 Quarter- Master ; 1 Surgeon; 1 Assistant
Surgeon; 30 Serjeants ; 29 Corporals; 16 Drummers;
341 Privates; 1 Quarter-Master Serjeant. Total, 450.
Recapitulation. — Staff, 15; Commissioned Officers,
S7 ; Non-commissioned Officers and Privates, 843 ;
Total, 945.
XI. The Antigua gross revenue in pounds sterling
in 1821 was 12,382/.
Comparative yearly statement of the revenue of
Antigua. — Sundry Taxes, viz. Record Tax, Tax on
deficiency of White Servants, Cistern Tax, Street Tax,
&c. 1827, 12,369/. ; 1828,11,337/.; 1829, 19,884/.,
1830, 14,357/.; 1831, 18,154/.; 1832, 13,568/.; 1833,
17,843/.; 18.34,13,193/.; 1835,12,369/.; 1836,11,337/.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Expenditure of Antigua. [B. B.]
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
Salaries and Fees of Public Officers
Expenses of Police .
Expenses of Streets
Expenses of Public Buildings
Donations and Pensions .
Miscellaneous
7996
1277
873
1620
1143
4030
6615
1289
964
1474
643
2584
6486
1262
927
799
1637
4597
6874
1181
999
1359
281
2.542
6355
1104
1251
1399
443
6732
4183
1221
1316
523
231
4677
4107
2912
865
1120
1362
5759
4252
3268
872
611
275
6971
Total
16939
13569
15708
13236
17284
12151
16125
16249
Military Disbursements defrayed by the Colony in
1836.— [B. B.]— Fort James, 635/. sterling; Fort
George, 240/. do. ; Fort Byam, 303/. do. ; Fort
Johnson's Point, 60/. do. ; Old Road, 65/. do. ; Goat
Hill Battery, 292/. do. ; Rat Island Signal Post, 225/.
do. ; Militia, 625/. do. Total, 2,447/.
Recapitulation of Establishment [B. B.] — Civil Esta-
blishment, 7,320/.; Contingent Expenditure, 2,007/.;
Judicial Establishment, Coroner, 300/. ; No salary to
the Judges ; Ecclesiastical Establishment, 2,330/. ; Con-
tingent Expenditure, 2,883/. ; Miscellaneous Expendi-
ture, 6,345/.; Pensions, 275/. Total, 21,462/. sterl.
Commissariat. — Provisions and Forage received
from England, 3,875/. ; Purchased in the Command,
5,257/.; amount in pounds sterling, 9,132/.; Fuel and
Light received from England, 136/. ; Purchased in the
Command, 400/. ; amount in pounds sterling, 536/.
Miscellaneous Purchases, 29/.; Transport, 416/. ; Pay
of extra Staff, 330/. ; Military allowances, 751/. ; Spe-
cial services, 64/. ; Contingencies, 206/. ; Ordnance,
2,258/. ; Ordinaries, 10,583/. ; Pay of Commissariat
Officers, 762/. Total, 25,070/. Deduct Repayments.
—Commissariat, 293/. ; Ordnance, 439/. Total, 733/.
Remaining, 24,337/.
Return of the Taxes, Duties, and Contingent Receiots
from the Year 1831 to the Year 1836, both inclusive,
in Currency. [Antigua Herald and Gazette, Dec.
16, 1837, page 2.]
Year.
Taxes.
Duties.
Contingent
Receipts.
Total.
£.
£.
£.
£.
1831
10393
14374
9966
34733
1832
6934
11842
3465
22243
1833
9949
16973
8765
35687
1834
4432
18882
3071
26386
IB.O
3568
22715
11279
37562
1836
2411
16519
5114
24075
Shillings and pence omitted.
There are local revenues raised in each parish, by
rates on land and houses, or a grant in aid. Parishes
—St. John's, 1,662/. ; St. George's, 582/. ; St. Paul's,
787/.; St. Peter's, 402/.; St. Mary's, 749/. ; St. Phi-
lip's, 617/.; total, 4,799/. The disbursement is for
the salaries of the rector, clerk, &c., and for relief of
poor.
XII. 'ihe exports of the island in 1787, were
284,526 cwt. of sugar: 716,.546 gallons of rum;
5,910 gallons of molasses; 160,510 lbs. of cotton ; va-
lue of dyeing woods, 4,146/. ; miscellaneous, 48,006/. ;
—total value, 592,596/.
The principal exports since 1822 were: —
Years.
Sugar.
Rum.
Molasses.
Hogsheads.
Puncheons.
Puncheons.
1822
6603
2707
680
1823
10301
2518
5304
1824
16877
2708
7350
1825
13534
2591
7358
1826
17085
2966
8747
1827
5965
989
2990
1828
14150
2126
7976
1829
12849
3024
6338
1830
12025
2943
4259
1831
13148
2489
7912
1832
1835
11920
90
7235
1836
9267
3631
1837
No return for 1832 ; and the returns for 1833 and
1834 are of different denominations from the other
years.
In 1833, sugar, 15,689,016 lbs ; rum, 72,680 gal-
lons ; molasses, 642,690 gallons. In 1834, sugar,
29,835,512 lbs. ; rum, 112,594 gallons; molasses,
1,087,310 gallons.
Lieut. -Colonel ;
86
ANTIGIA—COMMEIICK— SI II m'lXG— PRODUCTS.
IMPORTS, KXPOKTS, AND SHlPPIXa OF ANTIGUA.
- iii.il
Hi :: i
Great Britain.
West
Indies
Nortli America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Yeara.
'
1
Val..*
No.
Tons.
Vttl.^
Val.^
No. Tons.
Val..*' No. Tons.
Val..*' No.
Tons.
Val. .f
No.
Tons.
Men.
ISTi
43,'i00
2!)
6!»nr
24110
49322
119' 7117
19733 19
2061
65009
172
7853
179964
339
23911
11)08
1823
SUOOO 40
9272
]7.'i()8
20009
142 7400
51584 70
69S8
11897
40
1321
1522(11
292
24981
1777
1H34
SOOOO
*7
10787
25779
21241
1 17I 7i-iS
71330
82
9252
8134
44
1705
176784
290
21 192
1889
I82S
J ,
SO
11190
20173
21702
1)6; 6423
8I9I6
81
9617
3819
21
1077
139140
268
28305
1824
IN26
, ,
42
12043
, ,
.,
162
9790
144
11656
348
33494
2507
W27
,.
2P
5410
28865
124
6832
46936
281
9426
75801
434
21668
IN28
, ,
8»
13661
41671
172
10334
58789
276
10116
100460
517
34311
1829*
8104
17485
157
11101
. .
62131
281
10804
87720
488
.33214
2937
)830
10895
12569
148
9919
1116
36737
164
6878
62317
34!)
2S178
2050
1831
14828
22569
192
11407
47223
58
6692
10160
80
2608
94782
385
32409
2330
1832
11926
19IS5
50
4447
31558
45
5937
110-6
112
2312
73716
358
27992
2055
183.1
44
9676
8596
17513
133
7162
38220
47
6271
5616
77
1730
69945
301
24839
1813
1834
7(J89 3.'5
uir>7
9383|
26559
191)
12530
15535
52
7384
3395
95
1583
64753
31)8
33654
2370
1835
;i40: 51
11913
14369
23367
200
9118
84138
67 10003
9962
129
3025
138985
447
34061
2532
1836
7280
43
10343
10002
iy8t3
217
8804
41020
37
5240
15547
155
3558
94010
452
27945
2094
From Elacwtiere, 1823, 1143/. i 1825,11530/.; 1830,1000/.; 1834,2189/.; 1836,307/.
* No returns for tills and the tliree follovriug; years.
EXPORTS OF ANTIGUA.
1823
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
154403
2 2
215950
3 5
304423
4 8
370730
43
48
108464
20
467124
60
278202
47
197859
45
228612
55
I39OOH
40
169000
42
320181
69
1/0356
56
161234
37
5413
7878
11096
9520
11230
4753
10349
9968
10576
11498
8989
9338
15678
11822
8779
7000
16398
137
10527
13697
7313
140
8515
19754
7248
121
8031
21241
11443
113
6985
..
240
11748
27537
131
7644
38.397
181
9657
28678
18548
195
II9I8
17981 1 14491
157
9085
.35766I 12803
191
10482
20448 14338
204
123()9
21022
8612
137
7780
29339
27743
217
12027
16292
6463: 225
11865
24946
4825!
1
274
13631
2039
14
1359
18787
68
6738
28336
82
9032
52216
7«
9353
983
3
256
10372
31
3686
57K7
16
2305
247(1
37
3415
921
33
3078
1295
30
3675
1923
18
2416
11824
153
7288
191 664
326
21587
4993
37
12.57
261388
280
24388
4435
34
1510
365430
285
29669
2895
17
798
462077
244
25656
91
9713
379
.32691
16173
271
9592
152174
422
21989
25772
235
9O8O
530293
466
29O86
22405
25!)
111761 348766
501
33062
8774
156
6373J 240088
361
26290
7090
91
35221 294645
407
32522
10127 113
4153! 188690
373
27819
5330 74
2257' 206464
290
22790
7199' 7!)
1219 385386
398 32002!
4862! 131
596I1 198270
442 333251
8662
134
4126
201591
463
28952
1
1883
1668
1780
1575
2614
2786
2084
2417
2082
I669
2183
2505
2535
To Eisewiiere, I829, 933/.
XIII. Antigua is most bountifully supplied with
a variety of edible vegetables and fruit. The yam,
sweet potatoe, cassave, cabbage, turnips, carrots, ra-
dishes, eddoes, squash pumpkin, cucumber, plantain,
ochro (spinnage), &c. are among tiie former; and
among the latter are the orange, mango, guana, shad-
dock, sweet lemon, pine apple, sapadillo, pomegranate,
grenadilla, plum, grape, almond, alligator (and other)
pears, melon, citron, banana, cashew, dildoe, redcaps,
soursop, bread, and jackfruits, &c.
Sugar is the staple of the island ; but other pro-
ductions are now being attended to. Among tlie
medicinal plants, spices, and trees, are a species of
absinthium, aloe perfoliata, amomum zinziber, anisum
vulgare, dolichas pruriens, datura stramonium, feetii-
culum dulce, glycirrhizza glabra, guaicum officinale,
several species of menthtc, rosmarinus officinalis,
quassia excelsa, and ricinus communis. Guinea grass
is extensively cultivated.
The coast, bays, and harbours are plentifully sup-
plied with excellent fish. Among the most numerous
are the herring, mackarel, baracouta (of great size) ;
glouper (sometimes ^0 pounds) ; toad (poisonous) ;
mauget, hedgehog, hog-fish (poisonous) ; jew-fish
(large and dear) ; snapper, flatfork, squerrel, chubb,
snitt, flounder, mullet, parrot (coloured like the bird).
eel (like a serpent) ; silver, luck, and ink (shedding
ink when caught) fishes ; abacore (a large size) ; shnrii
(plentiful) ; doctor (has a lance in the tail) ; spnit
(two varieties, one poisonous) ; king, fry, whitening;
(poisonous) ; wattee, hind, comaree, convalby, old
wife, queen mullet, cobbler, ten pounder, garr, bolalwc,
reay, shew, and crawfish cat (a curious fish with five
prongs, which, if left on the skin, sucks blood). The
king fish taken young is termed commmir, and, when
kept in a fish pond, or crawl for some time, is es-
teemed a great delicacy, as is also the mud fish (re-
sembling tench), commonly found in the water-courses,
The mangrove oysters are considered a tantalizing
dainty, and trunk lobsters, cockles, &c. are excellent,
Barbuda. — This island, the property of the Cod-
rington family, is situated 36 miles N. of Antigua,
about 20 miles broad, with 1,.500 inhabitants ; the
interior is level, the soil fertile, and the air of great
purity. It was first settled by a party of colonists
from St. Kitt's under Sir Thomas Warner, whom the
Caribs at first compelled to retreat ; but the English
finally returned, and (juickly began cultivation. The
chief trade of the colonists consist in raising cattle,
swine, poultry, horses, and mules, for sale in the
neighbouring islands. There is a good roadstead ; hut
the coast is dangerous.
Total.
No.
Tons.
Men.
339
23011
1008
21(2
24(181
1777
2{IU
21 ig'i
1889
2(iH
283U5
1824
34H
33404
2507
434
21668
.,
517
3431 1
48H
33214
2937
34!)
25178
2050
3H5
32409
2330
358
27992
2055
301
24H39
1813
3()8
33654
2370
447
34061
2532
452
27945
2094
;'.
326
280
! 285
I 244
379
422
468
501
361
4071
373
2901
398
442
463
21587
24388
29669
25656
32891
21989
29086
33062
26:^90
32522
27819
22790
32002
33325
28052
1883
1668
I78O
1.575
2614
2786
2084
2417
2082
1669
2183
2505
2535
and ink (shedding
large size) ; shark
in the tail) ; spnit
ing, fry, whitcnins;
aree, convalby, old
inder, garr, bolalwu,
ious tish with five
uclvs l)lood) . Tlie
(iiiHiur, and, when
some time, is es-
the mud fish (re-
nthewater-courscs.
dered a tantalizing
&c. are excellent.
operty of the Cod-
iles N. of Antigim,
inhabitants ; the
id the air of great
party of colonists
Warner, whom the
; but the English
cultivation. The
5t in raising cattle,
;s, for sale in the
lod roadstead ; Init
87
CHAPTER X.— NEVIS.
Section I. This delightful little island, one of the
leeward Caribbees, is separated from St. Kitt's by a
strait, almost two miles broad and full of shoals, in
latitude 17" 14' N. longitude 03" 3' W. It was first
colonized by a few Englishmen, in lfi28, under Sir
Thomas Warner : and it is termed by Smith, in his
amusing natural history of Nevis, " the mother of the
English Caribbee Isles."
II. Nevis is a single mountain, about four miles in
length, three in breadth, eight leagues in circum-
ference, with an area of 20 square miles, springing
by an easy ascent, as it were, out of the sea, and
evidently of volcanic origin. The summit has the
appearance of a crater. At a short distance from
Clarke's hill there are several hot springs, containing
neutral salts in solution. Their heat varies from 100
to 108 Farenheit. At the base of the mountain is a
border of level land, extremely fertile and well planted.
The appearance of Nevis is perhaps the most capti-
vating of any island in the West Indies. From the
S. and W. it seems to be nothing but a single cone
rising with the most graceful curve out of the sea,
and piercing a fleecy mass of clouds which sleep for
ever round its summit. It is green as heart can con-
ceive, perfectly cultivated, and enlivened with many
old planters' houses of a superior style, and churches
peeping out in the most picturesque situations ima-
ginable. A complete forest of evergreen trees grows
like a ruflF or collar round the neck of the high land.
where cultivation ceases. On the N. and the E. the
cone is not so perfect ; it falls ofl' in one direction in
a long slope, which terminates in a plain towards the
Narrows of St. Kitt's, and is broken to windward into
one or two irregular hills, Columbus is said to have
given the present name to this island, from the moun-
tain of Nieves in Spain. Edwards supposes that a
white smoke issued in that age from a volcano now
extinct, but perhaps the vapours which rest on the
summit may more probably have suggested the notion
of snow.
Charlestown, the seat of government, is a larger,
smarter, and more populous place than the capital of
Montserrat. It lies along the shore of a wide curving
bay, and the mountain begins to rise immediately
behind it in a long and verdant acclivity. The court
j house is a handsome building, with a square in front;
it contains a hall on the ground floor for the assembly
j and the courts of law, and another room up stairs for
the council.
The island is divided into five parishes, and it has
three tolerable roadsteads. /
Nevis at one time had a very large white population.
In 1073, there were 1,411 men able to bear arms, and
1,73!) negroes. In 1707, 1,104 whites, 3,f.7ri negroes.
In 1720, 2,358 whites, .'),68'J negroes. In 1730, l,29C
whites, .''),()4ri negroes. In 1788, 1.514 whites, 140
free coloured, 8,420 slaves. The white population is
now estimated at .'SOO.
III. Slave Population from 1817 to 1831.
Increase by
Decrease
jy
S
Birth.
Death.
e
cn
2
■3
S
13
S
e2
Males
"5
i
■a
a
1817
468,')
4917
9602
1822
4.') 83
4678
9261
.547 1 517
1064
685
.537
1222
42
182.')
4.')91
469.5
9286
349 316
665
358
335
693
38
1828
4.') 74
4685
9259
323 315
638
328 1 301
629
61
1831
4.526
4616
9142
334
309
643
343
336
679
66
Population of Nevis in 1836. [B, B.]
Parish.
Populatn.
Births.
Marriags.
Deaths
St Paul . .
1200
36
17
23
St. Thomas .
1890
21
13
22
St. James
1840
97
27
27
St. George
2250
98
27
34
St. John . .
2070
75
32
16
Total
9250
327
116
122
No census has been taken for many years, but the
present is the population as near as can be calculated.
Nearly all persons residing in the country are em-
ployed in the manufacture of sugar and rum, and in
preparing the lands for the cane and provisions. [B.B.]
A statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Prajdial- attached, Praedial-unattached,
and Non-PriBdial. [Parliamentary Return to the
House of Lords, March, 1838.]
ffffl
Ml
III
m\
ilii
89
NEVIS.— POPULATION— RKLKIION—KDUCATION.
Classes.
Head People. . . ,
Tradesmen ....
Inferior ditto . .
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto ..
Head People
Tradesmen ....
Inferior ditto . .
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto . .
Head Tradesmen
Inferior ditto . .
Head P. employ-
ed on wharfs,
shipping, or
other avoca-
tions
InfcriorPeople \
ditto /
Head Domestics
Inferior ditto
Children under
six years of
age on the 1st
August, 1834.
Aged, diseased,
or otherwise
Don-efTective
SS u
> in 9
2-fl
31»
4ti
2B7(i
ISIO
7
lA
3
104
40
88
2S
isi
K-i
51 S
78H0
"53
076fi0
24U93
l.^o
■^9i
S3
3304
733
!1170
448
498
9932
108
1733
903
18010
304
3637
1261
330
5029
NU.
Total.
No. of Slaves,
SI23.
Amount,
j6 100,349.
No. of Slaves,
176.
Amount,
1^3,699.
No. of Slaves,
1,926.
Amount,
^35,928.
Number of Claims having reference to each Division.
rrsedlal Attached, 77 ^ Preedial Unattached, 33 j Non-
pricdial, 289.
IV. Churches, lAvini^s, 8(c. [H. B. 1834.] Popula-
tion of each |)arish, about 1,27'>. Value of each iiv-
ing, 18,000 lbs. of sugar, or \2l>/. sterling.
St. Paul's, Charles Town — One parsonnRC house,
one and a qu.irter arres of Klebe; ehiirch situated
conveniently in the town, will contain (ioo jiersous ;
about 4.10 generally attend. No chniicl. Two dis-
senting places of worship.
St. Thomas. — No parsonage house, but 1,.')00 Ihs.
of sugar allowed as an equivalent, equal to IIU. 10,«. ;
about eight acres of glebe ; church situated in a cen-
tral part of the parish, will contain 140 persons; about
100 generally attend. One chnpel, erected on thi?
property of T. P. Huggins, Esq. ; service just now
discontinued.
St. James. — No parsonage house, but same allow-
ance as St. Thomas ; about eight acres of glebe ;
church situated in a central part of the parish, will
contain 170 persons; in general fully attended. One
chapel, erected on the property of T, J. CouU, V.sq. ;
40 persons generally attend. One dissenting place of
worship.
St. George. — Church situated in the centre of the
parish, will contain 250 persons ; about 120 generally
attend. Two dissenting places of worship.
St. John. — Church situated in the centre of the
parish, will contain 200 persons; about 100 generally
attend. [No return at the Colonial Office for 1836.]
V.
Schools, &c. of Nevis, in 1836. [B. B.]
Name of the
Parish, and in
what County
or District.
Public or Free
School, and where
situated.
Salary of School-
master or
Schoolmistress.
No. of Scholars.
Mode of
Instruction.
If supported by Govern.
ment or voluntary coritri-
butions, and amount of
each.
°s
e en
us
Remarks.
Male.
Feml.
Total.
Government.
Voluiitary.
St. Paul's
Charles Town
St. Thomas
Lowland
St. James
Windward
St. George
Gingerland
St. John
Figtree
Public, held in the
church yard.
Sunday school.
Infant school, held
In the church.
Public school.
Two public schools,
one at Newcastle
and one at the
parish church.
One Sunday school,
held in the parish
church.
One private school,
on Storey Hill es
tate.
Private school.
je. s.
25
10
25
16 10
12
12
14
11
14
56
75
30
38
44
21
75
22
48
44
95
20
35
40
21
75
23
52
100
170
60
73
84
42
150
45
100
National
system.
As Infant
schools In
England.
NaUonal
system.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Government,
jfc'50.
Paid by a fund
at the bishop's
disposal.
Ditto.
New Eng-
land Society
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
^50
25
Proper seal,
rooms are
muchreqrir-
ed. and com.
peient per.
sonstoteach
to do much
good among
the negroes,
for want of
which little
can bo ef-
fected.
There are
also five
private
schools in
this coloiiy.
1831
1832
IH33
1834
VII.
«/ Nevi
2042/.
sent in ;
cannot I
been bui
1824
1825
1831
1833
1833
1834
1835
1836
1834
1825
1831
1832
1833
1834
183S
1836
The domestic aifairs of Nevis are managed by a Lieut. -Governor, an Executive Council of 12, a Legis-
lative Council of 11, and a House of Assembly of 15 members. The laws and regulations of the island do
not require especial notice.
B. 1834.] Popiila
Valun of each liv.
sterling.
i> iiarsonage hoiiso,
)0 ; chnicli sitimtcil
)ntaiii (i(l() persons ;
) chapel. Two dis-
ouse, but 1,500 lbs.
. equal to VM. 10,?.;
;h situated in a ccn-
1 140 persons; about
pel, erected on t\w
.; service just now
jse, but same allow-
Sht acres of glebe;
; of the parish, will
'uUy attended. One
uf T. J. Coull, Esq. ;
c dissenting place of
in the centre of the
about 120 generally
f worship.
n the centre of the
; about 100 generally
nial Office for 1836,J
ern-
mtri-
tof
tary.
Iciety
o o
■" 2
jCSo
Remarks.
Proper sciil.
rooms are
muchreqrir-
ed, and com-
petent pe'-
sonsioteach
to do much
Kood among
the negroes,
for want of
which little
can be ef-
fected.
There are
also five
private
schools in
this colony.
Incil of 12, a Legis-
lis of the island do
NEVIS— FINANCE. COMMERCE.
VI. Prisoners in the Gaols of Nevis throughout each Yenr, [B, B.]
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
Ni). of un-
tried Prisoners,
\
>"
Male
Em.
Totl.
Male
Era.
Totl.
Male
Fm.jTotl.
Male
Em.
Totl.
Male Em.
Totl.
Male
Em.
Totl.
IS31
1832
1H33
1834
2
12
l.")
145
3
2
104
5
17
24'J
-
:
-
101
131
232
2
15
7
2
2
17
7
3
-
3
9
-
U
1
No returns for 1835 or 1836. Cost of each prisoner, 10«. ftd. sterling per week.
VII. Comftaraiive Yearly Statement of the Revenue
of Nevis in Pounds Sterlinfr.— 1830, 2935/. ; 1831,
2042/.; 1832, 1034/.; 1833,5794/.; 1834, no return
sent in ; 1835, 4357/. ; 1836, the return for this year
cannot be filled up, the Treasurer's books, &c. having
been burnt in the late fire.
Vlir. IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OK NEVIS
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Eujienditure
of Nevis.— \mO, •23441.; 1831,2567/.; 1832,1854/.;
1833, 4887/. ; 18.34, no return sent in ; 1835, 4238/. ;
1836, the return for this year cannot be lilled up, the
Treasurer's books having been burnt in the late fire.
Great Britain.
West
Indies
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Years.
Vol..;^
No.
Tons.
VaLje
Val.rf'
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val.rf
No.
Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons. Men.
1824
2274
818
1122
11
448
9747
17
1H62
3731
20
950
1.5419
57
5524 362
182t
i;s8s
1382
240
625
81
3937
17034
21
2511
4185
21
1044
50650
131
8874 784
1831
6S2
i»
28S4
6l63
4927
209
11262
79H4
17
2104
7737
74
2840
27634
309
1015O 1723
1833
321
. ,
2308
4028
6699
5861
20110
, ,
. . . .
1833
118
5
1203
2200
5782
95
.3645
8339
15
2108
2036
34
1220
18567
140
8266 751
1834
316
10
2645
0002
5747
98
4206
9358
13
1064
2384
31
850
27866
152
066S 806
1835
603
9
21. '(2
0667
5770
145
5258
8581
19
270O
2518
39
080
27866
212
11180 1026
1836
360
6
1372
9672
2007
158
4857
3093
6
60S
5661
75
1.560
20883
245
8487 1004
From Elsewhere, value, 1831, 160/. ) 1834, 150/.; 1835, 727'.
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF NEVIS.
1824
1825
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
39815
62645
26460
19931
31825
46223
25603
28802
1939
2302
3055
3065
3352
2153
1435
6025
12/80
24631
12284
10072
11280
12122
1700O
683
2074
3741
301O
4184
6510
3042
5465
311
82
230
210!
110
161
180'
005
3038
11446
788;
4360
6281
6322
4986
7096
1401
805
6021
6244
2533
2201
1671
2135
1658
4117
1820
1503
608
2100
2788
2660
5226
8HS
1084
2285
1238
836
845
27I8
2314
074
1310
1201
53609
88293
580O4
42157
53888
72200
46U33
55780
To Elsewhere, value, 1834, 84W. ) 1835, 358/. No returns from 1825 to 1831.
76
120
334
312
173
222
250
5351
8410
18877
17383
10524
11256
8746
433
767
1881
1603
882
1065
1134
The principal exports from Nevis, since 1830, were,
1831, Sugar, 3,313 hds. ; Rum, 76,566 gall.; Mo-
lasses, 82,257 gall. 1832, Sugar, 2,452 hds.; Rum,
42,692 gall.; Molasses, 96,348 gall. 1833, Sugar,
2,826 hds. ; Rum, 31,584 gall. ; Molasses, 17,864
gall. 18.34, Sugar, 4, 194 hds.; Rum, 52,248 gall.;
Molasses, 175,476 gall. 1835, Sugar, 2,297 hds.;
Rum, 35,700 gall. ; Molasses, 90,048 gall.
IX. The coin in circulation is estimated at 10,000/. ;
the denominations are, 1 dog (copper) = l4d. cur-
rency, or J(i. sterling ; 1 bit (silver) = 7 dogs. ; 1
dollar, = 72 dogs, = 9*. currency, or 4*. 6d. sterling.
There is no paper money. 200/. currency = 100/.
sterling.
X. Average Prices of Produce and Merchandize in
1836 [B. B.]— Horned cattle, 10/. each ; horses, 30/. ;
sheep, 1/.; goats, 1/.; swine, 1/.; milk, 9(/. perquart
when it can be procured ; fresh butter, '2s. 6d. per lb. ;
salt butter, 2«. 3(/. ; cheese. Is. 6d. ; wheaten bread,
4i(/. ; beef, 9d. ; mutton, 9(i. ; pork, Hd. ; rice, 44(/. ;
coffee, l.f. 6rf. ; tea, 9rf. ; sugar, U'. ; salt, l^d.; wine,
2/. per dozen; brandy, 1 Is. 3(/. per gallon ; beer, I2.v.
per dozen ; tobacco, Od. per lb.
JVages for Labour. — Domestic, 1/. 2s. 6d. per
month ; praedial. Is. per day ; trades, 2s.
The chief production of the island is sugar, the
cultivation of which adds much to the richness of the
scenery when contrasted with the mountain forests.
There are five steam-engines, 40 wind, and 45 cattle
mills for the manufacture of sugar, rum, molasses, &c.
CHAPTER XL— MONTSERRAT.
Section I .— Montserrat in 16.47. N. lat., 62.13.25.
W. long., 22 S. W. of Antigua, the same distance
N.W. of Guadaloupe, and S. E. of Nevis, is about 12
miles long, 7i broad, and 34 in circumference, con-
taining 47 square miles, or about 30,000 acres.
II. — ^The isle was discovered and named by the
sailors of Columbus, Montserrat, a name expressive in
the Spanish language of its broken and mountainous
appearance. In 1632 it was first settled on by Sir
Thomas Warner, under the protection of the British
Government; about 1664, in the beginning of the
reign of Charles II. it was taken by the French, but
restored to the English at the peace of Breda, and has
continued ever since under our flag.
III. — Like many other islands in its vicinity, Mont-
serrat most probably owes its origin to a volcanic
N
•'hi' -It,
Mi '-r2
90
MONTSr.RRAT— OKOF.OOY, MINERALOOY AND SOU,, CI.IMATF., POPULATION.
eruption; liki- thrrn it runs from S. K. to N.W., is
i>r|imlly mouiitniiiiiiis, brolvon, mid iiiterscctfil ; on the
N. tlic rxtrcmity of the innuntuin cliiiin ti'rniiiinti's in
a l)ol(l hi'H(l-lan(l coaHt, close to wlilch vesseU mny
approacli with safety, l)ut tliere is no landing, nnd
Kcurei'ly any nnehornge iiIohr the constt ; tlie land
slopes gently down to the shore, or rather ascends
from it, like the W. side of ttie islntid, hy n siieeession
of roiniil eonglomeriite hills, overtoppmg i'n<'h other in
pleasing undiilutions until they reneht he n)oimtninhuse.
On the S. there is no approneh for vessels of any
description until they get to the westward ; the sea
for a mile or two is studded with immense rocks and
slielviuK hanks of coral, which prohihit even the ap-
f I proach of boats ; at this |)oint the island springs up
at once, and nearly perpendicular, to the height of
l.'iOOfeet; from thence the mountains begin to ac-
cumulate, throwing out hrnnches nearly at right an-
gles K. and W., of unerpial magnitude, as if for sup-
porters, to those originally formed ; subsequently they
advance and shoot up to iir>00 feet, stretching across
to the N. extremity, and terminating in the abrupt
head-land above mentioned.
The mountains in many places arc totally inaccessi-
ble in eonsefpience of their declivities forming steep
precipices of clay-stone, and heuig separated from each
other by immense perpendicular chasms, several hun-
dred feet deep. These gullies, and the mountains, are
richly clothed to the very summit with lofty woods,
and all the variety of beautiful shrubs and plants \)C-
culiar to a tropical mountain region. On the S. W.
side of the chain is a small suiijfriere, situate 1000 feet
above the sea in a dell, formed by the approximation
of three conical hills ; the scenery around which is
grand and beautiful. No marshes exist, but a small
lake is situate on the top of a high hill on the west
side of the mountains, about two miles from Plymouth,
which remains I'idl the whole year.
Plymouth, the capital, is small, hut extrenu-ly well
built, and the houses constructed of a line grey-stone,
have a substantial and comfortable appearance.
IV. The same geological features murk Montserraf
as are to be found in the neighbouring isles ; many ot'
the rocks might be termed vast masses of clay of vari-
ous hues and colours. The conical hills abound with
carbonati.' of lime, iron pyrites, and aluminous earth.
The supcrstrative soil is in general dry, light, thin,
gravelly, and thickly covered with blocks of clay and
sandstone, except in the vallies where the loamy earth
is deposited by rains.
V. The Montpellierof the W. is the term given to
this Indian isle, which has long been celebrated for
the peculiar elasticity of its atmosphere, the majestic
grandeur of its picturescpie and lofty mountains and
bewitching scenery. The temperature of course varies
according to locality. On the windward and leeward
sides, and according to the elevation above the sea, the
air is generally cool and dry ; the seasons arc similar
to those of the neighbouring isles j it is siihjei'tto hur-
ricanes, but their visitation are not severe or fre(|ueiit.
VI. This island, like many of our W. I. posses-
sions, was at one time more densely peopled by Ku-
ropean colonists than it is at present. In ITilH there
were 1000 white families, with a militia of liCiO etfcc-
tive Europeans. In l(i73, there were V,\1^> men olile
to bear arms, and ."ia.'J negroes; in 1707, whites, l..^.'),
negroes, .^..^ro ; in 1720, W. I.Chh, N.:»,772 ; in 17-M,
W. 1.000, Militia, .'■>00, N. 4,100; in H.'IO, W. l.-VJ:.,
N. .'■>,(;i6; in 17:t3, N. f),17f>; in 17H7, W. 1,;)00,
Free coloured. 2li0, slaves, 10,000; in 1791, there
were about 1.300 W., and 10,000 N.; in 180,'"., W.
1,000, free coloured, 2.')0, slaves, 'J,.'>00.
The increase and decrease of the Slave Population
, since
l?i7, was—
Increase by Birth.
Decrease by Death.
1
9
.
S c
^i
>
Males.
Females
1
i
•a
1
"3
S
(A
CI
•a
e
1
Q
1817
.S047
3.563
6610
,
„„
,
- „
M«
1H21
3032
.3473
6.'-)0.5
329
281
610
31(
279
.'■.97
40
1824
2878
3400
6278
313
28!)
602
.3i',
286
613
32
1827
2867
33D.5
6262
314
328
642
265
264
.'■>29
44
Census of Montserrat in 1828.
Males. Females. Total.
"Whites, 139 176 315
Free Coloured, 337 481 818
Slaves, 2923 3324 6247
Total 3399 3981 7380
Of the population 4600 were engaged in agriculture,
30 in manufactures, and 40 in commerce. In 1830
the births were 233, and the deaths 33.
Return uf the J'opulation in 1834. [B. B.] — The
island generally contains, Whites, 143 males, 169 fe-
males; coloured, 324 males, 503 females; total, 477
mal'is, 672 females.
What the present number of the population may
be is uncertain, and especially of the apprenticed la-
bourers ; because many of them have emigrated to
Demerara, and a few to Trinidad. It is asserted by
those who are best acquainted with the fact, that
great mortality has prevailed among the children on
plantations since the year 1834. The return below,
of births and deaths, is not to be taken as complete,
because some of the negro children die before they arc
baptized, and others of the negroes who live at a dis-
tance from the clergyman, bury their dead without
any application to him. Another hindrance to the
completion of this information, is, that of there not
being any minister appointed for the new parish
church of St. George.
The correct number of persons employed in agri-
culture, will not be ascertained until after the year
1840 ; because they are now the pra'dial unatlaelied,
who are sometimes employed in agriculture, and at
other times at different occupations.
In the united parishes of St. Anthony and St. Pa-
trick, — Births, 222; Marriages, 28; Deaths, 3G. la
i'ULATlON.
1)11011 from IMymoutli,
,r.
I, lint cxtrrmoly well
I of II tltip (jr^y -stone,
Ic uppenraiicc.
res nmrk Moiitnerrat
iiriiiK inles ; inuiiy of
nnsHos of elny of vari-
enl liills nl)oiiiul with
Hill almninouM enrtli.
ernl dry, lif;ht, thin,
h hloeks of clay anil
rhercthc lonmy earth
Is the term pflvcn to
liecn celehrntcd for
iHphere, the majestii'
lofty mountains and
iture of course varien
ndwnrd and leeward
on nhovc the sea, the
; seasons ore similar
J it is suhject to hur-
it severe or freipieiit.
r our W. 1. posses-
sely peopled hy Ku-
icnt. In \MH there
, militia of 'M'<0 cffcc-
iverc I.IV.I men ahle
1707, whites, l,r>ir,.
I, N. 3,772 ; in 17lM,
in 17:iO, W. l.rrli,,
in I7H7, W. l,;t()(»,
00; in 1791, there
)0 N.; in 180r., W.
9,r)00.
1.
3
9
Sc
IX O
J2'S
<u.S
s s
'
(U
Q
.
,
»7
40
3
32
19
44
n
ith the fact, that
g the children on
The return below,
taken as complete,
die before they arc
who live at a dis-
heir dead without
hindrance to the
that of there not
the new parisli
employed in agri-
itil after the year
■itdial unatlHelu'd,
^riculture, and at
thony and St. Pa-
Ueaths, 3U. In
MONTSKIIUAT— IXJIMH.ATION.
the parish of St. Peter, — Hirths, lt> ; fotuj, I'dH : M«r-
liHKPs, ('. ; total. Ml : Deiitlis, 12; liit»l, 4H.
A statement of the niimlier of Slaves for whom
eompensation has been ehilmed, and of the number
i)f clninis preferred for sueh eiuupensatiori, and of
ilie amount of eompeimation awaidtd in each of the
classes of priedial-uftiiehed, pradiaJ-unattaehed, and
iion-pneilial. [Parliamentary rulum to the House of
Lords, March, lH3ti.J
■at
W
* a
Cluiei.
Mt'iiil I't'oiilc , ,
rrnili'smen ....
InfiTiorilltto ..
I'k'lil I.HliiiiirerH
liilvriorUlttu ..
Head I'coplo . ,.
rradexnicn ....
Infcriiir illtto ..
Kli'lil l.ahniircrH
Interior ditto . .
HeailTrnilesincn
Inrurior illttii ..
Head I', employ-
ed on whuriR,
HlilpiilnK. or
other avoca-
liiiiis
Inf. People dlt(i)
Head Ifoinestics
Inferior ditto . .
Cliildreii under
six years of
aifo on the 1st
Aiif,'uat, IHJi
AjC'ili diseased,
or otiierwise
uon-efTective
iiid
*7
1171
IH
(1
1 2
:«l!)
l.M
.tl
!i2
45
170
IMS
330
= 5
16i(i;(
•J(!h;
l(i7'i
.1 1'JHI)
XXHVi
4A6
l.'ii
a;;i
8411)
IIIU^
12U3
am
III
laus
38!)!)
Totitl.
No. of HhivoH,
;l!),^4.
Ainniiiit,
No. of MIbvci,
fi.Mi.
Amount,
Nu. of Slaves,
siti.
AnioiiDt,
^lirjDJ.
UKI.KilON, KDICATION. 91
VII. Number of Churehes, l.ivinRs, *tr. in IH3fi.
\\\. II. I — In the united pnrishei of Ht. Anthony and
St. I'atriek, there is one Protestant ihiireh, whieh
will eontain 7.'iO persons, anil is Keiu'rally well tilled ;
the viiliie of the liviiiK is about 'JOO/. sterliuK- In the
parishes of St. Peter and St. (ieorne, there is one I'ro.
testaiit church, whieh will contain, when the enlarKC.
ment is completed, 3,')(l persons, it is Renerally well
attended; the value of the living is about 200/. sterl.
There are also three DissentiuR places of worship, one
in town and two in the country, belonging to the
\Vesleya"s. The Wesleyan chapel in town contains
400 persons ; that in the country to the east, 700 ;
and that to the north, l,''>(). There is an infant day
school in town, attended by 12t'i scholars; and two in
the country, attended by 130. They have also three
Sunday schools, which arc well atlendud.
VIII. In 1H31, there were six public or free schools,
with '1)H males and 3'.lO female scholars.
Number of Schools, Scholar.!, &c. in 1834.
Parish.
St. Anthony
St. Peter's
Name of School.
No. of Scholars.
Ml. I Fm. Total
*Plymoufh
Ditto Infant sch.
St. Peters'
76
43
ll9t
about
i.iot
■as
< K
100/.
50/.
Number of claims liavinir reference to eacli division.
I'ricdial AttuoheU, 54 i Pra:diul Uiiiittuclieil, ,M i Nim-
prKdiol, 151.
• Mode of Instruction. — Reading, writipi, arilh.
metic, church cateciiisni, Crossumn's Incroduc.'on.
t Supported by the government.
Return of the Number of Schools in 183(>.
[B.
B.]
Public or Free School,
Salary of master
Scholars.
How
Supported.
Kxpcnse
of each
Parish.
or mistress.
M.'
Fm. Tot.
School.
St. Anthony and
Public school, Ply-
20/. sterl.
7S
155
233
By the bishop,
Tiie only
St. Patrick,
mouth.
exceptthc school
additional
United.
Ditto, Fry's estate
10/. sterl.
52
47
yy
in Plymouth, for
expense
Ditto, Broderick
10/. sterl.
28
42
70
which the " La-
is that of
Ditto, Parsons'
10/. sterl.
15
k;
31 dies' Society,"
house-rent.
Ditto, Roach's
10/. sterl.
If.
20
3f>
provide.
St. Peter and
Public school, at the
10/. sterl.
27
40
67
No additional
St. George.
church.
expense
Ditto, Gerrald's estate
10/. sterl.
24
2(;
50
to that which
Ditto, Old-road estate
10/. sterl.
22
26
48
is already
Ditto, Harris's estate
10/. sterl.
3fi
»3
69
stated.
Ditto, White's estate
10/. sterl.
36
20
56
334
4j»
759
In addition to the day schools, there are four Sun-
day schools, consisting of the children of the day
schools and of about 300 others who are unable to
attend during the week. The total number under
instruction in these parishes, amount to 878. There
is also one private scliool, but the number of scholars
is very limited. A great iiortion of the rising gene-
ration ore without means of obtdining instruction,
and they are consequently more idle and vicious than
tho children of most oth^T Brit. \W>st India colonies.
Besides the day schools here set down, there are
three Sunday and two evening schools, containing
about 200 persons in adt ition to the number stat'cUto
be in attendam c with th ; day schools.
m'.\
■ili! :| Ml'
MONTSERRAT— CRIME AND GAOLS, COMMERCE.
IX. Number of Prisoners in the Goals of Montserrat, throtighout each year. [U. B.]
No. of
Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
JS
S
>"
Male
Em.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
1
Totl.lMale
Fm.
Totl.
Q
1829
1
2
3
1
o
3
Nil.
1830
8
, ,
8
, ,
..
4
..
4
4
, ,
4
4
, ,
4
4
, ,
4
ditto
1831
1832
1833
1
. ,
1
1831
8
2
10
, ,
, .
, ,
1
1
2
7
1
8
5
, ,
f)
6
, ,
T)
ditto
183fi
CO
45
lOf)
3
1
4
4.'-.
48
93
7
1
8
..
, .
, .
7
1
8
ditto
No return given in for 1831, 1832, and 1835.
X. The executive is embodied in the government of
Antigua, but the islanders enjoy their separate Coun-
cil and House of Assembly, the former consisting of
11 members and the latter of 12 members. The
militia consists of 1 major, 4 captains, 4 lieutenants,
2 ensigns, 24 serjcants and 182 rank and file. A
troop of horse is forming.
XI. Rermiifi of Movsrrrat for 1836. — Transient tax,
52/. ; import duty, 520/. ; duty on brandy and gin,
2C)l. ; export duty, 1 1 W. ; liciuor duty, 53/. ; colonial
duty, 249 /. ; fees received from town police, 50/. ;
property tax on lands, 5,707/; property tax on houses,
919/. ; income tax, 2 per cent. 13.")/.; income tax, I
per cent. 108/. ; Miscellaneous, 22/. ; Total revenue,
7,952/. Total revenue for 1834, 3,9G0/. Total reve-
nue for 1835, <),24(i/. No local returi .
The Erpendil lire for 1830, was 8,6141., of which
the poor received, 700/.; the police, 1,300/.; the
clergy, 1,082/.; and the military expenditure by the
colony, about 600/. British Military Expenditure in-
cluded in Antigua.
Recapitulation of the Establishment paid by the Co-
lony in sterlin<:^ money . — Civil establishment, 1,774/.;
contingent expenditure, 988/. ; judicial establishment,
100/.; contingent expenditure, 184/.; ecclesiastical
establishment, 439/. ; contingent expenditure, 141/.;
miscellaneous expenditure, 710/.; Total, 4,337/.
The coin in circulation is about 2,000/. There is
no paper money. 210/. currency = 100/. sterling.
XII. The details enumerating staple products, as
given under the other islands, answer for Montserrat,
the sugar and rum of which, are much esteemed.
Cotton is now being cultivated with success.
IMPORTS
. EXPORTS
, AND SHIPPING OF MONTSERRAT. [B.R]
Great Britain.
West
Indies
North America.
United states.
Foreign States,
Total.
Years.
1
1
Val. £
No. Tons.
Val.£
Val. £ No.
Tons.
Val. £ No.
Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons,
Men.
IK22
;(i(io
5 I2.'54
:)ooo
4.')00 1 27
972
716
1
60
3000
14
531
18215
46
2807
239
]S2-
■.ua
7 K73
338.')
99"> ' Sli
2223
279.'>
21
1135
7520
84l 5131
438
IK'.!!)
4,'.18
5
12(!(l
79.V
I7'i.'J i 86
3724
. .
4574
55
2018
18804
146 6998
737
1830
Mm
4
H.')2
y:ifii
1185 78
386.'!
..
2237
28
1 1 07
17781
no
5824
.179
18,3,S
riifii)
.?
i;)ii
10.55(1
28;)7 !)2
3325
S25
:)
278
1228
*7
595
22800
117
5509
562
1H34
sr-'ifl
8
1873
11370
H64 1 85
2514
93*
10
571
1329
24
1126
20247
127
6134
.591
man
4721
4
1012
II917
808 110
3032
2249
7
856
1983
16
315
21678
137
5165
587
IB»6
74«2
4
1117
9210
2350 128
1
3013
•117
5
469
1397
V
823
20836
.7.
5422
719
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF MONTSERRAT.
1822
1827
1829
1830
1833
1834
1835
1836
3fi000
5
1162
400
1200
22
1381
29i)(IO
6
1465
1075
742
38
I68O
36931
5
1260
30!I2
1748
99
4022
23835
5
1237
16,'iO
2563
81
4060
I676O
3
814
2381
2288
104
3911
32708
<)
151)8
2613
254 1
102
3804
17097
4
1012
2314
.542
115
29,^7
17898
5
.292
3.-|78
280
106
2533
867
S
5.35
■•
4
295
To Elscvvlirre in I829, 292/.; 1835,76/.
No returns for 1831, and 1832
4000
20
707
41200
47
3250
2950
26
1174
34667
70
4319
1762
41
1576
43825
145
6858
1679
33
1279
297^9
119
6576
21429
107
4755
1303
23
890
.39165
131
6292
408
9
369
21304
133
4873
248
23
556
22004
IM
4676
274
377
747
648
508
633
»7I
556
The principal exports from Montserrat since 1828,
were as follows: — 1829, sufriir, 1718 hds. ; rum, 1109
puncheons; inolas.ses, M puncheons; I8H0, sugar,
1349 hds. ; rum, 981 j)unclu'ons ; molasses, .')4 pun-
cheons; 1833, sugar, (i54 hds. ; rum, 218 puncheons;
molasses, 425 jiuncheons ; 1834, sugar, 744 hds. rum,
577 piinrhcons ; molasses, 744 i)i .chrons ; 1835,
sugar, ri(''7 hds. ; rum, 323 puncheons ; molasses, 2()8
puncluoiis; 183(), sugar, 698 hds.; ruin, ir>l pun-
cheons ; molasses, 264 puncheons.
XIII. Prirm of Produce and Merchandise, 18.16.
[B. H.]— Horned (attle, It. \0x. raHi ; horses, 33/.
each ; sheep, I3.<. (ii/. (■o<'h ; swine, varying from 9,«.
to 36.?. ; milk, 6rf. per qt. ; butter, fresh, 4s. Cd. per
lb. (very scarce) ; butter, salt, 4,;. C>d. peril).; cheese.
Is. 1(/.^. per lb.; wheaten bread, 4i (/. to M. per lb.;
beef, 9(/. per lb. ; mutton, 9f/. i)er lb. ; pork, 61/. per
lb.; rice, XL Is. per cwt. ; cofl'ee, 5/. 8.s. per cwt.;
tea, 13.S'. 6</. per lb. ; sugar, 1/. 1 Is. dd. per cwt. ; salt,
6s. 9(/. per bush. ; wine, from 18s. to 54s. ])cr doz. ;
brandy, lOs. per gal.; beer, 13s. fii/. per doz. ; to-
bacco, 5/. Hs. per CAt.
lVa<;es for Labour. — Domestic, 13s. 61/. to 18,?. per
month ; Procdinl, \{d, per day ; Trades, 2/. S.s. pci
month.
'.'3
n.B.]
. of untried
risoncrs.
s
e
Fm.
Totl.
a
1
4
6
8
Nil.
ditti.
ditto
ditto
olice, 1,300/.; tiic
expenditure by the
try Expenditure in-
ent paid by tin' Co.
blishment, 1,774/.;
icial establishment,
84/. ; ecclesiastical
expenditure, 141/.;
Total, 4,337/.
t 2,000/. There is
= 100/. sterling,
staple products, as
ver for Montserrat,
re much esteemed.
;h success.
Total.
No.
Tons,
Men.
46
2807
239
84
si:u
438
146
6!)!I8
73-
no
5824
S7!)
117
•wop
.Vrj
127
6134
.•iill
137
.lies
.')87
1/4
J)422
719
3250
4,"119
8858
6576
4755
6292
4873
4676
274
3;?
747
648
508
633
571
556
Ifrcsh, As, 6d. per
\. peril).; cheese,
](/. to Ctd. per lb.;
. ; pork, fn/. ])cr
|)/. Hs. jier cwt. ;
I/, per cwt. ; salt,
|o .'')4.v. per doz. ;
I/, per doz. ; to-
K. Ctd. to 18.?. per
Idrs, 2/. 5s. per
CHAPTER XII.— ST. CHRISTOPHEK.
Section!. In 17.18. N. latitude, f.2.40. W. Ion.,
gitude, 72 miles in circumference, and containing OS
square miles, is situated St. Kitt's or St. Christo))her,
called by the Caribs Licmuiffa, or the fertile isle, and
in shajie somewhat like Italy — as an outstretched leg.
II. This singular looking but beautiful siiot was
discovered by Columbus, in 1493, and, as stated by
some, received its name from the great navigator
himself, by reason of his being so pleased with its
fertile appearance ; others say its name is derived
from a jiart of Mount Misery, bearing a resemblance
to the statues common at *'iiat jieriod on church
porches, of St. Christophei v.arrying our Saviour on
his shoulders. The island was then densely peopled
by Caribs, who remained for some time after its
discovery in possession of their native home, subject
to the occasional visits of the Spaniards for water,
with whom they arc stated to have been on terms of
friendship — a very doubtful fact, unless the Spaniards
did not require the land or persons of the Caribs.
In IC23, Warner (afterwards Sir Thomas) settled
on the island, with his son and fourteen Londoners,
and found three Frenchmen residing in tranquillity
with the natives. Warner returned to England for
more recruits, and, on his return in 1625, landed the
same day with M. D'Enambuc, who had arrived from
France with a party of colonists. The Caribs took
alarm — made war on the European invaders — were
discomfited with the loss of 2,000 in killed and
wounded, leaving 100 foes dead from their poisoned
arrows. The English and French agreed to divide the
island between them, and articles of partition were
signed 13th of May, 1()27. The island was divided
into upper and lower portions — the former and most
extensive, called Capisterre, belonging to the French;
and the lower, called Basseterre, alone inhabited by
the English.
Don Frederick de Toledo, a Spaniard, proceeding to
Havannah, with 15 frigates and 24 shijis of burden,
attacked the colonists in 1029, liurned and plundered
in every direction, and carried off 600 Englishmen as
prisoners ; but the flow of emigration was so great
to the West Indies at this period, that in the follow-
ing year the number of English settlers amounted to
6,000. Jealousies, bickerings, and at length hostili-
ties began between the English and French settlers,
which were stopped by the latter compelling the
former to return within their line of demarcation ;
but, although it was agreed that if France and Eng-
land went to war the colonists of St. Christopher
should remain neutral, the resolution was broken on
the commencement of hostilities in Europe, and a
terrible battle, which lasted several days, ended in
favour of the French colonists, who assumed the
mastery of the vhole island, and gallantly defended
their acquisition in the following year against a large
Knglish force (sent to recover possession), in the
contest for which Lord Belamont and Colonel Lau-
vrrii were slain, all their officers wounded, eight
colours lost, 700 Ihitish troops killed and drowned.
and many taken prisoners. At the peace of Breda,
the English colonists were restored to their portion
of the island — and for 20 years the French and Eng-
lish lived in peace; but in 1689 the former entered
the territory of the latter, put to death all who
opposed, and, by the aid of tire and sword, forced the
English to tly from the colony. In the following year
General Codrington and Sir F. Thornhill, with a large
force from Barbadoes, drove the French from St.
Christopher's, and for several years the English, in
turn, remained masters of the whole island ; but by
the treaty of Ryswick, restitution was made to the
French of the part they had formerly possessed — this
they retained until 1702, when the island was cap-
tured by the English ; and by the treaty of Utrecht,
in 1713, entirely ceded to the British crown. Mo.st
of the French removed to St. Domingo, and the sale
of the crown lands produced a huge sum for govern-
ment, of which 10,000/. was voted as a marriage por-
tion for the daughter of George II. St. Kitt's rapidly
increased in prosperity, notwithstanding the effects of
a terrific hurricane in 1722, which destroyed 500,000/.
worth of ])roperty. In 1782, the Maniuis I)e Bouilk^,
with 8,000 troops, and supported by the Count De
Grasse with 29 sail of the line, captured the island
ere Sir S. Hood, with 22 sail of the line, could effect
any thing for its relief. The treaty of peace, signed
at Versailles in the following year, restored St. Chris-
topher's to Great Britain, in whose possession it has
since remained. In 1805, a large French force landed
at Basseterre without opposition, levied 18,000/. as
contribution, and sailed away with six merchant ships
wl'.ich they found at anchor in the bay, and burned
as soon as they got out to sea.
III. St. Kitt's presents to the eye an irregular
oblong figure, through the centre of which runs a
regular scries of mountains from N.to S. in the midst
of which stands Mount Misery, 3,711 feet in perpen-
dicular height, and, although evidently a volcanic
production, clothed with the finest wood and pasture,
almost to the very summit. From the foot of Mount
Misery and the adjoining hills the country has a
uniform sloping direction, stretching from a centre to
a circumference, bounded by the coast, every inch of
which is in a high state of cultivation. There is no
plain in the island deserving the name of a 8wani|),
and the great declination of the land towards the sea
carries off any superabundant moisture. On the W,
side. Brimstone lull rises gradually from the sea to a
height of 750 feet; its E. prospect for two thirds of
its altitude has a somewhat conical appearance, and
then suddenly projects into two peaks, the N. one
being called Fort George, the S. Fort Charlotte or
Monkey Hill. At the foot and between these jiro-
minences is a plain of quadrangular shajie, compass-
ing about an acre of land, having on its E. skirts the
barracks (denominated Bedlam), for 220 men. The
fortifications arc very strong, and there is a tank
within the rampiuls cnpable of containing '.(0,000
gallons of water. Monkey hill is the S. termination
94
ST. CHRISTOPHER.— GEOLOGY— CLIMATE— POPULATION.
of a range of great mountains, which increase in
height towards the N., and thicken together in enor-
mous masses in the centre of the island. The a])ex
of this rude pyramid is the awful crag of Mount
Misery, which is bare, black, and generally visible
whilst the under parts of the mountain are enveloped
in clouds. It may, indeed, be termed a tremendous
precipice of 3,000 feet, shooting slantingly forward
over the mouth of a volcanic chasm, like a vast aerial
peninsula. The vale of Basseterre is exquisitely beau-
tiful when viewed from the hills of Mary Cayon, it
has been said that there is no place on earth which
can surpass the richness and cultivated beauty of this
lovely scene. Nothing can be better disposed for
completing the effect than the plantations are ; the
tall arf3 moving windmills, the houses of the proprie-
tors, the works and palm-thatched cottages of the
negroes embosomed in plantain groves, present the
appearance, as indeed they are the substance, of so
many country villages in England. On one side is
Basseterre, with the ships, on the other the ocean to
windward, the mountains behind, in front the broken
peninsular termination of the island to the S., the
salt lakes gleaming betv/een the opening of the rocks,
and Nevis towering majestically over all.
There are four rivers in the isle, two at Oldroad, in
the parish of St. Thomas, middle island ; another at
the small village of St. Mary's (Cayon), and the
fourth (Pelhans) at Palmetto point, Trinity parish.
In rainy weather few plantations are without their
running streams. In the low lands springs are plen-
tiful, but some of their waters unfit for drinking,
owing to strong saline impregnations. The water in
common use (as is the case in most of our West
India possessions) is rain water, collected from the
houses, preserved in large tanks, and of wholesale
quality.
IV. This isle is unquestionably of igneous origin ;
immense layers of volcanic ashes are found in every
parish, and the soil is chiefly of a dark grey loam,
extremely porous. At Sandy Point, St. Ann's parish,
there are alternate layers of this loam and ashes, to
the depth of 75 feet, on a substratum of gravel. This
compost is considered the best in the West Indies for
the cultivation of sugar. Clay is found in consider-
able quantities in the high or mountain land, while
the low lands are entirely deficient of it. Among the
mountains in the centre of the island there is one
which contains mines of sulphur, and there is another
not far distant from Fort Charles, in which there is
said to be a mine of silver. In the N. E. there are
very fine salt ponds, which produce most excellent
salt; one of these is more than 100 acres in extent,
surrounded with several lesser ponds. The structure
of Brimstone Hill consists of granite, limestone, pri-
mary rock, schistus, volcanic ashes and madrepores,
with a very small proportion of alluvial deposits on a
few spots.
V. From the smallness of the isle and its elevation
above the sea, St. Kitt's is extremely dry and healthy;
the mean temperature on the coast is 80, but the
mornings and evenings of the hottest days are agree-
ably cool. The coldest month is February — the
warmest August. The winds for the greater part of
the year are from the N. E. and S. E. ; and although
the isle is, from its position, within the range of the
hurricanes, yet by these storms the air is tempered
and purified, and health is the natural result. The
rains that fall are more frequent than heavy, and the
bracing qualities of the atmosphere are pourtrayed in
the ruddy complexions of the inhabitants and the
vigorous strength of body which they possess.
VI. The number of inhabitants was at one period,
particularly as regards whites, very numerous. In
1673, there were in the island 496 men able to bear
arms, and 352 negroes; in 1707, whites 1,416, negroes
2.861; in 1720, W. 2,740, N. 7,321 ; in 1724, W.
4,000, militia 1,200, N. 11,500; in 1730, W. 3,677,
N. 14,663; in 1733, W. 3,881, N. 17,335; in 1787,
W. 1,912, free coloured 1,908, slaves 20,435 ; in 179H,
slaves 20,435; in 1802, by computation, W. 4,500,
free coloured 500, slaves 25,000 ; in 1805, W. 1,800,
free coloured 198, slaves 26,000.
(X
QC
O
to
o
en
o
ilk
W
Area in square miles and acres, and population of each parish in the island. [B. B. for 1836,
Colonial Office.]
m
Parishes.
Area in sq.
miles and
acres.
i
i
n
.2 "3
o n,
■OS,
Total.
Births.
i
1
to
nS
<u
Q
.2-2
o
CI
05 '^
■ St. George, Basseterre
St. Peter, Basseterre
St. Mary, Cayon
M. A.
10 24
6 606
6 326
7 125
10 166
5 19
9 544
5 70
7 212
864
106
45
65
75
68
179
167
43
4910
2807
2251
2117
1303
1623
2717
2244
1.549
5774
2915
2316
2158
1738
1691
2896
2211
1592
180
84
27
43
16
6
184
69
12
4
2
3
'>
2
3
2
2
3
This Census i
given for 1 8
Christ Church, Nicholas Town
St. John, Capisterre
St. Paul, Capisterre
St. Thomas, Middle I:;land . .
St. Aiuie, Sandy Point
Trinity, Palmeto Point
Total
68 i72
1612
21521
23291 =
= 342 to s
(luare
miles.
23
Weslcyan Methodist Missionaries, Baptisms 57, Burials 14.
Name o
wliat (
St. Georg
St. Peter,
St. Mary,
Cliristchu
St. John's
St. Paul's
St. Anne,
St. Thomt
Trinity, P
* 1
turn of gravel. This
the West Indies for
s found in consider-
lountain land, while
it of it. Among the
island there is one
and there is another
Bs, in which there is
;he N, E. there are
luce most excellent
100 acres in extent,
nds. The structure
nite, limestone, pri-
les and madrepores,
Iluviai deposits on a
sle and its elevation
lely dry and healthy;
;oast is 80, but the
ttest days are agree-
is February — tiic
• the greater part of
S. E. ; and although
lin the range of the
the air is tempered
latural result. The
than heavy, and the
ire are pourtrayed in
inhabitants and the
they possess,
s was at one period,
rery numerous. In
3fi men able to bear
vhites 1,410, negroes
7,321 ; in 1724, W.
; in 17:?0, W. 3,r>77.
N. n,3X,; in 1787,
ves 20,43.'); in 17'Jh,
putation, W. 4,500,
in 1805, W. 1,800,
00 00 OD 00 00
W lO IC lO ►-
1— 00 ii' tC -I
o
3
to <£l to to to
H- .- CO oi .ri
*> to lo o 00
►- 00 *> t" in
Males,
to o o o o
»o — — w .;-.
.^ — O — 00
li^ l<, to tC (l3
Females,
^. ^. H- .— to
to to to to o
O W Oi 00 H-
00 — 1— — o
tn O C5 ^ ao
Total,
00 00 to «-
to tn o o»
■^ 00 ^ M
Males,
Increase by Birth.
00 00 --t ■—
o 4^ ir> 00
— 00 Ol -J
Females.
^ ^ — to
O ^ 3^ W
to O O —
00 CTi O to
Total,
00 00 00 *^
o fc to lo
H- Ot to *•
Males,
Decrease by Death.
.^ '>! '<! .b
to Wi to —
to 00 to en
Females.
a> o ci 00
CO o to w
o W — to
Total,
lO to to to
Ji *k Oi t-
OO W Oi -J
5 S
ST, CHRISTOPHER,— POPULATION, RELIGION. 95
A statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Prpcdial Attached, Predial Unattached,
en and Non-pra)dial. [Parliamentary Return to the
% House of Lords, March, 1838.]
m
•V
o
■a
c
o
3
O
?1
o
3
00
p
(A
s
Classes.
'umber of
Slaves in
ach class.
onipensa-
an value o
ach class.
Total.
a
^, o
u.-<« 1
— ■of
Heart People. . . ,
660
.€19635 1
1^
I'l adcsmen . . . ,
.•17(1
11007
No. of Slaves,
Inferior ditto ,.
157
3480
y 11764.
Field Labourers
5655
125735
Amount,
B<<
Inferior ditto ,,
41)22
72963
.* 232,823.
■a ■
liicad People
.14
1011
S-S
Tradosnien
14
4I6
No. of Slaves,
Inferior ditto . .
16
357
f 837.
Field Labourers
420
9371
Amount,
0. a
Inferior ditto ..
353
5318
.616,474.
lleadTradcsmen
13!)
4135
Inferior ditto . .
S3
1985
,
Head P. employ.
"3
a
o
'A
ed on wharfs,
shipping, or
other avoca
tions
Inferior People 1
ditto J
183
84
4061
1257
No. of Slaves,
3,066.
Amount,
.460,609,
Head Donii-stics
14.57
32533
i Inferior ditto ..
Children under
six years of
age on the 1st
1114
16636
August, 18,14.
3198
17765
Aged, diseased.
or otherwise
non-effective
915
1719
I
'^%
i
i
Number of Claims having reference to each Division. —
Prsedial Attached, 216; Praedial Unattached, b9j Nou-
prcedial, R<.)7,
U, for ISSfi,
5P
^f
.2
■^ J;
-a
y
Q
J
13
184
4
r,
C'J
2
3
2
2
G
12
3
2
2
3
ire
miles.
23
VII, Return of the Number of Churches, Li
■ings, &c. of SI
. Christopher's.
Name of the Parish, and in
what County or District,
Extent
in
Square
Miles.
a. 2
° s
11
Value of
Living.
Parsonage
House.
No, of
Persons
the Church
will
contain.
No, of
Persons
generally
attending.
Dissenting
Places of
Worship.
St. George, Basseterre*
St Peter. Basseterre
10
7
6i
7i
10*
5
5
10
5774
2915
2316
215S
1738
i6gi
2411
2896
1592
j£400 Sterling,
Including Fees,
je\77 sterling,
including Fees,
.*'175 sterling,
including Fees.
^175 sterling,
including Fees.
jtl7S sterling,
including Fees.
jt'225 sterling.
jfc2IO sterling.
.*'175 sterling.
House rented.
A Parsonage
House.
Ditto.
None.
Ditto.
A Parsonage.
House rented.
800, besides
Children.
400
100
ISO
230
170
200
180, besides
Children,
150
Generally
well
attended,
80
30
fifl
70
60
170
Nearly
full,
30
A Methodist
and Moravian
Chapel,
A Methodist
Christchurch, Nicholas Town
St. John's, Capistcrre
St, Paul's, Capisterre
St. Anne, Sandy Point
St, Thomas, Mid, Island
Trinity, Palineto Pointt
and Moravian
Chapel.
A Methodist
Chapel.
Ditto.
None.
A Methodist
Chapel.
Ditto.
Ditto.
* The population Is taken from the census in I812.
t A glebe is attached to the parsonage
t A glebe is attached to the parsonage.
H
Ji
' ''■ ii i I
II i< I
or, ST. CHRISTOPHER.— EDUCATION.
VIII. Return of the number of Schools, &c. of the Established Church, at St. Christopher's, in 183(5.
Name
of Parish, and
in what
County
or District.
Public or Free School,
and
where situated.
St. George,
Basseterre.
•One in the town for
white children, discon-
tinued during this year
to be supported by
legislature.
Now attempted to be
sustained by private
subscription.
One for free children
and children of appren-
tices.
One in each of the fol-
following estates ; viz.
Salt Ponds
Shadwell, including chil-
dren from Greenland.
tPridie Mornes
Rawlines Mornes
College
Pond
Diamond, including chil-
dren from Caup, Buck-
ley's and Dewar's.
2 infant schools in town ■<
1 night school
1 Sunday school .
Number
of
Scholars.
Ml. Fm. Tot
41
U)
71
34
14
33
69 140
23
15
11
19
11
19
25
28
8G
90
24
25
14
8
17
14
12
21
38
48
95
If supported by Government
or Voluntary Contributions,
and amount of each.
Government. Volun. Cont.
4f)
48
29
19
36
25
31
46
66
134
185
Formerly by
local go-
vernment.
Money placed
at the dis-
posal of the
lord bishop,
Now by vo-
luntary con-
tributions.
Expenses
of
each School.
Mostly volun-
tary sub-
scriptions,
and from
private so-
cieties, as-
sisted by
grants from
the bishop.
50/. sterling, when
supported by the
legislature, as
many children
were boarded ;
now about Ibl.
only.
501. for master
and mistress ;
school - house
lately bought
with money from
the bishop.
Most of the teach-
ers receive from
8t. 2s. to 11/. ."i.s'.
sterling, yearly.
t The school at Pridie Mornes, is on the confines of
St. Peter's parish, in which it may be returned.
Return of the Number of Schools under the directioD of the Moravian Missionaries.
* There are three or four private schools of no great
consideration.
Name of tlio Parisli,
and in
what County or District.
St. Peter, Basseterre.
St. George, Basseterre. .
Public or Free
School,
and wliere situated.
Free, Gol<tcn Rock. .
Public, Stapleton . .
„ Woodley M.
„ Lagret's ....
„ Paylor's
„ Coleman's . .
,, Moravian ch.
Sunday school Mo-
ravian church.
Salary
of
School-
master
or
School-
mistress
21
17
17
17
17
17
17
23
Basseterre District total number of Scholars
St. Mary, Cayon
Bethesda, a free day 2Mistrs.
school. 22/. each
Sunday and evening
school.
Mathew's evening
school. {
White's ditto
Boanerian ditto —
Con. Phipps ditto ..
!.Mills ditto
Number of
Scholars.
M. Fm. Tot
24
ib
18
12
59
110
239
51
Total number of Scholars .
St. John's, Capisterre
Free school, Bethel |
Day, evening, and
Sunday schools.
16 12
38
\S
16
12
82
19U
351
62
62
28
29
34
24
18
141
300
636
62
75
113
456
4
30
20
26
12
Mode of
Instruction.
Infant school
system,
including the
catechetical
and
explanatory
method.
Lancasterian,
If supported by Go-
vernment or Volun-
tary Contributions,
and Amount of each.
Gov. Voluntary.
Expense of
each
School.
■04
137
Infant school
system,
including the
catechetical.
By the owner,
Mr.CIaxton.
.*28.
An allowance
of provi
sions for the
teachers in
the different
estates.
.*'
3U
20
20
20
20
20
46 I
25
201 15
16 12
je\8
45
15
1
1
1
1
64 15
34 12
Day school,
^^24.
Evn. school,
Jtf« I2.V.
ST. CHRISTOPHER —EDUCATION, CRIME AND GAOL.
97
Dpher's, in 1836.
Expenses
of
each School.
aol. sterling, when
supported by the
legislature, as
many children
were boarded ;
now about 75/.
only.
501. for master
and mistress ;
school - house
lately bought
with money from
the bishop.
Most of the teach-
ers receive from
8/. 2s. to 11/. .'S.'i.
sterling, yearly.
is on the confines of
ly be returned.
by Go-
Volun-
iiitions,
I of each.
hntary.
Expense of
each
School.
owner,
ao
:!laxton.
20
20
owance
20
provi-
20
1 for the
20
lers in
46
15
iflferent
25
es.
201
15
45
15 15
1
1
1
1
64 15
34 12
Day school,
Evn. school,
jfcIO 12s.
Remarks on the preceding Table by the Moravian
Missionaries. — St. Peter and St. George's Basseterre,
On account of the severe aftlictions, and the loss of
two valuable ministers, which our mission in St. Kitts
has sustained in the past year, we are sorry to remark,
that tiie schools in the Basseterre district are, at pre-
sent, not in that order which formerly was maintained,
only one minister having been here for nine months,
which never has been the case before.
St. Mary, Cayon. — It is to be remembered, con-
cerning defraying the expenses of these schools, that
the negroes themselves pay a small part. Some as-
sistance is afforded by the several estates on which
schools are established, and the rest ia made up from
the mission fund.
St. John's, Cnpisterre. — On account of the poor
state of the parents here, we have no support from
them for being able to keep private schools. — ^There is
also one private night school.
Return of the Number of Schools under the Wesleyan Methodists.
Public or Free
School,
and where
° 3
es r
-s 8
2
o
JS
o
Number
of
Scholars.
Mode
of
Instruction.
Expenses
of each
School.
Sabbath
Scholars.
situated.
Ml. Fm.
Tot.
Ml.
Fm. Tot.
£.
.?.
1
£. s.
1
Basseterre
i;i
40 i 58
98
Something en the infant
13
39
139 ! 178
system.
Cavon
7
16
15
21
36
Ditto.
7 16
Greatheeds
7
16
20
26
46
Ditto.
29 11
Old Road .
7
16
23
28
51
Ditto.
7 16
76
138
214
Palmetto Point
7
16
23
22
45
Ditto.
7 16
48
91
141
Half-way Tree .
45
35
80
Sandy Point .
10
8
48
94
142
Ditto.
10 8
124
235
3.59
Dieppe Bay .
10
8
59
57
116
Ditto.
10 8
24
36
60
S. John's Capisterre.
10
8
49
41
90
Ditto.
10 8
Total sterl.
7.'>
8
277
347
624
97 3
356
674
1,032
Respecting the expenses of the schools : the cha-
pels being used as school-houses, generally through-
out the island, and school- books, cards, scriptures,
&c. being furnished in various ways gratuitously, the
expense cannot be ascertained, and is not entered ;
6/. 14s. sterl., has been collected in the ditferent cha-
pels; the remainder is received from England, chiefly
through the Wesleyan Missionary Committee, and all
raised by voluntary subscription. There are several
small evening schools, where the young people espe-
cially, are instructed in reading and writing, and a
knowledge of the first principles of religion by cate-
chizing. And on all estates visited by the missiona-
ries, amounting to between 40 and 50, efforts are
made to teach the young apprentices the rudiments of
religious knowledge.
IX. Number of Prisoners in the Goal of St. Christopher throughout each year. [B. B.]
Total number ^, e r\ u,. No. of Misde- ,. , „ ,
„( r,„;, No. of Debtors. _ No. of Felons.
of Prisoners. meanours.
No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
>"
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl. Male
Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm.lTotl.
1
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
01
1828 52
7
59
..
.. 10
5 1 15
41
1
42
34
1
35
7
7 Nil.
1829 17
••
17
1
1 6
.. I 6
9
, ,
9
17
, ,
17
, ,
.. Nil.
18.13 159
30
189
6
1
7 143
28 ;17l
10
1
U
20
5
25
139
25
164
Nil.
1834 508
90
598
8
2
10 467
85 552
31
5 36
104
35
139
404
55
459
1
1836
326
118
444
26
4
30 ,274
1
114 388
26
••
26
296
114
410
4
••
4
Nil.
X. There is a Lieutenant-Governor, Council of 10,.
and House of Assembly (24 members), at St. Kitt's,
with a deputy from Anguilla. Education and religion
are generously encouraged, and the colonists have
ever manifested a great deal of public spirit.
XI. The revenue of the island is derived from cus-
tom duties, licenses, &c. as in our other possessions.
98
ST. CHRISTOPHER.— COMMERCE, SHIPPING, MONETARY SYSTEM.
lil
m
i^.
Years.
Revenue.
Expenditure.
£.
£.
1823
7,158
7,1.58
1824 .
12,031
9.420
182.5
9,072
6,179
182r) .
5,413
5,C2f)
1827
3,840
5,333
1828 .
4,873
5,873
1829
8,74f)
6,897
1830 .
G,937
4,933
1832
13,r,28*
4,613
1833 .
2,879
3,913
1834
3,638
5,968
1835 .
6,'2M
5,146
183G
4,193
4,372
* The only observation made on the enormous in-
crease of revenue during this year is — The " Collector
can explain,"
ErpendUure by Great Britain. — Civil establish-
ment, 1,970/.; Ecclesiastical establishment, 136/. —
total, 2,106/.
E.rpmiliture paid by the Colony in Sterling 'Money
— Civil establishment, 2,564/. ; Contingent expendi
turc, 576/. ; .ludicial establishment, 438/. ; Contiii
gent expenditure, 1,554 : Ecclesiastica! establishment
2,161/.; Contingent expenditure, 134/.: Pensions
150/. : Total, 7,577/. The salary of the President ad
ministering the government is 650/,, and al)out 152/
in fees. There is no militia on the island.
XII. Sugar is now the principal product of St
Kitts, and the amount of the crop varies of course
with the seasons. In 1805 it exported 8,000 hogs
heads of sugar ; in 1799, 9,900 hogsheads of sugar.
IMPORTS AND EXPORT.S OF ST. KITT'S.
Great Britain.
West
North America.
United States.
Foreign States,
Total.
Years.
Val. £
Val.£
No. Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. £ No. Tons,
Val,£
No, Tons.
Val. ^
No.
Tons.
Men.
1824
27 1 .'■>n79
5382
3617
9; 708
10304 15 ' 1766
8r"8
62 ; 2083
28061
• 13
10536
761
182S
66984
20
5;.-.9 , 3;of)
141.1
95 238(1
21700 20 2503
3604
6U 1 1421
94737
195
12013 1173
1828
2602
27
6882 i 30071
7490
245: 9931
, ,
, .
40395
320 ! 9H31
80558
59'J
211617, 283.-,
1829
1(101
28
7400
17329
4876
211 10798
, ,
. .
35413
317 10954
59520
556
29152; 2810
1830
2291
18
44-)3
12218
6326
240 11154
2(1700
166 I 5344
4 1 537
424
20951
2264
1883
2264
17
4737
13437
11825
153 6654
0026! 24 3523
7913
74 1737
44497
268
17671
1375
18.34
1621 17
4656
24879 13974
158 7826i I4267I 23 . 3001
6887
76 : 1841
63018
274
16964
1387
183.'i
17.'i34
18
4,186
15222 14770
209 3003
23002| 24 3162
6275
88 ' 1733
76HO5
339
18384
166;
1836
89/43
15
4253
25121
14402
204
8310
17106
15 1995
8361
<■ 974
155034
298
15532
1584
From Elsewhere 1833, 1388/. No returns for 1831 , r i832.
IMPORTS OF ST. KITT'S.
1824
1825
1828
1829
1830
1833
ln:!4
1835
1836
1142623
24
6702
3473 2291
16
914
9375
21
2562
4162
59
1750 i
102642
17
4368
3238 1228
101
1711
5850
20
2374
4748
48
1176
112108
24
6213
8323 2674
293
11067
, .
5173
279
8741
127568
26
6590
111081 7262
234
12108
, ^
3621
262
8983
171079
26
7161
173221 7931
284
12498
, .
2395
221
6774
: 820i;
15
4265
7621 7067
159
6595
7783
24
3,. 5 5
778
69
"(115
128721
21
5S44
12100 7756
171
7023
6745
19
2575
689
63
IS62
102967
19
5(196
17840 7201
2:13 9495
4716
20
2675
774
81
2340
131195
16
4226
10495 6067
206
7097
5123
17
1809
740
tib
1923
161934
117706
128278
149560
198728
105267
156(113
133560
1 5362 1
120
186
596'
5221
531!
267
274
353
307
11928 {
12629
26021
2768 1
26433
16510
1 7304
19606
15055
fiOo
!057
2!il8
28;. 3
27O8
14U5
13R3
1745
1998
Principal Exports from St. Christophers : —
Years.
Sugar.
Rum.
Molasses.
hds.
pun.
pun.
1822
6991
509
160
1823
6006
421
1314
1824
6197
1502
3286
1825
G670
1031
2893
1826
8987
1735
2369
1827
7514
1271
2186
1828
No return
1829
8801
2359
1763
1830
8781
2882
1250
1831
18S2
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
No returns for 1831 and 1832.
Pieces I dollar
XIII. The coins of the island are principally English,
with some Spanisli ; and there is also a colonial coin
sent from England, consisting of the following pieces : —
F —
l-16th
Currency 2s. 3(/. Sterling 1*. \^d.
— Is. 1^(/. — (y\d.
— 6^(/. — ;i;i,/.
The cojiper coin used, (besides the English penny,)
is the dog, which passes for three farthings sterling',
72 making the Spanish dollar; the bitt is a noiiii(.iil
coin, value '^^d. sterling. The coin in circulation is
about 12,000/. There is no paper money. The course
of exchange is 200/. currency = 100/. British.
XIV. The Staple Products are similar to those of
the neighbouring isles already described. Among its
numerous fruits, the citrm aurantium, or China
orange-tree (as also the Seville) grows in great luxu-
riance; it rises from 12 to 20 feet in height, distin-
guished by the beautiful deep green of its foliiige;
stem upright and ramifying in every direction, form-
ing a regular and beautiful head. The fruit is excel-
lent, and may be improved by grafting on the Seville
orange stock, but the best is to be obtained by graft-
ing on the pomegranate. The flowers are highly odo-
riferous, and yield their flavour to rectified spirits by
infusion, and to both spirit and water by distillation.
The citrus ucnis, or lime tree, as also the citrus or
sweet lime resembles the orange. From the latter
the perfume called burgamot is obtained, which is, in
fact, t
fruit, 1
There
but til
or citi
agrcea
of the
been
tain ^
the W
belong
same
but it
and rci
outer I
taste 1
apjiear
species
white-
is cons
ropean
the on
that w
bidden
and mi
Its jui(
cious
TEM.
in. — Civil cstablish-
stablishment, 136/. —
ly in Sterling Money.
ContinRont expendi-
lent, 4.38/. ; Contiii-
iasticnl establishment,
re, 134/. : Pensions,
y of the President ad-
;.''.n/., and about 10:3/.
the island.
icipal product of St.
crop varies of course
exported 8,000 hogs-
hogsheads of sugar.
Total.
^'
No.
ii:)
Tons.
Men.
il
lO.we
7<il
i;
m-
12013
1173
iR
SO-
2li6i;
283,-,
20
MC)
2!) 1,12
2810
i7
4-U
20!).'il
2264
17
2fiH
17«71
137,-,
8
ari
I6!)fi4
13H7
}5
aso
18384
1«()7
i4
298
15532
1584
4
120
np28
fiOu
fi
18fi
12629
!03r
H
.Iflfi
26021
2!; 18
1)
r)22i
2/681
28:3
H
5:tl'
26433
27O8
2(i7
16510
1405
;t
2-4
17304
1383
I)
3.') 3
19606
1745
1
307
15055
1598
id. sterling Is. \i,d.
|^</. — iViii.
Vid. — -.ill.
the English penny,)
3e farthings sterlincr,
the but is a noiiiii.iil
loin in circulation is
money. The course
loo/. British.
similar to those of
bcribed. Among its
\urantium, or China
'rows in great luxu-
fet in height, distin-
;recn of its foliage;
^ery direction, fonii-
The fruit is excel-
[afting on the Seville
|e obtained by gral't-
Iwers are highly odo-
|o rci-tified spirits by
;ater by distillation.
ks also the citrus or
From the latter
kitained, which is, in
TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISl.ES.— LOCALITY, HISTORY, POPULATION.
99
fact, the essential oil that resides in the rind of the
fruit, and easily extracted by expression or distillation.
There are varieties also of the lemon, citrus limon ;
hut the most elegant of this genus is citrus tuherosa,
or citron tree, the fruit of which imparts to spirits an
af^rceable ilavour. The shaddock and forbidden fruitare
of the citrus tribe. The shaddock is supposed to have
been transplanted from Guinea, in Africa, by a Cap-
tain Shaddock, whose name it still bears throughout
the West Indies. The fruit has all the appearance of
belonging to the orange species, and is divided in the
same manner, by a thin skin, into several quarters,
but it is as large as a melon, and of a most agreeable
and refreshing flavour, between sweet and acid. The
outer coat or skin is extremely thick, of a bitterish
taste and a pale yellow, or citron colour, very like, in
appearance, to the skin of a lemon. There are two
species of the shaddock ; the pulp or inside of one is
white — that of the other a beautiful pale red : the last
is considered the most wholesome. This fruit a Eu-
ropean may indulge in with safety — and it is almost
the only one in this climate, excepting the orange,
that will not injure him on his first arrival. The for-
bidden fruit is a species of the shaddock, only smaller
and more delicate, while the outer skin is less coarse.
Its juice and the flavour of the inside are quite deli-
cious in a West Indian climate. The grenadella is
another excellent fruit, contained in a soft husk,
which is produced by a large passion (lower ; the husk
is filled with a sweet and most agreeable liquid ; and
the manner of eating it is to cut off one of the ends,
and mix up in it Madeira wine and sugar, stirring it
all up together; this renders it safe and wholesome
for the stomach. It is of the size of a small melon.
The laurus perscii, or avocato, vulgarly called alligator
pear, comes to fine perfection here ; it is a pulpy
fruit, resembling in appearance a large-sized swan's
egg ; the pulp, or vegetable marrow as it is called, is
enclosed in a light green papyraceous skin, and con-
tains a large irregularly-formed seed, that is immedi-
ately surrounded by brownish membraneous coverings.
Prices of Produce and Merchandize. [1830. B. B.]
Horned Cattle, 9/. each ; Horses, 2.'i/. ; Sheep, 13* 6rf.;
Goats, 18s.; Swine, 18.?.; Milk, 4rf. per quart ; Fresh
Butter, 2s. 3(/ per lb.; Salt Butter, Is. 6rf. per lb. ;
Cheese, Is. I id. per lb ; Wheaten Bread, 4Ji/. per lb.;
Beef, 'Jd. per lb. ; Mutton, 9'/. jierlb. ; Pork, Gid. per
lb. ; Rice, 1/. 7s. per 100 lbs. ; Collee, 1.*. \id. per lb.;
Tea, 9s. per lb. ; Sugar, 4(/. per lb. ; Salt, 2s. 3(/. per
bri. ; Wine, 21. .')S. per dozen ; Brandy, 9s. per gallon ;
Beer, 13s. i'td. per dozen ; Tobacco, 9i/. per lb. ;
lV(is;es for Labour. — Domestic, 18s. per month;
Pra;dial, 1/. Gi/. per month; Trades, 2/. 14s. per
month.
CHAPTER XIII.— TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISLES.
Section I. — The Virgin Isles were discovered by I
Columbus in 1493, and so named by him in honour
of the 1 1,000 virgins of the Roman ritual. Except-
ing Anegada, they are a cluster of lofty islets and
rocks, to the No. of 50, to the N. W. of the Leeward
Islands, extending about 24 leagues E. and W, and
If. N. and S. Tortola, the capital is in 18.20 N.
Lat., and 64.39 W. Long.
II. The Virgin Isles are divided between the Eng-
lish, Danes and Spaniards ; the Eastern division be-
longs to the former, and the islands in our posaession
are named Tortola, Virgin Gorda, or Penniston. ''some-
times corrupted into Spanishtown,) Jos van Dykes,
Guana isle, Beef and Thatch islands, Anegada, Nichar,
Prickly Pear, Camanas, Ginger, Cooper's, Salt, St.
Peter and several other smaller islands.
The earliest occupant of the British Virgin Isles,
were a party of Dutch Buccaneers in 1648 at Tortola.
A stronger party of English Buccaneers expelled the
Dutch in 1666, and took possession of the Dutch fort
in the name of England, and shortly after Charles II.
annexed them to the leeward islands Government, in
a commission, granted to Sir William Stapleton.
III. Throughout the Virgin Isles a scries of pre-
cipitous and rugged mountains and rocks run E. and
W. The shores are indented with bays, harbours,
and creeks, affording shelter for a large extent of
shipping. Large tracts of waste land, with pasturage
accessible by mountain tracks, occupy the interior,
and are therefore of difficult access.
The chief town, Tortola, is situate on the S. side of
the island, close to the water's edge, in the western
bight of a magnificent harbour or basin, and forming
one long street, curving at the base of a projecting
point of land. In front of the town and harbour is a
chain of small islands, extending far to the southward,
and forming the passage called Sir Francis Dra^
Channel. The harbour of Tortola, extending th^-s in
length 15 miles, and in breadth 3^, perfectly land-
locked, has been seen in war time affording shelter to
\ 400 vessels waiting for convoy.
I IV. The population in 1720 was, of whites, 1122 ;
I negroes, 1509. In 1787, whites, 1200; free negroes,
I 180; slaves, 9000. In 1805, whites, 1300; free
j coloured, 220 ; slaves, 9000.
The slave inhabitants were, from 1818 to 1828.
Males.
Females.
1
Increase by Birth.
Decrease by Death.
a
>-
Males.
Females
1
Males.
s
1
S
3
1818 ..
3231
3668
6899
1822 ..
2975
3485
6460
266
239
505
371
347
718
86
1825 ..
2505
2931
5436
237
231
468
168
137
305
83
1828 ..
2510
2889
5399
238
221
459
157
125
282
90
V^
1'^!: )
:ilf lii
n
oa
100 TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISLES.— RELIGION, EDUCATION, GAOLS, &c.
Population in 1835 of Tortola and Virgin Isles. —
[B. B.] Free, Males, lC7fe; Females, 1'JC2. Ap-
prenticed, Males, 1944; Females, 2207. Total, Males,
3622; Females, J109. Births, 123; Marriages, 57 ;
Deaths, 07.
A statement of the numher of Slaves for whom
Compensation has heen claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Pr.Tdial-attached, Prajdial-unattached,
and Non-Pracdial, [Parliamentarylleturnto the House ©
of Lords, March, 1838.] -g,
3
O
Classes.
■a.S
'•3
«
c
o
S5
No. of
slaves in
each class.
Compensa-
tion valueoi
each class.
iV
£ 3167
84
2358
as
1347
1410
26613
1097
14492
25
578
9
252
5
99
326
5921
2.15
3382
14
369 ■
23
455
92
2127
35
578
324
5330
414
4102
749
2460
68
Nil.
Total.
No. of Slaves,
2796.
Amount
^^46979.
No. of Slaves,
620.
Amount
£10233.
No
of Slaves,
902.
Amount
£12963.
Heart People
Tradesmen . .
Inferior ditto
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto .
Head People. . .
Tradesmen . . .
Inferior ditto .
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto
Head Tradesmen
Inferior ditto
Head P. employ-
ed on wharfs,
I stiippin^, or
I otiier avoca-
tions . . .
I Inf. People ditto
I Head Domestic
! Servants
! Infr. romestics
i
Children under
six years ot
ag:c on the 1st
Autjust, 1834.
.4ged, diseased,
or otherwise
non -eifective
Number of claims haviner reference to each division.
Preedial attached, 58 ; Preedial unattached, y3 : Non-
priedial, 231.
V. Churches, Livings, ^~r. of Tortola and Firgin Isles.
— ^There is one Church in the parish of St. George,
(comprisiiig ii:e Virgin Islands). The value of the
Living is 250/. sterling. The Church will contain
about 200 persons ; 40 of whom generally attend.
There is no Chapel connected with the establish-
ment, but divine service is performed by the rector, in
the gaol on the Sabbath morning, and at King's Town
in the evening ; and since February, 1836, at which
time a catechist was appointed for Spanish Town,
Divine service is performed there twice on the Snbbath
day in the school room.
There are also three Methodists Chapels in the
island of Tortola. [B. B.]
VI. Schools, 8fc. 1836. — In the parish of St. George,
(comprising the Virgin Islands,) there are two free
schools, containing 95 scholars, viz., 60 males and 35
females. The master receives 30Z. sterling, which is
paid by the Society for promoting the Gospel in
foreign parts. One school is at King's Town, which
is supported by Government, to which is attached an
Infant School, containing 52 scholars — also one free
school at Spanish Town containing 65 scholars. [B.B.]
s
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VIII. Up to 1773 the government of these islands was
entrusted to a Deputy-Governor, with a Council, who
exercised in a summary manner both the legislative
and executive authority ; but, in the latter year, a
local legislature, similar to that of the other islands,
was conferred on them, with courts of justice, in con-
sideration of the inhabitants voluntarily (!) offering to
pay an annual impost of 4^ per cent, to the crown
upon all the natural productions of the islands. They
are now under the Government of St. Kitts, but
possessing in Tortola a Council and Assembly of their
own.
Return of Militia in 1836. — Infantry. — 1 Colonel;
1 Lieut. Colonel ; 4 Captains ; 6 Lieutenants ; 4 En-
signs ; 1 Adjutant ; 1 Surgeon ; 1 Judge Advocate ;
1 Provost Marshal ; 32 Non-Commissioned Officers;
300 Privates. Cavalry. — 1 Captain ; 1 Lieut. ; 1 Cor-
net ; 4 Non- commissioned Offices, and 17 Privates,
composing a company of Horse. [B. B.]
IX. Revenue, 1836. — Amount received for liquor,
sugar, bread, hawker's licences, &c. 120/. — Duty on ex-
portation of cattle, horses, and sheep, 20/. — Amount
received for stamp duty, 113/. — Amount of duties re-
ceived from collector of Her Majesty's customs, S24/.
fee.
TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISLES.— GOVKRNMENT, FINANCE, COMMERCE, &c.
101
Oi
ot
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US
CO
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00
^H
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n
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D
pf these islands was
Ith a Council, who
kh the legislative
|.he latter year, a
the other islands,
)f justice, in con-
Irily (!) offering to
Int. to the crown
Ihe islands. They
^f St. Kitts, but
Lssembly of their
kry — I Colonel ;
lutenants; 4 En-
fudge Advocate ;
tsioned Officers;
|l Lieut. ; 1 Cor-
pd 17 Privates,
B.]
Jived for liquor,
'Jl. — Duty on ex-
|i, 20/. — Amount
ant of duties re-
customs, 824/.
—Received for auctioneer's licenses, and duties on
sales, 22/. — Received from magistrates as fines and
penalties, 20/. — Received for duty on importation of
Hour, 9l. — Received by sale of pews in churches, A'M.
—Received for warrants, W. — Received for duty on
sale of sugar, spirituous liquors, malt liquors, &c.,
122/. — This sum received, being assessed taxes under
General Tax Bills, fi83/ — This sum received, being
poll tax on apprenticed labourers and saddle horsos,
819/.— Nett Revenue, 279^/. [B. B.]
In 1827, nett revenue, 790/. — 1828, 698/. — 18.35,
Ejrpenditure of 18.10. — By this sum paid amount of
arrears, 16.')9/. — Paid treasurer 10 months salary at
liOO/. per annum, 167/. — Paid rent of officer's quarters
gy/. — Paid various contingencies, 136/. — Provost
Marshal, 6 month's salary, at 100/. sterling per annum,
50/. — Paid keeper of the gaol 6 months salary, at
(')2/, 10*, sterling, per annum, 31/. — Turnkey, 6 months
salary at 50/. sterling per annum, 25/. — Matron of
prison, 6 month's salary, 5/. — Surgeon to prison.
6 months salary, at 37/. 10*. per annum, 19/. — Trea-
surer for the salary, 12/. — Contractors for furnishing
bread, meat, &c. for prisoners in gaol, 66/. — Paid con-
tractors for building wall round gaol, 197/. — Further
contingencies, 52/. — Balance, 289/. — Amount ex-
pended, 2796/. [B. B.]
Amount expended in 1827, 1126/. — 1828, 1225/. —
1835, 508/.
Commissariat Department. — Provisions and Forage
received from England, 507/. ; purchased in the
Command, 648/.; total, 115:'/. Fuel and Light,
received from England, 12/.; purchased in the Com-
mand, 92/.; total, 104/.
Miscellaneous I'urcliases, 41.; transport, 163/. ; Pay of
extra Staff, 52/. ; Military Allowance, 203/. ; Con-
tingencies, 47/. ; Ordinaries, 1 182/. ; Pay of Commis-
sariat Officers, 206/. ; Total. 3 1 76/.
Deduct lie-payments. — Ration Stoppages, 10/. I3.t.
.5(/. ; Sale by the Commissariat, 1/. ll*. ; Total, 12/.
Net charge, 3164/. (B.B. for 1835.)
X. IMPORTS, EXPORTS, AND SHIPPING OF TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISLES.
5
Years.
Great Britain. West Indies.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. £•
No.
Tons.
Val. .:«'
No.
Tons.
Men.
1823
1824
1825
1833
1834
183,1
1836
1837
5917
4000
1200
33
1641
7484
3070
6
6
3
3
4
3
5
1265
1521
688
733
(142
638
734
32-0
8754
44
342
55
1293
2051
21
12
22
17
6
7
34
559
882
619
732
352
475
839
2796
780
1032
2
2
3
..
2
290
205
427
57
4548
1794
2806
5844
2441
6699
8216
58
35
57
145
127
135
328
879
1047
952
2092
2339
1813
2822
13745
15328
5080
6219
4138
1.5976
13337
87
55
85
165
137
147
367
2993
4655
2666
3557
3633 •
2983
4395
745
334
418
620
539
507
1051
EXPORTS OF TORTOLA AND VIRGIN ISLES.
1823
1824
1825
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
45358
5
1096
4520
5
164
18137
6
1521
405
Id
1324
10185
4
943
616
13
284
28369
5
1258
120
14
528
34678
1445
62
9
119
19905
4
922
12U
6
195
21180
5
1022
50
17
430
420
1
105
353
2
205
81
2
329
884
14
245
51182
25
1610
543
33
1059
19438
59
4109
899
62
1111
20781
81
2667
2736
121
1872
31226
140
3658
3269
109
1815
38009
124
3379
865
117
1611
20890
127
2728
1880
232
2163
23110
274
3615
132
363
315
555
493
448
711
The principal articles of Export in 1828 were, snpar, 959 hogsheads ; rum, 4 puncheons j molasses, 20 punc'.icons ;
cotton, 980 bales ; employing a shipping inwards of 3,632 tons, and outwards of 3,184 tons, in war time these islands
afford a valuable retreat for shipping.
XI. The Virgin Isles are celebrated for a great variety
offish, viz., rock iish, groopers, barracoutas, hogg and
jar fish, bonetas, albacore, congo eels, bone fish or 10
pounders, colonels, whippers, snappers, pangies, old
wives, angel fish, rock leveromous, mango, swapers,
silver fish, diamond, gold laces, bass fish, turtle,
hedge hogs, rainbow, grunts, margarets, grass fish, &c.
Fish is generally sold at 3d. sterling per lb., but the
value principally depends on the quantity and quality
in the market. [B. B. for 1835.]
In Spanish Town there are between 30 and 40 mines
which have been opened, some of which are at pre-
sent filled up ; the mines appear principally to be
copper, and black lead, some gold and copper have
many years back been taken out, the ore of some
appear to be copper ; they arc principally situated on
the East part of the valley, at a place called Red Point.
None have ever been disturbed for upwards of 80
years, except occassionally by a few persons, who may
go there through curiosity to see them, and take a
little of the ore. The lead is of a superior quality.
There is an arsenic mine at Collins Hill. The silver
mine has been worked until it was stopped by govern-
ment. Upon the top of Red Point Hill, there are a
quantity of quartz. There have been a quantity of
chrystals taken out of this mine. There is no person
alive at this day, who is able to state the quantity of
gold and silver taken out of the mines. [B. B.
1835.]
Prices of Produce and Merchandise in 1836. —
Horned cattle, 6/. each; horses, 10/. ; sheep, 1/. 4*'.
goats, iOs.; swine, I/.; milk, Irf. per pint; fresh
butter, 1«. per lb.; salt butter, 24-. per lb.; cheese.
Is. 6(/. per lb. ; wheaten bread, 4d. per lb. ; beef, 6d.
per lb. ; mutton, 7i(/. per lb. ; pork, 6d. per lb. ; rice,
4^rf. per lb. ; coffee. Is. per lb. ; tea, 8s. 3d. per lb. ;
sugar, 9rf. per lb.; salt. Id. per lb.; wine, 21. 10s.
per dozen; brandy, 8s. 3cf. per gallon; beer, 12s. per
dozen ; tobacco, 1.?. 9d. per lb.
Wages for Labour. — Domestic, 12/. 10s. per annum ;
Till
lOJ
prwdial, for extra labour, Is. per day ; trades, 2». per
day. [B. B-l
Coin in circulation, about 1,000/. No paper money.
Area of tbe several Virgin isles in acres — Anegada
31,200; Tortola 13,.300; Spanish Town <»,.'')00 ; Jos
Van Dykes ;<,:iOO ; IVter's Island l.H'JO; Beef Island
l,5f')0 ; Gunnn Island 1,120 ; and 40 other isles, with
areas varying 900 down to tive acres each, comprising
in the whole 5K,6"4!) acres ; of which there were in
1823 under sugar cane* 3,000 acres; cotton grounds
ANGUILLA.— LOCAIJTY, HISTOKY, &c.
1,000; provisions 2,000; pasture land 33,,')00 ; forest
or brushwood land 1 1 ,410 ; and of barren land but
7.2.'')7 acres. The ([uantity of stock on the island is
given at horses 210; mules and assrs .')29 ; horned
cattle 'i.rt'Jl ; sheep 1 1,442 ; goats 3,225 ; pigs l.Hyr,;
poultry 44,or)0 ; and of fish caught within the year
l.j,H;i7,371 lbs,; and yielding iiltiigether an annuid
production of |)roperty to the extent of 100,000/. ster-
ling ; and with n tiital aggregate of moveable and im-
moveable property of nearly one million sterling.
CHAPTER XIV.— ANGUILLA.
Section I. Anguilla, or Snake Island (so called ;
from its tortuous or eel-like form), is situated between
IH" N. latitude and M" \V. longitude, 4.") miles to the
N.W. of St. Kitts, and separated from St. Martin's
by a narrow channel. The island is in length about 30 :
miles, and in breadth scarcely more than three miles. ;
II. In KJ.'iO, it was discovered and colonized by the I
English, in whose possession it has ever since re- -
mained, subject, however, to transient incursions from
the French and from pirates, and to a brutal attack
and pillage from the marauders under Victor llugues,
in 1796; in every instance, however, the islanders
have displayed a noble spirit of independence and
bravery. In 174.5, the colonists, although then onlv
about 100 strong, repulsed a body of 1,000 French
who came to attack them, and obliged them to retire
■with the loss of I.IO men. In 179(i, the latter retali-
ated in a manner worthy of the atrocities of the revo-
lution. Two ships of war were sent with 400 picked
troops, by Victor Hugues, of " red-hot memory,"
with directions to burn every settlement, and exter-
minate the whole of the inhabitants (British) in the
island. These emissaries set about their work in
good earnest, and committed the most barbarous
atrocities on the defenceless inhabitants, but were
happily interrupted by the arrival of Captain Barton,
in the Lapwing man-of-war, who brought the French
ships to action, sinking the one and taking the other.
III. Anguilla is flat, without mountains or rivers,
and with a deep chalky soil. It presents a very sin-
gular appearance for a West Indian island. A little
wall of cliff of some 40 feet in height generally rises
from the beach, and, when you have mounted this.
the whole country lies before you, gently sloping in-
wards in a concave form, and sliding away, as it were,
to the south, where the island is only just above tlu'
level of the sea. The Flat island and St. Martin's
terminate tbe view in this direction. Nine-tenths uf
the country are entirely uncultivated ; in some parts
a few coppices, but more commonly a pretty species
of myrtle (called by the negroes, maiden berry) seems
to cover the vholc soil ; the roads are level grassy
tracks, over which it is most delightful to ride, and
the houses and huts of the inhabitants ane scattered
about in so picturestjue a manner, as to bear a great
resemblance to many scenes in Kent and Devonshire.
Indeed there are scarcely any of the usual features of
West Indian landscape visible ; neither of those pro-
minent ones, the lively windmill or the columnui-
palm, are to be seen, and there is a rusticity, a jias-
toral character on the face of the land, its roads, and
its vegetation, which is the exact antipode of large
plantations of sugar. In the centre of the island is a
salt lake, yielding annually 3,000,000 bushels, a great
part of which was wont to be exported to America.
Tbe soil yields freely sugar, cotton, maize, and iirovi-
sions, and many cattle arc reared. The climate is
extremely healthy ; and the people (amounting, in
1819, to, whites, 300; coloured, 320; and slaves,
2,451) strong and active. At one time the island was
more densely peopled. In 1673 it had 500 men ca-
pable of bearing arms ; in 1724 there were 3G0 whites
and 900 negroes. The colonists have a chief, or head
magistrate, who is confirmed in his oBice by the Go-
vernment of Antigua, and a Deputy is sent to the St.
Kitt's Assembly.
CHAPTER XV.— THE BAHAMAS.
Section I. This singular group of isles, reefs, and
quays, termed the Lucayos, from the Spanish words
los rayos (Anglice, the keys) , or Bahamas, extend in a
crescent like form ; from the Matanilla reef in 27.50.
N. latitude and 79.5. W. longitude ; to Turk's Island
in 21.23. N. latitude and 71.5. W. longitude, a dis-
tance of about 600 miles, not including various sand
banks and coral reefs, stretching to a great extent
eastwards.
II. One of the Bahama isles, St. Salvador (Guana-
hani) , is celebrated as being the first land discovered
by the immortal navigator, on the 12th of October,
1492, when he made this advanced post of a new
world. The Bahamas were then densely peopled by
the Indian race, who were soon shipped off to work
in the mines of Peru and Mexico, when the Spaniards
began their search for gold. In 1629, New Providence
was colonized by English (the natives were then to-
and :n,MO ; forest
)f biirren land hut
:k on till' island is
issi's ^f'20 ; horru'd
:i,2:i5; pigs I.H^f);
lit within the ye«r
ogother an uniniul
It of 100,000/. stcr-
' moveable and ini-
lillioii sterling.
I, gently sloping in-
ng awny, as it wcri',
only just ahove llu'
id and St. Martin's
)n. Nine-tenths uf
ited ; in some parts
nly a pretty species
laiden berry) seems
Is are level grassy
ightful to ride, and
jitants ane scattered
r, as to hear a great
jnt and Devonshire,
he usual features of
icither of those pro-
1 or the columnai-
s a rusticity, a pas-
I land, its roads, and
t antipode of large
re of the island is ii
300 bushels, a grcut
ported to America.
maize, and [Jiovi-
The climate is
pie (amounting, in
.'{20 ; and slaves,
me the island was
had 500 men ca-
re were 3C0 whites
ve a chief, or head
oBice by the Gu-
is sent to the St.
Salvador (Guanu-
'st land discovered
12th of October,
ed post of a new
ensely peopled by
ipped off to work
hen the Spaniards
», New Providence
iren were then to-
THE BAHAMAS.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION, GF.OGRAPHY.
io:<
tally extinct), who remained there till Mi 11, when the
Spaniards drove them from the islands, murdered the
(liivernor, and committed niony acts of cruelty. In
Ui(')(i, the Kiiglish again colonized in the Hahamos,
and New Providence remained in their hands till 170li,
when the French and Spaniards again expelled them,
niid destroyed their pldututiiMis. The I'uhamas now
l)ecame a rendezvous for pirates, whose proceedings,
so hurtful to commerce, were only tinally suppressed
by Capt. VVoodes Rogers, of the Hritish navy, who
WHS established as Governor, and soon reduced the
outlaws to obedience. After this some of the other
islands became inhabited, and remained quietly in
our possession .intil the American war, when, in I TV),
Commodore Hopkins, with a squadron from I'hiladel-
l)bia, attacked and plundered the settlement, and car-
ricd off the Governor. In 17H1, the Spaniards took
|)ossession of the isles, but they were restored to the
British crown by treaty in l/H.'t, having, however,
been previously captured for England by the enter-
prising Col. Devttux, of South Carolina. The Baha-
mas have ever since remained in our possession.
III. Amidst a group of several hundred islets none
are elevated ; they are evidently the work of the
coral insect, who, with all his apparent insignificance,
has created many beautiful and habitable spots for the
dwelling and culture of man. Some of the Hahamas
are inhabited, others present to the eye a few planta-
tions, the remainder are tenantless, though doubtless
suited for culture, if there were an abundant popula-
tion desirous of obtaining food, (-ienerally speaking,
the Bahamas are low and flat, indeed little elevntcd,
even in their highest points, above the level of the
sea, nevertheless, their verdant appearances render
tlicm extremely prepossessing. The ocean close to
the isles is of an unfathomable depth ; reefs of rocks,
or rather walls of cor?', bound the islands after the
manner observable in the South sea isles. It will be
sutticient to particularize a few of the principal of our
possessions in the group.
Nkw Puovidencp:, from its harbour and relative
situation with respect to the Florida channel, is con-
sidered the most important of the Bahamas, and on
it is situate Nassau, the seat of government for the
isles, and the head quarters of the naval and military
establishments. The island is about 21 miles in
length from E. to W., and seven in breadth from N.
to S., mostly flat, and covered with brushwood and
extensive lagoons ; a range of hilly rocks runs along
part of the island, at a very short distance from the
sea, in a direction E. and \V. t..'i this ridge many of
the buildings of Nassau are constructed, including the
government house, and at its extremity to the \V.
are the barracks and Fort Charlotte ; another ridge,
called the Blue Hills, runs in a direction nearly pa-
rallel with the former, and at about two and a half
miles distance.
The principal works of defence in the Tiahamas are
at Nassau, in the island of Ne.v Providence, con-
structed to protect and defend the harbour and town,
it being the seat of government of the Bahamas.
Fort Charlotte is the main work, having an attached
work on the west front, called Fort D'Arcy; it is
situated at the western extremity of a ridge of hills,
which run nearly parallel to the bay or harbour, with
the town of Nassau between. This work is built of
the natural porous stone of the islands, and of its
superstructure by that cut from the ditch ; a portion
of the height of the escarp and contrescarp being
formed by slopes given to the cuttings in the natural
rock. It is of a bad construction, with an unfinished
open ditch, with low contrescarp on the south front.
Fort D'Arcy has no ditch or contrescarp, and an
escarp is completely exposed to its base ; its area is
occupied by a 8|)linter proof magazine for .^00 barrels,
and a general store for the ordnance service. In Fort
C;barlotte are several casements, with galleries of
communicntion to thivn, cut out of the solid rock,
hut they are very damp and untit for habitation.
There is also a large powder magazine in the north
front; it is capable of maintaining near ISO guns and
three or four mortars. In case of necessity it could
only be maintained for a few days, according to the
force brought against it, since its faulty construction
would be taken advantage of by an enemy.
Fort Stanley. — The main object of this work, in
conjunc^tion with a detached stone casemated battery,
called Fort Stanley on the hill, and eastward of Fort
Charlotte and the water battery of four 24-pounder8,
on traversing platforms at the foot of the hill on the
sea shore, having its rear open, is to defend the wes-
tern entrance to the harbour ; it also commands a
part of the town, and the main western road which
runs along at the foot of the hill. It may be con-
sidered as the citadel of the garrison.
The next work of defence is Fort Fincastle, situated
on the same ridge of hills and immediately in the rear
of the town, which it comidetely commands. It is a
stone work, mounting four IH-pounders on traversing
platforms, and two short guns on platforms, of splin-
ter proof casemated, for the troops and magazine,
both of which are very small. It has no ditch, and
the escarp towards the W. is of an inconsiderable
height and exposed to its foot ; its object is to defend
the harbour and town, and to occupy, in connection
with Fort Charlotte, from which it is distant between
1,700 and 1,800 yards, the high and advantageous
ground in rear of the town. Upon these two forts
are established signal stations, by which the town and
garrison are apprized of the approach of vessels of
every description.
Commanding the eastern entrance to the bay or
harbour of Nassau is Fort Montague, situated on a
point of land about two miles eastward of the town,
it is a low ipiadrangular stone work of old construc-
tion, without a ditch, mounting four heavy guns on
traversing platforms, at the angles ; having a small
building in the area for troops, and another over the
entrance as a magazine.
On Potter's Key, a small island in the harbour, was
formerly erected a two-gun battery, closed in the rear
by a double block house ; the latter i.as fallen into
a ruinous and quite irreparable state, and the battery
is not kept up. The intention of this work was to
rake any vessel, on passing Fort Montague, and by a
musketry fire prevent boats passing upward on either
side of the island. There are now the remains of a
block house on Hog Island, opposite to the town, long
since disused and now uninhabitable. At the water's
edjre stands *.he old Fort Nassau, in the town ; it is a
dismantled square fort, having regular sides, with
bastions connected by curtains, formerly was the only
defence in the place, and gave shelter to the garrison.
It has for many years past been in a ruinous and con-
demned state ; there has been a project to take it
down, and on its site to build iron barracks ; but it
would be more desirable to remove the materials, and
employ them in carrying out an embankment, and
forming a wharf or quay, which would open Hem-
ing's S(|uare to the influence of the sea breezes. There
are barracks enough for the garrison required, at head
quarters ; and it will become essentially necessary to
#
THE HAHAMAS.— GICOl.OOY. MlNF.IlAI.OdY, AND SOIL.
i< i<;
104
form post* for tlie protntioii of thr inlinbitarits aii<l
their property in the out isintiil si-ttlemcnfn, wht'rc at
present f hey are exposed to depredations from pirates,
slaves, and adventurers. fIJ. U. for iH^fi.]
Hot) Im.ANn is little more than r reef of rocks,
which forms part of the N. horhour of New Provi-
dence. UosE Island, to the N. point, and K. of New
Providence, is about nine miles lonR and a quarter
brond. It affords protection to " C'ochriiiie's An-
chorage." IIakmoiir Island is flvc miles long and
two broad, lat. li.").29 N. long. ICi.lU W., very healthy,
and a favourite resort for convalescents. Ti'kk's
Isi.ANo, lat. 21 .12 N., long. 71.0.'') W., principal mart,
for salt-making, peculiarly healthy, and a point of
military importance in regard to St. Domingo, Noinii
ANo South Himinis, These isles arc about seven
miles long, in lat. 2.'i.4() N. long., 7'.».1H \V., healthy,
well wooded and watered, capacious anchorage, and
in the event of a war, highly important for the pro-
tection of the trade of the gulf of Florida, to the K.
of which they are situate. The anchorage on the
gulf side can admit any class of shipping. Those
not mentioned above are in chief — Anuuos, long
(22 leagues) and irregular, to the \V. of New Pro-
vidence eight leagues. Between them a tongue of
ocean water runs in S.K. as far as lat.2l).2l, called the
Gulf of Providence: access difficult from reefs. Off
its S.E. end are the Espirito Santo Isles. The Bkrry
Islands, an irregular group. Several small harbours
formed by them, where refreshments may be had.
The S.E. of these islands are der uninated the Fro^ien
Keys, and the N. the Stirrup Keys. OH' the northern-
most of the latter there is anchorage on the bank, in
lat. 2,").4!>. The Great and I, ITTLK Isaacs. W. ^f N.,
48 miles from Little Stirrup Key, is the easternmost
of three small keys, called the Little Isaacs, and five
miles further is the westernmost key of tlic same
name : these are from .lO to (JO or 70 feet in length ;
the middle key is not so large. These keys are situated
on the western end of the Gingerbread Ground, which
extends five leagues E. by S. from the wcathernmost
rock, or Little Isaac, is about five miles wide near the
east end, and has some dangerous sharp rocks upon
it, with only seven to nine feet water. The Naranjos,
or two Orange Kevs, lie four miles within the edge
of the bank, in lat. 24. .')5, and long. 79.7. Eleuthera
extends E. nine leagues, S.E. four ditto, and S. ^ E.
twelve leagues. Guanahani, or Cat Island, N.W.
eight leagues and a half E. i S. from Powel's Point,
in Eleuthera; it thence extends south eastward l!i
leagues, having a breadth of three to seven miles.
Eleven miles S.E. from Cat Island is Conception Is-
land, of about seven miles in length, N.E. and S.W.,
and three miles in breadth. Yuma, or Long Island,
17 leagues in length from S.E. to N.W. S. byW.,
17i leagues from the S. point of Long Island, is Cayo
Verde, or Green Key. From Cayo Verde the edge of
the bank forms a great and deep bay to the N.W,, in
the S.W. part of which is Cayo de Sal, at the distance
of 10 leagues from the former. Egg Island is small,
in lat 2.5.31. There are many smaller keys and rocks
too numerous to mention.
An idea of the number and extent of the isles will
be conveyed by the following statement of the lands
in the Bahamas, from an official return dated in 1827.
AcrM
n ranted
Aorm
Vacant.
Total
Area.
33381
3I0OO
04381
3S3R0
47SOOO
A003N0
31 lA
(loiu
INOOO
'iH'JOOO
301 If)
388010
347 IS
3g(looo
1000
33071,1
loni)
43033
337000
8700^-'
sosdri
1 00000
3408(!r
I80IS
33H7fl
IS434
07300
10000
SNOIIO
SHOO
300U
BOOOO
3801 -,
OOM,-rt
411434
30III)
IS3'J(iO
aisno
fi3)0
37881
130000
18000
Oiioon
as 1000
171000
0000
10000
IflLSOi)
IHOIIII
0001111
3A73m
aosKHi
0000
lOUiiO
39S480
8431000
38304H(i
New Prnvldcncp, Hor Island,
Koic Ulo and KeyR .
Anilros UlanilK, Hlievp, (IraM
niut (Irn-n Ki'yii
llrrry l.'tlanils, HlmintH, fi Chain
1.1 Koyii
(■rami llHliiimn nnd tin Keys
Circnt anil l.lttio Abaco, and
Cliuln iif Kryx
lliirl>i>ur IhI.iiiiI . . . ,
Eloutlivrn, Knynl and Ekk !■-
IniuJM, anil Krys
St. Salvador and I.ceward Little
IbIc
VVatllnK'iand Windward Little
Isles
(ireat and Little Kxunia .
Hum Kpy
KBKircil Island and Keys . .
I.oiiK IhI.iiiiI . . . .
Croiikril and Acktin's Islands
and l.oiiK Keys
Atwood Keys . . . .
Maynicnnna and French Kcy» .
(ireat and l.lltic llenca);ue
The I'alcos 1 '■lands . .
Turk's Island . . . .
Keyual and Anguilla, J(fO. . .
Total acres .
Remaining in possession of the Crown, 2,431,000
acres in the Bahama Isles.
IV. The Bahamas are formed of calcareous rocks,
which are composed of corals, shells, madrepores, and
various marine deposits, hardened into solid masses in
the revolutions of ages. The deposits appear to have
been thrown up in regular strata, at various periods ;
and their upper surface, deeply honey-combed, hears
evident marks of having been long covered by the
waters of the ocean. No primitive formation has
been found, and the bases of the islands are evidently
coral reefs, originating with the Moluscac, which,
unpossessed of locomotive jowers, have organic
functions destined for the secretion of the lime re-
quired for their calcareous coverings. Marl is formed
on many of the out islands, and here and there strata
of argillaceous earth may be met with. Meteoric
stones have been discovered rudely sculptured with
human features by the aborigines ; but whether found
on the islands or brought thither, it is impossible to
say ; and at Turk's Island a great number of calcareous
balls have been found, all bearing an indentatioii, as
though they had been suspended to a pedicle. Their
origin or nature is equally unknown. In confirmation
of the idea that these islands have been raised from
the bottom of the ocean on pillars of coral, after the
manner of the eastern and southern hemisphere, it
may be stated many of their salt-water lakes and
ponds communicate with the ocean, as shewn by their
sea fish. Some of them are so deep as not to allow
soundings ; and the water in them rises and falls with
the tides on the coast.
V. Situated at the mouth of the gulf of Florida,
placed by geographical position without the tropics,
removed from the excessive heat of a vertical sun, and
the intense cold of a northern winter, the Bahamas
enjoy a climate mild, equable and delightful. To the
islands within the torrid zone they are nearly akin —
in the little variety of season, the natural productions
of the earth, and the manners and customs of the
people ; but the decided difference in the mean annual
temperature, and the more robust and healthy ap-
pearance of all classes of the community, gives to the
lilK HAIIAMAS.— POI'l LATION.
\0^
r*i
Bted
ACfM
Vacant.
Total
Arra
3HI
31000
04381
380
47*000
500380
tin
IflOOO
■iH'JOOO
30116
38801!)
71s
sgflooo
1000
3307 !.•>
1000
033
337000
8700a -•
80ri
lOOOflO
8408l!8
015
IH-a
)4:)4
■'I6O
10000
SHOOO
51100
:)(iiio
86000
3801 ■.
()un;(i
^11434
noflo
IJS'Jfift
1SO0
130000
18000
6110110
101500
18000
600(111
niio
78H1
351000
171000
1)000
looon
357U10
. 308881
0000
1 lOOfiO
.1480
8431000
1 3830486
nc Crown, 2,431,000
of calcareous rocks,
ells, madrepores, and
d into solid masses in
posits appear to have
I, at various periods ;
honey-combed, bears
long covered by the
liiitive formation hus
islands arc evidently
le Moluscoc, which,
wers, have organic
tioii of the lime rc-
s. Marl is formed
no and there strata
it with. Meteoric
Icly sculptured with
; but whether found
•, it is impossible to
umber of calcareous
an indentation, as
:o a pedicle. Their
n. In confirmation
le been raised from
|s of coral, after the
iern hemisphere, it
t-water lakes and
, as shewn by their
p as not to allow
rises and falls with
Le gulf of Florida,
[ithout the tropics,
I a vertical sun, and
liter, the Bahamas
]elightful. To the
1 are nearly akin —
Jitural productions
Id customs of the
1 the mean annual
and healthy ap-
Imity, gives to the
llaliainaH all the appearances of a country situate in a
iiii>ri' temperate latitude. The sumnitr and winter
dot and cold), wet and dry s-uxons, are well marked ;
the ciild season lasts t'roiii .Vovemlier to May, during;
wliicli period the sky is renuirkahly clear and si'rene,
till' uiereiiry at noon l'". oceasioiuilly below (iO, sildotu
Ijiyond 70 or TT), while a refrishinn N. bree/e tempers
till' mill-day heat, nnd the mornings and evenings are
ci'dl and invigorating. From May to November the
lient increases nnd decreases as the sun advances and
(itiris from its great northern declination. The
ilicrinometer ranges from 7.') to Hr> K., rarely higher ;
It line breeze IVc(|uently blows from the V.., with cool-
Ing showers of rain, before the summer solstice and
tinviirds the autumnal equinox. The mornings have
thi'ii n peculiar freshness, and the evenings a softness
and beauty unknown to colder countries. From the
tlntiiess of the isles, the full beuelit of the sea bree/es
is lilt Uiroughout every part of each island. The
lii'altli of ;he climate will be indicated by the fact,
that out of a population of 1,11m ut Harbour Island,
nil furiernl took place from the .Ith of .lune to the
iL'th of November, while, with the same population,
:!0 or ,'10 would have expired in any part of Europe ;
anl lit Nassau the proportion of deaths to the popu-
lation wa.s, in IH^fi, only 1 in 4'), which is less than
the mortality of England.
January. . ..
February . .
March ....
April
May
June
July
August
September. .
October
November . .
December . .
■/
H
X
f
00X0DVCVO>*(X3t'.»O0^»<X)
Max.
m
m
X
9
n
fa
Med.
ixQDi^MSw^iUcoaoaoao
Min.
S. N.E. N.E N.
N.E. S.E. N.E.
N.E. S.E. N.E. N.
E. N.E. S.E. N.W.
Variable.
Ditto.
S.E. E. S. N.E.
N.E. E. N.W. S.
N.E. N. N.W. S.
E. N.E. N.W.
S. S.W. W. N.W.
S.S.W. N.W.
CA
Strong breezes and cloudy.
Moderate and var .ble.
Clear and squally.
Ditto, little rain.
Moderate showers.
Clear and dry.
Mild and clear.
Squalls, with rain.
Clear, showery, and hazy.
Mild, rain, and squally.
Moderate and squally.
Varial)le, mild, clear.
w
n
>
?!
n
o;
o"
5'
Oft'
P
s
3
o
H
p
n
5^
VI. In 1720, the population was stated at — whites,
|830; negroes, 310. In 1727, whites 2,000; negroes,
2,211.
S
a
I
E
S
A
.S
le
.•a
t.
CO
3
01
13
C/3
'(in;s<i|iuntni|\j
Xq -fvniM.i.id
Q
•I«»'»l
■Mivuia^
•«oi«w
•|«J<'J.
•SDiniusj
•SOIBJ^
:3iS
7 '" J2
ri iM .
•piioi
'Sd|BUI.\.{
•SOJBf^
•ejBa^V
. © «
s
:
• 5 5? •
no »r X ">
o •£ vs o
i» M Tl I-
O ^ (7) 9k
^1
CT> ■^i o 10
r~ Ji <0 "M
"M in o 0%
>0 T •» t
0% O 00 h-
■M r^ O w
iir vc ti i~
■O •T ■T -t
01 iC X —
CI ■>\ I?) CO
11 (X X X
According to a census it 1820, the population was :
— Whites, males, 2279; females, 22111. Coloured,
free, males, h<.)7 ; females, i;if)2. Slaves, males, 4.')92;
females, 4,')94. Total, males, 77nr. ; females, 8247.
King's troops, including families, 380.
The aggregate of the Population from 1822 to 1831 was :—
1822
1833
18'.i4
1825
1826
1827
18"8
1820
1831
White and Free
Col.
a
n
Eh
3702
2712
3140
3140
3104
3164
3214
3368
3668
3220
3-246
3510
3610
3653
3626
3731
3863
3863
Slaves.
5251
SI51
5251
4502
4.502
4600
4601
4602
4727
o
5019
SOI9
5010
4504
4504
4724
4606
4606
4830
Total.
s;
7053
7063
8400
7761
7786
7854
7003
8060
8005
■a
a
8239
8265
^629
8204
8247
83S0
8337
8469
8693
:Ur
IOC
THE BAHAMAS.— POPULATION, RELIGION.
Return of the Population, and of the Births, Marriages, and Deaths of Bah«'.nas in 18:i6.
cn
it
s
i
.s
Population.
Population to
the Square
Mile.
Persons e
ployed i
Tl-
1
ISLANDS.
i
•a
s
s
a
1
D
CO
n
cn
Agrl.
Manf.
Com.
a
I4U
IIUO
600
700
26
260
250
100
220
R
250
320
950
450
21
23
3678
no
119
501
7-22
1220
343
255
450
59
393
382
48
50
1111
4170
72
101
678
1348
405
235
480
99
401
422
33
38
1095
7848
182
220
848
1400
2568
748
490
930
158
794
804
81
88
2206
53
1
S3
9
3
5
4
20
3
2
105
800
60
150
400
170
500
320
200
300
350
150
40
8"
10,
60
80
400
550
350
ISO
200
ISO
400
20
20
90
250
400
30
20
IS
20
10
1250
357
35
70
29
25
2
23
235
14
68
160
5
23
11
63
13
74
1
38
110
Andrew's Island, Green and «7rassy Keys ..
Grand Bahama, and the Dorry Islands
(Treat and Little Abuco and Keys
10
Harbour Island
16
Eleuthera, Royal Island and Keys
St. Salvador and Little Island
Watlings Island and Hr.ir. ^ey
11
5
Great and Little Exuma and Keys
Rugged Island and Keys
3
Long Island
15
Crooked Island, Fortune Island, and Acklin's
Island
Great and Little Henegua Muyceguave,—
French and Att wood's Keys
The Cuicoss
5
Turk's Islands
Key Sal and Anguilia
17
Total
5424
9441
9924
19365
258
3625
1940
2525
There are five resident strangers not included in the preceding columns. From [B. B.] for 1836,
A statement of the Number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Preedial -attached, Predial-unattached,
and Non-Praedial. [Parliamentary Return to the
House of Lords, March, 1838.]
a
c
Classes.
£S
as
3 o
\3-{
• 'S
I a
.2
a
o
»5
Head People. . . .
I rradesmen ....
! Inferior ditto ..
Field Labourers
Inferior ditto ..
Head People
Tradesmen ....
Inferior d'tto . .
jKicId Labourers
j Inferior ditto ..
HeadTradesmen
Inferior ditto . .
Head P. employ,
ed on wharfs,
shipping, or
other avoca.
lions
InferiorPeople 1
ditto /
Head Domestics
Inferior ditto
Children under
six years of
age on the Ist
August, 1834
Aged, diseased,
or othi rwise
oou-effective
Number of
Slaves in
each class.
Compensa-
tion value of
each class.
69
£2407
! 'iB
198
1 2(i52
405-25
1286
1061)3
4
139
2
30
18-
2847
77
637
161
4498
48
1046
470
12274
331
5826
1267
2486s
1167
12722
2063
sgfio
299
651
Total.
No. of Slaves,
4il'20.
Anii'unt,
je53,794.
No. of Slaves,
270.
Amount,
je'3,655.
No. of Slaves,
3,444.
Amount,
^61,233.
Number of Claims having reference to each Division.
Preedial Attached, 534; Prtedial Unattached, 102; Non-
prndial, 845.
VII. Churches, Livings, Sfc. in 1836. [B. B.]—
Christ's Church, in the Island of New Providence;
value of living, 340/., Church will contain from "00
to 800 persons, from 400 to 500 generally attend.
There is a parsonage-house, a chapel which will con-
tain 400 persons, about 2.')0 generally attend. St.
Mathew, in the Island of New Providence ; livins;
340/., Church contains from 300 to 400, about 2.")i)
attend. St. John's Harbour, Egg Current Island;
living, 270/., Church contains 400 persons, a Chapel
which will contain 60, about 50 attend. St. Patrick
Eludlein ; living, vacant, the Chapel will contain 400
persons, from .'iO to 60 attend. St. Salvador, vacant.
St. Andrews at Exuma and Hugged Island, vacant.
St. Paul's at Long Island, vacant. St. David's at
Crooked Island, vacant. St. George at the Caicus,
vacant. St. Thomas at Turk's Island, 270Z., Church
will contain 260 persons. House rent is allowed. St.
Peter at Abuco, vacant. St. Christopher, district of
Watling's Island and Rem's key, vacant. St. Stephen,
district of St. Andrew's Island, vacant. Grand Baha-
mas, and the Beng Islands, vacant. Most of these
Churches are Protestant. There are nine Dissenting
places of worship, including the Scotch Kirk.
VIII. In 1832 the number of male scholars in the
Bahamas was 549 ; females, 568; total, 1117. Four
were public schools ; four Sunday schools ; two day
and one free school for infants. The public school-
room in the town of Nassau is capable of containin!;
200 pupils. The Wesleyans have two Sabbath and
two Catechetical schools in New Providence. In the
former, (in 1832) 24 white and 281 coloured children
and adults receive gratuitous instruction in rending
and writing, by 10 white and 18 coloured teachers.
They have also 10 Sunday schools in the out-islands,
where 630 whites and coloured children are in-
structed.
UAHAMAS.— EDUCATION.
107
in 1R36.
Return of the number of Schools at the Bahamas in 1836. [B. B.]
20
IS
2
23
13
74
3
15
20
23S
1
5
10
12S0
14
68
3*8
i;
2525
••
». B.] for 1836,
JT. i7i 1836. [B.B.]-
nd of New Providence;
1 will contain from 700
-> 500 generally attcml.
I chapel which will con-
generally attend. St.
New Providence ; living
300 to 400, about 2M
ir, Egg Current Island;
IS 400 persons, a Chapel
[ 50 attend. St. Patrick
Chapel will contain 4(10
St. Salvador, vacant.
Rugged Island, vacant.
vacant. St. David's at
George at the Caicos,
s Island, 270/., Church
use rent is allowed. St.
Christopher, district of
ly, vacant. St. Stephen,
vacant. Grand I3aha-
vacant. Most of these
lere are nine Dissenting
he Scotch Kirk,
of male scholars in the
568; total, 1117. Four
inday schools; two day
its. The public school-
is capable of containing
have two Sabbath and
;ew Providence. In the
1 281 coloured children
instruction in reading
1 18 coloured teachers,
lools in the out-islands,
lured children are in-
Salary
Number
_ r
Name of the Parish,
Public or Free School,
of
OI
Mode
Expense
and in what
and
Schoolmaster
Scnoiars.
of
of each
County or District.
where situated.
or
Instruction.
School.
Schoolmistrs.
Ml.
Fm.
Tot.
65
New Providence, \
Christchurch par. J
Central model school •
£.
2 masters ]
200 i-
43 J
65
Bell's
r 43/. per
annum
t house-rent.
•Normal model school ■
300
162
130
130
Lancasterian.
Associates school
Bell's.
tinfant school
39
Ditto
20
50
68
118
Wildcrspin.
Ditto
26
•
•
•
r 108/.
\ house-rent.
Ditto
20
30
24
54
Ditto
13
10/.
JAt the Baptist chapel
10
52
91
143
§Adel(nde
52
8
14
22
Adult and infant school
150
11
12
23
St. Matthew's parish
Girls model school ■
lllnfant school
43 1
32 J
26
•
•
•
r School of
1 Industry.
Ditto
20
42
80
122
Wilderspin.
20/.
f Public free school .
27
Bell's.
KIcuthcra, St. Patrick
Free school. New Ports-
54
18
22
40
10/.
parish.
mouth.
Public school
21
13
22
35
Girls school .
5
.
•
•
r School of
\ Industry.
Harbour Island, St.
♦♦Public free school .
108
47
10
57
Bell's.
10/.
John's parish.
Abuce, St. Peter's par.
ditto New Plymouth
86
Long Island, St. Paul's
ditto Clarence Town
21
28
18
46
par.
Exuma
St. Andrew's .
ditto Stevenstone
tt Infant r ;hool .
21 1
20 J
•
•
70
Wilderspin.
Hemaqua-street, St.
Ditto .
20
Thomas' parish.
Turk's Island
St. Thomas' .
Public school
ditto Genud City
81 "1
43 J
•
•
70
Lancasterian.
1.U
IX ditto Salt Bay .
54
25
18
43
Kxuma, St. Andrew's
Infant school .
20
Walling's Isle, St.
Ditto
20
Christopher.
Eluthera, St. Patrick .
§§ditto Bluff Settlement
Public school .
Infant ditto .
Public ditto
Ditto
26
21
5
21
21
47
20
47
Girls
17
5
5
19
PI
m
There are also about 76 private schools, containing about 230 or 240 scholars; the number of pupils in
each varying from three to upwards of 30.
* This school established in 1836, supported by funds received from bequests, and exclusively under the
control of the rector of Christchurch. t Established in 1835. X Ditto in 1835 ; this school Is
supported by the Baptists. § African settlement, paid by Her Mpjesty's government. II Established
in 1836. % Ditto in 1836. •• Ditto in 1835. tt Ditto in 1836. XX Ditto in 1836.
§§ This and the following schools were discontinued in October, in consequence of the violent opposition made
by the white inhabitants to the admission of coloured children.
Ik' I
I'l'-'
til!
108 BAHAMAS —CRIME AND GAOLS, GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
IX. Number of Prisoners in tlie Gaols of Baliamas tliroughout each year, from 1828 to 1836.
^
Total number
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No.
of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
^
V)
><
1
^
Male
Fm.
Totl.
84
Male
Fm.lTotl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
roti.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
a
1828
fil
23
15
4
19
19
13
32
27
6
33
2
2
6
6
1829
31)
7
4fi
10
1
11
27
6
33
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1830
fil
17
78
25
10
35
31
6
37
5
1
6
4
, ,
4
1831
,'>1
14
eri
16
r,
22
33
8
41
2
, ,
2
3
, ,
3
1832
111
If)
127
20
3
23
51
7
58
40
6
46
40
6
46
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
1833
119
33
1,52
23
5
28
107
33
140
12
12 ! 39
3
42
68
30
98
1834
103
30
133
15
9
24
77
20
97
11
1
12 1 31
3
34
72
27
99
Nil.
183.5
410
IfiS
578
29
7
36
355|160
515
26
1
27 258
138
396
133
49
182
2
1836
340
167
.507
12
5
17
301
157
458
27
5
32
333
166
499
7
1
8
7
X. As in the other West India possessions, the go-
vernment of the Bahamas is modelled after that of Eng-
land ; viz. a House of Assembly or Commons, consist-
ing of 30 members, returned from the several islands ;
an Executive and Legislative council of 12 members,
approved by the crowr, and a governor, who is com-
mander-in-chief of the militia, and has the power of
summoning and dissolving the legislative body, and
of putting a negative on its proceedings. The elec-
tors are free white persons of 21 years of age, who
have resided 12 months within the government, for
six of which they must liave been householders or
freeholders, or in default of that have paid duties to
the amount of 50/. To become a representative, the
person must have 200 acres of cultivated land, or pro-
perty to the value of 2,000^ currency.
There are several co\irts at law, such as the Supreme
Court, which holds its sessions in terms of three
weeks, with the powers of the common law courts at
"Westminster, and its practice modelled on that of the
King's Bench, the Courts of Chancery, Error, Vice-
Admiralty, &c.
Nassau, in New Providence, as before observed, is
the seat of government and the centre of commerce ;
it possesses a fine harbour, nearly land locked, and on
the 3. side of which the capital extends over a rather
steep acclivity to the summit of a ridge, the W. of
which is crowned by a fortress of considerable strength,
where the garrison is kept. The island is divided into
parishes, each of which has its church, clergy, and
school, liberally provided for. The streets are regu-
larly laid out, the public buildings good, and activity
and cleanliness immediately attraci's the eye of a
stranger.
Governors of the Bahama-, from 1613 to IH38. —
Chillingworth, 1673; Clark, 1677, Lilbunic, 1684; ■
Bridges, 1687; Cadwalader Jones, 1690; Trott, 1694;
Nicholas Webb, 1697; Elias Hasket, 1700; Ellis;
Lightfoot, ; — Birch, 1704; Woods, Rogers,
1717; George Phenney, 1721 ; Woods Rogers, (again) ,
1728; Richard Fitzwilliam, 1733; John Tinker,!
1738 ; William Shirley, 1759 ; Thomas Shirley, 1767; |
Montford Brown, 1774 ; John Maxwell, 1779 ; James i
E. Powcl, (lieut.) 1784; John Earl of Dinimore,
1786; John Forbes, (lieut.) 1797; William Dowdcs-
well, 1797; John Flalkett, 1801 ; Charles Cameron,
1804; Lewis Grant, 1820; Sir J.C.Smith, 1829;
B. T. Balfour, (lieut.) 1833; Lieut. Coll. William G.
Colebrook, 1835.
The military strength of the colony is shown as fol-
lows : — New I'rovidenc'j regiment of militia ; 1 colo-
nel ; 1 lieut. -colonel ; 2 majors ; 1 adjutant ; 1 quar-
ter-master ; 2 surgeons ; 1 serjeant-major ; 1 military
marshal; 7 captains ; 13 lieutenants; 26 sergeants;
27 corporals; 3 drummers; 326 privates: — total,
412.
New Providence Marine Corps : — 1 major ; 1 quar-
ter-master ; 1 surgeon ; 1 military marshal ; 2 cap-
tains ; 4 lieutenants; 10 Serjeants; 8 corporals ; 121)
privates: — total, 157.
The regular troops amount to about 600 men.
XI. Comparative Yearly Statement of the, Rereurw
of Bahamas.— 1821, 15,544/.; 1828,18,461/.; 1«21),
21,439/.; 1830, 17,850/.- 1831, 20,433/.; 1832,
15,808/.; 1833, 10,201/.; 1834, 19,720/.; 1835,
22,803/.
Fevenue of Bahamas for 1836. — Imports: Advalo-
rem duties, 1,766/.; flour, 1,916/.; rice, 507/.; spirits,
rum, gin and brandy, 2,971/.; wine, 1,007/. ; five per
cent, on goods, 4,413/. ; miscellaneous, 3,089/. : total
imports, 15,669/. Exports and Taxes: salt, 2,100/. ;
vendure tax, 1,194/. ; tonnage, 168/.; miscellaneous,
995/. : total exports and imports, 20,126/.
Yearly statement of the ETiwnditure of Bahamas. —
1827, 17,459/.; 1828, 17,395/.; 1829, 17,829/.; 1H30,
19,205/.; 1831, 19,262/.; 1832, 15,098; 1833,
6,435/.; 1834,20,737/.; 1835,18,277.
Expenditure of Bahamas for 1836. — Civil depart-
ment, officers salaries, 2,755/. ; Ecclesiastical ditto,
officers salaries, 1,915/.; Judicial ditto, officers sala-
ries, 3,707/.; Militia ditto, officers salaries, 86/.;
Light-house ditto, officers salaries, 289/. ; Special
Justices ditto, constables salaries and hire of vessels.
1,733/.; Contingencies, 981/. ; Appropriation to i)iib-
lic departments, 6,643/. ; Commissions of receiver-
general and treasurer, 177/.; Interest on treasury
bills, 911/. : total, 19,902/.
Heeapitulativn of the Establishment in 1836. —
[B. B.] Civd Establishment, paid by Great Bri-
tain in sterling money, 2,589/. ; Judicial Establish-
ment, 3,400/.; Ecclesiastical Establishment, 140/. :
total, 6, 1 29/. Civil Establishmrnt paid by the Colony
in sterling money, 2,7.'i5/. ; Judicial Establishment,
3,707/.; Ecclesiastical Establishment, 1,915/.; Mis-
cellaneous Expenditure, 11,474/.; Pensions, 48/.:
total, 19,902/.
Commissariat Department Bahamas. — Expenditure
incurred by Great I^ritain in aid of Civil Establish-
ments ai:d Military Protection in 18;5(i: Rations of
provisions and forage, 4,551/. ; fuel and light, 26H/. ;
transport by land and water, 1H9/. ; pay of Fxlra
staff, 259/. j military nllowaricrs, 854/. ; contingcn-
Y.
8-28 to 1836.
BAHAMAS.— COMMERCE. SHIPPING, PRODUCTS.
109
s'o. of untried
Prisoners.
[ale
Fm.
Totl
30
27
49
1
98
99
182
8
Nil.
IH
1 adjutant ; 1 quar-
ant-major ; 1 military
nants; 26 sergeants;
326 privates : — total,
5: — 1 major ; 1 quar-
ary marshal ; 2 cap-
its ; 8 corporals; 12 'J
about 600 men.
ement vf tlin Rtveimc
1828, 18,461/.; IH>'J,
31, 20,433/!.; 1832,
!34, 19,720/.; 1835,
). — Imports : Advalo-
l. ; rice, 507/. ; spirits,
vine, 1,007/. ; Ave per
aneous, 3,089/. : total
Taxes: salt, 2,100/.;
68/. ; miscellaneous,
20,126/.
lititre of Bahamas. —
29, 17,829/.; 1830,
l.'),098; 1833,
.277.
836. — Civil dcpart-
Ecclesiastical ditto,
ditto, officers sala-
Kcers salaries, 86/. ;
ies, 289/. ; Special
and hire of vessels,
ppropriation to jjiib-
missions of receivcr-
nterest on treasury
ihment in 1836.—
paid by Great Bri-
Judiclal Establish-
(tablishment, 140/. :
l)aid by the Colony
cial Kstablishment,
lent, 1,91.'">/. ; Mis-
i'ensions, 48/.:
Xiiuis. — Expenditure
lof Civil Kstablish-
1836 ; Rations of
I and light, 268/. ;
|»/. ; pay (if I'xtra
l8,'')4/. ; contingcn-
132.
li
cies, 6,908/. ; ordinaries, 7,861/.; pay of commissa-
riat officers, 447/. ; cash payment on account of tlie
army, 21,341/. ; the value of supplies received from
England, and issued to the army in kind during the
year 1836, 2,9.')9/. ; cash and provision expenditure
on account of army, 26,67.')/.
Rinjal Nary. — Amount of cash received from the
military chest, 1,927/.; value of supplies received from
England, and issued to the royal navy. 900/. ; cash and
provision expenditure on account of the navy. 2.827/.
XII. IMPORTS, EXPORTS, A
Colonial Serrice. — Advance to tlie liberated African
department, mail, boat hire, teachers at Carmichael,
&c., pay of special justices and clerk of committee of
compensation, 6,038/.; amount of general expendi-
ture, 3.'), .541/. None of the above expenses are de-
I frayed by the colony. The particulars of the Ordnance
expei\diture in the colony, laid out under a note of
Parliament, not to be noticed, agreeably to the Master
of the Board of Ordnance's letter, dated 1 1th August
I 1828.
ND SHIPPING OK BAHAMAS.
Great Britain.
West
Indies
North Am
erica.
Tons.
Unite
1
il States.
'Jo. Tons.j
1
Foreign States.
Va.\.£ No. Tons.
Val. .*
Total.
Years.
Val..* No.
Tons.
Val.^
Val.^
No.
Val.Ji-i
No.
Tons.
Men.
182-2
7ar,nn lo
1616
11700
1900
29
1929
1
4700
7
1
440
25400
76
3062
172500
122
7047
705
1823
172fi()fi 12
2365
7:ifi8
1022
29
25581 31698
308
41935
39522
7S
4044
251975
424
50902
2133
IK24
204106 11
2253
25676
1897
55
5460! 25421
193
19351
46958-
45
2428
339142
304
29192
1715
182-
■02416 14
2474
20374
3272
84
99^6 21521)
69
5445,
24952
169
1 6:151
302878
335
342,^6
1657
1821)
■14166 8
17.')0
20120
2123
20
1186 47779
57
2;i54
49301:
56
3071
352074
141
B369
839
1827
1204001 7
1617
15638
16142
38
2484 12631
16
1001
31986
73
3303
231384
134
8435
713
1S28
132!I15| 8
1704
18898
5050
94
8554! .. '
227
34457
86875
100
7674
338700
429
52389
2516
182!)
36/74 1 10
I869
19236
3713
110
7799
42
23
3491
26851.
307
34787
97150
459
47946
2645
18:10
60480, 10
2075
17144
3047
107
794b
1709
30
3150
23797
161
11429
1:17 853
30s
24507
1878
1H31
23539; 11
2033
15886
2060
174
17827| 2890 r
115
129H5
9268
166
15920
91561
466
48705
2866
18:12
527041 15
2766
22110
1579
151
14060; 33608
151
15546
7458
155
13359
117759
472
46251
2854
18;::)
57378 15
2666
11102
38-2
t:H
5774! 30012
140
12942
20285
121
7025
123735
347
28377
2031
18:)4
40153 21
3805
9686
2851
106
8109| ,567351
141
14201
:i2651
118
8035
142039
3S6
34150
2251
1835
2879 li 17
317!)
11525
1636
131
I:i791| 4.-)9l8
172
22126
42774
174
I748O
1413,59
494
56576
3214
1836
71293; 23
i
•297-'
10215
2471
155
' 14788
36791
!
209
1 '"'^"^l
42558
216
16125
167785
603
59339
3779
From Elsewhere, 1822, 58:)00/.; 1823,37625;.; 1821,32615/.; 1825, 30335/. j 1826,28583/.; 1827,27587/.! 1828,97902/.;
1829,10531/.; 1830,22674/.; 1831, 1 1902/. ; 18:(3, 1 176/. , 1834. 61/. ; 1853,10683/.; 1836,4426/.
EXPORTS OF BAHAMAS.
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
40100
14
22^.. 1
26524
13
24.-
32083
10
3i);):i3
9
23333
10
1 ■»
28328
8
\-/4.U
24803
11
2082
21222
8
U129
1,1488
8
1765
12155
12
2054
10411
11
1965 1
30129
29
4967
43335
35
5938
47589
29
5095 !
40236
41
6355 1
1
I 18700
9
(. io
18
4319
21329,
15153,
8859'
6444
6i05
3/87
1916;
4299
48521
1 4700
51
4176
13300
2522
3h
:u)09
38494
5541
62
5899
27 183
4772
52
3360
253H7
1597
52
35:14
14193
18636
37
3023
2166
7720
108
8821
18:)H:i
3222
113
8630
22222
2419
102
7449
12899
3602
92
7178
411. '.6
1283
45
3422
44384
2329
46
3577
32:129
■.3-.2
44
3:i32
37164
2638
92
9798
;t935^
2896
94
8790
22747
262 9266(1 120800
301 41677 1;)0141
221 2331)1 215169
213 25932 103193
183 21498 88778
19
2166,
234
:t5275;
246
33042
79
h6ii;
322
41192'
2:t6
267801
198
209281
181
17285
261
33428
253
31380
/59441 63
jllllj 91
151571 88
8768' 85
ii;<oii 73
8890' 62
8821 129
85651 91
10747' 90
12068,134
5130
217600
422
104265
2235
3800
317659
437 50956
2l:)l
27/9
317407
354 3494 1
1965
2901
2:l3845
399 3S559
1872
3632
145305
310 30604
1875
3640
129393
1271 9352
765
5951
12247:)
444 52129
2531
5O77
76977
455
48978
2830
468 i
49808
274
22506
1684
3840
7 1658
499
51264
3053
4403
71173
354
36.570
2276
7248
75875
402
36713
1863
5142
92204
351
31697
2090
6181
104633
472
54502
3272
6779
82800
522
53299
3432
I
Gold Coins.
dwt.
grs.
Currency. Sterling.
British Guinea. . .
Half ditto
French ditto . . . .
Johannes
Half ditto
Fourth ditto . . . .
Eighth ditto . . . .
Sixteenth ditto . .
Moiiiore
Half ditto
Quarter ditto . . .
Doubloons
Half ditto
Quarter ditto . . .
F.ighth ditto . . . .
Sixteenth ditto . .
5
2
5
18
9
4
2
1
ft
3
I
17
8
4
2
I
14
14
2
12
6
3
16
8
16
8
16
8
4
2
To Elsevfhere, 1824,510/.; 1830, 1375/.
XIII. Coitis of Bahamas as in 1836. — [B. B.] Rates and weights at which gold and silver coins pass current in
the Bahamas, by virtue of two several Acts of Assembly, passed in the 28th and .'J2nd year of his late
Majesty's reign.
Silver Coins. — Spanish milled dollar, 8*. Cur., 4*. 4rf.
St.; half ditto. 4.v.=2s. 2(/.; quarter ditto, 2*.= Is. \d.;
eighth ditto, Is. = 6i(/; sixteenth ditto. M. = 3irf. ;
pistaiecn. Is. M. = 9ii(/.; half ditto, 9<l. = 4id.
quarter ditto, Aid. = 2\(l.
Rates at which gold, silver, and copper coins pass
current in the Bahamas, by act of Assembly passed in
the sixth year of hi:: late Majesty's reign. — Sovereign,
1/. 16s. ll'ii/. ; half ditto, 18s. 5(/. 7-13ths; silver
crown, 'Js. 2(1. ll-12ths; half ditto, 4s. Id. ,5-13ths;
silver shilling. Is. lOrf. 2-13ths; ditto 6(/. = 11*/.
l-13th; 9'/. = r>f/. l-26th; half ditto, 2d. l-52nd;
copper penny, 2(/. ; half ditto, 1(/.
The amount of gold coin in circulation, may
be estimated at, in sterling 10,000/. ; silver coin
in circulation, estimated at 26,000/.; copper coin,
.10/. ; total, 36,0.'')0/. Ill the public bank there is in
cash and notes about 12,000/. sterling. The debt of
the colony is 18,297/. at six per cent interest. [B.B.
for 1836.J
£
s
1
18
—
19
1
16
6
8
.3
4
1
12
-
16
-
8
2
8
1
4
—
12
6
8
3.
4
1
12
—
I6|
8i
1
10
19
9
M4
-I 8
-! 4
ll 6
-13
-i 6
3; 9
114
-il7
-; 8
-I 4
d
7
3i
6
4
8
4
8
4
I-
no
BAHAMAS.— PRODUCTS, PRICES AND PROPERTY.
$ \
I:
IB
XIV. European and tropical vegetables and fruits
thrive and are abundant ; beef, mutton and poultry
good and plentiful ; the shores abound with fish, and
there is turtle enough among the Bahamas to supply
all Europe ; almost every island has pretty good water ;
ambergris is occasionally found ; cotton was formerly
an abundant article of exportation, and there is
scarcely a spot in any of the islands that is not co-
vered with a luxuriant vegetation.
Ship timber of a most excellent quality, is abun-
dant on many of the Bahama islands ; logwood, bra-
zilletto, fustic, green ebony and satin wood, are pro-
duced in considerable quantities for building or plank-
ing vessels ; the cedar, horscHesh, madeira, mastic,
and other durable woods, in great plenty, and there is
an inexhaustible supply of very superior firewood ;
sponges of good quality abound on the island shores,
and the water from the wells at New Providence, has
the desirable quality of keeping good at sea for any
length of time.
The agricultural stock in the Bahamas in 1831, con-
sisted of 1,1().5 horses, asses, and mules; 3,2,')0 horned
cattle ; .'),97.5 sheep and goats ; and [ijftft swine.
The quantity of produce raised was 30,350 bushels ot
Indian corn (at 4s. 4d. market price per bushel) ;
74,250 lbs. of potatoes and yams (at 6«. per cwt.) ;
3,225 bushels of peas and beans (at t)s. lOd. \Kr
bushel) ; 38,4G5 dozen of pine apples (at 2s. per
dozen) ; 22 tons of cotton (at 5(/. per pound) ;
30,500 melons and pumpkins (at 3 v. per dozen) ;
31,300 lbs. of ocrc (at 2(i. per lb.); and 19 tons ot'
cassada or cassava, at 10*. per cwt.
Return of the Produce, Stock, &c., in 1832.
ISLANDS.
New Providence
Turk's Island . . .
Caicos
Elcuthera . . . .
Crooked I ..\nd . . .
Rum key, &c. . . .
Watling's Island • .
Long Island ....
Exuma
Heneagua, Mayaguana,
&c
Grand Bahamas & Berry
Islands
Andros Island . . .
Ragged Island & Keys .
St. Salvador ....
Albaco
Harbour Island . . .
STOCK.
No. of
PRODUCE.
State the Nature of the Produce, and Quantity of each.
IS
200
175
120
50
45
150
140
250
40
10
10
20
120
US
O
o
X
300
240
300
200
350
250
150
1000
200
50
100
550
o
O
w
B
I 3
|0
c
a
a
60
50l
Bus. lbs.
1000 250 800 1700
100 .50 1000
700 100, 500 300
500 450j 10000 70000
400 200, 2000 3500
1000 250, 1700 2200
1000 300; 1500 1700
700 400, 1500 8500
500 200 2500 4500
50 100 1500 2700
100 200 4500 1700
40 150 1700 2500
200 100 50| 400
1500 300 2000J 1700
50! 500 220020000
50i 20oi ..I ..
■a
§«
en p
o .5
13 >"
+->
o
03
§
(A
—
a,
<
c
i
T3
C
« M
2 C
.S o
3
(A
2
u
O
1
•o
Ph
cu
<d
Bus.
Doz.
Tons
No.
lbs.
lbs.
3500
500
••
2000
15000
10000
500
50
, ,
, ,
1000
1000
700
2000
40000
4
20000
8000
30000
1100
, ,
5
1500
1000
2000
220
200
5
8000
700
1000
100
220
, ,
3000
COO
500
200
200
11
7000
3000
700
250
80
12
2500
1700
300
70
45
3
1200
700
450
80
25
2700
4500
1100
200
• .
. .
8000
1700
1200
. .
. .
. .
(iOO
700
300
450
50
2
3500
6000
1700
900
20
••
11000
8500
1000
_ ■4-<
o _o
5 rt
o-S
lbs.
400
150
10(;o
400
100
70
150
.")0
1000
100
200
700
^hlmbl>r of Ships built in the Colony in 1 830. [B. B.]
— In New Providence, 7, of 240 tons burthen, regis-
tered according to law; Harbour Island, 3, of 119
tons; Abaco, 4, of 98 tons; Exuma, 1, of 16 tons;
Rugged Island, 1, of 6 tons ; Rum Key, 1, of 4 tons;
Andur Island, l,of 18 tons ; total, 18 ships, 501 tons.
Exuma. — Salt is manufactured on this island in a
pond of 223 acres ; in Rugged Island in a pond of
42 acres ; in Turks Island in a pond of 130 acres ; on
Gunn's Key, and in a pond of 212 acres on Long Key:
on Rum Key, in a pond of 650 acres ; and in seve-
ral ponds on Long Island, extent together, 308 acres.
There are no mines in this colony.
On the Island of New Providence, are several pri-
vate quarries of porous limestone, used in building
houses, &c., and also for dripstones. It is in great
abundance throughout the colony, and its value at the
quarry is about fyl^d. per square foot. Smacks and
boats are employed in fishing, varying in size from 12
feet to 20 tons. Fish and turtle are worth, on an
average, about 3Ar/. per lb.
There arc a great abundance and variety of fish
within the Bahamas Islands ; there are no establishrd
fisheries, properly so called ; many persons, however,
get their livelihood by fishing and turtling on the
coast of Cuba, and obtaining sponge on the Bahama bank
Prices of Produce and Merchandize. — Horned cattle
per head, 10/.; horses, 18/.; sheep, 1/.: goats. Id.?.;
swine, 1/. ]1s. 6d. per cwt. ; milk. Is. per qrt. ; fresh
butter, '2s. per lb. ; salt butter, 1*. 3(/. per lb. ; cheese,
1*. per lb.; beef, 9(/. per lb.; mutton, 'Jd. per lb.;
pork, 9d. per lb. ; rice, 1/. per cwt. ; tea, fis. per lb. ;
sugar, 1/. .54'. per cwt. ; salt, Cid. per bush. ; wine, L'j.
per doz. ; brandy, 8*. per gall. ; beer, 10s. per doz.;
tobacco, 1/. lis, fid. per cwt.; Indian and Guiana
corn, 4s. 4rf. per bush. ; potatoes and yams, 5,«. 5'/.
per bush. ; peas and beans, 5s. 5(/. per bush. ; pine
apples, 2s. 2d. per doz. ; cotton M. per lb. ; pump-
kins and melons, 4s, per doz. ; ochre, 2d. per lb. ;
cassava and arrow-root, 8</. per lb.; garlic, onions
and eschalots, Cut. per lb. ; oranges, 4s. 4d. per 1,000;
lemons, 4s. 4(<. per 1,000. [B. B. for 1836.]
H'fi ires for Lfihour. — Domestic, I/. 4s. per montli ;
Pricdial, Is. M. per day ; trades, .'<>. per day.
Si
ing
tiidi'
K.
Ann
II
d on the island shorts,
t New Providence, has
g good at sea for any
Bahamas in 1831, con-
d mules ; 3,250 horned
:s ; and 3,7.').') swine,
was 30,350 bushels of
;t price per bushelj ;
ims (at fijt. per cwt.) ;
eans (at !is. lOd. per
le apples (at 2,v. per
[at hd. per pound) ;
i (at 3s'. per dozen) ;
lb.); and 19 tons of
:wt.
Quantity of each.
^
o
t^
i-t
< .
(/}
■go
IS
S o
o
o
•a
V3
rt
O
lbs.
lbs.
15000
10000
, ,
500
1000
700
8000
30000
1000
2000
700
1000
coo
500
3000
700
1700
300
700
450
4500
1100
1700
1200
700
300
6000
1700
8500
1000
_ ■*-<
o-g
CO
lbs.
400
i:a)
1000
400
100
"0
150
."lO
;!(>
1000
100
200
700
c are no cstablishrd
y persons, however,
and turtling on the
on the Bahama hank
dize. — Horned cattle
ep, U, : goats, If),?.;
, 1*. per qrt. ; fresh
3rf. per lb. ; cheese,
nutton, 'Jd. per lb. ;
; tea, 6s. per lb. ;
per bush. ; wine, l'j.
beer, 10s. per doz,;
Indian and Guiana
Ds and yams, S.f. .Vi.
5(<. per bush. ; pine
f>d. per lb, ; pump-
ochre, 2d. per lb.;
lb. ; garlic, onions
s, 4s. 4d. per 1,000;
for 1836.]
I/. 4s. per month ;
<■>. per day.
Ill
CHAFrER XVI.— THE BERMUDAS OR SOMER ISLES.
Skction I. The Bermudas, or Somer Isles, exceed-
ing 300 in number, lie in the Atlantic Ocean, in lati-
tude 32.20. N. longitude 64.50. \V. about 600 miles
K. of South Carolina, the nearest point of North
America, and containing about 12,000 acres.
II. They were discovered in 1522, by J. Bermudez,
a Spaniard, who found them uninhabited. May, an
Englishman, is said to have been wrecked there at an
earlier period, and,with his companions built a vessel,
in which he returned to Kngland. Sir George Somers
was wrecked upon them in 1609, and made his way
to Virginia in a vessel constructed of cedar, which
did not contfcin an ounce of iron, excepting one bolt
in the keel. They were settled shortly after from
Virginia and England, but disputes for some time
l)revailed respecting the rights of the Virginia Com-
pany. They have ever since remained in the unin-
terrupted possession of England, and at one time
attracted great attention for their salubrity and pictu-
res(|ue scenery.
III. When viewed from a ship at sea, the Bermudas
appear to have but a trifling elevation compared with
the bold and lofty aspect of many of our West India
Islands ; indeed the surface is very irregular, seldom
presenting any lofty elevations, the highest land not
exceeding 200 feet. The principal islands (St. George's,
Ireland, St. David, Somerset, Paget, Longbird and
Smith's), together with the minor islands, lie in such
a manner as to form several bays, some of which are
capacious and deep enough to afford harbour for the
whole British navy, but difficult of ingress and egress;
St. George's, the main island, Somerset and Ireland,
form a chain, with very little interrujrtion, for about
30 miles long, seldom exceeding in breadth two miles
(resembling a shepherd's crook), running nearly E.
and W., St. George's being the E. and Somerset and
Ireland the W.; it appears, in fact, as if an extensive
island had disappeared in some convulsion of nature,
leaving above water only a long narrow ridge, without
either mountains or vallies, rivers, forests, or plains.
Groves of cedars are here and there detached on little
plateaus of rising ground ; and the numerous basins
(some sixteen miles in circumference) formed by the
islands give very much the appearance of lake scenery.
The island of St. George, the military station of the
colony, and formerly the seat of government, is about
three miles long, and at no part exceeding half a mile
broad : it lies at the entrance of the only passage for
ships of burthen. The harbour of St. George, when
once entered, is said to be one of the finest in the
world, and capable of containing the whole British
navy. It is completely land-locked. The entrance
to the harbour of St. George is narrow, and is pro-
tected by a fort called Cunningham. After passing
this entrance, the town presents one of the most
beautiful landscapes the eye ever rested on. The
stpiare tower to tlie little church — the wnite and yel-
low houses — the clear and cloudless sky above, with
the dark foliage of the cedar-elnd lulls in the rear, —
combine to n\ake the scene most enchanting. To
the westward of the town is a hill called Fort George,
where is situated the telegraph. The streets are
extremely narrow, which, however, is undoubtedly
an advantage in all warm climates, as it creates much
pleasant shade, and without which, walking in the
middle of the day would not be bearable. The houses
are low, scarcely ever exceeding two stories, and built
substantially of Bermuda stone. The barracks are
situated on a hill to the eastward of the town, and
are very commodious, and would probably comfort-
ably accommodate 2,000 troops. There are few springs
in the island, and consequently the people depend on
rain, for the purpose of catching which they have
large tanks, built of stone, and covered with Roman
cement. The air being free from smoke, and the
roofs of the houses newly whitewashed, the water
thus caught is very pure, and is really as delicious as
any I ever tasted. The government have large reser-
voirs of water on the north side of the town, for the
supply of the navy. The fortifications for the pro-
tection of this end of Bermuda, are the already men-
tioned Fort Cunningham, at the mouth of the harbour,
and a fort called Catherine, not quite completed,
situated atthe N. E. extremity of St. George's Island.
The dock yard is situated at the W. end of Ireland
Island, and distant about 15 miles from St. George's.
For about three miles the course lies between St.
George and Long-bird Islands ; after passing which
we arrive at the westernmost outlet of St. George's
Harbour, a narrow passage about the eighth of a mile
wide, called the Ferry. To protect this opening, a
Martello tower, with one gun, erects its head. The
ferry is so seldom used for the ingress or egress of
vessels, from the shallowness of the water and
strength of the current, that the above mentioned
fortification is quite as strong as necessary. The tide
runs with much force. The rocks on the N. of the
island present a very formidable appearance, and cer-
tainly do away with the necessity of the work of
man's hands, for no vessel could approach within 10
or 15 miles of this side of Bermuda without the cer-
tainty of being shipwrecked, and the lives of its crew
placed in the greatest jeopardy. Nine miles N. is a
rock, which, at low tides, presents a surface of about
40 feet in circumference, called the North Rock.
Shoals surround it for many hundred yards, and the
water, when the wind is boisterous, breaks over it
with a terrific noise. This rock, placed as it were as
a beacon, seems to say, " Hitherto shalt thou come,
and no further ;" for it must be a miracle indeed if a
ship gets nearer shore than it, for the coral shoals
lie thick in every direction in its neighbourhood. It
is not often that vessels are wrecked on the North
Kock, because careful mariners know the danger of
passing Bermuda to the northward, as all books of
navigation recommend the south side as being the
safest. The shore presents rather a sterile appear-
ance, and even the cedars, which have the misfortune
to be growing near the water, have a dead dingy
appearance. The sterility arises from the spray of
the sea, the salt from which, acted upon by the sun,
causes the grass, &c., to wither and die away. The
shon; is principally inhabited by tlsheniien and ship-
builders ; the produce of the occupation of the former
¥
112
THE BERMUDAS.— GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, CLIMATE.
'Ill . <:
being the principal sustenance of, and the business
of the latter, in its various ramifications, affording
employment to shop-keepers, mechanics, labourers,
and sailors. About midway between the Ferry and
the dock yard is one of the houses appropriated as a
residence for the governor for the time being ; it is
scarcely seen from the water ; but near it is a hill
called Mount I.nngton, on which is a flag statf, by
which communication is kept up between St. George,
Somerset, and the dock yard. A few miles beyond
this is the residence of the admiral. King's Hill, or
Clarence Lodge. Ireland Island, on which the dock yard
is, is about one mile in length, and perhaps a quarter
broad, and is nearly all occupied by the buildings
required for the officers, artizans, and for storehouses.
The hospital is situated on the highest part of the
island, and is very large and commodious. The
officers' residences are built in the English style, and
are very comfortable. The most important work is
a breakwater, similar to that at Plymouth. Several
hundred convicts are employed on it. The dock yard
is kept in tine order.
The Bermudas are, in fact, the Gibraltar of the
West Indies, and Washington was very desirous of
annexing them to the Republic, to make them, as he
said, " a nest of hornets to annoy English com-
merce."
IV. A stone called " Bermuda rock," and peculiar
to the place, forms, with few exceptions, the basis of
the islands and minor rocks ; it is extremely porous
— so much so as to be unfit for filtering stones ; at
first sight it closely resembles loose sandstone, but
on minute inspection it -will be found to consist of a
congeries of comminuted shells cemented together,
and occasionally including larger and tolerably per-
fect portions of shells ; the layers of this stone are
stratified, and the dip varies very much in the direc-
tion it takes and the angle it forms with the horizon ;
the stone is easily wrought with axes and saws, is
naturally friable, but becomes harder when exposed
to the atmosphere, and changing from a whitish to a
bluish grey colour ; it is used in the principal build-
ings ; for when covered with cement or lime it is
impervious to the rain or damp, and was therefore at
one time an article of extensive export to the United
States of America.
Lieut. Nelson says that the whole group is com-
posed of calcareous sand and limestone, derived from
comminuted shells and corals, and the diflferent
varieties are associated without any definite order of
position, the harder limestones occasionally resting
upon loose sa?id. The arrangement of the beds is
often dome-shaped, but in many instances the strata
are singularly waved.
The bottom of the basin within the zone of coral
reefs is stated to consist of corals, calcareous sand,
and soft calcareous mud resembling chalk, and con-
I sidered by the author to have been derived from the
1 decomposition of zoophytes.
I Under the head of encroachments, he describes
[ the banks of detritus thrown up by the sea, and the
progress which, under certain circumstances, the
loose sand makes in overwhelming tracts previously
fertile. He states that wherever the shrubs and
creepers have been destroyed, the sand has spread
rapidly, but that it is invariably stopped as soon as it
arrives at a plantation or row of trees.
The soil is of a reddish brown colour, and in some
places, as at Ireland Isle, bearing strong marks of
oxyde of iron. Round the coast there arc some dis-
tricts with a strong tenacious blue clay ; in others a
micaceous, kneadable brick earth ; and again, an ar-
gillaceous soil, with luxuriant pasturage. There is
no other point in the geology worth noticing.
V. The climate is favourable to European health,
and may be said to be a perpetual summer. The
meteorological register for the year is —
THKB.
WINDS.
REMARKS.
X
? =
a
S 2
January ..
64 '66 ''3
N.W.
Cold frequent rain.
February..
fio6:i:,59
N.E.
Oitto.
March ....
62 6;)ifll
N.W. by W.
Temperate, jrentle breezes.
April
7.V76
7S
.S.E.
Warm, and showers.
May
78 HO
77
S.S.E.
Sultry, ditto, thunder.
June
8'.\ SG
84
S.W.
Hot, light breezes.
July
77 70
i 1
E.
Ditto, thunder .storms.
August.. ..
77'79
78
S.E.
Sultry, heavy showers.
September
777H
78
S.W. by W.
Hot, frequent ditto.
October ..
7H79
7S
N.E.
Stormy, heavy rains.
November
6!) 71 tiS
N.W.
Cold, with heavy rain.
December
erO.'j
"1
N.E.
Do. thunder and lightning.
Water is supplied to the inhabitants all the year
round from tanks, in which it is collected during rain.
VI. In 1720, the Population is stated to have been,
whites, 48.^)0 ; negroes, ,H5i4. In 1724, whites, 4087;
negroes, 3G.')7. In 1727, whites, 5070; negroes,
3877.
A Census for 182f
>, gives the following result for each parish :-
—
PARISH.
<
1
Whites.
Free
Blacks.
Slaves.
Total.
1
"S-2
Male
Fm.
Male
Fm.
Male.
Female
Male.
Female
I
St. George
Hamilton
Smiths
Devonshire
ir.so
lf)5I
1281
1281
1281
1281
1281
1507
204
139
64
100
348
164
209
141
195
267
194
130
198
491
263
311
198
289
90
31
7
17
68
24
'Ih
18
28
110
45
7
42
103
33
31
25
34
220
164
106
113
310
221
158
183
350
210
188
120
124
336
245
198
256
325
514
324
177
230
726
409
392
342
573
.587
427
257
364
930
541
540
470
648
llOi
751
434
594
Pembroke
Pagets
Warwick
1656
950
932
Southampton
Sandys
812
1221
Total . . .
12424
1564
2341
308
430
1825
2002
3687
4764
8451
occasionally resting
ment of the beds is
y instances the strata
lin the zone of coral
rals, calcareous sand,
)ling chalk, and con-
een derived from the
iments, he describes
3 by the sea, and the
circumstances, the
ng tracts previously
,'er the shrubs and
the sand has spread
stopped as soon as it
trees.
colour, and in some
ig strong marks of
t there are some dis-
ue clay ; in others a
h ; and again, an ar-
[)asturage. There is
rth noticing,
to European health,
tual summer. The
ar is —
REMARKS.
I frequent rain.
3.
Iterate, prentle breezes,
m, and showers.
ry, ditto, thunder.
I light breezes,
thunder storms,
heavy showers,
frequent ditto.
, lieavy rains,
ith heavy rain,
mderand lightning;.
)itants all the year
llccted during rain,
ated to have been,
14, whites, 4087;
5070 ; negroes.
s
a,
P ■
Cu a
«M o
o -p
o
H
1101
751
434
594
1656
950
932
812
1221
S451
BERMUDAS.— POPULATION, RELIGION. 113
The parliamentary return whence the foregoing is derived, gives minute statistics for each parish, tiie aggre-
gate of which is, births, 299 ; marriages, 34 ; deaths, 219. Persons employed in agriculture, 689; manu-
factures, 71 ; commerce, 591.
Population &c
., of Bermudas. 1836. [E
I.B.J
i
<
a
Whites.
Coloured
Population.
Total.
IS and
ident
ngers.
Persons employed in
CO
Parishes.
S
S
■a
■a
E
•a
•a
B
to
•a
•a
B
Aliei
Res
Stra
Agrict.
Manfc.
Comm.
k4
15
Q
St. George . . .
1580
248
400
345
480
593
880
42
101
72
76
87
7
36
Hamilton .
1651
133
202
225
295
3581 497
75
201
21
26
7
19
Smith . .
1281
73
137
111
138
184| 275
22
7
9
14
8
12
Devonshire .
1281
135
215
121
151
250
306
2')
23
31
28
3
17
Pembroke .
1281
373
514
336
468
709
982
12
47
36
50
10
35
Paget . .
1281
183
274
134
198
317
472
, ,
70
10
80
13
6
15
Warwick .
1281
224
326
191
203
415
529
, ,
226
, ,
155
12
2
Southampton
1281
114
234
188
232
302, 406
, ,
325
39
57
21
4
14
Sandy's . .
1507
188
353
330
390
518
743
332
102
97
39
8
15
Total . .
12424
1571
2655
1981
2555
3652
5210
52
12.54
501
562
290
55
169
In all, 20 Square
Miles.
VII. Number of Churches, Livings, &c. in Ilcrmudas, in 1836. fB. B.I
Name ol the
Parish.
St. George. . .
Hamilton .. .,
Smith
Devonshire .
Pembroke* .
Paget
1"
o V
Warwick . . . ,
.Sonthamptun
Sandyst . . .
Total.
U73
B5S
459
622
1691
789
914
7fi8
12G1
Value of
Living.
j6'300 sterling,
J:220 sterling
;£300 sterling.
;t'.50 sterl'mg.
.A'210 sterling,
.iioo stcrlirg
.«'2U0 sterling
^50 sterling.
Parsonage
House.
No of
Personi
the Church
will
contain.
No. of
Persons
generally
attending.
No. of
Persons
the Chapel
will
contain.
8862
None. Allow-
ance for house
included in
value of living
None.
Parsonage
House.
Not
habitable.
Parsnnage
House.
600
3.i0
25(;
370
700
400
34.'>
400
400
460
170
1:10
300
380
alio
230
2,')0
280
No Chapel,
a Building
temporally
used.
250
200
200
No. of
Persons
generally
attending.
100
120
ion
* Considerable enlargement of this Chnrcli effected diuing the year,
t Considerable enlurgement of this Church is in progress.
« o
} United.
I Ditto.
I Ditto,
I Ditto.
Vlh- 'ill
II )
lU-RMUDAS.— EIMJCATION, CRIMK ANO GAOI.S.
VIM. Schools, &c. of Hermiidns
[l'-
rom B.B. for 1836, page 127 J
!^
«M
o ^
Name of
Parish.
alary of
olmaste
olmistr
O in
Mode
If supported by
o
Public or Free School, &c.
of
Government or Volun-
tary Contributions,
i'2
is
S
Scho
Schc
■i'''
Instruction.
and Amount of each.
ag
St. George* .
Tree school, David's Isle ,
tl4
2.'i
Ordinary .
L.Assoc.— S.P.C.K.t
£14
3
Night school, col. persons
Sundnv school, ditto . .
\-
80
Madras . .
Society for P. G. V. P.X
27
Day sell, coloured childr.
10
2.5
Ordinary .
Ladies' S. F.d. Negroes.
10
Infant school ....
10
32
Infant . .
Ditto.
10
Hamilton . .
Kree school, white children
43
34
Ordinary .
1 Local Legislature and
J Dist. Com.forP.C.K.
43
. .
Sunday school, ditto
20
, ,
Smith . . .
Free school, white children
27
9
Ditto . .
Local Legislature.
27
1
Devonshire .
Sunday sch. coloured chil.
Ditto, white ditto . . .
7
24
4,5
Ditto . .
Ladies' S. Kd. Negroes.
7
,
Day school, ditto . . .
27
7
Ditto . .
Local Legislature.
27
Pembroke
Day and Sunday school for
coloured persons.
Sundav sell, white children
1.5
60
Ditto . .
Society for P. G. F. P.
15
4
Free school, ditto . . .
2fi
13
Ditto . .
Local Legislature.
26
Paget § . .
Infant school ....
23
42
Infant sch.
Ladies' Soc. P. G. F. P.
23
Day sch. coloured persons
fiO
30
Ordinary .
S P.G.F.P.&Vol.Con.
50
2
Sunday sch. white children
, .
.50
.
, .
Warwick . .
Ditto, coloured persons .
7
30
Ditto . .
Ladies' S. Ed. Negroes.
7
2
Southampton
Day school, white children
r,o
30
Madras . .
[^ocal Legislature and
Dist.Com.forP.C.K.
27
15
Ditto, coloured persons .
15
40
Ordinary .
Society for P. G. F. P.
Sunday sch. white children
, ,
.50
Ditto . .
.
. .
2
Day school, white girls .
13
7
Ditto . .
Local Legislature.
13
Sandys . .
Ditto, white children
,
20
Madras . .
....
27
Ditto ditto ....
13
20
Ordinary .
Ditto.
13
3
Sunday school, ditto . .
••
fi5
758
.
• •
* Rent of school-room, £6 10.?.
t Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
X Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts.
§ This school dissolved at the end of the year, having been kept four months.
IX
. Prisoners of Bermudas.
[B.B
]
§
No. of
Prisoners.
No. r
f Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No. of Felons.' No. of tried
Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
W
^
Male
Fm.'Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male' Fm Totl.
1 !
1828
1829
6
2
7
11
4
10
8
7
35
1
7
2
2
1
1
1
;;■
2
1
7
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
6
12
2
1
10
8
2
2
14
15
5
2
1
5
3
10
8
7
27
3
3
1
5
2
4
8
3
11
1
1 1 2
none
ditto
1830
1831
1832
1833
6
3
1
6
12
3
13
14
4
11
14
19
38
3 i 7
.. ; 5
•■ i 2
8 : 2
6
6
1
3 9
.. i 6
.. 1
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
1834
4
8
3
6 14
12 19
4 31
.. 1 ..
ditto
1835
1
ditto
1836
ditto
1837
1
Weekly cost of each Prisoner per head, 6s. 3d.
There is a convict hulk establishment at the Bermudas. The following is the latest account of its extent
and expenses. The convicts are employed in constructing naval works, &c.
Nail
P! I
1 by
« c
Volun-
tions,
s,^
t each.
^2
"s 8
^ C/]
S i*
.C.K.t
1. V. P.:
egrops.
;ure and
rP.C.K.
.ture.
egroea.
ture.
3. F.P.
ture.
3. F. P.
ol. Con.
ogroes.
re and
P. O.K.
F. P.
ture.
£14
27
10
10
43
27
7
27
16
26
23
50
7
27
15
13
27
13
mths.
s^o. of untried
Prisoners.
t/i
[ale Fm jTotl.
a
1 j 1 1 2 none
. ; . . . . ditto
6,3 9 Iditto
6 ' .. . 6 ditto
1 .. 1 j'ditto
.... jditto
. .. i .. ditto
. .. i .. ditto
ditto
BERMUDAS.— GOVERNIVIKNT AND MILITARY— FINANCES.
lis
An Account showing the Expense of the Convict Hulk Establishment at Bermuda, from the Ist of January,
to the 30th of June, 1H,37; the Labour of Convicts duriiii; thiit period ; the Niwiib'T of Prisoners confined;
and the Number of Days' Labour performed by sucli Prisoners on the Public Works. [Report of J. A.
Capper, Esq., to Lord Melbourne, 27th February, 183H. — Commons' Paper.]
Name of the
Hulk.
Station.
Expense.
Average No.
of Convicts
on Board.
1
Number of
Days' Labour
performed.
Number
of Artificers
employed.
Number
of Labourers
employed.
o <u
35
0) .
e2
Antelope . .
Dromedary .
Coromandel .
Saint George's . .
Ireland Island . .
Ireland Island . .
£2014
£2734
£3298
218
293
380
153
ir>7
157
7200
9375
7086
32016
27438
527^1
2s.
'2s.
24.
£3921
£3681
£5978
£8046
467
23661
112155
£13581
count of its extent
X. The colonists have their own Legislative As- '
SL'inbly (36) and Council of eight members. There
is no militia.
XI. Tajcs in Bermuda in 1836. [B. B.] — On Rum
and other Spirits, 2:^(/. per gallon; Wine, U. 10^. per
pipe; Cider, Ale, or Mum, 3*. per barrel, if by
inliiihitants ; double duties by all other.
I'vv'der Duty. — A tax levied on vessels the property
of colonists; taxes on personal property, 2^ per cent.,
8.C. &c.
Local Rercnues. — St. George's, 217/.; Hamilton,
101/.; Smith's, 62/.; Devonshire, 91/.; Pembroke,
369/.; Paget, 112/.; Warwick, 154/.; Southampton,
87/.; Sandy's, 152/.; Total raised from Pew
Rents, Parish Rates, Spirit Licenses, and Dog Tax.
Expended in salary of Rector, and support of Poor,
&c.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Rerenue of
Bermudas. [B.B.]— 1827, 12,234/.; 1828, 13,789/.;
1829,14,390/.; 1830, 17,902/.; 1831, 13,484/.; 1832,
14,930/.; 1833, 14,577/.; 1834, 15,408/.; 1835,
16,726/.
Rerenue of Bermudas for 1836. — Custom Duties
received under Acts passed previous to 18lh George
■l.chap. 12. 213/.; Custom Duties received under Acts
l)assed subsequent to the above, 4,389/. ; Colonial
Liquor Duty, permanent, 517/. ; Colonial Annual
Supi)ly Bilks, 5,383/. ; Parliamentary Grant, 4,049/. ;
Drawn for upon Receiver-general of Customs in aid
of Customs, Salaries, and incidental Expenses, 766/.;
Miscellaneous, 1,313/.; Total, 16,630/.
Comparative Vearli/ Statement of the Expenditure of
nermuiias.—\8-27, \(i,4Q^>l.; 1828,27,813/.; 1829,
15,834/. ; 1830, 15,445/. ; 1831, 16,201/. ; 1832,
15,406/.; 1833, 12,380/.; 1834, 14,835/.; 1835,
18,171/.
Expenditure of Bermudas for 1836. — Governor's
Salary, &c., 2,785/. ; Civil Officers, 865/. ; Custom-
house Salaries, 2,595/.; Judicial Department, 1,400/.;
Ecclesiastical Department, 1,823/. ; Miscellaneous,
9,869/.; Total, 19,437/.
Recapitulation of the Estnblishment. — Paid by Great
Britain in sterling money : Civil Establishment (ex-
elusive of Customs Department), 2,799/. ; Customs
Department, 766/. ; Judicial Establishment, 1,300/.;
Ecclesiastical Establishment, 497/. ; Total, 5,363/.
I'aid by the Colony in sterling money: Civil Estab-
lishment (exclusive of Customs Department), 852/. ;
Contingent F.xpenditurc, 1,692/.; Customs Deimrt-
mcnt, 1,828/. ; Contingent Expenditure, 190/.; Ju-
dicial Establishment, 100/.; Contingent Expenditure,
196/.; Ecclesiastical Establishment, 1,326/.; Con-
tingent Expenditure, 49/.; Miscelliinedus Expendi-
ture, 7,839/. ; Total, 14,073/. By Great Britain,
5,363/. ; by the Colony, 14,073/. ; Grand Total,
19,437/. [B.B.] The Governor's salary is 2,199/.
from parliamentary grant, 533/. from the Colony, from
quit rents 52/.= 2,784/.
British Expenditure for Commissariat Department ,
1836. [U. B.j— Provisions and Forage, 5,277/. Fuel
and Light, 89/. Miscellnncous Purchases : for Hos-
pital, 102/. ; for Commissariat, 17/. ; Total, 119/. Pay
of Persons in the Commissariat (excluding Officers
and Established Clerks), 622/. Money Allowances to
Commissariat, 145/. Rent and Contingent Expenses
I tor Commissariat, 178/. Regimental and Staff Pay
Allowances: No. 1, Pay, 7,271/.; 2, Money Allow-
ances, 380/. ; 3, Passage Money, Exjienses of Courts
Martial, and Contingencies, 129/.; 4, Half-pay, Wi-
dows' Pensions, 162/.; 5. Chelsea Pensions, 130/.;
Total, 8,072/. Pay of Commissariat O^^'icers and Es-
tablished Clerks, 837/. ; Commissariat Half-pay, 268/. ;
Total, 1,105/. Imprests to Navy Departments 24,950/.;
ditto to Convict Establishment, 861/.; Total, 41,422/.
Advanced on account of the I'^xpenses of the Com-
missioners of Compensation under the Act for the
Abolition of Slavery, and to be replaced from the
Fund upon which such Expenses are specially charged
by that Act, 406/. Total Amount, 41,828/.
British Expenditure for Ordnance Department, 18^6.
[B. B.] Money Allowances, 113/. Drafts drawn for
— Pay and Allowances Royal Artillery and Royal En-
gineers, 2,910/.; Rations and Stoppages (ditto), 1,140/;
Barrack Department — Pay, Rent, Repairs, and Con-
tingencies, 547/. ; Imprests for Storekeeper's Depart-
ment, 907/. ; Military Works, 5,354/. ; Total, 10,858/.
Grand Total, 10,971/.
i Bills are not drawn by the Commissariat expressly
for the pay and allowances of the troops, who are
usually paid in dollars received from Jamaica and
other stations. Those that are drawn are almost
entirely to pay for navy and army supplies. In the
course of the year 1836, bills to the extent of 9,000/.
for navy, and 6,518/. for army services, were drawn,
at the fixed period of H percent. Tlie amount of
I oi'Jnance drafts on the military chest is stated above.
The par of exchange is 150 percent. There is no
paper money, and the amount of coin is not ascer-
tainable.
iir>
Ji • t
THK BEKMUDAS.— COMMKRCK. STAPI.K PRODUCTS.
XII. IMPORTS. EXPORTS, AND SIIIPPINU OK BERMITDAS. [U.D.]
Great lirttaln.
North America.
West
Indies
ITnited States.
Foreign State*.
Total.
Ycari.
Val.£'
No. Tons.
Vnl.f No.
Tont.
Val.f
V«l.£
No.
Tons.
Val. £'
No.
Toni.
Val.£
No.
Tons
Men.
IrtiiH
3011)
8
11)22
47838 1 an
12.M31
4i«t.rt
44
12«.'.(i
'i-
20:104
105612
158' 16465)
1085
IH'iO
l.'s.^!)
8
233:i
44.'ii2 102 O60t)
3fi79<>
10150
22
1(127
!)6312
132 13561)
877
iHau
•^!tH7
n
UfilJ 4373H 137 1 l3.VfiJ
s 02:17
4l5fi
7
838i
11144 { 11
1105a
112265
161,17:102
1074
lri»l
2fi:it
u
■i'iH.I |H3yit 81)
7301
241)1)7
32300
55
5314
Kiftti
(1
565
70956
151) 15405
1020
IHII'J
.'•111
8
211.^2 211:1.14! 7r)
6.J02
24iy.-i
4521!)
65
(19!).^
2443
«
708
U7:t54
155 n)!57
104!)
lh.13
IHRI
H
ai.^Ul ly.-.i!)' 76
6JS\i
l!'527
3:i:uii
57
5H05.i
2510
4
45!M
7!»r40
145 14675 i
«67
IH:lt
■i|l42
7 ! IM-i l:ilrt:i, 74
il»s7
l!)66s
34:1s 1
53
5127
21)4
1
51
70166
135 126.17
84!)
iHar.
11717
« I aa33 1 17:t3H] 71
5312
loes.-i
3243!)
50
50I.H
13.52!) 16
2fi58
77ayi
146 1 5:101
!)6;i
IH»6
5487
10 1 •iSia 1 }9.m\ 6-2
ifi^O
I9U32
37137
48
46y7
^415 4
720
01881
124 12723
7!)3
1837
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF HERMUDAS.
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1 833
1834
1835
1830
1837
7051
8410
7.';6
1217
43
3580
2668
11605
14S6l
294} 12228 1114 131771 12695
477 16227 50
67Uii211)8l 136
517 1:1212 106
10650 1:12
364
58
1900
1661
4104 , 84
3849 83
2409 81
3626 68
4359 9897 I
1 5:167} 3779 S37
9846 8638
9 1 18 101165
7-">:li 1 1 Ihfi
7256 , 7515
7227
6063
41.59
WS2
1375
1649
4837 ' 3401
5408 2830
73
"917
51
5367
48
5,501
50
5874
49
4837
43
4.509
49
5129
3316
23
1902}
9,5291
160
15:174S
1066
27
2478
:).'.6o2
152
15231
1275
21
1789i
28033
16<,
178*7
202
3
201
27429
162
15931
745
13
1,522
25287
163
16441
103
6
646J
•20954
142
14138i
250
!l
1101
15!CJ3
142
r.1252
876
11
1408
22117
118
15044
853
• '
27262
126
12853
1015
1027
10H8
1066
1080
91(i
878
1IH2
805
From Elsewhere in 1835, 281/. ; 1836, 513/.
XIII. The cedar grows to a great height in many
places, and would seem in several parts to spring
from the bare rock ; it is used for ship-building ; the
palmetto is much cultivated for the making of straw
lints, but arrow-root seems to be the staple of the
island, and machinery has recently been imported for
its preparation ; coffee, cotton, indigo, tobacco, &c.,
are grown as good as in the West India islands, as do
also all the fine fruits and vegetables of the tropics.
There are no wild animals, the feathered tribe is con-
fined to a few varieties, but the sea around teems with
fish, viz. the mackarel, mullet, hamlet, hine, grouper,
porgy, rockfish, &c., and the whale is pursued with
great animation, and killed for the sake of his oil and
bone.
Produce, Stock, kc.
, of Bermuda, In I
836.
[B.B.]
No. of Acres of Land in each Crop. | No. of Stock.
Quantity of Produce.
Price of Produce.
si
°^\
i
jS
a
■i i
I'arihhcs.
i
en
B
< .
<-. a.
op
c « i
1
1
bo
Of
i
3
.S 3
a u .
t1 0-
.2
c
ft
i
1
B
ei
cs
>
c
1
a
a
CO
OS
0. of Ac
ciiltivat
DIM'S.
c
c
d r.
^1
e
c
c
£
>
a
■a
s
.0
g
arley, p
anion V
per
<
CL. n
U
0.
H
'A X
X
« C
<
3,
bh
<
0.
». rf.
B ■■!
1
i
1 lbs.
lbs.
bush.
lbs. ». (1.
». rf.
S. ll. .«, (/.
St. George ..
^
65
38 i
20
710
124
746 ; 23
200 15 60 1 1050
278OO
1950
28
12740; 7
1
5
5 6 li
Hamilton ..
3
33
27 2
10
30
75
1546 12
175 .. , 16 2300
16310
1940
23
8950 5
1
4
8 H
Smith
1.1
Pi
13
SJ
51}
29}
1200 18
114| li 8| 5600
8000
1335
, ,
35300 8
1
4
.. H
Devonshire. .
^
2.<
7J U
3
42
15
1224 18
139
■ ■'■ 3| 1000
15!)9
307
25
598 6
1
4
4 1
Pembroke . .
7
21
18i ..
6i
167}
34}
1079 39I 200
4 261 3303
885
1915
25430; 8
1
5
.. 1
Paget
2i
!>•)
21 i 2 J
i-ii
47i
12:13} 35 235|I0 16 12100
3530
5200
28:i
4f)600 4 8 10
6 8
5 2
Warwiclt
4
4-1
37
3i
*7
100
66
1115 1 12 -,0140 26 32000
3500
3300
29
47000 8
1
4 6
5 If
Southampton
5i
m
46
41
21
59
69 ,1153 1 2,' 29015 3li 40OOOI 2000
3000
120
900 10
1
5 6
5 1}
Sandys
36i
•27i
81
4
r.i
425 156
926 . 16
21210 6ril9310|13075
8OO6
46
7910 9
1
4 7
5 2
Total....
m
160}
289i
18J
S7j
1584}
616}
9476}; 201
1
1835
95
247
216663
76699
26953
554
185428
•734
1
4 94
1 2 14
Manufactures, Mines, Sfc. 1836. [B.B.] There were
eight ships built in the colony this year, of 6H1 tons
burthen. The only manufactures are arrow-root,
straw and iialmetto plat and hats, and other such
articles, made of straw or the palmetto leaf. There
is an inconsiderable whale fishery carried on in Ber-
muda, that employs about 12 whale boats, and their
crews, three months in the year. The number of
whales seldom exceeds 20 in the season, yielding
about 1,000 barrels of oil. This fishery being carried
on very near the land, is capable of considerable ex-
tension, at small risk, by the employment of addi-
tional capital. The reel's that surround the islands
abmiiid in fish of great variety ; and the inhabitants j
Ijciiig in general exceedingly well supplied with it at j
all seasons, it constitutes a considerable portion (if
their food ; there is not, however, any *'oh cured for
exportation.
Produce of Bermudas. [B. B.]
Years.
Onions.
Arrow
Root.
Potatoes.
Barley.
Garden
Vegetable
Ibii.
lbs.
bushels.
bushels.
lbs.
1830
328830
I8174
10404
4:i51
65800
1831
L"23107
77153
17985
606
19:1545
1832
253400
34833
19171
599
l6R2fi8
1H33
291.550
44651
46959
589
206520
18:l4
307150
54471
25853
498
169295
1835
478881
67575
25980
427}
284285
18:i6
216663
71699
26953
554
18542H
1837
ToUl.
e
No.
Tont.
Men.
3
IM
Ifi4(]ftj
inH.'i
•i
i:r2 i:).')fi!)
«;7
.%
1(11 l.-HOJ
1074
(i
Ift!) isios
iiwt
4
IA.1 Kiis;
104!)
I4.Vl4(i7SiJ
I)fl7
(i
13.'. iafl.17
H4i)
I
140 in^ioi
<Mkl
1
124
127-J»
7a3
ieolifl;)743
ir.'.'! 152:1 1
llii.|17H:i7
ifij iMjai
Hi:)! 11)441
I4'.>|i4rj!<^
142 1 .1252
1 51144
12HS3
1015
1027
lOHX
\im
1I)H()
yiii
878
IIS2
805
tables of the tropics,
eathcrcd tribe is con-
ea around teems with
lamlet, hine, grou|ier,
hale is pursued with
lie sake of his oil and
Price of Produce.
ll.S. ll.
II ,1
n 1
1
II 1
III I
h '
lo 1
|o !i
1
1
». rf.
5 I)
4
4 I)
4
5
6 8
4 6
5 6
4 7
4 n
U I 0)
s 3
s. d.
4
5
5
5
5
■v, d.
li
II H
n H
II I
II I
2
H
li
2
12 1.^
[iderable portion nf
any f'Sa cured for
l[B.B.]
Barley.
Garden
Vcjjetablc
bushels.
lbs.
41154
65b00
(!06
193545
599
Ifi826H
S8IJ
2(lfi520
498
lfiy295
427i
284285
5, ',4
18542K
liOOK II.— POSSESSIONS IN SOUTH AMJCllKA.
CHAPTER I.— BRITISH GUIANA.
Section I. British Guiana, embracing the settle-
ments on therivcis l^sseijuibo, Denienira and Bcrbice,
and covering an area of nearly 100,000 sipiare niilos.
Under the Denicrara mid KHseipjibo districts, 70,000
si|uare miles ; and within the Bcrbice territory, 2.'), 000
ditto. Extends about 200 uiilos from K. tn W. along
that alluvial portionof the South American Continent
termed the ' Main,' which is formed by tlie deltas of
tlic rivers Amazon and Orinoco, having for its boun-
daries on the E. tlie mouth of the river Courantyn,
in latitude 6.10. N. longitude 56. 2.'). W.; on the
W. the boundaries of Colombia, lietween the Haryma
and Pomeroon rivers, about latitude 8. N. longitude
60. W., and to the southward, or inland, about 100
leagues, or perhaps to a mountain range (the Cordil-
leras) extending on the eastward to within two de-
grees of the equator, Smne consider the river Bary-
ma, in latitude S.S.'j. N. longitude 60.10. W., the
Western boundary ; others the Pomeroon river, lati-
tude 7.40. N. longitude 58..'i0. W. ; but the limits
have never yet been completely settled.
II. The territories on this coast arc called, 1st, Spa-
nish; 2nd, British ; ;<rd, French, and Ith, Portuguese
liuifimi. The Isl lying on both sides of the Orinoco,
and extending S. and S. \V. to the Rio Negro, and
the Portuguese settlements, is bounded on the K. by
the river Baryma in 8..'i0. N. latitude, 60. .S. W. longi-
tude. 2nd. British (formerly Dutch) Guiana des-
cribed in the text ; and 3rd, French Guiana (called
Cayenne, from the name of the island on which the
chief town stands) extends from the boundary of
British Guiana on the W. to Vincent Pincon's Bay,
near Cape North, in latitude 2.35. N. longitude 51.
\V. ; (this bay the Portui^uese have confounded with
the bay of the great river Oyapoko, which joins the
sea in N. latitude 4.35., W. longitude 51.20.) and 4th,
Portuguese Guiana, it is alleged, extends from Cape
North, between the parallel of 1 and 2.25 N. latitude,
to the junction of the great river Amazon with the
Rio Negro or black river, thus cutting off the southern
parts of French, British, and Spanish Guiana, from
51. to nearly 65. W. longitude, 800 miles, and having
for it-i S. and S.W. boundary the great river Amazon.
A detail of the early history of this part ot the
South American Continent would be out of place in
a work whoso chief object is to enable the British
public to form a correct view of the position, magni-
tude and importance of our colonies ; the leading
points of the European settlement and English acqui-
sition will therefore suffice. So early as 1580, the
Dutch attempted to form small settlements along this
coast on the banks of the Amazon, Orinoco, and
Pomeroon rivers (for trading purposes), on the latter
named river they had a factory called A'/Vkh) Zrnland,
and in 1581 the States-General of Holland privileged
certain individuals to trade to tho coast. These pro-
ceedings were viewed with a jealous eye by the Spa-
niards, who, aided by the Indians, drove the Zea-
landers from their stvtion ; the persevering character
of the Dutch would not allow a first check to daunt
their efforts, their commander, Joost Van Den lloog,
succeeded in gaining possession of a snudl island at
the junction of the Mazerooni and Cayuni, called
Kykoveral ; and in 1602, Jan Van Poere, a native of
Flushing, attempted to open a trade with the Indians
of the Orinoco, but was defeated by the Spaniards ;
the /ealanders, however, about this time, etfected a
settlement on the banks of the Essequibo, in 1613
they reported their colony to be in a nourishing con-
dition, and in 1621, the Dutch government undertook
to supply the colonists with negro slaves from Africa;
for the prosecuting of which trade a company was
formed and a monopoly granted. Jan Van Pecre,
with his companions, when driven by the Spaniards
from the Orinoco, commenced colonizing on the
banks of the Berbice river, and cleared a large extent
of territory between the rivers of Berbice and Cou-
rantyn. In 1657, the Zcalanders colonized on the
river Pomeroon and the creek Morocco, and erected
thereon the towns of New Zealand and Ni'w Middle-
burgh. Esseciuibo, in 1665, was taken by the Eng-
lish, and afterwards plundered by the French ; but
both were expelled from the Dutch settlements, in the
following year, by an expedition from Holland. It is
said that, in 1662, after its settlement, the whole coast
was ceded by Charles II. to Lord Willougbby, the
then Governor of Barbadocs, who named the principal
river wherein I'aramaribo is situate, and, in fact, the
whole colony. Surnj\mm (in honour of the Earl of
Surry, the term being afterwards changed into Surri-
nnm), and that the colony was purchased from the
heirs of Lord Willoughby by the British crown, and
exchanged with the Dutch Government for New Hol-
land, in North America (now New York). In 1669,
the whole of Dutch Guiana was transferred from
certain gentlemen in Amsterdam, Flushing, &c., who
claimed to be proprietors, to the Dutch West India
Company. In 1712, the French took possession of
Berbice, by force, from the Dutch projjrietors ; but,
in 1714, returned it to its former owners, on the pay-
ment of a sum of money. At this period, the Stetes-
General contracted for the supply of negroes to the
colony, in the proportion of two-thirds male and
one-third female, at the rate of 250/. each.
In 1720, the propriety rs of Berbice, not having a
capital equal to the cultivation of which the colony
was capable, raised a fund of 3,200,000 florins, divided
into 1,600 shares of 2,000 florins each, to be employed
solely in cultivated sugar, cocoa, and indigo ; 50 per
cent, was to be repaid in 1724, the remainder when
required by the directors, who consisted of seven
proprietors (afterwards increased to nine) of 20,000
florins each, residing at Amsterdam ; the former pro-
prie<.ors of Berbice were also to be paid 800,000
florins, or allowed to purchase 400 shares. From this
period the colonies rapidly flourished and extended;
f!
»<i
IIH
UHITISH GUIANA.-
M:«
cotrie i;iiltivatii)ii wan introdiitwl from Suriimm, niiil
n tort built at the junction of tho Cnnji'. A |inssii;!c
from the riviT Ainnzon to tlic I'.sHciniiho was disco-
vorcd ill I7;tr>, l)y a I'ortuKui'sc, iiniiu'd Silvadf Hosa,
who luid been private secretary to the Viceroy of
Uracil ; but, ImvinR killed n iiolilomaii in a duel, lu-
lled with Komu iie|.MMeA in a canoe alon^ tliu Ilio
ItrancH, Tacusa, Moan, and across the lake Aniuca;
thence entering the Uippanouny, and finally reaching
K.ise(|uil)o.
In 1711, the planters nt Kssequibo, thinking the
low lands near the »ea more productive than the
upper country, over whic h they hud previously set-
tled, l)e);an emiRratitiK to the tornur ; and, in I7I:'>,
the Directors of the (,'hamher of Zealand gave perrnis-
sion to form plantations on the uninhabited coast of
the river Detnnrara. A most disastrous ne(;ro insur-
rection took ))lace in Herbice, in \TM, from which
the colony was not relieved until after eleven months
desolation, and only then by the arrival of a strong
Kjuadron from Holland. Courts of policy and of
civil and criminal justice were established for Deme-
rara 177.'*, on an island named llorsden, about liO
miles uj) the river; but, the following year, the seat
of government was lemoved from thence to Uic east
point of the mouth of the river, and named Stabroek,
now George Town. In 17H1, the colonies on the
E»se(iuibo and Demerara were placed under the pro-
tection of Great Britain, by a sipiadron of Admiral
Lord Rodney's fleet; but, in 17h3, the French took
temporary possession of the whole Dutch settlements,
which, in I7'.)ri, surremlered to the British forces
under the orders of Sir Kalph Abcrcrombic, and com-
manded by Major-tien. White. These settlements
were, however, restored to the Dutch by the treaty of
Amiens, in 1H{)2, but again taken possession of by
England on the breaking out of the war in 1hO.'< ;
since which period they have belonged to Great Bri-
tain. In 1 SI 2, all distinctions between the colonies
of l'!sse(piibo and Demerara, whether of jurisdiction or
otherwise, were abolished — the ollice of commander
of Ksseepiibo was done away with, the courts of civil
and criminal justice of both colonies united at Deme-
rara, and the judicial established at Fort Island dis-
continued ; the name of the capital was also changed
from Stabroek to Gcorj? Town, and a hoard of police
appointed for its internal management, the fmancial
representations of Demerara and Kssecjuibo combined
with the College of Kiezers, and the right of suffrage
extended to all persons paying income tax on 10,000
florins, or possessing 25 slaves. In 1807, the slave-
trade was only finally abolished. By an additional
article to a convention signed at London, August 13,
1814, Demerara, Esscquibo, and Berbice were finally
ceded to Great Britain, with the condition that the
Dutch proprietors had liberty, under certain regula-
tions, to trade with Holland. The year 1>*IH wit-
nessed the first introduction of trial by jury and the
commission of oyer ft terminer. In 1820, alter
much angry dispute relative to tlif enormous and
illegal exactions of fees, a tariff of the same was fixed,
and a petition to the crov/n, praying for an enrpiiry
into judicial abuses, agreed to, which entpiiry was
ordered. A serious insurrecti(m of the slaves took
place on the cast coast of the Dtmerara river, in 1S23,
which was finally suppressed, and Mr. Smith, a Mis-
sionary of the London Society, condemned to death
for inciting the negroes to rebellion — a sentence
which was commuted at home to total banishment
from the West Indies : Mr. Smith died in prison
pending the sentence. In 1831, the colonies of Dc-
IIISTORY AND ACQUISITION, (iKOfiRAI'llY.
merara, I'ssequibo, and Berbice were united into one
government, and called British (iuyann.
(iovernors of British (iuyann — Demerara and Kh.
seipiibo. — (iov. Beaujon, from capture In \T)Ci to
restoration in 1h(I2; Lieut. Col. Nicholson, Acting
(iov. from capture in IN03 to arrival of (iov. Beaujon,
IMOJ; Gov. Beaujon, from IH0» to October, iMO.'i;
Hrig. (ien. Montgomery, Acting CJov., from (iov.
Beaiijon's death, in iNOri, to arrival of Lieut. Gov.
Bentinck, lHO(i; Henry l<entinck, K»(|., Lieut. Gov,
iVom I HOC. to August, 1H07 ; Brig. Cien. Montgomery,
and Col. Nicholson, Acting Govs, during absence of
Lieut. (i.)v. Bentinck, August, 1807, to end of IHOH;
Henry Bentinck, l'",s(|.. Gov., January, IHO'.I to 1H12 ;
Major (jcn. (.'arniichnel and Major Gen. Murray, Act-
ing Govs. 1812 to 1813, on absence of Gov, Bentinck ;
Major (ien. Muriay, Lieut. Gov., 1818 to 1824;
Major Gen. Sir B. 1). I'rban, Lieut. Gov., 1824 to
1H31 ; Major Gen. Sir B. D. I rban, (iov. of British
(iuiana, 1831 to I8:i3 ; Lieut, Col. Chambers and
Col. Sir C. l". Smith, Acting tiovs. 1833, on resigna-
tion of Sir B. I). Urban ; Major Gen. Sir J. C. Smyth,
(iov. June, 1833, to March, Ih38; Major Orange,
Acting Gov. 1838, on death of Sir J. C. Smyth;
Henry Light, Vm\. from May, 1838.
Berbice. — Gov. Van Bateid)urg, from capture in
1790 to restoration in 1802; Lieut. Col. Nicholson,
Acting (lOV. from capture in 1803 to 1804 ; Gov. Van
Batenburg, from 1804 tol8()(;; Lieut. Col. Nichol-
son and Brig. (ien. Montgomery, Acting Govs, from
end of 180(1 to l.sd'j ; William \Voo<lley, l''.s(i. Lieut,
Gov. from March, l80'J, to January, IHIO; Major
Gen. Dalryniple, Acting (jov. IslO ; Uobert Gordon,
Kstj. Lieut Gov. end of HIO to middle of 1812;
Brig. (ien. Murray, Acting (iov., 1812 to 1813, mi
irovernnr's alisencc ; Uobert Gordon, I'"s(|. Lieut. Gov.
February to June, 1813; Major Grant, Acting (iov.,
1813, on Lieut. Gov. Gordon's resignation; Mnjur
Cicn. John Murray, Lieut. Gov. August to December,
1813 ; Major Grant, Acting (iov. December, 1813, to
Jar.uary, 1814; H. \V. Bentinck, Ksq. Lieut, (iov.
January, 1811, to November, 18211; Major Thistle-
thwayte and (.'ol. Sir Jiio. Cameron, Acting Govs.
NovcuiImm-, 1820, to March, 1821, on death of Lii nt.
(iov. Bentinck ; Harry Beard, Fs(|. Lieut. (Jov, Mum \\
1821, to March, 182.'); Major (ien. Sir B. D. Urban,
Acting Gov. March, 182.'>, to July, 1820, on Lieut.
(ii'V. Beard's absnice ; Henry Beard, ICsii. Lieut (Idv.
July, 1820, to union of the colony with Demerara and
F.ssef|uil)o, in 1831, as British (juiana.
HI. With the exception of ranges of sandstone hills,
(some on the west bank of the Demerara river from
100 to 1,'')0 feet high, and nearly perpendicular) ex-
tending 20 to 30 miles inland, and rarely more than
40 or .''lO feet above the level of the rivers and creeks;
the whole country inhabited by the Europeans is per-
fectly flat and alluvial, bfni-inir a striking resemblance
to Holland and Flanders, and, like those countries,
drained by canals and sluices, with lofty dikes or
mounds of mud, of considerable thickness, embanking
each estate, and kept, together with the numerous
bridges, in repair by the proiirietors of the land in
which they are situate.
As the country is ascended from 80 to 100 miles
inland, its fine savannahs are interrupted by, in some
places, a beautiful hill and dale territory, varied with
high and fre(|uently rocky land — jirescnting a strong
contrast to the rather monotonous scenery which a
dead flat possesses, and which those who have visited
Bengal and the delta of the Ganges, as contrasted
with the upper provinces, will readily understand.
lY.
vTv united into one
lyntia.
-i)iim'riirn mid !•'.»-
■npfiirc in M'Jfi tn
NiclicilRon, Artinu'
in\ of (iov. Druiijoii,
to October, IHO:. ;
(lOV., from (iov,
vnl of Lieut, (iov.
, l''.ii(|., l.ieut. (iov.
(ifh. Montgnnii'ry,
(ImiiiR iihsi'iR'u of
• 7, to end of IHOh ;
Miry, 1N(I!» to IMl'J ;
■ (lin. Miinny, Act-
L' of (iov. Bentinrk ;
v., IHIH to 182J ,
.■ut. Gov., IH'JJ to
mn, (iov. of Hnti.Hli
Jol. Ciinmbers nml
I. 183.3, on icsisna-
rn. Sir J.C. Smyth,
}H ; Major Oranpc,
Sir J. C. Smytli;
8.
;, from cnptiire in
Hit. Col. Nift\oiHon,
I to 1804 ; Gov.Vnn
l.ieut. Col. Nicliol-
Acting Govs, from
oodlcy, l''.s(i. I.it'iit.
unry, 1810 ; Mnjur
; Uohi'rt Oordoii,
;o middle of 1S12;
, 1812 to 1813, nil
Dii, Ks(|. Lieut. Gov.
irnut, Acting Gov.,
resi<;i)ation ; Mnjur
upust to December,
December, 1813, to
, Ksf|. Lieut, (iov.
211 ; Major Thistle-
ron, Acfinij; Govs.
on death of Lieut.
Lieut, (iov. MiiK h
Sir H. D. Urban,
y, 1826, on Lieut.
d, I'x]. Lieut Gov.
\Miii Demernra and
ua.
of .sandstone hills,
|en\erara river from
Ijjerpendicular) ex-
rnrcly more than
rivers and creelis;
Kuropeans isper-
jiking resemblance
those countries,
|th lofty dikes or
.■kness, embanking
Itb the numerous
l>rs of the land in
80 to 100 miles
lupterl by, in some
ritory, varied with
fcscnting a strong
scenery which a
who have visited
trs, as contrasted
lulily understand.
IWllTLSll ail.VNA.— GWKIIIAPIIY.
Further »outhw«rd, at the Coomarow I'lill ivide river
I'.ssequlbo), the unuiitic tableland belongiu;; to the
Corddlera riMC« to the height of fi.dlto fei t above the
level of the seo, at ;i,(M)() milex distant from t!ie o<ean.
The whole face of the coast of (iuiana, troui the
Maranon to tlie Orinoco, is low, and peui rally bor-
ilered with a sandy llat, cxiendiui; far out to seaward;
moreover tlii' various lar'.,'e nvcrs by whicli it is inter-
sected, contniually brim; down from the upper coun-
try vast (piuutities of alluvial nnitter, which, on depo-
sitiiiB. forn» a nwirgin of low ^'round, coveri'd with
mariKrovo bushes, appearini; an inarces«il)le barrier at
luw water, but coiupletily hidden at full tide. About
.5(10 paces within these mangroves, the low anil li'vel
KUvaiuuth.H couunenee, extemliug irregularly inland,
and every where iutersettcd by rivers, rivulets and
creeks, with a dense, luxuriant and nuiguilieent vege-
tation. The alluvial llat may be considered to termi-
nate at the sand-hills, the general breadth from the
sea being about 30 miles, although the tirst indica-
tions of rock are about 70 miles iidand from George
Town, consisting of apparently a pcupbyritic sand-
stone under water. The plantations are regidarly
ranged on either side of the great rivers, or along the
coast, in allotments of from 'itto to 1,000 acres each.
The Dutch West India Company parcelled the allor-
meiits out into .")0() acres conditional grants, with an
additional ."iOO acres behind the fir-.t allotment, when
two-thirds of the latter were cultivated. Sales and
divisions of patrinnmy have caused some changes in
the area of the estates, 'i he dwelliug-lioiises, ele-
vated on piles of timber, arc generally close to the
river's brink, with u wharf (u- landing-place, opposite,
for the convenience of shipping produce ; buildings
of ditl'erent descriptions arc scattered about in every
direction ; sugar-mills driven by wind, or by steam,
and on the coll'ee plantations, logics or barns, three
stories high, form a picturesipie prospect, in addition
to the numerous bop.ts sailing up and down tlie rivers
and creeks; while the insulated, well-tilled planta-
tions, excellent brick-made and avenued roads, with
numerous white bridges, atl'ord a most pleasing indi-
cation of an industrious and intelli';eut community.
The physical aspect of the colony .nay be further
judged of by its Hirers. The three great rivers within
Hritish Guiana, are the Esseipiibo, Demcrara and
Berbice, with their numerous tributaries : to begin
with the most westerly, the Esskquiuo, situate nine
miles west of the Demerara river, at its embouchure
from one side of the main land to the other, is from
15 to 20 miles wide, and covered with many beautiful
low, and bushy islands, with shoals or sandy spits, ex-
tending from the north parts of the islets a considera-
ble distance to seaward, and dividing the navigation
into four separate channels. The most eastern island
is termed Leguan, (containing 24 sugar estates), be-
tween which and the east side of the river is the ship
channel, a wide passage, but much encumbered with
slioals ; to the westward is a long and narrow island,
called VVakenaam, containing 18 sugar estates, its
dimensions are about nine miles long and 3 broad ; to
the north-west of the latter and near the west shc<,„s
is a small islet, termed Tiu:''r Island (containing three
sugar estates) . Hog Island, 's the largest intheEs-
sequibo ; its south end extends nearly to Fort Island.
A succession of other islands (one termed Fort Island
about 1.5 miles from the mouth), extend to the south-
ward and further up the river, from 2ri to 30 miles,
between all of which there are channels, but from the
extensive deposits of mud, it is difficult to state the
soundings for any length of time, the depth of water
119
on the whole coast helti); cnntinually undergoing ■
change, ac'iirdiiig to the heavineits of the rain* or the
iluriitioii ol the winds that blow on the shore. Front
Fori hill nil, '\u' i^nseipiibo runs marly south for about
.10 miles, will re it is joined by tin large river Cayiini,
whicli runs nearly south west, afterwards nortli went
through the province of Colombian (iuyaiia, where it
is supposed to join some of the interior braiicbes of
the (jrii'ocu ; a little further, or inland, the Ksseipiibo
is joined by the Ma/iarooni river, wbieli makes a con-
siderable sweep to the north west, and then returns
>() as to I'orin a large peninsula, inclosing lofty moun-
tains and considerable creeks or rivuti ts ; indeed for
so miles iiila>id the breadth of the Mazarnoni is so
great, and the wooded islands and creeks so nume-
rous, that it has more reseuiblance to a lake than a
liver, and the iiillueiice td' tlu' tides is felt, at least in
the Ksseipiilio, 100 miles from the ocean.
The Dkm.mi.mi.v llivKH, is situate to the south east
of the Esseipiibo, 1(> miles from Legiian island, and
about .'i? miles westward of the bur of the Ikrbice
river, in (i.io. N. Lat. and .'^p7.4.'i \V. Lon„. nearly
three miles hr.iad at rs mouth, and becom' ,g nar-
rower as it is ascended. The apital of BriV di Gui-
ana, in lat. t')..|;).20. N. ..ing. .'i8. 11.30. f.ight-house]
W. fornierly called SUibroek, now . ailed (ieorge
Town, is situate amidst a den>-^ folia; , on its E. or
right bank, about one mile and a hall from a small
fortitication, built of mm', iiid faseii ■., with tw >w
platforms, and termed Eoit William Frederick, 'fit
were not for the tropical scenery around f •.. ge
Town, it might be mistaken for a Dutch city o: cept
close to the river tlic houses, raised on supports to
prevent damps, are widely scatter \ ' lilt of wood,
alter the Dutch style with a stun i, con urcd accord-
ing to the fashion of the owne i, siiriiunded by a
garden and lofty trees, and sepurated from each othei
by canals, dykes, or lofty mud embankments. The
most ancient part of the capital Sliihr(ie,'i, runs back
from the river towards the forest, coi sisting of two
rows of bouses full a mile long, with a broad and
shaded road between them, and a canal in the rear of
each line of houses, commiinicatii.^ >.itli the river.
In conse(|uence of the scarcity of fresh water, each
house is jirovided with a large ci.stern,and pipes lead-
ing into it, for the preservation of rain water. The
barracks, hospitals and public buildings in Demerara,
arc in evidence of the laste and munificence of the
colonists, at whose cost they have been erected.
Genrf^e Town, is divided into districts, thus : Kings-
ton, joining Fort W'-'bam Frederick ; Cumingsburgh,
North and South- ■• \,engen, which is subdivided
into Robs Town anu ■ .ucey's Town. Stuhroek, a dis-
trict in itself, and ancient part of the Dutch capital ;
also en Rust and Charles Town, which are bounded
by plantation I :\ I'enitence ; to the eastward of Fort
William Fre i.ck, is situated Camp House, the resi-
dence of ' ,• gcvernor, a few hundred yards to the
cast o. w.iici is the residence of the ordnance store-
keeper. Between Camp House and the ordnancce
department, a little to the south, are placed two
splendid hospitals, with kitchens, cisterns, &c. for the
military ; nearly opposite to which, the new military
barracks have been lately erected ; they cannot be
surpassed in accommodation in any part of her ma-
jesty's dominions ; two for the men and officers, with
kitchens, servants' apartments, cisterns, &c. &c. To
the east of the ordnance department, are the quarters
of the engineers' ; and adjoining the engineers' quar-
ters are the York and Albany barracks, built by the
colony, for the accommodation of 200 men and odi-
1 M
nniTISH GUIANA.— OFOCIRAPHY.
|i: r<
IP
ccrs. Fncing tlio river, in tlip distrli't of Stnhroi'k,
tu'W |)iif)lic biiililinys of l)rii'ks, stuccoi'il, linvu \wvu
ert'cti'tl by tlu' colony to nccoiuinoilnto all tho public
olVu'crs ; tbcy bovccost the colony upwards of fiO, 000/.
stfiliiii; : near to the latter is the Scotch chinch, n
very handsome modern building, to the eastward of
which is the town s'lard-honse, X;c. The river is na-
vigable by ships of bnrdcn for 100 miles np, as far as
the cnteracts, and atVordiiip; an excellent harbour, ca-
pable of holdin;; the whole navy of (.Jrcat Britain;
but unfortunately the bar will not allow vessels that
<lraw more than IS feet to t;o over it. For 'M) miles
inland, alon^ the banks of the Demerara river, the
country consists of extensive level meailowsnr savan-
nnb.s ; several sand-bills then appear, and as the river
is nsceiuled, the country bceonu's more broken and
mountainous.
The iieneriil direction of the river, ascciulinR it, is
south, with a slij^ht inclination to east ; the rapids in
n slraii^lit line, beinj; not more than "0 lMij;lish sta-
tute ndles south by east of (Jeor);e Town, but lOl'i by
the course of the river. The dilferenee of level be-
tween the water above and below the rai)ids is only
12 feet, and the river describes at tben\ n very consi-
derable ari' of a j'ircle, the chord of which is about
one mile and a half; the rapids are descended .safely
in sn\all canoes.
The Ui.iiiucr. Kivv.u. Fifty-seven ndles cast ofthe
Demerara, renebe.s the Atlantic in C.i! I N. l.at. ; at
its luxuriant lookin;; entrance, a little to the north of
Fort St. Andrew, it is about three nules wide, with
low cleared land on both sides, covered with trees,
and at a distance resendiles a nuud)er of islands. In
the middle channel lies t'rab island ^so called from
its nmnerous crabs), about one mile in circumfer-
ence, with a spit of land runnini;out to the north and
south dividing the river into two naviijablc channels ;
the cast with 17 to L'O feet, the west with but ei(;ht
to 13 feet water. F.ij^bt miles north of Crab island is
H bar of sand, with only seven fi'Ct on it at low water,
thus lessening; the importance of the harbour. Neap
tides at Herbice rise fron\ eijjht to nine feet, and springs
II feet; in September before the ccpnnox, tlu'y rise
I.') feet; the Hood sets strou); to the west, and the
ebb to the east. The times of high and low water at
fidl and chaniic of moon alonj; this coast are, seven
miles olV Brain's point :'ib. ; at Hram's point, .Mi.;iOm.;
otr Fort Amsterdam, Cdi. lOm.; I'ort /eclandia, 7li. ;
nt Demerara bar, (generally ut half-past four; and at
Fort Frederick, at iive.
There arc several small crcek.s on the coast, hut
navij^able only by boats, and a shallow (lat exfendin,:;
along the shore renders it in\possible for vessels, ex-
cept those of small draught, to approach within a
league of the coast. Moderately si;',i'd ships can go up
the river Hcrbice as far as Fort Nassau, which is at
the distance of .''lO nnles in n straight line frimi the
entrance, an<I vessels drawing 11 feet water may, it is
said, sail 200 miles up the hcrbice. The ('ai\jce river,
or creek, waters the Hcrbice district, and is navigable
for schooners, for .''O miles, but its course is then im-
peded liy falls and cataracts. About ■•() miles below
its head there is a creek, commmncaling with the
Courantyn river, by which dcipatcbes have been con-
veyed Iron) Surinam to llritish (iuiana by the Indians.
The banks ofthe river are low, and covered with nu-
merous plautatioris, as also along the liO miles of sea
coast territory of Hcrbice, the roads through which,
close along the sea coa«t, connnnuicating with Dcme
rara, are kept in cxcelK'nt repair at the expense of
(he individual proprietors through whose CHtnte they
pass, and may be said to be almost entirely formed of
brick. The cftrly Dutch settlers constructed a for
tress .'SO nnles up the river, called /elandica, but this
was subsecpiently abandmied, ami New Anisterdaiii
built on the side of the river C'anjee, at its contluenee
with the river Hcrbice, two miles above Crab island,
on the east bank of the river, where it is intersected
by cam\ls, and has all the advantage of the tides.
Three strong batteries protect the entrance of the
river ; two on the K. side, and the other, York Hcdoid)t,
on the W. siile, opposite t'rab Island. Fort St. An-
drews, lu'arly four miles from the entrance of the
river, and two fron» New Amsterdam, is like Foit
William I'rederiek in the Demerara river, a small, low
fortification, cousistiTig of four bastions, surrounded
by a ditch or fosse, and momited with IH twelve-
pounders. An extensive savannah or swamp extend-t
in the rear of the fort (which is separated fnun New
Amsterdam by the Canjee river or creek), so that it
cannot becommandeil from any adjacent point. Sixty
miles F. of Hcrbice river lies the ("ourantyn, about
three miles wide at its entrance, with the navigation
obstnicteil by many suudl islands and (piieksaiuls. Th,-
islets are fertile, covered with trees, and having on the
W. side good dean anchorage in live fathoms. Tlw
\V. banks of the river (whii'li form the F. boundary
of Hcrbice) are under Hritish jurisdiction, and have a
smiling a|)pearaiu'e of cultivation. Hesides the fore-
goiug, there arc numerous other rivers, which in
tiuiana are termed nrrhs, though they would be cou-
sidere<l large rivers in Finopc. Anuing the priu<ipnl
is the Mahaica creek, about 20 miles to windward or
eastward of the Demerara, between that an<l Ahaiv
creek ; the Mahaicony is also on the I'., or windwnrd
coast, not far frou\ the Mahaica; the Hocsary is on
the leeward coast, lu'ar the Fsseipubo. Along the
interior or southern portion of the colony there are
luimherless small rivers and crei'ks, intersecting wild
and almost impenetrable Ibrests, which, during the
rainy season, empty themselves in torrents into tlic
larger rivers, F.sseipiibo, Cayuni (of which we know
very little), Maxarooni, Demerara, Hcrbice, Jtc, whiili
latter rivers generally How towards the ocimui in dis-
coloured streams at the rate of six or seven ki»ol.s mi
hour.
IV. Little is known of the geological stata of (Iui-
ana. An alluvial Hat, as before observed, extends
along the sea coast for about 30 miles inland, teriiii
natiiig at n range of sand bills. Fiforts have recently
been made to (d)tain water by boring at (ieorge Town.
In \x:U) Major Staples sunk a sbalt of 110 teet at
C'limingsbuigb ; on arriving at the micaceous siili-
stratum, indicating a primary formation, a clear sprint;
of water, strongly impregnated with iron, burst foitli,
At 12 feet below the alluvial surface, nil irregular
stratum of fallen trees (of a kind called the Couriila,
ami still known on the coa.st) was discovered, in ii
semi-carboni/.i'd itate; and, nt 10 feet depth, blue
clay ; at .'lO feet below the surface, another similar
stratum of decaying wood, 12 feet thick; nine feet
deeper, a compact of whitish grey clay; 31 ditto,
yellow sand, mixed with clay ; six ditto, vi(det -colour-
ed clay, dimiiiishing in shades to yellow light straw,
and again merging inti) slate-coloured ciny ; the re-
mainder to a depth of 120 leet from the siirlace, is
argile, the lower part being of that smooth soapy siu-
facc indicating the purest wedgewood clay. Mr. Ilill-
lioiise says, that it seems evident from this, that
."ome ages ago, this continent was babitabh' M feet
below the present sinface, and that it was then covered
with an iininense forest of (?oiiridnH, which was de
lout cntirrly formed of
?is con»triu!tp{l n fur
Ifd /oinndicn, but tliis
iiiul Now AiusttM-diini
iiijiH', at its conlluciici'
li's nhiivi" Ciali islnnd,
ivlim' it is intiTsiTti'd
n};o of till' tidt's.
't till' I'litriiui'i' of tlu'
,' otlior, Vorl< Kt'douht,
Islmid. l''ort St. An.
tlio I'litriinco of tlii'
s'crdiini, is lii\r l'"oit
iirii liver, n sinnll, low
Imstioiis, siirrouiidt'd
ili'd with IH twolvi".
lah or 8wnn)|i oxtcnds
s sppariittMl from Now
or orook), so tlint it
udjiu'oiit point. Sixty
lio ('ouriintyn, nboiit
', with tho iinvi(;»tioM
sand qiiiclvsiiiids. Tho
oos, nnd liaviii); on tho
in livo fiitlioins. 'I'ho
orin tiio !•'.. houndnry
irisdiotion, iind hnvo ii
in. Hosidos tiio foic
lior rivors, whicli m
h thoy woiihl ho ooii-
Anioni; tiio principal
niilos to windward m
,voon that and Aliarv
I tho K. or vvindwiiiil
a ; tho Hoosary is on
fsocpiiho. AloiiR the
tho colony tlioro aro
oks, iiitorsootin;: wild
s, whioli, (liirini; llio
in torronts into tho
(of which wo kiicnv
Morhioo, Jto., wliioli
rds tho oooaii in dis-
X or sovoii knots mm
i^ioal stata of Gn\.
ohsorvod, oxloiuls
iilos inland, toniii
I'orls liavo rooonlly
u' at (Joorgo Town,
lit of I ID foot at
10 iiiioaoooiis siili
latioii, a clear spriii;;
ith iron, hurst forth,
rfaco, an irrotjiilar
allod the CoiirulH,
as disi'ovcrod, in a
iO foot depth, hhio
i\ another similar
t thick ; nine foot
y clay ; 'M (litlo,
litto, violet •colour-
yellow linlif straw,
iirid clay ; the lo-
nil tho .siiitaoo, is
smooth sonpv siir-
)d clay. Mr.'llill-
t from this, tlinf
hahilalilo .^(i foot
t WHS then covorod
as, wlii<'li was do
HUITISIl C.riANA.— a|-.OI.O(1Y, MINKRAI.OOY AND SOU
stroyod hy conllnuration. as appears hy the ochrons
siih-stratiini. 'I'll.' sea must, at that time, liavo liooii
conlined to the Idiio water, wheio there is now oiu;ht
or nine falhonis; and, whatever mav have hooii the
conipaialivo level liotwoeii the I'aoilic and Allaiitic, on
this side of the l.-.||iiiiiis of Unrieii the siuliioi' niiist
have 1)0011 then .'.{) loot lower than now.' The waller
olitainod liy lioriiin is porfeolly v;ood for wasliiie; and
for eiiliiiary purposes (except for tea) after exposure
lo the air. Wells have since lu'eli sunk in varii
parts of till' ooldiiv
and water ohtiiiiied at d
Ills
.th
moiiccs, consisting of elevated riiljrcs and detached
ooiiioal liilN, rostiiii; on lia-ios of sand, stone, Kianito,
nnd silioeoiis eryslal, coiitainins n ftroat variety of
cichiosaiiil iron ores, mica, prisiiialio, lio\ai;onal crys
tills, and, ill some instances, sli>:lit indioatlons of tho
piooioiis nutals. Tlioimli it is fully a-; |iioliiililo that
nolil and silver exist in the piiinilive nioiinlaiiis of the
west, as Will as in those ol the eiisteni coast, yet no
native spociiiiens have ever heeii proiliiced hy the In-
iliiiiis within our territory. Two or throe iitlonipts at
miiiiiii; w.'io made hy the niiloli, on their fust settle
I •"" .--..-.■., mill t^Ml^l tM»Mllin'l 111 iiii'in.-* l^,.^...l^ ■•• •■. .... ,
varyiiu; from llU) tn l |.-, loel. This su|iplv has pioveil | meni in l.ssoi|uilio, hut the ore was not round worth
a irroat iidMUilau;i' to the iiihiihirants.
The dollii of the l'',ssoipuhii (iiiul, to a coiisiilerablo
extent, aloiiL; all I lie rlvorsl is decayed voi;etabh' iiiiit-
ler, forniiim a loitilo blnel. mould, on a cliivoy siib-
straliiin. As the ICs'-oipijIio is asoeiidod, the iilliiviiim
of tho estiiaiy oliaii|.,'es to white sandstone, willi
soatterod appoaraiiees of black oxydo of niiiliiTiinczo ;
to the sandsldiie b'Ispar siici-eeds, and thi'ii !,'ranile.
I lie mountain raie^'os soon on passiiii; from the l'".sso-
(piibo into the Mazarooni, appear to bo while ipiiiriz,
,'i.(tOO foot liii;h, havinvr the appoaranco of sold, from
the numerous shinmiie,' particles of mica in the ipiarl/,
wliieli i;ive tn the mass I he iippoainueo nf the precious
iiu'tals, thus formim; the larlaiiui! /'.V-horiido of the
I'hivalroiis and ill tnatod l(iileii;li. Ualoiirli's peak is
supposed to be volcanic, nnd, iicconliiiij to the Indians,
several voleaiioes exist in llio iiilcrior. particuhnlv
the expense of workiiii;. The most prnbable site of
the precious metals, is in the iiiounlains of the Atta-
ravii niul Atliimneha nations.
The roi'kv roiioii is possessed bv the Accaways and
Caribisee, iiitci spcrsi d with small selllemcnts of Ma-
coiisi and I'aramuiia ; but those latter are priiieipally
found in the dcbalcable land at the loot of the iiiouu-
tains, where they become the altoriinic victims both of
the ooast tribes and the moiiiitainoors.
Dr. Ilaneook who resided Ions; in tho interior of the
ooniilryof Dcmeraia, says I hat nolhiug of petrifactions,
sea shells or I he organic remains of niariiie aniinals has
boon observed ill I he mountains of the into' ior of Hrilish
(Jiiyana. The piiiicipiil coinponeiit parts of the inte-
rior mountains, he supposes to be i;i!iiiite, porphyry,
and their various modiliial ions, all donotiiii,- a primi-
tive I'oriiiaticin, while exteiior ranges towards the ooast
lot ween tlii' Sipaidoiiee a
lid l(
On the Deinei
ipaiiooiic livers.
ara ri\ or, the first imlication of roel
is met with at Til miles finin (ioomc Town, iiiuler
water : it appears to hi
Ihe I'ostholdi'r's (<)l miles fn
porphyrilie siunKtono. At
111 (
looriie I own'
thort
IS ii lari;o
of rooks of irranitic nalure, with some
liornblonde, ami ni the rapids, liMi
iiules, as tho crow (lies, from (ieor^;!
illiniidance of strntilied (ri'oen-stone.
mil
I'own), there is
OS up ( or 7
I'll
10 striioliire of the mountains is pri
ipnlly
iiile, with a hir^e proportion of ironstone. The \Va-
row laiiil of I'ooineroon, and the coast lands of the
whole colony, arc dosoribed by an accurate observer as
principally composed of an alluvial blue clay, intcr-
iiiixod Willi narrow strata of sand — and, on the Ma-
liaica coast, with sand and shell reefs.
This tract is particularly adapted to the ciilti\a
linn of snt;ar, cotton, and planialns, to which it is
mainly devoted ; nor does there exist in the known
world a soil possessed of such ama/iie^ richness and
I'orlility. It is never inanurod, lhoiii:li an acre has
lioen known to produi'O npwa'.ils of (i.OOO lbs. of sii-
Rar, Ol 'JO, 00(1 lbs. of farinaceous food (the plantain t,
111 II year. .\s woi;o deeper into the interior, the elay
loses its hlnotiiifjo, and trradiially beiomos yellow ; at
tins s|a|;e, it is nlways covered with a slriitiimof vef;e-
tahli' rosidunin, called pcu-as, which is the half-decayed
voRi'tablo mould from dead );rass and leaves, and is,
ill many places, several foot if'op, forming a f;roat im
podiineiit to cultivation.
I'lantains do not thrive in this land; but it is
pociiliarlv favourable to the growth of eoll'co, for which
of a minor elevation, an
chicM
V c. iiiiiosed of iiidii-
riited class, with sand nnd gravel stones; indicatin;:
iinlary
if formation. The ureat rocks of
the interior are cliielly of a colloidal tii;nrc; on a sa-
v.iniiali in 'J.-M). N. I.at. tlure is a moiinlain called
700 foil luL-h. and iiboiit 10 mi
imposed of (>»(' c'ltire sidid block of ;j:ranito,
les to Ihe N. K. is
it is principally ciillivatod, and the returns aio ai
mill o
lie
f sn|
loriiir (iiialilv,
till
I'
;iis lands, come Inodi
ridu;
iiipl
OS of sand
another still liii;hef, oallod Tiiripoor, (devil's rock) ;
they are both of the cone or pyramid shape, miioh
oxceodini; the {''.i^yptian piles In elevation and inap;ni-
liide. \'(iiis<if ipiartz r.ro very conimmi trnvorsinn
the i;!oal masses of (;ianito, and most porspiciious
iiloui!: the ohannol of the rivors in the dry soasuii, the
direction of all the strata in (iiiiana beint; almost
uniformly from N. I'",, to S. \V. Vast (pianlilies of
iron are met willi in the mountains, the soil of wliioli
(as also that of many parts of the inlirii>l\ consists
of a stroll); and fertile loam, beinj; a mixliiio of clay,
etablo mould, with lilll
oalcnroons
ill, but iniicli fcrni'duoiis mailer, Kivini; to the .soil
a reddish liniu' iu some places,
the upland savannahs is compos
verv close,
Th
111 some of
oil of clay and gravel
and llioii;;h iipparci-lly sterile, yii'ld.ii'j;
food for ihe imnienso herds of cattle nnd horses that
depasture aloioj; the Kio llraiico. Of a Vdy pure
white clay. This clay may be similar |o iho klinri
found in Iho lihai,'iilpoor district of llindoslaii. (Soo
vols. 1 .S; 'J of " h'.dsli'in Itxii
There are imineiiKO
iiilorspersed with vallios, in which is a slii;lit admix-
ture of clay. These .sand reefs present many tortile
spots for the <'iiltivation (d'cotfi'o, cocoa, ai iiilto, fruits,
Hiid yroiiiid provisions uf all kinds ; and exieiidin;;: in
tlioir direction parallel wi'!; the sea eoiisl, nre occupied
oxolusivelv by the Arawaak nation.
li) Iho south of this belt the rocky rc"ion coni-
i<
masses forminp; the hii;li banks of the Ksseciuibo above
the falls, w liioli would probably prove n valuable article
in the mannfactiire of stoiie-ware or porcoliiin, lis
would also the lint;e blocks of milk white ipiarl/ found
ill various phiees. Some indurated ciiiys, of groat
hardness, hnvobion found mixed with sand, mica, i
•nl-
eari'o'is earth, oxydo ol iron, .'vc, anioiphoiis and lull
of particles of n melallic biilliancy. Those iiidura-
lioiis, which are of vaiioiis do^roi s of hardness, lie in
hori/ontal strata, biiiikinf; into dianoiuil plates; they
are hniiid aloiij; the eil;e ol the w liter, and lU . Han-
cock thinks me caused Irmii the alternate inlluoiioo of
the HUH and water, assisted by a deposition ol hotoro-
Koiieoiis earthv matter'*. Snbstiiuces of a in 'tnllic
122
imiTISII GUIANA.— CI. I MAI K.
imtiire which hr.vo the npppnrancc of ores arc nlso
very nbundnntly met with in the moiiiitaiiis, hut still
more jilentiful niiionp; the talis and ra])icls ol' the river.
Kock crystal is fouml npon severnl nr.ountalns of De-
mcrara, prowinp:, (if it may he so said) out of beds of
quartz ; Hr. Hancock only met with one species, and
that always crystallized into hcxa;;onal columns, and
generally terminated hy a sin;;le pyramid with from
three to six faces. These columns are commonly
found solitary, hut arc sometimes met with in groups
standing together as it were agglutinated. They are
perfectly transparent, of a water colour, taking a fine
polish, and nearly as hard as agate. Red agati- is
found in the Rio Mow opposite, and not far distant
from a crystal mountain. Much of the land at Mo-
roko is thickly scattered over with siliceous gravel
stones of an iron colour. At this range of mountains
primitive rock in smaller or larger portions is every
where to he seen ; no traces of a secondary formation
are visible ; on most of them are found large masses
of indurated clay scattered in loose masses amongst
the granite, hut no calcareous matter or organic bodies
are to be found, and they ajjpear as if undisturbed
since the creation of the world. The Conoko moun-
tains (belonging to the chain of the cataracts of the
Orinoco) form an insulated group, seated on the
elevated plains, which separate two great systems of
rivers ; the tributary streams of the Ksscquibo flow-
ing N. E. and those of the Tacutu, Baranco, &c. S.
W. towards the Rio Negro and Amazon. From the
summit of these mountains can be seen the spot
where the Tacotu and Rapanooni take their rise.
The soil here is also of a pure white clay, (not chalk)
giving to the Rio Hranco and other rivers a milky
colour, owing to the quantity of clay therein diffused,
and in such a minute state of subdivision as tore(iuire
several days before the wafers become transparent by
deposition. In tine, as regards geological science,
British Guiana presents a wide field for the geologist,
and in reference to the agriculturist a great diversity \
of soil, the three leading features of which are first, |
the clayey alluvial soil of the coast, extending eight to j
ten miles inland; second, liills of siliceous sand or i
gravel, which with intervening fertile savatuiahs ex- '
tend to the falls Ml miles inland ; third, a rich primi- j
tivc soil ; and, lastly, a mountainous country, with j
divers coloured ochres, iiuhirated clays, andvaiiousi
mixtures of loamy earth and vegetable mould on beds !
of granite to a vast extent, all offering food and the j
means of olitaining eveiy nece-^sary and comfort of'
life to the hand of the industrious and skilful emi-
grant.
V. The mortality of Kurotieans, on the early settle-
ment or colonization of Guiana, was very great, partly
owing to torrid heat acting on a moist soil and luxu-
rious vegetation pregnant with animal and vegetable
decomposition, and partly owing to the intemperate
habits of the settlers, and their non-conformity with
the customs of the country and the dictates of nature.
Of late years, however, as the coast became cli n'd,
and a free circulation of air was admitted, the health
of British Guiana has materially improved, and may
now he considered as good as the nature of a low
country will permit in any zone, particularly when we
consider the extraordinary quantity of rain which fails
annually. In IK.'U) there tell, in five mfinths, six feet
eight inches of rain at Geor^'e Town. It is difficult to
ascertain accurately the quantity of rain throughout
the year, iiot only because Demerara is subject to two
rainy seasons, hut from the varintion which takes
place in cleared and drained land, on the scacoast or
I in the interior. In the dry np(ii>on, and when the sen
' breeze ))revails, there is rarely any moisture observable
' in the morning, the thermometer F. averaging about
I 82 during the night, with no very material difference
in the shade during the day. At the distance of 20
miles from the sea, or where the country is not ex-
I tensively cleared, the trees and plants will be found
I every morning dripping with dew, the thermometer
falling to 1C> or 7H ; and a blanket is acceptable at
nights. As the country is ascended (or southernward
towards the l'>|uator), the vicissitude of climate is yet
greater; and on the table land, 300 miles inland, the
climate is described to be delicious, and the influence
of the monsoons regularly felt in the periodical fall of
rain. Two wet and two dry seasons mark the revolu-
tions of the year, each continuing for three months :
the wet embrace the months of December, January,
and February; and then June, July, and August,
during which jieriods the therniomfter is lower than
at any other time, and the land winds (which are, of
course, less healthy than the sea breeze) prevail. The
dry season is exceedingly delightful ; the morning
twilight commencing at four, gradually unveils a deep
azure sky, over which the sun crosses cloudlessly from
the ocean to the inland mountains, behind which it
sets. The invigorating sea breeze sets in at ten, giving
animation to nature, and continuing to blow with
increasing vigour till siniset, at six p.m., when it gra-
dually dies away, hut frequently returns again during
the night.
During the irrt sfdsnn the wind is often from S. to
W., and the rain then descends in torrents, sometimes
for two or three days without intermission, in the
interior and on the coast. At these periods, our
sailors say it only leaves off ruin'ui^ to commence
/Kiiirini^. It appears to be admitted that the moisture,
and consequently the fertility, of British Guiana is
greater than that of the contiguous coast of the Ori-
noco, and may be accounted for by waters of the
Ksseqniho, Denii>rara, and Berbice having less declivity
than thoije of the mighty Orinoco, bellow fever (if
in reality it ever did exist there) has for some years
been luiknown in (iuiana; hut agues, and what we
term in India jungle fevers, arc prevalent among new
comers, if they rashly expose themselves to the night
air or vertical sun. Demerara has been cited as oni'
of the strongest instances of a deleterioiis atmosphere,
|)articularly aiTiong our West India colonies ; but
when we come to examine facts, it turns out other-
wise. The range of mortality, even among the liilnnir-
his; slave population, is about 1 in .'{" to 40 ; but iu
London and France it is e(|ual as regards the u-lml'
population, rich and ]ioor ; and in other countries it
is even n\ore : thus, in .Naples, 1 in HI ; Wirtemhergh,
1 in .'i.T ; Paris, I in 32; Uerlin, 1 in .'U ; Nice, I in
."i I ; Madrid, 1 in 2!) ; Rome, i in 2.') ; Amsterdam, I
in 24 ; Vienna, 1 in l'l\ ! Thus that which is termeil
our most unhealthy West India colony has, even as
regards its working population, a greater duration of
life than the rich and poor of some of the principal
parts of F.urope ! On six years, ending 1h:j2, the
incri'dsi' on 40,H'J2 Creole population was .■{,(i7H, or
nine per cent. The following coin]iarison will put
this ]ioint more clearly. In the Appendix to the lie-
port of the Committee of the House of Commons on
the Factory Bill, it a|. pears that in a number of 10, Odd
<leaths, in a healthy county (Rutland), under JO years
of age, ,'!,7")C) died ; under 40 years of age, .'),(),'U died ;
lived to 40 years and upwanis, 4,;Mjy. In London,
under 20 years of age, 4,.')S0 died ; under 40 yi ins
of age, (i,lll died; lived to 40 years and upwards,
id when the sea
sturc observnhU;
averaging about
tciial difl'erciu-e
I distance of 20
untry is not ex-
ts will be found
he thermometer
is acceptable at
or southcrnward
of climate is yet
miles inland, the
nd the influence
periodical fall of
mark the revolu-
ir three months -.
L-ember, January,
ily, and August,
ter is lower than
ids (which are, of
eze) prevail. The
i\ ; the morning
Uy unveils a deep
s cloudlessly from
, behind which it
s in at ten, giving
ng to blow with
P.M., when it gra-
urns again during
s often from S. to
jrrents, sometimes
termission, in the
hese periods, our
iiis^ to commence
that the moisture,
British Guiana is
coast of the Ori-
by waters of the
iviug less declivity
Yellow fever (if
lias for some years
lues, and what we
Ivaleut among new
,('lvos to the night
liciu cited as one
iii)\isatmosidien'.
ia colonies; but
turns out other-
lamr.ng the lalmur-
M to 40 ; but iu
regards the icAo/.'
lotiier countries it
1 1 ; Wirtembergti,
|in :U ; Nice, 1 in
Amsterdiim, I
it which is termed
Inny has, even as
eater duration of
of the principal
nding 1h:v.>, the
,on was :?,r>7H, or
pariFon will |)iit
lendix to the l(e-
(if C'onunons on
umber of lO.diMi
ll), under JO years
If' age, r),o:U died;
(ly. In I.ondiiii,
under -10 ycnrs
us and upwards,
.T,889. In the town of Preston, under 20 years of
age, (),083 died ; under 40 years of age, 7,462 died ;
lived to 40 years and upwards, 2,538. In the town of
Leeds, under 20 years of age, 6,213 died; under 40
years of age, 7,441 died; lived to 10 years and up-
wards, 2,.').')'.). In the town of Bolton, \inder 20 years
of age, ('), 1 13 died ; u.ider 40 years of age, 7,4.'>'.» died ;
lived to 40 years aii<l upwards, l',:')!!. Contrast this
with Demerara, wlure it aijpears, by the last registra-
tion, that the deaths during the triennial period were
7,016, of whom died, under 20 years of age, 1,'.I2'J;
died, under 40 years of age, 3,3.')!) ; and 3,6.')7 lived to
upwards of 40 years of age. Supposing, then, the
number of deaths to have been 10,000, instead of
7,016, the result would be — died under 20 years of
age, 2,749 ; died luider 40 years of age, 4,788 • and
lived to 40 and upwards, ;),212; being 243 in favour
of the duration of life in the colony of Uemerara, as
compared with a healthy county (Rutland) in England,
and a still greater and increasing did'erence in favour
of the colony, as compared with the towns before
mentioned.
In the hurricane months, when the Cariibbee islands
are ravaged with terrific tempests, vast masses of
clouds advance towards the south ; the mountains
ialanil reverberate with pealing thumler, and the night
is illumined with faint liglitniug coruscations; brief
storms succeed ; but, happily, the Harliadian hurricane
is unfelt. The length of the day in (uiyana is about
13 hours. In the hot season, the tlierinometer ranges
from H4 to '.»0, on the coast; and, 20 miles inland,
seldom exceeds 80, during the warmest part of the
day, tailing at night to (iO, or even 50.
BRITISH GUIANA.— CLIMATE. 123
Dr. Hancock, the thermometer ranges from 76 to «'J
in April. Mr. Shomburgk, in his present exploring
expedition of I'.ritish G\iiana, thus noted the tem-
perature (KareidieitJ of the air in the shade, from six,
A.M., to six, '.M., from October, is:!."), to March,
1836, between the parallels of 2.36 and 6.4t> N. lat.
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en
X l~ t^ <c
??
-f
i^i 1- ^0
X <r:
1-*. 1-
OS
t^
r* 1* t^
^ X X
1^ 1^
1 1
T T T T
1^ r*
X
1-
dci:
1 1 1 1
O C^ 1- »C
1 1
CO
»
X X 00
•X/ X
00 CO 00 X
00 1-
s
y.
: : :
II
'c : :
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o
'j^ A <
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sl
■3 3 3" CJ O 11
c
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.
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C
I
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s
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'l-'o
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81). 5
Hb.9
85. a
81
Lowest . . .
)rl
li
Os.s
"•1
74
ti<»
•Moan
79.1
H-i
Hn.i
82
81
r.-...'!
Raiiiv (lays
Vi
2
11
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la
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Do. sli^lit..
<)
10
"
Ifi
1-2
I -Oi
Fair
10
18
!>
"
."i
l»-SI
At the Portuguese fort of St. .|oa(|uim, on the Rio
Negro (lat. 3 N., long. f>2 W.), which was visited by
At six, A.M., tlie water was generally from eight to
ten degrees warmer than the air; at two, p.m., air
'iuc to two degrees warmer than wat;'r; at six, p..m.,
water two to three degrei's warmer thr.n air.
According to Mr. Ilillhouse, who has re|)eatedly
visited the interior, the climate of the region inli:i!)ited
by the Indians is nnieh more salubrious than that of
the coast ; though, approaching nearer to the line, its
superior elevation causes a decrease of temperature,
and the surface of the earth is always kept cool, from
the thick shade of the forest with which it is univer-
sally covered.
It is a cou.mon observation, that the air of the
rivers is uidiealthy ; but this only applies to that part
of them which runsthiough the swamp land and level
with the sea coast. Here the exhalations and vapours
accumulate, and the sea breeze is not always suf-
ficiently constant or powerl'ul to dissipa'e tlicm.
Throughout the whole extent of the salt or brackish
water, fever and ague predominates ; but, beyt)u(l the
influx of the tide, the banks of the rivers are so pro-
verbially healthy, that, were the population ten times
more numerous than it is, there would be little em-
ployment for a |)liysician.
As we approach the high sand hills of the interior,
the natural drainage is so perfect, and the torrents of
fresh water supplied by the creeks form so strong a
current, that all impurities arc ((uickly drained from
the vallies, and the surface water is instantly absorbed
by the sands. The water of those creeks that are
uniformly shaded from the sun, is about five degrees
colder than that of the river.
The breadth of the river, by exposing a great surface
to the iulluence of the sun, causes its increased tem-
perature. During the night, therefore, which is seven
or eight degrees cooler tliau the day, the water of the
river becomes comparatively a warm bath ; and the
time of its lowest comparative temperature is about
noon, when the heat of the air is greatest, and the
river has not yet recovered the heat it lost duiing the
night. Hatliiug, therefore, in the heat of the day, is
more bracing to tlie system ; but bathing in the
morning is most congenial to the feelings, as there is
scarcely any difierenee between the temperature of
the .•'.ir and the water, for two hours after sun-rise.
The evaporation in the neighbourhood of the line
being supposed ten times greater than near the poles,
the rains are in proportion much u'.ore heavy and fre.
quent. In these regions vegetation would cease, were
the supply of moisture only ecpial to that of temperate
climates; an<l, upon the hills, where the water runs
124
BUITISH ULIANA.— POI^ULATION.
■^1^ 'i!
ott" more rapidly, a greater (|'iiintity ul' rain is re(|uireil
than in the vallies, where it stagnates, nnil is absorbed
in superior proportion by the earth. We acc^ordingly
find that, upon the hills of the interior, the clouds
discharge three times as much rain as falls upon the
coast, and without causing any inconvenience. This
disproportion between the rains of tlie coast and the
interior, would not he so great, but from the circum-
stance of the vast tract of low land, from which the
forest has been cleared for cultivation. Woody
countries are always the most humid ; and, in a plain
without trees, the clouds will pass over without dis-
charging any rain, from the warit of jioints of attrac-
tion. The importance of this fact has not hitherto
met with sufficirnt consideration. A plain in the tro-
pics, without rain to moisten it, soon becomes a sterile
desert ; and nothing will attract the electricity of the
clouds, and cause them to burst, but the intervention
of groups or rows of tall trees. It is a point, there-
fore, worthy the consideration of the colonial legisla-
ture, to preserve a ])ortion of bush standing on the
coast for the attraction of rains, or to oblige the dif-
ferent estates to plant tall fruit or forest trees on their
side-lines, as there is no doubt that the more the
country is cleared of bush, the drier it becomes, and
the less fertile, and this more particulary with regard
to the sugar cultivation.
In the interior, the direction of the winds is by
no means so uniform as on the coast. From the
Upon the whole, there is no doubt, that if the hand
of cultivation reached to the hills of the interior, and
a few artificial improvements were added to the ad-
vantages of local situation, the climate of the Indians
would be the most healthy and agreeable of any within
the tropics — with fish, tlesh, fowl, and vegetables in
abundance, ))ure water, no fevers, and no mosquitoes.
VI. In estimating the population of births and deaths
in the African population of the West India Colonies,
it must be remembered that the African is as much a
stranger to the West India clin\ate and soil as the Ku-
ropean is, and, indeed, experience teaches that the
superior civilization and food of the Kuropcan renders
him much better enabled to withstand vicissitudes of
climate than his dark co'oured brethren. The de-
crease of the African slave population (especially when
we consider manumissions, the prevailing disparity of
the sexes, and the arts to which the African women
resort to prevent their being mothers) is not therefore
to be wondered at, but it will be found to be over
balanced by the increase of the Creole population, or
Colonial born African descendants.
Demerara and Esse(|uibo contains 11 parishes,
whose names and extent are, St. Mary's, extending
from Abary Maicony, and to Mahaica, thence to
Plantation lowlands inclusive, and embracing the
settlements on the banks of the Maicony and Mahaica
creeks ; St. Paul's, from plantation Northbrook to
Cuming's lodge, inclusive ; St. Ceorgc and St. An-
month of April to July, they blow more from the S. ; dirw united, embrace George Town and the planta-
than from any other point ; and these land winds,
which occur at intervals throughout the year, by im-
peding the course of the clouds as they are propelled
by the sea breeze, are another cause of the increased
rains.
From the superior salubrity of the climate, and the
simple habits of the Indians, it is reasonable to sup-
pose that, prior to the introduction of rum, they
enjoyed great longevity. The native intoxicating
beverages are so mild and diureti", that little incon-
venience results from their excesses with them ; but
their system of computation is so defective, that they
can neither calculate their own age, or those of their
ofi"spring.
Early puberty is common in all hot latitudes ; but
it does /lot seem to shorten the period of existance,
though the appearance of age comes on sooner. The
Indian girls are marriageable at 12 or 13, and the boys extend
at 15 or l('). At 2.") years the women lose all the
appearance of youth ; Inii the men at 40 are not older
in appearance than F,uro|ii'ans of the same age.
Summary of the Slave Population of the united Colony of Demera.a and Esscquibo, from the year 1817 to
the year 1832, at intervals of three years.
tions on the Cumingsburgh canal ; St. Mntthm', from
George Town up the east bank of the river as far as
the settlements extend, including those in canal No.
3 ; St. Mark, from plantation Mindenburgh along
the W. bank of the river as far as the settlements ex-
tend, including those on canals No. 1 & 2 ; St. Sirithiii,
from plantations La Grance to Jalousie inclusive ;
St. Lidir, from plantation HIakenburgh inclusive to
the Essecpiibo river, and along the E. bank u|)wanls
as far as the settlements extend ; St. I'lUrr compre-
hends Lcguan and Hog islands, in the mouth of the
E^sequibo river; St.Janii's, Waakenham and Troolic
islands, in ditto; .S7. .loliii, from Schoeven creek to
Cajjouy ditto, on the W. coast of Essetjuibo river, in-
cluding the settlements on the intervening creeks and
on Tiger island ; Trinity, from Capoey creek to the
I'onieroon river, and as far as the British settlements
Males.
Females.
When
Registered.
1
§
V
ole.
•c
v
u
(U
:?
O
<
O
31st May, Ih17
2r,72r)
noAC,
ir.499
17M93
31 St May, \H-M
24r)')fi
18'.f.9
14471
I9(;7H
31st May, 1«23
21767
i9ir.7
1300.5
2074H
3l8t May, Is-.'fi
U898
i9H(;o
1 1 W-2
21032
31st May, 182'J
lf.3«4
207.57
1 0343
2 1 9K.{
.TIst Mi.v, 1«32
13.) IK
jo«3n
90.')2
221fif)
v
8)
01
years of Ag
<
o
■73
en
S
S
i;
i
8
>>
S.
<
o
Sa
o
n
u
o
01
O
tfl
■a
>
01
a
.a 73 K
•T3
u
o
u
.t : s ;a
3
a
ja
X
>4
M
O
<
u
u
bi
oa Q Q
77103
40350
30813
10379
728.5
1
1
77370
39940
37430
907 H
882
4868 7140 2272
74977
300nr.
3«372
7471
, .
5433
4512.7188 2li7«
7I3H2
3.5257
3012.5
1 01.34
, ,
10402
4494 7634 3140
09407
353!)3
3407 1
' 4S1.5
, ,
I no 13
4684 5731 1047
fi5.M7
, 34359
3II.5S
3181
1
••
••
40k6
7016
1
29:>'>
1
, that if the hand
the interior, and
added to the ad-
ite of the Indians
ible of any witiiin
and vegetables in
id no mosquitoes,
births and deaths
st India Colonies,
■ican is as much a
ind soil as the Eu-
teaches that the
Kuroi)can renders
md vicissitudes of
[•thren. The de-
\ (especially when
'ailing disparity of
e African women
s) is not therefore
found to be over
lole population, or
ains 1 1 parishes,
Mary's, extending
abaica, thence to
ul embracing the
icony and Mahaica
m Northbrook to
org'fi and St. An-
m and the planta-
St. Mdtthiir, from
the river as far as
those in canal No.
lindenburgh along
the settlements ex-
1 & 2 ; St. Switliiii,
Jalousie inclusiv',' ;
)urgh inclusive to
; E. bank upwards
St. Pi'.ier compri'-
the mouth of the
■nhani and Troolie
Schoeven creek to
Isseciuibo river, iii-
veuing creeks and
poey creek to the
ritish settlements
the year 1817 to
u
•c ^
c «
.^
i'"'"
« US
« ' x: 1 a>
<i3 ^-f u>
.■e S ;a
n p a
1
4868 7140.>:>72
4.''>ll'.718«--'(;7'i
4404 7*".:i4 :U K>
4r)84 .^731 1047
40M(i
701 1
ii;»:>i*
inUTISH GUIANA.-
Betwoen 1^17 and 1H2(» were considerable import-
ations of slaves from other colonies ; some few also
between 1820 and 182:t ; and .ilterwards at the census
of IH2'J, there were of males under three years of age,
•i,;U9; of females, 2,3(',.-) ; and in ls;{2, males, 1,'J74,
females, '2,:U'it> ; thus indieatini; arising ))repon(lerance
-POPULATION.
125
ranee
popu-
714 ; males, between ten and twenty, 21 C; females,
ditto, 22y ; males, between twenty and thirty, 2.'J4 ;
females, ditto, l'J4 ; males, between thirty and forty,
('.37 ; females, ditto, :i !.'> ; males, between forty and
(ifty, 1,277; females, ditto, (122; males upwards of
titty, 1,121; females ditto, iV.iT ; total, 7,0ir.. Of
whom were Africans, S.H.'iO; ditto Creoles, ;!,Ui(;.
Mirths since last registration — males, imder three
years of age, 1,974; females, ditto, 2,112 ; total. 4,080.
Decrease on the past three years, 2,930.
in females, the preliminary to an increasin
lation.
The following census, made in 1832, is given as an
historical record, in order that it may serve for com-
parison at a future perioil : — Statement of the slave
|)opulation of the District of Demeraraand Esserpiiho,
.fist May, 1832. African mah-s, 13,519; Creole ditto,
•jn.SliO; total males, H4,349. African females, 9,0.'')2 ;
Creole ditto, 22,11(); total females, 31,1()H; grand
total registered for 3 1 st May, 1H32, Gr.,:.17. Of whom
are males, under thri'e years, 1,974; females, ditto,
2,1 12 ; above three, and not above live years, 2,744 ;
between five and ten, .'i.lOl ; ten and sixteen, (i,l 15 ;
sixteen and thirty, l(i,()13; thirty and forty, K,345 ;
forty and fifty, 13,5m5 ; filty and sixty, 7,179; sixty
and seventy, l.fiKl; seventy and eighty, 3(13 ; eighty
and ninety, 40 ; ninety and a hundred, 7 ; aged one
hundred and upwards, 2 ; ages unknown, presumed
to be absentees, 24 ; total, 05,517.
Decrease by death since the preceding registration
— males, under ten years of age, 770 ; females, ditto,
The following Census shows the White and Free Coloured Population of Demerara alone, on 31st
October, 1H29. [Hlue Hook, Colonial Otfice, 1830.]
Berbice Slave Population from 1817 to 1831.
'A
Increase
!)>• Hirth.
Decrease
by Death.
. 1 £
Decrease
by Manu-
mission.
S
X
■f
■3
^
S
13
s ■a
!fl
■3
a
Urn
u.
1 ! i
S 1 &
-a
a
1817
i;i8(i'j
10-17
24549
1
ISl!)
\:\M7
lOtll
237')8
1
IH-J'J
i-JU(i;
loait)
„,...r,,i
827
822
I24()| 9«7
:i
15
182,->
iiiw
1(1041
2i46i| ,-7;i ! 710
i:t«Hl 1052 12
21)
1H-2H
llil.-iS
y.vii
26sm)
IMU 1 noy
I02!»l 707 '7
5(i
1831
11020
1)1)25
20615
82U
770
10U2 795
1"
ti!)
<- >,!0
a .2
o c
3 I —
DISTRICTS.
Whites,
-a
From plantation Thomas to plantation Lusignan, parish
of St. George and St. Mary
From pi. Annandale to pi. Lancaster, parish of St. Paul
and St. Mory .......
From pi. Cane Grove to Mahaica Village, parish of St.
Mary ........
From Ahary to pi. Bath, parish of St. Mary
From pi. I. a Penitence, including canal No. 3, parish
of St. Matthew . ,
From pi. I. a (i range to pi. Waller's Delight, parish
of St. Swithin
From pi. I. a Parfait Harmonic to pi. Wales, parish
of St. Mark
From pi. Vriesland to Soesdyk, parish of St. Mark and
part of St. Matthew ......
From pi. Sans Souci on the lower side, to Dinabimaun
the upper, ))arisbes of St. Mark and St. Matthew
From Windsor Forest to Hocrasirie Creek, parishes of
St. Swithin and St. Luke .....
From pi. /eelugt to neverhants, parish of St. Luke
From pi. Mara to pi. Loo, Upper Demerara River,
parish of St. Luke ......
•a
s
81
87
71
28
82
52
CO
32
23
80
35
I
I 31
7
1
10
3
20
11
2
9
2
23
15
Free Black
and Coloured.
88
88
23
29
42
37
6C2 110
81
C7
31
38
102
36
59
33
71
25
34
38
32
55
82
25
58
37
o
o
H
T3
O
65
66
113 180
741 112
51
44
33
46
51
28
4S
53
'^{
463 617
87
77
58
84
100
53
82
110
153
154
201
143
189
136
129
118
138
135
140
150
1080 1852
i
12G
I
ii!
BRITISH GUIANA.— POPULATION.
Esscquibo ^op .lation at the samR date.
2
1
4
~
5
—
I
2
2
3
1»
13
22
110
32' 142
8fi
irt\ 101
3.1
13
■in
.'it
12
Cf,
fi.3
37
100
121
If)! 137
1
470
13S
fill
From Fort Island, inclusive of both rifles of the river
upwards ..•....,
I.pguaii Island and Hog Island, parish of St. Peter .
From pi. Caledonia to pi. Maria's l.i.;!;^''; parish of St.
James
From Vergeelcegen to Aboencboenaba, parish of St.
John ........
From Cnro Caro Creek to pi. Hoff Van Holland, parish
of St. John .
From pi. Alliancro to Cattle Town, parish of St. John
From pi. Taymouth Manor to Shamrocii Hil.' .
The population of Bcrbice, in nc,4, was — Whites, llfi ; male negroes, 1,308 ; female ditto, I, 'Ml ; chil-
dren, 74.'); total, 3,47'i. The Blue Book for 183fi, Colonial Otflic, gives the following return of white and
free coloured (exclusive of apprentices, formerly slaves) .
Return of the ]'op\ilation, &('. of Bcrbice, in 183(5.
f)l
!
.58'
119
141
.52
.51
103
24.5
34
37
71
172
17fi
isr.
362
408
C>'2
fir.
128
194
28
38
fifi
Ififi
29
34
fi3
200
442
470
912
1.52fi
Area in
Square
Miles.
Whites.
Cdlnured
Population.
Total.
Aliens and
Kosidcnt
2
ti
a.
Persoiiscmployedin
is
County,
District, or I'arisli.
1
cn
1
73
Females.
Males.
Females.
Stranucra,
not ill-
<'liulc<l in
prcccilinjj
columns.
1
<
1
i
B
5
Q
Town of New Amsterdam
l*anii District
706
47
1
161
.10
SI
116
9S
s
H
1.5
16
.37
39
U
13
78
779
3.5
53
27
86
(J88
89
66
104
874
41)
7
3
3
lis
•in
67
3741
2820
2U19
32
52
90
107
ih6
6
33
4
8
25
31)
12s
East and Coniuntine Coast
West Coast
61
42
In*)
72
H.i
River Bcrbice
Mil"
Total ....
431
139
681
980
The annexed return shews the general population of Ilcmerara and Essequibo, October 31, 1829; and
of Berbice, agreeably to census of 1827, and slave registration.
Whites.
Free Coloured.
Grand Total.
Slaves
on the 31st May,
1829.
«
73
Females.
i
Males.
Females.
Total.
Males.
a
e
■3
H
•3
Demcrara . .
fifi2
110
772
4(;3 6171 1080
1 8.52
39199
41051
Essequibo . .
47G
138
fil4
442 470| 912
1.526
. ,
, ,
23553
25079
George Town .
9fi2
fi58
lfi20
lfi2.5 2743 4368
5988
3209
3407
6616
12604
Berbice . . .
431
139
570
681 980i ..
••
9420
20418
22102
General Census and Appraisement of George Town,
October 31, 1829.
Whites,
Free, Black,
and Coloured.
u
731=2
S
3
u
:-3
Districts.
i
S
1
&
&
73
73
£
1
Appra
ofl
buildi
florins.
Kingston
66
68
134
158
277
435
5f)9
508040
N. CnminKsburg
117
85
202
231
359
590
792
13.'>5350
S. i:uiniti);snurg:
202
I OH
310
375
630
1005
1315
1554340
Roblis Town . .
144
32
176
78
135
213
3S9
1069200
New Town ....
52
21
73
29
58
87
160
362000
Stahrook
81
69
150
30
182 262
412
427350
Werkcn Kust . .
148
IIH
266
316
495
811
1077
778660
Charlcstown . .
hfi
8t
170
183
299
4H2
652
407750
Lacy I'own . . .
66
962
73
«5«
139
1620
175
ifi'JS
308
27«:f
48:i
1368
622
1
59RB
6162692
According to the return in the Ollice of Compensu
tion under the Act for the Abolition of Slavery, there
were 69,579 apprentices; 3,352 age<l and invalids;
9,893 children under 6 years of age, in 1834 ; of thi'
69,579, 36,582 were males, and 32,997 fcniftlcs,
3,463 were tradesn)en, and 4,871 were domestics;
7,418 were registered as non-pnvdials, and obtain
their release in August 1838; 2,0.50 labourers and
artificers arrived during 1837. The services of 191
persons were appraised, for the purpose of purcha-
sing their release from apprenticeship in IH37, of
whom 151 were pni'dials, and 10 non-i)rii!dials. The
I average price at which the pnedials were valued is
924 guilders, that of the non-priudials 379 guilders.
The population of British Guiana, is supposed to ex-
ceed 100,000. The sexton of George Town, gives 11
return of !"4 burials in 1837; viz. 428 white per
sons, including 97 seamen; 126 apprenticed labou
rers ; and 360 uniipprintind ( olound persons.
HHITISH GUIANA.— POPULATION.
The Slave Population in each parish of Uemcrara and Esse(|uiho, ."list May 1832, was —
127
ss
119
141
.01
103'
245
37
71
17:i
ler.
3C2!
1
4()M
r,c,
IL'H
I!I4
38
M
1 «'))'>
M
f.3
200
470 912 ir.2f)
itto, l,:Ui7 ; chil-
tiirn ol' white and
edln
1*
V)
0)
B
S
'E
«
u
:a
ii
a
32
52
a
30
, ,
7a
33
12H
90
4
■2
,,
10-
8
K.l
180
25
:iii7
bcr 31, 1829; aiut
o
i
410.M
2.J07!)
12C.04
2LM02
lice of Compensii
^of Slavery, thcrf
u(l and invalids ;
I in 1834 ; of thi'
132,1)97 fcmnli's,
kvere domestics ;
lials, and obtain
lo labourers anil
services of I',) I
Ipose of purcha-
liip in 1H37, of
|>-pnedials. The
were valued is
s 379 K"''!''*-''''*-
[supposed to ex-
Town, !;ivcs II
42H white |)er
lirenticeil labou
jiersons.
Births under Three
Since Registration
Year?
af Age.
of May 1829.
Parishes.
Males.
Females.
Total.
r,301
Males.
Females.
Births
per Cent.
Deaths.
St. Mary
.S394
2907
237
224
7
9
St. Paul
4.510
42f.2
H772
300
338
7
8
St. George and St. Andrew .
3993
4040
8033
280
297
7
7
St. Matthew
2934
2f.70
5f)04
1.58
lf.2
5
11
St. Mark
2.'-.70
20r.3
4r,33
116
108
4
10
St. Swithin
20.')9
18.51
3910
104
104
5
13
St. Luke
2930
2f.05
.553.5
ir>7
193
f.
11
St. Peter .
301.')
2872
5887
178
1.55
5
13
St. .lames
212r)
2040
41f)(i
82
lofi
4
13
St. John
2471
214f.
4f)l7
128
144
5
U
The Trinity
4347
3712
80.59
224
281
(>
10
34;!49
3nf)8
f,5517
1974
2112
Slaves attached to Plantati
2M0S3
2.5394
.5:!477
15.58
1705
Personal and Unattached
6'2C,G
5774
10040
410
407
A statement of the number of Slnvcs for whom
compensation has been claimed, and of the number
(if claims jjreferred for such compensation, and of
the amount of compensations awarded in each of the
classes of pncdial-attached, i)ricdial-unattocbed, and
iion-pnedial. [Parliamentary return to the House of
Lords, March, 1838.]
1
M^
. — — — ■ —
m
a
-•Si
m
[S
Classes.
00
55 J5
= e
Total.
Q
0-- « 1
— -3
Head People . .
rradesmon ....
3313
i(!in
j['2s<l.'-.fi(i
11(1127
No. of Slaves,
S3
Inferior ditto ..
[•'ii'lil I.aiiourprs
lil»4
3!)1<)3
231KI
2,"i2IH(ll
.Amount,
inferior ditto ..
I31i;3
47ii!)(iii
jfc341SS8.t.
■3
Head reoplc . ..
I'radcsinpn ....
l.'>3
62
13372:
42in|
No. of .Slaves,
inferior ditto ..
Sfi
(|NH
I 5475.
I'ioid {..ilintircrs
3.->7H
233142'
Amount,
sC3 12241.
Inferior ditto . .
Ki.-ilj
(ill! 117:
ficad Tradesmen
872
.'iiMilli
inferior ditto ..
•27r,
1(1450:
■a
Head 1'. einpioy.
ed on wliarfs,
No. of Slaves,
K
sliiiipinj;, or
Ii2!)7.
otlier uvoca-
AnioiiDt,
films
<y
42H2
.ie33;ti84.
c
inf. People ditto
23(1
H4.'ii)
'/^
Head Domestics
29,"!l
IH7(is!)
interior ditto ..
Cliildrcn under
si.x years of
HKC on tiie 1st
I8U2
1)715(1
AnBii!-t, 1M34.
B893
18798/
.Vri'iI, diseased,
or otlierwisc
iion-elTecUvc
33.12
382 12
Nninlier of rtninif) havinu refrroni^e to part' division.
Frierii.i Attaclied, 422 j Prtedial Uiialtached, 831 ; Non-
prieiliul, l.hiiM,
The native Indians of this coast have long engaged
the attention of Kuropeans, and received the (irotec-
tioii of the British government. When this part of
tlie South American continent was first visited by the
mariners of the old world, it was found densely peo-
pled ; but fe>v now remain of the aboriginal inha-
bitants.
The principal tribes in and around British Guiana,
are, the 1. Arrawaks ; 2. Aceawai ; 3. Caribiscc; 4.
Warrows, and 5. Macoosies. The first mentioned
border o!\ the coast line; the second are removed
further inland, and in stature, colour and some other
respects, are like the first; the third, inhabit the
upper country between the Kssetpiibo and Cayuny,
they are described as having the manliness and intre-
pidity of all highland tribes, and as being fairer than
the Arrawaks or lowlandcrs. According to tradition,
they once inhabited the VV. I. islands ; it is more pro-
bable, however, that the W. I. islands were origi-
nally peopled by the Caratiisce from the main land.
Tiie fourth or Warrows, occupy the coast between
the Potneroon and Orinoco, and are a black, short,
hardy race of fishermen imd sailors, subsisting chiefly
by biiat-buiiding. The fifth or Macoosies, reside in
the deej) recesses of the forests of the interior, and
are numerous, very industrious, extremely cunning,
and implacable in their revenge ; i)robably they are
the aborigines of the country, and llecing before more
civiliziMl tribes, as we find to be the case in every part
of the eastern hemisphere.
It is ditlicult, if not impossible, to estimate the
number of Indians south of the Rippanooiicy ; about
5,000 consider themselves under the i)rotection of the
British government, receiving triennial presents and
aiuuial supplies; about 20, (DO are migratory, unat-
tached to any |iarticular government, and moving at
pleasure from the Orinoque to the Brazils, Cayenne
or Surinam, as necessity (i. c. want of food) or incli-
nation may dictate. [\ full description of the na-
tives will be found in the popular edition of this
work ; vol. i. We.st Indies of Cohniidl Lihiaiif.}
There are six prott'ctors of Indians in British Gui-
I ana, under whom are six postholders and assistants,
I on thediiferent rivers. The postholders receive 158/.
a year, and a house; their assistants each 72/. per
annum. The protector's duty is to overlook that of
postholders in the performance of their duties, to en-
deavour to make peace between the Indian tribes when
il
r f
ll!H
BRITISH GUIANA— RELIGION.
at war, and to transmit qimrtprly returns to the
l.ic'iitcnant-Kovt'rnor. They rercivi' no salary, anil are
gt'iicrnlly merchants anil planters aloiip the const, 'i'he
postholilers are instrncfeil to keep their jiosts or sta-
tions in p)t>il oriler, to attach the Inilians to their
Horhice) there are attached to the Kstahlished Church
of l'".ni,'lanil, seven rectors nnil one curate; to the
Church of llollanil, two ministers ; to the ('hureh oi
Scotland, five ministers ; ami to the Roman ('atliolic
Cluneli, two priests; twelve cntechi-its, or siliool-
posts, to prevent, as fur as in them lies, nuarrellini; i musters, one heint; iittiicheil to each parish eluuch i\(
or (ii;htiiij; hetween the trihes, to ohtain passes,
signed hy the Meutenant-povernor or Protector of
Indians, for all persons passing the station, and to
give in (piarterly returns of all occurrences at their
posts.
the Knt,'lish and Scotch persuasinn ; hesiiles four
schools in Cienrge Town for free l)oys and girls, and
slave hoys and girls, to which there arc two masters
and two mistresses. The annual sum |iaid to thecler-
pynien, cateehists, srhoolmastiMs and mistresses, from
VII. Throughout theWest Indiacoloniesconsiderahle | the colonial fund, amounts to i:i'>,l.Mt guilders, e(|unl
pftbrfs have lieeu made hy the local governments and to ahout 10,000/. ; the Roman Catholic clergyman is
legislatures, for several years hack, to promote reli. placed on the same footing as the clergy of the Kstn-
gion and education, and hy none more so than Gui- hiished C'hureh, or those of the Dutch or Scotch pi r-
ana ; in Deniciara and Ksseqinho (inde])enilenl of suasion,
Return of the Number of Cliiirches, Livings, «[c. of Ui'merorii and Esscqiilbo. [B.B.]
I I
No. of
Permins
the Cliurrli
will
contaui.
Name of Parishes, In what (Jounty
or Distrirt, auil lil.xti-iit in
S(|uarc Miles.
.2'C
S in
an,
Oh 0)
St. George's parish, George Town, I6OOO
.ia square miles.
St. Paul's, Kast Coast, Demcrary 9000
40 square miles.
Trinity, Essequlbo, (extent not 8300
known ^.
St. Jiihn's Esscquibo 4500
St. Swithin's, West Coast, Dcmc- 4000
rary.
St. Matthew's, East Hank, Deme- 6S0O
rary River. 1
St. Peter's I.eguan, anil Ilog Islanil> .'>4"2
St. Aiiilrow's, (icnrire Town I '.'lOO
St. Mary's, Maliaica (iiioo
St. Mark's, West Uunk, Uemerary 40U0
River.
St. Luke's, Western Court, Deme-I 6000
rary.
St. James', Essequibo, :)s square 40>'0
miles.
In George Town and Port Island.. ; 500
In CorgeTown - i
Value of
Living.
864 including
house rent.
428*
428
428
428
428
428
428
428
428
428
5R5
428
I
I'
No. of
Persons
geiuTitlly
attending.
No. of
I'ersiins
No. of
= « ■--
IVrsoiis 2e2
riiiiiicls will iri'ner.'illy Ha j'.i
attenilin«. = '-' 5 ~
cuiitain.
800
1000
I lOU
6''o
1:100 adults ^
450 eliildren.
-00
lion
;,•,»
AUO
generally
full,
ditto
from (iiio to
7011.
Miin
from 200 to
HOfl.
full
Olio
1)00
500
700
700
I 500 to 800
Alio
hefwrcn 400
j and 500.
from 500 to
(iiio.
700 I
150 I
500
no chapel
1200
2 rllil|H'ls
110 CUI'll.
1 eha|iel
.'I chaiH'ls
containing
140U.
300
, Prot.
gcnerallv Prot.
full.
Iii.'i
400
lOLMI
full
30
Prot.
I'riit.
Plot.
' I'rot.
I Prot
' Prot.
I
' Prot.
I
* 157/. allowed for house-rent.
There have been expended between the years 1824
and 18H1, upwards of :5.")0,000 guilders, eipial to aboiit
I I 2(>,000/., on the building of churches and parsonages;
independently of which, large sums have voluntarily
been contributed hy individuals for that purpose. On
the estimate for the year I8;{'.>, a sum of 200,72 "1
guilders, ecpial to 14,:?H7/. was placed for the sujiport
of the establishment for that year alone. The expense
for 1827 (which, with several other documents, I have
been favoured hy the Hon. M. E. V. Young, (jovern-
ment Sccretaiy at British (iuiana) was 221,3.10 guil-
ders=l.''>,8l0/.
The.se expenses are home solely by the inhabitants
Tlierc Is no glebe or parsonage house to any of these parishes.
by the Missionary societies, has been, during M.TT.
very considerable, not less than that raised hy tin-
colony, but it is ditticult to arrive at a correct esti-
mate. There were in IH37, l,.'>lfi marriages. One
church, in the parish of All Saints district of Hit-
bice, extending about four miles along the en^t
bank of the River Berbice, and all along the Wit
bank of Canjo Creek, as far as the .settlement ex-
tends, the cultivation on which does not extiml
beyond eight miles ; the population is about -l.Tfiii
souls, and the living is worth 7,000 guilders per an-
num. The church will contain about 400 persons
and is generally well *;iied. Their tenets are thn-
by taxes levied on them by the Court of Policy, com- i roughly Protestant of the old school. There are like
billed with the financial repri'sentatives of the com-
munity. There arc 'M'> ])aid clergymen of the Church
of England, Scotland and Rome. The parishes are
exclusiv'.'ly designated Ei)iscopalian or Presbyterian,
and are allotted to those persuasions nearly ecpial.
Prom England, through the Bishop of the diocese, by
wise 10 chapels, whicli will contain from 4.')0 to hjo
and are generally well attended : Protestant.
Among the English ("olonists the Episropalinn is
the principal cri'eil, and each parish has its rector,
under the diocese of Barbadoes ; the Dutch have tlu'ir
Lutheran church and miinster, the Romish their chii-
ineans of the I'arliainentary Grant or otherwise, jiel and minister, all paid (as I have before «aid) and
there has been received in IH.'H, about ;'), 000/. to- j sup|)orted by the colony ; and there are l.'i active anil
wards chapels and schools. From the colonial funds useful missionaries endeavouring to instil Christianity
in 1^.'!7, there has been paid ;{,407/. towards the erec- ' into the negro i)oj>ulatlon.
tion of schools or the procuring of teachers. The J VIII. Schools, Ih'mcritra and Ksxcqiiiho. — There nri-
auiuuut raised from private contributions or defrayed two |)iiblic schools in the parish of St. George, oiii
S 1
^ Ma
1828 1(
IH29 .'
18;!0 f
i8:u •
18;!2 <.
\x:v.\ u
\HM 14!
iH.-i.i: ..
i8:if.ji8:
KstnhlislicdChurrli
Diic ciirnte; to tlu'
i; to tlu' (Church oi
111" Koinan Cntliolic
trclii^ts, or sdioiil-
ch parish cliurcli n(
sioii ; l)i"^i(li'S four
hoys niul girls, nnd
icrc arc two masters
mil |ini(l to thi- clcr-
ii\(l mistrrssi's, from
i.l'id giiiUlers, i'(|Uiil
itholic dfrgynuui is
[' I'ltrgy of tlir Kstii-
)utch or Scotch pt r-
[B.n.]
' 3
u =,
«- - ej
O"
No. of
s «•-•
J" }
PlTSOIlS
- ;
tri'inTiilly
~«,tl
:.i
uttCMiliiii;.
y O
5'c
..
, Prot.
\ ;i
gciiernlly
' Hrot.
' 1
tnll.
1
l(>r>
Prot.
1
4()U
I!riif.
Plot.
1
1
102U
full
30
Prot.
iProt
Pnit.
Plot.
|esc imrishcH.
hocn, (luring H.'l",
hilt niistil hy tiie
|i> iit n correct esfi-
|C, marriages. One
lilts district of IVr
•s along the eibt
all along the Kit
;lio settlement ex-
docs not extiiiil
lion is ahout 4,7'iii
H) guilders per nii-
[hoiit 400 persons
ir tenets are tlio-
Thcre are liko-
11 from a.'iO to H.-iii
Irotcstniit.
le Kpiscopalinii is
ish has its rector,
(■Dutch hiivetluir
Romish flicir dia-
|c hefore said) ainl
lire i;i active and
instil Christismitv
■ijiiiho. — Tliere arc
)f St. George, oiii
nuiTISlI GU!.\N.\.— RKMGION. EDUCATION, ClllMKS AND GOALS.
for boys and one for girls ; the system of instruction
followed, is Hell's. The schoolmaster and mistrcs.i
each reeeiv»3 l.^O/. per aniuirn, which is giveu hy go-
vernment. The avcrnge nuniher of persons receiving
1 21t
instructi(m in 18;t7 was ll,()77, of whom 7,71.'i were
children nnd i'<:M'<-2 adults ; N.M.'iO were at Sunday
schools, ,'?,2fU at day schools, and i.M'".:t at evcuiug
schools. There are eight private schools.
Uotiirti of the Number of Schools In Bcrbicc, In 1H3B.— [11, n. isiifl.l
1
If Bnppnrted by (iovcrnuient
Nome of the Parish,
Public or Free
Number of
Expense of
Mode of
or Voluntary Contilbntlons,
nnil ill
.School,
Scholars.
eiu-li
and Anniiint of each.
what County or District.
ami where situated.
School.
Instruction.
M.
Fm.l
1
67
Tot.
Oovernment.
Voluntary.
All .Saints', District ol
* In the town of New
,^
l.'ij Ahout wol.
Conducteil on
None
From s. P (i.
Ucrbice,
Amstenlam.
per annum.
the national
in Fori ■ -:. Partii
Bysteni as ^-
tbrouKli the
(lo|ilnl by tUo
liihbop, and vo-
Cbiircb of
luntary contrU
I''ii);lnnd.
Initioiis ('.im In-
New Anistrrdnin, All
Daily Infant school
161
188
349 .
Usual mode
nothing
llvidniilslii Her-
Saints' iiarish, Miss^ion
ol :ui chililreii.
Idee, as well is
L'liiipcl.
Sunday school
inonhtly contii-
llriinswick's Chapcl-st.,
Clirsuuts parish. t
['.'.'.'.
•
■
•JO
150
ditto
supported b>
tbe London
Missionary
Society 1000/.
per annum.
liiitimis from
dilldren tbeni-
selves, to tho
^iniount of aoo/.
per annum.
Fearn Chapel. St. Cathe-
Sunday school
,
140
rine's parish.
Dally school
ICveniiiB scbool
•j;i
*J2
4.S
:io
ditto
ditto 1000/.
linnover Chaprl. parisli
:l)iiily scbool, situa-
•j;
4:<
70
about 400/.
Infant Ilrilisb
St. Miclmel, West Sea
ted at Hanover.
salary inclu-
anil Koreitrn
toast.
sive.
school system.
Sunday school
91
-6
107
about 10/.
Perseverance Chapel,
^Dally free school
i U7
h6
VM
from Wl/. to
ditto
none
None.
parish ufst. Michael.
i
1011/, annu
ally.
Sunday school
i 40
54
100
about 10/.
usual mode
ditto
None.
Eveniiip scbool
1
,
;)«(i
I'nion Chapel, parish St.
Daily school hein);
cannot obtain
about inn/.
ditto
Voluntary.
Catherine.
now formed.
1 imniber at
f<ir all
Sunday ditto
i "'
cseni
•
expenses.
* This school wap opened on the 1st .Ir.nuary ls;ui, and Is under thesiiperintendance of the rector of All Saints.
+ There also three private schools. t 1 his schor.l has hud a prrant irom Kovernnient for tin- erection of a school
liouse. i This is to be a i;ovcriinicnt school bouse. A (jrant lor the erection of a school house is promised.
The teachers of these arc all neuroes ; taii(?ht tbemsclves under tbe minister at llannvcr.
IX. Numlx
No. of
Prisonei
■r of Prisoners in the
(ioals
of n
L'lncrnra and Essequiho, throughout each year. [B.R.|
•8.
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
meanours.
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoners,
1
No. of untried
Prisoners.
<< 1
1
!
1
a
>* Male Fm.
1
i
Toll.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Malcl Fm.
!
Totl.
Male Fm. Toll. Mole
1 1 i
Fm.
Totl. Male
1
Fm.
Totl.
a
li*:.'H 107
22
129
1
1
40
20
no
.o' .
12 1
1
r 1!)
2
12
I
iKiiO ,')4
14
Cm
• • • >
, ,
4.")
13
M
•• 1 I
6
4
4| 1
1
2
3
1h:io 67
9
7f.
2 ! ..
2
:,:,
8
f.3
10 ' 1
11
5
5
5
1
6
3
IH.-U 77
37
114
3 i ..
3
fi.'i
3.5
100
3 1 1
4
1
1
.5
1
6
7
ls;?2 97
22
119
4 1 ..
4
81
20
101
4 , ..
4
4
4
4
2
6
^>
\HX\ I2C)
:u)
1 .m;
f)
, ,
C
98
28
125
22 i 2
24
22
22
44
fi
6
2
IH.VI 14;»2
1021
2.')i:i
10
. ,
10
110.') 1 821
192r.
10 ' 1
11
1115 822
1937
377
199
.-.76
1
IS.!."-.; ..
, ,
. ,
• • 1 • •
, ,
.. 1 ..
, ,
.. 1 ..
, ,
• • • .
18:if.j 18.34
577
2411
c,
••
f>
180.'')
.')75
2380
23 ..
25
1183
b\6
1729
603
79
682
1
There is a sheriff in each of the three districts into
which the colony is divided. The sheriff and three
justices of the peace constitute an inferior criminal
court. Not less than three inferior courts are re-
quired hy law to he held in each district every month.
The convictions in '837, were 34.'). There are !.'>
.special justices; the punishments indicted by thcin
during 1837, amounted to 5,170, of which 40 were
ca.ses of corporal puiiishment by (logging. From Ja-
nuary 1835 to December 1837, (loggings by sentence
of the inferior courts, have amounted to the follow-
ing numbers, each number denoting a period of three
months ; CO, 85, 48, 26, 12, 46, i;;), 27, 15, 28, 8, H.
From July 18;i."), (when the power of iullictiug (logg-
ings w s vested exclusively in the special justices ap-
pointed fnun Knglaud,) to December 1837, the
apprenticed labourers .so iiuiiishcd, were, according to
the subjoined numbers, which denote also a (leriod of
three mouths, 167, 153, 127, 84, 140,71,21,6, 10,3.
From 1835 to 1h37, there have been but five or six
cases of rtoggings under sentence of tbe supreme cri-
minal court. 'There are upwards of 9» ordinary jus-
i
j|.4«''
' 1
I
!"i
Jif
rritnifi-c JiMi." .\Mt c.aois. fiovi.uNMiNr and mii.itauy.
lies (if I he peace, they linve ii" iiirixiliction ii'ilesR
iiKoeinliled colleginliter, with n slienir n» presirtetit ;
they hnve power however, to roinniit for trinl. Kjieh
hpeeiiil justice hHH two pnid coiiBtnbh's. There nre 7<>
piiid piilieeineii resilient in the two towns, and they
nre placed under the respective sheriffs. Tlierc arc
Ip.^ril unpnid special constnhlcs, Rclecled in 1>*'M,
chielly frntn anionv;'<t the Inlioiirert in the country liy
tlie special inii|:istr»cy ; they are called u|)on to act in
cases of cnu ikcik y only . Tlii re are .■|'.'.''> unpaid hcnd-
horoUKhs, select e<l nliouf the name time, from ninon)r.4t
the inanngerf. .mil overseers, hy the special maj^is.
tracy as nliovc. fieorKC 'f'own is divided into 1 1
wards, in cnch of which a town coinicillor is selected
by the inhabitants ; the town coimeillors select n
nmyor ; the mayor and town council liuve the distri
bution of the town funds, and constitute a court for
the trial of petty otfenccii within the town.
IVisoners in the Gaol* of llcrbicc thn
)ughuut each Year.
:». no
No.
of I'lisoncrs.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried I'risoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners
'i,
rt
1
Mall Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm. Ti.tl.
Male Fm.Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
1
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm.
Totl
lSl'8
\c,r,
.'lO '2ir.
,
_ ,
2<.» i:« -J 2
1
1
2
7
1
H
- -
lK:.'<t
•2i\v -.1 i'7:<
1
— 1
Xi 12 4'i
1
—
1
9
—
9
—
—
—
IH.tl
l!»
1 : 20
— ' — —
12 1 13
4
—
4
—
—
3
—
3
1 h:«2
.'Jl'H
12 » 4^2
— , — —
;«»•» i2'.t j.<8
2
—
■>
9
—
9
—
—
—
1 H.Cl
:u
1 i .•<2
—
— —
27 1 2H
—
—
—
2
—
2
2
—
2
1 h:\ I
L'f.l
\:\r> noi'i
— —
2'>H 135 3!»3
3
—
3
—
—
—
—
— -
I h:m\
I'lj
UtU :)44
1
— 1
23 9 32
2
- 2
1 50
126
276
64
4
68
1 h:»7
1
1
Q
No returns for 1830 or \H3:>.
X. Form of government, — Dutch and F.ngli^h. .\t
the period of the capture of Demernra in 1 >«•;<, the
foim of Rovornment of the colony was |>oeulinr ; it
consisted of a Cniirl o/ /'/i/ici/ of eicht members — four
iillieial appointed by the Soverei!;n, and four from
amongst flie inhabitants by the College of Kiezer-.
Oilicial members — the (iovernor, the (;ommander of
l''.ssi(piiKo, the Fiscal of Demerara, the Fiscal of Esse-
ipiibo ; two numbers returned from the district of
Dcnurura, and two from the district of F.sscipiiho.
Knch district hod a (.'ollepe of Kie/ers, consisting of
seven members. The Co/lrisr «/ Kiaers for each ilis-
trict was elected by the inhabitants. They held the
situation for life, or during their residence in the
colony ; ipmlification, 2.'> slaves, and three years' resi-
dence in the colony; cpialilicntion of cicx'tors, the
possession of 2.'" slaves. Vote hy ballot. Votes sent
into the (iovcrnor's Secretary's oftice, and de|Hisited
in scaled box, and opene.'l in the presence of the
(iovernor and not less than two other members of the
Court of Policy.
The College of Kiezors nominated two |)ersons to
till vacancies in the Court of Policy. The Governor
and the Court selected one from the nomination, and
notitied in the finzflti' the person selected. The
senior member of the Court went out after the meet-
ing of the Combined Court, which assembled annually
for levying the taxes.
Firtiinriiil Hi'/iri'.ienlnHrfs. The College of Finan-
cial Representatives, nominated hy the inhabitaiits,
the same as Kiezers, and consisted of six; three re-
turned by the district of Demarara, and three by the
district of Ksscquibo. Term of service, two years ;
qualification, same as Kiezers; duties, to sit with the
Court of Policy annually, for the purpose of levying
taxes and regulating the expenditure, which was then
called the Combined Court — " the Court of Policy
combined with, the Financial Representatives." At
thi.s combined meeting the Court of Policy submitted
an estim.ite of the expenses for the year, which had
previously been prepared and discussed in that
Court. In the C'ombinid Court every item of tin
estimate was diseu.ssed, ainl every mend)cr, wbcthrroi
the Court of Policy or Financial Representatives, liail
an equal vote. At this meeting the public account^
of the preceding year were examined and audited,
which was the peculiar province of the Financial Re-
presentatives.
The Court of Policy passed all laws for the intprnai
regulation of the Colony, it required four meniDers
to constitute a Court. No law binding without the
concurrence of one member of the representative
section of the Court, (jualitication for a member of
the Court of I'olii y, the owner of a plantation, and
three years' residence.
Jiiiliriiil UrjKiftmi'nt. — Each district had a court of
civil and criminal justice, which consisted of six mem-
bers and a president. The members (colonial) elected
l)y the Kiezers in the some manner as the Court of
I'olicy ; the two senior members retiring every year ;
qualification, possession of ;!.'> slaves, and three years'
residence in the colony. The conunander was pre-
sident of the Court of Justice of £sse(|uil)o; the
governor president of tlie Court of Justice of Deme-
rara ; the law of Demerara was the law of Holland or
Roman law. F'.ach tnemberof the court an eipial vote
on both law and foet : all cases decided by a majority
of votes.
In IH12 the courts of justice of Kssequibo and De-
merara were united by proclamation of the Acting-
Governor, Mnjf)r-{ieneral Carniichael ; and the court
of justice of Demerara became the court of both dis-
tricts ; and consisted of eight colonial members and £
president, the president appointed by the Crown.
The colleges of Kiezers and Financial Representa-
tives existing in 1812 were dissolved by General Cnr-
michael's proclamation, and a College of Kiezers and
Financial Representatives was established, in wliieh
the functions of both colleges were united; this col-
lege consisted of seven members : term of service t\vi>
years ; and elected by the inhabitants of both districts,
i paying tax on an income of 10,000f. per annum, or
>HY.
iiri;i'j:> iinimul lirnd-
ic tiiiic, Irdiii niiuiii)r.4t
( tlic spt'cinl inn);is.
i.s (lividcil into 1 1
councillor is Helrctid
coiiiicilliirs Rclcct II
iiu'il Imvr t)ic (listi'i
iinstitiitf a cuurt fur
the town.
No. of un-
rii'd Prisonum
lulu
Fin.
Tot!
r.4
(18
every item of tlu
nu'inbcr, wlietlirnn
lU'pri'scntntives, hud
tlie piiblie aceoiint^
mined niid nuditeil,
if the l''ii)ancial Ke-
Inws for the internal
lired four memiiers
liiiiding without the
the repre.sentntivc
oil for a nicmhcr of
f a (liantatiuii, and
trict had a court of
sistcd of six mrm-
fcolonial ) elected
r lis the Court of
etiring every year;
and three years'
ninnder was pre-
Essc(|uil)0 ; the
Justice of Demc-
Inw of Holland ur
■oiirt an cipinl vote
ided by a majority
Ksscipiibo and Dc-
ion of the ActinR-
and the court
court of both dis-
iai members and t
)y the Crown.
ancial Rcprescnta-
d by General Cnr-
ge of Kiczers and
ablished, in wliicli
united ; this col-
erm of service twc
ts of both district?,
Of. per annum, or
ic
nillTlsn GIII.\NA
■laves; nil the courts having been
-riNANCES.
i:ii
jiiiHsessing
united.
In July, IH3I, the aneimt court of justice was
abolished, and ft new court rnnxtitiited by order in the
{'oiincil, by which lUrliice was iiiiii'd with Deineinra
and Ksseijuibo ; and the Court of I'olicy fornieil of tell
iiicmbcrH, live otliciiil (Lieut. -kov, Chief Justice, 111^11
SlieritV, Sheritf, and Attorncy-t^cncral) and t)\e colo-
iiittl ; the governor, in ease of an eipiulity of votes,
having a easting vote as I'niuicr'y.
The CollcKcH of Kie/.crs nud Finnncinl Uepresento-
lives were hip'iruted in l-.'ll. I he meiiilK rs of the
Ciillcii;e of kitv.ers are new hir lilc, nud coii.si-it of
siseii iiiciiilMrt ; the Fiiiuiiciid Uijire'ieiitiitivcs of six
iiicinix r^, Irriii of service tw^> )ciiis ; one ei)llc.;e chcIi
111' KieziTMiiid I'iniuicial lUprcseofutives fur then ihniy
(if Hrilish OuKiii.i, biiiii,' Dinuiuia, Ks.stijuibo, and
licrhice ; and thci|uuliliealiuii, |io!>sc.i:iioii of 2j slaves,
as previous to l^ll'.
The Court of 1 ulicy now consists of the governor,
chief juslice, uttoiiii > -i;cneiiil, collector <d' eustmiis,
and uDvcrniiH'iit-semlKry, and ol an e'|iial luiiiihcr of
iiiudlicial pt Tsoii'* bcleeted by the Colli .-e of lileclors.
'I'hc Ci>lUneof tlecliuseuiisistsuf 7 genlliiiicii, elected
hy the iiihahituiiU hir lite. The iiiidlllcial incnliers
of the ( Dint ol Wiilicy serve for three >enr^, uml may
he re-elci-ted. Tlie Koveiiior, in the Couit ol I'olKy,
lius a eiistini? vnte, all other nieiiilier!i have each a
\ute. All Ihw.s, Willi the exec|ition of the Annual
Tux Oriliiiaiiee, are ei uctcd by the j;iivi'rnor and
t uiirt of I'olicy. The (Jiieen in ( ciuncil, may enact
or disallow any law. The Coiiiluncd Court is eoin-
|i Jill of the giisi I nor mid Cmut of I'olicy, and of live
liiiuncial repre.-rti'iitivis. The finuiiciHl represi iila-
liM'S, are chusi ii liy the votes of the iiihiihitaiils. The
CiMiihiiicd Cuiiit, (hseins the aniiii 1 estiiimte, exa-
mine theexpi iiilifiiie and receipts of the past year, and
raise the aiiiiuiil ta.sc* by ordinance. There are three
|iiohsMonal judges who constitute the Supreme Civil
Court, there is uii apjaal to her Majesty in Council.
The Hull Coiiif.nt which ducuineiits are tiled, evi-
ilciice taken and recuded, tians|ii)rts and niiut};at:cs
ol luupi'rty executi'd, and ail civil cases rehrred for
ndjiiilicatioii by the Siipnine (Joint, is held once a
fortiUKht befoic one pinrcssiiiiiHl jud^e, Appeal or
rc-aiiilitioii, limy he oSlaiiird hctore the Supreme
Court. A I'etly Diiit Court is held once a month,
hctore one pioles^ioiial judi;e. The justices of the
peace have a!so a petty d. lit jurisdiction. The threi'
piMicssliiiml judjiis with three colonists, as assessors,
eiiii^titiite the Siipreiiie Cniiiiniil tdurt, there were
seven convictions in IKltT. In criminal cases, three
assessors, (juahtied by certain re.;ul.it ons, and o|)en to
dialli'iige <is jurors, arc associat. d with tic judges, and
piiiiishmeut can only be intlieicd by sentence of the
majority delivered in open court. In each of the
aliiue-iiientioned colonies, courts id' inferior jurisdic-
tion in civil and criminal causes are established, sub-
ject to the appeal and revision of the superior court
of assize.
Kjich male freeman between the ages of \C> and
.'lO is compelled to enrol himself in the militia, which
is liable to be called out at the pleasure of the governor,
tor service, not extending beyond the preservation of
internal ti'nn(|uillity. The strength of the militia may
lie reckoned at o.OOO men. The senior ollicers in the
country are justices of the peace, and exercise a juris-
diction over certain districts, each of which is distin-
jruished by dillerciit coloured banners. They are
Icriiiid burgher ollicers, and their duties in general
coii.sist in proiniilgatiii;; pioclainations, taking dcpo-
■•ilii/iib iijioii tax schedules, currying into i (I'eet public
and Uieal laws, and pulling down any dlMtiiiimnceH
which may arise within their jurisdiction.
.S7«»/.— One conimuiider-inehief, I brigadier and
inspuctorgeneral, I adjutant general, .'t adjutmit ad-
jutant-generals, ;i rides. di'canips, •.' brigade majors,
'J judge advocates, ,'t lieiit-coloncl coinmaiidants.
One lieiit. -colonel, II .niijors, M captains, 17 llrst
lieutenants, .''lO second lieutenants, I 'J iiiljutaiitH,.iy
(|uartet-ii'.»sters. III surgeons, Jl assistant-surgions,
I.').') sergeants, !'.» diuniiners and bugles, ii,'.)(i'.) rank
and file. In Hcrhice there are four regiments, con-
taining II) ollicers and II I non-commissioned otheers
and rank and file.
.\I. The income of the coluny is from the following
sources : —
Table of Taxes and Duties received at the Oftiee of the
Colonial Ueccivcr-general, under 'be authority ol
the lliinoiirable Court of I'olicy, combined with
the Financial Representations of the Inhabitants of
the District of Demerara and KssKpiibo.
luronic Tiix pin/tihlf hi/ lliosr irhosf Ui'ri'iiiu' or Ui-
rrniii's, froni |.i/ Jiinitnnj ti> \sl Diri'mhrr, iiiiumiil In
liny Hum frnni —
No. 1— tl.'iill) to f2,(M)() pay. .
2
2,0(1 1
A
;(,:.()i
4
.'i.OOl
.')
(•.,.101
C
^,001
7
10,001
H
15,001
'i
20,001
III
2.:,ooi
II
:'.o,ooi
\>
;(.'i,ooi
13
10,001
It
■l'i,001
1.'.
.".0,001
10
,'•..^.,001
17
(;(),ooi
Is
fi.'),00l
!'.»
70,001
20
7.''.,ooi
21
80,001
'I'l
H."),0(ll
23
'J0,00l
•2A
'J.'>,(»OI
2.-|
100,001
L'ti
1 10,001
•21
120,001
2^
i:u),oi)i
29
140,001
3«.
.'.'(.
7U.
100.
121.
172.
3,.'">00
.'■>,000
•"...•lOO
H,000
10,000
C^ooo
20,000
2.^,000
:io,ooo
3.''>,000
40,000
4.''i,000
."lO.OOO
.").'■., 000
r,o,ooo
r;.'i,ooo
70,000
7.".,ooo
HO, (100
8r>.oiio
!)0,000
'.(.■.,000
10(1,000
110,000
120,000
i:io,(iOo
1 10,000
1 ujiward
Tux on Hoi.ii:s. — Klcven shillings for each horse, to
be paid by its possessoi on the .'{1st Deeenihir, ls;((;.
Tax on C«;vi(/ye.v. — Thirty-three shillings for every
two-wheeled carriage; C.fijf. for every four- wheeled
ditto.
Tiix on Prodiirr. — To be )>aid by all proprietors,
rciiti'rs, or occupiers of any plantation on the follow-
ing descriptions of luoduce. Sugar : 4 .stivi'rs and
13 pennings on every 100 pounds, Dutch weight.
Hum: proof 18 — 31 J stivers o\i every 100 gallons;
ditto, I'.l— 203 ditto; ditto. 20—274 ditto; ditto,
21— 2r.A ditto; ditto, 22— 23;i ditto; ditto, 23— 21^
ditto; ditto, 24— ly, ditto. Molasses: 13^ stivers
on every 100 gallons. Coll'ee : Hi | stivers on every
100 pounds. Cotton: l.li stivers on every 100
pounds. Tax on Cattle and I'laiitains sold: \l [icr
cent, oil amount in value sold.
Ilriicnn iinil '/'onmiiif Dull/. — Six slivers per ton for
:.lo.
37M.
41(1.
r.ic.
.-.Hi.
(■|.'>3.
722.
7yo.
8'>i».
!)28.
!»'.»7.
I ,OC.Ci.
1,131.
1,203.
1,272.
1 :.' 1 1 .
1,441.
1,.'.HI.
i,7i;».
I ,.s.iC..
4,000.
I
1
4
I3J
lUUTISll lilMANA. KINANCES
hii|i|inrt of liencon ; 'i'J Itivcn additional un every
ini'ri'hiiiit vexRi'l.
Diilii-i on H'itifK iind .Sjiiiili. — Sixty- six !tliiilini;ii
per pi|»i of I III t;ull()ii» of Madt'ira, or otlior v^iiic in
wood; 2 lloriiiH piT do/rii iiii liuttii'd \viiu> of I'vcry
dt'Hi'i'iptiiin mill dt'iioiiiiiiiitioii ; l.«. iter unlloii on nil
iijiiritiiciilit lii|uor» iiii|ioi't('(l into thr colony,
-.Hull/ iin Ihr fiiUiinini; (lim.h, W'lirfu, mtil Mrrrlnin-
dizr iiHiiiirtr.l into llir Ciiliniii, rig, — Tliri't" lloriiis |n'r
bnrri'l on whcnt lloiir [n llonn or Kiiildrr in ('(|iinl tn
l.'i stivers riieh ; in viiliie about Iti. uf Knglinli money] ;
I tloriii per barrel un rye Hour ; .'» utivern per bimliel
1)11 corn mill pulne ; III stivers per KK) lbs. (F.nRli!*li
weiKbt) on eorn nienl ; 10 stivers per 100 \h», (F.iiKlish
weiKht) on rice; ;i lloriiis per linrrel on beef and
piirk ; 10 stivers per i|uiiitul on ilry lisb ; H (guilders
per barrel on piclvled salitmn ; 1 llorin 10 stivers per
barrel on niackerell ; 1 j;iiilder per barrel on lierriiiKs,
shnds, and pilcburds, alewives, and other pickled lisb
not bercin before eiiiiiiierntcd; '2 Riiildcrs per firkin
on butter; l llorins Id stivers per 1,000 feet, bound
measure, on timber; .'< llorins per 1,000 on staves
and headings ; 3(i llorins per head on neat cattle (ex-
cept such OS may be imported Irom (ireat Hiitaiii and
Ireland) ; l.'i llorins per head on horses, and all other
articles no enuinerated in this schedule (except specie)
an ad valorem duty of 2 per cent.
Tittnuii'nt Tiddi'ts' Ta.r. — Three percent, ad valorem
to be paid by all masters of sliifis on vessels, super-
carRoes, and others having non-residence within this
government, on all goods, wares, commodities, or
merchandize belonging to them, or which may bo
consigned to them, or placed under their direction or
controul, in which they may have any interest what-
soever, either directly or indirectly, although con-
signed (noininally or really) to any other person or
persons.
C'dii Ijrrn.ie. — One hundred and ten Horins, agree-
ably to the special amended Cart Tax of the 3rU Nov.
IM2I.
Liifiiiir lAvemi'. — Three hundred florins per annum,
Coiniiiiitilirr } I'lirh/ Hlnlriiinil of tin' Ui'Vfimc of
Dfiiifiiinl (lUit Kssniiiiho. [B, B J — In l-^'-'l , the gross
revenue of Deniorara and Ksseciuibo was about l.'i.OOO/ ;
IW7, .')2,H01/, ; I H'iN, .'»•», 702/. ; lM2y,f,0,2,'.H/. ; lis;<0,
Cf,,.').'')H/, ; ls;tl, a.^.'JVC./. ; 1«:»2, 4('.,.')48/. ; \HXi,
'17,27.1/.; I8;i.|, Hi,;ii7/. ; \H:ir>, :,;\,or,<ji.
Ui't't'iiiii' of DfiHcmra mid Esseqitihu for Ih:\Ci. —
Arrears of sundry taxes, 1,820/. ; taxes on horses and
carriages, l,l;»2/, ; tax on income, 2,'.) 02/. ; tax on
produce, 20, 118/. ; cart licenses, 188/.; huckster li-
ecii.ses, 78/. ; liipior and petty grog-shop licenses,
878/. ; beacon and tonnage duties, '2,'.i^>'M. ; colonial
duties oil wines and .si»irits, ,1,1) I'J/. ; transient traders'
tax, 180/.; collected lines, 28,')/.; net proceeds of St.
(jeorgc's jmrsonage, 281/. ; from the board of pidiee
on account of advances to e(dony workhouse, 201/.;
hospital money, 170/.; net proceed.^ of the Scotch
parsonage, I'Jii/. ; custom-house duties, -l/ii'ill.; ini-
jiort duties, 2.'<,8 l.'i/. ; received in silver money, as
part of dividends, 4,(i07/. ; deposits of appraisements,
3,3m7/. ; miscellaneous, 22,182/. Total, n7,H8,'-,/.
CoiiiiiKratiri! Vcarhi Sldtemcnl of the Jiercniif of
y;c/7/iVc. — 1827, 1".,h21/. ; 1828, i:<,yj8/. ; 1H2'J,
22,181/.; IKiO, 21,22'.)/.; 18:51, 1I,'.I'J4/. ; \hA2,
9,80"./.; 1833, 23,23<J/. ; 18:M, 20,847 ; 1 8;i.1, 14,20s/.
Rcrcniw of linhiie fci l»'M'>. — Vendue tux, 3U2/. ;
lastage money, l,0ti4/, ; hospital moiuy, 27/.; assis-
tant government sccretai>'s oilice, 31)1/. ; registrar's
office, 1,820/. ; receiver-general's fee on vessels, l.")l/. ;
sheriffs department, 107/.; swoni accountant's of-
fice, 9*^/ , income tax, 1,2^')/. ; aiiear taxes, lOl/. ,
tax on produce, 7,2'20/, ; tax on cattb and phtitnins
sold, 23r>/. : tax on horses and carriages, 402/.; im-
port tax, 4, h28/. Total, 18.l!)tW,
Compontlivf Yiuirlii Sliilfiiii'iil of thi' K.tT>^idiliiir
of Di'iinruKt mid /•.'.«.«'(/i()/i(i. — III I H J 1 , .'.2,07o/. ; 1 M'JJ,
4H,181/. ; 18L',I, 4'.),43l/. ; 1824,89,332/.; Mi-'i (no
returns); |82I"., ('.1,1,'.0/. ; IH27, f.l,.139/, ; IMJH,
.'.»,2.'i2/. ; 18'.".), (i4,03()/, ; JH.IO, (".2,710;.; IH.'II,
.M.MO/ ; Ih:ij, 42,494/,; I8;i;i, 38,997/.; 1831,
4.'.,923/, ; \h:\:,, :,:,,i)i:,i.
K.i'in'tuliliiri' of l)i'miTiiiii and K'isi'<iiiilin for 1 830. —
Kxtraordinary expenses, 1,3.")3/. ; contingent arrenr»,
74/.; table money, 1,. 108/.; exjiense of justice, 701/.;
fixed salaries, I,''>,4,'i3/, ; annuities, -In I/. ; house hire,
1,011/.; expenses of the colony gaol, 3.M/.; expenses
of the main road, 78.'./.; expenses of the liirlithouse,
412/.; allowances and rations to Indians, 043/. ; co-
lony-bouse expenses, .''.sy/.; printing expenses, 1,270/.;
colonial receivers' commission, 72h/. ; expenses c.f
public lettmgs, 1,782/.; expenses of the bene(m«,
702/,; militia expenses, 18|/. ; repairs of public
buildings, 111/.; repairs of public bridges, lO.'i/. ; cost
of new public buildings, 27/, , provision for religious
establishments, 2,8,17/, ; vote in aid of free schools,
2,20k/. -, civil list establishment, l.'>,73.'./. ; vote for
scho Is, 2,1 l.'./. ; repaid amounts of appraisement nl
npprviiticed labourers, 29, n7"./.; miscellaneous, l,'i,7ii-"i/.
Total, 97,371/.
Comi'Krtitiri' Vvarlij Slul'-wrnt of the F.riiriiditiiif
0/ /!e<7-«r.— 1827, 21,-197/. ; 1828, 14,120/,; IHL';*,
10,971/.; 18.10, 10,783/.; 18.11, l,'-.,040/. ; 18;!:;,
15,4Hl/. ; 183.3, 10,331/.; 1834, 18,.'-,03/. ; 183.5,
16,034.
Kjpenditure of Berbire for 1 836. — Fixed salaries,
4,909/.; extraordinary expenses, 210/.; annuities,
33/.; public lands uiid buildings, 3 10/. ; table money
to the king's orticers, 482/. ; roads and bridges, 209/. ;
Berbice ferry, 211/.; colony-house establishment,
71/.; printing expenses, 20/.; house hire, 2.'t0/. ;
commission account, 982/. ; arrear claims, 4<i,'i/, ;
miscellaneous, 8,J7."). Total, Mi,. 17. I.
Riiti' of Tiilitf Mourij iilliiiri'd tn Ihif difTcmit Miti-
tnnj Hunks in Di'nifrtira mid E.isiiiiiihii ditriin; tin'
i/i'dr iH.'tO. — The major-general eommandiiig, .'t^l/,
sterling; field ollicers attached to or comiiiiindiiig
regiments, 42/. ; captains, when commanding ditto,
42/. ; orticers commanding outposts, 42/. ; ollicers
commanding the royal engineers and artillery, 21/,;
ordnance storekeeper, 21/.; ordnance clerk, 21/.;
clerk of the works, 21/.; hospital staff, without re-
ference to runk, 21/.; commissariat commissioiud
ortici'rs, 21/,; regimental stall" ollicers, 21/.
/■'.(■/(('H.sv'.v inriirri'd hi/ (!rf<it itritain for MiHtnnj
I'rolfiliiin, and in iiid of Viril F.sltitdishmvnt, fur tlw
iji'dr XH'M't. |I5.B.] — Ciiinmi.s.iiirict. Provisions and
ioragc, 10,781/.; fuel and light, 1,234/.; miscellaneous
purchases, .">82/. ; transport, 1,012/.; pay of estia
stair, 030/. ; military allowances, l,2.')8/, ; special ser-
vices, 117/,; contingencies, 29"^/.; ordnance, r.,i"i77/. ;
ordinaries, 17,93,")/.; pay of commissariat ollicers,
9.'),')/. ; — total, 47,492/, sterling. Deduct paynu'iits -.
Comniissarit, 308/. ; ordnance, 1,702/. ; — Nett charge,
4.'".,-l2I/.
The preceding statement includes repayments con-
nected with Ordnance saw-mills at Berbice, which
establishment has reference to the service of the
whole command, and not to that colony exclusively.
RiTdpitnUttion of the Kstiihlishment for Drint'iiini
and R.ssfijuilio in 1k30. [B. B.) — Civil j'stablishineiit,
38,177/.; contingent expenditure, 71/.; judicial es-
tablishment, 7,97,'.', ; icclesidstical cstublishnient,
I 1,0.(2/ ; miatellunciius exiiciutiluie, 9,902/. , pm-
mUTISII OI'IANA— rOMMF.HCF..
I3:<
ittlc nnd plniitniii"
rrltfl'it, 102/. ; iin-
n/ thf KTprlnHtiiir
2l,.'>2.07(W.i IN'.'-.',
MU.M.'fJ/. ; IH'.Tt (nri
, f.J,M:i',»/. ; \H2H,
I, C.L'.TKI/. ; 1h;u,
, 3M,'.)'»7/. ; Ih;U.
wquihn fnr IH.'JCi, —
t'ontiiisi'iit ni-ivarn,
(0 (if jiistici', 7 I'll/. ;
•|wl/. ; lioiiHC hiri',
nl, ;t.'iW. ; txin'iisiN
1 of the liu'litliiuisi',
Iriiliniis, CA'M. ; in-
it;i'xpfi)«c», I, •.'"<»/.;
L'H/, ; cxpi'llSl'S of
t's of tlio l)cn('iii\-,
repairs of public
briilRCH, ITi.'!/. ; cost
)visi(in fi)r ri'liKiuus
nid of fri-i' schools,
iri,7.').'i/. ; voti> for
of nppriiisi'inrnt of
iCulllUlCUUS, I 'tJCi.')/.
()/ the Krpruditiiii'
'H, I J, I :.'<'/. ; 1HL>:),
1, ir..Mr>/. ; iMMj,
I, I8,r.03/. ; is;^:.,
36. — Fixed sniarica,
, 210/. ; nnniiitii's,
n 10/. ; table money
I and t)riilf;es, •j.Ci'M. ;
iiiise estnlilisliiiuiit,
'louse hire, 2.'t0/. ;
iir claims, \*'>'tl. ;
//(-; difirnil Miti.
tfuilm durhi'j; Ihc
ommiiiuiiii;;, :i'JI/.
or coiiHiiiiiiiliiii;
mimnmiiiiK ditto,
ts, 42/. ; olViccrs
nd artillery, 21/. ;
miice clerk, 21/. ;
staff, without re-
riat comiiiissioiied
rs, 21/.
liiiii fur MUildnj
ildishmvnt, fur the
I'rovi.-ions ami
1/. ; iniy,(i'lli\ui()iis
pay of extra
i.'iM/. ; special ser-
irdiiance, ('),ri77/. ;
missariat ollieers,
Inct payments ■.
:/. ; — Nctt charge,
repayments con-
t lUrhiee, which
service of the
loiiy exclusively.
\nt for Dfiiicnirii
\\\ cstahlishmeiit,
1/. ; judicial e>-
cstablishuieiil.
'.',902/. , ['ell-
:<)
.'/.
• ion?, ■)H2/.i— total, 70, (ill/, paid l»\ the colony in for lH;t7, wai 7,'.»Hj,0OOir. I»rivnle house ainY) tiandit
,li iling nionry. tiot liable to taxation, vi/. I.ncy Tov OOO.OOOif,
Uriiiiiihil'iiiiin of III'- K-liihlisliiiirtil fir llrihiri' in i In all eipial to <"ill,77x/. stcrl. The \;, .i of liount'*
l»;t(i. (II. H.J — Civil esfablishmeiil, l.'J.I l(i/. ; judicial , and lands in New Ainiiterdnni, usHcxsed for taxation,
intiihlishnient, i.uoo/. ; cunt iii^'eiit expenditure, ('i I/. ; i» I,:ihh,I,'iH«- 'I'.M.'iU. In (ieorKC Town, the tax
((■(IcHinstical establishiiieiit, 1,277/.; fontinu;ent ex- on housen and lamls for 1h37. ^^as I (h-i eiiit., and
about the same in New AinatvidHin. The tax on
(leiiditure, 7.'i/. ; miscellaiu ous evpenditiire, t>2i'il,
ii'MHions, .'t;i/. ; military (lisliursi'inents, IHI/. ; — total,
I(i,.''i7.''i/. paid by the colony i-i tterlinn money.
The estimate of the pulilic expenditure for |Htl7,
«ii» l,.'»2l,yoi«. - l(il,;»2l/. lo,« Hterl. The civil
list included in the above, was2" I,;i00i;.-=|'.),.''i;»2/. 10.*.
still. The avera};e baluiii'e In the chest, nt the end of
rich ipiarler was iri,;<'.tM/. [h.i. '.i.^./. 'I'lie auioiint re-
eeived from the custom house in aid of the colonial
leMiiiie, after puymciit of the custom's establishment, ! missariat chest, is vstimated to liavi' been
ttns 7 l,7:t2,IU'. — .'>,3:««'. ^tel•|. The value of li.iu.ses 10,000/, sterl.
mid lands in Cicorge Town, as assessed for taxation
XII. IMI'OHTS ANU SlllPl^lNU OP DKMERAR4 AND KS8EQU1B0.
vendue and execution sales, (triKlneed in Denierarn
for the lieneht ol the iinappreniticcd poor, :Ul,0(lOir.—
2,l.'>0/. The pilot establisliincnt of Denierarn and
Ksse(piibo, reirived and disbursed in Ih;17, about
70,00(l«-.:=;.'i,(l()0/. sterl. The value of the imports
during I h:i7, as returned for taxation, is '>27,0><<i/.l-«.l''.
sterl. The value (d the exports diiriii}; 1^.17, is esti-
mated at 1,111)0,1'.'.')/. The expenditure fromlhecom-
n 18:t7,
Vnirs.
ISVJ
IS-.M
IH'.'I
IS'JIi
is'j;
IH'.t!l
ISilll
In:i|
|s:li
ln:l:l
ls:it
ls;)(i
\Hi-i
l:m
I8'J4
Is'ifi
1H'.7
IS'.'H
IS'J!)
ISJII
ib.ii
IN:l-i
is:i:i
is:ii
1.1 :iO
Great Britain.
West
iliiUles
' North America.
Vnl.;*' No.
;i.'rii)Mii
10(1; I II
4()S(lin
.■iicisi!)
.'ill.'!.'!!!!
JH()i)<)H
.nam;
CKl.'e.';
:i(ili:i.^(i
Uu:iH4.'i
l,1A
I'JH
irr
1711
IHI
l(i|l
1 110
18,-,
I
Tons. Vn\.M;
I
907:M1
Vnl.^ No. I Tons.
2H(t;(il
fU.VI' Idl-I; It.VlKI' lltl
:i;ii.i; i:i:inI' iiss.m I4I
im'2 uMWii :i(1.'>i()
-"itidi -jcMiiiiadns;!
.'):l:l.^(i 'Ji.'iilii
.tllCIH 'JKiJH
.'ilDHII 211 CM
I i7-2J.l
CIlll.MI
r.'.'iKis
'.•ilHlM
4;;iii •ji(l(i(i'i'j;ia;a
Unitca State*. , Vdrtlc* States.
Val. f No.l'rons. Val.jtf No. Tom.
14(IHI
1
urn ..
l4tl.V 4(1
l.'iiii;! (i-.i'JK;i; (iH
Ki-Jsii 44Uli4 5H
■JH.IKI
•jhh\ a;(i:t;
■4I!I| Mil'.'dlf
;ilU :il(!:<2 aili ..
;ia;i| 27m :':u"Hi a"
:t4,'i| au.'irtli 2fl;wa] w
i;(i< MKWi :i*<l()!l|llll.'iUli 4n.1| 3(!K-J(i TiSM] 'ill
i;h ,'imi;o luHHijio.'i'i.i.'il ;i(>hi •Jii.'jhd, 5;i.'i;, 47
IU4 .tSU;U IS4IIH;I(i4ll3(i{ M6 iMiW iiix.i ii
i I I I I
Krom I'.lscwiierc, value, \ht2, lM,(is;/. j 18-.(J, i;,'jy:i<. j lb'28, H74/. s .H-iy, .lilTi)!.
t.XHUKI'S ANU .SIIIPPINC OF D£MKUAK.\ AND ESSEQUIUO.
.. I 14(l;fl ..
(i;4« ! una xt
i(i-j;i ' 'jiiioii UH
HU;u I KUiH a:i
4H.'i|MI t)U
:<:i(hi 7(1
a IS »(ij-ji lll.^
.. , i.'iiisi 71)
ii-';i(i 61
4-i(i;(i 41
4.Ml.t 'ifi
•2in:ni. 37
■i4;i() 41
as 1:1
Ull(l(!
a(!.M
siu:i
340»
au44
7041
(l7-i!l
Hi.r.tH
717»
4(i(i(|
aijsa
■Jil.'iU
a/sa
«7S
Total.
Val. i I No. Tons. Men.
T
4!lSS7fl
SH(l!l-.>()
(l():l(i:li
53(i; i;
74a U'fi
;iii)Hii.'>
HllltllH
;ai.'i2w
(Hi 1 sail
.'\(l.'iH(l3
S4l4aH
,st)i4as
bsa(iju
:i7n' ««.i7fl' .ipirt
a(is, (bsda adso
*\'i 7(i7a!) 4u;8
517, H«44S! ..
sa7 H,'Ki77 »1»7
SHj) II2HIIS 5S(m
.'i(>7 Ni.i'j Id rriMt
On I H:i;iiii sasi
s;i H4idd sdoa
daa !ias(i!) ss,i4
dao uD'j'.M sa;7
S4a Hijauij 5'j4s
iiHsafl;
1
iaai4Ha
Ki;
ia4a.'ida
iss
iiia(i;a-i
I4S
KiMIH.'ld
l|((i
isMsaa
i{id
KfMiaiH
•-•la
idd7diis
liia
I4iisa!i
ls»
ia4!ifi.'i;
li'l
l.'.a.idsd
ais
iiOna;.!
IS!)
ityuKiti
■■ 1
.. I laaiiM 4d4ii ..
4SHI4 7(i<iti a4aiia 144
iai4H; iiuiai 4147a KiH
4171111 a4;i'>ii aHiiia aiii
s.syi;] S(id;a 4hi«; aai
ssaiji: 4af)!»a a7;aa aai
57s;n; 4iMia 4aass ass
siH.-)H, siai;, (ii)(i(i7 a7!»
.sa4ia 3d(i7a Odsii aad
.saiisdi a.^nal 4a4sa a4!i
(ioajiii' Sdi«; sa;da anii
siisH aaiiaii 4iia'j; ao.i
lUdiis .');aaij ..
. . I ainia . .
latiao isaH; ag siiid
1 laas a(ia»<7 ,'i(i 1 7s mi
id;M!) i;.'.ytJ 4a 64U8
asi.ias; .. .. ..
adsd4.iuy7i2
adasH
asrt7a
a7!'Sd
a4!)7(l
ai.iKda
aii4ni
1
a-
17
17
as
i;ia,'.i ..
<ii«7d iH
M7SHS aa
i.mas; 17
11 mill a.^
.. ] aii!)7 14
.. Maayi) ad
tM j ddHH aa
367s ; i4a7S I a
a44i) <)a4a in
a 1 41) I 7(iHd II
3758 ' i7(idd
.. I 434311 ..
34;fl I
as37
444()
asra
4iiaa
a()!)7
I<l3d
aaia
1 4 1 aaas
I aHaH 1 1
I4I4HIH
lads:i(i!i
IKii.'idai
1731141(1
lHM4ddS
artH fi;ad5! add;
aiis dHi)d7| ansa
4dS (\7-t\i;) a7(iM
S4a HdiHs' SOCl.)
S4I Hsaas! sodi
S!)3 9a I lid' SS-JS
iHas;(iil siis !)4.sa3 sddn
issdua! sd3 HSHd;! suis
ia;id7r .'id; HadsH 4K;a
Id7i i IS7I3|(); (iaa 93!);a ssja
iaa8 u.'iiidus diii Kdyaj .'■hik
iOo;a7H ...
To Elsewhere, value, iHad, 1.082'.; iHan, 6,281/.; i8ao, ini,n27'. ; 1831, 39,71a/. ; 183a, .1(1,337/.; I8a3,ad,ii7/,
IMPOUr.S AVD SIIIIMMNO OF BKKIliCK.
arcat Britain.
Years.
Val. i'l No. Tons,
iHja
isL'a
IS'.' I
isjd
Isj;
I S-.'S
1HJ!(
I Sill
Isaa
Isiia
Isai
ls;ld
Aiaia
(id;;a
1 (i I -.ilia
I Hllllld
' SSJ8.-,
I ;i.'iod
;;.-,iiii
I 101. Ml
II 132(1 at
H.'ioiMi as
d.lSdS
I dlHIIH
as
31
ai)
as
33
28
ad
ft3(in
dsai
d8ld
d.ld3
8i;d
;i(is
d8(i3
31 I hll'j;
i 847a
743s
. dass
11.143
23
4d
West
Indies
Val. £•
North America. United States.
Val. .f No. Tons. Val. £ No. Tons,
1S3(|II
1MII3
hd la
IH.'ilId
a4S42i
a;diHi!
aCiaoa
21(113
aiiiii
adiiia
aiiiiaii
SH8a
laiiiid
I3S13
idsai
(JOIIII
isa;;
asiiiiii!
177117!
1!I7'J^
a7i)ndi
1 174S|
II8IS1
aaima'
Ida
III
133
ISH
lliri
IHH
17!'
1114
a7a
aid
asd
108
8fi3dl
73HI
diyj
7i2d
1)4 7S
11438
1 11811 1
IdCidS
I. '1(178!
I lasi
land
asda
laos
Ids 14
saou
3ld8
41I8A
!)ja
id87
8d57| 12803
371
aao
iy7a
1114
7O8
44a
138
4ad
I807
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.i' No. Tons. 1 Val. ;<?
S712
4837
ad IS
8Sd i
sdds
SIHMI
;sS2
(ins
SH3S
3Sd8
4SS3
ta;7a
14
3
6
1
17
I a
Id
1)
11
14
111
in84
1128
laaa
a 70
i-.';a
I Hid
1401
1)08
8118
Hid
di) I
sio
No. Tons. Men.
92S9H
»S76a
!)asy7
ii7dso
1 1 38dy
I3IS4S
131778
1(11177
1721)31
133379
) I iCiys
12735(1
ao4'
181,
181
11)0
218
aay
aai
a I'.'
318
2811:
and'
i.syyi
I. sad I
idaoi
1SI13
I8yi7
19733
lyidi
21208
a57i)o
aao73
aos7i
i7a| aasid
1089
I mm
1 d .'3
los;
I I IS
13(1(1
1338
I .I8A
17-'S
1S73
I isy
lain
Kliiin Elbewli.'ie, value, 18J2, l.ilS/ ; isaa, 121'. j IS.'S, IS'., 182:1, JSi;'. , 1832, y.-^d'. , lsJ3, aaon/. j 1831, J21S'.
i'j t
134
nRITISM GUIANA.— MONETARY SYSTEM, STAIM-R PRODUCTS.
EXHORTS ANf SIIIIM'ING OF RKRIIICE.
1833
1H2I
IH'Jfi
Ih-JH
IH'ii)
In:ii
is:i'2
I8:i:i
1n:ii
3s;9i9
ai
fififil
liMin
4D.'<i)
16H
»07S 931
3
431
IHMIIIl
36
siifia
3337.'.
S43!l
H3
4448 38.'.
1
113
IHd-.j.Mi
;)i
7i:'»
1 .'.678
4037
lAI)
6(131 .M47
K
l.'>83
l.'i3rt«ll
30
A 151)
3()7(MI
!)U00
1H3
10.^.^3 3000
4
645
■2-2-J4-itt
:ii
7543
314.'.7
i»77l
140
8,'.!»» . .
•.':iy3S(l
37
fi»|l6
4I8IIII
15437
316
13371) ..
.,
iHir;t6
3A
6330
S38;.'V
14137
3(lfl
13ltiH ..
, ,
aiisaia
:io
7737
41347
33733
310
113041 !)41.'i
4
419
2h;is»
33
8763
,'>!)433
3HI,'V2
303
17113. 3177
3
343
-.^iHII!)
3!)
746:.
433H3
1 4:16(1
37!)
16340 3|).1
3
38(1
■.':*()H(i 1
33
6'.>(i4
3IIIII
III6II
36.'.
13740 ;;.io
3
3.13
439366
45
IISU
COHSO
18U34
13a
10074 6sp2
9
1389
831R9 17
491131 l.".
■MihM^ 4
36000 1 4
34489
33330
30130'
141001
lS44Mi
19.'>73
343381
1806
389031
319
17093
14,17
374331
13.1
11381
1133
340970
193
10771
1004
337300
58
1 7358
7.I8
31)814.1
183
16896
98.1
319797
250
31360
1033
383868
339
19430
.168
333837
346
30138
306
393361
338
36331
30.1
303349
313
34390:
39!)
306778
394
30753'
1060
1
559880
1H5
23941
191
770
1196
1315
1134
lIHf)
1375
1409
1 785
l68li
1 185
1435
To Elsrwhcrr, value, 1833, 5933^ No rctiirDx for 1330 and 1835.
'llic shlppin); which entered the ports ol ilritish Guiana in the year I837 were, iu iiumbiT, 653 ; tons, 1 10,093 ; Hc-iinun,
6,375.
Dntrli
Stivers.
1.')
I'rnninRS
14
7
1
4
10
.')
XIII. Tho monies of nccount in Iliitisli Ciiinim arc
^;uilclL'rs, stivers, and pi'iiiiings ; IG pcniiings une
sliver, 20 stivers one giiililcr.
KnRlish. (inildcr,
llnlt-a-crown 1
One shilling
Sixpence
One penny
Half-penny
I'arthing
Pass at these rates by virtue of a proelaniation of !
tlie (iovernor. There are no pilcl or copper coins '
(British or Foreign) current in this colony.
(,'olonial Currency — Pieces of three gui''ler», ecpinl
to (>() stivers; two (li.to=4(); o.-.e ditto=20; half
ililto=l(t; ipiarter ilitto = .').
Foreign ('urrency — S|)anish dollar, eipial to TiO
stivers or three guilders; half ditto=.'10 or li;
(piarter d'tto-ir. or j.
Amount of Coin in circulation — Ml, I Id pieces of
one llorin each, I'.l.i U". Ilorins ; .■<7,;).'>H pieces of 10 1
stiviTs each, 1h,'.»7'.» lloriiis ; 7'',.'!s4 pieci's of live
•stivers' each, l'.»,0'.)('i ilorins ; t}H,'i-jH pieces of two and '
a half stivers each, 7,.'M<i I'.orins ; total, >\A,M1 Ilorins
-4r.o7/. l-J,«. lo[(/. sterling. ,
PapiT currency in circulation — l.'l,2.')H notes of one
joe or 2'2 Ilorins each, 2yi,<'i"(> Ilorins ; 8,1hI» of two
joes or 44 Ilorins each, .SCO, , "J If. ; .J.iiOl of three joes
or riCi Ilorins each, 277,i'''r) ilorins; ;»,l '.O of live joes
or 110 Ilorins each, ;<4t;,.">00 Ilorins; 1,700 of 10 joes
or 220 Ilorins each, .•n4,000 Ilorins ; 1,2.'')0 of 20 joes
or 140 Ilorins each, ."..''.O.OdO Ilorins; total, 2,1'.)'.),7.')H
Ilorins— 1,'.", 12.'./. il.v. :../. sterling. In Herliice the
paper c\irreney on the Hist December, \hM, was
l2<'i,0U2 guilders, issued on the security of the revenues
of the colony.
('()«/•«• (,/ K.((7/(/Hi'v — The rate of exchange in all
i;overninent or public trHiisaetions is lixi'd, by an
order in council, at 4v. 4i/. sterling for the Spanish
dollar of three guilders ; ■ hich is e(|ual to l.'l iriiililers
and ll-l,'Uhs of a guiliu. to the pound sterling.
This exchange does not vary. The rate of exihange
in private and nu'rcaiitile tran.sactions lluctuate from
l.'t to It'i guilders per pound sterlin;;, according to the
demand for or scarcity of bdls on (ireat Itritain. It
is now (December HI, iHltf.,) at Liil,*) guilders to the
pound sterling. [M. I).]
liiiiikiii!:;. — There is branch of the \V. I. Colonial
Hank, at Demerara; and there is a local establishment
called the "Ilritish Hank ot (oiiunn," the lii.s! halt
yearly meeting of which was held ;tlst Decembi'r,
IH.'n, at George Town. The following is an nlmlinci
statement of the ullairs of the " Uritish Honk of (iui-
ana and the Berbicu IJranch, 31st December, 1H37 :—
Dr. florins.
Due to proprietors lor paid up capital l,.'')ll,ri(;(i
Ditto lodgments, and interest on deposit
rcceipta ..... 1,1. ■•.'(, ('.I'lj
Balance in favour of bank . . 7.'),h;i:)
Total
2,743,(177
Due to the bank on account of securities
in bondb, bills discounted, cash in hand,
N.C 2,f.fl,1,S|s
Bank premises ..... 47,H('i()
Preliminary expenses . lO.Odii
Total
2.7l3,(i7s
4,.')00 shares subscribed from the colony, and held
by 'U'lO pro|)rictors. Instalments (d ;'.() percent, bavi
been pai<l up.
The bank has received a charter, amimg the condi-
tions of which it is stated are the following: — llall
the subscribed capital to be paid up. Liability ni
each .shareholder to be continued lor one yi'ar alti r
liis disposing of his share. Full accounts for each
week to be published every half year. Bank pre
eluded from purchasing or holding its own stock. No
advances on security of real proper*/. Notes not less
than live d .iars, and payable in silver. Amount ni
paper discounted, bearing the nmnes of director.^ or
otlicers of the hank, not to exceed one-third of the
total amount discounti'd.
.VIV. Sugar, rum, coll'ee, antl cotton, form tln'
principal articles of growth and export. The follow-
ing return, giv(ii on oath, shews the produ<tiim ol
Demerara a.id Ki' :.e(piilio for three periods of tiuec
years I'ach.
In the fir.st iieriod (ls2:i, 1SJ4, and IHJ.-,',
2i:i,l7K,C.;i3 lbs. (112 lbs. Dutch -112 lbs. Iouik.s
.\voirdupois) sugar ; 1 7,77'.», I7.'< lbs. (•( dice ; ('i,s(1n,!II i
lbs. cotton. In the second (lH2t">, 1h27, iuid Ik2s ,
23'.»..''>.'')'".,'.»7.'> lbs. (Dutch) sugar; 13,H<(7,On3 lbs,
(oll'ee; 7,3s<.),;i73 lbs. ccdton. In the third (ls2'./,
\k:W, and ls31), 2r,2,70'.i, '■.')'.) lbs. (Dutch) sugar;
7,0.'.'J,431 lbs. collee; 2,2.'".2,:..')7 lbs. cotton.
It will b(- seen from the foregoing, that, whih' colVri'
and cottiMi cultivation diininislu'd, sugar increa«''tl. A
return of produce from InIO to 1,h;ii is given on tLi
iR\t page.
CTS.
21!)
iroon
'1
IL'S
ll:iMi
(I
iu:t
ifi—i
AH
1 7;ifiH
h
1h:i
irmiiOi
7
2:io
•2vm\
H
any
I!M:iii
7
a4«
2(1 I2H
i
3:iN
2(1:121
9
;iii
2i:«.iii,
H
•JIH
2(17.1:1'
iHr,
2.'I!MI
Mil
iijia
1245
1121
IIHO
I :);,'.
I i(i<l
irrtA
Kisd
1 IS.I
tons, llO,(i|);l; scniiKii,
lowinj; is nii iihslniii
Mritisli Hank o!' (iiij.
Ueci'iiiliLT, \H^^^ :—
llorins.
pitiil
l.r.ll.CCd
til dqiosit
•
1.1. -.;(.(;(; J
7.'>,.'<i.')
otul
-',7K<,(,77
st'ciiiitii's
1 in iiitiid,
2,(;s.'-.,,s 1 s
.
•l7,H(;(i
10,(1(111
Dfal •_'.7I3,(;7-
liu colony, nnd luld
of 50 piTtTiit. Imvc
»i
r, iiinoni; the oondi.
followin),' : — Halt
lip. l.inbility oi
lor one yeni- afti 1
necoiiiits tor ciu'li
year. I'.iuilv pre
ts own stock. No
Noti's not less
Ivor. ;\nioiint ci|
s of (lirt'ctors m
I one-third of tin
cotton, form tlic
port. Tlie follow-
thc production of
periods of tlircc
•<i.'J, nnd IHL'.", ,
1 1l' lbs. ■} oiiiuis
, cnlfee ; ('i,s(l,s,|i| ;
I ''-'7, iiiid INL'N ,
l.'t,H;i7,o.s;t 111-.
the tiiird ( ISL':i,
(Diltcli) sugar;
cotton.
, tiiat.whih' colli-i
i^ar increasf'd. A
>1 is niveii oil till
nRITESlI GIM.\NA.— PRODHCTS, PRICES AND PROPERTY.
The following is a return of (lie two districts of Dcmerara and Kssequiho united, since 1831.
13r.
Years.
Su;;ar.
lluni.
Molasses.
Cotree.
Cotton.
Value of
I'lantains.
Value of
Cattle.
Other
Revenue.
I,1)S.
Cialions.
Gallons.
I.bs.
Lbs.
Florins.
Florins.
£
I,«2....
Sll20'.IL'2r.
•2-SM,i.r,A
4(I17I.M
3417911
59'.l">10
(;2Hri(i.'ifi-.
3
\«:i.. ..
«7l'Ihh21
L'lH7-.';u
4(;:!<;2'.n
2.'->H77l4
.'■)38 1 2C)
.•<3.<7r>/.
f.579/.
t
is:vi....
71'.I.">«1hH
L':ui.Hir.;i
304»yC.2
I JC.C, 1(14
r)44;!40
30H(;4:t
no return.
iH'M'y,. . .
Hr<0X21;>r>
L';M«!I20
34<J1'J'J1
2C35741
4f.n078
404590
9H202
39019
No return for 1835,
Consecutive return of the Produce of Demernra and F.sseriuiho.
UKMKRAP.A.
ISIO
HI-'
Sugar.
Hum.
Ills.
9-':i-'t;
I2;t.'>19
I's|;!i|;i.v.>7(l72
t.sl ljl27.><02H2
■ ■" IHri;')7(l9l
PJhC.C? 13
1.-1/ 227H7I25
islH 240374 IH
■Ml9 ;i30(l924H
'■—:(•) 1 2H 107
30H.').")407
,0.. :!202:i7l3
iH2;f|3(iy<;2i74
1IS24!3493039('>
ls2.')|nl(;3l7Hl
I. >i2('. 33001815
1S27 12025H;i3
|M2M42.')J2;«90
ls29 4r.:<.'.7M(l
|h;{i)4i;451553
l!^3l 40,''iO42O2
I S 1 5
I M I (1
IS
I ,«20
1S2I
IH22
sal.
47i:iC..".
si-,i;u
8I70HI
7221 »C.
9(150 1 2
H'.»H0(i;»
94r,|OC)
1025032
14454(i5
lC.790.'n
143:!.'>74
l390C>(i7
12('>5035
1093931
105H393
12011 (13
13372(17
i;i7139H
isi()()()5
2('('),><(I2.S
J030190
Molasses.
Cotlee.
1,'nl.
Cotton.
5229HH
50l(iriS
52('i25:i
333:r)l
:t(l('.572
5252(iC>
ll2:<(Wi7
i;t79i(i(;
l.'illOlt
I3;«3284
I I95:t2('.
i45Ci.".;!(;
lll.U IM
ii(;75;<7
l(i075l()
lbs.
|I;i24hjio
(.i(;72«'.i
2951555
7i:»l"J2C.
.S270432
II2.5420C1
53701 l«
!(?55717
:io:i:Mio
•I I (10 13:!
9M9H297
()437s«l
59HCi4;i5
47:!55;U
(i05'J0<.)'.)
2579122
5121773
5ll5(i<l'.l
44.">OI2:i
1271177
1449292
E8SEQU1B0.
Sugar.
lbs. i
5821771;
4:i2245;<
240H2(;5
5 1944 1 C.
3H44(;9(l'
33',l3980j
3H4(;H8;ii
4198591
248.5483:
22('i(i27:(
2182127i
35iH5l4!
20(1595 7 j
1874147:
22970 1 1 ,
25272(11
25587(17!
15(i240ol
I 1 2747 Ij
51(17001
3790(18]
lbs.
i:i;M95;i(i
l(l:<17354|
1(1758414
l8.^,L'(;22li
2I8C.5329'
2124(10(181
304(12555
3(i0:»5i;v8|
3:{78t>.ll2J
;i5 1(1758 ij
31279222'
:i:to257:i4i
,37859;i5;)'
:U42288-i|
:i7il72(>iij
|.t7IOI378J
'I2i;ii3;w'
'12444 1(1 1 1
15295 151 1
i4:i220224
13483 1249i
Hum.
Molasses.
Colfee.
Cotton.
gal.
gal.
lbs.
lbs.
(loo.'tio
, ,
22f.992(;
1293(132
Hi;!o;i5
, ,
(187134
399711
84328(1
, ,
r,14149
2(17585
95552:1
919585
529481
l02(i80C)
158(1843
5(10298
105888('(
(1024 1 1
42(1.532
11(191(11
547151
93.5454
5;«(1048
1 28:i:i8!i
43(121
818827
584(183
1. •15(1558
4854119
4l(i;i90
228502
1 55 1 '.1 1 7
407(187
278778
1502.50
1284238
313200
709359
3224119
1 3:1(10(17
574017
382455
1(12445
1 1 5298 1
1 1 1 73(1(1
391588
1781(11
1027721
11:1752(1
255958
1751(18
1014755
1 15<)5I)(;
:1508(12
218439
1144580
11(12057
193074
273903
i;io:ii9i
152l8;)8
255723
llltOCi
I275;i07
I4:U)785
;»;M392
355(;:i()
15797:11
1 175589
105(16(1
89798
I908'.l',)2
97 8:174
52981
(17950
1514(108
128903(1
27192
41270
I'rodiicc of llorliice. [ 11
.11.]
t '
(
(3
i
olass
I \
a
>
tn
(inlN.
S
" 1
u
l.lm.
(JnlU.
l.bH. 1
LIlB.
IN'JK
llll.'-i.-.H2l
li:i!):i.l
1 r:t.-)!i7
•JI1I.'.7I
Ill.'iljI.'iO
1 W")
llK!sOIH4
i;7H!l
H:lKhl)
;)(i:WM()
(!l:i(i()(l
iH.m
.
IKIl
i.'ifi«tri.'>
71H(«i(l
24:Uiiio '
KilH.'.Hd 1
4l:i7H,'.
IH:t2
i(iir2r;t:i
.I8:li):i(i
4K,VI2'.' '
:iii(i:t(i.'4 1
.'i.'iNiyy
Ih:i:i
llH.'iKIKKi
;i:i(|.ii|H
IH.1(I(I7
ih7ih:.2 1
4l(i7:il
lh;u
9127:100
:i2U0(i
24;r - 1
i7(iy4.'.o 1
:i(i2(i(i4
IKIU!
2i82:tiy:i
0:u U7fl
.'. ..7h!
32:19991 j
I90H24
No Rvturnii for iH:in and I8:l.^.
The relative btale of cultivation of Stajilcs in Deme-
i:ira and l'.ssi'(|uibo, in May I>:i2, iiniy be judged of
by the following return of estates to government : —
■" ~^— — —
— — —
•o
■a
'
I'nrisli
i
1
1
li
1
tf)
1
X
CA
u
u
L>
H
u
St. ,\(ary, No. 1
f estiitoH
IH
!>
1
7
St. I'uiil,
Ulttw...
14
;(
(i
2
1
St.(ii'orgc«(St
. Aiiilrvw,
t
1
4
illtto.
St. Miittlicw.
ilittn...
d
11
5
St. Mark,
(titto.. .
1 1
»
lO
u
■i
(1
SI. Switliiii,
ditto...
2
!l
a
u
II
St. I.uko
(littii...
1:1
li
u
;t
a
3
a
St. I'fter,
ditto...
2H
u
I
St. Jaiiic'N.
ditto...
20
1
St. John,
ilitto...
IH
2
I
2
Trinity,
ditto...
20
1
1
2
I
1
(1
Total inimlicr. . . .
t.VI
.i«
12
Xi
4
10
A steam-ship eoinpany has been formed at Berhiee
for carrying on a communication with Demeraia and
the rivers of llritish (iuiana.
'*!
nUITISI! GflANA.— I'ROI'llUTY.
inn
n'riiilils. — Piiiu'liinlly sti'ilyiinls, t'ldin 1 tit it.riOO !
Ilw, ; 110 Ills. Dutch - 100 lbs. Kiislisli, or lO per
ci'iit. (lillVrciicc. or inciisiircs, 1 Diilcli cli of 'id iii-
I'lii's lili>liiii(l, is i'(|iiui to 27 iiiclirs.
Accniiliiif; to .Mr. I'l'lcr Kosc, ( I'.viilriic'i' lu'Cnrc W.
I. I'aillaiiu'iitaiy ('inniniitcc) xt' Dcini'iaia, tlic t'dlliiv^-
iiif; is the rust ol' |)iiHlucini; 10,7*i'.» iwl. of sii^ii', anil
.'is,,'t;! I ;,'all(iiis (if nun, nu an cstafi in tlii" hcst |iart
of Dcnu'iaia, with ."idO ni'\;roi's or Aorknu'U, on it:
sail li>h, (.77/. l.<. ; lothiu;.;, 7.'>0/. ; |i!anlaius pur-
iliasnl, 1,113/.; coals auil su(;ar li(ii;shcails, l,20'i/. ;
(lroi;hcrai;c, 300/. ; salaries, nudical atlcnilaiicc anil
la\c:i, l.'iOO/. ; pork, rice, port wine, lirieks, lime,
timber, luuilier, nails, temper-lime, lamp oil, tar,
pitch, cniila;je, cane, piinls, .Ve. I.O'.M'i/.; niachinery,
implements ^employell in the inainO'aeture of su}j;ar
anil rum), repairs of buililiiii^s, nci;ro houses, ftc.
1,000/.; in.iurance on liiiililiniis, •_' !,></.; total. 7,'.tl'.i/. 1«.
Cost of produetiiin ; I0,7ii'.l cwt. sn!;ar. at, iL'v.,
('.,l('il/. Hs. : .'•s,.'i3l liallons rum, at ('../. per '.gallon,
I , l.'iS/. 7.V. ; total, 7,'.il'.t/. I."i.v. 'riiese ealculal ions are
without rel'erencc to the invcsteil capital : this es'ate
cost the proprietors r_'0, 000/. sterling;. The l'oref;o-
ini; statement is {liviii, that it may serve lor future
comparison with a system of frei' labour.
/'.■■((•( .V <'/ I'mdiur, ,Sc. (// liriliiiY in Is3(i. [15 !>.] —
llorncil c.ittic about \'2I. cncli ; horses, MU. each;
.sheep, 'M. cacli ; swinc, 3/. each ; salt biitti'r, 21. lo.v.
per tirkin ; choese, ■_'.«. (n r lb.; whcatcn brcuil, l-li/.
the I lb. loaf; beef, Ironi C',./. to .■<.li/. per lb. ; mut-
ton, l.v. .■p.\(/. per lb. ; pork, ;i '. per lb.; loafsm;nr, l.v.
piT lb. ; Mnileira wine, ('.O/. per pipe; brandy, Irom
lJ,v. to I l.<. per f,'allon ; beer, iiboiit 'I. lOv. per lids. ;
porter, from .'*.<. >*il. to lo.v. per dozen
Diiiiiislir l.iihoiir. — About 2/ ''
\s. M. for bovs.
12.«. for men, and
I'liliit nf I'riipirlii .liniiinlh/ Cirali:!, anil Miunillr
iiiiU linmiiiYiilitf, in llnlish (liiiinnn, nilruM/t'il in
sli'ilin;; Miiiifi/, uml r.nlinliii'^- S/.irrs. — 'I'lie value of
property expended in purchasiui; ^l«vcs, has actually
nmoiilited in the ni;;.;re'.;ate, at l:;0/. each, I..
'.i,'.n''0,Ol»0/.! Sm;ar, 1,000,0(10 cwls. at 20.<. I,000,il0(i/.
Kiim, !, 800,000 ..,'all. at h. («/,, ;;.;o,0on/. Mokivse;,
3,1 ,(100 f^all. at 10./, IJ".,000/. Colfce, 1,000,(10(1
lbs. at 111., I l('i,(iCi('i/. ( otion, .'!, 1100,0(10 lbs. at lil.,
H7,.'iOO/. I'laiitains, value a) 1/. per annum all round,
100,000/. .Vniinal food and lisli, at t<l. per annum all
round, .".0(1,000/. Vegetable food, at W. per aiiiium idl
round, 100,000/. I\li icliandize made, r.OO.ooo/. In-
come and sundries, ('iOO,oi'(i/. Land eul'ivated and
Lirautcd, L', 000, (1(10 acres, at 7/., I I, ('00,0(1(1/. Duto
nneultivatcd, 3^,000,000 acres at 2v. (»/., I,0('(),000/,
1 estimate the productive uncultivated land in lliiti-'li
(iiiiana at rjO.ooo sipiare miles ; thus excludin;;
nearly one-half the territoiy as liarreii, a circumstance
which is i)\er cliniatcd, in oider not to cxa!;f;erate
the value of property, I'lihlir /'/v/iii/v— Wharfs,
I'orts, Harracks, Clnirelus, (iaols, Koads, (full L'.Mi
miles o( imlilir roads, averaf,'in',; COo/. a mile) Canals,
(some idea may lie formed ol the labour employed in
dniin;i;;e, and the capilal rcipiircd to establish it,
when it i.. statid that 30 miles of piinilr canals, \2
feet wide by live deep, and 200 miles of drains,
2 feet wide by Is iiiclics deep, are reipiin d for the
draiiiap;e and transportation of the canes to the mill of
an estate produciii!; 700 ho;;slu'ads of sii;.;ar.), .NiC.
1,000,000/. lYiraIr /')'7/.r/i/ — Dwclliiif;- houses,
Clothes, Plate, iMirniture, .S.c. I, '100,000/. Wharf-',
Boats, Itafts, Merchandize, Canals, Koads, Kr.
.■!,000,ooo/. Cattle. Horses, Swine, .Vc. ^00,o()0/,
Coid .111(1 Silver Coin in circulation, JO, 000/. Total
of I're.perty .Annually Created, 3, 7'<'.», I ii('i'. 'I'otnl of
Moveable and 'mmoveable Property, '_' 1,020,000/.
Since tiio (orosjoins paf;es were printed, tlie followinfi; dociimeni has been laid before the House cf Com-
mons, in eontinnatioii of the papers ordered to lie printed l' March I •<3x. No, \xu ; the statement is sub-
ioincil.as illustrntiv of an important tact in relation to the future prospects of the colony.
.Statenuiit of the \vera;;c .\nr.ual Mortality on Kivc F.sfates in Uerbice under Superintendence of Davidsons,
Harkley and C 1, compiled Irom monthly icnirns sent lioiiic d irinu; the hiit three years. The previoie^
returns (,as V ell as those on other estates durin;j; the same period) did not distinguish the free person-;
from the D;/prcntices, ami tlioreforc atronled no criterion of the dcath.s ninoii;^ the latter class.
Names of
E.stntes.
Numbei
1 Jnnunrv
1H3.^.'
• of Appre
1 January
)H3("i,
lUiccil Negroes on
1 Janunrv 30 Nov.
IH37.', 1H37.
1
Number of Deat
The Year The Year
Ih3.'>. 1S3C).
!
IS durin.;
The 1 1 Months
ending
30 Nov. 1S37.
(loldstonc Hall
Reliance . , .
Ilij;hbi.ry . .
Waterloo . .
Rose Hall . .
2 It I
272
310
138
2f)8
2H7
2(i3
.323
13.'>
2t)3
27.^ ' 2r,.'i
2.M 2r.2
311 300
130 128
2.'>(; 2.'">0
•1 12
;» '.»
17 12
to
2
II
**
I i3o>,» 1271 : i22(; ; iiy.'i i 3h , t.-.
• Add for December, IH37, Return m)t yet received, 31 deaths,
."ts deaths in 1,301) Negroes gives 1 ii» 34? as the average of lK3.'i.
45 — in 1,271 — 1 in 2>4 — 1m3i;.
34 — ill l,22(; — lin 3(i — IH37.
31'
117 it> 3,hOC> I in 32 J as the average of the three years.
A mortality less than the avrrai;e of several F.uropean nations; as Italy, (irecce and Turkey, in which tin
proportion, according to M. Moreuu de Jontie.'-, is 1 in ;it>, and very little more tlinii that within the lidb. ot
Mortality of the metropolis.
1^;-.
ili\l. and Moi-i'iillr
iiiiii, nitiuliilrd III
trvs. — Tlu' viiliic III
sllivi's, lins Hcliiiillv
It Ijd/. cull, Im
Ml •.'ll.<. I,(I(I(»,IM1('/.
•I.IMIO/. ,\|nla-si;,
CiillVi', 1,(1(111,(1(1(1
"111,(1(1(1 Ills. Ill 7,/.,
I' (iiiiiitiii III! r.jiMicI,
t Ti/. |it'( iKiiiiiiii nil
1 \l- |n'i- iiiKKiin nil
ilr, ."ido.ddo/. III.
(Ill ciilMviiti'd mill
I, ('(111,(1(1(1/. Did,,
!v. I"/., I,(i(i(),(l(i(i/.
tcil IiiikI ill Itiiti'^li
; thus i'xclii(liii);
I'll, iicii-cmiistniici'
not to ('xnu'^icrnli'
Vc/ic/Vv— Wlinils,
lliiiiil.'*, (full :,':i(i
•/. II mill') Ciiimls,
l)o(ir t'liiiiliiyi'il III
I to islalilisli it,
luinili' caniils, li;
mills of (Iriiiiis,
iiiHiiiiil for till'
iiiu's to till' mill of
U of sii^iir.), .S.I-.
Dwclliiij,' hoii.si X,
Ml,(l(l(l/. Wliiicl's
inis, KoMils, Kr.
»', )tc. M)(l,(l(l(l/.
1, lid.ddO/. Totiil
<.),\iU,t. Total of
, •_' 1.(120,000/.
i' lloiiHC (,f Com ■
'tiiti'iui'iit is .siili-
)«' of DaviilsDiis,
'I'lif iiri'vioic-
lio fri'o person^
IMS.
1 1 Months
lilillf,'
Nov. Ih;I7.
Id
•ai>,
■y, ill whirli I 111
hill tho ISills oi
i:t7
ClIAITEn m.—IIONDlillAS.
Section 1. Thr British settlemrnt of llnnduis, in
thi' pnivinrL' of YdCdtaii, is sitdato in the soutliprii
jiait of till- Aiiu'iicnii ('(iiitiiu'iit, liL'twccii fhi- paral-
Irls of 17 and I'.l N l«f. ami HM to '.)0 W. Ioiir.,
on a iicninsiila cxtcniliii;; from the west side of the
liny of llondiiras (that lithcr },'iv('s or takt's its name
from till' si'tllcmiMil) to the sia. northwardlv t'ormiiiK
till' May of ('anii)i'arliy on tin' west, and the Hay of
Honduras i llniiiliiiii, lii'pth of water) on tlio cast side
of till- pi'iiinsiila, til" coast line cxteiidint; (dioiit
'JIO miles ; the inlaiitl hoiindarii's are ill-ililiiied
Accordilif; to Henderson, the line whieh includes the
scttlcmrntcniiimencesat the month of the IlioCMiinde,
or Hondo, whose course it follows and afterwards
runs parallel with, for ,'t() miles — then, turning south,
passes tliroii;j;h the New Itivcr Lake, in a straiuhl
line, to the river ilalizc, up which it ascends for a
ri)iisiderahle distanci — -and then aKtiiii proceeds south
till it reaches the head of the Sihnii, whose windinirs
it pursues to the sea coast — 'the whole sittlcmeiit
emliracnn; an area of ('iL',7.')0 sipiare miles. The Mos-
ipiito shore — the Indians of which are in alliance with,
and, in fome respects, suhjict to the ( rown of (ireaf
I'ritain, extends from Cape (iracios a Dios, southerly
to I'linta (iordo anil St. Juan's river; N. W. and
westerly, to Komain river; and S. K. heyoiid IJoco
del rorii todoclec or Coli, near the river Chagre ai.-.
Porto Hello.
II. The Honduras coast was iliscovereil hy C'olum-
1ms in l.'iOL' — its period of early settlement is very
va'/iie. At (irst it was occasionally resorted to hy
nialii);xany niid other wood-cutters, whose chief phire
of resiili nee was then a small island called St. GeorRc's
Key, aliout nine miles to the N. K. of the town of
lialize, the present lajiital of the settlement. The
first ri'giildr estahlishment of Hritish logwood cutters
was made at Cape Cartoche hy some Jamaica adven-
turers, whoso iiumher.s increased so, that in a s'.iort
time, they occupied us far south as the river Hali/.e, in
thr Hay of Honduras, and as far west as the island of
Triste and the l.a<;una dc los Terniinos, aii.)acenl to
Campi'achy. The territorial jealousy of the Spaniards
was soon roused, and the (iovi^rnor of C'ani|ieachy
fitted out several expeditions a;;aiiist the loirwood
cutters, in which he not eiily failed, hut on two occa-
sions, in 10,5!! nnd ICTk, the cutters actunlly took
possession of the town of Ciimpeachy, without a sin-
rIc cannon, and aided only by the seamen engn;;ed in
the trade.
Hy a treaty concluded with Spain in ir,70, bySir
W. (Jodoiphin, the seventh article generally, though
not specitically, emhraced the territorial rif;ht of Hii-
tish o(eu|iancy at Honduras — and inconseipiencc the
Knslish population fast auKniented, the number of
whites (no net^rues were introduiid) hcint; then 1700.
The jealousy of the Spanish monarch at the success
of the Knglish, led to a renewed discussion of the ter-
ritorial right of our settlers, which the imbecile minis-
ters of the piisilluniinnus Charles U. so far admitted,
as to direct the (iovernor of Jamaica (Sir Thomas
Lynch,) in iri71, to inquire intu the same, and had it
not been for the spirited and pa'rioti*- conduct of Sir
I Thoma.s Lynch, the conduct of Spain would have been
sanctioned by the court of St. James'. The Spaniards,
\ at all events, determined to drive the woodmen from
I the {^lunpeiichy shore, and by ICihO, they Mii'ceeded
in confinin'^ the l'".nglisli to the limits now occupied.
l''rom this period the estahlishnniits on the other
side of (.'ape f'lirtoche wereen'irely abaniloned by the
settlers. In I7Ih, the Spaniards sent a lari^'c force to
try to dispossess the Kn;;lisb frotn tlu^ Halize river, as
they had done frotn the opposite coast, but the bold
front of the lo'.;w(iod cutters deterred the Castilians,
who contented thetnselves with erectini,' a fortifica-
tion in the N. W. branch, of which they held poss('s.
sioii for a few years, and rnially abandoned it. The
logwood cutters were left for 'M'> years in pea<-e, until
^ the attack on Triixillo by the Knuhsb in 1712, which
J led to the losi;^ projected expedition of 17.'>l,t<) exter-
' ininate the latter from Honduras. Hy the treaty of
peace in I7'''lt, the Spaniards were compelled to give
a fiuiniil permission > f o'-, upancy to the Hritish colo-
nists, though tli;> subseiiuently endeavoured to
annul it.
'I'he Spaniards made another attack on the settle-
ments in I77'.», destroyed a ;;real deal uf property, and
marched olf many of the Knglish settlers of both
sexes, blindfolded and in irons, to Merida, the capital
of Yiicutan, and thence shipped them to the Havannah,
where they were kept in captivity until Mr^i ; but, in
17H1, a commission from the crown of Spain was
aiilhori/.ed " to make a formal delivi'ry to the British
nation of Ihr liinds nllnllrd for the ciittini; of logwood,"
.Vc. It is necessary to state this explicitly, because
many persons are not only ignorant whether llon-
(i lias is an island or (lart of the continent, but very
m ny, who are aware of the position of the settle-
ments, think the British have merely a right to log-
wood and mahogany cutting in the Bay of Honduras,
• and that it is not a territorial occupancy of tiie British
I crown, which in fact it is, as much as Jamaica or any
other settlement. The last Spanish attack on tlie
settlements was diirintr the war in I ''.)>*, and consisted
of an expedition of ;i,()0() men, under the command of
Field Marshal O'Neil, who was gall.intly repulsed by
t;K; " Bay Men" (as the Honduras settlers are termed, ,
for which they received the thanks of his Majesty.
This act of coiKiucst is a perfectly go.>d title of occu-
panc
HI. The sea coast of our territory at Honduras is
Hat, and the shore studded with low and verdant isles
(keys). Krom the land the coast gradually rises into
a bold and lofty country, intersper-ed with rivers and
lagoons, nnd covered with the noblest forests. The
buy reaches from Cape Cartoche, in 21 ..'H, the N. point
of the peninsula of S'ucutan, to Cape I londiiras, in i fi
S. hit., and HCi W. long. Kroin tin --.ce the coast,
compn bending Capr fJra;.'ins a Dios, and extending
between .''lOO and (JOO miles to the mouth of the Rio
de San Juan as it flows from the Nicaragua lake, is
known hy the name of the Mosquito shore. Within
these limits lie .lie settlements which have been con-
sidered the dependencies of Jamaica.
The town of Halize (called by the Spaniard.'^, f'ulitf;
T
<y:M
li
i I-
M
1 •■'
' J
! !
um
HONDURAS.— gi;oi,o(;y, C(,IMATE.
f '6
corrupted from theoiiK'mnl, Wallis, tlic notod ICngliHli
buccaiufrj , the capitnl of tlie llondurns si'ttleiiii'iit,
is divided into two parts by tiie river Bali^tc, wliieh
empties itself by two moutiis in a tortuous manner
into the sea, at the western side of the Honduras
Bay, where, as before oliserved, tlie shore is extremely
Hut, with ninnerous l;eys or small islands dispersed
along the coast, and densely eovereil with trees or
shrubs, so exactly resemblinf; each other as to puzzle
the most experienced sailor, and rendering; navigation
exceedingly dillicult. Tliat part of Halize which is
situate on the S. or right bank of the river, along the
eastern edge of n "mint of land, is completely insulated
by a canal on its western side, which runs across from
a small arm of the sea, and bounds the town on Its
S. side.
The number of houses arc nearly .')00, many of
them convenient, well built, .spacious, and even ele-
gant ; they are cbietly constructed of wood, and
niiscd 10 feet from the ground. The streets are
regular, running parallel N. and S., and intersected
by others, the main one running in a N.K. direction
(to a bridge crossing the river, and facing the chief
quays and wharfs) from the government-honse, which
is situate on the S.K. point or angle of the island, on
the right bank of the river, and bounded on the S. and
E. by the sea. The church is situated behind the
government-house, on the K. side of the nuiin street,
and the whole town is shaded by groves and avenues
of the cocoa-nut and tamarind trees. To the N. of
Halizc is an extensive i.iorass, three miles in circum-
ference, now being drained. I'ort George is situate
about half a nule from the river on a small islet ; it is
low, GOO feet long and I'OO broad, principally formed
of the ballast from the shippiiig, every vessel being
ot)ligeil to deposit a portion of ballast proportioned to
its tonnagj;.
The lighthouse of Honduras, situate on Half Moon
Key, or Isle, is about 4.'5 miles l'^ by S. southerly from
Ualize. l.ike all the islands with vvhieh the Hay oi
HoiuUiras is studded, its appearance at a distance is
flat ; but, on a nearer approach, it is found to lie
more elevated than the keys in the neighbourhood.
On this bay staruls the lighthouse. In IHiil this
highly usr'ful building was erected on the N.I'",, point,
the most elevated on the island, which is a rocky pro-
montory, nearlj HO feet above the low-water nuu'k ;
and from its base, which is 22 feet s(pmre to the Ian-
thorn, it rises about ."iO feet. It is in lat. 17.12 N.,
and long. 81.2i* \V. It is built in n pyramidal form
to within nine or ten feet of the top. There is a fixed
reflected light from sun-set to sun-rise, for which the
public of Honduras allow the contractor the sum of
400/. currency per annum. By day the lighthouse,
being painted white, serves as an excellent beacon. In
days of yore, this spot was much resorted to, and at
several periods was the residence of the buccaneers
when they infested these seas.
This key is now the chief residence of the branch
pilots. 'I'hey are a set of men remarkable for their
abstemious habits, activity, and humanity on all occa-
sions ; and there hardly can be remenibered an in-
stance of their deviation from dnty.
IV. The first geological feature requisite for the
knowledge of man is the capability of the soil to grow
food. Ill this respect Honduras is not behind hand in
fertility to any spot in the Old or New World. The
soil of the Cahoun "'idge consists of a deep loam, pro-
duced by decomposed vegetable matter, and cf.pable
of growing every European, as well »s tropical aliment.
The Pine-ridge land has a substratum uf loose reddish
sand, and I'-s indigenous products exhibit those va-
rieties of till vegetable kingdom whose assimilative
powers are stiong and perennial. Extensive natural
prairies, or pastures, spread over this soil. An iiiex-
liaustibly rich alluvial soil exists on the margin of the
tuimerous creeks and rivers which stud the cfiimtry.
Veins of fine marble, and mountains of alabaster,
are known to exist. Valuable crystals have been
found witliin IHO miles of Balize; and fine pieces of
transparent feltspar lie along the banks in many
l)laces, which are used in ornamental stucco work.
Gold has, at various periods, been found in the Roar-
ing Creek (a branch of the Balize river), but no
trouble has liecn taken to ascertain from whence it
proceeded. (Quantities of lava and volcanic sub-
stances have been found in dill'erent situations. La-
bouring Creek, about 100 milts inland, on the Balize,
is remarkable lor the petrifying properties which it
possesses ; its waters have a powerlul cathartic ctVeet
on strangers, and a healing property when applied
externally to an ulcer.
V. The climate about Ralize is generally moist. In
July, the dryest and hottest month of the year, the
average maximum heat is HIi I'"., the medium H2, and
the minimum MO ; but, though the absolute heat
appears so great during the hot months, yet it is so
tempered by the sea breezes, which almost constantly
prevail from the N.E., S.E., or E., that the air feels
pleasant and often cool ; but, on the wind shifting to
the N. or \V., the atmosphere becomes sultry, and
often opjiressive. During the wet seasons, which last
five months, the mercury sinks to (iO. The variation
ill the temperature is very great, sometimes l"i, hi'
tween six a.m., and two i'.m., and at night 20 or 2.'>
less than in the day.
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IIONDI'RAS— I'OPll.ATION, RKI.IGION, KniJCATION.
exhibit tlio«c va-
iiose nsHimilntive
ixteiisive nnturni
is soil. An incx>
till- miiri^iii of till-
hid till' CDimtry.
niiis of nlnlmsttr,
ystiils iinvf l)crn
ind fine pieces of
hanks in many
itnl stucco work.
)unil in tlie Roar-
e river), but no
n from wliencc it
ul volcanic sub-
t situations. La-
nd, on tlie Balize,
ropertic's wbicii it
ul cathartic ctVcct
rty when applied
ncrally moist. In
h of the year, the
e medium rt2, and
he absolute heat
onths, yet it is st)
almost constant K
that the air feels
[? wind shifting to
omes sultry, and
casons, which Inst
lO. The variation
nmctinies I'l, be
at night 20 or lT.
? 60
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It is asserted in the Honduras Almanac, that the
climate of Honduras is more favourable to Kuropean
eonstitutions than any other climate underthe tropics.
Those who have not trilled with it by intemperance
and irregularities, enjoy thi' best health, as demon-
strated by the many instances of longevity, Kuropean
and native, that exist.
VI. According to a census in isii.'l, the population
was — whites, 217; slaves, 2,ir)« ; free people of
colour, soy ; free blacks, C.l.'i ; pensioners from dis-
charged West India regiment, h|;); detachment of
second 'Vest India regi, ent, 2.T1 ; ditto of Royal Ar-
tillery, 22; total, .'>,17'.). The proportions of males
and females, adults and children, were —
.
«. 1
d
X d \
Male
emal
emal
Udre
3
<
u.<
u
•^5
fi
1 i:i(i
,11
an
10
•■117
i!»a
a4;t
1811
1!)1
HOj)
1 air
•m
!);•
HI
(!l:l
1 I'MO
&iH
1!U
IM)
VltiH
O.-iO
a
.50
liri
Kill
uuu
u
10
7
•i:tl
10
1
4
4
•«
•n
139
tenances remarkable for vacuity ol intelligence, but
with a muscular formation of body tlmt might serve
as a model for a sculptor's Ihrcnlr'^.
The hiilidiia, who are the real aborigines cf the
South American continent, areatinud and inoffensive
race. — (See "Colonial Library," West Indies, vol. li..
for a detailed description of tlie people.)
A statement of the number of Slaves for whom
Compensation has been claimed, and of the Number
of Claims preferred for such Compensation, and of
the Amount of Compensations awarded in each of
the classes of Priidial-attaclied, l'r;e(lial-uiiattnched,
and Non-Pra'dial. [Parliamentary Return to the House
of Lords, March, IMH]
Whiles . . . .
(iilmirrd
Iri'o lllack
Slaves . . . .
I I'lisiniirrs
sciMiid West India Re-
r.'illlVlit.
Iloyal Artillery
In 1 82r> there were, whites — 21*17 males; (i:. femalce.
I oloured and free — I ,(i2'.( males ; h2'", females. Slaves
— l.tiof) males ; .■?,.'')(»2 females, (iraiid total — 3,.'i02 |
mules; 4,1193 fenuiles. King's troops — 'M<J men;!
;!() females ; 47 children. [
The aggrigafu population of Honduras from lH2:i
to 1830 was —
!3 a
H a
B.5
£1
Classes.
Ill-ad People .. |
I'indrsmen . . . . 1
liDerinr ditto .. {
rirld Labourers ;
Inlirior ditto .. j
llrmi People. ..
rrailrsmen ....
Interior ditto . .
Field l.nliourers
liiferinr ditto .
> « • 6.>
'^-a E = u
»• S = o s
Total.
White and Krec
Coloured.
Slaves.
Total.
Males. I r , 'Rlesl Moles Pemales Males. Females
a
o
'A
is'jd
IHJl)
18:10
H42
lN(|(i
l.'ilXl
!>37
7!(H
Kill
Ul»
H).-il
llilili
l:i'.!!l
i3«r
HI4
KOI
run
fiso
•-' 1(1(1
■-'Ua.'i
■i2H4
I l)!l.-i
1,-IH
In 1833 the iiopulntion was, whites, males 143 ;
lemalis.,80; free blacks, males 832; females y^Ci.
Slaves, males 1,132; females ("..'•) I. Total, males 2,107 ;
leinnles l/i87 = 3,794. Hirths 13.'^i — deaths 133—
marriages 28. In 1832 the births were 147 — deaths
173 — marriages 28.
In the R.H. for 183fi is the following return for
Hnlize. Whites— males, 13", ; females, 88. Coloured
population — males, 1,288; females, 1,()3,3. Total —
males 1,122; females, 1,121. Hirths, 238 ; marriages,
39; diatbr., 13C).
This settlement has never been surveyed.
The above return is not strictly correct. The cho-
lera prevailed several months during the year, and
many of the victims were buried at a distance from
the town by their friends. The number of births can
only he taken from the baptisms regi;,tereil.
The culoiin-d po|iulation has arisen from the inter-
course of Kuropeans with Africans or Indians. They,
therefore, partake mere or less of the tiualities of
lilnek and white, directly as 10 their distance from
cither.
Mos(iuilo shore men, S0|0uvning in great numbers
Ul the colony, have long ;,rcasy black hair, and couu-
llcndTrndc-mcn
;lntirior ditto .
lit ail 1'. employ. I
cil on wiiarls,|
sMppini;, 01 1
otlicr avoca-
tiol;S ,
liil. People dltti'l
Head l)nmt'slle|
' Servants ....>.
Inl'r. Uomesties 1
Children under'
I six years ol|
I age on the 1st'
AuRust, ik:i4..|
lAged, iljsoased,|
or otherwise
non-effective
I
I
•it
\r,
(i
10
1:1
8
10
■iP!)
•i-il
Uii
,f.'-.'tiO P
itii:i
•-77
4-.'».i4
7 His
1 1 111)
mil
-H7
2(ilHI
12U46
No
f Haves,
F »).
Amount
jf.')4:iu:i.
No. of Slaves,
' AllKMIlt
I4a'.'0;.
4818
Nil.
Number of claims linvinc rclVreecc to eaeli division.
Pra:<lial attached, O; Pricilial unatlaclied, Ci) : Non-
pricdial, •'•Jii.
VII. The r.ritish settlement of Honduras is not
divided into parishes. 'I'be population is supposed to
be between 3,(1(10 and 4,000. The value of the living
for l83f> was 827/. sterling: there is a parsonage-house
attached, but no glebe. Tlie church is situated in the
town of 15alize, and will contain about (>00 : the
number generally atttnding varies, according to the
ditlcrcnt seasons. There are no chapels, but two dis-
senting places of worship, viz. one Wcsleyan and one
Baptist.
VIII. There is luir school situated in the town of
T5alize for boys aiul girls, containing 47 of the former,
and 79 of the latter. The master, receives .320/. cur-
rency per annum, and the mistress, 100/. curiency
per annum. They have each also a house found
them to reside in. The Madras system is tl.e mode
of instruction adopted. This school is endowed by the
public of Honduras. There are also five private
I'hools, and one \\cslcyttii Methodist Sunday school,
and one liaptist school.
IM
110 HONDURAS.— CRIME AND GAOLS. CJOVKRNMENT AND MIIITARY, IMNANCES.
intestate or insane persons, or of tiuise incapable of
iiiiiMnKiiii; tlu'ir own uD'airs ; tlii'y si'ttli' all salvage un
wrtrked vessels, stores, and nu'rchaiidize ; they manage
the public finids, and control the treasurer ; and no
money enn be paid without the sanction of four, who
sign all orders for the issue; and previous to retiring
from otVice, they examine all his accounts, and sign
thetn, if approved. No emolument arises to them;
services are entirely gratuitous. Trial by jury is es-
tablished ; and from the decisions of the court an
appeal lies direct to the King in Council, which, how-
ever is rarely made.
The militia of Honduras is a very fine body of men,
about 1,000 strong, and consists of a brigade of royal
ortillery, and a regiment of the line; there is also a
local maritime force, termed the I'rince Regent' i Koyul
Honduras Klotilla. The Superintendant of the settle-
ment is, of course, comniander-in-ehief of the niilitiu,
with a fair proportion of aides-de-camp anil staff.
XI. Revenue and Expenditure of Honduras from
1807 to 1«36.
00 00 OD '£ X * X ao iri
U M U U '-^ U M Nl 10
OiSJii-Wli— 0*0 X
Years.
OD W W M IC IC 10 U li
W li VS 10 .'I .'I -1 o w
Male Fm.Totl.
§2.
• 10 ^ — V'< :;! ui hs cn
ocu;,<v:mmmmio
M ih O M lO 10 lO 10 00
— • • hS » W ' • 10
1
n
3
S5
p
i
o
?
V.
3?
1°
i|
■ ^
7
:::„:::;:
»- — w — ic — 10 lo
4-VOX-IOXOWVS
>» h9 — • lU tn «» hS •
Totl. Male Fm.
^MifcxtOtOIOlO
i
Wmi-^JCvftO-"*
3
No. of Felons.
:::;>,::::
W J> — ^1 »l s^ c» ~i •
i
,^ r!! ^1 lO OD U 10 X M
Male' Fm. Totl.
No. of trie**
Prisoners.
• • •
"• »* Ul • "- 10 ►- • •
c-< o lo to (0 v< M ao u
►-^10 — "- — — —
-ICnlOXtO«>i(*l03%
No. of untried
Prisoners. «
— • c% • 4- W in lO •
aoc;iooocw«jw<»o
3
f
Deo
1
1 1
25
B
5
3.
re
s
§
a
B
B
g
s
n
er
X. llciiuluras is governed by a superintendant no-
minated by the Crown to natch t)ver the uiterests of
the settlers, a) secure tbeni from any improper intru-
sion of foreigners, and to regulate all atl'aii ■ which
more particularly atfeet the dignity of the Crown.
There is a mixed legislative and executive jiKwer,
ternu'd the Magistrates of Honduras, by whom emict-
ments are made, which, on receiving Jie assent of the
King's represfitative, become 1 .vs to be enforced by
the executive power. The magistrates in whom the
power is thus vested are seven in number, elected
annuttll} by the inhabitants, thus — a poll is opened on
theorder of the bench to the I'rDVost-n.arshal-general,
and remains so 21 days, at the expiration of wl.ich u
scrutiny takes place, and the I'rovost-marshal-general
returns those duly elected, who are sworn into office
on being approved of by the Superintendant. They
•re the Counsellors of His Majesty's Superintendant,
the Guardians of the Public Peace, the Judges of all
the Lower Courts ; they form the Court of Ordinary,
they are the Guardions of Orphans, and can delegate
their power in the management of the property to
such persons vthom they consider worthy of their
trust. They are the protectors of all properties of
Revenue.
Expend.
^.
jf.
i8o;..
7»fla
8-.'»l
ISOH..
600.1
Sl-0
1801)..
flHSI)
6066
IHIU..
«saa
9604
IHII..
8043
ngsi
IHI'i..
ti-ttfO
6313
IHI3..
S4:<8
Sfi48
IHI4..
.1474
B639
ISl.'i..
1 30-14
13.537
181(1..
iu0-a
9376
181/-..
8168
883H ,
1818..
16.V»1
iHi9:i
181!)..
Liye;
lliHD6 1
183(1..
1/34!)
17366 1
18-il..
13306
13037 1
1833..
1833..
1834..
1H3A. .
1836.,
1837.,
1838.,
1H3».
1H30.
1H31.,
1833.
1831.
1834.
Il 183,1.
1836.
Rcvrniie,
^.
14831
19394
17.194
I;i-.>5(i
17116
1 34611
1111.17
34HH1
1 3943
16834
1.1 1J7
17.107
31187
30071
Expend.
14396
311 1 1 3
14163
1 7634
I37i.',
17.163
10760
11 1. in
I.IK07
13731
lflj)97
16803
I6!».14
I6,1l>(i
I. 1311 1
Of the Expenditure, — the Superintendai.t has
1,,')00/. ; the Police costs obout 2,00(W. ; Public
\Vorks and Miscellaneous, about C^OOO/., and 'he re-
moinder is employed in the payment of the officers of
government.
Vmjmrnin lnj Hnvdiirns Si'HU'mrnl in 1830. [B. B. |
— Civil establishment, 3,1 7h/. ; Contingent expendi-
ture, 77'J/. ; Ecclesiastical establishment, .'>5-l/. ; Con-
tingent expenditure, 'Ml. ; Pensions, 3.10/. ; School
establishment, lii.^i. ; Total, :<,:\:>-Jt.
S<h)'(lti!r (if TiiJfn mill Duties, ami iilher sources uf
IliTi'iiiii' o/tlic lliiti.'ih Sclth-iiimt of Hoiiiliinis, duiinn
the yi'ir lH3(i. — All duties and taxes are levied under
the authority of Acts passed by the Settlers, assem-
bled in Public Meeting, and sanctioned by the Super-
intendaiits. The following are now in force; viz. On
tonnage of British vessels, J,v. M. per ton ; tonnage
of foriign vessels, .Ij. per top ; spirits, wines and cur-
dials, i'lS. Hii. per gttl.; articles not rated for duty, sale
or deposit, 1 per cint. ; articles not rated for duty
for sale, on account of foreign transits, ;. ...t cent.;
foreign dye- voods, L'O*. per ton; sugar and cotlVe,
IO,v. jier lOOlh.H.; tea, 2x. Cil. |)er lb. ; molasses, is,
per gal. ; segars, (U. Hd. per th. ; tobacco, a,«. M. per
100 lbs. ; lumber, I3.v. I,/, per th. ; shingles, .'l.v. 4(<.
per th. ; spirit licenses, M)l. per annum ; duty an
mahagony introduced from beyond the limits I'l
the settlement, 20/. per thousand; horned cattle,
CtH. Hd. per head ; calves. ;u. 4d. per head ; horses or
mules imported into the settlement, 20,v. per head ;
horses or mules ke| t in town, 4(Kv. per annum ; car-
riage wheel.), 40.«. per wheel ; foreign small croi't,
6». Hf/. each. All fines and forfeitures are paid intn
l.bi
NANCES.
hose incapable of
ttic nil snlvu);e uri
lize; they iiinnaKc
rcasiiriT ; ami no
•tion of four, who
rcvious to ri'tirin;;
ccoimts, and sign
r arises to thcni ;
linl by jury is es-
of the court an
incil, which, how-
flnc body of men,
a brigade of royal
; there is also u
nee IlcRent' i Royul
idant of the settle-
liief of the niilitiu,
imp and stalf.
[)( Honduras from
Kcvmiie.
Rxprnd.
jt'.
jf.
IIH'.II
ii-j<ir)
lyatfi
•JOII'.>
14!35
141<i:<
17594
)70:n
IU2S6
1375:.
1741«
W-lfrj
I'i4flu
107fi«
iin»7
11150
ii4HHS
I5H07
l:i>H:t
l:(7Ji
l(iH-.M
ifisiy?
15157
iHHII'i
17507
lfi!)54
91187
lli.'ilili
■JUU7I
15'J(II
uperintei
clai.t Una
t 2,00(1/
. : Public
■|,()00/., a
nd ' !\e rc-
nt of the
officirs iif
lit in 1H3
r,. [n. R. 1
)ritingen
t expendi-
iinent, A
5-4/. ; Con-
ins, ;i:.o
/. ; School
(I other soiirren of
Hiiniliiras, iliiiiiiii
s are levied undor
Settlers, nssein-
ned by the Supir-
iii force; viz. On
per ton ; tonna^-'r
its, wines and cor-
ated for duty, ^aie
ot ratei! for iluty
isits, ;> M.T cent. ,
sugar and cotfie,
lb. ; molasses, Is.
Imcco, 2.». I'll/, per
shingles, ;).«. 4i/.
niium ; duty on
id the limits of
horned cnttle,
head ; horses or
t, 20.V. per head ;
per annum ; cur-
eigii small craft,
! OS art- paid into
UONDUR.^S.— COMMEUCE,
the public treasury in aid of the revenue, also market-
rent. The duty on mnho„'any introduced from be-
yond the limits of the settlement, disallowed by pro-
clamation of her Majesty's Su|)erintendant, on ."ith
May IM.'IC), m pinsuancu to instructions from her Ma-
jesty's goycrnrnent.
Cnmiiiissiiriiil Dfjutrtment. [R. H.] — Provisions and
forage, :t,l(i!»/.; fuel and light, "iMH/. ; transport, fiU. ;
pay of extra stall", ll.'t/. ; military allowances, :i>^\l. ;
special services, l.',0.'!M/. ; contingencies, il.'iO/. ; ordi-
naries, 7,. 'i'i.l^ ; pay of commissariat ollicers, .')14/. '•
total, IJ.225/,
siiii'i'iNG, PRonucrs. ui
Oiiliwncf Ih-iuirttiwnt in ISM). [B. n.]--Pay of
royal artillery, M'-^l.; acting ordnance store-keeper
and English labourers, l'.)7/. ; barrack stores, 47/.;
wasliing barrack bcddiu',', l.">4/. : total, 771/. Total of
Coniniissariat, l,'i,2ii.'i/.. Total amount out of mili-
tary chest, l.'i,'.)!»ij/. Salt tneiit oats and candles from
England, U.OdO/. Total, \h,:,ij(]I.
XII. 'I'he trade of Honduras is as yet but in its
infancy, although exceeding half a million annually
sterling.
IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OF HONDURAS,
FRUM
1824 to I83n.
(•rcat Britain.
West
Indies
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
years
VbI. £•
VBl.f
No
50
Tons.
Val..i
No.
(i
Tons.
VBl.f
No.
Tods.
Val.f
No.
1
Tons.
Val.itf No.
2(l2St8 , 77
Tons.
Men.
IH'.M
a;l5:t:i.'l
rJ7-Jl
BiHfi; ..
519
iSlioo
iiO
3514
fi5
33
1.5787
860
IHi5
•jwi:ii
27
70115
ISHOti' (J7
14
lltil
•i4H77
20
2123
1!»17
U
2741 281)871 75
135 1:1
8O6
I.S'J(i
MIMM-J
4!»
l'.'0h4
5l(!lK ..
11
njos
•j«H!»a
30
3U77
253U3
(i
Htl3 41 2727 Mt»
188:t'j
1065
\M7
.'7r.'«!i
ill)
IfilOO
■jHiiu a-M
!l
11!)5
, ,
20053
23
ll:lti 313502 !)2
l!)041
10!).5
IMJH
IHAU'iU
43
IVMJ
l(i;Us 1H!)4
7
Hlji
, ,
..
3311!)!)
«»
225(5 ; 23.)75(i 7!)
14:187
M7a
In-Jt)
'iil!M!)!l
•17
(I5HK
■2HI5I -iMl
It)
4:157
, ,
.,
4800
801 244«(lt 5!)
1471(1
860
IKHI)
MClfiil'J
:ii»
100:15
411 ir.
H
W7
loiso
IH
2036
2(i4!)2
la
l:)50 i 23437!) 77
1:11) 18
814
Ih:I1
■-•Ifiiii;
:ii
7»75
4717 ■.
11
771
'.Mlllil
31
3785
28:12!)
14
1378 : 278(127 H5
l:i!llo
805
liiMvJ
1 "«;<.»;
45
11H51
S'Juo 7 1 4
ti
4lil
15.'!).'
211
27>!)
23H25
4
421 I538:l0 . HI
I54!).'.
840
1h:k
I!)4!)5ii
:i7
iiioa
5J55 3-.':lU
11
in'i
l!Mil4
•-'7
3070
12107
7
033 2351.5(} 82
14018
Hll
ib:i4
■J7a(iiMt
57
14(iM|l
175:1 1018
\i
s;l4
21:11:1
V
3I7!I
21511
4
40!) :ilsj:l4 100
l!)lll
1051
im:i5
\ii6Mt
1)5
o'iOr
H7i-J| irt-io
•j:
43:1:1
3247"
2(1
:t387
17111
12
1:127 182(114 100
18814 1)8H
isa6
27869U
95
•iMil
310!)
lUs'j
4
(j:is
342a.'.
2(i
3MI0
2283!)
7
731
340554 132
28313
147U
E.KHORTS ANI» SHIPPINli OF HONDURAS.
1824
1825
Ih26
1827
IH28
182!)
Ih:io
1831
18:12
1833
1834
18.15
isati
I218S32
2320:>2
.'h;lo7()
,374:1114
2l!)7!t8
21U(i()2
I<I51!I2
,106280
jl4.54!)7
15(314
{20IJII8I
205603
1 391)54 61
55
4!)
50
SH
41
41
43
:io
42
35
56
51
86
14032
12813
12585
155:10
12225
I 08113
11053
7133
1171
9102
14012
13275
21584
4312,
3280 :
4724|
8I3!)|
10807'
78OI1'
258!)!
3072
51175
«:i2h'
1483
1528,
75
2150
6
11
6
.576
387
t-MH
633
1631
572
6117
15
13
'231
684
149
50068 1 2:1
58H8:|i 22
32826 34
16184! 7
42H87 30
15761 28
27268 29
41891; 26
3I28!I 30
44129' 30
2665
2(l82
446t
1191
:l6io
2812
:i7il7
2980
4389
4563
1 22
HI9
IH4
1 911"
: 7"li5o
27820
102186
45621
> 16!)35
60390
32674
28819
I 4883.1
1
5
3
19
25
H
•J7
15
5
10
II
16
33
245
442
.502
2452
1275
3799
1437
521
833
396
1107
3197
372826
295111
350:170
3!) 11 32
:(01255
255282
316151
197860
182267
342330
286800
26781 1
4^3115
8fi
82
!»8
83
75
55
82
81
82
78
IIHI
105
131
I
17:106'
16127
1837!)
17665
14038
12700
l(i.>5l
1:1011
149851
14222'
18519
1!)455'
29 193 I
974
9»7
1003
102:1
86>4
6h9
798
765
810
977
1021
1034
1498
^'iinibcrof ships In 1828, 6, tons 361 ; 1 829, ships 6, tons 522; 18:io, ships 5, tons 305 ) 1831, ships 6, tons 407 ; 1833,
hliips 7, tons 581 i i83:i, sliip!) I, tons 490. Tu ICIsuwliero, 1826, 29,578/.
Principal Articles oi' Export from 1824 to 183C. [B. B.]
Years. : Mahogany. Cedar.
Indigo.
Feet.
Feet, i I.hs.
1R24....
.'■).'-)7:t8i<j
2493
1 :*;*8fi7
I«i5
.'■>(IK3I70
21000
211447
iHJf... ..
r)38.').')8'j
30171
3.1H.').')2
1827.. ..
Ct»04l)'J8
19781
817r.7
IK2H.. , .
f) tt'.r.HQC
ir.io
lt<29
4f.:ii3;ti
912
1474
!m;<o
■i:<r-,f<<jHr,
2Ci.')0
1831....
38(;f>242
1991
18.12....
.lOl.'.OXl
f,90
I8.S3
4.")C).i034
, ,
2234
I8.»4....
(>:!()h;}27
, ,
25GI
1 8:t.') ....
f)4j(i.")'.»r)
l«'.4«
183C
976H2<J3
867
Tons.
Sc-
1771
301
roons.
2f>99
78f.
1832
383
23.'-.7
980
1776
1216
1497
9hr,
1704
2063
992
3.')8.'>
Seroons.
XIII. There is no paper currency, and the amount of coin in circulation is not known. The difference of
fxehangc between the Honduras and Great Hiitain is by custom, 40 per cent : the dollar is therefore current
The premium on mcrcatiMlc bills is 14 to 16.
at (■>,«. H(t.
I 12
Viiliic ill Knglish money nf the Spanish cuinn in
cnriiliition.
OiJil Ciiim — Doiihloon, ft/. 6s. hiI.; Imll' ditto, 2/.
l.'?.«. J'/. ; (|imrtc'r ditto, I/. (>*. H</. ; oni'-i'iKhth ditto,
i;<.*. I'/.; oiu'-sixti'cnth, fi.K. Hil, ninrnri/.
Silirr ('(liiiH. — Dollar, <',.<. HiI. ; hull' ditto, As. Id.;
(|unrttT ditto, l.v. Hi/.; one eight Ii, lOi/. ; i>ne-!iix-
ti'cntli, .'»/. I itirrnnj.
MV. Till' iigriiMilturai produce of this getflrment
ciiiisists ot liidinii corn, ricf, yanis, and pluntiiins,
raised intrcly for the inti riial coniiniiption of the
country, not beiin; piriiiittcd by his Maji-ty's covern-
iiient to export them to the Hinted KiiiKdoiii The
soil is extremely \V( 11 adapted for the eidtiire of cotVee,
cotton, ami siii;ur; cocoa prows spontaneously and in
(.•reat (|uniitities in the thickets, hut from tiie cause
nhove mentioned, no care is taken (d' it. A lew horses,
nnd many horned cattle are hred in tiie settlement,
the Inner are principally used in drawinj; the rnaiio-
irany out (d" the woods. [H. H. \>*'M'i\
Orniii;es, (which are uniforndy of excellent (juality,)
shiiddocks, lime, mangoes, melons, pine apples, water
melons, avoeato pears, cashew. cin'oa-nuts, ami m.iiiy
others too numerous to nuntioii, are very nliuiidant
diirini; their respective seasons. 'I'Ik y all grow in the
neighhourhood of the town, hut are also brought in
huge (piantities fnun liighcr pinntafions. The country
abounds with game (d' every variety, whither lisli.
Mesh, ov fowl. The .Spaniards, who fretpieiit Balize
from Hacalnr in open crafts, carry on an extensive
trade in poultry, eggs, corn, \e., and, except in very
rouL'li weather, the supply of salt water tish is abun-
dant and excellent.
The nialiognny tree ami loi;woo(| .ire the present
staples of Honduras ; another VRlimble timber covers
the country for many thonsnnd acres, and would
provi: a useinl article in Isngland, the /hi/k.v nn iilriiln-
/i.s, grosvs toiWlfeet high, with irregular brnnebes and
serrated edged leaves, and w liicli, ow lug to the (juantity
of tar and turpentine which the best sort contains,
will sink in water when felled.
KALKLANU ISLANDS.— LOCALITY.
The pincwood is of course highly inllninmahle, a
property which, to the poor, reniU^rs it very valimhle ;
a torch ot this wood, one end insfrted in the earth,
and the other ignited, emits u clear and powerful ii';ht.
Owing to its durability it is, of course, inueh used by
builders. It not only resists the action of the atmos
phere, but it is also proof against the chemical inllu
enee »( the earth even in the dampest situations. It
is not uncommon to see posts extracted from tin
grontid in which they have been fixed for years, in iis
high a state (d' preservation as when they were liisi
put down ; and the only diirirence they exhibit is in-
creased s(didity and hardness, and a strong bitnnu-
noiis smell.
'{"he cahoun (locally pronounced cohoon' tree is
chiefly valuable for the elegant vigrtable oil it yields ;
which when nnadnlterated is almost colourless, being
paler than the cold drawn castor oil. It is entirely
free from any empyrenmatic or fetid taste, possessing
n slight and rather ngreenble tlavoiir. It emits a bean
tifiil palish llame without smoke or smell, a propeity
which renders it as a lamp oil, not e(pial!ed liy any
other known, and tlurefore much in deinaiid in gen-
teel society. Its aflinity for oxygen is so uinarkalil)
strong, that steel smeared with it very soon rusts.
Indeed its calorie is so easily abstracted, that at the
temperaturt! of (lo, !•'. it condenses into a white wax-
like substance, but when hi'at is applied it imnu'di-
ately expands and resumes its original appearance
There are seveial little known woods, td' beautibd
vein and closi' texturi', which might be turned to a
protitable aeeoniit, such as the iron wood, clay\v(io<l,
rosewood, pnlmaletta, dark and beautifully tignred,
Santa Maria, which possesses the properties of the
Indian teak, caoutchouc, or Indian rubber, snpodijia,
and innnineruble others.
Many other valuable products of tlie territory would
be developed with nn increased |iopulation. [See
Colonial Library, vol. IV.]
CUArrKR 111.— FAJ.Ki-AND ISI.ANUS.
Skction I. The Talkland islands which are about
90 in number, arc situate between the parallels of
in.5H. and ."i^.-lC, south, and the meridian .">7.1ii). and
(il.'jy west, contiguous to the Straits of Magellan.
The two largest are nearly 100 miles in length and
."■jO in breadth. They were first discovered by Sir
Hichard Hawkins during the reign of (Jueen Klizabeth,
in the year 1 ">'.• I, or, as some think, by Captain Davis,
an Knglisb navigator under Sir Thomas Cavendish, in
IW2. Siibse(|U( ntly tlu'y wire visited by a si.ip be-
longing to St. Malocs, from which they were called
by the iMcnch, ' the Malouins ;' and afterwards by the '
Spaniards, ' the Molvinas.' Little, however, was
known of thiin until Coinmoilore Hymn, when on a;
voyage of discovery to the South Seas, visited them
in January, 17<i."),and formally took possession (d' them ,
for his Majesty (ieo. III. under tlu'title of "the Falk-
land Islands,' though others say this name had been
previously given them by nn iMiglish imvigutor named
Strong, in \i'<>*'.i After being there about It days,
he left Port l-.ginont on Sunday, L'Tth .lanuary, and
described it as being the finest liarbonr in the world,
enpaeions enough to hold all the navy of Lngland in
full security. Geese, ducks, snipes, nnd other fowl
were found in such nbundanee, that the sailors were
(piite tired (if eating them ; and in every part there
was a plentiful supply of water.
When the I''rench lost the Cnnadas, a c(dony ol
farmers was transported hither by M. de Hougnin-
ville, and about the same time a llritish colimy wiis
established at I'ort Kginont by Capt. M'liride; but
their right being dis)nited by the Spaniards, M. de
Hoigainville surrendered the possession of his part to
the latter in .\|)ril, 1707. dreat Britain, however, hy
virt.ic ol her original discovery, claimed the sove-
reignty, which led to a rupture with Spain in the year
1770, and the point was warmly and strongly con-
tested for a considerable period. Spain, however,
(iiially conceded our right to the islands.
II. The two largest id the isUuids arc about 70 league-
y inllniiiinnhli', ;i
I it. very vnlimbli' ,
tcil ill tlic fiirth,
lul ixiwril'iil ii'tht.
rM\ iniicli ii!**''! *'y
tion of tin- atnuis
hi- chi'inicnl iiillii
est sitimtioiis. It
xtriictod I'nii" tin
(■(I lor yiuri*. in "^
in tluy ^v<•^l' lit si
tlu'V fxliiliit is 111-
n itronK l)itunii-
(1 cohoon* trpr is
rtalili- oil It yit'lil'' .
^\ coloiirli'ss. luiii-
oil. It IS entirely
ill ti\str, possessinj;
If. It emits a lieaii
r siiull, II proiii'tty
ot eiiviiil!»'<l 1>> '"'v
in (lenuiiul in grii-
•n is so iiinarkiilil>
it very soon rusts,
riieteil, that at the
s into a white wax-
applieil it ininiedi-
)rii;inal aiiiienranec.
woods, of henutiful
j;ht he turned to a
jii-wood, elayvviMHl,
heailtlfully tinine.j,
e proiicrties of the
in rubber, sapodillii,
f the territory vs-ould
population. [See
!7th .laniiary, and
hour in the worlil,
Inavy of r.ii'j;laiid in
les, and other fowl
l\t the sailors were
li every part there
liadas, a eolony i>t
M. de lUiupniii-
Iwitish colony wiis
lipt. M'Hride; lint
[Spaniards, M. do
sion of his part to
^itain, however, hy
lliiinied the sovc-
Spain in the year
nd stiont;ly eon-
Spam, luiwexer,
lulls,
nliout 70 league-
FAI.KI.AM) ISI..\NI)S.-
in rirciimfercncp, and divided hy a channel lii leagues
III leiisth, and from one to three in breadth. The
liarhoiirs are lar^e, and well defended hy small islands,
iiiost happily disposed. The sinalK'.st vessels may
ride ill safety ; fresh water iseasily to lie obtained ; there
is seldom any thunder or liKhtiiiiii;, nor is the weather
hot or cold to any extraordinary di };ree Tliroui;hout
the year the mt;litsnre in ^'eneral serene and fair; and
upon the whole, the climate is favourable to the con-
^tiliition. riie depth of the soil in the vallies is more
than siillicient for the purpose of ploUi;liinK.
Since ITfiT they fell into comparative iiisiunid-
cani'e; and, for many years past, little notice has been
taken of them hy our ;,".iverniiient. Ships of war, on
their passa;;e round t'ape Horn, have occassionally
toiiehed there lor supplies of water, \e. and South
Sea whalers and other inert liant vissels ; but the iia-
viCTtioii heint; little known, they have not, until lately,
been much frequented, althousih very nearly in the
track of ships hnmeward bound from the i'acitic.
Latterly, however, circumstances arose which in-
duced the last commander-in-chief on the South Ame-
riiun station (Sir Thomas Haker), to scud down a ship
of war lor the purpose of reclaiming that possession,
which lapse of time seemeil to have rendered almost
absiilu'ely abandoned, as the lluenos-.Ayn an (loverii-
ineiit endeavoured to set up a claim to the islands;
the Spaniards haviiip formerly used the islands as
prisons tor South American deliiKpnnts
IIISTOIIY, CI.IMATK, ike. H3
rather mountiiinons. The highest part wn» callctl
San Simon, at no -ircat distance from the bottom of
Herkeley Sound, The tops of the mountains arc
thickly strewn with lame boulders.or detached stone*,
of which (piantities have fallen, in some place*, in
lines aloni; their sides, lookiiii; like rivers of stones ;
tlu'se are alternated with extensivi' tracts ol marshy
cround, desceiidini; from the very tops of .,ie nioiin-
tains, where many larj;e fresh-water ponds are found,
from one to two feet deep. The best 'ground is at
the loot of the inouiitains, and of this there is abun-
dance Ht for cultivation, in plains strefchiiii; from
five to (Ifteen miles aloin; the margin of the sea. In
the southern peninsula there is hardly a rising
u'roiinil that can be ciilbd a hill. Kxcellent fresh
water is toiiiid everv where, and may he procured
either by di..".;ing or from the rivulets, which tlow
from the inleiior toward-i the sea, tlirout,'h vallies
covered with a rich vef;etalioM.
III. The cliiiiate on the island is, on the whcde,
temperate. The temperature never falls hidow :i().
I'lihrenheit in the cohh'st winter, nor rises above 75.
in the hottest summer ; its general ran^e is from .'10.
to .'lO. in winter, .Ml. to I't. in summer. The vvt>"ther
is rather unsettled, particularly in winter; but the
showers, whether (d rain, snow, or hail, are (generally
of short duration, and their etVects are never long
visible oil the surface of tl;e ground. Thus Hoods are
unknown; snow 'Isappears in few houts, unless on
In the month of Dieeinbei-, Islij, Commander On- : the tops of *hc n oiintains ; and ice is seldom found
.ilow, in II. iM. S. C/i(i, |>niceeded to I'ort Kj;nioiit, ' above on inch thi.'k. Thunder and lii^htniiii; are of
and found on Saunders' Island the ruins of our for- : rare occurrence; foi;s arc freipient, especially in au-
iiier establishment. The town stood on the south i tumn and sprini?, but they u^'ually dissipate towards
side of a mountain not less than Mo leet liit;li. The noon. The winter is rather Ion;.'; r than the summer,
settlers had extended their gardens to tin- westward, hut the diirireiice in t above a muntli, and the Ion;;
the remains of which are still perceptible. Not find- i warm days of summer, with occasional showers, pro-
iii'.; any iiiliabitants, an hixnipliim was left there, at- | duce a rapid vegetation in th;it season,
tnched to a signal stall', on a spot which appeared to ; The wind blows commonly Iroiti the north-west in
be Kurt (Jeorge, statin;;, ' Th it these islunds bad been summer, south-west in winter, and seldom lotii; from
visited by his Uritanuic Majesty's ship r/di, for the \ the eastward in either season. The linest weather in
piirp.ise III' exercisiiip; the rights of sovereignty, '_'.'hl i winter is when the wind draws from the west or
1 north-west, ami in summer when it stands at north-
' west or north-east. .\ north wind almost alw.ivs
December, |h:I-J."
During ti'ieir stay of ten days, the boats were cm
ployed in eMiniiniiii; Hrett's llaiboiir, Myron's Sound,
Keppel's Sound, and to the westward to Point Hay, a
distance o', tio miles from the {'tin's ancboratie.
.\t I'ort Louis, on Kast I'alklaiul Island, a Hiienos-
.\yrean schooner of war wa-- lyjns;, and a small party
of soldiers under the same Ha;.; occupied the shore,
where there was an inconsiilerable settlement of fo-
reij;n jiersons, chielly liiumis-Ayrcans, who were en-
iiii'^'ed in catching wild cattle, Jtc. for the supply of
such ships as occasionally toiicht d there. Lieut. II.
Smyth, of 11. M. ship '/'i/'"'. ^^a^* siibseipuntly sent
down with a boat's crew to settle on the islands.
I'ort Louis, at the head of Berkley Souiiil, is admi-
rably adapted for vessels to retit at, under any circum
hrini;s rain, especially in summer, and east anil south,
east winds are constantly accompanied hy tliick and
wet weather. Snow sipiiills generally come from the
south-south-east, south, or south-south-west. Storms
are most frefpient at thi' changes of the seasons, ami
blow commonly I'rom soiith-soutb-wcsf to west-south-
west ; but they seldom last above L' I hours.
IV. Of the geology of the islands we yet know little.
There are marks of co|)per ore with some pyrites, and
the rocks are chietly ipiartz. Ores of dill'ei cut colours
are common, and red and grey slate is plentiful.
There is abundance of excellent clay and stone adapted
for building.
The soil of Kast Kalkland Island lias been fnind
sianees;it is well sheltered, and has an inner harbour well adapted to cultivation, consii-.ting generally of
f(ir vessels drawing 1-t feet of water, where they may I from six to eight inches of black vegetable mould,
lieave down with safety if recpiisite. Water is also i below whi('h is either gravel or clay. The meadows
',;oud and plentiful ; and rellecting on the number of
vessels jiassing and repassing Cape Horn, anil the
accidents they are liable to, from the tempestuous
weather frequently experienced otf that Cape, the ad-
vantages of a port of refuge becomes ap|)arent.
Kast ralklaiid Island possesses large and secure
liarliours fur lirst rate ships of war, with facilities for
are spacious, well watered, and producing excellent
grasses. Wheat and Max were both raised of quality
eqtml, if not superior, to the seed sown, which was
procured from lluenos .\yres ; and potatoes, cabbage,
turnips, and other kinds of vegetabU's produced
largely, and of excellent quality. Fruit trees were not
tried, the plants sent from Huenos .\yres having
I'vercising the crews on .shore without the risk of j perished before they arrived.
■^''■;
liising them, and with abundance of wild cattle, anti-
icorliiirir herbs, ainl (ish, for their supjiort.
The soil also produces dilferent kinds of vegetables
wild, as celery, cresses, Kc, and many other esculent
The country, in the noilliern part of the island, i- ■ plants, tlu proper name.-, of which were not known
FALKLAND ISLANDS.— CKOLOCiY, MIM;U.\l.{)(iY, AND SOIL.
141
to tlic kcttlfm, l)iit their palatable taste and valuable
nnti-srorhiitir propertii's wito ahiiiidaiitly a»crrt«iiiiMl
by tlictii. AiiKiiiK Dthi-rs is one which they callrtl
the ten plant, Kntwin^ cloRe to the Krouiid, and pro-
iliiciiig a berry of the size of « large pern, white with
a tinge nf roxe nnlour, and of eX(|iii'(ite (lavoiir. A
decoetioFi of itK leaves is a good substitute lor tea,
whence its name. It is very aniindant.
No treen grow on the island, but wmnI for building
was iibtnined tolerably easy from the adjoining Straits
of .Magellan. For fuel, besides jH-at and turf, which
are abundant in ninny places, ami may be procured
dry out of the penguins' holes, three kinds of bushes
are found, called faclunal, matajo, and grudlera. The
first of these grows straight, from two to five feet
high, and the stem, in proportion to the heii^ht, is
from half n?i inch to one inch and a half in diameter ;
n i! small woods of this are foun<l in all the vallli*, and
form good cover ; it bears no fruit. The s(< >nd is
more nbiindniit in the southern than in the imr'hern
part of the islnnd; its tnmk is nearly the thickness
of n mnn'.H arm, very crcniked, never higher than
three feet, and bears no fruit. The gruillera i» the
KMiallest of the three, growing close to the ground,
nnd al uiKJniit all over the island ; being easily ignited,
it was chielly used as fui'l when the |>e<>ple were away
from the settlement, and to light the peat fires in the
hiAises. It hears a small dark red berry of the size of
.1 Ibrgc pea, of an insipid tn.ste.
The most curious of the vegetable productions is a
resinous plant, or rather excrescence, for it grows
from the earth without stalk, branch, or leaves, called
the resinous gum plant. It is .reipiently six feet in
diumeter, nnd l« inches high, nnd so stronu as to
bear the weight of a man. its surface ejects drops of
n tough resinous matter of a yellow colour, and al)out
the si/.c of peas, bavin;; a strong iwlour like tur|»entine.
C'rent (|uimtities of water cresses, sorrel, and wild
pa;^ley, are found in every direction, as well as a
simdl sl.iub of the niiture of spruce, which, being
n adc into beer by the help of molnsse.i, has proved
an ey.cellcnt antiscorbutic to seamen ulllicrcd with |
scurvy after n lot g voyage on salt provisions.
Scnrci.ly any fruits are foiimt, indeed mdy two lit for
use, which grow upon creeping plants Jind are similar
to llie mulberry of F.urope, .ind the iun't of North
America. Though there are nunnerous tlowering
plants, only one, which had a smell like that of a rote,
ajipearcd to yield any perfume.
Only oiio s|)ecies of nninml was found in the islan'l,
a kind of wolf-fox, which Hyron descrik's .js ex-
tremely fierce, running (roni a great distaiuv to attack
the sailors when they landed, and even pursuing tben>
into the boat. It is nlxiut the size of a shepherd's
dog, nnd kenui's under groiiud, subsisting on the
sjnls nnd l)ir(ls, which it cati '.les along the slmre. Sea
;ions, wrtllruses, and seals, arc ar>undant aJvmt the |
coast, ninny of them of great i-i/e, and very fierce. I
Swats wil'l grcei, ducks, teal, a'ld all kin. Is of sea |
fowl, lire found in great numbers ; and so tame were I
some ol the birds when 'he first settlers landed there
that they w.mld sutler themselves to be caught by the
hniiil, 1111(1 ol'teii perch upon the heads of the people,
riiere is a bird culled the grcle, of btatitiful plumage,
and a kind of gentle n(<te, whose Hesh is much
esteemed, nnd which sutlers itself to be approacfied
go as lo be knot Kcd down with a stick ; there are also
falcons, snipes, owls, curlews, hcnms, thnisbeii, &c.
Fiih are not so pleiitiful, but they consist of mullet,
pik*", sardiiii, gradlaw ; and, in the fresh water, a
giern trout, without scales; all sorts of <«niall shell
fish are found around tiir c^>t«t, hut it it difficult to
get nt them, or indeed foi n boat in land, on account
of till' prodigious (|uniitiiv of sen .veed with which
vlie shore is loaded. The tides produce n curious
phenouicnon, they do not rise nt thi' set'led calculatcil
periods, but just bclore high water the seo rise* and
falls three times; and this motion is always mort'
violent during the ei|uino\es and full mrxiiis, at whicli
time several cornllincs, the finest mother-of-penrl, niul
the most delicate sponges are thrown up with it ; and
amongst other shells, a curious bivnlve, called la
liuiilftlf, found no where else but in a fossil state.
Herds of wild homed catth , to the extent of niany
thousands, exist on the island, ^iillictent to maintHiii
a great many settlers ; and 'viiii liogs are abundant in
the northern peninsula. Wild horses are also fouiul
there of small size, but very hnrdy, which, when
broken in, ns some were without ditViculty, were
found of great service to the settlement. Unbbits
nre in grrnt numbers, of n Inrge size nnd fine lur.
Foxes, too, nre found, but diU'ering considerably froin
those of F.iirope, having a thick head and coarse fur ;
they live chielly on geese nnd other fowl, which they
catch nt night when asleep.
fJame is extremely common, osjiocially wild gresi^
and ducks ; lA' the I'ornur two kinds were distin-
guished, the lowland or kelp-gcesc, nnd the iiphiiiil
geese; the latter were much superior in llavour, tlir
foriiier being of n fishy taste, living chielly on iiiik.
cles, shrimps, and kilp. Ilolh were very tame, ami
the upland geese were easily domesticated. They lui
finest eating in nutuinn, being tlun plump. In coiim -
(pience oi' the abundance at that season of tea-berru-,
id' which they are very fond ; the rest of the yeiir
they live on the short grass. They have a while
neck nnd breast, with the rest of the body speckled of
a fine brown inarbU'd cnlour. The lowland gainlir
i!^ ipiite white, and the gonse dark, with a speckled
breast. Of ducks there are several kinds. The logger-
headed are the largest, nnd almost of the size of ilu
geese; their fie.sb is tough nnd fishy; they caniiiil
My, and when cut olf fnmi tht water are cii-ily cnii^lit
The next size is also of interior (piallty, tough and
fishy, but the smaller kinds, which arc not l«r;.i'i
than young pigeons, nre deliciiuisly good, nml are
found in large llocks along the rivulets oiiil rir>h
water ponds. SiiipiK are found so taiiic that tiny
were often killed by throwing ramrods at Iheiii. hi
addition to these, a gnat variety ol sen birds Ir4'(|iiiiit
the shores, of which the most valuable to sail'/rs niiii
settlers, from the (piantity of eggs they deposit, are
the gulls nnd penguins. These birds have their liMct
rookeries, to which they resort in nunicrous ilucks
every spring, the gulfs generally in green places near
the siioi"., -ir on the small islai.ds in the bay; tlio
penguins chielly aliuig the stce|) rocky shores of 'lir
sei. Thi. eggs of both are eatable even with reli>li,
after long confiiienient on board ship, the iieiiguiii''
being, however, tlii' best, and less strong than that uf
the gull. So iniiii"rous are these eggs, that <jn nm
f ciasion eight men gathered Co, 000 in f iiir or live
days, and could easily have doubled that niiiiibir li.nl
they stopped a lew days longer. Ilotli gulls and
penguins will lay six or eight each, if removed,
otherwise they only lay two and hatch them. The
gulls come first to their halcliing places, the (U'liguins
a little Inter.
Fish abounds in all the bnys nnd inlets, espr.-inlly
in spring, when they come to spawn nt the inoulli.inf
the fresh water rivulets. A compmiy is nowforniin';
for the cnlonizHtion o( the islamts.
,.li
but it i* difficult to
in Und, on account
\ A'fcd witli whicli
produtf H curious
u- sitHcd calculntt il
iT the M'a ri!i<'» mill
m in nlwnys muri'
III! niooiiH, nt whicli
iotluT-of-|)i'nrl, anil
wn iiji witi) it ; nnd
hivnlvc, culled In
n a fossil nlnte.
l!u' extent of niany
iHicient to niniiitain
i^ii* are ahiindaut in
irites are also fouinl
ardy, which, when
lilt dilVicu|ty, were
■ttlement. lUltluts
' a'y/.i' nnd tine fur.
j; considerably from
lead and course fui ,
icr fowl, which they
specially w'''' R'"f'f
kinds were distiii-
se, and the \i|)ltiiiil
erior in lliivimr, tin-
in;; cliiedy on niiis-
veie sery tame, iiml
isticnted. 'I'hcy an
en plump, in cdiim ■
easiin of ten-herries,
he rest of the yenr
They have a wliiif
the body speckled <if
I'he lowland Kmiiln
|rk, with a speikleil
iiiils. The locBiT-
)f the size of ilu
shy ; they ciiiiiint
r are e.)"ily cau;;lit
(|ualifv, toiij-h aiiil
icli are nut lur',;ii-
;siy m>(id, ami ari'
rivulets and I'risli
so tniiic that tlity
iriids nt them. In
sen birds lri'(|urnt
liable to sail.rs ami
s they deposit, nrf
rds have their Used
II nuineroiis lliicks
I green places near
Is in the hay ; the
rocky shores of 'he
,p even with reli.ili,
hip, the \)iu(;iiiir^
strong than that uf
egus, that on one
)()(( in f lur or live
il that iiiimbi r liiul
lloth gulls anil
each, if remov.d,
hatch them. The
laces, the peui^uins
Id inlets, es)i( •lally
In at the inoutli.^<if
luiv is nnwforniiii"
nooK III. rossivSsioNs in north amkkica.
CHAITKH I.- LOWER CANADA.
.SfcTloN I. The tirni Cnninlit is supposed to bo
ilerived from the Indian word Knnaln, Higiulying a
collection of huts, nnd which the early Kiiropean dis-
ciiverers mistook for the name of the country. This
important section nf the British empire is bouiidi'd on
the K. by the Atlantic Ocean, the (iiilf nf St. Law-
rence nnd a part of the Labrador const (which is sepa-
rated by the .Strnits of Hclleisle from the island of
Newfoundland), on the N. by the Hudson ll^ty terii-
torii's, on the \V. by the Pacific Ocean, and on the S.
by the United States, by part of New Druuswick, nnd
by the unexplored territories of the Indians. The
division line on the S. from the grand portage on
Lake Superior (vide general in.<p) runs through the
great lakes niul down the St. I.iwrence river to lati-
tude l'>., nnd 'lemre along that line to Connecticut
river, from whence it follows the high lands which
separate the waters rutiiiiug into the St. Lawrence
and the Atlantic, till it reaches due N. of the St.
Croix river, the boundary between the United States
and New l'<runswiek.
'I'he boundary is thus described in the 2nd article
III the treaty between tireat liritain and the Cnited
States. " From the N. \V. angle of Nova Scotia, viz.
that angle which is formed by ii line drawn due N.
from the source of St. Croix river (the claim set up
by the Americans is based on the pretence of their
being two ' St. Croix' rivers, and next as to the
' highlands' specified ) lo llic Imshliindu itlnna the miUi
hiu'liliinil.i, which divide those rivers that em|)ty them-
selves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which
tall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the north-western-
most hend of the Connecticut river; thence down
along the middle of that river, to 'i't. N. latitude ;
from thence Ijy a line due west in snid latitude, until
it strikes the river Inxpiuis or Cntnrn'piy ; thence
along the middle of said river into Lake Ontario;
through the middle of snid lake until it strikes the
communication by water between that lake and Lake
Krie ; through the middle uf said lake, until it arrives
at the water communication between that lake nnd
Lake Huron; thence along the middle of said water
coinmunication into Lake Huron; thence through the
middle of said lake to the water communicntion be-
tween that lake and Lake Superior ; thence through
Lake Superior luuthwanl to the Isles Royal nnd I'hi-
li|ienux, to the Long Lake ; thence through the middle
of said Long Lake and the water communication be-
tween it and the l.nki' of the Wouds, to the said Lake
of the Woods; thence through the said lake to the
mi "t north-western point thereof; and from tlie'ice
oil n duj; west course to the river Mississippi ; thence
by a line to be drawn along the middle of the said
river Mississippi until it shall intersect tiie northern-
most pnrt of ;{l. imrth latitude; — south, by n line to
lie drawn due east from the di'terniiiintion of the line
la.st mentioned, in the latitude of 31. north of the
e(|uator to the middle of the river .\pnlacliicola or
u
Catahoiiche ; thence niong the middle thereof to its
junction with Flint Itiver ; thence strnight to the
head of St. Mary's lliver ; nnd thence down along the
middle of St. Mary's lliver to the Alliuitie Oeenn ; —
east, by n line to be drnwii along the iiuildle of the
river St. Croix, from its mouth in the Hay of Fuiuly,
to its source ; and from its source directly north to
the aforesaid highlands, which divide the rivers which
fall into the .\tlaiitic Ocean from those which fall into
the river St. Lawrence ; comprehending all islands
within 20 leagues of any pnrt of the shores nf the
lliiifi'd States, and lying between lines to be drnwii
due east from the points where the nforesnid bomida-
ries between Nova Scotia on the our part, nnd Kast
Florida on the other, shall respectivi'ly touch the Hny
of l''ini(li/ nnd the Allonlir Drnnt, excepting such
islands as now are, or lierctofori' have been, within
the limits of the said |)ioviiice of Nova Scotia."
F.iiglaiid's admissiiin of the boundary claimed by
the Dniteil Stati's, on the froiitiir of Maine alone,
would Ik- a loss of 1(1,00(1 sipiaie miles of one of the
finest sections of the British North .\nu'rican terri-
tory, namely, fi,<)lH,|10 acres from Lower Canada,
and L', 372, 010 acres from New Brunswick ; and it
would bring the United States to the very smhmtrd
of Lower Cannda, nnd destroy the internal communi-
cation between each of our provinces, from the coasts
of the Atlantic to the shores of Lake Huron.
This extensive country was, in l"!»l, by His Bri-
tannic Majesty'.s order in council, divided into two
governments (entitled Upper and Lower (,'niiada), the
boundary between tlu' provinces commencing nt
I'liiiili' nil /{'((/(/(•/, on I.nkc St. Francis, about .').') miles
nbove Montreal — running northerly to the Ottnwa
river — up that river to its source in Lake Tcmiscnm-
ing, and thence due N. to the Hudson's Bay boundary.
The words of the order in Council are — " to com-
mence at a stone boundary on the N. bank of the
lake of St. Francis, at the cove W. of I'ninli' uii liitu-
dii, in the limit between the township of Lancaster
and the seigniory of New I.ongueuil running along
the said limit in the direction of N. 3 L \V. to the
westernmost angle of the said seigniory of New Lon-
giieuil ; then nioiig the N. W. boiindnry of the seig-
niory of Vaudreiiil, running N. 2.') K. until it strikes
the Ottawa river ; to ascend the said river into the
lake Temiscaming, and from the head of the said lake
by a line drawn due N. until it strikes the houndnry
of Hudson's Bny, including nil the terrifiuy to the
westward and southwnrd of the said line, to the
utinost extent of the country commonly called or
known by the luinie of Cannda." The want of clear-
ness in the above delinention, added to the imperfect-
ness of the map on >vhich it was drawn, particularly
as regarded the vvestwardly angle of the seigniory of
New I.ongueuil, nnd the S.W. angle of Vaiidreuil,
which aie represented as ruinridcnt, when, according
to Col. Bouciiette, Surveyor 'Jen. of Lower Canada,
^
^y^
i>
i>
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
A
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1.0
I.I
Li^ |2.5
|jo ■^" H^H
tii 1^ |2.2
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M
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►
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. MSeO
(716) 873-4S03
}4r,
LOWKR CANADA.— HISTORY AND ACQIIISITION.
m
i'
m.
■i
they are nine miles distant from each otlier — has
naturally caused discussions as to the boundaries be-
tween Upper and Lower Canada.
The territory of Lower Canada, or seaward portion,
is comprised within the 4.')th and .'iiind of N. latitude,
and the parallels of 57.50. to 80.0. of W. longitude,
embracing, so far as its boundaries will admit an
estimation, an area of 205,86.'i square statute miles,
including a superficies of 3,200 miles covered by the
numerous lakes and rivers of the province, 8 ad ex-
cludini^ the surface of the St. Lawrence river a' id part
of the gulf, which occupy 52,000 scjuare mil ;s; the
entire province, water and land, being a quai ter of a
million of square miles, or one hundred and sixty mil-
lion of acres. The boundaries of Lower Canada are
the territories of the Hudson Bay Company, or East
Maine, on the N. ; on the E. the Gulf of St. Law-
rence and a line drawn from Ance au Sablon, on the
Labrador coast, due N. to the 52nd of N. latitude ;
on the S. by New Brunswick and part of the territo-
ries of the United States, viz. Maine, New Hampshire,
Vermont, and New York ; and on the W. by the line
separating it from Upper Canada as before described.
This boundary was fixed by the fi Geo. IV. c. 59,
which also reannexed the Island of Anticosti to Lower
Canada. The whole territory is divided into three
chief districts — Quebec, Montreal, and Three rivers,
and two inferior ones — Gaspe and St. Francis ; these
again fu.'ther divided into 40 counties {ride popula-
tion section), with minor subdivisions consisting of
seigniories, fiefs and townships, &c.
II. The discovery of the coast of Canada, according
to the most authentic statements, was made by the
celebrated Italian adventurers John and his son Sebas-
tian Cabot, who received a commission from Henry
VII. of England to discover what Columbus was in
search of — a N.W. passage to the East Indies or China,
or, as the latter country was then called, Cathay. The
adventurers sailed, in 1497, with six ships, and, early
in June of the same year, discovered Newfoundland;
whence, continuing a westerly course, the continent
of North America was arrived at, which the Cabots
coasted (after exploring the Gulf of St. Lawrence) as
far N. as 67.50 N. lat. They returned to England in
1498. In 1502, Hugh Elliott and Thomas Ashurst,
merchants of Bristol, with two other gentlemen, ob-
tained a patent from Henry VII. to establish colonies
in the countries lately discovered by Cabot ; but the
result of the permission granted is not known. In
1527; another expedition was fitted out by Henry VIII.
by the advice of Robert Thome, a merchant of Bristol,
for the purpose of discovering a N.W. passage to the
East Indies, and one of the ships in making the attempt
was lost.
Francis I. of France, piqued at the discoveries of
Spain and Portugal, and having his ambition roused
by the monopolizing pretensions of these two powers
to the possessions in the New World, authorized the
fitting out of an expedition, the command of which he
gave to John Verrazani, an Italian, who discovered
Florida, and thence sailing back round the American
coast to the 15 degree of lat., took formal possession
of the country for his royal master, and called it " La
Nouvelle France." On Verrazani's return to Europe
1524, without gold or silver or valuable merchandize,
he was at first coldly received, but subsequently sent
out with more particular instructions and directions to
open a communication with the natives, in endeavour-
ing to fulfil which he lost his life in a fray with the
Indians, and the object of the expedition was frus-
trated ; while the capture of Francis I. at the battle
of Pavia, in 1525, put a temporary stop to further
exploration of the coast of Canada. When the Go-
vernment, however, ceased to follow up the result of
Verrazani's formal acquisition of Canada, the French-
men of St. Maloes commenced a successful fishery at
Newfoundland, which, so early as 1517, had had 50
ships belonging to the English, Spanish, French and
Portuguese engaged in the cod fishery on its banks.
Jacques Cartier, a native of St. Maloes, engaged in
Newfoundland fishery, took the lead in exploring, at
his own risk, the N. coasts of the new hemisphere.
This bold and experienced navigator at last received
a commission from his sovereign, Francis I., and left
St. Maloes on the 20th April, 1534, with two vessels,
neither of which were more than 20 tons burthen !
He coasted part of the gulf which he named St. Law-
rence; sailed 300 leagues up the river to which he
gave the same name ; contracted an alliance with
some of the natives ; built a small fort, in which he
wintered ; took formal possession of the country, and
returned to France with a native chief named Donna-
conna, and two or three of his principal attendants
(all of whom were forced from their country by
treachery), but without any of those precious metals
which were then the great objects of European cu-
pidity. The enterprizing character of his royal master
induced him to despatch Cartier in the following year
with three larger vessels, and a number of young gen-
tlemen as volunteers. Cartier sailed up the St. Law-
rence, found the country densely peopled, and the
Indians every where friendly. Quebec (or, as it
was termed by the natives, Quilibek) was touched
at, and an Indian village found there. Cartier pursued
his route until he reached an island in the river with
a lofty mountain, which he named Mont Royal, now
called Montreal. (There is a discrepancy in the public
records as to whether Montreal was visited in the first
or second voyage.) After losing many of his followers
from scurvy, Cartier returned to France in 1536 ; and
the French court, finding that no gold or silver was
to be had, paid no further attention to La Nowelle
France, or Canada, until the year 1540, when Cartier,
after much exertion, succeeded in getting a royal ex-
pedition fitted out under the command of Francois
de la Roque, Seigneur de Roberval, who was commis-
sioned by Francis I. as Viceroy and Lieut-general in
Canada, Hochela (or Montreal), &c. Roberval des-
patched Cartier to form a settlement, which he did at
St. Croix's Harbour. The Viceroy himself proceeded
to his new colony in 1542, where he built a fort and
wintered, about four leagues above the isle of Orleans
(first called the Isle of Bacchus) ; but, for want of
any settled plans, and from the rising and deadly hos-
tility of the Indians, owing to Cartier's having carried
off the Indian chief in 1535, little was accomplished.
Roberval's attention was called from Canada to serve
his sovereign in the struggle for power so long waged
with Charles V. of Spain ; and Jacques Cartier, ruined
in health and fortune, returned to France in 1549,
where he died neglected by his fickle countrymen.
Roberval, on the death of Francis I., embarked for
Canada, with his brother and a numerous train of
enterprizing young men; but, from having never
afterwards been heard of, they are supposed to have
perished at sea. For 50 years, France paid no atten-
tion to Canada, and the f'-v settlers or their de-
scendants left by Cartier or Roberval, were unheeded
and unsuccoured ; but, in 1598, Henry IV. appointed
the Marquis de la Roche his Lieut.-general in Canada,
with power to partition discovered lands into seig-
niories and flcfs, to be held under feudal tenure, and
LOWER CANADA.— GKOGUAI'IIY,
147
iry stop to further
a. When the Go-
ow up the result of
Canada, the French-
lUCceasful fishery nt
1517, had had no
panish, French and
shery on its banks.
Plaices, engaged in
ad in exploring, at
tc new hemisphere.
;or at last received
Francis I., and left
4, with two vessels,
1 20 tons burthen !
he named St. Law-
I river to which he
1 an alliance with
1 fort, in which he
of the country, and
hief named Donna-
irincipal attendants
their country by
3se precious metals
ts of European cu-
of his royal master
1 the following year
mber of young gen-
led up the St. Law-
f peopled, and the
Quebec (or, as it
'ibek) was touched
re. Cartier pursued
id in the river with
i Mont Royal, now
pancy in the public
p visited in the first
ny of his followers
ranee in 153C ; and
gold or silver was
on to La Nowellf
540, when Cartier,
getting a royal ex-
imand of Francois
who was commis-
i Lieut-general in
,c. Roberval des-
t, which he did at
himself proceeded
e built a fort and
the isle of Orleans
but, for want of
g and deadly hos-
r's having carried
■as accomplished.
Canada to serve
er so long waged
|ies Cartier, ruined
France in 1541),
jckle countrymen.
L, embarked for
merous train of
m having never
upposed to have
|ce paid no atten-
ers or their de-
1, were unheeded
ry IV. appointed
neral in Canada,
lands into seig-
udal tenure, and
as a compensation for military service when required.
Such was the origin of the Canadian seigneuries. The
further history of the province will be found in tiie
" Colonial Library," vol. i., in which is detailed the
struggles and disasters of the colonists until the
Uiitish capture of Quebec by General Wolfe, on the
IL'th September, 1759.
The determined and loyal conduct of the Canadians
of all classes, whether of English or French origin, in
Lower Canada, effectually prevented the Americans
making an impression on that province; and our
occupation of both the Upper and Lower Provinces
has been uninterrupted for nearly 80 years.
The following is a chronological list of Governors
and Administrators of the Government of Canada,
since the province was erected into a royal govern-
ment, in 1663, and the time when they began to
govern. French — Sieur de Mesy, May, 1663; Sieur
de Courcelles, 23rd Sept. 1665; Sieur de Fronte-
nac, 12th Sept. 1672; Sieur de la Barre, 9th Octo-
her, 1682 ; Sieur Marquis de Nonville, 3rd August,
1685; Sieur de Frontenac, 28th November, 1689;
Sieur Chevalier de Callieres, 14th September, 1699 ;
Le Sieur Marquis deVaudreuil, 17th September, 1703 ;
l,e Sieur Marquis de Beauharnois, 2nd September,
1726 ; Sieur Conte de la Galissoniere, 25lh September,
1747; Sieur de la Jonquifere, 16th August, 1749;
Sieur Marquis du Guesne de Meneville, 7th Aupust,
1752; Sieur de Vaudreuil de Cavagnal, 10th July,
1755. English — James Murray, 21st Nov. 1765;
Paulus Emilius Irving (Pres.), 30th June, 1766;
Guy Carleton (Lieut. -gov., &c. Commander-in-chief),
24th September, 1766; Ditto, ditto, 26th October,
1774 ; Hector J. Cramahe (President), 9th August,
1770; Guy Carleton, Uth October, 1774; Frederick
Haldimand, 1778; Henry Hamilton (Lieut. -governor
and Commander-in-chief), 1774 ; Henry Hope (Lieut. -
governor and Commander-in-chief), 1775 ; Lord Uor-
cliester (Gov.- general), 1776; Colonel Clarke (Lieut. -
Governor and Commander-in-chief), 1791 ; Lord
Dorchester, 24th September, 1793; Robert Prescott,
1796; Sir Robert S. Milnes, Bart. (Lieut.-governor),
31st July, 1799; Hon. Thomas Dunn (President),
SlstJuly, 1805; Sir J. H.Craig, K.B. (Gov.-general),
24th October, 1807; Hon. Thomas Dunn (President),
19th June, 1811; Sir George Prevost, Bart. (Gov.-
general), 14th September, 1811 ; Sir G. Drummond,
G.C.B. fAd.-in-chief), 14th April, 1815; John Wilson,
(Administrator), 22nd May, 1816 ; Sir J. C. C. Sher-
hroke, G.C.B. (Gov.-general), 12th July, 1816; Duke
of Richmond, K.C.B. (Gov.-general), 30th July, 1818;
Hon. James Monk (President), 20th September, 1819 ;
Sir Peregrine Maitland, 20th September, 1820; Earl
of Dalhousie, G.C.B. (Gov.-general), 18th June, 1820 ;
Sir Francis M. Burton, KC.G. (Lieut.-governor), 7th
June, 1824; Earlof Dalhousie, G.C.B. (Gov.-general),
23rd September, 1825 ; Sir James Kemp, G.C.B., 8th
September, 1828; Lord Aylmer, July, 1830; Lord
Gosford, July, 1835 ; Earl of Durham, June, 1838.
III. The natural features of the territory of Lower
Canada are extremely picturesque — mountain ranges,
noble rivers, magnificent cascades, lakes, prairies,
farms and forests, alternating in every direction with
sudden and beautiful variety. On the ocean boundary
tlie eastern parts of the river St. Lawrence are high
and mountainous, and covered in most parts with
forests. On the northern side of the St. Lawrence
the mountains run parallel with this vast river as far
up as Quebec, when the range quits the parallel of
the capital, and runs in a S.W. and S.E. direction into
the United States. These mountains, which are known
by the name of the Alleghdnics, rise abiuptly from the
Gulf of St. Lawrence at Peree, between the Bay of
Chaleur and Gasjie Cape, and in their course divide
the Atlantic coast from the basin of the Ohio, their
loftiest elevation being from 3,000 to 4,000 feet above
the sea. The country between these two ranges of
mountains and the S. boundary line of Lower Canada
in 4.5" of N. lat., is marked by numerous risings and
depressions into hill and dale, with many riveis run-
ning from the N. and S. into the great valley of the St.
Lawrence. In order to give a clear view of this valley,
it will be well to divide it into sections, and then treat
briefly of the rivers and lakes throughout the province ;
to begin with the sea coast : —
1. The most northerly and easterly section of the
province of Lower Canada, extending from Ante au
Snhlon on the Labrador coast to the Saguenuy river,
Lat. 48.5 Long. 69.37, occupies a front of 650 miles,
of which we know little more than the appearance of
the coast, as explored from time to time by fishers
and hunters. A bold mountainous country, in ge-
neral characterises the coast line ; in some places the
range recedes from the shores of the Gulf and river
St. Lawrence to the extent of 12 or 15 miles, leaving
a deep swampy flat or moss-bed nearly three feet in
depth, — in other parts (as at Portneuf 40 miles E. of
the Saguenay) the shores are of moderate elevation,
composed of alternate cliffs of light coloured sand and
tufts or clumps of evergreens.
The country between the two points just stated, is
well watered by numerous rivers, among which may
be mentioned the Grande and Petit Bcrgeronnes, the
Portneuf, Missisiquinak, Betsiamites, Bustard, Mani-
cougan, Ichimanipistic (or seven islands) St. John, St.
Austins and Esquimaux. It can scarcely be said that
we know anything more of these rivers than their
en;bouchures. There are no roads along the coast,
and the only settlement of any consequence is at Port-
neuf, a trading mart belonging to the Hudson Bay
Company, who possesses under lease from the crown
until 1842, the exclusive right of bartering, hunting
and fishing over this vast territory and even to the
westward of the Saguenay. The tract is termed the
King's domain and formed part of the " United farms
of France," according to the Ordonnance of 1733.
The country around Lake St. John and the head
waters of the Saguenay, has an extent of about
6,000,000 acres of (it is asserted) cultivable land,
better watered than any known country. It is pro-
tected by a range of mountains to the N. E., and it is
alleged has a milder climate than Quebec. The Sa-
guenay is stated to be navigable for a ship of the line
of the largest size, for a distance of 27 leagues, and
the port of Tadoussac at the mouth of the Saguenay,
is open two to three weeks earlier than Quebec.
I give this on the authority of Captain Yule, R.
Engineers, who surveyed the country, and favoured me
with his notes. Captain Yule speaks in high terms ot
the Saguenay as an eligible, social, and military sta-
tion.
2. The second geographical division of the province
N. of the river St. Lawrence, is that comprised within
the mouths of the Saguenay and St. Maurice rivers,
whijh form the great highways to the northern terri-
tories and ramify in various directions with numerous
lesser streams and lakes. The distance between the
Saguenay and St. Maurice is nearly 200 miles ; Que-
bec City being nearly equidistant from each river.
From Quebec to the Snguenay there is a bold and
strongly defined range of mountains ; from Cape Tor-
ment the ridge is unbroken (save where rivers flncl-
14«
i.o\vi:r canaua.— gkogkaphy,
their exits to the St. Lawrence) to 15 miles below the
Sagucnay. IJeyond this coast border, the cotintry is
flat and undulating: with chains of hills of moderate
height, well watered by numerous lakes and rivers ;
among the latter are the St. Charles, the Montmo-
renci, the Great river or St. Ann's, the du Gouffre,
Black river, &c.
The country N. W. of Quebec, between that city
and the St. Maurice, is not so bold as it is to the S.E.
towards the Sagucnay ; the land rises in a gentle
ascent from the St. Lawrence banks, presenting an
extremely picturesque prospect, with plternations of
water, wood, and rich cultivation, bounded in the dis-
tance by remote and lofty mountains. The rivers
Jactjucs Cartier, I'ortncuf, St. Ann's and Batiscan
with their numerous tributaries, add fertility and
beauty to the landscape.
3. The third territorial section N. of the St. Law-
rence, embraces the country lying between the St.
Maurice river an<l the junction of the Ottawa and St.
Lawrence, where Upper and Lower Canada meet.
The aspect of the country from five to fifteen miles
from the river's bank is slightly elevated into table
ridges, with occasional abrupt acclivities and small
plains.
The islands of Montreal, Jesus and Perrot, situate in
the river St. Lawrence, come within this section.
Montreal (the principal) is a beautiful isle of a trian-
gular shape, 32 miles long by 10 broad, lying at the
confluence of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence, and sepa-
rated on the N. W. from isle Jesus by the rivifere des
Prairies. Montreal exhibits a nearly level surface
with the exception of a mountain, (Coteau St. Pierre)
and one or two hills of a slight elevation, from which
flow numerous streams and rivulets. The island is
richly cultivated and tastefully adorned. Isle Jesus
N. \V. of Montreal, 21 miles long by six broad, is every
•where level, fertile, and admirably tilled ; off its S.W.
end is Isle Bizard, about four miles in length and
nearly oval, well cleared and tenanted. Isle Perrot
lies off the S. W. end of Montreal seven miles long by
three broad ; level, sandy and not well cleared ; the
small islets de la Faix are annexed to the seigniory of
isle Perrot, and serve for pasturages.
4. Before proceeding to describe the physical aspect
of the S. side of the St. Lawrence, it may be proper
to observe that but little ir, known of the interior of
the portion of the province bounded by the Ottawa
or Grand River ; so far as it has been explored it is
not Uistinguished by the boldness which characterizes
the E. section of Lower Canada ; now and then small
ridges and extensive plains are met with receding from
the bed of the Ottawa whose margin is an alluvial Hat,
flooded often by the spring freshes and autumnal
rains to the extent of a mile from the river's bed. Be-
yond the first ridge that skirts these flats the country
is little known.
5. Let us now view the province of the S. of the
St. Lawrence, beginning as before at the sea coast —
on which the large county and district of Gasp^ is
situate. This peninsulatcd tract more properly belong-
ing to the New Brunswick than to Lower Canada,- lies
between the i)arallel of 47. IH to 49.12 N. Lat. and
64.12 to fiV-'iS W. Long., bounc'-^d on the N. by the
river St. Lawrence, on the E. by the Gulf of the same
name, on the S. by the Bay of Chaleurs adjoining
New Brunswick, and on the W. by the Lower Canada
territory ; having its greatest width from N. to S.
about 90 miles, and with a sea coast extending 3.')0
miles from Cape Chat round to the head of Risti-
gtiuche Bay. Thi.s laige tract of territory has been as
yet but very superficially explored; so far as we know
the face of the country is uneven, with a range of
mountains skirting the St. Lawrence to the N., and
another at no remote distance from the shores of
Ristigouche river and Bay of Chaleurs; — between
these ridges is an elevated and broken valley, occa-
sionally intersected by deep ravines. The district is
well wooded and watered by numerous rivers and
lakes, the soil rich and yielding abundantly when tilled.
The sea beach is low (with the exception of Cape
Gaspe which has lofty perpendicular cliffs) and fre-
quently used as the highway of the territory ; behind,
the land rises into high round hills well wooded. The
chief rivers are the Ristigouche into which falls the
Pscudy, Goummitz, Guadamgonichone, Mistoue and
Matapediac ; the grand and little Nouvelle, grand and
little Cascapediac, Caplin, Bonaventure, East Nouvelle,
and Port Daniel that discharge themselves into the
Bay of Chaleurs ; — grand and little Pabos, grand and
little River, and Mai Bay river flowing into the Gulf
of St. Lawrence : — the river St. John and N. E. and
S. W. branches fall into Gaspfc Bay : there are also
many lakes.
C. The country comprized between the Western
boundary of Gaspe and the E. of the Chaudiere river,
has a front along the St. Lawrence river to the N. W.
of 257 miles, and is bounded to the S. E. by the high
lands dividing the British from the United States ter-
ritories. These high lands are fi2 miles from the St.
Lawrence at their nearest point, but on approaching
the Chaudiere river they diverge Southwardly. The
physical aspect of this territory, embracing about
19,000 square miles (of which the United States
claim about 10,000 square miles), is not so mountai-
nous as the opposite bank of the St. Lawrence ; it
may more properly be characterized as a hilly region
abounding in extensive valleys. The immediate
border of the St. Lawrence is flat, soon however ri-
sing into irregular ridges, and attaining an elevated
and extensive tableau: at the distance of 15 to 20
miles from the shores of the St. Lawrence, the tableau
gently descends towards the river St. John, beyond
which it again rcascends, acquiring a greater degree
of altitude towards the sources of the Allegasb — finally
merging in the Connecticut range of mountains.
7. The last section of Lower Canada S. of the St.
Lawrence is that highly valuable tract W. of the river
Chaudiere, fronting the St. Lawrence, and having in
the rear the high lands of Connecticut and the paral-
lel of the 45 degrees of N. Lat., which constitutes
the S. and S. E. boundary of Lower Canada, where
the latter is divided from the American States of
New Hampshire, Vermont and New York. The su-
perficial extent of this tract is 18,s(;4 miles, contain-
ing 17 counties and a population numbering 200,000.
The physical aspect varies throughout this extensive
section ; at the mouth of the Cliaiidicn' the banks of
the St. Lawrence still retain the characteristic bold-
ness for which they arc remarkable at Quebec and
Point Levi, but proceeding Westward they gradually
subside to a moderate elevation till thcv sink into the
fiats of Bale du Febrc, and form the marshy shores of
Lake St. Peter, whence the country becomes a richly
luxuriant plain. Proceeding from Lake St. Peter to-
wards Montreal, the boldness and grandeur of tlu'
country about Quebec may be contrasted with the
picturesque champagne beauties of Richelieu, Vcr-
chercs, Chambly and La Pr;iirie districts. In the for-
mer especially the eye of the spectator is delighted
with a succession of rich and fruitful fields, luxuriant
meadows, Hourishing settlements, neat homesteads,
LOWER CANADA.—CiKUGRAPHY.
149
gay villages and even dcliglitlul villns ntiorniiip; the
banks of the RicheUeii, tlio Yaniaskn and the St. Law-
rence, whilst in the distance are seen the towering
m'Tjntains of Rouville and Chamhly, Roiigemont,
Mount Johnson and Hoiicherville, soaring mDJcstically
above the common level. As the country recedes
from the St. Lawrence banks to the E. and S. E., it
gradually swells into ridges, becomes progressively
more hilly, and finally assumes a mountainous cha-
racter towards lakes Mcmphramagog and St. Francis,
beyond which the country continues to preserve more
or less that boldness of aspect to the borders of the
Chandiere and the height of land at the Connecticut's
sources. This is the section of the fine country known
by the name of the Enstcrn Tnirnship^, in which the
Ikitish American Land Company's possessions are situ-
ate.
It is probable that the range of hills traversing
Bolton, Orford, &c., are a continuation of the Green
mountains which form a conspicuous ridge running
from S. to W. through the state of Vermont. Several
bold and conspicuous mountains rise in an isolated
manner from the valleys or plains of Yamaska and
Cliambly, adding a delightful interest to the .scenery.
This territory is abundantly watered by numerous
rivers and lakes and rivulets winding in every direc-
tion. The chief rivers are the Chaudiere (forming
the boundary to the Eastward) the Heqancotir, Nico-
let (two branches), St. Francis, Yamaska, Richelieu
(or Chamhly), Chatcauguay and Salmon : all but the
three last have their sources within the province.
The chief lakes are the Memphramagog (part in Ca-
nada, part in the United States), Scaswaninipus,
Tomefobi, St. Francis, Nicolet, Pitt, William, Trout,
and many smaller ones.
Quebec, in Lat. 4(J.48. I.on. 70.72. is situated
upon the N. E. extremity of n rocky ridge or promon-
tory, called Cape Diamond (S.'iO feet above the water's
edge), which runs for seven or eight miles to the
westward, connected with another cape called Cape
RougL, forming the lofty and left bank of the river
St. Lawrence, which is but for a short space inter-
rupted by a low and flat valley to the N. E. adjoining
the level in whicl the river St. Charles now runs to
the N. of the city. The site of the town on the N.
of the promontory has apparently been chosen from
its more gradual slope on this side than to the south-
ward, which is precipitous. To the N. and W. of the
city the ground slopes more gradually, and terminates
in the St. Charles valley. The large river St. Law-
rence flows to the southward of the city, washes the
base of the steep promontory of Ca])e Diamond, and
unites its waters with the small river St. Charles, flow-
ing along the N. side of the city, the junction being in
front of the town, where they expand into a consi-
siderable basin, forming the harbour of Quebec.
The city is nominally divided into two, called the
Upper and Lower Towns ; the latter being built at
the base of the promontory, level with the high water,
and where the rock has been removed to make room
for the houses, which are generally constructed in the
old style, of stone, two or three stories high, with
narrow and ill-ventilated streets. From the Lower to
the Upper Town there is a winding street (Mountain-
street,) extremely steep, which is commanded by well
planted cannon, and terminates at an elevation of 200
feet above the river, at the city walls ; or by ' Break
Neck Stairs,' where the Upper Town commences, ex-
tending its limits considerably to the westward, along
the slope of the ridge and up the promontory towards
the Cape within fifty or sixty yards of its summit.
The aspect is N,, and well placed for ventilation, al-
though the streets are narrow and irregular. There
are suburbs to each town ; in the upper, they ex-
tend along the slope of the ridge called St. John's ; in
the Lower, they extend along the valley from the St.
Charles, called the Rocks. The influence of the tides,
which extend several leagues beyond Quebec, raise
the waters at the confluence of the two rivers many
feet above their general level, and overflow the St.
Charles valley, which rises gradually from the river
to the northward, in a gentle slope for a few miles,
until it reaches the mountains. This valley and slope
is wholly under cultivation and extremely rich and
picturesque. The ridge on which Quebec stands is
also cultivated as far as Cape Rouge to the west-
ward.
As a fortress, Quebec may be now ranked in the
first class; the citadel on the highest jioint of Cape
Diamond, together with a formidable combination of
strongly constructed works extending over an area of
forty acres : small batteries connected by ramparts
are continued from the edge of the preci])ice to the
gateway leading to the lower town, which is defended
by cannon of a large calibre, and the approach to it
up Mountain Street enfiladed and flanked by many
large guns : a line of defence connects with the grand
battery, a redoubt of great strength armed with 24
pounders, entirely commanding the basin and passage
of the river. Other lines add to the impregnability
of Quebec; the possession of which, (if properly de-
fended) may be said to give the mastery of Upper as
well as of Lower Canada. [For a complete descrip-
tion of the topography of the country, see Colonial
Lihruri/, vol. i.j
Montreal, in 4.'5.4f). Lat. N., is situate upon the
N. or left bank of the St. Lawrence (160 miles S. W.
from Quebec), upon the Southernmost poirit of an
island bearing the same name, and which is formed
by the river St. Lawrence on the S., and a branch
of the Ottawa or grand river on the N. The island
is in length from I'", to W. 30 miles, and from N.
to S. eight miles : its surface is an almost uniform
flat, with the exception of an isolated hill or moun-
tain on its W. extremity, which rises from 500 to 800
feet higher than the river level. Along its foot, and
particularly up its sides, are thickly interspersed corn
fields, orchards and villas, above which to the very
summit of the mountain, trees grow in luxuriant
Vcuicty. The view from the top, though wanting in
the sublime grandeur of Cape Diamond at Quebec, is
romantically picturesque : on the S. the blue hills of
Vermont, and around a vast extent of thickly inha-
bited, cultivated and fertile country embellished with
woods, waters, churches, cottages and farms, — beneath
the placid city of Montreal — its shipping and river
craft, and the fortified island of St. Helena, altogether
exhibiting a scene of softly luxuriant beauty. Within
a mile to the N. W. of the town, the range of the
mountain gradually declines for a few miles to the W.
and N. to the level of the surrounding country. The
bank of the river upon which Montreal is built, has a
gradual elevation of 20 to ."^O feet, sloping again in the
rear of the town, where there is a canal to carry off
any accumulated water : the land then again undu-
lates to the N. to a higher range. The streets are
parallel with the river, and intersect each other at
right angles ; the bouses are for the most part of a
greyish stone, roofed with sheet iron or tin : many of
them are hiindsome structures, and would be consi-
dered as such in London.
In the extent and importance of her trade — in the
150
LOWER CANADA.— GEOGRAPHY.
beauty of her public and private buildings — in the I prized in one seigniory, and belongs to the Roman
111*
il;
gay appearance of her shops, and in all the extrinsic
signs of wealth, Montreal is far a-hend of the metro-
politan city of the province. Its population in IHi'.'i,
was 22,3.')7; and in 1831,27,21)7; at present it is
about 35,000, if not more. The whole island is com-
Catholic clergy, who are consc(|uently wealthy, but
very liberal in exacting tho lotla ct rrntn due to them
on the mutation of land, — they usually compound for
these tines (see Section Vll.).
Divisions of the Province.
DISTRICTS.
Between
parallels of
N. Lat.
Between de-
grees of
W. Long.
Along the
St.
Lawrence,
Miles.
Depth
inland
Miles.
Superficial
square
Miles.
Quebec, including An- 1
ticosti and other islands. J
Montreal, including is- "1
lands . . . J
Three Rivers, including"!
St. Francis and islands. J
Gaspe peninsula, includ- 1
ing islands . . . j
45" to 52"
45" to
49." 50'
45" to 49"
47" 18'
to 49." 12'
57" 50' to
72" 4'
72" 54'
to 80"
72" 4' to
72" 54'
64" 12' to
f.7" 53'
826
110
52
80
3G0
310
320
200
127919
54802
15823
7289
Total superficies in square miles
RIVERS AND LAKES OF CANADA.
205863
RIVERS.
QUEBEC DISTRICT.
N. of St. Lawrence.
St. Anne
Jac(iues Cartier
Batiscan
St. Charles
Montmorenci
Gouffre
Mai Bay
Black River
Saguenay
Belsianite
St. John
St. Anne, L.
Portneuf
Gateneau
Liveres
Petite Nation
Rivi&re Blanche
Du Nord
Mascouche
Achigan
L'Assomption
Lachenaye
Lerthier
Bhaloupe
Cu Chfine
St. Maurice
and branches
Baticcan pt.
Champlain
Du Loup G. and L.
Maskinongc
Machichc
S. of St. Lawrence.
Chaudierc, Part of
Etchemin
Du Sud
Du Loup
Green river
Kimouski
Trois Pistoles
Mitis
Tartigo
Matane
Madawaska
St. Francis, Part of.
St. John, Part of.
N. of St. Lawrence.
St. John's
Commissioners
Quaquagamack
Wayagamac
Bouchette
Kajoulwang
Ontaratri
St. Charles
Chawgis
Assuapmoussin
Shecoubish
MONTREAL DISTRICT.
Richelieu
Sorel
Yamaska
and branches
Pyke
Montreal L.
Chateauguay
and branches
Lacolle
Magog
Coaticock
Missiskoui
White Fish
Sabbls
Killarney
Temiscaming
Lievres
Le Roque
Rochcblanc
Pothier
Nimicachinigue
Papincau
Maskinonge
St. Francis
and branches
Nicolet
and do.
Becancour
Gentilly
Yamaska, Part of.
THREE RIVERS DISTRICT.
O. Cananshing
Matawin
Goldfinch
Shasawataiata
Montalagoose
Oskelanaio
Crossways
Perchaudes
Blackbeaver
Bewildered
LAKES.
S. of St. Lawrence.
Tcmiscouata
Matajjcdiae
Mitis
Abawsisquash
Longlake
Pitt
Trout
William
St. Francis
McTavish
Macanamack
Memphramagog
Tomefobi
Missiskoui Bay
Scaswaninepus pt.
Yamaska Bay
St. Louis
Two Mountains
St. Francis
Chaudiere
Chats
Allumets
Nicolet
St. Francis, point of.
Megautie
St. Paul
Outardes
Backlake
Connecticut
W'codon
Scaswaninepus pt.
St. Peter.
I.OWKU CANADA— GF.Ol.OGY. MINERALOGY, AND SOIL
IV. So far as we know, the gcologicul structure of
Canada exhibits a granite country, accompanied with
calcareous rocks of a soft texture, and in horizontal
strata. The prevniling rocks in the Alleghany moun-
tains are granite in va.st strata, hut sometimes in
boulders between the mountains and the shore ; grey-
wacke and clayslate also occur with limestone occa-
sionally ; various other rocks, usually detached,
present themselves. The lower islands of the St. Law-
rence ure mere inequalities of the vast granitic strata
which occasionally protrude over the level of the river;
the Kamouraska islands and the Penguins in particu-
lar exhibit this appearance, and in Kamouraska and
St. Anne's parishes large masses of primitive granite
rise in sharp conical hills (one is 500 feet high) with
in some places smooth sides and scarcely a fissiire, in
other places full of fissures and clothed with pine
trees which have taken root therein — the whole coun-
try appearing as if the St. Lawrence at one period en-
tirely covered the land. At St. Koch the post road
leads for more than a mile under a perpendicular ridge
of granite .300 feet high. The banks of the St. Law-
rence are in many places composed of a schistus sub-
stance in a decaying or mouldering condition, but still
in every quarter granite is found in strata more or less
inclined to the horizon, but never parallel to it. In
the Gaspe district there have been obtained numerous
and beautiful specimens of the quartz family, includ-
ing a great variety of cornelians, agates, opals, and
jaspers ; coal indications have also been traced.
Among the mountains to the N. W. of the St.
Lawrence have been obtained iron felspar, hornblende,
native iron ore, granite, (white, grey and red) and a
kind of stone very common in Canada, called Lime-
sloiie Qranite, it being limestone that calcinates to
powder, yet by fracture apparently granite : marble is
in abundance and plumbago of the finest quality.
The iron mines of St. Maurice have long been cele-
brated, and the metal prepared (with wood) is con-
sidered equal if not superior to Swedish ; there is no
doubt that Canada is rich in copper, lead, tin, and
other mineral productions.
The beautiful spar peculiar to Labrador, whence it
derives its name, has long been celebrated ; some
specimens are of an ultra marine or brilliant sky-blue
colour — others of a greenish yellow — of a red — and of
a fine pearly grey tint. Marble of excellent quality
and of varied hues (white, green, and variegated) is
found in different parts of the country, and limestone,
so useful to the agriculturist, almost everywhere
abounds.
The quantity of good soil in Canada compared with
the extent of country is equal to that of any part of
the globe ; and there yet remains locality for many
millions of the human race. The best lands are
those on which the hardest timber is found — such
as oak, maple, beech, elm, black-walnut, &c. though
bass-wood when of luxuriant growth, and pine when
large, clean and tall, also indicates good land. Many
of the cedar swamps, where the cedars are not stunted
and mingled with ash of a large growth, contain a
very rich soil and are calculated for the finest hemp
grounds in the world. So great is the fertility ol the
soil in Canada, that .50 bushels ( f wheat per acre are
fre(iuently produced on a farm where the stumps of
trees which probably occupy an eighth of the surface,
have not been eradicated — some instances of 60
bushels per acre occur, and near York in Upper Ca-
nada, 100 bushels of wheat werenhtainedfromasmgle
acre ! In some districts wheat has been raised suc-
cessively on the same ground for 20 years without
manure.
I'll
Along the Ottawa there is a great extent of allu-
vial soil, and many districts of fertile land are dally
brought into view which were before unknown. [Sec
Geology — " Colonial lAhninj."]
V. In Lower Canada, the temperature of the sea-
.,v~ rnay be considered severe rather than mild : the
winter divides the year, — commencing in November,
and terminating in May. In Upper Canada the winter
is shorter by two months.
Mcteorolofflrnl llcglstor for <JneI)cc.
MONTHS.
I
January [34|M
Kehruary jUN-h
March I;)2 -2
April '54 '20
May 1 72 .'1.1
June |!)0 0;l
July (ififii)
Anpiist !7Htia
September i 76 •''•^
October 77 21*
November .loll.')
December |29[I7
Avcraeing. . ,SH,:i'2 40
W. N. W.
W.E. N.K
W. Hi E.
Variable.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
E. N. E.
S. S.E.
W.N. W.
RKSIARKS,
Generally Une.
Much snow.
Snow and rahi.
Variable.
Generally flno.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Rain aud cloudy
Snow and rain.
Snow.
Variable,
• The minimum for January, February, and March, of
course, indicates //eluiv zero.
The greater severity in the eastern or lower pro-
vince is owing to its more N. E. position, and to the
contiguous N. E. range of uncultivated mountains.
In the N. E. the snow commences in November; but
seldom continues many days on the ground before
December, when the whole country is covered for
several feet deep, which does not entirely disappear
before the beginning of May. The frost during this
period is generally intense, with N. W. winds and
cleai atmosphere during the greater part of the win-
ter ; but on a change of wind to the southward and
eastward, the weather is overcast, the atmosphere
becomes damp, sometimes accompanied with thick fog
and snow-falls, with a considerable rise in the ther-
mometer, — which usually ranges, during the months
of December, January, February, and March, from 32
to 25 below zero, Fahrenheit.
Below Quebec the St. Lawrence is not frozen over,
but the navigation is impeded by the large masses of
ice which are floated down the river from the upper
districts, and kept in motion by the combined action
of the current at the narrows opposite Quebec, and
the diurnal influence of the ocean tides.
Duri.;g the month of April the influence of the sun
on the ice and snow begins to be felt, and about the
first week in May the snow has all disappeared in the
neighbourhood of Quebec, (the spring is three weeks
earlier at Montreal, distant on the St. Lawrence about
180 miles) and the ice which had been accumulating
in the great lakes and rivers that pay tribute to the
mighty stream, rushes down in vast masses and almost
incredible quantities towards the ocean, which again
dashes it inland with the impetuosity of the gulf tides,
presenting an extraordinary and almost terrific scene :
sometimes the St. Lawrence is choked up from bank
to bank with masses of ice from 4 to 500 yards in
diameter, — the sea-tide and land current forces these
on one another, and breaks them into small pieces,
forming fantastic groups of figures high above the sur-
face of the river ; — the effect of the wind and water on
these masses may well be imagined. The navigation
li
1
li
152
of the river is not said
LOWER CANADA.— CLIMATE.
to be com|)U'tcly open until
they have ail disappeared, which is about thu second
\ve( k in May ; vessels attempting to get out of, or to
enter the St. Lawrence while the ice is forming or
disappearing, are Irecjuently lost by being embayed
and crushed to pieces during a severe storm, when
the running rigging, and even the rudder becomes im-
moveable.
The climate of Canada has undergone a change as
shown by the mean height of the thermometer at H
A. M. for Ikemonth nfjiily, from 17U'.) to 1818 conse-
cutively : —
l7!l'.)..(W..ft7; lM00..f.r).70; 1801. . GO. 51 ; 1«02..
(•.H.;i5; 180;5..fi'.).38; 1804. . 72.19 ; 1805. . f.7.'J;< ;
18()C>..C5.9f); 1807.. 75.18; 180H. . 7.3.35 ; 180!)..
OO.GO; 1810..59.1fi; 1811..fi5.32; 1812. . 62.16 ;
1813. .51.41; 1814..fi0.15 ; 18 1 5. . f.5.S7 ; IHIO.
58.65; I817..62.1'.(; 1818.. 6 1.00.
The warmest of the foregoing years in July was
1807, and the coldest 1813. Since 1818 the elinmti
of Canada has undergone considerable change, partly
owing to the miiliim <if the M(i<::iictic I'olcs and the
clearing consequent on the cultivation of the country,
the etfect of which is mainly observable in the length-
ened duration of summer and conseiiuent sliorteniu;;
of winter. The state of the weather during the heiglii
of summer and winter at Cape Diamond, Quebec,
(lat. 46.48 N., long. 71.17 W.) will be yet further
seen by a Meteorological Register for January and
July, taken in the year 1828, a year of rather re-
markable high and low tcmj)erature.
METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER FOR QUEBEC.
JULY. JANUARY.
Barometer.
I
2
3
4
S
6
7
8
9
in
1
Vi
13
14
IS
16
1/
IH
19
2U
21
22
23
24
2.')
26
A. M.
29.1!)
.. 12
.. 17
.. 35
.. 55
.. IS
.. 12
.. 36
.. 22
28.88
29 31
.. 18
.. 37
.. 38
.. 32
.. 41
.. 41
.. 32
.. 06
.. 03
.. 26
.. 14
.. 06
28.95
. 93
2;! .. 97
28 29.05
. 37
. 60
.. 35
29.12
. . 14
. 20
-. 4-
.. 46
.. 01
.. 17
.. 48
28.89
29.19
.. 16
.. 26
.. 42
.. 27
.. 35
.. 46
.. 33
.. 21
28.94
29.06
.. 28
.. 11
.. 12
28.94
.. 87
.. !,6
.. 9-1
29.16
.. 50
.. 52
.. 24
rhcrmoraetcr
*. 1
6
3
fc
A.M-
P.M.
S
53
57
66
54
56
58
51
62
53
52
60
64
52
-0
76
56
72
76
63
63
67
56
60
64
53
59
59
55
58
60
67
62
88
49
62
63
49
64
70
68
58
64
56
58
58
55
62
62
59
69
69
66
76
76
62
70
74
58
78
78
66
81
81
62
76
n
63
76
76
64
76
77
62
75
76
62
71
71
65
7*
74
55
65
66.
54
69
70;
52
70
74
60
64
67'
1
Winds.
Noon.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
.S. W.
W. & E.
W. &E.
Cilm.
Do.
W. by N.
W. hj- S.
E.N.E.
Do.
S. W.
s. s. w.
W. N.W.
s, w.
s.
Do.
S. W.byS.
\V.
S. W.
Do.
S. W.byS.
S.
N. E.
W. by S.
W. S. W.
S. do.
S.W.bvS.
W. & E.
S.W.byW.
Do.
S. S. W.
S. by W.
Weather.
Noon.
.Show, cloudy
Gloomy
Heavy rain
Clearing;
Thunc!er
Do. rain
Rainy
Cloudy
Drizzle
Clearing:
Kain, cloudy
Clearing:
Dry & black
Siiowery
Do. and fogs
Clearing:
Thunder
Showery
Do. do.
Clear and do.
Do. hail
Showery
Unsettled
Thunder
Showery
Thundering
Squally
Clear
Siiowery
Squally
Do. & thunder
Barometer.
Thermometer.
7i
A. M.
29.8O
.. 57
28.75
29.6.1
.. 30
.. 45
28.97
29.61
30.00
29.92
.. 93
.. 75
.. 25
•. 94
.. 03
30.05
28.85
29.72
.. 55
28.75
29.00
.. 70
.. 85
30.11
29.90
.. 24
30.00
24.42
29,25
30.00
29.20
3
P. M.
! 71
A. M.
29.78 ;
. . 32 I
.. 20 I
.. 62
.. 16
..47
28.54 I
29.80
30.21
29.8S
.. 86
.. 75
.. 28
. . 55
.. 41
.. 90
28.95
29.52
.. 31
28.96
29.21
.. 83
.. 87
30.31
29.48
.. 45
. 85
28.37
29.62
.. 91
.. 42
-10
20
34
7
26
24
8
-12
- 5
5
13
31
36
-
12
-12
10
- 5
2
16
-20
-24
-16
-12
- 3
31
-10
1
-20
6
3
I-. II.
11
31
32
22
32
28
15
-
6
10
23
35
34
11
10
1
11
4
11
2
15
- 4
4
6
22
30
2
20
- 4
4
21
13
36
36
22
35
32
16
—
10
14
24
36
31
13
15
16
18
10
11
19
12
— 4
4
6
25
37
8
22
1
7
21
—
"
2'r
<
Jf
Winds.
Weather.
s
Noon.
Noon.
s
15
Calm
Clear
10
N. E.
Do.
17
S.W. mod.
Do.
18
Calm
(iloomy
19
N. E.
Snowing
20
W.
Cloudy
21
N. E by E.
Stormy
22
W. S. W. do.
Clear
23
W. by S.
Do.
24
N. E.
1)0.
25
Do.
Dim
26
Calm.
(iloomy
27
W.
Drizzling
28
E.
(jloomy
29
S.W.byW.
Stormy
1
W. S. W.
Dimly, clear
2
Do.
Clear
3
Do.
Do.
4
N. E. by E.
Cloudy
5
S.W.
Clear
6
Do.
Do.
7
Do.
Do.
8
Do.
Do.
9
Do.
Do.
10
N. E.do.
Clearing
11
W. S. W.
Ciloomv
12
E. N. E.
Snowing
13
Calm.
Very clear
14
W.
Do. do.
15
W. S. W.
Snowing
16
S. W. by W.
Gloomy
* —These lines indicate the mercury being so many degrees below Zero.
During the summer months there is a great deal of
electric fluid in the atmosphere, and the vividness of
the lightning and loudness of the thunder are some-
times appalling in the extreme. As a general rule it
may be observed that the prevailing winds (viz. N.E.,
N. W. and S. W.) have considerable influence on the
temperature of the atmosphere and state of the wea-
ther. The S. W. (the most prevalent) is generally
moderate and accompanied by clear skies, — the N. E.
and E bring continued rain in summer and snow in
winter, — the N. W. is dry, cold and elastic, owing to
the ice-bound region it springs from. Winds from
due N., S. orW. are not frequent, and the direction of
the tide (which is felt for nearly 60 miles above Que-
bec) often causes a change in the atmospheric current.
[See " Colonial Library," vol. I.— 2nd Edn.J
VI. Canada, as well as the other portions of the
American continent, was comparatively densely j)eopk'd
by a dark race, termed Indians, when first discovered
by Europeans ; and as colonization extended, the
coloured population perished before the civilization of
the whites.
The earliest European census of Lower Canada was
in 1622, when Quebec, then a small village, did not
contain more than 50 persons. A general capitation
took place in 1676, since which the increase, accord-
ing to Charlevoix, La I'otheraye, and public docu-
ments, has been as follows : —
LOWER CANADA— POPII.ATION.
153
..f.:..H7 ; iHlfi.
t'ors ill July wiis
IHls tliL' cliiniiti
blu chmigt', imitly
/((• I'liU's uiui the
jn of tlie country,
il)le in the longtli-
Kjucnt sliorti'iiinn
• during the hciuhl
)iumond, Qucl)ic,
ill be yet furtlur
■ for January and
■ear of rather ic-
imls.
jon.
mod.
by E.
W. do,
fS.
byW.
W.
byE.
Weather.
Noon.
ly W.
Clear
Do.
l)o.
(;loomy
Snowinp
C'loudy
Stormy
Clear
Do.
Do.
Dim
(jloomy
Drizzling
(Jloomy
stormy
Dimly, clear
Clear
Do.
Cloudy
Clear
Do.
[)o.
Do.
Do.
Clearing
filoomy
Snowing
Very clear
Do. do.
Snowing
Gloomy
losphcric current.
\\d Edn.]
portions of the
' densely peopled
first discovered
extended, the
Ihe civilization of
Iwcr Canada was
1 village, did not
Ineral capitation
Increase, accord-
Id public docu-
a .
a .
a
a
a .
3 .
e .
■■> m
■"* 12
i8;fl
IAHH
«'!3
I TOO
1700
J* u
iru
ir.^y
ir«i
Ifl'J.'S
ih:ii
lifiilOl
"
(bono
^
"
811 .'i
IVH9
'MM
15000
;ir,ii
■20000
,1000
liUOl
:lsoi)(i
ll:iiiiin
IHOOO
IJIIDOII
j:i;«oo
511'ji;
a
'I'i
•1I!)I7
The progress of population (dividing males from
females), from 1822 to 18.T1 was, according to a Co-
lonial Office Return, as follows : —
The rapid increase observable of late years is evi-
dently ascribablo to emigration from Europe :
Years Males
Femalca
Total. BIrtIn*.
1
Marriages
DeutbK.
Wii IHfififi.l
IHL'O llH.'illH
lH'.iS , -JO 111).'.
IK'j<) ^1 11:11
WM) aiijjod
iHiu -jji'iyj
irrnfl-i
aii7iii(i
•.!'jri>;io
•JlO'.'Wi
2i.'iii:i()
airuiio
llftl.Wfl
;i!):i5ii4
4.')i;),i:i
4t>IS.I(i
.■.;iU«i'.>2
inoiis
■jji.ii
■J61I0
l-.j-.i
;i5:iti
4105
4.!!l9
uoyi
Comparative Statement of the Number of Emigrants arrived at Quebec since the Year 1h2'.', inclusive.
WIIKUE I'ROM.
1820.
1830.
1831.
1832.
18:i3.
1834.
183.'..
I8:i6.
England and Wales . .
35f>.'j
G799
10343
17481
5198
r.799
30f.7
12188
Ireland
9fil4
18300
34133
28204
12013
1920f)
7108
12590
Scotland
2C43
2450
5354
5500
4190
4.591
2127
2224
Hamburgh and Gibraltar
. .
. .
15
Nova Scotia, Newfound-
1
land, West Indies,
\ 123
451
424
54(5
345
339
225
235
France, &c.
J
Havre de Grace . . .
••
•■
••
485
1.5945
28000
50254
5174G
21752
30935
12527
27722
Grand Total, 238,881. — For other returns, see Appendix.
Rate of Increase in the General Population of Lower Canada, from 17(i0 to 1810, inclusive.
Increase.
('.5,000
113,000
450,000
511,917
600,000
In 17C0, the population of the undivided province was . ■ . .
In 1784, Ditto
In 1825, the populatioii of Lower Canada, by a corrected census, shv
In 1831, the po))ulation of Lower Canada, by a census of this year, was .
In 1830, the population of Lower Canada, supposed to be . . .
Increase in six years, from 1825 to 1831, of Lower Canada
Increase in five years, from 1831 to 18:1C, of Lower Canada
General rate, from 1825 to 1830, of Lower Canada, 11 years .
Average increase from 1700 to 1784, of Lower Canada, per ann'im
Average increase from 1784 to 1825, of Lower Canada, per aiiauin
Average increase from 1825 to 1831, of Lower Canada, per annum
Average increase from 1831 to 1830, of Lower Canada, jicr i.r;nuin
In a general view, the French and French-descended popula' . i -ire estimated at 400,000 ; and the British
and British-descended, at 200,000; the latter, however, are rap'. ,)• ■..icrcasing by births and immigration.
The last complete census of the Colony was in 1831, but the biri is, marriages, and deaths of the districts
of Quebec, Montreal, and Three Rivers, have been returned to the Colonial OBlce thus : — [See B. B. Lowtr
Cadada, 1830.]
48,000
337,000
61,917
89,581
13 per cent.
17 2-5ths.
33i
2,000
8,219
10,319
17,816
Years.
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
District of Quebec
Containing 13 Counties.
Births.
Mrrgs.
Deaths
8133
1029
5023
8459
1071
7047
8042
1001
3833
8507
1487
•5282
8671
1036
3118
1700
1447
5002
Incrs.
3110
1412
4809
3225
5553
3704
District of Montreal
Containing 19 Counties.
Births.
14217
13195
13721
14181
14591
75031
Mrrgs.
Deaths
2,'', 9 2
6514
2501!
13718
2043
5930
2487
9118
2*.30
5506
2386
5561
Incrs.
7703
7785
5003
9025
9470
District of Three Rivers
Containing 5 Counties.
Births.
2740
2779
2884
2988
3014
3068
Mrrgs.
Deaths
517
1195
543
1338
547
1024
514
1303
485
929
461
1231
Incrs.
1545
1441
1860
1085
2085
1837
Cholera caused great destruction of life during several of the preceeding years.
I
i:»
I.OWIH CANADA.— POl'UI.ATION.
I'ofUl.ATION CfNHUH or TIIR
COINTIBS,
yUKBKC MsTRIir,
Hcaiici'}
B('llorlia<isej
llorchestei (
Uletl
Kamniiraska^
l.iittiinicrrs
Mi'if antic}
Monfraiirt'iicit ..
Orlenrist
Portncuft
Qiiebpct
Klmouski 5
Saguenoyt
Total . .
MOVTItHAL.
Aca(Uc(
Bcaiiharnnis (,. ..
Bcrthicr t
Ch^mlily}
La Clienayet ....
La-Prairic §
L'As.somption t . .
Missisqni}
Montreal t
Ottawa!
Richelieu i
Rouvillc }
St. Hyacinthe i ..
Shefford i
Terrebonne + . . . .
Two Mountainst .
Vandreuilt
VercherpnJ
StanstcaU §
Total ....
THREE niVKns.
Chamjilaint
Diiiminond}
NlciiletS
St. iMauricet
SlierbroolteJ
Yanuska J
Total . . . .
fiASPK.
KopavcntineJ
(ja>iR', 5 iKic
Total ....
SlIMMARV OK
I.OWKH CA.SADA.
Miintreul
Quebec
'Jliree Kivcr.>>
Ciiisjie
Total . . . .
e
\0K
irr.i
311 It
TM
I4(i.->
raiiti
fi!)
HdIO
IIL'III
Krtlll
r.')(iiio
127949
21,111
•M ir,
191:1
I9VJ
'.ill 10
I4lil
:.:)«
Slid
1916
4911
M2I
I5;;l
t
c
22931
250
-i;
8110
211
299
2;iH
SIIOH^
3t)0{
1971
31lili9|
:i7:i
•1-29
477
719
3169
1086
;)30
198
632
.^4802
7S3
1674
4S7
9810
27Hfi
28:1
1946
31(il
3HI.'i
24 S6
1712
29OH
1993
1412
6204
2H(i6
29 18
2,'>42
8.04
3049
38.59
2149
IS8H
1726
20:19
I7li.i
lf>9!l
12(1:1
1 .'^11 1
1:16.1
2911
451
397
1790
3211
1 l.'>(i
1721.'.
1410
2298
27I8
1480
1261
2145
1549
925
2331
562
19rt6
2143
2067
562
2360
2603
1628
1219
825
48323 32.')72
1084
591
iy»4
295.-)
9i:9
17116
15823; 9379
410H
3281
7389
939
b6.->
IhOl
51802! 18323
1279I9;229:I1
l.'ihJ;! 9379
7389 1804
205963 82437
1037
379
1913
2248
684
1392
70:.3
776
500
1276
32572
17215
7653
1276
58716
•c i?
ir,
312
298
312
1)87
514
102
84
93
29tt
152
3314
211
8129
535
713
1043
97<'
4,56
878
657
502
4707
214
880
775
565
294
678
1267
602
649
879
17270
89
323
179
557
411
371
1930
iCr.i
29;)
458
17270
6429
1930
458
26O87
a
o
■0
a
a.
8689
12920
10:163
10125
12612
60<I8
201
3517
41122
10636
28683
7400
7783
123052
9032
14851
15935
15000
8544
192.59
11213
6951
37085
1496
15896
13928
11781
2294
15597
16700
11144
11573
7O88
245367
58pi
13-'5
11776
15679
4703
8355
47729
4317
2108
642;
245:)67
123052
47729
(il
422573
11900
l:i529
119lfi
13518
14557
9151
2283
3743
4:149
12350
3617
10061
8385
151985
11419
168.
20225
15IH3
9161
18497
12767
8801
43773
4786
16149
18115
15366
5087
16623
20905
13111
12319
10306
290050
6991
3566
12504
16909
7104
9496
56570
8:io<i
50113
13:U2
290050
I .'1 1985
J6570
I:i3l2
511917
1488
1313
2129
1223
2733
1824
415
577
675
2208
5984
1510
22079
2660
1H:I3
4297
22:)3
1160
229J
1214
1534
3806
758
3489
2211
3367
530
3169
4609
1453
2190
1968
44771
M A L K S .
a
9
•a
3
>
1573
1621
297
1689
3763
2161
528
819
807
2700
7128
1078
26838
3012
2168
4996
2431
1560
1 1 and
uiiilir
18.
128
2562, 17
1,586
2104
4222
510
4089
2257
3856
631
3296
4565
1720
3288
2684
51537
127:1
39:1
2538
2578
1:194
1971
10145
815
919
1734
1610
443
3175
3253
I6O8
2301
!2390
894
1045
1939
14771 51537
22079 26838
10145
1734
12390
19:19
78729 92704
210
29
401
to
.a
CO
369
569
538
S08
700
378
99
167
170
641
1502
362
6003
437
699
917
721
602
922
541
401
1610
24
661
759
653
i:i9
775
871
563
55
428
12397
32:
115
494
8O6
332
464
2536
372
389
761
12397
600:1
2536
761
2l6!)7
18 and
uniUr
21.
248
473
101
907
337
:i6o
325
348
359
27*
66
103
98
343
1029
283
3925
198
356
500
491
238
416
322
248
1311
213
277
360
313
158
386
465
327
382
177
7166
188
115
390
430
179
201
1503
301
407
708
7166
3925
1503
708
13302
21 and
under
30.
482
3U11
394
378
5:11
300
76
102
110
272
1264
404
4673
384
646
604
439
3o:t
6«6
360
331
1556
212
590
788
476
190
551
678
428
376
355
9913
194
144
358
480
200
307
683
140
165
305
9913
4673
1683
305
16574
405
451
4 1:1
4:15
416
276
141
183
140
435
1421
241
4990
245
577
387
571
254
537
374
452
2231
596
289
541
303
176
422
565
.391
442
412
97fi5
281
150
460
460
263
203
I8I;
257
449
7O6
9765
4990
I8I7
706
30 and
under
60.
a
S
80 and
upwards.
13
■E
1:176
1121
1315
1 tj:i
1165
1107
273
400
161
1312
4426
1089
16788
1370
1938
632
1788
1006
2037
1302
907
4H18
436
1789
1911
1721
593
1979
2628
1385
1289
1114
no
150
107
165
105
81
45
47
51
180
60fi
66
30621
755
376
1768
2045
813
1039
8794
387
458
845
17278
30821
18768
6794
845
S4028
llfl
263
206
195
119
231
156
132
978
358
131
127
152
51
132
236
152
87
87
3909
93
54
104
140
79
78
548
148
114
280
3909
1696
548
260
299
4HN
30J
462
3:i8
238
28
118
14
415
563
243
3498
IH
76
10
7
1
15
129
354
174
307
376
418
288
44;
287
180
707
32
332
373
271
81
480
447
288
343
185
6994
32
73
154
19
29
<)8
100
46
308
10
97
45
83
10
52
70
69
20
32
1347
245
42
391
556
no
224
1568
9;
86
II
II
14
32
8
44
120
156
23
183
179
5994
3498
1568
183
1317
354
120
179
6413 11213
2000
i Thus marked are on tlic S. side of the river St. Lawrence.
+ Thus marked aie on tlie N. side of tlie tiver St. Lawrence.
I.OWF.R CANADA.— POPULATION.
I.V.
I'UOVI.NCK (II f.((WKH ('A.NM)A IN KU .
16413 11243 20011
FEMALES.
1
',^
a
h
i
a
1
•
i
\
It
■c
ca
L
+;
%
1
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Q
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a
S
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a
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ja
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s
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t
a
n
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1 =
4
-a
B
a
a
1
9
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(A
C
■/)
1
3
i
3
o
1
Four
ni
umU'
1
s
s
(ceil
(1
r4,5.
v
■Jo
a
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Forty
HII
upsvi
i
- 11 vr
iriN
%)
"Si
5
a
3 n
IS
28
3R33
\(\yi
913
551
BO
/
11
18
395
9-'
12113
1972
2
785
•nM
1477
I.VI7
9t'>
102
20
10
47
4
13526
11
18113
301)
35
269
12
1
SI 17
1 l.'rj
IHiH
692
35
5
11
21
183
13
11747
3
13
115
i(Hi
1338
1.586
837
91
24
12
76
15
18
134HI
1
369
360
211
M!
I
I7<I4
1530
742
65
4
A
26
32
10
14514
1
16511
45
43
13
21
llfl-i
853
4.->8
37
3
22
312
81
87.12
21
25
6
1269
7(i
5
3
10!)
1
4
41»
328
3S,^
19'i
Ml
61
25,)
48
3
1
6
952
459
313
3712
231
1H6
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36
367
321
59
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6
1357
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39 J
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511
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2377
I7116
1137
79"
110
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365
33
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371
23
21
615
7
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.•)Oli(i
I3I.I
472
31
28
53
5580
2181
27872
337
163
14
3
23
830
291
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79
6012
32
3H
2."ilH
1312
838
507
57
6
5
26
20
8365
19.33
14
3
lilfi/U
1801J
I6OII8
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7207
1107
114
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354
7858
2887
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59 1
437
91
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I.VI7
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901
230
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1551
2627
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467
2160
196
465
2520
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31
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1331
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305
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330
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311
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) 39
1070!
7421
5371
265:
361
33| 34
108
2724
49s
ij 4778(
37(
) 33.=
19(
H
)43H8 9661
4-'t
48(
) 7
1 4'i
\A
29
97f
1171
433
575
4.-
/
208f
149
}. 6684
1
1 3t
181 461
) 331
1
) 1
1 11.
836.'><
6494 1
48413
2233.-
527*'
408
334
924
3462(1
1506
M0347!;
701!
)781
246
10
■557
I
7'5082
1
;(ii)-
' 25(1
1
1 128
1
2 21,59
1 31
J 1 199
* will) have ariivcd by sea, since 1st May, 1825.
t Wlio liavc anivcil hy any oilier way Ihan I'y .sea, since 1st May,
; Wlio liuvc arrived since 1st May, 1S25.
B>i ^!^
l»6
LOWER CANADA.— roinn
VII. TliP prrvnilirig, or most niimrricnl cn'iil in i
Lower C'ntimla, is tin- Itoiimii Catliolic I'nitli, tiir
clcrny of which aro iMhinited in Cimudn, nn<l Iiiim' no
connexion witli the I'dpe ; thiy lire not [iiiiil by t;'i-
vt'rntnt'iit, hnt hiivc for llirir support the JiUh |iml of
all the );riiin rniscd on tlie Innih of ('iiihoii('<i, Ihiy
and potiifi.es are t'\empted from tiie chiirne, iind if
the ('atholi(; turn i'rnteHtiint, or mII \\h himls to a
I'rnlestant, the estate is noh)n;;er sdijeet to this mo-
derate tythe. 'I'lie ehiui'h is (lovcrni d hy a lloniish
liisiiop (a Canadian horn and ('(hiciiled >, who receives,
in addition to the rent of some lands of htth' vahle,
the sum of 1,00(1/. |ier annum from (Srent Britain,
wlueh is tiio only charge for the Catholic Church es-
tahlishment. The income of the Cnren, whose num-
bers arc about I'OO, average MOO/, per annum, hy
which they are enabled to live respectably, nnil even
hospitably. In aid of the bishop or prinuile, there
arc two coadjutors or titular bisiiops, and four vieais
general, and there arc upwards of L'DO vicaries, cur^s,
&c. Several religious communities, exists, viz. the
Hntfl Dii'ii dt> Mnnticdl, fo\nided in lOfil, and con-
taininp; 37 fi'lisieusi'n jinifrssrs ; thr ('ninrri'iciilinn dr
Ni'ilre Dame ti Munt real (in lf'p,')0), with HI pni/i-s.sM;
the Hiipital u't'iifntl dc Mmitrml (l/.IS), witli L"J i<n>-
fpssi's ; the Hi'itrl Pifii di* Qiii'hir (founiU'd in iri37,
" pour les pauvres Maladcs"), with 3 I rclinifiisi'ii luo-
fessci ; the Cisiilincs de Qiirher, with Gti iiro/f.inr.i ;
the Hi'ijiitiil fSfnend di' Qiieher (IfiQ.')), with r)0 yro-
fesscn ; and the Umuliiifs itrs Inii.i ririi'ri'.H (founded
in 1677, " i)o\ir rinstruction ct pour les pauvres Ma-
lades"), with 34 pro/esses: nil these establishments
have Hori'cM and jiost'ilants.
The Church of Kii^;land establishment coniiists of a
bishop (of Quebec) and 40 clergymen ; the I'resbytc-
rians of the Churcli of Scotland are about M in num-
ber, and there are 12 Wcsleyan ministers.
The ecclesiastical charges, voted in the imrliamcn-
tary estimates for the term from 1st April IHSl.t"
31st March 183.'), are, bishop of Quebec's salary
3000/. ; archdeacon ditto, ."iOO/. ; rector ditto 400/,,
and house-rent, 90/.; ndnister of Trinity Chapel,
Quebec, 200/ ; Montreal rector, 300/. ; Three Rivers,
ditto, 200/.; William Henry ditto, L'.O/. ; Durham
ditto, 100/.; Chatham ditto, 100/.; Caldwell manor
ditto, 100/.; St. Armand, ditto, 100/.; Kvening lec-
tures at Quebec, 100/.; Verger of ditto, 150/.; Que-
bec Presbyterian minister, 50/. ; Montreal ditto, 50/ ;
Argcnteuil ditto, 100/.; Roman Catholic bishops of
Quebec, 1000/. In addition to the foregoing, there
is a charge of 4,000/. to the Society for the Proi)aga-
tion of the Gospel in all our North American pro-
vinces, making a total of lO.fi'JO/.
The number of churclies in Lower Canada is about
thirty. Onu-.iiTcnth of the whole of the Ir.mls in the
townships, is set apart as a provision for the Protest-
ant Church.
VII I. A Committee of the Canadian House of As-
sembly, thus reports on the subject of education in
1832:—
" In 1830, there were 981 schools; in I'-i.tl, 121(5 ;
teachers in 1830, 947; in 1831, 1305; scholars in
1830,41,791; in 1831, 45,203. [In 1829, the total
number of children reported as receiving elementary
education, was only 18,410, of which 3,675 were un-
der the Royal Institution.]
The number of scholars taught gratuitously, has
increased from 21,622, to 23,805. Those who jiay,
fi'^-n 16,591 to 18,016.
'1 he whole amount of expenses for elementary
school?, ])aid out of the public chrst, in 1830, was
,ATION AND RF.LIfilON.
about 20,000/.; in |H3l,itwill br about 36,000/.,
giving an average for each scholar in 1830, of Hu.ld.;
in 183 1, of II«. 2./.
'I he proportion which the number of children, rr.
reiving instruction, bears to the whole populiiiion, is
about (Uie in twelve throughout the province, instead
of one In four, the proportion in the adjoining stiilr
of New York. The counties of Montnioreney, Slim,
stead, Sherlir loke, and l.otbinifre, are the only coun-
ties out of forty-one where neai ly all the ehildim, of
a Ht age to attend school, are receiving a school eilii-
catitui. In sinne counties only one cluhl in twelve,
and one in ten, are at school. The average through-
out the |)ruvincc, of the children at school ia one out
of three.
Voiir Committee has observed with satisfaction,
that, out of the whole nund)er of schools, viz. : —
1216, 142 (chiclly in the towns of Montreal, (iueb.c.
Three Rivers, and I.aprairie), have 6,281 scholars,
who pay for their education, or receive it in convents,
or at a low rate in institutions which derive no sup-
port fiom the public numey. In (Juebec tlieie are
no less than 2,525 scholars at elementary schools,
and whose parents pay for their education and en-
tirely support forty-cme schools, at a rate of payment
from Is. to 2.1. 6(i. per month."
The money paid towards public schools l)y the
House of Assembly was, in 1829, 6,439/.; 1^30,
1H,0M8/. ; 1831,17,317/.; 1832,23.324/.; makingin
four years 65,168/ .sterling, or 72,409/. currency, dis-
tributed through upwards of 2,000 schools annually.
The lands granted to the Jesuits by the old French
government, and which fell into the Crown on the
demise of the last of the Jesuits, in 1800, have been
granted by the 'government for purposes of edu-
cation.
Ri'tiun of the InstitiitUmsftir the hislruction of Voiilh
in f.oivcr Cnn id'i. [Canadian Commissioners Report,
1836.J — PiioTKsTANT. 1 . Royal Grammat School, (Que-
bec ; 200/. a year, and 90/. a year school-house rent,
from Jesuits' estates. Twenty free scholars, 1 1 pay
for their tuition ; all day-scholars. Terms, under 12,
8/., above 12 and under 13, 10/. per an., above 13,
12/. per. an. French and F^nglish taught ; course of
instruction as in the grammar schools in the United
Kingdom.
2. Royal tirammar School, Montreal ; 200/ a year,
and 54/. a year school- house rent, from Jesuits' es-
tates. Twenty free scholars admitted, 15 scholars
pay for their education ; all day scholars. Terms, high-
est 10/., lowest 8/. per an.; instruction as in gram-
mar-school at Quebec ; and this school is in posses-
sion of an extensive apparatus for experiments in
natural philosophy.
3. Seminary at Chambly; contributions of students;
a private institution lately established under the patro-
nage of the Lord Bishop of Quebec. Board and tui-
tion according to age of student, 40/., 50/. and 75/. per
an. ; day-scboiars, 15/. and 2(1/. per an. There arc 17
boarders and 9 day-sholars. Those who pay 75/. |)tr
an. are young men studying for holy orders, and others
finishing their education.
Catholic. — 1. Seminary of Quebec; no revenues
specifically nppro])riated to the purposes of education,
but possessed of several estates. Value, made many
years ago, computed at 1,249'. a year, besides large
contributions in grain, and the lods et vcntijs on mu-
tations of properly, which amount to a considerable
s\Mn. Attended by 188 students; the terms for tuition
and board, 17'. lO.v. per an. ; for tuition only, I/, per
an. I'oor children instructed gratis. Tbcseminaiy
' about aCi.dOO/.,
ih;ii),oi' Kh.i,/.;
r of ehililri'K, re-
>le |ii)|iiili>t|i)ii, u
|iri)viiu'(', inxlt'iiil
I- lldjltjllill^ stlltl:
ifiiiiiri'iicy, Stnii.
II' the (iiily j'oim-
II tll(> I'llilllli'M, llf
up a schoiil I'llii.
clilld ill twelve,
uveriim' tlircnii,'li-
Bchuul Is unu uiit
no revenues
Is of education,
|c, made many
besides large
|/eiites on ii\m-
eoiisideralilo
|nis for tuition
only, 1/. per
ri'hc seminary
LOWKR CANADA.— EDUCATION.
of Qupbrc wan orectrd by lettfn patent of the French
Crown, dated In April \f.M.
■2. SeTi\in»ry at Montreal ; in poHiiei>»lon of estate*
viilueil ninny years »t!o at about L'.OOO/. r year, besides
Inrne eontributions in tjniin, and lods et ventes on mu-
tations of property, wliieli in the seinuiory of Mon-
treal, comprelu;iidinK tlie whole of the town, must
ninount to a larne sum. Attended by l-Mld students ;
terms for board and tuitiim per an. 21/., lor tuition
(iiily, !'• I'"'*. Instruction as at the seminary ol (Que-
bec. The ecclesiastics of St. Sulpiee, at I'uris, were
authorized to establish a seminary at Montreal, and
allowed to hold the Island of Montreal in Mortmain,
by letters patent of the French Crown, dated In May
I (".7 7.
;». Seminary nt Nicolet ; supported prineipnily by
private contributions. The number of students, or
the price paid for tuition, not known.
■\. Seminary at St. Ilyaeinthe; as No. 3.
.'>. Seminary at (bambly ; as No. H.
t>. College of St. Ann ; as No. \\.
Numbers -I, .^ and tl, receive Legislative (irants.
(ieiii'ral Slatemi'nt of F.cIiicuIIdii In the Pnivlnct' of l.iuvir Ciuiailii, niiidf from ihc Ki'tiiriiii trntiKinlllcd to the lloiite of
Ainciiilily by tliu Vliltort naiiii'U In vlrliiv iif llie Act l»l NMIIUni IV. cliu|itri 7.
vith satisfaction,
schools, viz. :—
Number of Scliolari.
No.
Icac
of
li'lii
a
a
at
— I
i
lontreal, (jueliec.
i
f« _:
1
w
Si=
a
a
• (i.u'Hl scholar!,
ve it in convents,
h derive no sup-
C011NTIK8.
i
1
e
Present at the
VUlt.
I'aylna
5.V. l<> 7«
per Mo
from
. t\,l.
iiili.
J3
9
a
5 =
e «
Z'S
eS
Sia
^ n a.
(Juebec there are
.1
mentary schools,
lucntion and eii-
i rate of payment
1
a
a
1
i
3
i
.11
5
1
s
V
i
3
a
0.
3 ■2-3
1
<3
schools by tlip
Ildiiaveiiiiiri . . ..
7
203
20
08
02
120
__
130
73
5
2
8301)
233
40
, f.,439/. ; iH.lo,
;V24/. ; makiiiKin
(jil^jK-*
4
—
—
>-
—
—
—
—
—
4
—
50113
208
1
Itliiioiinkl
1H
Ih))
30
420
333
773
1,17
73
210
,305
13
I
10001
303
13
KiiiiMiiiraska.. ..
.'to
1231
32
MSI)
010
Vili
118
111)
217
1038
21
17
14557
428
12
53
1
)'J/. currency, <lis-
I.'li.lcl
27
m*
30
on
540
1100
20)i
10,5
401
70(1
18
13518
310
13
1
chools annunllv.
Hi'llrclianHV
34
1(112
30
HI2
1)11
1733
03
123
218
1335
28
2d
13321)
270
8
ly the old Fnneli
c Crown on the
Diiiclivster
•V
HD'i
20
480
380
8(1(1
131
07
231
)t35
13
12
III) III
308
15
,
Hc'iiiite
n
i>i
24
207
3'2)l
333
•20
02
88
413
12
10
II 1100
177
22
10
20
Mriiiihtic
4
1114
20
38
S2
110
8
8
10
1)4
4
—
2283
134
22
» 1800, have been
Loliilnicre
8H
1(M17
20
714
833
l.')07
1-22
03
817
14,50
3)1
21
0101
nil
5
urposes of edu-
18
lOiM
dill
40
30
out
3'2I)
370
373
1001
701
313
))2
140
10
453
78
811
)I2II
Id
10
12
8
12504
011)0
227
310
11
14
215
,37
Yainaska
Driiiiiiiiiind
K
312
31
133
177
332
21
20
50
382
8
2
35(10
178
10
slruction of ] outli
.Shfilininke
50
1270
20
—
—
1333
—
—
—
—
—
41)
7 101
03
5
lissioners Report,
unni School, (iue-
Nluii»ti'd
UU
1II7II
W
—
—
DIIIO
—
—
—
—
—
00
lO.KKi
10)1
3
Mlsi-lvkoui
at
1211
22
528
))00
r«7
4,58
)i30
1088
130
10
40
8801
10!
7
40
04
.Shdlnid
21
aiw
22
233
28)1
541
187
21)1
403
138
2
24
,5087
212
8
S
5
:hool-house rent.
KIclielli'ii
17
723
42
411)
303
7'22
148
IM)
244
478
10
T
Kill!)
538
10
1
scholars, 1 1 pay
Terms, under 12,
ir an., above 13,
Boiiii! iW Sorel..
4
llli
21)
no
rw
244
)I0
8
)I8
100
3
2
—
St. Ilyaclnlhe. ..
3
133)1
3fl
038
)iOI
1022
473
302
775
847
21
13
15,300
405
II
Roiiville
4(
I70U
38
1141
WW
2344
422
307
781)
1553
22
2^1
18113
403
10
Verclicres
13
000
40
201
11)4
435
127
81
208
2111
9
4
1-2311
013
20
If
uii^lit; course of
Cliainbly
22
H44
40
382
247
021)
174
107
281
im
18
5
1548;
41)0
18
20
)ls in the United
Lapuiliit'
2H
U71
34
310
402
1002
270
2.34
520
482
23
8
1841)7
Old
19
148
131
T
I,'Aca(lle
3\
1134
37
050
5311
■ ■20!)
231
188
410
700
18
13
II4II
431
10
40
55
Beaiiliiirndls.. ..
41
1314
37
087
502
ma
,501
43)
037
342
33
7
10851
330
11
57
M
al ; 200/ a year.
Valid reull
12
2110
21
11)7
131
328
IIU
80
208
120
11
1
13111
309
50
15
.1
,,
rom Jesuits' es-
Oiiliiiiiiais
U
211
27
00
UO
1 80
00
l)(
180
—
3
478)
232
20
3
;ed, la scholars
Di'iix Muiila[;iie>
37
1332
3H
03(1
541
1174
300
225
531
1 04(
2;
II
2090,'
480
15
Terri'boiiiic
IS
uno
32
300
400
000
1)10
140
300
fiOO
IC
;
l,5d'i3
831
U
32
33
•s. Fernis, liigh-
LiicluMiaii!
IH
030
30
315
272
587
153
112
205
321
13
5
0401
430
14
m as ui grain-
L'Assonipllon...
27
881)
33
403
404
81)7
105
111
300
Sl)l
14
13
12707
351
14
18
22
1
3ol is in ])osscs-
Moiilri'ul,Cltt'..
5
3840
m
181).]
20I)S
391)2
l'Z45
174;
280J
1007
4!i
5)
27207
—
800
1000
Do. CoiiiU'
21
701
33
4)14
400
031
142
147
383
000
H
7
1047(1
—
23
;■)
experiments in
Bcrlliler
37
13,32
30
030
544
1174
300
225
531
)I43
27
11
2022.'
412
15
25
27
St. Maurice
41
1703
30
047
052
181)0
303
403
820
1073
20
2;
lOOflC
4)10
10
148
482
'
Dns of students;
Clmiii|ilaiii
27
82U
30
401)
451
800
25
11
30
8'24
12
13
0091
249
8
■
lUder thepatro-
Fortni'ul
8,
17'2«
32
0(12
71)^
173)
180
14(
3-it
14,30
3J
11
12,35(
280
7
22
3
Qiii'hcc, Cite
41
3413
01)
1081
1803
354!)
1018
1,35)
2574
073
38
SU
27,50'J
—
8
9^0
1005
Hoard and tui-
Uo, Cmnlt'..
IH
023
33
413
430
810
120
131
257
302
13
<i
8011
330
13
22
,1
0/. and 7.')(. per
. There are 1 7
10 pay 7''/. i)ir
ler.s, and others
Mcintiiioreiicy. ..
23
773
38
508
4)J(>
074
153
97
230
7,54
13
IC
374;
220
5
54
!l
Saauciiay
4
237
.^1)
1-23
01
211
4(1
31)
85
I '20
A
1
838,'
390
33
4S
Oileans
U
241
20
205
141
334
113
38
133
212
4
4
434!
434
18
7
4
I
1
■
121()
43709
1403
21013
20507
45203
0015
0001
18033
2380,5
070
1 035
51I9IC
2505
3)H0
The following abstract of the New School Act may
be considered useful for imitation in our other colo-
nics, or even in the mother country :
" For one elementary school In a central situation in each
district, the present act g;rants 20/. per aiinuin ; and for one
separate school for girls in every si^hool district in the
Roman Catholic parishes or mlssioiis, where there is a
chiirch or ohapcl, at the rate of 20/. per aMniuii, provided
•lint such girl's schools be open for tuition to ail the female
children of the parish or mission at the same rate as other
scho Is. An ndditioiial lOs.for each school district allowed
to the "sohool visitors, for prizes so distributed among; the
scholar^. of the pirl's school in the Catholic parishes. The
superiors and protes.sors of colleges and academics, and the
presidents of education societies now existing, may act as
visitors of schools. Any three school visitors may extend
the age (above 15 years) at which pupils may be admitted
and made part of the number required by law to give a
riyht to sueh allowance, according to the population of the
county, parish, or township, on making an entry thereof in
IftS
LOWER CANADA — F.DUCATION.
the minuto book of the schonl, anil thoy may aUu ultor tlip
school hoiirii, iinilur iicciillar clmimiitaiicrH, on ninkinK a
llko entry. KrtiirnM of xchmilH hereafter to ho niatlu ii|< on
the l.'^th May anil inth Noveni^'or, unil paymenlN nmile itt
thoKc tlini'!). If the visitors liml it miIuhiI kept Aniiii tiilf
from Hei'onil Momlny in Aiiifiist 'n any illstrlet, wlileli
would have heen entitled to an allownnee, if the meelliiK:"!
tlie lnlial)ltiuits liiiil liiken pliii"', and triisteen elerleil iic-
cordlntr ti> law, tliey nie luilliorised to Kriint the iillowaree
fur the time In wlileli it Ims been kept liy an entry In tlie
Helioid minute hook. II llie visitor'* lliid n m-hool /I'lmi fi Ir
held In any seliool ilUtrlet iliiit not Iheret^iilaily estii'ilUhed
(lUiriet seliool) for more tlmii tlilrty.llve leurnlar piipiN,
tliey may eertlty the Hiinie hy iin entry in the Helioid minute
book ottlie illstrlet, nnil iiieluile the muster in their return,
who iihall become entitled to the allowaiiee, provldeil tliiit
the number of schools recommcniled in the retnrnii iluis
not exceed the niiinber Nxed for sneh cininty by tbis net.
rlie visitorH are mithorlsed to iiu^ment the niimher of punr
chllilren wlioin the trustees may iiliiec in each sehonl fr.im
ten to lllteen by nn entry In the minute liook, piovlded tliut
twenty ri'Kulnrly iitteiidinic iinil imylni; pupils lue iit such
scliiiol. The visitors may also ills'n'iise with the condltiim
which rei|uires that no pour eliild can he ailuiilted ^'ni/n,
unless there is one of the sniue family altciidlntr the sriio.il
anil piild fur. M tlic visllor tliiil In any kcIiooI a learlur
ipialilled to tearli, iinil urtuiUly teachini; Imlli Kreiiih aiiil
l''iii;lish, on niaklo^ an entry thereof In tliemliiule limik,
sneli teacher shall lie entitled to 41. per annual. In Kihlili.ia
111 the '.'11/ already icranted, I'opIcK ol this act to lie sent t i
the nieinhi Ts lor the eoiiiily, lor each sehonl distrlel, ami «
suHiiient iiuniluT of the returns reiiuircd by the law."
NiimhiT of KU'iiicntnry Schooi.s in onch County, iiuinbcr of Schoiiirs tmight, iiinoiint paid for tlii.' stippoi t uf
such Schools, anil otiu'r piuticiihiis rclatiiif; to the Province of l.owi-r Ciuindn, to 15th Novcinhcr, I83,'i.
[n. B. No return for lH;jii.]
No.
of Scholars in i
'och County.
Amovint pd.for
Biillillii!; ICIe-
)d. for
:of
:hools
such
excel
hoc.].
Counties.
O.ofEle
ary Sch
each Cr
inenty.
Schools
mount f
support
lemy. S<
Total.
Boy.s.
Ciirls.
Taupht
Paid
No. of
Anint.
ill
'A a
^intis.
for.
houses
paid.
< w
'^ir.Z
Donnvcnture
7
2.')7
1.'^.4
103
47
210
__
_^
i;7c.
I'll
Gnsjul ....
8
1(14
97
f.7
52
112
—
—
82
Rimousky ....
28
802
41.'-.
387
433
3f.9
—
—
280
17
Knniournska
37
iiori
,'■.93
513
(190
47(i
—
—
395
17
L'l.slct ....
22
(•.97
437
2r.o
44C.
251
—
—
239
12
ncllochnssc
42
124.''.
r.s.'i
5f.O
('.32
r.13
—
—
452
24
Dorchester ....
40
12H.S
Cil
f.29
f.77
coc.
—
—
400
18
Bcnucc ....
f.7
1813
893
920
1737
/(.
—
—
(•.59
;!3
Mrgnntic ....
18
47.-.
242
233
294
181
—
—
303
8
Lotbinicre ....
44
137!)
708
f.9l
398
981
1
£12
484
20
Nicolet ....
32
KllO
493
497
285
705
—
—
331
20
Druininond
20
,'iK'.)
293
29r.
2(12
329
o
72
m
5
Shcrbrooke
41
l.MO
700
810
374
1131'.
—
—
422
25
Stnnstrad ....
no
2003
947
105C.
321
If. 9 7
—
—
COO
31
Ynmoiiskn ....
20
•I 2 1".
288
238
202
324
—
—
229
13
St. Hyncintbo
30
!)H7
.'■.(•i7
420
274
708
—
325
15
Richelieu ....
24
721
389
332
:i9C.
425
—
—
271
11
Rouville ....
ru\
1831
928
903
719
1112
1
37
575
23
Shclford ....
2.')
84,')
419
42f.
252
593
1
48
287
12
Missisquoi ....
43
l.-ill
7ir.
795
171
1330
—
— .
437
21
Varcnnes ....
19
f.31
318
313
179
452
—
—
187
8
Chnmbly ....
28
HM
491
3f.9
300
5(;o
—
315
17
Laprnire ....
27
82f)
.'■.20
30C.
27r.
550
1
50
324
17
Acadie ....
21
7 If.
40.'^.
311
180
53 r.
2
4G
277
1.".
Benuhnrnois
(•4
22!»7
1279
1018
335
19f.2
,3
50
(.93
29
Montreal
—
—
—
—
—
...
9
Vaudrcuil ....
—
—
—
—
—
...
12
Ottawa ....
—
—
—
—
—
9
Two Mountains .
48
1 riCif'i
819
847
417
1249
1
20
48Ci
24
Terrebonne
l.--.
.1 93
38,1
208
249
344
—
—
179
11
Lachenaie ....
23
748
373
375
270
47M
—
—
2C.0
10
I/Assoniption
31
lO?."!
("31)
445
378
f.97
o
25
329
18
Bertbier ....
3!)
111.'-.
(•.3.'.
510
342
803
—
— .
437
24
St. Maurice
38
i2r.ri
(".13
I'll 3
378
878
—
—
419
IH
Chftinplttin ....
2f)
71;.
38,'^.
330
419
29fi
—
—
278
13
Portneuf ....
4.')
1427
810
f.l7
589
838
—
—
4 (12
22
Quebec ....
3.1
1132
589
543
533
579
—
—
355
11
Orleans ....
4
114
71
43
44
70
—
—
39
5
Montmorency
11
344
173
171
88
25f.
—
—
1 Cif.
5
Saguenay ....
17
(;3I
411
240
18r>
4f.5
3
130
221
;)
,f
l.OWKll CANADA.— KDIHATION.
IS9
cil In the rot\irnii ilocs
lU'h oiiiintjr liy tlil<i net.
lint tl»< immbiT of iMior
u'c III mcli Hfhool froiii
iito hi)i)k, luovldoil Unit
yiiiK imiilN iiic iit mirh
•list' wltli tin- i-iimllliiiii
III! lu' ailinltli-tl ^'i-(i/n,
lly nlti'iKllnir tin- si-lmni
I iiiiy Ncliiioi II ti'iuhir
•litiii; luilli I'ri'iu'h aihl
Mil III tlu' iiiiiiiiti- hunk,
|i>'r iiiiniiin, In iiililitinii
ol lllU lll'l til 111' slMlt I 1
•li srhiKil ilislrlrl, luul u
iiiii'il by tlir law,"
Kctvirn of the lunuhir ol' Si-liooU in l.uwer Canada in 1885.
•c
3
a
4-^ '
oi
Nttiiu> uf Purisli.
Quebec .
('npe Cove
I'ramptou
Miill)ay .
("ap Saiitc, No. 2.
Ditto No. 13.
Montreal
i.ucliine .
Kilkenny, No. 1.
Hiandon, No. 1.
Kililiire, No. 1.
Sliell'oid, No. 2.
llawiion, No. H.
.\r!;enteuil, No. I .
Ditto No. l.
(irenville, No. I.
St. Annnnd, No. '.i.
Ditto No. IL'.
Diiilmiu, Nil. I.
Ditto No ■').
Ditto No. lU.
Stanliridpe, No. .'>.
Stanstead, No. 'J.
Ditto No. :>;».
Natf ey, No. 1 . .
Ditto' No. 7. .
Ditto No. H. .
I'litton, No. 2.
Harnston, No. .1.
Ditto No. 10.
Three Rivers .
Katon, No. 3. .
Aseot, No. 8. .
Cdinpton, No. .'>.
Dniimnondville
I'ashebitio, No. 2.
Ditto No. 1.
No.ol'Sehohirs,
MnU
12 J
IH
:^
12
2Ci
2.1
ll'if'i
ID
2H
ID
12
3(;
17
:u
ID
2.1
12
2(i
17
23
24
•M\
'.)
It
2,'>
ll'i
IR
17
ID
IH
ir>
24
20
14
12
23
12
I'm.
103
10
ID
13
II
2"i
121
I'l
20
10
20
l.'l
7
32
17
18
2Ci
14
27
34
ID
"2
l.''i
ID
20
30
21
2"'
I.')
23
I.''.
17
II
Poll
>2,'')
28
24
2."i
10
I'M)
2."i
28
3D
22
.'■il'i
30
38
.'■il
40
30
.'■i2
31
45
.'■il
70
28
3(;
40
3')
38
47
40
40
31
44
4.'-.
37
27
40
23
1 • s.
.2 o g*
SO <"
fill
20
20
20
24
20
111
20
20
20
20
24
24
20
20
20
20
24
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
4.')
20
20
20
20
24
20
Remarks.
Some alterations have been reeently made for the
purpose of more e(puilly distrilmting the elementary
M'liools over the Province. The nuinlier of school
districts, in 1833, was —
lUmaventiiri-, 22; CJaspc, 14 ; Rimouski, 3.'i ; Ka-
liKiiiraska, 31 ; l,'lsU>f, 2.''> ; liellccliasse, ID; !>(»•-
clit'ster, 37 ; Heaiice, (i7 ; Mc};;uitic, 17; Lotliinicri",
■11 ; Nic(det,41 ; Ynm.iska, 27 ; Driimmoiid, 10 ; Sher-
bioiike, U\ ; Stanstead, ("12; Missiskoni, 18 ; Shellord,
•J.'i; Uicliehcn, 2D ; St. llyacinthe. 31 ; Uonville. 47 ;
Viicheres, 17 ; IMiainlily, K.'i; l.aprairie, 34 ; l.'Acadie,
,tO; iieaidiarnois, ,"iD ; Vaudrcuil, 24; Ottawa, ID;
Two Mniiiitaiiis, ID ; 'i'crrebonne, 23 ; I.achesiiiiye, 21 ;
l.'Assomplioi', ;!(".; Miintrcal, 18; llertbier, 18 ; St.
Mmirice, 3(i ; Champlain, 27 ; I'ortncuf, l,"i; (iiiehec,
'J3 ; Mimtmorency, ID; Sn;;ueii«y, ID; Orleans, 10.
Total, l,2D'i scliool districts.
'I'lu'rc are French colle|j;es alsn at (juebcc. Cluimbly,
Nii'iili't, and St. llyncinlhc; andtliere are many binli
I'luss piililic and privati' sehiuik^.
In several of the colleges there are profe»sor,ships
The mode uf iiistrnction in each school is urently
jnt the discrilion of the teacher, no purtieulnr being
enjoined by the Hoard of Rnyal Institution.
These schools are likewise partially supported by
jcontrihiitions from the parents and others, varying
aceordiiif; to circnmstanees.
The schools are under the siipcrinteiidance of the
" Hoard of Royal Institution for the advancement of
learning;," incorponued by the I'rovincial Act 41st
iCicorne III. cap. 17.; to this board the legislature
jnuikes an annual gran*. Kaeh teacher is bound to
iinstruct one third of the number of pupils gratui-
tously, anil in no ease to charge more than 3,s'. tii.
per mnntb.
The visitors may vary the rate according to the
umber of children in each family who attend school,
and tiie circumstimccs of the parents.
There are :ilso two grammar .scliools, one at (Juebcc
and another at Montreal, supported by an annual
•j;rant id' 200/. each, from the .lesuit Kstates Fund;
with DO/, and .Ml/, respectively lor house rent. These
are also under the superinteudanee of the Royiil
Institutions.
The system of instruction is that of the public
grammar schools in l'".n^;iand ; 2t'i free scholars nre
admitted in each of them. The rate of tuition for
others is 12/. per annum.
Tlierc arc also npwiirds of 1,000 si'hools established
under the I'rovincial Act Dtii Ocorge IV. cap. Id ; at-
tended by about ■l.''i,(iOO scholars, of lioth sexes. 20/.
are allowed to each teacher, having at least 20 scholars.
. bese scholars are under the direction of trustees,
annually elected by the inhabitants. No particular
system of tuition is followed, but the Lnncnstrian
is pursued in a few of them.
There are also several Roman C'atholic colleges in
the Province, and a number of private seiniiiurics for
the higher brunches of education.
of divinity, medicine, anatomy, philosophy, mathema-
tics, Sec, and the chairs are all ably tilled.
The tine arts are making no incoiisiderable progress.
The Museum of Natural History, of Montreal, is in-
creasing rapidly; and the Literary and Historical
Society, of (Quebec, is rising into notice; hopes are
entertained that, when the existence of these institu-
tions tire more f^eneruily known in l''.na;land, books,
tracts, and luanuscripts, iStc., will be sent from the
mother country. There are several public libraries :
one in (Quebec contains upwards of (i,000 volumes of
standard and valuable works, and the Montreal public
library is fast overtaking its elder brother of (Jucbce ;
and there arc the mechanic's institutions, school
societies, and agricultural associations, iScc.
Intimately coniiccteil with education is the state of
crime. The following is the latest return at the Co-
lonial t)llice. Hy comparing the returns with those
of Upper Canada, or an eipial amount of population
in another colony, the state of crime and morals may
in some degree he estinuitod.
160
ill
I '!
i] ill
m
ft"
'11
a
I
•smsaa
aao )Q ]|J!S
;0 'OJ.! )83)133JO
MBOA
aqi ut ssau
-HOjS jo sas«o
a
■a
0)
a
I ^
5 £
■psXnidius )ou sjjuosud
£ a
■Jiioqui I>JBH
dojaq )oil
)iiauii(0|(1ui3
•inoqBl pi«H
o
'A
•3(BUiaj
•aiBW
o
^A
•aiBtuaj
•aiBN
g g
•oiooia.i
•aiBK
o
•oiutuaj
•aiBW
o o
o ^
!< Q
•aiBiuaj
•ajew
LOWER CANADA.— CRIME AND GAOLS.
I I
„
1
1
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^
a
s
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^
.:<
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J4
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4> ...
^S«g«|sax,-?.s£
"S flj . C It2 k«'o
6P2
x3 a
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9 a.^ o
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S s.oao«o5 aja
u
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^ !- p o Q (5 to .
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1 c o.r"
•a
B
CD
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0) ^
l.-sS
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« *J T3
C a
g o o
£ c c.S
r°, SI?
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a>aocC5Dxoc»x.c
LOWER CANADA.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
161
n n tm n lo f n IT) t
C2S!ai2t-S2--=S!
dtSS<X>P39l7*h>2
Di«< of the Prisoners in the Oaol of Quebec. — One
pound and a half of the best brown bread per day,
with one quart of gruel, or two pounds of potatoes.
The weekly cost per head for each prisoner is about
2s. 2^(1. The sick receive whatever may be ordered
by the physician. Destitute prisoners are provided
with such clothes as are absolutely necessary, on an
approved estimate. The bedding consists of a straw
palliasse, one sheet, two blankets, and a rug. The
prisons are under the superintendence of the sheriff.
Number of Officers, and how appointed. — A gaoler,
a supcrintendant of works, and a matron appointed
by the sheriff, and two turnkeys appointed by the
goaler. The employment of the prisoners consists in
picking oakum, teazing hair, sawing and splitting fire-
wood, &c. The females sew, wash, knit, spin, card,
weave, &c. The hours of labour are from seven to
twelve and from one to six. Prisoners not for hard
labour are allowed the use of the airing-yard until
four, P.M., in summer. The amount of earnings are
credited to Government, and go towards the main-
tenance of the establishment.
The building is in a very dilapidated state, and has
been reported to be very insecure by each successive
grand jury which has visited it during the last 10
years. [B. B. for 183C.1
X. The constitution of the Lower Province, until the
late insurrection suspended it, may be thus summarily
stated. The authority of the sovereign of Canada,
limited by the laws of Great Britain and by the capi-
tulations of the Province. The supreme legislatine
authority in His Majesty and the two houses of the
Imperial Parliament ; this authority again limited by
the capitulations and its own acts ; the most remark-
able of which, the Act 18 George III. cap. 12, con-
firmed by 31st George III. cap, 13. declares that no
taxes shall be imposed on the colonies but for the
regulation of trade, and that the proceeds of such
taxes shall be applied to and for the use of the Pro-
vince, in such manner as shall be directed by any law
or laws which may be made by His Majesty, his heirs
or successors, by iind with the advice and consent of
the Legislative Council and Assembly of the Province.
The Provincial Le<rislature consists of His Majesty,
acting by the Governor of the Province for His Ma-
jesty, of a Legislative Council of 34 members, the
Chief Justice and Protestant Bishop, appointed by
His Maje:ity for life ; of a House of Assembly, of 88
members, elected for four years by His Majesty's
subjects resident within the Province, and possessed,
for their own use and benefit, in the counties, of real
property to the yearly value of 40s. sterling ; in the
towns of the yearly value of 5/. sterling, or paying
rent to the amount of lOL sterling. No religious dis-
abilities exist as to electors, but clergymen or Jews
are not eligible as representatives. The Assembly is
empowered to make laws for " the peace, welfare and
good of the government" of the Province, such laws
not being repugnant to the Act of 31 George III. c.
31, elections by open voting. Members of the House
of Assembly allowed, by grant of the Legislature, an
indemnity of lOs. currency per diem, and 4«. per
league from their places of residence to the town or
capital where the sittings of the Legislature are held,
which is Quebec. Session of the Parliament of Lower
Canada generally lasts three months, seldom more
than four, and is held during the winter. Salary of
the Speaker of the House of Assembly 900/. voted
annually by the Provincial Legislature.
The constituency of Lower Canada is very widely
diffused — among the half million of people there are
at least 80,000 electors, of whom nine-tenths are
proprietors of the soil ; several counties have from
4 to 5,000 electors, all of whom are landed projjrietors.
The total number of proprietors of real property in
1831, was ^1^91 ; and of persons holding property
not otherwise than real, 2.'5,208. Of families em-
ployed in agriculture, .')0,824 ; and of families engaged
in commerce, only 2,.')03. The number of farm ser-
vants employed was 7,002, which shows what a large
proportion of the agriculturists are small farmers.
The number of persons subsisting on alms, in a total
population of upwards of half a million, was only
1,282; and which, I suppose, included a large pro-
portion of 408 deaf and dumb, 334 blind, and 924
insane persons.
The Governor, in his Majesty's name, assembles,
prorogues, and dissolves the two houses, which must
be called together once in every twelve calendar
months. All questions arising in either of the two
houses, are decided by the majority of the members
present by open voting. The Governor gives, with-
holds, or reserves for the further signification of His
Majesty's pleasure, the royal sanction to bills pro-
posed by the two other branches. Laws assented to
by the Governor, may be disallowed by His Majesty
within two years. His Majesty cannot assent to any
act or acts affecting the enjoyment of the dues of the
clergy of the Church of Rome, or affecting the estab-
lishment of the Church of England within the Pro-
vince, or the provisions made for the same, or the
enjoyment or exercise of any religious form or mode
of worship, or creating penalties, burthens, disabili-
ties, or disqualifications on that account, or granting,
or imposing any new dues in favour of any ministers
of any former form of worship, or affecting the prero-
gative, touching the granting of the waste lands of
the Crown ; without such acts having been 30 days
before both houses of the British Parliament, and
neither of the houses having addressed His Majesty
not to sanction the same.
When Canada was in possession of the French, the
government was nearly pure despotism.
Shortly after the cession of the province of Lower
Canada to the British Crown, the King of England,
in a proclamation dated the 7th of October, 1763,
declared, that " all the inhabitants of the province,
and all others resorting to it, might confide in his
royal protection for enjoying the benefit of the laws
of England." In 1774, the first Act of Parliament
was passed, fixing the boundaries of Canada, making
provision for the better government of this part of
the British dominions, and vesting the authority in a
governor, aided by a council of not less than 17 per-
sons, and not exceeding 23 in number, who had power
to frame ordinances, but not to levy taxes, except for
making of public roads and erecting a few local struc
tures. By this Act the English criminal law was
preserved ; but it was enacted, " that in all matters of
controversy relative to property and civil rights resort
should be had to the rule and decision of the laws of
Canada," excepting, however, in this concession to
French law : " lands which had been or should be
granted in free and common soccage." The Roman
Catholic religion, with all its immunities and rights,
was secured to the Canadians.
After 17 years' intei-val, this Act was followed by
Mr. Pitt's, or rather Lord Grenville's Act, styled the
Constitution of 1791, under the provisions of which
Canada was divided into upper and lower provinces.
This Act gave to Lower Canada a Constitution, con-
sisting of a Governor and Executive Council of 1 1
1C2
LOWER CANADA.— GOVERNMENT AM) MILITARY,
i :;?
■}'A
members, appointed by thu Crown (similar to the
Privy Council in England) ; a Lefcislatire Council,
appointed by mandamus from the King, forming the
second estate, and then consisting of l^ members (but
since increased to 34, including the Protestant Bishop
of Quebec and the Chief Justice, who is Speaker) ;
and a Representative Assemhlii, or third estate, com-
posed of 50 members, and consisting of four citizens
from each of the cities of Quebec and Montreal;
three burgesses (being two for the town of Three
Rivers, and one for William Henry, so called in
honour of the visit of his late Majesty), nnd the re-
maining number divided over the province as knights
of the shire, representing 22 counties, into which
Lower Canada was divided. Population was partly
made the basis for regulating the division : thus a
small and thickly-populated territory on the banks of
the St. Lawrence was found suflSeient to form a
county ; and in the more distant parts large areas
were included in one county, in order to combine the
requisite amount of population necessary to a repre-
sentativc election.
The unequal manner in which this division of
counties, with regard to population, and not to area,
was felt after a few years, and a new county division
proposed and adopted by the Provincial Act ix., Geo.
IV. ; but in order to understand the change which
took place in the extension of the representation, it
will be requisite to show the division as it stood ac-
cording to the Act of 1791. This I can best do by
the following return of the census of Lower Canadii
in 1827 and 1831, with the number of Members
returned to the Assembly.
C U N l' I K S.
Area in
s((uare
Inhabitants in
I
Population.
Members.
Miifs.
Townships.
Scignories.
In 1827.
1
In 1831.
1827.
1831.
Ciaspe* .....
7296
4*J19
■ 1
1125
6425
13312
1
2
Cornwallis (1) . . .
13160
No return.
20012
20012
24618
2
4
Devon (2) .
3044
, J
11934
11934
13518
2
2
Hertford (3) .
177'>
. ,
140-14
14044
13.529
2
^
Dorchester (4) .
2335
249
19438
19707
23846
2
4
Buckingham (5) .
7430
6450
27032
33522
44104
2
10
Richelieu (6) ...
2231
9544
26712
36256
31515
2
8
Bedford (7) .
7.-<9
10782
12672
236.54
26916
1
4
Surrey (8) .
198
, ,
11573
11573
12319
2
2
Kent (9) . . . .
211
, ,
10890
10890
15483
o
2
Huntingdon (10) .
U95
5742
31438
39586
46773
2
6
Montreal and City
197
r 2.5976
I 11109
26913
1 37085
30096
43773
6
6
York (11) . . . .
33085
2876
38802
^
5
p:ffingham (12)
3169
14921
14921
16623
')
2
Leinster (13)
5008
484
19273
19757
22228
2
4
W'arwick (14)
8648
; H
15924
15935
20226
2
2
Maurice and Three Rivers (15)
10593
r 18906
\ 2906
•21066
23900
4
6
Hampshire (16) .
8410
13312
13312
12350
2
2
Quebec and City .
14240
__
r 6602
1 22021
1 28623
36173
6
r>
Northumberland (17) .
82486
11210
11210
12128
2
4
Orleans ....
69
4022
4022
4349
1
I
Total
205569
41110
379272
423373
496485
49
84
New Sub-divisions and Names. — * Gaspe and Bonaventure. (1) Kamouraska and Rimouski. (2) Islet.
(3) Bellechasse. (4) Beauce and Dorchester. (5) Yamaska, Drummond, Nicolet, Lotbiniere, Sherbrooke,
and Megantic. (6) Richelieu, St. Hyacinthe, SheflFord, and Stanstead. (7) Rouville and Missisqui. (8)
Verchers. (9) Chambly. (10) Acadie, Beauharnois and La- Prairie. (11) Two Mountains, Vaudreuil, and
Ottowa. (12) Terrebone. (13) L'Assomption and La Chenay. (14) Berthier. (15) St. Maurice and
Champlain. (16) Portneuf. (17) Montmorenci and Saguenay.
The laws in force in Lower Canada are : 1st. The
acts of the British Parliament which extend to the
Colonies : 2nd. Capitulations and treaties : 3rd. The
laws and customs of Canada, founded principally on
the jurisprudence of the Parliament of Paris, as it
stood in 1663, the edicts of the French kings, and
their colonial authorities, and the Roman civil law :
4th. The criminal law of England as it stood in 1774,
and as explained by subsequent statutes : 5th. The
ordinances of the Governor and Council, established
by the act of that year : and 6th. The acts of the
Provincial Legislature since 1792. These laws are
executed in His Majesty's name, and, in virtue of his
commission and instructions, by the Governor, or
person administering the government, by the means
of a number of inferior officers, all of whom are ap-
pointed during pleasure. The Governor also possesses
all other powers and prerogatives, generally, which,
His Majesty may legally enjoy, and delegates to him.
The Governor of Lower Canada is Governor General
of all the British Colonies in North America, and
Commander-in-Chief of all the forces in those Pro-
vinces. The judiciary consists of a High Court of
Appeal, a Court of King's Bench, presided over by
hi', ii
'smBammmm
LOWER CANADA— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
163
afficient to form a
It parts large areas
rder to combine the
lecessary to a repre.
:h this division of
on, and not to area,
new county division
k'incial Act ix., Geo.
d the change which
le representation, it
ision as it stood ac-
is I can best do by
js of Lower Canada
amber of Members
Members.
1827. 1831
2
i
2
2
4
10
H
4
2
•2
4
f)
2
2
fi
(°>
2
4
1
1
49
84
louski. (2) Islet.
liere, Sherbrooke,
[I Missisqui. (8)
IS, Vaudreuil, and
St. Maurice and
I, in virtue of his
le Governor, or
Int, by the means
lof whom are ap-
lor also possesses
generally, which,
ielegates to him.
lovernor General
Ih America, and
Is in those Pro-
High Court of
Resided over bv
a Chief Justice of the Province, and throe Puisni'
Justices for the district of Quebec ; another Court of
King's Bench for Montreal, with a Chief Justice and
three Puisnt Justices ; there are also three Provincial
Courts, with a Judge for Three Rivers, and terms of
the Court of King's Bench, including the Provincial
Judge for trials of causes above 10/., one for Gaspe
and one for the district of St. Francis.
There is also a court of Vice Admiralty, Quarter
Sessions, and other minor tribunals for civil matters.
With respect to the highest legal tribunal in the Pro-
vince, the Court of Appeal, it consists of the Governor
(ex-officio President), the Lieutenant-Governor, Chief
Justice of the Province, the Chief Justiceof Montreal,
and the Members of the Executive Council, five of
whom, including the President, are a competent quo-
rum to hear and determine appeals from judgments
pronounced in the courts of King's Bench in civil
matters. Should the suit in dispute exceed 500/. in
value, an appeal lies before the King and Privy Coun-
cil ; if below that sum, the Canadian High Court of
Appeal decision is final.
The Canadian Court of King's Bench combines a
jurisdiction similar to the King's Bench and Common
Pleas at Westminster ; it has distinct civil and crimi-
nal terms, and an appellate as well as an original
jurisdiction ; appeals lying, in certain cases, from the
decisions of the provincial judges, or inferior courts,
over each of which a Puisne Judge presides; whose
jurisdiction, in the district of Three Rivers, is limited
to 10/. sterling (with the exception before exjilained) ;
in St. Francis, ti) 20/. — but in Gaspfe, by reason of
its distance from the superior tribunals, it is extended
to 100/.
The duties of the Vice Admiralty Court devolve, by
commission, on a Judge Surrogate, who is also a
Judge of the court of King's Bench ; this union is
rightly considered objectionable, as the Court of
King's Bench possesses a controlling power over the
Admiralty Court ; and, owing to the increasing com-
merce of Quebec, it is necessary that the Vice Admi-
ralty Judge should be unconnected with any other
office.
The Court of Escheats was created by the 10th sec.
(■) George II, ch. 5'J — Imperial Parliament ; it consists
of Commissioners appointed by the Governor to in-
qiiire, on information being filed by the Attorney-
General, into the liability of lands to be escheated by
reason of the non-performance of the conditions on
which they were granted. The decision is by a ver-
dict of a jury composed of 12 men, summonrri in the
usual way, and the lands forfeited become revested in
the Crown.
The other courts, being similarly constituted to
those of the same name in England, require no ex-
planation. The police of the country is administered
by unpaid justices of the peace, of whom there are
1 10 in the Quebec district ; 215 in the Montreal ditto;
44 in Three Rivers, 23 in Gaspe, and 1<J in St. Francis,
exclusive of the members of the executive and legis-
lative councils, the judges, &c., who are ex-officio
everywhere justices of the peace. Trial by jury is
universal in all criminal cases ; but in civil matters,
the appeal to trial by jury is confined by statute to
certain cases, viz., the demand must exceed 10/. ster-
ling, the parties, merchants, or traders, and the sub-
ject matter grounded on debts, promises, contracts,
and agreements, of a nicrcantilo nature only ; or else
the cause of the action must arise from personal
wrongs, to be compensated in damages ; in all other
cases the Bench arc judges both upon the law and the
fact, — a very small proportion of these cases arc tried
by jury. Law proceedings are in French and English,
and it is not unusual to have half the jury English
and the other half French. There are about 200 law-
yers on the rolls of the Courts of King's Bench, who
are solicitors and proctors as well as barristers. The
notaries, who are the conveyancers in the country,
now form a distinct class, and are upwards of 300 in
number. In the Quebec district there are 45 advo-
cates, or barristers, 43 advocates, or solicitors, and
12H notaries. In Montreal district, 20 avocats, fiO
advocates, and IM notaries; and Three Rivers, St.
Francis, and Gasp<>, 72; making a total of 538 law-
yers.
Of the laws it may be said that the criminal i«
English, with some provincial statutes not repugnant
thereto ; the admiralty is wholly English ; the com-
merc.inl laws of evidence are English. Quebec and
Montreal are corporate cities, having each a mayor
and common council.
Intimately connected with the laws of the country
are the tenures by which land is held ; all lands
granted since the conquest are in free and common
soccagc ; in the French districts, lands are held ac-
cording to the old Norman law.
French Landed Tenures. — It may be necessary to
advert to the peculiar state of the landed tenures in
Lower Canada. When the country was first settled
by the French, the feudal tenure was in full vigour
on the continent of Europe, and naturally transplanted
by the colonizers to the New World. The King of
Frai\ce, as feudal lord, granted to noliles and respect-
able famlics, or to officers of the army, large tracts of
land, termed seigniories, the prnprietorsof which are
termed seigniors ; these possessions are held imme-
diately from the King, en fief, or en. riiture, on condi-
tion of the proprietor rendering fealty and homage,
on accession to the seignorial property ; and in the
event of a transfer, by sale, or gilt, or otherwise, (ex-
ce|)t in hereditary succession), the seigniory was
subject to the payment of a quint, or fifth part of the
whole purchase money ; and which, if paid by the
purchaser immediately, entitled him to the rnlmt or a
reduction of two-thirds of the quint. This custom
still prevails ; the Kings of Great Britain having suc-
ceeded to the claims of the King of France.
^;stimating the number of acres of land under cul-
tivation in Lower Canada at 4,000,000, and the seig-
norial grants of good and bad land, at 10,000,000
acres, it will be perceived that a large portion of ter-
ritory is embraced under the seigniories. On this
account it will be necessary to give some explanation
of the different terms used in relation to this pro-
perty.
Quints are a fifth part of the purchase-money of an
estate held en fief, which must be paid by the pur-
chaser to the feudal lord, that is, the King. If the
feudal lord believes the fief to be sold under value, he
can take the estate to himself, by paying the pur-
chaser the price he gave for it, together with all rea-
sonable expenses. Iteliefe is the rent or revenue of
one year for mutation fine, when an estate is inhe-
rited only by collateral descent. Lodi rt ventes are
fines of alienation of one twelfth part of the purchase-
money, paid to the seigneur by the purchaser, on the
transfer of property in the same manner as quints are
paid to the king on the mutation oifief; and are held
en roture, which is an estate to which heirs succeed
equally. Franc alue nulile is a. fief, or freehold estate,
held subject to no seignorial rights or duties, and
acknowledging no lord but the king. The succes-
I
i
164
LOWER CANADA —GOVF.RNMKNT AND MILITARY.
sion to fiefs is different from that of property held en
roture or by vUlenage, The eldest son, by right,
takes the chftteau, and the yard adjoining it; also an
arpent of the garden joining the manor-house, and
the mills, ovens, or presses within the seigniory be-
long to him ; but the profit arising from these is to
be divided among the other heirs. Females have no
precedence of right, and when there are only daugh-
ters, the fief is equally divided among them. When
there are only two sons, the eldest takes two-thirds
of the lands, besides the ch&teau, mill, &c., and the
younger one-third. When there are several sons,
the elder claims half the lands, and the rest have the
other half divided among them. Censive is an estate
held in the feudal manner subject to the seigniorial
fines or dues. All the Canadian hahitans, small farmers,
are rcnsitaires. Property, according to the laws of
Canada, is cither propre, that is, held by descent, or
acquits, which expresses, being acquired by industry
or other means. Commtinitj dti bien is partnershiij
in property by marriage ; lor the wife, by this law,
becomes an equal partner' in whatever the husband
possessed before, and acquires after marriage, and the
husband is placed in the same position in respect to
the wife's dowry. This law might operate as well as
most general laws do, if both mari andfeinme died on
the same day ; but very unhappy consequences have
arisen when one has predeceased the other. For in-
stance, when the wife dies before the husband, the
children may claim half of the father's property, as
heirs to the mother; and the mother's relations have
often persuaded, and sometimes compelled them so
to do. [It has been justly observed, that it would
have been almost impossible to have formed a law
more fruitful of family discord, or more destructive of
that affection which ought to subsist between parents
and children. So fully sensible, in fact, are the most
simple habitans of the unhappy operation of this law,
that scarcely any of them marry without an ante-nup-
tial contract, which bars the communitt du bien.]
The dot, or dowry, is the property which the wife
puts into the commiinite du bien : moveable or im-
moveable property, falling to her by descent, is a
propre, and does not merge in the communite. Dower
in Canada, is either customary or stipulate. The first
consists of half the property which the husband was
possessed of at the time of marriage, and half of all
the property which he may inherit or acquire — of
this the wife has the use for life, and the children may
claim it at her death. If they be not of age, the
wife's relations, as guardians of the children, can
take it out of the father's hands, and may compel him
to sell his property and make a division. Stipulated
dower is a portion which the husband gives instead of
the customary dower.
Those farmers who hold land from the seignieur
en roture, and who may be termed tennnciers or cen-
sitaires, are subject to certain conditions, viz. a small
annual rent, from 2s. M. to hs. (or perhaps more of
late years) for each arpent in front ; [The Canadian
farms are remarkable for the small breadth of the
farm on the bank of the river, and its great depth in-
land ; the latter being often in proportion to the
former as sixty to one ; namely, half an arpent broad
in front of the St. Lawrence, or other river, and 30
arpents in depth.] to this are added some articles of
provision annually, such as a pig or goose, or a few
fowls, or a bushel of wheat, according to the means
of the farmer, who is also bound to grind his corn at
the moulin banal, or the seignieur's mill, when one-
fourteenth is taken for the lord's use, as mouiure or
payment for grinding. The loda et rentes form ano-
ther part of the seignieur's revenue : it consists of a
right to one twelfth part of the purchase- money of
every estate within his seigniory, that changes its
owner by sale, or other means equivalent to sale : this
twelfth to be paid by the purchaser, and is exclusive
of the sum agreed on between the hitter and the
seller, and if promptly paid, a reduction of one-fourth
is usually made, in the same manner as two-thirds of
the quints due to the Crown are deducted on prompt
payment. On such an occasion, a privilege remains
with the seignieur, but is seldom exercised, called
the droit de retrait, which confers the right of pre-
emption at the highest price offered, within 40 days
after the sale has taken place.
All the fisheries within the seigniories contribute
also to the lord's income, as he receives a share of
the fish caught, or an equivalent in money ; the seig.
nieur is also privileged to fell timber any where within
his seigniory, for the purpose of erecting mills, con-
structing new or repairing old roads, or for other
works of public and general utility. In addition to
the foregoing burdens on the farmer, he is, if a Roman
Catholic, bound to pay to his curate one twenty-sixth
part of all grain produced, and to have occasional
assessments levied on him for building and repairing
churches, parsonage houses, &c.
The duties of the seignieur to his tenants are also
strictly defined, — he is bound in some instances to
open roads to the remote parts of his fief, and to
provide mills for the grinding of the feudal tenants'
corn ; lie cannot dispose by sale of forest lands, but
is bound to concede them ; and upon his refusal to
do so, the applicant may obtain from the Crown the
concession he requires, under the usual seignorial
stipulations, in which case the rents and dues apper-
tain to the King.
The Position and Extent of the Solgnnrial Grants, are :—
Territorial Division,
Quebec, ircliidiiip: Anti- 1
costi and otlier Isles J
Montreal and Islands
Three Rivers and St. Fran- \
cis, &c J
Gas|;(' and Isles
Total . .
a o
168
Extent of Se\g-
niorial Grants.
Arpents.
5639319
3269966
1220308
154-086;
Acres.
3 D.S!,»
.£ g ^
< u
5656699
2786011
103970;
1318117
2600000
500000
400000
600000
II676679 10800534 410U000
For lands granted on free and common soccage tenures
since 1796, see Appendix.
Lower Canada is in the possession of an extensive
militia. In 1S07, the militia men bearing arms, con-
sisted of 50,000 able-bodied sridiers, with a due pro-
portion of officers ; and be 'onging to themselves,
(i. e. independent of the arms furnished by govern-
ment) 10,000 muskets. From this period to 1815,
their numbers were little increased ; but from a
report of a special committee of the Assembly ap-
pointed to enquire into the state of the militia, which
report, printed at Quebec, is now before me, I find
the state of the militia to be, in 1827, as follows : —
■^
et venifs form ano-
lue : it consists of a
purchase- money of
y, that changes its
ivalent to sale : this
ser, and is exclusive
the latter and the
uction of one-fourth
ner as two-thirds of
deducted on prompt
, a privilege remains
m exercised, called
rs the right of pre-
?red, within 40 days
signiories contribute
receives a share of
in money ; the seig-
)er any where within
erecting mills, con-
roads, or for other
ity. In addition to
er, he is, if a Roman
ite one twenty-sixth
to have occasional
ilding and repairing
his tenants are also
some instances to
of his fief, and to
the feudal tenants'
of forest lands, but
jpon his refusal to
rem the Crown the
le usual seignorial
Its and dues apper-
lorial Grants, are :—
cnt of Seip.
irial Grants.
Almost unfit for
cultivation in the
Seigniories and
Fieis.
nts.
Acres.
319
366
)08
186
5656699
2786011
1039707
1318I1;
2600000
500000
400000
600000
79 10800534, 4100000
! I
on soccage tenures
of an extensive
!aring arms, con-
with a due pro-
to themselves,
shed by govern-
period to 1815,
; but from a
e Assembly ap-
e militia, which
efore me, I find
as follows : —
LOWER CANADA.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY. 166
The number of Militia returned to the Colonial
Office in 1836, were as follows — [Blue Book.]
■J
D
c
13
^
i
3 2?
■J 15
1
2
,
"" P
.
Cfl
,
, ^
3
0.
n
No.of Batta
CO
Ui to
u
00 H-
_vo_
to
to
to
to
lions.
•J
No. of Companies.
M
10 b1
lb
to
t'
to •
to
•
Colonels.
CO
en 10
00
to
c;i
Lieut-Colonels.
H-»
0%
^
CO
Majors.
w
to CO
1—
*J
k
to
CTl •
l-M
a.
Paymasters.
fe
to
to to
o>
to
Adjutants.
10
I—* •
CO •
to
^1
Quarter-Mast.
■ t
to •
•
lb
Surgeons.
W
to •
'•
W
Assist.- Surg.
00
CO •
to
CO
Chaplains.
01 •
•■0 •
en
to
Aide-Majors.
<T>
CO
en H-
00
to
Captains.
00
iO CO
en
H- 1
B
eo
>-
to
to
CO
Lieutenants.
03
•J 1-
^-
lb
n
eo
en H-
^
to
Ensigns.
to
CO
-.4
to
to
00
en •
lb
to
Serjeant-Majors.
a>
00 •
CO
en
Quarter-Master-Serj.
to
^^
to
to
0> Of
CO
to
Serjeants.
^
lb 00
CO
to
lb
to CO
lb
to
to
00
to
Unmarried.
a> 4^
g 00 5'
>(^
to
1—
"0^
e;,S
en
lb
CO
en
00
b
■'I
Married.
o>
c> ^
lb
00
to
eo -.J
t—t
^i
lb
to
Total effective under
2
CO lb
—
CD
Arms.
10
en eo
lb
00
to lb
CO
b.
to
to
Officers not effective.
u
to
to
to
eo
*a
Serjeants not effective.
CO
to
Men CO years and up-
en
00
CO CO
00 —
to
00
wards.
ij^
10
1— i
^1
(O lb
to
s
Infirm.
00 <s>
lb
,_,
an
1— 1
10
lb
Absent.
w
•^ <n
en
to
lb
CT> to
■^i
eo
to
Exempt by law.
VO
Ci 00
to
a>
lb
W
2-
to
fO
en
eo
Total not effective.
to to
lb
lb
w
10 CO
lb
b
<o
lb
I--
CO
w
*J 1—
CO
en
Grand Total en masse.
CO
6
v<
^j ai
lb
00
'
Mviskets in possession of the Militia Men of the
district of Quebec, 3,262 ; ditto Three Rivers and St.
Francis, 1,567; ditto Gasp^, 95; ditto Montreal,
5,479; total number of muskets, the property of the
Militia Men, 10,403.
Districts.
Quebec . . .
Three Rivers .
Montreal . .
St. Francis
Gaspe . . .
Total .
^.1
28
8
48
5
3
92
o a
» E
o
O
312
88
565
76
26
1067
B
O g
28805
8797
48315
5146
2147
93210
o t
O in
^^1
2106
1612
5174
8892
By the Militia Act, every able-abodicd male inha-
bitant, from 18 to 60 years of age, after six months'
residence, is liable to serve as a militia man, unless
specially exempted by law ; the exemptions embrace
the clergy, civil and military officers of Her Majesty's
Government, physicians, surgeons, notaries, land-
surveyors, ferrymen, millers, schoolmasters, stewards
of religious communities, and students in seminaries,
colleges, &c., and persons who had served as officers
of militia previous to the act. Officers are appointed
by the government, the qualification for those above
the rank of captain being a bond fide possession of an
estate yielding 50^ currency per annum; half the sum
qualifies for a captain or subaltern's commission.
There is an annual muster by companies (29th June)
throughout the province. The light cavalry, artil-
lery, and rifle corps, would do honour to any body of
men under arms in Europe ; and there is an esprit
du corps throughout the service highly honourable to
all engaged in a force which, with readiness, could
turn out nearly 100,000 armed men to repel invasion,
if the Americans should ever again feel disposed to
attempt the conquest of Canada. A new militia levy
took place during the recent insurrection; i. e. by
calling into active service those only who were dis-
posed to suppress rebellion.
The Queen's troops, in Lower Canada, generally
amount to three regiments of infantry, two compa-
nies of foot artillery, and two companies of the royal
engineers; the head-quarters of two regiments are
Quebec, and one at Montreal. The troops of the
line stationed in Canada since 1816 (including artil-
lery and engineers), taken at four intervals, in order
to shew the average number, were as follows :
»
s
s
Years.
1
■3
i
e
2
i
c
n
a
en
=
E
c
s
s
Si
Si
1-
=
v.
in
B
i
s
«
«
s •?
«
-)
'^
u
U
UJ
0.
■<
U"
t«
<
i» ; Q
1810..
U
91
201
76
8
13
13
10
19
392' 246
I82I..
, ,
s
8
41
03
34
9
3
4
3
7
174 101
182r..
1
7
«
44
50
21
3
3
5
3
Kit 59
1833. .
1
6
5
35
40
13
5
5
5
S
7
139
37|
a
820S
2986
2833
2391
The fortifications of Quebec are now impregnable;
the island of St. Helen's, near Montreal, is also
strongly defended, and there are some posts near the
American frontier on Lake Champlain. Quebec, how-
ever, is the key to Lower and also to Upper Canada.
The Governor of Quebec garrison is a major-general,
and the Lieutenant governor a lieutenant-general.
I
III
i6r>
LOWER CANADA.— REVKNUK COLLECTIONS,
The head-(|uartera of the Commissariat, and other
military departments, for Upper and Lower Canndn,
are in the Lower Province. The naval station of our
North American colonics is Halifax, Nova Scotia.
The barracks at Quebec (formerly the Jesuit's Col-
lege,) which the troojis at present occupy, are situate
nearly in the centre of the Upper Town, forming the
west side of the Market-square, of a (juadrangular
figure, built of stone, three stories high, with a con-
siderable open space in the centre, and capable of
containing 1,500 men. The armoury at Quebec is
Comparative Yearly Statement of the
very extensive, and in excellent order ; and the sevc.
ral departments of the army, medical, commissariat,
&c. are well attended to.
XL When con(pii'rc(l,the income of Lower Canadn
was very trilling; in 1H07, it ainoinited to ahdut
.10,000/. ; in 1821-22, to about CO.OOO/. ; in IM^.". .to
about 90,000/.; anil for the 10 years ending wjfi,
183r), the Hlue Hooks at the (.'oloniiil Otlice, ndoul
the following return, as accurately as can be collccttd
from annual returns often varying.
Revenue Collected in Lower Canada.
Separate Tax or Duty.
1827.
1
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
f.
Casual and Territorial Reve-
2625
6578
5265
6322
4581
4006
.5391
5468
4407
2901,1
Duties, Imperial Act 14th
34189
24852
25974
31161
34954
30998
31688
21740
28535
16023
Geo. 111.
Licensed under ditto . .
2802
2797
2142
1818
2448
2532
2629
2365
2579
3526
Tobacco Duties, 41st Geo.
IIL
Duties, Provincial Act 33d
4470
3197
2705
4019
4934
5527
.5285
5041
5143
49XS
2066
1558
914
1945
2115
2566
2982
2225
1507
lOMO
Geo. III.
Ditto - ditto 35th Geo. IIL
31363
18721
23348
27.397
30471
30021
24993
23514
25193
1 9207
Licenses under ditto . .
3033
3069
2520
2158
2737
2809
2916
2590
2674
3('i02
Customs, 53d Geo. III.
19256
15997
17752
22370
258.54
27844
22210
15021
20638
26770
Ditto - 55th Geo. III. . .
24275
15255
18819
22873
29302
29951
29289
13160
24807
13^136
Ditto - 6th Geo. IV. and 4th
10264
5451
9805
8280
6421
6643
7398
1946
4682
2270
Will. IV.
Duties, Provincial Act 45th
3319
2938
3066
3097
3,545
3519
.3494
4023
4015
4189
and 51st Geo. Ill.f
Tolls, Lachine Canal . .
"^
—
1131
2250
4222
3870
4635
3960
—
3,'il()
From the Jesuits estates .
—
—
—
—
242li
1440
1489
1590
192.-|
Land and Timber FundJ
—
—
—
—
—
3780
5797
22630
16505
On Emigrants, 6th Will. IV.
c. 13.
Tonnage, Cth Will. IV. c. 35
—
—
—
—
5944
4298
—
2197
521.13
^
«...
_
,
ll;):"!
Miscellaneous§ ....
618
1418
1964
817
570
787
598
241
285
2191
Total . . £.
138279
101834
115410
134,521
1520611159452 153032 108587
151004
129019
* These duties were given up to the House of Assembly, under the promise of a Civil List being granted,
t Towards improving the navigation of the St. Lawrence. + Payments of the British American
Land Company included, namely for 1835, 1 1,344/. ; 1836, 6,471/. § This item includes billiard tablu
duties ; some small duties ; fines and forfeitures ; and for 1836, wharfage d\ies at Montreal (934/.)
The following is a statement of the gross annual
amount of the casual and territorial revenue, from
1818 to 1830. In the preceding table several of the
following items are separated from the casual and
territorial account.
The following are the revenues at the disposal of
the Crown in Lower Canada since 1828. [Report of
Colonial Receipt and Expenditure, July 13, 1837.]
Year
Rent 1 Rent
of the of the
Jesuits King's
Estates Posts.
1
Rent [^ ^
of the i.t: .S
King's; 1^
Wharf. !*=>
Lods et
Ventes.
Land
Fund.
Timber
Fund.
1818
2063
512
..
162
5
1938
1819
7,59
1537
500
358
2605
3059 [
1820
1552
512
500
3,52
2331
1446
1821
855
1025
, ,
325
2547
359
1822
2003
1025
500
578
338
2060i
1823
1419
1712
1250
351
648
763|
1824
2105
1200
351
474
9851
1825
1674
1200
500
162
87
1823
1826
1428
1200
500
703
987
1621
1827
1333
1200
325
395
1151
1828
3155
1200
1000
404
1603
3621
2282
1193
1829
17.59
1200 500
351
965
3102
2234
1249
1830
1579
1096
500
1 62
946
2552
2304
1903
7. S i,
'
OH*
1
.*'
1828
6578
lS2y
.5318
1830
6322
1831
4581
1832
4977
1833
56fi4
18.34
5R54
1835
4407
c.S
at -o
Unties and
Licenses
iinner Im-
perial Act,
H Geo. HI.
c. 88.
Dntics and
Licenses
iiiulfr l>rn- j
vinri.il Act,
41 (Teo.lll,
2782
2234
25H(I !
31)58 I
5008 1
3780
0517 i
17-196* I
2-649
281013
32079
374U2
32530
t
.A'
3J:i7
2750
4086
4974
5594
5330
5120
52U0
n
« 3
■^ .t;
Total.
1 1,
■^a
.€'
.f
781)
4lii;8
2(18
;t»7i7
397
40:i(i.-)
310
51'JW
681
48;9:l
11771
\:m
••
27001
In this sum is included a payment of 6000/. by the
British American Land Company, being their tirst
annual instalment applicable to the general expenses
of the government.
t The duties under the Act 14 George III. c. 88, wire
surrendered to the control of the legislature, by tlio
Act 1 & 2 William IV. c. 23, under the promise oi a
I.OWRR CANADA.— DUTIES LEVIED.
\r,i
Icr ; and the scvc
ical, commissariat,
E of Lower {.'nnndn
nountcd to aliouf
000/.; in lH-2r> .to
^cnrs t'ndiiij^ wjtli
)niul Ortici', atl'oKl
IS can be collected
IH35.
183r..
£.
f.
4407
2'.»(l'.)
28535
ir)()2a
'ir^Tj
352f)
5143
4ys8
L5()7
lOMO
25193
1!I207
2f.74
3(;()2
20638
2(;77li
24807
L'i^3(;
4082
227(1
40 L5
418'.)
•1 - 1 <^
1590
22r.30
2197
285
3510
1925
10505
5 2 'J 3
1195
2191
51004| 129019
I
being granted,
[Uitisli American
es billiard tabli
real (934/.)
tlie disposal of
1 28. [Report of
|ly 13, 1837.]
■or
cS
X 3
'•f"' a
Total.
i 4/
£5
^•
.<.'
7HI»
■iinrs
HilH
Hsn;
m
■iO;ifi.j
:ii(i
•)1-JM
m
48;p:i
ii~-i
Km
■•
27(101
If 0000/. by tlie
|ing their first
leral experiscs
IILc. 88, were
laturc, by thr
promise of a
("ivil List beins; fixed by the Assembly ; but this pro-
iiiisc was never fnltilled.
In addition to tlie above revenues, the sum of
5000/. sterling per annum is permanently appropriated
to the expenses of the administration of justice, under
the Provincial Act 53 George III. c. 9.
The local revenues of the city of Quebec, for 1830,
svere 4477/., derived from tolls, licenses and fines ;
ditto of Montreal, 5,349/. derived from tolls.
The following articles pay a duty of 7/. 10s. percent.
ad valorem: — Alabaster, anchovies, argol, anniseed,
amber, almonds, brimstone, botargo, currants, caper.s,
cascacoo, corks, cinnibar, dates, essence of bergamot,
lemon, citron, roses, oranges, lavender, rosemary,
emery stone; fruits preserved in sugar or brandy, figs,
honey ; iron in bars, unwrought and pig iron, juniper
berries, incense of frankincense, lava and malta stone
for building, marble rough and worked, mosaic work,
medals, musk, maccaroni, nuts of all kinds, oil of
olives, oil of almonds, orris root, ostrich feathers,
ochres, orange buds and peel, olives, pitch, pickles in
jars and bottles, painting, pozzolana, Parmesan cheese,
pumice stone, punk, prints, pearls, precious stones
(except diamonds), quicksilver, raisins, sausages,
sponges, tar, turpentine, vermillion, vermicelli, whet-
stones.
Ditto 30 per cent. Clocks and watches, leather
manufactures, linen, musical instruments, wires of all
sorts, hooks and papers, silk manufactures.
Ditto 20 per cent. Glass manufactures, soap, re-
fined sugar, sugar candy, tobacco manufactured, cot-
ton manufactures.
Ditto 15 per cent. Goods, wares, or merchandize
(being foreign), not otherwise charged with duty by
3 and 4 William IV. c. 59.
The other duties paid at Quebec on British produce
may be thus summarily stated: — Sugar, 1^'/. per lb.;
ditto refined. Id. ; tea, per lb. — Hyson, 6d. ; Bohea,
2r/. ; all other sorts, 4(/. ; coffee, per lb., 2(i. ; wine,
rum, brandy, or geneva, per gallon, 61L; whiskey,
3i/. ; tobacco manufactured, per lb., 3(/. ; snuff, 4d. ;
pimento, Hi/. ; cocoa, per cwt., 5j>'. ; salt, per pk, 2(/. ;
and upon all other goods, wares, or merchandize (not
included under the free trade goods or otherwise), 2^
per cent.
Upon such of these goods as are liable to the pro-
vincial duty of 2j per cent, that duty is payable under
the provincial law, but its amount is deducted from
the duty payable under 3 and 4 William IV. c. 59.
If any of the articles enumerated in the list of goods
which are subject to the duty of 7i per cent, should
come properly under any of the general denominations
(such as drugs or gums, &c.) of articles duty free,
such enumerated articles will nevertheless be free,
notwithstanding their having been named in that list.
Free goods, under the Imperial Acts, the goods be-
ing of foreign produce or manufacture : — Asses, bread
or biscuit (1), beef, bacon, bullion, cattle, carriages of
travellers, coin, corn, cotton wool (2), cabinetmakers'
wood (1), diamonds (1), dye woods (1), drugs, fruit
and vegetables (1), flour, flax, fresh meat, fresh fish,
gums or resins (1), grain, hay (1), hams, hemp, raw
hides, horses, live stock, mules, meal, pork, straw (1),
salt(l), tallow (1), tortoise-shell (1), tow (I), wood
and lumber (1), East India goods (1).
Any sort of craft, food, or victuals (except spirits) ,
and any sort of clothing or implement, or materials,
fit and necessary for the British fisheries in America,
imported into the place at or from whence such fishery
is carried on, in British ships (1).
Also the following goods when imported from the
warehouses in the United Kingdom ; — Brimstone (1)
burr stones (1), cheese, cork (I), cider (I), dogstones
(1), fruits (1), hopH (1), oakum (I), ochres (1), oils,
vegetables (1), pitch, pickles (1), seeds, spices (1),
sago (1), sponge, 8ul|)hur (1), sausages (1), tar, tapi-
oca (1), tallow (1), turpentine (1), wax (1), wheat
Hour, woods of all sorts (1).
Free goods under the provincial laws : — Apparel for
private use, beef salted, butter (2), barley, beans,
cattle, live stock, oats, oil (fish oil) (3), pork .salted,
peas, pitch (2), cheese (2), fish salted (3), fish oil (3),
(lax, flour, furs (2), grain of all kinds, horses, hogs,
honey (2), hemp, Indian corn, potatoes, jnckages
containing dutiable or free goods, rice, rye, resin,
seeds, skins (2), tar (2), turpentine (2), wheat.
Household goods and necessaries of all kinds which
any person or persons coming into this province, for
the purpose of actually settling therein, shall import
or bring with them for their own use, and for the use
of their families.
(1) Liable to provincial duty.
(2) If foreign, liable to the foreign duty.
(3) If foreign, prohibited.
Prohibitions under Imperial Acts — the goods being
of foreign produce or manufacture, and from foreign
countries.
Arms, ammunition, and utensils of war, books for
sale (1), base or counterfeit coin, fish dried or salted,
gunpowder, train oil and oil of all sorts, blubber, fins,
or skins, the produce of fish or creatures living in the
sea (3) .
(1) First composed or written and printed in the
United Kingdom, and printed or reprinted in any
other country, imported for sale, except books not
reprinted in the United Kingdom within twenty years;
or being parts of collections, the greater part of which
had been comjiosed or written abroad.
(3) Unless taken by British ships.
Schedule of the duties at the ports of Lower Can-
ada, in the year 1835, distinguishing whether under
Acts of the Imperial Parliament or the Colonial Le-
gislature. Imperial Act 4th George III. cap. 15. —
Wines of the Madeiras or any other island or place,
and from whence such wines may be lawfully imported
from such island or place, per ton, 11. ; all wines, ex-
cept French wines imported from Great Britain, per
ton, 10*. Imperial Act 0th George III. cap. 32. —
Molasses or syrup, per gallon, 1*. ; coft'ee, British
plantation, per cwt., 7*'. ; pimento, ditto, per lb., O^d.
Imperial Act 14th George HI. cap. 18. — British ma-
nufactured spirits, per gallon, 3d. ; rum, &c., from the
sugar colonies in the West Indies, Oi/. ; ditto from his
Majesty's colonies in America, 6d. ; foreign spirits,
from Great Britain, Is. ; foreign rum, &c. imported
from any place except Great Britain, Is. ; molasses
imported in British vessels, or in vessels of this Pro-
vince, 3d. ; molasses of the other British Colonies, 3(/.
Imperial Act 3rd George IV. cap. 119, sec. 8. — Rum
of the British plantations, imported from Great Bri-
tain, per gallon, 6d. Provincial Acts rendered perma-
nent by the Imperial Act George IV. cap. 119. 33rd
George III. cap. 8. — Madeira wine, per gallon, 4</. ;
all other wines, 2d. 35th George III. cap. 9. — Foreign
brandy, or other foreign spirits, per gallon, 3d. ; rum
or other spirits, except British manufactured spirits,
imported from Great Britain, per gallon, 3d. ; mo-
lasses or syrup, 3d.; Madeira wine, 2d.; all other
wines. Id. ; Muscovado or clayed sugar, per lb., Ojii. ;
coffee, 2d. ; leaf tobacco, 2d. ; playing cards, per pack,
2d.; salt, per minot (bushel) , 4ii. 41 si George' 111.
cap. 14. — Snutf, per lb., 4(/. ; manufactured tobacco,
^1
IC8
LOWER CANADA.— EXPRNDITURE.
3(i. 55th George III. cap. 2. — Bohea tea, per lb. 2(i.;
souchong or other black tea, 4il. ; hyson tea, fxl. ; all
other green tea, Oil. ; spirits or other strong liquors,
per gallon, Od. ; all wines, 0(<. ; molasses or syrup,
0(/. 53rd George III. cap. 2. Annulled by 55th
George III. cap. 2. All goods imported on which a
duty is not already imposed, per 100/,, 2/. 10*. Ex-
cept goods imported by the commissioners, or con-
tractors for the use uf the army or navy, or Indian
stations, or necessary articles brought by persons wlu)
intend settling in the Province.
The following table of Kxpenditure is collected from
the Blue Books, — hut the accounts vary so much in
each year that it has been found dilTicult to pre-
pare a consecutive statement, and the stoppage of
the supplies by the late House of Assembly, has made
the task more laborious.
Comparative Year
ly Statement of
the Expenditure.
Heads of Expenditure.
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
18;if,t
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
Government and Justice
41153
35f)fi5
42833
35276
32894
32605
12899
10032
1793
7605
Printing the Laws.
448
—
1198
988
1064
1100
842
694
219
1.^94
Expenses of Legislature
14788
2871
19184
17037
15055
18565
10112
1233
—
5490
Pay of Members .
—
—
—
—
—
—
4264
2720
—
72:t7
Militia, Pensions, and Staff
2227
1217
1803
2051
1975
1893
2450
790
405
735
Support of Hospitals .
3245
36.50
5899
4924
5581
6202
4511
4126
63
971;i
For Education
2275
1000
11959
23859
25206
29223
19939
22167
23229
3lHfifi
Encouragement of Agriculture
837
279
823
1458
1323
1188
—
358
466
6,58
Light Houses and Navigation
—
—
2378
10381
14 ::.•;
1759
5829
506
2111
2fi9fi
Public Buildings .
—
—
915
3,539
16284
17935
15180
10278
2295
3239
Trinity Board; &c.
2fi70
3749
2322
3260
3272
4740
3748
4265
1610
664C
Chambly Canal and others .
20198
C698
—
—
4617
9000
13500
18000
13923
2,340
Quarantine Establishments
—
—
—
—
—
13298
3845
4088
2915
2701
Medical aid for Emigrants .
—
—
—
—
—
5405
4467
370
1620
51:i4
Election Expenses
835
—
—
—
—
—
316
134
1304
2C7
Land and Timber Fund
—
—
—
—
—
—
3728
4139
2729
1807
Roads, Bridges, &c.
976
1275
16994
40936
40593
11245
18207
2826
696
922
Miscellaneous* .
8073
5920
45109
6148
9256
11313
10776
10189
12054
9473
Total £
97725
62327
151417
149857
171.580
16,5474
134620
96920
6743.'
100114
• Miscellaneous includes, for 1836, 3,677^, the purchase money of Grosse Isle as a quarantine station ;
675/. care of sick mariners ; 374/. for Montreal gaol ; 720/. for relief of distressed inhabitants; and 1,705/.
expenses out of British American Land Company receipts. In 1 835, the miscellany includes 9,674/. for the
same object ; and 1834 has 7,877/. for relief of distressed inhabitants.
t Partial payments made only — the House of Assembly having refused the necessary supplies ; the
estimated amounts required were for 1833, 39,687/. ; 1834, 40,130/. ; 1835, 40,717/.
The accounts which we have of the past are vague
and imperfect ; according to the best materials to be
collected, the Civil expenditure of Lower Canada from
1794 to 1826 was:—
1794 £23768
1804 £39364
1814£186106
1795
26276
1805 42177
1815
147203
1796
27225
1806 42862
1816*
88745
1797
26013
1807 51497
1821
79901
1798
23343
1808 53104
1822
58294
1799
28967
1809 50067
1823
101062
1800
12105
1810 59560
1825
64194
1801
39707
1811 60042
1826
71098
1802
43390
1812 114983
1803
44708
1813 207712
• I
can find
no return from
816 to
1821.
The increase in 1812 to 1815 was owing to the
American war.
An annual sum is voted, in the British Parliamen-
tary estimates for the Indians, which is thus
divided between Upper and Lower Canada, for 1835.
According to the Parliamentary estimates, the ex-
pense of the Indian establishment for Lower Canada,
for the year ending 31st March, 1835, is 1,813/.;
namely, secretary, 239/, ; superintendants, 239/. ;
interpreter, Quebec, 107/.; do. do., 102/. ; missionary,
75/.; do. do., 50/.; schoolmaster, 20/.; a supcrin-
tendant at Montreal, 231/.; three interpreters, 102/.
each ; a resident, 131/. ; two missionaries, 50/. each;
and one at 45/. There is nearly a similar establish-
ment from Dpper Canada, of which the salaries are
1,757/.; and the pensions for wounds and long ser-
vices, 572/. ; The total expense of Indian presents,
stores, &c., for the year ending April, 1835, is 15,856/.;
making a grand total, in the miscellaneous British
Parliamentary estimates, of 20,000/.
The expenditure of Great Britain on account of
Canada is thus given in the B. B. for 1836.
Expenditure incurred by Great Britain for military
protection, and in aid of the civil establishments.
Commissariat. Pay of the troops, provisions, &c.
Provisions and forage, 24,107/.; fuel and light, 1 1,430/;
miscellaneous purchases, 4,370/.; transports, 3,736/. ;
pay of assistant clerks, issuers, &c., commissariat,
2,950/.; military allowance to commissariat and ordi-
nance department, 3,273/.; local services, including
6,250/., being the amount of salaries to the Ecclesi-
astical Establishment of Lower Canada, 7,541/. ; In-
dian department, 17.880/. ; contingencies, 4,039/. ;
ordnance department, (exclusive of the pay of mili-
I.OWF.R CANADA.— (.OMMI'.RCF.
!»•,!>
rought by persons wlm
(litiire is collected from
)imts vary so much in
)und difficult to pre.
and the stoppaRt of
of Assembly, has made
1834
1835
I836t
£
£
£
10032
1793
7605
694
219
l.'^94
1233
—
5490
2720
—
721)7
790
405
73f,
4126
03
97 IJ
22107
23229
3lH6fi
358
466
658
506
2111
2690
10278
2295
3239
4265
1610
6fi4C
18000
13923
2340
4088
2915
2701
370
1020
5124
134
1304
267
4139
2729
1807
2826
690
922
10189
12054
9473
J6920-
1
674;ij;
i
100114
quara
mtine st
ation ;
ibitant
s; and
1,70,5/.
;ludes
9,674/.
for the
essary supplies ; the
1 02/. ; missionary,
, 20/. ; a siiperin-
interpreters, 102/.
ionaries, 50/. each;
similar establish-
h the salaries are
unds and long ser-
of Indian presents,
1,1835, is 15.85G/,;
cellaneous British
in on account of
or 1836.
ritain for military
tablishments.
provisions, &c.
ind light, 11,430/;
insports, 3,736/. ;
pc, commissariat,
lissariat and ordi-
Irvices, including
Is to the Ecclesi-
|da, 7,54 li. ; In-
encies, 4,039/. ;
the pay of mili-
tary and civil officers drawn through agents ut home,)
.',7,72.5/. ;
Ordiwirii's of llw Army. — Re):imrntal and staff pay,
('(iiiimand money, Stc, excliisivf of pay of rei;'inentnl
(iHicrs drawn through agents iit hon\e, 44,936/.;
half pay and pensions, 19,7'''7/. ; Chelsea pensions,
16,430/.; Total, 7l,l3.t. Pay, hall pay, |)ensions, &c.,
commissairat, 9,082 ; imprests to Royal Navy, Imlf
pay, pensions, Sec., 5,041/.; Total expenditure incur-
red hv (ircat Hritnin, 222,312/.
A.N.H. The dill'crcnce between this amount and
the total of oKlnaiice, arises from the circumstance
of the former being the sum actually paiil in 1H36, on
account of ordnance stores, and the latter the value
of stores insufil in the same year.
Ofdivmcf fxpi'iiditiire in Cuwtda in 1836. — Mili-
tary works, stores, barracks, &c. Artillery depart-
ment, staff pay, 47/. ; subsistence Royal Artillery,
8,475/. ; incidents, 24h/. ; total, 8,770/. Kngineer
department, ordnance works, Ike, 26,143/. ; barracks,
commissariat, and miscellaneous, 4,138/. ; total,
30,281/. Store keeper's department, expenditure
thereof, 4,280/. ; ordnance, civil jiensions, 562/. ;
Ikrrack department, pay of barrack sergeants, 2,231/ ;
contingencies, 1259/; total, 3,490/. Stores issued from
the store keeper's charge, ordnance, 1,258/.; barrack,
2,980/.; total, 4,239/. Total sterling, 51,624/.
I The source where the civil expemliliire is derived
is thus shewn ; —
l.owerC'nnadacivil nndjudJcialcxpeiiditure in IH.'tO
fB. B.J Colonial OHice. Civil establishiiieiit, paid
, by Cireat Britain .'■>40/, ; by the Colony 25,H22/. Ju^
I dieial do., by (ireat Britain, nothing; by the Colony,
I 13,8.54/. I'xclesiastital, by Great Britain, 0,470/.;
I by the Cohmy, 21)0/. Pensions by the Colony, 2,252/ ,
divided among 53 persons.
The salaries of the principal functionaries in Lower
Canada are as follows : — Lower Canada salaries. Sa-
I lary of governor 4,500/.; Castle of St. Lewis, civil
secretary to ditto, 500/. ; members of executive coun-
cil have 100/. a year each; The register and clerk,
550/. and fees; clerk of Legislation Council, 450/. ;
S))eaker of the I louse of Assembly, 900/ ; clerk of do.
450/.; collector of customs, 1,000/.; post-master-
gencral, 500/. ; receiver-general, 1,000/. ; cost of
crown lands, 500/.; chief justice of the peace, 1,500/,;
three puisne judges, 900/. each. (Jurbec district. —
Cbiefjustice of Montreal, 1,100/, ; three jiuisne judges,
900/. each ; resident judge. Three Rivers, ;H)0/. ; judge
of Infr. District, Gaspe, 500/. ; ditto of St. Francis,
500/. ; Attorney - General, 300/. ; Solicitor ditto,
200/. ; clerk of the peace, 990/. Lord Bishop of
Quebec, 2,400/. ; house, 400/. ; total, 2,800/. ; Ro-
man Catholic Biahop, 1,000/.
XII. Quebec and Montreal are the shipping ports of Upper as well as Lower Canada ; it will be necessary,
therefore, to give in this chapter a statement of the maritime trade of the two Canadas. The following brief
table sufficiently shows the rapid
COMMERCIAL GROWTH OF QUEBEC.
ARRIVALS.
EX P R1
S.
EximrtB I'riim
.V. York.
T:,V. "t--
Men.
Emi-
Flour
Wheat
Ashes
Bbls.
Pork.
Pork.
Beef
Ashos
Bbls.
Years.
grants.
Bbls.
Qrs.
Pots.
Pearls.
bbls.
ibbU.
bbls.
Pots.
PearU
1-93....
10916
60887
1796....
4332
396
1800....
64
U293
781
20271
27141
1802....
1(11
21264
1151
28301
126254
180.').. ..
fiq
15076
-31
1 8.190
2752
IWIO....
661
1.4)893
6578
12519
21363
1815....
an
37382
1847
1920
18iiO. ...
.596
149661
6746
45369
39881
1823....
569
132634
5130
46346
588
38341
16729
3290
983
182;....
7589
8:17
12716
5719
1828. . . .
183481
8222
12000
12153
131.12
17407
f'798
1829. .
900
236563
10665
16945
23692
5058
23492
9.V17
10941
1361
7194
21242
6959
1830....
896
227275
10327
28075
71822
737t)2
29183
13034
11197
1174
19613
4isa
Value of the Imports of Lower Canada. [B. B.]
PORTS.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
Quebec
Montreal . . . .
St. John's . . . .
('oteau du Lac . .
Slanstead . . . .
Nouvelle
Beame
£.
855023
*
152590
676971
1285
300
£.
312002
15554
277064
625764
2090
1432
£.
347072
335539
818053
3648
£.
392136
347298
947853
7146
9191
£.
283117
969405
225917
741360
7140
7480
£.
327982
1207608
220805
810284
2479
6409
£.
310475
061703
221489
739 M 7
4243
3373
224135
1160101
190794
6229(15
4297
1095
£.
289770
1446239
130734
716124
5752
46
Total . .
1686166
1233907
1504914
170.'1626
2234428
,2575568
1940802
2210049
2588668
No Returns.
170
I.OWKK CANAPA.— COMMKRCE AND SlIII'lMNd.
Valuo of the F.xporti uf Lower Canada. [D. B.J
PORTS.
\»'iH.
IH29.
18.10.
Ifi.Tl.
iH.ia.
IRM.'l.
1834.
IH3,'i.
lH3f,.
(JiipI)cc .
Montrciil ,
St. .iDhti'ii . .
.
•
f)0781
£.
s7(i70M
47.M
£.
'j,''.7:u):i
U'l.'i.lO
4H570
£.
iiiNr)2i
76;»:«ii
£.
.ir.!i;if.;«
104'J!»1
£.
720MflO
ainu2:<
tO.MU
£.
yi 77(11
I'joiyi
43f.57
£.
7'^'J.'m1
22!»742
69885
f.
!'(•..^f,.•^7
Nonvcllc
■
Nil.
Nil.
..
I5r>2
43CH
5007
I04H
1935
9N'f7
Cotcoii (III l.ftc
•
i.')Oiyo
Iir. 1.131
• •
• •
• •
••
••
• •
Totnl .
1
14471- >
1155404
ii<j55ir)
1170522
117C.U2.^
11. lacf.j
1091114
132171 1
• No Return*.
(Jurl)r(' nnri Muntrriil nrc tlir tvvf) priiH-ipnl ports, niul their trade, n» collated from the Blue Books, in as
lolluwH (ill 18.'U, Miintiial llrst luciuiii' a port of entry) ; —
I.MPOKTS AND .SHIl'PINd OV QI'EHEC. [U. B.]
Yoari
IH2H
IH29
1H30
Itl3l
1H32
IN33
INHt
I83S
1836
Great Britain.
Val.f
No.! Tons,
HO'JIOI
9ll3i)(il
W(iMU3|
414191
6:i!m7
4(i92l
S3l(tn
I!lb64sl
.1.11 nil 009
70 1 ^078(1.1
(Hill I9'.'70
HOJ 23l90h
VVOHl
liKlim
Val. £
131730
l,tl309
I IlKlHN
^:>^ aiiiiHihiijo.iiM;
(lll.t 20(I|N2
H.'iH 'J.Vijtl'J
81191277 1 Jl
680,291233
H(l7fi7
97ll'l
HII34 I
633(JU
North Amvrlca.
Val.;t
No.
TonH.
..
142
i7:t7H
71130
I«7
220S7
770Hrt
203
2.19)'!
1 10210
207
2411.'.
.M497
LIH
21K2(|
(lH37rt
20li
2llo.'7
(I2,V.'7
lllfi 271)74
fi'.'l73
IHti 2II.1H
(12722
147
18S38
United Htatos.
KorciKn States.
I'otal.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
.104.1
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. .iff
No.
Tons.
11
II
3049
..
7\>-
183181 '
1II0H2 9
2271
14039
20
4342
312002
900
23(15(11
4li33l 12
3234
1(1774
17
a,iSH
347(172
H9(S
223005
3914 4
H22
,12,114
14
3(178
392 1311
1027
2(13523
HI 22 Hi
R323
4H743
IH
4945
283117 1 947
2OI9I5
IIJI2 29
)l!)l'l
84 (fill
II
3(1 19
3279'(2 1 941
24(i07l
13H43| 20
n-i'm
HI04I
17
4874 31017.1 1091
29tl550
13294 24
(1.107
430A
M
(17001 22113.1 1105
111490
12773
SU
19019
2lil6
42
10959
289770
114(1
31420(1
1 3'i
lo.-i(i7
111327
II9K8
mil
1087(1
12H2H
I34J.-.
1 n M
From Elsewhere, In 1829, 4,768/.) 1830, I4,47W. 1 IR31, 1 1,88(1/. ) 1832, 8,763/.! 18.33, 10,174/. 1 1834, a,488/. 1 IM3.^,
4,831/.! lH3(i, 7'-'l/.
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF QUEllEC. [B. H.]
IH38 I
1829 I
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1833
1836
724831
793744
7932(is
587524
892730
78(i063
644392
76398 1
616
761
70;
808
862
779
949
94fi
1024
I
176(81
221024
207412
237(l8(i
2l8.1fi9
232273
283124
3I)()097
133297
.. 1 ..
143
14001
3
6«9
,.
7HI95I (14025
154
15292
son
5
7(19
I(i(i8
72224 89299
187
17120
455
4
432
717
63 178 (iOhllll
179
172H3
1232
2
158
1166
43824' 57301
103
79->fl
1711
3
331
1236
3213IM 92890
185
14917
149
1
130
38834; 79839
135
8933
369
1
56
12297
383191 9H720
161
10443
1821
3880jl594l3
.7;
11578
*
«
*
1223
103
311
251
431
372
2837
147
3
3
3
I
4
8
1 { igg
763
19119!) 1
870708
922
240399
937303
900
2255 IS
922889
992
255858 ;
651.199
1006
262847
720880
969
2(8933
917764
1124
2998860
789551
1144
31,1974
905637
1226
348393
1
Hill
10719
lOOMI
ll.'iOl
1 I HM
1 119 1 II
121107
13(1 1 I
1181)9
To Elsewhere, in 1829, 1,491/.! 1830,834/.: 1831,942/.! 1833, 2,939/. 1 1834, .339/.! 183S, 3,680/.| 1836,330/.
• No Returns.
IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OF MONTREAL.
[B.
B.l
Years.
Great Britain.
Indies North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.jf
No.
Tons,
Val.j*' VbI.£
No.
Tons.
Val..f
No.
Tons.
Val..*
No. Tons,
Val. te \ No.
Tons,
Men,
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
10(101 93
625943
1110031
1391834
105
'11
^3
25709
283fi2
1 8576
19984
19410
3907
9327
6692
43548
18289
43730
27963
5
10
13
27
23
731
1173
1298
2324
2392
1 380
1122
1455
5877
i
155
86731
"665
20343
7
8
3
3
a
993
1219
383
210
487
9694031 117
291433 135
6(1 1703. 89
1166161. 108
1446239! 98
1
27453
30754
20259
22873
22289
1381
1519
1018
1134
1082
From Elsewhere, in 1833, 11,848/, ; 1834,6,818/.; 18,33,3,584/,
1831
1832
1833
1834
1833
1836
191 '■.•6
331319
176.154
190096
220731
49:
100
120;
^*\
69
68
107SO
, ,
1306 3
150
23899
,. 1 16
3844
28694
, ,
14404' 13
2060
18996
4623
10014 16
1,161
17893
3822
2206 1 1 28
2767
18444
28922 31
3457
I67R 2208
121
263
195732
369363
343923
190191
2I899I
249674
52
10906
117
27861
135
3075 1
93
2113(1
106
22601
i)9
22701
357
1324
152
1071
1103
1099
ih;i,').
lH;tr,.
£.
7M'jrMi
'j-ji'.nv2
l'J3j
1".
!'C.Af.37
i.'i;ir.7i
'.•cr.yr,
'JN-17
lO'JllU
1321711
10 Blue Books, in i^
Total.
No.
Tons,
"It-
IH.1IHI
IMIli
a;i(l.'>(l,i
H!)(S
■J'.'IIIMIA
1127
•MVmxi
ut;
•26\Ul!i
[1*1
24(iii;i
oin
•iOi\!,-,()
KW
11141)0
uti
■juioa
IMII
iiiM;(i
1 2H2H
i:ii'j.->
ItllA
llnvinK imw ili'inonsfrntcd flu- umimnl of shipjiina
■nil till* rri/«'' of tilt* triulo At Cuiinila, 1 iinicci'd to
!;lvi> the |iriiici|iul artielcx of iinport iind export for u
I.OWKR CANADA.— IMPORTS AM) KXTOHTS. 171
nerien of years, in iiminttlift, iind not neeonling to
values.
Prineipnl Imports nt Quebec from lHa7 to 1833.
1827.
1N2H.
1829.
IH30.
frtltons.
gallons.
gallons.
Knilons.
lOdAI
198 17
l.M.M
16160
.M8fl7
fi.523r.
39394
41809
3.1036
106453
24.190
66781
10292
?r-'70
1971
2092
H.n.').'>
31801
17991
1.12019
317.')!)
26215
.'i.'il'.'L'
.')8366
fi!)02<;
12939.')
8r6()7
81621)
()02{I4
90:.41
13H72
67121
9.VUf.3
«35;VJ7
11331.18
1449768
4H779
73279
901.19
869.17
Ihs.
lbs.
lbs.
IbH.
4.').Mi,'):.
6413:>9
629313
.161969
2H9174H
2187617
47.39001
4401 1!)0
1.59111
2l4.'i96
70467
211128
88289
62006
8.',.V1.')
.1.1187
26118
29324
16H19
, ,
10.14,'i,')9
66014.')
12314
730.13
190824
181160
433607
24.1866
mw, Madtira .
Purt , ,
Ten.-riffc .
Fnyal
Sieilmn nml -tpHnisIt
Other kinds .
Brandy . . . .
Gin
Rum
Molaflses . . . .
lletlned Siif;nr .
Museoviuio ditto
Coffee . . . .
LeafTobneeo
Manufactured ditto .
Tea . . . . .
Salt
Merchandize paying 2i percent, duty CIH27), 724,302/.; (1828), 933,021/.; (1829), 811,403/.
1,183,98.1/.; (1831), 1,317,9.10/.; (18:i2), 1,327,369/. currency.
18.11.
I8;i2.
gallons.
isiillonx.
;t2699
22327
,1.-)619
79.1'.»2
29049
91227
XVI
110
16.M72
|:U718
66011
r,j:i76
6421.1
I8;(fii;i
73114
60.'.2O
1428283
I099.''>78
192166
127143
lbs.
IbK.
10s|,mn;»
|6-,r.348
.'■.936196
.17 77961
119464
174901
119622
12.1774
, ,
117109
.187174
98;t2;-)6
284040
287436
(1830),
34, 8,488/. I 183.%
The export column for 1832 is extremely delVetive.
During the panic CDnsefjuent upon the prevalence of
cholera, several cargoes were left out of the Commercial
T.i.it, and never subsc(iuently supplied. The list gives
only 24,000 barrels of oshes exported, whilst the
inspector's store ac -ount gives 31, .176 as shipped.
rfi;i
[122
Min<
Ml
Kll)
.'I
II
2(i
loiino
22.1 .'lilt
2,'..'iH.'iH
2(1-'HI7
2lKi):i;)
I 2!li|HH(ill
Mi.iorj
:ilH;njlt
8r,4.i
1071(1
loo^o
II.VII
1Ih:12
I oil 10
121)07
nfiii
lluUl)
Principal Exports from Quebec, 1827 to 1833.
I 183S, 220/.
Total.
Wo.
Tons.
Men.
|l7
274.13
i:i)4i
■ as
307.14
1.1 111
■ k<J '2025!)
lOIS
■ oS' 22H7:l
IIMI
■UH
222811
I0»2
logofi
27H()I
.•107.1 1
2ll3li
22fiOI
22701
.157
1.124
1.12
10,-1
110:1
I OHO
Ashes, Pearl
Pot
Flour . . . .
Biscuit . . . .
Wheat . • . .
Indian Corn and Meal
Peas . . . . .
Flax Seed . . . .
Beef
Pork
Butter . . . .
Cod Fish . . . .
Salmon . . . .
Staves, Std. Hhds. and Bis.
Oak
Pine
Deals, Boards and Planks .
F,lm, Ash, Maple, &c..
— ■
_ —
* '" "'— " — ~~* "
■ ■
■
,^_ __
1827.
1828.
1829.
18:50.
1831.
18:!2.
1833.
9409
10455
9548
50917
19747
13934
132M0
17894
22399
23993
134.106
30512
26.344
22499
54003
.•55713
25689
71976
81057
51170
90193
3726
20.14
1830
7445
7210
.^489
, ,
391420
120112
40462
590101
1329269
657240
551672
2345
1144
4315
2422
728
i;r><)
1 No 1
1 returns"
31830
21164
12971
17769
7121
366
1421
14.-.4
418;i
895
70
5003
5793
7208
4393
5415
5125
6298
7007
12810
11622
11800
8461
8187
11163
74835
74211
142688
152269
35026
15700
. ,
10241
1 1333
61684
77441
45367
24404
. ,
642
487
1092
360
688
59 1
. .
5376.148
4111786
7680442
4550942
5551907
4933275
4553749
21736
24695
26460
13213
186.14
208041
, ,
86090
110779
183942
160919
194408
194276
, ,
1621648
1518106
1365529
1816714
1862238
1863488
2048262
10601
10265
182196
12145
13980
20995
••
bris.
do.
do.
cwt.
ints.
bils.
ints.
do.
brls.
do.
lbs.
cwt.
brls.
pes.
tons.
do.
pes.
tons.
The duties collected at the Port of Quebec were, in
1833, 106,118/.; in 1834, 98,203/.; in 1835, 68,026/.
At Montreal, in 1833, .12,680/.; in 1834, 81,681/.
As the timber (lumber) trade of this colony is
rightly considered an object of great importance, I
give the —
!!]
M
I
172
LOWER CANADA— MONLTARY SYSTKM.
Estliiintvd Stock of I.iiiiilier at Quelioc, at tlie close of tlit Sliipping Season, since 1848,
Square Timber.— Kcet.
nci\is.
Stanilnril pieces.
Staves.
-MilU
•
Pine.
a
6
"a.
i
w.o.
R.O.
Masts
Spars.
,
2
^
.
•o
V
a
I
■0
e
■s
a
g,
s
I
Puncheons.
1
No.
No.
>•
O
tf
M
<
iS
xn
B.
1/1
433
»
18-28
fid-iono
8'_>:>;!f)l
;tfiofi28
:il6(il
ll'26l
40(.o'-i nil 1
fisim /kinds. \
72342
448
182!)
3i7ni'i
34(1806
:iip»(Hi
:i'2H77
23fl!)5
11410
711
347
121
37
ih:iu
■(845;)6
8!).'. 18'.'
1701!)77
7:19:'!
!) 171)8
4!)li3:l K()4()4
113087
1617
-17
25:1
22 s
ih;<i
n;si!)r
HJSi.Clfl
17fi<!»7'
-ifiiK):)
30:184
uyyoi •2i8'2.''.5
372728
10,'>4
797
38
8:17
I8:w
nsiiKio
irO-TOd
lL'0l77fi
jn-2itii
787«
finys 43.'j40
3142-28
444
.'SAO
2,5
643
1 8:i:i
sfiii7io
KKIUfifi
7.'i 1:170
•JM47S
82fir)
•23,1(i 747y3
38fiU,'il
394
40,S
147
'295
I8:u'
:innA(i8
:i»7;77
fiii(ii4
4S'2r>n
Rfl8'2
631-2 72701
13-2921
my
885
421
87
91
92n
18:t-)«
KH-KiHli
I8S710:.
lillfifioi
.■.4i:i4H
'.'3(l()7<)
7fi4.'i'2 2-2-2802
45:1717
'2.'i70
709
934
671
310
I6iiy
IHUfi-
:!I7M19
ai7;tnii;i
I70(>2.-.1
Whw^x
14')7()H
3I7.'>1| 75716
177684
168,1
117
680
86-2
152
IHl
1837»
(io(i0^4
300:17111
:ioo:t5ll
:ifl8(i47
U!)03y
11764
12880U
5!)13SU
1614
9«9
198
1483
6y
163
* These years arc taken from the Quebec Gazette, 2"th December, ir,37.
XIIL English weights, viz, lb., troy, and avoirdu-
l)ois. The standard wine gallon is the licjuid measure
of the province; the Canada mbwl for all grain, &c.,
except where specially a^rci.d on to the contrary ; the
minot is an eighth larger than the Winchester bushel.
The Paris foot for all nicasures of land granted pre-
En<rli!th.
Chains. Links.
rums to the conquest ; the Engli.sh for all sinci' that
era. The arpent is for all other measures English,
unless it may he otherwise agreed on.
The following is a table of English and Frencli
superficial measure used in Canada.
Dimensions of a Lot Linear
{2
H 18
8 ■^'70
French.
Arpens. Perches,
2.'i I 1
t» 8
Feet,
3
1>
Dimensions of a Lot Linear
210 acrcb.
10 deduct ;
247
> per cent. 1 1
40
78
200 acres.
Grantable 23'>
r.2
■ 80 80
'20 00
is Linear 27
is do, 8
7
9
4
210 acres
10, deduct
is 247
5 per cent, is 1 1
45
78
200 acres.
Grantable is 235
(kH Medium
For rough calculations
Linear measure ■
100 acres superficial
1 acres is
17 50 is
81 45 is
80 00 is English mile,
118 arpens,
1 1 arpens, 8 tenths,
6
28 arpens.
27 5
2 9I3 is 180 French feet, or 1
Accounts are kept in Halifax currency, by which a
guinea (weighing 5 dwts. and fi grs.) is equal to
23*. 4d. currency ; a sovereign to 22s. 3('. a Joannes
(a gold coin, weighing 18 dwts.) to 4/.; a moidore
(weighing fi dwts. and 18 grs,) to 21. ; and an eagle
(weighing 11 dwts, and 6 grs,) to 50«, The gold
Spanisli and French coins are — a doubloon (17 dwts.)
3/, 14*. fi(/. ; Louis-d'or, coined before 1793, {5 dwts.
4 grs.) 1/. 2s. Hd.; the pistole, ditto (4 dwts. 4 grs,),
18.'J, ?,d.; the forty-franc piece, coined since 1792
f) grs,) 1/. Ifi.s'. 2d.\ the twenty-franc jiiece
3 grs.), lH,s', 4(i, In diver coins the crown is
5,«, 6d. ; Spanish and American dollar to ,5«. ;
shilling, li'. Id.; pistareen, lOiZ. ; French
(8 dwts.
(4 dwts.
etpial to
English
crown, coined before 1793, 5s. Cd.; French piece of
six francs, 5.*. ChI. ; five-franc piece, 4s. 8rf. ; American
dollar, 5.'!, ; and so on. The coins in most general
circulation are dollars of various denominations, the
weight and pure metal of which will be found in the
Appendix.
The rates of exchange during the year 183fi, for
bills on His Majesty's Treasury, were from 4s. to
4s. l^l. ])er Spanish or American dollar.
Accounts kept in £. s. d. To change Halifax cur-
rency (4 dollars=:U. currency) into British sterling,
deduct one-tenth. To change British sterling into
Halifax currency, add one-ninth.
According to the report of the House of Assembly
in 1H3(), the basis of the metallic circulation was then
in dollars and half dollars, valued as follows : —
l.OWKR CANADA.— HANKIN(;, «cc.
I?3
e IH28.
Pine.
Masts
Spars.
_;
<u
^
No.
No.
(0
'37
2-25
b:i;
Iil3
2«5
H7
!ii pan
i;i
:ni) KiiKj
i&2
IS2 IHI
I8U
fiy
ifia
isli for all siiicr tliat
r measures Englisli,
1 on.
English and Frencli
la.
ls,8d.; American
in most geneinl
nominations, the
be found in the
year 1836, for
'ere from 4s, to
lar.
nge Halifax ciir-
British sterling,
sh sterling into
use of Assembly
jlation was then
oUows : —
Dollnrs ....
Half ditto . . .
liasis of circulation
l''rencb crowns
Ditto half ditto .
Pistareens . . .
Five-franc jjieces .
Quarter dollars .
Kiglitli of ditto .
Shillings . . .
Smidl chan[;^
Total . .
Public Quebec
Chest. I IJnnk.
Montreal
Hank.
£.
444.'>2
572Hfi
11976
3S7f)
OiiO.')
370!»
.'•>71
83623
£.
4132
43.')4
81H7
h;.v)
3.')7
H6.')
21
417
"27
11H24
f.
2140
2221')
37097
Total.
£.
.')0725
39103
I The Blue Book for 183C gives the following account
! of the paper circulation in 1836 : —
Amount of Quebec Hank notes in circula-
tion £.''.8,ir)0
Ditto Montreal ditto 191,071
Ditto City Hank Montreal ditto 94,7.') 1
243. '•>.')
90128
3976
17602
5684
9917
1129
8199
I8H
;09
1733
.')-i.'i9
, .
571
27
32
32
132,'J44
Since the foregoing statement was jirepared, a con-
sidendilc jiortion of Britisli coins have i)oured into
the colony, by means of the emigrants. The metallic
circulation may be, therefore, estimated at about
yriO.OOO/. sterling ; this sum being independent of a
balance of from 100,000/. to l.'-)0,000i. sterling in the
military chest.
We come now to the iiapcr circulation. There are
no notes issued by the government, or on the credit
of the colony, nor have the government any .'slinre in '
the private banks, which exist to the number of three I
— viz. the Quebec, Montreal, and City banks, which 1
are authorized by charter to issue notes from one
dollar in value to any amount, payable on demand in
specie, and subject to the proviso of having cash in
their vaults to the extent of one-third of their circu-
lation : a full account of each bank is recinired to be
printed and laid before the Legislature annually.
Total sterling £343,972
The above mentioned are the only banks at present
established by Act of I'arliament in Lower Canada,
and their notes are the chief circulating medium.
There is also another bank, called the " Banque du
Peuple," which is not nicorporateu either by act or
charter.
The following abstracts from the books of the dif-
ferent banks, exhibit a general statement of their
affairs : —
General State of the Funds of the Quebec Bank, 2"th
October, leny.
Dr.
Capital stock <75,on(l
Hank notes in clrcu-
lation 76,7.\i
Depdsits 4-i,iyM\
Diviilcnd iinimiil. , .. M
Duo to otht r hunks 3,38!)
Credit of profit and
loss 3,:i;5
Cr.
Cash in specie j^39,75:i
Notes discounted . . H(),02"
Real estate 3,72,^
MortpaKCsandoblip-
ntions secured on
real estate and
pledge of bank
stock 11,979
Total ;<:'201 ,4S5
Total .*2(il,lS5
SliilliuBS excepted.
The shares of the Quebec Bank are in number
3,000, divided among 76 stockholders, who each hold
a greater or lesser number of shares. The Fire In-
ouiance Comjjariy hold .'■)00 ; Savings' Bank, 221 ;
Col. Fitzgerald, 224; .lean Fortier, 200; L H. Hart,
110; and the remainder are in small numbers from
,1 to ."iO.
MoNTRKAi. Bank — 18th January, 1834.
Dr.
Capita; stock paid in . . . . £250,000
Hill?' in circulation .... 190,297
Nett profits on hand .... 37,172
15alances due to other banks for notes col-
lected on their account . . . 16,960
Amount of dividend owing to the stock-
holders 592
Cash deposits bearing interest . . Nil.
Balances due to foreign agents in Exchange
transactions . . . . . 6,617
Cash deposited, including all sums whatso-
ever due from the bank not bearing inte-
rest, its bills in circulation, profits, and
balances owing to other banks and agents
excepted 184,882
Drafts on the banks accepted by the cashier,
outstanding 100
Cr.
Gold and silver and other coined metals in its
banking houses .....
Real estate, bank buildings, and furniture
therein, estimated ....
Bills and checks of other banks incorporated
in these provinces ....
Bills of other banks incorporated elsewhere
Balances due from other banks and bankers
Amount of all debts due, including notes,
bills of exchange, and all stock and funded
debts of every description, except the
balances due from other banks and agents,
viz. : —
Bonds and obligations . . £3,835
Bills of exchange . . . 13,474
Notes discounted . . . 566,253
£73,860
7,500
4,688
Nil.
17002
£686,624
Amount of last semi-annual division at 4 per cent
Amount of reserved profits at time of declaring the same
Amount of debts owing to the banks, secured by pledge of its stock . . . .
Amount of debt unpaid and over due £1,153, of which the sum is considered doubtful.
583,563
£686,624
10,000
29,676
1,765
The number of shares in the Montreal Bank is 5,000, divided among 173 stockholders; the greater
number being in small shares of from 10 to 50 each. The largest holders are — one of 254 shares, one of 195,
one of 190, one of 183, one of 165, one of 136, one of 121 (the Saving's Bank), and seven of 100 shares each.
174
LOWER CANADA.— BANKING, &c.
Amount.
One.
Two. 1 Four.
Five.
Ten.
Twen-
ty.
Fifty.
Hun.
drcd.
Balance of note account, as per '
statement, dated 1 st November, •
1832 .....
This amount in old notes can-'
celled .... J
381500
7750
92873
7025
66966 1065
1
1025J 15
43281
1321
43281
768
2637
84
3368
54
1 998
^^■>
3737.50
85848
65941 1050
86916: 42513
2553
3314
1966
On hand.
At Quebec, as per statement, Istl
December, 1832 . . J
Ditto, Kingston, ditto
Ditto, Montreal, in Teller's hands 1
ditto .... J
Ditto, Cashier's chest ditto
36708
13893
1 7446
40000
2072
2392
3785
3600
3468
2924
6338
4000
i
1
1 ••
47
129
600
8077
7937
5732
11800
6065
461
711
8600
462
40
67
300
335
33
248
300
108
4
30(1
Actual circulation 1 st December, "1
1832 . . . . ]•
108048
265701
11849
73999
16930 776 1 33.546
48711 274 ! .53370
1 1
15837 869
31776, 1684
)
916
2398
43;-^
1531
373749 1
1
85848
65441
1050
86916
46613
2553
3314
1960
Recapitulation.— 1^,999 of 1 D. 73,999 ; 48,711 of 2 D. 97,422 ; 274 of 4 D. 1,096—172,517 under :,
dollars. 53,370 of 5 D. 266,850; 31,676 of 10 D. 316,760; 1,684 of 20 D. 33,680; 2,398 of 50 D. 1 19,900;
1,.531 of 100 D. 153,100—890,290 of 5 D. and upwards. D. 1,062,107—265,701/. 15s.
Abstract of the books of the City Bank (Montreal), exhibiting a general statement of the aS'airs of thiu
Institution, on the 15th January.
CITY BANK.
Dr.
Capital stock paid in
Bills in circulation
Nett profits on hand
Balance due to Montreal Bank
Cash deposited, including all sums whatso-
ever due from the bank, not bearing inte-
rest, its bills in circulation, profits and
balance owing to Montreal Bank excepted
£84,121
34,235
1,866
3,583
12,937
Cr.
Gold and silver and other coined metals in
the bank
Bills and checks of other banks incorporated
in these provinces ....
Balances due from foreign agents on ex-
change transactions ....
Balances due from other banks and bankers
Amount of all debts due, including notes,
bills of exchange, and all stock and funded
debt of every description, except the
balances due from all other banks and
bankers, viz. : —
Bills of exchange . . . 1,213
Notes discounted . . . 87,231
£15,244
.5,77:'
M
27,234
£136,744
Amount of debt owing to the bank, and secured by a pledge of its stock
Amount of debt unpaid and over due ......
Of which is considered doubtful
88,4 1,^
£136,744
£25
47
Nil.
Cash in the Quebec and Montreal Banks rioni 1821 to 1834 :
Montreal Bank.
Quebec Bank.
Year.
Mi.
Year.
£.
Year.
.<.
Year.
£.
1821.
.71024
1828.
02104
1821.
1828.
.16444
1822.
.1)0828
1829.
63537
1 1S22.
1820.
15040
1823.
.76453
1830.
70543
[ 1823.
01 00
1830.
. l!Ki83
1824.
. 00232
1831.
112646
1824.
12.047
1831.
15830
1829.
.82983
1832.
77226
182.1.
16200
1832.
. 14.3.16
182U.
. 86540
18.13.
1826.
14258
1833.
1827.
. 68fi«J0
18.34.
7;t860
1827.
151 II
1834.
21011
The cash in the City Bunk in its vaults (which is a
new establtshmcnt), amounted in 1834, to 15,244/. ;
Montreal Bank, ditto, 73,860/. ; and Quebec Bank,
21,01 1/ ; making a total metallic money, belonging to
private individuals, of 110,115/.
The Paper Currency in circulation was, in 1825 —
Quebec Bank .
Montreal ditto
Canada, (now City)
1825.
1834.
I <:■
£.
28393: 46752 58|.-i()
88545 190297il9107l
8432, .342351 94751
1836.
.125370 271284 343972
LOWER CANADA.— BANKING, STAPLE PRODUCTS.
175
Ven-
ty.
Fifty.
Hum.
<iriil.
2C37
3368
1998
84
54
:<L>
2.'J5:{
3314
i9nr,
462
335
lOS
40
33
4
67
248
2;!
;uio
300
300
8C9
916
43.^
1684
2398
1531
25.=)3
3314
I96G
J6— 1
98 of
72.,'il7 t
50D. 1
indfi- :",
9,900 ;
)f the aifairs of that
There are several smaller hanks, viz. the " Banque
du l'eui)le," which is a Societi' en Commandite. The
" Conunercial Bank" (Mills and Co.), a private esta-
hlisbincnt. " St. Hyacynthe Bank," like the " Banque
du Feuple." The " Bank of Britisli North America,"
whose head-quarters is in London, applies to all the
North American Colonies. (See Apjwndix.'}
The following is a statement of the amount of
stock in the puhlic undertakings of the district of
Montreal, held hy the inhabitants of the two races
composing the population of Lower Canada.
This statement has been drawn up by the Constitu-
tional Association at Montreal, in order to show the
comparative enterprize of the British and French
descended population : the former carry on 19-20ths j
of the maritime commerce of the Province.
Capital. Shares
}
d metals in
,
£15,244
corporated
5,772
Its on ex-
.
' / (
d bankers
27,234 ;
ing notes,
nd funded
<cept the
)anks and
1,213
87,231
1
£1:^6,744 fl
,
£25 m
,
m
•
Nil. ■
)ney, belonging to ^^1
1 was, in
825- ■
•
1834.
1836. K
£.
£. B
} 46752
58 1 50 |Hf
) 190297
191071 ^Hi
'
34235
■
271284
343972 ■
Hank of Montreal ....
fitv Hank
Champliii". St. I.awr.
Railroad Company
Mortical Water-works
St. Lawrence Steam- 1
boat Company /
Mimical steam tow. I
I)oat Company /
Ottawa iSi Kiclcau For- ■>
wardini; Company.. /
St. Lawrence Steam 1
hoat and Mail coach ^
Company I
Montreal Gas works. .
St. Ann Market
Steam-boats and capi-
tal invested in tlie
I'orwardinu: Esta- ,
blislimcnt on the St. ''
I.awrcnee above and
below Montreal ....
FRKN'CII rAVAniA.V
INSTITUTIONS.
Mutual Insurance Com.
Hank du People— Pec- 1
pie's Bank /
.€ No.
2.')0nnn ' .'jono
:;()onoi) I H()oo
50000
70000
Csooo
•4O20O
331 go
25000
1000
80
48
-10
1172
British.
•217400
lll'.'HOO
41)150
70000
6i6iR
3S518
32482
1000 I 25000
French.
20000 1000
tlJOOO
50000
8183!)0 18010
40000
tsoooo
938390
18010
19400
13575
50000
21)00
7200
850
3385
1682
7O8
GOO
142S
791)910 I 18150
1628 1
30000
846221
23719
50000
92169
* Present value. t Cost paid. t Supposed.
. iii ■
,-• to
I* ^^ *n
CO S "
M X M
2oo2
i.
00 — 00
.
ed
.. "•*
"
VD - CfJ
Q
Nov. 5
Nov. 2
Dec. 1
-.'ov. 1
Nov. 7
Nov. 2
■pnUBO'^I
i^ 00
t^ M
,-^53
pUB
«^
000
t~ m ■>>
•
35 i^ in
CO — TO
pojunoosiQ
t^ — -M
— I^ CO
— CO
•^ n
c .
-r n n
to in 71
-t -M
Cl CO CO
si ^
V)
00 CO '.o
1^ 3) 00
K^
!M i.-S
,
CO 'o
-< 31 Tl
•.0 T 71
-f t- 00
■^ CO ■>!
00 in -T
in <>i .-4
■*~i
■M
CO -r —
,
— 1 c»
c
35 — r-
in t^
e2
m — '
-M I^ ^
«
ri —
-M —
"^
"3
"
'
.
a
:3
^
00 in
<M in i3>
y
■~A
00 . .
•
00 W (M
in in <o
u
u
—
•~*
•* in <N
(U
e
^■0
m
to CO t^
■*j
00
,■>! »^ —1
■-A
. .
,
rr 00
sz
z
•a * ^
00 . .
3) -I
ed
I"
00 —
>o 3
.-H .-H
a,
US
a
r
No. of
Share-
holders
M . . ...
t^ i~ . . ...
.—4
"S S
000
00
rt
000
m .
CQ
d 2
000
,
-ji .
y-S.
CO 00
to t^
Si-
000
000 <2
c
m _ c
"S.-H
=^
000
ri
-t c .0 ^
in
o5 - Z 3
,<* cS
t^
00
c 00 «o tj
U a.
■N (N
m — S
•
■ • -s S
3
P3
<
. . .
•
<
■ ■ ■ 3 a<
a
<
• • •
a
<
Upper Canada* .
Commercial . ,
Government Bank
Farmers' Ditto, Tor
People's Ditto
British Ditto N.Am
CI
<
u
si
3
3
T3
a>
3
u
ec
real
Bank
w
a.
D
u a >.
aSocq
XIV. The principal exportable articles are timber
and ashes. The production of timber is very great, and
capable of being continued for many years to come :
an idea may be formed of its extent , from the fact
that the capital employed in the lumber (timber)
establishments and saw-mills in the neighbourhood of
Quebec, is 1,250,000/. ; this sum is laid out in erect-
ing saw-mills throughout the country, forming log-
ponds, building craft for the trans|)ort of deals, and
forming a secure riding for the ships in the strong
tiile-way of the St. Lawrence, while loading the tim-
bers. The lumber-trade is of the utmost valueto the
poorer inhabitants, by furnishing their only means of
supi)ort during the severity of a long winter, particu-
larly after seasons of bad crops (frequent in the lower
provinces), and by enabling young men and new sett-
lens most readily to establish themselves on the waste
lands. The American ashes contain a larger propor-
tion of pure potash than those of Dantzic or Russia.
There are manufactoiies of different articles esta-
blished at Montreal and Quebec ; soap and candles are
MOW being exported ; in 1831, soap 81,819 lbs., and
candles 31,811 lbs., almost entirely to the other
northern colonies, and the corn and flour trade of
('anada promises to be a great source of wealth to the
colonists.
A manufactory for making cloth is situated in the
township of Ascot, which keeps in constant employ-
ment 20 persons. The number of domestic looms in
the province, is supposed to be 13,500, which it is
computed, manufacture annually of coarse cloth
1,500,000 yds, tlannel 990,000 yards, linen 1,370,690
yards. The number of mills in the province is,
Carding, 90 ; Fulling, 97 ; Paper, 3 ; Grist, 395 ;
Saw, 737.
Whiskey is distilled to a considerable extent, but
there are not any means of ascertaining the (piantity.
Sugar is made in large quantities from the maple
tree, but the quantity cannot be ascertained.
Iron works are carried on to a very great extent at
St. Maurice, in the district of the Three Rivers. There
is one iron foundery in the district of Quebec, and six
in the district of Montreal.
in
1- 'n
Mi.!
ii
176
LOWER CANADA.— PRODUCE.
ARICULTURAL PRODUCE OF
CO
Produce raised during the
§
o .
S-o
iS"?
■^ c
■*-»
>-»
c
COUNTIES.
1
S's-
s
Cm
o
(A
o
1
' o
o
Urn
o
.S
•3
c
o .
e
o -a
° S
tfl
CO
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to
(/}
m C
*->
4~t
s
^2^
P.^
o
e
o
a
§
o
c
O
O o
<
<
<
S
S
s
S
■|
S
QliEDF.C DISTRICT.
I
t
1
Bcauce*
1987
186160
45217 668934
10347.i
44057
4622
393
I4i
Bellcchasse*
n?.-)
158196^'
889924 107029ii
13308 J
443655J
7028,i
401 7 i
J
Dorchester*
348
144666
513561 580,54:'f
129874
86952
2.543*
21184
'J{
Islet*
3044
4320
175976
1444 82 i
67221 172671
697231 1691605
11002
16212
73265
68391
16297
277354
8119
5742
IC.',
Katnouraska*
76
I.otbinicre*
73.)
155 738 J
4333 H 636554
10287}
660374
2695 i
2863
44 ;{
Megantic*
146.5
65357
6615
8121
397
3660
2,547
705
118
Montmorencit
7396
72077
1 7994
39693
2 186 J
38073
1474 '>
306
46
Orlearisi*
sfao
14240
8840
28489i
242344
91200
20236
709404
376644
330954
67843
185984
7402i
173.344
41804
387864
1637744
100.530
30924
2102
1502
1636*
6434
1864
Portneuf
1484
lot
Qiiehocl'
Riniouski*
Saguenayt
7.')090
221360
43477
107072
21175
30951
21103
10014
3
Total . .
127949
1686047
562768i
911887S
126821
7981331
92742^
367 14 J
481 i
MONTREAL.
Acadie*
250
717
98714^
234770
3668 U
757844:
102784
26637
31778
77241
3704
53234
2189
14220
1 236.5 i
iJeauharnois*
608604' 71255'
34053
Hcrthiert
8410
218387
IOU324, 1183714
2 7265 i
240179
14344
31103
2 1 68 i
Chambly*
211
523ij
116784 i 263164
28(125
122709
22926
717
4031;
Lacbesnayet
299
936511
60867 i 69982
23852
105745A
15812
4847
3016
l.aprarie*
238
140454
87400 198162
29080
104340
20342
694
11258
L'Assomptiout....
5008
115535
68863*: 80182
18877.^
8890
135222
15644
14557.V
3243 i
Missisquoi*
360
137533
47467
21634
31292
770
21730
53196
Montrealf
197
1055645
8390U
172276
42132
146486
32080.^
484
8926.^
Ottawat
31669
13963H
19614
20284
4975
48493
1776
3316
28817
Richelieu..*
373
165S07
661623
U5780
236 lOi
110.5434
122994
13766
' 37574
Roiiville*
429
18G106i
58920,-
18189.54
330624
79948
174754
87223
1 793.5 i
St. Hyacinthe*
477
97203
39.567
86574
C3468
2808
13908
Shcfford*
749
95765
23392
10637
1580
7751
411
11129
229H4
Terrehonnet
3169
1490424
9!»789
1275284
3C425
162521
7897
87144
8716,;
Two Mountainsf. .
1086
214439
89024
108146
375927
140573
132074
16758
21583
Vaudreuilt
330
1223673
66282J 964514
25976.^
112429
11474
3961
5901)
Verclieres*
198
118583
86725 240381
44313
114258
14870
661
7311
Stanstead*
G32
192979
57433 32865
6343
53778
1827
11585
50166
Total . .
54802
25298.54^
1 231 300 S
20989824
801717
1911861
2756514
1719623
3 1 334 1 i
THREE RIVERS.
Chapjainf
783
12199U
30906^
47201 J
92964
65073^
143 H
526
426i-
Drumtnond*
1674
72005
131633
14310
2329
7047
3694'
6839
4891
487
9810
150682
719456
53710
734674
122610
1162564
10736
181281
87178
169079
3467 1
12153
1863
2776
1121
St. Mauricef
381
Siierbrooke*
2786
1138165
411134i 23146
2411,
123981
26233
11794
10644
17244
Yamaska*
28:i
994621
4108641 60015
72160
2816.^
2793
1191
Total . .
15823i
6299024
2534474| 383544^
5.5300
426770^
2141 7;[
25441
255541
OASPE.
1
Bonavcnture* ....
4108
98364
12090
5470
432
3C00
.3400
16
256
3281
37850
6597
4872 j
488
1920
1583
302
Total . .
7389
136214
18687 1(1342 !
920
5520
1983
318
256
Oiiuul Total
2059631.
V.)81793
2066963 5,
<404756^
984758
!
31422744
.394795
234465
339631! 1
* Thus nuiikcd, iirr rir, tlir .",;, <u\v nf tlir river St. I.nwrciifp.
t riius nmrkcti arc en Ihv N. >>lilr ol the river SI, I.awniur.
LOWER CANADA.— PRODUCE.
177
i
.1
T3
C
o
.
(A
%
c
£ U
S
,'593
14i
40l7i
4
2118i
9i
8119
lOi
5742
70
28(53
44 ;i
7or.
118
30G
40
ir,3f)4
(14 3 i
UKi
18Ci
lOi
10014
3
3r)7l4i
481i
2189
1230.-,1
14220
,340.")3
31103
2 1 08 i
717
4030
4847
3010
094
1125H
ur^-uk
3243 i
21730
53190
484
8920^
33 If)
28817
137r,f)
■ 375-i
87223
179351
2808
13908
1 1 1129
229'^4
1 87 14+
8710.1
1 irj7.')8
21583
1 39()1
5900
1 MA
7311
1 1 1585
50 100
l719f.2ii
313.34 li
1 526
42Gi
1 (>839
4891
1 1803
1121
1 2770
381
Il0(i44
17244
■ 2793
1491
B5441
! 255.-.1',
1 ir,
250
■ 302
■ 3I8
'J 50
I4 105 I 33903;'.',
EACH COUNTY
IN LOWER
. CANADA.
year
1830.
1
i2
73
X
° 4)
° t
E3
<U 3
% °-
tfi
§
3
*~»
V St
£ §•
2-
1
E
t/3
to
"a
C
to
c
"5
S
C
■■H
•ii
a
2
OJ
e
B
es
JS
a.
en
Oi
i5
1 2
eg 4^
■0 3
e c
Manufactories of any
other sort, containing
any machinery.
1
.S 5
Minots of buck
wheat.
6
1.53267i
424
8071
2073
11489
5089
10
11
8
47
4
2
3
2
282906^
182i
14290
3265
20409
9843
22
12
13
38
5
7
2
132933^
86
9567
2143
13322
6879
37
2
5
38
2
2
1
2
109834
53
13761
3659
23969
9921
19
20
9
47
4
4
43
1
2
103817
11460
3778
22037
10690
10
21
8
27
1
2
2
134179
1083i
7809
2198
12890
5649
8
4
6
21
1
3
3
2
58928
1243
122
809
1047
4
2
5
6
1
49282
98
4131
822
5329
2318
4
2
4
11
2
2
2
04028
4313
759
5344
2187
4
4
7
14
3
1
227372
5817
14639
2809
15458
8020
22
9
12
44
3
3
2
2
255017
05 li
5338
2230
4906
4454
1,59
132
4
9
1
1
1
2
2
6
<>
123089
9874
2355
16420
8418
12
32
13
46
7
3
2
1095853*
8013 J
104796
26213
1,52382
74515
311
251
94
348
2
35
29
43
2
4
5
141580
4240
8192
3005
9593
6825
15
5
3
6
13
2
273992
20031
13210
3118
12746
11057
21
34
12
33
1
1
2
233
2
242783
19848
14495
6066
23497
13898
22
19
10
12
2
3
9
1
2
174C30
583:}
11560
5456
16273
8066
36
12
10
6
4
3
1
4
1
2
134493
2917i
8869
2960
12075
5875
22
11
4
6
3
2
7
2
182502
518
1,5757
6512
20733
151.59
75
27
5
4
1
2
16
1
2
244085
2552i
12123
3,543
15702
8299
27
14
17
1
2
3
2
47
2
100284
4981
12571
2657
17881
8390
11
18
15
36
7
■6
2
8
17
4
2
306341
4781
15033
6120
13710
8839
200
1.54
14
1
3
1
2
4
3
2
45
6
111927
73
3345
829
2078
3743
17
13
4
12
1
1
1
1
12
1
230226
3083
12571
4703
20161
10590
21
23
25
7
1
1
1
2
3
218734
2147
15610
5311
22678
13227
32
25
10
8
3
3
1
7
1
2
214358
2239
12600
4274
17954
10765
12
11
7
10
1
3
34
4
5
1
2
111400
971
5132
715
7373
2347
8
1
12
20
5
4
1
4
10
2
1
273209
91234
13716
4821
20268
9329
27
32
13
4
4
4
4
20
2
2
288811
4130i
17780
5146
20129
13506
33
41
15
14
1
17
2
197958
3708
10093
3637
14166
10134
37
27
7
3
1
1
i
32
2
206327
12572
4777
22922
5075
14
12
33
10
1
1
1
2
412096
816
13917
2407
20584
9323
10
18
22
42
3
9
6
1
2
19
21
12
2
4221802
688553
229746
76057
310523
174447
040
483
235
251
9
47
46
37
14
56
462
58
99358J
81.54i
7069
1648
10728
5848
6
15
7
31
2
2
2
2
94194
4941
2879
506
2969
2476
7
6
5
10
1
1
5
1
157232
2417
10995
3133
17967
8671
14
9
11
31
6
1
3
2
196184
11857
11998
4429
17687
10965
31
53
13
27
3
3
6
22
1
2
3
4
227749
381
8100
1478
10982
5031
10
10
14
31
1
4
1
7
8
1
2
135578
5640
7684
2545
11125
6775
10
19
10
5
3
10
1
4
2
910295^
289431
48725
13739
71458
39776
78
112
60
135
3
15
15
22
2
22
5
426940
3195
360
,5318
3971
1
5
3
1
102525
237
2216
317
3662
2438
6
10
1
1
1
529465
237
5411
677
8980
6409
6
11
6
3
1
73,574 16i
106050J
388678
116686
543343
295137
1035
857
395
737
14
97
90
103
18
70
489
64
A A
i
H
17H
LOWER CANADA.— SHIPPING AND PROPERTY
The number of ships built in the province, with the
registered tonnage thereof, since 1825, was —
Years
Vessels.
Tons.
Years
Vessels.
Tons.
1825
61
22636
1831
!)
3250
182fi
59
17823
1832
13
3U52
1827
35
7540
18.33
1828
30
7272
1834
182!)
21
5465
1835
1830
11
305!)
1836
17
8!>80
[U. n. 1836.]
Fhheries. — Description of fish, and value in sterling
money: Codfish, 107,060 cwt., 71.132<. ; Salmon,
141 tierces, 137 barrels, 124 half-barrels, 1,172/.;
Pickled fish, 1 1,1 i)6 barrels, 20 half-barrels, 46 boxes,
7.274/.; Codsounds, 72 kegs, 26/. ; Fish oil, 26,200
gallons, 2,254/. ; total, 81,858/. The above quanti-
ties imported from Quebec, Gaspe, North Carlisle,
and the Magdalen Islands. Codfish, !)3,467 cwt..
Cod oil, 37,162 gal., whale oil, l!),360 gal. 74,414/..
This is the gross produce of the fisheries in the county
of Gasp6, aiiart of which is exported, and the remain-
der consumed in the provinces. Codfish, 7,075 cwt.
6,046/.; Salmon, 2 barrels 6/.; Pickled fish, 10,5!)6
barrels, 6,646/.; Fish oil, 5,760 gal. 512/.; total,
86,624/. Gross produce of the fisheries at the Mag-
dalen Islands. [B. B. 1836.]
Horned cattle, sheep, swine, &c. multiply with
astonishing rapidity, and the European breeds seem
improved on being transplanted to the American con-
tinent. The quantity of fish caught in the river and
gulf of St. Lawrence, and in other streams is very
great, and the consumption of this diet considerable
in consequence of the tenets of the Roman Catholic
faith. Fish oil is becoming an extensive article of
export, as arc also hides and horns. The jjcltry or
fur trade (see Hudson's Bay Territory chapter) has
its outlet from the N. W. territories through Lower
Canada. I hope to see ere long, tobacco, hemp,
wool, wax, rape and other oils among the staple pro-
ducts of this fine colony.
The Montreal district made in 1837 the following
return for 1836. [B. B. L. C. 1836 ]
Ocop.*.— Wheat, 20,000 acres ; barley, 2,000 ditto ;
oats, 10,000 do.; peas, 5,000 do. ; rye, 50 do. ; In-
dian corn, 200 do.; potatoes, 4,000 do.; turnips, 50
do. ; meadow, 20,000 do. ; pasture, 30,000 do. ; total
in crop, 61,300 do. ; uncultivated, 15,000 do. Horses,
6,500; horned cattle, 16,000; sheep, 15,000.
Pm/Hce.— Wheat, 160,000 bushels; barley, 30,000
do.; oats, 150,000 do.; pease, 60,000 do.; rye, 600
do. ; Indian corn, 2,000 do. ; potatoes, 400,000 do. ;
turnips, 5,000do; hay, 28,000 tons; straw, 30,000 do.
The following prices of provisions and wages of
labour in Lower Canada for 1836, were transmitted
to the Colonial Office in 1837. Four months of the
year are given on account of the variety of the sea-
sons. Horned cattle, 5/. iQs.; horses, 12/. lOs.;
sheep, 10,s. ; swine, 21. 10.?.; milk, per gal. Hd.; but-
ter (fresh), per lb. Is.; butter (salt), per lb
Is. 8d. ; cheese, per lb. M. ; wbeaten bread, per 6 lb.
9(/. ; beef, per 100 lbs. U. 10.?.; mutton per lb. 3§(/.;
pork, per 100 lbs. 1/. 15«.
Wages for Lahour. — Praedial, 18/. per annum, with
board and lodging. Day labourers employed at farm-
work in spring, summer and harvest, obtain from
2.?. to 4s. per day, without food. Females from l.v. to
2s. per day.
Priffs of HariH'st Produce in Montreal District in
1836.— Wheat, per bush. .5.?. to 8*. 4(/. ; barley, 3«. 4d.
to 4,v. 8(/. ; oats, 2s. to 3.'(. ; pease, 4s. 2d. to 5,?. 6(i. ;
rye, 4s. to 5s 6(/. ; Indian corn, 4s. to 5.?. C>d.; pota-
toes, l.». 6(/. to 2s. ; turnips, 1.?. 3(/. to Is. C>d. ; 1 ,.
2/. to 3/. per ton ; straw, 15s. to 25,*. per ton.
Tiie following shews the land granted in Lower
Canad-i in 1836; acres, 94,484,— of which 39,209
were gratuitous, and the remainder by purchase.
The total number of acres in the Colony granted, is
3,129,544 — including two grants in Murray Bay of
three leagues each, and two tracts in Chalcur Bay,
contents unknown. Remaining to be granted as
surveyed, 4,074,862, independent of vast tracts nut
yet surveyed. [H. B. 1836.]
Nutiire and I'ahie of Pro/iertij (innnally created in
Loirrr Canada, and if not corwimetl turned into more-
al/leproperti/. — Wheat, 3,404,756 bushels at 5s. per
bushel, 851,689/.; Oats, 3,432,274 bushels at 2.?.,
314,227/.; Barley, 394,795 bushels at 4.v., 78,958/.;
Buck Wheat, 106,050 bushels, at 4s., 21,020/.; In-
dian Corn, 339,633 bushels, at 4s., 67,866/. ; Rye,
2.34,529 bushels at ,3.?., 35,179/.; Peas, 984,758
bushels at 4s., 196,951/. ; Potatoes, 7,357,416 busluls
at Is. 6(/., 551,806/.; Animal Food, 600,000 mouths
30 lbs. each yearly, at 4(/. per lb. 300,000/. ; Fish,
fresh and salt', 600,000 mouths, ditto, at 2d. per Ih,,
150,000/.; Butter, Cheese, Milk and Eggs, 600,000
mouths at 2(/. each daily, 50,000/. ; Indispensable ma-
nufactures, &c. Spirits, Soap, Candles, Linen, Wool-
lens. Shoes, CK. thing, &c. 5/. for each person,
3,000,000/. ; Liixurics, not before-mentioned, as food
and drink, furniture, and apparel worn, &c. &c. :>/.
each, 3,000,000/. ; Income from trade, &c., Surpl\is
beyond immediate consumption for necessaries, 10/.
each person averaging, 6,000,000/. ; Timber and
Ashes, consumed at home, and exported, at least,
1,000,000/.; Value of Commerce not before given,
including the coasting and maritime trade, at least,
1,500,000/.; Wasted annually, by shipwreck, fire, bail
seasons, improvidence, &c., 250,000/. : total annually
created, 17,417,696/.
Nature and lalue of MorenMe Property. — Horses,
116,686, at 10/. each, 1,116,860/.; Neat Cattle,
389,706, at 5/. each, 1,!)48,530/. ; Sheep, .543,343, at
1/. each, .543,343/.; Swine, 295,137, at 1/. each,
295, 137/. ; Poultry, may be valued at least, 150.00(1/.:
House furniture, h3,Oo6 houses at an average of 20/.
a house, 1,h60,()00/. ; Clothing and Equipage, 600,000
persons at an average of 10/. each, (i, 000,000?, ; Ma-
chinery, and Farming Implements, 1,500,000/.; Bul-
lion, or Gold and Silver Money ; at least in nioiiey
and plate, 1,000,000/.; Ships, Boats, Timber, and
Merchandize ; the Timber is almost incalculable ;
altogether at the very least, 20,000,000/. Total,
34,413,870/.
Nature and Value of hnmoveahle Property. — Houses,
83,000 at 15/. each, 1,245,000/.; Land improved in
culture, 2,065,913 acres, at 5/. per .acre, 10,329,6(')5/. ;
Land occupied, not in cultbre, 3,981,793 acres at
\L, 3,9^1,793/.; Lands not granted and waste, of
120,000,000 acres at least, fit for cultivation,
30,000,000 at .5s., 7,500,000/. ; Streets, Roads, Canals,
Dykes, Kc, the extent of roads is ;,-';at, public and
private, a low MfiPin^.,', 1,500,000/.; Forts, Gaols,
Churches, Pubu.. Buildings, a great deal of money
has thus been ex|)ended by the French and English,
1,500,000/.; Manufactories, Stores, Iron Mines ami
Q'larries, 500,000/. Total, 26,556,385/. Grand total.
Annually created. Moveable and Immoveable,
78,387,924/.
fnntreal Dhtrict in
4(1. ; Imrley, ."5*. 4il.
, 4s. 2il. to T),?. fnl. ;
s. to .5,?. f)(i. ; pota-
I(i. to U. r>(<. ; 1 ..
5s. per ton.
granted in Lower
—of which 39.20y
nder by purchase.
! Colony granted, is
in Murray Bay of
;ts in Chaleur Bay,
to be granted ns
of vast tracts not
annnnlly created in
d turned into mnve-
hushc'ls at S.?. per
274 bushels at 2.v.,
'Is at 4.V., 7H,9r>8/. ;
t 4,<., L'l,020i.; In-
4.S'., fi7,8fif)/. ; Rye,
I, ; Pcaa, <»84,7a.^
;s, 7,3r)7,41GI)ualu'ls
ud, COO, 000 mouths
lb. 300,000/. ; Fish,
ditto, at 2d. per lb.,
and Eggs, fiOO.OOO
; Indispensable nm-
indlcs, Linen, Wodl-
, for each person,
^-mentioned, as food
?1 worn, Sec. &c. '>(.
trade, &c.. Surplus
for necessaries, 10/.
)00(. ; Timber and
exported, at least,
|e not before given,
inie trade, at least,
shipwreck, tire, bail
loo/. : total annually
Property . — Horses,
")()/. ; Neat Cattle,
Sheep, .')43,343,at
'),137. at U. each,
ll at least, l.'JO.OOO^.;
an average of 2()l.
Equipage, 000,000
1, C.OOO.OOO/. ; Ma-
1, 1 ,.'")00,000/. ; Hiil-
1 at least in money
^oats. Timber, and
lost incalculable ;
|0,()()0,000/. Total,
^rojtorty. — Houses,
iLand imi)roved in
Vre, iO,329,f>C)r,/.;
f, 981,793 acres at
Ited and waste, of
for cultivation,
^ts. Roads, Canals,
■■^at, public and
I/. ; Forts, Gaols,
lat deal of money
Inch and English,
Iron Mines and
l8.''i/, Grand total,
lid Immoveable,
BOOK III. POSSESSIONS IN NORTH AMERICA.
CHAPTER J I. —UPPER CANADA.
Section I. The boundary line between Lower and
Upper Canada, has been stated in the preceding
chapter; the |)rovince of Upper Canada is bounded
on the S. W. by a line drawn through the centre of
the great lakes, and separating it from the U. States,
on the N. by the Hudson Hay territory, on the K by
the Ottawa and Lower Canada, and on the N. \V. by
the undefined boundaries, or, it may be said, by the
Pacific Ocean, comprising in round numbers about
100,000 sijuare miles.
II. The early accounts of Canada, so far as is ne-
cessary to the general reader, are embraced in the
preceding chapter : the French, as the allies of the
Hurons and Algonquins, i)enetrated into Upper Ca-
nada, and the conquest of the lower jjrovince in 17")9
made the British, by one campaign, masters of the
whole of Upper Canada ; the main features in whose
history is, the contest with N. America in IK12, and
which it is not necessary to detail in this work. See
" History of British Colonies, or Colonial Library,"
Vol. I.— 2nd Ed.
lAnitenant-Governnrs, Presid its, and Admin istrn-
tors of Ujiper Camida, from the division of the province
1791 /() 1834. — Col John Graves Simcoe, Lieut. -Gov.,
July 8, 1792 ; the Hon. Peter Russel, Pres., July 21,
179(>; Lieut. Gen. Peter Hunter, Lieut. -Gov., Au-
gust 17, 1799; the Hon. A. Grant, Pres., 'September
11, 180.5; His Excellency Francis Gore, I.ieut.-Gov.,
August 2,'), 1800 ; Major-Gen. Sir Isaac Brock, Pres.,
September 30, 1811 ; Major-Gen. Sir R. II. Sheafl'e,
Bart., Pres., October 20, 1812 ; Major-Gen. F. Baron
de Rottenburgb, Pres., June 19, 1«13; Lieut. -Gen.
Sir Gordon Drummond, K. C. B., Provincial I.ieut.-
Gov.. December 13, 1813 ; Lieut. -Gen. Sir George
Murray, Bart., Provincial Lieut. -Gov. April 2.'>, 181,') ;
Major-Gen. Sir F.P.Robinson, K.C.B., Provincial
Lieut. -Gov., July 1, 181.5 ; His Excellency Francis
(iore, I.ieut.-Gov. September 25, 1815; the ll<in.
Samuel Smith, Adm., June 11, 1817 ; Major-Gen. Sir
P. Maitland, K. C. B., Lieut.-Gov., August 13, 1818 ;
the Hon. Samuel Smith, Adm,, March 8, 1820 ; Major
Gen. Sir P. Maitland, K. C. B., Lieut.-Gov., June 30,
1820; Major-Gen. Sir John Colborne, Lieut-Gov.,
November .5, 1828; Sir Francis Bond Head, 1835;
Sir George Arthur, 1838.
III. The vast territory embraced in the province of
Upper Canada, as regards the inhaldted parts, is in
general a level champaign country; for, from the
division line on lake St. Francis to Sandwich, a dis-
tance of nearly 'iOO miles westerly, nothing like a
mountain occurs, although the greater part of the
country is gently undulated into pleasing hills, fine
slopes, and fertile vallies : but a ridge of rocky co\m-
try runs north-east and south-westerly through the
Newcastle and Midland districts, towards the Ottawa
or Grand River, at the distance of from .50 to 100
miles from the north shore of Lake Ontario and the
course of the River St. Lawrence. Passing this ridge
to the north, the explorer descen.ls into a wide and
rich valley of great extent, which is again bounded on
the north by a rocky and mountainous country, of
still higher elevation.
Farther to the north, beyond the French river
which falls into Lake Huron, are immense mountains,
some of them of greit but unknown elevation.
The country on the north and west side of Lake
Ontario, and of Lake Erie which is still further west,
continues flat as far as Lake Huron, with only occa-
sional moderate elevations of the surface of easy
ascent. In the whole extent of this tract of country,
there is but a small portion of it under cultivation,
the remainder being in its primitive state of forests,
lakes, and rivers ; the latter for the most part falling
into the great lakes, or into larger rivers, which again
empty themselves into the great artery of the country,
the St. Lawrence. The settlements arc chiefly con-
fined to the borders, or within a few miles of the bor-
ders of the great lake and rivers.
The lakes of Upper Canada are very numerous, a few of those best known are as follow : —
(For descriptions, see Colonial Library, 2nd Edition, Vol. I.)
Circum-
Average
Elevation
Bottom be-
Names.
Length.
•
Breadth.
ference.
*
depth.
«
above the
sea.*
low tide of
ocean.*
Miles.
Miles.
Miles.
Feet.
Feet.
Feet.
Superior .. t
.541
140
122.5
1000
(Ill
500
Huron
250
190
1100
HIU)
595
305
Michigan
2«;o
90
1000
900
595
305
Erie
280
180
(13
80
700
500
250
500
5(i5
231
Ontario
2(;<J
Green Bay
100
20
595
Simcoe
40
30
120
St. Clair
3.5
30
100
20
George
25
58
Rice Lake
24
2 to 5
58
These statements are the nearest approxnnations we possess to truth.
.11 li
180
UPl'KR CANADA.— TOWNS AND BUILDINGS.
Toronto, formerly called York, but now restored to
its native name, (Lat. 43.3'J N. Long. 79.;ui W.) is
the infant capital of Upper Canada, delightfully situ-
ate in the township of York, near the head of Lake
Ontario, on the north side of an excellent harbour or
an elliptical basin of an area of eight or nine miles,
formed by a long, low sandy peninsula or island,
stretching from the land east of the town to Gitiraltar
Point, abreast of a good fort. The town is laid out
at right angles, with long and spacious streets, (King
Street, the great thorough fare is half a mile long),
the side paths well flagged, and some of the streets
macadamized. It contains the principal buildings and
public offices of the province, viz. : the Parliament
Mouse and Government offices. Government House,
the College of Upper Canada, the Hospital, Court
House, Gaol, Protestant, Scotch and Roman places of
worship, and several Meeting Houses, the Upper Ca-
nada Bank, Law Society Hall, the Barracks, &c.
Official return of the population of the City and Liberties
of Toronto, taken by the assessors in May and June,
IH3S.
WARDS.
Males
over
16.
Males
under
16.
Females
over
16.
Females
under
16.
Total.
St. David's
The Liberties ....
St. Andrew's ....
The Liberties ....
St. Patrick's
The Liberties ....
St. Lawrence
'I'lie Liberties ....
St. George's
The Liberties ....
858
144
610
.1
14-
237
4
647
208
400
8
347
260
46
112
3
908
1.16
syi
4
438
381
tl
271
2
650
2U9
427
6
368
213
30
144
2
3780
204!)
IIJUO
1541
795
Total.
9765
To these numbers may be added strangers, emigrants,
omissions, casual residents, tenants of the prison, and the
soldiers in garrison, in all over 1800 persons, giving an
actual pii))ulation of more than 11,000 souls within the city
and liberties.
The population is now about 1,5,000, composed of
English, Irish, Scotch, native born Upper Canadians
and a very few French Canadians. Little more than
30 years ago, the site whereon Y'ork now stands, and
the whole country to the north and west of it was a
perfect wilderness — the land is now fast clearing —
thickly settled by a robust and industrious European,
and European descended population, blessed with
health and competence, and on all sides indicating
the rapid progress of civilization. The other British
town of importance on this shore is —
Kingston, (distant from Toronto 184 and from
Montreal 189 miles) in Lat. 44.8. Long. 70.40. W. is
advantageously situate on the north bank of Lake On-
tario at the head of the river St. Lawrence, and is
separated by Points Frederick and Henry by a bay
which extends a considerable distance to the N. \V.
beyond the town, where it receives the waters of a
river which flows frcra the interior. Point Frederick
is a long narrow peninsula, extending about half a
mile into the lake in a S. E. direction, distant from
Kingston about three quarters of a mile on the oppo-
site side of its bay. This peninsula forms the west
side of a narrow and deep inlet called Navy Bay, from
its being the chief harbour of our navy on Lake On-
tario. The extremity of the point has a strong bat-
tery, and there is a dock-yard with store-houses, &c.
Point Henry, forming the east side of Navy Bay, is
a high narrow rocky ridge, extending into the lake in
the same direction as Point Frederick. It is crowned
by a fort built on the extremity of the ridge, and oc-
cupying the highest point of any ground in this part
of Canada. The dock-yard store-houses, slips for
building ships of war, naval barracks, wharfs, &c., are
on an extensive scale; during the war a first rate
(the St. Lawrence) carrying 102 guns was built here,
and in case of emergency, a formidalile fleet could in
a very brief period be equipped at Kingston in defence
of British interests or honour.
Kingston, next to Quebec and Halifax, is the
strongest British post in America, and, next to Quebec
and Montreal, the first in commercial importance, and
has rapidly risen of late years, by becoming, through
the means of the Uideau Canal, the main entrepot be-
tween the traiie of the lower province and all the
settlements on the great lakes to the westward, and
with the measures now in progress to render the St,
Lawrence navigable between Montreal and Lake On-
tario, it may be expected to increase yet more rapidly ;
in IH'J8, its population amounted to 3,528 ; in 1834,
to near f>,000.
The Rideau Canal. — This far-famed undertaking,
which is not properly speaking a canal, but rather a
succession of raised waters by means of dams, with
natural lakes interspersed, commences at Entrmwe.
Bay, a small bay in the Ottawa, 128 miles from Mon-
treal, and 150 from Kingston, in latitude N. 45. .'SO.
longitude \V. 76.50. — about a mile below the Falls
of Chaudiere, and one and a half mile above the point
where the Rideau River falls into the Ottawa. From
Entrance Bay the canal is entered by eight locks ; it
then passes through a natural gully, crosses Dow's
Swamp Cwhieh is flooded by means of a mound),
crosses Peter's gully by means of an aqueduct, and
joins the Rideau River at the Hog's Back, about six
miles from Entrance Bay. At the Hog's Back there
is a dam 45 feet high and 400 long, which, by throw-
ing back the river, converts about seven miles of rapids
into still navigable water. The canal rises into the
river by means of a lock. A series of locks and dams
now commence with occasional embankments.
There is a dam and lock at the Black Rapids (138
miles from Montreal) ; a dam, three locks, and two
embankments at Long Island Rapids, which render
the river navigable for 24 miles, to Barret's Rapids,
167 miles from Montreal; eight dams and 14 locks
bring the canal to Olive's Ferry, 210 miles from Mon-
treal, where the Rideau Lake contracts to 463 feet
wide, and a ferry connects the road between Perth
and Brockville. At the Up|)er Narrows, 16 miles
further, the Rideau Lake contracts again to about 80
feet across, over which a dam is thrown, with a lock
of four feet lift, forming the Upper Rideau Lake into
a summit pond of 291 feet above Entrance Bay, in thu
Ottawa ; six miles further is the isthmus which sepa.
rates the Upper Rideau Lake from Mud Lake, the
source of the river Cataraqui. The canal is cut through
this isthmus, which is one and a half mile wide ; five
miles advancing is the isthmus Clear Lake, 330 feet
across, through which a cut is made to avoid the
rapids of the natural channel.
To Cranberry Marsh, 1 7 miles from Isthmus Clear
Lake (the last station adverted to), 255 miles from
Montreal and 23 from Kingston, there are three dams
and six locks. The Marsh is about 78 feet above tlic
level of Kingston Harbour, and about eight miles long.
Besides flowing into the Cataraqui River, the waters
of this marsh or lake burst out at White Fish Fall,
and flow into the Gananoqui River, which is the wasfo
weir for regulating the level of the water in tlii'
UPI'ER CANADA.— CANALS, &c.
181
k. It is crowned
the ridge, and oc-
•ouud in this part
liouses, slips tor
), wharfs, &c., arc
war a first rate
IS was built herf,
l)le fleet could in
ngston in defence
Halifax, is the
d, next to Quebec
1 importance, and
L'coming, through
tinin entrepot be-
nnce and all the
he westward, and
to render the St.
eal and Lake ()n-
yet more rapidly ;
3 3,528; in 1834,
Tied undertaking,
anal, but rather a
ns of dams, witli
nces at Entrmici:
miles from Men-
atitude N. 4.').;i0.
below the Falls
le above the point
e Ottawa. From
by eight locks ; it
ly, crosses Dow's
ns of a mound),
an aqueduct, and
's Back, about six
Hog's Back there
which, by throw-
en miles of rapids
al rises into the
f locks and dams
nkments.
ck Rapids (i;i8
e locks, and two
s, which render
Barret's Rapids,
ms and 14 iociis
liles from Mon-
cts to 4(J3 feet
between Perth
rows, 16 miles
;ain to about 80
wn, with a lock
ideau Lake into
jance Bay, in the
lus which sepa-
Mud Lake, the
1 is cut through
mile wide ; five
Lake, 330 feet
iC to avoid tlie
Isthmus Clear
l2.'j5 miles from
I are three dams
feet above tlie
light miles long.
Iver, the waters
/bite Fish Fall,
|ch is the waste
water in tiio
Ridcau Lake (the summit pond) ; thus the water in
the whole line of canal, whether in times of flood or
drought, is kept at a steady height. At Brewer's
I'pper and Lower Mills, IH and 17 miles fnmi King-
ston, there are three dams and three locks; and at
Kingston Mills, live miles from Kingston, one dam
and four locks. The Canal, or Catarnqui River, falls
into Kingston Bay at these mills, at a distance from
Montreal of :473 miles.
The Rideau opens a water communication between
Kingston and the Ottawa, a distance of 132 miles, by
connecting together several pieces of water lying in
that direction, viz. Kingston Mill-stream, Cranberry
Lake, Mud Lake, Rideau Lake and River, the length
of the cuts not exceeding 20 miles. The difl'erencc
of level is 44.'> feet ; about 20 miles are excavated,
some through rocks. There are 47 locks, which arc
in length 142 feet, in breadth 33, and with a water
depth of five feet, which admit vessels under 12.5 tons.
There was either sad blimdering in the estimate, or
gross mismanagement in the expenditure on tliis canal,
the original estimate for which was but 169,000/. —
the next estimate, before the plan of enlarging the
locks was adopted, amounted to 486,000/., the addi-
tion of the locks raised the estimate to 762,673/.; but
it may now be stated, that the total expenditure will
not be short of one million sterling. The locks were
originally |)lanned upon a scale to correspond with
those on the La Chine canal, i. e. 100 feet by 20;
these dimensions were subsequently increased to 142
feet in length by 33 in width, with a depth of .'> feet
water, hence a considerable augmentation of expense.
The Welland Canal connects Lake Erie with Lake
Ontario. It was not undertaken by government, but
by a company incorporated by the Legislature in 182.").
The canal communicates with Lake Ontario by the
Twelve-mile Creek, and is conducted over the range
of hills forming the barrier of Lake Erie, at the Falls
of Niagara, by means of locks until it meets the
Chippawa at eight miles and a half from its mouth ;
it ascends the Chippawa about 1 1 miles from thence,
joining the Ouse upon Lake Erie at about one mile
and a half from its mouth ; the shifting bar at the
entrance of the Ouse being remedied by extending
piers into deep water bcyon(l the bar. The length of
the canal is 41 miles, its width .'iC feet, and its depth
8^; the summit level is 330 feet, the ascending locks
are 37 in number (made of wood), 22 feet wide, and
100 feet long. The cost of this canal has been, so far
as we can yet estimate, upwards of .")00,000/. ; but
there is little doubt that as the population on Lake
F>ie and Huron shores increases, a fair return will
be yielded for the cai)ital expended.
"The Grcnville canal consists of three sections, one
at the Long Sault on the Ottawa — another at the fall
called the Chfite Jl Blondcau, 60 miles from Montreal
and 218 from Kingston, and a third at the Carillon
Rapids, .">6 miles from Montreal and 222 from King-
ston, (ipening into the Lake of the Two Mountains,
through which an uninterrupted navigation is prac-
tised by steam-boats to La Chine, nine miles above
the city of Montreal. This canal renders the naviga-
tion of the Ottawa between the Rideau and Montreal
complete. All the locks on the Carillon, and on the
Chftte k Blondeau arc of the same size as on the
Rideau, but on a part of the Grenville Canal, which
was commenced before the large scale was adopted,
some locks and a part of the cuttings will only admit
boats 20 feet wide ; the locks on La Chine arc also
calculated for boats oidy 20 feet wide ; the navigation
for boats above 20 feet wide is interrupted at the
Grenville Canal, and if large boats be used ori the
Rideau, aiul on the higher part of the Ottawa, all
goods must be unshipped on arriving at the Grenville
Canal, and be either conveyed by portage or removej ^
to smaller boats. "v^
The distance from Kingston, on Lake Ontario, to
Bytown, where the Rideau River joins the Ottawa, is
about l.'iO miles; from Bytown to the Grenville canal,
64 miles; total, 214 miles; through the whole of
which line the locks and cuttings are of a size to
admit steam boats 134 feet long and 33 feet wide, and
drawing five feet of water. A canal is proposed across
the west extremity of the Island of Montreal, near
the town of St. Anne's, tp surmount the rapids.
The Montreal communication with the Ottawa, by
the canal between the former place and Lake St.
Louis, at La Chine, near Montreal, is termed La Chine
Canal ; it is 28 feet wide at the bottom, 48 at the
water line, has five feet depth of water, and a towing
path ; the whole fall is 42 feet, with the locks ; the
length is about seven miles. It is the property of a
company; was begun in 1821, completed in three
years, at a cost of 137,000/. which was defrayed by
the company, slightly assisted by government, and for
which the public service is exempt from toll.
By means of the great and useful works just men-
tioned, a large extent of country is opened up to the
industry of the British settlers ; there is continuous
steam-boat communications in Upper Canada of about
460 miles, viz. from the Grenville canal, on the Ot-
tawa, to Niagara.
The value of canals and steam navigation may be
judged of from the fact, that, in 1812, the news of
the declaration of war against Great Britain by the
United States, did not reach the post of Micbilimack-
inac (1,107 miles from Quebec) under two months;
the same place is now within the distance of ten days'
journey from the Atlantic.
IV. Our knowledge of the geological structure of
the country bordering on the great lakes is more
minute than the examinations yet made in Lower
Canada [see Colminl Lihrarij, Vol. I.]
Beyond Lake Superior, or what La Ilontan called
the " fag end of the world," the country is exceedingly
dreary — miles of ponds and marshes, where the mud
is knee deep, are succeeded by open, dry, sandy bar-
rens, terminating in forests of hemlock and spruce,
and then again a regular alternation of swamps, mud,
bog, windfalls, and stagnant water, and in the course
of many miles there is seldom a dry spot to be found
for a resting place ; in winter strong whiskey is frozen
to the consistence of honey, and in the height of
summer (!) the thermometer is down to 36. Farenheit
at sun-rise.
A secondary sandstone (according to Mr. School-
craft, an American gentlemen, who formed part of a
government expedition from New York), forms the
whole south coast of Lake Superior, through which
the granite on which it rests occasionally appears ;
chalcedony, cornelian, jaspar, opal, agate, sardonyx,
zeolith, and serpentine (all siliceous except the last
two), with iron, lead, and copper are found imbedded
in it. The sand hills west of the Grand Marais pre-
sent to the lake, for nine miles, a steep acclivity 300
feet high, composed of light yellow siliceous sand,
in three layers l.'jO, 80, and 70 feet thick; the last
mentioned uppermost and like the lowest pure, while
the middle bed has many pebbles of granite, lime-
stone, hornblende, and quartz. By the subsidence of
the waters of Lukes Superior and Huron, occasioned,
Mr. Lyell thinks, by the partial destruction of their
I
182
barriers at some unknown period, beds of sand, ITiO
feet thick, are exposed, lielow which are seen beds of
clay, enclosing shells of the very species which now
inhabit the ial<cs.
At Lake Superior, a red sandstone, for the most
part horizontal, predominates on the south shore,
resting in places on granite. Amygdaloid occupies a
very large tract in the north stretching from Cape
Verd to tlie grand Portage, profusely intermingled
with argillaceous and other porphyries, sienite, trup-
pose greenstone, sandstone, and conglomerates. Part
of the north and east shore is the seat of older form-
ations, viz. sienite, stratified greenstone, more or less
chloritic, and alternating five times with vast beds of
granite, the general direction east, with a north or
perpendicular dip. Great quantities of the older shell
limestone are found strewn in rolled masses on the
beach from Point Marmoaze to Grand Portage.
Copper abounds in various parts of the country,
in particular some large and brilliant specimens have
been found in the angle between Lake Superior and
Michigan. At the Coppermine River (Ontanagon,
300 miles from the Sault de St. Marie), the copper,
which is in a pure and malleable state, lies in con-
nexion with a body of serpentine rock, the face of
which it almost completely overlays, it is also dissem-
inated in masses and grains throughout the substance
of the rock.
The almost uniformly level shores of Lake Huron,
present few objects of interest to the geologist : se-
condary limestone tilled with the usual relicpiiic, con-
stitutes the great mass of the rock along the coast.
The chasm, at Niagara Falls, affords a clear indica-
tion of the geology of the country. The different
strata, — first, limestone ; then fragile slate ; and
lastly, sandstone. The uppermost and lowest of these
compose the great secondary formation of a part of
Canada, and nearly the whole of the United Slates,
occupying the whole basin of the Mississippi, and ex-
tending from it between the lakes and the Alleghany
ridge of mountains, as far eastward as the Mohawk,
betwe>'n which the slate is often interposed, as at
Niagara, and throughout the State of New York
generaliy. At Niagara, the stratum of slate is nearly
40 feet thick, and nearly as fragile as shale, crumb-
ling so much as to sink the superincumbent limestone,
and thus verify, to some extent, the opinion that a
retrocession of the falls has been going on for ages.
The subsoil around Lake Ontario is limestone, rest-
ing on granite. The rocks about Kingston are usually
a limestone of very compact structure, and light blue-
ish grey colour, a fracture often approaching the con-
choidal, a slight degree of translucency on a thin
edge ; and after percussion, the odour of flint rather
than that of bitimien. The lowermost limestones are
in general more siliceous than those above them ; and
80 much is it the case, that in some ])laces, a conglo-
merated character is given to the rock by the intru-
sion of pieces of quartz or hornstone. It is remark-
able, that both angular and rounded masses of felspar
rock, which usually underlies limestone (or, if absent,
is supplied by one in which hornblende predomi-
nates), are imbedded and isolated in the limestone,
demonstrating the latter to haVe been at one time in
a state of fluidity.
The limestone formation is stratified horizontally,
its dip being greatest when nearest to the elder rock
on which it reposes, and by which it would appear to
have been upraised subsetjuently to the solidification
of its strata; the thickness of which, like the depth of
the soil, varies from a few feet to a few inches. Shale
UPPER CANADA— GEOLOGY, CLIMATE.
\
occurs, as amongst most limestones ; and, in sonn
places so intimately blended with the latter, as tci
cause it to fall to pieces on exposure to the atmos-
phere. The minerals as yet noticed, in this forma,
tion, are chert or hornstone, basanite, chlorite, cnlc;!
reous spar, barytes, sulphate of strontian, sulphunt
of iron, and sulphurct of zinc. Genuine granite, is
seldom or never found.
The soils of Upper Canada arc various ; that which
predominates is composed of brown clay and loam,
with dillerent proportions of niarl intermixed ; this
compound soil prevails principally in the fertile conn-
try between the St. Lawrence and Ottawa ; towards
the north shore of Lake Ontario it is more clayey and
extremely productive. The substratum throughout
these districts is a bed of horizontal limestone, which
in some places rises to the surfnce. The Newcastle
district lying between the \ipper section of the Ottawa
and the St. Lawrence, is a rich black mould, which
also prevails throughout the East Riding of York, and
on the banks of the Ouset)r Grand River, and Thames.
At Toronto the soil is fertile, but stones are scarce
for common use, which is also the case in some town-
ships bordering Lakes Erie, St. Clair, and the Detnili,
thus demonstrating the alluvial nature of the terri-
tory. A light sandy soil predominates round the head
of Lake Ontario.
The predominating soil of the country (east shore.
Lake Huron) traversed is a meagre, red, or yellow,
ferruginous, san'Iy loam, varying in depth from feet
to inches, often not exceeding three of the latter
dimension, ann i.i.t unfreiiuently absent altogether,
leaving the r^jck bare but for its hoary covering o(
lichen clay, or tiayey loams, were rarely seen, and
when noticed, their usual position was either in some
of the swamijy valleys between the rocks or forming
alluvial deposits on the banks of rivers, often deeply
covered up by a siliceous sand.
V. In an extent of country embraced between -12"
and 50" of north latitude, the climate is necessarily
various; in the settled townships it is generaliy de-
lightful, neither so cold in winter as Lower Canada,
1 .r so hot in summer as New York ; in the Newcastle
uistrict between the 44" and -Itfi a man may work in the
woods the whole winter in his shirt sleeves, as in
England ; and the summer heat is temjiered by a cool
breeze, which sets in from the S. W. about 10 a. m.,
and lasts generally to 3 or 4 p. m. In sununer tiie
wind blows two-thirds of the season from the S. W.,
i. e. along the great lakes.
In spring and autumn this wind brings a good deal
of moisture witii it. The N.W. the most frequent
in winter, is dry, cold and elastic ; the S. E. soft,
thawey and rainy ; the wind seldom blows from west
or south, more rarely from the northward. Of course
changes of wind are accompanied by correspondins;
alternations of weather ; the most sudden are to the
N. W., followed by weather clear and cold for the sea-
son, almost every thunder shower clears up with this
wind : the longest storms of rain, and the deepest
falls of snow, are usually accompanied by easterly
winds. The following table will afTord a comparative
view of the climate of Upper and Lower Canada
throughout the year, as regards the highest, lowest,
and mean temperature, for each month in Ujiper and
Lower Canada; latitude 42 north in Upper Canada,
latitude 45. north in Lower Canada.
\
<toncR ; and, in somi
ntU the latter, as tn
posiire to the atnios.
nticL'd, in this forrim.
^niiite, (.'hlorite, cnlc.i.
strontian, sulphunt
Genuine granite, is
; various ; that which
irown ch\y and loniii,
liar! intermixed ; this
iy ill the fertile coiiti-
and Ottawa ; towards
it is more clayey and
hstnitiiin throufiiioiit
ntal limestone, wliiih
I'ncc. The Neweastlo
section of the Ottawa
I hiack mould, wliicli
t Riding of York, and
id River, and Thanus.
hut stones are senrcf
le case in some town.
Uair, and the Detroit,
nature of the terri-
inates round the head
' country (east shore,
eagre, red, or yellow,
; in depth from feet
three of the latter
ly absent altogether,
its hoary covering of
ere rarely seen, and
)ii was either in some
the rocks or funning
f rivers, often deeply
nbraced between 4'2"
imate is necessarily
[)s it is generally ilr-
as Lower Canada,
jrk ; in the Newcastle
nan may work in the
shirt sleeves, as in
temjiered by a tool
W. about 10 a. m.,
In summer the
on from the S. W.,
|d brings a good deal
the most frequent
tic; the S.E. soft,
im blows from west
Irthward. Of course
by corresponding
sudden are to the
Ind cold for the sca-
] clears up with this
and the deepest
||)anied by easterly
ford a comparative
id Lower Canada
lie highest, lowest,
lonth in Upper and
lin Upper Canada,
(IPPFU CANADA.— MEi ')ROU ;<iV.
IM
Months.
TlteRMOMETER— FAKBNUEIT.
Upper Canada.
.Tnnnary
I'Clirimry ,
Miiroli ...
April
May
June ....
July
\iii;ii'<t ..
Si'ptcmhor
Oi'tolu-r ,
Nnvcmhcr
liecciulier.
For the year ...
For till' niuntlis
.tiiiu", July, and
AllRilst
Winter months
Max.
■IH
,^n
M
»:\
V'i
87
iu:i
U!)
Hi
■4
41
7,1-8
4(i-:i.l
Min.
-•-•0
H
411
40
»7
«u
ft.'i
:i:i
•iH
10
—2
25-72
■,r-:i:t
-1-6;
.Mean.
48-.17
77-n7
22-1!)
Lower Canada.
Max.
;i3
40
47
HI
1)2
'ja
IIIU
mil
!)»
!>!•
40
4.1
68-2.1
Min.
Mean
— 2:t
-29
-2(1
I)
:iii
.1.1
02
.18
:io
!)
— i:)
—21
11-14
Ill-fill
IJ-l:)
48 cjl
ti7-8l
7i)-:ii
82-2
71-7
.l!)-l(i
32-21
17-44
11-1)4
42-1
V JUWR.
lipper Canatta.
Clear.
(Inyn.
IM
11
21
2.1
22
22
2.1
21
21
II
II
314
<)<i-:(n .i8-.s;i 77-,i4
;l8-(i(i -24-33 11-25
Rain or
Snow.
days.
8
10
8
3
5
8
3
5
5
8
14
12
89
.14
NUOW.
55 rain
Oloudjr,
ilayi.
9
7
2
4
4
(i2
.•nadk.
Clear.
day*.
23
21
2.1
25
23
2fi
2fi
Hi
18
Hi
II
23
250
,l-«ys.
I
3
3
3
4
2
3
12
8
5
7
2
iC.loudr
' (layi.
4
a
3
»
4
2
2
3
5
R
10
5
50
21
snow.
35 rain.
53
The winter of Upper Canada, although not at pre-
sent severe, is becoming milder every year as cultiva-
tion extends. It is a great error to suppose that the
great Lakes, Ontario, 8cc. arc frozen over at any time,
they are always open in the centre, freijucntly exhi-
biting a beautiful and striking phenomenon during
the inclement season, by reason of the water being
warmer than the circumambient atmosphere, an eva-
poration resembling steam, may be observed ascend-
ing in every variety of shape, in clouds, columns and
pyramids, with uncommon grandeur and magnificence
from the vast surfaces of Ontario, Krie, Huron and
Superior, as if from so many boiling cauldrons.
The chain of shallow lakes which run in an east
and south-easterly direction from Lake Simcoe to-
wards the midland district, are seldom frozen more
than inch thick until about Christmas, and they are
again open before Aiiril.
The earth in Upper Canada is not generally frozen
at a greater depth than from 12 to 18 inches, and the
snow rarely lies at a greater depth than from Irt
inches to two feet unless when drifted. It is very
seldom that the roads are in a permanent condition
for the use of the steiii^h or currioli' bef(ue the second
week in January, and they are again broken up by the
end of March : this shows the duration of sharp frosts
and snow : in fact a labouring man may, if he chuses,
work at all times out of doors : in Lower Canada, at
the more northerly stations, it would be impossible
so to do.
Meteorology of Kingston, for 1832.
Months.
Max.
Min.
Med.
Weather and Winds.
January ....
4.'-.
10
19
Hard frost and snow — Winds easterly.
February .
40
20
11
Ditto ditto.
March
r,4
4
27
Much frost ditto.
April
51
26
40
Cold Variable.
Mav
74
40
r>H
Some frost, rainv ditto.
June
78
.M
66
Generally line ditto.
July
'JO
r.o
70
Ditto ditto.
August
88
r>\
67
Occasionally wet and showery — ditto.
September
72
46
60
Wet, stormy and changeable.
October .
4r>
.'J2
49
Wet.
November
3<»
.36
37
Variable, with snow— N. N. W. & S. W.
December
28
2.5
26
Very variable S. W.
VI. The people of Upper Canada are among the ]
most favoured on earth ; they enjoy peace, liberty, i
security and abundance on a fertile soil, and in a |
healthful climate, with an almost total exemption
from burthens of any kind. To demonstrate the ex-
traordinary increase of this population, and their dis- 1
tribution throughout the province, is the object of |
this section. I
The earliest European settlers in Upper Canada
were some French families, who colonized about the
banks of the Detroit and on the St. Lawrence, pre-
vious to the British acquisition of the province, after
which period the settlements of Europeans, or loyal
inhabitants from the the United States, began to be
encouraged.
In 1806, the number of mouths was estimated at
IH4
%\a
IIITKR CANAOA.— POPULATION.
^70,7IH; in iHll.at 77,000; but the war with the
United States tended much to check the prosperity,
and with it the increase of population in the province.
According to some returns before me, tlie number
of males and females were in the following years
thus —
The foregoing return was furnished by the Colonial OIHcc to the statistical department of the Board of Trmjiv
The Population of Upper Canada from IH23 to 1835, deduced from the Returns to the House of Assembly.
Years
MalM
Fein,
Total.
YMrt
MalM
Pem.
Tntnl 1
1 '1
1821..
65792' 48795
1 22587
IR.11..
~ 1
i-l
1H23. .
79J3H 70931
1501 69
1N32. .
130003
117039
247ntj n
lit;'
1H27..
95903 H5H42
IHI715
1833..
N
I HI
IH2H. .
99405 H9«9')
I8H55H
IN34..
1
1 <ll
1820,.
103289 02HHOi 1901 65
IH35..
1
1830..
..
23AlAt
1H36..
194064
173597
3676(11 1
DISTRICTS.
Eastern... .,
Ottawa. . ..
Johnstown
Bathurst.. .
Midland....
Newcastle..
Home
Gore
Niagara . . .
London. . . ,
Western . . ,
Total.
1H23.
14879
2.'') CO
14741
I0I2I
27(;y5
9292
I6ri09
131.17
17.').')2
f)9.')2
151097
iH2r,.
17099
3009
IMM
113fi4
2942,5
12017
19000
13020
190.''.9
16822
7.')33
1827.
1C3702
183fi8
313;)
16719
12207
30000
12283
2129.5
1.54 83
19.500
18912
79.56
1828.
175850
18165
3732
17399
14516
31293
13337
22927
15834
20177
19813
8333
1830.
21168
4456
21961
20212
36322
16498
32871
23552
21974
26I80I
9970
1832.
1833.
21765
5293
24299
20636
37457
21091
40650
21181
2HH41
10627
22286
6348
27058
22286
42294
25560
47650
3 1 820
24772
33225
11788
Increase
in ten
years.
185526 235164 234840 295087
7407
3788
17317
12065
14599
1 6268
388.53
18677
7220
21374
4836
1835.
29119
7044
28304
22693
34365
30245
47543
40156
28735
39503
14496
162404 322203
Thus the increase of European, and European
descended population, between 1823 and 1833, was
162,404; this is exclusive of the Indian population,
whose numbers, though fast diminishing, amount,
according to some estimates, to 28,000. Mr. McTag-
gart, the engineer, collected in 1828, the following
data of the Indian population throughout North
America : he did not state on what authority he gave
these figures, and it is difficult to place reliance on
the number he mentions, namely, upwards of two
millions and a half. I give his statement without
further comment than a hope it may be true, and
that every effort will be made to preserve from fur-
ther destruction, by the Europeans, so fine a race as
the North American Indians, which I regret my limits
forbid my giving an historical account of. The follow-
ing table will shew the increase of male and female
population separately at two periods, and the extent
occupied and cultivated in 1832.
White Population of Upper Canada in 1823 and 1832, exclusive of King's troops j* and total population in l83(i,t
British Possessions.
Natives.
Possessions of Uni-
ted .States.
Natives.
15000
28000
12000
5000
4000
3000
4000
30
3650
285000
654000
84000
Indiana
]•> 101)1)
Upper Canada
New Brunswick
Nova Scotia
Cape Breton
Prince Edwards' la.
land.
Newfoundland
Anticosti
Louisiana
lH(ilM)U
DlBtrjct of Colombia.
Michigan 'Icrrltory ,
Mlshiiiiri Territory..
Mississippi Ti'tritory
Northwest Territory
Illinois Terrttury... .
In the other eigh-
teen states.
Total
i'.'filllKI
•j:liiO(i
51000
2100(1
62000
5000
Labrador
North-west territory
llnntinK Ground of
the Hiidson's Bay
Company.
Esquimaux Country.
815000
Total
IO9768O
1516000
Is
<
In 1823.
In 1832.
Id 1836.
Acres of Land.
DISTRICTS.
91
u
■a
3
t-
Males.
Females.
Total. 1 i
1 S
1
1
1
In 1832.
Total
Acres ii(
Under
I6yr3.
Above
I6yrs.
Under
i6yr».
Above
Iflyrs.
Cultl-
vated.
Uncul-
tivated
Land.
Eastern
Ottawa
Bathurst ....
Johnstown ..
Midland ....
Newcastle
Home
Gore
Niagara
London
Western ....
1325
1118
1700
1650
3492
3024
3672
1836
1080
3204
1928
7707
1479
5272
78H5
14788
4988
8591
6838
9128
8813
3749
7172
1081
4849
6856
12907
4304
8018
6319
8424
7798
3203
14379
2560
10121
14741
2769s
9292
16609
131.57
•17552
16611
6952
5640
246
4973
6280
9419
2277
9897
7421
6362
7707
2819
5692
366
5353
6645
10373
2470
113,50
8028
6312
7553
2820
5208
265
4673
5671
8947
2042
9489
6876
6708
7361
2702
5692
252
4673
5703
8718
1927
9914
6849
5799
6320
2286
21765 1197s
5293' 3989
119636' 12658
24299 16123
37457 25094
8716 17506
40650 j 28759
55488 23411
24181 15496
28841 24989
10627 9271
10936
3498
11469
14462
22645
1543(1
25116
20509
14951
22106
7794
22911
7487
24127
30585
57739
32936
53875
43920
30447
47096
I7O65
66435
12775
44996
69534
154936
796235
115053
130821
106324
104205
29651
341960
20409
313.303
29761
432055
346220
548238
421088
352913
480396
184819
4(P83!)i
103IH4
3:)H-JIJ9
Ssfi^DI
1142455
6(13291
551909
4592:17
'iH4601
214470
Total ..
24029
7923H
70931
150169
63041
66962
58942
5b097
276953
I8927I
168916
358187
1630965
3541162
5172127
City of Toronto (Home District), males, 4,793 ; females, 4,861 j grand total, 367,841.
King's troops, in 1823— men, 1,123 ; women, 102; children, 168. The number was less in 1832.
* The black population is not distinguished from white In this return.
t Dai'ington, Levant, and Horton not included, and amount to 790 souls.
in
Malet
rem.
Tntfti
1..
J..
130003
II 7030
a47nij
4..
I040A4
173197
3()7fitli
: oftheDoard of Trndc
c House of Assembly,
Increase
in ten
1835.
years.
7407
2<J11!>
3788
7044
17317
28304
12065
226<J3
14.599
3436,')
16268
3024.-.
.'{8853
47.')4:t
18677
40 me.
7220
28735
21374
3!)5()3
4836
1441)6
162404 322203
cssionn of Uni.
tea Males.
Natives.
na
Viumu
»iana
1 HtillOO
let of ('olnml)lB.
ajfiiino
ignn Territory .
i>:liMiii
iiiri Territory..
51000
sslppi Territory
■21001)
iwest Territory
62000
is Territory... .
.'lOOO
c other eigh-
81.i000
states.
Total i5if)Oon
pnlatlon in ISiiG.f
ores of Land.
In 1832.
Total
Acre.H iif
Land,
Jlti-
Uneul-
ited.
tivated
man
341960
4(18395
27" S
20409' IU3184
4tfy()
3133031 3.58299
ysji
29761
99295
4036
432U55
5sea9l
623I)
346220
11424.i5
5053
548238
fiti3291
9821
421088
551909
)324
352913
4592:17
1205
480396
■iH460l
1651
184819
214470
1965
3541162
5172127
IM'PKll CANADA.— I'OI'ULATION-KASTK.IIN. 186
the following returns were printed liy the House ol
As»rinl)ly in Ih.'k;, ncconlinn to returns sent iiiti)
the I.eijlslatur • lor the yeiir lHa5. They are the latest
documents nt the Colniiial OlHee in .Inly Im.Im, nnil an
exniniiintion of them will riiahle the iiiuler to ju(l(5C
ol' the state of tlie colony in point of agriculture and
wealth.
In rnnscqucncc of the increasing interest felt in
Kngtand for every thinj? relatini? to the Canados, and
specially as n-Kiirds the ll|>|(er I'lovinre, where so
many persons hiive now fmnilies and friends, as also
on account of tlie Held for eini;;rntion which those
colonies present, a more detnlled view of the stntis-
tu:^a&C. of each district or county imist be acceijtable ;
EASTERN DISTRICT CKNSUS
Population.
Land Rateable
Cattle.
I
Counties and
Townships.
B
« .
1
s
3
>
1
1
1
L'uctjltivated
Acres.
Cultivated
Acres.
Horses 3 years
old and up-
wards.
Oxen 4 years
old and up-
wards.
t
u
Homed Cattle
2 to 4 years
old.
Gi.ENOAUKV.
I.anca.ster .
691
610
685
636
2652
4023H
743 1
5.^1
76
1102
247
30940
Cliaiiottenburgh .
1208
1U8
1340
1282
4978
5893H
16426
1000
196
2016
5 15
58'ji'6
Kenyon
524
522
4H3
461
1990
43956
.3412
317
82
706
128
18(;42
l.ochiel
614
605
645
570
2434
43351
6306
464
112
991
221
24861
Total .
3037'2915
3I5;(
12054
186483
33575
2335
466
48 1 5
1 141
I3:t36;»
Stormont.
Cornwall Town .
359
334
584
464
1741
Do. Township &
1136
1000
1287
1078
'.510
50808
12317
1078
249
1779
292
68068
Roxl)orouf,'h.
rinch
106
107
199
113
52;-.
9366
935
82
30
197
22
4862
Osrinbruck .
2006
H62 1023
8«0
4771
33419
9734
661
106
1087
267
37957
Total
3607 2.-? 1 2
3093
253.'i
11547
93592
22986
if/21
385
3063 5h 1
1 10887
DUK" .8.
I
i
Williainaburgh
.W8, MO
538
502
2128
29590t
6314
501
115
803 190
27620
Mntildn
673' .^,54
553
507
2187
2531-1
5181
344
107
692 141
18931
Mountain .
257 1S7
232
1!»6
872
139991
2079
101
118
276
75
8291
Winchester .
73: 74
125
:>9
331
60S9,
509
35
40
92
16
3033
Total .
1461,1345
1448 1264
5518
74995
14083
981
3 HO
1863
422
57875
Grand Total
8105
6572
7694,
6748
291 1'J
1
355070
70644
5137
1231
9741
2147
302131
.\ssessmeiit for district purposes, at the rate of one penny in the pound, in 1835, 1,888/.
in 1832.
It will be perceived from tiie foregoing, that the
eastern di\ ision is formed into three counties, and
these .igain subdivided into 12 townships. The dis-
trict comnunces at the boundary I'lic separating Up-
per and Lower Canada, and runs plonp; the St. Law-
rence, with part of Lake St. Francis (an expansion of
the St. Lawrence), and the Long Sanlt rapid in front,
until it reaches the adjoining district of Johnstown:
Inland, it is bounded by the Ottawa district. A range
of elevated land commences at Lochiel, and runs
diagonally to the township of Matilda, whence it
passes into the adjoining district,
N. B. — As every statistical information that can be
collected relative to the native population that once
occupied the country now tenanted by Europeans and
their descendants, must prove interesting, I give the
following return, printed in the Annual Register, to-
wards the close of the last vx-ntury : " The names of
the different Indian nations in North America, w-ch
tlie numbers of their fighting men, from the best au-
thority 1 have boen able to collect, are as follow ; on
the Mobile and Mississippi, the Clioctaws .>r Flatheads,
The soil is rich, and well watered, cultivated and
fertile. Some of it has been granted to discharg..J
soldiers, and a good deal to the children of New Eng-
land loyalists, and the Canada company possess some
lot.-- in it. There are nearly 15 acres of rateable land
in the district to each individual, of which about 2i
acre.s are cultivated by each man. The male popula-
tion does not so far outnumber the female as might
be supposed in a new country. The inhabitants un-
der l(i years of age, exceed those above that period
of life.
4,500; the Natches, 150; the Chickesaws, 750. The
Cherokees, behind South Carolina, 2,500 ; the Cataw-
bas, between North and South Carolina, 150; the
Pian'.ias, a wandering tribe on both sides of the Mis-
sissippi, 800 ; the Kasquuasquias, or Illinois in gene-
ral, on the Illinois river, and between the Ouabache
and the Mississippi, 600. On the Ouabache, the
Piankishaws, 250 ; the Ou.-.chtenons, 400 ; the Kika-
pous, 300. The Shawnese, on t\\e Siotto, 500. The
Delawares, on the west of the Ohio, 300. The Mla-
H B
i'lriii
1 t . I'
'.^ii
.lUf!
*i Ft;
lar,
UPPER CANADA.— POPULATION— OTTAWA.
mis, on the Misamis river, falling into Lake Erie and
the Miniamis, 3.')0. The upper Creeks, back of Geor-
gia, the middle Creeks, behind West Florida, the
lower Creeks, in East Florida, 4,000. The Caouitas,
on the east of the river Alibnmous, 700 ; the Aliba^
moua, on the west of the Alibamous, fiOO ; the Akan •
saws, on the Aknnsaw river falling into the Missis-
sippi on the west side, 2,000 ; the Ajoues, north of
the Missouri, 1,000; the I'addoucas, west of the Mis-
sissippi, .'iOO. South of the Missouri, tnc white Panis,
2,000 ; the freckled or pricked Panis, 2,000 ; the
Causes, 1,000; the Osages, 600; the Grnndes Eaux,
1,000. The Missouri, ujion the river Missouri, .'1,000.
Towards the heads of the Mississippi, the Sioux of
the woods, 1,800; the Sioux of the meadows, 2,. "iOO.
The Blancs, Barbus, or White Indians with beards,
1,500. Far north near the lakes of the same name,
the Assiniboils, L.'iOO; the Christaneaux, 3,000.
The Ouiscansins, on a river of that name that falls
into the Mississippi on the east side, .550. South of
Puans Bay, the Mascoutens, 500 ; the Sakis, 400 ;
the Mechecouakis, 250. Near Pucans Bay, Folle
Avoine, or the Wildout Indians, 350 ; the Pucans,
700. The Powtewatamis, near St. Joseph's Uiver,
and Detroit, 350 ; the Messesagues, or River Indians,
being wandering tribes on the Lakes Huron and Su-
perior, 2,000. Near the Lakes Superior and Michi-
gan, the Ottahwas, 900; the Chipwas, 5,000. The
Wiandots, near Lake Erie, 300 ; the Six Nations, or
as the French call them, the Iroquois, on tnt fron-
tiers of New York, &c., 1,500; the Round-headed
Indians, near the head of the Ottahwa River, 2,500 ;
the Algonquins, near the above, 300 ; the Nipissins,
near the above also, 400. St. Laurence Indians, uu
the back of Nova Scotia, &c., the Chalas, 130 ; the
Amelistes, 550 ; the Michmacks, 700. The Abena-
(juis, 350. The Conawaghrunas, near the falls of
St. Lewis, 200 : total amount, 58,1)30. This being
the whole number of men tit for bearing arms, from
hence we may be enabled to form some idea of the
number of all the Indian inhabitants, men, women and
children, on the continent of North America ; which
calculation, however, I am ready to confess can be but
rather a vague conjecture.
There being 5M,930 warriors, it is computed that
about one-third of the same number more arc old
men unfit for bearing arms, which makes the numhei
of males come to maturity amount to abo\it 88,570 ;
and multiplied by six will produce 531,420, which I
consider as the whole number of soids, viz. men,
women and children, of all the Indian nations that
are come in any degree within our knowledge through-
out the continent of North America.
It is a most melancholy consideration to reflect,
that these few are all that remain of the many mil-
lions of natives, or aboriginal inhabitants with which
this vast continent was peopled when first discovered
by the whites ; and that even these will soon be ex-
tinct and totally annihilated, considering the ama-
zingly rapid depopulation they have hitherto expe-
rienced, since that (to them) fatal period or era of the
first arrival of the whites in America."
The Ottawa district is situate in the rear of the ] its population, cultivation, stock, &c., were as follows
Eastern, bordering on the south shore of the river i in 1835.
Ottawa from the llideau river to the St. Lawrence ; I
OTTAWA DISTRICT, 1835.
Population.
Land Rateable
Cattle.
Counties and Townships.
s
C
S
s
u
T3
a
3
CO
to
1
es
to
OP
>
o
Is
o
■3
— Si
Cultivated
Acres.
6
i
X
4
c
K
o
o
■a
I' .
A
O
a,
PRKSCOTT COUNTY.
1
1
Hawkesbury, E.
22"'
207
220
199
853
14003! 2016
124 124
307
46
10783
Ditto W.
44 (>
447
475
413
1801
16633| 4806
212,167
552
168
19403
Longueil ....
2.'>8
246
349
237
1090
120C3I 3357
169,104
285
74
12434
Alfred ....
44
35
49
35
163
4271
297
13 1 26
41
20
1697
Caledonia
93
101
97
83
374
6189
993
53, 30
149
30
407C)
Plantagenet
183
185
212
157
737
11517
1342
59ill2
206
63
6476
Total . .
1251
1221
1402
1124
5018
64616
12811
630
503
1540
401
54869
RUSSEM- COUNTY.
Clarence ....
47
34
57
40
178
5781
363
12
32
47
25
1949
Cumberland
56
51
07
34
208
6985
395
10
32
41
10
2578
Gloucester
287
273
286
235
1081
17238
1859
72
110
302
88
9016
Osgoode ....
126
135
131
131
523
13442
852
14
82
153
68
4587
Cambridge
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
..
• •
.,
, ,
Russell ....
8
5
16
7
••
2226
74
4
12
12
7
1027
Total . .
524
498
557
447
2026
45672
3543
112
268
555
198
19157
Grand Total . .
1775
1719
1959
1571
7044
110288
16354
742
831
2095
599
74026
* District assessment of one penny in the pound for 1835, 30SI. ; number of rateable inhabitants, 883.
tahwa River, 2,500 ;
.'tOO; the Nipissins,
.aurLiice Indians, on
he Chains, 1.30 ; the
, 700. The Ahena-
i, near the falls of
r)8,<J30. This being
hearing arms, from
II some idea of tlit-
Its, men, women and
rth America ; whicli
confess can be but
it is computed that
imher more arc old
1 makes the niimhei
It to abont 8H,,'>70 ;
ce r).Tl,420, which I
'j( souls, viz. men,
Indian nations that
knowledge through-
ca.
deration to reflect,
1 of the many mil-
abitants with which
hen first discovered
?se will soon be cx-
isidering the ama-
avc hitherto expc-
period or era of the
ca."
Ice., were as follows
UPPKH CANADA.— POPULATION— JOHNSTOWN.
187
attle.
Cows,
d Cattle, i
*
ilch
orne
&c.
0)
o
S| =
£
.■^07
4r.
10783
r,i,2
1()8
19403
285
74
12434
41
20
1697
149
30
4076
206
63
6476
1540
401
54869
47
25
1949
41
10 257H
302
SK
9016
153
68
4587
• •
12
* 7
1027
555
198
19157
oyr)
599
74026
The Ottawa district is thinly settled ; the lands are
t,-ooi1, but low and marshy. Along the Ki<leau ciinnl
eultivation is being extended; and as cultivation in-
ereascs, those very lands which are now considered
useless marsliy soils, will become the most fertile
sections of the country. There are nearly 18 acres]
of area rateable to each individual, of which somewhat i
more than two acres are cultivated by each. The (lis- 1
proportion of males to fii..ttles is very tiilliiig, and
the inhabitants under Iti years of age, are within 62 of
the same amount as those above that period of life.
The proportion of stock in the district is small, com-
pared with other parts of the country.
•lohnstown District, lies along the St. Lawrence
river to the westward of the Ottawa and I'.astern Dis-
tricts. The llidcau canal passes through it.
JOHNSTOWN niSTlllCT CENSUS. 1835.
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
Counties and Townships.
o
1
u
CI
a
3
01
>
o
ca
-o
3
Total.
•2
5
S .
a, C
c
d Cattle
two to
yrs. old.
.
"og
ca
c
13
S
a
0) .
12 !2
>,
I!
X u
>'
13
Hornt
from
four
i
<
I.EKDS COUNTY.
lUirgcss ....
105
113
94
100
412
11029
1656
41
76
149
91
£5469
Crosby N. ...
110
78
79
87
35 »
3225
394
31
48
104
42
2558
Kitley ....
451
467 373
406
1697
17193
4502
178
247
498
282
13588
Yonge ....
785
883 719
8.">2
3239
.34297
10325
489
441
1320
347
34830
Leeds and Lansdown Rear .
250
247j 217' 239
953
12948
2640
139
159
347
175
10466
Kliznbeth's Town
1389
126!)ll2.')6;i270
.MHI
4S824
1.^800! 860! 480,1721
552
75593
Dastard ....
497
509 428
478
1912
15652
5857! 301 1 269
695
292
19381
Grosby S. .
166
166 147
143
622
11351
2349
84
120
237
119
8126
Leeds and Lansdown Front
380
345| 298
336
1359
19978
3421
137
182
457
171
15725
Klmsley ....
326
4459
3,54i 273
309
1262
20455
2276
110
211
448
111
13251
Total .
4431
3884
4220
16994
194952
49220
2370
2233
5979
2185
198987
ORENVII.LE COUNTY.
1
Oxford ....
448
426
371
416
1661
20132
4323
157
180
466
167
16084
Edwardsburgh
.527
499
479
499
2004
26236
5373
335
214
695
! 180
23774
Wolford ....
310; 297
259
270
1136
11470
3468
151
136
370
176
12131
Gower S. .
177; 174
14.-.
145
641
7563
3014
110 64
218
75
7801
Montague ....
1311 344
246
300
1021
16960
2922
100] 186[ -112
88
10851
Gower N
97 110
77
94
378
6878
881
34
47 126
30
3184
Marlborough
130 157
122
10.-.
514
9383
1400
51
98l 186
63
5266
Augusta ....
1065 1045
1039
2738
1006
4155
37560
11212
590
352
1277
1197
1 215
50968
Total .
2885 3052
2835
11510
136182
32593' 1.528
3670
994
130359
Grand total .
7344
7483
6622'7055
i
28504
331134
81813
3898
351o'9649
3179
£329346
bitauts, 8t)3.
The soil in Johnstown is generally good, and it is
advantageously situated. There are about 14 acres
of land rated to each l.idividual, of which tiicre are
nearly three acres of cultivated to each mouth. The
number of jieople under 16 years of age, exceed by
1,150 those above that age. This proportion of chil-
dren to adults is a striking feature iu all new coun-
tries ; it would appear to lie an effort of nature to till
up a vacuum. To accom| lish this, it has been fre-
rpieiitly observed that the proj.ortion of f;male biiths
exceeds those of males; in I'pper Canndii this doe>-
not seem at present to be the case, but the period for
the necessity of such a law may be past, and a due
proportion of males to females required. Certain it
is, that there are as fixed laws relative to male and
female products in every class of creation in reference
to increase and decrease, as there are in the more ap-
parent laws of matter and motion. We have not yet,
perhaps, a sufficiency of facts generalized, to indicate
fully those laws ; but the statistics tiow collecting in
VHrious countries, will, it is hoped, enable us to solve
this interesting, and in many respects important pro-
blem, in the history of civilization.
The townships on the Ottawa, N.W. of Rathurst
di-strict, are in much request : lumberers now go 150
miles beyond Lake Chat ; and, as the Ottawa has few
rapids to the northward, towards its junction with
Lake Nipissing, we may cotnmand a shorter commu-
nication between Montreal and Georgiana Bay, and
Lake Huron, than that we now have through Lakes
Ontario, Erie, an.l the Detroit, with the great addi-
tional advantage of ii s being beyond the threats of the
American Government. A great part of this district
is colonized by Highland and Lowland Scotchmen,
whose prudent, thrifty habits admirably tit them for
emigrants. Here we find the proportion of females to
males doubled, although the numbers above 16 and
under 16 years of age are nearly equal. There are
uj'wards of 18 acres of rateable land to each mouth,
and more than 2 acres cultivated ; but the propor-
tion of hands cultivating 57il97 acres is very small,
namely, 2,855 men, t. c. 20 acres to each person,
1H8 Ul'FER CANADA— I'OPULATION'—BATHURST.
The District on the north bounded by the river Ottawa, is called the Bathurst District. Census in 1836.
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
Counties
and
Townships.
a
3
en .
"3 •"
U
a
3
£
>
en •
n
Is
■i
icultivated
Acres.
ultivated
Acres.
E
o
(A
!*
o
■*-»
o
1
o
o
2
s
U-*
S
f^
o o
K
O
s
X
£
CABLKTON COUNTY
Nepean . . .
704
945
684
853
3186
23988
4145
307
210
586
93
27748
Goulburn . . .
f;33
603
587
507
2330
32064
5946
157
281
593
251
19549
March ....
14H
101
157
132
538
15120
1953
57
96
233
50
7592
Torbolton . . .
47
23
59
61
190
5940
496
11
34
54
25
2295
Fitzroy ....
183
169
334
176
762
24250
1194
71
i46
198
194
9813
Huntley . . .
•JUVI
283
337
307
1189
25460
2684
80
195
386
127
11091
Pakenham . . .
147
2124
127
207
201
682
9640
1847
33
102
170
249
5656
Total . .
2251
2365
2237
8877
136462
18265
716
1070
2210
995
83744
LANARK COUNTY.
Becivwith . . .
5fi7
459
556
643
2125
31487
5634
150
348
671
183
1 9009
Drumtnond . .
698
679
1T2
673
2822
323701 6810
191
331
840
193
27690
Bathurst . . .
C3,S
579
541
498
2251
3375(J 6572
172
363
799
:'32
21417
Slierbrooke, N. .
103
91
101
71
366
5681 897
8
66
95
2747
Ditto, S. .
33
51
41
43
168
4311 321
1
18
45
01
1398
Dalhousie . . .
284
289
273
262
1108
21295
4576
45
252
379
194
11824
M'Nab ....
94 1 224
84
111
513
10650
856
16
97
115
52
4659
Lanark ....
,123: 423
491 413
1850
30277
6534
104
304
644
270
18445
Ramsay . . .
473| 557
585
573
2188
35502
5469
120
401
631
249
20254
Darling . . .
54 1 55
47
41
197
3450
482
4
39
50
20
1536
Horton . . .
44
3500
32
99
53
228
8120
781
9
43
62
25
3460
Total . .
3439
3590
3381
13816
216899
38932
820
2262
4331
1591
132439
Grand Total . .
5630
5690
5955
5618
22693
353361
57197
1530
3332
0541 12586
216183
Assessments, in 1832, £746.
The next division as we proceed westward, is tiie
long and extensive tract called the Midland District,
whose base or southern extremity rests on the St.
Lawrence and Lake Ontario, in the parallel of 44" S.
latitude, while its northern boundary extends to 40.30,
and is terminated on the N.E. by the Ottawa river.
These five districts may be considered as form-
ing the eastern section of the province, and pre-
sent generally a moderately-elevated table land de-
clining towards its numerous water courses. The
timber of the forests is large and lofty, and of every
variety. The soil, though moist and marshy in many
places, is extremely rich, consisting chiefly of a brown
clay and yellow loam, admirably adapted to the growth
of wheat and every species of grain : the rivers and
lakes are extremely numerous ; of the former may be
mentioned as most conspicuous the Ilideau, Petite
Nation, Mississippi and Madawaska, which have their
sources far in the interior, generally to the westward,
and which fall into the Ottawa: the Gannanoqui,
Raisin, Cataraqui, Napanee, Salmon, Moira, and part
of the Trent discharge theniselve."( into the Bay of
Quinte and the St. Lawrence. These streams, besides
fertilizing ihe lands through which they meander,
atl'ord, in general, convenient inland communications,
and turn numerous grist, carding, fulling, and saw
mills.
Besides ninnerous inferior lakes there are the Ki-
deau, Gannano(iui, White (Henderson's), Mud, Devil,
Indian, Clear, Irish, Loughborough, Mississippi, Olden,
Clarendon, Barrie, Stoke, Marmora, Collin.s, Blunder,
Angus, and Ossinicon. There are many roads through-
out the section; the principal one is along the St.
Lawrence, betweei. Montreal and Kingston, traversing
Cornwall and Lancaster, through which a line of stage
coaches run daily (except Sundays) between the two
l)rovinces when steam-boats cannot traverse. King-
ston, the maritime capital of Upper Canada, has to
the westward the fine Quintt tract in a prosperous
state of cultivation.
Bytown, in Nepean, on the south bank of the Ot-
{ tawa, is most picturesquely situate ; as is also Kinnol
i Lodge, the romantic residence of the highland chief-
j tain, M'Nab, on the broad, bold, and abrupt shore of
, the lake of Chats. Perth is a thriving village in the
j township of Drummond, on a branch of the Rideau,
occupying a ce-itrnl position between the Ottawa and
1 St, Lawrence.
i :
Census in 1835.
u
)
».
>.
rl
t
2
B.
-)
O
1
£
93
2774K
51
19549
5G
7592
25
2295
94
9813
27
11091
49
5G56
95
83744
1 9009
27rp90
21417
2747
1398
11824
4G59
18445
20254
153('.
34G0
132439
1G183
coniinunicatioiis,
iliing, and saw
here are the Hi
s), Mud, Devil,
sissippi, Olden,
llins, liluiider,
roads through-
along the St.
ston, traversing
h a line of stage
etwcen the two
raverse. King-
Canada, has to
a prosperous
ank of the Ot-
is also Kinnel
liighland chief-
brupt shore of
village in the
)f the llidcau,
he Ottawa and
UPPER CANADA.— POPULATION— MIDLAND.
MIDLAND DISTRICT, 1835.
189
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
Counties
(U
1
1
<u
and
Townships.
-a
c
3
■a
c
s
<u
>
1
2
tivated
•res.
73
a 4>
cn
*->
4) to
TO ^^
l2
Is
3<
a
P
QJ
f.
o
c
_5J
S
£
s
c2
H
1
u
X
O
§
"-Fi
a.
Frontrnac
1
COL'NTV.
i
Kingston Town
907
952
1165
1257
4281
. ,
134
110
, ,
84610
Ditto Township
9H7
870
933
823
3613
32740
12145
619
266i
1313
261
43492
Pittsburgh
324
321
435
303
1383
17162
4515
229
156
424
185
17230
Loughborough
385
351
386
312
1434
14006
581.S
243
1561
592
228
15613
Portland
190
183
162
135
670
10339
2559
113
127:
279
142
7782
Wolf Island .
135
116
155
124
530
7315
1909
89
96|
270
82 5771
Total .
2928
2793
3236
29.54
11911
81562
26943
1427
801 1
2988
898
174498
Lennox and
Addington County.
Ernestown
962
894
1038
978
3872
36045
20897
966
326'
1885
574
62696
I'rederieksburgh
693
592
696
613
2594
22199
13617
688
261
1262
348
38573
Adolphus Town
157
145
190
169
661
5250
6043
204
64
381
91
14097
Richmond
430
439
427
346
1642
22129
5998
322
183
715
217
22551
Camden .
699
613
643
547
2502
30305
8583
346
316
922
345
27058
Sheffield
82
71
94
62
309
5630
587
27
63
93
18
2814
Amherst Island
188
178
214
158
738
8225
2575
107
123
266
69
7001
Total .
3211
2932
3302
2873
12318
129783
58300
2660 1336
5524
1665
174890
Prince Edward's
County.
Maryeburgh .
546
.537
529
453
2065
23205
9072
415
291
886
249; 28280
Hallowell
1005
972
1094
963
4034
37572
22274
997
321
2034
4521 68153
Sophiasburgh .
555
518
629
1 539
2241
24573
14240
639
275
1168
302
43356
Hillier .
449
510
483
397
1839
16621
12793
390
190
762
173
30963
Ameliasburgh .
558
513
566
504
2141
26589
10521
465
290
913
284] 30784
Total .
3113
3050
3301
2856
12320
128560
68900
2906
1367
5763
1460
201536
IIastino's County.
Sidney .
693
670
684
588
2635
30941
14324
522
373
1 145
392
41.341
Thuiiow
888
868
1324
858
303»
26999
10171
572
241
1081
310
51738
Rawilon .
179
149
169
128
625
6994
1575
88
1 90
205
74
6373
Marmora
70
70
74
69
273
7644
1006
32
i 64
120
62
4059
Huntingdon .
118
100
121
98
437
8695
1 222
57
i 32
153
51
4246
Madoc .
102
95
100
68
365
7887
932
39
1 70
115
46
3745
Tyendinaga
385
345
405
308
1443
17224
3227
172
234
471
137
13221
Hungerford .
110
97
116
97
420
10125
736
36
77
97
43
4016
1
Total .
2545
2394
2993
2204
10136
116509
33193
1508
1231
3387
11 15; 128739
Grand Total .
11797
11169
12832
10887
46685
356414
187336
1
8501
4735
17662
5138
1679663
1
The central section of Upper Canada embraces the
large districts of Newcastle and Home, with a frontage
of 120 miles along Lake Ontario, in 44.30. latitude,
and stretching back northerly to the Ottawa, Nipis-
sing Lake, and Fiench rivei in 46.30. N. latitude. The
progressive settlement of the country is exemplified in
the following return of the population of the Home Dis-
trict, since 1791. In 1799.224; 1800, 1.027; 1801,
2,288; 1802, 3,370; 1803,3,328; I 804, 3,373 ; 1805,
3,781; (1806, No return;) 1807,4,398; (1808, No
(1810
8,450 ;
1822,
17,732
to 1816, No returns;)
1819, 9,380; 1820,
13,870; 1823, 14,877 ;
; 1826, 19,670; 1827,
return;) 1809, 6,171
1817, 7,230; 1818,
10,833; 1821, 12,845
1824, 16,461; 1825,
21,329; 1828, 22,927; 7829,25,093; 1830,28,565;
1831, 32,841; 1832, 40,650; 1833, 47,650; 1831,
; 1835,47,543; 1836, .53,875. — Tonmin Cou-
riiT.
The division and stati>*tics of Newcastle are thus —
!il
I'M
190
UPPER CANADA— POPULATION— NEWCASTLE.
NEWCASTLE DISTRICT CENSUS, 183.'i.
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
.2 -c
(J j»
X) >•
z *->
Counties
and
Township.
Males under
If..
Females under
If..
Males above
16.
Females above
16.
Total.
Uncultivated
Acres.
■a
it .
■y in
i
o
Oxen.
if
o
U
1
NoRTHu.MnERL.\ND County.
Hamilton ....
927
847 1055
877
3708
26702
13159
571
262 1022
457
50391
Haldimand
537
561 638
.'■>59
2295
22730
12483
383
296
801
309
29370
Cramahe
5f.5
5(:7 597
518
2247
24859
100;i9
335
3U0
730
241
31623
Murray ....
511
463' 597
491
2064
28441
7773
347
374
743
123
28557
Seymour ....
138
120| 249
131
638
19156
1205
17
124
102
27
7252
Peicy ....
125
117
145
125
512
667(1
1855
80
84
162
94
628(1
Asphodel ....
112
99
122
95
428
13253
1619
22 111
124
76
5983
Otonabee ....
32f)
281
363
290
1260
29420
4268, .54
261
396
225
16334
Douro ....
182
1.54
223
185
744
16385
1730
37
14<
175
57
7974
Dummer ....
176
142
216
160
693
18194
875
2
88
164
48
5586
Smith ....
287
259
306
235
1087
21172
4077
66
215
333
209
11707
Ennismore
G7
53
69
47
236
5112
604 1 4
44
48
42
2044
Moiiaghan
402
334
476
394
1607
14361
1615| 151 193
351
174
17750
Total . .
4355
3997
5055
4107
17519'
246455
61302207212495 5151:2082
1 1 1
220851
DuHiiAM County.
1
Hope ....
f.45
646
796
652
2739
27835
10531
494 323 863
213
41515
Mariposa ....
137
223
149
106
615
10468
799
21 lOl'i 150
50
4001
Clarke ....
439
374
469
353
1635
1968(1
6244
199
307
452
173
17015
Darlington
488
448
.531
398
1865
25746
5686! 200
291
560
193
21287
Eklon ....
178
180
180
156
694
1433:^
11631 7
63
166
42
5337
Ops ....
2Gf,
195^ 251
218
931
23077
11981 9
120
211
47
8340
Manvers ....
4r,
28 48
32
LM
3748
2521 3
32
47
15
1307
Kmily ....
395
4221 382
319
1518
26470
26861 63
207
293
146
11654
Cavan ....
757
674' 619
523
2575
36705
85.53
251
436
804
306
25217
Total . .
3351 3!90'3425 2757
1 ' '
12726*
188061
37112
1247 1880
3319,4375
1
3546
1185
135673
Grand Total . .
770f.
7187
8480
6864
30245
434516
98414
86973267
356524
* These totals include 43 insane per
The soil throughout this large district is in general
good, and though the population is large compared
with other districts, there is yet abundance of room
for more settlers. It is well watered by the Rice,
Balsam, Trout, and other lakes, and by the Otanabee
rivers, part of the Trent, &c. Rice Lake, in the dis-
trict of Newcastle, about 15 miles from Lake Ontario,
and lying nearly S W. and N. E., is 25 miles long by
5 wide. Its name is derived from the wild rice grow-
ing on its margin and surrounding marshes. The
principal river on the North British shore of Ontario,
is the Trent, which issuing out of Red Lake, after a
very winding course of 100 miles, falls into the Bay
of Quinte, near the village of Sidney. The Otanabee,
which falls into the north shore of Rice Lake, may be
considered a continuation of the Trent River, of which
the Rice Lake is merely an expansion, as is often the
case in the American rivers. The Otanabee, like the
Trent, is a broad and full river, and both are naviga-
ble for boats. From its source in Trout Lake, it com-
municates by a chain of lakes with Lake Sinicoe,
through which it is proposed to open a canal commu-
nication between Lakes Huron ami Ontario. The ex-
tensive teriitory adjuihing Ncvktastle, with its N. W.
rxtrcmity resting on Gcorgiana Bay (an inlet of Lake
sons, and 61 persons deaf and dumb.
Huron), is termed the Home District, it contains the
capital of Upper Canada, Toronto (late called York).
The central section of Upper Canada does not fall
short in fertility of either the east or west portions of
the province ; it is well watered, the Nottawi.snga,
Holland, Musketlisebt, Beaver, Talbot, and lilack
Rivers fall into Lake Simcoe ; the Credit, Etobicokf,
Humber, and Don Rivers, flow into Lake Ontario.
There are excellent roads throughout the section ; a
canal is projected through the Home District, to con
neet Lakes Huron and Ontario. Toronto, the capital,
is rapidly improving ; in 18.!3, its population was—
males above 16, 2,597 ; males under 16, 1,404 ; total
males, 4,001 ; females above 16, 2,155 ; females under
16, 1,317; total females, 3,472. In the suburbs —
Macs- jiey Town, 558 ; from Osgoodehall, where Ma-
cauley Town ends, to Farr's brewery, Lot-street, 400 ;
from the eastward of King-street to the Don Bridge,
taking in all about the windmill, 300, making a grand
total of 8,731. In 1836, the return gives males, 4,79.3;
females, 4,861 ; total, 9,654. This I presume to l)e
exclusive of the liberties of the city.
The physical aspect of the shores of Ontario exhi-
bits great diversity, towards the N. E. they arc low,
with swampy marshes; to the N. and N. W., the
le.
02-2
801
TM)
743
10:2
1(12
12-1
■M)(>
17")
164
33:5
4«
351
t
O
457
309
241
123
27
94
7<)
225
57
48
209
42
174
50391
29370
3ir,L'3
28557
7252
r>2M
5983
ir,334
7974
558(5
11707
2044
17750
515112082 220851
8 ('.3
213
41515
150
50
4001
452
173
17015
5r,o
193
21287
lfi6
42
5337
211
47
8340
47
15
1307
293
14f.
lUi54
804
30fi
25217
!54t;
1185
135673
!697 3267,356524
trict, it contains tlie
(late called Yorl<).
aiiiida does not fall
or west portions of
, tlie Nottawasaga,
|Tall)ot, and Black
Credit, EtobicoivC,
(into Lake Ontario.
lout the section ; a
luo District, to con
foronto, the capital,
population was —
ler 16, 1,404; total
ll55 ; females under
In the suburbs —
)dehall, where Ma-
l^y. Lot-street, 400 ;
to the Don Bridge,
loo, making a grand
Igives males, 4,793 ;
I presume to be
of Ontario exiii-
. E. they arc low,
and N. W., the
UPPER CANADA,— POPULATION— I lOMK
banks assume a bold appearance, which again subside
to almost a plain on the southi.'rn or American shore;
but well relieved in the back ground by a ridge of
hills, that, after forming the precijiice for the Niagara
cataract, stretches away to the eastward. The coun-
try bordering the lake is well wooded, and through
the rumerous openings the prospect is enlivened by
tiourishing settlements ; the view being extremely
picturesque along the white cliffs of Toronto, and the
high land over Pre'?(|u'islc, called the Devil's Nose.
The principal British naval station in this ncigh-
lioiuhood is Pcntangiiishine (Lat. 45.67. Long. 79.35.),
in the S. E. bight of Georgiana I'lay, (which is studded
191
with tine havens) within Gloucester harbour. The ' easy of cultivation
HOME DISTRICT, 1835.
station is well sheltered by hills of sand and rolled
blocks.
Simcoe Lake, in the Home District, between Lake
Huron and Ont.irio, with an area of 300 square miles,
is the most extensive interior Lake of L'pper Canada;
the elevation of its surface (estimated l)y the height
of the frequent falls and cascades by which its outlet
is broken) is 100 feet above the level of Lake Huron,
and, therefore, much liigher than either Erie or Onta-
tario. It is |)roposed to connect Simcoe with Huron
and Ontario I.akes by canals. The lands in the vicinity
of Luke Simcoe are remarkably line ; and from the
depth of soil, and eciuality of the surface, peculiarly
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
Counties
and
Townships.
Males under
IC.
•a
c
1-
1
>
x> .
a .J
i
■5
E
ii
si
c
■T3
i
X
e
is
U
1
1
•a
8
t-*
X
a.
1
YOIIK COUNTY.
£.
City of Toronto .
2031
2049
2R57
2828
9765
••
95628
York .
1223
1131
1514
1172
5040
36357
13674
697
441
1240
299
51555
Whitby
988
lono
979
841
2808
36661
14523
495' 563
1163
460
44898
Pickering
672
662
721
587
2642
33169
10171
336! 450
889
481
32358
Scarborough
.530
540
556
421
2017
22742
8109
289 251
689
202
22537
Markham
1174
1056
1148
971
4349
43107
20370
838 462
1727
678
60749
Vaughan
770
733
820
662
2985
39016
11699
315, 487
919
362
37901
Whitchurch .
639
584
669
562
2454
25852
10237
482 219
923 1
365'
37154
King
544
428
511
406
1889
29964
5569
219' 299
612 '
'->■)•>
20648
N. CJwillimbury .
130
140
97
114
481
7780
1836
79; 61
181
89
5434
E. Gwillimbury
356
360
305
353
1374
18533
6643
302' 149
604
215
21510
Georgina
100
84
104
81
369
89321 1218
28: 72
95
48
4889
Etobicoke
360
279
396
287
1322
16029 6751
237 236
560
172
18734
Albion .
309
266
283
231
1089
26289 4173i 93; 296
392
l.-,2
13484
Caledon
400
345
365
304
1414
306881 4297
44; 306
410
234
14785
Chinquacousy
662
640
634
492
2428
47293| 12217
293: 555
1030
408
32089
Reach .
124
106
115
99
444
9118, 1002
33 69
125
37
4002
Brock .
294
264
288
231
1077
23902! 3187
78 158
312
162
11100
Toronto
1139
1091
1080
1074
4384
21265
130231 :"\^ 43.;
9'.1
415
35750
Toronto (old survey)
14465
7161
217 211
567
147
23152
Gore of Toronto .
178
147
203
159
687
12655
3170
92 191
312
243
9863
Uxbridge
120
107
106
98
431
5107
1660
84 67
149
67
5691
Total .
12743
12012
12751
11973
49479
508924
160690J5619 5979
13860
5458
603911
SIMCOE COUNTY.
i
W. Gwillimbury .
348
334
326
297
1305
30964
5563
193 325
511
147
19143
Tecumseth .
340
376
380
314
1410
22935
4474
152 253
447
175
13665
Adjala .
162
166
165
123
616
12449
1134
12 104
164
83
5005
Mono .
163
197
170
145
675
1.5253
1551
13^ 119
201
109
6189
Innisfil .
172
148
156
114
590
12034
854
25 i 99
130
35
4583
Tiny and Tay
117
123
133
136
509
4501
603
20 36
78
43
5298
Ore .
255
232
340
233
1060
32646
1689
22 136
233
88
10351
Flos .
27
26
29
24
106
3475
125| 2: 16
12
2
1082
Vespara
104
97
142
104
447
10643
756
26
1 59
54
28
5030
Medonte
133
98
160
111
502
17051
707
8 56
75
13
5665
Thorah .
117
72
63
85
3" 7
9944
813
15j 55
101
33
3691
Essa
71
57
83
61
2V2
5757
403
5 53
69
37
2066
Total .
2009
1926
2147
1747
7829
'177652
18672
493
1311
2075
793
81768
Grand total
14752
13938
14898
13720
57308
686576
179362
6012
7390
'15935
6251
685679
1
1
Amount of assessment for district purposes, 2,312/.
I'Jli
IJPPEIl CANADA.— POPULATION— GORE.
The next section of the province is tornied the sul)stratum is a tenacious grey or blue clay, aome-
Western; it uinbraees the liore, Nin};arn, London and
Western Districts, and circumscril)ed by tiic waters of
the great lakes, Ontario, Kric and Huron, it may be
considered a vast equilateral, triangular peninsula,
with its base extending from Fort Krie to Cape Hurd,
on Lake Huron, measuring 21(i miles, and a perpen-
dicular striking the Detroit river at Amlierstburgh, of
about 195 miles in length, and an almost uniformly
level or slightly undulating surface, except a few soli-
tary eminences and a ridge of slightly elevated table
land in the Gore and Niagara Districts, averaging 100
feet, and at some points approaching to 3.')0 feet in
height. The whole tract is alluvial in its formation,
consisting chiclly of a stra'-um of black and sometimes
of yellow loam, about which is found (when in a state
of nature) a rich and deep vegetable mould. The
times appearing at the surface intermixed with sand.
Throughout the country there is an almost total ab-
ofsence stones or gravel within the greatest arabli'
depth, but numerous and extensive (pmrries exist
wliieh furnisii abundant sui)plies for building, tic.
The forests are remarkable fur the steady growth and
the rich foliage of their trees ; in several places im-
mense jirairies or natural meadows exist, expanding
for hundreds of miles, and with the vista delightfidly
relieved by occasional clumjis of oak, white pine, and
])oplar, as if planted for ornament by man. With a
delicious climate stretching from 42. to 44, N. latitude,
it is not to be wondered that this section is one of the
finest in Upper Canada. The statistics of the first,
pursuing our route as before from east to west, are—
GORE DISTRICT CENSUS, 183.^.
i'l 4
Population,
Land Rateable,
Cattle.
Counties
and
Townships.
Males under
16.
u
<u
■a
c
to
0}
Is
01
0)
>
o
■§
<» .
<u o
2
1
>
' o
M
H
-a
1
•T3
i)
'^ 0)
3 S
■g .
O
i
c
O
a
OJ
c
1-,
a.
2
COUNTY OK HATTO.N
1
1
Dumfries . . .
1 130
1105
1180
885 4306
72300 35690
408
781 1095
403
5907h
riamliorough, W.
4S0
463
6,>0
4981 2092
12572! 51061
28:i
134! 447
111
27770
Nelson ....
r)'jo
588
636
436
2251
26822! io:;7o
232
235; 493
231
32008
Waterloo , . .
727
()19
814
28
2791
51666
17771
,557
63,3
1074
781
55565
Woolwich . . .
120
138
155
93
506
13557
3043
87
92
198
128
10425
Erin ....
274
245
247
197
963
216()8
2695
66
172
295
152
10010
Garrafraxa
58
41
36
35
107
4688
262
4
33
47
24
1655
Beverley . . .
382
401
369
323
1477
27343
6208
198
339
.537
208
18782
Wilmot ....
268
287
305
241
1101
23373
5281
;9
370
390
173
1 6492
Trafalgar . . .
1003
924
1131
836
3898
40331
16083
519
605
1375
494
50254
Esquesing . . .
610
f92
522
482
2206
38204
10749
234
740
1206
633
29688
Flamborough, E. .
238
202
247
180
867
12612
4325
136
184
300
142
13200
Guelph
C80
551
650
570 2451
9623
5692
150
195
352
137
23559
Puslinch . . .
294
222
281
220 1017
28556
1914
8
218
295
87
10299
Nichol ....
93
102
119
83
397
25716
836
9
98
109
68
7414
Nassageweya . .
223
163
197
173
756
14678
2136
17
183
265
35
8170
ICramosa . . .
137
159
191
114j 631
17782
2548
35
179
264
154 8374
Total . .
7313
6802
7730
6024^27869
1
421425
176664
3022
5191
8742
3964
382747
CO.OFWENTWORTIl
1
Town of Hamilton
373
373
829
580' 2155
1357
841
201
148
4
18
17982
Barton ....
334
339
•,07
317' 1397
77.33
6476
304
284
352
122
19916
Ancaster . . ,
687
591
752
633 2664
23774
14732
627
253
1053
381
41723
Saltfieet . . .
455
508
.527
318| 1808
15626
8307
365
317
719
218
24819
Glanford . . .
230
204
129
1781 741
10243
4788
192
120
348
183
12252
Grand River Tract.
709
681
906
71 li 3007
22050
12395
479
538
893
264
34338
Binbrook . . .
124
113
135
1321 504 i
1
9504
2225
66
118
194
82
6592
Total . .
2912
1
2809
3685
2869' 12276
1
90287
42764
2234
1778
3563
1268
157652
Grand Total . .
10225
9611
11415
8893'
40156 1
1
511712
226428
5256
6969
12305
5232
540399
• Total Assessment £ 1,774.
There arc in the Gore district upwards of five acres
of land rated as cultivated to each individual, and lit-
tle more than 15 uncultivated.
The district to the southward of Gore, and termed
Niagara from being bouiuled to the east t)y the river ' follows:
and cataract of that name, is one of the finest and
richest tracts in the world, and most elegibly situate
in a bight as it were between the magnificent sheets
of water, Erie and Ontario. Its statistics are as
V^
or blue clny, some-
uteimixed with Baud.
a ail almost tt)tul nl).
I the greatest arahlc
nsivu (|unrries exist
lus for l)uil(liiip;, cVc.
He steady growth and
ill several places im-
jws exist, expaiidinj,'
the vista delightfully
oak, white pine, and
;nt by man. With a
42. to 44. N. latitude,
, section is one of tlie
tatistics of the first,
n east to west, are —
rPPKR CANADA.— POl'liI.ATION.
NIAGARA DISTRICT, IH:?.--..
198
.
a;
1
O
■a
QJ
c
k*
o
IE
*.
a.
o
9.-)
403
.'■)907s
17
111
27770
93
231
32008
74
781
.'■,.'").'ifir,
98
12S
1042:-)
).')
l.')2
lOOIO
J7
24
Ifi, '■),'-.
57
208
18782
)0
173
1 r,492
T)
491
.'■)02:i4
If.
r)33
29(188
K)
142
13200
■)
137
23ri.-)9
.')
87
10299
9
68
7414
r>
3r)
8170
4
154
8374
2
39(54
382747
I
18
17982
;
122
199 ir.
J
381
41723
1
218
24819
1
183
122.")2
264
34338
82
r,r>'j2
12(i8
\r>v]r>->
.'J232
540399
Pi
1
ijiiilation. 1
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
Counties
and
Townships.
a
■a
c
3
V) .
C
"is .i
>
o
a
o
Is
•3
%
H
Uncultivated
Acres.
Cultivated
Acres.
O
c
o
v.
O
'f
o
U
.a
U
C
i-t
O
a
t:
Lincoln County.
Niagara Town
420
435
661
587
2109
493
670
175
12
175
/
43900
Ditto Township .
,^30
491
556
487
206J
11656
9459
443
315
745
231
33378
Bertie
539
540
563
521
2163
21429
11035
507
378
959
303
34913
Caistor
141
114
101
90
446
6780
1507
73
80
196
57
5820
Canl)orough
1(19
125
106
103
503
12947
2432
102
72
193
4w
9231
Clinton
51.-i
49C)
259
500
1770
13742
10107
428
361
1029
380
39406
Crowland .
2f.4
211
228
225
928
10026
5485
219
188
379
144
14269
Gainsborough
425
380
374
316
1495
12782
085)
276
233
594
222
20516
Grantham .
784
758
978
775
3295
12302
9851
490
328
H08
287
42323
Grimsby
220
265
171
250
906
1061H
91327
396
249
767
351
29012
Humberstone
303
265
380
283
1231
14017
4422
202
184
457
282
15239
Louth
345
307
302
272
1226
9107
6160
273
246
597
249
22330
Pelham
381
398
355
358
1492
16.547
6970
.347
310
658
260
22512
Stamford .
500
552
742
665
2459
11531
10039
570
246
379
154
39358
Thorold
497
470
555
456
1978
12863
9156
414
260
771
253
31335
Wainfleet .
245
206
249
190
890
10823
4083
185
165
405
174
13254
Willoughby
233
233
121
243
830
9117
4318
212
144
389
98
1284G
Total
05 17
6246
6701
6321
25815
208786
193992
.5312
3771
9501
3500
429642
HAi.niM.\ND County.
Haldimand
135
273
133
152
693
11417
1307
78
67
HI
26
8661
Rainham
153
143
137
119
552
9766
2764
101
113
241
101
11622
Walpole
195
165
184
139
683
11145
2600
85
147
253
92
9905
Dunn
43
51
58
49
201
3096
367
18
42
58
14
1,544
Cayuga
f.2
103
57
74
296
400
7529
38
90
83
13
3946
Moulton
92
100
134
100
426
4.542
113S
62
86
142
48
6365
Total
680
835
703
033
2851
40420
15771
382
545
888
294
42043
Grand Total .
7197
7081
1
7404
095J
28666
249212
209763
5694
4310
10389
3794
471(585
I of the finest and
1st elegibly situate
Inagiuticent sheets
statistics are as
It will be perceived from the foregoing that in this
comparatively small district the quantity of land in
cultivation and amount of rateable property is very
large in proportion to what may be observed in the
other districts ; there is still, however, a large quan-
tity of uncultivated land in Niagara.
The scenery throughout this part of Canada is ex-
tremely picturesque. Fort George, or Niagara, or
Newark, formerly the seat of government (distant
from Toronto, round the head of Lake Ontario , about
40 miles) is the sea port (if it may be so called) of the
district. It is situate ui)on a rising ground on the
west bank of the river Niagara, within a mile of the
angle formed by the river and the lake, protecting on
our side the western boundary of the Niagara frontier.
The Niagara river enters Lake Ontario in latitude N.
43.15.30, longitude 79.00.40 ; the difference of height
between its efflux and afflux being 344 feet on a dis-
tance of 364 rniles.
The Niagara river, which connects Erie and Ontario
Lakes, commences at the N. E. extremity of the
former, and is the outlet not only of the waters of
Erie, but also of thos^ ..st basins of Huron, Michigan,
Superior, and their thousand tributaries. The river is
33.^ miles long in its bends (28 direct), and traverses
a country unrivalled for its richness and fertility, on
the American as well as on the British side. When
first assuming the character of a river at Fort Erie, it
is one mile wide, but soon contracts its bed, at Black
Rock, to half a mile, and becomes rapid; but again
expanding to its original dimensions, it flows on with
more gentleness, its general course being from S. to
N. A ferry at Black Rock, when the current is seven
miles an hour, oflers a sublime prospect of the mighty
mass of waters rushing from the inland seas, to join
their parent ocean. Beyond Black Rock, the river
widens to embrace Grand Isle, twelve miles long, and
two to seven miles broad, with Square Isle at its head,
and Navy Isle at its foot. Below this, the river re-
sembles a bay, more than two miles in breadth, and
then narrow down the rapids to the far-famed Falls of
Niagara, which are 20 miles from Lake Eric, the
whole is navigable, except below Chippewa, where
the indraught of the cataract begins to be felt.
c c
1 ,1
.11
' i'
194
UPPER CANADA.— POPULATION.
LONDON DISTRICT CENSUS. 1835.
Counties
and
Townships.
CoUNrVOFMlDDI.KSKX.
Aidborouffli
Eklrid
Mallahidc .
Delaware .
Dorchester
Lobo
Bayham
Adelaide .
Carradoc .
Southwold ,
London
Township of London
Yarmouth .
Dunwich .
Westminster
Mosa
Total .
Oxford County,
Dereham
wakland
Nissouri
Norwich
Zorra
Blandford
Oxford (E.)
Oxford (W.)
Burford
Blenheim
Charlotteville
Total .
Norfolk County,
Windham .
Middleton .
Houghton .
Walsingham
Townshend
Woodhouse
Goderich .
Total .
Huron County.
Williams .
Biddulph .
Colborne .
Tucker Smith .
Total .
Grand Total
Population.
•a
B
3
en ,.
"is ""
141
92
593
53
115
192
550
228
13(i
424
978
223
895
154
51C)
177
5467
126
123
223
584
550
85
173
329
389
286
391
3259
245
98
65
242
.538
372
238
1798
•a
s
3
(/}
V
Is
165
134
573
61
84
174
521
203
161
412
972
227
822
147
445
195
5296
106
121
211
532
488
72
181
329
320
236
383
2979
237
107
53
244
488
320
209
o
CO
151
147
522
99
145
170
592
294
142
420
8.54
338
987
169
496
168
5694
4701
136
193
226
601
516
141
218
370
391
276
430
3498
249
105
36
207
471
404
394
1658 1866
54
36
27
17
134
10G58
68
38
31
10
111
51
70
18
■3.
Si.
135
108
462
66
104
139
468
210
129
375
729
249
764
146
420
197
93
100
182
504
464
83
167
323
313
221
360
2810
220
95
36
193
422
318
243
1527
70
41
30
Hi
147 250
10080 U308
157
9195
o
592
481
2150
279
448
675
2131
935
568
1631
3533
1037
3368
616
1877
737
21058
461
537
842
2221
2018
381
739
1351
1413
1019
1564
12546
951
405
190
886
1919
1414
1084
6849
303
166
158
61
688
41141
Land Rateable.
■s
9205
1316.'-)
34273
5186
8415
17160
31066
39453
13394
38288
16
64138
37959
24869
32176
15770
384533
9526
5914
19343
32613
36193
4276
9221
18473
21451
13550
20856
191416
12653
9924
3355
8698
26166
15137
31693
107626
6652
3829
24093
34574
718599
3^
2098
1205
8070
670
68
2220
5490
1638
1943
11207
6
11866
10824
2864
6772
1407
69021
1178
2780
2627
7191
427
300
2093
4726
7479
3889
8468
45002
o
a:
50
21
288
49
39
36
2.16
24
59
301
59
354
324
66
271
51
Cattle.
o
o
O
2248
35
102
85
320
134
52
65
210
246
132
285
1666
5565
1185
414
3094
10465
7193
1390
29306
240
419
270
929
144258
1C3
44
21
152
317
251
47
995
13
4922
160
114
339
50
79
180
326
109
150
477
14
670
500
149
337
149
3803
100
112
165
325
346
46
157
209
306
220
244
2230
177
78
33
132
400
195
131
1146
40
21
3:i
93
S
•g
E
o
X
211
149
742
64
127|
285'
632
176!
189|
8721
79J
12721
871
237'
643
206
675.i
181
211
326
843
597
62
285
494
515
360
586
4460
333
140
58
368
793
480
199
2371
67
45
25
137
7272 13723
120
78
302
41
42
136
346
51
97
246
488
244
185
249
64
a.
o
6282
5303
27116
4645
4499
8651
26321
12120
8091
32462
8598
39208
38326
13013
23229
7356
2692 265220
96
106
182
373
421
23
103
160
168
108
1.57
1897
91
75
26
159
213
141
34
739
16
53
11
80
5408
4902
7875
9658
26448
18594
3399
7818
19472
20639
13396
25695
157896
14137
5846
1795
11933
30309
23752
12708
100480
4009
1495
54.58
10962
osa.io^
III'I'KR CANADA.— I'OPULATION.
1?')
■s
E
o
X
i
o
120
f.282
78
5303
302
271 If.
44
4Mr,
42
4499
13()
8f>r.i
34 fi
2(i32 1
f)!
12120
97
8091
246
324C.2
, ,
8, '■.9 8
488
39208
244
3832r,
185
130 13
249
23229
(".4
73r.(i
.'(".92 2f')r)22(»
9fi
IOC
182
373
421
23
103
160
168
108
157
1897
91
75
26
159
213
141
34
739
16
53
11
80
5408
4902
7875
9t;58
26448
18594
3399
7818
19472
20639
13396
25695
157896
14137
5846
1795
11933
30309
23752
12708
100480
4009
1495
5458
10962
534558
This imincnbe district has the udvuntage of a great
extent of water frontier along tiie shores of Lakes
Erie and Huron, besides a large portion of thcThanies
mid the rivers Oiise on Lake Erie and Aux Sallies and
Kaitiand on Lake Huron. London, though at present
small, is in the heart of a fertile eountry on the hanks
of the beautiful river Thames, and will no doubt rapidly
increase.
By recent information we learn that there is in
progress a railroad making between Chatham, on the
Tliames, to London, thence to Hamilton, on the head
waters of Lake Ontario, which will connect Lakes
Huron, St. Clair, Erie, and Ontario; and from the
work already performed, it will be quite equal to the
Manchester rail-road. Ten years since not a white
inhabitant was within 20 miles of this town. There
is now upwards of 20,000 active and industrious in-
habitants in this township, with four mills, six pair of
French burr stones, two breweries, many saw-mills,
&c. Ten steam-boats, some of them upwards of 700
tons, plying between this and Lake Michigan, Detroit,
Goderich, Sandwich, Chippewa, and Buffalo, &c. with
one of the most productive soils in the world, that
will yield 1 8 to 20 barrels of the finest white wheat
per acre, without any manure, from 10 to 15 years to
WESTERN
come. No rent, tithes, taxes, See., to pay, except M.
per acre per year, the government tax for making
roads, bridges, &c., after the land has been reclaimed
seven years. In the township are two large Protestant
cluirclies, four Mi'tbndist mrctinghoii<e.s, two I'res-
byterian and two Quaker meeting-houses, a Roman
Catholic chapel, three endowed schools, two news-
papers (published three times a week), a ladies' board-
ing-school, an excellent commercial and classical
academy, and an agricultural society has also been
estalilished here ; all creeds live on very friendly terms,
much united, and endeavouring to forward each other's
views and interest by mutual good offices.
About the central part of the north coast of Lake
Erie, the eccentric but just and philanthropic Colonel
Talbot has founded a settlement which reflects credit
on his head and heart. Ever since the year 1802 this
benevolent man has persevered in opening the fine
country around him to the English emigrant. The
Upper Canada Company have their land in this dis-
trict. The scenery around which, on the river Mait-
land, is more English-like than any other in America,
Extensive roads are now making in every direction,
and the London district ofifers a most eligible spot for
the consideration of the intending settler.
DISTRICT.
Population.
Land Rateable.
Cattle.
COUNTIES
■a
<U
■a
a
a;
>
o
o
1
-s
i
V
AND
TOWNSHIPS.
e
r
•a
F
•a
ii
3<
3 <
t/3
X
c
O
o
U
■g
u
■a
£
2
s
s
£
o
S
o
X
ESSEX COUNTY.
£.
Sandwich ....
683
648
630
657
2618
33001
9476
624
400
761
186
39427
Maiden .....
361
376
375
347
1459
13694
2107
273
93
307
45
16069
Colchester ....
206
226
251
185
868
145,54
2980
223
88
414
147
11585
Gosfield ....
260
249
245
189
943
19002
2935
205
101
404
196
13867
Mersca
122
105
119
93
439
8874
1234
97
59
182
76
5262
Maidstone and Rochester
137
120
165
103
523
10791
579
77
69
134
37
4248
Romney ....
43
46
42
28
158
4925
470
35
12
56
41
2211
Total .
1812
1769
1827
1602
7008
104841
19781
1,534
822
2258
728
92669
KENT COUNTY.
Raleigh
277
304
278' 218
1077
22220
3086
147
154
342
166
13580
Harwich ....
166
151
201
138
656
12763
1279
87
81
184
75
>-377
Howard ....
328
304
277
225
1134
25982
4428
128
185
370
145
15898
Orford
116
83
122
94
415
12105
2111
41
136
169
93
6489
Warwick* ....
. .
23839
579
4
65
94
5920
Camden ....
70
51
55
40
216
3894
609
38
25
58
23
2368
Dawn
114
105
115
75
409
9746
1137
36
66
117
48
4813
Zone
205
127
206
136
674
111342
1166
23
139
184
70
6656
Chatham ....
90
94
96
83
363
6319
1546
66
57
151
71
4890
Dover
223
211
195
161
790
7670
1749
146
134
280
157
6998
Plympton ....
59 53
108
41
261
11920
199
21
30
31
4
2968
Sombra and Walpole Island .
155
133
140
96
524
8842
794
56
109
211
120
5334
Moore .....
122
97
161
91
471
1047
153 30
53
84
•)
2442
Tilbury
138
113
143
102
496
10758
942 90
77
134
23
4966
Total .
2063
1826
2097
1500
7486
176447
19778
913
1311
2409
997
85809
Grand total .
3875
3595
3924
3102
14496
281288
39559
2447
2133
4667
1725
184398
* A return of the po|)ulation was made for Warwick, hut it was not conformable to law.
The population of each parish in Upper Canada will be found in the section on religion, when detailing
the ecclesiastical establishment.
ujii
I
••if'
t H
: t
IP, " R
I
I'.tC)
UPPER CANADA.— MILLS, llOl'SES.
Statement of the vacant surveyed lands in the scvrrul
Districts of the Province, and their extent in s(|uare
miles, in 1833.
District.
No. of Acres
No. of
sq. miles.
Fnstorn .
176
139 1
Ottawa .
89i:tH
Uathurst .
l'0L';J'.'4
316
Johnstown
:M2-2
5i
Midland .
33r>195
.w.'-.s
Newcastle .
3r.44.19
569j}
Home
aM.'i.'-.g
363'i
Western .
2l.'f.422
Total
ir)8(;295
2478}
Exclusive of 302,420 acres (472J square miles)
given over to Colonel Talbot tor settlement, in the
London and Western Districts.
The foreKoini^ detail will afford u more complete
and accurate view of the progressive state of the
colony, than pR^es of descriptive writing; ; the reader
will perceive the increase of population in each dis-
trict for a series of years, then its actual amount at
present — the quantity of land cultivated and occupied
l)y that population, the stock on the land, and the
value of the i)roperty sunk therein ; to this I add, in
order to render tlie view complete, the followinR table
of the number of houses occupied in each district, the
sort of houses (indicating comparative staRcsof wealth)
and even the additional tire-places, which luxury or
convenience may require ; also the number of mer-
chants' warehouses and stores, the number of different
kinds of mills, and the vehicles kept for pleasur'^ ; let
those who peruse these facts remember that the com-
forts and wealth thus produced, within a few short
years, arise from the combination of industry, capital,
and intelligence applied to a fertile soil.
Number of Houses, Mills, Stores, &c. in each district, for 183.').
ii;
Houses in Upper Canada.
Mills
,&C.
■n
ft
4
DISTllICTS.
t
c
(J
ft
1
(fl
i
a
.
i
1
IS
IS
a
*^
(A
s
■Ji
2
s
.2
3
•<
u
V
■a
a
Additional fire
Brick or stone
Id).
•q
•5
•0
<
Id
r
1
1
■B
%
1
2
ft
5
1
.a
w
X
♦J
a
a
a
£1
(0
ir.
3
fi
ti
m
2
u
1.
12
Ottawa
24K
10
4
85
22 13
3 19
23
9
12
20
17
11
Batluirst
178
(i
3
121
15 132
23 1 52
26
29
9
32
62
8
S
8
Eastern
6j()
3
1
897
49 51
10 61
50
21
9
^ 41
75
1
17
37
Johnstown
244
172
4
7
2
11
919
1498
68, 11)6
2151 256
18' 243
6}' 36s
178
614
27
34
14
IH
51
70
70
128
14
15
9
27
38
Mulland
105
Prince Edward
74
2
554
63! ..
.. 179
119
17
10
29
36
10
27
165
Newcastle
f)5
3
1049
139 10
205
265
•-'U
19
82
83
12
13
53
430
342
18
5
78
BO
1232
1402
88 IS
248 142
14' 298
76: 328
189
233
57
30
37
28
180
124
103
13
e
no
5
44
31
Gore
232
Niagara
'ilK
47
10
111
1405
434 232
84
338
370
39
48
21
8''
121
23
81
285
London
ISfi
17
1(>72
237 7
4
2
4
20
108
120
4
7
44
Western
440
22
23
253
36, 1
73
65
12
2
16
44
9
80
34
Toronto
162
3713
1
228
339
8ie
448 855
1053' 39
44
97
57
43
Total...
11903
2052 1873
1349
2205
2180
355
1»9
835
989
214
384
1158
(a) Valued at 20^ each for the annual assessment, {b) Valued at 30/. each, (c) Valued at 35<. each.
{d\ Valued at 40/. each, (f) Valued at 6u/. each. The additional fire-places at 4/., 8/., 10/. each.
(/) Valicd at 150/. each. (^') Valued at 50/. each. (A) Valued at 100/. each. (0 Valued at 200/. each.
(A-) Valuta at 25/. each. C/} Valued at 15/. each.
Manufactures, Mines, and Fisheries, in 1836. — ^The
assessment rolls for the year, give the number of giist
mills, .')99, and saw mills 903, in the province.
Woollens for domestic use arc manufactured through-
out the province. Whisky distilleries, breweries,
tanneries, and pot and pearl ash manufactories are
very numerous.
Johnstown District. — One steam engine, foundry,
one brass foundry, one soap and candle factory.
Prince Edward District. — There are carding ma-
chines, six fulling mills, one plaister and one oil mill,
one foundry, one air furnace, and 10 carriage fac-
tories.
Midland District. — One air furnace, one iron foun-
dry, with a steam engine driving powerful lathes for
steam machinery, machinery for making hat bodies.
one paper mill, and six carding and fulling ma-
chines.
Niagara District. — Nine fulling mills, 14 carding
machines, five spinning mills, and one salt manufac-
tory.
i Western District. — Three carding mills, and one
iron foundry.
Newcastle District. — 12 Fulling mills.
Johnstown District. — Iron and copper mines in
Lansdown ; a copper mine in Elizabeth Town ; two
marble and limestone in abundance. Niagora Dis-
trict. — Lead ore has been discovered in Clinton.
Midland District. — Iron works at Marmora and Ma
doc. W'estorn District. — Iron ore in abundance, and
a good lime stone quarry in Malder.
Ship building is contined to steam vessels and
UPIM'.R CANADA.- I'ROPKUTY.
a more coinpleti;
sive state of the
riting ; the render
lation in each dis-
jctual nnn)»mt at
nti'd and occupied
he land, and tiie
; to this I add, in
he I'ollowinK tahle
I each district, the
e stapes of wcaltli)
, wiiicli luxury or
number of iner-
umber of different
: for pleasur'^ , let
dier that the coin-
/ithin a few short
f industry, capital,
loil.
i
m
IB U)
" . .
S m A
5 □•«
u a
U3 ^
•2 12
8 5
I 17
H 8
U< 27
1(1 27
12 13
6 5
10 44
23 81
< 7
9 80
57
a
o
(0)
u>
eg
U3 — '**
11
H
37
38
105
165
53
31
232
285
44
34
43
14 3iJ4 1158
•Ml. each.
10/. each.
200/. each.
ind fulling ma-
lills, 14 carding
salt manufac-
mills, and one
Dpper mines in
Eth Town ; two
Niagara Dis-
ed in Clinton,
"mora and Ma
iibundance, and
Im vessels and
schooners, for the lakes and rivers. Several of them
are annually launched upon the lakes. Steam vessels
Hvenigi' from .')() to TpIM) tons. Tlu' schooners from
20 to KM) tons. Provincial statute, l, Geo. -1. eh. ii.
sec. '.', renders it imperative on nil masters of vessels
to make a report of their arrival at any port of entry,
to the collector of customs at such port.
Iron ore of very good (|unlity is abundant in many
parts of tlie province. On the bunks of the Grand
Kiver are extensive beds of gypsum ; stone for litho-
graphic purposes is found in some of the districts.
Lead ore has been discovered in the Niagara dis-
trict, and a lease been granted to John I.ca (plumber)
of all that he may raise. Specimens of lead and zinc
ore have been exhibited in the Midland district, but
little is known of their locality or value.
There are no regularly established fisheries, but
many hundred barrels of white fish are taken atuuially.
Salmon, trout, pike, black and white bass, maskinorge
and xturgeoii, are caught in large numbers, and of a
large size. They are either taken by seines or speared.
Number of grants of land in llppcr Canada in I H.'Kl.
Ifiider ion acres, ii',r,2. Total granted thus, i;tt,Cii)3
acres. Number of grants above 100 and not exceed-
ing 000, l'J;')l acres = 3«2,H.'j8, Grants exceeding
197
.'iOO acres; .Mt patcnts=»47,'J8l acres. The total No.
of grants .'ItiVli = .'■i(').'i,4 J'J acres. Average price of
Crown lands in IH'M] -. per acre, 'J.«. currency i ditto.
Clergy ditto. I3«. do. do.; ditto of school ditto. lU*.
(')i/. do, do.
The" total number of grants which have jiassed the
great seal, commencing from the year 17'.*-', amount tu
H,'jHf.,42ai acres, exclusive of l,0(19,'JfiJ acres to the
Canada Company.
The total quantity of surveyed lands remaining un-
sranted amounts to l,.'')7t'i,.'ii'C) acres, exclusive of
.'}0l',420 acres given to Col. Talbot for settling, the
greatest portion of which is located, but no return
yet made.
Statements showing the tjuantity of surveyed lands
in the province of Upper Canada, remaining vacant
and grantable; Deer. ;)lst, iH'M).
Number of acres in surveyed townships, remaining
unlocated, 31st Deer. 1h;)."(, I ,<i21,:iO.'» acres. Town-
ships returned, surveyed during I HI) (1. Township of
Kupbiasy, .''jl.flOO do. — do. of Matchedash, .^i.'t.lliO do.
—do. Aslitield, r,2,i)■^C, do. Total l,7HI,07'.) acres.
Deduct lands located during'- 183(5, IH^,7.^3 acres.
Total (piiuitity of surveyed lands, remaining vacant
and grantable, ;j 1st Deer. IKU'>, l,,^7|■>,32fi acres.
Detailed statement of rateable property for the year Ii-i3';.
Assessed
value of
lotal value
Total value
NAME O 1' ARTICLE.
Quantity.
in
in
coin
currency
currency.
stcrliup.
.f
s.
.t
,s*.
Uncultivated Land, (acres)
l()07i
4,«.pr. acre
321
10
2H!I
7
Cultivated Land, do
1575i
20.«.
■t
so each
l.')7,-)
10
1417
I'J
Town Lots
171.^
nyjriO
7H,VJ,'.
Square or (icwn timber liouscs, (one story)
6:i
20
13(10
1170
. ,
Additional fire-places
4
4
Hi
14
H
Framed houses under two stories
8f)7
3.1
303 l,")
2-310
10
Additional fire-idaces
108
5
840
\[
4H(i
Mcrcliant's shops
101
200
20200
18180
Framed brick or stone houses, two stories, two
fire-places
9':7
6((
Hrick or stone, one story, (two fire-places)
20
40
800
■720
Additional fire-places
lOlil
10
10(140
y.-.7ti
, ,
Store houses
.'>
200
1000
QdU
. ,
Stone horses for covering mares
1!>9
Horses three years old and upwards
■I'.iO
8
3192
2872
18
Oxen four years old and upwars
!»
4
3(i
32
8
Milch cows
4 10
3
1320
1188
, ,
Horned Cattle from two to four years old
18
11
18
1(5
4
Close carriages with four wheels . .
U
100
1100
(190
, ,
PhiEtons itc. ditto
3!»
■"i
!)7.i
887
10
Curricles, gips &c. with two wheels
2.')
.1
,100
4,'i0
Waggons kept for pleasure . .
44
1,1
(i()0
.VJ4
••
Total
217409
1(J5668
2
In addition to :\d. in the .*' on the above, amounting to 2717/. 12,?. 3(/. currency.
Commutation money for statute labor, 1212/. 2.1 (irf, ditto.
Ditto. ditto for persons not assessed, 92/. I7,s'. (id. ditto.
241,'-./. 17.'(. sterling.
1117/. 18,s-. 3rf. ditto.
83/. 1 1,1. 9(/. ditto.
Total Revenue of the city
VII. The established church of Upper Canada is
within the diocese of the Bishop of Quebec, whose
subordinates are the Archdeacons of Toronto and
Kingston, who have under them about forty clergy-
men : the number of churches of the Protestant faith
throughout the Province being about fifty. The re-
turns of the clergy, churches, &c. of the Episcopalian,
Presbyterian, and Roman Catholic persuasions are
very complete.
Independently of a clergyman of the Established
j6 4052 12 3 ditto.
^3847 7 ditto.
Church to each parish, there arc ministers of several
other persuasions. Of the Presbyterian Church, in
connexion with the Church of Scotland, there were
recently in I'ppcr Canada, 21 ministers and preachers;
of the United Synod of Upper Canada, 20; of the
Roman Catholic clergy, 20 ; namely, one bishop and
19 priests, with 3,') chapels built and building. The
bishop receives ,'iOO/. per annum from Government,
and the clergy 1,000/. a-year divided among them as a
Government appropriation. The Methodist Episcopal
198
UI'I'F.R CANADA.— RKI.IUION.
Church consists of IH.J.M niomhris; in Yorl< thtrc | h just rqiiipoisp of power, and uniting all the intclli
ore 'J.'iO incrnlK-rs, divided intu It cliisses. 'I'lu' Uritish ncncc inid expeiu'iict' of their «'icirty in their ehiireli
Wesleynn Miisioii havetlirce preiu'liers ; the Primitive
Methodists {wlmse doetrines nre tiie sutne as the Wes-
({overnnu'Mt) have ."> triivelliiin luid 1 I loeul preiielierN,
:;■)() nu'inhers, and I I di«triet lon^reKations. Of llie
leynns, from vvlioin they dill'er in some [loints of llnptists, there are ahoiit tl) or '0 churches in I 'pptr
church government, tiu'ir district and annual con- i Canada, and as many ordained ministers, besides :i'>
ferenees heiuK composed of two parts laynu'n,nnd oiu- ordained preachers or licentiates. The following will
|)art traveilinj! preachers, for the purpose of preserving | show then' relative ntnnlM'rs ami position: —
Return of the Numher of Churches, Livings, &c. of Upper Canada. All I'rotcstants. [B. B.]
1
No. of
No. of
Name of
l'o[>ulation
Value
of
Glebe
Persons
No. of
Persons
No, of
District.
Mission.
of
Parish.
1 Living
1 in
1 £. sterling.
acres.
the
Cliurch
will
contain.
Persons
geiurally
' attendini;.
1
the
Chapel
will
contain.
Persons
geiu^riill)
attenditi;;
Kastern . .
Cornwall .
Osnahruck*
.'iOOO
170
210
400
250
500
120
Williamshurgh
•JHOO
170
200
300
100
500
120
Johnstown
Prescot
a.-ioo
180
1 450
250
200
350
50
Brockville
1574
190
200
400
250
Elizabeth Town
r,^20
170
400
150
100
Oxford .
31'00
170
450
250
150
300
80
Bathurst . .
Carleton .
720
170
400
200
190
Beckwith
uncertain.
100
400
280
200
60
40
Richmond
l.OOO
100
400
300
200
40
40
Perth
5249
170
400
500
3.'i0
200
1.50
March
2000
100
, ,
100
r.o
200
150
Prince Ed-
Hallowell
5000
170
400
500
100
wsrd.
Midland ..
Kingston*
Belleville
f5.3f.5
ir.o
418
400
200
300
100
Adolphus Town
54,')5
170
400
180
30
240
30
Bath
5000
100
400
140
100
100
100
Napaucc .
uncertain.
170
400
250
no
250
140
Newcastle
Murray .
ir,oo
170
, ,
250
80
75
75
Coiiourg .
4500
188
380
500
2r.o
200
200
Cnvan
1500
170
400
450
400
t
t
Port Hope
.S400
170
43f.
350
150
100
90
Peterborough .
5000
100
217
700
250
Home .... Toronto City .
10000
80(t
800
2000
1500
300
250
Ktohicoke
1250
100
205
120
50
200
80
iVauRhnn .
uncertain.
I3C
105
200
200
Markham
KiHO
100
400
200
120
120
70
,York*
jToronto* .
Niagara . . St. Catherine's
;i041
170
200
150
150
150
80
Waterloo*
Grimsby .
1860
170
400
200
130
Chippewa*
Niagara
4000
210
400
C.50
550
250
100
Gore
Brantford*
Barton* .
Hamilton
447 f.
100
800
300
300
80
Ancaster .
GOOO
200
425
250
ICC
100
70
1
Guelph .
2800
150
400
400
200
100
SO
London . .
St. Thomas* .
Adelaide .
1200
100
400
200
30
100
60
Blandford
1200
250
486
400
250
London .
7000
170
405
fiOO
250
300
200
Delaware .
900
1(10
400
ir.o
70
130
60
Woodhouse
uncertain.
170
402
250
150
Western ..
Warwick*
[Chatham* . 1
iSandwich
342r)
100
400
150
lAmherstburgh .
23.54
150
240
55
* No returns.
t Scr
vices in sc
hool-hous
:s well alter
idcd.
iiiK all tlu> intclli
ty in tlirir cliiircli
1 I liicul prt'iii'lurv,
fKatiutiH. Of tin
■liiirchi'.H in I'lipcr
liHtiM's, bi'Kiili'ii ;i,'i
Die t'ollowint; will
lition ; —
. [B.B.]
No. (if
I'crsiiiis
miirriill)
nttundii));.
500
120
,'iO(l
120
X,0
00
300
80
60
40
40
40
200
150
200
150
100
ion
240
30
100
100
ti.'iO
1 to
7:.
75
!00
200
t
t
00
•JO
00
250
00
80
20
"0
■)()
80
.0
100
80
70
80
CO
200
CO
Ul'l'l'.ll CANADA.— KI'.I.IGION. Il»9
Inntniinrnt* under the Clrciit Srnl wrrr I'oinjili'tL'd | in rxcliant^f for wild lnnd«, for flii' purpoxo i)f rndow-
iindcr Mu> udriiiniHtintlon of Sir John Colliornc, en- j in^ tlio cliiircli liclonKin^ to tlio place in which lucli
liilillnliinn nnil endowing II n'rlnrirH »;■ pnimmnni'ii, property wns ^itunted.
luid prenentinK elerByinen thereto. (ilehex were i The iireii if the several township* is nearly the
urniited to ench, nveriiKiiiK ubunt 400 acres of wild | snnie, nliont 12 miles liy 10, luid includes for the moat
land', which as yet make little or no return. In some pint heverid xtntions whi redivir.e service is prrfnrnied,
cnsL'svnhmble property wai surrendered by individnnls I fithcr in private, or fehool, houses.
Return of the number of l.lvinK*, «ic., In rppor Cunnila,
nf the I'reubjrterlan Clergy. [U. H.J
Ka^trrn
.Iiilin<>tn»n
llutiiiirst ..
Miillnnil .
Ni-wciistle
lldlllC.
Mnijara ..
(ioru ..
London . .
Western . .
Kiisturn . .
Juhastown
Hathiirst ..
Midland ..
PrlnceEdward
Home.. ..
Niagara
Gore .. ..
WlllinniHtown
C'nrnwiill
Martlntriwn
I.nnriistcr
Khiiiliy
Htiin'»iiy
lU'ckwith
Lanark
I'rrth
My town
Klnicstnn
HeltovlUe
I'ltirhoroiiffli
L'ily ol riirimti) ..
Toronto
Ni'winiirkct
VnuKhan
NiBKara
Ouelph
(iait
Oundas
Hamilton
Esqucsinii:
Aldlioron^h
AmhiTstburKh. . .,
Osnnburck
BrockviUe
Hrescott
South Uowcr ....
Lanark
Fredcricksburgh. .
Hallowell
Toronto
Calcdon
Clinton
Nelson ....
Mount Pleasant . .
"
~
tf.
1
■t
I
3a
No. of Person
tbe church
will criotain.
f.
«,
l.'MllI
IIH
III
700
4110
•
;ii
10
AIM)
275
Add
I'^ii
15110
MOO
nil
IHO
4110
:ioii
«
lllli
400
2,10
■J0N7
mr
400
300
«
lUU
aod
270
t
*
190
(Inn
400
*
117
:)I4
200
*
•j.to
u
7on
A20
*
H4
•ihn
120
«
14(1
400
200
t
*
Vi\
ID
.100
250
t
«
90
400
.100
t
'iOM
«;i
n
soo
300
t
t
'JN4fl
i;i.'.
(1
300
200
Oso
•HI
400
2(i0
MM
ISO
600
230
11(10
1012
lU
200
7S
t
t
'iOOO
103
2S0
200
•
fi7
200
200
1700
00
noo
200
•JS!)4
64
250
60
834S
»o
600
200
t
t
20oa
64
1000
SOO
t
k
72
200
180
Konian atbollu clerity In (Tpper <'anada. rif):i6.) [U. IL]
nittrlet.
Niime
of
Population
Mltsion.
Parish.
Kastcrn ....
St. Knphnel . . . .
,16.10
St. Nliiliiii
211110
S*. Andrews
2H00
St, Ciijunibus. . .
2.1110
OtawB
St. Luke
1400'!
i5oo;
St .l(dui llaptUt
St, Junies ....
:i2.io
•St. I'tillip
20110
Il.itburst... .
St. lltidKL't
:iH4il
Johiihtown..
St. I'riinris
200rt
St. Marck
IH20
Midland . . .
St. Joseph
:ii4o
St. I'litrlok
300
St. MUluu'l
1200
St. .teronie
410
NrwrnHtlc. .
»!. Pttrr
;t.irt(i 1
,100 ;
St. MntlbliiH. ...
Home
St. Paul
41)14
Oore .
Niagara. . .
London .. .
Western...
St. DiuiHtaii ....
St. llirn.ird
St. LonIs
St. Simeon
St. Matthias....
St. Mary
St Aitifustln. . . .
St.Ilnrtlioliiinuw
St. Norbert
St. Vuieeiit
St. Catheiliii's..
St. Lawrence . . .
St. Thomas
L'Assoinption. . .
■St. John Baptist
St. Peter
St. Christopher..
,1:12
HOO
3000
3000
2000
2000 I
2,1fi0 \
-30 J
2.imi
1,116
4000 \
2346 /
3100
1720
2100
1240
Xuinbcrof
Persons
" a
Keiirralljf
attenrilnf.
.*.
120
iHim
41)
1200
40
7tM)
--
KWO
no
{
300
310
611
1200
20
too
70
400
70
1000
40
310
NO
1200
30
*!J0
,10
300
40
INU
4S
{
1.100
1,10
110
2120
:io
7H3
2.1
2.14
2.1
1 HOO
26
iKon
30
r
400
3110
,10
400
300
I
1.10
40
H3.1
30
1100
40
1
{
1036
.140
1 KO
2000
1 40
400
1 40
S46
41
34S
* Uncerto'fl, t No Returns.
In connexion with the church of Scotland, govern-
ment allowance 57^ sterling each (City of Toronto
church, 90/. steiliMft), by authority of despatch from
Lord Aberdeen, 22nd February, 1835. United synod
of Up|)cr Canada government-allowance, CSi. 12s. 9(/,
sterling each. Authority, Lord Goderich's despatch of 1
the 22nd November, 1832. !
The Methodist Episcopal Church, and the British
Wesleynn Methodists in Upper Cunada, in the year 1
1833, formed a union under the name of the " Wes i
leyan Methodist Church in Ujjpcr Canada." The '
Enfjlish Church has authority annually to appoint
one of their own body to preside over and conduct ,
the ntfiiirs of the church in this Province. The num- '
l)er of ministers in Canada i,s !iii, who are iliiieraut.
nml never reside in one particular inis.siou aliove two
years at a time. The number of ciiuicli members ,
amounts to between 10 and 17,000 persons. The
Primitive Methodists, in connexion witli tlie English
conference, have four travelliufr ])rea;hers and 30
local preachers. The members amount to between 3
and 101). There arc in the Province four associations ,
of Baptists, having 53 churches, 330 ordained minis- '
The Roman Catholic Bishop remarks, that churches are
required in many places besides those mentioned in the
return.
ters, and 17 licentiates. The number of Menonists,
Turkers, Quakers, Independents, and other sects,
cannot be ascertained.
It is calculated that the area of Upper Canada is
31,000,000 acres, of which 25,000,000 are capable of
cultivation ; one-seventh, or 3,700,000 acres of this
land is set apart for the maintenance of a Protestant
Clergy — that is, 18,800 reserved lots of 200 acres
each ; — by some this is thought not an extravagant
provision, for judging from what takes place in the
United States, each lot will not produce in accntuin,
20/. per annum, making a total of 37C,000/. which,
divided among 2,000 clergymen (a very small number
for a country as large as England), gives only 188/.
|)ir annum to each inini>^ter. Such is the view of the
subject taken l)y Arehdeiicon .Straeluui.
Cleiis'i i'tuhl lUiifiiil'tuir, 1830. — Erection of par-
sonage luiuses, 'Mill. ; :\iia.,ionaric.s of CUiurch of Eng-
land, 4,500/. ; Archdeacon of York and Kingston,
000/. ; Secie'uy to Cler;;y Coriwration, 270/.; OHice
of ditto, 'J2t. ; total, ,),'830/. Tbe .\rchdeacon of
York, 300/. per aimuni ; Ditto of Kingston, 300/.;
Roman Catholic Bisliop, 500/.; Ministers ol Church
i 'a
t *
i
I.,
>;5
III
\^
'h
-.. ''HI
Ijv'- 'Ml
• I
!l
f
n
'* . : t
300
UPPER CANADA.— F.DliCATION, CAOI.S.
of Knplnnd, V.Of.")/. ; Ditto of S.otliinil, l,..ll/. ; Ditto
of Piotostimt Synod of l'i)pi'r Ciinadn, (;;>'.)/. ; Uoinnii
(■utl\olii- cliTgy, 1,000/. : coiitin^i'iit religious i-x-
ponsos, M'.t/. ; totul, 12,017/.
VUI. 'I'lioro nil" no statistionl returns aliowini:!; tlio
progress of I'diiraf ion in I'ppi'r C'lmnda siniilnr to tlioso
given under l.owor Cnnadii ; in encli district there
are boards of edueation, trustees of public schools,
and government sehoolninsters.
Return of the number of Schools in Upiier Canada.
Name of District, j Where situate.
Eastern
Ottawa
Johnstown
Hat hurst
Prince Kdward
Midland
Newcastle
Home
Niagara
(iore
London
Western
Cornwall
llawksburv
Urockviile"
Perth
llallowell
Kingston
t'obourg
Toronto
Niagara
llaniitton
London
Sandwich
Reinark.s.
Salary of district
school- n\rs. '.)()/. stg.
I'l'he average nuni-
Iber of scholars in
each school is from
•».") to CiO. 'I'hcre are
sidiool fees, which
may average I/, or
.')/. per aim. ^ach
district fiirnis. ■. a
school- bouse, and
keeps it in repair.
Upper Canada College and Koyal Ciianiniar school,
city of Toronto, in the Home district^Principal,
<">00/. ; liist class master, HOO/. ; secoinl ditto, ;!00/. ;
third dittr., ,fOO/. ; mathematical master, .UU)/. ; I'lcnch
ditto, liOd/. ; writing and arithmetic, i!00/. ; assistant
<lilto, 100/.; master of preparatory school, 17:")/.;
drawing master, 100/. The above masters have bouses
in the college premises.
There are upwards of lOl) scliolnrs in the respective
forms of the college. The terms at the I'pper Can-
ada ('ollege are 'MU. eiirrency per annum for board
and tuition, with some extra college dues. At the
}'ork Adlioiiiil Criitnil Srliaiil, which gave instruction
in the year ending April, IS.'f.'f, to 102 boys and '2'M'>
girls, tlie terms for instruction to those who are
able to pay is one dollar per ipiarter, and no family
is required to pay for more than two chiUliin, no
matter how many there be.
This return is conlined to the district schools. The
eommon schools are not regularly returned, but they
amount to several lumdred, and instruct iit least
L'OpOOO cl'.ildren, male and female. In addition to ;iO/.
.sterling provided by the Legislature, for the salary of
a classical master iwhicb insures in each ilistriet a
school ill which the common branches of an academi-
cal education are taught), 'JJ.'i/. sterling pernnmini is
allowed for the maintenance of common schools in
each district. This last sum having been found totally
iiiadeiiuate, the Legislature have for some time past
made an additional annual grant of .'>,()»<,'>/. sterling,
to be apportioned among the several districts, accord-
ing to their extent and population. By additional
instructions from his Majesty, dated l.'tth Lehruary,
Ii^.'lCi, an instrument was completed under the great
seal of the Province, incorporating the rpprr CniiiKht
Aatdrmii, at Cobourg, in the Newcastle District, for
the general education of youth in the various branches
of literature and science, on christian priiici|)les, and
appointing certain Wesleyan ministers and others to
be a board of trustees for managing the same.
The territorial appropriations, with a view to pro-
vide means of public instruction, arc truly munificent.
The number of Bcres of land originally reserved in
I'pper Canada for purposes of education amounted to
•4t'>7,(i7,''i, of which 170,719 acres were alienated hy
grant to individuals, and in lieu thereof 272, ("lOO ncris
were appropriated to a similar purpose, giving a snr.
|ihis over and abovf the (piantity delicient of 101,HS|.
There were also alienated, as a per ccntagc to sm-
veyois, 19,2^2 acres. Since this reservation 22.^,'.U1
acres have been re-invested in the crown in lieu ni
scattered reserves granted as an endowment to tlie
Cniversity of King's College, and (')(">,000 acres hnve
been set apart for the benelit of I'pper Canada Cnj.
lege; after which there yet remains 2.'l^l,:t;^0 dispos-
able acres for the benetit and extension of cdueafidii.
The lepii.^lature also grants from 1,000/. to H.OOO/. pir
annum. In IS.'il"), the amount voted was H.O.'i.')/.
The state of the gaols in the Province is thus re-
turiieil ill the Blue Hooks —
•sinu.Hl
I I j'l — ^ «-. •
03
3
O
•a
IS
o
O
J3
a
o
^
-T _ !M _ «
©
-T
*e
OI vn o •« m
<*
1 dj
p
IM -< — •
IM
§§
—b^
B
-< m lO 00 r^
f ■«»i
J^
« CI
IN
Oi
/°.|
O
CO * 1^ P7 T
<J
o
•3
CI i.T <i Ol T
a> Tf
t^
te-*
4-J _
r',
e
*
VT "M ^ -f -IP
To
Jt
4-)
lO lO O -T 1^
vc
oi
o
g
— M
O rt O OI l~
T
o3
l»
IN
u>
— t ■^ «
A
T3
lU
o — Od C^l —
>X)
O
2
i.'T ».'? "T CC -"^^
— n
T
IP
4->
r*.
' \ — r — • c n
w
U> 1.1 t» t 1^
in
c
. P
OI
_C
fx
"o
Uh
i
"jr -t 01 vX- CI <-;>
CO
o
01
Ol
o
"— o cr> -M c-
01
.T>
o
"3
in lO o M 1-
Ol
to
■'A
7>.
.-H —
Ol
'"'
"'IT
•— i
i~ ix> <a « I-.
~n
"-^H
3
o
t;
n >o .r 1.7 m
ID
_.H ...
" — t^
•^
Ol
O ID
OI
s
— 1 r — 10
^-
o
£
b.
\ .<n n f
>o
(.;
/. S,
'O
dj"'
<•- il- * M 0\
CO
^^
.12
"3
M ..-> T Ol J>
o
"
?!
*^ ^^ 01
CO
Ol
Q
o
'A
4-
O
O
H
£
o
H
£
•saiio,^
o
CO
or
o
'A
-1- Ol I- — iC Jl Ol
(o vj- c: i-r CO -t ■?»
~ -< — 01 t CO -"
--- ri
•t — ^C O »0 lO Ol
CO <a CO 10 CO -t o
« -< — 1 Ol -r CO -<
1^ •t o ^ o ^ — I
ir -c X' lO T 00 o
— • IN IN CO 00 0» <0
00 in >c o -r CO CO
t f 1.0 i~ .»
' O C% lO ^C O — 0D~
1- CO CO — 'X' — ' '*
— I Ol Ol CO t- a» 1.0
00 O Ol CO T 'C vo 1^
01 Ol CO CO CO M CO CO
a> .r a ixi oo oo oo oc
If the foregoing return lie correct, it exhibits n
considerabh' increase in the number of prisoners, even
allowing for the augmented pnpiilation since 1S2H.
The principal increase is in the misdemeanniirs; but
the felon list is al.so much extended since IH2H. Con-
sidering, however, the population of the colony, tin'
number of prisoners is very small.
^^
o
-T
I. "7
VC
■4
^
IN
•>
t-
•f Tf
1
(N
N
■>
-t
VS
O
1
•^ OP ^
"
•^
•^
'^
^cct, it exhibits a
|- (if prisdiu'rs, oven
liitioii siiici' lsi!H,
Mirnn'niiimrs; Imt
IsiiuT IHliH. I'on-
M' the colony, Hh'
UITKIl CANADA.— CUIMK AND GAOIS. (iOVKllNMl'.NT AND MILIIAKY.
Return of tlio Gaols, nml of the Prlsoncw conflnod thorcln. In fpiicr Ciumiln, In iH:ui. [ll.ti.l
lit) I
9
II
cu'S
O
V
a
CD
lis
No. of
I'rIsoiuTs
the I'risiin Ih
.2 iSo' "'loi oni"
S p 6fl rrlsoiuT
■S ".S ' Hli'i-ps In
•._£■! one Coll.
7. » » I
Emtern ....
9
Otrawn
»
JolniHlowu .
5
llfttlmrst. ...
5
Vrlm-e Eil-
}«{
wiiril.
Mlillnnd
(i
Ni'wrastli".
IS
Homo
•ir>
Ninitaru
H
(ioro
11)
l.oMilon ....
a
Wostorn....
&
48
la
do
.10
winter 8t
summer Iri
lin
4K
140
&i
40
l.MoSO
13
1 Total No.
1 '"■
I'rlsoners ;
who Imvf
hi'i'ii In
(iiiol
throiiirhout
till- Yenr.
<i
•3
1
a
£
!l
I
ir
1
6
,,
:i4
. ,
},v.
07
■ji
10
1
(lO
V
11
•2
20(1
■ill
IH
No. of
Debtors
! No. of
I MUJe-
; mcnnours,
-a
I)
I
lit
•J.^
3'i
4
a?
■J
H
-a
I
H
10
10
8-i
4
■iO
I
s.t
10
No. of
I'Vlons.
The prisoners i\re ollowed bread, beef, pork, potn-
toes luitl salt, nvein:.;e cost for eiieh prisoi\('r, H.v. M.
pi-r week. No clothing iillowed, but bedding where
iieeessary. Average cost per nnnun\, I,').*, to U'O.v. jier
bend. I'lisoiiers arc allowed to work at their own
trade for their own benefit.
\. The giivernnient of the colony has been ndmi-
nistered aincv IT'.U, by i\ Lieutenant-governor, an
K^eeutive Council (live members), a Legislative ditto
(;i() niendiers), and a House of Assembly or Kepre-
ser.lative.s (sixty-two niemliers). 'I'lie Kxei'utive
("ouneil niend)ers are chosen liy the Crown and the
Lieutenant-governor. The presiding councillor is the
Areluleaeon of the provintv.
'I'lie Legislative Council is not composed (as in
niiuiy chartered governments) of the sanu' boily that
constitutes the Kxecutive Council of the government,
it is, in fact, a dehberntive assembly distinct from tlu"
executive departnu'ut, and composed of nunnbers
froiii various districts of the province, who hold their
oltiee lor life, whose duties are exclusively legislative,
and in which all that is done is openly and publicly
discussed, and proceeded in according to the sanu- for-
malities as are observed in tlu' representative branch
of the legislattu-e.
'i'he House of Assembly has representatives for
comities forty-six ; for towns four; namely, Toronto,
one; Niagara, one ; Kingston, one ; and Urockville,
one: Lincoln county returns four members ; the other
twenty-six counties two each ; excepting Haldimand
one; Kent one; Simcoc one; Lennox and y\dding-
ton one each ; Preseott and RusacI one ; Carlton
one; and Lanark one. The proceedings of the House
are in English, and not as in Lower Canada, in French;
the journals regularly printed, and the debates in form
after the manner of the British House of Commons.
The elective franchise, itc., is the san'.e as in Lower
Canada, as are also the other points not mentioned in
this section.
The law is administered by a Court of Queen's
Bench, with two puisnd judges, and in each of the
eleven districts there is a district judge ; there are
also (jiiarter sessions, &c., as in England. The ma-
Ristrntes amount in number to nearly ."iOO, dispersed
over each district, according to its population and
extent.
No. of No. of
trii'il ^ tiiitrlrd
rrlioners. I'rl.ionors.
•a
I
ijk
an
4:1
10
1
H(1
•a
a
ir
,^4
a
M
10
:io
i)
■J
1 4
1 IK
.. I .^
.. 1 :i4
Cases of Slekne»«
anil Denth.
14
IIR
•v
11
nil
I.'.
nil
;i:
■no
:io
IH
!l
(i
;^S
i •
liis
reates
Sick
Time.
1
;o
j .
1 1
4
1
a
1
!,
, .
I)
a
..
Upper Canada is now in a very ditVerent positiim to
defi'iul itself from an incursion across the frontier by
the Americans ns compared with its condition during
the last war ; it has at present about .sixty regiments
of enrolled and emlmdicd militia, with n colonel, lieu-
tenaiit-eolonel, and miyor, about nine captains, ten
lieutenants, and ten ensigns to eneb regiment, with
upwards of .'iO,0()(l ns gallant rank and tile as could be
turned out in any part of the united kingdom.
AfUiliii lii'tiirn ta Cdlntiial iijhrr fur \h:u\. — Olfl-
cers, l.V.'")?; non-commissioned otlicers, l.TidO; rank
and tile, ;!'.M;tl : total, •L;,IHS. Included in the
above, are Is troops of cavalry and .'> companies of
artillery; the latter have three light lieliLpieccs, and
the fiuiner are aimed, but not completely.
XL The geiieial revenue for the purpose of sup-
porting the government in I'pper Ciiiuiila, and admi-
nistering the laws, is raised by a duty of lH per cent,
on all goods and luerchandise imported liy sea , at
the ports of (Quebec or Montreal ; wines, liipiors, and
certain articles of luxury, have a specilic duty laid
upon them. This duty is paid by the importer at the
Custiim-house Quebec, Upper Canada receiving one
third of the sum collected each ye,u-. This amount,
with a duty upon shop and taveiu licences for vend-
ing spirits, distillers, hawkers, pedlars, and auction-
eers, and a duty upon certain imports from the Uni-
ted States, which are also paid by the importer, form
the public resources of the province, and is at the
disposal of the Provincial Legislature, for the payment
of public otlicers, and for such general purposes as
may be deemed essential to the welfare of the people
and the interest of the province.
It will be observed that the largest part of the
income of I'pper Canada arises from the duties paid
in Lower Canada, r.t the ports of Montreal and Que-
bec. The casual and territorial revenues of in.d.Ti'/.,
includes for IH3("i, 7,7'.).')/. of duti.s on crown timber;
2, 9f)W. proceeds of sales of lots u. the military re-
serve, Toronto ; 2,^).L^/. patent am' surveying fees on
grants of land and leases ; Mil. sidt's of crown lands ;
8(i4/. crown'j proportion of seizures; 3s;W. rents of
mines, ferries, ftc, and the remainder of fines, &c.
The internal revenue of the province, consists of du-
ties levied on spirits, both on the distillation and
sale ; of the importation of salt (M. per bushel) from
m
202
UPPER CANADA.— FINANCE.
the United States ; on licences to auctioneers, inn-
keepers, pedlars, hawi^ers, &c. ; and some tolls, levied
at chc Burlington Bay Canal. There are 840 innkeep-
ers, who pay each from 3l. to 10/., the duty amounting
to 3,643/. ; and 443 shopkeepers, licensed to sell spiri-
tuous liquors, who contribute 1,505/. ; the number of
stills, in gallons measure, is 5,846, paying 730/. ; and
three steam-boats to pay 15/,, being a total currency
on those four items of 5,394/. — gross, or deducting the
allowance to inspectors, 565/ — 5,320/. Salt, im-
ported from the United States, yields 1,617/. ; and
the expense of collection is 382/., leaving net 1 ,235/.
The hawkers and pedlars on foot, pay 5/. annually ;
and those who travel with one horse, 10/. ; two horses,
15/.; the gross amount of revenue from this source
is 520/. — (collector's allowance, 26/.) ; net 494/. ;
levied on — 41 foot pedlars, 30 one-horse pedlars,
there being only one pedlar or hawker with two
horses. The numbei of auctioneers is 23, who pay
yearly 5/. for a license, together with duty on sales ;
which, for 1832 amounted to 251/.
The following Y
early Statement
is collated from the Blue Books.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Proportion of duties (Lower
25450
27587
26597
26769
33840
39113
49692
58011
41348
50719
Canada.
Dividends on Bank Stock.. .
1740
1170
1275
2798
1800
4500
31.50
1800
2700
1800
Imports from the United
. .
6113
8095
8543
7784
9645
9601
1.. :6
10307
States.
Pedlars' Licenses
• ,
, ,
315
407
513
428
438
337
364
30;i
Auction Licenses and Sales..
, ,
198
431
442
310
498
497
477
37.5
Spirits, Wine, &c. ditto
5325
5333
4714
4257
5021
5369
5700
6480
6449
742:t
Tolls at the Burlington Bay
422
576
1466
1124
810
1160
1119
1560
IdOtl
Canal.
Ditto at the Creek Harbour.
. •
, ,
, ,
.
, .
, ,
410
245
334
Ditto at River Trent Bridge
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
__
, ,
3:23
Ditto at York Turnpike
. .
. .
. ,
, ,
. .
, ,
"l.59
410
•21')
Roads.
Interest on Loans
53451
4050
405
26100
• •
. .
, ,
279
79
15K
Law Society
56
. .
• .
..
98
114
117
138
136
School Land Sales
246
• •
. ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
3617
..
Canada Company's Instal-
7042
22500
15000
15000
17000
17500
18500
..
20000
20000
ments.
Clergy Corporation
. .
• .
• .
585
630
450
1955
6642
6788
4950
Casual and Territorial Re-
2884
7227
6463
8049
11230
8672
12196
29944
13032
15399
venue.
Incidental Receipts in aid of
1281
154
1203
. •
6075
6409
Revenue.
Miscellaneous, &c
259
93
112
204
154
132
48
Total
61928
95368
80299
91244
109511
Persons keeping an inn or tavern must be licensed
by the magistrates, and the license costs, 11/. 5«. per
annum. Penalty retailing without a license, 20/.
Shopkeepers can take out a license, which costs
5/. 3s. for selling spirituous liquors, wines, &c., in
quantity not less than one quart. Penalty for selling
without a license, or in less quantity than a quart, 20/.
The Total Revenue derived from Shops, Inns, istiUs and
Salt, was, in —
Yeirs.
Shops.
Inns.
Stills.
Total.
Salt.
je.
jf.
;*•.
.*.
£.
182S.. .
1602
1195
132a
4126
4670
1828. . . .
1638
1447
1441
4606
5760
1830....
446
855
1203
2509
11557
1831....
454
1808
827
3090
7260
1832....
1631
4121
1057
6:iJ5
9283
1833....
1834. . . .
1835. . . .
3035
4798
854
7687
1836. . . .
1837. . . .
A revenue is also derived from the lands sold to
the Upper Canada Company, the first instalment of
the 29th July 1827, amounted to 20,000/. ; in 18:;^,
15,000/.; in 1829, 15,000/.; in 1830, 15,000/.; in
1831, 16,000/.; in 1832, 17,000/.; in 1833, 18,000/.;
and in lieu of sundry fees, ftc. 1,776/.; being a total
in seven years of 117,776/. In 1834, the amount
payable by the Company will be 19,500/., and every
subsequent year 20,000/., until the whole sum of
348,680/. be paid in 1842.
Return of all local revenues raised ard appropria-
ted under the authority of any municipal, or otiior
body, not accounted for in the general revenue of the
colony : — Provincial Statute 4th Will. IV. c. 2.i,
erected the town of York into a city, and incorporated
it under the name of the " City of Toronto." By the
said Act, the mayor and common council are autho-
rized to levy a tax on property in the city and liberty,
not exceeding in anyone year 4d. in the pound in the
city, or 2(1. in the pound in the liberties. The magis-
trates of several towns are allowed by Acts of the
Legislature, to levy rates for the improvement of the
streets, &c., not exceeding 90/. sterling per annum.
^if n:
mil
UPPER CANADA.— FINANCE.
203
leaving net 1 ,235/.
t, pay .')/. annually ;
ie, 1 0/. ; two horses,
je from this source
261.) ; net 494/.;
one-horse pedlars,
hawker with two
eers is 23, who pay
vith duty on sales ;
4.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
ill
41348
507 ly
?00
2700
1800
501
l./^6
10307
337
364
3o;(
497
477
373
480
, 6449
74Jii
119
1560
lOOii
41U
245
334
323
1.59, 410
279
117
79
138
3617
270
15H
13fi
•
20000
20000
642 6788
4950
944
1G032
15399
20,000/.; in 18l'h,
1830, 15,000/.; in
in 1833, 18,000/.;
76/.; being a total
18.34, the amount
19,500/., and every
the whole sum of
sed ard appropria-
nunicipal, or other
cral revenue of the
Will. IV. c. 2;i,
y, and incorporated
Toronto." Hy tlie
council are autho-
[le city and liherty,
the pound in the
Irties. The ningis-
Id by Acts of tlie
Iprovement of tlie
ling per annum.
Tlic following Is extracted from a Return of Rateable Pro-
iierty in tlie City of Toronto and Liberties, fnrnlsbed by
the Clerk of the Common Council, being for the year 1836.
■3
u
2
I^
i
tcr-
able
Name
of
Ward.
<M
a
i
3
O
a
<**
u
i
1
o
X
^!3
S'S.
Value in S
of Rate
>
o
d
o
d
°o
o
6
o o
P d
d?
m
Xs
S5
Z
iex
'A
S5
■^
^x
t-aa.
.*'. s.
St. David . . .
4SH
sgs
!>d7
3S
I
96
119
25
62086 6
Liberties
471
..
104
14
35
..
3404 7
St. Andrew .
nii
31)8
13
66
6S
18
41757 6
Liberties
10
, ,
/
. ,
.'> 4
..
271 16
St.Lawrence
264
257
37
, .
62I 59 19
33212 14
Liberties
HbS
70
3
26 29
2
.•IS.W 10
St. Patrick..
W
240
230
2
21
29
6
21811 16
Liberties l63y
3
81
, ,
, ,
49
85
11
5216 18
St. George. .
.,
218
173
14
1
59
40
37
23964 6
Libcrtic!-
31S3
1745
2
1879
101
5
1
2
1
89 2
Total. . .
399
467
119
195668 1
Amount of tax at 3d. in the pound sterling, 2,445/. 17s.
The expenditure of the above, is devoted solely to
the improvement, &c. of the city. During the year a
common sewer has been completed through the cen-
tre of the main street, and communicating with the
bay. Side-paths have been laid down, and the prin-
cipal street in, and approaches to, the city macada-
mized and paved.
The letter postage includes the British and sea
postage, as well as the internal rates in the provinces.
The nett proceeds, after defraying the expenses of
the establishment in t'.ie provinces, and the convey-
ance of the mails, &c., are remitted to the General
Post Office, London
The sums received for the transmission of news-
papers and pamphlets by post, have, ever since the
establishment of the post-office in British North Ame-
rica, been the emolument of the deputy postmaster-
general, out of which he allows to his sub-deputies a
commission for collecting, of from 10 to 20 percent.,
which allowance is in addition to their salaries or
commission as postmasters.
For 1827 and part of 1828, materials cannot be
found for making up a perfect statement of the sums
received for the transmission of newspapers.
Gross amount of Newspaper Postage paid by each Proprietor of Newspapers in the Canadas, since 1827.
The foregoing return is collated from the Journals
of the House of Assembly, and the latest year printed
is for 1H34. There are several journals mentioned in
diirercnt years ; but they appear to have ceased pub-
Name of the Newspaper.
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832 1833
1834
1835'l836
j
1837
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£. £.
£.
£. £.
£.
Quebec Gazette ....
51
51
51
31
66
73 66
76
Quebec Mercury ....
19
19
19
19
21
36 ! 28
28
Official Gazette ....
26
26
26
26
26
32 26
26
Canadian Couiant
46
46
46
46
46
4G 34
21
Montreal Herald and Gazette
75
75
75
75
75
75 85
92
Montreal Gazette ....
50
50
50
50
57
55 60
GO
British Colonist ....
2
2
3
3
3
3 1
Upper Canada Gazette .
35
40
31
14
17
19
27
30
Observer, Cornwall
18
17
16
15
3
4
7
8
Freeman .....
21
24
27
27
27
26
22
5
Advocate
48
43
58
43
56
67
54
25
Brockville Recorder
10
10
15
17
16
27
26
38
Gleaner and Telegraph or Reporter
(2)
11
13
25
40
15
6
10
St. Catharine's Mirror .
7
6
7
1
Kingston Chronicle
10
10
10
10
10
10
17
20
Ujjper Canada Herald .
12
13
13
13
11
13
13
18
Cobourg Star and Reformer (2)
31
22
16
40
18
13
Independent Examiner .
9
16
14
10
6
Vindicator
, «
30
40
10
6
40
40
Minerve
23
50
50
50
50
50
Patriot
• •
5
6
18
53
59
Guardian
. .
180
227
254
218
142
1
1
Courier
,
, ,
23
44
65
60
36
1
Canadian Watchman
, ,
. .
13
24
44
l.e Canadien
, ,
. ,
15
49
63
63
Christian Sentinel
, ,
, ,
63
Sentinel
,,
, ,
2
2
Western Mercury ....
. .
. .
78
103
84
46
Free Press
. ,
. .
10
46
33
14
Canadian Wesleyan
. .
13
87
99
37
I/Ami du I'euple ....
, ,
. ,
, .
21
43
40
Farmers' Journal ....
• •
, ,
, ,
7
6
1
Daily Advertiser ....
••
••
••
15
50
lishing, as their names are omitted from the lists.
In the return for 1834, 48 journals are named, some
of them for the first time in that year and others of a
year or more duration : four arc published at Quebec,
'tl
204
UPPER CANADA,— FINANCE.
eight at Montreal, eight at Toronto, tour at Kingston,
three at Hamilton ; two at each of the towns of
Niagara, St. Catherines, St. Thomas, Cobourg, and
Perth ; and one journal at each of London, Sandwich,
Dundas, Brantford, Port Hope, Helleville, Brockville,
Prescott, Cornwall, Stanstead, Sherbrooke, and St.
Charles.
The Post-onice receipts for Upper and Lower Canada for Ave years, is thus shewn— the Increase indicates augmented
Trallic.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
CO
1*5
f,
is
t.
ii
rfi
ii
t
as
'£
f
ii
s
T.
e is
0)
t;
2
II
zo.
<u
3
21
ii
ii
tJ
*•*
* if
1
A a.
«
Ii
!
^1
£.
.*■.
^.
£■
.£.
.#.
£.
£.
£.
£.
^.
jt
.*■.
£.
,*.
,*■.
.*■.
;£■.
it.
£.
Upper Canada, 49.5g
•JUS
,i:ioo
251)
()638
V*
8029
.'574
9870
790
14003
133S
16500'1433
17679
1230
Lower Canada
H(i27
ati8
8B34
397
9022
444
990(1
511)
10494
566
13735
737
13427
833
13333
852
The local taxes or district rates are collected from
each individual, at the rating of one penny in the
pound, according to the quantity of land and other
property he may possess, agreeable to the assessed
value fixed by law, viz. —
Every acre of arable, pasture, or meadow land, 11. ;
every acre of uncultivated laud, 4*'. ; every town lot,
.50/. Every house built with timber squared or hewed
on two sides, of one story, with not more than two
fire-places, 20/. ; ditto for every additional fire-place,
4/. Every house built of squared or (latted timber on
two sides, of two stories, with not more than two
fire-places, 30/. ; ditto for every additional fire-place,
Si. Every framed house under two stories in height,
with not more than two fire-places, 35/. ; ditto for
every additional fire-place, 5/. Every brick or stone
house of one story, and not more than two fire-places,
40/. ; every additional fire-place, 10/. Every framed,
brick, or stone house of two stories, and not more
than two fire-places, (iO/. ; ditto for every additional
fireplace, 10/. Every grist mill, wrought by water,
with one pair of stones, 150/. ; ditto with every addi-
tional pair, 50/. Every saw-miil, 100/. Every mer-
chant's shop, 200/. Every store-house, 200/. Every
stone-horse, lii'J/. Every horse of the age of three
years and upwards, SI. Oxen of the age of four years
and upwards, 41. Milch cows, .3/ Horned cattle,
from two to four years and upwards, 4/. Every close
carriage with four wheels, kept for pleasure, 100/.
Every open carriage, or curricle, ditto, 25/. Every
other carriage, or gig, with two wheels, ditto, 20/.
Every waggon kept for pleasure, 15/. Every stove
erected and used in a rooom, where there is no fire-
place, is considered as a fire-place.
Every person inserted on the assessment roll is, in
proportion to the estimate of his property, held liable
to work on the highways or roads in every year, as
follows: — If his property he rated at 25/. 2 days;
ditto 25/. to oO/. 3 days ; ditto 50/. to 75/. 4 days ;
ditto 75/. to 100/- 5 days ; ditto 100/. to 150/. fi -.iays ;
ditto 150/. to 200/. 7 days; ditto 200/. to 250/. 8 days;
ditto 250/. to 300/. 9 d'ays ; ditto 300/. to 350/. 10
days ; ditto 350/. to 400/. 1 1 days ; ditto 400/. to 500/.
12 days.
For every 100/, above 500/. to 1000/. 1 day; for
every 200/. above 1000/. to 2000/. ditto ; for every
300/. above 2000/. to 3000/. ditto ; for every 500/.
above 3500/. ditto.
Every person possessed of a waggon, cart, or team
of horses, oxen, or beasts of burthen or draft used to
draw the same, to work on the highways three days.
Every male inhabitant, from 21 to .50, not rated on
the assessment roll, is compelled to work on the i
highways three days. Persons emigrating to this pro-
vince, intending to become settlers, and not having
been resident six months, are exempt ; and all indi-
gent persons, by reason of sickness, age, or numerous
family, are exempt at the discretion of the magis-
trates.
Any person liable may compound, if he thinks fit,
by paying 5,s-. per day for each cart, &c., and 2,<. C>d. for
each day's duty; to be paid within 10 days afttr
demand made by an authorized surveyor, or the nui-
gistrates can issue their distress for double the amount
and coats. Members of the Hou.se of Assembly, lor
townships, are paid lO.v. per day during the sitting ol
the House, from an assessment upon the inhabitants,
apportioned according to the foregoing assessment
scale. Members for towns are not paid. A police
tax of 100/. per annum is raised from the inhal)itants
of York, according to the same assessment scale.
The taxes applicable to local purposes, levied and
collected under the denomination of rates and assess-
ments by authority of Provincial statute 59 George
HI. c. 7 ; and for paying the wages of the Members
of the House of Assembly, by authority of 43 George
HI. c. 2, amounted during the |)resent year, in the
12 districts respectively, to the following sums;—
Eastern, 1782/.; Ottawa, 4!i0/. ; Johnstown, 1171/.;
Bathurst, 8H2/. ; Prince Edward, 1205/.; Midland
2723/.; Newcastle, 1752/.; Home, 2H04/. ; Niiifiara,
2180/.; Gore, 2748/. ; London, 27C7 ; Western, 10,)i'/ ;
total, 21,842/.
Resolutions for raising 500,000/. fur miikin!^ rtuuls,
^T. [Journal of House of Assembly.]
1st. Resolved, That for the purpose of providing
the ways and means for payment of the interest on
the sum of 500,000/., to be expended on the public
highways in this jjrovince, that the statute labour,
now by law required to be performed, be commuted
for a certain sum to be paid in lieu thereof.
2nd. Resolved, That the sum at which the commu-
tacion be fixed be 2*. fii/. for each day.
3rd. Resolved, That the following additional rates
be imposed on the inhabitants of this province, tlie
proceeds whereof to be applied to the payment of the
interest of the said sum of 500,000/. : —
Every horse (not being a stallion used for cnvoiing
mares), gelding, or marc, over three years old, 1.?. M.
Every stallion used for covering mares, 2s. Every
single-horse pleasure waggon, 2.?. M. Every two-
horse pleasure waggon, Us. Every two-wheeled car-
riage used for pleasure, 5,<. Every four-wheeled open
carriage used for pleasure, lOs. Every four-wheeled
close carriage used for pleasure, 1.54'. F-very fonr-
whcelrd carriage used for the conveyance ol passcn-
UPPER CANADA.— FINANCE.
205
llfville, Brockville,
lerbrooke, and St.
indicates augmented
1835.
1836.
i
i
is
£.
£.
iH.
£.
es
igrating to this pro-
;rs, and not having
mpt ; and all indi-
s, age, or numerous
ition of the magis-
md, if he thinks fit,
:, &c., and 'Is. Cul. for
thin 10 days nftur
iUrveyor, or the iiia-
r double the amount
ise of Assembly, for
[luring the sitting ot
pon the inhabitants,
iregoing assessnn>nt
not paid. A police
From the inhabitants
iscssment scale.
purposes, levied and
[of rates and assess-
statute .59 George
of the Members
lOrity of 43 George
csent year, in the
following sums ;—
lohnstown, 1471/.;
1205/.; MidliUKl
2804Z. ; Niagara,
; Western, 1032/ ;
. fur makin;^ roads,
pose of providing
of the interest on
ndcd on the i)uhlic
he statute labour,
ed, be commuted
thereof.
hich the commu-
y-
ig additional rates
this province, the
le payment of the
usc<l for cnvpiing
years old, 1.?. 3i/.
hiares, 2s. Every
ICxl. Every two-
Itwo-wheeled car-
jjur-wheeled open
rery four-wheeled
W>s. Every foiir-
lyancc of pasiicn-
gers, 2/. 10s. Every still-house, where spirituous
liquors are distilled, .I/.
4th. Resolved, That a sum be appropriated to each
township, in proportion to the sum levied and paid
by such township.
5th. Resolved, That the amount to be levied accord-
ing to the foregoing resolutions be first paid to the
Treasurers of Districts, by collectors of towns and
townships, and be by them transmitted to the Re-
ceiver General of the Province.
(■)th. Resolved, That a list containing the names of
persons assessed, and the amount paid by each, be
delivered to the Treasurer of Districts, by the respec-
tive collectors of towns and townships, and by the
Treasurer returned to the Inspector General.
7th. Resolved, That each lot of 100 acres of land,
situated on any leading road, when this money is
expended, and not having a resident thereon, shall be
subjected to a tax of 5«. a year as u compensation for
statute labour.
8th. Resolved, That the money appropriated to each
township be expended under the direction of commis-
sioners, to be appointed by the Lieutenant Governor,
or person administering the government of the pro-
vince.
()th. Resolved, That toll gates be erected on such
roads and bridges as the commissioners shall in their
discretion deem expedient, and that the amount uf
tolls exacted be regulated by such commissioners.
The following are the principal items of expendi-
ture provided for by the Crown funds : — Lieutenant-
Governor, 1,034/.; Government ottiee, 210/.; Execu-
tive Council, 200/. ; Receiver General, 200/. ; Secre-
tary and Registrar, 93()/.; Inspector Getieral, 200/. ;
Surveyor General, 3fifi/. ; Commissioner of Crown
Lands, 500/. ; Surveyor General of Woods, 500/.
Repairs to liurlington Canal, 675/. ; roads and
bridges, 348/. ; location and subsistence of commuted
pensioners, (104/. ; ditto of emigrants, 3,017/. ; pay-
ments for Indian lands ceded to government, 5,947/.;
Government proportion of the expense of surveys of
Canada Company, 309/. ; repairs of Government
house, 1,305/.; Upper Canada College, 1,000/.; Cen-
tral School at Toronto, 353/. ; Maps for the Surveyor
General, 180/.; Missionaries of the Church of Eng-
land, 2,565/. ; Ministers of the Church of Scotland,
1,541/. ; Ministers of the United Presbyterian Synod
of Upper Canada, ()99/. ; Roman Catholic Priests,
1,500/.; House rent for Lord Risbop of Quebec, 180/.;
Pensions, 1,598/. ; Salary of Governor of Upper Can-
ada, 3,000/. and house, no fees (salary paid by Pro-
vince) ; Chief Justice, 1,500/. no house ; two Puisne
Judges, 900/. each.
The expenditure of the Province is thus given in the Blue Hooks —
EXPKNDITURK.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£
£.
f.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Civil Government
24574
32946
20508
21212
21751
23025
22 1 02
23486
21591
22098
Clergy
, ,
2711
3035
3103
4984
17747
13755
13066
12317
Colleges and Schools .
4657
4782
, .
5061
9361
1297
9742
10615
Pensions
4033
4788
5176
5306
5390
5400
5260
2847
2382
2414
Public Works
102159
111063
Indian Lands
5514
5947
Contingencies of Lcgislatu
c
8574
9492
Location of Emigrants
3912
3017
Redemption of and Interest/
on Public Debt . 1
60335
14292
•■
..
••
ls60()
21307
1215
21992
Miscellaneous
2278
3863
24860
62475
68427
58272
53430
241226
14885
15758
91220
55889
57912
96810
98671
96742
107908
282611
221732
'215928
1
The taxation is small. The public salaries are at
the minimum ; no good ever accrued from paying
scantily the servants of a private person — and in the
case of the public servants, I have seen enough in the
French, Dutch, and Portuguese colonies, to compel
me to impress strongly on the minds of my country-
men, the necessity of paying the ollicers of the go-
vernment salaries, not merely sutficient to keep them
honest, but such as will hold out a temptation for the
greatest virtue, and the highest talent to take oflicc.
The salaries in Upper Canada of the i)ublic function-
aries, appear to me barely adccpinte to the end which
o\iglit ever to be kept in view — honesty and ability.
The following sums were paid by the jirovince in
1836:— Civil Establishment, 14,820/.; Contingent
Expenditure, 4 909/.; Judicial Establishment, 5146/.;
Contingent Expenditure, 91/.; Ecclesiastical Estr
blishnient, 11,407/.; Contingent Expenditure, 639/. ;
miscellaneous expenditure, 1 76,503/. ; pensions, 2444/.
Total, 215,962/. The expenditure from the revenue
of Upper Canada by its Legislature, for the improve-
ment of the navigation of the river St. Lawrence
(connnenccd in 1834), amounted, in 1836, to 207,000/.
and the whole estimated expense is 315,000/. stg.
In the Hritisli parliamentary estimates for the year
ending 31st March, 1839, the following sums were
voted for the expense of the Indian Department of
Upper and Lower Canada : —
Estimate of the probable expenditure of the Indian
Department in Lower and Upper Canada, for its
establishment and pensions, from 1st April, 1838, to
3l.st of March, 1839, 19,1-55/. 12,<.
Lower Canada. — Secretary, Quebec, 224/. ; Inter-
preter, Three Rivers, 96/. ; Missionary, Restigouche,
69/. ; Missionary, Lorette, 46/. ; Schoolmaster, Lo-
rette, 1m/.; Superintendent, Montreal, 21(')/. ; one
Interpreter, Montreal, 96/. ; two Missionaries, Mon-
treal (46/. each), 92/.; one Missionary, Montreal,
41/. ; three Schoolmasters, Montreal (20/. each), 62/. ;
total, 96.')/.
Upper Canada. — Chief Superintendent, Toronto,
350/. ; Assistant Superintendent, River St. Clair,
128/.; interpreter Supfrintendent, River St. Clair,
96/.; Superintendent, Coldwatcr, 216/. ; Interpreter,
ao6
UPPER CANADA.— FINANCE.
m
rii
-! i:
+
Coldwater, 'J«W. ; total, 887<. Amount of eflfective
establishment, 1,852/.
Retired Allowances, Pensions, and Gratuities. —
Lower Canada. — L.J. Duchesnay, late Superintendent
at Quebec, 80/. ; G. Maccomber, late Interpreter, Sfi/.;
J. B. I)e Niverville, ditto, 5.')/. ; Madame de Mon-
tigny, widow of Capt. Montigny, 27/. ; Madame D'
Eschambault, widow of Capt. D'Kschambault, 70/. ;
Madame Vincent, widow of Louis Vincent, School-
master, 10/. ; one Chief of Indian Tribes, for wounds
in action, 21/.; three Warriors of Indian Tribes, for
wounds in action (16/. each), 4.5/. ; total, 346/. J. G.
Chcsley, late resident at St. Regis, a gratuity of 78/.
Upi)er Canada. — Col. Givens, late Chief Superin-
tendent, 371/.; J. B. Clench, late Superintendent at
Colborne, 100/. j Alexander M'Donell, retired As-
sistant Secretary, 8.5/. ; David Price, retired Store-
keeper, Clerk and Interpreter, 79/. ; Benjamin Fair-
child, retired Inter|)reter, .50/. ; Sarah Elliott, widow
of Col. M. Elliott, 74/.; Catherine Brant, widow of
Capt. Brant, 85/. ; Hester Hill, widow of D. Hill,
Mohawk Chief, 18/.; Timothy Murphy, superannu-
ated blacksmith, .'^O/. ; two Warriors of Indian Tribes,
for wounds in action (15/. each), 30/. ; total, 933/.
Gratuities : Genrsre Ironsides, late Superintendent,
Amherstburg, 108/.; James Winniott, late Superin-
tendent, Brentford, 54/. ; Jacob Marten, late Inter-
preter, Brentford, 20/.; total, 182/.
Amount for retired allowances, Kc, in Lower and
Upper Canada, 1,279/.; amount of gratuities, ditto,
ditto, 2(10/. ; ditto of effective establishment, 1,852/. ;
total, 3,392/. Exj)ense of Indian Present, Stores, &c.
15,7f)2/. Grand total, 19,155/.
. This estimate is less by 344/. than that voted last
year. The saving arises fron\ a reduction in the num-
ber of officers emi)loyed in the dcpartt. cut. In future
years the saving will amount to (')04/. there being
placed on this estimate a charge of 2r)0/. for gratuities
to some of tlie officers whose situations have been
abolished.
As considerable interest is felt respecting the del)t
which Upper Canada is incurring for pulilic works,
I subjoin the following detail, as printed in the ])ro-
ceediiigs of the House of Assembly in 1833. The
total amoimt (.utstanding of debentures in provincial
currency is 138,833/. at an interest of five and seven
eighths per cent, per annum; 52,00*)/. in debentures,
bearing six per cent, have been redeemed — namely,
25,000/. for the militia ; 10,000/. for the public ser-
vice in 1824; 3,000/. of the Burlington Canal; and
8,000/. of the Welland Canal : of the debentures out-
standing the several amounts are, Burlington Canal,
.5,000/.; Welland ditto, 10,334/.; Burlington ditto,
4,500/. ; Welland ditto, 50,000/. : Kettle Creek Har-
bour, 3,000/. ; Welland Canal, 25,000/. ; Burlington,
ditto, 5,000/ ; Oakville Harbour (loan to Mr, Chis-
holm), 2,500/. ; roads and bridges, 20,000/. ; Kettle
Creek Harbour, 2,500/.; Port Hope Harbour, 2,000/.;
and Cobourg Harbour Loan, 3,000/ Total, 191,500/.
The interest is paid half yearly, as the debentures fall
due, and their amount varies from 25 to 100/.
In 1833, the Provincial Legislature authorised the
borrowing of money by debentures to the extent of
70,000/., to be applied to the improvement of the St.
Lawrence, but only to bear five per cent, interest, and
not the usual interest of six per cent. ; the conse-
quence was, that the money would not be lent in
either of the Canadas, or in the United States ; Mr.
Dunn, the Receiver-General, was then sent to Eng-
land, and subse(|uently authorized to negociate a loan
with the house of Thomas Wilson and Co. (paying
interest five ])er cent, in London, or six per cent, in
Canada), to the extent of 200,000/. for the purpose
of redeeming the debentures that have been issui'd
from year to year for the Welland Canal, &c., as
stated in the preceding page. The Upper Canada
legislature have also sanctioned the borrowing of
350,000/. for making the St. Lawrence navigable for
ships from Montreal into Lake Ontario; of 50,000/. t(i
pay the debts due by the Welland Canal, and to keep it
in order; and of 45,000/. for making roads and bridgis
in the province ; these sums, together with the exist-
ing Upper Canada debt, 258,138/. will make the wholo
debt, meluding minor items, upwards of 800,000.
The following is a report of the Finance Committee
of the House of Assembly of Upper Canada. [From
H. A. papers, January 19, 1837.]
To the Honourable Flouse of Assembly ;
The Finance Committee, to whom were referred
the public accounts sent down to your honournl)U'
house in the present session, have taken into tluir
consideration the public debt of the province, with
tlie amount reipiired for the payment of intcnst
thereon, together with the permanent and unavoiil
able charges upon the public revenues, as also tlic
amount of the ordinary resources of the province, for tlio
purpose of submitting the same, in as compendious
and explicit a manner as possible, as their first report.
They frnd the |)ublic debt, on the 1st January Inst,
to amount to 587,071/. of which 178,350/. is dui' in
this province, bearing an interest of six per cent, and
409,321 in England, payable there at an interest ot
five per cent. The amount of the loans contracted In
England are, in currency, 000,000/. ; of which were
drawn on the 1st January, 409,321/. ; leaving still to
be drawn to meet the several appropriations of the
legislature, 250,345/.; which, with 10 per cent, pre-
mium, will make the sum of 283,079/. Of the imhlic
debt, the following sums have been appropriated for
the jiurposes hereinafter respectively named : — St.
Lawrence Navigation, 253,000/. ; Welland {';in;d,
209,500/. ; Burlington Canal, 29,091/. ; Inland waters,
Newcastle District, 10,000/.; Tay Navigation, 1, ()()()/.;
Dcsjardin's Canal, 12,000; Kettle Creek Harlioiir,
0,500/. ; Port Hope Harbour, 2,000/. ; Cobourg Har-
bour, 4,000/.; York Harbour, 2,000/.; River Trent
Bridge, 4,025/. ; Hrantford Bridge, 1,500; Duiinvillc
Bridge, 1 ,250 ; Paris Bridge, 1 ,500/. ; West Gwillimliiiry
Bridges, 500/. ; Roads in the vicinity of York, 45,1)00/.;
Bank of Upper Canada, 25,000/. ; total, 594, 400/.
All or most of the objects for which the above out-
lay has been made are such as, in the opinion of this
committee, will eventually pay principal and interest,
and be u productive source of revenue to the province ;
and cannot therefore be considered in the light of n
debt contracted and chargeable on the funds of the
province, for which no specific return is exi)ecte<l.
In anew country like Canada, with a limited reve-
nue, great public works can only be constructed ii|)on
the credit of the province ; and such credit should he
freely extended, when it can be safely calculated that
the proceeds of the works will shortly j)ay the interest
and eventually redeem the principal. Specific ways
and means should, however, be provided to meet the
interest, when it cannot be borne from the ordinary
revenues. The amount of interest payable on the
present debt is 10,080/. in Upper Canada and 20,400/.
in England, in all 30,552/. ; and when the balance of
the loan effected in England shall be drawn, the whole
amount of interest payable will be 43,420/. annually.
According to the estimates and the information oh
tained by your commissioners, the probable amount
Hi; :l'l
rtbly :
lom were retViml
your honouralik'
! taken into their
lie province, witii
yinent of interest
lent and unavoid
enues, as also tlio
Lhei)rovincc,l'ortlio
in as compendious
IS their first report,
e 1st January lii'^t,
TH.ii.'iO/. is due lit
)t' six per cent, and
c at an interest of
loans contracted in
(>l. ; of which were
/. ; leaving still to
proiiriations of the
1 10 per cent, pre-
79/. Ofthepuhiie
;n appropriated lor
vely named : — St.
Welland Cannl,
U. ; Inland waters,
avigation, 1,000/.;
Creek Harlinur,
)/. ; Cohourg llai-
00/. ; River Trent
^.'lOO; Duniiville
West Gwilliinlniry
of York, 40,000/!;
)tal, .'■)<)4,ir)(;/.
h the above out-
|he opinion of this
ipal and interest,
e to the province ;
n the light of a
;he funds of tlic
1 is expected.
Ill a limited reve-
lonstructed upon
credit should l)u
|y calculated that
pay the interest
, Specific ways
lided to meet the
jom the ordinary
payable on the
Ida and 20,lfi''>/.
the balance of
rawn, the whole
1,420/. annually.
nformation oh
lobable amount
UPPER CANADA.-
requircd for the public expenditure, in the year 1837,
will he 2'.»y,220/. as follows, viz.
Interest on the public debt, 40,000/. ; permanent
appropriation for the administraticm of justice, 7,22.3/. ;
retpiired for civil expenditure, 9,892/. ; contingencies
of the Legislature, 1 1,000/.; common schools, 3, 1, 10/. ;
district school masters, 1,200/.; militia pensions,
'.100/. ; officers of the Legislature, 890/.; maintenance
of light bouses (by law), fiOO/. ; ditto (additional sum
re(iuired), 1,000/.; Adjutant-General of Militia, (l.^O/.;
Inspector-General, 40r)/.; Receiver-General, 778/.; six
pensioners, 120/.; improvement of the St. Lawrence,
97,000/. ; Provincial Penitentiary, 5,000/. ; amount
appropriated by acts of last session, 104,938/.; amount
appropriated by acts of present session, 9,473/. ;
redemption of debentures, ,5,000/. The balance to
be drawn on the loans in England, with the probable
premium thereon, is 283,079/. ; probable amount of
revenue to be received from Lower Canada, .'■>3,000/. ;
ditto from Upper Canada, 28,000/. ; total, 3r)4,079/.
—the sum required for the year 1837, 299,220/.;
balance for the present year at the disposal of the
Legislature, (')4,8.')9/. The permanent charges upon
the revenue of the jirovinee, including the interest
upon the loans, the contingencies for the sujiport of
the Legislature, light houses, S:e. are in round numbers,
hCi.OOO/. The ordinary resources to meet this expen-
diture will be, received from Lower Canada, .'i3,000/ ;
ditto from Upper Canada, 2h,oi)0/. ; total, 81,000/.
Leaving to be provided to pay interest in 183s,
.1,000/.
Security for the discharge of duties in Upper Can-
ada, 183r>. Receiver-General, 80,000/. ; Commis-
sioner of Crown Lands, 10,000/.; Agent for sale of
cleriry reserves, 10,000/.; Secretary to Colonial Cor-
poration, 2,000/. ; Sheritfs, 2,000/. ; Inspectors of
Licenses, 1,000/.; Collectors of Customs, 2,000/.
As the Post Office Department in the colonies re-
quires considerable attention, an extract is given from
a report made to the House of Assembly of Upper
Canada by the Finance Committee, and printed in the
journals for 1836. Appendix, Vol. I. No. .02.
" Your committee have not the means of ascertain-
ing whether the statements laid befoie them as com-
])uted by Mr. Stayncr, the Deputy Post Master General
at Quebec, are or are not correct. They have been
obtained with great difficulty after the delay of a vear
had taken place from the date of the address of tlie
Mouse to the late Lieutenant (iovernor requesting
information, they enter into many minute and im-
portant details, and as reported herein they contain
the greatest fund of informution on the subject of the
financial affairs of the post office of the Canadas ever
laid before the Legislature. From a perusal of their
contents it will be seen, that in 1834 the number of
))0st offices in the Canadas was 234, or three less than
in 1833 ; the number of miles of post roads only
3,988, or seven less than 1833 ; the wages to carriers,
10,371/.; the salaries, 3,457/.; the contingencies,
1,00')/. ; the dead letters, 1,,')29/. ; the gross revenue,
30,('i32/., of which 12,092/. were remitted to London.
" The salaries in both provinces are stated in the
returns, of which the above is an abstract, at 3,457/.
KIsewhere the emoluments of the jjost masters in
Upper Canada alone for the same year are made to be
4,732/. Hence it is evident that the above sum of
30,('i32/. is not the gross postage."
"The gross letter postage of Upper Canada in 1832
i. given at 14,009/.— in 1h33, 15, .110/. and in 1834,
.7,680/. or 48,199/. in tnese three years.
"The gross newspaper postage for this province
FINANCE, COMMERCE. 207
for 1832, was 1,335/.— for 1833, 1,4.33/. and for 1834
1,231/, or in these three years, 4,000/.
" Nearly the whole of the newspaper postage,
,4,000/., went to Quebec and formed a pertpiisite of
Mr. Stayner's office there. Of the gross letter postage
reckoning in the proportion that the whole revenue
derived from the Canadas bears to the whole revenue
derived from Upper Canada, which is the greatest
part, upwards of 20,000/. of specie have been taken
out of the province and sent to London chiefly as
profit or surplus revenue.
" Mr. Stayner states that he has remitted to Lon-
don of surplus postage collected in both Canadas, as
follows:— In 1832, 12,.') 19/.; 1833, 10,833/.; 1834,
12,092/,; or in three years, 3"),444/. a very small part
of which was British postage. The inland postage of
letters from Nova Scotia and New Rrunswick, from
both Canadas, in 1834, was only ,')52/. Mr. Stayner
transmitted to Washington, as United States revenue,
in and for 1834, 22,3."il dollars.
"There were collected in the Canadas, in 1834, of
Inland British American postage on letters forwarded
to England by the Falmouth packets, via Halifax,
I (■)/. 4v. 5f/.
" Among the papers laid before the house are de-
tailed statements of the exiienso of conveying the
mails in Imtfi ('nwtilis in each of the following years,
viz. 18i2, K,514/. : ls!33, 9,«95/. ; 1834,11,203/. And
Mr. Stayner states the contingent expenditure of the
department, which is cbiefiy in the Lowit Province,
for printing, advertising, mail locks and keys, seals
and stamps, &c. at, for 1834, 1,874/.
"There is also a large and costly establishment of
clerks, accountants, sorting clerks and other officers,
the greater part of whom could be disiu'used with in
case the general post office of Upper Canada were
placed at Toronto.
" Mr. Stayner gives his salary and emoluments as
Deputy Post Master General, as follows: — In 1832,
3,123/.; 1833, 3,311; 1834, 3,122; to which we
may add the allowance made him for bis expenses to
London of 842/.= 10,398/. 10,398/. of income in
three years to i " office, residing out of Upper Can-
aihi, deriving his chief einoLiments from the industry
of her population, and yielding them a most unsatis-
factory return. This is a state of things that is surely
susceptible of im|)roveinent.
" The patronage of the department is enormous.
The largest gross amount of letter postage in Upper
Canada were collected, as follows: at (year 1834.)
Toronto, 4,355/.; Kingston, 1,314/.; Hamilton, .'■)82/.;
Brockville, .')05/. ; Amherstburgh, 4")3/. ; Bytown,
39.')/.; Belleville, 383/.; London, 337/.; Niagara,
330/.; Prescott, 314/.
" The emoluments of the post-masters of the fol-
lowing offices, in 1833 and in 1834, were as follows :
Toronto
.£738
£713
Prescott
£137
£138
Kingston
470
503
Brockville
118
118
Queenston
411
438
Cobourg
102
118
Hamilton
n.")
184
Amberstbu
•gh 110
103
Niagara
152
145
" The postage collected at Queenston in 1834, by
the post ma.iter, who is also the high sberitV of the
district, amounted to 72/. He receives and distri-
butes the United States mail on that frontier. The
whole of the emoluments of the post nnsters of
Upper Canada, in 1833, was 4,428/.; and foi 1834,
3,732/."
XII. The maritime trade of Upper Canada is eai'ud
on through the ports of (iuebec and Montreal, and
•\,i
'",1
S'1
; ' %
v\
II ^
208
UPPKR CANADA.— MONETARY SYSTEM.
thence conveyed to the upper province. There is
therefore no mode of ascertaining the amount of the
imports and exports. The province receives one
third of the duties levied at Quebec and Montreal,
which amounted in 1836, to 50,719/. sterling.
A considerable trade is carried on along the Ameri-
can frontier, on the lakes and River St. Lawrence.
Numerous steam vessels and schooners are constantly
running during the navigable season, between the
different ports belonging to the province and the
United States, on lakes Ontario, Erie and Huron.
The imports consist of woollens, cottons, linens,
hardware, castings, coal, leather, earthenware, gro-
ceries, wines, spirits, and almost every description of
British manufacture.
The exports consist principally of wheat, flour,
lumber, pot and jjoarl ashes, pork, and tobacco from
the western districts.
XIII. Amount of jiaprr rurrennj in circulation in
IKil], [H. H.] — There are three banks in the province,
chartered by acts of the Legislature. "The Upper
Canada Hank," capitiil, 'JOO.OOO/. "The commercial
bank of the Midland District," capital, L'00,000/., and
the "Gore District bank," capital, 100,000/. There
are notes also in circulation, belonging to three priviitu
banks, viz. "The Agricultural Bank," "the Farmer's
Bank," and the " Hank of the People." Notes of tlip
hank of Lower Canada arc also in partial circulation.
The gross amount of Government Debentures, out-
standing at the close of the year 1836, is as follows :
In Upper Canada 176,8.^0/. currency, or ISO.lC.li.
sterling. In England 241,600/. sterling.
Affairs of the Bank of Upper Canada on 16th November, 1836.
Debts due by the Bank.
£.
Resources of the Bank.
£.
Capital stock paid in ... .
200000
Gold, silver, and other coined metals in
Amount of notes in circulation, not bear-
the vaults of the bank
63796
ing interest, of the value of five dollars
and upwards, 180,826/. Ditto, under
five dollars, 4r),828/. Total amount in
circulation
2266.54
Real estate and bank furniture
8880
Bills and notes in circulation, bearing in-
terest ......
one.
Balances due to the banks
4362
Bills of the banks ....
1804r.
Balances due to the agencies at this date.
Balances due from other banks, and fo-
having money in transitu
788
reign agencies in London and New
Cash deposited, including all sums what-
York on exchange transactions . .
84728
soever, due from the bank, not bearing
Amount of all debts due, including notes.
interest, (its notes in circulation, and
bills of exchange, and all stock, and
balances due to other banks excepted) .
154604
funded debts of every description,
Cash deposited bearing interest, being for
excepting the balances due from other
the home district saving's bank
3017
banks
Total
413976
Total
589426
589426
Rate and interest of the last dividend, being for the six months ending 30th June, 1836.
Four per cent on 200,000/., the capital stock 8,000/. Amount of reserved profits after declaring the last
dividend, 1 1073/. Amount of debts due to the bank, and not paid, being over due, 56355/., of which 54,50/.
may be considered bad or doubtful.
State of the Commerc: I Bank of the Midland District on 7th November, 1836.
Debts due by the Bank.
£.
Resources of the Bank.
£.
Stock paid in .
186450
Gold, silver, and copper, in the vaults
Bank notes in circulation not bearing
of the bank and its offices, 34495/.
interest of five dollars value and up-
Dittoin transitu, 12440/. Total
46935
wards, 1 19873/. Ditto under five dol-
lars, 55250/. Total amount in circu-
lation ....
175123
Real estate, office furniture &c. .
3730
Bills and notes in circulation bearing
Bills of the banks
5318
interest ....
None.
Balances due to the banks and foreign
Balance due from other banks and foreign
agents ....
10834
agents . . . .
18082
Cash deposited, including all sums what-
Amount of all debts due, including notes,
ever due from the bank, (its bills in
bills of exchange, and all other stock
circulation, and balances due to other
and funded debts of every description,
banks excepted)
29166
excepting the balances due from other
Cash deposited bearing interest .
4201
banks ....
Total
331709
Total
405774
405774
On old stock four per cent, 4,000/. On 65,000/. of new stock paid in, 1,300/. Total, 5,300/.
Amount of reserved profits at the time of declaring last dividend, 1,912/. Amount of debts due to the
bank and not paid, 1 1582/., of which 350/. may be considered doubtful.
and tobacco from
I in circulatimi in
ks ill the provincr,
irp. "The Upper
" The commeiciul
tal, 200,000^, mid
, 100,000/. There
inp to tlirce privnte
ik," "the Farmer's
le." Notes of the
partial circulation,
t Debentures, out-
836, is as follows:
ency, or ISOilfi.")!.
erling.
tals in
md fo-
1 New
; notes,
k, and
iption,
other
fi37'Jf.
8880
1804.^
8472R
41397f)
58942r)
declaring the last
'., of which .M.'-.O/.
«f).
aults
49.5i.
£.
4693.5
•
3730
.'■)318
eign
18082
)tes,
:ock
ion,
Lher
331709
405774
UPPER CANADA.— LAND PURCHASKD. SETTLED, >Scc.
Statement of the aflTairs of the Gore Dank on 2Sth November, iH.lfi.
20'J
Debts due by the Bank.
£.
Resources of the Bank.
£.
Capital stock paid in ...
f.lOO.'i
Gold, silver, and copper coins in the
Hanl^ notes in circulation not bearing
Hank
20382
interest, higher denomination than five
Bills of other hanks on band, 1,340/.
dollars, 1017/. Lower denomination
Bills of other banks, being money in
than live dollars, 2»-2'MU. Total . .
27913
transitu, i;i02/. Total
2012
Hills and notes bearing interest
None.
Balances due from other banks
9.')0
Balances due to other banks .
Nothinr
Balances due from foreign agents .
2435
fash deiiosited bearing interest
Nothini;.
Real estate and bank furniture
847
Cash deposited, including all sums what-
Amoimtof all debts due, including notes.
ever due from the bank not bearing
bills of exchange, and all stock and
interest, (its liills in circulation, and
funded debts of every description, (ex-
balances due to other banks excepted)
6241
cepting the balances doe from other
Amount of profits at this date
\():>:i
banks ......
Total
r.H504
Total
90212
•t0212
Amount of debts due to the bank and not paid, being over due, all of which arc considered good, 1324/.
Return by the St. Lawrence Inland Marine Assu-
rance Company in 1836.
The amount of capital, stock subscribed
is 1 00,000/., of which ten per cent, or
10,000/. have been paid in. The funds
luui property of the company consist of
the following, viz. 332 Shares stock,
in the bank of Upper Canada at 12/.
( ach, amounting at per value to .
13s Shares stock of the Midland District
Commercial Bank, at 2.}/. each, amount-
ing at per value to ... .
79 Shares, stock in the city bank, Mon-
treal, at 2.')/. each, amounting at per
value to
400 Shares, stock in the Gore Bank at
12/. Kte. each, amounting at per value
to !'-i,OOQl., on which three instalments
of ten per cent each have been paid,
amounting to ... .
Bills receivable, 617/. Cash on hand,
IGG/. Total
300/.
I debts due to the
Total . .'11858
The property insured during the last year amounted
to 337,193/. 19.V. currency; upon which the premium
charged amounted to 2,316/. 9.<. The amount of
losses paid by the company, 1,304/. currency. A
."iiiall claim on the company, amount not yet ascer-
tained, remains to be settled.
XIV. Some of the land in Upper Canada has been
purchased by the British Government from the In-
dians, who receive their payments annually in clothing,
ammunition, &c., and such articles as they rctpiire.
The purchases in 1818 were, October' — Luke Huron,
l,")92,00O acres, at 1,200/. per annum; the Missis -
.v«s»rt, 648,000 acres, at 522/. per annum. In No-
vember, same year, the RitT Lake of 1,861,200 acres,
at 740/. per annum ; in April, 1819, the Loni^ IVond
of .')52,190 acres, at 600/. per annum ; in February,
IH20, the Mohawk purchase of 27,000 acres, at 450/.
lier annum ; being 4,680,390 acres, at an annual
tliarge of 3,512/., which is defrayed by an appropria-
2 k
tion of part of the amount received for fees on the
grants of land to emigrants.
No person, except United Englishmen, Loyalists
(on the separation of the United States from Great
liritain, those who preserved their allegiance to the
British Crown and tied to Canada, were entitled to
200 acres of land each, by Act of Parliament), or
those entitled by existing regulations to the Govern-
ment free grants, can obtain any of the waste Crown
lands othcrwioc than by purchase. The sales take
place under the direction of a Commissioner on the
first and third Tuesday of every month in the different
district,-.. The lands are put up at an upset price, of
which notice is given at the time of advertising the
sale, and the conditions arc one-fourth of the pur-
chase-money ))aid down ; the remainder at three
erpial annual instalments, with interest at 6 per cent,
payable on and with each instalment : when this is
coiupleted, a patent for the lands is issued, free of
charge. The clergy reserves when sold are, as to
terms, 10 i)cr cent, down, and the remainder in nine
annual instalments of 2 per cent, each, with interest.
There are occasional sales of town lots, S;c. The ge-
neral size of a township is 69,000 acres — twelve miles
by nine, say with nine lines of nine miles each (called
concession lines), 400 rods apart, upon i.>ach of which
a narrow line is reserved for a road. 'I'here are also
two cross or check lines, each at right angles to the
concession lines, and three miles apart, upon which
the corners of the lots are marked, eighty rods apart ;
thus 400 rods deep, with eighty rods front, gives 200
acres to each lot, with a road in the front and rear of
the farm.
It is dilTicuit to ascertain the quantity of lands
settled or ungranted in the province. In 1830, ac-
cording to a document in the Surveyor-general's
office, the surveyed township appeared thus — Granted
prior to 1804, 4,500,000 acres; ditto since 1804,
3,800,000 acres; to be settled by Colonel Talbot,
302,420 acres ; Total granted, 8,602,426 acres. Re-
maining ungranted, 1,537,439 acres ; Crown and
clergy reserves two-sevenths, 4,142,750 acres ; Total,
5,680,189 acres. Although a great part of the Crown
reserves have been sold to the Upper Canada Com-
pany, and a very valuable part of them given to the
iii
!■!
Ml)
I'liivrisity (sec F.diicnfion), it is istinirttid tlmt tliorr
are still npwiirds of T), ()()(», ()()() Bcrus of good Imul opi'ii
for si-ttliiiii'iit, witlioiif (JdIiii; iioifli of tin- Imt'k lino,
when- 7,(l(M),()()() or H.OOO.OOO ucri's of excellent soil
mny yet he foinul.
Stiitfincnt nhririm^ tin' iiiinntitij of siirrryrd l.tindu
n'miiinhii; vanitil und i^nnitiihlc, Mst Ih'iriiilicr, IHSTi.
Qunntity nniiiiiiiiiK unlocatcd Mist Deeeiiilier, Is.'it,
I.rn'T.lfil acres; ditto unlocatcd in iHj:., 121,;M(;
ncres; totnl, I,40.'i,hIh.
T(iii)ishiii.i rt'liinml us sunryrd in IHST). — Rons,
4;j,("27 seres ; I'enihroke, ri.lWi.'J ; Westnieatli, .jH,'.):i:>
acres; Soiucrville, L'(),27<»; total, IIK,18.'> acres.
Total (luantity vncnnt and grantidile, I,(i2 t,;t();» acres.
Exclusive of the lots reniaininj; uneranted in the
surveyed townshijis hcfori: mentioned, the rou(;h
estimate by Mr. Uichards, the Commissioner of l.aiid,
at present available, in round numbers, is — iii town-
ships not surveyed from I.uther to Zero, 730,001 1
acres ; in the Newcastle district, and joinin;; the
Home ditto, .'i.'iO.OOO acres ; in the western ditto,
west of the I'pper Canada Company, ;!.')0,()00 acres;
in the Loudon ditto, north of ditto, ;M0, ()()() acres ; in
ditto, not yet purchased from the ('hippcwa Indians,
2,."i()0,000 acres. Total, .|,»70,<H)0 acres.
Tlie area of Lake Superior is about .'{.'■>, 000 s(|uare
miles; of Lake Huron, 1!(),0(10 ditto; of Lake Mi-
chigan, 21,000 ditto; of Lake Erie, 10,000 ditto;
and, including Lake Ontario, the .surface covered by
these five lakes is upwards of 100,000 scpiare miles,
or (i4,000,000 acres !
XV. Cojiper and iron is abundant in various parts of
the province ; the latter particularly, at Charlotteville,
about eiiiht miles from Luke Erie. It is of that
description which is denominated shot ore, a medium
between what is called mountain and bof; ore, and the
metal Uiade is of superior quality. At the Marmora
Iron ^Vorks, aliour ,'!2 miles north of the Hay of
Quinte, on the River Trent (which arc situate on an
extensive white rocky lint, hare of stones, and ap\r<\-
rently in former times the bottom of a river, exhibit-
ing, like many other jiarts of Canada, dilfercnt ridges
and water-courses), the iron ore is rich to an excess,
some specimen;' yielding V'L' jjcr cent. ; it is found on
the surface, requiring only to be raised up. There is
abundance of the reqtiisite matt lials of limestone and
pine.
The forest trees most iirevalent are beech, maple,
birch, elm, bn?s, ash, oak, piiu', hickory, butternut,
balsam, hazel, liemloek, clu'iry, cedar, cypress, fir,
poplar, sycamore (vulgo, btitton wood), white wood,
willow, and sjjrucc. Chesnr.t, walnut, and sassafras,
though freqiieut at the he;id of Ontario, are seldom
met with north of the Lake. The valuable sugar
maple is common i'" every district. The butter nut is
plentiful; the kernel is nutritious and agreeable to
the taste, the young nut makes an excellent pickle,
the bark dyes a durable brown colour, and an extract
from it makes a mild and safe cathartic.
An immense (juantity of oak and jiinc timber is
annually sent down to Montreal and Quebt'c. Tobacco
and hemp are in process of genernl cultivation ; and
the potatoe of Euiope, conveyed to its original con-
tinent, thrives luxuriantly. Wheat is the stii|)le of
the province, and bears a liigber price than any other
in the Montreal and Quebec markets. All the English
fruits, vegetables and grains tl"urisli luxuriantly, and
yield in abundance their treasures with the smalle.st
possible attention.
UPPER CANADA.— STAPLE PKOOL'CTS.
Return of the Prndiioc, 8tork, Ac.
Cropi.
^ a ^ *
S£ Br.S
3 f" 3 it It
Htoek .
Distrlit.
(J
^<S-
_ < *j
i
?
St5
SCO
s
§
H
s
a
S
Ottawa
in:i.lH
1 in^HHt
;w
It.'i.'.-i
KastiTii
rmr.i
:i,'..'iii,-|J
.M4S
I3tl!l
.I()lltl^tOWn ....
KVHl:i
:i:ill:ii
:i!iv 1
IfilCIH
Iliilliiirst
.'.riii7
;C':i;i(ij
l-.ll
I'il.V)
I'riiK-i' Edwaril
llnililO
i.'Mitiiii
V!C."J
H.'iyii
Mliiliitid
ILTIH
2U7U.1 1
.-.(l.-K
l.'>{H.->
Ni'wcistle
ilMlil
l:U.V.'(i
:i:ri!)
I.viii7
Homo
I7!I.'.IH
(l!)(i7.Vt
(liilil
3K7;i>
Niat;«ia
adlirda
aicLM-i
•V^l
IH^ilj)
(iorc
•2--'t!l'.'H
.Ml7ia
.v.'h;
a4,')(Mi
l.onilon
1 1 i-.Ta
7;H(l(Mi
■i!Mi:i
•JiUdd
WoHtorn
:ii)Mil
•.'Hl'JI.II
•J I.M.I
H.'i'.'.-i
Total ....
l;iii8;i07i
i:l;l'.!l(i<l
177-MI
\iyMi>;
There are no means of ascertaining the number i.r
sheep or goats.
I'lodtici' tind I'licr (if I'liidiite. — Tobacco is pro
duccd in the western district of an excellent fpialitv.
Every species of agricultural iiroduce is cultivated .
but there are no means of ascertaining the ('orrcit
(piantity of each. Wlu'at is brought to the market,
and is a princi|ial export of the province. The otiui
description of produci' is generally cultivated forhunn
consumption.
The price of wheat per bushel varies in the several
districts, from 3.V. '.((/. to 4s. I'ul. currency, during the
year, depending in a great measure on the facility of
its transportation to market. The average price oi
oats during this year (IH.'iC)) was \s. :ht. jjcr bu>l;el:
ditto barley, :?.v. to :i,v. t»L ditto; ditto hay, 2/. I0,t.
ptr ton; ditto potatoes, l.t. '.id. to \s. i'ld. jier bushel;
ditto Hour, I/. 2.V. t)i/, to II. ii-i. \Hr barrel.
I'lires in I'pjwr Camtda, — Homed cattle, from I.I/.
to 1>^/. prr yoke ; horses, 10/. to 2')/. each; sheep,
l.'i.v. each; swine, !/..'').«, each; milk, 2J(/. i)er (|uart ;
fresh butter, "ihl. to l.v. per lb. ; salt ditto, (ii/. t(i
Ik'l'', cheese, Cd.todd.; wheafen bread, Ck/. to h,/.
per loaf of four lbs. ; beef, 3i/. to '>i/. jier lb. ; mutton,
I i</. to "id. ; poi k, '.W. to :ul. ; ricc, 3i(/. to 4(/. ; collVc
(green) 10'/. to l.v. ; tea, 2.?. (ul. to .'),«. ; sugar, (id. U\
Hi(/. ; salt, \hd.; wine, .").v. to I'l.*. per gallon ; hrniuly,
5.V. to 8.<. ; beer, !.<. to Ls. ;ii/. ; tobacco, lO.L to l.v. :!./
per 11).
ll'ns;i:i far Lnhonr. — Domestic, 1/. .I.v. to 2/. per
month ; pricdial, 2/. to 'M., and 4/. to .'>/.; the fornui-
with board, and the latter without board ; trade.«,
i'lS. '.\d. to 7.<. M. per day.
The above are the average jjricc!, at the close oi
18Ii(>. During the winter months, every article is in
advance ; but this return may be taken as the average
prices throu^lmut the year.
Miinufiivlun's. — It ajjpears from the Assessment
Rolls that- there are in the province 5.')1 grist mills,
and 843 saw mills. The domestic manufaetuie of
works is very common. Whiskey distilleries, breweries,
tanneries, and pot and pearl-ash manufacturirs nrr
very numerous. In Johnstown District there is I
steam-engine foundry, I brass foundry, and 1 sunp
and candle factory ; in Newcastle District, K'l fuliiit,'
machines and I fotindry for castings ; in Niagara Hi'--
trict, '.) fulling mills, II carding machines, h spiuiiinir
mills, and I salt maiiul'uetoi y ; in Midland Districl. -'
air furnaces fur small eastings, I large lurnaee wiih
lU'PKR CANAllA.— I'USr TOWNS AM) PROPKIITY,
311
irk, Ac.
Htock .
1
oi
^
u
i
?
o
X
S
7W
:..«
.M4M
lain.)
aii'.'i
H):i:iH
l.VIl
I'JI.VI
•j\m
h.'iUd
sfijn
ISili:,
;i:)'i!i
i:.:i(i-
(1ii4!l
•.!Hr:i>
K-ii
iHiim
.v.'h;
■iJ.-.lMi
MHiJ
■ilitiui
liljll
1 H.'..'.-,
•<"-'!»
lU;iiMi-,
ing the numluv i.t'
. — Toliacco is pro
i\ I'xcillcut (umlily.
lut'C is I'liltivntcd
•taining the ('oiiiii
li^lit to the niaikt't,
ovinci'. 'Ihi' (illici
cultivated lor liuim-
liirios ill the sevcriil
iirrcncy, iluriii'^ tin
IV oil tlie facility of
lie average price ol
Is. '.U. pur bushel;
ditto hay, \>l. 10».
\s. fi(/. per bushel ;
avrel.
(id cattle, from llii.
■2'tl. each ; sIk'c|i,
Ik, 2\il. per (|uart ;
; salt ditto, (i((. to
1 liread, M. to xJ.
I. per 11). ; mutton,
:',\d. to III.; eollVc
f),*. ; su';;ar, ful- to
er gallon ; hrniuly,
[Ceo, 10./. to \.i..U.
\l. ri.«. to 2/. per
to 'iL; the forniir
it board ; trado^,
Ics at the elose oi
levcry article is in
|ken as the avera;;^
the Assessment
|;e 551 grist mills,
manufaetuiv of
|illeries, hreweiios,
lauufacturirs ww
tstrict there i> I
lidry, and I sonp
pstrict, U'l folHii'^
in Is'iagara l)is-
fiines, :'i spituiiiii;
(Hand Uistiic!, -'
Irge liiniai'e willi
powerful iHfliPN nttnehed for fiDishlng Htcnm mid mil!
machinery, a sash maiiufnetory worked by (iteam, nm-
chinery for iiinkiiii; hat bodies, 7 maehiiics for carding
niid fulling, and I for making and tiiiishing woollen
cloths.
A fresh water tortoise or land turtle, is found on
the shores of the lakes, and not bad rating; seals
have been seen on the islands in Lake Ontario, and
there are report* of a craeken, or large serpent, hav-
ing been observed on the north shore of the same
lake.
In line (ish the waters of I'pper Canada are un-
fipiiilled ; the sturgeon weighs from 7'> to 100 lbs.,
and is capital eating; the shell-back species have
been taken in Lake Ontarii>. The tiwsiiui'»tin'j:i\ a
rather rare lisb, weighing fri'iii .lO to I'lO pounds, is
preferred to our salmon. The trout of the upper
Montreal.
lakes attains the size of ho or HO pounds, nnd resem-
bles the sal-non in colour, but is not so highly Ma-
vourcd ; the white lish resembling the shad, is plen-
tiful ; the pike of Ontario weighs fnnii three ti> ten
pounds; the picki'rcl not so round, is sluuter, Hatter,
and duper; there are three species (d' bass; the
jierch weighs about a pound, aiiil is a gooil pan fish ;
among the other species are dace, chub, carp, mullet,
suekers, billlish, lake herriics and cils, the latter are
not caught, 1 believe, beyond the l''alN of Niagiirn,
where they may be observed endeavnuring to ascend
till' slimy and perpendicular rock, where it is over-
arched by the water.
The liillowing Table of Distances of Post Towns
from Halifax up to T'ort I'lrie in I'pper C^anada, will
convey an idea of the dill'crent positions or settle-
ments treated of in the foregoing pages.
Wi
Comw
all.
■ille.
Idrnnto.
101
2'i
WUliainsburg:.
i:u
49
2/-
I'rc-cnlt.
ii:i
Hi
ay
12
llroek
no
11.5
!!)!>
117
9ft
6h
Klnifst
on.
•J5H
i;ii
154
127
59
Hellcvillc.
1)04
•m
200
17:1
l(!l
105
4O |Cot)oii
rp.
:irr)
'i[)^
2,-2
24.5
233
177
IIH i ;2
York.
ayo
3I1H
2K(!
259
217
2fi5
191
209
132
1.50
k6
101
121)
14
32
4S
4IM
■M6
aoi
IS
31
Nollson.
16 .Anriwt
4-JI
;u2
a'.'o
■Jsia
281
22,5
l(i()
■;r.
448
■m
a44
317
30.5
249
190
144
72
.5S
40 24
Grlmnby.
4/"5
393
a;i
344
332
-m
217
171
17H
99
8.5
(i7 51
27
N'lagar.t.
4S2
400
a-8
3,')1 339
283 I 224
10(i
IIG
132
92
"4 ! 58
.'14
7 1 Queen
stoii,
t'hippnwa.
493
410
ass afii a 19
293 I 2:u
IHH
102
84 ; (is
44
60
17
3:4
10
SOS
426
404
377
:lf).5
309
2.50
201
118
ino i 84
21!
16
Fort Erie
Proposed postage in lJpi)er Canada, by House of
Assembly, I to ,50 miles, -b'. ; .50 to 150 miles, Hi/. ;
150 to ;!()() miles, lo,/. ; ;{00 to 100 miles, l,v. ; 400
to 500 miles, l.s. Ad. ; above 500 miles l.v. (nl. News-
papers, one halfpenny each.
I'lopi'rtij uiiniiiilUj ni'dtcil, tittd if not con.suiupd
turned into niorrdlilc or immnvfalilK Prnpi'rtij. — .\nimal
food for 3'J0,000 mouths, at 4/, each per annum,
l,2rtO,000/.; fish for 3:20,000 mouths, at 1/. each per
annum, 320,000/. ; bread and other vegetables, for
;i-'0,000 mouths, at M. each per annum, ;)(;o,000/. ;
butter, milk, cheese and eggs, for 320, nOO mouths, at
'11. each per annum, (i 10,000/. Luxuries, viz. Wines,
Spirits, Ale, Tea, Collec, Sugar, S;e. for 320,000
mouths, at 5/ each, per annum, 1,(')00,0()0/. Kood
for Horses, Cows, iS;c. 1,000,000 animals, at 2/. each
per annum, 2,000,000/. Clothes and Furniture worn
ont for 320,000 mouths, at 3/. each per annum,
yfiO.OOO/. Domestic Manufactures, &c. annually pro-
duced, 2,000,000/. Income from business, or Profits
on Professions, at 10/. each per annum, 3,300,000/.
Waste by Fire, Loss, bad seasons, &c. 100,000/.
Mnrmhle I'ropertij. — 3(),530 horses, at 10/. eachi
3(i5,;',0(l/. 157,5'.' 4 horned cuttle, at I/, each, (•.30,37f./.
300,000 sheep, at I/, each, :;oO,000/. 250,1100 swine,
at 1/. each, 250,000/. Poultry, value 20,000/. House-
furniture, at 20/. each housi', (')3,.smo/. Clothing and
e(iuipage of 320,000 persons at 5/. each, 1,500,000/.
Machinury and farming implements, 100,000/. Bul-
lion and coin, 200,000/. Ships, boats, timber and
other merchandise, 10,000,000/.
IniiiKirriihlr I'ro/icrli/. — 1,128 houses, at 50/. each,
5, (MO/. 1,000 Saw and Orist Mills, at 200/. each,
200,000/. I, ('130, 9(15 acres of arable land, at 5/. per
acre, H,15.t,H25/. 3,511,1 ("12 acres t)f land occupied
but untilled, at 1/. per acre, 3,541,1(12/. 13,000,000
acres not granted, at 5,v. per acre, 3,250,000/. Roads,
Canals, Dykes, liridges, Wharfs, Sec. 5,000,000/.
Forts, Gaols, Churches, Hnrracks, &c. 1,500,000/.
Manufactories, Mines, Quarries, Jtc. 2,500,000/.
Total annual Production of Property, 13,1 ("10,000/.
Total Moveable Property, 13,42',i.55(";/. Total Im-
moveable Property, 24, 151, );_'7/. Total Moveable and
Immoveable, 37,5,s 1 , 1 <U.
lit.'U)
rl
m
1 1:
CIlAl'TKll III.— NOVA Sl'OriA.
li
■I '
Skction I. Nova Scotia proptr connctti'il with tliu
S. Iv piirt of tin- coiitiiii'iit of North Aiiu'iicii, hy u
iiiii'iow isthmus (ciu'lit iiiiii's widr), in Aitimtc ht'twccii
the piinilh'ls of l,'<. iiiul Hi. of iiDith hitituili', iiiui thr
iiit'i'iiliaii lil. and )i7. wist loii^itiiilt' ; it is hoiiixUil
oil thi- north hy the Sfriiit of Nurtiiiiiiihcilimil, wliich
SI 'puiiifts it fiDiii I'riiici' lidwiinrs Isle; on llic N. K.
l)y the (itit of Ciili'^i'iui, which divides it from the is-
hilid of (ape llrctoii, on the S. niul S. M. hy tlic At-
hiiitic Ocean, on the W. hy the Day of I'lindy, and on
the N. \V. hy New lirunswiek. In ien«th it is ahoiit
liHO inih's, stretcliiii'n' from S. \V. to N. V.., hut of nii-
eipial lireadth, varyinj; from 'ill nides at lllack Kock
I'ier, to Kit iiiiU's at Bristol, and eiiihracins; a supcr-
ticies of ir>,lil7 sipiare mih's, or '.»,'.iit I.hso acres.
II. Althoii;_'h tile territory, known umUr tlie fitU'
of Nova Scotia, was proliahly tirst visited hy the
l'al)ots in their voya;;e of discovery in l-i;)7 (and the
ancient authorities statu such to he the case), tlie ear-
liest authentic account wu possess of its I'jiropeiin
colonization was hy the Marcpiis de la liochc, who
hy the orders of Henry IV. sailed from France in
l'i'.)H, with a nuinhcr of convicts from the prisons,
wluim he landed on the smidl and harren hiaiul of
Sahle, situate ahont .Ml leaj;ues to the S. K. of (.'ape
llreton, and .'!.") of Caiisenu, aliout ten iingues In cir-
cumference, ami interspersed with Miiid-hills, hriar-
plots, and fresh-water |)onds.
After cruisiii}? some time <in the coast, the Rlarcpiis
was comiielled hy stress of weather to return to
Trance, Icaviiif; on Sahle Isle forty unfortunate con- j
victs who had heeii landed on this harren spot, where |
after seven years hardships twelve only were found
alive, in a most wretched and emaciated state, on the
Trench monarch having; sent L'hetodol, the pilot of
the Nianpiis Do la Roche, to look after and hriiii;
them hack to France.
The next visitation of Nova Scotia (or, as the
French called it Acadia, this name was f;iven to Nova
Scotia, New Brunswick, and part of the State of
Maine;) was hy I)e Monts and his followers, and
some Jesuits, in IGO-I, who cs.sayed for ei^ht years to
form settlements at I'ort Koyal, St. Croix, Itc. hut
were finally expelled from the country hy the Kng-
lish governor and colonists of Virginia, wl\o claimed
the country hy right of the discovery of Sehastian
(Fallot, and considered the French colonists of De
Monts as encroachers or intruciers on the ;tin>«-<'r
granted to the I'lymouth Company, in KiOCi, and which
extended to the 45. of north latitude; the right of
occupancy being then considered invalid and the doc-
trine admitted —
" A time it iriis — to all hi' it kiwini,
H'hcn alia man sailed hy umaw, was his own."
Kight years elapsed after the forcihle expulsion of
the French colonists from Port Royal and other parts
of Acadia, hefore the h nglish hegan to think of set-
tling on the peninsula, hut in 1021 Sir William Alex-
ander applied for and ohtaiiud from .lames I., a grant
of the whole country, which he proposed to colonize
on an extensive scale; it was named in the patent
Nova Scotia, and compri.ted within the east side of „
line drawn in a nortli direction from the River St.
Croix to the (iulf of St. I.awrenee,
The Nova Scotia haroni'ts were createil hy Cliarlii
I.; they were to contriliiite their aid to (he settle-
meiit, upon the consiileration of each ha\ing alluttitt
to him a lil)eral portion of land ; their niimher w;l^
not to ex( eed l.''iO; Ihey were to he endowed wjtli
ample privileges, ami pre-eminence to all knights
( alh'd liijiiilcs Aiinili, hut noin' of tlii'in were to lie
li;ironets df Nova Scotia, or of Scotland, till the) liml
liiltilled the cunilitidns prescrihed hy His Maie^ty,
and tditaihed a ei itllieate of perl'ormanee from the u'li.
veriior of the colony. 'I'he patents were ratitied in
pai liament.
Within iilinut a year after the sealing of his patent,
Sir \\ illiiim Alexander despatched a numher of emi.
grants to take possession of his grant, who, altit
wintering in Newfoundland, arrived in \(\'2'.\ at Nova
Scotia, where they found many French settlers, the
descendants of those who had niiiaiiied at Port Rmul
and other places, to whom were added adveiitiinis
from the St. Lawrence and France; under tliese
circuinstances the I'.iiglish iinigrants thought it pni-
dint not to attempt to take possession of the country,
tliey returned to iMigland, and war hreakiiig out simui
alter, between Kn:;land and France, elforts were iiiaile
hy Sir W illiam .Mixander and his friends to drivi' the
French from Nova Scotia, hut for several years all thr
etl'orls of Di' La Tour (to whom Sir William Alexander
had assigned or liased his grant) and others were
inethi'tiial until Oliver Cromwell sent Major Sed^-e-
wick, with an armed force in K'l.M, and Nova Seotiii
for the third time fell into the possession of the l''ii;j;-
lish, nomiii.illy at hast : I'ort Koyal being taken hy
Sedgewiek's troops, while French settlers were esta-
blished in dilVerent parts of the country ; these were,
however, finally subdued, and the protector Croinwill
granted the claiii s of Charhs La Tour as heir to his
lather, who received the colony from Sir William
Alexander. Cromwell thought tit to associate with
La Tour, Thomas (afterwards Sir Thomas) Temple,
and William Crowne Temple |)urcliased La Tour's
share, re-established tlie ditlereiit settlements, nnd
expended l(i, ()()()/. in repairiii'; the fortiticatidiis, liiit
while the colony was emerging from di.4ress iiiul
obscurity, it was ceded to Franco I v the treaty of
Breda in KJCi".
For 'M years succeeding the treaty of Bredii, the
colony enjoyed reposi', and some progress was made
in establishing fisheries and extending the fur trade,
hut uiion the renewal of hostilities in K'ih;), it was
still deficient in means of defence, and Port Royal
was taken by Sir William Phipjis, with a s(piadi(iii
from Massacluisets; the French, as usual still held
themselves masters of the other jiarts of the penin-
sula; the Knglisb, however, retained a nominal pn.s-
session, sometimes fighting for a district, at others
ravaging the French settlements; hut by the treat)
of Rvswick, in Kiyii, the colony was once more re-
stored, or rather left unmolested in the possession ci
the cast aide ot i,
roiu till- lUvtT sr.
•ri'iiti'd by Clinilw
■lid to the Mttli'.
ell lm\iii;; iilli)ttt'il
tlic'ir iniinlui- \va^
lu' riidnwcd witli
I'C t(i idl kilii^liK
tlu'tii were to lir
land, till tli('> hiul
I by His Miiji'sty,
iiuiicf t'i'orii till' '.'li-
lts wiTf rutiticd ill
iliiif; ol' bis pnfcnf,
a iiundicr ol' I'lni-
!<iniit, wlio, niter
.■d ill l(ij:i nt Nova
ri'iicb scttli'is, tlif
iliK'd nt I'urt Uiijiil
ivdik'd iidvi'iitniiis
1(0 ; iiiidiT tliL'se
Ids thi)iit;ht it prii-
siiiii ol' tlic c'liintiy,
bri'nkiuK out mhhi
', c'lforts were iiiaiji'
lii'iids to drive tlic
t'vi'ial years all tlu'
William Alcxaiuki-
[ and otluTs Wile
suit Major Si(li,r-
, and Nuvii Scotiii
ssinii of tlic Kiij;.
lal bi'iii^ taken liy
rttlcrs weru csta-
iitry ; tluse were,
fotiL'tor {'roinwiH
our as bfir to his
rom Sir W'illiain
to associate with
lionias) 'lViii|ili',
based I.a Tour's
settlements, and
[fortifications, but
(iin distress and
1 V tbc treaty of
Ity of Bred:i, tlii'
logress was niado
iu'^ tbc fur trade,
in 1('.H'.», it WHS
land I'ort lloyal
vitb a s(|uiuii(iii
I usual still belli
|ls of tbe peiiiii-
a nondnal pos-
Istrict, at otiiers
|ut by the treaty
once niiire re-
lic possession el
UlTKR C.VNADA— IIISTOKY AND ACUUISITION, liKOCJIlAl'IIY.
Krani'v{ hut un the breaking uut uf the war aKalii
In I7<il. preparations were nuulc in Flulnnil and
Maniiachiinrts for tbe tulai snbju;ifttioii of Nova Seotin
to the Dritisb iirtns, with n distinct avowal on tbe
part of the crown tbaf if a^nin e.ini|iiereil it sbould
not be restored to Kranee.
Sir \Villinn> was born hi lfi;>(), at I'einnipiid, In
New Kmiland, be was tbe mm of n blaeksmitb, and
comnieneed life as a sbepberd : at the ajce of \>* \w
was apprenticed to a sbip carpenter, subse(|ueiitly
built a small vessel for himself, anil in the course of
time was successful in raisini; ;iOO,(l(i()/. sterling Ironi
a Spanish wreck at tl..' Hahamas. lie was kni^'hted
by James II. and employed oii several impoitant ex-
peditions by l''.nt;lniid, and by bis compatriots, the
colonists.
'I'lie expedition for tbe capture of Nova Seotin sailed
Inim lloston Hay on the I nth September, I7li», and
lifter some (lj?htiiiK, I'ort Koyal capitulated on tbe
;.".»th; the other stations subseipiently ^nve in their
adhesion to the liritish government, and at the treaty
between I'runce and MiiKland, in I7i;i, Nova Scotia
was liiially ceded to the latti'r power, who ebaiiKed
the name of I'ort lloyal to Annapidis K -yal, in
lioiioiir of (Jiieen Anne — made it a seat o!' lovern-
iiient, and named a cnuncil of the prini'ipa' inha
hitiints for the manogement of the civ
province.
IJy tbc liitb article of the '.vrnt) ' 'ween I'Vince
and Kn;;land, of the lltb.\pril, l7i;i,all NovaS.otia,
with its ancient boiindarii's, as also the city of I'ort
Uoyid, and the inbiibitants of the same, were ceded
to (ireat Britain, " in such ample manner and form,
that the siiiijects of the most Christian kin;.; shall be
hereafter I'xcluded from all kinds of lisliiii'; in the said
seas, bays, and other places i>n the coast of Nova
Scotia, tliat is to say, on those which be towards the
cast, within .'to leamies, hcftinnin;; from tbc island
coiiiiiioidy called Sable, inclusively, and thence stretcli-
ini; along towards the S. W,"
l.ittle further remains to he stated respecting tbe
ncipiiNition of the cidony that would he intcrestiuir to
the general reader, or within the i-cope of this work :
from 17 K! to 17 1'.), Nova Scotia was neglected liv
England. 'I'lie I'"reiicb pretended to draw a distinction
between Acadia and Nova Scotia; and as tin; country
was ceded under the former appellation, they endea-
voured to maintain that Acadia was the name of the
peninsula which they bad alone ceded to Britain, ami
that the rest of the country lying between New iMig-
land and the Bay of Kundy, was a part of New France,
which, together with Canada, still belong;. *'' them,
— but tbe trick was exposed by the 1. !..i ; iUts of
Mii-sacbusets.
'Ihe designs of tbe Ficiicb to acrpiire by fraud what
they (•oiild not obtain by force, drew thi- attention of
the British pui)lic to the importai of the colony,
and encouragements were held oii' 'o etired ollieers,
Sec, to whom otters of grafts >. land were made;
,i,7f)() adventurers were embarked with their families
for the colony. I'arliament granted -10, 000/. for
their support, and they landed at Chebucto Harbour,
when the town of Halifax was soon erected by the
new emigrants under the command of their Governor
the Hon. Kdward Cornwallis. The French settlers
(under the name of Neutrals) were still very nume-
rous in the colony, and with the aid of the Indians
held the British in constant alarm, and murdered
many of the settlers ; after various contests and much
cruelty on cither side, tbe ' Neutrals' to tbe number
of several thousand, were forcibly expelled from Nova
i>i:t
Seotin, and carried in British transport'* to Mnssncbii-
netH, I'ensylvnnia, .Vc, leaving nothing behind them
hut sniokin;/ ruins and deserted villages. I agree with
Mr. Ilalihurton, the historian of bis native country
(who has writti'ii an admuidde history of Nova Seo-
tin, which was printed and got up in a most credit-
able manner, at Halilay, in HJ'.i.) in deploring the
cruid events that took place on tl'.is distressing occa-
sion, but tbe blame is to be attributed to the crafty
policy of the French Court at I'liris, who in-<ligivti(l
the NeutrnN by every possible means to harass und
annoy the Fnglish,
In l7.'iH, n constitution was grnnted to NovnSeotiai
consisting of a House of Assembly for tbe Kepresent-
atives — a Legislative Coinu'il and (ioveriii>r repre.
senting tbe crown : in the same year the capture of
l.oiiisburgh, in Citpe lireton Isle, gave additional
security to tbe colony, which now began to improve.
In 17<>i, on till' Section of a new I'arliament in Nova
Scotia on the accession of (jeorge HI. to tbe crown of
(ireat Britain, tbe number of ri'presentafivcs returned
were 21, n. •iiely, two for each of the counties of
Halifax, I, up nlMirgh, Annapolis und King's; four for
Halifax to,, ship, and two lor each of the tteviisbips
of l.uiM'nbin'.'h, .\nniipolis, Horton, Cornwidlis, Fal-
mout! und Liverpool. Ily the treaty of Paris, lotli
Hairs of thi' I Fehru<v, y, \li',2, France resigned all further claims on
,'.iiy (. her hirmer possessions in North America.
No"'ii:g of anv ''oiisci). nee has since occurred in
No ,1 Scotiii to , ,piiri' a netailed notice.
New Brunsi \ and ('ape l5r<toii were sejiarated
into two (11 ,it govirnments in llxi: tbe latur was
re-annexed ■ > Nova Sci''''\ (of which it now hirms a
ci ■ 'ity in \»l'.i. The ■ ■^\ Covernors, since the
I I i . acipiisitioii, wei e-
.// - miiKiiin ItLijat, — 1710, Col. Vetch, governor;
1/14, )■. Nicholson, ditto; I7I!», '■ !'! ''ps, ditto ;
17:^1', J. Doucett, ditto ; I7'J>, L. .\ri Hrioinr, ditto ;
17;'.'.t, .1. Adams, ditto ; I 7 lo, Paul Mascarene, ditto.
.// Hiitifii.r. — 171'.), K. Cornwnllis, governor; 17.'i'-',
T. Hopson, ditto; I7'i4, C.Lawrence, Lieut. -(iov. ;
I7."i<', C. Lawrence, (iov., and U. Monkton, Lieut.-
(i ■ • nCiO, J. Belcher, ditto; illV.i, M. Wilmot,
(lOv. ; 17)'di, ^L Francklin, l,ieiit.-(iov. ; 17i')ti, Hon.
Lord \V. Campbell, (iov. ; ni'J, M. Francklin, Lieut.
Gov ; 177-', Lord W. Campbell, (iov.; 177;t, F.
Legge, Gov., M. Franklin, l.ieut.tiov. ; I77(i, M.
Arbuthnot, I ieut.-(!iov. ; I77H, 11. Hughes, ditto;
17kI, Sir A. S. Hammond, ditto ; I 7hj, John Parr,
Gov., and Sir j\. S. Hammond, Lieut. (Jov.; l7H,'f,
K. Fanning, ditto ; I7'.)2, .1. Weiitworth, ditto ; IHOH,
Sir (i. Prevost, ditto; LSI I, A. Cioke ; lsll,Sir.L
Sherbrooke, ditto; L'^ICi, Lieut. -(ien. the Uiglit Hon.
(ieorge, Farl of Dalbousie, ditto; IHu'O, Sir J. Kempt,
ditto; I,S2H, Sir P. Maitland ; February, IS.fJ, Lieut,
(iov. Sir (John (Campbell.
III. The most remarkable natural feature on this
peninsula of the North American continent is the
numerous indentations along its coast.
A vast and uninterrupted body of water impelled
by the trade wind from the const of Africa to the
American continent, strikes the Nova Scotia shore
between 14. and 4.'). N. latitude, with a force almost
adcipiate to its total annihilation — only a barrier of
1.5 miles in breadth between the Atlantic Ocean and
the Gulf of St, Lawrence seems to have escaped such
a catastrophe : while a space of nearly 100 miles in
length and upwards of 40 in breadth has been swal-
lowed up in the vortex, which, rolling its tie.; us
tides of from tio to 70 feet perpendicular hei > ip
the beds of tbe adjoining rivers, has converted n.om
\'..\i''^
\ri
%
iif
.Mm
m
' )'
m i
f; ...!■
!!'!
i'S\
I'M
m
1*1
2\\ l.TPKR CANADA— fJKvOnRAPMY. V,\
into inlniul sens, tnivorsiiiK tlu' provinco ('mm west to
cast lor more ttiiiii Imll' its Iciiijtli.
T\w coinliiiu'd iiitliu'iKv of tlio sniiu- |i.i\vcr('iil nt^ont
aiul ot tlio Atliiiitic Ocean Ims pnuiuced ithou;;li in a
less stiij^ini; nmiinei) the same elVeet upon the soiitb
shore. Owinp to the operation of these eauses, the
hnrhoura of Nova Scotia for numl)er, enpaeity and
safety are unparalleled in any other part of the
world: between Halifax and Cape ('anseau are li.'
ports capable of reeeivini; shi|(s of tln' line, and there
are 14 others of stiHicient depth fnr nierehantnuii.
Respecting the interior of the colony, it may be
observed that of iri.CilT square miles, the siiperlicial
contents of Nova Scotia, one third is siiiijiosed to be
occupied by lakes of \arious shapes and sizes, so
spread out that there i: no point in thi' province 'M)
miles from navif^able water. 'I'lu' surface is undulat-
ing, there being scarcely more than half a mile at a
time of level ground, but the elevation is inconsider-
able, the highest laud (Ardoise bill or Arthur's Seat)
being only HIO feet above the level of the sea. There
is a range of high lauds on the west coast, betweiMi
St. Mary's Hay and Argyle, and another more ex-
tended and lofty on North Coast, skirting the Hay of
Fundy, between Annapolis and \Viiids(U', or indeed to
the head of Miuas basin. I'be scenery throughout
the province is beautil'ully i)iclines(pie, owing to the
great variety of hill and dale, ami the numenms rivers
and lakes scattereil throughout the country. [See
Cohiuidl l.Uinini, vol. vi.J
The harbour of Halifax has not perliaps a superior
in any part of the world. It is situate in -14. -10. N.
latitude, (JH.-IO.W. longitude, nearly midway between
the cast and west extremity of the |)euinsula — and
from its situation being directly open to the Atlantic
and its navigation scarcely ever interru|)ted by ice
(as Quebec is aniuially^ it is our cbii'f naval station
ill North America, and alVords safe anchorage for 1000
ships. Several islets exist at the entrance between
Sambro Head and Devil's Island, rendering the navi-
gation apparently rather intricate, but even a stranger
with proper jirecaution has nothing to fear. Thi'
channels east and west of M'Nabs island are guarded
by York redoubt, Slurbrooke tower, I'^ast battery, and
several others. The city of IJalifax is built on the
cast side of a small peninsula on the declivity of a
hill, which ri.ses gradually from the water's edge; its
length being about two miles, and its breadth about
lialf a mile, with wide streets crossing each other at
right angles, and contnniing nearly 2000 houses, and
a population not far short, including strangers, of
20,000.
IV. Novn Scotia is divided into four geological
divisions, extending from S. W. to N. E. nearly, and
running in a longitudinal direction with the greatest
diameter of the country. The south side of Novu
Scotia, bordering on the Atlantic and forming a nar-
row strip from Cape Sable to Cape Canseau, is a
primary district and compose<l principally of granite,
gneiss and mica slate. The second division is three
to four times the breadth of the lirst, anil extends
also the whole Ici gth from Cape St. Mary to Cheda-
bucto Hay ; it is composed of slate, greywacke, niul
greywncke slate. The third is a trap district, and
forms n narrow slip from Hriar island to Mina basin,
including the whole of the North Mountains, and the
islands, &c. on the Nova Scotia shore of the Hay of
Fundy. The fourth is a red sand.itone district, and
extends from the CJul iif Canseau, along the Northum-
berland strait. '\'\\v fossil remanis found in the
mountain limesl<uu', liansitiou slate, iS.c. are extremely
:OLOnY, MINKRALOOY AND SOIL.
curious, 'i'he palm tree, the bamboo, f lie cactus nia\
be dug from the rocks and coal seams. All iudicat.
ing that Nova Scotia at one time enjoyed a tropical
climate. [See Dr. (Jcsner's valuuble work on the
(ieology of Nova Scotia.]
Order of Rucccssion of the difforciit strata of Rocks in*
Novn .SoDtia.
Nature of Rocka ami Soils.
■a A
3
VVlicre fi)iuul.
1 S'
■a ^
I
.a
o "
-, «
73
,.\ vriretal)Io soil.
Gravel, siiiul, and clay,
cinitainiMK the Imnes ol
animals now cxistiin,'.
Hods ol frruvil and roiiiidt'il
I)rlit)li's,c(iiitiuiiiii(;l)iiiu'.il
ot aiiiinals now existing
(diluv. (Ictritiisl. |
Thin I)e(l<of limi'stoiie and!
marl, eontaiiiiiiff ammo-
Hill's mill otlicr shells I
Iledsof eliiy, limi'.stone audi
marl, ciiiitainint; the rr \
miiinsol' land and marine'
plants nnd animals. |
lirowii sand. .
Slaty liiuestonr, with shells !
Marly ela; . I
Limestone with shells. [
Hard rlay
t'ompnct limestone and
Oolite.
Trap rocks.
Cireenstone, ainy(j:daloid,
and toadstone, eontaln-
iiijc Kcms and neolites.
Snndslono ol a liiicht red
colour, (ontaininf; hedsj
of Kypsmii. and some.!
times rock salt. j
Limestone, con I aininp;maK:
nesia. Coal ineasnres,.
consisiiii;^ of samlstone,!
coal, sliale, iron stoncsl
and limesione, in alter-
nations olleii ri'peated,!
containinur the remninsl
of several classes ol tro.j
pical plants, marine, andi
Ihiviatilc shells. I
Millstone grit. |
Kvery where.
Valley of Annapolis and
Kings.
I'he surface of the roil
sandstone district (jc-
iK-rally.
Ciny's river and son,,.
parts of I'lniilierland.
Ilawdon, DonRlas, niid
some parts of ('o|.
Chester.
Shuhcnacadic river.
Windsor.
Keononiy.
Onslow, I'icton, tmnlMr
land, l'arrslioi(>n»,-li.
I.ondomlcrry, Winilsni.
Nepcan.
rlic Nortli M(nolt.^il:^,
capes ntid islands ne: i
TarrshorouKli.
Windsor. I!awd<m, linn.
!rlas, rieton, Cuniliei-
land.
Sluilicnaeadio, Cainlier.
land.
romket, l'iet(>n,Onsliiw,
Cumhorland.
I'icton, Cmnhcrland.
2= J
o —
■?^ K
"■ L
Hods of limestone, slate, Onslow, IMct<in, Ilurton.
clay and ••andstone. \
Dnik red sandstone, witlellorton, I'nlmonlh, Plc-
heiU of pebbles. I tou.
.Slate, frreywacke slate, and Chedalnicto Ilay,ITaIiri.\
(piartz rock, .sonietiines Windsor Ki>ai|, | inieii
altermitinfT with Iransi-i
tion limestone, contain-!
intr marine orijanie re-}
nuiins.
M
Mica slnte.
(inciss,
liranite of several varieties
ImrKli, Varnionth, fur-
nun - a belt runniiih'
lengthwise the pr'i-
viiicc ami ocenpv m ;• a
laiKc tract of country.
Capo Canscan, lla'ilax,
Miiri;arot's liay, la.
nenlinrtfh, .shelhiinu'.
forminK' ho. sunt h coast
of the province.
* lly (i. K. Voun^, l'.s(i., of Nova Sooli.i.
Marble, alabaster, porphyry, i'x., abound. Heds of
rich iron ore have been found in various directions ;
the sulphuret of lead has been found in narrow veins
among thi' limestone at Cinys' river; the copper ore is
rich, and doubtless manyotlier mini'rnls will hercartcr
be discovered.
'I'he soil of Nova Scotia is of various (pialilies
there are extensive alluvial tracts, producing as ricli
crops as any soil in Kngland would do; some of tin
uplands arc .sandy anil poor, ^^llile. singular eiiiiiiL-li.
the tops of the hills are productive to a high dcgici
NOVA SCOTIA.— CLIMATK
!i:.
t strata of Rocka in*
Wlii-ro found.
On the south coast tlu> land is so rocky as to lie dif-
liiMilt of cnltivafion, Imt wluMi tlio stones an- n'nioved,
I'xci'lU'Ul crops arc yielded. The hanks of rivers and
the lu'ads ol' hays on the north coast atl'ord many tine
fertile tracts.
V. The ten\i)eraturc of Nova Scotia is milder in
winter, and the lieat less intense in siunmer than is
ihecasrat (iuehec ; the air is hi'^hly saluhrions, so
\ears hein;; a fre(iuent ai^e in the full use of hodily
and n\ental faculties; many settlers jiass KlO wilh
ease and comfort. 'I'here are no diseases j;enerafed in
the colony, which is also free from intermittent and
other fevers. The summer heat is n.oderatc and
re!;ul.\r, wilh a soft S. W.wind, chani-iiui; materially
on i\u\ inclination N. or S. of that point. The autumn
IS a delicious season, and there is seldom any severe
wi'utlier until the end of Decemher. In (uder to
remove the prevailiiif; idea in F.n^land that Nova Scotia
is a re|.;ion of snow and foj;, I may state, that the
orchards of the province are eipuil to those of any
part of ,\merica ; plinnhs, jiears, (juinces, and cherries
are found in all 'j;ardens, and of the most excellent
(|uality. Cider of superior ([uality forms an article of
export, and /n'lti-hes ntul •j:,i<ii<i'.s riiifit in niiliiidnj
sfiisDiis irilliDiil 11)11/ iirlilicidl mil. Frost hinds the
eartli from Christnias to April, with almost invariahly
an intervening thaw in .lanuary, as already descrihed
under l.itirc- Cininild. The heaviest fall of snow is in
[''chruary, durins? the priMhuninance of the N. W.wind.
Uain falls most fre<piently in spring and autumn, and
a fop; prevails on the S. shore near the mouth of the
Hay of Kundy, hut does not extend far inland. As
the country hecomes cleared, or owins to some un-
known causes, the climate is heconiins^ milder.
The followiui; Melcondojrical Ucjiister is for Halifax.
irton, Faliiioiitti, I'io-
ou.
0(lalmctoI!uy,Halif,ix,
VilKlsor llnilil, llllU'll-
[iiirj;li, V«rnii)iitli, fiir-
^liii . a IkU niiiicji;;
iiKlliwisi! till- prii.
|iiH'o and ocni|>> in;' ii
iit;e tract of eoiiiitry.
1)0 ("aiisriiii, Halifax,
|»r;;ari'l's Hay, l.a-
i'MliiirH:li, Slu'lbiiriic,
Irniiiii^l he smitlu'i];isl
the laoviiii'c.
ahound. lleds (if
various directions ;
lid in narrow veins
I; the copper ore is
[■rals will hereiilter
Months.
.lau'iary
l''ehrM;.ry .
March .
.April . ,
.May . .
.luly . .
,\usust
Seplen\her
Octoher .
Novemher .
Decemher .
Thermonn'ter,
I'arenheit.
Max.
Med.
Mill.
•»'-'
20
•>
in
IS
II)
.M
;fo
s
CiO
10
L'O
(is
.'lO
;«n
so
,-:<
-10
<U)
■/.'
."■).")
7!»
.-.I
48
r,H
•M
:w
r.r>
;<s
18
u;
■_>.")
7
Weather.
Clear, rain, snow.
Ditto, ditto, cloudy,
Uitto, cloudy, rain.
Ditto, rain and cloiidv .
Clear, little rain.
Ditto.
Ditto, ditto, and I'o';.
Ditto, ditto, ditto and hazy
Ditto, ilitto.
Clear.
Ditto, rain, an, I foi,'.
Di'to KMil -now.
Wind.
N.S. W.
N.W. and variahle.
N.W.aud S.W.
Westerly.
N. and ditto.
W. and Northerlv.
W. N. anil S.
W. and Soiilherlv,
N.W. and S. '
S.W. N. and N.W.
W. and S.W.
N.W. and N.K
The vc'-rctahle and ar.inial kingdoms lieinR similar
III those of Cannda, reipiiie no separate description.
VI. When first iliscoveii'd, Nova Scotia, as well i-.s
utlier parts of AnuMica, wis inhahited hy ludians of a
rriUlish-hvown colour, with hi'j;li cheek-hones, larp;e
lips and mouths, loni; hlack coarse hair, and line in-
telliL;eiit penetrating eyes ; the males in hei!;ht from
live feet eiLrht inches to six feit, with hroad shouhlers
ami stroiij; limbs. The two principal tribes, the Mic-
inaes and I'ichihiictoos, dill'erint: in features and in
ilialeet, were ei|ually savage in tlieir mode of lil'i" and
iiiaiiiiers, hut to some extent civilized and made
nominal Christians hy the early Kivnch settlers, who
trained Ihe Indians to assist them in their wars against
llie I'.nglish ; and, in oriUr to infuriate the seini-
cliii.stianized Indians against Ihe l-'.iigiish, the French
inspired Ihemwith the horrible idea that it was the
l'.ii;;lish who cruciiied ('hrisi !
The wars between the rival conteslors for Ihe |)os-
session of Nova Scotia, Ihe introihietiou of the small
pox, and, above all I strange to say), Ihe maddening
use of spirituous liipiors, have swept olf nearly every
Indian tViun the lace of the country where he was
I'lice master ; and hul fi'W i nol 1 ,000) id' the Mic-
niiu's still exist. Indolent, when not roused hy the
slimuhis of huiurer or revenge, the Indian dreams
away life in a silent monotonous existence; his only
wants are ioo(\, raiment, and shelter of the humblest
kinds; and witldii a lew years more, the remiianl of
this exlr.ii'uhuary s|-.ecimen of tli,' huiiian race will
have entirely passed away.
I have been unnble to linil any very accurate early
details of the pnvrress of pcipiilalion in the colony. In
17 1'.', about no years niter the seltleinent of the
colony, lilt Acadians amounted to is.imo in number.
.Viler the removal of these pciiple from Nova Scotia,
in I7.">.'), the I'ritish settlers were computed at only
,">,(ioo; and in 1 7<i I, the uumherof souls was reekoiied
at l.f.OOU, including •J,(",|)0 Acadians. In 177-', the
reported numbers were I '.t, 1:^0 ; hut in 17S1, in con-
sequence of a number of persons having ipiitted the
colony, the number was reduceil lo rj,000. Two
yiarn after, 'JO, 000 loyalisls arrived, so that the nuiii-
liers well" increased to .'tJ.OOO ; but by tin subseipient
sep;iralion of New lirunsvviek, I'riiice I'.dward's Isle,
and Ca|-.e llreton into di.sluict govenimenls, Nova
Scotia had of course a diminished population. In
1807, Ihe number of months was estimated at ('..'), 000,
exclusive of Cape liietou Isle, then -,.'>l.'i. Two cen-
suses have since been mnde at intervals of 10 years
each, the result of which was as follows.
Iff
Ivanous (pialilies
liroduciiig lis rich
do ; SOUR ol tlu
singular eiumgli.
to a high degree
i ):
I,
r:ii
2\r,
NOVA SCOTIA.— POPULATION.
Whites.
Free Blacks.
Increase
T'ountips
Total in
1817.
Total in
1827.
in Ton
Years.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Halifax . .
15181
1392!)
391
3.50
29851
46528
Hants . . .
3587
2956
82
60
6685
8627
1942
Annapolis
4801
4461
171
228
9271
14661
4940
King's. . .
3457
3275
64
49
6845
10208
3363
Shelburne
5586
5892
232
236
11946
12018
72
Queen's . .
1421
1410
139
128
3098
4225
127
Lunenburg .
3465
3052
58
53
6428
9405
2777
Sydney . .
3531
3100
246
214
7091
12760
5669
Cumberland .
1641
1348
29
30
3048
5446
2398
Total .
42730
39423
1412
1348
84913
123878
21288
The foregoing is exclusive of King's troops, which
amounted in 1817 to 1,302; it is also exclusive of
Cape Breton isle, containing in 1817, 14,000, and in
1827, 30,000.
It will be observed that the census of 1827 is dif-
ferently arranged from that of 1817. The number of
males during the former period was 72,971, and cf
females 69,577 ; the annual births 5,246, the deaths
2,124, and the marriages 1,073.
The aggregate of the census of 1827 (the last tiiat
has been taken) shews the number of male nnd female
servants, exclusive of masters, as follows : —
Population of Nova Scotia in 1827.
Population
Births.
Marriages.
Deaths.
Counties and Districts.
lales in
nty, ex-
of La-
or Ser-
males in
xclusive
jnts.
ibourers
Servts.
lale Ser-
ditto.
of Souls
ountry.
County
lie Year.
Females
in the
during
r.
County
he same
includ-
ourcrs.
-^ 3 , M
01 ^ ?
J2 aj
B C
. CJ
c *-■
■3 >. <a
c ~ .3
::.. 1-
"^ n
o —
o 7,
■- to
o i'.o
— M~ ca
0. of
theC
clusiv
boure
vants
o. of
ditto,
of Se
0. of
orM:
6 >
5.S
o. of
marri
Coun
theY
0. of,
durin
pcrio
ing L
y.
y^
Y,
A
^
Y,
^•
y.
Halifax Countv :
Peninsula of Halifax .
5,546
6466
1321
1106
14439
384
87
520
District of Halifax . .
4898
4614
689
345
10437
370
10.')
157
District of Colchester .
3606
3597
315
185
7703
334
38
77
District of Picton . .
6704
6291
408
296
13949
501
70
'15
County of Hants . . .
3901
3692
619
415
8627
330
95
362
County of King's . . .
4756
4654
537
261
10208
33 !»
71
115
County of Annapolis . .
7152
6917
339
253
14661
435
65
100
County of Shelburne . .
6133
5885
273
288
12018
635
129
124
County of Queen's . .
1936
1915
251
123
4225
153
26
77
County of Lunenberg
4531
4288
315
271
9405
331
78
123
County of Cumberland .
2568
2415
285
148
.5416
242
46
49
County of Sydney . . .
6255
5775
431
222
12760
508
1 26
89
Total ....
57986
56509
5783
3913
123848
4563
945
1908
There has beci' tio census since 1827. The totals
in the two return^ .ibove for 1«27 somewhat ditt'cr.
I do not know whether the term frfe. hidcks in the
census of 1817 (and which I do not find in the census
of 1927), applies to the aboriginal inhabitants of the
colony, or to the residue of a large party of maroons,
who were shipped from Jamaica to Nova Scotia, and
who becoming dissatisfiid, were for the K'l'Rter part
siibse{|uently trans-shipped to Sierra Leone.
Nova Scotia has been so long and so unjustly con-
sidered in Kngla'id a bleak, marshy, and almost unin
habitable coui!iry, that it may be necessary to enter
into sonic detail as to its inhabitants and localities :
I for, as has been truly observed by a native of tin
I colony, the extended and well-cultivated valley of tln'
: Animpolis — the diversified ami pictiires(|ue country (i|
i Ilorton and Cornwallis — the richness and extent df
I views in the vicinity of Windsor — the unrlvalkd
j beauty of Mahone Bay, with its nunuTous venhmt
' islets — the whole country bordering on the Shuhc-
! naciuli( — the very many spots in the eastern parts of
the province — and the extensive townships of New-
|)oit and Yarmouth, cannot fail to excite the wonder
of strangers, and they exist in a territory which has
idways been represented as the most unintercstlns
i part of the continent of North America.
NOVA SCOTIA.— POPULATION.
217
Increase
in 'I'en
Years.
1942
4940
33f.3
72
127
-iTn
5f.f)9
2398
21288
was 72,971, niicl of
i 5,24f), the doaflis
1827 (the last that
of male nnd female
bllows : —
Halifax division, containing part of the county of the same .lame, and the townships of Halifax,
Dartmouth, Preston, ar.J Lawrence town is thus presented at the last census : —
lagcs.
Deaths.
^ c -a .
C C 3 </?
i ^ '^^ u ^
!c^ 2
I— 60—" "3
. • C c —
° 1 S '"
/5
Lw
77
ur,
l\r,
1(10
124
77
123
49
M9
1908
a native of tlic
kted valley of the
|e.s(|iu' country nl
ps and extent of
the unrivalled
Imerous verdant
J on the Shubc-
Icastern parts of
Inships of Ni'w-
Icite the wonder
itory which has
It uninteresting
Ira.
Township
or
Sv'ttlement.
3 a
a..S
(22
s
Halifax town . . ,
Musquodoboit Sett
Margaret's Hay . . ,
Dover
Hammond Plains .
Wellington
Peggy's Cove . . .
Spryficld
Harriett Fields
Prospect Road
Up. and Lo, Prospect .
Sainbro
Portuguese Cove . . .
Hear Cove
Halibut Hay
Herring Cove
Ketch Harbour
I'crgu on's Cove . . .
Dutch Village
Beaver Bank
Windsor Road
Truro Road . . . . . . .
M'Nah's Island
Duggan's Island . . .
Eastern Passage . . .
Dartmouth ,
Cow Hay
I'rcstnn
Lake Porter
Cole Harbour
fMirri'nre Town . . , ,
Three l''athom Harbour
Chizotcook
Petpiswick
Tangier
Pope's Harbour . . .
.ledore
Calm Harbour
Little Harbour
Shoal Hay
Taylor's Hay
Ship Hi'.rbour
Sheet Harbour .....
Salmon River
Newcomquoddy . . .
Jeeum Tecum
Meeum Tack
Total
14439
1312
7H3
38
fi.'iS
73
44
r.7
-r,
42.5
20,5
170
42
19
205
179
ICO
17fi
52
502
203
55
9
157
9(10
no
1043
259
28r,
ir,i
1 05
580
112
42
7<:
183
39
17
95
107
177
131
5(i
138
25
2487')
•a a
.3-
1020
3909
9r)l
1201
68
4
15f)
191
124
259
107
r.7
.50
8
18
32
17
111
226
1300
178
177
6
214
504
148
906
36h
406
257
189
378
34
16
55
102
13
4
46
88
81
184
26
93
12
14460
128
3125
465
110
30
2
10
80
87
282
24
74
89
,56
110
27s
45
289
20
60
10
Produce.
c
I =
■5 js
o
4105
14034
948
837
76
5
375
310
475
196
76
10
31
247
365
137.5
1886
590
10
1341
921
294
921
505
603
691
340
744
.•.3
5
55
63
20
110
95
270
50
163
3
110
O 'V
23601
423141
l55lo!
4520
826
190
1910
2580
2840
5835
1850
830
960
250
595
1085
220
1630
1480
6143
3980
2580
200
2950
8480
1900
11320
4 1 95
8010
6502
5050
9982
1370
680
1700
2350
390
170
1 .530
2080
2310
2684
850
3450
350
2.'(80
.5426 32317
202642
1021
4061
779
256
14
77
106
102
98
75
65
40
12
14
19
11
125
90
543
382
181
8
259
301
121
507
233
4r;7
384
226
374
43
12
70
114
15
3
58
112
69
177
33
137
7
70
11873
Stock.
399
461
4
44
4
10
10
11
9
3
5
3
1
10
1
2
26
12
93
38
58
111
44
13
28
21
01
458| 39
13763177
642 466
#
m
129
9
4l!
76!
61;
89,
42
32l
35 i
9
14
15,
11
83 1
27|
186
249
32
5
138
195
97
289
202
275
263
163
543
77
9
45
99
17
3
391
79:
49
170|
26;
119<
8|
591
132
14
20
25
53
15
2
77
70
272
373
550
6
146
162
183
133
238
507
337
270
335
72
16
19
87
58
120
56
171
28)
139
12
95
493
1100
229
5
88
11
8
24
19
23
93
34
24
12
7
36
19
8
35
41
154
122
14
10
48
130
50
221
123
163
147
99
257
37
9
34
54
9
4
33
31
50
71
17
55
4
21
— I 1
1480,7588187.59 4160
The territorial distribution of the Nova Scotia
L-iiviTiunent is — 1, Kastern division; 2, Middle; 3,
Western ; 4, Halifax ; 5, Cape Breton (.wr wc.r/ <7ki;»-
r r
/(■/ ) . There are ten counties, some of which are again
subdivided into districts and townships, for the more
convenient administration of justice.
.'
1 r
218
NOVA SCOTl.V.— POPULATION.
The only counties diviJed into districts are, Halifax
into three, viz. Halifax, Colchester, and Pictou ; and
Sydney into Lower and Upper.
The townships arc not all of equal extent, nor of
equal number in each county ; viz. in Halifiix Dis-
trict there are Halifax, Dartmouth, Preston, and Law-
rence Town ; in Colchester District, Truro, Onslow,
and Londonderry ; in Pictou District, Pictou, Eger-
ton, and Maxwelton ; Lnnenburji County, Chester,
LunenburR, and New Dublin; Queen's, Liverpool,
and Guysborough ; Shelhurne, Shclburne, Yarmouth,
Harrington, Argyle, and Pubnico ; Annnpulis, Digby,
Clements, Clare, Annapolis, Granville, and Wilmot ;
King's, Aylesford, Horton, Cornwallis, and Parrsbo-
rough ; Cumberland, Amherst, Wallace, Hants, Fal-
mouth, Windsor, Rawdon, Kempt, Douglas, and
Newport ; Sydney, Dorchester, St. Andrews, Arisaig,
Tracadie. Ir each township the inhabitants meet as
in an English parish, and assesses themselves for the
support of the poor.
'I'he naval capital of British North America, Hali-
fax, has bi'cn Ijcfore described, and Dartmouth re-
quires no separate account : we may, 'hcrefore, pro.
cced to the eastern division, containing the districts
of Colchester, Pictou, and the counties of Sydney ami
Cumberland. The district of Colchester, is a part of
the county of Halifax, and is bounded on the nortli-
wcst by the county of Cumberland, on the west h)
the Shubenacciidic River, on the south by the district
of Halifax, and on the north and cast by the district
of I'ictou. It contains three townships ; Truro, On-
slow, and Londonderry, besides the settlements of
Economy, Stewiack, Tatamagouch, Salmon River, Shu-
benaccadie, Brookfield, &c.
The population of the district of Colchester, was in 1827.
c
"3
AGRICULTURE.
Land
Townships
a,
<2
culti-
vated.
Produce.
Stock.
Settlements.
c"
1
1
try
3
O
<
4-- .2
cJ C
4. .=
■C Ji
'Pi
II
o
Potatoes,
bushels.
Hay, tons
(A
O
i
o *
Q.
o
u
.a
'Jl
Truro township
1380
4,') ,51
2787
12053
53545
2054
285
1451
2295
808
Onslow ditto
. 2.39
r-,129
3035
13031
54935
2832
245
1708
1203
1314
Londonderry ditto . .
I.T.I 8
4924
4195
12114
55000
3581
249
2045
2431
1330
Oiconomy Settlement . . . .
.')27
1937
1375
3074
22140
1209
112
040
12,54
593
Stewiacke
1223
f.170
34r,3
12f.45
41018
3800
331
2432
2841
1280
Tafania-iouche andEarlTown
1104
2007
1820
3978
37780
800
80
818
1113
7nS
Salmon River
102
409
144
1850
3125
111
10
88
92
72
Shubcnaccadie and Halifax
Road
334
ir,94
989
910
847
2482
2if.r.
114G5
nr,r,7
1010
073
02
53
400
428
655
731
270
Brookfield, &c
309
?,:5.
District of Colchester. .
7Clf>
29010
18570
G3993
290075
10742
1433
10142
12075
087 1;
Ditto Castlereagh..
87
12.5
fi8
1 25
15 CO
! '^
7
35
38
.V,
Total .. ..
7703
29135
18G44
G4018
292235
' 16750
j
1440
10177
12713
0912
Castlereagh lies north of the Folly Mountain, between the District of Colchester and the County of
Cumberland.
N. B. The year 1827 was very unfavourable to the growth of wheat, and this return may be con-
sidered not more than one-third of an average crop.
Pictou, which is the third and last district of the
county of Halifax, is bounded on the west by the
district of Colchester, on the south by the district of
Halifax, on the east by the county of Sydney, and on
the north by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, It contains
three township . Pictou, Egerton, and Maxwelton.
jH
themselves for the
th America, Hali-
iid Dartmouth re-
lay, -hcrefore, pro.
lining the districts
iities of Sydney ami
hestcr, is a part of
ided on the north-
id, on the west lij
Quth by the district
cast by the district
iships ; Truro, On-
the settletnents of
Salmon River, Shu-
NOVA SCOTIA.— I'OPUL.VI ION.
CKNSUS OF PICTOU AND N. COAST.
2l'J
Stock.
1
i
5 I*
: '■J
Sheep.
4r>i
229.5
8(;8
ir,H
l'jr,3
1.314
oir>
24.31
1.330
140
l2.'-.4
.^!t3
j:?2
2841
ll'HO
ilS
1113
7«8
88
92
T>
M
6-1.-)
270
■2H
731
3-5
12
12r.75
fyXlh
.3.-)
38
■m;
77
12713
f)91J
the
County
of
m
ay be cc
)n-
,f
Sydney,
and on
nc
e. It c
Maxwc
ontaiiis
ton.
AGRICULTURE.
Townships
and
Settlements.
Produce.
Stock.
i
s
- CO
Grain,
els.
(A
c
2
1
1
« 1
O
a.
CJ
On
•o -a
l> .a
1
Other
bush
1
ca'
= !
c
o
a
'5
Town of Pictou
1439
7 (if,
474
2433 9815
380
73
192
244
23
Fisher's Grant
170
(;7(;
.541
952
141
16
148
266
108
Town of New Glasgow . .
200
350
ICl
.530
1220
87
17
86
140
30
Albion Mines
170
'
7
3349
15095
I7f)12
2.533
3130r, ' 79278
15677 ; 41(U0
3379
1614
521
213
3496
1482
6869
2775
2071
Middle River
1398
929
West River
1042
4410
2814
1 1 142
35842
1253
166
1056
1928
006
Si\ and four mile Brooks. .
309
1274
412
22! 8
9825
220
38
251
369
151
Mount Tom
270
994
389
1958
9280
232
38
244
301
13
Mount Dalhousie and Rod-
626
■ror's Mill
961
3103
1377
8212
20810
817
125
820
1477
Scotch Hill
315
778
429
17"f>
4530
366
29
190
367
114
River John
1007
3435
2(i01
5153
33585
1070
93
983
1560
498
Carrihoo
C,52
1985
1094
3076
14520
335
27
476
903
216
Pictou Island
.59
iir,
80
101
630
12
, 20
26
?2
Merigomish
1787
734 1
5 7 (■)(',
9369
89378
1365
185
1722
2'^83
7086
Little Harbour
505
2199
1915
3039
1 2336
497
61
529
1014
344
Transient jjcrsons inovnig
from place to place within
the District, supposed . .
250
Total ....
13949
19181
38198
98562
122C54
11750
1609
11701
21128
12945
Cumberland County is bounded on the N. \V. by
Chiegnecto Channel, the Missiguash River, and part
of New Brunswick ; on the en ,t by the Straits of Nor-
thumberlaiid; on the S. E by the district of Col-
chesrer; and on the south by the township of Parrs-
borough and part of the Bay of Fnndy. Previous to
the year 1784 (when New Brunswick was created a
separate government), the township of Sackvilh.' was
contained within the limits of this county, but it is
now a part of New Brunswick, and is cal' ' West-
moreland. Cumberland county contains t town-
ships, Amherst and Wallace, and a number of settle-
ments not comprised within either, viz. Fort Law-
rence, Macciin, Nappan.Mimidie, We<t Chester, Png-
w.Tsh, Fox Harbour, River Philip. Goose River, &o.
A(li')ining the boundary line, is Fort Ldinrnre Settle-
nirnt, lying between the Missiguash a. id the La
Planch.
CENSUS OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY.
A a
R I r U L T U
RE.
Proil
lice.
Stock.
Townships
e
o
u
and
■3
a.
<«
^
6
Settlements.
= o
c
C 3
c
o
£
%
u
u
QJ
CS
n
u
!«
o
X
Ainlicrst Town-iliip
11 VH
7-.'Sl
iiilK.)
!)!)HJ
hii4a)
;i()S7
ail)
19'.!5
2.19H
1147
Wallace Towiii^liip ....
U'll
4!l<)-!
aiH-2
.'iH.-ifi
:1!)|J5
IW'9
19s
ia72
2»(i;t
9a 1
River Flillip Setllmicnt
7(il)
;i'.u
a-i'2
4i:ui
;i(i;i.v>
1 r-'7
121
«7«
1911
H.M
Mahiula Vit ....
61-,
;Mfi;
l:lfi4
2ijy
a:i«!l.-.
Un7
1,-,H
1190
1.04
S2:i
Macau Do
4IIH
y(i«'2
KH2
211!)
212.-).^
10.17
9.'>
6j()
H17
512
Napaii Do ....
417
•iM6
1J0!»
:i:l!M
•J7(i'-'i)
141):)
123
S9S
1IH4
.•i58
C;<i(i»e Rivrr |io ....
I!)()
lun
.5y2
l:i4l
HI 21'
n.io
38
241
4)9
207
Wi'Mdiotir Do....
a(i()
I'jru)
42'J
lti!)9
rf.-.7
;ts9
42
277
49"
aos
Wiiitwortli Do..,.
T.I9
1(W()
.■iHa
hlill
H75I)
49a
4 a
2ti.t
a.'ia
248
Kurt Lawrence Do ... .
1W2
sua;
697
:t()3i!
14IB0
UU8
95
155!)
-17
251
Total. . . .
M\(>
i'93ns
I4I.S2
H4(l67
209t!)7
13790
1264
<I22()
11."; 7(1
."..'53.1
aoo
NOV.'K SCOTIA.— POPULATION.
ih.
'!:■■
Sydney Couii' v has bi'fii of liitc yrars diviiicd into
two districts -f.ic upper and lowtr ; tliu upper iurms
a triangle, It* s. uth side being 3() miles long, its
western 2'), and its sea-coast, includine; the circuit of
St. George's bay, about 50 miles. It includes about
one third of the whole county, comprehending the
settlements of Auligonish, (iulf Shore, Cape Ueorge,
Pomquet, Tiatadic, and Harbour au Dushce. In an
agricultural point of view, it is far superior to the
lower district, and notwithstanding the numerous and
beautiful harbours, and valuable tithery, possessed by
the latter, it is also niuch more populous.
The Lower Distrie,' extends on its interior or
northern boundary, fn m Cape Porcupine at the ,
north end of the Gut of Canscau, to the eastern
bounds of the district of Halifax, 40 miles; on its
western side from the southern boundary of Pictou i
district, to the mouth of l^kemsoegam Harbour, .'to
miles; and on the se:j-coast, including the shore ot
Chedabucto Bay, 120 miles. No part of Nova Scotia,
and perhajjs few countries in the world, alford so
many excellent harbours in the same extent of coast.
Mary Josejih, I.iscomb, Country Harbour, White- head
Harbour, Canseau, and Crow Harbour, are all navi-
gable for the largest ships, and arc accommodated
with safe and extensive anchorage ground. Kkem-
seegam, Little I.iscomb, Little St. Lawrence, St.
Mary's, Hollands, lieckerton, Fisherman's, Isaac's,
Islands, Coddels, Torbay, Molasses, llas|)berry, ISi;;
Dover, LittK- Dover, St. Andrew's Channel, Glasgow,
George's, Little Canscau, Philip's, (iuysborough or
Milford Haven, are all accessible and safe for small
vessels, and several of them for ships of 400 or 500
tons burthen.
CEN.SUS <
3F SYDNEY COUNTY.
1
AGRICULTtiRE.
Land cultivated,
acres.
i'roduce.
Stock.
Townships.
c
rl
is
CD
s
2
1
i
s
hi
S
c
'?
en
Dorchester Township . .
St. Andrew's do
ArisaiBT do
Tracadie do
2432
1C32
1568
1471
8425
7456
7H61
656y
4711
42H7
4!»75
3405
9085
5931
6156
7241
750601 33M7
5H297I 2275
.'>0260| 1793
496IOI 2557
173
1 15
132
143
3416
2648
2257
2172
5090
3»25
3913
4130
1456
1211
1004
I38!i
Amount of upper district
Amount of lower district
7103
5657
31411
8054
17378
4541
28413
9760
233227' 10012
130061' 5782
563 10493
285 .V213
I«958
;391
5053
2652
Grand total ....
12760
31)465
219iy
38173
36328b: 15794
848 j 15706
24349
1 •
7705
Middle Division. — This division contains three coun-
ties : Hant's county, Lunenburg county, and Queen's
county The county of Hants is bounded on the
west by Horton, on the north by the Basin of Minas,
on the east by the Shubenaccadie River, and on the
south by parts of the counties of Halifax and Lunen-
burg. It contains six townships: Windsor, Newport,
Rawdon, Kempt, Douglas, and Falmouth,
HANTS COUNTY CENSUS.
*
1
AGRICULTURE.
Produce.
Stock.
Land cultivate
acres.
Sheep.
Townships.
2 5i
Other Grain,
bushels.
Potatoes,
bushels.
Hay, tons.
2
t
s
1
■0
u
a
M
a
c
■fe
in
Windsor Township
2065
0195
4433
10337 42531
3555 884
1642
2761
864
Newport ditto
196U
110.15
4350
10437 54629
3626 528
2781
4417
1390
Falmouth ditto
869
3017
219"
5249 29885
2394: 248
839
1555
834
Rawdon ditto
865
5570
1586
5558, 25665
1996
247
898
1760
052
Douglas ditto
2273
9442
51H8
11712, 6588
5436
430
2752
3601
179"
Kempt ditto
595
2271
773
2035 9350
97«
1997;
148
563
769
390
Total
8627
375:11
18520
45328,227948
1
2486
9475
14863
5927
King's County is bounded on the south by the included in the number of acres of cultivated land,
counties of Lunenburg and Hants, on the east by The sheritf of this county also states on his return,
Cumberland, on the north by the Bay of Fundy, and that the crop of wheat for 1827 was not more than
on the west by the county of Annapolis. It contains one third of an average crop, with the exception of
four townships: Horton, Cornwallis, I'airsborough, ' the Wellington Dyke, »he produce of which was con-
and Aylesford. | sidercd a fair crop.
The common pasturage lands of the county are not
,'nm Harbour, ,'i(i
liiiiR the shore oi
■t of Nova Scotin,
world, aflbnl so
c extent of coast,
hour, White- head
)ur, are all navi-
•c accommodntc'd
ground. Kkem-
;. F.awrenco, St.
ernian's, Isaac's,
Ita.sphnrry, liij;
haiini'l, Glasgow,
(iuy.shorougii or
d safe for small
ps of 400 or 500
NOV.\ SCOTIA.— POPULATION.
KING'S COUNTY CENSUS.
221
3
a.
o
0.
.\GRIC
nee.
ULTURE.
Y
Froi
.Stock.
Townships.
lAnd cultivat
acres.
Si
u T
.SI
5
Potatoes,
busbels.
a
o
2
tn
o
Homed CatUe
Sheep.
a
I'nrrsliormitfb Tnwnsliip ..
CoiiiWMllis ditt')
HortDfi ditto
Aylesford ditto
Part of Dnllioiisie .Settle-
ineiit included in the '
Townsbip of Aylcsi'ord.
Total ....
41(11
13100 IMisr,
ll2!i(i iM.'r.'
:i300 isii.'i
70 M
2,-t2r0
2.')2.1H
4224
•2«l72r
1 isasti
27705
3384
11120
82.1 1
2, 111
2,1.'.
2()l
Ii2!l
nil
1!).'>1 2123 LIH,'!
.i;n6 Mini . 3227
4121 .'ili.-.O ' 271)1
IISH K.IIO 5H2
lOKiS
4:t
340'.' 1
12!)
255!)0
64833
2(1-
33tiBK3
2220
252fi!) I78<i
12540
34
1340/
10-
18407
47
10208
34150
25(5ti8
6,>100
338003
2,'i333 17H!)
12980
I8.')74
18514
l.miciiburg County is bounded on the east by the
coiiiuies of Hants and Halifax, on the north by the
counties of King's and Annapolis, on the west by
Queen's county, and on the south by the Atlantic
Ocean. It extends from east to west 40 miles, and
its extreme width is .'(.') miles, exclusive of the space
occupied by nearly .TOO islands, which lie scattered in
groups along its shores and harbours. It contains
three townships : Chester, Lunenburg, and New
Dublin.
LUNENBURG COUNTY CKN.SIS.
ver, and on the
tax and Lunen-
idsor, Newport,
Townships.
■a
a
3
a
o
a,
Chester Townsbip 20<.)2 3340
New Diililin d tto 227,> i 30li)
Lunenburg ditto ; 5038 70HI
Total j 9405 ,1340"
Queen's county is bounded on the east by the
county of Lunenburg, on the north by the county of
Annapolis, on the west by the county of Shclburne,
AGRICULTURE.
Produce.
♦-■ '^
Bo
£~
i£ 3
"S
558
5.->l
2008
3117
— .a
O
OflOi -iCtMin
OOII 84;i3o
21014 11)3028
33110 334IO3
I7IO
2:).S2
024!)
lo.vr
.Stock.
I V.
if
38
5!)
105
10|5
221)1
5042
202 1 8<)78
2112 ' 1151
237O I 114
().I50 27ti0
11238 I 5331
and on the south by the .\tlantic Ocean. It contains
two townships (Liverpool and Ciuysborough) and
several settlements.
QUEEN'S COUNTY CENSUS.
c
AGRICULTURE.
Produce. i
Stock.
Townships
CS
SI
u
and
Settlements.
3
a,
eat,
bels.
g in
is
tons,
ses.
«5
a
!
^1
« =
s
Liveipool Townsbip ....
4342
3006
644
1024
274:' ■•() 91
1601
1237
1543
Tort Jolly tiettleinent . .
146
205
—
100
2;, ,) 4
150
228
97
Port Montou ditto
33!)
'■i47
3
82
4,03, 192
150
184
175
Urookdeld ditto
172
!I32
172
353
40H7
410 21
212
433
180
Caledonia dittt
11!)
773
241
580
2803
329 21
190
210
I8R
Harmony ditto
107
4«7
333
520
2298
210 20
121
139
Kl
Total
4225
5030
1,102
3476
,Vi8I7
3577 7'>3
2436
2737
1941
aaa
NOVA SCOTIA.— POPnr.ATION.
Western Division. — This division contains two
counties, Annapolis county and Shelburne county.
The county of Annnpolls is bounded on the north mid
west by the Bay of Fundy, on the south by the coun-
ties of Shelburne, Lunenburg, and Queen's, and on
the east by King's county. It is divided into two
districts, the upper and lower. The fortner contains
throe townships — Wilmot, Granville, and Annnpolls ;
and the latter three — Clements, Digby, and Clare.
ANNAPOLIS COt'NTV CENSU.S.
i
AORI
uce.
CULTURE.
.a
Prod
Stock.
u
I'OWDHhipS.
t
=:
•<i
V
o
0.
= 5
■3
S
2
P
ther Gra
bushels.
Si
s
2
&
s
in
a
.S
'^
7270
5182
314
2713
8315
Annapolis & Dalhouslcl
Township 1
•ir<7*i
•J-'.8
1225
(!5II5
1291
Granville ditto
2.V2()
4'JII(I
I7H
54fi!)0
4125
4ftfi2
2ti4
27Hl»
37fi7
n(j4
Uit-'by ditto
aiii 1
•iu.yi
IP.I
78(iHH
4055
3():l2
2I(!
270!)
5(i(l5
1037
Wilmot ditto
^'.'1)1
.')i!in
17H0
4!)HIfi
5455
4525
3'.'8
2435
4173
1327
Clements ditto
ifiii
■Jtit!>
4(i7
a2(inii
2aiP7
2(151
153
14(10
22«0
614
Clare ditto
20:)8
•.ib«.5
2(1
I(I42U(I
S(l!)7 2(11)0
7(i
173t)
2I-92
27042
1341
Total
1 KiOl
•2i\T4
5410
38547H
26309
2154!>
1351
138/2
6804
Shelburne county is bounded on the east by Queen's
county, on the north by Annapolis county, and on
the south and west by the Atlantic Ocean. It con-
tains four townships : Yarmouth, Argyle, Harrington,
and Shelburne.
Shelburne County Census.
A(iRlCULTURE.
Produce.
-
Stock.
Townships.
a
Si
u cy;
3
1
Population.
Land cultiv
acres.
4-^ J^
a
Potatoes,
bushels.
Hay, tons.
12
X
Horned
Cattle.
Sheep.
V
a
Shelburne Township . .
2f)97
.su^a! 29r)
2fill
42701
2408
41
2428
4993
1754
Harrington Ditto
218f.
lf.87i 20 .'■)90
47020
lor.i
ir>
1323
4002 l:i21
Argvle Ditto
i:790
2fi40! ir. 10(;3|103837
3212
42
25CC)
3940 1555
Yarmouth Ditto
434.')
10039; lir, 4798 Il4f.y2
5022
220
3722
78l7;i45G
Total
12018
17499
445
9002
3082:)0
12293
319
10039
20752
5986
1
Yarmouth Town, from its local advantages, and the
enterprising spirit of its inhabitants, promises to be-
come a most flourishing and wealthy place — there
were, in
c
to
S
S
0.
<u
«r
3
cn
s
tt:
2
<u
c
a
S
«
a:
c«
1790
1300
200
1425
92
13.30
370
1808
2300
340
2000
224
3000
900
1822
4000
570
louo
1827
4350
C20
4000
220
8000
Of these there were 40 families belonging to the
Church of Kngland, amounting to 200 souls ; and
families of Catholics, amounting to 40 ; and 720
families of Dissenters of difforent denominations.
There arc 1 0,000 acres of land, 1,000 acres of dyked
marsh, and 2,000 of undykcd marsh, under cultivation
of dlll'crcnt kinds. From which ore annually pro
dueed, amongst other articles, about 5,0iio tons of
hay, 120,000 bushels of potatoes, 100 aoo pounds of
butter and cheese. The three latter have most rie-
servedly a high reputation. There are in the town-
ship a court-house (Including within it a jjiil), an
Fpiscopal church, and a Congrrgationallst, Baptist,
and Methodist meeting-house; 18 small sehool-housis,
14 grist mills, nnd 020 dwelling-houses. The rifils-
tered vessels belonging to and en!|)lo>ed from Yar-
mouth, were, in 1790, 20 vessels, 544 tons ; 1808,41
vessels, 1,880 tons; ls28, 05 vessels, 3,000 tons;
1833, 102 vessels, 0,901 tons.
ALout 20 voyages are made annually to the West
Indies, and the rest of the shipping is employed ;n
coasting and fishing. The duties collected at this
place, and paid into the Provincial Treasury, are
upwards of 1 ,000/. a year.
divided into twu
fortncr contains
?. and Annnpolis ;
t)y, and Clare.
NOVA SCOTIA— RKI.IGION
Tlic foregoing details will convoy a tnorc perfect
MS
iilcn of the actual state of the colony tliun any des
rri|)tion?i, however eluhnrate and niiiiute. The great
cvtent ol land under cultivation — the produce (though
the returns here stated are all under the mark, as a
tnx *as dreaded) thereof — and the stock thereiiii, will
all ilonionstrate that Nova Scotia is not the harren,
fo"sv land it has so unjustly heen represented.
VII. The estahlished (Ihurch is l^piscopalian ; the
uiiniher of people ofditferent religions at the last cen-
sus were — ('hurch of I'.ngiand, Js,ri.">;» ; do. Scotland,
:!7,J27 ; do. of Home, JO, 101 , of Methodists, U.loy ;
Baptists, Ht.T'.lO; Lutherans, 2, llCiH ; Dissenters frou\
the cstahl. hed Chinch, 4, H 7 ; do. of Scotland, -Id').
Quakers, IM; Jews, 3; Univer.salists, 51 ; Sandima-
nians, 1^3 ; Swcdenhorgians, 3 ; Antinomians, 9 ; Uni-
tarians, A; l)oul)tful, 313. The foregoing docs not
include Cape Breton.
'I'he estahlished Church is under the mnnagement
of a llishop, Archdeacon, and 3:2 clergymen. Of the
Church of Scotland there are 1-' ministers. Of the
Roman Catholic Church, a IJishop and It Priests.
There are 19 Wcsleyan and '.iC> Baptist Missionaries.
About .'■)(), 000 acres of lanil have heen granted for
the support of religion and schools ; the Kcclesiastical
estahlishinent as supported hythe lli)ine(i' vernmenf,
and expense thereof from April IH31 toMu.ch 1H3,') —
Bishop of Nova Scotia (salary 2,000/.) .\rchdeacon
(:i()0/.) President of King's College (00/.) Preshy-
terian Minislc. 'T)/.)
Number of Churches, Livings, &c. of Nova Scotia in 183»). [B. B.]
!0I
!H
1.17
127
ilt
141
;o4
gyle, Barringtoii,
ider cultivation
annually pro
.'J.OdQ tons of
,i»00 pounds of
|have most de-
in the town-
it a jail), an
jinlist. Baptist,
l.scliool-hous(s.
Is. The ngls-
>cd from Var-
fins; 1808,41
3,(100 tons;
|y to the West
employed in
lected at this
ITrcasury, are
Name of the Farislies ; in what
County or District,
and extent in square miles.
:}
Avlpsfnrd, Kintr's Comity, :ttft sq. m
Aiiiiapolis, Annapolis, i,-|(i sq. ni. . ,
Hrii'tjlown and Wilniot . . .1
Annapolis, iiii :.q. ni. . . . /
CU MU'iits, Aiuiapcilis ...
Clirist Clinrrli.Ciiinlicrlnnd, HI) sq. m
Clnist Cliiiri'li, Wuulsor, 'J'.il sq. in.
l-'nlvioi'th, Hants
Ilnly Irinity, Unecn's County .
Kackviilo, lialuax, llls(|. in.
St. (ioiiriic and St. Patrick
Sliplliurne, 112 st). ni.
St. Paul's, Halifax County
St. Paul's, tlalila.x, iu the county of
HhIHux
St. (ieorKC, Halifax . . . .
St. Stiplieii, ;Cliester in county) Lu-
[icnhnrfc ....
St. Jolin, Culcliostcr ...
St. Julm, I.ui cnhnrir, 481) sq. m, . ,
tit. .lanu's, Pi.tou, 1211(1 sq m. .
St. Inlin, ('. Ilictiin, .MOi) sq. m. .
St. (ii'oiKt''s. C. melon
Trinity. Sydney, (ion s(|. m.
Clirist Chnrcli, Sydney, 2aiH) sq. m.
Trinity, Varnioutli, 12 ~(i. ni.
Trinity, l)iKl)y, .')ii -ii. m. .
(iranville, Annapilis. 121) sq. m,
Wi'vuKintli, Annapolis, HI sq. m
St. Peter, I.unenhnrtrli, 2:1.') sq. m.
Kandnn, Co. Hauls. 0' s(|. m. .
I)artin(nitli, Co. Halilax
Horton, Kinu's County, 1 j(i sq. m.
S . .Mniiriirel's I'ay
Newport, Co. llauts, yo sq. m. .
C J3
.2 13
a ■?.
a u o
13 uV,
i.'inii
3001)
IHIK)
.3111111
I (inn
_"I1MI
.'>i)iiii
llllU
11. 'ill
2,'i0(l
21)0
26U
ISO
20n
1:1,1
1(1.1
11)2
225
2110
21.1
gOOO 4.''>0
:io.'io
IIIMIO
.lllPO
IHIMIO
:<iiiio
5111111
I mill)
HIMIO
roni)
171111
i.tiiii
i.'iiii)
23.10
1U50
2000
2000
an.i
ib7
2.15
2:ir
|a.BJ
o :; r ." —
5f,
Si I
000
601
I fino
4(}5
45
o <
2
aon I
450»
150
300
,120+ 2 10
251)
fiOO
4IOt
200
300
2110
Alio
150
;oo
gou;
1 I
lli4
200
1
150
225
210
162
Ifll
U5
is:i
, ,
1,-0
lliii
IHO
1 1
9')
162
1
600 ; 1300
I
.100
150
1000
none
350
1110.1
500
470
wiUterl
IICSS. ;
tibo !
7 '
400 ,
450 I
350
400
700
250
360
SOU
■0
350
250
300
6110
2110
"1)0
250
350
1()0
250
150
I
200
100
1 110
HO
2."j0
HO
130
130
HOO
300
150
5IIII
120
1:15
180
20
150
125
150
5011
mil
100
100
100
80
100
80
— v
O tt
S5
200
G "
liioi
180^
1 chapel
1 chapel
U CQ ^
R. C.
K. C.
ion I 11. c.
I8U I I'.
.. I ..
30 ' R. C.
250 ; p.
200 I
2110 I
lilM)
:i(io I
lino**
1 chapoll
240 +t]
220 {:
120
400
"3 =
80
P.
110
P.
400
P.
11)0
P.
yoo
K.C.
40
P.
100
P.
..
P.
80
P."
100
•*•
R. C.
R. C.
5 a a.
■J) o o
4
II
none
2
9
s
4
3
1
1
Annapolis, 300 J nalliousie, 150i total, 410. t Wilmot, 270 ; Brldptown, 250 ; total, 520. : Clements, 200;
Ditto 210; total, 410. i 1 Eairle Head, 250 ; 1 Liverpool, 250; 2 Elsewhere, each 150; to'al, C50.
I 3 Chapels, eaeh fill ; total, I'lO. ^[ 3 Churches, each :tiio j tutal, Jliio. *• 1 At Auc-hat, 900 ;
1 at Discousp, 200 i total, 1 liio. +t 1 At AntiKuish, 150 i 1 at Little River, yo ; total, 210.
It 1 atMillonl, 80 ; 2 at Halfway Cove, (io; 3 at Country Harbour, 80; Total, 220.
VIIL The provincial legislature, as also many pri-
vate individuals, have made strenuous efforts for pro-
moting the hiessings of education. By an act passed
in IHII, any settlement consisting of 30 families,
raising a sum of not less than 50i. by assessment,
after the manner of poor rates, are entitled to 25/.
from the treasury of the province for the establish-
ment of a school or schools; the returns for the last
year will be suP^ lent to quote as an example of the
extent of those schools ; I also add the money assessed
hy private individuals, and the aid granted in confor-
mitv to the Act.
1 i(-
'fim
n
«M
o s ° It n s s^ o i n% 3 2- Si
= S: :5: ;||^::: =
ST ."«
«-5
"2 :.:.::: :
&'»
tt :::::■:::: :
^r 1 1 [r r ?- =?i li ,?'-£-j ?3
•^ 1 Ci 01 in C» Tt w Ii '5 5 *■ I !-; w M
NOVA SCOTIA.— I.IJI'CATION.
g
•7
S
a
Pnpuliitlon.
1.^ c X is i
No. of
Sclioolii.
No, of
Scliulars,
\o, tniiKht
grutls.
Money ro.
pel veil hy the
i'lMiple fur si.v
niHntlis.
Money re-
reived from
tliu province.
Thus the nvrrnpe number of selmlars to Inhahitnnts is nine
in KMi. — ■ • ■■'•'■■■' ...:.. ..n.... -
seliool
im iiiL- n> \ iit|;t. iiiiiiiiif-i \'i 01 11111(11 n 1.1 r iiiiKiiiiitiiii.^ i:^ II lilt'
in 1IM(. Independent of tlie loreKDJui; there aie ■.'! f^raniniiir
(lis.
Tlir expi'iiHcs of ciilIi scIkkjI includiiif; fuel nini
stntiotiery, nvi>rii(;c» nhoiit .'10/. per niiiiuni.
'riiere nre hesldes, in the sevcrni counties anddistrictt
of tlie province, nn appears hy the returns for thoycm
lH;)f), .'•iCit coninion AehdoU, nnil li? eonihined coininon
^rnniniiir (icliool", nt which II', J)^.) chiiilteii rcccinii
instruction, of wiiith nuinl)er 1, 214 poor children nro
tiiiiniit Rrntiiitnusly. These kcIiooIs are .supported in
part hy the province, and partly hy suhseriptioii. 'i he
i\inoinit paid liy the province in the last year on tlii^
account was •1,17H/. 12.<i., and the anunnit rniNcd hy
the peopU' about treble that sum. There are hIm,
about 10 HcbiKils in dill'i rent parts of the couniry,
vvhieli are chiclly supported l>y the society for the
prop«j,'ati()n of tiie (iospel
i)Hlh()\isic Collevte, at Halifax, is in constitutimi
similar to the I'niversity of Kdinburgh ; it is not yit
ill full operation, 'i'liere is a tine institution, cniidj
the Kinf;'s College, at Windsor, with regularly eduriitiil
|)rofessors, &c., the state of which is very creditabh tu
the colony, as is also the admirable institution m
I'ictou College.
There are ei(;ht newspapers in the province ; Imt
their names and relative jiosition I am not copni/.iuit
of.
o
O
o
a
O
V
JS
o
.a
3
•Rinnaa
— ~l — -M . 'M -t
1
oc c<5 'C ?i a> t Ifl
-■< — — . — CI
i
-< — « 1 1 w «
I- e>i d >ft m w ?l
-^ «* oia <j> M «
— « X '* r» o w
5
6
•A
^ .
•w y)
?;§
— 5
d E
'A
4~>
1 i
« "i- 00 t^ Ti ; e»
f2
^5 « (- vc n ; vc
i.T » -« — — n
■M (?! r^ -< Tl
s
'a
CI — M « »* — —
M t^ 00 « n
-1 — CI -< Cl
i
1
6
5c
1
00 vo Ifl CO <J> CI m
M M ■* t t «
. . . — M CI —
CI.' <i 1.-^ Ct 1^ CI
rt M T -t T «.= "C
1
No. of
Prisoners.
i
00 l~ VO -t to CTi
« t t^ t- I'- 00 01
-< CI »t 1* "n 00 f
■3
s
I- Ifl CI — — <r
cj t 1^ "^ '^ X X
•SJ
WA
CTi © ~ CI CC T '.-. v:
CIMP^COeCCflMM
X X 00 X X X X X
NOVA SCOTIA.— CRIME AND GAOLS
aa:.
including fuel ninl
■r nnniin).
cdtinties aiiildiMtiiit'i
V rt'tunis for the \ini
i7 fomliiruMl comiiuju
,19 chililtt'ii ri'Ci iviil
Ml poor children nrc
)ols nro s\ipportc(l in
)y sul)H('riptic)n. i he
till' Inst year on thi^
111' uii'.onnt inisdi l)y
nn. There nre hUd
iirfs of the coinury,
the society for llu'
t, is in constitnli.iii
hurRh ; it is not yet
ic institution, rnlldl
th rci;uliirly cdnrntid
1 is very croditt\l)i( tn
irnhle institution di
1 the province ; Imt
I nni not eoijiii/unt
— -M . ■>\ f
■ C ■?! Cl -T >fj
M T t PI «
•M lO O W M
rt .-,_>, CI
Ok ^ 9k CO C)
« — ^
t
IM M M
t t 1^ O M
5 t^ d . t-
— =
^H
•M
« t
-
-
— IM
o
CI
CO a> fi «
T -f « «>
— IM
i?i
-
M r^
o
■M
t O
o
r in
IX
f
:-
X
X
1 M
X
T
'X)
X X
Rntiirn of tlio OaoU, and tho Nambcr at I'rliionen therein, In lA3fl. [D. D.]
Vamc of the
Prison, and wborc
KltURtCd.
No. of
Prl<nnern
thi- I'rison 1-
rapiililo of
roiitninliit;
In "I'lmrntu
(luciiliiir
Cell*.
Vn. of
Prl-iiiTicm
the i'lison in
capitliU.' of
I'oiitaiiiliiK
whrii more
tlmii onf
rrinoiicr
■ ll'CpH 111
one Cell.
Total No.
of
I'rln'inet'
wlio hiivc
hi'rii in
(iaol
tliroiiiclioiit
llio Year.
No. of
Debtors.
No. of
Mlndc.
meanouri.
No. of
IVIons.
No. of
tried
Prisoner!.
No. of
iintrli'd
I'riionrrH.
i
1.
i
t
a
a
•c
A,
fl
1
4
19
£
a
1
1
3
13
34
3
1
43
«!
u.
-a
3
1
1
1
a
1
LA.
Oiinniiin GboI:
ll;illtiix
I'iltOll
Tniro*
I.iint'iiliiire ....
MVlTllD")
SliLllmrnc
YHrmmitli
Arifylo
Aniiiipiillst
Ki'iitvillo
WiiuHor
AmhiTst
(JiiyslioroiiBli ..
Diirclii'stor ....
Sydiu'yC.H. ..
Ariclmt Ditto . .
I'Dft lluod Ditto
17
1
10
■J
;i
■i
:i
3
4
II
(1
a
3
:i
lOH
•JO
30
10
•in
i
1
1,1
13
30
lA
1.1
1.1
3,1
7
1
3
4
:m
.1
3
1
1
4
1
1
14
3
, 1
3
3
4
1 -
1 1
1
10
1
4
1
1
1
3
B
1
s
1
3
Total ....
77
:iii6
00
4
3>
-'
2
'
10
13
10
'
No dcntliR. — AvcraRC wi'rWly coRt of prisoners, U. 'id. per he.id.
• No return has been received. t Destroyed by firo in 1838.
X. Nova Seotiii Is (governed soinewliiit. alter tho
sftine manner as Upper and Lower Canada, ('./'. by a
Governor (styled Lieutenant-governor, as in I'pper
faiiada). Council, and Mouse of Assembly. The t'ro
sideiil of the Council is the (^hief Justice of the pro-
vince ; the next in station is the l)ish(>|), and there
are 10 other members. The Mouse of Assenii)ly is
Inrire ; 10 counties return 2 memhers each. Halifax
ciuuity 4, and town Halifax 2. The followins; towns
return each a nieuiber to the Provincial Parliament : —
Truro, Oiislow, Londonderry, Annapolis, Granville,
Diixhy, Lunenburg, Amherst, Morton, Cornwallis,
Windsor, I''.iltnouth, Harrington, Liverpool, Newport,
Shelburne, and Ynrinoulh. This is uidepeudent of
Caiie Breton, which is coiuieeted with Nova Scotia as
1 county, and returns two mendiers to the provincial
Mouse of .\ssembly.
The laws are adninistcrcd by a Court of King's
Bench and district courts, as in Canada, 'i'he laws in
force are — 1, the common law of England; 2, the
.statute law of Isngland ; and 3, the fttutute law of
Nova Scotia.
The number of enrolled militia in Nova Scotia and
Cape Breton amounted at the last census to 21,891*.
District.
Corps.
Ilalifa.x
Colchester .
I'ictou
Sydney
Cumberland
Ilant's County
King's County.
a ^-jE. Reg. .
<a.J W. Reg..,
ilst Vol. Art. Company.
j'.'ni! ditto ditto .
1st Halll.ix Rrginicnt .
ind ditto ditto .
'.ird ditto ditto .
jlst Battalion
2nd ditto
1st Battalion
2nd ditto
1st Battalion
■.'lid ditto
UeRimcnt
l^t Battalion
•2nd ditto
1st Battalion .
3nd ditto
1st Battalion
3nd ditto
1st Battalion
3nd ditto
ss
33
ai
17
43
23
3H
34
31
35
37
33
:m
30
44
24
27
27
28
20
82
HO
102-
.llil
!>19
«,v
UHII
lO.IN I
1153
9!)8 !
!II4 I
842 <
GU3 ;
8K7
4.14
731
(113 I
77''
353
Diatrlct.
Corps.
.Shelburne Reg, .
Queen's County .
Lunenburg
Parrsborough . . .
1st Battalion
■Mill ilitto j 21
ditto 33
.ird
4th Ilitto.
Regiment ...
1st Battalion
2nd ditto.
Corps
1st Regiment .... i
2nd Regiment ....<[
3rrt Regiment ....•[
Total Nova Scotia .
Capo Breton Militia :
1st Battalion
2nd ditto
1st Battalion
2nd ditto...,
1st Battalion
2nd ditto. .
104
Grand Total
411
Gut
C67
440
633
832
6.18
315
19337
1025
540
547
4(i8
3580
The Colonial Office Blue Book for IS.^fi gives the
return for Nova Scotin at — officers, 1,063 ; non-com-
missioned ditto and rank and file, 22,488 ; and for
G
1929 I 31917
Cape Breton, officers, 234 ; non-commissioned ditto
and rank and file, .1,888 >, total, officers, 1,297 ; non-
commissioned ditto and rank and file, 28,370 ; grand
.'.'';"' :M
•HI
:K!|
'.HI
V-
«,. m
'%
226
NOVA SCOTIA.— GOVKKNMKNT AND MIIITAUY.
total, 2!),C73. AccordiiiKtiictiuntios— Halifax, offlccr*.
IC4; iHiik and Hii-, 3,0!».l. Colrlu'ntrr, iimcors, y.'i ;
rank nml (llr, I.h^'.I. I'ictoii, otlicern, 7ii ; riiiik niiil
«le, 2, jriti. Sydney, omcirs, 1 1 .'> ; iniik nnd flif, 2..'>4 1 .
Ciimh«'rlnnd,<>nic»'r», i'<:\ ; rank Rnil tlli', 1,217. Ilimfn,
offlcorn, M2 ; rank niid Hif, l.iiHO. KIiik'". <>lll('i'i''*i
H7 ; rank ami lilf, I/iHM. Aniin|i()li». olllcci!*, 137;
rank nnd tile, 3,1 j:i. Slu'lhiirno, otllci'rs, 'D'l ; rank nnd
flir, 2,2M.'i. Qiiciii'i, (ptVicirn, 30 ; rniik and till', fi.">2.
I uncniiiiri;, 1(14; rniik nnd lilo, 2,1)-").
Till" Inw I'linct^ that cvitn ninlc, friim lii to <i(>,
nhnli he cnrtillcd ns n niilitin-ninn, t'xci'ptin^' the
members of the LeniHlnture, Inwyers, mn^;i»trftte!»,
lurgeoiiH, nnd iillieern of tlie civil nnd military ile|iiirt-
monfa. Kvery rosiment, if cnpal)lr, is diiided into
battalions, whieh consist of nnt less than 300, nor
Thf Kiiit{'» troop% contlst of artdlory and rnglneei
detachments, nnd three reKinu'nts nf infantry. II"
lil'nx in ttie chief nn\nl Htntion f't the VVesf Indies iiinl
North Anierien.fjie coninmndei -in-ehief heing w vln
ndniirnl, witli a Huitahle Meet. 'I'lie foiti proteelnu-
lliild'nx town mill hnrhoiirare strong.
' XI. The ineonie of the Novn Scotia Oovernmelit !•,
Iirinopally derivahle from duties levied on the lm|Mii.
tntioii of foreign noods at the ditl'erenl ports, lis will
he seen hy the nceompiiiiyiiu return lor the \ u
ending Deeemher, 1h33, which, while it shews tin
extent of revenue, indicnles also the amount of traili
cnrried on ut tile ditl'i rent ports of the colony, and tin
i|UHntity of nrticles importrd.
The following is an nhstrnet of diitinhle k<><>*Ix im
I ported ill the province of Nova Scotia, between tin
more than moo men. Kvery hnttnlion is n^aiii divided 3lst of December, 1h;ij, nnd tlie 3Ut of Deceriihei,
into coni|«nies, which consist of not less thnii 30, j I m33, for which the duties have liecii pnid or securnl
nor more timn HO men ; and the whole nrc under the ; at the Kxcise Olllce (including the inland of ('ii|k
superintendence of niilitnry inspectin;; tli'ld olVicers, j Hreton), under the Act.s of the provincial l.e^iKlntine
who review them on the days of re|{iiiieiital nieeting. '
Coi'NTIKS.
Rum, Brandy, and
Gin.
i
1
s
1
Flour.
Tobacco.
Amount of Goods
imported, pay-
ing ad valorem
Duties.
3
B (/I
•al
r
Ilaiifnx
gallons.
112H.14
28:.
128
237
81
f.O
gnllons.
80(13 7 !»
7440
224H8
1(1490
9C.3.'.
24HS
24f.8
:.:.38
lf.20
2123
324r,
2r.87
2lil3
1100
1140
2
cwts.
394:.4
.'>2.''.
7(i
lar.c.
118
49
!(->
18C.
100
2.'>
Ki
30
27
barrels.
:>'.(;3
4:.3
barrels,
27790
3C.47
804
22
lbs.
174:.33
.'■.38.'.
.'■.f.2
13.
4227
1089
sr.o
£.
307738
2r.9:.
].'-.4
871
I3r.87
72:.3
4742
10 -.2
23.-.4
37 1:.
r.r.8
1210
3(;i
747
289
£.
9'i072
2llh
Liverpool
|.'>N9
I.nnenhcrg
Shelhuriie
1 1 :. 1
Sydney, Cape Hreton . .
I'ictoii
4f'. 1
Ai ichat
41 1
Hants
101
Cumberland
Ilarriiiirton
2.^9
2,')'!
King's County
2 1.".
2L'l
Uiu'by
Weymouth
Coichegter
Sydney, Giiysboroiigh
I'ort Hood
i.'.r.
10-
s:i
70
•>
Total
113671
H873.')4
41990
CiOKl
32203
ift(')r.9o
347388
10.'.3Mr,
To the foregoing sources of revenue are to be added
other items of small nmnunt, viz. : on Crown liinils
sold, and money received and appropriated to pay
various salaries, &c. ; the rrceijits were, in
."Jil'Sr), Amount received £140
. 1, ('.(■> 1, .... 89
. 2,470 99
. 9,9.'. I, . . . • (14r>
.14,788, .... l,0f.3
1828, No. of acres
1829
l.'^30
1 83 1
1 832
the lands are let under moderate (piit rents,
Another item is the rent of the coal mines, which
is upwards of 4,000/. per annum. The lighthouse dues
amount to an aiinuni average of 2,000/. per annum.
The gross revenue of the colony in 1821, was
31,430/.; in 182:., 37,000/.; nnd since 1827, the
Blue Book nfford the details in the annexed table.
Casual nnd territorial revenue cf Nova Sc<.tia in
183G, 0,90 1/., of which 3000/. was for rent of reserved
mines ill Cnpe Breton and I'ictou, l,r>l.''i/, duties dn
ICi,83(i chaldrons of coals, 4.')0/. advanced by flif
General Mining A'sociatioii, 1,007/. from Coiiimi^
sioners of Crown Lands, and the remainder for kv-i.
kc. — [Blue Book, l8Sr..]
There is a local assessment in each colony wliicli
ninounted ns follows in 183C): — Halifax Comity,
0,034; I'ictou, 1,03(; ; Sydney, 270 ; Guyslioniiipli,
3."i.''. ; Colchester, 4 U; ; Lunenburg, 493 ; Aiiiiapnlh,
2,71.".; King's County, 1,13G: Yarmouth, 373 ; .his-
tc-au-Corps, 109; Uichinoiid, 98; Cape Breton
County, 327; Hants, 093; Queen's County, 3.'i0 ;
total, 1-1,441/. It is levied by grand jury present,
nieiits in each county, assessments by order of ses-
sions, and for licenses, &c. It is expended for the
relief of the poor, for the repair of roads and briil^'ts,
and to defray Colony charges. There are no diiict
taxes levied by tlie Government of Nova Scotia.
ry anil rngiiuci
iiilaiitry. I In
kV'i'af Indii'ii iiii'l
il'f JK'illK M viii
I'liits pnitwtJM-
I Oovrrnmont >■<
tl cm the iiii|i<ii .
lit |iiirts, iiH will
II lor till' \Mi
le it shews till
llllOIIIlt III' tllllll
culoiiy, uiiil till
inhle );no(lH iiu
ill, biitwirl) till
nt lit Di'ci'riiliri,
puiil or Hcciircil
i^lllll(l III' ('ii|i>
icinl l.c^iiiliitiiii'
5
•s
B
S
2
Total An
Duties.
£.
■?H
'.tri07j
»■)
•J\ 1 s
'■)4
1 .'IK'.t
71
11.-. 1
r.T.'!
^7
US]
i.T
M\ 1
12
41 1
>'J
mi
>\
L'.'i'l
:>
2.V..
8
L' i:.
21' 1
1
i:.r.
7
I0-.
•J
s;)
70
i>
V)
lOMsr,
iITi/, duties (III
|iiiiced by the
mm Coiiiitii-i
liiidcr for fci<,
1 coldiiy wiiii-li
|lifax ('i)imty,
(iiiyslioniiiiili,
; Annapiiji'-,
Ith, ;<7;< ; Jus.
"t'aiii; Hrt'tiin
ICoiiiify, .'i.i'i ■.
Ijiiry prtsfiit.
lordcr of ses.
Imleil for the
i niiii hri(!j;i's,
tire no dirrct
Scotia.
Sf(mratc Tnx or Duty.
NOVA SCO I lA.- FINANCM.
Comparative Yvarly Statement of the Revenue of Novm Scotia. [.U. U.J
...
<U ! IN3'J. I I83». I INn4.
av"
1827.
t'.
24(>i:i
.i,'i:«.'.2
l2Hfi
fi8.T
■M\)\
1828. IH2'J.
i.
;u6f>
I7HC!
I
Diitien collected at Custom
hoiino.
K.xiisi' Duties .
I.iuht Dutirn .
I.onli* repaid .
Unit of his Miiji'Nty'i* Coal]
Miiu'H lit Sydney niid Pic-!
toll, and ndvance fronil
Mining AsitiicintioM.
IVes rerfived for the Crownl
(III Coinmis.Hions and In-
striimetit»ii*sur(l from Sc-
( letnry's Otllce.
ItilU drawn on the Society
for the I'ropngntion of the
(iospel. I —
Old Crown Duties. . . j —
lljlis drawn nil Mr. .SurRciit
of tlif Treasury, liy l)ishop,|
Arelideneon and I'resby-I
teriiin Minister. | —
lu posits 111 Snviii);H' Banks .1 —
liills diawri liy I'rineipal olH'i
eers of 11. M. Customs on
III ceiver-ceneral it others.' —
Seizures ulld I'eliaities . j
Colleeted under I'usscnger
Act. I —
I'lirliaiiientnry Grant in aid
of funds of Society for
I'ropapition of llic Gospel,
niidSociet/scoiitrihutions 43.i;i 43.'?3
Aiiiuiint burrowed for use of
I'roviiKv.
.Miscellaiu ous .
1 830.
£.
247fift 27l.'>;i •.':I22H
3I.')81I 341-
I3f.a' I.'.-.-.
44<J| i&MO
21)70. 3000
'}M
;.17H8
I4N8
137
3000
42f
£. f. I f.
iJ'.'lOi lf,R50i lSt.72
I I
'iyjiw a6.')24 3fi2H.S
f.
183.'). I83ri.
£.
£.
IOH42i ll'Jfi'J, I33i;»
3.')78.'.! 327831 30'.l3r»
I3R8 1764 207'.»l 1.^37
2211
75
47
i I
3000 :iOOO| 34.')7
123
3'JOO
f.82| 017
2832
2U9
3900
10
Total
je.
9f..''i.'i|
4333
or..').')' \)(ir>:<
8r,y82: 7<;9I3 821(11
fi.'.OO
2.')6«'>
.189
ri.'iiioi
2470;
(i27
r)090|
1907
327.''>
0220,
.'i9f, HI3
.')if..'.l \r>i:<
2150
:!27.')
1800
4333
1044."i
r)(')H48
f)C,2.'
.-i.-iO
— ! 7. Ml
800
20.'i2
2300
3(;oo
7.-.0
232
I .'■)9
I
— I SS.-iO
900 24793 — < —
3413
9
49f.8
791
M.'-iO
17yC.
2300
2880
I .^,'.0
29
3850
9000
G 13301 r.3r)3.") 7H;t;o (■..">92."i ('.71181 7f.293
K.stiniate of the amount rotpjired in aid of the ex-
peii.M's of the Civil Government of Novu Scotia, from t lie
1st (lay (if April, IH.'IH, to the Hist day of March, 18;t'.».
— I'art of the lieutenant-governor's salary, l,.")00/. ;
r.stablishnient at Sable Island, for the relief of ship
wrecked persons, 400/.; (this charge is the same as
last year) 1,900/. Add, the amount that will pmbably
be re.piired for the erection of a second lighthouse on
St. Paul's Isliuid (see Papers printed with the esti-
mate of last year), :i,(n»U. : total, I.'.MIO/.
In 1821, the expenditure of the province was about
30,000/.; in \H2'y, 4.'>,0()0/. The following returns
are from the Colonial Ullicc Blue Books from 1827
t^, 1837.
Comparative Yearly Statements of the 1"
Apendit
ure in Pounds Sterling
[B.B.]
Heads of Expenditure.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Civil Department, including
8517
9r)l(')
4160
4160
7460
6672
5743
4631
7756
8165
salaries of Lieut. -Gover-
nor, all Civil Officers, and
contingent expenses.
Judicial Department .
5389
5.')37
.5.')77
5739
5882
5946
5678
5653
6051
6105
r.cclesiastical Department .
f.7H3
f.783
7550
914.5
9025
9025
7865
8444
6750
7000
Custom-house Department
9 ('.2 8
891."i
8731
8597
9738
9336
906..
935M
8970
8865
Kxpcnses of Legislature
2')2(J
287(i
2814
2197
2625
2951
4412
3606
2773
3552
Kxpenses of Militia .
I45f.
1790
1729
1405
1971
1837
1615
1615
1521
1271
Miscellaneous Expenditure
39tifi0
.'■.2124
f.971(i
22172
58172
49889
44642
3 1686
36586
41893
Total . L.
739(50
87r,44
100272
.53417
94876
86660
79023
68056
71414
77451
fin
'■'.ItU.n-v,
IN';
■ . ' .(.
I
•_>'J8
NOVA SCOTIA— KINANt'F, C'OMMKIUT,.
/in-iipitidti, .III 11/ Ihi' h'.ituliti.shiiiciil. - I'uid by tiivat
Hiitiiin, in sli'iliiis; nioiu') : Civil «'stiil)lisimu'Ht, iiw
riiiiliiificMisttifn-lniiisi'.l.Sli;/,; I'.iTii'siiistii'iil t-stalilisli-
iiu'iit v*''''"i^li Socii'ty lor I'louiotiii!; Cliii.stiaii
KiiowkNlf;i'), T.i'iOO/. ; total, iJ.lli.i. !'aid l>y thi'
Colony ill stciliii!; nionoy : Civil t'stahlishim-nt, in-
cluding; i-nsioniluinsc, lii.riiio/. ; Coiitinp-nt oxpi'n-
(litnic, (i(»,l/. ; Juilii-ial I'stabliflinu'nt, :>,>*l'.)l. ; Con-
tinj;i'nt i\|H'n(litiiiv, •J1l7. ; Miscellaneous cxpchili-
tuiv, ■ll,>'j:i/. ; Kxpcnscs of l.c;;islatiirc, :\,:>yjl.;
Pensions, •J'j^l.- Military (lislmrsenienl!*, l,-l'.)(j/. :
total, (ICi,!!;)/. (Jranil total, TS.H'.H/.
Coniiiiissaridt Ih'jiartmriit. — Supplies lor rations of
provisions and foraije, lii.Ci-j I/. ; ditto fuel and linlit,
.■f,'>'.l7/. ; luiscillancous purchases, lilO/, ; transpiut,
t'lii/. ; pay of extra stall', (IIH/.; military allowauecs,
1,011/.; contingencies. 111.'/. ; ordnance department,
l'.',H,")9/, ; ordinaries, ;)l,10'.</. ; pay of commissariat,
IMPORTS AND SIlllM'INC!
J,'-'21/. ; lulvanees to departments, 1 1 ,,'>:i-l/. ; special
disburseinei.ts, -t.-iait/. ; total, ;»J,H:.M/. In additiun
to the ahovv, many ollicers of the line and ordnance
departments, have drawn their pay upon agents ui
London ; the amount cannot he ascertained. There
is no cliarf;e made ajjaiust the colony, nor do tlie
troops receive any advanlam' from tlu' colonial reve-
nues. The amount of hills drawn hy the Commissa.
rial durin;; the year |SH(i, is lOt'i.t'i l.''i/.
Ordnance, not recpiired, as appears hy a despalcli
to the respective ollicers at Halifax, from the Hoard
of Ordnance, dated, 1 1th Ansnst l.'^iis,
Nil. In lfil'7, the shippinj; enti'rinu; thi> ports of
of Nova Scotia was aliinit •J.''>,(i()() tons; in lsj{;
'.1(1,0(10; and in \h:U\, ;i;ti;, 000 tons. The followui,'
statement of Imports and Kxporls, arc friim theCnlo-
nial Olliee IMue llooks.
OK NOVV SCOTI S. [11. 11.)
Great Uritalu.
West
IndU-s
K'«rtli America.
i:nlt
I'll States. I'orelKii states.
Total.
Years.
Val. i.
i
Val. t
No.l Tuns.
Vttl.:*f No.
Tons.
Vai. f
No. Tons.lvBl.jf No.
1 1
Toil*.
V.U. jC
No
IIIIV
Tons.
Men
IHJ(>
ys •j:i7s(i
— ! H2H
.V.^H4
-
- 1 - i - 1 y2
RI(M
—
Hy42:i
_
iKW
^
8/! aiosi
—
- ,l«40
ydHdii
—
- 1 — 1 - 1 i:j
llIKi
—
IH4(i
I2y(i2r
—
IH'JD
aiiiiH)
UW -i^Wdv
IDasiH
12!).'>4 4!l4;iy
2hr<)t2
irtiiUH 1:11, l()ii,'Vs'-.'(i;l:l2Hi -a
4(l.'iH
yH.M:io
irod
l:i.M2(l
ris3
IH.1U
tiH.'irii
Iir' :iil:);)
•.'•ii;;fl
2(lL>:l(iO 2:14:1
i2;ii!i()
;i2hHir lyo 2'j(i:i:ri.'i(i(i;ii -u
4y:l.'> I40.S2.'|4
2tir:i
IH().-|H
niS4H
IH.II
.\;!»;.is
nil) :)».•>'.> 1
■jtiJIitlS
3ii:i!l(i imi.'S
I.14HI2
•JliMi.');! 2;ll 2,"(l!)(i !)'.'r:l2 2'.'
:i,syi i,'.2!)!»r.'
2l(i4
2ll)0.t:i
y:i.-ii
IH;fJ
.Mjr:)»t)
I'.'!) 3u;iia
iH(i(i:is
:lH6rr2 istiy
l240J(i
jis.syH ,^7s ,'i2h(i;,i iiikm.) 42
,-ti:i;.i.'.;i;(io(i
2lill
2l(iii8:l
12h;s
18:i3
'-.wi;(i
i.i(i: .n»M
•j'.'(ki4;
2ll:U/,22(l(l
I4.^42t
22;!»2:i !;i4:) U2sy:t|l2l.'),-!ii liy
la.'iy; i(Mir(>:-''
m:
2riy!i.i
1 i:i!)S
1h:u
iskm;!'.'
iis| ayd.si
ilUL'ti/!
1 '11.(05: lay;
,-4r(:"
i(i.>i24 'jiir H(l:llO|2l),'l.^.l4 :it<
s(i:ri Kinil!!
24M' lyc.'lli
lis-.':i
1835
W874<1
■ ««>! 3MH.1
21(1140
irnS14'228S
.MIflP
M.Viri «:'■'! lfilfl.^' <is.'>."i'.' 2.'-
2!IS,'i f')l)lli:i
221:1 ai.MjMi
l:i(l4n
1830
4iai;fll
124' 3344;
IS0S2.'.
1.MIfif)L'n),i.)
i!ii.-.;i'
l2:i.Mi iiii.'il <l,"(isi) ils,-iii :i(l
(illy ' ^4.Mi;.'> .11:41 :):(2,-sl
iriwi
From I
CUewh
erc, in iHjy
, i.ofitW
. i i8;to, ir,
ilir'. 1
is.tl, :i:
fi':>l. ; ih;i2, :ia,;isij/. j
lrt:i;i, !•.
.ara/. 1 in:i4.
It, .Mil/.)
I8;i,t,
EXI'ORIS AND SIlll'l'lNU OF NOV.\ SlOTlA. [U. ll.J
IRM I — I 741 I03(>7i — I — |1"II2 (i!l4l(i -- I
1827 , — I yii 22(il.'i: — — , I Slid im):i2i —
i82y ' ytiiir hii •j2.iyii 221221 irii'Ho'i.'.H.' ia2.'.i; i.'.jia'
)N:tii ll77!».'i y," 2iS(Hi 2.110(17 2:isii:ti 21:11 l(il;i:i(i :)("H)7ti
1h:ii I2y4i2 7.'> iyy:t(i 2y.^syl :isii4:i 2(ioy ("syi .'ir-ci;
Ih;i2 1(111:1.'.; I'l 2(i;:i;i 2y(il7S :i7oi'.>o ly.'i; I2syi() loros.-r
ls:):l y:is,-,(i 12' ;M i.i'i j().inl:l .I.'i2(ll2 21 ly I iil.'>y 21.11 is I4()(i
ls;t4* 22o:i:i.-.i l:l(> :iiyiiii ■.'20:i:i,'> 27(iysy 1:110 y;i2;s ;syyo yi.v
ls:i'i yoy.'il, 117 :loiS2 2i:.'i2y2 iost(i2 21:10 i.'iy 10:1 11 072(1 h;(i
is:i(l ni(i:iS2: 12:1' :i;i.'i:iy 22iHiU4 .u.".7()7 I24.'> 2174(1(1 I7:>.il.'i noy
1:17
21:1
2S1
(ilH
l()HS(i
:I72:M»
2(i0.1l
2:iS4y
:i.i40i
2:iyh7
li2H7(i
4.'>:i:(2
I22110.-I
:l.-i20 1
7soi(i
:i iiisi
son;
2yii(iy
liy,-i.'.:r
2117:12
8.^1
112
ly
:il
:i2
:io
20
2y
8I4II|
IOS71!
27o.'i
■.\y>:\
\\-x.\
:isly
:iyoo
iilii.'.
:ii72
:i4:iH
.'(lysii
7 1:1 1(12
<ioi(i7i
y«27Ky
iKi'.MSO
s;i.'i.'i7i
yiyjsy
y:i:>ly.i
IIKili
1 200V
IK2l'
2771
2:iyyi
2y.'7i
:is()y
2411
:il.'i2
yiisD:!!
I.^:lsl:l
ll4.t2H|
2IH7117:
2;i4!i(i7
222.17 •
:i(i22(ii
20(i.llls
27.11; 1
7y.'.s
li:iyo
l(l(ij2
I ls(".l
llil:ii
I mils
l:is;ii
I (i.'i i I
To Elsowlieio, ill is;in,l:i,204/. i IH:ll :l,(i7:i;. j Is:l2, 2,!l.i(i/. j l«.i:l, :l,74(i/. i 1h:ii, 2,2,-.l/. ;
• Kxeltisive of Caiio Hretiin, wlioiice no Krtarii!>.
l.'iiM :i74(ioi>
18:1.1, 41,1S7/. ( is;i(i, .',y,:iy:i/
Alis'raet iif tlio Nunihcr of Vessels owiieil «t tlio Out. Port-* I'f tlds I'rovinee, wllli tlioir Toiiiiu);i'
of iiii|JOit.s niid Kxpiiits of said Out ports, where there are C'lis' iiii-liiiiises estalilislu'd, loi
I'OIUS.
Mverjioiil
l.niienliuri;
Shelhariie
Arityle .
llarriii|;tMil
Yuriiioiilh
N. KdintmrK
A;innpoUM
DiRhy .
CoriiNvnlHs
WliiilHor
Pletim
('iiiiilierlaiid
l'arrslmroiin;li
liuybburunKli
I otal
aii:l tlie Ollielal Vidiio
r lii.l2 is.i:i.
Value.
Total.
r»
No
rniiii.
ii.'i
.lyiiii
rs
:i4Sh
42
i7yi
:i.'.
I2N8
(is
a.'.Hi
y2
.Vil.'i
27
I22y
41
Isdli
a-.
124:1
lu
UhO
Ih.
,Ms:i
.^y, 4000
4 ! 270
17! IIKU
\h
;t7it
li.ll
:i(i(ly(i
a
.«■.
I4IKS
7 Hill
yii:iy
7:110
I8"<i:
2;i."iy7
8(177
.viyNi
(1210
:iHO(ij
2N4(i;
2(10.17 1
r7l:i!
27(!^:
■(•■ri
9
M
.*■.
20(170
'III 1 1
7(17.1
NVI8
IT.'Sl
ls!i77
101.10
MI.17
!l(i(i.1
4:1.1.1
11212
:i 284.1
2.1:1 1 y
loiiy
:ilH.(
Q«
IH'.':!..
lH:J(i..
1
IK-.'T..
IN'.".)..
Ih.tO..
is;u..
1
ll,:>2M. ; spociiil
IJI/. ill tulilitioii
lino mill oriliiiini'i'
y 11)1011 ni;i'rits m
I'l'ituiiunl. TliriT
loiiy, nor ilo the
till' colonial ivvi'-
l>v till' I'oniniissii.
r./.
iirs by a (li'S|int(li
, I'niiu tln> Uniuil
riiiR tlio ports of
I tons ; in Isjr,
t. 'I'lll' follow 111:;
ire from tin- Colo-
I'utal.
Tour.
Men.
H)it»:i
ViiWJ7
ri.'M'jfi
iml.-irt
2i(ii).t:i
Jl(iiii<:l
I'll'.'lli
:ii.M<M)
;i:ij,"(.i
1 1, Mi I/.) imiA,
rts3
Ills IS
!i;i,"i 1
rjs;^
I i:i|M
IIS-.M
l;i(iiii
I, "11:11
<)(isii:i
—
l.^:lKI:l
III.V.'H
;u,w
'ilHrii;
11:1110
> aaiiiii;
llllijj
1 •2i->xt
1 l^liil
UllJJOl
llil;il
•JOfi.HIS
llllilH
■.7.11; 1
l:i>i!M
:i;iiiiiii
lli.'lil
1 l-:i(i.
'i!l,;l!):l/.
IlicOllii-iiil \al
J l,s.i;t.
Valiii'.
NOVA SCOTIA
— COMMKUCK AM)
M()NCTAU>
SYSTKM.
.... ^
as9
rill- Ini
lorts
of Nova
Scotia consist
priiicipiilly of export
arc lis
li. timi
)cr. lice
'. pork,
tloiir
, grimlstuno
Hi
ilisli iniuiiifactiiri's iiiii
spirits, siijiar,
wines, coll'cc,
ami ^y
psum.
\c
. from
0111
coloiiii's
Its princij
al articles of
Kxpi
irts iVoiii
Nova Scotia
exclusive of (';ipe Uret
Mil .laniinry.
oiO in
the fi
llowiiii;
Veins
iiiilin
«
i8-.>;i.
IS.MO.
ih;m.
ih:i2.
IH33.
ih:h.
. luimlK'r
II •.)!:<
:i;ir.:.:t
■I'MIJ
r.i'.tiM
• >j'j2')
tiiiiit
—
CIS
7I.>
r.'ii
7111
mm;
. ipiintals
1 1'l'.lC.Oll
1 .'. M-jS'.t
i:>l>:ii7
ir>ii7i
HiOlilO
L'.f.'L'C.;*
liiuiels
■ir.itdr,
i:.7ii
i.vi:t;i
.".LMICI
UddTi'
:>;t 1 'JH
. Iialfilo.
;",':! 1
:i 1 1 1;
■-".I'.t'.*
;t:'0(i
J 1 1'lM
1 170
irts, tons
L' llljll
2..ISL.'
•jilisi;
;t:tL'{ii
:isi',ii!
.•'I'MSli
tons
•JII.Ml
•JSO"i'.l
ll:".-.:i
I7h:>7
l.-.O.-iH
iCl'.M'iL'
feet
'.)l'.i'.t:!('i.''
l-.'l"i(l'J.M»
'.Is7ii
S8;i;i;
<J'.HI
H77J
. Iiiisliels
(i(p«77
r.s-.'iii
i;:ir>i);t
.'>«»•><( i|
(■||7lL'
7.'>.'>".»'2
. nnmlicr
—
'.tTf.
\;i\>-2
(■.s;i
ll'.H'.t
•jnf.r.
tlioiisniiils
—
IIKiS
;ut.'.i
•.';iHii
12711
;M:t:i
. tons
1
_-.
—
—
1! 1 'J2
.•i(>:is(i
Seal Skins
Oil
I'lsh, Drv
Ditto, {"leklcil
liitlo. ilitio
'riiiilirr ami wooil o
(iypsimi .
Itoanls mill planks
Vem'talilcs
Sjiurs
Sl.ivc'-
lirimlstoncs
III oilier to niToril a comparison, I j-ive the following returns of the lisli exports in ISOii ami isO",
Dry Hiiil Tickled Kish ami I'ish Oil, expoileil from Halifax in iHOtl ami |H(17.
I i 1 "■■■""
ISdt'i.— To the West Inilies
lo the rnileil States
Total . . .
1807.— To the West Inilies..
To the rnileil States
Total . . .
O a>
a
a
Drv I Tieklcil
Fish.
{•'isli.
Siiiokeil
llerrim;s.
!'•:<
«>:<
7;t;i7| iiti I .'isN'.ic.
j ipiintals. j barrels. | hrls.
\2C,
I'j.'iio (isii I .'isc.r..')
'.M')0;»' .M'.)
|-.'".l"l '.'L'S
.11. -I.-.
lUUI'l
I •^771) ! L'lJ
\tss\ I in;
.•i.->i;r.(i i :iiH
■-'7117
I III.-.
i.s
•JO
1.1 1 I iii'.ior. 777
I 1
II.M'.2
t.M
kgs. \ hxs.
I -JUS
I'.M
§
■6
a
.a
■a
2
■ji
£
No.
I asks
:»sc.
•j>*'.t
'.t7'_'
III')
.V.'l.><
111.-.
I.f.l I
701 j
I (.7 ;i;iH
:• 1 1:1
rrimipiil .Articles of h'vport fioiii Nova Scotia,finm
l.'sj'j to ls;t:.>.
Years.
Dry l''isli.
I'ickl-il
I'ish.
Qiiii.tnls.
Barrels
IHL'l'..
i;7i '.».•.
l'S'j:i
InlT...
if.7:ij:t
.•i()s7;t
ISL'7..
I7t'.i.'-.r.
•I7i.'.t:t
If*:".)..
ih;. "..■(()
I.M77
IK'IO. .
1 .')<Mi 1 H
!»7;t'.)«
ISitl..
i.-.'j()L':i
'j;t;ts7
Kloiir.
Barrels.
i;i:io
.'■.Sll'.'
l>7(Ml'
•J7'.»();i
;»7.'.'.tn7
L'.'l'.l'.''.'
UatfHHllbAHIi;
i
III ef anil
I'ork.
Iiarrels.
■l.-..M;»
.''•j;t
I8.M
HC.:f.>
IDHI
looc.
The (piaiitity of tinibrr Hhippeil from the colony in
ls:i;i, was :— sipiare tiinher, ;iM,l'.n tons, at l.'..«. per
tim, •.".i.r.lM/. ; ilcals ami lioanls, '.i.'.i.'^ I.IKIII, value,
JI.'JHii/, ; lathwooil, -ilH loails ; staves, •.',7 I l.iiOit ;
sliiii;;lis, , ■!,()! J, lUii) ; hamlspikes, L',:t(M( ; oars, poles,
\e. ;f,h:u ; masts ami spars, C.I'J ; hoops, -JiJs, l.'.o ;
fmiii ("ape Hreton, value, I,".I7L'/. ; total worth,
|''J,II7/. The total value of the proiliice of the mines
ixpnrleil, was l()."i,:ti.".i/. ; ami of the lisheries, l'J7, l.'>.'>/.
XIII. Ily the olil rule, ciirrem y was eonverteil into
stirliii);, hy the ileiliiction of a tenth ; KM)/, cimencv,
li'iiiK thus iioiiiiniilly eipiiil to '.Ml/, stcrlni); ; ii'«il the
1/ note of L'O.v. currency, havinj; lieeii loriiierly v 'lal
'0 Is.s. sterliii);. Ily the same rule, sterliiiK was eon-
verteil into eiirrenev. h\ the lulililioii ol n ninth; lint
the I'.li^lisli shillini; I.eim; iiinv iiiaile liv law eipial to
l.v. It,^ cinreiicy, sivlien I'lij-lish sliilliii';s liecoine
I'lpial lollie Hank or Treasury Note of '.'o,«. ciinency.
The new rule eoiiseipieiilly to reiliiee eiirreney iiitii
.stcrlni;.;, isto iliiliiel a liltli iiistcail of a tenth ; niid to
reduce sterling; into ciiireiiev, add a loiiilh i;istead of
a iiiiilh.
(•old coins arc seldom seen in Ihc onlinary tiaiisiic-
iiclioiis of Iheconimunitv ; paper nnuiev wliii h passe.s
readiU every where cseepl at the ciistoiu limise, hav-
in-; siipiiseded then. The tjueen's duties, are llieic
eoinmoidy paid in !•' -uhloons at 11/. (Vv. sterling; each,
or dollars at Iv. h/.
The dollar and its ) uts have nearly disappeared, in
eonseipieiiee of a tiel iioiis value liaviie^ lucn i;ivcii to
l'.ii'.;lish sliilliii'.;s I iiii ^''xpeiices, which mav now lie
saiil to he the only I'oins iii ircneial eliiiilalioii.
The Kn!;lisli shilliii): I'oiimrly was oiily worth
l.v. \\il. eiirrenev, liiit it is now made eipiid to Ivlti/.
eiirreney; the loniier value of the ipi;irler dollar,
which il has displacid.
Siivii Snili'i I'liju'il'iinruiij ill \x:u\. \\\. \\.\ — Tlie
amount of Tieusuiy Notes in circiihilion on the .'tlst
dav of Decenilier I slW'i, ehielly ill notes of 1/. issued
under an ,\el of the I'rovinec, was .'iH,'.»7l/. l:'.«. stcr-
lilit: ; tlieaiooiMit of notes in eirciilatinii, i>.siied hy
the Nova Scotin Incorporated llankint; Coinpiiiiy, nil
;il8t Decenilier lK;if., \vu,» l.t.'jga/. 7.i.
\ ^l
! Iv
5^ li
■!^>;|
) i\
III!
i
230
A private banking company, have hiso notes out to
a very con.si(leral>le amount. These companies arc
prohibited by law, from issuing notes of a less value
than .')/. currency each, and arc bound to redeem them
in specie on demand ; but the treasury notes arc in-
convertible, though to a limited extent they may be
funded on interest. Course of exchange in lH3t>, from
10 to 14 per cent, premium; bills on the United
States 3 to 5 ditto.
HO O O
«•< 3 f5 O ■^ST"^'^
B c S"* s.S5r —
?c B g .- p ^
-0 = 3 3 a*
a,i X 7 an)
NOVA SCOTI.N.-STAPLK PRODUCTS.
Coal sold from IIU Majesty's Mine*.
Total No. of Acres Kmntcd
Ditto sold
Ditto iiii);rantcii
i:.Hi;o; 6wm7
1833. 1834. 1835. I 18:i6.
Sydney and Little Bras d'or—
cliHldrons ....
l<ri<l|;eport
Albion
Royalty, paid in currency
15.102 1 1179 ii<>7;i aosoi
98051 71;)2 H2fi5 I'.'HW
IN698I I3.V24 It)l85i :illl)7H
43805 j 32135 39123' 73(172
.43333 ."333 3333: 5(1 1 -
II!
(Appendix, Reports of House of Assembly, Nova .Scotia.)
Average Piiccs of various Produce and Meicliandizc.
[B. It. 1836.]
Prices in
1
January 1
April.
July. 1 October
1 5
rf.
•> !
1
£. n. d.
1 7 6
£.a.
1 7
rf. ,.fc'. s. ,1.
6 1 .'> II
1 7
1 16
1
6
2
7
11
1 15
2 2 6
3i
1 2
009
11
1 15
1 2
I.') II
6 II Hi II
-'i II 2*
111 (1 !)
5 II (1 li
4j II ;,
i
,0
jO
'1 5
!« 4
1
5
3
007
006
5
1 5 9
1 3
1
n II II .-,
5 II II 1
6 ;o fl 4j
3 1 2 li
2 5
n 12 5
6 15
1 15
12
1 l.-i II
6 1'.' ti
6
;0
6 '0 6 l>
8 lo 8
5
!l II ■'■ !)
8 ^0 K
31
3}
3j'o I) ;ij
1
1
i
3
3
!0 4
9
9
6
4
io 5
10 4
4
;o
10 4
3 1 II
6 II 1) II
3 1 :i
Average price in I83fi, ifln. per acre i about 10,000 acrcR
thus sold.
Ilnrned Cattle, per ewt.
Horses vary from 8/. to
511/.
Sliecp of com. weight .
Swine, per cwt.
Milli, per qimrt
iiutter, fresh . . .
Ditto, salt
Clu'ese ....
Wlicaten liread — no as.
«ize in 183(>.
Beef, best, per lb. .
Mutton, per II).
Pork, per lb. .
Rice, per cwt.
Coffee, per cwt.
Tea, (varying accordins:
to (nuility) from •_% to
."is. per lb,
SiiKar, raw, per cwt. .
.Salt lor flsbery, per hint.
Wine, accord, to quality
lirandy, per gallon
Hecr, tabic, per gallon .
Tobacco in leaf, per lb.
per cwt.
Waoks Koii Labour
Domestic and Prxdial,
from 18/. to 27/. per
annum.
Trades, from 24/, to 32/.
per annum.
Joiner, per day
shipwright
HlueUsmith .
The following estimate will also shew the producr
of the pnivince.
Esliiiiatrtl I'litiic of I'roprrtii ininuiillij nrnli'il in
A'ora Sciitin and Ciipf lircttm, anil, if unl ciinsiimfi\,
roDrfrti'il into Mornilde or Itiimoreiilik- I'luiii'ihi.—
Wheat, 200,001) bushels, at C,s. per l)u.shel, CO,(K)ii/.,
other grain, .'lOO.OOil bushels, at Xi. ful. per but'icl,
S7,")00/. ; potatoes, l.OOO.OOO bushels, at l.«. (nr
bushel, 200,000/. ; hay, 200,000 tons, at lO.v. lurton,
100,000/.; atiimal food for 200,000 nuiutlis, at :'(Mi
lbs. each per annum, at •!'/. per lb. riri(i,f)riti/. ; tish for
200,000 mouths, at l.'iO lbs. each per an'ium, at I J'/,
per lb., 18", •'■00/. ; cheese, butter, and milk fur
200,000 mouths, at I//, per day for :i(i.') duys.
:Ul4,lfiC/. ; vegetables, fruit, eggs, &c. for 2(l(i,(i(i(i
mouths, at 3i/. (ler day each, 'J12,5O0/. ; beer, spirits,
and wine for 200,000 mouths, at .'{</. per day for 'M>'i
days, 'JI2,.')ftO/. ; luxuries, viz. sugar, tea, cotTee, N-c
for 200,000 mouths, at .'ti/. per day for M'<:< days,
912,"i00/. ; clothing for 200,000 persons, at .t/. eucli
m\\:w
1834. IB3S. I IN:i6.
Mills :i!)ia:)i ;:)(i72
lU MerclmndUe.
July. October
icw till- I'loducv
CAPK BRETON AND SABLE ISLANDS.— LOCALITY.
2;u
person, 600,000/.; furniture for fiO.OOO families, at
fif. pnch, .300, Olio/. ; income from tnule and agricul-
ture for ('.0,(100 families, at 20/. each, 1,200,000/.;
sundries not included in the foregoing, at 5/. each
I'nmiiy, ^iOO.Ooo/. ; loss hy waste, fire, had seasons, 8cc.
l.'il,,O00/. ; total minuallv created, >'i,r<W,X'2l.
Value of Moveable Property: Ilor.se-;, 1-1,000, at
10/. each, 110,000/. ; horned cattle, 120, (lOO, at:./,
each, f.OO.OOO/. ; sheep, 200,000, at W. each, 200,000/.;
swine, 100,0(J0, at 1/. each, 1(10,000/.; poultry, &e.,
100,000/.; clothing, personal, 200,000, at 10/. each,
>_) 000,000/. ; Fuvniture and Domestic I'tensils for
OO.oOOfamiiies, I •: 20/. each, 1,2000,000/.; 5hi|)s, tim-
ber, merchandize, machinery, and rash, 10,000,000/. ;
total moveable property, 1 1,240,000/.
Value of Immoveable Property: !.and cultivated,
1,;<(I0,000 acres, at 4/. per acre, .'■>,200,()()()/. ; good
land uncultivated, .'),000,00() urres, at lOv. per acre,
2,.'')00,000/. ; waste lands, 2,000,000 acres, at I., per
acre, 100,()()()/. ; houses, about (iO,000, at 20/. each,
1,200,000/.; government buildings, forts, churches, &c.
1,000,000/.; mines, furesis and fi.sheries, 2,000,000/.;
roads, canals, bridges, wharfs, and dykes, 3,000,000/. ;
total immoveable property, 1.'>,()(M), ()()()/. ; total move-
able and immoveable property, 2!i,240,000/.
CHAH'ER IV.— C.VPE BRETON .AND SABLE ISLANDS.
Section I. This singular and valuable island,
though forming a part of the 'rovernment of Nova
Scotia, necessarily reipiires a brief separate descrip-
tion. Cape Breton is situate between the parallels f,f
4.").27. and 47..'). N. lat. (including Madame, Scat'.ri,
Houlardie, St. Paul's, and other minor i>';.}, and
.■)l).:iK. and ()1..')0, \V. long. ; bounded on the S. and
E. by the Atlantic Ocean (distant from Cape Ray in
Newfoundland on the E. .'>7 miles), on the N. and
N.W. by the (Julf of St. Lawrence, and separated
from the adjoining ])cninsula of Nova Scotia by St.
George's Bay, and the strait or gut of Canseau,
which is in length about 20 miles, and in breadth one
mile, the whole island being in its greatest length
from N.E. to S.W. 100 miles, and the greatest breadth
from S.E. to N.W. about 80 miles, comprising an
area of about 2,000,001) acres, exclusive of the surface
covered by lakes and rivers.
II. The island was discovered by Cabot, during the
voyage mentioned in the ,irst clia|)fer ; but whether
ni.mcd by him after Hiituiit, or by its subse(|uent visitor
Nerazaiii (then in the service of France), after Brit-
tany, is not f.nown. While in possession of the
I'liiieh, it was called L'lsle Uoyale. In 1 7 14, a few
Freiieh fishermen from Nova Scotia and Newfound-
land settled on its shcwes for the convenience of the
cod tisii trude, their residence being principally con-
lined to tlie summer months ; while in winter it was
visited by the fur-hunters c. purchasers of skins from
Nova Scotia and other i)laces.
In 171.'), Louis XIV. in order to detach Queen
Anne of England from her olliauce with the united
powers of luirope with whom he was contending,
offered her Newfoundland, Hudson Bay, and Nova
Scotia, j)ieserving to France, C'anada, Prince Edward's
Island, and ('ape llreton. The attention of the French
(iovernment was now actively bestowed on the Irtter
as a means of extending the cod fishery, and still
maintaining the conmiand of the navigation vif the
(. ■ of St. I.awreni ■ ; hence the colonization of Cape
lireton, and the I'rection of the strong fortification of
l.ouisburg named alter the French King) in 1720, on
the S.E coast of the island.
The French were not long on Cape Breton before
they commenced instigating the Indians to attack the
English settlers at Cape Canseau and in Nova Scotia,
anil the war of 1711, in Europe, was followed up
vitli perseverance and ability by the garrison of Louis-
burg in its attacks on Nova Scotia. The Massachusets
(iovernment sent aid to Annapolis, then Oesieged by
the French and their Indian allies, ""le Indiana of
Passamaquoddy, Penobscot, Pigwo^.^it, and others,
aided the New lOngland colonists. .^ furious and
savage war was carried on between both jiarties, and
the (ioverinnent of Massachusets determined on .it-
facking Louisburg, which the lYench had been 25
years fortil'yinir, ami tliough not then completed, nt
an expense of :!o,(l(il),(iim livres.
The capture of this place will be found at full
le'.igtii in my " Colonial Library," vol.
111. Cape Ureton is of a shape nearly triangular, its
shores iniknted with many line deep havens, broken
with innumerable coves and islets, and almost sejiarated
into two islands by the great inlet of the .sea, termeil
Mras d'Or, wiiich ramifies in the most singular and
romantic manner throughout the isle. These natural
divisions of Cape Hreton are also in striking contrast,
the oiie to the north being high, bold, and steep, that
to the south low, intersected by water, iliversified
with moderate elevations, and gradually rising from
the interior shore of the llras d'Or until it |)resents
nbruiit cliffs towards the ocean. In this latter divi-
sion the highest land does not exceed SOO feet, but
the highlands in the north division are higher, bolder,
and more continuous; Smoky Cape, exceeding I, MOO
feet in altitude above the level of tl sea. The Bras
d'Or would appear to have been :i;. irruption ol the
ocean, caused by some eartluiunke or convulsion, ad-
mitting the wafer within the usual boundary of the
coast. Its entrance is on the east side of the islaml,
facing Newfoundland, and divided into two passages
by lioularilie Island. The south passage, called Little
Bras d'Or, is about 2H miles long, and from a (luarter
to three miles wide, but renilered unnavigable for
large vessels by a bar at its mouth. The north pas-
sage. Great Bras d'Or, is 2.''. miles long, two ti» three
wide, with a free navigation, and above (iO fathoms
soundings. The Bras d'Or itself is the union of these
> t ;i
CAPK BRETON.— GEOLOGY, CUMATF, POPULATION, COMMERCE.
i!
232
two branches, which form tlic pri'at hiko in the centre
of the island, with Severn! fine Imys, where the timber
ships for Kngiimii iisnnlly load, at a distance of 4(1
miles from the main ocean. 'I'he lenpth of this nobK>
se.i-watcr Iniie is about .''lO miles, its greatest width lid,
with a de[)th varying; (Vom lli to TiO fatiioms, every
wiiere securely navif^able, and by reason of its nume-
rous bays and inlets atl'ordini; the benefit of inland
riavi[»ation to almost every farm in the country. Se-
veral fresh-water lakes exist in ditl'erent jjlaces, the
largest arc I.ukc Marguerite, in the north division,
which is about 40 miles in circumference; the tirand
River and Mire lakes in the south, the latter, tnsretlier
with its river, intersecting the island on its S. E.
const for 30 miles, in the rear of the site of the
ancient foi'rcss of l.ouisburg.
Sydney, the cai>itnl of Cape Breton, in latitude M'>.
IS., longitude I'lO. ;r, is the only military post in the
island, and is beautifully situated a few miles south
of the entrance of Bras d'Or, upon a narrow l)ut
somewhat eh'vated tong\ie of land, about one mile in
length and half that sjiace m breadth, its line of
direction north and south, nearly 1 1 miles from the
moutli of Spanish River, On the cast side of the
small promontory i'^. a basin three miles in circinn-
fcrence, while the main channel runs on the west
side, and then opens a fine harbour, afi'ording a secure
nnchorngo for large frigates. The operations of the
mining company are im|)roving Sydney, which it is
asserted has suffered materially from the annexion of
the island to Nova Scotia. Krom Sydney to Louis-
burg the shore presents abrupt dill's, low beaches,
bays, rivers, and a few islands. [See " Culniiiiil
l.iljrni!/."]
The lighthouses on the shores of Cape Breton and
Nova Scotia are thus stated in the B. B. Colonial
Office :—
Lighthouses on Sambo Island, mouth of Halifax
harbour, 1 fixed light; at M'Nutt's Ishmd, mouth of
Slu'lburne harbour, 2 lights, I above the other ; at
Briar Island, 1 fixed light ; entrance of Ainiapojis
iiut, ditto ; Coffin's Ishmd, mouth of Liverpoul hnr-
boin', I ifviilrinti light ; Island (iut of Causo, _' lights,
1 above the other; Seal Island, 1 fixed light; Mea-
gher's Binch, Halifax, I light , entrance I'ictou har-
bour, 1 tixed light for H months; Cross Island, near
Lunenburgh ; entrance Sydney harbour, 1 (ixed light.
I\'. The extensive coal and iron mines which pecu-
liarly murk the geological character of Cnjie I'retfin,
will be found detailed at considerable length in my
" Colonial Library," vol. vi. The island <an (nume-
rate, from sandstone downwards, the whole of the
rock:j whiili constitute tlie transition and primitive
formations.
The coal lield'i of the island contain immense depo-
sits (it gypsum, of a very su|)erior (piality for aLMicnl-
tural purposes, and now becoming an article of con-
si<li ruble trulhc with the I'nited States, who kno.v
how til appreciate its value. It constit.ites a clllf
several miles in extent, and in some jilaces ;tO feet in
height. The gypsum in the lower part of the elilf is
sullieieiitly compact for architectural purposes, and
that mar the surface appears well adapted i'or potter's
moulds, stucco, lliioring, Kc. It is very conveniently
situated for export, as v>.ssels of great burthen may
ap|)roach close to tliechli'. It also occurs abundantly
in various other places.
The natural salt springs which also have their
source in the new red sandstone, are well worth the
attention of capitalists. Situate so near to the veins
of coal, so necessary in the manufacture of salt, nml
in the very heart of the best tisberies of North Aiiie.
rica, these promise fair to become, nt a future day, ;>
productive souice of wealth to the proprietors, ami
of incalculable benefit to the fisheries.
V. Cape Hreton in this respect resembles much its
neighbouring peninsula, with perhaps more moisture
from its insular jiosition. The fog which is swept
■•.long the shores of Nova Scotia by tlic S.W. winil,
and along the S. E. coast of (.'ape Breton as far ns
Scutari, is then blown otl' to sea : it never extends far
inland, being dissipated by the reflected heat. Tlic
climntc is exceedingly healthy, and the water excel-
lent ; two things of paramount value to the settler.
The seasons may be thus indicated : in June tln'
blossoms of the indigenous sbriihs appear, apple
trees are in full bloom in the beginning of July, wluri
strawberries are in perfection; hay is made in Julv
and .\ugust ; in the latter month rasiibeirics "ind oat^
ripen, as do also currants and gooseberries, wheat in
September, and apples and plums hang on the triis
until the ai>proach of winter in October and Nn.
vember.
\T. We have no accurate cens\is of the island ; tin
number of mouths are e.-timated at ;tO,(i()(), of wImih
the greater part are emigrants from the lligliland ; df
Scotland and their descendants ; these are chieliy
employed in agriculture ; the next most numerous
are the origiu.i! European colonists, or French Aea-
dians, an industrious people, employed in the fisheries
and in building small vessels ; the remaining culonists
consist of English and Irish settlers, disbuiidi'd snj-
diers, and Ameriian loyalists, who were loeate<l hire
aftir tlu' Amirican war. 'I'lic Mic Mac tribe, whose
ancestors once tenantid the whole isle, arc now vi'-
duced in number to about .'iOO, who have embracnl
the Roman Catholic religion, and are becomiiii; (■i\i-
lized to some extent ; they have lands assigiuil to
them amounting to 10,000 acres. [Sec Nova Scotia
for statistics.)
\ll. The imports in Isi;i2 were in value 7>*,00o/.,
CMiisistins chieily of Ihitish maiuifuctiircs ; tlu' i \.
ports were — timlicr to England, 9 .IOO loads ; enid to
the I'nited Statis, ftc, l'-J,;M I chaldrons; piekitil
fish, lM, 000 barrels ; dried tisb, 14,000 rpiintals ; oil,
2,.'iOO barrels ; live slock, sl'O bead ; oats, (;,(iiii)
husheh- ; potatoes, 13,000 ditto ; total value, hO.Ikiii/.
The following details of the trade of Cape Hreton
I have rccei\ed from the London Custom House.
Sydney, port of Cajie Ilroton.
("ountie-'.
I'uiird KiiiK>lom .
(iiHTIi-ev
l!rit;-)i W. InilU'S
lirili-h N.AinoricH
Fr(>n\ \ liriflsli v,
Fiiroic J I'or. V.
I'nited -1 Urilish v.
Staten. / I'or. v.
For. Cols. 1 B. V.
ill Amei icn. I K. v.
! Krazil, iSritigh r.
Tola)
Sth January, 1833.
Inwards
Outward
No. Tons.
».
No.
Tons.
Men.
Mm.
1!)
lH.5r)
!<l!l
7 l:i(U
(ill
()
fiys
.'.a
.1 IS,-.
i;
.'.
:);8
ifi
4 'm
2.\
&i:t
3n,"a
\:m
552 31571
14!l.>
(Kb
i;«o
51
.11)
4 \ -.m
:i:i
'i\
3116
138
6<) ' HIHO
412
8:)
iu;l87'
4.10
lilt! |:!.1HI
5S,-.
1
.13 1
!i
•i . U6
y
1 753;
38
• •
1 1
1 '
3 486
31
667
! .133gA
SAOS
752 ,563!l6
ariio
Outwards.
CAPK BRi;rON.— COMMKRCE.
Chief Exports from the Port of Sydney, Cape Ureton, years ending Tith January.
233
l)arrels
1
1S2R j
1829
1830
1
1831
1832
1833
1834
183.5
1830
1837
1838
lU-tf .
i:
128
335
94
187
503
530
95'
30
Uaariis .
ind8.»
149000
20700
172000
174700
149900
143000
09758
427500
173312
203479
239957
liiutir .
tubs
897
511
455
584
1491
715
, ,
1179
1718
470
339
C'littii", neat
. litad
87!)
723
888
521
857
500
445
789
934
203
151
Diuls .
fi'ft
:<'jy
302C.
,
, ,
, ,
, .
1072
50
40
785
210-
'Dry.
quintaLs
.■)OHO'.»
3973.')
33005
33938
23G71
20532
22408
20778
33481
5905
7744
.= J .Scale
300,
790
101
102
38
450
280
533
728
■^ \ l'ii;klcil
barrels
12.V)'J
19702
18288
13 cor,
15849
10002
18050
18789
25801
390
590
[ Oil .
tons
4ir.
.'21
137
237
20f">
hi
43
143
129
19
•t
Flour . .
fi<;
.{
120
38
Griiulstones
No!
lo;
, ,
, ,
, .
. .
. ,
, .
24
llumlspikes
. No.
71)0
.')440
1705
550
1030
41
1092
1392
1044
141
24
|llH)|l.S .
nids.
.55,
40
19
32
, .
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
22400
Oars .
pair
110
W.S
307
70
310
,545
300
100
280
90
122
O.its .
bushels
40'.)('.
23ti4
2310
5369
29159
IHOO
3138
4089
5570
1400
(iyiiMim
tons
372
8.'-)2
771
877
.531
028
1004
1038
1004
I'i'anUs .
feet
no:
4:!3.-)
37r.lf.
2000
4000
393
I'.mI. ,
barrels
10
17*'.
51
43
104
100
, ,
, ,
28
3
I'ctatoos
buslitls
12(;i3
4107
f.OlH)
33100
35808
C710
5720
12103
14193
450
400
S|mf.s ,
No.
28
198
493
77
20
110
90
118
104
28
50
Slut'))
. No.
/ (1/
(;:{i
'M
455
543
7oO
149
830
505
170
7
shiinlis
nuls.
l-,4
218
235
211
285
172
128
219
114
002850493750
SiiHikcd lierr
ngs barr.
201
504
338
100
Hardwood
. pieces
4607
1898
1397
135
1 040
874
1042
3054
2103
5408
8
Tiiiitior, pine
. pieces
3284
3074
, ,
1789
890
909
589
402
3209
, ,
5788
(•,)ill . c
lialdrous
1
..
1
25278
19902
22171
38908
47230
at C'apc Ureton mine 30,840 chaldrons.
IS
X — 3^ n X t
O i~ \r. i~ T I-
X -« CT> I^ 0-. K
O ■MX—.
CO ?i
M
Cr Tl ••: li: X t;
C» V2 X rfs — ?l
— X r- 1- c^
M c>i o —
o
1.1
■M — . M
O t «
o
Tl X X
>C Cj «
?i ?i »'-
• Mds. signifies 1,000 feet.
Tlu' trade in roal is rapi My inerenaini; nt Cape The mines are leased to the Ojneral Mininc; Asso-
Britdii, as also at the port of I'ietou ; the (piantity elation, at the tixeil rent of 3,000/. per annum. The
ni; I at I'ietou, in \t\.\2, was li!,o20 chaldrons, and, following description of a new source of em;/ioyment
for British industry and capital will doubUess prove
interesting.
The General Mining Association, as tenants of the
Crown, and of his late Royal IIij;hness the Z iVc of
York, arc lessees of all the mines and minerals of
every description in the jirovince of Nova Scotia
Proper, and in the island and county of Cajie Breton.
The operations of the association commenced there
in the year 1hJ7, and have hitherto been confined to
the working of coal mines, and the discovery of iron
ore.
The coal mines opened and at work are three in
number — the Albion, the Sydney, and the Bridgeport
mines.
The Albion mines are situated on the banks of tlie
Fast River, in the district of Pictou, or I'oictou, and
distant about eight miles and a half from the town of
that name, a port of safe and easy access on the
Gulf of St. Lawrence. A light-house has lately been
erected on the coast, near Pictou.
The Kast River is • idy navigable for burthcnsome
craft to within six miles of the Albion mines ; so
that vessels arriving for coal receive thi'ir cargoes
from barges, which load ut the mines, and are towed
down to the deep water by one of the steamers
belonging to the Association. A rail -road, now in
progress, will, when completed, obviate this incon-
venience, as well as any breakage which the coal
might sustain by transhipment; and will at the same
time materially reduce the cost of shipping it.
The strata are sunilar in their formation to those
! of the Statfordshire coal lieids, and, like the latter,
I produce a coal which, good and serviceable as it is
I for household use, is, however, from its peculiar pro-
II It
es -«
M i~ -M ^r.
-r
r r. CO '-r '..r
<r> (» X <c i~
r>
— CO T 1- -•
XI -r CO 1-
u;
T C^ -T -M 1.0
X
1- CI 1.-, —
X 4.-: CO «^
X
».
-N
i.-: v: <c fo —
ti
^1
C r-. C% vT. -M
CO c: 1- 1- c^
t
1-
%; — c. 71 -(■
«
CO -• — rr
1^
a>
— 'C CO rt X
*^ f 4 MM ^^
X l~ T ,-0 X
— CO
»-0
"T —
5-1
t
CO X X
..-s
9*
T i~ ."o — ri c
«
. >/t — —
-r
•M
^; CO T ■- X i«
X
■ 1- V£ CO
T
CO
^^
-^ .-« .«
—
..'i ,-* ^ -r
.•0
Cl (Ti »t
X
X
C» X X CO -o Tl
.-1
. t — —
Ci
CI
7t -t — -r ?> —
QD
. -« «a IN a> It
— — t Ui i~ ro 0^
"^
■^
~-
•.o ri 1- «i
oJ^ 6<
a
.a «
a. T)
E
eg
C
' :/■,
■a
tf) (A n (A
V e ij e
o o y o
H, 'E,
u .
• 2
o -a o
♦- c ^
c
-a a
? Cl fc_ «.
0.
^m
» 1-.
■ .I-
'■, I-
'^;f
234
CAPE nRKTON,— COMMF.RCr, STAPLE PRODUCTS.
1:1 ^
li
■;( *
pcrtics, most remnrkftblc for excellence for the pur- the prcvoiling winds. The establishment at the Syd
poses of steam and muniifnctures ; and especially for ney mines consists of nl)o(it .'too persons and occiipiis
the mnnufnctures of iron, on account of the absence
of sulphnr in its compisition.
In S('pteml)cr lH;t3, the stcam-hont " Royal Wij.
jiam," of lH(t horse power, and 1,000 tons burthen,
arrived in London, bavin'.; performed the voyage from
(iuel)ec to I'ictoii, and from I'ictou to London, by
steam. The fuel used was, from Quebec to I'ictou,
l'".nglish coal, from Pictou to Cowes, Alhion coal, and
from Cowes to London, ajjain I'.nglish coal, taken in
."lO houses, including the buildings rerpiired for tin
works. The (pianlities of coal shipped from tlusc
mines from the year 1H27, to 1837, are as folltnvs :
In 18J7, 8,770 chaldrons; 18:JH, lo,2fifi ; 1h-."J, ;),'.)ii:i;
1830, ll,8;)K; 1831, 13,882; 18:!2, l!),'.M;» ; iN.iH,
l.">,302; 1831, 11, (",03; 183"), l.'), I.'iO ; IsaG, 31,.|Hr ,
1837, 3.''>,ir)l; the total in chaldrons being, 1h;j,7(;m.'
The Hridgeport mines are situated on the southern
«.hore of Indian Hay, one mile and three quarters frnm
at Cowes. The captain and the engii\eers gave a most , the harbour where vessels load, and which is perfectly
decided ])reference to the Alhion coal over the Eng- : secure for shipping in the most boisterous weatlur.
lish, and pronounced it to be the best fuel they had The southern head of Indian Hay, which is called Cnpi
ever tried '"r generating steam. This is a very im
portant fact, considered in connection with the im-
mense and growing extent of steam navigation in the
United States, which will find thus near at hand a
sujjply commensurate with that extent of fuel, so va-
luable for its purposes, and to which it will he applied
when further experience shall have satisfied the
Americans of the superiority of such a coal for steam
naviijation over wood, and of the economy to be de-
rived from the use of it.
The following rtturn shows the rpmntities of coal
Table, boars by compass from Kliiit Island noitli
west liy west, distance eight miles and a half, aiultiu'
northern head of the bay bears from the light-house
on Flat Point at the entrance of Sydney harbour
south-cast, distance four miles. Vessels may run
safely into four fathoms water between the northern
and southern fieads.
The coal from these mines is of excellent rpntlity,
of the same description as the Sydney, and not at nil
inferior to it. A rail-road has been laid from the jiits
to the shipping place, and along which the coal is
shipped from the Albion mines, from the beginning of j carried and dejiosited at once in the holds of tla
I82H to 183(i, distinguishing the number of chaldrons ! vessels.
in each vear:— In 1828, I, IC,7 ; 182'.), .'■),8U ; is.so,
C,42fi; 1831. 8,;U."); 1832, 12,020; 1833, l'J,8!)0;
1834, 11.1127; 18.;.-), 18,ir,l; lh3r>. 3(;.322 ; 1837,
3C>.»'i'.)7 ; total numlier of chaldrons. 1(;3,0'.)C..
The coal is raised from four shafts by the aid of
steam-pumi)ing and winding engines.
The establishment at the Albion mines consists of
upwards of 400 persons employed in and abo\it the
mines, the foundery, the rail-road, steam-boat, and
barges, the brick-kilns, Ike, and their several appur-
tenances. The number of dwelling-houses and of
This establishment employs about l.'iO persons the
houses and buildings exceed 20 in number, exclusive
of wharfs, saw-pits, iScc. The following (|uantities nf
coal hav" been shipped from the Hridgeport mines
from the year I82'.t, when they were (irst opened, to
1837 :— III 182'.», 1,32.") chaldrons; 1830, 3, l2."> ; |h;ii,
6,8.-. 1 ; (1832, lO.s'JO; 1833, 9,80,'); 1834, 7,11:.';
183.->, 8,434; 183C,, 1 2, .');-,() ; 18;i7, 13,121; total in
chaldrons being, 73,r)l3.
The extent and power of the veins or scams of coiil
already discovered in Nova Scotia, render them as it
buildings rc(piired for these various works is little j were inexhaustible ; and when the capabilities of the
short of 100; and the small town of New (ilasgow mines opened '.y the Association, are fully developed,
owes its birth and existence to the presence and ope- they will be e(|ual to supply any demniid.
rations of the (kneral .Mining Association in this part , The capital jf the (Jtueral Mining .Association is
of the country. ^ 400,000/. divided in 20,000 shares of 20/. each. 01
The Sydney i.nd Bridgeport mines arc both in the this sum 340,000/., or 17/. per share, have already
island of (ape Ureton, which is separated from Nova been subscribed, of which 210, 000/., or 12/. per share,
Scotia by tlie Gut of Cansean. have been applied to the operations in Nova Scotia.
The Sydney mines are situated on the northwest On the other hand, the Association jiossscses in Xova
entrance, of Sianisb River, or Sydney harbour, a bar- Scotia considerable ])ropcrty in mines, machinery,
hoiH' equal, if not superior, to any in Hritish America,
and which is accessible in all winds. It is here that
the most extensive operations of the Association are
carried on. The coal of this field is similar in (pialitv
to the Newcastle coal. It is well suited for all tlj
purposes of good fuel, but most particularly for do-
mestic use. It is highly bituminous, ignites readily,
gives r strong lastin r heat, aiul leaves but little ash.
A rail-road, which cost 4o,(;oo/., and on which three
locomotive engines are employed, is finished frcmitlie
\)Hs tr> a point of the harhnur, where vessels of any
burthen can toad with ease, and well sheltered from j
implements, steam-boats, an<l other craft, wharfs, ami
houses, and about 14,000 acres of land.
VI I. The staple products may be considered ti'^li,
coal, gy|)sum and timber. Of the former it maybe
observed, every river, creek, and bay teems with the
finny tribe of every variety. The ^'xtent of coal nml
gypsum has been already stated ; and as to timher, it
exists in immense forests, efjual in cpiality to any
grown on the shores of the Baltic ; live cattle, butter,
cheese, jiotatoes, oi.ts, Sec, are becoming increa'^i'l
articles of export to Newioundland.
the purpo!
wrecked m
driven on
Lihi'inj.]
Tin; Ma
rem.'-', ari'
northward
the nearest
French sett
IH,) ditto ei
tluv foiin
42 miles
Island, tlie
having H*i:i
elevation in
the level
chain, with
M
SABLE ISLAND.
Tills scene of numerous and melancholy ship-
wrecks, — torty vesMds having been wrecked on it in
the course of a few years, and in one year 200 peopli'
jierishcd on its • bores,— lying directly in the track
of vessels bound to or from I'.urope, is about 8.') miles
distant from Cape Cansean ; in length about 30
nishing at cither end to an accumulation of loojo
white san<l, being little more than a congeries of hard
banks of the same ; its west end is in N. lat. I3..'i<', 12.
NV. long. »■)(). 71. !;■>. East end N. lat. 43..'-)'j.:,. W.
long. .'■>'.•. 42. A sum of 800/. is devoted to kecpins
Oh the island a Supcrintendant from Nova Scotia,
1II.-,IUIIL ,,..,.. . ..I" W.....V - ■■n- ~ - •-.,.- - - r
miles, by 1 1 in width, shaped like a bow, and dimi- with a party of men provided with provisions, \e. for
l.;.;f
ihmcnt Rt the Syd
Tsoiis mill occii|)Us
s rofniiieil for the
hip|)Cf| from tljisc
'M, nre ns follows
i.iiOr, ; is-j'j, ;),'.)(i;i;
12, 19,!M'.»; ls;i:t,'
:)9; lHHf>, .-tLluc,
lis bciiic;, iN.'i.Tr'iM.
(I oil the aouthfiii
hree qimrtcrs fnitii
I wliicli is perfectly
nisteroiis wcntlur.
.■hich is called Cnpr
lint Islniid north,
iiul n half, niid the
in the lip;ht-hoiise
f Syihiey harbour
Vessels may run
vcen the northern
excellent f|iiality,
ney, and not at all
laid from the pits
.vhich tiif coal is
the liolils of the
it 1 .">0 persons the
tuin-.her, exehisivc
>ins (pumtities nf
UridReport mines
re first opened, t(j
K3(), .'^.l^.') ; iK.'ti
.'>; !«;<». 7,1 h';
13,121 ; total in
9 or scams of i-n.il
render them as it
[apahilitics of the
:■ fully develo|)i.Hl,
void.
Association is
)f 20/. each. Ot
ii-e, have ahiady
n 12/. per sliiuv,
in Nova Scofia.
lossscses in Xova
iiies, tMachiiiery,
rat't, wharfs, and
id.
considered fish,
inner it may he
teems with the
tent of coal anil
as to timher, it
quality to any
l' rattle, InittiT.
mini' increased
NEW BRUNSWICK.— LOCALITY, HISTORV AND ACQUISITION.
2:?.-
\'
ation of liKjsp
)ii!,'eries of hard
at,i;f..'i(;.J2.
t. li..'-)'.).:). W.
ted to keepini;
1 Nova Scotia,
)vision.s, ^c. for
the purpose of affording prompt aid to any siiip-
wrecked mariners of whatsoever nation, who may lie
driven on its inhospitable shores. [Sec Co/uniat
Lihruri/.]
Till': MAcnALEN Isi.ANns, In the Gulf of St. Law-
rciicj, are IH leantues N. W. of Cape Hr;'tnn, the same
northward of Prince [■'.dward Isle; 'M', lea;,'iies from
the nearest point of Newfoundland ; I't ditto from the
French settlements of M.giiclon and St. I'ierre, •iiid
1H.» ditto eastward of (inelxH-. With four excoptioiis
tiny foim an almost contimions chain of land about
4:; miles Ions;, and nearly N. K and S. W. Amherst
IsliiM't, the most southern of th > chain, is nearly ov il,
haviu'.; about .'i^ nini 'A\ wiles for i''s axis, wi'h an
elevation in one place of an isolated hill 2ti() feet above
the level of the sra. Its harbour is the best in the
chain, with a narrow, but straight entrance over n
soft ooze bar, for vessels drawing 11 to 12 feet water.
Continuous spots of saml almost connect Ai .herst
with (irihdstoiie Island, whose diameter is about H
miles. Cape Abright, the next in succession, Is
about 9 miles long and .'1 broad. Thin f diows Kntry
and Cortin Islands. The po|uilation consists of nearly
200 families, the greater part of whom are French
Acadians — lisliermen. I.ieiitenint naildely, who exa-
mined the islands, thinks them nf isiinous origin ;
first, by reason of the h)rm of the lulls of which they
are composed; secondly, on account of their porphy-
ritic, amygdaloidal, vesicular or lava like structure;
thirdly, the geolo'.?ical appearances of the sandstone,
clay.s, Uc, shewn in tin ir ihsplacement, n th ir red-
ness, and eveii in the'r friability. In some places the
soil isariidi black mould as at St. Vincent's, ami other
volcanic islands in the West Indies.
CHAPTER v.— NEW BRUNSWICK.
Section 1. New Brunswick, as an eastern section
(jf the continent of North America, is situate bi'tween
the ]iarallels of l.'). ."). and ^H. 4. ;»). north latitude,
and the meridians of Ci;?. I". :iO. and Ci". :'>:!. lon'.;itude
west of (ireenwich ; bounded on the north by the
Bay of Chaleurs, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (sepa-
rating it from the district of Gaspej, and by the River
Ristigouche, which in its whole course, from its
.source to the estuary in the Bay of Clialeurs, divides
the |>rovince from the county of Honaventure, in
Lower Canada; on the south it is hounded by the
Bay of I'uniiy and Chignecto Inlet, which nearly in-
sulate Nova Scotia, the latter being divided on latid by
a short boundary line (drawn fro.n Tort Cuhiberland
to Hay Verte, in Northumberland straits, an arm of
the Gulf of St. Lawrence", which separates the county
of Westmoreland, in New Brunswick, from that of
Amherst in Nova Scotia; on the east by the (uilf of
St. Lawrence and Northimiberland Strait, wbiib .sepa-
rates it from I'rincc Kdward's Island ; and on the
west hy the Cnitcd States territory, commencinir on
the south coast at I'assamaiiuoddy Hay in the Gulf of
Fundy (embracing the i^laiiiU to the northward of
44.30., such as the Granil Monan, Deer, and Camiio
Hello), proceeding northward almig the River Scmlie
or St. Croix ; the River Chiputnetikooh to a chain of
hikes, thence from a boundary line commencing at a
monument on Mar's llill, 100 miles west of I'reiieric-
ton, ill latitude 4'i. i'. K., longitude M. .Hi. W., am!
running northerly to aiioii' four or five miles west of
the Kiver St. .lohn, to tfie source of the K;s'i;;onc!ic
Hiver; the wIrTle p;-oviiice containing li/, To 1 square
miles, or I7,7.''.0,.5('i0 acres.
II. The early details of this colony are comprised
in those of Nova Scotia, of wlueh it formed a part,
and which the reader will remember to have been
finally ceded (after conqur ?t ' to (ireat liritain, by the
treaty of Utrecht in 1713, but until the liiial extirjia-
tioii of the French jiower in Nortli America, in I'.iM
anil 17.')9, Great Britain could not be said to have
peaceable possession of New Brunswick, since which
time it has remained in our possession. In n>*!) the
present limits of New Brunswick were fixed, and the
territory was separated from the province of Nova
Scotia — erected Into a separate government, under
the administration of Col. Carleton, and a Legisla-
tive Assembly was .«iiinmoncil at St. John's.
The dreadful tire at JMirainichi, on the F.. coast, in
1«2."), was one of the most terrible natural confla-
grations of which we have any record in the history
of tl'.e world. [Sec Hislanj nf llw lintisli Cnhmii's,
vol. iii., or L'lthmiitl lAhntrtj, vol. vi.J
III. New Brunswick is generally composed of bold
undiilation.s, sometimes swellmsj into mountains, and
again subdividing Into vale and lowlands, covered
with noble fi'reRts,and intersected by r.umerou.s rivers
and lakes, afl'ording water communications in every
direction to the pleasing settlements, scattered
throiishout the fertile alluvial spots, termed hili-i rules.
The greater part of the territory, namely about
1 1,000,0(10 acres, is still in a state of nature adorned
with abundance of timber, and fine extended prairies :
an ilka of the country will, therefore, be better con-
veyed to the stranger by examining its appearance,
by counties, which arc in general distinctly divided by
water courses, or other natural indications.
New Brunswiek is divided into ten counties — viz.:
Gloucester, Northiiuiberhmd, Kent, Westmoreland,
St, .lohn's, Charlotte, King's, Queen's, Sunbury, and
York. Gloucester, Northumberland, and Kent were
originally comprised under one county, named Nor-
thumberland, am! extending over an area of H,000
square miles, having a river frontier from the source
of the Ristigoiiche to Dalhousie Harbour, at the head
of the Bay.!" Chnlet'.r, and thence a seaboard along
the south .side of the bay and the gulf coast to Shudiau
Island.
'I'hi- New Rrunswick shore, along the Gulf of St.
Lawrence, is low and sandy, covered with trees of a
stunted growth, and skirted with extensive marshes,
large deep mosses and long sand beaches, formed by
the conliicting currents of the suit', and the diH'erent
rivers that jiierce the shore, 'i'he coast line of the
magnificent Buy de Chaleur (which is .s.") miles long,
and from Ifp to 30 broad,) commencing in 47. .")8. N.
Lat. 04.30. \V. Long, is similar to the jrulf shore, but
In some places tiiere are perpendicular dill's of some
height.
!,.,.:4
NEWBRUNSWICK.—GKOI.OGY, MINERALOGY, AND SOIL ; CLIMATE; POPULATION.
III
i
III
I ■'
p:
j|;i^...
It J '
ilHlfli^' -
IH^BJ^P^-i
■nuB-.ji''
■ -, ;"^^
The city of St. John, in Lat. 45.20. N., Long, fifi.3.
W., by reason of the noble river on whicliit is built, is
tlie emporium of llie inland trade of a );reat |)nrt of
tlie province: it i.< a hiindsonie town on a niKRed,
rocky, and uneven peninsula projeetinn into the bur-
hour, witli numerous public buildiuRs of stone, brick,
or wood. A eoint-bouse, ebureh, and biuik, of stone,
are particidarly remarkable for their excellent struc-
ture. Heing an incorjioratid city, St. John is coverned
by a mayor, nidernu'n, and eorninoniilry, who have
an annual revenue of L', ()()()/. at tlnir disposal for the
improvement of the city, whose pupidation amoinits
to about 10,(1(10 mouths. The baibour is easy of en-
trance, capneious and safe, with a liphthousc on a
snudi Island tl'atrid;;e), about the centre of the en-
trance. 'J'he view from seaward is bold and ru!.'i?ed ;
but on opening the harbour, thi' wooded mountainous
back );round, hi. ' general pietures(|ue scenery, forms
a very beautiful picture. The line river, St. John's,
has a course of nearly (iOO miles from its source near
the C'haudiere in Lower Canada, to where it falls into
the bay of Fundy.
York County contains the capital of the province —
Fredericton, in l.")..'i7. N. Lat , CCi.!.'). W. Lonp;. ; 8,')
miles distant from the sea coast at St. John's, Kinhty-
five miles from St. John's, '.)() from St. Andrew's,
ditto from Northumberland, l-lo W. of Tort Cumber-
land in Westmorelarid, and ditto from the Upper Set-
tlement in Madawaska.
The site of Tredcricton is upon a flat territory, on
the risht bank of the river St. John's, a body of water
equally interestins; from it's extent and pvirity, and
which is here threcfpiartersof a mile wide; the river,
making an elbow, encloses the city on two sides ;
whilst, on the land side, the plain i.s likewise enclosed
by a chain of hills, and opposite to it the Nashwak
rolls its broad, and sometimes rapid, stream into the
St. John's, which to this point is navif^able from the
sea upwards for vessels of .SO tons burthen.
Fredericton is laid out in blocks of a '|uarter of an
acre square, of which there are IH; the streets are
dis|)oscd rectangularly, some of them being a mile
long, and, for the most |)art, continuously built on
with wooden houses. The public edifices c(Uisist of
the Province Hall (where the I'rovincial Assembly
and Courts of Justice assemble), the Court-house,
TJarracks, Government House, Library, Church, Cha-
pels, and Kirk, with several other structures, thenum-
iier of which is rapidly increasing.
IV. The topography with descriptive and historical
details, will he found in the " Coliminl Lihinrij." Vol.
vi. — Along the shores of the province, facing Cbaleur
liay and the gulf of St. Lawrence, grey sand-stone
and clay-slate predominate, with detached rock of
granite, mica, quartz, and iron-stone ; on the S. coast
limestone, greywacke, clay-slate with sandstone, inter-
rupted occasionally by gneiss, trap and granite prevail.
Specimens of amethyst, cornelian, jasper, &c. have
been |)icked up in various j)laces. I'Atensive vi'ins of
coal lying a few feet above the level of the water, and
running horizontally, are found on the shores of the
Grand Lake in Queen's County ■ a company has been
incorporateil for 30 yeais, with a capital of 30,(100/.
to work this mine. An excellent vein of coal has been
recently opened on the banks of the Salmon Uiver,
which is said to be su|)erior to that of the Grand
Lake. Iron ore is abundant. Copper, plumbago, and
manganese have also been found, and gypsum and
giindstone are in inexhaustible quantities near Chig-
necto Basin ; salt springs, strongly saturated, are
numerous, and some sulphureous springs have lately
been found.
V. New Krunswick is healthy ; old age is freipient
in persons possessed of the sligbest degree of sobriety.
Consumption and rheunuitism are the most prevalent
diseases ; iiut agues and intermittent fevers are rare
if not unknown. The following metforologieal re-
turn of the climate at Fredericton, the capital, wu.s
transmitted home to the army medical department :—
I
t
1
1
****** I ! 1 •) I
- W 6» 5i»'I-*l U* 4. *► W ti M
M- i.»-N*-
lliglictt.
I
&
£•
i
o
B
u
■■1
Hi
Lowest.
Dally
Avcraice.
(irentcst
Variation.
ic -< li M M « tc M » Id u 15
nirMMctectXuid*>
0)
33
a
1
X
1^
ZZ' M*»d* * * * t«9t
Variable.
M — (5 — M N- ■* ■- h5 u li li
9) ^-< ■;, -M U OB b< oc tc U U «-
Fair.
1
O
1
en
• »vi V* Cd u 0)cn^i i« ^^ i«
Rain.
*>
M
to U »4 OO 4n etO b* * M ' —
K<>K.
K>
Show.
n
I
VI. By the census of New Brunswick in 1824, the
aggregate number of the inhabitants was — Whites,
Males, 38,704; Females, 32,(;r)f) ; Total; 71,420.
Free blacks, Males, 738 ; Females, 774; Grand Total,
72,932.
Divided by Counties, tlie population was in 1H21—
Area in
Inliabi- ilnhabi.
Counties.
sqiiuro
No. of
tnnts in jtantt in
niilfs.
raii-^hfs.
IHJI. Wii.
York* .
10
um-i i
tlinrloltet .
y
il-'/"()
Siiiibiiry
4
:c.'J7
Unei'ii's
l.VJd
l>
4741
KiiiK's .
M;),-)
7
riKIO
.St. Jolin'st .
;)
iv!!)«r
Wt'stmorcluod
212ri
H
!):ii)H <
(ilducostcr .
y:i!»i
M
Kent .
IhIM
4
1S8S9
Nortliunibcrland .
4.'>nii
■i
Total .
(14
74l/"0
• InciudinK Fredericton.
Manan, and the Went IsIob.
laiiiing R,4R8 80Ul».
t Ditto Campo Bello, Grand
t Ditto St. John's City, roa.
Fnd.i
St. Ml
l)(iiit;II
Kiiig--
Queeil
I'rincil
Sotithl
Uumlf
Nortbl
Wool!
Kent
Bright
Perth
Wiekl
Wak'
Ando
Madav
OPUI.ATION.
springs havp lately
old nge is frciiurnt
(li'gri'C of sobrii'ty.
tlic most prevalent
eiit (overs are liirc
nipteoriilogiea! re-
II, llic capital, \vu»
ital (lc|iui'tiia'iit :—
flictt.
P
B
o-
vest.
- _^
3
ally
f«lfi'.
- - ■
B
•at est
mtion.
^
fas In 1821-
Bcllo, Cirand
lin's City, con.
NEW BRUNSWICK.— POPTJIATION CENSUS FOR 1834.
m
Countiet
and
Parishes.
3!
a
o
u.'g
>• S.
if in
O ^
■a !■=
3
■f
a
c tt,
«.£
(A
3
O
X
c
3
S.r5
2 5
•=•3
Whites.
o ip;
1,
i
3
3«
2 2
£
S "
•3
A
TJ
a
E
S
U4
lb
youk county.
I-'redericton
St. Mary .
Douglas
Kiiigsclcar
Qiieenshury
I'lince William .
Soiithunipton
Uumlries .
Total
f'ARI.KTON COUNTY.
Northampton
Woodstock
Kent
Hrij^hton .
Perth
Wicklow .
Wak' field .
Anduvcr .
Madawaska
Total
ST. jou.n's county.
City of St. Johns, 1st. Distr.
Ditto ditto, 2nd. Distr '
Parish of Portland, 1st. do.
Ditto ditto, 2nd. do.
District of Carleton .
Parish of Lancaster .
Ditto St. Martins
Total
kino's county.
Kingston ....
Sussex ....
Hampton, 1st. Distr. .
Ditto 2nd. do. .
Norton ...
Westfield ...
Spriiii^tield
Greenwich
Total
qiieen's county.
Gagctown
Canning .
Wickham .
Waterhorough .
Brunswick
Hampstead
Total
SUNUl'RY COUNTY.
Maiigerville
ShetVield .
Burton, 1st. Distr.
Lincoln, do. do.
Burton, 2hd. do.
Lincoln, do. do.
Total
;)'J.3
22.-.
aor.
17f.
144
110
07
HI
4H.')'
241
l'J2
K.l
iir.
83
IS
11
H
7 748 C,r,2 -n.'!
f 412 37.'. 329
People of Colour.
i?
■o
3 •
^"z
«i
•a
eg
-^
A
2
3
>>4 u.
-a
1502
\(m
M
7.1
;'.ii3
327
CH
75
142
157
35
3y
9C
lOf.
21)1
2'J4
73
If,
347
393
<; .542
IK 311
<j\ 273
7 1H4
107
4 lOO
503 446
271
252
\c,i;
110
145
2f)0
205
142
HO
12
141'J
555
531
259
320
lU
1C.4
197
65
2
22
5
K
3
7
9
6
24
542! 85
59 2737 2474 23(;5
il89
1 003
557
331
14f)
1M3
221
3
32
2
2
4
h\
21
3
53
128
14
11
8
14
2
13
19
133
5f)(;
109
25H
70
100
475
124
533
127
474I
119
20n
72
159
510
152
030
620
357
530
293
219
145
103
143
2434 2517
J 00 1954
23 1311
2| 900
29
25
2138
292
404
180
220
123
1H3
239I
142
36301 81
303 1
475
194
235 1
120!
194!
24 9 j
150,
8
22
3
15
4
7
11
1849
1920J
184
9
20
8
10
8
488
235
31?
370
1397
1001
734
417
170
381
374
105
430
84
215
48
IIV
395
100
491
27
15
15
14
2410
113
41
232
205
48
1,53
400
145
OlH
1993 2499
2002
1520
897
370
213
208
307
110
3
4
7
1
4
5U
19
7
10
44 I 48
i970
110
'2
G
1
5
8 I 11 1 1507
2127
1204
1007
087
406
570
31
18
18
17
16
20
11
15
131 ,l:i9 ;10478
1329
1115
001
389
108
285
340
5509 4540 5643 4287
455
838
314
349
232
291
382
253
511
795
2741
383j
171!
339
388
242
490
727
270
308
190j
201
305
230
79 3114:3103 2853
148
105
152
104
247
205
182
234
118
134
209
213
10
6
19
4
3
1050 1175 47
72
89
120
140
100
182
72
83
47
54
34
41
505| 595' IS
28
111
18
22
2
100
3
3
19
3
3
3
34
250
270
427
332
218
330
1875
1.34
249
322
1 9.'^
100
94
257
245
435
331
223
327
450
740
20
37
150
3f
370
217
19
18
01
5
48
5
14
14
10
44
5
42
21
479
1947
504
1007
244
591
1862
523
2276
249
230
300
298
171
300
151
3
12
5
1
10
8
2
134
4
9
5
1
5
5
10
2
10
7
41
15
86
42
5
8
G4
44
5
4
18
17
9493
6827
5246
3215
1862
812
1315
1391
il9 130
29.54
221
293
402
317
230
337
1818
1614
131 128 110
229 217 249
1800
47
4
7
2941 209
124, 123
101! 71
7ll 57
1097, 9.53 805
277I
119|
80
56
902
16
1
5
1
1
41
3
11
4
7
10
1
3
10
13
2
''I
52
31
5
9
2
19
19
3
fi
18
3
29
3
1
2
20668
1929
3143
1132
1421
786
1275
1551
958
12195
1004
1052
1624
1334
872
1318
34 7204
514
957
1165
567
358
277
383S
'1
g
:'•!!
tl ' .!J
\H
I s
23R
NEW BRUNSVVICK.—POPULATION CENSUS FOR IM4.
I '
Coiintirs
HDll
Pnrislics.
MVF.RTMOREI.AND COUNTY.
DoivllinliT
S.\ckvill(> .
Westiiiori liuiil
Hillblxiriiiigii
Monctoii .
Hopewfll .
Sulixhury .
SluHlmc
Covcniale
Dotsfurd .
Tutui
NOUTHl'MnSRl.ANU COUNTY
Newcastle
Chatham
Ludlow
Northcsk .
Alhiwick .
BlissHuld .
BInckvillc . , .
Glenclg
Nelson
Total
KENT COUNTY
Rijhibiicto
Carlcton .
Wellington
Dundits
Husklsson
Harcoiirt .
Total
GLOrCIiSTEU COUNTY.
AddingTun
Eauinart.'i .
Cara.|iict .
New Uaiidon
Bensfoid .
Bathurst
Toial
CHARLOTTE CO'.'NTY.
St. Andrew's, Isi. Uistr.
Ditto, 2n(l. ditto
St. Stephen
St. David .
J^t. (Icoifc
St. Paliick
St. Jiinies .
Pcnnf.eld .
Grand Mr.nan
West Isk's
Campo Bello
Total
Grand Total
1720
lt<<J^
3
.or.i
470
3
."iOH
:''J^
r,
r.8o
r,::H
1
3J3
37f.
1
r^o'j
r-Ar-,
1
3;Jii
3h:{
11
222
2(!9
1C7
IDl
203
204
27!)
2') 7
1
3(;()l; 3." 90
12
2
'
1 1 1 70
277.-.
l(»;ti)
1171
1
ioi>;
I
f.o;i 1
1729
1097
if;-9
(■>H0
ll9'i
UIJC,
.5
11
4
o
o
12 IC. 24
1
14
1
I9.V1
1.'.32
2077
l,-i7.-.
23;21
l.')07
927
742
9">*'>
llio
."1.50
7797 2SO:!l 39>^ 372 494 372Jll91'7
New Brunswick population, froni .lounials of A-^scmhly for 1^34.
In IHTScj
(rclUTHlly
l)(irii in t'"|
liiiiiis froiij
•1 l.f I'-)"'
wliu-h adj'l
)mitic\ilnr
be in^iitidl
(>»<».< 'I
from the
472,1.'- 1. «■
f„rcii.'"u'rs.
of7J,t'H'-';L
VVIlskll SOtll|
diided in
Siiu-e lH:to|
land 7,r.0C.,
.1,420, \Vi
2o,iCi4, nJ
population!
tics only inl
tlmn Soini'i
Wnldo. 1''
to'; 32. NVi
dunlDf iif ■'
Ml. Rfliir
Name of
I'niu-i' WilUi^
Dimilru-s
(J iiMMi'liury
ll;!lli:ll»S
\\iMi(l>toi'k«
MiuiKirviUe
lllirtnu
(Ht:('t.nvl\
llamiistumit
W.itfr'iiiroiii
t'.iniiiiiK
Wi'stliflil
(ini'invipU
Sprin;;rtelJ
II amp'""
Sussex**
St. Amlrcw
St. StiMil'Cii
St. D.wid
^t. Jaint"-'
St. (if'irgc'
I'amfii'lil
(iraiid Mar
llnlliiirst
Cliathaiii
(.ItMU'lg
Sackville
Sliccllac
VVestmorcl
St. Jolm
Hnrtlaml
Cark'tori ^
l.ftiipastcr
,st. Mary'fl
Uiclilbucti
Welilford
There I
cluiiches,
* 2 clia
ins will CI
tain 170.
lii'l. build
NKW HKUNSWICK.— REI.IOION.
939
Colour,
10
1> u
S
R li
1 9
1 a.
s vc S vc
1
f " g
i 3
; !i
f2
3
4
31: »
3
2
I'Jlo
8
H
\\a
'jm
.')7H
aoo7
i
1 1 :'()
1
1.1 iw
•'
m;
« ,
•1
I3J<:
7 20 M:'(i,,
)
I'M-
L'.'! .■.;•>
1
1 :)oi
» '
Ii'k;
77J
4rj
HO.-,
i-.l'L'
'
i;ii;.
I 1 ) 7(1
1
-'77.-.
1 ^
KU'J
1
1171
■ 1 1
1
KMi;
1 1
r,o;!i
1 71'!)
(J
l<i;»7
ici'y
" 1
(iH()
1
My;
« ;
Kiiji;
».')-'.■)
1
1'(.'j:i
1«
i.'i.-fj
i'';77
I.-.7.1
1
l^l-'l
I. '.(17
!>1'7
7lL'
!).Vi
Mill
• 1
■>5il
'' '
1 :.s:,2
J, 1
ll!it..7
In porson the inhahitnntH of Nt'w Briinvtvsick art-
gciu'rnlly tall, wcll-proportiDi) iiiid iitSilctic ; tlioHc
bnrii in the provitico t xcciiIIiik in Htikturo the Euru-
iiiBiis from whom they «rc (k'ncciulcil.
Tilt" following rtTi'iit fcnsiis .if the Stntc of Mnini-,
which ndjoiiis New ltiiin>i\vli.'k anil with whom in
imrticular the hminilAry (|m'siion is in ilirtpiiti, niRy
be iiiii'i'ti'tl tts "f iiitt'n'Ht lit this moment ; —
OmM.t ()/ M linr. — The population of this Htati',
from the cinsus taken in Mnrch Inst, amounts to
47:!, I'll, exclusive of the Miuliiwaskn si'ttli'incnt nml
forcis'iers. In |n:ui, it was li'.i'.i, KIJ, makin;; a ;.'iiin
of 7J,<''M'.' ; aihl to this amount .'I.ItOi) for the Miidn-
wflskrt settltnu'iit, nml ID.Olil) for I'oreiijners not in-
chidt'd in the recent cciihiis, and the Rniii is h;i,',)h'.».
Since IH.'tO, York county has (;aiiuil l',(t7l, (.'umliir-
land T.'iOl, Mncoln •J,h'.»0, KennelHC '.i.hhiI, Oxioid
S,4l*0, Waldo 7,027, Somerset 7,l.'')7, Penobscot
•20,\M, llnnock :\,li.V2, Wnshinston r,,'.ilM. The
population of Somerset is now lU,',)!;.'!. Three coun-
ties only in tlie state have had a greater relntive pnin
thun Somerset ; they are I'enohseut, \Vnshini;ton, and
Waldo. Penobscot lias unined (i I per cent, Wnshini;-
toil 3li, Wnldo LM, and SunuTset JO. — h'riiiii llw I'm-
dioiliirof Jiifij 121, 1^37.
V II. Ri'liirii of tlip Nnmbernf Cliurrlics, l.lvlngs, Itc, of
New llniiiswick, in ls:irt.
^
11
a
Name of I'arUli.
§
1
a
§
^
I
a
'>
■a
■0
11
■^1
£j
5.C
u
9
•a
>
. s
c .^
3'
S.S.
- a
i.%
^. s.
Kri'dcrii'tDn
:ii
a!i7n
Ull U
800
,100
I'niwi' William . .
ir<i
fisfi
nil.
:iii(l :i()
Diiiiilrirs
117
.1711
—
3(lll| .111
H ucMisliiiry
im
lou;
—
2nii (intiif rcpnir
IliillL'llH
i(>/-
a 127
—
(inn 2 in to :inn
Wdoihtoc'k*
i.-..^
11II7
2UU
200
MiuiKcrvillc
351
514
= }
4,10
r so
\ ,1(1
llurlnii
i:ej
I.IJM
(iimtown
177
mill
—
3(10
inn to 150
llampstfuilt
!2N
i:iiK
2.'i0
40 to HO
Wuter'iiirmigh
ii:i
I3;i4
—
30U
1(1(1 to 1,10
CanniiiK
fill
IIM'J
—
2110
(in to luo
Wcslliolcl
144
V27r,
—
:iin
(iiti'iuvich
■«.•.
ll.'lH
—
3un
Killk'^tnllt
02
iKjy
—
:i50
1,10 to :ino
S|jrliii;(ulil .
ii:r
1.1,11
7 10
:ino
80 to 150
Ilaniptnn
i-.':t
a.->.i:i
nil.
(iio
500 to 55n
Nortiin}
77
7Hfl
200
50 to ion
SiissexH
H4g
:ii4:i
—
2nn
lUllto 140
St. Anilrcw's
41)
:i4H7
58 1(1
4110
300
.St. Stepliea's
4.1
2li7;
nil.
linn
301) to fino
St. David
162
1.171
inii II
4(1(1
30 to 1,10
St. JniiH".'
144
!Ci7
nil.
2.111
150 to 220
St. (iinrge's
IKII
•JMi
}"•"{
2in
ir>o
ramfii'lil
:iHii
7f.'
3. in
220
(iraiid iMannnll
711
(i.-.d
1 1(!
25n
,10
linlhiirst
77«
iiijii
nil.
MO
100
Cliathnm
41
•J355
} ' •-•{
3nn
200
(dl'liolg
■J9I
1122
ino
70
Sarkville
Ifill
11170
1:1 in
:inn
70 to ino
Shcdlac
■2M
lUIH
nil.
311 II
(id to inu
Westmoreland
81
111(1
2,'^n| iim
St. Jolui
:)
12(17:1
—
2noo 1201) til 2000
Portland
18(1
4077
20o| jon
I'urlcton fl
—
812
3110' 200
Lancaster
144
1:11.1
—
I5n' 50 tu 1110
.St. Mary's
• 460
15(17
150, 70 to ISO
Uictilbucto
1 147
277s
—
1
Weld ford
' 23fl
~
1
1
There arc not nnv parsonage houses to any of these
cliurches, nor gU■be.^ altaohed.
* 2 chapels. t 1 chapel. t 1 chapel, hiiilrt-
ins will contain 7"0. 5 1 chapel, hnildinu will con-
tain 170, 5M clmpcl, bnildinp will contain 150. J I cha.
I'll, building will riiiitaiu «5. % Included iu St. John's.
The estnblishid church is within the diocese of
the llishop of .Nova Scotia, and under the govern-
inent of an urehdeacon with 2ii clerityinen (thtre ire
".'() churches), to whose sup|iort the Society for
Propu^'MtinK (.'hristian Knowledge Inruely contri-
biiti : of the Kstabli<thi d Church of Scotland there
are live pastors; of the l(omi>h Church, a bisbopand
twelve priests; of the Presbyleriiin Church of Nova
Sciitiu, thiee; of the Wesleyaii Misiioimries l.'i ; and
of the llaptisis Id.
C/iiiirh of Kiiatiiiiil. — The form in which the return
is reipiired, does not admit of a complete return of
the state of the church. Tbere are many conf;ref{a-
tions held in scbuol-houses, and other unconsecrated
biiililin'.;s, at various, and sometimes );reat distances
from the cU r:;ymi'n's residences, without which oc-
cominodiitiiiii, in the pre--(:nt state of the province,
hardly any country parish would lie elfectually served;
of these con^'ieKations a complete statement has not
yet been obtained, hut the returns made for this year
to the archdencoii, specify 47 coit|»reKations, besides
those which meet in churches and chapels, and com-
prize from ;i,.'t(i() to :t,HOO persons. In returniiiR the
value of the livinj;, the fixed income from glelie id
only ^iveii.
'I he income of the clerKyman is in all cases derived
from the Society fir the Propngiitioii of the (iospel in
Forei};!! Parts, and was formerly L'nil/. sterliii);, to
each rector, hut this has been lately suhjected to a
reduction of 'J.'i per cent. The Society's allowance to
the rector of Douglas, is 7,"i/, ; to the rectors of Dum-
fries and Westmoreland, 1(1(1/, each. The curate at
St. John's, 7,'i/. ; the Curate at I'redericton, Kings-
ton, St. Stephen and Chatham, .^()/,eiich.
In ndditiiui to the income derived from the Society,
some clcr'.;yinen have received contributions from
their parishioners, but no complete return for the
year iH.'tii, has been (d)tained. I'robably they have
not much exceeded the amounts reported for 183.^.
The present rector at Portland, who has no salary
from the society, received 1h3/. 10.«. from the people.
The curates noticed in the return, receive as foU
lows from the people : tiist curate at St. John's, IHO/. ;
St, Andrew, 'jot.; Chatham, 4(U. 1().«, ; St. Stephen,
■l,''i/. ; Fredericton, 12,')/. curiency.
Ahslriirt. — No. of livings, 2^> ; rectors, 24 ; curates,
r> ; pursonasie-houses, 13; );lebes, 27 ; churches, 42;
chapels built or buildinp, 9 ; the churches will ac-
commodate I3,4y0; number of persons generally at-
tending;, from ,'>,7iiO to f),0(i() ; to which may be added,
for congrcfiat ions that meet in unconsecrated places,
3,300 to 3,800 ; making a total of attendance as
shewn hy the returns received, from ;»,0(;o to <»,800.
Church of Srntliiiiil. — It may be observed generally,
that this church is rapidly on the increase in the pro-
vince ; up to I h;<o, there were only two churches in
connexion with the Kstablished Church of Scotland,
Now there ore 13 churches supplied by 10 ordained
clergymen, who all occasionally preach to large con-
gregations, assembling in school- houses and chapels.
Besides there are several churches Just now in the
course of creation, and there are a few latelv finished,
which will be shortly tilled up hy ministers from Scot-
land. The gross number of Presbyterians in the pro-
vince cannot he less than 20,000. The average
attendance in the churches at |)resent regularly
served, is at the lowest calculation .'),,'")00. By adding
the congregations assembling occasionally in school-
houses and chapels, this number would be greatly
increased.
The income of the clergymen is chiefly derived from
pew-rents and collection.s. The Colonial Society of
i
i| ij
li
I 'If
f s
1
r ~ —
j]
i ■?
;
!^'
'H
; i ~
1
! !'
'1
rfi!
i
(■'"tl
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
fe
•^ ^>
1.0
I.I
tea 128 |2.5
|S6 1^^ IHy 9 9
iM 111112.0
IL25 ■ 1.4
m
1.6
-1^
Hiotc^raphic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. M580
(716) 872-4503
240
NEW BRUNSWICK.— EDUCATION, CRIME AND GAOLS.
N
Glasgow, has in two or three instances, where the
case was urgent, made a grant of 50/. sterling for
Ui i three years. The Scottish establishment receive no
pecuniary aid from Her Majesty's Government, with
the exception of Ml. from the casual revenue, to one
of the ministers of St. John. A small grant of wil-
derness land only, has been recently made to each
church by the home government.
Wi'slei/an Methodists. — The ministers of the Wes-
leyan Methodists connexion, are supported by volun-
tary contributions, and the Wesleyan Methodists
Society in England. There are 14 missionaries in the
province, 28 chapels, and 73 congregations, with an
average attendance of 9,.''>90.
There are several other denominations of Chris-
tians ; viz. Roman Catholics, Baptists, Independents,
&c., but no returns have been received relative to
them.
VIII. Grammar schools supported by legislative
aid, are in active operation in several districts, and an
excellent college has been established under the pa-
ternal auspices of Sir Howard Douglas ; 6,000 acres
of contiguous excellent land are apjiropriated for the
use of this noble institution, which has the power of
allowing the matriculation of students, without sub-
scribing to the thirty-nine articles, except on taking
degrees in divinity for the Church of England. Schools
on the Madras systf m are established in each settle-
ment, with a legislative allowance of 20/. each ; they
are under the superintendance of the governor and
board of trustees. Several excellent private semina-
ries exist in different parts of the province.
No. of Schools, &c. of New Brunswick, in 1836.— [B. B.]
Name of Parish,
Public or Free
School,
and where
situated.
No. of Scholars.
County or District.
Ma.
Fm.
Total.
Frederickton, in York
King's College,*
l
County.
Grammar school
|25
. .
25
and English
(36
36
schOL.l.
)
St. John, in St. John't
95
95
County.
St. Andrew's, in Char-
30
30
lotte.
Chatham, io Northum-
24
24
bcrlaiid.
Mangcrville, in Sunbury
24
10
34
Kingston, in King's
28 ..
28
County.
Gagetown, in Queen's
27
27
County.
Liverpool, in Kent
Dorchester, in West
morcland.
In every Parish and the
6424
5078
11502
Province.
* This College is endowed by His Majesty's Royal Char-
ter, and receives from H. M's. casual revenue the yearly
sum of 1,000/. sterling, and from the province treasury, so
long as H. M's. grant is paid, the sum of 990/. The College
is also in the receipt of 180/. sterling per annum, arising
from land-rents. This school ia connected with the col-
lege, and is supported out of its funds.
King's College, Officers of the College other than
Professors: the registrar and treasurer, salary 100/.;
steward (including allowance for fuel), 100/.; porter
and beadle (without board), 40/. ; gatekeeper, 10/.;
forrester, 51. ; Monsieur Thomassin, French instructor
to the college and collegiate school, CO/.
Scholarships on the foundation, two ; one for 25/. ;
one for 20/.
Degrees conferred in the year 1836 : five degrees of
Bachelor in arts ; one degree of master in arts.
By Acts of the Provincial Legislature, the grammar
schools at St. John and St. Andrew's, are incorpo-
rated, and 135/. sterling is appropriated frbm the pro-
vincial revenue towards the support of the former
school, and 90/. sterling towards the support of the
latter. By another Act, 90/. sterling are appropria-
ted for the support of a grammar school in each
county in the province, on condition that the inha-
bitants subscribe 115/. for the like purpose. It is
under these Acts that the enumerated schools have
been established.
By an Act of the Provincial Legislature, provision
is made for the support of parish schools, to the num-
ber of seven in a parish, provided that they do not
average more than five to each parish in the several
counties, by a grant of 20/. currency per annum, to
each school ; on condition that the inhabitants erect
a school house, and subscribe 20/. more. In addi-
tion to the schools thus established and endowed by
the Legislature, there are a number of respectable
private schools in which all branches of education
are taught, but as they receive no pecuniary encou-
ragement from government, they have not been called
upon to make any returns of their respective esta-
blishments.
opooxooxoooooroo
C-. :;• ii 05 IO — o to 00
Years
.
to o *. w to i» CO
ooD05it.ioo:ocoa>
'-OCJitOO'CiWOO
o
3. ^
3
2
H- lO ,- H- H- M-
to 00 *i w to J^ w
1
Fm. iTotl.
H- w to IO — to lo
tOO>>— tO*.Oin*>.pfe-
W4-0C*..t^^WtO«O
n
f
2.
o
n>
O
Ul -1 1 1 ^«
?
I- to to to >- to to
tocr>^tOit^ooi*-.i.T
m to — H- t-
0> CO 4^ O -.-1 CO i?i
oo-c^a^cjioctUtnco
g
2 ^
3 9
n
§2.
o
c
3
COOiOH-OiCn*..>-CO
3
<I CO H- H- ^-
otjoii— — oiioaococi
coo^iocoooa^CT>
i
OOOOOOOCTltO*!-
o
n
o'
a
CO
1 00 CO CO to ^ i^k it' 1
3
CO — — toto — .('tnto
^Wv-Oh-OCO*'
i
-JCI'H- pt^tO^Oi^Ti
*>. H- CTl O 10 ^ O lO
No. of
tried Prisoners.
coootON-cntooiCOH-
3
OC ►- »- H-
C-»— *.C0 — tno
to CO ^ CT ili- to CO CO
>- to
1- IO to to " CO —
OitO*.CTiOtoCOOD
ft-
■-1
(,, "*>
o c
<V 1
1 4^ » ^ CT> 4^ CO to 1
p
CO
►-IO>— COC0>-h-COh-
►-«ooc;>iOiti.toc;<oo
5^
1 1 3.2.3.
<c to 1 H- 1 SI p — —
Deatl
IS.
!^
TJ
w'
O
3
5"
3*
a>
O
p
o
•z
W
c
3
n
o
c
o
G
n
p>
n
3"
Name of the
and where sit
King's County
Kingston
Sunbury Gaol,
ton .
Westmoreland
Dorchester
Queen's Count;
Gagetown
Gloucester
Batliurst
St. John's Gao
John
York County
Fredericton
Northumbcrlar
Gaol, Newca
Charlotte Gao
Andrew
Kent County
Richibucto
CarletonGaol,
stock .
Total
X. The CO
latcd to that
(lifl'eringthus
that the Lie
twelve have i
The House
contributed-
four — Count
four; Westr
two each ;
Gloucester, (
since been ir
for about tw
ton, and is
manner alrei
The laws i
minor tribui
three puisnf
eery, vice 8
wills, &c. '
practising ii
at St. John'
public notar
The milit
distributed i
five battalic
3. St. Joht
county, foil
four battal
the grammar
5. are incorpo-
l frbm the pro-
of the former
support of the
are appropria-
chool in each
that the inha-
)urpose. It is
1 schools have
ture, provision
to the num-
it they do not
in the several
er annum, to
labitants erect
are. In addi-
1 endowed by
of respectable
of education
uniary encon-
lot been called
spective esta-
X
o
a
m
3
sr
n>
O
o
n>
to
NEW BRUNSWICK.— CRIME AND GAOLS, GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
Gaols of New Brunswick and Prisoners confined therein In 1836. [B. B.]
241
4J rt "
C 2.C 6/
>■ X c o
No cells!
cxclu.
sivcly
appropri
ated for
sleeping
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
No. of Hrisontrs the
Prison will contain
when more than one
sleeps in a cell.
51
o
2 *•
1
<M
3
a
D
■z
en
•c
V)
■f) -e
a
■■
15
15
o .
a-3
O
it
- ^^
8
4
1
2
27
8
90
3
56
199
Cases of sick-
ness & death.
Name of the Prison
and where situated.
(U
d
2
O
IS
II
X
^^
o -^
I.S
u
12
1
13
. & 1
II
X a
II
■J .a
w
1
2
1
4
CO
Ml.
Fm.' Ml.
Fm.
Ml.
2
18
31
1
13
65
Fm.
9
1
3
13
Ml.
1
5
3
3
1
13
Fm.
Ml.
2
19
3
34
9
Fm.
9
1
3
13
Ml.
5
10
Fm.
King's County Gaol,
Kingston
Sunhury Gaol, Bur- ' "
ton .
Westmoreland Gaol, \
Dorchester . /
Queen's County Gaol \
Gapetown . /
Gloucester Gaol, i
Bathurst . j
St. John's Gaol, St. \
John . . ;
York County Gaol, i
Fredcricton . /
Northumberland i
Gaol, Newcastle J
Charlotte Gaol, St. -i
Andrew . . /
Kent County Gaol, \
Richibucto . J
Carleton Gaol,Wood- 1
stock ... J
• 20
IS
15
8
12
-0 to 80
21
40
20
6
24
8
4
1
2
33
7
87
3
56
9
1
3
7
2
1
2
10
4
63
2
42
9
Total .
201
13
123
9
The average cost of each Prisoner is about 4s. per week.
X. The constitution of New Brunswick is assimi-
lated to that of the other North American colonies,
differing thus far from that of Upper or Lower Canada,
that the Lieutenant-Governor's executive council of
twelve have also a legislative capacity.
The House of Assembly contained 28 members, thus
contributed — City of St. John, two ; county of ditto,
four — Counties, Charlotte, four ; King's, two ; York,
four ; Westmoreland, four ; Queen's and Sunhury,
two each ; Kent, one ; Northumberland, two ; and
Gloucester, one. The number of representatives has
since been increased. The provincial parliament sits
for about two months, during the winter, at Frederic-
ton, and is regulated in its proceedings after the
manner already described.
The laws are administered by a supreme court and
minor tribunals. The former has a chief justice and
three puisne judges. There are also courts of chan-
cery, vice admiralty, and for granting probates of
wills, &c. The number of barristers and attoi-nies
practising in the province are, 1.5 at Fredcricton, 19
at St. John's, and 37 at other stations. There are 50
public notaries.
The militia of the province of New Brunswick is
distributed in regiments, as follows : 1 . York county,
five battalions. 2. St. John City, two battalions.
3. St. John's county, two battalions. 4. Sunhury
county, four battalions. .5. Westmoreland county,
four battalions. 6. Northumberland county, two
battalions. 7. Gloucester county, two battalions.
8. Kent county, two battalions, 9. King's county,
three battalions (with cavalry attached). 10. Queen's
county, two battalions. Making a total of 10 re-
giments and 29 battalions. Each battalion has a
lieutenant-colonel-major; 11 to 15 captains; 15 to
17 lieutenants; 10 to 16 ensigns, and the usual staff.
The strength of the militia in 1836 was, Field ofHcers,
51; captains, 300; subalterns, 580; staff, 90; ser-
geants, 471 ; drummers, 26 ; rank and file, 19,260.
Each regiment is trained three days in the year,
one of which is the general training, or day of inspec-
tion, and the other two are company drills.
The province makes an allowance, for adjutants,
not exceeding each 15/. per annum ; and for sergeant-
majors, a sum not exceeding 11. IQs. per annum each;
for the care of arms, a sum not exceeding 20/. to
each battalion ; and a bounty of 30s. per man, per
month, when embodied for actual service ; but not to
exceed 5/, to each man on the whole. Provision for
the services of the adjutant-general to the amount of
75/. Quarter-master-general, 50/. has been made for
the year 1836. [B. B.J
XI. The revenue of New Brunswick is principally
derived from duties levied on the importation of goods
at the several ports of the province.
In 1820, the gross revenue of the colony was about
30,000/.; in 1825, about 40,000/.; and since 1827,
thus —
'H'PS.i i
1 1
242
fi
li:
if i
NEW BRUNSWICK.— FINANCE.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue of New Brunswick. [B. B.]
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Specific duties on rum, brandy,
gin, whiskey, molasses, su-
gar, coffee, and dried fruits,
horses and cattle, and ad
valorem duties on sundry
merchandize .
19630
19999
22592
36629
25069
32786
31082
30734
514,53
49728
Duties on sales bv auction .
358
14
1213
811
665
700
967
1037
1280
l.')4.'i
Duties on licenses to pedlars.
or itinerant vendors
• •
• •
173
129
10
, ,
. .
124
103
Duties by acts of Imperial Par-
liament received from officers
of his Majesty's customs .
13322
11114
9056
11222
3899
5933
6159
8424
5892
7251
Duties on British manufactures
imported
711
612
313
490
• •
__
• •
6362
, ,
Net light-house duty .
••
• •
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
Total
34024
31740
33347
49284
29645
39421
38209
46559
58755
58627
Casual and territorial revenue, 47,736/. currency ; of which 15,757i. was received for permission to cut
timber on crown lands, and 31,007<. for crown lands sold and leased.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Expendit
ire of N
ew Brunswick.
[B.B.;
1827.
1
1828. 1 1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1830.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Collection and protection of
revenue ....
2946
2129
3305
2426
1884
31,54
2742
3139
3051
3227
Pay and expenses of the Legis-
lature ....
2135
2329
2453
2727
3431
3950
3338
3987
4268
5017
Judicial Establishment
, ,
. .
924
885
573
1085
402
642
755
4K4
Education ....
7749
6651
7371
7347
4710
7429
5856
6649
11072
9940
Bounties ....
3285
4148
5027
6208
4122
7494
4991
3635
289
232
Roads, bridges, &c.
13814
9773
3570
11701
6864
20026
2134
13082
18332
21534
Public buildings .
3201
6983
6396
4011
2571
1441
1746
1116
947
3535
Militia, and apprehension of
deserters from his Majesty's
forces ....
1152
765
1104
1428
474
1500
789
1047
999
910
Packets ai.d Carriers .
243
288
209
252
256
1017
180
380
307
324
Agents for the Province
• ■
, ,
, ,
, .
1151
233
507
302
532
214
Relief of Emigrants, and chari-
table purposes
2315
2277
4937
1478
608
1601
3462
6260
3247
1117
Commutation of quit rents
, ,
• •
• •
. .
• ■
, .
. .
1080
Miscellaneous
1060
3014
1891
1349
••
••
••
••
2928
4798
Total
37903
38360
37250
39876
26647
48940
261.52
40174
46732
52414
Recapitulation of the Establishment in 1836. — Paid
by Great Britain, in sterling money — Ecclesiastical
Establishment, 3001. Paid by the Colony in sterling
money — Civil Establishment, 8,754/. ; Judicial Esta-
blishment. 3,835/. ; Miscellaneous Expenditure, 150/.;
total, 12,739/.
Commissariat in 1836. — Supplies for rations of pro-
visions and forage, 4,677/.; supplies for fuel and light,
1,059/.; miscellaneous purchases, 117/.; transport,
87/.; pay of extra staff, 102/.; military allowances,
304/. ; contingencies, 2.'^3/. ; ordnance department,
3,3,12/. ; ordinaries, 9,483/. ; pay of commissariat,
675/.; special dibbursements, 52/. ; total, 20,105/.
In addition to the above, many officers of the line
and ordnance department have drawn their pay upon
agents in London ; the amount of which cannot be
ascertained by this department. There is no charge
made against the colony, nor do the troops receive
any advantage from the colonial revenue.
A good deal of attention is now being paid to the
formation of roads and bridges. The following was
the distribution of 20.000/. in 1832 : —
Great roads, 10,000/. Cross roads— Halifax, 725/.;
Colchester, 700/. ; Pictou, 760/. , Cumberland, 050/.;
Hants, 744/. ; Kings, 744/. Roads in Cape Mreton,
2,000/ ; Sydney, 705/. ; Annapolis, 77.5/. ; Shelburne,
775/.; Lunenburg, 712/.; Queens, 650/.
Years.
Vl
1B'J2
iH2:i
1H24
ISti.'i
I8'-'(i
•
1827
.
1S2M
29i
182!)
29
I8:l()
28;
1831
301
1832
31'
18113
29i
1S34
37;
1835
S2I
18u6
734
From Elsev
1835.
I83f..
£.
£.
51 4,';:?
4972H
1280
i:)4r,
124
103
5892
7251
58755
58fi27
rmission to cut
1835.
183fi.
£.
£.
3051
3227
42(58
5017
755
4S4
,1072
9940
289
232
8332
21534
947
3535
999
910
307
324
532
214
3247
1117
1080
2928
4798
6732
52414
heir pay upon
ch cannot be
; is no charge
troops receive
g paid to the
following was
lalifax, 725^;
erland, (150/. ;
Cape lirrton,
. ; Siielburnc,
NEW BRUNSWICK.— COMMERCE.
XII. In 1822-3, the total of shipping entering at New Brunswick was about 222,000 tons.
IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OF NEW BRUNSWICK. [B. B.]
243
Great Britain.
West
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Years.
Vnl..€ 'no.
Tons.
Vnl.Jtr
Val.,;6
No.
Tons.
Val. £| No.
Tons.
Val..rf
No. Tons.
1
Val. £
No. Tons.l Men.
1822
781
193104
^
__
120
19790 —
96 9412
997 2223116 —
lK2:t
—
—
—
— —
—
—
—
—
—
—
744 1889U6 —
1824
—
—
—
—
— —
—
—
—
—
—
—
1070 2492.-) 1
—
182S
—
649
1S7421
—
1051
5201.'.
—
—
—
—
146
16950
—
1810 256376
—
182()
—
578
H)7982
—
—
1393
7 1383
—
—
—
—
432
17892
—
2403 257257
—
1827
—
431
125(175
—
—
1214
76781
—
—
—
—
309
32496
—
1951 231952
—
1 828
295.'i26
50!)
150505
60237
162686
2025
124092
123662
617
39402 1470
6
1834
643311
3053 316733
15295
1829
29 IT) 98
477
138295
72773
138527
1737
116374
133976
94
15159, 827
6
1475
638076
2983 24!i754! 14916
ISM)
285871
5()7
168680
92795
165796
2052
121517
146767
1312
59271 1 763
/
1706
693561
3968 351174 18728
1831
301729
470
141952
63595
159285
1435
83442
77476
1006
3I861I —
3
361
603870
2914 257616 13514
1832
314097
559
162941
—
2615.54
1323
86611
123192
998
59783 5216
4
1060
704059
2929 310395 l6l99
1833
295939
452
129O89
64311
192668
1615
105775
136432
829
68.568 1022
6
1460
694,i99
2902 304892 15673
1834
373297 472
137796
707 18
213859
1577
92280
109606
562
46637, 3658
4
868
78116;
2615 277581 14262
18,33
621479 63;
19255S
59801
277879
1712
86892
102839
615
45852 615
15
3589
969860
2979 328895 18189
I8J6
734394
521{
157862
53120
340315
1919
118394
112713
549
56626
S38I
19
4178
1249537
3002 337060
16462
From Elsewhere, value, 1829, 39S{.) 1830, IS7U.) 1831,1735'.; 1833,4227;.; 1834, 10029/. ; 1B3S, 7247'. J 1836, 36l4<.
1822
1823
1824
IS25
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
244753
271238
335132
266247
433584
337594
392347
475809
431229
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF NEW BRUNSWICK. [B.B.]
7991197930 — — 122 19991 — — — — 91 8891
781I220499
1
4.32
612
543
649
640
646
613
654
816
208086
142433
176028
152231
190330
160063
189511
103121
189837
242625
219259
133161 .55802
159388 49096
133460 65568
72629 604 18
— jl"5018
87795; 94077
71451 88125
69602 74312
66773 118225
9I8
1191
1197
1288
1883
1911
1438
1396
1365
1453
1388
1789
40786
71341
81433
83063
124278
112865
85090
96246
102602
91903
79983
108435
18084
26959
30372
I8OI;
30798
29462
20411
24299
29224
211
256
512
383
6I8
625
218
287
318
24441
32516
43152
21127
29332
29289
I9OI8
22077
I867O
6034
698
641
3630
2400
1259
738
1782
4612
203
830
290
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
6
8371
56623
29084
481
404
199
354
184
428
86
166
671
457855
514219
570307
427318
541800
558527
578787
632154
632645
1102 226863
770,198742
1073 226120
1902 J 279636
336230
252970
286015
30942!)
318516
266634
315277
3163110
2326|30086«
2493 344851
2801 347035
273(1
1919
2114
2684
3073
2361
.601
2806
13930
14914
I6776
13317
15912
15975
13544
16193
16059
To Elsewhere, value, 1829, 6840/. ( 1830, 6134/.; 1831,63S7/. ; 1833, 8440/. ^ 1834,6832/.; 1833,6350/.; 1836,2222/.
The shipping of the Port of St. John is thus shewn
for 1836 :—
Number of vessels on the records of registry at this
port and at the out bay of Miramichi, on the 31st
December, 1836 — Ships, 4 ; barques, 38 ; brigs, 39 ;
brigantines, 11 ; schooners, 190; steamers, 8; river
craft, 83 ; tons, 69,766 ; men, 2,879. At the out bay
of Miramichi, 59 vessels, admeasuring 7,064 tons, na-
vigated by 386 men. Total at St. John and Miramichi,
4(;9 vessels, admeasuring 76,830 tons, navigated by
3,265 men.
Number and tonnage of all vessels which have been
employed in the trade coastwise at the port of St.
John, and of the vessels cleared out for the fisheries,
in the year ending 5th January, 1837 — Coastwise:
85fi vessels, ,53,474 tons, 2,558 men. Fisheries : 37
vessels, 1,396 tons, 118 men.
Number of vessels registered at this port and at the
out bay of Miramichi, in the year ending 5th January,
1837 — Ships, 19; barques, 13; brigs, 4; brigantines,
2 ; schooners, 23 ; steam vessels, 4 ; river vessels,
10; total, 75 vessels, 23,010 tons. For owners in
in the United Kingdom, 6 vessels, 1,669 tons. Re-
gistered at Miramichi, 8 vessels, 3,147 tons.
The following is a return of the vessels registered
at St. Andrew's, in the year 1833.— Square-rigged,
34 ; tons, 8,040 ; men, 383. Craft, 90 ; tons, 3,023 ;
men, 219. Total, 124 vessels ; 1 1,063 tons ; 602 men.
In 1830, there were 40 ships, comprising 8,718
tons, built in the province ; in 1831, 48 ships, 7,649
tons; in 1834, 92 ships, 24,140 tons.
A considerable whale fishery is now commencing
hy tlic province. From St. John's there arc several
vessels, averaging 400 tons burthen, each of which
proceed to the Pacific and Eastern Ocean for seals,
sperm, and black whale oil.
Coasting and Fishing Trade for 1832 and 1833.
18,12
1833
Coasting.
I
No.
(100
630
Tons.
33646
34780
IHen.
1430
1628
Fishing.
For Bounty.
Tons.
1280
1015
Men.
720
240
Not for Bounty.
No.
Tons.
Men.
38
1380
120
28
1048
113
The principal Articles of Exports for a series of years.
Years.
Masts and
Spars.
Timber.
Dried, Pickled,
and Smoked Fish.
No.
Tons.
1822
7709
247149
£1827
1823
4609
239406
—
1825
3008
388395
21208
1826
6857
299265
21576
1828
5931
232412
19690
1829
5772
190645
27415
1830
4304
232748
26370
1831
2920
187166
29980
1832
1833
1834
6285
207880
26387
"' I 1
t u
11
,1)
I: i
HI .
I
I
i IS
I
244 NEW BRUNSWICK.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
The whole trade of the province for eight years is shewn in the following Custom House returns ;
New Brunswick Exports for the fullowltiK Years, endini; January Stii.
ABTin.FS.
Square timber .. Idus
Deals and bunrdssup. I'eet
Miinsles
Staves
Masts and spars
Small poles
tiandsplkes
Oais
Latbwood
Tn'iiails
Oats
(ivpsum
Giindsiones
Lime
1828.
1820.
1830.
1831.
nid
pieces
. No.
ditto
ditto
ditto
colds
No
bushels
ton
ditto
hogsheads
llutter and cheese lb
Potatoes . . bushels
Coals . . chaldrons
Horns (cattle) . . No.
Limestone . . toll^
Ilricks .. .. No.
Ashes, pot . . c« ts.
Ditto, pearl .. ditto
Salmon, salted .. bairels
Ditto, ditto .. kits
Ditto, smoked .. No.
Mackarel, salted ham Is
Chad, ditto .. ditto
Cod, ditto .. i|iiinlal>
Ditto, dried .. quintals
Cod toui^iies .. kits
Herrings, ditto barrels
Ditto, smoked . . boxes
Oysters .. bushels
Other llsh, salted barrel
Fish oil .. gallons
Whalebone .. cuts.
Manganese .. ditto
Flax seed . . ditto
10 1088
173;iO
3203
70H'
Ooro
2501
1810
3744
3310
81
9J8
3222
2852
870
ir.l02
1410
00
504
2092
2053
2730
80
4
18414
37
7506
7401
870
5079
2:18006
18321
4075
7II2'
4030
2433
4213
0833
4278
133
10!I3
3200
4001
Oil
11511
2883
133
7100
21)5
1725
2531
2602
23
25
10051
65
9282
4940
7
3010
ioni((2
17018
318-2
452000
5579
2032
1783
8:i83
3430
4000
741
1109
11820
1270
8020
72.')7
70
3526
11 .'SO
2721
5795
1991
16
199
moor
90
12409
5180
2250
19
2196
1832.
232315
I9'203
3036
,30.3277
4i22
28S2
2333
7508
4717
900
170
1784
14137
555
12533
3780
0420
1770
2035
5350
2013
3
03
18442
103
11985
3286
6(!0
4
9202
1833.
18ti913
21782
3411
302307
2920
33 13
1159
5524
3750
4S00
820
2580
10748
328
21913
2719
3
3037
113
2!)0II00
1199
2507
4812
1990
50
171
178ti3
20
22917
9138
444
4
6018
18.14.
137
190
208227
311002
3000 if
280581
4I>'0
5:)03
1504
,'>405
3802
3!I090
tiO
3170
11835
319
12978
819
1,38
11710
598
•l-.'250
602
2917
4897
149-t
291
22
18502
2
18235
14167
4310
73
6695
1833.
1830.
50
184717
30811
.38.')6
480000
4202
3105
1140
8504
3000
14000
44
2124
1393
491
18802
2832
087
11789
640
90000
100000
lOi
632
2131
37(18
1090
74
20224
22.'-i05
10292
1835
16
40976
60
72609
28588
1803
005313
23 18
2!I43
2084
4097
O.'iO
2494S
116
.3291
301
421
2,3571
5100
304
1100
100
12700
20
160
1903
4596
3034
72
15509
35
10928
3349
4,5514
85
1837.
1838.
101322
32 100
1100
73S101
1737
4287
1298
5072
1034
10920
OS
1669
556
47(i
29156
414!)
17
8630
515
12300
88
.3278
!)40l
2632
300
11327
.34071
11579
5483
140404
281
025731
33121'
214:.'
633.'i9li
17.36|
4 9 131
8:io
3560
1023
11030
8
1013
256
803
9296
707
4400
00
3!)000
30
4030
6944
1881
737
12702
407
8451
5880
90910
302Sli
2325
000707
1H31
3177
708
35.17
;"!3
05
249
520
1,340
09
1120
6073
lO.lU
3!«
10279
37
0121!
11015
77013 208797
541 318
* Marked ind3. in the manuscript, and si'^nifying thousands.
XIII. The staples of the province are timber and I to a calculation made in 1833, the value of saw-mills
fish, agriculture being yet in its infancy. According | and mill property in New Brunswick, was —
Counties.
LI
29
30
»
53
10
13
7
6
42
20
Estimated value of all
Mills, iiicliiding all
loiproveriienis— say
Privileges, Site, Sluices,
Laud, Dants, and Piers.
1
Estimated quantity '
of Lim)her sawed at
the Mills during j
the year. !
Estitnateri value of
Lumber when sawed
and carried to
places shipment.
Number of Men
cmployrd logging,
sawing, and bringing
to places of
shipment.
St. John's Comity
Khltr*!! ditto
i6'31,700
14,800
15,500
18,530
0,950
44,350
8,300
0,200
64,500
18,000
11,305,000 feet.
3,705,000
2,920,000
8,803,000
2,650,000
15,600,000
4,500,000
0,200,000
38,033,000
0,000,000
^628,262
9,785
0,050
22,012
0,575
30,800
ll,2.'i0
13,500
99,473
22,500
320
287
105
324
84
800
103
118
1,357
300
Gluk\cester ditto
Wesvmoreland ditto ....
Kpnt ditto
Nortliuiiibeiiaiid ditto ..
Oiipi'n's ditto
Charlotte ditto
York ditto
Grand Total
230
232,030
103,640,000
261,210
3,708
The total quantity of land granted in the colony, is
3,293,88(J acres ; the quantity sold is estimated at
1,000,000 acres; remaining ungiantcd 14,195,054
acres. The average price per acre has been 4i'. cur.
Paper Currency in circulation in A'cic Brunswicit
in 183G. — The paper currency consists of the notes of
the Bank of New Brunswick, the Charlotte County
Bank, the Central Bank, the City Bank, the St. Ste-
phen's Bank, and ths Bank of Frcdericton, and notes
issued by the corporation of St. John ; the average
amount in circulation being about 350,000/.
In December, 1 >*3fi, the state of the Central Bank
of New Brunswick was as follows : — Capital stock
paid in, 25,000/.; bills in circulation, 51,260/.; ba-
lances due to the other banks, lO'J/. ; cash deposited,
including sums not bearing interest, &c. 20,249/.;
cash deposited bearing interest, 9,000/. ; net profits
on hand, 2,328/. ; total, 107,949/. The resources of
the bank were as follows : — Gold, silver, &c. in its
l)anking-house, 13,004/.; balances due from other
banks, 5,341/.; bills of other l)i\nks incorporated in
the province, 2,902/.; real estate, 1,0-^1/.; amount
of all debts due, &c. except balances due from otlier
banks, 85,560/.; total, 107,949/.
Commcrcidl Bunk. — Liabilities and assets for the
iiair year, ending 9th April, 1K3(i. l.ialiilitics ; eajjital.
a
returns
1837.
1838.
muT.i
noDio
nvii
302S0
214.'.
2325
(133M)I
000707
1 7.1(1
In,')!
4i»,'i;t
3177
H.'Oi
7I1S
;t5(i(t
35.17
i
1023
;'';3
)
UOJO
—
<
H
05
»
lOl.')
—
1
250
24!)
i
805
521)
1
1)200
—
1
707
1340
12
—
)
4400
—
}
1)0
—
)
30U00
—
_
__
«
30
!)!)
<
1050
1120
1
»i!)44
00(3
I
1881
III.IU
t
737
3!/8
r
12702
—
Kjjro
I
407
57
)
8451
ni2R
i
58S0
1UII5
1
77013
208707
I
54
! 318
lie of saw-mills
was —
v'uiiibcr 01' Mori
liplnytd IdEsinj,
in<;, uiKl bunging
to |)lact'8 of
slii|)iiient.
320
287
105
324
84
SOU
103
118
1,357
300
NEW BRUNSWICK.— STAPLE PROOnCTS.
24 r>
III
of
stock paid in, 76,359/. ; notes in circulation not
bearing interest, S3, 3:23/. ; notes in circulation bearing
interest, none ; balances due to other banks, ^..'isri/. ;
net profits, 2,'.).">8/. ; cash deposited with the bank, in-
cluding all sums not bearing interest, &c. 121, 2y(W.; cash
deposited bearing interest, H,|(')W. ; total, l'J.'),437/.
Uesources of the Hank. — Gold, silver, &c. in the
hank, 24,493/.; real estate, 2,181/.; bills of other
banks, 12,472/. ; balances due from other banks,
4,.'>('i9/. ; debts due to the bank, &c. lo 1,420/. ; total,
195,437/.
Ch'irMte Uinik in April, 1836. — Amount of debts
due to the corporatiou, 29,011/.; amount of debts
due by the corporation, 3,4()4/. ; amount of notes in
circulation, 17,">12/. ; amount of gold and silver
hand, 2,.')37/. ; amount of debts, 3.")/.; amount
notes of other banks, 4,r)()8/.
State of at)/ Banii, 'AUt Octiilicr, lS3fi.— Bills in
circulation, 23,300/.; net profits on band, 1,.')01/. ;
cash deposited, including all sums not bearing interest,
i:*,708/. ; cash deposited bearing interest, 7,.'>01/. ; ca-
pital stock, 1)0 per cent, instalment paid in, OO.OOO/. ;
total, 91,072/.
Resources of the Bank. — Gold, silver, &c. in the
bank, 10,229 ; real estate, l,97Ci/. ; bills of other banks
in the province, 7,711/.; balances due froui other
banks, r),40fi/. ; amount of all debts due, &c. (J5,749/. ;
total amount of resources, 91,072/.
Gftwral State of the Bank of New Brunswick, 2nil
Mail, 183fi. — Amount due to the bank on account of
notes discounted good, 88,971/. lO.v. 4(/. ; ditto,
doubtful; note. Boon and M'Kac, 33/. (Is.; total,
89,004/. lfi«. 4t/. Amount due from the bank on
account of money dejjosited, 42,(')57/. 8.s\ 8(/. ; ditto of
bank notes in circulation, ,'J0,809/. lO.t. Amount of
gold and silver coin in vault, 28,908/. 9.v. ; ditto funds
in New York and Liverpool, l,r>ii3/. lO*-. \d.; ditto
bills of exchange on hand, .'i.'j.')/. lis. li/. ; ditto notes
of other banks, 20,707/. ; total, C>l,n:>/. 10,<. 2'/.
Amount of sur])lus profits after paying dividends to
1st Apnl, .'i.'-).')/. 3j(. 11(/.
General State of Central Rank, New Brunswick, in
June, 1836. — Due from the bank ; Capital stock jjaid
in, I.-|,500/. ; bills in circulation, 3.),926/. 10s. Ba-
lances due to other banks; Cash deposited, including
all sums whatever due from the bank not bearing
interest, its bills in circulation, profits, and balances
due to other banks excepted, 21,770/. 3s. 4i(/. ; cash
deposited hearing interest, 9,000/. ; net profits on
hand, 1,476/. lis. 4:V(i. Total amount due from the
bank, 83,673/. 4s. 8id.
Resources of the Bank. — Gold, silver, and other
coined metals in its banking house, ,'),824/. Is. 3jd. ;
gold and silver R|)ecially deposited in the bank of New
Brunswick, 10,000/. ; total, l.".,824/. 7s. 31'/. Balances
due from other banks, .'■),187/. 13<. U</. ; bills of other
banks incorporated in this province, 839/. ; amount
of all debts due, including bills of excban'.;e and all
stork and funded debts of every description, except
the balances due from other banks, 00,821/. 7.v. 'M. ;
real estate, 997/. 17s. 2(/. Total amount of resources
of the bank, 83,673/. 4s. H^d.
I'riijiertii annnalli/ created, and if not consumed
turned into ninreahli' or in)niiireiilite Propertij. — Animal
food for 100,000 mouths, 200 lbs. each ))er annum,
at 4(/. per lb. 333,333/. ; fish for 100,000 mouths, l.")0
lbs. each jier annum, at \\d. per lb., 93,7.'iO/. ; bread
and other veget:ibles for 100,000 mouths, at \\d. per
day for each, 4.'")6,2,'')0/. ; butter, milk, cheese, and
esgs for 100,000 mouths, at \d. per day for each,
l,'')2,083/. ; luxuries, viz. wines, spirits, ale, tea, coffee,
sugar, &c. ."tc. for 100,000 mouths, at 3f/. each ))er
day, 4.'')6,2.')0/. ; food for horses, cows, &c. &c. &c.
300,000, at 1/. each, 300,000/.; clothes and furniture
worn out for 100,000 mouths, at 3/. each, 300,000/. ;
domestic manufactures, Jtc. annually produced,
300,000/. ; income from business, or profits on pro-
fessions, 1,000,000/.; waste by fire, loss, bad seasons.
Sec. .'■>0,000/. ; total annual production of jiroperty,
3,441,666/.
Morenlile I'ropertu ■■ Horses, 12,000, at 10/. each,
120,000/.; horned cattle, 90,000, at .■>/. each, 4.'>0,000/.:
sheep, 120,000, at 1/. each, 120,000/.; swine, 80,000,
at 1/. each, 80,000/.; poultry, 7.'>,000/. ; house furni-
ture, itc. 1,000,000/.; clothing and erpiipage, 300,000/.;
macliincry and farming implements, kc. .')00,000/. ;
bullion and cf)in, 30,000/. ; ships, boats, timber, and
other merchandize, 2,500,000/. ; total moveable pro-
perty, .'),17.'>,000/.
Immoreahle Property : Houses, 20,000, at 10/.
each, 100,000/.; saw and grist mills, &c. 2.'>0,000/. ;
arable land, 500,000 acres, at 5/. per acre, 2,500,000/. ;
land occui)ied, hut not untillcd, 3,000,000 acres, at
1/. per acre, 3,000,000/. ; land not granted, 13,000,000
acres, at .Is. per acre, 3,250,000/.; roads, canals,
dykes, bridges, wharfs, &c. LOOO.OOO/. ; forts, gaols,
churches, barracks, Jtc. 500,000/. ; manufactories,
mines, quarries, he. 800,000/. ; total immoveable
property, 11,400,000/.; total moveable and immove-
able property, 16,575,000/.
3,798
51,200/.; ba-
eash deposited,
&c. 20,249/.;
)/. ; net iirofits
e resources of
ver, itc. in its
ue from other
ncorporated in
0<l/. ; amount
ue from other
assets for tlic
litics: cai)ital.
CHAFfER VI.— PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND,
Section L Prince Edward Island (formerly called
St. John's) is situated in a kind of recess or bay of
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between the parallels of
46. and 47. 10. north latitude, and of the meridians
62. and 65. west of Greenwich, bounded on the west
and south by New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, from
which it is separated by Northumberland Strait ; on
the east by Capo Breton Isle, from which it is distant
27 miles, and on the north by the Gulf of St. Law-
rence and Magdalen Islands. The breadth across the 1
strait between Traverse and Cape Tourmentine is only
nine miles. In length Prince Edward Island is about
140 miles on a line through the centre of the terri-
tory ; in its greatest breadth 34 (in some places not
more than 15 miles,) with an area of 1,360,000 acres,
or 2,134 square miles, most favourably situate for
commerce, agriculture or fisheries. Charlotte Town,
the capital of Prince Edward Island, is distant from
the Laud's End in England 2,280 miles ; from St.
John's Newfoundland, ,550; from St. John's New
246
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— GEOGRAPHY.
Brunswick, by sea 360 Cncross Nova Scotia), from
Halifax, by the Gut of Cmiso, 210; (ijy Pictou 140
miles), from Pictou, 40 ; from Miramichi, ll!0 ; from
Quebec, .')80 ; and from Gape Ray, tiic nearest point
of Ncwfoundlnnd, I2.'j miles.
II. This island was discovered by ('al)ot, 24th June
1497, being the tirstland seen after liis di'piiiture from
Nesvfoundland ; it was named by tliis celebrated Na-
vigator St. John, and not being formally clanned or
settled by England, the French seized upon it as a part
of the territory of New Erance or Canada, and in
1663, leased or granted it together with the Magdalen,
Bird and Biron Islands to tlie Sieur Doublett, a cap-
tain in the French navy, to be held as a feudal tenure
of the company of Miscou.
The island remained as a fishing station to the Hieur
and his associates (two fishing companies,) until
after the treaty of Utrecht in 1715, when it began to
be colonized J and in 17.'J8 there was said to have
been 10,000 settlers; but this is doubtful, as the
French Supreme Government at Quebec discouraged
colonization everywhere, except around the strong
fortifications which they had erected in various parts
of their North American dominions.
In 1758, on the capitulation of Louisbourg, Prince
Edward Island, which liad formed the granary of that
fortress, was taken possession of by the English.
At the conclusion of the peace in 1763, on the
arrangement of the conquests made from France, this
island, together with Cape Breton Isle, were annexed
to the government of Nova Scotia. A great number
of the Acadian French on the island were still so hos-
tile to the English that they were included in the
order to remove those of Nova Scotia, a large num-
ber were in cons'.'quence shipped off to the neigh-
bouring continent ; to the South colonies, and to
France ; in which latter place they were ill received
and upbraided for their continual hostilities which
had led to the total extinction of the French domi-
nion in North America. Prince Edward Island was
included in the general survey of the British empire
in America in 1764, and which the commencement of
the first American war put a stop to on the continent.
The survey of the island being completed in 1766,
various schemes for its cultivation and settlement
■were proposed ; amongst others, the Earl of Egmont,
then first Lord of the Admiralty, proposed settling it
on a feudal plan (his lordship being lord paramount,)
with a certain number of baronies to be held of him ;
each baron to erect a castle or stronghold, to main-
tain so many men at arms, and with their under-te-
nants to perform suit and service according to the
custom of the ancient feudal tenures of Europe. Upon
the rejection of the Earl of Egmont's impracticable
scheme, it was determined to grant the whole island
to individuals on certain conditions prescribed by the
then Board of Trade and Plantations ; but the number
of applications being so great, it was thought proper
that the dift'erent townships should be drawn by way
of lottery, which was accordingly done with the ex-
ception of two townships, (these were Nos. 40 and
69, then partly occupied by a fishing company with
the consent of government) some tickets being a
prize of a whole township, others half, and others a
third ; many of the fortunate holders being officers
of the army and navy, who had served during the
preceding war. The conditions of settlement were —
26 townships (each township contains about 20,000
acres) to pay (>s. per annum for each 100 acres; 29
ditto to pay 4s. for ditto; and 11 townships •J.n. (or
ditto ; and the grantees were to settle their Innds in
the proportion of one settler to each 200 acres, within
ten years from the date of their grants, otherwise tlu>
same were to be void.
The mandamuses to the Governor of Nova Scotiii,
(to which the island was then annexed) issued for each
township, to the holders of the fortunate lottery
tickets, under the King's sign nmnual, boar date for
the greater part, August 1767 ; and thus, with excep-
tions scarcely worthy of note, the whole island con-
taining i, 360,000 acres, was given away in onr. day.
[For an account of the effects resulting from this
arrangement, see Colonial Lihrnry, vol. vii.]
III. The general appearance of Prince Edward
Island, is extremely picturesque, though destitute of
those bold, and in many instances, romantic features
that characterise several parts of the adjacent conti-
nent; in general the surface rises as in New Bruns-
wick, into gentle undulations, without any abso-
lutely flat country, but no were reaching the elevation
of mountains ; the principal high lands being a chain
of hills, traversing the island nearly north and south
from De Sable to Grenville Bay ; with this exception
there are few inequalities to interfere with the ordi-
nary agriculture, to the pursuit of which even a sailor
is attracted, by the rich verdure which clothes the
country to the water's edge.
The island is divided into three counties. [See
Colonial Library, vol. vi.]
IV. Prince Edward Isle is a pastoral country,—
neither limestone, gypsum, coal nor iron have yet
been discovered, but in many places the earth and
rivulets are deeply impregnated with metallic oxides ;
the soil is in general a light reddish loam — in some
places approaching to a tolerable strong clay — in
most districts more or less sandy, but where the latter
inclines to a dark colour, it is very fruitful. Red clay
is a reddish sandstone, but occasionally, at intervals
of several miles, a solitery block of granite is met
with ; in fact, the whole island seems to have been
left dry in latter ages by the waters of the gulf of
St. Lawrence, which are evidently continually on the
decrease.
V. The climate is neither so cold in winter nor
so hot in summer as that of Lower Canada, while
it is free from the fogs which rush along the shores
of Cape Breton and Nova Scotia. People 100 years
of age, without ever knowing a day's sickness, are
numerous in the island.
VI. We have no correct estimate of the progressive
increase of the population ; when taken from the
French the island is supposed to have contained 6,000
Acadians, a great number of whom were afterwards
removed, as stated under Nova Scotia. Scotchmen
form more than one half of the whole population ;
those from the Hebrides are best suited to the island.
The Acadian French are estimated at about 5,000 ;
but of the Mic-mac, or native Indians, once so nume-
rous, there are probably not more than :-!0 families
on the island. In 1802, the number of inhabitants
was, males, 10,644 ; females, 10,007 ; total, 20,671.
In 1822, males, 12,140; females, 12,460; total.
24,600. In 1825, males, 14,140; females, 14,4^0;
total, 28,600. The two last censuses were as follows,
viz. — Census of the Population taken under the au-
thority of the Acts George IV, cap. 7, A. D. 1827;
and William IV. cap. 7, A. D. 1833.
.2-E
1
1 § ' IhnhM
H^jU; yrsi
1
111
2
51
3
25
4
50
5
60
6
41
7
22
8
25
9
12
10
10
11
50
12
29
13
72
14
107
15
171
16
114
17
228
18
174
19
208
20
193
21
102
22
52
23
144
24
289
25
103
20
111
27
117
28
246
29
141
30
49
31
90
32
187
33
141
34
340
35
87
36
105
37
99
38
76
39
93
40
112
41
72
42 1 96 1
43
HI
44
114
45
129
46
54
47
186
48
116
49
241
50
215
51
48
52
47
53
71
54
36
55
102
56
162
57
273
58
167
59
75
CO
86
61
48
62
94
63
60
64
118
65
223
66 1 17
67 ; 29
7509
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— POPULATION in IR27 and 1S33.
247
Males in 1833.
Undtr I From
u; yrs. ICtofiO
1
111
107
2
51
35
3
25
24
4
56
38
5
60
58
6
41
26
7
22
23
8
25
24
9
12
7
10
10
8
11
56
34
12
29
49
13
72
75
14
107
72
15
171
124
16
114
95
17
228
199
18
174
176
19
208
178
20
193
137
21
162
132
22
52
52
23
144
132
24
289
245
25
103
74
26
111
110
27
117
77
28
246
22V
29
141
149
30
49
33
86
48
94
60
118
223
17
29
7509
84
207
123
275
191
118
105
83
77
113
76
68
106
119
133
68
183
135
190
206
43
53
110
23
73
105
249
135
93
75
59
84
63
151
200
10
39
60 and
upwards.
Total.
Females in 1833.
Under
16.
6945
9
1
1
4
2
2
2
1
4
8
8
8
4
17
14
3
10
17
8
9
13
5
20
12
22
18
2
7
13
19
28
58
12
10
12
4
13
12
15
9
11
6
5
14
14
21
20
2
2
8
3
13
10
25
13
10
8
7
14
4
9
17
G75
227
87
50
98
118
69
47
51
19
19
94
78
155
187
303
213
444
364
389
340
311
112
285
547
182
241
206
495
308
84
181
407
283
643
336
235
214
171
174
238
160
179
226
224
268
127
383
265
452
441
93
102
189
62
188
277
547
315
178
169
114
192
127
278
440
27
71
138
47
31
36
52
39
29
27
5
7
32
29
56
104
148
106
197
197
191
175
158
56
144
265
97
101
89
224
148
51
81
185
122
324
150
104
84
60
74
86
71
84
132
114
122
72
180
126
218
209
40
72
60
31
82
125
286
140
69
84
62
81
73
119
197
13
26
1 6 and
upwards.
Total.
15129 7137
94
39
20
35
43
23
23
22
9
10
37
20
64
76
24
90
194
192
157
140
142
53
119
190
70
113
79
204
119
24
86
182
116
303
171
113
106
91
82
84
87
95
115
126
112
66
192
124
188
207
38
44
70
28
92
114
266
135
78
83
55
83
56
131
183
10
22
o 4; c3
■g S ii
1827.
6C59
232
86
51
71
95
62
52
49
14
17
69
49
lliO
IHO
272
196
391
389
348
315
300
109
263
455
167
214
168
428
267
75
167
367
238
627
321
217
190
151
156
170
158
179
247
240
234
138
372
250
406
416
78
116
130
59
174
239
552
275
147
167
117
164
129
250
380
23
48
13796
459
173
101
16'»
2 1 3
131
99
10(1
33
36
163
127
275
367
575
409
835
7.^3
737
655
611
221
548
1002
349
455
374
923
575
159
348
774
521
1270
657
452
404
322
330
408
318
358
46.^
46^
502
265
755
515
858
857
171
218
319
121
362
516
1099
590
325
336
231
356
256
528
820
50
119
Males.
28925
148
72
28
50
64
78
31
21
14
21
64
67
116
167
225
184
367
385
261
222
245
57
114
360
121
199
118
379
220
45
105
299
180
448
238
143
240
139
174
123
143
132
161
165
126
99
323
219
338
341
6
93
146
31
153
207
282
247
132
100
106
142
99
174
290
2
Females. Total.
10644
135
61
22
42
58
58
28
18
12
21
58
2")
95
166
211
147
349
328
230
183
212
49
121
362
124
175
96
341
182
51
124
309
136
437
222
133
193
148
154
101
126
133
174
230
137
117
302
204
333
304
6
97
114
33
136
188
275
217
108
103
92
120
74
176
281
2
10007
283
133
50
92
122
136
59
39
26
42
122
92
211
333
436
331
716
713
491
405
457
106
235
722
245
374
214
720
402
96
229
608
316
885
460
276
433
287
328
224
269
265
335
495
263
216
625
423
671
645
12
190
260
64
289
395
557
464
240
203
198
262
173
350
571
4
20651
176
40
51
77
91
40
61
7
41
35
64
34
139
78
119
40
246
250
154
115
313
280
104
81
160
203
173
63
119
166
205
385
197
176
35
2
184
49
93
128
239
49
130
92
187
212
159
28
59
57
73
121
542
126
85
133
33
94
83
178
249
46
m^.
'*ii
1
*jifl
'' 8
|l
m
•;
'1
f-i|
1
v'l
8274
24R
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— POPULATION, RELIGION.
I C 1
1 1 •?;
Males in 1H33.
Females in 1833.
=1
1827.
|s
II
<£1
" d
22
cs a
1
1|
1
1
i
1
% o
"^
'•i-*
3
7i:<7
4 :',(•,
3
(h
Drought forward
i:m
r,94,')
f.7,')
IT) 1 29
6 6, 09
13796
28925
10644
10007
20651
8274
Charlotte Town
431
.'524
17
972
.').57
993
196r>
827
822
1649
2 If.
Charlotte Town Royalty .
KiH
IT) 2
15
.lO.'i
130
141
271
576
233
191
424
152
George Town .
9
22
. .
.TI
13
1,'j
28
69
George Town Royalty
t>h
41
1
97
48
40
88
185
81
75
156
29
Prince Town .
4
H
. .
12
1
3
4
16
Prince Town Royalty
128
109
5
242
11,^
101
216
4. OS
159
155
314
144
Boughton Island
fi
10
16
13
10
23
39
14
22
36
3
Panmure Island
3
4
i
4
7
11
18
6
6
12
6
Rustico Island
4
-t
4
3
3
1
St. Peter's Island .
10
U
!.'>
8
5
13
28
9
12
21
7
Governor's Island .
4
5
1
10
5
7910
4
9
19
Grand total
8297
7829
714
16840
7.')42
l.')4.'J2
32292
1197C
11290
23266
8832
Census in 1836
. [B.
B.]
IS
a
2«i
Whites.
County, District, or
ti
pula
to til
1. m
Total.
Parish.
(A
o .
Male.
Fern.
King's county
f>\M
11
4218
3864
8082
Queen's county .
;48i
lb
fififir.
f)2(l3
12868
Prince county
TiH
11
4145
3724
7869
Charlotte Town .
}••*
231 {
972
993
1965
Charlotte Town Royalty
305
271
676
George Town
}6i
40 {
31
28
59
George Town Royalty
•ill
88
185
Boughton Island
i
29
16
13
29
Panmure Island ,
n
18
7
11
18
Rustico Island .
s
3
4
4
St. Peter's Island
n
25
15
13
28
Governor's Island
h
9
10
9
19
Prince Fort Town
)H
79 {
12
4
16
Prince Fort Royalty ,
242
216
458
Total and Average .
2144
152
16739
15437
32176
With the exception of Charlotte Town, nearly all
the inhabitants of the island are employed in agricul-
ture. The number of persons employed in commerce
are about 1,000.
By a Colonial Act 11th George IV, c. 5, all persons
solemnizing marriages are required to return ccrtifi-
cates thereof to the surrogate of the island, within six
calendar months from such solemnization. Those
so recorded in the surrogate's office this year were
— the number of marriage licenses issued by tiie
Lieutenant Governor, as ordinary, were 90.
VII. The established religion of the colony isEpis-
copalian. A large number of the inhabitants are of
the Kirk of Scotland, or Romish faith, and there are
several Missionary establishments.
Return of the Number of Churches,
Livings,
&c. of Prince Edward Island, 1836. [B. B.]
f Per-
hurch
n.
Per.
erally
Chapels,
WTiether
Name of Parish,
c'C
Value
°"E
° g si
and number of
c la
Protestant or
S-n
&g
and In what
r v^
a. oi
of
Number
sons the
will con
s§i.s
Persons they
i! !>L.S
Roman
rt
.So.g.
County or District,
Living.
Numb
sons
attend
will contain.
Numb
sons
attend
Catholic.
0.2
Disser
places
Worsh
Charlotte Parish,
6108
200
400
300
two chapels,
l
1 Wesleyan
1 Rom. Cath.
Queen's Couuty.
each will con-
tain 3U0.
}■■{
}«
3
Richmond Parish,
2461
200
212
140
four cliapels,
560
Roman Cath.
3
2
King's County.
capable of con-
taining 850.
Grcnville Parish,
2000
nil.
300
40
one chapel,
50
Roman Cath.
nil.
2
Queen's County.
lot 20.
3
II
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
13
44
45
46
48
49
50
51
56
57
58
59
60
61
64
Besides these, there are two churches of the Esta-
blished Church of Scotland ; one in Charlotte Town,
capable of containing 500 ; 200 generally attending ;
and one at Belfast, capable of containing 500 ; 300
generally attending; besides Baptists' and other
meeting-houses, of which no correct accounts can be
obtained. There is no glebe attached to any of these
churches.
vin,
PRINCE EDWARD ISI.AND.— EDUCATION, CIUMF, AND (iAOI.S
The state of instruction in 1H33, is titus siicwn
219
232CC 8832
Pown, nearly all
oyed in ugricul-
cd in commerce
Number
of
Townaliips.
3
11
12
13
14
15
IG
17
18
19
20
21
25
26
?7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
13
44
45
46
48
49
50
51
56
57
58
59
60
61
64
65
66
67
Number
of
Schools.
1
I
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
2
2
4
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
i
1
1
1
65
74
Nii..iher of Scholars.
Males.
17
ir>
11
12
14
38
29
32
34
24
13
21
39
24
18
4
78
23
14
11
22
41
69
18
2
20
35
18
13
15
17
32
14
30
16
32
7
17
46
34
23
16
18
1227
133
24
80
237
1464
Females.
7
4
12
6
10
21
22
33
27
14
14
9
35
18
9
5
48
26
14
12
27
22
46
9
2
16
13
15
2
1
3
10
6
20
9
16
2
7
25
18
12
7
7
641
99
16
56
171
812
Tlu; humbor of prlviifi" schools nri- about 40.
By tt I'rovincial Act, Ith Will. IV, cup. 1, for the
encourngoment of nlucatioii, the nuisters of all (lis .
trii't scbdiils, having piis^i'd tlio luci's^ary examina-
tion, bffore a board establisluil fur that purpose, are
eutitlt'd to receive from goveriiinent an annual allow-
ance, varying from 5^ to 20/., according to their
several ((ualiHcations.
IX. The state of crime in the colony, is thus
shewn. There are three gaols ; viz. Queen's County
Gaol, situate in Charlotte Town ; King's County
Gaol, situate in George Town ; and I'rincc County
Gaol, situate in St. Kleanor's. No return has been
made for the two last-nameci gaols, but the return
of the first, viz. Queen's County, is as follows : num-
ber of prisoners the prison is capable of containing in
separate cells, 10; ditto, when more than one pri-
soner sleeps in one cell, HO ; total number of prisoners
who have been in gaol throughout the year, male,
1 12, female, H ; total 120. Number of debtors, male,
C)^> ; female, nunc. Number of misdemeanors, male,
3H ; female, 3. Numberof felons, male, 9 ; female, 5.
Number of tried prisoners, male, 12; female, 8.
Number of untried jirisoners, male 3."); female, none.
Cases of sickness and death — cases of sickness in the
year, 6 ; greatest number of sick at one time, 2 ;
deaths, 1.
There is one public school in Charlotte parish,
Queen's County, supported by a grant from the colo-
nial government of 300/. currency. There are two
schoolmasters receiving 150/. currency each. There
is also one free school, having ten male and eight
female scholars, who are taught on the Lancastrian
system ; the government make a grant of 25A and
lOi. annually for its support. The schoolmaster re-
ceives 25/. annually.
K K
o
c
•-t
3
00
o
00 •/ X X ao 00 00 00 00
-> i;. 4. W IC — O O "JO
Years.
"- O W W O ~1 — •
IC O O O 'JO 3 .-I
i ^
<2 2.
00 • — ►- ^ w • •
3
to O W CO — -I — •
O O — — -' iJ -I
O^
O 3% 00 00 ^1 1.S ^ •
CI O O O O O 00
5<
p
o
i
o
<2
::__:: : :
!?
04 o> X X --1 to ^ •
Oi O ■— — "J' O X
t
W W Oi V w w w •
X O O O W -T ti
S
2;
3 P
p) O
1
Cj . . . ^ . . .
3
*- W O -Ji *. w w .
>- O O O O Oi to .
t
to o> Oi W H-
WOOOWIO ^>-
3
n
?
... . . Ti
vt • • • -J w • ■ g
of Fe
« to :;' in *. •- o
o
^ H- ,b. «. to .U W
UIOOOOO -JW
o
No. of tried
Prisoners.
X • • • *. • • •
►11
3
to ^^ i(^ iC^ to >«>' Cd
^
c
W £. Ui in to "-
tn O O O VI O lO "
"0 p
• • • • Cn • • •
3
w *. oi m CO >—
oiooooo to —
I
^ S. 2. 2. E. 5. 5. 3,
Des
iths.
3
n
a
o
TJ
s'
o
to
W
c
p
o
c
o
c
n
n
' -"pi
I'RINCK KDWARl) ISLAND.— GOVKRNMF.NT, MII.ITAEIY ANU FINANCK.
\. I'liiici' KdwBid lulnntl has its own IJiMitciiBnt-
guvtriior, CJdunc'il, and liuust' of A8g(>nil)ly, conxti-
luted after the manner deserihiil in the preeedinn
chapter*; its military protection in under the con-
trol of the Nova Scotia Connnander of the Forces.
The Council comtists generally of nine miinl)erH
a|>pointi(l by the Kint;'it mulidiuniiH ; and t!'e lloiiHe
of Asscndily of eighteen meinliers, electeil by tlie
pe»)ple as in the otiier ciilonies — four for each county,
and two for each of tlie town.s of Charlotte, (ieor);e
and I'rince town.s. The form of procedure it that of
the Hritish I'nrliament. The Kxecutive and Legisla-
tive Council consists of nine members, including tin
Bishop of Novii Scotia, Surveyor-Cienerul, Attorney.
General, Colonial 'I'reasurer, Town-major, Collector
of Custom.sand Imposts (tc. The re is a Court of Chan-
cery regulated after that of Westminster, over which
the Governor presides; and the jurisprudence of thr
colony is managed by a Chief .lustice. The laws arc
Knglish. The militia couiints of a troop of cavalry
in each county, two compunies of artillery, and 1 1
regiments of foot ; the whole comprizing ;JJ9 olli-
cers, and 4,.')'t.'i nun-commiHsioued olliccrs and rank
and (He. The regular troops are diriveil from Novn
Scotia, and consist of (jne Captain, one Subaltern, aiuj
rank and tile, relieved every yiar from lliditax.
XI. The tlrst revenue r.ttenipted to be levied lur
the support of the government, as before stated, wus
the (piit-renfs; these failing in their extent, a Par-
liamentary grant was applied for and obtained.
The revenue of the islauil in \h2\, was U.oyil. ; m
iHliJ. :i,:tll/. ; in lH2a, •.',() 1 '.»/.; in iHiiJ, 2,().")ii/. ;
in 1HJ'>, 2,47'.)/.; in IHjii, 4,y;J.5/. ; and since tluu
the iuconie has been thus : —
Revenue.
|H2«
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Impost by Permanent Colonial Le-
2147
2165
2225
2019
2934
1806
2049
1616
15k1
gislative Knactments on Wines
and Spirits.
Impost by two Annual Colonial
13f)0
1203
1900
2028
2640
1699
2006
2687
30yl
Legislative Knactments on Wines,
Tea and Tol)acco, Molasses, &c.
Ad valorem duty of 24 per cent, on
. .
, .
, .
, .
1156
1097
1044
2120
34.14
certain Goods, Wares and Mer-
chandize.
Land Assessment
, ,
• .
, .
, ,
1305
1264
1285
1271
Licenses to retail Spirituous Liquors
262
230
207
187
233
271
264
258
263
Duties to be applied towards sup-
78
125
92
105
79
69
163
140
1,53
port of Lighthouses.
Post Office
17.5
203
167
250
265
294
292
400
349
Interest on bonded duties
27
185
40
248
151
118
263
42
87
Issue of Treasury Notes .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
4.1 00
..
, ,
, ,
Rent of Warren Farm
, ,
, ,
2.'i
25
25
, ,
25
50
25
Rent of Hilboro' Ferry
. ,
27
62
45
54
20
55
Wharfage
.
. .
. •
34
59
62
51
Parliamentary Grant
2H20
2820
•2820
2820
2820
2820
2820
3lL'0
307(1
Incidental Revenue
32
22
50
71
325
133
322
116
(<2
Total
C905
698:!
7.^29
7820
10678
14205
10597
134;2
11957
The following documents shew the items of receipt
and expenditure for the year 1833 ; —
Receipts at the Treasury for 1833. — By balance in
the treasurers' hands, 9,268/. ; by impost duty for past
year as under, — Charlotte Town, 3,935/. ; Richmond
Bay, 23/. ; Bedeque, 192/.; Cascumpec, 28/ ; Three
Rivers, 225J ; Trvon and Crapaud, 1/ ; St. Marga-
ret's, 17/. ; Port Hill, 75/. ; New London, 89/. ; Col-
ville Bay, 200/. ; Belfast, 193/. ; St. Peter's, 84/. ; total,
5,068/. Light duty, 77/ ; tavern and retailer's of
spirituouslicp-or, licences, 301/. ; hawkers and pedlar?,
8/.; gross receipts at post office, 327/.; fines and
penalties, 70/. ; rent of Hillsborough ferry, opposite
Charlotte Town, 61/.; assessment under Road Com-
pensation Act, 70/. ; wharfage, 38/. ; from securities
of late treasurer, 51/. ; one year's land assessment,
1,450/.; interest received on bonds, 131/.; treasury
notes received from commissioners, 5,000/. ; total,
21,952/.
General Abstract. — 1833, Jan. 5th., to amount of
treasury notes in circulation at this date, 1 1 ,500/ ;
Dec. 13th., further issue of treasury notes under Act
3 Will. IV., c. 13, 5 000/.; total, 16,500/. 1834,
Jan. 20th., by balance in the hands of the treasurer
u above, 8,165/. ; by balance due by the sureties of
the late treasurer, 339/. ; balance, 7,09 1/. ; total,
16,500/.
Ejpendit lire for 1833 — Roads and bridges, 3,515/.;
schools, 674/.; agricultural societies, 200/.; crown
prosecutions, &c. 334/.; crown officers' lees, 80/.;
inland mails, 199/ ; foreign mails, 436/.; militia,
72/.; annuities, 56/. ; destroying bears and loupcer-
viers, 64/. ; coroners and jurors' fees, 65/. ; house of
assembly, 972/. ; legislative council, 204/.; executive
council for salaiy of messenger, &c. 40/.; colonial
secretary's and lieutenant-governors' fees, 344/. ;
printing and stationery, 428/. ; market-house, 38/. ;
sheriiTs allowance and gaol expenses, 264/.; extra
work work on Poplar Island Bridge, 80/. ; forming a
census, &c. 188/.; Ellis River Hards, 65/.; repairs of
Hillsborough ferry-house, 24/. ; advance for building
government-house, 1,400/.; advance for building an
academy, 600/. ; building court-house and gaol in
Prince County, 240/. ; ditto in King's County, 287/.;
drawback, 9/. ; commissioners for issuing treasury
notes, 60/. ; printing treasury notes, 95/. ; public sur-
veys, 134/.; salary of colony agent, 136/.; ditto of
collector of impost, Charlotte Town, 260/. ; ditto oi
sub-collector of customs, 170/.; ditto of treasurer,
500/. ; advance for a new block for Charlotte Town
Wharf, 500/. ;
tic«, 89/. ; assii
•alary of wharll
of government
Georgetown w
33/. ; LieuteiiH
houses, 40/.
balance, 8, 1 65/
The experulil
slilerably to exi
amount being
was contemplu
last session, aix
to meet the exj
Cor
Sep
E)
Kxpense of Ci
Hoatis an<l Hi
Public Buildin
House of Assi
Legislative C(
Kxecutive Coi
Schools
Crown Prosoc
Crown Officci
Services.
Mails
Coroner's and
Public Printin
Colonial Secre
Sheriff's Allow
sale.
Grants to Agri
Obtaining a C
Information
Printing Treai
centage to C
Public Survey.'
Salary of Cole
Premium on
Compensation
and repairin
Annuities and
Rewards for ki
cerviers.
Drawbacks
Rent of Goveri
Grant to Lieut
Expenses in (
regulations.
Furniture for
House.
Expense of Ele
Contingencies
Ordinary Milit;
Treasury Note
3 Will. IV. c
Miscellaneous
Rernpitutation
hy Great Britain
ment, 2,240/.;
ilnncp of till'
Till' Inws iirr
)li 1)1' tavnlry
llcry, and 1 1
iiK 3J'J olVi-
rs nnd rniik
i| I'loin Novii
iihnltorn, niij
iililax,
1)1' luvii'il fur
I' stated, was
xtiMit, a I'.ii ■
iiitit'd.
« 2,or)2/. ; III
12 », 2,0."pL'/. ;
U sinci' tliiii
15.
1836.
£.
16
15)41
H7
30'J1
20
34;u
S5
1271
58
2C3
40
153
00
349
42
87
50
25
!.')
52
51
.'0
3070
IT)
H2
;2
11957
I'RINCt: KDVVARI) ISLAND— FINANCK.
ssr
91/.; total,
1kcs,3,.'').Jo/.;
00/. ; crown
fees, HO/.;
61. ; militia,
nd loupcer-
/. ; house of
executive
)/. ; colonial
fees, 34U;
louse, 38/. ;
264/.; extra
forming a
repairs of
for building
building an
and gaol in
uiity, 287/.;
iig treasury
public sur-
/. ; ditto of
:)/ ; ditto of
treasurer,
:otte Town
Wharf, 5U0/. ; road compensation Kraritcd, 77/. ; Inna-
tic8, 89/. ; asiNayer of weiKbts and iiieaiureK, 15/.;
aalary of wliartinKcr, 10/ ; I'rincuTown wharf, 9/. ; rent
of Kovernment house, 150/.; advance for buildinK
Georgetown wharf, .'!()/. ; refunded to J. Stewart,
33/.; Lieuteiiant-Rovernor Younx, 3011/.; repairing-
houseit, 40/.; contingencies, 201/.; total, 13,759/.;
balance, 8,16.^/. ; grand total, 21,925/.
The expenditure of the past year thus appears con-
siderably to exceed that of any former year, the total
amount being 13,759/. <).«. 5i(/. ; this great increase
was contemplated by the House of Assembly at its
last session, and an issue of treasury notes was made
to meet the expenditure which was occasioned by the
appropriations for the erection of the New C-jvcrn-
uient Mouse, Academy, nnd other Public Huildingi,
tr)gether with a larger amount thiui usual for the ser-
vice of Konds and Uridges, ami for additions to the
wharfs at Charlotte Town and (Jeorge Town, but in
malting such additiotial a|)propriations a Uevenue to
ri'deem that issue of Treasury Notes was anticipated,
and will be derived under the Act levying an assess-
ment on land. There is a very great deficiency in the
amount of revenue derived from imposts, which can
only be accounted for from a falling off in our exports,
occasioned by the failure of our agricultural produce
for the two last years, and from the advanced pricei
of foreign articles.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Kxpenditure of Prince Kdward Island. — [B. H.]
Separate Heads
r.xi
)enuitur
e m t'oi
inus »te
rung UL
iring Ye
ars
of
Expenditure.
1828.
1829.
IH.-O.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
£.
C.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Expense of Civil Kstablishment .
2960
2960
2960
2960
3194
3868
38H6
4294
4514
IJoads and Bridges
1623
1455
1320
1H97
2357
3190
2019
1818
2002
Public Buildings nnd Wharfs
, ,
. ,
843
785
2949
2H05
1233
893
lloMse of Assembly
235
301
368
658
878
875
643
1027
K97
Legislative Council
• •
. •
183
152
214
193
Executive Council
* ,
107
. .
. *
134
147
Schools
334
365
312
321
483
560
625
61.-,
409
Crown Prosccutiona
232
179
176
249
222
301
421
430
209
Crown Officers charges in other
. .
, ,
• ■
• •
. .
72
51
34
43
Services.
Mails
289
327
350
342
205
572
■226
896
1032
Coroner's and Jurors fees
. .
. .
. .
. .
58
19
40
19
Public Printing ond Stationery .
194
213
203
235
275
385
404
616
249
Colonial Secretary's fees
78
63
118
54
104
310
242
—
—
SherifTs Allowance and Expense of
. .
86
262
131
117
201
182
—
—
sale.
Grants to Agricultural Societies .
. .
180
108
—
—
Obtaining a Census and Statistical
• .
. .
169
—
—
—
Information.
Printing Treasury Notes, and per
102
18
140
67
—
—
centage to Commissioners.
Public Surveys
31
23
24
53
54
120
9
—
—
Salary of Colony Agents, including
100
120
122
122
—
—
—
Premium on Bills,
Compensation under Act for malcing
56
69
106
—
—
and repairing roads.
Annuities and grants to lunatics .
36
31
36
61
87
130
142
—
—
Rewards for killing Bears and Loup-
..
..
..
57
15
—
—
cerviers.
Drawbacks
73
58
8
21
—
—
Rent of Government House
.
135
90
135
45
—
—
Grant to Lieut. -governor
..
..
270
—
—
—
Expenses in enforcing Quarantine
180
139
—
—
regulations.
Furniture for New Governor's
900
—
—
House.
Expense of Elections
• .
..
80
22
—
—
Contingencies
314
276
268
249
153
202
2.50
—
—
Ordinary Military Disbursements
131
114
150
116
104
65
67
—
—
Treasury Notes cancelled by Act
• •
900
900
3 Will. IV. cap. 13.
Miscellaneous
286
1583
1820
1342
750
••
••
1585
1774
Total . .
6749
7984
8550
10023
10431
15202
13578
13841
13288
h . '1
. f
Rerapitulation of the Estahtinhment in 1836. — Paid
by Great Britain in sterling money : Civil Establish-
ment, 2,240/.; Contingent r.Npenditme, l.''.0/. ; Ju-
dicial Establishment, 700/. ; total, 3,070. Paid by
the Colony in sterling money : Civil P'stablishment,
1,3.">|/. ; Judicial Establishment, !Mi/. ; Contingent
I
ft '
252
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— COMMERCE, MONETARY SYSTEM, &c.
Expenditure, 463<. ; Miscellaneous Expenditure,
8,127/.; Pensions, 183/.; total, 10,218/.
Estimate of the Charge of defraying the Civil Esta-
blishment of Prince Edward Island, in America,
from the 1st day of April 1838 to the 31st day of
March 1839. — Charge Proposed to be voted by Par-
and clerk of the Council, l.'iO/., fees &c. 494/.;
Attorney-general, 200/., Judge of Court for Probate
of wills, 20/. ; Proviist Marshal, 100/. ; Surveyor ge-
neral, 200/. ; fees, 101/. ; Clerk of the crown and coro-
ner, 90/. ; fees, 30/, ; and Clerk ofSupreme Court, 78/.;
Pension to C. D. Smyth, Esq., late Lieutenant-go-
liiment: Salary of Lieutenant-governor, 1,000/,, fees, vernor, 500/.; Contingencies, 130/.; total charge,
50/.; Chief Justice, 700/.; Secretary, Registrar, | with fees, 3,814/.
XII. I have no early accounts of the trade of the colony, but it is known that the French when in posses-
sion of the island, carried on a considerable fishery from its shores.
IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OF PRINCE EDVVARi; ISLAND.
From 1823 to 1828, the toniiajfo inwards was 10,000 to !3,000 tons per annum. The [B. B.] gives tlio
result since as follows : —
Years.
Great liritnin.
West
Indie?
North America,
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Val.f
No.
i Tons.
t
i
Val. £
Val.f
No.
Tons.
Val. £ No.
Tons.
1
Val.£jNo,
1
Tons. 1 Val. ±
No.
Tons. Men.
1823
1824
18'J5
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1831 1
1835
1836
i
31281
71-1
6832
11192^
701 7|
33151
9613,
8330
7107
32
35
28
25
25
30
24
20
19
38
35
7342
7719
0848
6017
5252
6149
5257
3793
33fi0
7242
6479
2309
3414
1954
1376
840
236
491
38
106
28574
24812
24311
29467
23472
1333
30810
38223'
3836l.'l
1
122
142
120
292
237
284
353
293
370
392
410
"
5681
6249
5677
14542
12388
13760
16.594
14();)9
18247
18816
17061
2
2
3
130
lfl7
159
850
490
538
409
180
246
602
1397
1
9
2
5
3
1
1
1
374
490
81
234
118
61
75
85
62165
36348
335h8
42535
317:19
5(164
41191
47215
46!,i73
154
177
149
317
271
316
38::
318
390
433
449
13023 ..
139681 ..
1181)91 ..
20559; 1091
I7880I 9.-)5
I999OJ 1092
220851 1201
18680 990
21668! 1238
2624O1 1422
23784 1287
EXPORTS OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.
1823
1824
1825
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1
33
42
4U
25819
14 1
9969
22
9246
33
15021
26
10977
19
I8960
16
60803
21
10191
16
15227
■•
6840
9116
9224
3155
4713
7199
5091
3880
3251
4140
3145
5373
32003
5923
30011
2660
4III3
1804
■16787
75
58423
74352
1179
49607
621
50290'
••
75136:
143
6547
158
778)
132
658(1
237
10163
241
12625
2.';9
11282
283
11917
253
iu6uo
345
14249
361
17606
374
15088
••
176
13387
..
2(J0
16900
. ,
, ,
, ,
172
15804
63615
2.11
13318
.,
111
4
218
4ii015
26;
17556
80
1
49
.^0421)
293
11-530
I
60
213
1
55
63826
311
16123
2
169
591
3
133
70(1.18
•iT7
14782
1
138
24
1
61
93336
36.4
17699
•A
171
5
4
313
111595
389
2J730
G
54
52
395
• '
(il55
90759
395
186rfl
. I
I
No returns for I826 or I827.
740
!)7l
1!I12
952
849
1016
nil
1156
Comparatively speaking, there is also a good deal
pf shipi)ing built in the colony; — during the year
1833 there were 32 vessels launched and registered —
many of them small, but in the aggregate showing a
tonnage of 4,000. In 183C the number wns 41, ton-
nage 4,749. The nuniber of vessels employed in the
foreign and coasting trade belonging to the island in
the same year was, foreign, five vessels — tons, 1,1(19 ;
men, 4.") ; roa.v/rng', 124 vessels, tons, (1346; men, 359.
During the year ending Dec. 1832, there were trans-
ferred from the island to other ports, 32 vessels, with
n tonnage of 3,202.
XIII. Amount of paper currency in circulation in
1836. In 5/. notes, 2,350/.; in 2/. notes, 3,390/. ;
in 1/. notes, 4,534/.; in Ids. notes, 3,732/.; in bs.
notes, 7fj8/. ; total 14,780/.
Of the last issue of .5,000/., the treasurer is directed
by the act to pay off and cancel annually, notes to the
amount of 1,000/., until the whole 5,000/. shall be
redeemed; of this sum, 1,000/. has been redeemed
this year, and there remains 3,000/. unredeemed.
There is no bank in the island.
XIV. Considerable attention is now directed to
agriculture and timber.
The mills in the island in 1836, were. King's
County, grist mills, 13; ditto saw mills, 2. Prince
County, grist mills, 15; ditto sawmills, 11. Queen's
County, gristmills, 16; ditto sawmills, 16. Char-
lotte Town Royalty, grist mills, 2. [15. li ]
Exports from Prince lulwnrd Island.
i
Dry
Fish.
Pickled
Fish.
Timber.
Shipping built
for sale in
u
^
Great Britain.
Quin-
tails.
Barrels.
Tons.
1823
903
585
9065
1276
1824
1044
745
5021
2500
1825
1056
877
11909
368,3
1828
416
404
10318
7747
1829
517
1122
(1761
6081
1830
l,'-)37
599
6819
No returns.
1831
1507
940
7816
—
1832
1201
—
6401
—
1833
1058
302
4601
—
1834
1353
455
6035
—
1835
2426
120
7240
—
18.? 6
5219
9450
—
Prince Edvvard Island is admirably adapted for in-
dustrious emigrants with small capitals. Crop after
crop of wheat is lai.sed without manuring — the barley
i s excellent,
American gr(|
exceeded any
good. CabbI
as good as ani
English gardef
acros granted!
ungrantcd, 4,|
Statistical
a
'S.
H
<;
1
— :•
2
24(
3
171
4
28;
ft
265
6
166
/
285
8
215
9
85
10
5(1
11
189:
Jo
139:
13
419
14
622
15
6?<oi
16
5H;'.f
14101
18
95 7(
19
i2(i7;
20
9392
21
7940
22
3070
23
7011
24
13714
25
6320
26
10186
27
7158
28
15402
29
77-11
30
2960
31
5503
32
14025
33
12302
31
18271
35
12013
;i(i
93-'9
37
7320
;iH
6053
39
3083
40
4575
41
2511
42
2929
43
.Mi()6
44
5052
45
6391
4«
38!)0
■17
13-J33
48
825!)
49
10315
50
12827
51
2690
52
4215
53
3397
.')4
20(10
55
4007
,10
5797
57
15211
58
7020
■'.9
3959
00
5676
61
2678
62
5''(ll
63
3093
64
6743
65
11782
66
1U50
07
3200
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
SS3
en m posses-
ll.
rons.
Men.
I:in23
1 39(18
. ,
11 Hill)
20-1 5!)
1001
17^«ii
!).-.5
19i)!l<i
lOjIJ
•22»Hr>
12(11
ISfiHd
!19(I
aifiliS
rj.'is
•2lr>w
1422
•S.i/SI,
1287
133S;
l()9l)»
1 .1 8 1) I
, ,
i;!;)i8
710
ir.i.ifi
»; t
1 y ,'Ktl)
l:/12
l()12:t
!,'.V2
itrsj
H49
17t)99
1016
I27:w
nil
IbfiSl
Ii:i6
is excellent, and oats much superior to any other of
American growth ; the potatoes and turnips cannot he
exceeded any where ; and peas and beans arc equally
good. Cabbage, carrots, and parsnips, are produced
as good as any in England ; In fact, all the produce of
English gardens will thrive equally well. The No. of
acros granted, 138,500; ditto sold, 1,2.55; remaining
ungrantcd, 4,000.
Statistical Return of Land, Produce, Stock &c., taken
A.D
The climate is particularly favourable to sheep ;
they are not subject to the rot, or any disease com-
mon to sheep in this country : they arc small, but of
excellent flavour ; the common size is about fiOlbs.
the carcase. Hares and patridges are plenty, and are
free for any person to kill ; and in the spring and
autiunn, great plenty of wild geese, ducks, and other
water fowl,
under the authority of the Act William IV. cap. 7.
1834.
•e
•Z3
.
I'roduce raised (luring tlie
(A
c .
<
c. a.
.13
■a
c
e
m
5
1 "S
' a
! ^
1
i c
a;
11
=
i
e
s
55
1
Uibt
year.
e
i
c
=
P
S3 3.
■55
1
7220
1463
1
197
i 54
250
102
1017
470
2654
1
23<)
2728
I81I8O
2
24rtO
6(9
1 81
21
07
39
401
189
731
171
738
6153
3
1700
112
22
II
«9
10
69
36
224
6
339
2710
•1
2850
371
1 85
32
113
33
330
1118
858
18
1221
7022
6
2fi57
707
1 73
47
97
43
403
169
818
73
1106
7704
i
(!
IC6I
530
50
25
59
25
230
109
3(i9
60
666
4773
/
2H50
234
33
17
46
1
108
84
660
13
382
4111)0
8
2150
216
39
17
44
fl
70
36
510
51
37G
2818
..
9
850
62
1 I'J
8
22
6
39
18
140
49
93
1200
10
.■>o»
77
i "
4
1 10
6
43
25
145
20
81
1130
11
1893
517
66
40
' 88
17
224
1081
672
100
G79
5083
,.
12
1397
239
22
27
1 25
9
95
79
370
172
2346
13
4197
1211
117
100
139
45
534
253
1424
'162
1878
10933
. ,
14
6221
1407
164
101
217
50
7"7
333
1669
204
2057
14230
1.^1
6.s()0
1426
147
81
168
09
()9<>
344
1503
198
1183
18221
1
IG
59r.8
1447
16t
102
202
68
682
284
1565
104
2005
I207G
17
14409
2671
293
1 69
422
158
1405
614
4 181
780
8220
32131
2
18
9570
39(il
376
214
505
167
1974
598
42011
1160
9213
26ni8
1
19
12677
2443
280
198
383
104
1323
424
3764
830
8663
27212
1
20
9392
2297
241
100
287
93
9»ii')
349
3209
823
5469
17947
, ,
21
7940
I873
293
72
310
118
1321
560
3356
1334
6714
23152
, J
22
3070
524
84
31
90
30
303
126
936
325
2241
6962
23
7011
1106
191
20
193
84
799
264
2451
831
50 13
20220
. ,
24
13714
29I8
3.53
41
281
199
l6uo
730
4912
1206
6386
30382
, ,
25
6320
18,-0
170
107
240
60
862
323
1426
7«7
3681
1 1330
26
1018G
2632
212
119
341
125
1141
497
2321
886
5154
22873
1
2;
7158
1439
115
70
134
52
481
302
1423
342
1913
11830
1
28
15402
4131
437
227
397
213
1814
882
4675
1271
8780
54 130
3
29
77-11
2069
190
131
210
8-'
939
418
3417
1110
4285
28240
4
30
2960
499
60
31
62
11
173
49
604
37
716
6170
31
5503
864
i.'.g
13
84
76
550
187
894
111
2378
13370
32
14025
2294
403
37
259
786
1666
527
3225
470
8874
40519
i
33
12302
17(>7
245
G7
229
124
1007
315
2193
1714
6333
22398
31
18271
4169
592
•V
603
29I)
2139
652
6484
1887
16318
6j6 17
2
3,-i
12013
1993
403
163
390
177
12b6
406
2687
1042
2681
32973
36
9329
1038
213
32
186
76
554
258
1523
522
373s
15047
..
37
7320
1525
211
45
199
86
584
220
1310
333
3442
15900
, ,
38
6053
907
215
18
233
97
859
139
1051
532
3820
18391
39
3083
1291
204
31
170
87
755
428
932
3!(3
2180
11809
40
4575
131!)
217
32
210
105
K41
378
1785
1064
4727
21877
, ,
41
2511
7'J7
194
12
181
»•■■
730
320
1053
1033
2093
13716
42
2929
IIJO8
228
20
208
105
()97
337
1276
1074
40110
14870
.,
43
5666
1221
245
19
251
126
(i97
4S5
2200
939
6<105
23199
44
5052
1133
197
40
169
93
633
428
1/18
861
37h7
I9HI6
45
6391
856
189
27
129
82
607
288
1312
663
3178
13232
4fi
3S!iO
479
134
2
110
58
378
163
916
559
2741
8868
..
4"
13233
1580
445
28
326
160
1401
540
2798
1781
8512
31132
'.
48
8259
1626
283
109
218
117
960
339
2390
!;34
12273
36335
49
111315
2704
405
55
338
152
1125
507
3949
579
8882
45109
3
50
12K27
3531
549
24
471
170
1422
62
4921
399
8494
4325
4
51
2690
275
55
2
49
15
133
1U4
437
43
721
6|(ii3
52
4215
525
93
70
2O
199
140
498
too
S91)
6.M5
53
3397
771
129
"6
90
58
609
183
1119
418
2fi28
8138
..
54
20110
315
89
7
62
20
230
87
457
25
888
5775
55
4007
981
204
2
166
79
655
269
1449
1041
2172
f6
5797
1009
233
5
221
lOI
781
359
1971
409
3304
19762
S7
15211
2572
528
7
3;i7
115
1316
456
3105
639
6380
38168
i
58
7020
1732
297
13
167
H2
820
296
2008
123
4059
21430
1
sy
3959
729
140 1
8
135
51
427
218
1121
461
3220
12273
1
(io
5676
971)
188
70
47
214
144
1287
81
1354
13699
61
2678
47;
87
"a
101
39
257
175
8S6
477
1410
9031
1
62
5->ill
1016
179
3
120
58
586
163
1183
51
2731,
1 3670
63
3093
399
104
12
125
53
471
274
1353
1047
2814
11986
61
6743
1243
141
46
172
G7
552
65
11782
1953
338
74
250
140
1068
554
2832
208
S86I
37714
66
1050
72
13
13
4
23
24
129
24
146
1501
fi;
3200
15.'i
24
8
12
3
13
58
365
7
272
3840
.382301
S9737
13185
3267
12624
5866
4SO76
1986 1
121032
37300
216049
I208766
29
nu
m
1 1
,j ,41.:
254
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
Ill'': ,t
III *J'
Sii 3 ii'
f H,
•o
B
A
= i
! i
! ^
! o
■d
a
o
■a
i
0.
2
Produce rais
last
ed during the
year.
V.
■ji
'/]
'/I
<n
S
c
v^
1 01
is
o
a
'-t
.c
■^
.c
.
0)
£ 'S
V
S
S3
O S
^
o «
6
z
2 rt
d 01
^.2
= ^
a a
ill
« s
•5°
1
^1
6
do
1
6
d°
r
d
■=5
■sa
Urn
6
'A
c
'A
Brought forward .
:)82;)0i
-3 4
.89757
13185
3267
12624
5866
48076
19864
121032
37300
246049
1208766
44
29
Charlotte Town
, 419
81
12
59
132
77
93
763
40
1299
4390
Ditto Royalty .
3845
1877
273
30
149
129
878
277
29^0
407
76.J9
26740
2
George Town .
70
23
3
, ,
2
5
6
12
20
100
Ditto Royalty .
249
303
85
6
34
31
260
91
657
205
1355
6181
Prince Town .
22
28
9
9
5
23
4
48
20
130
270
Ditto Royalty .
2508
1993
191
60
272
115
1029
296
24r.S
7fi«)
4528
16860
Boiighton Island .
400
65
15
11
9
52
38
127
71
188
2140
Paimiiire ditto
700
60
15
. ,
8
5
68
12
124
28
2fi6
I0I5
Rustico ditto . ,
400
30
St. Peter's ditto .
500
63
in
1
10
2
41
15
-5
10
igo
1100
Governor's ditto .
205
13
3
1
4
••
••
••
69
501
Total .
38-615
94631
1 3869
3377 13182
6291)
3979
50510
20702
128350
38850
261664
1310063
46
29
No. In 1827 .
33C98I
59909
9378
2473
1 1074
J9899
21531
13418
39O8
28712
76172
The fisheries of Prince Edward Island have not
been sufficiently attended to ; the herring fishery is of
great importance ; it commences early in the sprinp;,
when the hays and harbours, (larticularly on the north
side of tiie island, arc no sooner clear of ice than they
are filled with immense shoals of those fish, which
may be taken in any rjuantity : they are larger, though
not so fat, generally, as those taken off the western
coasts of Ireland and Scotland, and partake more of
the character of the Swedish herring. Alewivcs or
Gasperaus, although not so plentiful as the herring,
appear in great quantities. Mackarel are extremely
numerous on the coast and in the harbours, from
June to November. Cod are caught in great plenty
in every part of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, more par-
ticularly on the coast of Prince Edward Island, the
bay of Chaleur, and in the Straits of Belleisle. Trout
is found every where extremely fine, and often very
large; the halibut taken, sometimes weigh SOOlbs.
Sturgeons are common, in the summer months, in all
the harbours, some measuring six to seven feet in
length. Perch are fo\ind in all rivers and ponds that
have a communication with the sea.
The lobsters are in great abundance, and very large
and fine. In Europe this kind of shell-fish is only
taken on the sea-coast amongst rocks ; at Prince Ed-
ward Island they are taken in the rivers and on shal-
lows, where they feed on a kind of sea-weed, called
by the islanders eel grass, and a person wading into the
water half-leg deep, might fill a bushel basket in half
an hour. Many schooners are annually laden with
oysters for Quebec and Newfoundland.
The plenty of fish, and the ease with which it is
procured, is of great assistance to the inhabitants, and
in particular to new settlers, before they have time to
raise fuod from the produce of the land.
The present mode of obtaining land in Prince Ed-
ward Island is, either by lease for a long term of
years at 1.?, to 1,9. M. per acre |)er annum — one or
more years free, then ',id. per acre, and increasing
yearly at that rate to full rent ; or by purchase at
from 10.?. to 20s. and upward iier acre. This is to be
understood of woodland that it is wholly unimproved.
Some proprietors have had farms fall into hand with
more or less of cleared land on them ; these of course
are let or sold at an advanced sum, but commonly
for less than the cost of clearing. Emigrants who
might not choose to sit down on a wood farm, would
have many opportunities of purchasing the leasehold,
or freehold, and improvements of partly cleared farms ;
and it would he wise in those possessing the means to
do so.
The proprietors, with a view to escape the oppres-
sive effect of a quit rent or a land tax, now offer their
estates on the following terms : —
1st. Proposed terms for conducting sales of lands
in the Island of Prince Edward.
Each township belonging to the undersigned will
be surveyed as the demand for lands arise, roads laid
out in the most judicious direction, and the land be
parcelled out in lots of 100 or 200 acres each, with
a frontage on the road of 10 chains to each 100
acres.
An up-set price will b? set on each lot, regard being
had to quality and location, varying from G^-. 'id.
Halifax currency to 2()«. Halifax currency per acre ,
the great body of lands to be oflTered at the lesser or
intermediate prices, and the higher for those lots only
of the first quality, as to soil and convenience of loca-
tion. The government demand, for ungranted lands
in the island, 20,«. Halifax currency per acre. The
average price of land sold by the British North Ame-
rican Land Company last year, was 9,9. per acre. Tlie
timber lands, sold in New Brunswick to Americans in
large tracts, brought from 10,9. to l').v. per acre. A
tract, belonging to the heirs of Sir John \Vcnt\vorth,
situate in the district of Pictou, in the province of
Nova Scotis sold in 183j, from liin. to 20,*. per
acre; and the undersigned have the best authority for
asserting their lands to be equal in soil, and niDic
eligible for settlement, than any of the above rcfenod
to. By the British Packet, which arrived in Decem-
ber, one of the undersigned has received a proposal
from a resident in the island, for the purchase of 'lOO
acres of his estate, at the price of 20,v. currency per
acre.
Sale to be offered on the following terms and con-
ditions ; — The purchaser, on paying 25 per crnt. of
the price, to be let into possession of the laud, under
an agreement to i)ay the interest annually, and to be
entitled, on one half of the purchase money heiiif;
paid, to have a deed in fee simple. The H;,'reeniCnt
1
to be in wr
going into |
of attorn; y
be made ii
money. Ti
money, the
land, with a
cute a wan
drawn in co
As the pi
should t.aki
is his interc
suits and
jiowcr of sal
unnecessary
The prop
and mortga;
money, wit I
The purcl
equal install
of five per (
being paid ;
have the rig
If the pro
chaser, dete
advertisemei
viously give
balance (if a
over by the
months' not
selling, at an
The purch
the right to
proprietor tc
purchaser as
money due, 1
lityofthefii
The buyer
of quit rent,
hereafter be i
2nd. Tern,
tenantry. T
of puichasin
every case, s
if more rent
adopted as t
same liberal c
as already st
lease, as may
It is iinpo
cumstances
The propr
to exceed the
any tenant ;
with each of
sideration th,
opinion e.ntitl
The proprii
that many s'
years by the 1
will be most
great body of
3rd. Terms
tiers for leas
ing, prefer to
new settlers,
each, upon th
Leases will
longest of ihri
executed, or fi
First and
PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND.— STAPLE PRODUCTS, PRICES AND PROPERTY
255
<tlie
v.
3
j2
m
B
e
V
&
BS
&
5
■=£
V.
«M
<M O
o a.
=
d
c
Z
44
208766
*2f}
4390
28740
2
100
6I8I
270
IfibfiO
2140
I0I5
1100
501
46
310063
:
76I72
Emigrants who
Kid farm, wouKi
ig the leasehold,
y cleared farms ;
ing the means to
;ape the oppros-
, now offer their
g sales of lands
jndersigned will
arise, roads laid
and the land be
icrcs each, with
IS to each 100
lOt, regard being
from Gs. 'Sd.
rency per acre ,
at the lesser or
those lots only
enience of loca-
granted lands
l)er acre. The
h North Anie-
per acre. The
o Americans in
))i'r acre. A
n Wcntworth,
llic province of
to M.I. per
St authority for
soil, and ninre
above referred
ved in Decem-
ved a proposal
irchaie of MiO
cnrrency per
terms and con-
25 per cent, nf
he laud, under
lally, and to be
money being
The RUieenicnt
to be ill writing, and signed by both parties. Before
going int.) possession, the buyer to execute a warrant
of attoriuy in ejectment, to be acted upon, if failure
he made in the payment of interest or purchase
money. To secure the other half of the purchase
money, the purchaser to give a mortgage over the
land, with a power of sale contained iu it, and to exe-
cute a warrant of attorney in ejectment, both to be
drawn in conformity with the agreement.
As the purchaser is to receive the balance, if a sale
should take place, over the money owing by him, it
is his interest, as much p.s that of the proprietor, that
suits and legal expenses should be avoided. The
power of sale and warrant are insisted upon to save
unnecessary expense.
The proprietor to be bound in the said agreement
and mortgage, to receive the balance of the purchase
money, with the interest due, whenever tendered.
The purchaser to pay the remaining moiety in five
equal instalments, with interest, charged at the rate
of five per cent., due at the time of each instalment
being jiaid ; on failure of payment, the proprietor to
have the right of selling the lot.
If the proprietor, in default of payment by the pur-
chaser, determine to sell, four months' notice, by
advertisement in an Island newspaper, must be pre-
viously given ; and, upon a sale being made, the
balance (if any) after deducting expenses, to be paid
over by the proprietor to the owner. After the four
months' notice, the proprietor to have the power of
selling, at any future time, by public or private sale.,'
The purchaser, after he obtains his deed, to have
the right to sell at any time to a third party ; but the
proprietor to have the option of accepting the new
purchaser as his debtor for the balance of purchase-
money due, or of retaining for such balance the liabi-
lity of the first purchaser.
The buyer to take the land subject to the payment
of quit rent, and any tax now imposed, or that may
hereafter be imposed, upon the land.
2nd. Terms of settlement proposed to the present
tenantry. The occupying tenants to have the option
of purchasing their farms at 20 years' purchase in
every case, supposing the rents to be Is. per acre ;
if more rent be paid, this sum and proportion to be
adopted as the maximum ; and to be allowed the
same liberal conditions for paying the purchase-money
as already stated ; or they may continue to hold on
lease, as may be most agreeable to them.
It is impossible to fix a standard to meet the cir-
cumstances of each individual case.
The proprietors bind themselves, absolutely, not
to exceed the years of purchase above proposed with
any tenant ; but they are ready to open a negociation
with each of them, and to take into favourable con-
sideration the circumstances which the tenant is of
opinion entitle him to a deduction.
The proprietors have the clearest evidence to prove
that many settlements have been effected in past
years by the tenants upon these terms, and that they
will be most acceptable at the present time to the
great body of the tenantry.
3rd. Terms proposed to Emigrants and New Set-
tlers for leases. To those who, in place of purchas-
ing, prefer to remain as tenants, to emigrants, and to
new settlers, the lands will be let in lots of 100 acres
each, upon the following terms : —
Leases will be granted for 61 years certain, or the
longest of three lircs, to be named when the lease is
executed, or for 99 years, upon the following rents : —
First and second year No rent.
OS 3<.
per acre
".
(•)
ditto
9
ditto
n
1
ditto
aq
Third year
Fourth year .
Fifth year
Sixth year
And to continue for the remainder of the term, at
the rent of Iv. per acre, or .'>/. sterling for 100 acres.
The tenant to pay the rpiit rents, and all taxes now
existing, or to bo hereafter imposed upon land.
The rents to be paid by the tenant, either in money,
or in grain, snltcfl beef, pork, or butter, raised from
the liinil, at tlie market price, to be delivered either
at Charlotte Town, or at some other shipping port,
as may be decided ujjon by the proprietor ; and a
written or printed notice to be given to the tenant,
or left at his usual place of abode, at least one month
previous to the day of payment. The grain and other
articles named, to be delivered in good marketable or
shippiDg condition.
The rent to be paid in labour, if the proprietor re-
quire it ; but the tenant to have the option of paying
in money, or produce raised from the land
The tenant, at any future time during the continu-
ance of the lease, to have the right of purchasing
upon the same terms as before detailed. This will
appear as a condition in the lease.
The term day, for the payment of rents, to be the
20th of Noveud)er in each year.
The undersigned hereby agree to be bound, abso-
lutely, to the terms above stated, for the period of
five years from the 1st of May next.
Aremsfe prices uf rarioiis produce and merchandize
in 18:iG. — Horned cattle, 11. each; horses, 18/.; sheep,
10s.; swine, 1/. 10s. ; milk, per quart, 4(i. ; butter,
fresh, per lb.. Is.; butter, salt, lOd.; cheese, 9(i. ;
wheaten bread, 2i(i. ; beef, ."Ji/. ; mutton, 3(i. ; pork,
3'/. ; rice, 3d. ; coffee. Is. 3(/. ; tea, 3s. 9J. ; sugar,
ftd. ; salt, per bushel. Is. 9d. ; wine, per gallon, 12s.;
brandy, 12s. ; beer, Is. 2d. ; tobacco, per lb.. Is. 9d.
fTufres fur Labour. — Domestic, per month, from
1 '(S. to 11. 10s. ; prtedial, from \l. 10s. to 21. ; trades,
from 4/. to 61.
Ksliiiuiti'd I'lilue of Property annually created in
I'rinci; Edauird Island, and, if not consumed, converted
into nwreiihte or iiiimoreahle property. — x\nimal food
for 33,000 mouths, 200 lbs. each per annum, at 4rf.
per lb., 110,000/.; fish for 33,000 mouths, 1,50 lbs.
each per annum, at l^d. per lb., 30,937/.; bread and
other vegetables for 33,000 mouths, at 3(Z. per day
for each person, \r>0,606l. ; butter, milk, cheese, and
eggs for 33,000 mouths, at Id. each per day for 365
days, .50,187/. ; luxuries — viz. wines, spirits, ale, tea,
cotl'ee, sugar, &c., for 33,000 mouths, at 3d. each per
day for 365 days, 150,600/.; food for horses, cows,
&c., 100,000 animals, at 1/. each per annum, 100,000/.;
clothes and furniture worn out for 33,000 mouths,
at 3/. each per annum, 99,000/. ; domestic manufac-
tures, &c., annually produced, value 100,000/.; in-
come from business, or profits on professions, &c.,
at 10/. each, 330,000/. ; waste by fire, loss, bad sea-
sons, &c., value 25,000/. ; total annual production
of property, 1,146,336/.
Value of Moveable Property : Horses, 6,299, at 10/
each, 32,990/. ; horned cattle, 30,428, at 5/. each,
152,140/.; sheep, 50,510, at 1/. each, 50,510/. ; swine',
2{t,702, at 1/. each, 20,702/. ; poultry, value, 25,000/. ;
house furniture, &c., value 500,000/. ; clothing and
equipage, value 165,000/.; machinery, farming im-
plements, &c., value 100,000/. ; bullion and coin,
value 10,000/.; ships, boats, timber, and other mer-
chandize, value 1,000,000/.; total moveable property
2,056,342/.
'I- J
1 i
>■'
f llV
256
NEWFOUNDLAND, &c.— LOCALITY. HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
Value of Immoveable Property : Houses, 5,500, at
10/. each, 55,000^ ; saw and grist mills, &c., 75, at
200/ each, 15,000/.; land arable, 100,000 acres, at
5/. per acre, 500,000/. ; land occujjicd, but untillcd,
400,000 acres, at 1/. per acre, 400,000/. ; land not
granted, 900,000 acres, at Is. per acre, 45,000/. ;
roads, canals, dykes, bridges, wharfs, &c., value
IfiO.OOO/. ; forts, gaols, churches, barracks, S:c., value
80,000/. ; manufactures, mines, quarries, &c., value
50,000/.; total immoveable property, 1,305,000/.;
total moveable and immoveable, 3,301,342/.
CHAPTER VII.— NEWFOUNDLAND AND THE LABRADOR COAST.
Section I. Newfoundland Isle, lying on the N. E.
side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, between the i)aral-
lels of 46.40. to 59.31. N. latitude, and the meridians
of 52.44. to 59.31. longitude \V. of Greenwich, is
bounded on the whole eastern shore by the Atlantic
Ocean ; on the N. K. and N. it is separated from the
coast of Labrador by the Strait of IJelleisle (which is
about 50 miles long, by 12 broad), on the N. W. by
the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and on the' S. \V. it ap-
proaches at Cape Ray towards Cape Breton Isle, so
as to form the main entrance from the Atlantic Ocean
into the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Its extreme length,
measured on a curve from Cape Race to Griguet Bay,
is about 420 miles ; its widest part, from Cape Ray
to Cape Bonavista, is about 300 miles ; and, exclud-
ing its broken and rugged shores, the circumference
may be stated at 1,000 miles — the whole comprising
an area of 30,000 square miles.
Newfoundland is the nearest part of America to
Europe, the distance from St. John's, in Newfound-
land, to Port Valentia, on the west coast of Ireland,
being 1650 miles, and which might be traversed every
month throughout the summer, if steam packets
were established, in from eight to ten days.
II. The history of this island begins, according to
tradition, with its possession by Biorn, a sea kini^, or
pirate of Iceland, who was driven thither, and is said
to have taken shelter near Port Grace Harbour, about
the year 1001. It is doubtful, however, whether his
party ever colonized the island, if so perhaps they
had become extinct before its second discovery by
John Cabot, the Venetian, who obtained a commis-
sion to make discoveries from Henry VII, and during
his first voyage, 24th June, 1497, observed a head-
land, which, as a lucky omen, he named BimarisUt,
which name it retains to the present day. Cabot
brought home with him three of the natives, who
were clothed in skins, and speaking a language which
no person understood.
Robertson and Pinkertnn were of opinion that
Newfoundland was first colonized by the Norwegians,
and the latter thought the red Indians degenerated
savages from the Norwegian settlers, whom Erie,
Bishop of Greenland, went to Winland, in 1221, to
reform.
The Newfound Island having been afterwards visited
by Cotereal, a Portuguese, and Cartier, the French
navigator, who reported most favourably on the
abundance and excellency of its cod fishery (owiiig to
which it was called Bacalao, the Indian name far that
fish), soon attracted fishermen from European nations
to visit its coasts : still no permanent settlement was
made, and the fate of the early attemj)ts at this object
were such as, for a length of time, to deter future
adventurers. Besides several others, Mr. Hoare, a
merchant of London, fitted out a ship, and attempted
to pass the winter there in 15,S6, but the crew, to
avoid starvation were obliged to resort to the most
liorril)le expedients, and indeed would all have pe-
rished had they not luckily found a French ship, in
which the emaciated survivors returned to England,
giving deplorable accounts of their sufferings. Not
deterred by this faihire, however, and his own first
attempt in 157H, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, the eutcr-
piising half brother of the famous Sir Walter Raleigh,
having obtained a patent from Queen Elizabeth for
six years, granting him possession of 200 leagues
round any point he chose to settle on, sold all his
estates in ICngland, and fitted out five small vessels,
in which he embarked with 200 people in 1583. Sir
Humphrey landed in the Bay of St. John's, and took
quiet possession of the country, in the presence of
a vast concourse of fishermen, being the crews of 30
vessels of diti'erent nations. This imfortunate adven-
turer was, however, not destined to realize his hopes;
being anxious to take possession of as much country
as possible, before the expiration of his patent, he
proposed to prosecute his discoveries to the south ;
but his crews mutinied, and part of them returned
home; of those who followed him above 100 were
lost, in a gale, on board of one of the ships, off' the
Sable Island, or bank, and disheartened by their
adverse circumstances, the others insisted on his
steering homeward, which Sir Humphrey reluctantly
consented to, remarking that he had but suspended
his scheme until the next spring, 'when he would .It
out an expedition royally.' His ship, however, foun-
dered in a storm on the passage home, and thus
ended this disastrous expedition.
In 158.'), according to our next accounts, a voyage
was made to Newfoundland, by Sir Bernard Drake,
who claimed its sovereignty and fishery in the name
of Queen Elizabeth. Sir Bernard seized several Por-
tuguese ships laden with fish, and oil, and furs, and
returned to England ; but, owing to the war with
S])ain, and the alarm caused by the Spanish armada,
several years elapsed before another voyage was made
to the island.
A fresh attempt was made at a settlement in 1010,
but this was also abandoned, as well as several subse-
quent ones. The attempt in 1010 was made by virtue
of a patent granted by James I. to the Lord Chan-
cellor Bacon, Lord Verulam, the Earl of Northampton,
Lord Chief Baron Tanficld, Sir John Doddridge, and
40 other persons, and under the designation of the
"Treasurer and Company of Adventurers and Planters
of the Cities of London and Bristol for the Colony of
Newfoundland." The patent granted the lands be-
tween Capes St. Mary and Bonavista, with the SPas
and islands lying within ten leagues of the coast, for
the purpose of securing the trade of fishing to our
subjects for ever. Mr. Guy, an intelligent and enter-
prising merchant of Bristol, who planned this expedi-
tion, settled in Conception Bay, remained there two
NEWFOUNDLAND. &c.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
fs, &c., value
icks, &c., value
ies, &c., value
, 1,305,000/.;
,342/.
2.') 7
•AST.
t to the most
J all have jie-
French ship, in
id to England,
itFerings. Not
1 his own first
)crt, the enter-
kValter Raleigh,
I Elizaheth tor
if 200 leagues
on, sold all his
e small vessels,
B in 1583. Sir
)hn's, and took
he presence of
he crews of 3fi
)rtunate adveii-
ilize his hopes;
much country
his patent, he
s to the south ;
them returned
hove 1 00 were
; ships, off the
ened by tlicir
isisted on his
rey reluctantly
but suspended
n he would fit
lowevcr, foun-
ime, and thus
mts, a voyage
Bernard Draice,
in the name
several Por-
and furs, and
the war with
nish armada,
nac was made
years, and thet\ returned to England, leaving behind
s( in of his people to carry on the fishery, the attempt
at planting being laid aside.
In 1014, Capt. Whitliiirn was sent out with a com-
mission from the Admiralty to empannel juries, and
investigate the abuses complained of by the fishermen ;
he held a Court of Admiralty on his arrival; and im-
mediately received complaints from the masters of
170 vessels. In two years from this i)eriod,\Vhitburu
was appointed chief over a little colony of Welshmen,
formed by Dr. William Vaughan on the south part of
the island, named by him Cambriol (now Little Bri-
tain), and which he purchased from the patentees
liefore mentioned.
And what may be considered the first permanent
colony, was established in K)23 by Sir George Cal-
vert, afterwards Lord Baltimore, in order that he
might enjoy the exercise of his religion, which was
Roman Catholic. The settlers fixed their head quar-
ters at Ferry Low, spreading by degrees over all the
hays in the south-eastern peninsula. Lord Baltimore
made his son governor over the colony, which he
called ArnldT}, and soon after proceeded thither him-
self, and it increased and flovu'ished under his manage-
inent : how his lordship contrived to set aside the
former patentees is not known.
Ariilnn was the ancient name of Glastonbury, in
Somersetshire, where it is said Christianity was first
preached in Britain : Lord Baltimore transferred the
name to his new colony under the idea that it was
the first place in North America where Christianity
was established.
So important did the settlement of this colony
now appear to the atithorities at home, that we find
the commissions directed to the Lord Treasurer, and
others, 'to erect a common fishery, as a ?(««/';•(//"'"
penmen ;' and the first regulation for " governing of
His Majesty's subjects inliahitins^ in Netrfmuidhind,
or trafficking in bays," &c. (a very interesting docu-
ment) was issued by Charles I, and bears date l(i33,
ahaut which time Lord Falkland sent a colony from
Ireland to Newfoundland.
In lfJ54, Sir David Kirk obtained a grant from
Parliament of certain lands in Newfoundland, and
proceeded thither with a few settlers; at this time,
notwithstanding the constant bickerings between our
people and the French, who had established a colony
at Placcntia, there were settlements eft'ected in fifteen
ditferent parts of the island, altogether amountiing to
300 families : yet, strange to say, that for many' years
after this the Board of Trade and Plantations did
every thing in their power to jirevent any settlers
colonising on the island, and authorised the commis-
sion of various acts of cruelty on those who had
settled 1
Shortly after the accession of William III., on war
breaking out with France, one of the causes for which
was set forth that, " of late the incroachments of the
French upon Newfoundland, and His Majesty's sub-
jects' trade and fishery there, had been more like the
invasions of an enemy than becoming friends, who
enjoi/ed the adrantas^es of that trade only hi/ permis-
mn." The French settlement was attacked, in Sep-
tember, lfi92, by Commander Williams, but owing to
the spirited conduct of the French governor, the ex-
pedition succeeded in doing no more than burning
the works on Point Vesti. On the other hand, in
lli'Jf), the Chevalier Nesmond, with a strong squadron
of French ships, aided by the force on the island,
made a descent on the town and harbour of St. John,
hut having totally failed, he returned to France.
I. I.
Before the close of that year the French were, how-
ever, more successful, for another squadron arriving
under Brouillan, he, in concert with Ibberville, at-
tacked St. .fohn's, whith being now short of military
stores, and in a very defenceless state, was comijclled
to surrender. The French however, did not retain it,
but having set fire to the fort and town, sent the
garrison on parole to England.
Tlie French admiral ai)pears to have done nothing
further, in consequence of a misunderstanding with
Ibberville, who commanded the troops, and who fol-
lowed up his success by destroying all the British
settlements, except those of Bonavista and Carbonia
Harbour, failing before which, he returned to Pla-
ccntia.
To retrieve these losses, a British squadron under
Admiral Nevil, with 1,500 troops, commanded by Sir
John Gibson, was dispatched, but the cowardice of
one commander and the ignorance of the other dis-
ajipointed the anticipated results; in the meantime
the peace of Ryswick put an end to hostilities by
replacing things in the position they were in prior to
this war, and Sir John Norris was appointed governor
to see that the stipulations were properly observed.
The government of Newfoundland was at this time
an object of ambition, and we find it always conferred
on some distinguished officer of the royal navy. Many
Acts of Parliament were enacted to regulate the fish-
eries, conferring privileges on fishing ships, and pro-
hibiting the importation offish taken by foreigners in
foreign ships.
Shortly after the declaration of war against France,
in May 1702, Sir John Leake was dispatched with a
small squadron to take possession of the whole
island, and arriving from England in August, he par-
tially effected the object of his mission, by destroying
the French settlements at Trepassey, St. Mary's, Coli-
iiet. Great and Little St. Lawrence, and the Island of
St. Peter's ; and, burning the fishing-boats, he re-
turned to England at the end of the year with twenty-
three prizes.
In the following year Vice-admiral Graydon, being
ordered with a squadron to [jrotect the plantations,
arrived oft' the coast of Newfoundland August 2d.;
but owing to a fog, which continued with great den-
sity for thirty days, his ships were dispersed, and
could not be brought together till the 3d. of Septem-
ber. He now called a council of war, as to the prac-
ticability of attacking the strong hold of the French
at Placcntia, and it was decided that it would not be
prudent to do so with the force at his disposal, on
which he returned to England, without efl'octing more
than protecting the trade, by the presence of his
Heet: the Admiral was severely and justly censured
for his conduct.
The miscarriage of Graydon, encouraged the French
to attempt the conquest of the whole island ; and the
garrison of Placentia having been strongly reinforced
from Canada, in the year 1705, five hundred men
were dispatched under the command of Subercase,
and made a resolute attack on Petty Harbour, a port
within nine miles of St, John's, where they were re-
pulsed ; the French, however, devastated the difterent
settlements, destroyed Fort Forillon, and spread their
ravages coastwise as far as Bonavista.
In the year 1700, Captain Underdown, with only
ten ships, destroyed many of the French vessels in
the harbours, along the coast, notwithstanding that
the French had as many as ten armed vessels on that
station, and by his activity and success gave a severe
blow to their trade. Although Parliament earnestly
2^H
NE\VrOl'NnL.\M\ S.!.— HISTORY AM) ACQI'ISITION.
I ^
entreated the Queen to ' use her royal emlcavours to
rerovcr and ))roserve the ancient possessions, trade
and fisheries of Newfoundland,' little attention was
paid to this humble address, the whole disposable
force heinp assigned to the Duke of Marlborough at
that time, in the midst of his victorious career. The
French, however, notwithstanding their repeated dis-
asters on the continent, still continued to persevere
in their endeavours for the expulsion of the Knglish
from Newfoundland, and accordingly, St. Ovide, the
King's Lieutenant at I'lacentin, having effected a land-
ing without opposition, or without being discovered,
within five leagues of St. John's, attacked and com-
pletely destroyed that town, on the 1st of January
1708.
Costabelle, the French commander-in-chief, next
directed his force on Carbonia, the only settlement
of conseipience remaining in the bands of the Eng-
lish, but, on this occasion he wr.s not so fortunate,
and was even obliged to abandon the enterprise, after
destroying all the buildings within their reach.
The news of this misfortune produced great cxcite-
meit in England, as the possession of the fisheries
had ever been considered a point of immense impor-
tance, and an expedition was ordered, unrler Captain
G. Martin and Colonel Francis Nicholson, to attempt
the conquest of the island; but, owing to the strong
force of the French, they could effect no more than
the destruction of a few fishing stations. From this
time until the treaty of Utrecht, the French remained
in peaceable possession of Newfoundland : by this
treaty, however, the island, as well as the adjacent
ones, were declared to belong wholly to Great Bri-
tain The French being allowed to catch and cure
fish on certain conditions, and to occupy the islets of
St. Pierre and Miquelon, with a garrison of titty men
each .
The final conrpiest of all their American colonies
in the seven years' war, made the French glad to
receive back this privilege again at the peace of 17'>.3.
Hut as the French have now set up an fjchisim (in-
stead of a conciirri'nt^ risrht to a large extent of the
coast fishery, and ])roceeiled to drive away, by force,
British vessels engaged in fishing on the very shores
of their own island, I give here the following ex-
tracts from the treaties between England and France,
from 1713 to 1814.
Ne^ntirilmin ri'specfins^ Ncwfiiumlhmd. — Treattj of
Utrecht, 1715.— Art. IM. "The Island called New-
foundland, with the adjacent islands, shall from this
time forward belong of right wholly to Great Britain ;
and to that end the town and fortress of I'lac'cntia,
and whatever other jjlaces in the said island are in
possession of the French, shall be yielded and given
up, within seven months from the exchange of the
ratifications of this treaty, or sooner, if possible, by
the most Christian King, to those who have a com-
mission from the Queen of Groat l'.ritain for that
purpose. Nor shall the most Christian King, his
lu'irs and successors, or any of their subjects, at any
ti;ne hereafter, lay claim to any right to the said
island or islands, and to any jiart of it, or them.
Moreover, it shall not be lawfid for the subjects of
France to fortify any place in the said island of New-
foundland, or to erect any buildings there, besides
stages made of boards, and huts necessary and usual
for drying of fish ; or to resort to the said island be-
yond the time necessary for fishing, and drying of
fish. But it shall be allowed to the subjects of France
to catch fish, and to dry them on land, in that part
only, and in iio other besides that, of the said island
of Newfoundland, which stretches from the place
called Cajie Bonavista to the northern part of the
said island, and from thence running down by the
western side, reaches as far as the place called Point
Riche. But the island called Cape Breton, as also all
others, both in the mouth of the river St. Lawrence,
and in the gulph of the same name, shall hereafter
belong of right to the French, and the most Christian
King shall have all manner of liberty to fortify any
place or places there."
Treaty of Paris, nfi.S.— Art. i"). "The subjects of
France shall have the liberty of fishing and drying
on a part of the coasts of the island of Newfoun<l-
land, such as it is si)ecified in the 13th article of the
Treaty of Utrecht ; which article is renewed and con-
firmed by the present treaty (except what relates to
the island of Cape Breton, as well as to the other
islands and coasts in the mouth and in the gulph of
St. Lawrence) : and his Britannic Majesty consents to
leave to the subjects of the most Christian King the
liberty of fishing in the gulph of St. Lawrence, on
condition that the subjects of France do not exercise
the said fishery hut at the distance of three leagues
from all the coasts belonging to Great Britain, as well
as those of the continent, as those of the islands
situated in the said gulph of St. Lawrence. And as
to what relates to the fishery on the coasts of the
island of Cape Breton out of the said gulph, the sub-
jects of the most Christian King shall not be |ier-
mitted to exercise the said fishery but at the distance
of fifteen leagues from the coasts of the island nf
Cape Breton, and the fishery on the coasts of Nova
Scotia or Acadia, and everywhere else out of the said
gul[)h, shall remain on the footing of former treaties."
Art. fi. " The King of Great Britain cedes the
islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon, in full right, to
his most Christian Majesty, to serve as a shelter to
the French fishermen : and his said most Christian
Majesty engages not to fortify the said islands ; to
erect no buildings upon thein, but merely for the
convrnienee of the fishery ; and to keep upon them a
guard of fiftv men only for the police."
Tnatij of' Versailles, 17H3.— Art. 4. "His Majc-ty
the King of Great Britain is maintained in his right to
the island of Newfoundland, and to the adjacent
islands, as the whole were assured to him by the 13th
article of the treaty of Utrecht ; excepting the islands
of St. Pierre and Miquelon, which are ceded in full
right, by the present treaty, to his most Christian
Majesty.
Art. .'). " His Majesty the most Christian King, in
order to prevent the ([uarrels which have hitherto
arisen between the two nations of England and France,
consents to renounce the right of fishing, which
belongs to him in virtue of the aforesaid article of
the Treaty of Utrecht, from Cape Bonavista to Cape
St. John, situated on the eastern coast of Newfound-
land, in fifty degrees north latitude : and his Majesty
the King of Great Britain consents, on his part, that
the fishery assigned to the subjects of his most Chris-
tian Majesty, beginning at the said Cajie St. John,
jiassing to the north, and descending by the western
coast of the island of Newfoundland, shall extend to
the place called Cape Raye, situated in forty-seven
degrees fifty minutes latitude. The French fishermen
shall enjoy the fishery which is assigned to them by
the present article, as they had the right to enjoy
that which was assigned to them by the treaty of
Utrecht.
Art. 6. " With regard to the fishery in the gulph
of St. Lawrence, the French shall continue to exercise
NEWFOUNDLAND, &c.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
250
from the place
cm part of tlio
ig down by the
ace called Point
reton, as also all
cr St. Lawrence,
i, shall hereafter
e most Christian
ty to fortify any
The subjects of
hing and dryiiii;
d of Ncwfouiid-
th article of the
enewed and cun-
what relates to
as to the other
1 in the gulph of
jesty consents to
ristian King the
It. Lawrence, on
D do not exercise
of three leagues
.t Britain, as well
e of the islands
wrence. And as
;he coasts of the
1 guljjh, the sub-
lall not be |!cr-
t at the distance
of the island of
e coasts of Nova
e out of the said
former treaties."
iritain cedes the
in full right, to
c as a shelter to
I most Christian
said islands ; to
merely for the
Sep upon them a
" His IVIajc-ty
d in his right to
to the adjacent
him by the 13th
pting the islands
re ceded in full
most Christian
nistian King, in
have hitherto
and and Fiance,
fishing, which
re?aid article of
navista to Cape
X of Newfound-
and his Majesty
n his part, that
his most Chris-
Ca|)e St. John,
by the western
shall extend to
in forty-seven
rench fishermen
,ed to them hy
right to enjoy
y the treaty of
Ty in the gulph
inue to exercise
it, conformably to the fifth article of the treaty of
Paris."
Declaration of his Britannic Majesty. — 1. "The
King having entirely agreed with his most Christian
Majesty upon the articles of the definitive treaty, will
seek every means which shall not only ensure the
execution thereof, with his accustomed good faith and
punctuality, but will beside give, on bis part, all pos-
sible efficacy to the principles which shall prevent
even the least foundation of dispute for the future.
"To this end, and in order that the fishermen of
the two nations may not give cause for daily (piarrels,
his Uritannic Majesty will take the most positive
measures for preventing his subjects from interrupting,
in any manner, by their competition, the fishery of
the French, during the temporary exercise of it which
is granted to them upon the coarts of the islanrl of
Newfoundland ; and he will for this purpose, cause
the fixed settlements, which shall be formed there, to
he removed. His Hritannic Majesty will givi; orders
that the French fishermen bo not incommoded in
cutting the wood necessary for the repair of their
seatfolds, huts, and fishing vessels.
" The thirteenth article of the treaty of Utrecht,
and the method of carrying on the fishery, which hiis
at all times been acknowledged, shall be the plan upon
wliich the fishery shall be carried on there : it shall
not be deviated from by cither party ; the French
fishermen building only their scaffolds, confining
themselves to the repair of their fishing vessels, and
not wintering there; the subjects of his Britannic
Majesty, on their part, not molesting in any manner
the French fishermen during their fishing, nor injuring
their scaffolds during their absence.
"The King of Great Britain, in ceding the islands
of St. Pierre and Mifpielon t;) France, regards them
as ceded for the purpose of serving as a real shelter to
the French fishermen, and in full confidence that these
possessions will not become an object of jealousy
between the two nations ; and that the fishery Ix^tween
the said islands and that of Newfoundland shall be
limited to the middle of the channel.
" Manchester.
" Given at Versailles, the 3rd September, 17f<3."
Counter Declttruliim of his most Christian Maji'stij.
— "The principles which have guided the King in the
whole course of the negociations which preceded the
re-establishment of peace, must have convinced the
King of Great Britain, that his Majesty has had no
other design than to render it solid and lasting, by
preventing as much as possible, in the four quarters
of the world, every subject of discussion and quarrel.
"The King of Great Britain undoubtedly places
too much confidence in the uprightness of his Ma-
jesty's intentions not to rely upon his constant atten-
tion to prevent the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon
from becoming an object of jealousy between the two
nations.
" As to the fishery on the coasts of Newfoundland,
which has been the object of the new arrangements
settled by the two Sovereigns upon this matter, it is
sufficiently ascertained by the fifth article of the treaty
of peace signed this day, and by the declaration like-
wise delivered to-dny, by his Britannic Majesty's Am-
bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary ; and his
Majesty declares that he is fully satisfied on this head.
" In regard to the fishery between the island of
Newfoundland and those of St. Pierre and Mifiuelon,
it is not to he carried on by either jiarty, but to the
niidille of the channel ; and his Majesty will give the
most positive orders that the French fishermen sludl
not go beyond this line. Hia Majesty is firmly per-
suaded that the King of Great Britain will give like
orders to the English fishermen.
" Ghavif.r nE Vergennks.
" Given at Versailles, the 3rd September, 178;i."
Timlij of Paris, 1814. — Art. 8. "His Britannic
Majesty, stipulating for himself and his allies, engages
to restore to his most Christian Majesty, within the
term which shall be hcreiiftcr fixed, the colonies,
fisheries, factories, and establishments of every kind
which were possessed by France on the bt January,
17'.)2, in the seas, and on the continents of America,
Africa, and Asia, with exception, however, of the
islands of Tobago and St. Lucie, and the l<le of France
and its de|>eiulcncies, especially RiKh'igues and Les
Seebelles, which several coh'nies and possessions his
most Christian Majesty cedes in full right and sove-
reignty to his Britannic Maje-^ty, and also the portion
of St. Domingo ceded to France by the treaty of
Basle, ami which his most Christian Majesty restores
in full right and sovereignty to his Catholic Majesty.
Art. 13. " The French right of fishery upon tlie
Great Bank of Newfoundland, upon the coasts of the
island of that name, and of those adjacent islands in
the St. Lawrence, shall bo replaced upon the footing
in which it stood in 17U2."
Treat !/ of I'aris, 1815.— Art. II. " The treaty of
Paris of the 3()th of May, 1814, and the final Act of
the Congress of Vienna of the 9th of June, 181'), are
confirmed, and shall be maintained in all such of their
enactments which shall not have been modified by the
articles of the present treaty."
In order to elucidate the meaning fif indeed such
be requin(l) of the treaties between Great Britain
and F'raiiee, on the snl)ject of an I'jclusiri- or cnnrnr-
rent right of fishing on the Newfoundland coasts, the
following extracts from the treaties on the same
subject, between iMigland and the United States are
subjoined.
frfntij of 1/83.— Art. ;?. "It is agreed that the
people of the United States shall continue to enjoy
unmolested the right to take fisli of every kind on tlio
Grand Bank, and all other banks of Newfoundland,
also in the gulf of St. Lawrence, and at all other
places in the sea where the inhabitants of both coun-
tries used at any time heretofore to fish ; and also
that the inhabitants of the United States shall have
liberty to take fish of any kind on such part of the
coast of Newfoundland as British fishermen shall use
(but not to dry and cure the same on that island),
and also in bays and creeks of all other of his Britan-
nic Majesty's dominions in America ; and that the
American fishermen sliall have liberty to dry and cure
fish in any of the unsettled bays, harbours and creeks
of Nova Scotia, Magdalen Islands, and Labrador, so
long as the same shall remain unsettled; but so soon
as the same or either of them shall be settled, it shall
not be lawful for the said fishermen to dry or cure
fish at such settlements without a previous agreement
for that purpose with the iniialjitants, proprietors or
possessors of that ground."
In 1.S18, the United States' Plenipotentiary knew
too well the value of the privileges of fishing on the
coasts of our territory not to make it an important
branch of hi'^ negociati(ms ; thus —
" \Mierea.s" says the convention, " dift'ercnces have
arisen respecting the liberty claimed by the United
States for ti>e inhabitants thereof, to take, dry, arid
cure fi>li on certain coasts, bays, harbours and creeks
of his I'ltitannic Majesty's dominions in .\merica ; it
is agreed between the single contracting parties, that
'',.
.! ?
't ^
'»!!
■' ■#!
"Ji?
j; m
;, ' If
i < I
':*'
2()0
NEWFOUNDLAND.— GEOGRAPHY.
the inhabitants of the said United States shall have
for cvtr, ill connexion with the subjects of his Uri-
tannic Mtijcsty, thi' liberty to take fish of every kind
on that part of the southern coast of Newfoundland
which extends from C'ajie Kay to the llanieau Islands,
on the western and northern coast of Newfoundland,
from the siiid Cape Kay to the Gui|)eron Islands, on
the shores of Mafidalen Islands, and also on the
coasts, bays, harbours and creeks, from Mount Jolly,
on the southern coast of Labrador, to and through
the Straits of Uelleislc, and thence northwardly, inde-
finitely along the coast, without prejudice, however,
to any of the exclusive rights of the Hudson's Bay
Company."
The practical effect of the claims enforced by the
French of exclusive rights on our coast, and which as
justly may be claimed on the coast of Sussex, is the
virtual cession of the larger and better half of New-
foundland to France, for from Cape Kay to the Quir-
pon islands, not ten British settlers are to be found,
although the land is well adapted for cultivation and
pasturat;o.
HI. Little is known of the interior of this vast
island, which stands on an immense bank, in length
about (iOO miles, with a breadth of about iiOO miles,
and with soundings varying from 125 to 95 fathoms.
There are two banks, the outer one lies within the
parallels of 44. 10. and 47.30. X. latitude, and the
meridians 44. 1"). and 4,5. 2H. W. longitude, with
soundings from 100 to 1 GO fathoms. This bank appears
to be a continuation of the Great Bank, and a succes-
sion may be observed the whole way to Nova Scotia.
Newfoundland is in shajje nearly triangular, the
apex thereof being to the northward, and the base
extending east and west from Cape I'tay to Cape Race.
Like the Nova Scotia shores, and for a reason similar
to the one given under that chapter, the coast is every
where indei ted at intervals of two or three miles, by
broad and diep bays, innumerable harbours, coves,
creeks, and rivers. The island all round is rocky,
(with pebbly beaches), generally covered with wood
down to the water's edge, and with some lofty head-
lands on the S. \V. side.
Beginning at the south-east part, Newfoundland is
formed into a peninsula of 26 leagues in length, and
five to 20 ill breadth, by two large bays, the heads of
which are separated by an isthmus not exceeding four
miles in width. This peninsula has five large bays,
and several smaller ones, and is that part of the island
named by Sir George Calvert, afterwards Lord Balti-
more, Avalon.
To the north of Avalon, and on the eastern side of
the island, lies Trinity Ray, between 47. .')r). and 48.
;i7. north latitude. This bay nearly divides the old
l)rovi nee of Avalon from the rest of Newfoundland;
separated from the Bay of Bonavista by a narrow
neck of land ; it has on the north side Trinity Har-
bour, Ireland's Eye, and Long Harbour; to the south
west, Bull's Bay and Islands, and Tickle Harbour ; to
the south Chapel Bay ; to the east and north-east
Heart's Delight, Heart's Content, &c. ; and from
thence through the Harbours of New Pelican and Old
Pelican, we pass Break-heart Point, leading to the
Point of Grates.
Round this point, about three miles from Concep-
tion Bay, lies the small island of Baccalao, an insu-
lated rock, where an extraordinary number of birds
congregate to hatch their young — these arc called
Baccalao birds ; and from their continual scream
being heard a considerable distance at sea, and serv-
ing as a warning to mariners during the constant
fogs, the different governors (in former years) have
issued proclamations imposing severe penalties on
such as should molest them.
Conception Bay ranks as the first district in New-
foundland, not only from its numerous commodious
harbours, coves, &c., but from the spirit and enter-
prise of its inhabitants. Harbour Grace is the prin-
cipal town of this district ; Carboncar, or Collier's
Harbour is the next in importance, but its harbour,
though spacious, is not considered at all seasons
secure ; besides these there are several considerable
settlements, as far up the bay as Holy Rood, formed
by the deep inlets, separated by perpendicular rocks,
which run out into the sea for two or three leagues,
though they are not a mile in breadth. The scenery
on this part of the coast is majestic, wild, and calcu-
lated to strike the beholder with awe.
The Cape of St. Francis, the eastern boundary of
Conception Bay, is distant seven miles from St. John's
Harbour ; four leagues lower is Torbay, a fishing
station; and three leagues further is St. John's. The
harbour is one of the best in the island, being formed
between two mountains, the eastern points of which
leave an entrance, called the Narrows.
From the circumstances of the harbour being only
accessible by one very large shij) at a time, and from
the numerous fortifications and batteries erected for its
protection, St John's is a place of considerable
strength. The Narrows, which is the only assail-
able part, is so well guarded that any vessel attempt-
ing to force an entrance would be inevitably sunk.
There is a signal post on the toj) of a lofty hill, on
the right of the entrance of the Narrows, which tele-
graphs to the town the arrival of every vessel that
passes, where from, and the length of passage.—
There are about 12 fathoms water m the middle of
the channel, with tolerably good anchorage ground.
The most lofty perpendicular precipices rise to a con-
siderable height upon both sides, but the southern
shore has rather the greater altitude, only from a
comparison with the opposite rocks. There is a
light shewn every night at Fort Amherst on the
left side of the entrance, where there is also a
signal post, whence the ships that pass are hailed,
and signals made to the hill before-mentioned, whicli
repeats them to the Government House and tliu
Town : other batteries of greater strength appear
towering above the rocky eminences towards the
north. At about two-thirds of the distance between
the entrance, and, what may properly be termed the
harbour itself, there lies a dangerous shelf, called
the Pancake, opposite the Chain Rock, so named
from a chain which extends across the strait at that
place, to prevent the admission of any hostile fieet.
Mariners on entering the place ought to beware of
approaching too near the rocks, on the larboard-liand
inside the light-house point. Fort Townshend is situ-
ated immediately over the town, and was the usual
residence of the governor. Fort William is more to-
wards the north ; and there is also a small battery
perched on the top of a single pyramidical mount,
called the Crow's Nest. The south-east limits of St.
John's Bay is formed by Cape Spear, about four miles
from the Narrows. Petty Harbour is a fishing station
of some importance, as is also the Bay of Bulls about
seven leagues from the mouth of the harbour. This
last is difficult of access on account of some sunken
rocks, but once in vessels are land locked and ride in
safety. [For topography, Kc, see " Cotoiiinl Lib-
retry," vol. vi,]
Of the Labrador coast wc know yet less than of the
NEWFOUNUIAND— GEOLOGY, CLIMATE, I'Ol'ULATION.
adjacent island of Newfoundland, to whose govern-
ment it belongs. It may be said to extend from 50
to the (Jlst degree of north latitude, and from TiCi (on
the Atlantic) to 78 (on Hudson's Day) west longitude,
the prevailing features being rocks, swamps, valleys,
and mountains.
IV. The prevailing rock on the Labrador coast is
;;neis. On this at Lanse k Loup, a bed of old red
sandstone is super-ground, about 200 feet thick, and
oxtending above half a mile inland. Here also, as on
every other i)art of the coast of Labrador visited, the
appearance of the cliffs, and of the land near them,
and the rolled masses itdand, which have evidently
been exposed to the action of the sea, seem to prove
that this has considerably receded. The sandstone is
generally red and white, in alternate stripes, and pre-
sents a remarkable mural front to the sea. Near the
surface it was strongly marked with iron. The whole
of the rock was composed of white (piartz and yellow
felsi)ar ; and the grains were generally as fine as oat-
mcnl, though occasionally coarser, even to the extent
of half an inch in diameter. Both coarse and fine bear
marks of being a mechanical deposit, being perfectly
distinct, without the least appearance of amalgama-
tion ; only a few exceptions occurring to this remark.
Over the red sandstone was a thin stratum of red
compact felspar, containing vegetable impressions,
and also horizontal. Above this were varieties of
secondary limestone, arranged in parallel strata several
feet thick, and full of shells. Detached masses of
primitive limestone were also found ; and a few miles
from the shore the secondary formations generally dis-
appeared, leaving gneis and mica slate on the surface.
The geology of the contiguous island of Newfound-
land is of lh(! same features as that on the Labrador
coast. The former abounds, it is said, with minerals
of various sorts. The oldest inhabitants assert that
Concei)tion Bay contains mines of several sorts, at
the head of Ciiapel Cove there is a co.il mine, a lime
kiln was erected in that neighbourhood some years
back and worked with tolerable success. There is
said to he an iron mine on the northern side of Belle-
isle, and another at Harbour Grace ; and many of
them affirm that there is a copper miirt near St.
261
John's, which has actually been worked by Cornish
miners brought out for that purpose. There is also
a ([uantity of that mineral called marcasite, copperas
stone, and horse gold (and which some of the earlier
discoverers mistook for the genuine metal) found
about Catalina Harbour. Coal has been fo\ind on the
banks of the Humbcr, and there ire excellent gypsum
quarries near Cape Ray. Although a large part of
the island consists of plains, studded with rocks, and
termed " barrens," there is a considerable extent of
alluvial soil capable of growing wheat and other grain.
Springs of fresh water everywhere abound, and the
island is well adapted for the pasturage of horned
cattle on an extensive scale.
V. The climate of Newfoundland varies according
to the locale of the island, whether i\orth or south,
and the weather, although severe, is less fierce than
that of Lower Canada, while during a long winter the
brilliancy of the Aurora Borealis and the splendid
lustre of the moon and stars give peculiar beauty to
the atmosphere.
The longevity of the inhabitants is the best proof
of the salubrity of Newfoundland, in no country is
old age attended with greater bodily vigour and men-
tal animation. There are instances of fishermen 100
j years of age being actively employed in the arduous
I duties of their calling.
I On the coast of Labrador the winter is extremely
I severe, the thermometer often falling 30" below the
freezing point, and although the houses of the Mora-
vian Missionaries are heated by large cast iron stoves,
the windows and walls are all the winter covered with
ice, and the bed clothes freeze to the walls ; rum is
frozen in the air as rapidly as water, and rectified
j spirits soon become thick like oil. [For an account
j of the fogs, &c., see " Cnluniul Library," Vol. VI.]
I VI. In conse(iuence of the extensive fisheries car-
I ried on along its coasts, the population of Newfound-
i land necessarily fluctuates, and it is difficult to obtain
' an exact census. In 1806, the number of mouths
were estimated at 26,50,'). I have obtained two more
recent censuses, the one for 1822 from the House of
Commons Library, the other for 1827-8 from the
Colonial Office.
Population of Newfoundland in 1822-3, and in 1827-8.
Districts.
1822-3.
182'
f-8.
Males.
Females.
Total*
Males.
Females.
Total.
Repre-
sentatives
St. John's, North .
8014
4995
13009
8958
0207
15165
3
Conception Bay
11130
7670
1W800
10271
7588
17859
4
Trinity ....
2517
1784
4301
3017
2136
51, 53
Bonavista
2500
1678
4178
2684
1987
4671
Twillingate and Fogo
1830
975
2805
2181
1360
3,547
Bay Bulls
445
367
812
650
490
11401
1976 J
Fcrryland
699
607
1306
1151
825
Trepassy and St. Mary's .
230
192
422
496
351
847
Placentia
2217
924
3141
2017
785
2802
Burin ....
1134
524
1058
1512
608
2120
Fortune Bay .
1030
695
1725
1680
1128
2808
31746
20411
any distan
52157
t parts of
34G17
the coast
23471
, which '
58088
15
1
Add for i)ersons distributed along m
2000
those taking the census couh
i not visit
•
•
■
• J
,11 i I . -
>'.. *.',
King's troops, 340.
60088
262
NEWFOUNDLAND.— POPULATION.
m h
In 1822, marriages, 516; births, 1,675; dpatlis,
735, In 1827, marriages, 442 ; births, 1,H7'J ; deaths,
6yfi. It will be readily conceived, by tlic great dis-
proportion in number of births over the deaths, how
rapidly the population is increasing.
A more complete census than either of the forego-
ing was taken in 1825, and fur which I am indebted
alot)g with other documents to the Firm of Robinson,
Brooking 8i Co. It is thought that in all the southern
districts the population has di'crmsvd since the peiiec,
but in the neighbourhood of St. John's, where the snil
is more fertile, an<l where there is a more abundant
stock of capital afloat, population has increased.
Popiilatldii of Ncwfniiiiilland, as per census taken In the year IB'J.I.
Districts.
St. Jnlin's
Bay HnlU
l''crrylan(l
Tropassy aiul St. Mary's
Placontlns
Uiirin and Morticr
St. Lawrence
rortuiie liny
Conception Bay
'rrinity Buy
Bonuvista and Greens-
pniiil
Fogo and Twillintjate . .
Totnl....
fl
,
I
fc
1
e
o
S
1842
14111
!)R
104
243
llti
.'KiH
I40n
114
,171
aa
13(1
71S
HIO
M'.'O
3770
765
710
22H
1426
2(i<J
IIIIJO
6131
11. 137
IHIil
!)3
•.!32
U q
si
.16,1
38
1.1
Not (listingslid.
318
1»7
37
663
13UII
7f'l>
317
460
6211
141
03
24
334
23,1,1
113
504
24
4210
S63l
446
708
1440
421
12!)
14S4
syiio
1100
1856
9UU
20204
.13
2767
20
IHI
201
31/
1701
1,1
180
347
o
6732
1 1(12,1
7!)3
lt!W
hOO
3s;2
I3.l!l
36.1
4:i23
I6(i2(i
3502
4.11 1
3105
•Si
o
46(M)
56
ltl7
400
2(1011
6,-6
Kill
41100
K300
3000
33H4
23UU
4,1751) I 2(J877
AIIowuib: for passengers, <)6o, tlie total would he 51,719.
The marriages witliiu the year were ,loO, the hirths IHOO, and the deaths 710.
The number of French on our coast of Newloundlund, and from which Englishmen are
excluded, is itaid to amount to 12,000.
When Newfoundland was first visited after the
general discovery of the continent of America, it was
found to contain two distinct races of men — the one
termed Red Indian, the other the Ksquimaux ; both
are now almost extinct, the former perhaps en-
tirely so, as recriminating I. stilities were waged
between them and the early settlers, who shot and
speared each other whenever an occasion presented
itself. The destruction of the Red Indians was not
owing solely to the European, but in fact, mainly to
the exterminating war earned on against the former
by the Mic-Mac Indians, who arriveil in the island, in
considerable numbers, from Nova Scotia and Cape
Breton.
The [B.B.] at the Colonial Office for \»?,C, gives
the following census of European population : —
ELECTORAL
DISTRICTS.
St. John's
Conception Bay . .
Trinity Bay
Bonavista Bay
Fogo
Ferryland
Placcntia & St. Mary's.
Burin
Fortune Bay
Total . . .
The area in square miles has not been ascertained;
the boundary of each district townids the interior,
having never been correctly defined. The population
to the square mile cannot be ascertained or rnlcu-
lated, the interior of the island not being settlul or
inhal)ited. The population is dispersed along the
margin of the sea coast ; except about St. John's,
very few buildings are to be found, beyond one mile
from the sea.
Although the agriculture of this colony is progrcs.
sively increasing, yet there are comparatively few |)er-
sons employed in it exrlusirdy, the population beiii;;
nearly all employed in the fisheries. Almost every
family, however, have a small quantity of land in cul-
tivation.
The commerce cannot be ascertained accurately, as
it is carried on mainly in vessel.s, whicli, as well as
their crews, belong to other countries. Accurate re-
turns of the births, marriages, deaths, &c , eoiil'l
not lie procured, as no register of burials is kept in
the Roman Catholic Church.
The Esquimaux, who are thinly scattered on the
Labrador coast, are similar to the Ciieenlaiulers, the
language of the latter affording a dialect for the former;
in summer they live in tents prepared like tl;ose of
the Grecnlandors, but in winter tlieir habitations are
constructed in a dilferent manner : chusing a large
drift of snow, the Esquimaux digs a hole in it cor-
responding with the dimensions of the intended house;
pieces of snow, three feet long, two in breadth, and
one foot thick, are then cut and placed in the form of
an arch over the hole; instead of a window an aper-
ture is cut in the arch, and a slab of clear ice admits
sufficient light ; the entrance to the dwelling is loni;,
winding and very low, and another slab of thick ice
tonus the door. In the middle of the house is an ele-
vation of snow 20 inches high, covered with skins ami
used as the sleeping place. Such is the extraiudiiiary
construction of an Esquimaux's dwelling for nine
months of the year.
It is very |f
inaux on the
Vlll
*->
Name
u
Mis
■n
St. JoliiJ
Petty llj
Torbay .
l'ortugal|
Pouch
Harbour
a Carbonel
n
Port dc (
Trinity.
Hearts
Content
Bonovist
Green's
Twilling
Harboui
Britain
Besides 1
Wesleyan, th
testant Epis(
they are paid
the Society.
There ai
Clergymen o
quite distinct
mit of their 1
There h
suasions, th(
than the Epi
VIII. The
derived fror
blished for
'irm of Robinson,
n all the Houthrrii
/ since the peace,
I'a, where the soil
more abundant
3 increased.
107
IIKI
)m
(II)
lUU
ion
lUU
IH4
lOU
i;7
The population
:aincd or cnlcu-
bfiiig settlij (i:-
Jrscd along tlie
iout St. John's,
leyond oni' inilv
ilony is i)rogrcs.
ativx'ly l'cw|)ur-
l)ulation bein-;
Almost every
of land in ciil-
accurately, as
ich, as well as
Accurate re-
s, &c , could
ials is kept in
attcrcd on the
oiilanders, the
tor the former;
like those of
habitations are
using a lari-'o
hole in it cor-
ntendcd house;
n breadth, anil
in the form of
ndovv an aper-
ear ice atlinits
veiling is lonsr,
b of thick ice
ouse is an elc-
with skins and
extraorciiiiaiy
lling fur nine
Ni;\VFOIINI)I,ANn.— RKI.iniON.
t68
It is very probable that the number of the Ivtipii- I ertioiis nf the philanthropic Moravians is raiiidly dc-
inaux on the Labrador coast, notsvitliHtanding the ex- | creasin,^.
VII. Return of the number of Churchoi, Livings, &c., of Newfoundland in 183(). [U. B.]
Name of the
Mission.
c
55
St. John's .. ..
Petty Harbour .
Torbay
Portugal Cove .
Pouch Cove. . ..
Harbour (irnce
Carboncar ....
Port dc Grave. .
(,'hureh,
Where situated.
Trinity.
o
O
6
ca
c
3
t
o
(fa
Hearts
Content
No. of
Persons
it will
contain.
No. of
IVr.ions
generally
attendincr
Chapels,
Where situated.
Bonavista
Green's Pond
Twillingate
Harbour
Britain
St. John's ..
I'l'tty Harbour
Torbay . .
I'ortugal Cove
Pouch Cove. .
Harbour Grace . .
Carboncar . .
Upper Island (.'ove
Mosquito
Hay de Verds
Port de Grave . .
Barenced
Bay Piobcrts . . , .
Bread & Cheese Co.
Trinity
r.nglish Harbour . .
Catalina
New Harbour
Lilly Cove ..
New Bonaventure
Old Bonaventure
Salmon Cove
New Perlican
Old I'erlican
Heart's Content .
Heart's Delight ..
Bonavista . .
King's Cove..
Keels
Green's Pond
Salvage
Fair Island . .
Twill ingate ..
Mocten's Harbour
Fogo
None.
lino
.'too
:t(i()
;u)()
fiOl)
701)
200
700
700
700
200
f.OO
IfiO
l.'iO
200
l.'')0
l.'iO
IfiO
I.IO
l.'iO
100
700
150
I.-)0
700
l;-)0
100
700
100
150
No. of
Persons
it will
contain.
C, to 800
200
100
200
200
not opnd,
:iOO
150
700
700
700
150
400
100
100
'.)0
120
100
80
i:?o
150
50
;?oo
100
St. John's.
Tort)ny.
Portugal Cave.
Petty Harbour.
In the other dis-
tricts of the C;o-
lony the Catho-
lic; Chapels are
as under, viz.
Conception Bay.
Trinity Bay.
Bonavista liny.
Fogo.
Ferrylanil.
['laccntia.
Burin, respecting
which, no accu-
rate information
as to the number
of persons they
will contain, or
the number
generally attend-
ing, can be pro-
cured at present,
4000
2000
1000
•2000
No. of
Persons
generally
attending
4000
1500
f.OO
f.OO
11:
o
o
Chapels
7
1
2
No return
r.
4
1
U.C.
do.
do.
do.
f.OO
100
COO
100
' 1
f
1
Pi
Besides two Dissenting places of worship at St. John's, one of which is Congregational and the other
Wesleyan, there are 27 in the different scattered settlements of the Colony, all of them Wesleyan. The Pro-
testant Episcopal Clergymen in this colony are all Missinnarics appointed by the Society P.G.F., by whom
they are paid. The Archdeacon receives 300/. per annum from Government, in addition to his stipend from
the Society.
There are, in fact, no parishes (as the term is generally understood) in this Colony. The respective
Clergymen of the difl'erent religious persuasions, have each a district appropriated to his spiritual charge,
quite distinct (as to limits and extent) from each other. Nor can they be made to correspond, so as to ad-
mit of their being brought into the view required by this return.
There has usually existed a very commendable harmony of religious feeling between the different per-
suasions, the Wesleyans, Roman Catholics, Congrcgationists, and Dissenters generally being more numerous
than the Episcopalian Church, over which there is an archdeacon ; the Romish Church has a bishop.
'•WM
if-' 'll
5 ' 'I
: 4
■i
VIII. The following table relative to education is
derived from a most praiseworthy institution, esta-
blished for promoting sound knowledge among the
poor of our North American Colonies ; and it fully
deserves the warmest encouragement and support.
I«4
NFAVFOIINDLAND— F.nUCATIOX.
i i
r
t\ I
p
H
1
i V
I 1
.9
Omy Hcliooli.
HUD.NehuoU.
Adit. Hehooli
tnrtlvidaali.
Prinrlpitl S»»tlnn«, with their llrnnch
1.
§1
§1
1,
KchiMila, (pf llu- NfWfdiinillHnd
1
7
I
S
3 '3
h
J
anil llrltUh North AiiiiTlcnri Si lioiil
Society.
i
"1
"1
g^
h|
X
'A
•A
s«
Bt. John'K Coi.tral School
IHU
I14H
131
331
1279
121
Uiilill Villi
inn
U»
, .
iin
85
, ,
Klvor lU'ttilof southnlilc
^Dranch
'schools
\>fiH
IM
24
1 17
30
170
30
KIkiiuI Hill
IHJH
!,U
80
, ,
3S
,.
Portiiifnl Cove
,
IN'iM
INO
73
too
, ,
13
309
73
Tnrhay
•
IH'iN
so
, ,
Sfl
Trinity
IHti.t
•I'l;
un
11)3
40
137
34
343
135
Ship Cove
*
IH'JH
HO
40
00
40
6U
4U
North Mile
IHU8
71
41
71
41
7»
41
CiickoliI'M Cove
! '. vnitto.
IN-JR
Afi
40
SA
40
A6
40
Olil lloiinventiirc
1 8-^!)
til
37
64
37
A4
37
South Slile
IHII'i
r,:\
40
S.l
40
, ,
53
40
llnrhour (iriico .
• *
IN'J.'i
4:ii
121)
412
123
HS
ill
S3H
178
Mosiiuitn
•1
1H28
Ktl
22
77
, ,
81)
22
I'ppi'r Inland Cove
. \ Ditto.
|N^9
151
S.)
, ,
ISl
53
River IlcHil
J
In:iii
\r,i
. .
_']
151
Fort-ile-(itHve .
IHW
Md
i:i2
3JS
1:15
lOB
428
ioi
ClIplllK
; } Ditto.
IH:IU
aii
..
, .
. ,
30
. .
Unriiu'cd
IH:ii
I'jii
58
152
71
'h:\
174
71
llonavlsta .
• . •
IHVO
551
2;:i
308
807
I3g
24
721
311
UriKiiH
•
IH:i^
i;7
14U
227
130
30
17
254
31 A
Hiirnl Head .
. .
im:iu
58
50
, ,
58
5)1
Petty lliirhoiir .
.
IHJ.'J
187
'6j
12(1
73
77
207
81
Maildox Cove .
• • *
IH'iH
, ,
30
Spnnlnril'B Uay .
.
lH<.<i)
207
DO
10«
ion
"63
28
331
iss
TwillinKiitc
* ■ <
18!i»
102
S2
112
54
SO
lOM
inn
Joiikin'H Cove
•} Ditto.
ih:io
72
5(1
73
so
llerrinK Neclc .
ih:i()
•10
fio
.,
«3
Grcen'R Pond
• ■ .
IH'iH
iHa
i:io
220
ills
75
30
251
i(i2
Swnln'i Isliuiil
; } Ditto.
IH'i!)
•Jt)
__
22
22
KooI'h iHlaiid ,
IH'JO
45
32
47
32
47
32
nay KolicrtB .
•
IH-IU
100
40
54
34
10
139
79
Jiigglcr's Cove
•
IHM
• •
20
29
29
29
Western Hay
■ * •
1h:ii
107
1)8
30
137
Mttle Placontla .
.
1h:i2
85
••
11
••
9(1
• •
Total
s:ii5
1733
3540
152!)
1072
154
6500
2312
If supported by Govern-
Name of the Parish,
Public or Free
No. of Scholars.
Mode of
ment or voluntary contri-
butions, and amount of
Expcnsoi!
and in what County or
School,
each.
of each
District.
and where situated.
Instruction.
School.
Male.
Feml.
Total.
Government.
Voluntary.
St. John's
Orphan Asylum Free
School.
216
216
Lancasterlan.
j^lOO
.£115
mn
Ditto
Presentation Con-
averaging near |
Same as the
100
About 300
150
vent.
600
600
like schools
in Ireland.
Ilai hour Grace ..
St. Patrick's Free
School.
■•
••
100
St. John's
Schools established
21S
"
Three branch schools at
by the Newfound-
, ,
14S
^
South Side, Portugal
land and British
a>
Cove, and Torbay
North America
a
Harbour Grace.
School Society, at
, ,
112
^
Three branch schools at
the several places
, ,
177
u
Musqulto,IslandCove,
mentioned in the
a.
a
and Bread and Cheese
preceding column.
Cove.
«
Trinity
. . . . . .
103
1
Eight branch schools at
. ■ . . . .
. ,
304
rs
300
*
North Side, South Side,
Ship Cove, Cuckold's
Cove, Old and New
1
Bonaventuro, Heart's
Content, and Bay de
s
Verds.
£
Brigas
. . . .
122
>^
Port de Grave . .
102
Spaniard's Bay ..
105
h
Greenspond
116
(S3
Twillingate
70
Petty Harbour . .
65
Q
llonavlsta
•■
384
* No account of the funds or expenses of these schools are kept in the colony, the contributions for the most part
being made in England, where also the management of the affairs of the schools is entirely con(:.:cted.
Sinrr tlir fstl
thr ffinttli- schif
portiotinte Im i|
sihiml in cDti'lii
iiriliT, withiMit
i|ltlMUiill« llllllil
liilnu!, 'I'hn sell
IKirtiii by Dr.
General Si
NFAVKOUNOI.AN
Since tlic i'iitBl)llshmentof tin- I'rcsciitutloii ScIumiI,
tlir fcnmlu ncholnrH hnvc been witlidrawii, nnd h |ini'
portioimti' IncrrHtp nl' hoys Ims tiikrn plnci'. TIiih
!(clu)"l Ih condiicft'il liy tlvi' Indirs <il' tlic miiis of tliiit
ordiT, without nny n'rnmieratioii ; flif Hiipcrinr siiprr-
intondiiiK iiiidiT tlic Cufl" lie lii»liii|) lor the tiiiu-
l)cini<. 'I'lie scliool, it is suiu, (;»« hitliirto l)ci'n sup-
ported by Dr. Hi'minK, the pri'si .,r bishop ; but the
Coloidid l.c'Kishitwrc Ims, this year, vof^'d th(.' : uii of
inoi. per luinuin for its supp(/rt, tor tht- /Ivr years
(wliiig C.th May, In II.
J>.— F.miCATION.
■iM
Tbp KducBtion Art pni^od in the Inst tii^ion of the
l.i'KiMlntiiro having liri'ii oidy partiiilly lirouKlit Into
o|ii'riitioii, iiM ri'turns of the kchooJH fstablishcd under
It can ytt be made.
The Halarien of the mastnrs, nii»trf»«e(i, nnd traeher*
of these Hebools (iiniountinn to about I,.'i00/. per
unnnni) are piild out of the funds of the soclnfy,
towards which the I.c^islaturt' has votecl the sum of
.'too/, for each of the live ycart rndhiR the fith May,
iNtl.
rn-
itri-
of
ry.
Expenses
of each
.School.
5
Ocneral Statement oi ^he SchooU of the Newfoundland nnd Brlti«h North Amcricnn Society for
Kducttting the I'oor.
1
a
Pay Schools.
Sun. SchooU.
Adult Schools.
Indivi(
^1
luals.
Principal Stationg,
with their Uranch Schools
«-3
.1
'3
otal
litted.
lU
^.S
"
H s
f. b
o "^
o •'*
J3
1
'''^J
"S
^•^
■§
■A^
'^^%
1^
*^
w
4-*
■^
St. J(din's .
1824
1480
2 1 .".
221
1701
215
Quidi VidI .
lH2:i
114
124
25
..
110
25
South Side
IHL'H
181
3'.
140
10
111
40
Signal Mill, suspended
1H2H
.00
, .
, ,
, J
^ ,
25
Portugal (Jove
1H2H
2U4
60
114
50
, ,
227
60
Torhay .
1H2H
36
:)2
66
41
79
50
Pouch Cove .
1H37
. ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
Trinity
IH^.')
316
106
246
87
169
428
137
North side
1H2H
86
43
86
43
h6
43
Southside
1HM2
83
42
83
42
^ ,
83
42
Ship Cove
IH28
71
■M
71
37
, ,
71
37
Cuckold's Cove
IH2H
7;»
40
73
40
, ,
73
40
Old Bonavtnt\ire
1829
71
25
71
25
, ,
71
25
New Bonaventurc .
18;)5
3r>
29
35
29
, ,
35
29
Heart's Content
18?,f)
60
60
96
96
, ,
96
96
Bay-de-Verd .
i8:tf)
42
42
57
57
, ,
57
57
Harbour Grace .
182.-)
.'■.18
112
473
160
85
652
200
Mosquito
1828
86
,,
109
22
109
22
Island Cove .
1829
1,53
.'3
64
64
, ,
153
71
Spaniard's Bay
1829
2.56
105
247
112
74
292
142
River Head, suspended
InHo
l.'-.l
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
151
Western Bay, ditto
18111
107
, ,
98
, ,
30
1,-1 7
Port de Grave
1829
304
102
368
124
109
467
142
Bareneed
1831
14.5
72
178
116
63
199
121
Bay Roberts, suspended
1829
128
, ,
73
, ,
10
139
Jugglers Cove, ditto
1832
, ,
, ,
35
, ,
, ,
35
Cupid's ditto .
1830
36
, ,
, ,
, ,
36
Bonavista .
1826
672
2H4
412
231
146
891
326
King's Cove .
1834
61
5.-.
41
38
, ,
81
71
Keels
1836
30
30
60
60
, ,
60
60
Brigus
1832
233
92
269
73
42
323
110
Burnt Head .
1832
, ,
, ,
63
45
, ,
63
45
Salmon Cove .
1836
, ,
, ,
72
70
72
70
Petty Harbour .
182.'}
210
66
148
74
77
236
74
Maddox Cove, suspended
1828
36
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
36
Twillingate
1829
137
70
142
93
59
207
100
Jenkins' Cove
1830
, ,
, ,
79
46
, ,
79
46
Herring Neck, suspended
1836
40
^ ,
60
, ,
, ,
80
Greenspond
1828
260
116
289
109
75
334
116
Fools Island .
1829
56
32
56
32
, ,
56
32
Swains Island
lSi'9
20
20
20
20
, ,
20
20
Little Placentia, suspended
1832
85
, ^
11
, ,
, ,
96
Carbonear, ditto
. 1825
116
••
85
••
20
136
6745
1975
4714
2101
1180
97
8193
2664
p ,^i}
?P»
<i-'i
'^'i
^ .
^ ji
^ '4
I f I
This is a valuable institution, and deserves to be extended throughout the colonies.
M M
•1
■i
I
3G6
NEWFOUNDl.AXn.— CRIMK AND GAOLS, GO\T,RNMEN'T, &c.
IX, Return of the Number of Prisoners in the Gaols of Newfoundland throughout the Year.
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of No. of Felons.
Misdemeanours
1
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of \mtried
Prisoners.
w
i
Male
Fm.
Totl.
1
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male
1 1
Fm.JTotl Male
Fm. Totl.
1
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
a
1828
18
18
7
7 , 11
—
11
12
12 6
6
none
182'J
23
I
24
—
—
—
—
1
1
23
—
23
20
—
20 3
I
4
none
1830
20 1
21
1
—
1
—
1
I
18
—
18
15
—
15
4
1
.'■>
none
1831
18
1
19
—
—
—
2
—
2
14
1
15
If.
—
IG
2
1
3
1
18?2
21
—
21
1
—
1
•)
—
2
17
—
17
15
—
15
f.
—
C,
1
1833
4.-^
—
45
4
—
4
5
4
9
3fi
3
39
18
—
18
25
3
28
1
1834
30
—
30
—
—
10
—
10
18
1
19
2f.
1
27
4
—
4
1
1835
12
—
12
2
—
2
2
—
2
6
—
5
4
—
4
6
—
f,
noiu-
1836
225
14
239
17
~~
17
178
7
185
30
7
37
13
1
14
6
~—
C>
nono
X. The island affairs are administered by a House
of Assembly, consisting of 1,'i members, chosen by the
people. The qualification for an elector is universal
household suffrage — that of a representative, being a
householder of two years' standing. A Legislative
and Executive Council is auuod to the House of
Assembly.
Newfoundland has had a resident governor ever
since the year 1 728, and amongst the distinguished
officers who have held that office, we find the names
of Rodney, OsOorne, Byng, Hardy, Graves, &c. Civil
and justiciary courts were early established ; and a
superior court was added about 1750. In 18.'(2, a
representative government was given to Newfound -
land, similar to that enjoyed at Nova Scotia.
The laws are in English, and administered by cir-
cuit courts. There is no militia in the island, and
the police are few in number.
XL The revenue is derived from custom duties,
licenses, &c.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Expenditu
re of Newfoundland.
Separate Head of Expenditure.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
183.5.
i83r..
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Civil Department (Salaries)
13401
13303
—
4541
5301
5177
5063
4975
50-15
Ditto (Contingencies) .
1 HC,
189
—
211
360
331
13
46
4M
Customs Establishment
5<)2H
4588
3860
3898
4110
3818
3751
4,5,'-. 1
5011
Judicial Department (Salaries)
2r)3(;
3382
17201
7079
6009
7341
4709
4954
3M10
Ditto (Contingencies) .
—
—
—
2641
4200
5390
1150
1536
]\n
Police and Magistracy .
—
—
—
—
—
1001
1752
1752
3150
Ecclesiastical Department
—
—
—
370
445
440
375
375
300
Legislative Department
—
—
—
—
—
1725
1094
1253
131)0
Printing, Advertizing, & Stationery
—
—
—
—
—
—
520
376
302
Gaol Expenses ....
—
—
—
—
—
~~
600
785
684
Coroners
—
—
—
—
—
—
140
132
12f.
Fuel and Light ....
—
—
—
—
—
—
220
192
203
Repairs of Court House and Gaols
—
—
—
—
. —
—
600
289
617
Ditto Government Buildings
902
579
2237
5256
993
1494
470
591
391
Relief of the Poor
1117
770
860
1019
1444
2725
3175
591
602
Repairing and making Roads, &c.
—
235
—
350
304
362
1021
1245
7. "'.■('.)
Vaccination ....
—
—
—
—
—
—
499
4
Postages and other Incidentals
—
—
—
—
—
150
108
120
Redemption of Trrasxiry Notes
—
—
—
—
—
—
4490
—
Votes for Individual and Special
Services
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
397
362
Miscellaneous Contingencies
79
,'-.4
277
.'>65
183
—
546
45
319
Hire of Colonial Vessel
2300
2200
2300
2300
2300
—
2300
—
Pensions and Gratuities
—
380
980
680
_
80
4H4
246
Votes in aid of Public Institutions
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
."■..'lO
Disbursements under Education Act
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1118
Fog Guns
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
446
Erection of New Court Houses .
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 529
Taking the Census
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
500
Miscellaneous ....
—
—
933
60
3210
123
917
—
■ — •
Total .
26561
25302
28051
29273
29543
30009
26266
31632
36019
Expenditure of Newfoundland in 1836. — Ordinary I Civil Department, 5,045/.; contingent expenditure,
and fixed expense of the departments of government — '47/.; total, 5,093/. Customs Establishment, 4,208/,;
contingent ex pL'i
and Circuit Cou
1,473/.; total, 5,
Ecclesiastical I)e
ment, 49.5/.; c(
1,390/. Pensioi
20,473/. [B. B
Hernpitul/ilioii
Establishment, !
Judicial Establi;
ture, 2,901/.
Miscellaneous E:
Total, 36,019/.
F.cclcsiastical Est
tain, the remaiiK
Commissuritil
Supplies purcha
provisions and
fuel and light pu
Separate
Imperial Custi
under Acts |)
Ditto, subsequi
Colonial Custo
Rents of Crowi
Process of Cro'
of Rents red
Fund from licei
Fines .
Miscellaneous
Amount of Par
XII. Newfounc
a most importar
lisheries, and th
Great B
Years.
Val.£
N
IH'J2
2!
iHj;t
'it
18'J6
•2
IH'J?
2
IK'itf
551597
2
ih;iu
546H3!I
2
ik:ii
5;i0!)54
2
1k:i2
45(i9;i7
2
lh;t;l
;i;l-2i»:il
2
lK:it
2!)24lr.
ib;!.'!
.')()64<)()
2
1W6
3o:i(>4i)
1
isa2
1 ..
ln2:i
, J
lh2S
iS'j;
, ,
i»n
2:t9784
i8:io
|252:lS(|
1H31
l:ii);i5K4
is;i2
;:t.-.():w5
w.a
257471
|s:i4
2-.n4i)i
)Hn
2<)8:)54
\Ki6
'310271
> Year.
_
-
ntried
lers.
w
.
Totl.
6
none
4
none
T)
none
3
1
G
1
28
1
4
1
fi
none
6
none
es, Sec. Civil
shed ; and a
In IS.'L', a
■) Xewfound-
3tia.
tercd l)y cir-
! island, aiul
stom duties,
55.
183(;,
.
,f.
aV")
50-1 r,
4f
4H
I,")!
5011
3.^.4
3f<l(l
)3r)
147.'^
?52
31-.0
nr)
300
253
1390
iV>
30:2
lSi>
(■|84
32
ll'f,
92
203
89
(il7
91
391
91
M2
4-)
7539
99
4
08
120
90
—
97
3(12
45
319
00
—
84
24(;
550
1118
44 f)
1.529
500
.— .
32j
3f,0I9
Xp£
ndifure,
nt,
4,20S(.;
NEWFOUNDLAND.— FINANCE, COMMERCE.
267
contingent expenditure, 803/.; total, 5,011/. Supreme
and Circuit Courts, 3,810/. ; contingent expenditure,
1,473/. ; total, .'>,283/. Police and Magistracy, 3,150/.
Fcclesinstical Department, 300/, Legislative Depart-
ment, 495/. ; contingent expenditure, 895/. ; total,
1,390/. Pensions and gratuities, 246/. Grand total,
20,473/. [B. B.]
liecnpitulntion of the Estahlishment in 1836. — Civil
Kstablisliment, 9,748/.; contingent expenditure, 1746/.
Judicial Establishment, 6,960 ; contingent expendi-
ture, 2,901/. Ecclesiastical Establishment, 300/.
Miscellaneous Expenditure, 14,117/. Pensions, 246/.
Total, 36,019/. Of this sum only the 300/. for the
Ecclesiastical Establishment is defrayed by Great Bri-
tain, the remainder is paid by the colony.
Commissariat Department. — Paid by Great Britain.
Supplies purchased on the spot, 3,413/.; value of
provisions and forage sent from England, 1,274/.;
fuel and light purchased on the spot, 13/. ; ditto sent
from England, 976/. ; transport, 95/. ; [)ay of com-
missariat ollicers and extra statf, 764/. ; military al-
lowances, 277/. ; contingencies, 208/. ; ordnance,
5883/. Total, 12,909/. [B. B.J
Ordnance, 1836. — Paid by Great Britain. Military
— Subsistence of royal artillery, 2,515/.; ditto en-
gineers, 327/. ; Artillery department, incidents, 34/. ;
total, 2,876/. Civil — Works and repairs (ordnance)
639/.; do. (barracks), 1,237; Engineer contingencies
f postage), II. ; pay of Clerk of Works, &c. (ordnance)
501/.; civil branch store-keepers departm. 330/. ; civil
pensions, 32/.; i)ay of Barrack Sergeants, 88/.; Barrack
'^^aster's expenditure, 166/.; total, 2995/. Commissa-
n,,!: Department, 12,909/. Grand total, 18,780/. [B.B.]
F.cclesiastical Establishment, 440/. ; of which the
Archdeacon receives 300/. The renminder is made
up with contingencies in the civil, judicial, and other
departments. The island is now re(|uired to defray its
whole expenditure without any parliamentary grant.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue of N
ewfoundland.
[B.B.]
Separate Tax or Duty.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
Iiupi'rial Customs Revenue, viz.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
under Acts prior to 18 Geo. IIL
14323
15123
2557
2351
2050
2002
2171
2021
1864
Ditto, subsequent
—
—
8468
13272
11754
10665
88512
11793
10660
Colonial Customs Revenue .
—
—
—
—
—
—
6550
20436
20882
Rents of Crown Lands
902
1087
1022
967
744
772
905
602
613
Process of Crown Lands sold and
of Rents redeemed .
—
—
194
65
400
324
209
343
Fund from licensing Public-houses
725
960
1056
1008
1152
988
838
1 136
858
Fines ......
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Miscellaneous ....
21
23
101
107
131
—
—
4
Amount of Parliamentary Grant .
—
—
11261
11261
11261
—
—
—
—
Total
15972
17194
24468
29162
27157
14829
196.52
36202
35222
XIL Newfoundland has been rightly considered as
a most important colony by reason of its valuable
fisheries, and the hardy race of seamen who are
trained up in that useful pursuit. In 181.5-16, the
tonnage inwards was about 100,000 tons; 1819-20,
80,000 tons ; 1826-27, 90,000 tons ; and since thus—
IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OK NEWFOUNDLAND.
[B. B.J
Great Britain.
West
Indies
North America.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
Years.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. £
Val..*-
No.
Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
VaL£
No.
Tons.
Val..*'
No.
Tons.
Men.
l!<22
2P7
asifi-
274
20818
, ,
178
22037
..
749
81022
in.':t
'i«9
;t9ni:H
, .
..
254
21015
201
23(i50
7.53
84478
IH'i6
•279
;)iii9()
. .
29.'>
21594
27r
33316
851
93106
, ,
IH27
l!79
a7.''i95
..
2fiS
22417
239
30368
78()
90:180
IH'il)
5.') 1597
27.'>
;iH()(is
73.')!)fi
86286
■MO
27507
107920
197
24915
8 1 9399
791
53090
5278
1H3I)
,')46HH9
2HB
:<9«5()
4IH44
8H442
:t2l
2fi:)6:l
.. : 91291
221
28204
71)8417
828
94423
5462
lH:tl
5:t09.54
■m
.17'>77
6(ia07
1176,'.!
■Mr,
;)0643
24486
.S
238 117993
215
28111
829:155
877
96564
5581
ik:)2
4.'>(H):)7
2()-i
:tfiiifi7
44757
1(111227
:t88
29454
6708O
56
6104
85620
149
20719
763623
858
92344
,S347
l»<:l:l
Mi'jM
•2bl
3,') 1 71
49767
109722
417
33012
101689
73
8787
69967
151
18872
664076
892
95842
5555
IKIU
■itfiiir,
..
419(11
710211
56552
1:1 1938
612441
..
IH^S
miom
211
30B21
524S1
6oso;t
311
31983
28910
50
5828
153181
249
34601
671:174
851
1032:13
5801
18J6
3o:i(i49
186
26646
34492
6fl46H
32;t
297 18
3:1553
:I9
5720
191352
262
367461
632576
81U
98830
5523
From Elsewhere, in 1834, value, 12,755/. ; 1835, 9,502/. j I8:i6, 9,062/.
1H22
1H23
lii26
1827
1S29
1U30
1S31
IH32
I8:i3
ls;14
1MI5
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF NEWFOUNDLAND.
[B. n.]
.,
14fi
17457
, ,
281
24299
, ,
, ,
321
388591
■48
1 80615
, ,
116
12238
. ,
272
25725
. ,
. .
35:1
•42569
741
' 80532
171
19770
. ,
32li
30557
••
328
40223
825
90550
..
161
20182
311
33114
291
:)5667
776
88963
2:19784
147
17766
84199
601,56
350
:i6544
, ,
. ,
30616:1
271i
4i.'<83 690309
775
b9Ui3
252389
158
19054
85140
55080
;i57
37610
,.
292771
284
:i57l8 685682
799
92382
393584
181
21764
634:19
888 19
432
43159
136
277554
22:1
27575 803534
836
92198
350:l35
167
2128
67646
77582
424
38749
2567
23
2727
2IH5S
195
21700 709589
809
86:104
257471
151
18515
51924
58037
444
41544
18605
29
3515
2:12955
221
27:186 61 8992
845
90960
250491
233
16500
51535
;I5210
443
24146
9:190
25
2871
34988IJ
270
41052 706620
971
78422
2i)8;)'-i4
156
20040
60468
:i4198
402
46272
25143
26
;1448 ,34548!)
249 :t-'llo| 765977
833
IOI87O
31 6271
145
18546
7909:1
64166
376
42144
28IJ81
18
21.57
:i47877
216
;i27IOl 850334 i
785
9.5557
6255
5431
5341
5002
54 1 8
5895
5785
5523
To Ebcwhere, in 1834, value, 7,119/.; is:i5, 2,314/.; 1 ;)6, 13,916/.
'r "i
I.!
' "• .
* 1 1 *
:!
2G8
NEWFOUNDLAND.— COMMERCE.
ii
tji! ji
*[
\ t'l
There is a considerable portion of sliipping belong-
ing to Newfoundland, and registered in the island.
1 have only the following years : —
Colonial shipping tonnage, belonging to and regis-
tered at Newfoundland— In 1826, 20,548 tons; 1827,
22,105 tons; 1828, 25,385 tons ; 1829, 27,319 tons ;
1830, 29,465 tons; 1831, tons; 1832,
tons; 1833, tons; 1834, tons; 1835,
tons; 1836, tons.
The principal imports consist of bread, flour, pork
and beef, butter, rum, molasses, wine, brandy, and
gin, coffee, tea, sugar, oatmeal, salt, pease and beans,
lumber, &c.
We may now proceed to examine the extent of the
fisheries, and first with regard to the quantity caught
and exported at several intervals. In 1790, the ex-
port of fish from the island was, quintals 656,000 ; in
1800, quintals 382,000. The following is a consecu-
tive return laid before Parliament in 1H28, and its
valup is enhanced by specifying the countries to which
the (ish were exported.
Fish caught and exported from Newfoundland.— Periods ending lOth of October in each year.
1804
1805
1806
I8O7
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813 1814
1815
1816
Fish made, quintals
••
40(i:)14
520552 478765
677761
No specific returns
618494
709163
8 16000 865132
866580
8192
Cod fish exported to Spain,
Portupal and Italy
British Europe
West Indies .
British America
United States .
Brazils ....
3r.4fiBi
1H!):)20
lHlli7
43131
377293
HI ISH
22776
779^3
433918 262366 lS40e9i3267SI
H424li 13114(10 20H2.'i4 :>92068
100936' 1031 18 I 1 .'i6;7' 1333,'iH
325S5 23541 40H74 4181)4
116159 155085 566.>8 16117
i ..
61 1960
l:i!l56l
152 1 84
18621
1214
545451
67020
91 867
4121
2600
706939 768010
50678, 55721
119354' 97249
14389 24712
2049
952116
47116
159233
2461I8
588
770693
59341
17661)3
37443
1'5I5
Total cod fish, quintals .
6fil277't)2')!llil
772H09 1)74810 576l32|S102ly
884470
92354(1
2323
371
711059
2191
337
8913611
947HII
1181)661
1046621)
Salmon exported to British
market, tierces .
Foreign ditto .
••
60!)
1307
1
2303 ..
1166, ..
3337
727
2910
827
2247
1178
1066 1551
1686' 9irt
Total salmon .
373!)
1916
2040
3469
3272
4064
5747
2694
3831
3737
3425
2752
2499
A return of 1826 gives a connected view of the fishing, as follows : —
State of the Cod Fishery and Trade in Newfoundland in the year 1820.
Harbours or Districts.
03
'a
>
trading
gn.
tn
%
o
a
a
•3 si
S.2
Remarks.
c
•a
c
tn
s
c
o 3
fO
M
>
H
s
PIH
<
South of St. John's :
Fish made during the season about
St. John's
Ifi
73
470
54600
3746
500 2400
900,000 quintals ; 150,000 of which on
Bay Bulls
. ,
, ,
, ,
170 250
the Lal)rador coast by vessels rL>sorting
Ferrvland
2
4
13
1436
106
254 500
thitiicrfrom St. John's and the nortlicm
Trepassy and St. Mary's
. .
2
3
340
30
50 1 150
parts oftiie island. The resident fislicry
Placentias
4
6
821
61
402 800
carried on at Labrador is by persons prin-
Burin and Mortier .
, ,
5
43
4279
362
129! 70
cijjally connected in tht' Dartmoutli
St. Lawrence
. .
1
11
1185
61
55
30
trade ; but it is not of any great extent.
Fortune Bay
, ,
4
30
4285
275
494
300
About 4,000 tons of train oil, 3,700 tons
North of St. John's :
of seal oil, 3,500 tierces of salmon,
Conception Bay
167
77
18603
1614
420
3000
293,000 seal skins, about 8,000/. worth
Trinity ditto
8
31
4934
302
570
270
of furs, besides niackcicl, herrings, &c.
lionavista and Grecnspond . .
2
9
1020
70
257
800
&c. Previous to the New Intercourse
Fogo and Twillingate
. .
31
34
5334
257
496
200
Law in the Colonies, the whole con-
sumption of this trade was British pro-
duce and manufactures, except wines,
18
299
727
96837
6884
3797i8770
Passengers from Ireland,
, ,
. ,
, ,
960
, ,
, ,
salt, and some trifling articles (foreign)
840 ; England and Jersey,
legally imported into England. Sonic
120.
two or three years i)iTvio',is the imports
Employed in boats and shal- . .
, ,
, ,
, ,
IGOOO
, ,
, ,
were valued at n million and a half, and
lops, and as shoremen.
the return to the mother comitrv up-
Ships' boats employed fish- ..
, ,
a ,
, ,
, ,
203| ..
wards of two millions sterling. The
ing.
1
1
vessels trading foreign are all liritish
bottoms, with the exception of four or
five small United States craft, with bread,
Total employed .
18
299
727
96837
23844
4000:8770
flour and notions.
No. of S
Boats em
the F
a.
ja
w
in
t!
(4
O
>•
ir
182!)
mV-
is.:2j
1633J
ISJl
is;)5
l.Oti
289
597
744
427
495
No re
not know
The Londoi
Dry Cod fish
Core fish
Salmon
Herrings
Mackerel
Tongues, sou
Berries
Seal skins
Calf skins
Hides
Beaver skins
Otter skins
Martin skins
Hare skins
Fox skins
Weasel skins
Bear skins
Wolf skins
Musk rat ski
Cod and seal
Knees
Oars
Staves
Juniper plan
Pinel)oard
Whalebone
Wood Hoop
Poles
Potatoes
Spars
Handspikes
Tallow
I'ickets
Billets
NEWFOUNDLAND.— COMMERCE.
2fi'J
!ase and beans,
e extent of the
uantity caught
1 1790, the ex.
lis fi56,()00 ; in
; is a consecii-
1 1K28, and its
ntries to which
ISlfi
1818
8(i6j80
811)2
OS'-' 11 6
4711(1
ISD'j;);)
24()I)H
■>Sb
TTorm
.■.!I:mi
17'>(iii:i
;i"44;i
I'S ir.
18llf)()l
104f)flJ(i
2/52 24!>!l
season about
The B. B. in the Colonial Office, for the following years shew the annexed results.
Quantity and Value of Kish in Newfoundland from 1828 to 1836.
No. of Ships and
Description of Fisli
, and Quantity and Value of each Sort.
Boats employed in
the Fislicry.
Dried Cod
Sulmon.
Herrings
Macltarci.
Caplin
Sounds
Seal and Cod
Seal Ski.'
m
"5
Fisli.
and
Oil.
3
13
n
Tongues.
>.
to
3
>,
(x
>%
>x
>.
>.
■a
S
d
d
a
3
1
i
s
"(3
a
3
a
■a
a
3
1 ;i
a
3
1
3 5
3 a
3
>
3-
>
a
^
:(!.
151s.
.£■.
a
>
or ! >■
or
>
a >
H
Qtls.
.*'.
Tcs.
Casks
.*'.
Casks
^.
Tuns.
£.
No. 1 £'.
jft.
1R'2I|
289
;)()i!)
f)2l2:)7
4610/1
3HH,'.
12175
•117
2()M
311O
2.10
4()5
440
7r91
155005
245108' 15338
645427
iHun
5!)7
au8()
84141)6
I27;ib
1360
14.W2
i»70
582
621
4()5
1314
329
388643 113296
556072
1«:U
"41
:)«(i8
76()8:)0
402209
1:122
2644
1581
y44
5(!o
420
3136
681
558942 I67O82
574580
1S,;'2
42-
42;i(i
i)i!)i:>l
33ISI7
27<)3
6507
3305
2343
!)16
219
1534
478
469073 II726H
458662
16311
495
548y
684001
343217
2729
7211
3258
lyr.
635
590
576
127
10407
Gallons.
2O8O97
508407 3.1182
1
594429
is:il
No returns.
li-498rt
UG7!)fi
2J()I
078 1
2271
1122
149
112
. ,
270
2353577
18514;
'360155 3I1H45
671373
iH;)r>
—
—
727580
14015,-.
2K8-J
8881
3252
l6s()
963
330
2731-1917
2316U5
|550262 41235
728704
Is3()
not linowD
6159
860354
517457
1847
6261
1534
955
ri)
99
2037
-49
230O736
241 502
j 384321 34930
1 1
808066
In 1835, 3,931 quintals of Pickled Fish, vrvliio, l,S78/. ; In 1836, value, 1,6G5<.
In 1836, 83,512 gallons of Whale Oil, value, 4,443/.
The London Custom-house manuscript returns, which I have carefully examined, furnish the aggregate
exportations of fish and other articles, as follows : —
Newfoundland Exports. — Yiars ending 5th January. — Custom-House.
Articles.
1829.
! 1
1830. 1 1831. 1832. 1833.
1 1
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
Dry Cod fish
rjuintals
920018
9484r.3 755067 054053 'r,C3787!80r)265
712588
S51472
521696
Core fish
ditto
4189
2030' 4510;
33201
3260
3940
3931
3007
2112
Salmon
casks
3805
4439' 3OO0I
2924]
2705
2025
2477
2130
1538
Herrings
barrels
447
1083|
1799'
1064'
3969
2135
3212
1556
3263
Mackerel
ditto
3 or.
390
450!
984!
000
147
85'
82
—
Tongues, sound, and capl
ns, casks
14f>5
1759
2090;
1040!
819
1525
1371
1497
1308
Berries
gallons
52f.
317J
14855' 5100' 120'
8085
8972
2641
64
Seal skins
No.
24 81 or,
300082
559312 082803 501430:
541198 557494
381041
252910
Calf skins
do.
539
300
348
355 030'
90 480
414
89
Hides
. do.
223y
2359
712
702 1755;
1388
1234
3739
4487
Beaver skins
do.
972
975
1097
001! 542:
Otter skins
. do.
1198
1085
1257
84 Oi 900j
Martin skins
do.
1175
007
1425
792 690'
Hare skins
do.
—
24
157
83' 83
Fox skins
do.
930
1088
1321
704 737
1-4100
4035
2987
2467
Weasel skins
do.
—
28
34
75' 12
Boar skins
do.
21
31
41
351 15
Wolf skins
. do.
—
1
4
2 1
Musk rat skins
do.
3. -.4
757
1 1 02
048 079
Cod and seal oil
tons.
7794
8300
12371
13118 10539
9127
11785
9008
5167
Knees
No.
142
095
1298
589. 123
68
359
451
192
Oars
do.
ir,3
1843
2152
978: 323
2 1 440
232
144
Staves
do.
—
25204
32508
29000
40079
28780
21150
65726
26978
Juniper plank
. feet
—
1 03O
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Pir.eboard
do.
—
0140
19993
19511
38405
30588
3500
—
—
Whalebone
lbs.
—
2817
—
—
4 i)un.
—
—
—
—
AVood Hoops
bundles
—
—
291
304 01
1065
1234
1144
1618
Poles
No.
—
—
1003
110 40
—
—
—
Potatoes
bushels
—
—
130
500
—
—
—
—
—
Spars
No.
—
—
200
8
—
—
—
—
—
Handspikes
do.
—
—
48
—
—
—
—
—
—
Tiillow
cwts.
—
—
4
—
42
—
—
—
—
Pickets
,
—
—
—
1700
1500
—
—
—
Billets
•"^
—
3000
651
^~*
~~
~~"
I, '.,
'<'i t' '^.'a
270
NEWFOUNDLAND.— MONETARY SYSTEM AND PRODUCE.
Mr. Bliss, the intelligent agent for tlic Nortii American Colonies, furnishes nie with the following account
of the trade of Newfoundland : —
li I
m
Exports.
Tonnage to
Total,
including
Years.
Quintals.
1
Barrels. Kegs.
Oil,
Tuns.
Seal
Sl(ins.
United
Kingdom.
SoutJl of
Europe.
West
Indies.
all other
Parts.
Average of 1790, 1, 2
Average of 1798, 9, I800
1805
6568OO
382881
526380
1245808
899729
973464
760 V7
6276
2223
5876
5380
4913
3796
1799
1892
20026
6680
.3606
1891
2131
822S
8224
7806
12371
1413; 4
221;l34
221510
SS9342
5271
12386
2ti045
14181
14447
22215
7868
18961
26130
22494
9681
5715
IOHI2
14960
10628
1
S8420
1810
1815
1820
Q13I0
1825
1830
92767
XIII. Course of exchange varies according to
circumstances, and to the demand for bills to make
remittances to England in payment of spring supplies ;
it is generally highest in the fall of the year. The
demands for bills is governed in a great measure by
the success or failure of the fisheries, particularly the
seal fishery ; in the former event, remittances are
made in Oil, in the latter, in Bills. The par of ex-
change is 1.5 one-third per cent, premium. In the
course of 183G, it rose to 3 above, and fell to 2 fj-eth
below.
The Bank of British North America, have a branch
at St. John's.
British money and S])anish dollars, the latter esta-
blished by the governor's proclamation {182.')) at
4s. 4d. sterling, but passing current at tts. [B. B.J
XIV. Domestic poultry succeeds very well ; land and
water wild fowl are found in great abundance, parti-
cularly bustards, wild geese, and wild or eider ducks ;
partridges, snipes, plovers, curlews and black-birds,
are also in great abundance, as well as eagles, kites,
hawks, ravens and jays.
The partridges are like ptarmigans, (of an excel-
lent flavour) larger than those in Europe, and always
perfectly white in winter. The most remarkable of
the sea birds which visit the coast of Newfoundland
are, the lord and lady of the teal kind ; the saddle-
back, gull, tinker, razor-bill, the loon, whabby, and
ice bird.
Besides the great staple of the island, fish, (see
commerce) the numerous lakes and ponds which
abound produce divers kinds of excellent trout and
eels of a great size; the lobsters are uncommonly
large and equally good, and the muscles better fla-
voured than in Plurope. There are no oysters, but
lance, herrings, inaekarel and salmon are in great
abundance, besides these, place, sole, hallibut and
thornback are found on the coast. The capelin, which
is perhaps the most delicious fish in the world, arrives
periodically in such shoals as to change the colour of
the sea, near the coves and beaches, and two persons
may easily fill a common sized boat in a couple of
hours. This fish remains on the coast about six
weeks, and is considered the best bait for cod. The
herrings also arrive in the spring and autumn in pro-
digious shoals.
Potatoes and cabbages are the most valuable pro-
ductions of the island, growing in plots or gardens
attached to the fisherman's houses. Turnips, carrots,
parnsnips, peas, radishes and most garden roots yield I
abundantly. Red, black and white currants, goose-
berries and strawberries grow in great perfection ;
and a smaller kind of strawberry is found wild in the
woods ; raspberries grow everywhere, and that spe-
cies of cherry called the Kentish comes to great per-
fection ; other sorts as well as damsons, grow abun-
dantly in favourable seasons, besides these apples and
pears are sometimes raised in perfection.
The plains are almost covered with low .stunted
bushes which bear a great variety of wild berries. The
snake root, capilaire and tvisha capucoa, are indige-
nous, when in blossom the latter plant is beautiful.
It is made by the inhabitants into a decoction and
used after the manner of tea, and said to be extremely
wholesome in spring. Another remarkable plant
found in the woods is the Suradnia, a full descrip-
tion of which is given in Dr. Thornton's Temple of
Flora. Sarsaparilla is also found in the island.
The swamps abound with a great variety of reeds
and flowers, many of the latter extremely beautiful,
such as wild roses, violets, &c., but the season for
enjoying them is short, for they all come together and
last but a few weeks, which gives rise to the saying
common in Newfoundland, " a short feast and a long
famine." The timber grown on the Island, though
generally of no great magnitude, is rendered very
useful for the purposes of the fishery, and vessels of
considerable size, varying from 60 to 200 tons each,
are built chiefly with native wood. The Juniper vor
Hec-ma-tic), Witch Hazel, Black-birch, and Black-
spruce, are the most esteemed for these purposes ;
the common fir is not esteemed for building, but very
well adapted for casks and other common uses in the
fishery.
Kelp is extremely abundant all round the coast, and
with other seaweeds is used for manure. The Zoo-
phyta or animal flowers forming the link between the
animal and vegetable kingdoms, may also be frequently
met with.
It will be observed from the foregoing returns, that
the codfishery is the most important. [For a descrip-
tion of the codfishery at Newfoundland, see Colonial
Library, vol. vi.]
That the cod fisheries of Newfoundland arc to Eng-
land more precious than the mines of Peru and
Mexico, and in truth, if we consider that the vast
quantities of fish annually drawn from the banks and
adjacent coast, it will be found that as the mere
representative value of gold, its worth far exceeds that
of the precious metals, to say nothing of the impor-
tance of the subject in a maritime, commercial and
political point of view.
The total value of the trade of Newfoundland, may
in fact be estimated at 2,000,000/. sterling i)er an-
num, independent of its great importance in a mari-
time point of view ; while it should be remenihered,
that it is upheld by no bounties (as that of France),
nor protected by any exclusive rights.
Another fishery of great importance to the island
and to England, is that of seals for the sake of their
NEWFOUNDLAND.— STAPLE PROrUCTS, PRICES, AND PROPERTY.
>71
iwiiig account
skins and oil, which, though of comparatively recent
commencement, was carried on during the last four
years to the following extent : —
Seal Fishery of Kewfoundland.
■a
V
ai .
«*- n
o M
. CO
O -"
5S
o ■
rn
n1
(Ji
c
n
X
o
—
■^
CO .
o "
Kroni St. John's, vessels
fitted out there.
Do. outport vessels
Carboncar
Harbour Grace
Brigus (unknown)
Port de Grace
Bay Roberts
Trinity
Kini^'s Cove and Bo-
navista,
Greenspond
Placeiitia
Twillinifate .
Total . .
l-.io
H4
BO
41
13
l287lfi|1115U0
84S4f)| 91900
98100! 91000
528.V1; y.lJO:'
20230; 2ri0()0
8000 1 9OOI)
I3100i 10000
UOOO' 21227|
30001 80U0
10000' 4100
2000 none
3000 1 000
437964 400920
From a recent St. John's paper, I take the follow-
ing statement of the outfit for the seal fishery at that
port, of undermentioned years.
Return for 1830-8 inclusive.
Years.
Vessels.
Tons.
Men.
1830
92
6198
1935
1831
118
8046
2578
1832
153
11462
3294
1833
100
8665
2564
1834
125
11029
2910
1835
12G
11167
2912
1836
126
11425
2955
1837
121
10648
2940
1838
110
9300
2826
In round numbers there were in 1831, seals caught
744,000; 1832, 538,000; 1833,438,000; 1834,
401,000. In the spring of 1838, there were 221
vessels with 227,758 seals; value, 100,391/.
Manufactures, Fisheries, ^c. in 1836. [B.B.] There
are two corn mills at St. John's, and one at Brigus.
The number of ships built in the colony arc 24, of
1,578 tons burthen ; 107 registered according to law.
A copper mine was discovered, and worked for a short
time, some years ago (1776-7), near shoal bay, about
IT) miles to the southward of St. John's. Some
quarries of limestone have also been found, in one of
'vhich, at Canada Harbour (on what is called the
French shore), the stone is of excellent quality.
The number of ships employed in the fishery cannot
be correctly ascertained. The number of boats are
6,159. Quantity of fish in 18116, as follows : — Dried
cod fish, 860,354 quintals, value 517,457'.; pickled
fish, 1,665/.; salmon, 1,847 tierces, 6,264/.; herrings,
1,534 barrels, 955/. ; mackerel, 79 casks, 99/. ; caplin,
sounds, and tongues, 2,037 casks, 749/. ; seal and cod
oil, 2,306,736 gallons, 241,502/.; whale oil, blubber
and oil, dregs, 83,512 gallons, 4,445/.; seal skins
384,321 number, 34,930/. ; total, 808,066/.
Produce, &c. of Newfoundland in IBSG. [B. B.]
Name of the
District.
St. Johii'3 .
Conception Bay
Trinity Jlay
Bonavista Bay .
Fogo .
I'^eirylanri .
I'lacentia and St.
Mary's .
Burin .
Fortune Bay
Crops.
o S
a a,
9
1290 HI 23 528
2873 3H15
309
356
1043
13,16
623
212
373
lOti
549
638 1
51
112
602 108 :
31 1' 54
171' 3
of Stock.
Quantity
of Produce.
1
J3
a
a
a
■a
b
e
as
3
tn
V
H
a 1 S
S
"
1
131)7
a, 1
579 5602
14842S 3808
1034
1187 4184 7488(59 940
692
20.'i
4
18)17 108
377
60
56
62287 1S4
402
172 101
55983 487
1228
584 303
07585 800
628
168 ..
303.17 338
167
148
__
8301
184
Very little of the agi icultural produce of this colony
is brought into the market, it being for the most part
consumed by the growers. The average value of the
only crops which the soil and climate attbrd, may be
stated as under, viz. oats, Ss. per bushel ; potatoes,
'2s. Cul. ditto ; turnips, '2s. Od. ditto ; hay, 4/. per ton.
Average prices of various Produce and Mercliandizc
in 1836. I.B .B ]
Description.
January.
July.
.*.
.f.
rf.
4.'.
H.
rf. t
. .1. (1. je. s.
rf.
Horned cattle, each
8
otois
1)
5
otoio
Horses, ditto
5
-
20
0-30
Sheep, riiito ,
1
10
-
1
15
8 0-12
(Mats, ditto .
1
-
1
10
all the year.
.Swine, ditto .
2
-
4
2
0-40
Mill(, per gallon .
1
8
1 4
Butter, fresh, per lb.
1
9
all the year.
Ditto, salt, ditto .
n
8 -
11
07-00
10
Cheese, ditto
9 -
1
07-00
10
Wlicaten bread, ditto
5 per
<2i lb.
5 per 2'i lbs.
Beef, ditto .
4^-
6
0-00
8
Mutton, ditto
6-
07-00
9
Pork, ditto .
4i-
6
0-00
8
Rice, per cwt.
15
-
1
2
all the year.
Coffee, per lb.
a -
10
ditto.
Tea ( Hohea), ditto
10 -
1
n
ditto.
Sugar, per cwt. .
1
15
-
2
ditto.
Salt, per ton .
1
6
ditto.
Wine, per gallon .
4
-
12
as in quality.
Brandy, ditto
6
-
10
ditto.
Beer, per tierce .
1
17
all ihe year.
Tobacco, per lb. .
4 -
s
ditto.
Wages for Labour. — Domestic males, 13/. to 20/.
per year; ditto females, 11. to 10/. 10,v. per year;
prEcdial, males, 12/. to 17/. per year; trades, 4i. 6d.
to C>s. per day.
Property annuulbj created, turned into Moveable or
Immoveable Property. — Animal food for 80,000
mouths, 200 lbs. each per annum, at 4(/. per lb.,
266,666/. ; fish for ditto, 150 lbs. each per annum, at
Id. per lb., 50,000/. ; bread and other vegetables for
ditto, at 3(i. per day for each, 365,000/. ; butter, milk,
cheese and eggs for ditto, at Id. per day for each,
120,166/. ; Luxuries, viz. — wines, spirits, ale, tea,
coflFee, sugar, &c., for ditto, at 3(/. per day each,
365,000/. ; food for horses, cows, &c , 40,000, at I/,
each, 40,000/. ; clothes and furniture worn out for
80,000 mouths, at 1/. each, 80,000/. ; domestic pro-
duce, value 500,000/. ; income from business, or
profits on professions, &c., 100,000/.; waste by fire,
loss, bad seasons, shipwreck, &c., 10,000/. Total,
1,896,832/.
f .' ■•.■■ (■^■'
Jir ;-i
.'■'K ■■■*£
'i^y'Wi
HUDSON BAY TrilUUTORlKS.— LOCALITY, HISTORY, POPULATION.
|il: I
w
d
1
1 '
1
III
272
Mnrfinhir I'mpfrlij : 1,000 horses, nt 10/. cncli,
10,000/. ; 10,000 horiKHl cnttli', nt .'i/. each, .'iO,000/. ;
! 0,000 sheep, at 1/. each, 10,000/. ; :iO,00O swine, nt
1/. each, 20,000/.; poultiy, 2,000/.; liouse t'lirnitiiie,
&c., tor l.^sOOO houses, atlO/. eaeli, l.SO.OOO/. ; cloth-
ing and e(iuii)iipe for so, 000 mouths, at .'>/. each,
400,000/.; uiacliiiiery aiul I'nrniiiii; implements, &c.,
20,000/.; bulhon and coin, (iO,000/.; slii|)s, Imnts, tim-
ber, and otlier merciiandize, 200,000/. Total, 1)22,000/.
ImiiKircalilt; I'roju'rtij : l,'i,000 houses, at 10/. each,
ir)0,000/. ; wareiiouses, mills, &c., 100,000/.; 100,(00
acres arable land, at "i/. per acre, ,100,000/. ; 200,000
acres land granted, but utitilled, nt 1/. per acre
200,000/.; 1,000,000 acres land not granted, at fi.v.
per acre, 2riO,()00/. ; roads, canals, dykes, bridges,
wliarl's, Jtc, 50,000/. ; torts, gaols, churches, barracks,
Jtc, .■?00,()00/. ; manul'actories, mines, ([uarries, fislu-
ries, Jtc, 1,000,000/. Total, 2,,').''iO,0(lO/. Total move.
able and immoveable property, r),.'>(iH,H,'<2/, Thi' sta-
tistics of the island arc so vague, that the abovi
nnperfect estimate could only be made ; it is, how
ever, given for the pur|)ose of promoting furtlui
inquiry.
CHAPTER VIII.— HUDSON BAY TERRITORIES.
Section I. It is difficult to convey an idea of the
territories included within this denomination ; they
may be said to e.\tend between the meridians of CO,
and 140. W. (upwards of 4,000 miles) and from the
TiOth of N. latitude to the Pole.
II. The geography of this large extent of country
will be found detailed at considerable length in my
" Colonitil Librarij."
III. Hudson Bay was discovered, in IGIO, by Henry
Hudson, who commanded a vessel fitted out by the
English Russia Company for the purpose of exploring
a N.W. passage round the continent of America. He
was left by his mutinous crew with his son and seven
other persons to perish in that inhospitable region.
The same company subsequently litted out several
expeditions for exploring these seas, particularly by
Button, Fox, James, an(| Gillam, who made voyages
between 1012 and KiCiH, when the latter, who had
been aided by Charles II., at the suggestion of Prince
Rupert, passed the winter of lflG« in a river which
he named Rupert River, where he built Fort Charles,
which he garrisoned, and in the following year re-
turned to England. During his absence, the king
had granted to Prince Rupert and the company asso-
ciated with him their celebrated charter, dated May 2,
If)Gi), which !>ecures to them all the trade and com-
merce within the entrance of Hudson's Straits, toge-
ther with all the countries upon the coast, and
confines of the said coast and straits, &c. And under
this grant the company have held possession up to
the present day, its legality having been established
by the opinions of eminent lawyers, except during a
short period (from 1697 to 1714), when the settle-
ment was occupied by the French.
1\'. The human race is scantily but widely diffused
over this region. The natives who inhabit the country
round Hudson's Bay may be divided into three dis-
tinct classes — the Southern Indians, the Northern
Indians, and the l-^sciuimaux ; the first occupy the
entire country to the north of Upper Canada, and
their territory lies between that province and the
south coast of Hudson's Bay, and that part of the i
■west which lies between Churchill River and Lake |
Athabasca ; these are composed of many tribes, some \
of whom bring the produce of ttieir hunting to the
company's factories, and others take it to trading
houses, now established nearer their own homes ;
they arc of a middle size and copper colour, of strong
and healthy constitutions, and subject to few diseases :
th ^y seldom live to a great age, but generally enjoy
all their faculties to the last. They excel in hunting,
and are capable of enduring great fatigue, cold, and
hunger. They are frequently cniployed by the factors
to procure provisions, and though long used to (ire-
arms, they are still so expert with the how aiul arrow
as to kill .^O or (iO geese in a day, generally shootini;
thcni on the wing.
The Northern Indians occujiy the country from the
■ >'J\\\ to tlie (JHth degree of north latitude ; their tcr-
rity, of 500 miles in length, is bounded on the south
by Churchill River, on the west by the Athabasca
Indians, on the east by Hudson's I^ay, and on the
north by the Dog-ribbed or Copper-coloured Indians,
which latter, although sj.'eaking the same dialect,
never visit the factories, but trade through the inter-
vention of their neighbours, and are described by
Hearne as a hospitable and harmless tribe.
The Northern Indians are well proportioned, and
about the middle s'ze ; they have a peculiar cast of
expression, ditl'erent from any other tribes in the
country ; their foreheads are low, noses aquiline,
chins long, eyes small, and check-bones high ; their
hair, like other tribes, is black, straight, and coarse :
the men have little beard, and that they remove by
plucking it out ; they do not possess that activity ol'
body and liveliness of disposition met with anionj; the
other tribes of Indians, who inhabit the west coast of
Hudson's Bay.
The Esquimaux, who inhabit the northern coast of
Hudson's Bay, seldom approach the fort at Chureliill
river, a small sloop being periodically dispatched to
Knapp's Bay, Navy Bay, and Whale Cove, to trade
with them. We have no data as to the numbers of
these races : for minute descriptions see " L'nl. Uh."
The company's settlements around the whole of
Hudson's Bay, which is 750 miles long and GOO hroail,
are only four — namely, at the mouth of Cluirehiil
River, 59. N. latitude; on an island between two
branches of Nelson's River, in 57.i N. latitude; on
the River Albany, in 52. 18. N. latitude ; and at the
mouth of a small river on the south side of James's
Bay. These arc all fortified positions ; the first named
Prince of Wales's or Churchill Fort, the secoiulYork,
the third Albany, and the fourth ^loose Forts. The
company have at present in their employ about l.UUO
Europeans and their descendants by Indian wives.
Under the protection of these are some smaller settle-
ments such as Severn House, in 5G. 12. N. latitude,
and East iVlain on Rupert River, in 53.24. N. latitude.
The Hudson's Bay company have nearly 1,000 per-
sons in tlieir employment, and recently they have
formed a location for their retired officers, &c. on the
Red River, where, ac~- .'ding to a censu.- taken during
the year 1833, th: b ii'. lation of the settlement was
3,070, of whom l,v,)U were Catholics and 1,320 Pro-
testants. Very little money is to be seen in the
country, all trading being generally carried on by
barter. The country is sufficiently fertile. A con-
siderable trade in furs, &c., is carried on by the
company.
Section I.
immediate g(
514,190 squa
land !) ; and
territory in
Great Britain
i8:n.
II. The
Hindustan is
the Macedoi
rivers of the
Ganges ; at tl
was subject t'
the Hindoos
sway of the d
of the victori
Tamerlane, e>
and Volga to
to the Archi]
Tamerlane, tl
India, having
doubling the C
changed the
eastern hemis
on by the Rfl
and Constanti
was followed
Within less t
or Tamerlane,
arrived in Ini
maiulel dividt
king of Caml
petty princes ■
Portuguese se
the Malabar s
sixteenth cent
Goa, which th
and commerce
cast coast of i
the two penir
their trade e\
this period tl
and claimed a
Indian seas ev
their permissi
a vestige now
the crown of
Hollanders, ir
been content ■
and the north
the commenci
became formii
them first of
from various
finally usurpii
mandcl. Th«
not long behi
hemisphere, a
it 1/. |)iT .idr
; KiiUitid, at ,5.v.
(iykL'H, bridgis,
iiclu's, l)niriul<s,
(luanii's, fislic-
I/, Totnl inovr.
H;t2/. The sta-
that tlie ul)()V(
ulo ; it IS, liow .
motiiig furthii
lerally shooting
nintry from the
udo ; their t( r-
-■d on the iuiith
the Atlml)asca
ay, and on the
ilourcd Indians,
same dialect,
ough the inter-
e described by
riho.
jportioned, and
peculiar cast of
tribes in the
noses aquiline,
les high ; tlicir
it, and coarse :
I hey remove by
that activity of
vith among the
u west coast of
rthern coast of
rt at Churchill
dispatclied to
'ovc, to trade
,e numbers of
Col. I.ih."
the whole of
and (idO liroad,
of Ciiurcliill
between two
hUitude; on
L' ; and at the
ide of James's
le first named
: second York,
,e Forts. The
y about 1,000
Indian wives.
mailer settlo-
2. N. latitude,
-I. N. latitude,
rly 1,000 per-
;ly they have
rs, &c. on the
taken during
jttlcment was
ud l,3ii0 Pro-
seen in the
iiiricd on by
tile. A eon-
:i on hv the
l'C
BOOK IV. -POSSESSIONS IN ASIA
CHAPITER I.— HINDOSTAN.
Section I. The total Rritish territory under the
immediate government of the East India Company is
.'iM,l!)0 srpiare miles (i. c. tfiti times the size of Eng-
land !) ; and the extent in sfjuare miles of British
territory in India, and of territories protected by
Great Britain, is l,128,Hi)0j. — I'arlinmentanj lieturn,
18!) 1.
II. The earliest authentic European account of
Hindostan is derived from Alexander's army, whicli
the Macedonian chief pushed across the different
rivers of the Punjaub, without however reaching the
Ganges ; at this period a considerable portion of India
was subject to the Persian monarchy. Subsecpicntly
the Hindoos became tributaries to the all-pervading
sway of the disciples of Mahomet, and finally subjects
of the victorious Moslems, who, headed by Timor or
Tamerlane, extended their conquests from the Irtish
and Volga to the Persian Gulf, and from the Ganges
to the Archipelago. A century after the death of
Tamerlane, the Portuguese appeared on the coast of
India, having effected a passage to tiie eastward by
doubling the Cape of Good Hope, and thus completely
changed the European route of commerce with the
eastern hemisphere, which had previously been carried
on by the Red Sea and Egypt, or by the Black Sea
and Constantinople. The example of the Portuguese
was followed by the Dutch, French, and English.
Within less than a century after the death of Timor,
or Tamerlane, the Portuguese, under Vasco de Gama,
arrived in India, and found the west coast of Coro-
mandel divided between two great sovereigns — the
king of Cambay and the Zamorin ; by aiding the
petty princes who were dependent on the latter, the
Portuguese soon acquired a paramount influence on
the Malabar shore, and at the commencement of the
sixteenth century secured themselves in, and fortified
Goa, which they made the capital of their settlements
and commerce in the eastern seas, extending over the
east coast of Africa, the coasts of Arabia and Persia,
the two peninsulas of India, Ceylon, the Moluccas —
their trade even stretching to China and Japan. At
this period they levied tribute on 150 native princes,
and claimed and exercised a power to sweep from the
Indian seas every European vessel that sailed without
their permission. Of this mighty dominion scarcely
a vestige now exists. The annexation of Portugal to
the crown of Spain, and the war waged against the
Hollanders, Induced the Dutch, who had heretofore
been content with the carrying trade between Lisbon
and the north of Europe, to examine India ; and at
the commencement of the seventeenth century they
became formidable rivals of the Portuguese, stripping
then\ first of Malacca and Ceylon, then driving them
from various settlements on the Malabar coast, and
finally usurping their j)lace on the shores of Coro-
mandel. The enterprising spirit of the English was
not long behind in establishing a trade in the eastern
hemisphere, and they were followed by the French,
N N
who became the most powerful rivals of the former
I'fter the dominion and trade of the Portuguese and
Dutch had declined.
The first charter for the incorporation of the East
India Company, was granted by Queen Elizabeth on
the last day of the sixteenth century, and was one of
exclusive trade in the Indian sens for fifteen years
with promise of renewal. [A full historical detail of
the acquisition by the ICast India Company of tlie
British territories will be found in my " History of the
Colonies" and "Colonial IJhran/."]
We now proceed to examine the details relative to
the stipendiary princes — subsidiary and \)rotccted states
— and feudatory and tributary chieftains of British
India.
A large portion of the British dominions in the east
is made up of the possessions of princes who cither
themselves, or their descendants, now enjoy stipends
paid to them out of the public revenues. These
princes first became cotmected with us oy subsidiary
alliances, and ceded territories in return for mili-
tary protection ; others lost their dominions by the
chances of war ; while some territories were taken
under our control from the absolute itu'upacity of the
rulers, or their tyranny, which in mercy to the un-
happy suiTerers we could no longer permit to exist.
The princes of the first and last classes arc formally
installed on the Musnud, allowed to exercise sove-
reignty over the tenants on their household lands, —
they are exempted from the jurisdiction of the British
courts of law, have their own civil and military func-
tionaries, with all the insignia of state, and a Rritish
envoy usually resident at their court, whose duties
chiefly relate to their pecuniary affairs, or the cere-
monials of sovereignty. The following is an abstract
jn round numbers of their stipends.
When
graiited
Titles of Princes.
Stipend.
Rupees.
1803
IHOl
1798
Emperor of Delhi and Family
Souhhadar of the Cariiatic
Families of former Sonbhadars ....
Rajah of Tanjore
IT), 00,000
ll,f)5,400
9,00,000
11,83,500
1/70
1795
Snubhadar of Bengal, &c
Families of former do. &c
Uajali of Benares
16,00,000
9,00,000
l,J3,00O
irus
1818
1818
1803
1803
1806
1818
1818
Families of Hyder Ali and Tippoo ,,
Hajahs of Malabar
Bajee R')W ■>
Chimnajce .\ppah . , 1 Peishw^'s
Vinaeelc Ran f Family.
Zoolrtkur Ali J
Himmut Uahadoor's descendants ..
Benaeek Rao and Sceta Baee
Gowln(! Rao of Calpec
6,39,549
2,50,000
8,00,000
2,00,000
7,50,000
4,00,000
6o,0uo
2, .',0,000
1,00,000
1771
50,000
Total Rupees. .
1.08,91,449
Or at the rate of 2.^. per Rupee, in sterling, 1,089,144^
r .f *■;
M ■< J,
!.■ »
274
HINDOSTAN.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
A very able dociimrnt, drawn up by Mr. B. S.
Jones of the Hoard of C!iintri)l, makes tlie amount of
stipends paid in 1H'J7,-2H, na follows: —
" Nabob of Bengal, S. R. 22,40,3ri0.— Rajah of Be-
nares, 1,34,L'H2,— Kmpcror of Delhi, 13,40,98:<,—
Benaeek Rao, f),7U,8ri(;, - Nabob of Arcot, l7,r)3,yG.'),
— Rajah of Tanjore, 1(),47,3H!), — Nawaub of Masuli-
patuui, .'J2,()7I, — Kamilies of llyiler Ali and Ti|)poo
Saib, r>,38,8r)H, — the Inte Peishwa, l^njee Rao and
Chiinnajee Appall, 22,4^,02.!, — Nabob of Surat,
l,f)2,f)7.'>. Total I,l)l,y2,').i7 or at 2x. the S. R.
1,01 y,2.')"i/. sterling.
Suhsidiiiri/ Alaano'i. — Nearly one half of the Hin-
dostan territory is held by Governments in subsi-
diary alliance with the British government ; the ge-
neral terms of the treaties with whom are, on the
side of the I'jiirlish, protection against external ene-
mies, and on the other, a submitting, in all |)olitieal
relations with foreign states, to the arbitration and
final adjudication of the British government ; a spe-
cilic force is furnished by the Kast India Company,
and a territory equivalent to the maintenance of the
troops ceded by the former ; the subsidizing state is
also bound to keep on foot a specific contingent force
to act in sdiordiniite co-operation with the sul)siiliary.
The protectnig power is not to interfere witli th(! in-
ternal administration of the protected state, but in
cases of exigency it reserves the right in general to
assume the whole of the resources of the protected
state. The subsidiary force is liable to he called out
to protect the legal succession to power, but not to
be employed between the head of the govcrnmint
and its Zumendars or chiefs.
The following is given as a list of the princes, tin-
military protection of whose territories is undert ikcn
by the British government, together with the amount
of subsidy paid by each, or the revenue on the terri-
torial assignment in lieu of subsiily.
LIST OF PRINCES &c.
Princes and their Capital Cities.
King of Oiule (I.iicknow) ..
Smibhadar of the Deccan (Hydrabadl. .
His Highness the Uaelcwar (Uanuta) ..
SIndiali and others (Gwalior)..
Holkar and others (Indnre) . . . .
Rajah of Nappoor (Na^rponr) . .
RaoofCiitch (Illio(ij) ....
Rajah of Mysore (Mysore)
Rajali of Trav-iticore (Travancorc)
Rajah of Cochin (Cochin) ....
Totals
a
o
a
No,
6ii(iniinn
loooonno
(iUOUIIUO
4000000
:ioooooo
iiooonoo
] lOOUOOO
>,
, s
s
3 C'C
'J3 " 9.
Si-SS
E-
V'^r
"I £ ff
t'Sg
H"
'C
■* ii
*'J.'i!)ftO
1761
177:1
iiissno
17ti6
17!).'i
3OII0U
177:1
1805
4'240n
1781
lMi'3
17600
IHO.".
1K17
64^70
177!I
IHlfi
(inii)
In Hi
IHl!)
27-' 61
I7<i:)
1799
6731
17HI
17K,^
6611
1791
1803
27y(i20
Subsidiary Forces,
Cavalry. Infantry.
at least
1000
2UU0
Undcfd.
Ditto.
Uudefd.
♦ Some accounts give the area of Oude at l7,O0S,ono
Two of the foregoing (Oude and Mysore) ci-.n
scarcely be styled stipendiary, the former being almost
entirely dependent on the British government, and
the latter recently ordered under the direct manage-
ment of Madras presidency, owing to long misgo-
vernment. Sindiah's territories should also of right
be excluded as, to a great extent, he is independent
of our authority. The charges include revenue col-
lection, political, judicial and police, maintenance of
provincial battalions, customs, mint, &c. ; the balance
remaining after these deductions goes to the purpose
for which the territories were granted — namely, the
military protection of the government which assigned
them.
Protected States. — Resides the foregoing govern-
ments, there are several minor principalities with
whom engagements of treaties have been entered into
agreeably to the peculiar circumstances of each, but
with general stipulations applicable to all ; namely,
that the Protected State maintain no correspondence
of a political tendency with foreign powers without
the privity or consent of the British government, to
whom the adjustment of its political differences is to
be referred; they are perfectly independent in their
internal rule, but acknowledge the supremacy of the
British government. When the interests of both
powers are concerned, the troops of the protected
state act in the field in subordinate co-operation to
the British forces, the latter being empowered to avail
themselves of natural or other advantages in the al-
lied country against an enemy when ncccssaiy. No
asylum for criii.inals or defaulters is permitted, and
looon m
HOOO
4UII0
Undcfd.
Ditto
I Uatt.
Undofd.
3 Batt.
I Batt.
X c
a
.*■.
£.
lS13.'-.(i2
.106222
6100(111
121100(1
HO272H
147170
2.'i9H104
83682.1
224720
} 87299
~~
.t.
1:1(17.110
41)l)(li'll
i i.ill-JI)
t2(l|)U.")
:i'.iiiio
2Sllij;ii)
221:17
4;M!):i;II
acres, of which about one tenth is jungle and forest.
every assistance required to be given to affect their
apprehension in the state. Europeans not to be em-
ployed without British permission. According to the
resources of the protected state, a tribute is re.piircil,
or a military contingent to be kept in readiness, nr
service to be rendered according to the means of the
protected power. The states thus protected, but
without subsidiary allowances, arc —
1st, In the north-west Siccim and the Sikh and
Hill States, on the left bank of the Sutlej — (the Sir-
dars are in number 150.)
2nd, Rdjpont States. Bickaneer, Jesselmere, Jyo-
pore, Joudpore, Oudepore, Kotah, Buondee, Serowey,
Kisheiigurh, Dowleah, and Pertaubgurh, Doorapooie,
Banswarra.
3rd, Jant and other States on the ri'^ht hank of thr
.Jumna. Bhurtpore, Ulwar or Macherry, Kerowljc.
4th, Btiundduh States. Sumpthur, Jtiansi, Jaloun,
Ooreha or Teliree, Dutteah, Rewah.
5th, States in Malira. Bhopaul, Dhar, Dewas,
Rutlaum, Silana, Nursiiighur, Ainjlieria, {tc. Xc. ;tc.
Cith, States in Giizerat. Pahluiipoie, Ralulunpore,
Rajpeepla, Loonawara, Soonth, the States in tlie
Myhee Caunta, the Kattywar States.
7th, States on the Malabar Coast (chicjli/ Mihriittn).
Sattarah, Sawunt Warree, Colaporc, Colabba.
Hth, Burmese Frontier. Caehar, .lyntia.
States not under liriti.^h Protect inn. Scindia, the
Rajah of Dholapore, Barree, aiul Rajakera (foniuTly
Rana of Goliud), Runjeet Sing of Lahore, t!ie Ameers
of Scind, and the Rajah of Nepaul. [Seo Amicndix.]
3a
^
coo c
?i X =
^
ai
S
3
</i
O Oi
o ,
to _
9^ tie
The Tri
The Tri
The Tri
/ A Tri
«
■0
'i
£
ifl
3
a
3
^
J
V,
f.
■t.
tyii'2
l;)<i-.im
iiiliiii
4<)l)lll'll
71T»
ii.iMii
6hm
isflr.'rs
7291J
•t2Ui)U,5
-
:ti4i]»
-
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-
KiHDS
-
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■i:ni):iiii
tlie
da
HINDOSTAN.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
<f CD 1-stO
275
I i
IS
o 1
^ 5» iM TI ^, 01 — to O
«J 4^ A-rf
000
«i S
00 9) M
o
H
i, I
■ivi-
!'' .; 'M
i::'^'!-
m-
i
¥'
1 Ir !
1 fi ■ ■;
■« '-'",-1 ;
27C
IIINDOSTAN.-HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
'I'lie not rrrcipts of the British (iovcrnment, or the
HUin whicli romains after pnyiii); tlie expenses of
residencies, agencies, estahlishments, and nulitary
charges, incurred in consequence of the connexion
with the several states, cannot be given with any
accuracy.
The Protected States and Jagcnlnrs in Diindlecund
are in nund)er .'17; urea in square mill's, la, 918;
nunil)er of villages, 5,7r)r) ; population, 1,378,400;
revenue, rupees, 8,381,300; cavalry, 6,087 ; and in-
fantry, 22,430, [See Ap/wndix,]
Statement of Protected States and Jagerdars in Saugor, abstracted from the Letter of the Agent in the Saugor
and Nerbudda Territories, dated 4th Dec. 1831. See Bengal Political Cons. 13th Jan. 1832, No. 66.
States.
Extent of Territory.
II
Rewah . . .
Ocheyrah.
Sohawul .
Kothee. . .
Myhur . . .
Shahgurh.
Chimdea .
Simeria .
70 Coss, 3 miles N. to S., and 60 E. to W. .
lOCoss, E. to W. ; 7 ditto, N. to S
Computed to own about half the (juantity
of Land that Ocheyrah possessed.
5 Coss, E. to W. ; 5 ditto, N. to S
15 Coss, E. to W. ; 10 ditto, N. to S.
9 Coss, N. to S. ; as ditto, E to W
British Feudatory Chiefs. — These chiefs so far differ
from the former class, that, while the protected chiefs
had treaties concluded with them as independent
princes, the feudatory have had their allegiance trans-
ferred to dl-eat Britain by their feudal superiors or by
the events of war. In most cases, the lands which
they held as a life tenure have been converted by our
government into a perpetuity, and the chiefs are per-
mitted a supreme control on their own lands. Among
the number of these chiefs may be mentioned the
Putwurdhan family, of which there are nine chiefs ;
the Soubahdar of Jansi, Chief of Julaon and Calpee ;
family of .\ngria (the Mahratta pirate) ; numerous
tributaries m Kattywar and in Gujerat ; the Rajahs of
Shorapoor and Gudwal ; the Secdec of Jinjeera, and
other Abyssinian chiefs. The Parliamentary Return
of the area of Protected and Allied States is as fol-
lows : — " Dominions of the Rajahs of Travancore and
Cochin, 9,400 square miles ; Nizam, 108,800; Rajah
of Mysore, 29,750; King of Oude, 25,300; Dowlat
Rao Scindiah, 42,400 ; the Rajah of Berar, including
Nagpore, 64,270 ; Jeswunt Rao Holkar, 17,600; the
Guicowar, including the detached Pergunnahs belong-
ing to the British in Kattywar and Guzcrat, 36,900 ;
Rajah of Kourg, 2,230; Nabob of Kurnool, 3,500;
Rajah of Sikhim, 4,400 ; Nabob of Bhopal, 7,360 ;
Rajahs of Sattara, Colapore, Sewuntwarrce, and the
principal British Jaghiredars, 2 1 ,600 ; Rajah of Cutch,
6,100; Soubednr of Jhansi, Rajah of Duttea and
others, commonly known as the Bundlecund chiefs,
19,000. Territories under British protection west of
the River Jumna, comprehending Jhodpore, Bikanicr,
Jessulmeer, Khotah, the Seikh country, the hill dis-
tricts of Sirmoor, and other small states, 165,000. Of
Assam, Jyntcea, Cachar, and Muneepore, the bounda-
ries are so undefined that it is difficult to form even
an approximation to their superficial contents, but it
is estimated at 51,000. Total, 614,610 square miles.
British Allies. — Independent of the foregoing states,
the E. I. Company's government have general trea-
ties with other surrounding nations, viz. with Cochin
China, Siam, Caubul, Nep'iul and Jva, the intercourse
of the Company is principally of a commercial nature,
but they have residents established at Nepaul and
Ava.
4000
404
217i
82
700
285
a
o
3
O
D
B
Military Force.
Cavalry.
120000020,00,000'
120000 1,50,000]
80000 1,00,000
30000
100000
f Included in the "I [
\ Rewah State. J
50,000'
1,50,000
6;),000:
50,000j
70,000
4000
50 or 60
20 or 30
200
200
Infantry.
300
800
1800
1000
With the Imauin of Muscat, and with other chiefs
on the western shores of the Persian O' ■(//', the Com-
pany have treaties for commercial p\irposis, and with
a view to the suppression of the slave trade, and of
piracy in the Gui,'a. In order to secure the fulfil-
ment of the prci'-l'ins of these treaties, the Company
have establishe'.l jirlitieal agents on the shores of the
Persian and Arabir.n Gulfs.
The aren of the kingdoms and principalities (it
India has been computed by Cftptain J. Sutherland
after a novel manner; the boundaries of each state
having been marked off on a skeleton map, drawn on
paper of equable texture, the whole were cut out
with the greatest care, and ireii^hed individually and
collectively, as a check in the most delicate balance of
'he Calcutta Assay Office ; the weights were noted to
I I ousandthpart of a f^rain, the balance being sensi-
ble to the tenth part of that minute quantity. Before
setting to work on the states, an index, or unit of
100 square degrees, cut from the same paper, was first
weighed, to serve as a divisor for the rest. The
weighing process commenced in the driest part of the
day, taking the whole of the papers together; thus
the continent of India weighed 127,667 grains troy;
the sum of the ivdividual weights of the separate
states 127,773 grains troy : the addition was proved
to proceed from the hygrometric water absorbed
towards the evening, and corrections were applied to
endeavour to neutralise this source of error : the
following data must, however, only he considered as
an approximation to truth in the absence of better
information, owing to the imperfect data of maps of
India. By Captain Sutherland's weighing process,
the area of the native states, in alliance with the
British government, is 449,845 square miles. That
of the territory under British rule, with the remain
ing small states and Jagerdars, 6ii6,5yi, giving the
superficial area of India, 1,076,591 square miles,
which nearly agrees with Hamilton's estimate of
1,103,000.
Captain Sutherland classes the native states of
India under the three following heads, viz. —
1st. Foreign ; Persia, Kabool, Senna, the .\rab
tribes, Siam, and Acheen : 2d. E.rlcrnal on the Frnn-
tier; Ava, Nepal, Lahore, and Sindc ■. od. Intcrmil
Ill lUiiidk'c'iiiKj
nili's, l:i,'Jl8;
II, 1.378,400;
087 ; and in-
t in the Saugor
(2, No. 56.
itary Force.
jlry.
Infantry.
00
r GO
300
r30
800
00
1800
00
1000
UlNDOSTAN.— HISTORY (\;NI) )l ISIT'ON.
277
tU other chiefs
r.'ilf, the Com-
lObis, and with
e trade, and ol
jure the I'lilfil-
i, the Coni|)aiiy
! siiores of the
rincipalities of
J. Sutherland
i of each state
mai), drawn on
were cut out
ulividually and
cate balance of
were noted to
ce being sensi-
antity. Before
x, or unit of
)aper, was first
rest. The
est part of the
;()gether ; thus
grains troy ;
the separate
jii was ])roved
ater absorbed
;cre appUed to
of error : the
considered as
nee of better
ta of maps of
;hing process,
Mcc with the
miles. That
the remain-
1, giving the
s(|uare miles,
estimate of
ive states of
v'\z. —
la, the Arah
(III the Frnn-
od. Inti'rnal
(to which the following areas refer), which according
to the nature of their relations, or treaties, with the
British, he divides into six classes.
First Ci.ars.
By ny
Wcighinent. Hamilton,
I. Ontle, . square miles, 23, 9-'3 20,000
•2. Mysore, ditto . . 27,'.»'jy 27,000
;i. Herar, or Nagpur, do. . r)f.,723 70,000
4. Travaneore, do. . , ■1,,'')74 (i.OOO
:^. Cochin, do. . . l,t)88 2,000
Treaties olfensive and defensive ; right on their
part to claim protection external and interiial from
British Government, and right of the latter to inter-
fere in internal aflairs.
Second Class.
C. Ilvderabad, square miles, 88,881 96,000
7.naroda, do. . . 24,950 12,000
Treaties otTensive and defensive, with the excep-
tion of the right of Britain to interfere in internal
aflairs, but empowered to require the aid of Britisli
troops for the realization of the sovereign's just claims
on his subjects.
Third Class.
H. Indore, . . square miles, 4,24")
Uajpoot States ;
9. Oudipore, (H. 7,300)
10. JeypCir
iipftr, Jc
>•, Uhik»n>
'i;Ctrh,Dunfr
. Jh«na^, t ,1
viz. : My»«>re,
L'orhin, a-nd
11. Judpoor
12. Kotah, (M. 6,.'-)00)
13. Bundi, (H. 2,500)
14. Alwar ,
15. Bikbanir
IC). Jesalmir
17. Kishengurgh
IH. Bauswarra
19. Pertaubgurh
20. Dfingarpur
21. Keroli
22. Serowi
•JH. Hhurtpdr, (H. 5,000)
■>■[. Bhopal, (H. 5,000)
25. Cutch, (H. 13,300)
'>(). Dhar and Dewas
27. Dholplir
28. (In Bundlekund) Rewah
29. Dhattea, Jh^nsi and
Terhi
SO.
Sawantwari
11,784
13,427
34,132
4,389
2,291
3,235
iM.Of.O
9,779
724
1,440
1,457
2,005
1,87*'
3,024
1,946
6,772
7,396
1 ,466
1,626
0,310
16,173
935
Treaties offensive and defensive ; states mostly tri-
hutary ; acknowledging the supremacy of and pro-
mising subordinate co-operation to, the British
Government, but supreme rulers in their own domi-
nions.
Fourth Class,
Ameer Khan :— square miles.
31. Tonk . . 1,103]
Seronj . 261 ^ 1,633
Nimbahara . 269 J
;i2. I'atiala, Keytal, Naba, and Jeend 16,602
Guarantee and protection, subordinate co-opera-
tion, but supremacy in their own territory.
Fifth Class.
;<;!. Gwalior . square miles, 32,944
Amity and friendship.
Sixth Class.
34. Sattara . square miles, 7,943
nr,. KolapCir . . • •'',184
Protection, with the right of the British Govcrii-
mciit to control internal affairs.
Of thi <ove it< M* Captf' 1 Sutherland enumerate*
four as ,\i :hi)meii,.,n (i. '' vith Mussulman riilerit I
presume), iz. ; Hydrabi Oude, Bhopal, and Tonk :
of the Hn '00 States eij. •(>(' Mahr«ff», viz. : Sat-
tara, Ownlii,'^, Nagpfir, ln> ve, lf»iuln itojiftr, I)h»r
and Dewas : nineteen art hajjxit, viz
pfir, Judpur, Bdndi, Kotnh, C'litch, \
Jesalmir, Kishenghur, BiiiiswArB, Per*
pfir, Kerolfc, Serow6, Uewnh, Dhnt
Terhi : six are of other Hindoo tribt-
Bhurtpoor, Travaneore, Sawaiitwnr'
Dholpfir. Besides these allied states, there are
the fiillowing inferior Kajships and Jiigerdars, viz. :
Chota-Nagpur, Singfijer, Sumbhalpdr, Oudipoor,
Mani|)ur, Tanjore, the Baroach family, Ferozpdr, Me-
rich, Tansgaon, Nepani, Akulkotc, and those of the
Sagar and Nerbudda country, together with Sikhim,
and the States of the Northern Hills.
/til arcmivt nf some of the Putti/ StriteH lijinir North
of the TeiKiSKt'riin I'loriiire.H, — Of the numerous petty
states north of the Teimsserim provinces, those only
of /immay, I.abong, and Lagon, on the east bank of
the Salween, and the slip of country on the west
bank, inhabited by a wild, barbarous, but indepen-
dent tribe of mountaineers, called Red Kayeons, have
hitherto been visited by Europeans. Of the vast ex-
tent of country between the Salween and Cambodia
Rivers, we know little or nothing, though it is hoped
the expected opening of an overland trade between
the frontiers of China and the Tenasseriin provinces,
will extend our knowledge of the iiiti'rnicdiate conn-
tries. The country is extremely fcitile in our terri-
tories, abounding in risers; and with a population of
but three to the s(piare mile!
The town of Zimmay (or Changmai), is situated
in Lat. 20. N.and Long, about 99. K. ; that of I.a-
bong, is distant from '/immay only 10 miles S. E. ;
Lagon about 50 S K. from the same. The several
states are named after these towns, but their respec-
tive boundaries are not well defined, and together
with those of Moung-pay, and Moung-nam, appear to
be the patrimony of one family.
About 50 years ago, when the whole of this coun-
try was under the dominion of Ava, seven brothers
succeeded, with the assistance of Siam, in throwing
off the Burmese yoke, ejected them from the above-
named towns, and having been confirmed in the go-
vernment of them by Siam, have continued tributary
to that kingdom, and successfully resisted all the
attempts of Ava to regain possession. The elder
brother was invested with the title of " Chow-tchee-
Weet, or" Lord of Life," with the supreme authority
ov(T the others ; and the title has descended to each
brother successively alive, till it reached the youngest,
whom Dr. Richardson, found on his first and second
visits, but who died at the advanced age of 73 years,
during his third visit. It is now in abeyance in the
family, and awaits the decision of the court of Siam. —
Fiiini tho Madras Hern hi, 3 1st Hi'pt. 18,'37.
Before closing the subject, it may be desirable to
mention an independent chief of great talent, wealth
and power, with whom the Briti.sh government is on
terms of friendly alliance. I allude to Runjeet, or
Runajit Sing, whose country includes not only what is
called the Punjab, and the whole of the beautiful and
important valley of Cashmere, hut also considerable
tracts of territory beyond the Indus from Tatta on
the south to Thiliet on the north, and from Caubul
on the west to l)eyoiid the Sutlej on the east. This
formidable potentate possesses a large army (see
Mi/itiinj Sri lion), ^x\ immense jusenal at L'inritzar,
\]:-i
'1. :l\ ,
■
i'
■!"';■:
• y
. >yf\
278
HINDOSTAN.— GKOCiUAI'llV.
J
''J
mid R VBst trr«»nry fhi* unnual rpvrriiii'g nri' t'stiiim-
tnl nl l.HO.i 0,0(10 rnjici's) ut (iiivinil (iHrrow.
'I'lu' fiilliiNs JtiK me tlir iiuiiirs of the (itiviriu)r«-i;e-
nirnl nl Uritinh liiilin : ( nl. II, Clive, Irnm June ITTih
to Jan. nfiO; J. I.. MoKvdl, Jim. I7<''0 to July I7(i0;
H. VHiisittnrt, July 17i''(t tn Nov. 17C>» ; J. Siu'iicit,
Di'C. \1M to May l/C.'p; Lord (live, May 17i>r> to
Jan. 17(i7; Marry VereNt, Jan. 17C)7 tn Die. ni.'J;
J. (artier, Dee. I7r.y to A|)ril 177;i! Wnrriii lla.st-
in^'H, April 177ii tn Feb. 17H.'); Sir J. Mae|)hersnii,
Kel). 178.'i to Sept. l7Hf'); Mar(|uc»» Coniwiiiiis, Sept.
17HC. tn Oct. 1703 ; Sir J. Slinie, Oet. WXi to Maich
I7y«; MarfiucsM Wellesley, May 17yHlo July iNO.'i;
Manpies.s (Jornwallis, July 1 HO.') to Oet. IHOfi; Sir (i
Harlow, Oct. IHO.^ to July 1807; Karl Miiito, July
1H07 to Oct. lHi:»; Maniness Hastings, Oct. 1H13 to
Jan. iM^a ; J-ord Anilier^t, Auj;. 182;) to Apiil 18J8 ;
Lord W. Hentiiiek, June lHa« to iMii-l; Lord Aue^-
land, 183,'). The principal eveiitu which occurred un-
der each ot these rulers, will he lound in my Cniunial
Lihrnnj, vols, viii, and ix.
III. No lani;unpe would do justice to the varied and
mRgniticent scenery of Hindostnn, partukinn as it
does of the richly luxuriant and wildly heuutiful;
/i<TC interniinalile plains, interstctcd with deep and
mighty rivers : thi-re inaccessihlc mountains, whose
iinnieasurahle summits are wreathed in eternal snow ;
on the one hand an almo,-(t boundless landscape, ver-
dant with the softness of perpetual s|)rin(; ; on the
other alpine sti'pprs, ruggedly romantic, and fringed
with vast and towering forests : mountainous ranges
or ghauts on this slinrc, ))resentiiig a stupendous bar
rier to the Indian ocean, while on /// ■/, a low and
sandy alluvium seems to invite the further encroach-
ments of the deep and stormy Hengal Buy. Indeed
the features of Hritisli India are so varied that, to
convey an exact idea of their peculiarities, would
require volumes, and a survey of the country. The
sea coast line (extending from (Jape Negrais to the
frontiers of Sinde) is 3, ('22 English miles, with a
territorial breadth (from Surat to Sinde) of l,2f)()
miles. The leading geotrraiihical features of llin-
dostanare the Himalaya Mountains, along the north-
ern and eastern frontier; a range of ghauts, rising
at the southern point of the peninsula, running
north along the coast until receding at the i>arall('ls
of 20. to 22., when they branch off in ridges of dif-
ferent elevations across the continent of India, until
'ost in the table land of Malwa ami Allahnhiul ; while
on the eastward the mighty (lanf^in, and on the west-
ward the nearly ecpial imlim, roll their impetuous and
lengthened torrents trom the llimaliua snows to the
sultry coasts of Hengal and Cutch, giving olf in their
progress an infinity of tributaries, which are ramified
in every possible direction over the whole peninsula.
The sea coast of Bengal i)rovince is, for many
miles, scarcely elevated above the level of the sea,
and where the sacred Ganges and mighty liurram-
])ooter, with their hundred mouths, rush to join
the parent fountain, a vast extent of country (30,000
square miles) called the Siivdrrhunils, extending
for 180 miles along the bay of Bengal, is an inter-
minable labyrinth of salt water lakes, rivers, and
creeks, interspersed with nuingrove islets of shifting
mounds of sand and mud.
Calcutta, on the hanks of the Ilooghly, latitude
22. 23., longitude 88. 28,, distant from the sea l(/0
miles and from the SunilliraLl>i uhout l.'U) miles, has
a very intricate navigation through the banks of the
sand and mud which occasionally shifl their beds in
the Hooglily river as well as in the other branches >>i
the (ianges. It is, however, very fnvoiirnbly sitiinteil
lor inieniid iiaviKntioii, a.1 the (hinges and its mil),
sidiary strtaniH permit the transport nf fnreign prn-
diice tn the north-west (piarters of llindostaii over ii
diMtnnee of upwards of 1 ,000 miles, and the day iiiii\
not he fur distant when the lirliis and the (jangi>
navigation will he united by a canal. Diamnnd hiu-
hour, about I'.o miles below Calcutta on the eiivt
bank of the Ilooghly, liiis a draught of water siil!|.
cicnt for the largest Indinnien, but ships nf (iOO tnni
anchor (|Uite close tn the grand prnmemiile (entltli il
till' Stniiiil road and KnplundtUi] of the ' City uf
I'alaces."
This metropolis and commercial emporium of tlic
east (now containing UKiity ii millinn nf inhaliir-
ants), was so late as 1717, a small straggling vi|.
lage, with a few clusters nf huts, to the number cf
ten or twelve, the inhabitiiiits of which wcri' liiis.
bandmen, endeavouring to reclaim the siirroiiiKlini;
forests and swamps, wliidi txteiided even to whiic
Chandpal (iliaiit now stands. The city is dividni
into streets at right angles with each other, wii'i
large and handsome sciuares throughout, partieulnily
in the Kuropean part of the metropolis, each scpiiiri'
having in its centre an extensive tank or reservoir of
the Ganges water, with verdant sloping hanks plaiitid
with evergreen shrubs. The residence of the Govir-
nor-general, constructed by the Martjuess Welleslcy,
is of etpial magnitude to any palace in Europe.
The stupendous fortittcalion of Fort William wiis
commenced by Lord Clive, after the battle of I'lassy
and has cost the East India Company 2, 000, ()()()/, ster-
ling. Situated on the margin of the river Hooghly
(about one-fourth of a mile below Calcutta), and on
a level with the surrounding country, which is a per-
Icct Hat for many miles, it does not make an imposing
appeorance, indeed its strength is scarcely peree|itihk';
nevertheless it is superior in strength and regularity
to any fortress in India, and requires from 10,000 to
I r),000 men to defend the works. The form is octa-
gon, five sides being regular and three next the river
according to circumstances. The river Hows up to the
glacis, the citadel towards which has a large salient
angle, tlu faces of which entilnde the whole sweep
of the water ; indeed the guns of the faces hear iipdn
the city, until crossed by the fire of the battel iis
parallel to the river. This salient angle is deleiidid
by several adjoining bastions and n counterscarp tlint
covers tlu'iii. The bastions on the five regular land
sides have all nuiiiy salient orillons, behind which arc
retired circular Hanks extremely spacious, and an
inmunse double Hank at the height of the htriiie;
the double (lank would enable the besieged to retiinl
the passage of the ditch, as from its form it eannut
be enfiladed ; the orillon is effective aguiiist ricoehit
shot, and is not to be seen from any parallel ; the
berine opjiosite the curtain serves as a road, and con-
tributes to the defence of the ditch like a laiisseliiiive.
The (litch is very wide and dry, with a cunette in the
middle, which riceives the water of the ditih hy
means of two sluices that arc commanded by the fort.
The counterscarp and covered way are excellent;
every curtain is covered by a large half moon without
flanks, bonnet, or redoubt, but the faces each nnnint
13 |)ieces of heavy ordnance, thus giving a defence of
'Ml guns to these ravelins. The demi-biistioii« which
terminate the five regular fronts on each side iiie
cow red by a counterguard, of which the faces, like
tlu hiilf 11:00ns, are pierced with 13 emhrasiiies.
These couiiterguards are connected with two rcdonbis
ci'ns?ructe<l in the place of arms nf the adjacent re-
d
onterlna »ngli
creat aiten' mw
iidvniH ' ^1 ■■ nrk
:ind the iiiiuli
acute, project
other beyond
cnpiihle of taki
|ieriod oi' »lie
iililc fnrtrir-ss is
rounded liy n
well Kri.velh'd
iif IxalU, hoiiil
bnriiu'k- :u-e s
Th^- I ,gth
to till .1 is in
1,500 ; Sutledi
ViOU 1,2.10; J I
(to (hinges I'll)
liiilia— Godiivci
7(10 ; Nerliiidil
Taking the liii
west and sniitl
the east, the co
giilile rivers, m
not less than //
The (piantit)
rivers carry do\
The Uev. Mr
interesting nbse
(ianijes, which
province of Ben
t'f/iiciti/ 11/ III!
i",H10 7th, ll,.')
22ml 3»,r)r,o ; S
October 8ih, 1(
monMi< — equivii
Drjith of t:
,10th, 22 feet (1
14th, 2H feet ; 2
iiK'hes; 8th, 44
42 feet; 31st, 3 (
37 feci Ci inche
Ist, 2(i leet f) in
four months.
budluble. mnti
Gimi'es wati'r.
July 3r(
7tl
23 r;
August 8tl
13tl
22n(i
September fit!
24tl
October 8tl
On an average 1 !
wine quart, dur
from the l,')th J
be added for so
the whole Cfpial
soluble and insc
in every cubic ft
The principal
the eastern and
chain, which run
parallel to the ci
lava range, or, a'-
elevates its loft'
tiirnhly Hitiiatcil
'H mid itH Hull.
Ill I'lirriKii prii-
iniliistnii (ivcr »
11(1 till- diiy (iiu\
ml the (iHtl|;l^
DiiiDionii lull.
Ill nil the t'll^t
III' wntiT siilU.
ips (if <iOO tdiii
ictuiili' (ciititlid
I the ' City ui
iporiiim (if tlic
tidii (if inhntiil-
stinduliiiK vi|.
till' luimlicr iif
liii'li were Iiiih-
lie .siirrdiiiuliii^'
I'vi'ii to wlicic
city Ih (lividol
i;h iitlu'r, wit'i
lut, piirtii'iilnily
)lis, each s(|unn'
t (ir ri'scivdir uf
ii; Imnks piniitid
3 of till' Oliver.
UCS8 Wi'ljislt'y,
1 Europe.
irt Wiiliain wiis
lattli- (if FInssv
2,000,00(1/. sti'r-
' river Hiinuhly
ilcuttn), and (im
which is a pi'i-
ike an inipiisini;
;ely percept ilik';
and ri'fiuliirity
1 from 10,(100 to
form is iicta-
next the riviT
)WS up to tiic
laru;i' salient
whole sweep
'aces bear iipdii
the hattciiis
e is diiinded
iterscarp that
e regular land
iiid which arc
ions, and nn
the lierine;
j.'i (1 to retard
H'lii it caniKit
inst ricochet
piirallel ; the
uiid, and con-
a lausselinive.
cunette in the
the ditch hy
ed by the fort.
re excellent;
moon without
s each mount
a defence of
Kistionp which
each side are
he faces, like
embrasures.
two redoubts
e adjacent re-
IIINDOSTAN.— GKOr.RArHY,
•2VJ
ol
rntrrinx Bnc;le«, thp wlxih' fnred, and pallsmled with
;;reat nitenhoii to iieatnciH «» well ii» "(treiigfh. The
nilvanc' d "(irkH urc executed on an exteiii^ive scale,
:ind the niiKleit of the half inooiiH hein^' extremely
«cute, project n Rreat way so as to he ii) view of each
iitber lieyoiid the Ihiiiked nmjle of tlie polynou, and
cnpablc of tukin;; the trenches in the rear at an early
|ieriii(l ol' *lie approach. 'I'lie interior of tlilit adinir-
iilile fortress Is truly beaiitiful, — liu'we trust-plot^ siir-
rouiKh'd by rows of shidy trees, lieii.atli which are
well sr., veiled promenades, — with heri' and tin re piles
iif InalU, bombshells, and parks of artillery. I'lie
l)inriKk~ :ire spacious, and will coiitiiiii jo.ooo men.
'\'\\e I i^tli of course of hoiiie of the principal rivers
tiitlii ,1 is ill l''.ii);lis|Muilcs— Indus, 1,7(1(1; (ian'.;es,
l..'i(IO; .Siitledj (to Indus OOdi, l.li'O; .lliylum ((litto
].iOl. Iil-'.^iO; Jiiinmi (to (iaiines 7mI) I,'i()(>; liunduck
(to (iannes -i'lO), !)M(), In the DeccaiMiiid south of
liiilitt — (iodaveri, to the sea, MfiO inili's ; krislina,
7(10; Nerbiidda, 700; Tuptee, .IC') ; Cavery, 100.
Tiikiut; the limit of the (iaiu^es and .luiniia to the
west and south, and the Itrahmaputia and Me);na to
the east, the country, completely inte.-sec^ed by navi-
giilile rivers, may be computed to coV'T an area of
not less than fnitij sciiimi' ilf'irri's.
The (pinntity of alluvial matter which Ihesc vast
rivers carry do\Mi to the ocean is immense.
The lU'V. Mr. I'lverest has furnished us with some
interesting observations and expi'rimeiits on the civur
lian;;es, which he recently iimde at Gluucpore, in ihe
lirovince ot Heiiares.
Whv'tlii III' I lie sirfitin in frcl in nn honr.— July Urd
C.HIO 7th, ll,.''iJO, i^.lril, I'l (100 ; August Sth. r.'iOO,
•j'iml :U,.''iC>0 ; September (dh, :il,(;()0, l!»th, i:<,:i20 ;
Octiiber Hdi, IO.hOO, or 2(1,200 avera'^-e of the four
iiiiin'h-^ — I'lpiivalent to about four miles an hour.
lh-\ilh of t: • )•//'(■;•. — June 22nd, li( feet (i inches;
:inth, 22 feet (> n,:' es ; July 7fh, 2.'i feet (i inches;
nth, 2« feet; 'iaid, :!0 fe.'t ; Auu'Ust 1st, :\r, fe 't f>
inches; 8th, 44 feet; IStli, 47 teet Cinches; 22nd,
42 feet ; .'ilst, 3'i feet ; September (ith, 3s feet ; l.'ith,
37 feet d inches ; 24th, 2S feet fi inches ; October
1st, 2() leet 6 inches, or an average of 33 feet for the
four months.
Iimluhte mnllir nmlained in a given quuntily of
GimL't's water.
'\\'ine ipinrt. Cubic foot.
July 3rd, 1 i^rain 30 grains.
7th, H 240
23rl, 10 300
August Kt!i, 58-10 1740
13th, 37 1110
22nil, 2C. 7 SO
September fith, 17 510
24tli, H 240
October Hth, fi 108
On an average 19 trniins of insoluble matter for every
wine quart, during the four rainy months, that is
frimi the l.'ith June to l.Mh Octidier, to which must
be added for soluble matter, say two grains, making
the whole erjual to 21 grains, or about (>30 grains of
soluble and ins(dul)le materials carried into the sea
in every cubic foot of water of this magnilk\nt river.
The principal mountain ranges are the UiinnUya,
the eastern and western Ghauts, and the Vindhya
chain, which run through the centre of the peninsula
parallel to the course of the Ncilindda. The Hima-
laya range, or, as its name siguincs, the ahodv of sin>u\
elevates it» lofty peaks from 20,000 to 27,()00 feet
above the level of the sen, forming nn alpine belt MO
miles III extent, from lllndostan to Tibet. The priii-
ci|itil chain of the Himalaya, ruiiiiing from nortli-wext
to Hoiilh eist, rises ill a ridge, with nn itbnipt nteep
l.ice against the plains of fi,0li0 feet in height ; there
is then a slope from the crest of the ridgi towards the
north, Tiie mountaiiiH on the Hide of tiie niiowv
range consist of a series of nearly parallel rid';ei, with
intermediate vallirs (II hollows; spurs are thrown olf
III all directions iiito the hollows, forming snliorihnntk'
vallii's. There is nothing like table land i perhaps In
the whole of the mountains, with the I'xeeption of
NipM), and the valleys are broad wedge-Rlinpeil
chasms, contrncted at bottom to a mere water course;
for this reason the (piantity of level ground is iucoii-
sideiable. On the Hank of the great chain there is a
line of lotv bills I the .S'('//'r//i7.), which coiumeiiee at
Uoopur, on the Siitlij, and run doAii a long way to
the south, !-kirting the great chain. In some places
tluy run u|i to and rise upon the llinialayn. In otiirrs
tliiy are sipurated bynn iiiterinediate valley, liefweeii
the Jumna and the (hiieies they attain their greatest
height, viz, 2,000 feet above the plains at their feet,
or 3,000 above the sea, rising ut once from the level,
with an abrupt mural front. To the east of the
(innges and west of the Juinmt the Sewalik hills gra-
dually lull otr. They an- serrated across their direc-
tion, forming a succession of scarcely parallel ridges,
with a steep face on one side, and a slope on the
other; the slope being, like that of the gieat chain,
towards the north, and the abutment townrds the
south. These hills may be considered an upheaved
p irtion of the plains at the foot of the Himalaya, and
formed of the debris of the mountains, washed down
by rains and otbe. natural causes. They are covered
with vast forests <d s '.ul, toom, and fir, and are uniii-
lubitcd, and, n.s on the Himalaya, the dip or slope
being towards the north, and the abutment towards
the south, the great mass of vegetation baa a northern
exposure, and the south faces are generally naked.
20,000 feet have been barometrically measured and
trigonoiuetrically confirined; at this height huge rocks,
in immense detached masses, lie scattered about or
piled on each other ns if realizing the Titanic fable of
giants climbing to heaven. Beds of decayed sea shells
are found, and lichens and mosses, the last link in
\egetable life, struggle through a stunted existence
beneath the verge of perpetual snow. At Ki.HOO feet
north side, campanulas and ammonites have been
found by enterp>ising Knglishmeii ; at 13,000 feet the
birch, juniper and pine appear, and at 12,000 feet the
majestic oak rears its spacious head, towering amidst
the dCMilation of nature. The cultivated limits of
man have not passed 10 000 feet on the south slope,
but on the north side villages are found in the valley
of the Masjia river at 11,400 feet elevation, who fre-
ijuently cut green crops, and advancing further the
habitations of man are found as high as 13,000 feet,
cultivation at 13,(i00, tine birch trees at 14,000, and
furze bushes for fuel thrive at 17,000 feet above the
level of the ocean !
[A niinate account of the topography of each dis-
trict, its scenery, rivers, natural curiosities, .tc. will
be found in the Second Edition, vol. i., of my His-
Uiry of the Hrilish Cohmie.t ; in vols. viii. and ix. of
my Coldiiitl Lihrdii/, and in vols, i., ii. and iii. of
Eimlerv htdia, forming a condensed account of Dr.
Buchninan's Survey of Ikhar, &c.]
'' 'jti
> '■i
li.xo lIlNnOSTAN.— (iKOC.UAIMIY.
ARKA, I'AIIAM.KL, MKKIDlAN, AM) I'llYSlCAl, ASlMX 1 OK KAC'H BIUTISII
I'OSSKSSION.
Districts.
Allahabad
ikiidit .
Kalpco .
ruttchporc
■■]
jArca in!
s(|uniT I
; Mill's. :
Pa in I Id.
/Jcni,"-"/ I'rovivi
Calcutta .
Il(ini;hly .
NiiiUIca
Jcs.sorc .
Hiickcrgimpc
Dacca . .
Tippcinii . .
Cliittagoiig .
Sylhct . . .
Myiiu'iisiiig
Ilnjcsliayc . .
Moorshcdahad
.liinjilc Mclials
Hii'l)luH)in . .
Didagcpiior .
lliingpoor . .
nunlwan . .
lidhiir.
Kanigluir . .
Hoglipoor . .
Haliar .
I'atiia .
Shahahad . .
I'lirncah . .
Tirhoot . .
Sanin . .
Suinbiiiilpoor
Ori.mt.
Mi(liia|)orc
Ilidjcllcc . .
Cuttack . .
Ultra Oangetir.
Arracaii . .
Assam, Sec.
Tavoy . .
Yo . . .
'rcnasscritn .
Mcrgui Isles
N. W. Prorinccn.
Hcnarcs . .
(iliazccpoic .
Azimghur . .
(ioruckpoor .
.luanpoor . .
I. at.
N.
Long.
I'..
4722
22r.O
:i I (),'■)
riiso
2 7 so
-Ma.')
r.830
a'jHO
•K)()0
(>'.t.><S
.■l'.l,">0
1870
Ci'.tDO
3S70
.'■>!I20
2000
22430
7270
.'■>;t2.''.
4r..'io
7 ICO
77;!2
.'■>7('.0
8200
yooo
1 1 .'■>oo
1 wm
I .'■)000
.i.io
2H.-.0
2240
'.t2r.o
IHJO
2r>,'io
4fi85
1780
() 'Ml
22 2;V8H
22 .'i I 88
2;t 2'>'88
2:i 7 8<)
22 42 8;)
23 42 DO
23 30,92 20
22 '.»2
(icogiaphy and Physical Aspect.
24 ."S."" '.11
24 30 '.)0
24 30'8i)
24 II 1.88
23 20,87
24 o;87
2;-. 37
25 43
23 LI
24 30
25 13
2.") 10
2;") 37
25
25 45
27 10
2(i (»
21 8
22
51 50
20 30
20 30
26 28
10 8
to
IT)
40'
20:
oi
10
20
88 43
89 22|
87 57
84 30
8fi 58
85 20
85 15
84
88 L'3
SC.
84 5(i
83 37,
l.cvd with the sea, rivcis, salt lakes and dense jungles, soil sandy
Low, lint, well watered, lieli alluvial soil, along llooghly river.
Ditto, ditto, light soil, Jellinghy and t'ossiinba/ar rivers, tertile.
Ditto, salt marshy isles, rich soil, cnibouchnrcs of the Gangps.
Very low, part of the Sunderbtinds, alluvial soil, ditto.
Coveii'd with laki's, and intersected by the Cianges and nrnhnia-
piitra.
Wild hilly regions, fertile tracts on Megna, with marshes, dense
forests.
120 miles along tlio bay of llengal, hilly, productive lands, islets
numerous.
N. K. hilly, S. tlat and inundated, \V. conical hills, and line vales,
Valley of nrahmnputra, lov, tlat, and iniinmerable streams.
Intersected by tl.o (iniiges, and tlat with exti'tisive lakes.
Intersected by the Jellinghy, tlat and fertile, well irrigated.
Wild, forest, hilly country, beautifully picturcstpie and dry.
Hilly, jungly, and dry land, with hot mineral sprinj'is.
Hilly, to S. waving valleys, niwnherlcss streamlets and lakes.
Ditto, to K. forests, watered, Harrow mountains, 3,000 feet, clusters
of lakes.
Rising land, rich soil of a thirsty nature, jungly, coal and iron.
Hilly, mountaiiioua district, two-thirds waste, very rocky and
mineral.
Clusters of fertile hills and swelling valleys, hot springs, iron.
Hilly nnd rugged to S., tint near the (innges, dry valleys, nitrous soil,
(laiiges' banks for nine miles, river live miles wide, very pictu-
resipic.
Picturescpie along the Ganges, hilly to S., good roads nnd rivers.
Marshy to S., alluvial country, sinking towards the (iangcs.
Klevated, but not billy, extensive wastes to the N., well watered.
Ditto irrigated, rich Hats along Ciniiduck, majestic forests.
Hill and dale, pictures(iue, intersected by Mahanuiuly.
87 25 Cultivated plains, with good roads, and ilensc jungles.
88 10 l'".mbanked against the tides, and intersected by rivers.
8(') 0i Delta of rivers, elevated, then hilly, nnd next mountainous.
92 5
90 W
97
to
99
30 83
3583
4f.!83
20!84
25 27'81 50
30
26 10
80 20
79 41
25 5f.;80 45
Isthmuses, islands, swamps, sea const ; jungles, hills, motintniiis,
inland.
Valley of the Urnhinnputrn, (U) miles wide by 350 long.
Dense forests and jungles, sen-coast, low islands.
Numerous rivers, rice plain* and forests, rocky coast.
Mergui Archipelago, interior hilly, little known.
Chain of high hold isles in triple lines, with harbours nnd wido
channels.
The holy city situate on the Gnnges, highly cultivated.
(iently undulating lovely groves, (iangeson theS., (ioggra on Mie K.
l'",levated Hat, jungly, sandy but fertile, (ioggra river.
Base of hills low, intersected by rivers, forests, Nepaul, ins. to N.
Slightly undulating surface, well cultivated, N. Si .S. (ioggra, K.
Ganges.
Oniiges and .luinnn Delta, 800 feet nbove Calcutta, Hat sandy lonin.
Elevated table laiul, high bills in parallel ranges, and lew rivers.
Along Jumna, tint, rising towards Pnnna mountains; diamond
mines.
Ganges nt d Jumna vnlley, rising from cither hniik, picturescpie.
\l
Districts.
Cawnpore
K.tnwah
I'lirruckabail
Slinjehnupoii
Saidabad
Allygliur .
Sniswau
Hareilly
IVeliblieat .
Moradnl)ad
Agra . .
Delhi . .
Sarahunp<ioi
Kiuiiaon, iVc
Nerbuddii Di
Mmiritu I'ri'si
(Jaiigam
Vizigapatnin
Rnjainiindry
Mnsiilipatam
Gimtoor
Bellnry
Ciiddapah .
Nelloip
A root . .
Cliingleput
Salem . .
Cdiinbntoro
Triiichinopol;
Tunjiire
Madura
Tinnivelly .
Malabar
Cniiara . .
Ihmliiiij Pm.f
Coiikan, N. 8;
Dhnrwar .
I'diinali
Kiuideish .
Sural . .
llnronch
Kiiirali . .
Ahiiu'daliad
Kiittywnr .
IITISII
plrs, soil sandy.
^Iily vivcr.
kcrs, iVrtilr.
10 Ganges.
:o.
s and nrahmn-
ninrshos, diMiso
\\'v lands, isli-ts
ind liiu' vnlrs.
;lii'aiii».
i\k('s.
ii^ati'd.
md dry.
s.
11(1 lakes.
1(10 tVi't, i-Uistors
111 and iron.
fi'ry roi'ky niul
iiii^s, iron.
'vs, nitrous soil.
do, voiy (lictu-
Is and livor.s.
(ian;j;os.
oil vvato'oil.
osts.
ly.
unons.
lis, tnoimtaiiis,
IB-
lonr.s and wido
1.
if;;;ia on Hie K.
Ill, ins. to N.
S. lio(,'j;iu, K.
lilt sandy loniii.
Cow rivers,
lins ; diaiiioiid
itturos(|iu'.
'
•'
lllNnOSTAN.— GKOGHAl'llY. 281
ARKA
I'ARAI.l.r.I,, MKUiniAN, AM) IMIVSUAI. ASI'K( T OK V.WU lUUTISll
POSSKSSION.
.\roa in
Parallol.
Histriols.
s(|navo
'"
Goo^rnpliy, and I'liysioul Aspoot.
Milos.
l.at.
.ong.
N.
K.
'
(1
fawnporc . .
•ir-.-.o
2r. 30
■<0 13
Sop;niont of vast plain I'roin bay ol' ll.'n^al to tbo nu.imtains, Cortilo,
.1,-%'
Ktiiwali
111.")!)
iC. 47
7« .'■.3
(11 \ .
I'Miit, hnt intorsoctod by ravines, naked soil, Cbiiinbiil river.
rmrnokaliad .
IH.-|0
27 2»
71» 27
Tbo Dual, is in fjoneral Hat and divested of lolly trees, dry and olayoy
Shnjolinnpoor
II'JO
J7 .'.0
7'.) -IS
soil,
riat and iiitorsi^-tod by N. momitain streams, well onltivaled.
Saidiilmd . .
10(1(1
J7 30
IH
Ilii;lily eiiltivated, many water eouises, rolenlive brick eliiy.
.Mlyshnr . .
l!3(10
27 r.c
77 50
I,(.\v ilaik iiinu;!e, loneliest part of tlie Hoab, many watercourses.
Siiiswan . .
IS 00
JS (1
7'.1
lli:.;lily eiiltiv.'itcd, many waloreonrses.
llaroilly . .
2000
2M 2,1
7'.» ICi
(Icnerally level, watered by tbo (iani^cs, Kosila, Sio. Knmaoii nis. N.
IVoliWu-at . .
2:too
2H 12
7'.) 42
I'leasanlly silnato on tbo (Jnrrab, very fertile.
Moradaliad
.^KOO
2H .'.I
7H .12
A varied moist soil, imindateil aloni; llie (ianiies, (u>rwbal ins. Nd.
Aura . . .
;t:-|0(1
27 II
77 53
Table land, Cbnmbnl and .liinina, i'>0 feet bi^li, lii;bt dry soil.
Dillii . . .
■IC.OO
2S .11
77 5
Ditto, 80(1 feet above tbe ocean, tbirsty saline soil, canals.
Siiriduinpoor .
1120
2'.i ,'■.7
77 32
(Jnit(> Hat to base of bills at N. and Iv, wbieli rise abruptly, fortilo.
Knmaon, i'*iC. .
7200
30 (.
70
Succession of bi^:li iiioiinlainous rids^os, olevatini; to 7000 loot.
Norliiiddii Mist.
8.')700
23
SO
Deep ravines, fertile valleys, ami dense forests, Norbmldtt delta.
Mmlrits I'rrsid.
(Janpini . .
itTOO
I'.t 21
S5
l,ow sea-roast, liirtje fertile plains, billy to W.
Vizij;npatain .
:)(;oo
17 12
S3 24
Mountainous lofty ridso, par.illol witli and Irocjuontly oloso to the
soa.
Houndod by tbo Ciodavory, oxtriisivo delta, high hills, delta 500 m\.
Rajamundry .
■ICi'.IO
IC. ,'.'.)
SI 53
miles.
Masiilipatatn .
•IHIO
If. 10
81 14
M(niiitainoua, \V. low soa-ooast, bikes and streams, good harbour.
Guntoor . .
I'.MUl
IC. 17
SO 32
Ditto, ditto, ditto, watered by Krishna, to N. and (iondegama to
the S.
IVllnry . .
I270;?
1.'. ,'.
7C. 5;)
J Stiipondoiis wall of nioiiiitains, rising abruptly from low lands, like
Cmldapah . .
12 7.') 2
14 32
7S 54
1 a terrace, a vast level, and ferlile plains.
Nelloro . .
7I7S
l.-^p
SO
l'ictiires(pio even to tbe s(M, groups of small bills, (vc.
Arcot . . .
1. 1(120
12 11
70 22
Varied surbieo, moiiiitainoiis to the North, clothed with verdure.
('liinf;lrput .
:fo20
12 IC.
SO
Inoludes Madras, low, with larm" masses of granite in a sandy soil.
Siilciw . . .
7ri'.i:<
11 37
7S 13
To N. 5,00(1 feet above the sea, three divisions of hills, the last table
l.x. 1
Coimbatoro .
s;i'.)2
II
77 20
land.
I'ndulaling table land, '.1(1(1 feet high; to tbe N. Ci,(i()0 feet, Neil-
gheries.
Trinoliinopoly
;u (".'.»
II
7s 10
More olevaled, waviiii; valleys, and abrupt eiuinences.
iiiiijoro . .
:iH72
10 11
70 I 1
Delta of t^auvery one Hat sheet of rice oiiltivation to tbe Kast.
Madura . .
l(\:iC>
<» 11
78 30
Kbit to S. and K., hilly and niountaiiioiis, N. Nl W. IoicsIs, fertile
valleys.
Tinnivclly . .
.'■.,'•.'.10
H 1(1
7S
Kidge of mountains \V, open eonntry to the soa, few hills, rivers.
Malabar . .
■IDOO
10 12
7C.
200 miles sea-coast, low hills, separated by narrow valleys from W.
(ibiiuts.
("iiiiara . . .
7177
12 1,'.
75
ISO miles ditto, rocky and mountainous, W. (Jhiuits.
lUmiliiiii I'lfniil.
Conkaii, N.JtS
12270
IC. 20
74 (
225 miles along soa, eongeries of steep mountams, 2 to 4,000 fert
(ihllllts.
niiiirwar .
'.1122
I,'. IC
75 (
l''.levaled to the W. isolated ominenoes. Hat sumniils.
I'dllliull . .
20H7O
IH 3(
74 ;
Irregular and intersected by many rivers, ferlile valloy.s.
Kaiidoish . .
12130
20 2L
75 (
Interspcisod with low hills to S., and niimoroiis streams.
Sural . . .
Ml!)
20 21
73 (
llillv and jinmly to the K. and S., Hal to N. and along the const
fertile.
Hnnmch . .
I3,''.l
21 2l
73 14
I'lat, well cultivated, niul peopled along the Gulph.
Kuirali . . .
Alinu'ilabail
IH.'.O
■1072
22 21
72 If
Intersected by the Karec river, level, well watered, good soil.
Kattywar . .
I72H
22 3(
72 (
1 lliiequal hills, .junnles, and reddish rocks, rude coast,
(I
;•!
Iff
I
'1
. •
1
J*i
I^i^
r*
•JH2
HINDOSTAN.— GEOGRAPHY.
GEOORAPHICAI, POSITION OF THE HIMALAYA PEAKS, RIVERS, &C.
I Heigrht
Station or Peak. I ahove
, the sea,
I feet.
.Sahariinpoor ..
CImndra Kadani
Surkananila
Bairat. .
Jeytek
Chur
Ditto Peak
I'chalaru
Keda Kauta . . . .
Changshill .,.,
Wliartu (fort)
1013
;()6l
92/1
7^,99
485)
\iCmj
i2ua
14302
12689
12S71
1067.")
1 Peak 23531
2 ditto I 25749
3 ditto ' 23317
Sri Kanta 1 2029(5
Various peaki
•{
16982
to
19512
Lat. N. Long.E.
29 57 1077 32 12
10 18 03 78 36 27
District or
State.
'23 24 28
78 16 33
30 34 51 77 55 26 Jaimswar . .
30 35 25,77 19 10 Sirmoor.
30 50 36177 28 30 Ditto & Jubal
30 52 00 77 28 03 1 Ditto
D(/ab ..
Rimola
Ditto ..
30 54 04
78 35 22
U 01 08178 00 33
31 09 10 77 56 10
31 14 25
77 29 19
30 18 30 79 45 54
30 22 )9i79 57 22
30 30 42|79 51 33
30 57 12 78 47 33
31 14 13
to
31 26 02
■8 23 55
to
•7 53 49
Gherwal
Ditto . . . .
Bissalier
Ditto
^Jawaliir.
Glierwal .
Bissaher
}"•
Observations.
Starting point of Survey.
Penk of ridpe separating ttie Alaciinanda and Blingirathi val-
leys, top clay slate, and bare of trees.
Ditto between the Jumna anil lihnpirathi, overlooks tlic
Dlionn, I'l miles direct from Rhcera •, summit, of a dull
frreyish stone, havinj: a ennrhoidal fracture, scmi-liard.
Abundance of golden pbeasants.
Fort between the Jumna and Tons, clay slate and quartz-
Ditto, extremely steep, yet heavy cannon were dragged up
by the British In 1814 for its attack. Clay slate.
Peak, highest central point in lowest range of mountains,
ridges, spurs, and ramifications, visible all round, granite,
firewood abundant, water procurable from snow -, Jnnipcr
and red currant found on 't, and its N. K. face shaded by
forests of the cedar pine, S.W. face steep and rocky, with
few trees.
Separating ridge of Jumna and Khagirathi, about 2,500 fpct
above the forest limit, which is 11,800 feet above the sea-
level, only a patch of snow left in September.
Ditto Tons and Jumna, Gneiss, lost all snow in August.
Ditto between Russin and Pabar, gnei.ss ami white quartz, nn
granite above forest limit, highest productions black cur-
rant and juniper.
I'eak of Tungru range, connected with the Chiir ridge i horse-
sline form, throwing off on the concave side the Ghiri and
ether streams, on the convex feeds the Setlej, 8:c. Gneiss
and much red and white quartz, wooded to the very summit,
where the wild strawberry grows. Ohoorka forts or watch-
towers of unhewn stones.
These peaks are far to the east ; so far as we know, No. 2 is
the highest mountain on this giobe.
The Bliagirathi winds round the western foot of tliis peali,
where it breaks th(uigh the base of the Himalaya cliain,
changing its course from VV. N.W. to S. S.W.
S. or hither Himalaya shutting in to the N. tlie Baspaanil
Sutledj, giving rise on the S. to branches of the Itu^sin,
Pabar, &c. Various passes over the ridge from 15 to ili.dun
feet high.
Station or Pe
(iunass Pass
iluranda ditti
Childing Kon;
Sri Gerh . . .
Chuasi Kort .
Puari Village
Kanum ditto
HangarangPi
Skalker Fort
Lasseha Puss
POINTS ON SOME OF THE RIVERS, INCLUDING THF.IU SOUnCES, CONFLUENCES, AND THE PLACES
WHERE THEY ENTER THE PLAIN.
Bhagirathi
Sukhi
Hurdwar
Jumnautri
Beral Ganga . .
Tons or Lupin..
Larl 00 the Spiti
Simla .
Sabbafhoo . . ,
Ramghn, Fort..
Jaka Station. . . .
13800
8869
1024
10849
12489
12784
11071
7486
4456
4054
8120
Shalli • B623
Malown.
4428
30 54 54
33 .59 55
29 56 16
30 59 18
79 04 00
78 41 13
78 09 40
78 26 07
30 57 15178 31 36
31 02 48
32 04 32
78 28 56
78 23 40
Gherwal
Ditto . . . .
Doab
Gherwal
Ditto .
Ditto .
Ladao.
Point where the Bhngirathi first emerges from the last snow
bed or glacier, measuring 27 feet wide, and hut 18 indies
deep. Valley 500 feet wide, and 1 mile long.
The Ganges may be here said to break through the Himalaya
proper : the river bed was found 1,261 feet below Sukhi, or
above the sea 7,608 feet.
Ganges enters Hindostan plains.
Source of the river Jumna; a place of pilgrimage, bolliii!;
springs, temperature of the water 194.7, which for t/n' ele-
raliiin here given Is nearly the heat at which water is con-
verted into .steam.
Supposed source, but even here a large stream, crossed on a
niitiiriil hridf^e of frozen siiniv ! the real source about three
miles higher from the S. W. foot of the great snowy peak
Bonderpuch.
First exit from snow bed, 31 feet wide, and knee deep : for
several miles nuthing but snow perceptible ; origin from the
N. face of the same cluster of peaks as the Jumna.
A village here ; climate so dry that the houses arc built of
bricks liitketl in the .sun ; the houses being Jial roofed sliows
that no great quantity of snowfalls. Shawl goats abundant.
MINOR STATIONS OF SURVEY.
Kyonthal
31 06 12J77 09 20
30 68 12176 58 37
31 05 oh;76 46 59
31 05 50 77 10 ofi Kyonthal
Bareilli ,
Indus . . ,
31 11 16
31 12 39
76 41 l7!Bag:i
'9 41 8C
INow a delightful British .station; view of the snowy range
from tlience, highly interesting.
I British cantonment, romantically situate.
Strong fort car urcd from Ghoorkas.
High jjcak ot .limln range, top clay slate, bare of trees to the
S. well clnthcd with pine forests on the N. side.
Connectcvl with the Chiir range, very inacccs.^ililc on account
ot peculiar shape, wooden temple on sunmiit, where liniiian
sacrifices were (and are said to be so still) ollered to the
Hindoo goddess Call,
A steep ridge with strong fortress, captured by the Britisli
1815.
1(1 Bhngirathi val-
lii, overlooks tlie
nmmit, of a dull
ctiirc, scmi-liaid.
te and quartz,
wore dragged up
r slate.
pe of mountains,
.11 round, praiiitc,
m snow J Juniper
!. face shaded hy
p and rocky, witli
i, about 2,r>00 feet
et above the sea-
iber.
1 in August.
il white quartz, no
uctions black cur.
;;hiir ridge \ hnrse-
side the Gliiri and
etlej, he. Gneiss
o the very summit,
rka forts or watch-
^e know, No. 2 is
foot of this peak,
;; Himalaya cliain,
5. W.
N. the liaspaand
les of tilt; liu^sin,
e from \'> to lli.onn
HE PLACES
rom the last snow
and hut 18 iiiclies
ng.
gh the Himalaya
below Sukhi, or
St
Igrimape, boilin?
liich for the fie-
ich water is con.
am, crossed on a
urce about three
jreat snowy peak
1 knee deep ; for
i origin from tlie
Jumna.
nscs are built of
flnl roofed shows
i iroata abundant.
the snowy range
re of trees to the
side.
i.iihlc on account
lit, wliereliiiman
11) ottered to tlie
d by the Britisli
HINDOSTAN'.— GEOLOGY, MINKRALOUY, AND SOIL.
2s:^
station or Peak.
(iunass Pass
Kuranda ditto.,
Childing Kona
Sri Gerh
Chuasl Fort.. .,
Puari Village .,
Kanum ditto .,
HangarangPass
Majang La . .
Nako
Skalker Fort
Lasseha Puss
Height
above
the sea,
I'eet.
15459
I.'i2fl()
1286(1
8424
10741
6168
8998
14710
17700
119"5
10272
ia628
Lat. N.
Loug.E.
31 21 07178 08 22
31 23 28 78 Of) 22
31 37 Ifi'78 27 27
31 24 17ir8 25 10
HI 24 5t) 78 28 47
31 32 57 78 16 41
31 40 26
31 47 34
31 48 29
31 52 34
32 on 02
32 02 S(j
District or
State.
Observations.
Bissahcr ....
nitto . . . ,
Ditto . . .
KuUu...,
Suk-hot. .
Uissaher
78 26 17 Ditto .
I
78 30 50 Ditto ,
79 06 54
78 36 31
78 32 18
78 32 06
Chinese Tar- \
tary . . . /
Bissuher . . .
Ditto ,
Ditto ,
Pass over the outer ridge of the Himalaya, leading from the
valley of the Rupin into that of the Baspa. Crossed 30th
September, 1819, 6 miles of road over suow, very soft in
some places, of which the general depth was from 3 to 6
feet, but on the summit of the pass not fathomable with
sticks 9 feet long. Ther. at sunset 33. F., water boiled at
187. No granite on the ridge, nothing but gneis.
Pass from the valley ot the Pabar into that of the Sutledj.
Pass above Murin to Nissang.
Fort on the right bank of the Sutledj.
Ditto ditto, there are other forts ecinally high.
Good village on Sutledj, 300 feet above the river, excellent
grapes to be had here.
Substantial village on ditto, 500 feet above the river, delicious
apples and grapes in abundance.
liclwecn Hang and Sungnam ; summit composed entirely of
limestone; no snow in October, though a lew hundred feet
above it laid in i)atclics.
Ridge crossed on the road from Shipki to Garu ; a few traces
of suow in Octol)cr.
Tartar village in Hangarang on the left bank of theSpitij
barley grows some hundred feet higher than tl.e village,
osiers and poplars are visible near the village.
Fort, border of Hishar, right bank of Hpiti.
Pass from Skalker fort to Surma village j no snow in October,
but ink froze at 10 a. .m. !
Tlic aspect and general features of the rivers, moun-
tains &c. of Hindostan, will be seen in my CuUmial
Hislonj.
IV. Primitive formations in which granitic rocks
bear the principal proportions, occupy, it is thought,
not only the great Himalaya northern chain, but also
three-fourths of the entire peninsula, from the valley
of the Ganges below Patnato Cape Comorin ; although
these rocks are frequently overlaid by a thin crust of
laterite, a ferruginous clay considered as associated
with the trap formation. The transition formations
have not as yet been clearly distinguished ; the secon-
dary formations described are —
1. The carboniferous i^roup. Coal occurs exten-
sively in the grits bounding the southern slope of
tlio Himalaya, but it !. s been questioned whether
this formation is the older coal or only lignite asso-
ciated with nagelflue, as on the slope of the Alps ; it
has been particularly described, however, where the
river Tista issues from this chain, (88" 3.')' east longi-
tude,) and there, undoubtedly, bears all the charac-
ters of the older formation ; its strata are highly in-
clined, whereas the tertiary beds and even most of
the secondary in this part of India are horizontaL
The coal district on the river Dami'ida (100 miles
north-west of Calcutta) extends on the banks of the
river 00 miles, and appears from its fossil lycopodia
to be undoubtedly the older coal ; it reposes appa-
rently on the surrounding primitive rocks, but it is
nut improbable that it extends across the delta of the
Ganges to Sylhet, .SOli miles, at the eastern extre-
mity of Bengal. Tertiiiry rocks prevail in Sylhet,
and it is doubtful whether the Sylhet coal be not
really modern lignite. I believe no carboniferous
limestone has been discovered.
2. Next to coal is a i^reat sandstone formation,
which, beginning at the Ganges on the east, first
shews itself supporting basalt on the Raj-Mahal hills ;
it again prevails throughout the interval between the
cimtluence of the river Soane, and of the Jumna with
tlie Ganges, and then stretches across the west-south-
west through the Bundlecund district to the hanks of
the NcrbiVlda, (which flows into the Gulf of Cambay
as far as 79" east longitude,) where it is overlaid by
the extremity of the great basaltic district of north-
western India, near Sagiir, the red sandstone shews
itself again emerging from beneath the north-west
edge of this basaltic district, at Neeinuch, near the
west source of the Chumbul, and at Bang, in the val-
ley of the Nerbudda.
In both places, as also along the central portion of
the platform before described, stretching through
Mahva, it is frequently covered with a thin crust of
gray argillaceous limestone, supposed to represent
English lias, but nearly destitute of organic remains,
the general absence of which in the secondary rocks
of India is remarkable. A primitive range extending
irom near Delhi to the head of the Gulf of Cambay
separates the secondary rocks of Mahva from those of
the great basin of the Indus ; but on the west border
of tills ridge, through Ajmeer, the redstone again
shows itself, containing rock-salt and gypsum. The
diamond mines of Panna, in Bundlecund, and of the
Golconda district, are situate in this formation, the
matrix being a conglomerate bed with tiuartzose
pebbles.
:\. Tertiary rocks are found at the foot of the first
rise of the primitive rocks of the Himalaya, in the
north-west of Bengal, where the Brahmaputra issues
from them at the passes of the Garrow hills. Cerithiai
tvrritelli, remains of crocodiles, sharks, lobsters, &c.
are here found, and further east nummutite limestone
prevails at Sylhet.
The great basaltic district of the north-west of
India extends from Nagpfir, in the very centre of
India, to the west coasts, between Goa and Bombay,
occupying the whole of that coast to its termination
at the Gulf of Cambay, thence penetrating north-
ward as far as the 2 Ith parallel of north latitude.
The soils of Hindostan vary of course with the
geological characters of the country ; in the deltas of
I rivers, consisting of a rich alluvium ; and in coun-
tries of a trap formation ; a stilf clayey and tenacious
I surface, highly fertile when irrigated, prevails. a
I'
'ill t
284
HINDOSTAN.— GEOLOGY, MINKRALOGY AND SOIL.
Lower Brngal tlie fertility of the soil seems to be in-
exhaustible, owing perhaps to its saline qualities ;
for several centuries it has been in unceasing cultiva-
tion as the granary of India, rudely tilled, without
the application of scientific principles to agriculture,
and yet there seems to be no diminution in its fer-
tility ; as we ascend the Ganges the quality of the
earth of course varies.
The following is an analysis of three specimens of
soil from sugar cane fields; the first w&s from a vil-
lage on the Sarju, ten miles north of the Ganges, at
Buxar ; the other two from the south of the Ganges
near the same place. Nimibcrs one and two re(|uire
irrigation, three was sufficiently retentive of moisture
to render it unnecessary ; there is a substratum of
Kankur thi'oughout the whole of that part of the
country, and to some mixture of this earthy lime-
stone with the surface of the ^oil the fertility of the
latter is ascribed ; the sugar cane grown yielded a rich
juice.
No. i.No.2. No. 3.
2.5 2.1 3.6
1.8 2.1 4.0
l.G
1.0
94.1
0.6
l.l
24.1
3.9
0.3
88.2
100
100 100
Hygrometric moisture on drying at
212"
Carbonaceous and vegetable matter
on calcination
Cavb. lime from digestion in nitric
acid and precipitation, by carb.
pot. (No. 3 alone effervesced)
Alkaline salt dissolved
Silex and alumina
The earths were not further examined, but the two
first consisted chiefly of sand; the third somewhat
argillaceous. All were of a soft, fine ground allu-
vium, without pebbles, the analysis confirmed the
quantities ascribed to each specimen.
The soils vary of the Hydrabad district, with the
facility with which the rock of which they are formed
decomposes ; it is generally siliceous. The analysis
of a garden soil at the cantonment of Secundarabad
which had not received such manure, shewed specific
gravity 1.70. Four hundred and eighty grains con-
tained water of absorption, 10 grains; stones con-
sisting of quartz and felspar, 25.') grains ; vegetable
fibre, 2 ; siliceous sand, 154=431 grains. Of mi-
nutely divided matter separated by infiltration, viz.
carbonate of lime, 7 ; vegetable matter, 7 ; oxide of
iron, 2.5.; salt, 4 ; silica, 20; alumina, 8; loss, 10.5.
Total, 480. The richest soil in this district, and the
most spontaneously productive is that arising from
the decomposition of the clay slate.
The soil of Bengal is extremely shallow, and a
compound of saltish mud and sand, the former
derived from the inundations of the rivers washing
down the richest particles of the surface in the up-
per provinces, and the sand probably being the rcli-
quiiE of the occean which is here retreating from the
land. The Regur or cotton ground, which extends
over the greatest part of central India, is sujjposed
to be a disintegration of trap rocks ; it requires nei-
ther manure nor rest, slowly absorbs moisture, and
retains it long, and it has produced the most ex-
hausting crops in yearly succession for centuries.
The saltpetre or nitrous soil is general in Bahar. The
Rabur soil which is found in the Saugor and Ner-
budda country is of two kinds : the one of a black
and the other of a brown yellow : the first mentioned
is cultivated for 30 years without a fallow, the latter,
after 20 or 25 years work, requires 12 years rest.
A Rabur soil examined by Dr. Spry, was, when
examined from the fallow, in hard lumps, imparting
a soapy impression to the touch, with an earthy
smell when breathed on, and a slightly adhesive
quality applied to the tongue : specific gravity 1.908 ;
colour dark brown. 200 parts yielded on examina-
tion, water of absorption, 21 ; carbonate of lime, 15 ,
loss by burning, 3 ; oxide, or protoxide of iron
(strongly attracted by the magnet) 11; alumina, 8;
siliceous sand, 131 ; loss, 11=200. The Rabur land
when first brought into cultivation from fallow, yields
of wheat 10, and of gram 12 fold of spring crops. An
analysis of the different soi's shews very little heating
or vegetable matter in them. Manure is seldom ap-
plied, and its efficacy in the tropics has been doubted.
The alluvial soils are of all others the most fertile,
tilled with the least difficulty, and requiring no fallow
if occasionally subjected to inundations of rivers
containing much sediment. All the soils of India
have in general a powerful absorbing quality ; hence
their fertile properties. [See Colonial Library, vol.
viii.]
V, The temperature of so wide an extent of coun-
try as British India, and of such different degrees of
elevation is, of course, very varied. In Bengal I'm.
per, avast quantity of rain, (amounting to 70 or so
inclies) falls in the rainy season, coming in with June
and continuing to the middle or end of October.
Influence of the Moon in producing rain (Calcutta) in
each year.
cd
1825..
1827..
1828..
1829..
1830..
1 83 1 . .
\M2..
1833..
First Four Months
in each Year.
1.82
1.62
0.16
1.72
6.48
5.55
4.86
3.10
O +j
C aj .2
0.58
1.00
1.82
0.00
0.74
1.85
2.25
1.00
Total 25.31
9.24
For each Year.
.S I*
j=
o ^ o
c
cfl tn o
<< "O T3 «i
45
>^T3
C S
■3 O
23
From these observations as well as others, made
by the Rev. R. Everest, it appears that rain fell most
abu' ..antly on the 2nd, 5th, 6th, and 7th days before
the new moon, and the 6th day after it.
The rainy season in Bengal is succeeded by what
is termed the cold season, which lasts from Novem-
ber to the middle of February, when the hot season
begins and continues to the middle of June. During
the cold season the air is clear, sharp and bracing in
.some degrees. Thermometer 65. to 84. mean 72.;
barometer medium 29. to 96,
Month.
January
February
March .
April
May
June
July . .
August .
September
October
November
December
Ann
M
nual 1
ean J
* By Major Bui
is about 1,000 f
The range
with the latitud
laya mountains
ponding increas
August is thd
sense; but June
phere is really
Depression of 1
Month.
January
February
,
March
April .
,
May .
June
July .
,
August
September
October
November
December
■
Mean Ten-
•
sion .
8! r!
2 years rest.
, v\-as, when
ps, imparting
th an earthy
htly adhesive
;ravity l.'.tOH;
on examina-
e of lime, 15 ,
)xide of iron
; alumina, 8;
le Rabur land
fallow, yields
ng crops. An
' little heating
is seldom ap-
been doubted.
; most fertile,
ring no fallow
ans of rivers
soils of India
imlity ; hence
I Library, vol,
c
o
o
No. of rainy
days beyond
that period.
4
.3
5
3
4
■2
23
IIINDOSTAN.— CLIMATK
285
Barometer at 32" Fahr. j Thermometer.
Month.
"6
♦
years'
ions,
26.t
++
eanof
)bser-
x.and
years'
ions
min.
sun-
P.M.
years'
ions
min.
Calcutta,
vears, 18:
31.
b
n
CD
cs"
<
Benares, 4
Observat
1 822- It-
Saharunpc
1826, 182
Madras, m
21 years' c
vationsma
min.ll
Calcutta, a
observat
max. and
CO ,
a ft)
> </i
Benares, 4
observat
max. and
a o
.a -M
a 00
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Inches.
Degrees. Degrees.
Degrees.
Degrees.
Degrees.
January
+ .208
+ .229
+ .273
+ .274
— 6.5 — 11.6
— 13.7
— 17.0
— 21.8
February .
+ .172
+ .115
+ .175
+ .219
_ 4.5 •_ 6.0
— 4.9
— 11.5
— 20.9
March . .
+ .095
+ .051
+ .107
+ .151
— 1.8 + 1.0
— 2.8
— 1.5
+ O.l
April . .
— .030
— .028
— .043
+ .061
+ 9.7 ^ + 5.1
+ 7.8
+ 9.5
+ 6.1
May . .
— .152
— .105
— .136
— .060
+ 5.2 j + 7.5
+ 5.6
+ 13.9
+ 11.6
June . .
— .248
— .156
— .289
— .217
+ 7.4 1 + 5.5
+ 7.1
+ 13.1
+ 17.5
July . . .
— .218
— .176
— .308
— .398
+ 3.9 , + 4.6
+ 4.4
+ 6.9
+ 12.8
August . .
— .194
— .126
— .203
— .278
+ 3.0 + 3.6
+ 4.1
+ 6.4
+ 10.0
September .
— .115
— .098
— .098
— .158
+2.1 , + 3.7
+ 4.3
+ 5.8
+ 9.5
October
+ .020
— .010
+ .074
— .047
+ 0.1 1 + 2.5
+ 2.2
+ 1.3
— 0.8
November .
+ .1(51
+ .102
+ .181
+ .209
— 3.1 — 5.4
— 4.2
— 9.7
— 10.8
December .
+ .258
+ .201
+ .299
+ .245
— 4.9 '.— 11.5
— 10.1
— 17.6
— 13.8
Annual
Mean
29.7 f)4
29.573
29.464
28.766
81.69 1 78.13
78.39
77.81
73.5
.506
.405
.587
.672
13.9
19.1
.21
31.5
•'
♦ By Major Burney. t Benares is about 300 feet above the level of the sea. X Saharunpore
is about 1,000 feet abov the sea level. § By Mr. Goldingham. || Capt. Hodson and Dr. Royle.
The range of variation in atmosphere increases
with the latitude, even up to the foot of the Hima-
laya mountains ; and is accompanied by a corres-
ponding increase in the range of the thermometer.
August is the most damp month of the year to the
sense; but June is the month in which the atmos-
phere is really loaded with the greatest weight of
Depression of the Wet Bulb Thermometer and Deduced Tension of Vapour in the Atmosphere at Calcutta,
1829, 1830, 1831.
aqueous vapuur. January is in every respect the
driest season of the year, but the drought at Calcutta
naturally falls far short of what is experienced at
Benares and Saharunpore, where the depres.sion of
the moistened thermometer sometimes exceeds 35
degrees.
Sunrise.
9.40
A.M.
Noon.
2.50
P.M.
4 p
• M.
Sunset.
Month.
-
Dep.
Ten.
Dep.
Ten.
Dep.
Ten.
Dep.
Ten.
Dep.
Ten.
Dep.
Ten.
January
2.3
.82
8.4
.51
13.1
.37
15.9
.31
14.4
.32
9.3
.50
February
1.6
.87
8.5
.56
12.4
.44
14.4
.38
13.9
.39
11.1
.47
March
1.9
.89
8.7
.59
12.6
.47
14.2
.41
14.1
.41
10.7
.51
April .
1.4
.94
8.1
.66
117
.53
13.9
.46
12.7
.50
8.1
.64
May .
1.8
.92
7.3
.69
9.8
.62
10.8
.58
9.7
.61
6.0
.73
June
1.6
.92
4.4
.78
6.6
.71
6.6
.73
5.2
.76
0.5
.83
July .
1.9
.90
4.6
.79
5.5
.75
5.5
.74
5.0
.77
3.5
.83
August
1.6
.63
4.4
.SO
5.4
.77
4.9
.77
4.8
.78
3.1
.85
September .
1.7
.91
5.3
.76
6.5
.71
5.8
.73
5.2
.76
3.8
.81
October
1.5
.92
6.1
.71
8.0
.65
8.6
.63
7.4
.66
4.3
.79
November .
2.8
.85
9.0
.55
12.3
.44
13.9
.40
12.6
.43
8.1
.59
December .
2.4
.83
7.4
.59
10.8
.47
12.5
.43
11.3
.44
6.9
.61
Mean Ten- "1
sioii . . J
.892
.665
.577
.547
.570
.680
The average fall of rain.at Calcutta for three recent years, was inches 59-83.
II!
286
HINUOSTAN.— CLIMATK.
A Meteorological Register for Calcutta during the Year IB33 (Assay Oincc;
Barometer reduced to
32 Fahrenheit.
Temperature of Air In an
open Veranda.
Hair Hygro-
meter.
Rain.
Wind.
Mouths.
<
a
■<
a
S
2
a
3 .
.9 a:
<
2
68%
74.0
82.3
87.5
87.5
90.5
86.3
85.0
80.3
85.2
790
71.7
«j9
tt g
l|
oiS
81.3
83.5
91.7
97.2
94.0
95.8
91.8
90.2
93.5
93.5
89.2
82.3
1
3
•5
a
Weather.
January . . .
February . .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September .
October ....
November. .
December . .
30.03()
.925
29.788
.692
.565
29.511
.484
29.548
29.593
.79"
29.953
29.927
.095
.880
.765
.017
.569
.533
.599
.052
.860
30.029
.014
.979
.844
.757
.650
.545
.485
.454
.520
.548
,751
.926
.906
.056
.951
.82!)
.699
.593
.550
.522
.582
.612
.819
•978
.957
61.1
67.5
75.0
78 8
80.8
84.3
81 3
81.0
81.1
78.8
70.3
63.0
66.4
71.5
77.8
\. 80.8
. 83
85.1
83
80.5
82.6
80 7
7*7
66.7
85
86
90
92
95
92 5
95.4
96.0
95
91
88
89.4
78
78
80
83
90
88.2
94.0
93.0
93
87
74
85.7
0.05
0.48
1.77
3.52
12.86
3.04
12.44
8.15
8.19
3.68
0.06
2.57
Northerly.
Light alls.
S. (Monsoon
Ditto.
Variable.
Ditto
Ditto Ik calm.
Ditto.
S. and £.
Calm.
Light breezes.
Ditto.
Clear and dry.
fJcnerally tine.
S(iually.
Stormy.
Heat.
Cool, rain.
Moderately raim.
Ditto.
.S(|iially.
Fine.
Dilto.
Cold.
On the north-cast frontier of Bengal, where the
country begins to be elevated above the level of the
sea, the climate, when the land is cleared, is described
to be very fine.
Tirhoot, a district of Rahar, between 27 and 28
degrees north latitude, extending in a south-east
direction IGO miles, and bounded to the north by a
lofty chain of mountains separating it from the al|)iiu'
kingdoms of Nepal, is placed in a happy medium trie
from the fogs of Bengal and the dry parching wiiuls
of the north-west provinces. The soil is luxtiriantly
fertile, and almost every European fruit and vii,';'-
table is produced in perfection and in abundance in
Tirhoot. The following shows the —
Barometrical Pressure and Temperature at Tirhoot.
Barometer, at 32"
, (inchc )
Thermometer (degrees).
Months.
Average
Monthly
Altitude.
Monthly
deviation
from An-
nual Mean.
Mean Monthly
diurnal Oscil-
lation.
Average
heighth
in the
bouse.
Mean of daily
extremes in
Open Air.
Monthly
d'^viation
from An-
nual Mean.
Mean
diuinal
range.
Wind.
January
2y.fi98
-1- .308
.Ill
60.6
60.4
—17.6
19.0
E. & W.
bebruary .
.575
+ .165
.101
66.4
66.7
—11.3
23.2
W.
March . .
.479
+ .089
.087
76'3
76.1
— 1.9
23.9
W.
April . .
.309
—.021
.089
81.6
85.2
+ 7.2
24.1
W. S. F..
May . . .
.522
—.138
.071
85.3
89.2
+ 7.3
19.5
10 .
June . . .
.146
—.244
.068
86.0
86.7
+ 11.2
19.1
E.
July . .
.125
—.265
.069
84.6
84.5
+ 8.7
12.3
E.
August . .
.173
—.217
.070
83.2
85.0
+ 6.5
9.8
E.
September .
.237
—.153
.085
84.3
81.5
+ 7.0
10.5
E.
October
.445
+ .055
.093
81 5
73.8
+ 3.5
14.7
!■;.
November .
.570
+ .080
.090
78.4
,,
— 4.2
21.9
E.
December .
.614
+ .224
.080
63.6
6 1. 6
— 16.4
17.7
W.
range
range
Mean .
29.390
.573
.084
77.5
78
288
17.9
The western provinces under the Bengal Presidency,
viz. Allahabad, Agra, Delhi, &c. are temperate, but hot
winds blow during a part of the warm season, when
the wealthier natives sometimes resort to underground
habitations to escape their torrifying efl'ects.
The climate of central India is mild, and approaches
much to that of the south parts of Europe, or to the
table land of Spain ; although the mercury may rise
to 100, during the day, the nights are bland and invi-
gorating.
The English dominions among the hills and iilong
the Kumaon province are blessed with a delicious
climate, the rigours of the winter solstice being mo-
derated by great solar radiation, while the summer
heats are tempered by the contiguous eternal snow-
topped Himalaya. Indeed, during the summer sea-
son, the vicinity of the frozen region causes a conti-
nued currency of atmosphere, which sets in daily as
regularly as a sea breeze on a tropical shore, and with
a nearly similar invigorating freshness. At Saliarun-
poor, in 30" latitude, and 1,000 feet above the sea,
the climate is similar to the southern parts of Euro|ic;
the mean temperature throughout the year is about
7.3". and monthly mean temperature at Sehariinpoor
(1,000 feet above the sea), January, 52 degrees; IV-
bniary, 55 ; March, 67; April, 78 ; May, ^'i; .luiie,
yO ; July, 85 ;
74 ; Novembei
(7,000 feet hi
Id ; Marcli, 5
July, 66 ; Aug
November, 52
Mr. Trail th
mehals (district
full half the yc
snow, beginnin;
and continuing
April. In oper
of snow is in so
oariy in June ;
July. During
the thermomet(
ilcgrecs, and at
shade, and fror
Huwil Ba^li in
the range of the
7 A..M. 2p.isU
Jan. 3,5" 47"
Feb. 37 55
Mar. 46 61
April 54 66
" The heat of
creases ; and at
high) the difterei
the above averag
contrary, from
meter before su
liiiil the frost m
derate height (t
noon the sun is t
hours have been
(Iocs not fall cqi
every third year i
it docs not lie lor
ridges. On the (
the plains, snow
May. At Masuri
aiiimo' heat is o
feet elevation, tli
assumes a Europi
falling at Almora
Soullieni India
N.E. and S.W, m
country, the low
dense exhalations
as on the Mysore
in the Carnatic
lOfi degrees F.) ;
not being so grea
on the other ha
duration.
In Travancore,
and the waters ot
montory, the clin
the sea breeze blc
whole year round
The climate of
higher parts thai
of America, whicl
zation in the ne
advantage, that il
attending the iati
cold piercing win
mountains. The
is rather more th
range is very sma
Weather.
!ar and dry,
ncrally tinu.
ually.
)riTiy.
■at.
ol, rain.
xleratcly riiinv.
tto.
iially.
lie.
Ito.
iia.
rom the al|iiiic
y medium In;'
)arcliing winds
is luxuriiuitly
ruit and vci;;'-
abundaiice in
Wind.
an
nal
;c.
.0
E. 8. W.
9
\V.
y
\V.
.1
w. s. v..
.5
K.
1.'
E.
K.
E.
E.
E.
\\.
tlie suininiT
tternal snow.
■summer sca-
luses a conti-
in daily as
[)re, and with
\.t Saliarun-
3ve the sea,
[s of Eiira|ic;
ar is about
SehariiniiiMir
|iegrei's ; i'l-
H;"; June,
HINDOSTAN.— CLIMATE.
287
!)0 ; July, 8.5 ; August, 88 ; September, 7'.» ; October,
74; N()veml)er, CM; December, .'),'). At Muasoori
(7,000 I'eet high), January, 'M> degrees; February,
10 ; March, .')2 ; April, (iO ; May, 72 : June, 7;* ;
July, (J() ; August, or) ; September, 61 ; October, do ;
Noveml)er, .')2 ; December, 40.
Mr. Trail thus describes the climate of the Bhot
mehals (districts) of the Kumaou territory : — " During
full half the year, the surface is wholly covered with
snow, beginning to fall about the end of September,
and continuing to accumulate to the beginning of
April. In open and level situations, where the bed
of snow is in some years 12 feet deep, it is dissipated
early in June ; in the hollows not till the middle of
July. During the five months of absence of snow,
the thermometer ranges at sun rise from 40 to 55
degrees, and at mid-day from 05 to 75 degrees in the
shade, and from 90 to 110 degrees in the sun. At
Hiiiril Bit^h in Kumaon, 3,887 feet above the sea,
the range of the thermometer during the year was
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
A.M. 2 P.M.
3.5" 47"
•M 55
46 61
April 54 66
7 A.M. 2 P.M.
May 57" TA'>
June 73 76
July 72 78
Aug. 72 79
7 A.M. 2 P.M.
Sep. 65" 67"
Oct. 55 69
Nov. 42 60
Dec. 34 52
" The heat of course diminishes as the height in-
creases; and at Almora town, in 29" 30' (5,400 feet
high) the diflerence is two or three degrees less than
the above average. During the cold season, on the
contrary, from the greater evaporation, the thermo-
meter before sunrise is always lowest in the vallies,
and the frost more intense than on the hills of mo-
derate height (that is, below 7,000 feet), while at
noon the sun is more ijowerful. The extremes in 24
hours have been known 18 and 51 degrees. The snow
docs not fall equally every year ; the natives fix on
every third year as one of heavy snow, but in general
it docs not lie long, except on the mountain tops and
ridges. On the Ghagar range, between Almora and
the plains, snow remains so late as the month of
May. At Masuri, 6,000 to 7,000 feet high, the mean
anima' heat is only 57 degrees F. ; indeed, at 4,000
feet elevation, the hot winds cease, and vegetation
assumes a European f .laracter. The quantity of rain
falling at Almora is fr jm 40 to 50 inches per annum."
Southern India. — The climate is influenced by the
N.E. and S.W. monsoons, and by the elevation of the
country, the low lands being extremely hot, with
dense exhalations, and the ujjper dry, cool and healthy,
as on the Mysore table land. The thermometer ranges
in the Carnatic higher than in Bengal (to 100 and
101) degrees F.) ; but the moisture or evaporation
not being so great, the heat is less severely felt ; but,
on the other hand, the cold season is of very short
duration.
In Travancore, owing to the proximity of the ocean,
and the waters on either side of the peninsular pro-
montory, the climate is moist, but not oppressive, as
the sea breeze blows from one quarter or another the
whole year round.
The climate of the Neilgherry hills resembles in the
higher parts that of the great intertropical plateaus
of America, which have become the centres of civili-
zation in the new hemisphere, with the additional
advantage, that it is not subject to an inconvenience
attending the latter, namely, the sudden changes and
cold piercing winds occasioned by the variety of lofty
niountiiins. The mean temperature at Ootocamnnd
is rather more than that of London ; but the annual
range is very small, and the heat never sufficient to
brin^ the more delicate European fruits to perfection.
At Coimbatore the temperature during the cold
season is — niiniinuni 31 degrees F., maximum 59
degrees F. ; in A|)ril 65, in May 64 degrees. There
are no sultry nights, a blanket being agreeable at all
seasons of the year.
Bangalore (lat. 12.57 N., long. 77.38 E.) is one of
the healthiest and gayest stations in India, and re-
markable for the wholesomeness of its atmosphere.
The thermometer seldom rises above 82 or falls below
56 degrees F. The vine and Cyprus grow luxuriantly ;
apple and jicach trees yield delicious fruit, and straw-
berries are raised in the principal gardens. The mon-
soons, which sometimes deluge the Malabar and
Coromandel coasts, have their force broken by the
lofty Ghauts ; and the tuhlenu of Mysore (on which
Bangalore is situate) is constantly refreshed by genial
showers, which preserve the temperature of the air,
and the lovely verdure of the fields throughout the
entire year.
The Malabar and Canara coasts are not unhealthy
(tropically speaking), except in the marshes beneath
the Ghauts, where the miasm, as in all similarly
situated places, is very deleterious.
In the Mahratta country, the north-western parts
towards the Ghaut mountains, which attract the
clouds from the Indian ocean, are visited with profuse
rain, which sometimes continues three or four weeks
without intermission, while to the S. and IC, perhaps
not 30 miles distant, not a drop of rain has fallen
during the same period.
As we proceed to the N. and W. peninsula, the cli-
mate approaches to that described under the western
l)rovinces of the Bengal Presidency, excc|)t in the
neighbourhood of the Sea. In Guzerat the westerly
winds are burning hot in May, June, and July. Can-
deish has a luxurious climate, like Malwah ; and
Poonah, p central station in Upper India, 2,500 feet
above the level of the sea, 100 miles from Bombay,
and 75 miles from the nearest sea coast, is delightfully
situate within 30 miles of the Ghauts.
The following data shews the improving climate of
India, and which civilization will yet much further
ameliorate.
His Majesty's Troops servir in Bombay Presidency.
Years.
Average
Strength.
Died.
Invalid.
1826
3028
172
185
1827
3120
1,55
127
1828
3239
201
163
1829
3496
101
164
1830
3825
146
119
1831
3799
79
70
1832
3677
74
52
On the whole, it may be said that the climate of
the British possessions on the continent of Asia is
essentially of a tropical nature, though varying in
intensity, and sometimes verging into that of the
temperate zone, either by reason of the peculiarities
of the soil, or its elevation above the level of the sea.
The following table affords a comparative view of the
monthly and yearly mean temperature of the air of
Calcutta, Madras, Bond)ay, and the Neilgherry moun-
tains (8,000 feet high), compared with the temperature
of the city of London, and the fall of rain in England.
MiM
:iM8
HINDOSTON.— POiniLATlON.
Comparative View of the Monthly and Yearly Mean Temperature of the Air of Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and
the Neilglierry Mountains, &c.
i i
!■ it
Calcutta.
Bombay.
Madras.
Neilgherrles.
Lo
ndon.
Months.
Mean.
Max.
Mean.
Mil.
Mean.
Max.
.Mean.
Min.
Mean.
Max.
Mean.
Min.
Monthly
Means.
Average of Rain
for
Two Years.
Mean.
Max.
Mean.
Miu.
Average of Rain
fur
6 A.M.
3 P.M.
Two Years.
3 p. SI.
75.1
HO,
88, 1
!)5.1
!)7.1
88.
86.1
86.2
86.
81). 2
78.
75.
6 A.M.
63.
67.
68.
79.1
80. 1
78.
78.1
79.3
78.
76.1
6,-,. 2
.')9.
4 P.M.
78
7H
81
84
8;.
86
81
84
80
8,5
85
81
II A..M
7<i
76
80
83
85
85
81
84
79
84
81
80
82.2
84.5
87.6
92.
94.3
90.5
92.6
89.9
89.7
87.8
8t.3
80.2
74.1
73.8
1^.7
84.1
85.1
84.2
85.3
83.1
83.3
82.4
80.1
70.
453
45J
58
58
57
571
523
57
541
501
50.1
4(ii
671
591
63
633
631
60
613
601
603
62
S'*
60
Inches.
1.17
2.47
3.10
5.21
5.25
10.37
11.77
2.40
7.41
10.86
3.H7
39.6
42.4
50.1
57.7
62.9
69.4
6y.2
70 1
65.6
55.7
47.5
42.2
32.6
33.7
33.7
42.2
45.1
48.1
52. *J
.12.9
.'.fl.!
42.1
38.3
35.4
Indies.
1.483
February
Murcli
.746
1.440
April
May
1.786
1 853
1.830
July
2.516
1.4.W
September
October
2.193
2.073
November
December
2.400
2.426
Annual Means ..
85.3
73.4
82.1
81.5
87.9
80.8
52J
61
63.88
56.1
42.5
VI. We have no census of British India previous
to our occupation of the country, and little informa-
tion since that that can be rehed on for minute cor-
rectness. I have scarclied the various public offices
in India and England, and now proceed to detail, as
connectedly as possible, the result of my inquiries.
The earliest document I have obtained relates to the
Bengal Presidency, in 1789. 1 give it from the ma-
nuscript return, with its comments.
Estimate of the Population of tlie Provinces of Bengal
and Baliar ; the Company's Possessions in Orissa ; and
the Province of Benares, formed from Estimates trans-
mitted by the Collectors of the three former, and Resident
in the latter, in answer to a reference made to them by
desire of Lord Cornwallis, in July, I789.
c
a
u
b.
Districts.
a
■c
•3
a
,0
S
Benares
1071832: 919852
919852
2911556
Bahar..
33;)3.)4: 333333
333333
1000000
Bcerbhoom
400000i 520U00
520000
1370000
Bhagulpoor, (including
I
Rajemahl).,
262840! 260000
I 00000
612840
Burdwau
380800; 433200
544000
1360000
Calcutta
133334 133333
133333
400000
Cliittagong
1398281 1542"0
181087
475175
Dacca
307144 3I06O8
320960
938/12
Dinagepore
3577331 319824
175872
883429
Jessoie
28OOO0! 285100
491 009
1056109
Midnapore
2409441 242080
2I8O77
701101
Moorshedabad
386l8i: 410787
223604
1020572
Mymensing
200000| 200000
200000
600000
Nuddea
437O881 454fi09
467471
1359168
Pergunnahs, 24
i:>0332 158663
137070
446068
Puriiea, (including Dhu-
rumporc)
353600 373900
472500
1200000
Ramgur, (including Pa-
1
chcte and Jelda)..
242000; 196625
166375
605000
Rangamatty
4435J 4115
2366
10916
Rajshahy
613321 512963
372039
1498323
Rungpore, (including
Coocli Behar} . .
1877431 179285
92484
459512
Salt Districts
137433 158684
68320
364437
Shahabad
375000 4100011
315000
1100000
SirkarSarum
420OOO1 380000
100000
900000
Silhet
188245
104381
140319
492945
Tipperah
120563
112920
73001
308484
Tirhoot
668843
642 100
533336
1844309
Total
8392593
8252632
7333428
23948653
Hcmitrks on the foini^oins: Estimate, from the letters of
the Resident at lleniires, itnd sereral Collectors of
Bengal, Buhar, and Orissa.
Benares. — The estimate of this province, formed
by Mr. Duncan, is stated to have been made "accord-
ing to the grain produce, allowing nine niaunds 011 an
average for the consumption of each person, chililruu
included ;" excepting, liowever, the city of Benares
and its vicinity, the population of which was estimated
by Aly Ibraham Khan to be 1,000,000, but tiie He-
sident, deducting two-fifths, computes it to be ()07,0(JO
only.
Bahar. — The computation in this district was
made conjccturally by Mr. Law, who supposes the
number of inhabitants " to exceed rather than fall
short of a million." Mr. Scton has endeavoured to
obtain more accurate information, but has not yet
been able to procure it, or to distribute the number
computed by Mr. Low among the men, women, and
children. This distribution is, therefore, stated in
equal proportions, which is nearly corresponding with
the general average.
Beerbhoom. — The estimate of this district, formed
by Mr. Keating for Beerbhoom, and Mr. Hcsilrigc for
Bishenpoor, is stated to have been founded on caieu-
lations made by some of the principal inhabitants.
The children in this instance are stated to be below
ten years of age.
Bhagulpoor. — The estimate of this district,
formed by Mr. Davis, is calculated on the number of
villages, and houses, or families, allowing four persons
to each family or house, and twenty houses to each
village. He adds, that the hill people of the Jungle-
terry were numbered in Mr. Cleveland's time, and
found to be about 9,000. The children in this esti-
mate are said to be below fifteen.
BuKuwAN. — ^The calculations in this district, made
by Mr. Mercer, is also founded on the number of
villages, and houses, or families, allowing four persons
to each house ; but he divides the villages into three
classes, and computes the first class to contain :.'00,
the second C>0, and the third 5 houses.
Calcutta. — The dill'erent gentlemen who have
held the oBice of collector of this town, and the .55
villages adjacent to it, having been unable to furnish
any estimate of the population, the number specified
has been assumed at nearly the average of different
estimates furnished by intelligent natives to the com-
I
piler of the (
since, when li
Ciiitta(,()
fnrni.shed by
wimt groiiiKJs
Dacia.— I
timnte of thi
DlNAOKPOl
furnished by
Jessohi;.-
furnished by
lor each melia
MlDNAPOHl
I'lirnishcd by B
MOORSHEI)
by Mr. J. E
MVMENSINC
tiict having bi
computation,
turally, on a
assessment an
NtSDOKA. — '
by Mr. Iledfeni
the number of
lowance of sev(
proportions vai
Pkiuu'Nnaii
estimate of thi
he also observe
If) years of age.
I'UMEA. — Ml
district to hav
actual investiga
by 5,800, the
which, he adds
general opinion
habitar.ts." He
sidered adult at
at 20.
Ramohur. — 1
been the result
not explain the ;
Rangamatty
Bisny, Currubai
nished by Mr. 1
on the reports of
Rajshahy. — '
Rajshahy as it s
the lute new arrt
estimate furnisl:
fourth for an apj
other districts.
RuxnpoRE. — ]
estimate of this
grounds it is foui
gunnah.
Salt Distric
is taken from det
Hewett and Dent
of their calculatic
Shahabad. — ]
estimate of this 1
of it.
Sirkar SARu^
timate of this dis
Sn.HET. — The
by Messrs. Wiljcs
iation of the nun
house, the propoi
TlPPEUAH. — T
Marquiip, is staff
the Zemindars of
mbay, and
cinn.
Average of Rain
f(ir
Two YeRrs.
Inclica.
l.l«s
.716
1.4 in
l.7Hfi
1 H.ia
1.830
2.5IO
1.4S3
2.1P3
a. 073
2.4011
2A2ti
im the letters nf
til ColleetuiK of
ovince, formed
made " uccoril-
! maunds 011 an
icrson, children
:ity of Benares
li was estimated
lO, but the Re-
it to be (')07,()(IO
lis district was
o supposes the
ather than fall
endeavoured to
lut has not yet
ite the number
n, women, and
fore, stated in
esponding with
district, formed
llcsilrigc tor
liiidcd on caleii-
lial inhabitants,
.'d to be below
this district,
the number of
Ing four persons
Ihouses to each
of the Jungle-
Ind's time, and
In in tills esti-
Is district, made
Ithe number of
lig four persons
lages into three
]to contain 200,
■nen who liave
In, and the .55
lable to furnish
imber specified
kge of ditt'erent
tes to tlie com-
|)iler of the forrgoing general estimate, a few years
since, when he iielil tlie office of collector of Calcutta.
C'liiTTAtJONG. — The estimate of this district was
furnished by Mr. Hiid ; but he docs not ex))luin on
what grounds it was formed.
Dacca. — The same remark is ai)plicnblo to the es-
timate of this district, furnished by Mr. W. Dou'^Mas.
DiNAciKPORK. — Also to the estimate of this district,
furnished by Mr. Hatch.
Jkssohi;. — Ditto to the estimate of this district,
iurnisbcd by Mr. Ilinckell, wliich is, however, detailid
for each mebaul.
MiiiNApoiu:. — Ditto to the estimate of this district,
tiirnished by Mr. lUirrowes, and also detailed.
MooRsiiKnAiiAu. — Ditto to this estimate, furnished
by Mr. J. E. Harrington, also detailed.
Mymensino. — The dill'erent collectors of this dis-
trict having been unable to procure materials for any
computation, the number specified is stated conjec-
turally, on a general consideration of tlie relative
assessment and extent of this district.
NriMiKA. — The estimate of this district, furnished
by Mr. Redfearn, appears founded on a calculation of
the number of houses or families, and nn average al-
lowance of seven or eight persons to each house ; the
proportions varying in dili'irent mehauls.
Pkkcunnahs (iJ-4). — Mr. Champain, who gave the
estimate of this district, states it to be conjectural ;
he also observes, that tlie children included are under
16 years of age.
I'UMEA. — Mr. Heatley states the estimate of this
district to have been formed " on the average of an
actnnl investigation of three small villages, multiplied
by 5,800, the numlier of villages in the district,"
which, he adds, is a very low scale, and that " the
general opinion swells the amount to l,.')no,000 in-
habitar.ts." He also observes, that the girls arc con-
sidered adult at 11 or \2 years of age, and the boys
at 20.
Ramohur. — Mr. Leslie states this estimate to have
been the result of inquiries made by him ; but does
not explain the mode of inquiry.
Rangamatty. — This estimate, which includes
Bisny, Currubary, and Rangamatty only, was fur-
nished by Mr. H. Haillie, and is stated to be founded
on the reports of the oldest inhabitants of each village.
Rajshahy. — This estimate, which resjiects Zillah
Rajshahy as it stood in the year 1792, previous to
the lute new arrangement, is taken from a iicrgunuah
estimate furnished by the Zemindar, deducting a
fourth for an ajiparent over-rate, on comparison with
other districts.
RuNGPORE. — Mr. Macdowall, who furnished the
estimate of this district, docs not explain on what
grounds it is founded ; but it is detailed for eacli jjer-
gunnah.
Salt Districts. — The estimate of these districts
is taken from detailed estimates furnished by Messrs.
Hewett and Dent, but they do not explain the grounds
of their calculations.
SiiAiiAiiAD. — Mr. W. A. Brooke, who furnished the
estimate of this district, does not state the grounds
of it.
SiRKAR Sarun. — Mr. Montgomorie states his es-
timate of this district to be conjectural.
S11.11ET. — The estimate of this district, furnished
by Messrs. Willes and Smyth, is founded on a calcu-
lation of the number of bouses, and persons in each
house, the proportion dittering in different mehauls.
Tii'PEUAii. — This calculation, received from Mr.
Maequire, is stated by hiui to have been furnished by
the Zemindars of the difi'ertnt pergiuiuahs.
HINDOSTAN.— POI^ULATION, UENGAI.. 289
TiRiiooi.. — This estimate is stated in detail by Mr.
Batliurst, but without any specification of the grounds
on which it has been formed.
The credit due to the census of 1 !>*'.) may be judged
of from tliC foregoing comments ; I riither think that
the iiuniberof inhabitants is considerably understated.
The next census embraces nearly the same division
of districts. I obtained it in India from Dwarknriaiit
Tagore, a Hindoo of an enlarsed niinil, a most gene-
rous disposition, and a truly Hriti>li spirit. Dwarka-
naut 'I'agore was then at the head of the siilt and
opium departuunt at Calcutta, and hud pcrbujis the
best nuans of judging as to its correctness of any
man in India; he considered it as a fair estimate for
iHjOor 1M2J. The calculations are founded on the
number of villages and houses in each district ; but
WT have no census of any jiart of British India on
wliich reliance can be placed : in some places the
population is estimated on the rudest data. It is
essential to a knowledge of the condition of the people
and for the purposes of good government that acoin-
(ilete census should be made of every district.
Provinces, Districts, square Miles, Villages, Houses, anil
Population of the i)erniauciitl) settled Provinces of Ben-
gal, lleliar, and Orissa, in IH'j-.'.
Pro-
vince.
a
City
Suburbs of do.
•i» Pergnnnas
IIooKley..
Nuildea . .
Jessore . .
Cuttai-k .. ..
Midiiaiiore ..
ltnr<lwan.. ..
JunKlenieliauls
KaniglMir. . ..
Hehar
Tirlioot . .
Sarun
Sliahabad . .
Piitna .
Rhaupulpnre..
Purneali..
llinagi'iKire ..
Rungpoor
Rojeslialiye ..
Hcerhlioom . .
Moorslu'ilahad
Mvmcnsiug ..
fiylliet . . . .
rippcrali. .
Chittai;ong . .
liackcrguugc..
Dacca .. ..
Do. (Jclalpore;
Total.. ..
Scpiarc
Miles.
Villages
Houses.
/
53005
IKl.')
710
7-.il 72
:t(iin
2KH1
12n919
a-jtio
3987
VI)7130
lllO.I
404S
23 ir>22
.11 HO
fi-39
31579fi
9040
10.111
391)924
saiid
8.')3fi
3S'JH12
liOOO
().17'>
'250310
fippil
(Upa
21199 IS
a-M3o
123(14
47!)5()3
MM
1)312
2118121
7732
IO97I)
3.'i2970
57f)0
6II8
29-'815
4fi.';o
418.')
181 770
fifi7
109s
51111
7a7o
31)67
159558
7ifio
5268
29(1172
.i!»20
12240
4983fiU
7S.-)f)
4231
21)8070
;i!iriO
9170
HI 7431
.1H7»
5287
253113
IS70
2342
15253H
f)!W8
"904
290934
:).'):ia
5717
211)744
f),S30
7529
274152
aimo
llu.s
14II|()U
2;ho
21'>4
137328
1870
a.'iiitf
102777
ariH.i
2."i43
1 1 7675
153792
I542G8
7781240
Popula-
tion.
300000
3(i(i3()0
1)39295
15403.50
13(11275
1750106
19811)20
lilMOfiO
14S72()3
1394740
23251)32
13IOt)l(l
19t)H720
1494170
9(18851)
265705
797790
1560284
2625720
1310350
408715.5
1267665
762690
1454670
IOS372O
1372260
790806
686640
512385
583375
39957561
Statistics of Calcutta. — ^The follovting are the results
of a census of Calcutta taken by Captain Mrch, Su-
perintendant of Police, down to January 1st, 18:)7.
Males and Females. English .3,1 ;<;? ; luirasians (these
born of European and native iiarents) 4,7-1'); Por-
tuguese 3,181; French UiO; Chinamen .'502; Ar-
menians (")3(i ; Jews :!07 ; W. Mahomedans 1.3,677;
B. Mahomedans 4.=i,0C,7 ; W. Hindoos 17,3.33 ; B. Hin-
doos 120,318; Moguls .'■)27 ; Parsees40; Arabs 3. SI ;
Mugs ri83 ; Mudrasses r).5 ; N. Christians 49; Low
Castes 19,084. Total Population, Males 144,911;
Females 84,803; tot.ii 229,714.
Puckah Houses 14,023 ; Tiled Huts 20.304 ; Straw
ditto 30, .''07. Total Houses 0."),49.); Police Force l,3'i8.
p p
•290
lllNDOSTAN.— POPULATION.
il i
In the ycnr ISOO, ncrordiii:; to tlic report of tlic
Police Coinmittpp I'lirnislicd to Lord Morninntoii, the
population was ,')()(), ()()(). In IHIJ, nccordinj; to the
caleuliitionof Chict'JusticcSir Hyde I'^ast, it amounted
to 700,000.
Roth of which calculations must have been erro-
neous, unless they include the suburbs of Cossipore
and Garden Reach ; which we believe they did.
In lH21,tive assessors were appointed, by whose
calculation the population of Calcutta amounted to as
follows : —
Upper North Division, Christians, ."i ; Mahomedans,
C>,(t02 ; Hindoos, <U,r>H-2. Lower North ditto. Chris-
tians, .5, H Id ; Mahomedans, I(i,H(').5 ; Hindoos, 2.''>,.'>70;
Ciiinrse, 244. Upper South ditto. Christians, l,47''i ;
Mahomedans, 7,. 'ilO; Hindoos, IH, !.').'{ ; Chinese, 170.
Lower South ditto, Christians, 'J, 84 1 ; Mahomedans,
17, IH.''); Hindoos, I), h;)H. Total population, 17'.), '.H 7.
Hut the Magistrates in their report, calculated as
follows : —
Upper-roomed Houses, .'i,4H0 multiplied by IC =
gfi.SKO; Lower ditto ditto H,Hno multiplied by H —
70,400 ; Tiled Huts \r>,TJ2 divided by 4 and multi-
plied by .'■)i = 21,714 ; Straw ditto ;i.''),4tl7 divided by
4 and multiplied by .lA = .'il,. ''..'> 8. Total 2:?0..'-).''>2.
But making certain allowances, their definite calcu-
lation was : —
Kesident Inhabitants ....
Influx daily . . . : .
In IH31, Captain Steel made it .
Captain Birch's calrulation is
And the (\n[\\ iullux al)out
The above calculations do not include Kidderpore,
Garden Reach, Scel)j)ore, Howrah, Sulkea, Cossipore,
or the other side of " the Pitch."
Register of Births, Marriages, and Deaths, of the
Armenian Population of Calcutta, comprehending a
period of 2.') years, reckoning from A. 1). 1811 to
IHSa, inclusive.
2o.'.,r,oo
100,000
187,081
22l»,714
L"iO,000
Years.
Births.
Marriages.
Deaths.
1811
10
7
12
1812
8
2
12
1813
8
4
14
I8I4
13
5
21
1815
9
4
21
1816
11
7
15
1817
13
2
10
I81£
11
3
20
1819
5
1
23
1820
11
5
17
1821
IG
4
If)
1822
12
6
16
1823
8
2
10
1824
7
6
21
1825
1.)
5
12
1826
8
3
19
1827
18
5
15
1828
12
4
15
1829
18
2
12
1830
9
4
14
1831
19
3
17
1832
13
2
17
1833
13
3
23
1834
9
7
16
1835
10
4
7
Total
280
99
395
Duration of individual life, reekotiing from the yrni
1827 to I8:<5, inclusive. In 1^27 the I'l deaths were
at the ages of 28, 60, 41, 1,2, 17, l.'i, I, 1, 37, fin,
60, 1, 40, 62. In 1828, 15 deaths at the ages of 21,
■.\\, 76, 1, 19, 64, 1,1, 5, 37, 50, 1, 25, 15, 35. In
1829, 12 deaths at the ages of 2 I, .'SO, 10, ts, 16, :,r,,
30, 22, I, 30, 7.5, I. In 1830, 14 deaths at the ages
of 50, 40, 70, 1,2, 20, 15, 9, 42, 40, 35, 1, 67, 7. In
1831, 17 deaths at the ages of 60, 1,31,50,85,1,7,
1,1, Oi, 32, 55, Oj, 4, 47,42,50. In 1832, 17 deaths
at the ages of 30, 1, 22, 1, I, 45, 2, 1, 27, 1, ;!6, 73,
I, 50, 50, .54, 55. In 1833, 23 deaths at the ages m
7, 1, 1, 60, 40, 53, 55, 87, 45, 30, 85, 14, 38, 25, 4(i,
30, 20, 40, 20, 56, 0\, 65, 30. In 1834, 16 deaths nt
the ages of 35, 75, OK 47, 50, 56, 26, 62, 5,., :t;>, :;k,
16,6, 58, O'f, 74. In 1835, 7 deaths at the ages of
23, 87, 20, 61, 62,41, 16.
Of the Armenian ])opulation there have been seve-
ral accurate statements which are interesting in a stii.
tistical point of view. In 1814 the Armenian's in
Calcutta were: — Males, 269; l''emale8, 195; tutMl,
464. In 1815, M. 272; 1''. 208; total, 480. In ImIk;,
an accurate census by .lohannes Avdall Ksij., (a miich
respected Armenian) gave M. 290; F. 215; total,
505. The Adidts of all ages are 313. The No. oi
houses in which the 505 Armenians reside are Kil,
which exactly apportion 5 individuals to each.
The stationary condition of the popidation is owiri'j,
it is nlli'ged, to the few marriages that take place
The duration of life is short.
The proportion of Musselmans to the Hindoos in
Lower Bengal in the principal Mahomedan city nnij
district is thus shewn : —
Population of tlio City and District* of Moorshcrtn-
had for 18'J!).
Nunibor of i
Number of
Houses, j
Inhabitants.
o
!3
>
is
3
Hindoo.
Total.
i
e
3
(A
1
Hindoo.
3
City....
11281
1
2,583/ 40118
5001)0
goosfi
146176
District
70153
97fi58,lfi8Ill
1
356726 •<6522J 821950
Total. .
8»-34
1
I234!).'5 208229
JI28I6
.'>.55310 968126
* Proportion of sexes in the City. Mussulmans, Males
28,442; Females, 27,6(8 ; Hindoos, Males, 4,1:18; Females,
4,'>,648. Ditto in District. Mussulmans, Males, lS8,0.ili;
Kenialee, 1 68,61)6 j Hindoos, Males. 241,710) Fcniidcs,
223,514. Ratio of inhabitants per house 4,73.
Nnrlh JFesfcrn I'rnrinces. — In the return of tlii>
population of India by districts, as laid bel'oie Parlia-
ment in 1831, there are no data for ascertaining the
inhabitants of each district in the Upper or Western
Provinces, under the Bengal Presidency : Mr. Ewing,
in his Police Report in 1826, gives a rough calculatiim
of 32,206,806 for the Benares and Bareilly Provinces,
the area of which (excluding Delhi, which is not
given,) is 66,510 square miles, {lite retider will _tind
the urea of each province in the table at ixine ,)
but besides this area, thcie are 29,800 square
miles of ceded districts on the Nerbudda, ami 5;"),90(l
sijuare miles of districts ceded by the Rajah of Berar
HINDOSTAN.— I'Ol'UI.ATION.
from tln> yrni
1.1 ili'atlis wcK
1, 1, 37, r,(),
lie n^es of 'J I,
,-), 1.1, 3,1. In
10, IS, IC, .If,,
rlis nt the n<^vi
., 1, r.7, 7. In
1, 50, 81, 1, 7,
IH'M, 17 (Icatlis
, 27, 1, :!•', 73,
at the f>(;cs oi
I 1, 38, 2.1, Ki,
!l, \f< (U-ntliH al
()2, .1", 39, 2H,
i at the n;^i's (il
2!»1
the Hindoos in
meilaii city nml
of Moorslieiln
9on8(ijiit)i;f)
■16.1224, H-210J0
in I82f>, milking n total of 81,700 V|uari- miles, of tin-
popnlntioii of which fhrru arc no ri'tnrim. Kroni
Assam I have just rcccivi'd the foihtwirifr data : terri-
t(iry, mo miles Ions;, ntnl (11 broad at the broadest
|iart ; population, H30,000 ; revenue, S. R. 3,50,000.
I give the accompnnylni? return recently recei\i j
from India, as a simple form, which the Court nf Di-
rectors ou^lit to reipiirc from every t'ollectorate in
linlia; where more detail were practicable it might be
adopted, —
Population of the City and District of Allahabad in 1831-32.
3
O
Mussulmans.
Hindoos.
City.
c
a
B
o
Children.
-a
g
S
e
S
Children.
*•*
t2
1
■73
P.
S
"a
i
73
i
T3
City .. ..
Suburbs . .
9219
4747
lOf.l
1338
f>ll8
1446
2211
CM
2518
C37
ir.5M8
4081
9850
5355
9021
5388
40GI 4903
2187 2003
28435
11133
4.1023
19014
Total ..
I39r.f)
C999
7r.04
2911
3155
20(109
15205
15009
0248
7500
43908
04037
District of Allahabad, exclusive of the city, houses,
li:'.,737 ; Mussulmans, Males, 90,131 ; Females,
TO.CJH; total, 101,209. Hindoos, Males, 211,789;
I'lMnales, 302,417; total, 554,206; grand total,
Ttili,0l2.
Madras Presidennj . — ^The population of the Madras
presidency, is thus given in some returns furnished
me from the India House : it is acknowledged that
the census of some of the districts, was not correctly
ascertained when the lirst returns were made, owing
to tlic unwillingness of tlie zemindars to atford any
information to government : —
Population and Area* of the Provinces under the Madras Government.
Districts.
J-" lyj .
tent
to W.
les.
Fuslv, 1240. A.D.
18;i0-31.
■3 in
lii O OJ
«-i ii :=
Area in
s(juare
miles.
Total of
Total of
^^E
««^
A. D. 1822.
A. D. 1827.
Males.
Females.
Total.
120
30
3700
332013
40S047
222891
211283
43H174
110
50
5000
772570
1008544
141074
101740
1047414
100
80
4090
738308
000900
307292
327724
091016
100
68
4800
5298 19
519121
291 1H2
249490
541072
, .
, ,
411714
4707H7
271792
240120
518318
140
/o
7478
439407
730008
448170
39H390
84G572
280
204
12703
927817
941012
590831
13Kl)08
1128839
202
100
12752
1094100
1000917
558300
104804
1003104
120
130
8002
303121
289828
171099
100122
331821
892292
730410
397851
375113
772908
100
90
8100
451020
549795
288277
201111
553388
134
80
7193
1075985
911480
424048
39)^019
822107
108
70
3872
9013,13
10015.:o
178112
510018
1128730
90
48
3109
481291
470720
274151
202140
530G97
190
54
100
49
0932
1724
001293"!
180903/
1122979
578379
557032
113.1411
135
80
5590
504957
700740
430142
420749
850891
102
80
8392
038199
814010
425170
429004
8148,34
230
40
7477
017194
005052
307091
339880
707571
118
05
4900
907175
100300
501172
512325
1113497
••
••
••
402051
(No retu
rns since
1822.)
700000
2559
1162P
97804
14000918
14287272
7790834
7293250
15090084
Oanjiimt
Viznj;apatam
Itiijahinundry
Masiilipatam
Guntoor
Ndlore
licllary
Ciiddaiiah .
Cliiiigleput .
'. Division .
S. ditto
Salem .
Tanjore
Trichinopoly
Madura, SccJ
Shevagunga
Tinnevelly .
Coimha ore .
Caiiara
Malabar
Madras City
Total
* I give the area and population from separate manuscripts at the India House, which do not agree in
tlie names of the districts.
t Gangam is exclusive of the Zemindaries, Jaradah, Vizianagaram, and Daracote, in which no ceiibus
appears to have been taken in that year, thus accounting for the apparent decrease.
+ This includes Ramnad, 2500 ; and Dindigul, 2024 square miles.
il
I
•^s
' )
i ' n
" i ' 4
^ »i * "i^
1 t V 'u-1
P *^m
r i-^M
' \^r:^
■ !
,1
I'm' I
<
1" : I
-T
393
fri NDOSTA N.— POFl' L \'riON
PopiilKtion of Ui'jhi, Octobir, l«3fi.
Malci.
rumalcs.
Total.
Mussulman Adults .
Mussulman Children
21ftr.5
1009H
23314
8M90
45179
IH'JHH
Total.. ..
31963
32204
C4lC,7
Ilindno Adults . .
Hindoo Children . .
21339
98fiG
21311
7989
4Hri50
17M55
Total.. ..
34205
32300
fiC505
Grand Total . .
CfilCH
C4r.04
130r,72
The grand total is l,fi3(),CC2 in 28,00C houses; less
than live to a house.
Neither the imlace or the suburbs of the city arc
included in the foregoing : their po|)uliition is about
TiO.OOO of both sexes.
The census of the Doinbny I'resideney is le^is to Ik:
depended on than that of Mmlrns; coinbinlni; Colonel
Sykei'e information \\ith the scanty intelllKenee Inid
before Prrliamenf, I make ui> the following return,
at the nearest approximation to truth which is ut
present attainable.
A ccntus of the city of .\){ra, taken in IhJ'j, by
Mr. Macsween, the maRlstrate of A(;rn, Kiven iho
following results: — House -, 21,011; shops (some
atfaelicd to the houses and some distinct), 5,51:1;
teinplis and ustuls, 153; ui'isjeeds, 107; churches,
2 ; other public buildings, .'35 ; male iiiliahitants,
52,211. This census does not ineludi' the suddiir
ba/ar, the fort, arid bullock establishment. A new
census of the winde district is preparint;. The ./:'/'/
I'kliiir of October 31, 1^<3.', gives tlie followin<„' as the
number of houses and inliabitants of Agra : — llou>cs,
2'.»,7HH, viz. pukha, 25,53(1 ; and kutclm, 4,252 : iuliii.
bitants, 9'"', 597, viz. Hnidoos, (i5,{)|H ; men, 25,(ih.'i ;
women, 2'J,933 ; Moosulmans, 31,579; men, l(i,059;
women, 15,520.
Divi-
sion.
c
c
Q
Collectoratcs.
Square
miles.
Bombay isle .
Poonah . .
Ahmcdnuggur
Khandcisb
Dharwar . .
S. Jaghecrdars
Sattara ditto
Concan, S. .
Concan, N. .
Surat, &c.
Broach . .
.Mimedabad .
Kaira . . .
Total
18
8281
9910
12.527
9122
297H
fiir,9
6770
5500
1449
1351
4072
1827
C8074
Villages.
Houses.
1897
2465
2738
2491
917
1703
2340
655
400
728
579
20786
I14HH7
136273
120822
187222
108156
55.549
17.5926
127231
1C912 1096852
Popula-
tion.
230000
5583 13
666376
478457
838757
778183
736284
656857
387264
45 4431
239527
528073
484735
Remarks.
6940277
In the Dcccan, which includes an
area of 48,yM7 scpiare miles, and a
population of 3,2H5,y85, the avcraLjt'
number of mouths to the s(|Uare
mile is 6,7'I8, and the pn)portii,ii of
males to lemales about 100 to Hfi ;
the Mussulmans form only frmn 6 to
8 per cent, of the whole population ;
the Mahrattas from 60 to 70 per
cent,, the Hrahmins from 5 to 10
per cent., Itajpoots from 3 to (', pur
cent., and outcasts, &c. from 9 to 10
per cent.
Census of the Popalatlon of the Islands of Bomliay and Colabah, taken in the months of August, September,
October, and November, IS'Jfi,
"S .
li
situation.
1
it}
a
1
a
■c
o
i
OS
i
•i
1
1
•0
■3
Chinese.
Total.
1210
I-ort
432
■MO
6303
"0
39
1232
5029
142
5
13(111
820
Cdlabah .
175
412
121
303
1358
204
2576
S4.17
DuiiRRrec
41}
1294
1764
1200
12888
2U0,')4
513
47359
4311
Byciillali
51
114
983
9226
19076
1633
,
3I1IH3
6.11
Malabar Hill, &c. .
59
44
119
, ,
51
2180
27
.0
2li)2
ausg
Gurgaum
61
1448
1074
519
9898
7
33
131140
694
Mazai^on
82
810
304
302
ito.'iO
142
4fi!)6
13U9
Maliim East .
24
1219
41
,,
258
4773
99
fi41-
3595
MahimWest .
Total .
8
2320
26
1141
75fi8
236
1121)9
soigs
I32.i70
Grand Total .
lOflllO
2Dl)0n
938
8020
10738
1270
39
25920
82592
3005
48
IC2370
The followinn
were foundr
statistical view
habii
1 (lava
2 Nnwiiil.i
3 slicyklipn
' 1
Gnrukhpoc
2'MniiKurgui
3 I'arraona
4 Kc^iPva .
■1 llelawa
ti Solenipoor
7 llliiiKulDOO
N Hiiriihalbu
(iajpoor .
10 lilicwopar
1 1 Diianla .
u
u (ii>|ialpoor
i
1:1 .Saniclinra
1 1 Maidiiiya(
^i
l.'i Kliamurly
k
Hi VazirK'iinj
c
17 N'ttwahjfiii
IK Manikapot
ly LalKUiij .
211 Dumariya
21 nasti
22 Miu'ahar
23 Uakhira .
24 ISani;si .
25 Dhuliyacb
'.'li l.dtan
27 Pali
[28
Niclilaul
T(
District of
Dinajcp
Tt
fill ill
.1
7 is lt"jii to lif
)inini; Colonel
tt'lliKiMict! Iniil
owiii)? iit\irii,
It which is ut
■11 ill IMJ'.), by
;rii, K'ivos the
Nhops (^orne
tinrt), ,'.,r)i:t;
07 ; rhiirc his,
U' iiihiiliitiuits,
W thi' siidihir
ini'iit. A new
ii». '\'hv A'lni
iliowinu' IIS the
|j;ia: — IIoiimh,
1, -lili'i^ : iiihn-
niiii, •J."i,(im:i ;
men, lO.d.'iO-,
1 includes an
miles, mid n
■>, the avciaLjt'
) the s(,iinrL'
|iro|mrtii,ii of
t 100 to Hfi;
iiily from fi to
L' lM)|)olutioll ;
to 70 per
111 5 to 10
m 3 to () per
from y to 10
icptcmber,
Total.
-
mill
ys;fi
:ilon;l
'2I!I2
i.wtn
4fii)()
fill-
11299
132S70
10000
20000
102570
IIINDOSTAN.— I'OI'I'I.ATION.
!93
The followiiiK cstimntrs are derived from Dr. Iliichanaii'ii OlllcinI Siirvry ; the data on which thrne estimates
were founded, in IhO'.I to iHld, are Kiven in Vols. I. II. and III. iif " Kn.itfni IndUi," piihli'thed in Ih.IH.
ntutUtlcal view (if the UlHtrlrtit nf llrliitr, il'atna Cityj, Sha-
bubad, Uurukhpour, and l)luii]upuur.
flivUInn or
Tliaiiidi.
Population.
H\
2 .
A.
I Patiia elty
■jll'lintiihn
;i|Noiil)iit|iiir
llnkipiir. \
I Jaywnr J
A Shcrpiir
Total
flava .
Mnwiid.i
>ilirvltli|inruh
Durlynpiir .
linr
llehar .
Hultii .
Iloliisirunj .
Jnlinimlmd ,
Dnudimi;ar .
Arwal .
Vikram
Total .
1
*
J
3u itUAOii |)7.inii
\\y rnvisl am;.!
inii i)Mm\\ iii'iflii
8H S'iiiio! ao;7»
II i.ti'iii' 1,'Mon
A»:\, loui^.'i IDU7M
(KIh'
•ill) I
iHril
:iir
:i57
:iiii
27ti
:i27
2(il
22H
:u 702.1
:u(i:i2.')
Kl.MHl!
7271 ;•'
1271:17.
IlKifl.lii
11,^27.1'
lLl212.'i
1011:17.')
H4I.MI'
I lllllill
lfll)l2.1
•2:117.1
l(iH77.'i
l.ioii!)
•212:17
7lii(i:l
(i.-Lliill
4H12.1
7y-!—
(i022.'.
2NII.10
2.1 l«ll
:i 1 211110
I i)((7»ii
M'I200
Mil 1 711
:iii20n
19.1.1 1 2li;i0ai)l 724I5U
1 A rah
2 Uiloti .
:l|l)iiniru<Mig
I Ekwarl .
.'I'KiiraiipJa
li lliraonif
7 .slmhiisrara
H TilDtlm
jil.Mohanlya
lii||{amgar
Jl Saiigyot
Total .
f llonriikhpoor
2|MniiNurgUDj
:i;l'arra(>iia
4 Kcseva .
.1 lU-lawa [hanll
(iSeletniioor Maj.
7 liliiiBiilpoor .
H lliirithalt,uii3 .
!) (iajpoor .
10 lilicwopar
11 Uiiiiiila .
\i (iopalpoor
1:1 Saniclinra
II Mnulmyndabar
l.'i Klianiuriya
Hi Vazirtfunj
17 S'awal)gunj .
IK Maiiikapoor .
Ul Lali^iiiij .
20 Dimuuiyagunj
21 nastl
22 Miu'aliar
2:1 Uakldra .
21 lianitsi .
2.'i llliiiliyachandar
2ii I.otan
2; Fall
.28 Niclilaul
:ii;ii
2il7'
4:i(»j
HHII
:ti(2
a.Ki
:t7!»
:)tio
:ii7
1112
282
IIIH7
170.100
12ln.')(l;
1.-.HII70
i;i7fl7«l
Ii)i7:iii|
IIIHHO
lljIliKI
JHliOII
N 11)20
l:iH.i!Mii
H2I40'
21H(iO
1:11,10
Ho:ir.
117:;'
,1.170
2lilo
ill no
li:ilio
111 10
4lil0
.IB 10
0<IU2;o
4.1IH00
;i70H0«
4:1.11011
12111.10
IHiO.lo
20:i{loo
2112200
101700
'211 100
Idoiioo
1 1 2200
1:1.11.1.10
27s.11.10
soiafio
1:11.1110
1117000
140400
124:100
1 1 1 too
12H2:lll
Millio
!i:i7;lo
1 1:1200
hh:i.io
1321180 98:110
Total
4
812
.14fi
1291
11:1!
'20fi
1()M
I2H
;i:«)|
81,
104
1127
:i7i!
212
22.1
210
1
110
();ii
a2ti
208
:i6o
46
687
1.10
2.13
.1.12
622
74-23
District of I
Dinajcpoor.
Total i.1374
I
41471
23.172
1829(11
7H.IO;
.1203;
12H()9
15 19.1
101)90
1135H
7252
3765
9142
165S6
95:13
19539
698:t
.166
7688
4974
126.19
6113
9731
1948
17970
2
6537
213
5851
K3
iNoiin
3500
lAUO
•ilOO
600
•illOUO
20000
13000
6750
'2600
2000
4120
8000
4000
5220
6750
4:100
3100
79H40
5000
:i5oii
40110
30110
•2500
:iooo
4000
151111
2700
15ilO
2500
I'tatlitlcal view of the ni4trli't<i nl llhaxulpoor, Piiranlya,
and lUinKKopour.
256524
Ouoono
1974
307
2067
347
43H
629
202
118
510
98
78
321
5fl6
69:1
656
285
49:1
138
:i05
32fi2
1172
3329
195
195
1
92
1
381
.(IvImIoii, nr
rhaniih.
f I
2
:i
I
5
6
Kotwall .
KntnaironJ
Kodwar .
I.okinanpoor .
(iourl
KanirwafKunJ
MnniCifer
■^iiryaiinrha .
Mnliepoor
I'lirapoor
Daiitcka .
KayczDllahgiinj
I'ainKtl .
Ka)iiiahal
I'hiitklpnnr .
■''iirrokhahad .
I'ratapKiinJ .
AiiriiiiKKahad
Kallknpoor ,
I.aknrdewniil
N. Mountaineers
S. Moiintalneors
20575
1119520
6121
2:1879
20366
8206
5li41
13498
l.V)97
lOHOH
1 1 s6k
73.'.')
3813
9463
17182
10226
20195
7268
1 050
7826
5279
15901
7285
13060
2143
18165
3
6620
214
623
277000
2ioooooUoooono
33200
3550
:iiioo
1260
1000
1360
1780
a
a.
Total
1 llavell
2 Danurkh 110
:i liniiilvvara .
|l|)liainihiha
5 l)iiniv:i
ll!Mali>ari
7L\niiiya
8 llahailoruiioj
Pl'dhiall
liiiKrisiinaiiiinj
li;i)iilal2iiiij .
12 Vi'liiiavar .
13 kiriiwa
lllllioluhat .
1.5 Sll>uilllj
lii Kallvaehak
66di
822
17
LIS
1460
1520
6ho
500
2000
3000
2000
2500
2375
u
1200
a
480
s i
21)00
t(
1'220
2500
a
2(i0
2260
600
285
2710
42100
130000
(loiu'iirlhah
Maiiiharl .
Total
Kotwall
Diiap
IMioronvari
V'ariiiii •
I'atsaiiK
rakiri;iin.i .
7 Soiinyasikala
8 h.ida .
!• Diinla
JO liiiiwaiil
11 Kinnari:iin.i
12 Mollonugo
13 Vaadwar
14 I'irciiiij
15 Sadiillahpiir
10 rii)vliiih)^oiij
17 Dunaiiifiiiij
18 niinwaiiniiiiij
II) Cliihnari .
•20 Clipor
21 Dmovari
'22 Vakeswori .
23 l)h"hrl
130
400
611
382
311:1
30)
581
370
39.5
271
.LtO
162
192
Kill
170
:182
336
1
l'o|)iiUtloii
.
\
.5
8
i
.9
CB
1
3
«2
:i7fi5
(1187%
90000
30 •
312
ft'2900
158700
211600
H:i<.it
167
20200
4 1:100
6(500
I8.1U
481
30600
87100
1 •26700
4'2««
78N
28200
122:100
150500
MOD
02
5600
16:1011
22500
(Ion
113
11400
31900
15:100
1350
lll.l
r237.1
272'J5
:I96<10
1P20
697
07.10
1 16250
1 560110
3.150
613
1 1000
l:il!loii
171HOO
1500
007
51000
172000
226000
7600
256
12700
76.1110
89000
2700
56
2100
6200
8:100
28»
267
51050
54050
108100
3600
32
3200
lOimil
13200
400
72
5900
17700
2:i6fl(i
H50
122
2:1000
38500
61500
2r20
1'2II
16700
28000
44700
1400
310
•26000
26000
52000
2000
010
300
2:19700
240000
H800
020
..
:moiio
38000
20000 201)00,
4UOOOO
87000
•Miooo
311000
11.1000
3li000i
tlOOO
7IUII0
98000
11901)0
151000
9I0IMI
111)000
.3(1000
411000
78000
43000
42000
32000
15.19000 '2019900 6247s
6340 1243000
L2l,K
iaiiiali
Tiilal
01
311
180
172
8'J
181
197
3112
195,
228 1
I4H
153
Via
152'
163
327
100
355
19S^
2H7
218:
250
11.15
1780
(17000
1 1 5000
118000
■ {I.5II00
10(1000
12,1000
71000
lOIOOO
77500
02000
.TlOflO
60000
60000
76880
47000
55000
70000
08000
1.14000
181000
I57000|
•260000
I 12000
lllliOOO
I 12000
•2(i^20OI)
170500
aviooo
IlliOOO
185000
00000
1 '22880
1 '25000
118000 1
112000
130000
H500
loooo
8000
13000
0000
7500
OHIO
10.500
5300
7500
.5800
8000
.1000
8000
5000
4100
5000
5200
l(iOI380 '2004380 l-2!)3l)0
31000
187000
43000
35000
17000
410110
1'2000
100(100
•20000
loooiio
52000
01000
54000
51)000
92000
134000
27000
08000
47000
105000
sooon
88000
30OOI)
11(100
740O||5;l(i00O
IflflOO
8.51100
tiooo
5701)0
•2H000
31850
41000
131000
115000
3(iOilO
32000
•21000
18000
ISOIIO
53000
80000
loooo
511000
28000
04000
8 1000
5^2000
.52000
78500
.50000
272000
HdOOII
112000
45000
73000
8.1000
'231000
04000
142000
8 1000
H20II0
72000
74000
147000
211000
43000
1,57000
75000
100000
134000
140000
83000
93000
3200
101)110
3000
4000
1'200
3000
4000
loiioo
2500
0000
3000
4000
3000
4000
0000
12000
2000
0500
3000
0000
7000
,5000
sooo
4000
1101330 2735000 1'20400
!\\
294
HINDOSTAN.— RELIGION.
It is difficult to say how near any of the foregoing;
returns, except those for Madras, approximate towards
correctness ; the estimated population of 422,990
square miles here given is 89,577,206, leaving 91,200
square milts of British territory, of the poinilatioii of
which no account can be traced ; but if we allow the
low rate of 90 mouths to the square mile, it will
make the population of the British territories about
100,000,000. Now to this vast number we arc to
add the inhabitants of the protected and allied states;
the area of which is greater than that of the British
territory by 100,000 square miles; and allowing an
equal amount of population to the British territories,
it will give a grand total of 200,000,000 inhabitants,
directly and indirectly undiv the sway of Great Bri-
tain, and subject to the government of the Honour-
able East India Company ! The number of whites,
or Europeans, docs not, including all the military,
amount to 100,000.
The following estimate has been made of the pojiu-
lation of the allied and independent states: — Hy-
drabad, 10,000,000; Oude, fi.OOO.OOO ; Nagiioo'r,
3,000,000 ; Mysore, .I.OOO.OOO ; Sattara, 1 ,500,000 ;
Gnickwar, 2,000,000 ; Travancore and Cod '
1,000,000 ; Iliijpootana and various minor print. -
palities, 1G,500,000; Scindia's territories, 4,000,000 ;
the Seiks, :^,000,000 ; Nepaul, 2,000,000 ; Cashmere,
&c., 1,000,000; Sinde, 1,000,000; total, 51,000,000.
'•"ills, of course, is but a rough estimate by Hamilton.
VII. The government of British India possesses a
feature which has rarely or never been found in any
nation or in any age, I allude to its tolcratUm of every
mode or form of religion in which different sects niny
choose to adore the Creator ; to its prvtirtion again- 1
hostility, forcible opposition or oppression by <in(
rival sect against another, and to its auxiliarti pecu-
niary (/('(/ when solicited by any congregation or com.
munity. An account of the Hindoo, Mahomcdiiri,
and I'arsee forma of religion, and of the different sects
of Christians, will be found in my "Colonial Libraitj"
j and " Histiiry of the Colonics."
I We may now proceed to observe how far the estn-
blished church extends, ))remising that every aid has
I been afforded by the E. I. Company's Government
: which could promote the cause of true religion ami
its concomitants — charity, peace, and happiness. The
' following detail shews, first, the state of the Estab-
lished Church in Bengal, according to the latest return
in 18;U), and the expenses incurred there, from tin
j date of Calcutta being made a Bishop's See in 181-1
'to 1831.
Stations.
2 Chai)lains :
Cathedral . .
Old Church . .
St. James's . .
Fort Church . .
I Archd(>acon :
Duni Dum . . .
Barrack pore . . .
Chinsurah ....
licrhampore . . .
I Chaplain :
Dacca
Chittagong . . .
Jelalpore ....
Mymeiising . . .
Tipperah and Barrisal
I Chaplain :
15enares or Sccrole .
Chunar
Mirzapore ....
Jauiiporc ....
I Chaplain :
Fatna
Muzzuferporc . .
Gyah
Dinapore ....
Allahabad ....
3
u
U
Congregations.
Civil. I Military.
I
(•,50
400
2fi0
84
12
144
20
12
8
8
15.
100
250
30
40
50
24
12
uncertain
20
210
700
100
310
i uncertain
35
320
80
The returns of the congregations attending the
churches at Neemuch, Bogleporc, Cuttack, Euttyghur,
Stations.
1 Chai)lain :
Ghazeepore .
Buxar . . .
Saugor . . .
1 Chaplain :
Agra . . .
Muttra . . .
Allyghur . .
Etawah . .
1 Chaplain :
Bareilly . .
Almorah . .
Havilbaugh
Moradabad
Shajehanpore .
1 Chaplain :
Delhi . . .
Uajapore . .
Meerut . . .
Nusscerabad .
Cawnpore .
1 Chaplain :
Kurnaul . .
Loodianah . .
Hanse . . .
Mhow . . .
Cuttack . .
Congregations.
Civil.
Military.
1
uncertain
1.5
40
22
108
377
380
76
116
750
100
60
20
60
35
15
30
30
34
38
1530
60
1667
160
50
30
210
Saugor, Howrah, and the chapel at the Euiopiaii
Barracks are not given.
I'jcngal Government Exprnditure for the Establislicd
Protestant Chtirch.
1 1 1 XDOST AN .—RELIGIOUS EST/XnilSIl MENTS.
BOMBAY,
295
Name or Station of Church, &c.
Rupees.
2,34."}
G.OOO
1,15,149
r.3,00.'')
12,038
r
f)0,409
11,601
14,824
58,444
28,793
54,097
24,255
4,585
502
99
3,430
2,181
1,200
25,478
Rs.
f)0
148
273
50
218
114
107
10
40
01
Presidency :
St. John's (Cathedral :
Old (Mission) Church
St. Peter's Church
St. James's Ciiurch
Room in General Hospital
European Barrack's, Fort William
Churches at Out Stations :
Cawnpore
Benares
Dacca
Dum Dum
Agra
Mcerut
Nomiiiah ,
Howrah
Mhow
Nngpore
Futtyghur
ikinlwan
Gorriickpore
Ghazeepore
Dinapore
Sawgor
Allahabad
Cuttack
Chunar
I'lcrhamporc
Nusseerabad
Ditto, New Church
Chinsurah
Kurnaul
Neemuch
Moradahad
Bog'cpore
Hanse
Muttra
AUyghur
Total
The following recent official documents, 1 and 2,
further illustrate the state of the Establislicd Church
Kt Bi.mbay.
No. 1 . Statement of Ecclesiastical Charges. — In the
year 1824-25, 2,88,981r8. ; 1825-20, 2,19,280rs. ;
lH2r).27, 2,17,2G7rs.; 1827-28, 2,25,955rs. ; 1828-29,
2,l4,581rs.; 1829 30, 2,20,210rs. ; 1830-31,2,01,741
rs.; 1831-32, l,7:.,757rs. ; 1832-33, l,77,937rs. ;
1H33-.34, l,84,803rs.; 1834-35, l,90,053rs.; 1835-30,
l,90,380rs.
No. 2. Statement of Annual Charges in the Eccle-
sisiistical Dcpaitment under the Heads of Salaries
and Establishments from 1815 to 1837.
31,414
1,910
02
5,444
14
343
, ,
120
1,400
—
5,153
—
4,054| —
1,354
132
302
—
1,088
—
200
—
21
—
78
—
16
—
5,73,176
1,829
Year. Salaries.
Establishments.
Total.
Rupees.
181.') 1 43,937
1810 I 08,577
1817 84,777
18i8 1 88,905
1819 ] 90,065
1820 ' 1,01,807
1821 I 1,12,8:10
1822 ' 1,08,103
1823 I 92,011
1824 I 1,23,433
1825 1,48,479
1820 j 1,39,853
1827 I 1,01,571
1828 1
1829 I
1830 :
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
18.^0
1837
The following is the total expense incurred for the
Bengal Established Church since 1815. By a recent
regulation, the gnverninciit have announced their
intention of appointing two assistant chaplains for
every vacant chaplaincy that occurs.
Rupees. '
Rupees.
1,203
48,201
4,203
72,840
4,011
89,388
4,755
93,720
5,979
1,02,045
0,003
1,08,471
8,007
1,21,498
14,727
1,22,831
20,757
1,13,309
17.781
1,41,215
30,152
1,78,032
30,009
1,75,923
51,352
2,02,923
. ,
2,10,194
2,39,870
, ,
2,14,581
2,20,210
, ,
2,01,741
, ,
1.75,757
, ,
1,77,937
. ,
1,84,803
, ,
1,90,053
1,90,386
BENGAL.
is
181.'-,
1810
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1820
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1 833
1834
1835
1830
1837
Per Month.
Per Annum.
• T3
C C
'w
Rupees.
11,020
20,339
22,178
22,838
22,729
22,403
21,378
22,440
19,903
24,971
20,902
29,075
30,999
bota
a a
o -^
Rupees.
248
550
388
459
922
857
1,721
1.117
1,205
3,152
1.798
1.395
2.379
. -a
3 S
Rupees.
11,874
20,895
22,500
23,297
23,051
23,320
23,099
23,503
21,108
28,123
28,700
31,070
33,378
Total
Expenditure.
Rupees.
1,42,498
2,50,742
2,70,795
2,79,560
2,83,823
2,79,844
2,77,197
2,82,758
2,54,027
3,37,486
3.45,127
3,72,845
4,00,545
4,24,737
4,37.113
4,41,010
4,33,413
4,38,47,'-,
4, 23, ,'■,94
4,78,020
5,23,053
m
f
296
1 IINDOSTAN.— RELIGIOUS ESTABLISHMENTS.
Expenses of Civil and Military Cliuich Eatablisliments at Bombay.
Salaries per AQiium.
Kiipces.
1815 Civil Establishment 32, i;;
Military .. .. 11,760
18l()
1817
1818
43,937
Civil EstablisJiment :t2,l77
Military .. ..'27,559
Scotch Churcli .. s,8:t9
<is,577
t/i aj
Rs
4, 263 1821
1819
1820
Civil Establishment n-.>, 1 77
Military .. .. 43,739
Scotch Church .. (i,839
4,263
4,263
348
84,777 4,6 11:
Civil Establishment 33,977
Military .. .. 46,14/
Scotch Cburch .. 8,839
88,965
4921
4,755
Civil Establishment 33,9771 4,347
Military .. .. 53,847] 1,632
Scotch Church .. 8,839
1822
1823
1824
Salaries per Annum.
Hnpces.
Civil Establishment .33,977
Military .. .. 69,178
Scutch Church . . 9,673
1,12,830
Civil Establishment 33,977
Military .. .. 64,451
Scotch Church .. 9,673
1,08,103
96,665! 5,979!
Civil Establishment 33,977
Military .. .. 4;i,7ri()
Scotch Churcli ..13,434
Catholic .. .. 1,140
H
Rs.
5,919
2,748
8,667
5.919
8,808
14,727'
5,577
15,180
1S27
1828
Salaries per Annum.
Rupees. 1
Civil Establishment 47,077
Military .. .. 70,593
.Scotch Church .. 19,662
Catholics . . . . 2,520
Rs.
8,fir;i
27,3!l<i
l,.39,8.53!36,0i;(|
Civil Establishment 44,677
Military .. .. 92,851
Scotch Cburch .. 20,^62
Catholic .. .. 3,180
-I-
1,61,571
92,611 2,0757
Civil Establishment 33, (177
Military .. ..67,759
Scotch Church .. 19,606
Catholic .. .. 2,040
1,23,433
Civil Establishment 33,9771
Military .. .. 584971
Scotch Church .. 94i21i
5,367,
1,236
101,867 6,603
1825 Civil Establishment 46,777
Military .. .. 80,1100
Scotch Church .. 19,662
Catholic .. .. 2,040
1,48,479
Civil
Military . .
]lS29(ivil
] ; Military ..
1 1830 Civil
5,601 Military ..
12,180 1 1831 Civil
i Military ..
': 1832 Civil
; i Military . .
17,781 lS33|Civil
[Military ..
1834'Civil
5,977 Military ..
24,155 1835 Civil
Military ..
1836 Civil
Military ..
3,0152; 1837 Civil
Military . .
|i
9,liKi
3l,(i(is
41,352
9,512
13,3ns
10,158
65,419
1,10,244
6H,II9
1,19,(161 13,701
"" '>S2l 12, 3S;
l,2i ^ 1 13,171)
79.922 1 11,03,-,
1,00,308 12,H7li
64,302, 111,111
92,640j 11,1)111
70,005!
1,05,752|
63,072
1,14,8651
so,oi6|
l,04,847j
85,0171
1,1 1, 636 1
78,721
1,11,662
Expenses of Civil and Military Church Establishments at Madras.
1815
Salaries per Annum.
Rupees.
Civil Establishment 42,350
Military .. .. 78,736
•s<
1,21,086
I8I6 Civil Establishment 47,448
Military .. .. 86,60s
1,34,056
Rs
2,948
4,15K
7,106
2,948
5,334
8,282
I8I7 Civil Establishra.
Scotch Church
Catholics . .
Missionary . .
,76,2181 13,241
10,500
2,226
2,048
1,90,992
Salaries per Annum.
U a.
1818 Civil Establishni.
Scotch Church
Catholics . .
Missionary . .
I8I9
1,93,1961
. 10,500!
. 2,2261
1,100!
15,237
Civil Establishra.
Scotch Church
Catholics
Missionary . .
2,07,322|
1,61,999; 12,789
. 10,500'
. 2,226
. 1,620
1,76,315
1820 Civil Establishm.
Scotch Church
Catholics . .
Missionary . .
1821 Civil Establishm.
Scotch cliurch
Cathdlici . .
Missionary . .
1822 Civil Establishm.
Scotch Church
Catholics . .
Missionary ..
1823 Civil Establishm.
IScotch Church
j Catholics ..
Missionary ..
l824;Civil Establishm.
Scotch Cliurch
;catholics . .
Missionary . .
Rupees
1 ,70,332
.. 10,500
.. 1,800
.. 1,200
1,83,832
1,78,160
, . 10,500
. 1,800
. 1,200
1,91,660
Us.
15,284
14,626
1,70,296 15,447
. 10,500
. 2,250
. I,806
1,84,8521
« j Salaries per Annum. 3 Z
•^ \ ' tu a
I Rupees. I Its.
1825 Civil Establishm. l,5rt,56s 13,592
Scotch Cburch
Catholics . .
Missionary . .
1826 Civil Establishm.
•Scotch Church
Catholics . .
Missionary . .
1827 Civil Establishm.
IScotch Church
I Catholics ..
Missionary . .
18,375,
. 2,562!
. 2,5K6|
1,80,0911
1,63,442 18,43;
. 18,375
. 5,.'.93
. 1,080
1,88,495
1,54,547,14,376
. 10,500 1
2,562
. 3,510
1,71,119,
1,61,438 15,710
. 10,500'
. 2,802
4,. 560
"
1.82,300
1828
182!
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
183
1836
1837
1,93,922
. 18,3/5
■ ",019
. 1,050
2,19,366
n,2i7
Salaries
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
2,01,3061 10,961
2,18,082 20,316
1,85,208 23,9;ti
1,87,1711 25,I2S
l,Kli,3l3 23,(ilU
2,.')6,036,
2,55,113
2,07,322
2,42,444
2,53,702
HINDOSTAN.— ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENTS.
297
■ c
■0 <:
nnnm.
21.
Kupecs.
'Ut -17.077
Rs.
8,6r;i
.. 70,59:1
.. 19,662
27,:i!i(i
. . 2,520
,,19,85Hi;)h,(i(i!)
nt -11,6771 9,lisi
.. 92,851 :i I, (i(is
. . 20,862!
.. H,180
1,61,571
6.'),419
1,10,244
68.419
1,19,061
l,2i,- 1
-9.922 1
i,n»,ao8 i2,K7fi
4i,:ir,2
9.512
l:t,;)ns
IO.I.'jH
1:1,701
I2,:in;
i:),irii
l,(wr,
64,;ifl2
92,640
70,0051
1,05,752]
():t,072
1,14,865!
S0,0l6i
1,04,847
85,017
1,11,6:16
rH,-2-i
1,11,662
0,111
iMim
nnum.
■D 3
a ••
Us.
l:i,5i)2
Rupees.
l,5ri,56s
.. 18,;i75
. . 2„^(i2
2,5k6
1, NO, 091
l,0:t,442
.. is,:)73
.. 5,598
.. 1,080
18,437
1,88,195
1,9:1,923
. I8,:i75
. ",019
. 1,050
2,19,366
21,217
2,01,306 ifl,9fn
2,18,082 2il,:ll6
1,85,208 23,!)rii
1,87,17(1 25,rJft
,8t;,:ll3.23,fi04
2,56,036
2,.').J.113
2,07,122
2,12,414
|2,5.),702
Ecclesiastical Establishment of the Three Presidencies, according to the Scale authorized by the
Honourable Court of Directors.
The Lord Bishop,
Archdeacon, and
37 Chaplains,
Of whom 29 were then present,
and 8 absent on furlough, &c. &c.
A Bishop, and
23 Chaplains,
A Bishop, and
14 Chaplains,
Of whom 19 were present, 1 Of whom 11 were present,
and 4 absent on furlough, &c. &c. and 3 absent on furlough, &c. &c.
Scale of Establishment proposed by the Civil Finance Committee.
1-
Bengal.
Presidency :
The Lord Bishop.
Archdeacon.
1 Chaplain to the Lord Bishop.
5 ditto of the i^residency.
1 ditto at Barrack pore.
1 ditto at Dum Dum.
Subordinate Stations :
1 Chaplain at Berhampore.
1 ditto at Dacca.
1 ditto at Bhaugulpore.
1 ditto at Dinapore.
1 ditto at Ghazeepore.
1 ditto at Benares.
1 ditto at Allahabad.
2 ditto at Cawnpore.
1 ditto at Furruckabad, or Ba
reilly.
1 ditto at Agra.
2 ditto at Meerut.
1 ditto for Malwa, and Rajpoo-
tana.
1 ditto at Saugor.
23 Chaplains.
rj ditto allowed for furlough and
\ contingencies.
29 Total number of Chaplains.
Number at present 37 Chaplains.
Ditto proposed 29 ditto.
Proposed reduction 8
Madras.
Presidency :
Archdeacon.
1 Senior Chaplain.
1 Junior ditto.
1 Chaplain.
1 ditto at Fort St. George.
1 ditto at Black Town.
1 ditto at St. Thomas's Mount
and Poonamellee.
Subordinate Stations :
1 Chaplain at Bangalore.
1 ditto at Trichiiiopoly.
1 ditto at Bellary.
I ditto at Masulipatam.
1 ditto for Cananore and Man-
galore.
1 ditto at Nagpore.
1 ditto for Vizigapatam and
Ganjim.
1 ditto for Nellore, Arcot, and
Cuddalore.
I ditto for the Neilgherries,
Tellicherry and Calicut.
15 Chaplains.
. f ditto allowed for furlough and
\ contingencies.
19 Total number of Chaplains.
Number at present 23 Chaplains.
Ditto proposed 19 ditto.
Bombay.
Presidency :
Archdeacon.
1 Senior Chaplain.
1 Junior ditto.
1 Chaplain for Colabah, Tannah,
and the Harbour of Bombay.
Subordinate Stations :
2 Chaplains for Poonah & Kirkee.
1 ditto for Surat, Broach and
Baroda.
I ditto for Deesa, Ahmednugger
and Kaira.
1 ditto for Belgaum, Darwar
and the S. Concan.
1 ditto for Rajcote and Cutch.
1 ditto for Ahmednuggur and
Mulligaum in Candeish.
10 Chaplains.
2 f allowed for furlough and con-
\ tingencies.
12 Total number of Chaplains.
Number at present 14 Chaplains.
Ditto proposed 12 ditto.
Proposed reduction 4
Each receiving Rs.S.ClO Each receiving Rs.7,875
per annum Rs. 68,880| per annum Rs.
Proposed reduction 2
Receiving per annum . . Rs
Deduct allowance to Mis-
sionaries, 2 receiving
each Rs. 1200 per ann.
Deduct allowance to Mis
sionaries, 6 receiving
each Rs. 1200 per ann.
Add Scotch Kirk-
Senior Minister Rs. 12,931
Junior ditto . . 9,482
7,200
61,G80
22,413
Total saving Rs. 84,093
Deduct allowance to Mis- "I
sionaries, 4 receiving >
each Rs. 1200 per ann. J
Add Scotch Kirk—
31,500 Senior Minister Rs. 1 1,760
Junior ditto .. 8,610
4,800
19,200
2,400
16,800
20,370
Add Scotch Kirk-
Senior Minister Rs. 1 1,760
Junior ditto .. 7,875
26,700
19,635,
Total saving . . . . Rs. 37,170
Total saving Rs. 46,335
<i w
ir I'
?]i/
2<Jf<
UlNUOSTAN.— ROMAN CATHOLIC KELIGION.
IH: I
k-
1
!i'.^
i i.
■li
I
1
Tlip new chavter authorized the Crown to erect the
iirchdeaconriesof Madras and Homhay nitobishoprieks
(siibordiniitc to the metropolitan of IJengal), with
salaries of 24,000 S. 11. nnnunlly each, exclusive of
500/. each for outfits, passage money, &c., and inde-
j)endent also of the expenses incurred in visitations.
Pensions oi 800/. a year are nssii^ned after \h years
office as bishop, and if he die within six months after
his arrival in India, one years' salary shall be paid to
his representatives.
The following extract from a public letter from
Bombay, dated 20th January, I8;i0, to the Court of
Directors, will shew what has been done in reference
to the Roman Catholics, who, at the cession of Bom-
bay, were to enjoy all the rights and immunities of
their faith : —
Par. 27. Having called for information in regard to
the Catholic churches, &c. within the limits of this
{'residency, we beg to lay the result before your
Honourable Court.
The Bishop of Bombay states, that he has within
the Island of BouUjay under his jurisdiction five
churches, including the new ehurcih at Coluba, built
by the Hon. Coiripany, and two cbajiels, that the
number of priests are thirteen, exclusive of his vicar,
General Fr. I.uiz Maria, and Bishop Prendergast, who
lives with him. That all these churches, except that
at Colaba, have sufficient funds to keep them in good
order, and to su])port their jiriests ; that those funds
were left by pious benefactors ; that at Surat he has
two churches under his jurisdiction, and two jjriests,
one of whom, as chaplain to the servants of the Hon.
Kast India Comjjany, receives 40 rupees per month,
and the other nothing. That both the churches have
sufficient funds to keep them in good order, and to
support those priests. That at Broach and Baroda he
has two chapels without any fund whatever, tlie
chaplains there receiving from the Hon. Company an
allowance of 30 rupees each per month. That he has
a chapel at Kaira without any fund, and that the
chaplain receives from the Hon. Company an allow-
ance of 40 rupees per month. That he has small
chapels at Mhow, Dhoolia, Candeish, Malwan, and
Rutnagherry, and the respective chaplains receive 30
rupees per month from the Hon. Company. That
the chapels at Poona and Aurnngabad ought to
belong to him, but for the want of priests he has
consented to the archbishop sending i)riests there:
the bishop requests an allowance of 15 ru|)ees per
month on account of each of those small chapels,
for keeping them in order, and an addition of 10 ru-
pees per month to the allowance of the chaplains
attached to them
The senior magistrates of the police states that
there are 12 Roman Catholic churches on the Island
of Bombay, but in regard to the number of Priests,
&c., he refers Government to the Bishop of Antipholi,
and the Archbisho|)'s Vicar General in Bombay, as
he has no means himself of fm-nishing information
thereon.
The Collector of Ahmedabad re|)orts that there are
no Roman Catholic churches withm his collectorate,
and that the whole number of persons of that religion
residing within his jurisdiction does not amount to
above 40 souls.
The Collector of Broach reports that there is only
one Roman Catholic church and one Priest in his
/.illah : that the church was built by subscription, and
the Priest receives a monthly allowance of 30 rupees
for his support. That the anruial repairs of the
chinch, and other monthly contingent expenses
thereof, such as clerks, ))ay, etc. are boriie by siili-
seription lately made by some Roman Catholics re-
siding there.
The Collector of Kaira reports that there are two
Roman Catholic churches in bis /.illah, to which but
one Priest is attached : that both churches are in the
vicinity of Kaira, one close to the bead ciitchery in
the suburbs of the town of Kaira, for performing the
duty of which the Priest is allowed 40 rupees per
month from the Government ; the other is situated
in the camp, for ])erforming the duty of which the
Priest receives private voluntary contributions.
The Collector of Surat reports that there are two
Roman Catholic Churches at Surat — the first was
erected in 1(124, a Sunnud was granted in the year
1729, by the Emperor of Delhi, and the Nawaub of
Surat paid monthly a sum of ru|)ees 12() 2 in sup-
port of it : this was continued until the date of its
coming into the possession of the Hon. Company,
when it ceased ; it is now supported by the rent of
three houses, yielding, when occupied, an agu;regnte
monthly sum of 45 rupees. At jiresent they have
fallen much into decay, and two are without tenants,
these belong to the church. The second church
is supported by Government, the Priest receives a
monthly sum of 40 rupeees, besides the subscrip-
tions obtained occasionally from private individuals;
it is said to be in a Houiishing condition. The num-
ber of Roman Catholics who attend these two churches
does not exceed 120 persons. There are few Roman
Catholics, and no churches in any other part of his
Zillah.
The Collector in the Southern Cincan reports that
there are six churches in his Zillah, viz. : — one at
Malwan, estimated annual expense 557 Rs. of which
Government contributes 540 Rs. ; one at Vingooria,
estimated annual expense, 58 Rs. ; one at Viziadrong;
one at Rutnagherry, estimated annual expense, 540
rupees contributed by Government. This church
was built in 1822 by the Portuguese inhabitants, with
the assistance of 200 Rs. from Government ; one at
Hurnee ; one at Korli, to which Government contri-
butes 237 lis,
Mr. Reid states that the number of Roman Catho-
lics is very inconsiderable, and consists principally of
a floating population from Goa and Bombay. At
Korli, opposite the Fort of Reodunda, and at Viziii-
droog and Hurnee, few old Portuguese residents are
to he found. To Malvva, Vingooria and Rutnagherry
they have been attracted since the establishment of
the British Government, and consistof English writers
and their families, farmers of the Government, I.iipior
Farms, and a few stone cutte'-s and mechanics ; the
total number does not exceed 1,000 souls.
The Collector of Ahmednuggur states that there
are no churches nor any established Priest in any
town in his collectorate. That the Roman Catholics
of Ahmednuggur, about 50 persons, met in a place of
worship on Sundays and other days, and have been
contemiilating building a church, inviting a clergy-
man, and retpiesting ground from Government for the
site of a church and burial place, and the Collector
expresses a hope that when such application is made,
we will afford them suitable assistance.
The principal Collector of Dharwar reports that
there are II churches in his collectorate, viz : one at
each of the following places, Rhanapoor, Nundagurli,
Shawpore, Belgaum, Kittoor, Becdee, Macligiirli,
Darwiir, Aziah, (in the Kolapoor territory) Hallkiir-
nee, and Bellgoondee. That there are three Priests
to those churches, one senior and two junior, all iia-
IIIN'DOSTAN.— UOiMAN CATHOLIC F.STAULISHMKNT.
riu' by siih-
[;atbolics le-
;here are two
to which but
iL's are in the
I cutchery in
^forming tlic
[) riiprcs |H'r
er is situated
of whicli the
utions.
there are two
the tirst was
1 in the year
ho Xawaub of
<.C) 2 in sup-
>c (late of its
on. Company,
y the rent of
an agi;rcs!ate
ent they liaw
hout tenants,
•cond church
est receives a
the subscrip-
e individuals;
n. The num-
etwo churches
re few Roman
[er part of his
n reports that
viz. : — one at
' Rs. of wliich
at Vingnorla,
at Viziadrong;
expense, .')4n
This church
abitants, with
liment ; one at
nment contri-
loman Catlio-
principally of
liombay. At
[and at Vizia-
rcsidcnts are
|l Rutna!;herry
:abliiihment of
Inglish writers
iment, i.i(Hior
lechanics ; tiie
that there
irriest ill any
Inali Catholics
in a place of
Ind have hern
Ing a clergy-
|iinent for the
the Collector
Ition is made,
reports that
, viz : one at
Nundagurli,
Machgnrli,
liry) llallkiir-
threc I'riests
liniiu-, all na-
tives of Goa. That the four tirst mentioned churches
are under charge of the senior Priest, to whom the
other two Priests arc re(piired to report proceedings ;
the next four lUider one of the jtmior Priests, and the
remaining three under the other, the whole are sid)-
ject to the Archbishop of (Joa. They derive their
principal support from the Portuguese Government,
the senior Priest is allowed a salary of 300 Cjoa rupees
per annum, aiid the two junior I'riests 2^)0 rupees
eiich ; they also receive fees for baptisms, marriages,
funerals, &c. for little more tlian a year and a half the
senior Prie.st, who olficiates at Helgaum, received an
allowance of 2.') Rs. per month from the British (io-
vernment, but this has been discontinued since the
removal of the 1st Bombay Kurojiean regiment. The
members of the four churches under the immediate
superintendence of the senior Priest, amount, includ-
ing men, women, and children, to 1,300 souls; those
of the other four churches to about iJOO ; the remain-
ing three churches to about 700 ; making together
2,601).
The whole of these are descendants of a body of
Roman Catholic, who, about a century ago, removed
from below the Ghauts and settled there. Their chief
employment is distillation of spirits ; besides the
above there are at jiresent at Belgaum, in her Ma-
jesty's 41st regiment of foot, 279 men, 43 women,
and 44 children, Roman Catholics, and 2,.'i00 (sei)oys,
pioneers, drummers, fifers, and camp followers) among
the native troops, besides some of the same descrip-
tion, under the junior Priests at Dhauwar and Kela-
poor.
The acting Collector of Poona reports that there is
one church and two Priests under his collectorate, and
that the only Catholic inhabitants there, area few ser-
vants and followers attached to the Camp at Poona.
He does not report the sources from which they derive
theirsupport, but from the Accountant-general's state-
ment it api)ears, that one of them receives an allow-
ance from Government of .'iO Rs. per month, and the
other 25 Rs.
The Collector of Khandesh reports that there are
two small churches in his collectorate, one at Malli-
gaum and the other at Dhoolia; there is only one
Priest in Khandesh who residf^s at Dhoolia ; he pro-
ceeds to Mallig-'uni once in six or seven weeks to
perform mass, he receives 30 Rs. per month from the
Government, which is considered as a salary for per-
forming mass on public days ; in addition to this, he
is generally paid by individuals one rupee for each
liaptism, and one for each burial, and five rupees for
each marriage; but these are not established fees,
they are dispensed with, when the parties are in low
circumstances ; for all extra masses on account of
individuals for their departed friends, or other pur-
poses, half a rupee is paid ; the amount of those fees
may average about 12 rupees jier mensem. The priest
in Khandesh is not at all content with his allowances,
as he could obtain more than double the sum in Bom-
bay, hut, he understands, he has been sent up to
Khandesh much against his inclination. There are
about 200 Roman Catholics in Khandesh, some of
whom are very respectable men, and who serve the
Government as accountants, English writers, &c. ;
others are personal servants and cooks of Kuropean
gentlemen. An addition of 10 Rs. per month has
2!l<)
lately been granted to him to defray the expense of
bis proceeding to Malligaum.
The Collector in the Northern Concan has haiidi'd
up a statement, shewing the number of Roman Catho-
lic churches, the Tiumber of the Priests belonging to
them, the sources whence they derive their support,
and the number of the Roman Catholic bouses and
subjects in his district, to which wo beg to draw your
Honourable Court's attention.
That the Roman Catholic faith is rapidly losing
ground in his Zillah, there can be little doubt. Up-
wards of 1,200 families, Coolies, left the church during
the raging of the cholera, and returned to the worship
of their forefathers; from what he has observed,
however, the change was merely in name, the greater
number calling themselves Christians are in tact idol-
aters ; some, it is said, worship the Hindoo gods
secretly in their houses, although they attend the
church, and almost all conceive the images of the
saints as gods, and worshi|) them in that light.
Few, very few of the Christians, resident in his
'/illah, arc descended from the Portuguese families,
they are generally converted Koombies, Bundarees,
Coolies, and a few Brahmins ; and the most extraor-
dinary circumstance is, that most of them still adhere
to the former prejudices of caste, and rarely inter-
marry, and in .some parts will not eat together, not-
withstanding which tliey are considered as brethren
of the Church of Christ.
The cause of this ignorance must originate in the
extremely depressed state of the clergy, and this is
caused by the wretched pittance obtainable in each
parish, no families of respectability would think of
educating any member for such a stati-^n. The vicars
of Salsette, in their i)etition to govoriiriu'tit, dated in
December, lH3r), stated that the churches are almost
" all in great decay, and going to ruin ; and there is
nothing left for their repairs. The parishioners are
so very jjoor and miserable that they can scarcely
maintain themselves and families." Some of the
churches are little better than a heap of ruins.
Considering the description of the Priests generally,
the collector hardly knows whether the want of them
in many places is a disadvantage or nut, if men of
education and character could by any means be a|)-
pointed, the advantr.go would be certain. 'I'he state-
ment now forwarded shews 13 Priests ofiiciating over
24 chuiches or parishes, in the Island of Salsette, the
Priest at Tannah having the charge of four churches.
The Priest of Agasee in the Malum Talooka has charge
of the churches of Tarapoor and Dahnoo, or rather
parishes (for the church at the latter place is com-
pletely destroyed), a distance of 20 coss, but at pre-
sent there are not many Christians in those two
parishes.
Heretofore the Roman Catholics were in ecclesias-
tical matters s\ib;ect to the rule of the Portuguese
Bishop at Goa, and ministered to by an uneducated
clergy. Now there are two Vicars Apostolic at Ben-
gal and Madras (one an Englishman and the other an
Irishman), subject to the Pope in religious matters.
They have several European priests oHiciating under
them, and are recognized by Government. There
are, it is said, a large number of Roman Catholics in
the Madras territories ; and one-half of the European
soldiers are of that persuasion.
t V.
300
HINDOSTAN.— ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES.
I K
Statempnt shewtn? the number of Roman Catholic chiirchcH at Madras, St. Thomas's Mount, Piilicat, Coveloni?, and
Pprlapalliam, the extent of their respective congregations, and the mode in whicli they are supported.
Name and Situation, and
CoDfcreKations— ail citisses,
Blessed Virpin Mary, in
Madras Diaclc Town,
about 13,000.
Bt. John, in Madras Black
Town, about 1,500.
Capuchin Mis-
sion.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
Parcherry, about 10,000.
St. Peter, in Royapooraro,
about 10,000,
Mater Doloroza, in Roya-
pooram, about 1,000.
St. Roche & Lazaro, near
the Miincgar Choultry,
about 200.
St. Andrew, in Vepery,
about 4,000.
St. George, in Madetcram,
about 100.
Under what
Juiisdiction.
See.St.Thome.
Ditto,
Ditto.
Capuchin Mis.
sion.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
St. Thomas's Cathedral, in SeeSt. Thome.
St. Thome,
St. Rita, in St. Thom^,
St. Domingo, in St.Thome,
about 15,000.
Madre de Decs, in St.
Thome,
St. Lazaro, in St. Thom^,
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
Luz, about 1,500.
Blessed Virgin Mary, rear
Moubray Gardens, about
800.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
Little Mo<int, about 100.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
St. Thomas's Mount,
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
St. Thomas's Mount,
about 5,000.
St. Francis Havier, in St.
Tlioinas's Mount,
Blessed Virgin Mury, in
Cuvelong, about 500.
St. Anthony, in Poona-
maliie, about 1,.500.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto.
How supported, and to
what amount.
Hy its own fund to the amount
of .')7,000 pagodas & two houses,
besides other sums, forming an
aggregate of about 20,000 pago-
das, aliot'cd fur certain specific
objects.
By the estate of the late Mr.
John D'Monte. The Priest re-
ceive< 10 pagodas per mensem
from the rents of several liouses
appropriated to charitable pur-
poses.
By the See of St. Thome.
By its own fund, about 40,000
rupees.
By the Capuchin Mission.
Ditto ditto
By its own fund.
No fund or priest.
By its own fund.
By its own fund, about 1,200
pagcdas.
By the rent of two houses be-
longing to the church.
By its own fund 500 pagodas,
and the rent of a garden.
By the l)ishopriel{. A garden
belongs to the church.
By its own fnnd about 500
pagoda-*, and a house and gar-
den belonging to the church.
By tlie estate of the iate Mr.
John ne Monte.
By tlie rent of Paddy Fields,
&c. belonging to the church.
By its own lund about 2,500
pagodas, and two houses be-
longing to the church.
No. fund.
Ditto.
By its own fund about 64,000
rupees, bi(|ucathed by tlie iate
Mr. John D'Monte.
By its own fund about 2,500
pagodas, bequeathed by the late
Mr. J. D'Monte.
No fund.
Ditto.
Remarlcs.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in
PuUcat, about 2,ooo.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in ICapuchin Mis.
Waliajahpettali, about sion.
500.
Blessed Virgin Mary, in Ditto.
Periapalliam, about lOO.
N.B, As some of the churches derive support from the rents of houses and lands belonging to the estate of the iiite Mr.
D'Monte, the amount allowed tj each depends upon the actual receipts realized from time to time.
Ditto.
Built in 1"85 by public contributions ; the
fund exclusively belonginu to the church
was originally acquired by thccompensaticm
of 13,000 pagodas, made by r.nvernment on
account of the demolition of a church in the
fort which the Portuguese inhabitants hnllt,
ond the rest by legacies, donations, Jtc, f(ir
the maintenance of tlie priests, chanty,
schools, ."^c.
This church was estahli>-hed at tlie parti,
cular instance of a large body of Roman
Catholics, who, annoyed at the conduct of
the Capuchin friars, petitioned (•ovcrnmcnt
and founded it in 1815 under the auspins nf
the See of St. Thome. A range of bazars
belongs to the church, the rent of which
goes towards the liquidation of a debt con.
tracted for its benefit, to the amount of 2,500
rupees.
Huilt hy the headmen and other christian
pariahs of the plate, and the assistanci; of
one I liomas ICSouze, Esq., an opulent Por.
tiiguese mercliant.
Ituiit hythe christian l)oatmcn from funds
raised hy their own contributions, ike. The
original amount of these contributions was
about 70,000 rupees, 30,000 of which weut
towards the huililing of the church.
Built lately by the Capticliins.
Duilt by the Capuchins having their bury,
ing ground there.
Built by Father Felix, a Capuchin friar,
from his own funds.
A small chapel, built hy public contrilm.*,
tions from the Cathollcii wlio have iamlcd
property at Madcveram. Foundation laid
for a larger building.
Erected by tlie King of Portugal when the
See of St. Thome was established. Kiiiid
about 20,000 i>agodas, besides four iion-^cs
and two gardens, partly tlie endowment of
the King of Portugal, and the rest from
legacies, ^c. Tiie See is under the inune-
diate patronage of that Monarch.
No Minister attached to it. Service Is
occasionally performed.
On Tuesdays this church is opened, and
divine service performed, when charitable
donations, in candles, oil, and other com-
modities, are obtained to a considerahle
amount, adequate to the support of the
church, &c.
No Minister is attaclicd to it. Service is
occasionally performed.
An allowance is also granted by (iovcrn-
nient on account of tlie European troops in
the cantonment.
Built by public contributions. Service is
occasionally performed.
Ditto
ditto
A Portuguese seminary is also supported
at Covtlong out of the iutircst arising Irura
the same fund.
Built by the ratliolic inhabitants of the
place. Service is occasionally performod.
Ituiit hy puhlic contributicus. Service is
occasionEilly perlorraed.
Ditto
ditto
The con
Madras, is
nian St. ca
at Hoya|)f
chapel situ
I.ndv of I'l
caliPil St.
Chultry, Ci
situated at
nf Assump
Capuchins
Acting HisI
Roynpoorar
controul
controul of
Bted near tl
John's cliur
St. Thome
Eiistaquio,
troiil of the
the Captichi
nip pes, mos
prcileccssors
testators, to
the <ai(l Capi
is the exeeut
8the support ,
Cchatit'il'lc pi
bsaid church,
■-N superiiitondc
■^ the Mother
~v;hins ; the cl
.\ revenues the
^cliiirch of St
^ from rent of
;j, The chapel of
The chapel o
^ nuts thereof,
of St. Peter
the controul (
people, and tl
the iate Mr.
of the said chi
As to the n
who attend t
and other fes
the best of mj
be In all, incl
Fort St. Geoi
born, Malabar
about 10,0f)0;
lies has takei
born, a part
quent the chi
Capuchin chui
of Parcherry (
where a small
Parcherry, fret
ahout 100 iti
Wallajapettah
body of count
and at Vipery
eluding Malab
about 2,000.
HINDOSTAN.— ROMAN CATHOLIC F.STAJJLISIIMENTS.
301
tving their bury.
Csipuchin friar,
^o it. Service is
Ions. Service is
The controul of the Capuchin Friars in and about
Madras, is as follows : The church situated in Arme-
nian St. called Queen of Angels. The chapel situated
at Koyapooram, called Mother of Afltliction. The
chapel situated at Wallajapettah, near Tripiicane, called
I.ady of Purification. The church situated at Vippry,
called St. Andrew. The chapel situated near Moni;?ar
Cluiltry, called St. Roque and St. Lazar, The chapel
situated at Hig Parcherry, near the mint, called Lady
nf Assumption, formerly under the controul of the
Capuchins, is from 1824, under the controul of the
(icting Bishop of St. Thome. The church situated at
Uoynpooram called St. Peter, formerly under the
controul of the Capuchins, is from lS2f> under the
controul of the said acting bishop. The chapel situ-
ated near the market, erected in 181, 5, now called St.
John's church, by order of the then acting Hishop of
St. Thome for the use and benefit of the Rev. Father
Eiistuquio, a Capuchin Friar, stands under the con-
troul of the present acting bishop. The funds which
the Capuchin Friars possess amount to about 180,000
nipf'os, most of which is the ac(|uirement of their
predecessors, and the rest le'.;iicies by will of several
testators, to which the superior for the time being of
the said Capuchin church, situated in Armenian-street,
is the executor. Tlie interest of these funds arc for
Sthe support and maintenance of the Capuchin Friars,
^charitable purposes, jiious works, and decorum of the
5; said church, situated in Armenian-street, under the
*^ superintendence of the said superior. The chapel of
'^ the Mother of Affliction is supported by the Capu-
~^chins ; the chapel of the Lady of Purification by the
.•"revenues thereof, and by alms of the public. The
i;; church of St. Andrew by the revenues thereof, and
- from rent of the houses belonging to that church.
I ;j The chapel of St. Roque and Lazar by the Capuchins.
The chapel of the Lady of Assumption by the reve-
' nuts thereof, and by alms of the public. The church
' of St. Peter by the funds thereof, which are under
the controul of the Marine Board, acquired by boat
people, and the church of St. John by the funds of
the late Mr. John de Monte, who was a benefactor
of the said church, and from revenues thereof.
As to the number of F.uropeans or their descendants
who attend these churches and chapels on Sunday
and other festival days, I cannot exactly say ; but to
the best of my knowledge and belief 1 think they may
be in all, including the soldiers of the garrison of
Fort St. George, to about 700, including cou.. -y-
born, Malabar, Pariahs, and boat people, who may be
about 10,000 ; but since a division of Roman Catho-
lics has taken place in ISl.'i, among the country
born, a part of these, to about 400 or ,')00, fre-
quent the church of St. John, and the rest to the
Capuchin church to a greater number. The Pariahs
of Parcherry and boat people to their own churches,
where a small body of country born to about 200, in
Parcherry, frequent the Chapel of Assumption ; and
ahout loo in the Church St. Peter. The Pariahs ot
Wallajapettah in their own chapel, where a small
body of country born to about 50, frequent there,
and at Vipery about 200, among country born, ex-
cluding Malabar Sepoys and Pariahs, who may be
about 2,000.
Statement of the Roman Catholic churches, their
ricnrs, and their respective funds. — Cathedral of St.
Thom(', the Acting Rishop Fr. Manuel da Ave Maria;
about 20,000 pagodas, four houses to be rented, and
two gardens. Church of Santa Rita at do. under do. ;
about 1,200 pagodas, and a house to be rented.
Church of St. Domingos, do. no vicar j two houses to
be rented. Church of Madre dc Ueos, do. Rd. Manuel
S. de Jesus ; a garden and 500 pagodas. Church of
Lazarus, do. do. ; a cocoa-nut tree garden. Church
of l)iscan(;o, Rd. Antonio F. dor Arcanjos ; supported
by the estate of the late Mr J. de Monte. Church of
Lux, Rd. Fr. Francisco das Dores : about 500 pago-
das, a house to be rented, and a garden. Church of
Little Mount, no Vicar; a garden of paddy fields.
Church of St. Thomas's Mount, Rd. Antonio Rozario
Cardozas ; about 2,.')00 pagodas, and two houses to
be rented. Church of Covulong, Rd. Luis Rubeiro ;
about ri4,000 rupees, but there is a seminary to be
sujiported also with the same fund. Church of Poon-
malay, Rd. Antonio Joze Pires ; pagodas 2,500.
C'hurch of Pulicat, no vicar; no fund. Church of
Vcpery, Rd. Fr. Felix ; no fund ; at present in charge
of Rd. Muhille. Cbureli of Periapauleum, no vicar ;
no fund. Church of Madaveruin, no vicar; no fund.
Church of Walhijawpettah, novicar; no fund. Church
of Capuchins, of Madras, Rd. Fr. John Haplista ;
about 30,000 pagodas, and two houses. Church of
St. John at Madras, Rd. Domingos J. A. I'creira ;
supported by the estate of Mr. J. Dc Monte. Church
of Parcbery at Madras, Rd. Jannario Saldanha ; no
fund, h'lt is supported by the Cathedral fund. Church
of Royaporam, no vicar ; about 20,000 pagodas (boat-
mens' funds). Church another, at Madias, no vicar :
supported by the Capuchins.
The Roman Catholic establishments which now
enjoy the protection and support of the ['".I. Company,
include four apostolical vicars, with authority direct
from the Pope ; nominated by the Society De Propa--
S'tndn Fide, and stationed at Pojtdirlierry, rerapoly,
Hnmhmj, and Ai^rn. There is also a prelect of the
Romish mission at Nepaul. These apostolic vicars
have under them in their several dioceses a number
of jjriests ; most of whom are natives of India, and
have been educated in Indian seminaries by European
ecclesiastics.
There arc also two archbishops and two bishops,
presented by the A'/«? of Purtuf^al. The archbishops
are of Goa, who is the Metropolitan and Primate of
the Orient; and of Cr'tn'jrnnorc, in Malabar. The
bishops are, of Cochin in Malabar, and 67, Thomas at
Madras. The latter includes Culcutta in his diocese ;
where he has a legate, who has under his superinten-
dence 14 priests and 10 churches, viz. in Calcutta,
one; in Serampore, one; in Chinsurrah, one; in
Bandel, one ; in Cosimbazar, one ; three at Chitta-
gong; in Backergunge, one; arid in Bowal, one.
The priests and churches under the presidencies of
Madras and Bombay are very numerous, exclusive of
those which were formerly Syrian churches, and have
been, as already mentioned, incorporated with that of
Rome.
The Roman Catholic Bishop of Bombay, who, with
his Vicar-general, resided on the island, has under his
jurisdiction there five churches, inclusive of a new
i-hurch on the island of Colabar, and two chapels.
There are connected with these est-ablishraents 13
priests, exclusive of the bishop and his vicar. All the
churches, except Colabar, have sufficient endowments
for their support and that of their priests.
The prir.c pal church, which is dedicated to N. S.
da Esperan(;a, formerly stood on the Esplanade ; but
in the year 1804 it was removed at the company's
expense, and a new one erected by Salliah Mahomed
Fuzeel. This building cost about 4,000/. In l^Sl it
was discovered that the work had been badly .'xecuted,
and the church was then ready to fall, in consequence
[
If
I 1
301.'
HINDOSTAN.— MISSIONARir.S, KDUCATION.
i:.
( I
of vvliich the (•onipniiy iniidp n further grant of 14,000
rupees, nenrly 2,(i()0/., towards its repair.
At Surnt tliere are two eliurchcs under the juris-
diction of tlie Ilishop of Bombay. 'I'he oldest was
erected in t)'.i> year 1()24 ; and it is a remarkable cir-
cumstance tliat for many years this church enjoyed a
monthly income of 12r) rupees, 2 anas jiaid by the
Nabob of Surat, by virtue of a Suntiud from the
Emperor at Delhi. This endowment ceased to be
paid when Surat came entirely under the controul of
the company ; but the church is still in possession of
freehold property, yielding a monthly sum sufficient
for its sup|)ort. The second church is wholly sup-
ported by the company, who pay the priest his
monthly stipend of 40 rupees. The stated worship-
pers in these two churches somewhat excee<l 100.
The other Roman Catholic churches under the
Presidency of Bombay are as follow ; one in Broach,
which was erected and is still supported by voluntary
subscription, exceptinp; a monthly stipend of 30 rupees
to the priest, paid by the company ; one at Baroda,
supported in the same way ; the church of N. S. los
Remedios at Bassein, to the re-editication of which,
in the year 1832, the comjiany contributed liberally ;
a church at Poonah, with two priests, who enjoy
stipends paid by the company ; one at Malwa ; one at
Vingorla ; one at Viziadroog ; one at Rutnagherry,
erected in 1822, with the aid of a grant from the
company, and one at Hurrce.
The following statement exhibits the several mis-
sionary stations formed by the London, Baptist, and
Wesleyan Societies, with the date of the year when
the mission was established at each station, and the
number of missionaries resident at each.
Londim Society. — Calcutta, A. 1). ISlfi, mission-
aries, 4 ; Chinsurah, 1813, 1 ; Berhampore, 1824, 2;
Benares, 1820, 4 ; Madras, 1805, 4 ; Tripassore, 182(5,
superintended by the Madras missionaries; Viz,-igapa- i
tarn, 1805, 2 ; Cuddapah, 1822, I ; Chittoor, 1827, 1 ;
Belgaum, 1820, 2; Bellary, 1810,4; Bangalore, 1820,
2 ; Salem, 1827, 1 ; Coiiibaconum, 1825, 1 ; Coim-
batonr, 1830, 1; Nagercoil, 1806, 2; Neyoor, 1828,
2; Quilon, 1821, 1 ; Surat, 1815, 3; Darwar, 182y,
superintended by the Belgaum missionaries. !
Baptist Society . — Calcutta, ISOl, missionaries, 7; I
Patna, 1832, 1 ;'Digar, 1809, 1 ; Monghyr, 18:fi, 2; |
Sewry, 1807, 1 ; Cutwa, ls04, 1 ; Luck^antipore, |
1831, 1 ; Khane, 1831, 1 ; Bonstoll '., 1829, 1. The i
above is exclusive of the mission family at Serampore, !
which is in the Danish territory. I
IVesteyan Society. — Madras, four Europeans, with '
native assistants ; Bangalore, 4 ; Negapatam and Mel- |
nattam, 1. I
VIII. It was stipulated at the last renewal but one [
of the E. I. Charter, that 10,000(. should be annually !
devoted from the snrp/h:i territorial revenue of India, ]
to the purpo.se of education ; by the following extract :
from a parliamentary return in 1832, it will be seen
that the company have doubled, and in some years !
trebled the amount laid down in the act, although I
there was no surplus revenue in India : — !
In 1824, 21,884i. ; 1825, fiC.SfiS/. ; 182r), 27,412/.; '
1827, 45,313/. ; 1828, 35,841/. ; 1829, 38,076/. ; I
1830,44,330/. !
As an instance of the efforts making for the diffu- ;
sion of intelligence throughout the British dominions, ^
I may quote the testimony before Parliament of the
Hon. liolt Mackenzie, who states that since the re-
newal of the last Charter, the Bengal Government
have estal)lished a college at Calcutta for the Hindoos,
and reformed very much the old Moslem College; I
that colleges have been established at Delhi and Agia,
(or both Hindoos and Moslems ; the Hindoo CoHim,',
at lienares has been reformed ; at the several institu-
tions it has been the object of Government to extend
the study of the English language, and good bo^ks
have been supplied. Sec. ; that seminaries have bein
established in different parts of the country, and
schools established by individuals who have been
aided by Government. The Calcutta School Book
Society, from 1H24-25 up to the 30th April, l«;j3,
printed 13,000 copies of 21 Sanscrit works; o.Odii
copies of seven Arabic works ; 2,500 do, of five Per.
sian authors ; 2,000 do. of four Hindu do., (mhI
several other works were then in the press. Th ■
l>ririting charges of the Society for the foregoing
period was 105,425 ruiiees.
The late Colonel Mackenzie received from the East
India Company 10,000/. for his collections on the
history of the Hindoos of the Southern Peninsnln.
The money paid by the East India Com[)any for Di.
Morrison's Chinese Dictionary, was 12,000/. steriiii','!
With respect to Bombay, Major-General Sir Lionel
Smith, a veteran and distinguished King's officer, oh-
serves in his evidence before Parliament (6th Oct.
1831 ), ' Education is in such extensive progress, tlmt
I hardly think it could be more extended — education
is also going on in the Deckan ; the encouragement
given by Government consists in a very liberal estnli-
lishment, under the direction of an officer of very
great attainments in the native languages. Captain
Jarvis.'
For the army, also, the Com|)any have establishe.l
schools, and libraries have been sent out to India fur
the use of the troops ; and it is in frequent evidinii'
before Parliament, that great pains are taken witli
the native regimental seminaries. I might (pio'i'
similar testimony with respect to Madras, but prr-
ha|)s the best proof that I could adduce is the st.irc-
nient made by that indefatigable friend of India, Sir
Alexander Johnson, in his late able Report laid lict'nic
the Royal Asiatic Society, namely, that in Madra.s
' the proportion of the inhabitants who have been
taught reading, writing, and the rudiments of aiith-
mctic, in their own language, amount to one in tire ."
Pros^re.ts of Educntion in Bensrnl. — The Calcntta
Madrissn, or Mahomedan College was founded in 17^1,
by Warren Hastings, who provided a builling for it
at his own expense, amounting to 57,74.'> rujices, but
which was afterwards charged to the Company. The
Bengal Crovernment also, at the recommendation of
Mr. Hastings, assigned lands at the estimated value of
29,000 rupees per annum, for the support of the in-
stitution, to promote the study of the Arabic and
Persian languages, and of the Mahomedan law, witli
a view, more especially, to the production of well
qualified officers for the courts of justice.
In 1791, the government of the College was placed
in the hands of a Committee of Superintendence, con-
sisting of the acting president of the Board of Reve-
nue, the Persian Translator to Government, and the
preparer of reports.
The students are divided into classes, and the fol-
lowing sciences to be taught : — Natural Philosophy,
Theology, Law, Astronomy, Geometry, Arithnietic,
Logic, Rhetoric, Oratory, Grammar.
Not more than two months' vacation allowed to the
•students in one ycnr. Every Eridav to be set apart
for purifications and religious worship. The .•-alaries
of the preceptors and officers to be — Head Preceptor,
400 rupees per month; first .Assistant, 100; secoiui
ditto, 80 , third ditto, 60 ; fourth ditto, 30.
IC]
I'lach studc
iince of 15, I
to his class.
hy the comin
ployed in thi
In a voluMi
view of the
tion, the latte
year 1818, a p
rupees. 30,0
the ('ollcge oi
institution (!'
the lands whi
endowment,
pj-ice every
College.
In 1827, th(
Mathematics
tilted. The
Khetoric, Phil
Medicine. In
Skeletons and
provided. All
vernment were
tlie College, an
aecjuired the E
dials of good c
of Students 99
iiennren Hn
Jonathan Dune
1791, as a mca
country, some
venues yielded
expense for th«
In the foUowin
Rs. ; at which r
the present tinu
the preservation
and religion of 1
of their laws) in
it was conceivec
the natives, and
ment among the
The establish
pundit or rector
enjoyed salaries
&c. The Gover
and the resident
the foundation, j
who were to rec(
was open to all ;
instruction : the
places during the
feasors, except tl
mins. The Brali
to the office of
e.taminations in
(lent. Each proi
use of his studen
Kxaminations int
ledge to be ma
Courses of stud)
The internal disc
We to the Dheri
cation.
The prescribed
eomprehend,
Theology, Ritu
^bisic. Mechanic
l.cxicugraphv, M:
History, Ethics, 1
It «ffl
'' |f||
niNliOSTAN.— EUIJCATION— COLLFXiKS HKNO.M,
303
Each student in thn five classes to receive an allow-
mice of IT), 10, H, 7, or r> rupees per moiitli, nceonling
to his class. The number of students to he regulated
by the committee, and all surplus funds to be cm-
nlnyed in the purclinsn of books.
Ill a voluminous report in Isl',), of n retrospective
view of the resources and cxiieniliture ol the institu-
tiiiri, the latter amounted, from the year 171)4 to the
year IHIH, a period of 25 years, to the sum of 4,l»4,iy7
rupees. 30,000 rupees per annum, is now graiitcd to
the ("ollepe out of the public treasury, instead of the
institution depending up^in the uncertain product! of
the lands which were originally granted to it as an
t'liilovvuient. Tlie public examinations which take
pine every year, demonstrate the progress of the
College.
In 1827, the study of Arabic, Mahcunedan Law, and
Mathematics was extended, and a Medical class insti-
tuted. The examination* were in Arabic, i igic,
liln'toric. Philosophy, Euclid, Arithmetic, Algebra and
Medicine. In 182K, an Knglish Class was established ;
Skeletons and Anatomical Models and Surgical works
provided. All applications for Law olliccs vnider Go-
vernment were to be accompanied by certificates from
the College, and a preference given to those who hail
acquired the Lnglish language and produced testimo-
nials of good conduct in the College. In lH,'i(i, No.
of Students 'J'J ; examined 85.
Ikiinn's Hindoo Sanscrit Colla^f, established by
Jonathan Duncan, Ksq., the resident at Benares in
1791, as a means of employing, beneficially for the
country, some part of a surplus which the public re-
venues yielded over their estimated amount. The
expense for the first year was limited to 14,000 lis.
Ill the following year it was augmented to 20,000
Rs, ; at which amount it has been contniued down to
the present time. The object of this institution was
the preservation and cultivation of the laws, literature
and religion of the Hindoos, (and more particularly
of their laws) in their sacred city ; a measure which
it was conceived would be equally advantageous to
the natives, and honourable to the British Govern-
ment among them.
The establishment originally consisted of a head
pundit or rector ; eight professors ; nine students who
enjoyed salaries; with book-keepers, writers, peons.
Sec. The Governor-General was constituted visitor,
and the resident his deputy. Besides the scholars on
the foundation, and a certain number of poor children
who were to receive inst.' _ticn gratis, the institution
was open to all persons who were willing to pay for
instruction : the teachers and students to bold their
places during the pleasure of the visitor. All the pro-
lissois, except the professor of Medicine, to be Brah-
mins. The Brahmins to hive preference in succession
to the ofiice of rector, or to professorships. Four
examinations in the year to be held before the resi-
dent. F.ach professor to compose annually for the
use of his students, a lecture on his respective science.
Kxaminations into the most .sacred branches of know-
ledge to be made by a committee of Brahmins.
(bourses of study to be prepared by the professors.
The internal discipline to be in all respects conforma-
We to the Dhcrma Shastra, in the chapter on edu-
cation.
The prescribed course of studies in this college to
comprehend,
Theology, Ritual, Medicine including Botany, &c.,
Music, Mechanic Arts, Grammar, Prosody, and Sacred
lexicography. Mathematics, Metaphysics, Logic, Law,
History, Ethics, Philosophy, and Poetry.
77(<! Cdlrutln Himitiu Sniixfiil Ciilli'fir, dates its
establishment from 1821. Fur the su|)port of this in-
stitution, the annual sum of .'JO, 000 rupees has been
allowed l)y Govriunent, and 1,20,000 rupees has also
been allotted for the erection of acollegi". The estab-
lishment consists of 14 Pundits, a Librarian and ser-
vants, 100 scholars on the foundation, and a Secre-
tary.
The Sinn of 1,200 rupees is reserved for distribution
in |)rizes at the public examination, and a school for
Hindoo children is coiuieeted with the college.
In 182.'<, the Bengal (iovernmeilt formed a General
Committee (if I'lililie Innlrurtion at Ciilrntla, for the
promoting of education and of the improvement of
the morals of the natives of India.
The animal sum of one lac of rupees, which, by the
5,'< Geo. HI., c. 155, was appropriated to the iiurposes
of education, was placed at tbeirdisposal. The schools
at Cbinsiirab, Kajpootana, and Bhaugulpore, were
placed under the controul of this committee, and the
separate grants which had been made to those schools,
amounting together to l(i, 800 rupees perannum, were
discontinued from the 1st January, 1824.
The total amount placed at the disposal of the
(ieneral Committee of Public Instruction in the years
from 1821-22 to 1825-C) was, S. R. 4,78,400.
A^ra Cotle<fe. — In 1822, the Governor-General in
Council sanctioned the institution of a college at
Agra ; the sum of 42,501 Rs. was for the erection of
the college ; an expenditure of 15,420 Rs. authorised,
and the number of students in the college was, in
182r), 117; 1827, 210; in 1830, 203; ot' whom 73
received stipendiary allowances.
Delhi CoUese, similar to the foregoing by its adap-
tation to useful instruction. In 1827, the number of
students was 204; in Ih2S, I'JK; and in 182'.», 152;
the reduction l>eing owing to a discouragement of
pecuniary or stipendiary grants to pui)ils.
I'iil'ibiijn or An'j:U)-lmlian Collei^e. — "This highly
interesti'\7 and promising institution," it is stated,
" owes Its origin to the intelligence and public spirit
of some of the oiiuknt native gentlemen of Calcutta,
who associated together in ISifi, ami subscribed a
capital sum of Rs. 1,13,17'J, to found a seminary for
the instruction of the sons of Hindoos in the Eu-
ropean and -Asiatic languages and sciences." It was
placed under the superintendence of the General
Committee, as the condition of pecuniary aid, to the
amount of 300 rupees ))cr month, for house-rent,
aH'orded to it out of the F.ducation Fund. This in-
stitution has a growing popularity and decided supe-
riority, on its present footing, over any other affording
tuition to the natives in the English language; a
select library of books has been sent from England,
and some additional philosophical apparatus. The
number of scholars, all male, is stated at 200; and so
long, the committee add, as such a number, all re-
spectably conixected, "can be trained, in useful know-
ledge and the English language, a greit improvement
may be confidently anticipated in the intellectual cha-
racter of the principal inhabitants of Calcutta." In
order to secure the continued attendance of the more
jjiomising pupils, and to enable them to complete
their course of study, a limited number of scholarships
has been endowed by the Government. The number
of pupils were in January, 182'"), I'jfi; in 1827, 372;
July, 182C), 280; 1828, 437 (of whom 100 received
gratuitous education). The number is still on the
increase.
I<'.n<ilish Cnlle^r, — The Governnient ."auctioned the
establi^>linKnt of a ili-itiiiet lin^li.'-h Volln^e, for the
Wm
|> n
^if' Ml
304
HINDOSTAN.— EDDCATION-nKNGAL.
in
¥V
luliiiissjon of « certain nunibcr of the t,ioie advatiecd
|iu|>ils from the Iliiuloo and Mnhommednn colK'j^cs,
for gratuitous instrucHon in literature and science, hy
means of the Knglish lunsunRe ; for which purpose
the Kducation fund could ulford an income of Rs.
24,000 per annum.
The liixlmii's Collfge, near Cnlnittn. — A grant of
land, of about L'O acres, was made by the Government
in India for the purposes of the Colle'.;e, to which a
farther grant has since been lUiide. It stands about
three miles below Calcut'n, in a fine situation, on the
opposite bank of the river Hooghly, which is then'
much wider than the Thntnes at London. The spot is
prculinrly favourable for privacy and retirement ; and
" the scenery is such," Bishop Middletoii ol)scrves,
" as to gratify and soothe the mind."
The foundation stone of the college was laid, on
the l.')th of December, lHi>(), hy IVishop Middleton.
The Inc'irporated Society for the I'ropiigatiou of the
Gospel in Foreign Parts, transmitted to Dr. Miildlcton
the sum of .'),00()/. to enable him to commence the
work ; .'),000/. were contributed by the Society for
Promoting Christian Knowledge ; .1, 000/. more were
voted by the Church Missionary Society ; and the
British and Foreign Bible Society had added ."i.OOO/.
This sum of 20,ii0()/. was augmented by collections in
nil the churches in England and Wales, in consetpience
of a "King's Letter," which amounted to 45,000/.,
with which the building hi\s been completed.
The college consists of three piles of buildings, in
the plain Gothic style. 'J'hese buildinis form three
sides of a quadrangle; the fourth, orsinth side, being
open to the river, which in that pi'rt flows nearly from
E. to W. The pile which fronts the river consists of
the chapel college to the K , divided by a tower from
the hall and library on the \V. The buildings on the
E. and \V. sides of the quadrangle contain the ajjart-
ments for a princiiial and two professors, with lecture
rooms and rooms for the students. The whole is
formed on the plan of combining comfort and conve-
nience with an elegant simplicity.
Bishop's College is under the immediate direction
of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ;
but the statutes are so framed as to afford opportunity
both to the Government in India and to the religious
societies connected with the Church of England, of
obtaining, under certain regulations, the benefits of
the college for such students as they may place there.
For the regular supply of students, the Society for
the Propagation of the Gosjicl has adopted the mea-
sure stated in the following extract from a late report :
— "Ten theological scholarships and ten lay scholar-
ships have been formed hy the society for native or
European youths educated in the principles of Chris-
tianity; and 'lie sum of 1,000/. per annum has been
appro|)riatrd to this special purpose. The ordinary
ago of admission is 14.
The Christian Knowledge Society assists in this
plan of scholarship ; having placed the sum of 6,000/.
at the disposal of the Gospel Propagation Society for
the purpose of endowing five scholarships, to be called,
in memory of the founder of the college, " Bishop
Middleton's Scholarships." This grant is also in-
tended to provide a salary for a Tamul teacher in the
college, that being the language chiefly used in the
society's missions.
The Church Missionary Society voted a grant of
1,000/. per annum for several years, on account of
the importance of the institution, and of the co-ope-
ration it afforded to their department of labour in
India.
In iMMf), the Directors of Bishop's College had up.
wards of .50,000/. in the 34 per cents., as a fund
towards the sup|)ort of that institution. There aru
upon that foundation a principal, two professors,
eight missionaries, two catechists, and a printer.
The College Council consists of three professors,
and attached to the college arc four European nns.
sionaries.
The foregoing abstract of the colleges in Bengal is
suflicii'iit to convey an idea of the good inteutious oi
the (lovernment iii furthering education. There nn.'
vurious iirnuary and elementary schools ; viz. at Chin.
surah, where there are 1,'JOO scholars; at Ajuiecr, in
which school there are 200 boys; Boglipoor mImhI,
131 jiiipils ; Cawnpore, 75 scholars; Allahabad, ;ii)
ditto (it is proposed to establish an English coIIclic iit
Allahabad] ; Dacca, 25 schools and 1,414 pu|iils;
Mynpoory College, Etawab,40; Bareilly, 131 scliinU,
300 seminaries, with 3,000 pupils; and an estaljlisliod
colh'ge, with 50 students. The following statement
res|)ecting Bareilly is full of interest: —
In 1827, the local agents in Bareilly, Messrs. S. M.
Boulderson, J. Davidson, and C. Bradford, were k.
quired to report " what schools, colleges, or seminaries
of any description whatever, existed in the towns or
villages" of that district. In reply, they infornioij
the Education Committee, that in the town of Bareilly
there were 101 schools in which Persian was taught,
and 20 ni which the children of the Malinjiies wtru
taught accounts ; besides which there were 1 1 per'-uns
who taught Arabic, and two who taught the siii mt
of uiedicine; that in the villages round about Darcillv
there were nine Hindu schools and 1.3 Persian ; aiiil
it) other parts of the district IDS Persian and lo.i
Hindu schools.
" In these schools," the local agents obsene, "science
of any sort is rarely studied. Works in the Persian
language, such as the Bostan, Golistan, Zalicka, iMad-
hnoram Aboolfuzul, Secundernameh,Tusba Klioolcplii,
Bahardani.sli, are read with a view to facility in writing
Persian ; besides this, the scholars are instructed in
the sim])lest rules of arithmetic. In the colleges, the
works read are in the Arabic language. The course
of study includes Surf, Neho, Mautick, Laws of Com-
position, Fikha Kikmut, tmder which are itichicttd
medicine, mathematics, and natural philosophy, the
Buddus, and the explanations of the Khoran; hiMdes
these, there are schools in which the children of Ma-
hajans and those intended for putwarries are taught
accounts ; those who study the Hindoo sciences read
the Vedas, the Shastres, the Poorans, Benknm Jotuh
Cbelum Niu-yul, Ojoosh Bed, Memansa, Ncari. Wt
have not heard that there are any establishments fur
such scholars in the villages.
" In the schools in which Persian is taught, the
boys read manuscript copies of the different books,
and learn to write on boards.
" Hindoos and Mussulmans have no scruples nhont
reading together. The teachers are almost always
Syeds, Sheiks, Moguls, Patans or Kaits.
" The teachers are paid from three to seven rupees
p. inonth by the person at whose house they sit ; they
also get their meals twice a day ; and surance, that is,
a kubba, razaee, toshak and bolaposh. Kubba and
razee are regularly given every year, whether the old
one be worn out or not ; the tushak and bolaposh are
sometimes given, sometimes not. Summer clothing
is also sometimes given, but rarely. Those who do
not pay a teacher for attending at their own houses,
send their children to the houses of those who entertain
one, and pay the teacher from four anas to one rupee
monthly, a
master get
offerings,
boy, froir
' ughazee '
hook, from
presented
The hoys bi
but seldom
sometimes
upon the
Those who
and 15, nc'
on the cont
some persor
of the ma'
Scluiols in
material re.«
Arabic havi
tanee residi
in the same
is considerec
students, u
towns are w
the villages,
hy public gr
300 clement
ceptors recei
Heiwen."
There are!
in Kidderpo
Nuddea, Raji
pupils of hot
tricts, under
cutta; Sylhe'
of regular sc
narics. The
their respect
tallied by the
By the Lon
tions, Bengali
1.'). At Chin
himpore, Ben
At liemtirs, I
rieti/ : at Cdli
girls, 22;— 2
for boys, 4 ; I
The follow!
General Comi
sidency of Foi
A^iu Culle)
tians, 31 Mah
Ajmere. — >
Mussulmen, a
AUahahad.-
28 Mahomme
Bareilly. — .
No. of schola
Hindus.
Benares En
131 Hindus, I
cost of buildi
10,000 were
and the rest h
Benares S.v
Bliusulpuur
CALCUTTA.
dents, 49.
Hindu Colli
whom are pn
niainder by th
lilNDOSTAN— EDUCATION. HKNGAI,.
.'lOft
s Colk'gi; had up.
cents., as a fuiid
:ution. Thpre aru
, two prot'essora,
nd a printer,
three professors,
jr European mis.
legos in Hrnpnl i,
;i)i>d intentidiis oi
■ation. Thrrc are
lols; viz. at Clijii.
irs ; at Ajini'cr, in
Hogllpoiir scliuiii,
s ; Allahahnd, .iii
I'^nglisll coiif;;f ut
nd 1,414 pupils ;
reilly, I'M sclimU,
and an wtahllshcd
Mowing stateirieiit
t:—
illy, Messrs. S. M.
Iradford, were re.
cges, orsemiiiariis
.1 in the towns or
ly, they inl'ornioil
le town of Hnreilly
Tsian was taiiglit,
le Malinjiins wire
re were 1 1 persons
:aught the scii nee
und ahoiit Ikrcilly
d l.'< Persian ; aiiij
Persian and lo.i
sohsene, "science
)rks in the Persian
:an, Z;ilii:l<B, Mad-
,Tusha Khfelcefa,
I facility in writing
are instructed in
the colleges, the
c. The course
Laws of Com-
ich arc includid
philosophy, the
Khoran ; hoidcs
children of .Ma-
rries are taught
oo sciences read
Heiil\;am Jotuh
sa, Ni'iui. \Vo
ablishments fur
is tauglit, the
dili'crent books,
o scruples about
almost always
ts.
to seven rupees
5e they sit ; they
surance, that is,
sh. Kubba and
whether the old
nd bolaposli are
ummer clothiii!;
Those who do
eir own houses,
se who entertain
as to one rupee
ck.
monthly, nccording to their means; besides this, the
master gets other perrpiisiics, such a.s 'junnnajee'
otIVrings, presented on Thursday evenings by each
boy, from four gundahs to one and five anas ;
'iiyhazee' ollVrings, presented on l)ei;inning a new
hook, from five anas to one and a half rupee; ' e<lic,'
presented on hcdidnys, from one ana to one rupee.
The hoys begin to stiiily at six years of ai^v. sometimes,
but seldom till L'O ; in the colleges, from 14 to 2.^,
sometimes HO, sometimes much less, it depending
upon the talents and inclination of the students.
Those who learn Persian, viz. boys till the age of 14
and l."), never remain under the roof of the master;
on the contrary, he generally attends at the house of
some persou or other, where he instructs the children
of the master of the house, and those of others.
Schools in which accounts are taught differ in no
material respect from Persian ones. Those who teach
Arabic have sometimes pupils who come from a dis-
tance residing under their roof; but those who live
in the same town remain in their parents' house. It
is considered improper to take any thing from Arabic
students, unless from necessity. The schools in the
towns are well attended in comparison with those of
the villages. We have heard of no schools supported
by public grants." In Delhi district there are aboiit
300 elementary schools, in several of which the pre-
ceptors receive no pay, but teach " i^ratiii, in hupe of
Heaven."
There are a great variety of other colleges and schools
in Kidderpore, Buidwan, Moorshedabad, Hooghly,
Nuddea, Rajishaye, Calcutta Henevolent r3chools ('^50
pupils of both sexes) ; infant schools in various dis-
tricts, under the Committee of Management at Cal-
cutta ; Sylhet, Chittagong, lieaspoor, &c., independent
of regular schools, and private or missionary semi-
naries. The missionary societies maintain schools at
their respective stations. The following are main-
tained by them under this Presidency : —
By the London Society. — At Calcutta and out-sta-
tions, Bengallee schools, for boys, 1 1 ; for girls, 4 ; —
13. At Chinmrah, Bengallee, for boys, 2. At lier-
hanpore, Bengallee, for boys, 1 ; for girls, 1 ; — 2.
At Iknairs, Hindu, for boys, 4. By the Haylist So-
net ij : at Calcutta and out-stations, for boys, 2 ; for
girls, 22 ; — 24. At Cutira, for girls, 4. At Sewrij,
for boys, 4 ; for girls, 4 ; — 8.
The following is an abstract from a Report of the
General Committee of Public Instruction of the Pre-
sidency of Fort William, in Bengal, for the year ls3G.
A^ia College.. — No. of pupils, 22.3 ; viz. 33 Chris-
tians, 31 Mahommedans, and l.')'.* Hindus.
Aj.iiere. — No. of scholars, 218 ; viz. 20() Hindus, 9
Mussulman, and 3 Christians.
Allahabad. — No. of scholars, 122; viz. 85 Hindus,
28 Mahommedans, and 9 Christians.
Bareilly. — At present nothing t:uight but English.
No. of scholars, CO; viz. 9 Mahommedans, and 51
Hindus.
Benares English College. — No. of pupils, 142 ; viz.
131 Hindus, 10 Mahommedans, and 1 Christii-.i. Total
cost of building new college, 14,156 rupees, of which
10,000 were contributed by the General Committee,
and the rest by subscription.
Benares Sanscrit College. — No. of scholars, 222.
Bhugulpuur Uill School. — No. of scholars, 79.
CALCUTTA. — Medical College. — Stipendiary stu-
dents, 49.
Hindu Cutlcgp—ToM No. of pupils, 469 ; 392 of
whom are provided for by the parents, and the re-
mainder by the college.
R It
Miihiimnu'dan College, — In IH37, there were A'i
paid, and 72 unpaid students.
Sanskrit College, — Present No. of scholars, 122; of
whom 57 are pay scholars, receiving a monthly pay of
.') or H rupees ; and 05 out-students, getting no stipend
fnnn (Jovernment.
Dacca Schoid. — There are in this seminary 119 pu-
pils, of whom 134 are Hindus, 8 Mahommedans, and
7 Christians.
Delhi Oriental College. — Arabic students, 45 ; Per-
sian students, 64 ; Sanskrit department, 35.
h'crrucliiihad .School. — No. of scholars, 30 ; of whom
28 are liitidus, and the other 2 Mahommedans.
Delhi h^ngtinh College.— ^o, of scholars lOH ; viz.
74 Hindus, 27 Mahommedans, and 7 Christians.
tiairahalti School. — There are 13<') pupils in this
school, of whom 91 are Hindus, 43 Mahommedans,
and 2 Christians.
Ghazeepimr School — There are 57 scholars in this
institution, of whom 5 arc Christians, 10 Mahomme-
dans, and <t2 Hindoos.
GoruckiKior, — There are 53 ]>upils, of whom 25 are
Hindoos, 21 Mahommedans, and seven Christians.
Mohammed Muhsin's College, Hoogy. — There are
1,013 students belonging to the English department
of the College, of whom 31 arc Mahonunedans, 34
Cln-istiuns, ami the rest Hindoos. In the Arabic and
Persian Classes, there are 197 students, of whom 138
are Mahommedans, and 81 Hindoos.
Hiishungahad. — There are 20 pupils, of whom four
are Mahommedans, one a Christian, and the rest
Hindoos.
Tuhhulpore. — There are 17 pupils in the English
department, and 64 in the Hindoo class.
Mautmein. — There are 107 i)upils, of whom 42 are
Christiiins, 40 Buddhists, seven Hindoos, and one
Mahomincdan, and the religion of tlie remainder is
not known.
Meerut. — There are at present in this school, 21
Christians, 33 Mahommedans, and 52 Hindoos.
Midnapnor, — There are now 55 students in this
school.
Murshedahnd College. — There are 80 students in
the English department, of whom 58 are Mahomme-
dans, 21 Hindoos, and one Christian. In the oriental
department, there are 88 pupils, of whom 82 are Ma-
hommedans, and the rest Hindoos. Monthly income
of the College, 1,666 ru|)ees.
I'atna. — There are 102 pupils in this seminary, of
whom 15 are Christians, 16 Mahommedans, and 71
Hindoos.
Bajohahi. — There are at present 98 receiving in-
struction.
Saugor, — There are 205 Hindoos, and 1 1 Mahom-
medans in this school.
It is worthy of remark, that when the pupils of the
different schools, have to pay for tlKir own hooks,
they are much more regular in their attendance, than
if they had them gratis.
A medical college at Calcutta (the project and plan
of which was laid by me before Lord W. Bentinck, in
1828, but rejected at the time by the Supreme Go-
vernment, lest Hindoo prejudices should be otfended)
is now in full operation, and producing much good.
State of Education at .Miidras. The reports in de-
tail from this Presidency are not numerous, but to
compensate in some measure, we have a more com-
plete return than from any other Presidencies relative
to the males and females at each school, distinguish-
ing the Hindoo from the Mussulman scholars as
follows :
id
i
■'^'iii
:tii'i
MlNhOSTAN.-KDtlCATION MADKAS.
Mute of Riliirttlnn iiiulcr the MnitruH |>rviihlrii<->, (lixtlnKHlnhliiit the iiinnher of «'(ille(e« ami Hchuoln ,
thi' lliiidoo Imiii the MuhhiiImioii HchohirH, uiiil the Male from llie Kenmle l'ii|ilU.
Iniiii (loveriiinent Kitiirim In iMilt);.
i\* '
\\
t . !
Districts.
Ciaiijnni
VIzagApatiim
lliijuhiminilry
MHsulipHtnm
tiiintoor
Nelliirc
lU-lliiry
CiKldupah
Chliiglcpiit ..
Arcot, N. Div,
Arcot, S. Div.
Sniein
Tniijoro
'I richino|ioly
Madiiia
Tinncvrllv ..
Coimhatorc . .
Cniiarn
Malabar
.scriu)j:a|iatain
Madrai)
Ilii.
lino Sohol.ut.
Mu*«iilroitu Rcholari.
Tulal.
UchnoU and Cullcge*.
Mule.
i'cmalc.
Totttl.
Total.
MiUe.
Keniale
Male.
Kcmulo,
Total.
rSrhooln .. .. a.ift
iCdIIi'kch .. ,, none
'JO;m
la
2050
27
27
2965
12
2977
f Schools .. yii
tC'ollcKes .. .. none
(131.1
303
116 18
07
—
i»7
9112
303
9715
(ScIiomIk ,. .. api
1 Cnii.'neH .. .. a;o
•j.mo
37
2fin6
5J
—
52
2^'l
•■•7
2(l.-iH
14.14
1 114
—
—
—
I4/>I
1151
/ SehoolH ,. 4HI
\t'olli'>,'es .. .. 1!)
i77f'
31
4N06
275
9
877
50511
33
.Kis.l
IIMI
MID
—
199
—
ll»«
f.Schooln .. 571
\ ColK'neK .. .. none
7;i(H
vo
7461
257
3
■tdo
7622
102
77a 1
f SrhoiilH .. .. HUl
l Colli'tceH .. ., none
6'.) Id
.15
70(10
617
3
620
7.163
58
76.'i
f Selioolii .. ,, J;);i
\ tdlleiri's . . , . none
A33N
60
63yH
243
—
243
6581
Oil
6(iil
(■ Schools ,. 4114
1 I ColkKes . . , , none
.1.111
107
.1658
341
1
312
5892
108
6iiiin
r Schools .. ., Auri
I San--rrlt .. .. .11
t)|l4 1
116
7057
IHtt
—
18tf
7127
116
7243
r Schools .. .. (ind
\ ColU'ircs ,. .. (Ik
71 lU
41
7IHI
512
11
563
rm
52
7741
r .Schools . . , . h/i
\ Colleges . . . . none
10167
104
ioa7i
252
-
•.'52
10410
104
10,12:1
fSrhoolH .. .. :I8(I
I Colleges .. •. none
4ino
31
411)1
432
27
4.19
4.102
r>8
4650
f Schools ,. .. Hg|
\ Colleges . . loy
irt4().i
184
166411
933
—
933
17428
154
17.1K2
;tii»
76fl
—
—
—
,-6:)
—
'liH
(•Schools .. 700
\ Colleges . . . , \)
DSOI
84
!I5H5
690
56
746
10K.H
140
Ki.MI
131
—
l:tl
—
—
—
131
—
l.ll
(■Schools .. .. 881
1 1 iilleges . . . none
l<J5D-i
105
126:10
1147
—
1147
13676
105
137HI
r Schools . . ti<)7
(.Colleges .. .. none
846a
115
H57i)
7t)6
2
798
925H
110
VV7
/.Schools .. .. (i;;)
I Colleges . . .. 173
7HI2
82
■HIM
312
—
312
8121
82
H'idrt
7J4
—
724
—
—
—
724
—
721
r No statement of the
l No. of Schools.
1
r Schools .. ., 7;p
l Colleges .. .. 1
8/6/"
lllfiH \
<JH:l5
31(j6
1IJ2
43 IK
1 liifi;i
'JK.IO
Ml,-|
7!>
75
—
—
—
75
—
75
f Schools . . . . 41
1. Colleges .. .. none
527
14
541
86
—
86
613
14
627
r Schools . . , . 3()S
\ Charity ditto .. 17
49(ifi
127
50!)3
143
—
143
A mo
127
5J:lrt
404
49
453
lU
—
10
414
49
4(i:i
Children rec. piiv. tui-
tion at homo
24756
517
25273
1600
—
16U0
26446
517
26yfl3
Total Schools . . r.MflS
1717,-6
Total Scholars
3313 '
1 75080
12334
1227
13561
184110
4540
1886.1(1
A summary of the rc|)ort states, thnt tlio schools
are for the most part supported by tiip pcojjU' wiio
send their ehildieii to them for iiistructinii, the rate
(if |)ayinent for each schohir varyiiif; in dilferiut dis-
tricts, and, accor(hng to tiie circumstances of the pa-
rents of the pupils, viz. from one ana (three-lialf-
pence) to four rupees (eight shillings) a mouth, the
ordinary rate of the poorer classes heing geueridly
four anas, and seldom exceeding cigiit amn. 'i'iiere
are endowed schools, or teachers, in the following
districts : —
Riijiiiiiiiiiitnj. — (')9 teachers of the sciences, endowed
with land, and l.T receiving allowances iii money.
ydluri'. — Several Brahnuns and Mussulmans re-
ceiving 1,407 rupees prr annum for teaching the
\ edas, Arabic, and Persian.
Arciit. — 28 colleges and six Persian schools.
Sulcni. — 20 teachers of Theology, and one Mussul-
man school.
Ttinjore. — 77 colleges and 44 schools, supported by
lli^ Highness the ilujali.
Ti irhinojw/ij. - Seven schools,
M'llitliiir. — One college.
Kudowments for purposes of education in otlni
districts have unfortunately been appiupriatid to
other purposes.
The Missionary Soeiffies maintain the followiii";
schools, under the Presidency : —
The Ldvdiiu Sniii'tij. — At M'lilnm, and out stations,
Tamil, for boys, 14 ; girls, 2 ; boys and girls, 2—18.
TrifHtssvov — Tamil, boys and girls, 2 ; English, hoys
and girls, 2 — I. rizin^uimtain — Teloogoo. boys ami
girls, II. CuiUiipnh — Teloogoo, boys and girls, 8.
Chiltoor — Teloogoo and Tamil, for boys, 7 ; girls,
1 — 8. Biliiuiim, and out stations — Mahratta and
Tamil, for hoys, 7 ; for girls, 1— H. lU'llniy—Cdun-
rese and Tamil, for boys, 12 ; for girls, 1 — 1.3. Ii<in-
•riiltiie, with out stations — Canarese, Mahratta, Teloo-
goo, and Tamil, for boys, with a few girls, 7. Sileni
— Tamil, Teloogoo, and English, hoys, 7. Conihoco-
mini — Tamil, for hoys, 12; for girls, 1 — l.T. Cnim-
to/oor— Tamil, for buy.s, 5. Nii^ercuil, with out sta-
tioits — Tiini
wiih out St
I— .-il. (J'l
|()— 2». TI
tlnm, I I. Ill
\ coinmi
nt MhiIiii'i I
good Ikis nil
SI II If nf h
of this Pi
niotiiig tl
circular Utt
under the
to H'port an
of xcliools it
attending eai
cniidiicfed,
were Kought
these report
the Adawlut
inent a gene
jinvinees of I
iotormation
collectors, on
opinion of the
ami improve
l.st. By a
proved iirinci
llovc nnu'iit
their linprovii
of new sehoo
Government ;
211(1. By tin
such as ' book
tales (distinef
history, and s
Periodical e
be lield with
vNJicn voluntar
to he aceompa
lur pioticiency
niLMit takes ii
cneoiirngeinen'
jiiiiiciples likel
This report
mint of tl;e !
Collcctorships.
Satin' FjIhi
nulilc instituti
cninposed in 1
and natives) 1
that its aggrci
the year ainoi
rupees ; tliat i
puhlications ii
the produce
presses, of whi
specimens are
has under its (
schools and esi
paragraphs : —
" In the ecu
a course of st'
lelt it with a e
consisting of a
matics, and gi
Mahratta schu
zorattee to 42^
of the society
''0)>, aniouiitii
lourse of educ
!||0«I» i
OUI.
male
Tdtnl.
13
*j;ir7
;io:i
»;i.-.
3:1
MI'J
IIM
51N.1
.'iH
rtei
CD
liiiii
lOS
(1()(MI
11(1
7i4;i
.12
7711
104
HIV.'.l
M
4n;Vi
154
140
l(K->
7fi»
lU.I.'ll
1:11
i;trHi
IKJ
!):i;7
K'i
721
ipu
ui.-,i
14
iM^
i2r
4>)
5j:i()
4l):l
517
■jCidi'k)
541) 188(150
till in (iilm
nHiriatc'il to
lie following
It stations,
,'ills, L'— IM.
tigiish, hoys
I), boys ami
mid gills, 8.
■ ; gill*.
uliratta and
try — Cana-
— 13. Bun-
ratta, Tiloo-
s, 7. S dem
Coiiiliiicn-
13. Ciiiiii-
vith out sta-
IIINDOSTAN.— F.mJCATION. nOMHAY.
.107
lioiin — Tumil.for hoyt, -It'i ; fnrjjiiN, I — .'lO. \'i'i/iii>r,
will) out Htntiixi!! — 'l'n>nil, for hoyn, ;')0 ; for (firls,
I — .'il. itiiiliin — .MHlayiiliin, for hoyt, II; for KirN,
10 — 2 J. Till' tl'i'nlfii'in MiHM'tiiirif Smii'li/, — At Mu-
,liiu,\ I. IViiiZ'iliii •',<">■ i\''!!iiiiiiltiini n\\i\ Mrtiiiilliim.H,
A ccimmittcp of piilillc imtriictioii has hciii foriiu'd
at Mailnot on the iiiimIpI of that of IWiiual, iiihI inuch
iroiiil had already hicii alVii'lfd hy tlio saliu'.
Sl'ilf tif Hhifiiliiiti lit Hiiinliii'f — The {liivcnimtnt
lit this I'lcsiilincy has not lit'cii lirliiiid hand in pro-
mcitiii',; the hli'ssin^ of I'ducrttion. In July, HJh, u
liriMilar lettrr was is'^iu'd to the Ncvcral I'ollrctors
iinilir the Iloinbay (lovi'rninciit, callin;,' upon thciii
fii iiport nnniially 'o tin- l''oiijdarry .\ilavvliit th" .No.
(if iciiools in thi'ir cdllectoratc's, the nniiilii'r of hoys
atti'iidint; each, and the iikxIl' in which icliinition was
ciindili'tcd, also the mode in which printed tracts
were (^oiinht after and disposid of. lo October, IHJ'J,
tlusf ii'ports having been received, the lli'i^istrar of
tlie .Sdawlut was instructed to forward to the (iovern-
iiipnt a general report of the state of education in the
jir.ivinces of the Bombay I'rcsideiicy, framed from th ■
iiit'armation conveyeil in the statements of the several
cijilectors, and susi.;esting the means which, in the
o|iiiiiiin of the Judges, were most likely ui promote
;iii(l improve the education of the nat've- .' Indii..
lit. Hy a gradual extension if sitionis on an ':n.
lndMcl principle, either by aH'oriliiig the pi.tronage of
CiiV' iimeiit to native schoolmasters, on conditio. 1 'f
their improving their system, or by the establishment
III new schools in populous places ut the o.pensu of
(iovernment ; and
liiid. By the gratuitous distribution of uat ful bonks
jiich as ' hooks of arithmetic, short histories, moral
tales (distinct from their own false legends), natural
history, and some short voyages and travels.'
Periodical examinations the judges recommend t 1
lie held with caution, as likely to excite alurm, iin .
ulieii voluntarily submitted to by the sclioolmasters,
til be accompanied by liberal rewards to the scholars
iiir piotieicncy, ' as shewing the interest tlie Govern-
ment takes in the proceedings, and as a mode of
iiieouragement which would seem ujion common
|iiinciples likely to be attended with a good result.'
This report is accompanied by the following ' State-
ment of tlie Scliools and Scholars in the dilU'rent
lollectorships.'
Snliri- Kilncittion fiociefy. — ^Thc committee of this
milile institution (voluntarily formed in IHI.'i, and
iiiin|)i)sed in nearly eipial pniportions of Kuropeans
iuul natives) at a meeting, I'-'tli April, 1H31, stated
tliut its aggregate receijits and disbursements williin
the year amounted to lietwcen 70, iO 'Mid 80,00(1
rupees; that it has constantly on : : . ..re than 40
|iublieations in thi' native languages, n.any of them
the prudwce of tl;e Honibay lithographic and other
presses, of which fonuer mode of printing favourable'
specinieiis are apiieiiiled to ll' leports; and that it
liiis under its controul and p :in,^ement the several
sc'liodls and establishme; t^■ u :rilvd in the following
paragraphs : —
" In the central school 2."i0 boys have been through
a course of .st'idy in the English language: 50 ha\e
kit it with a competent knowledge of the languagt,
Liinsistiiig of an ac(piaintance with geography, inatlie-
iimtics, and geometry. In Bombay, the boys in the
Miiimitta school have lunountcd to li."i4, and in Guz-
zpiattee to 427. At present, there are altogetlier .'id
ul the society's schools, each containing about t'lO
''ev>, amounting in tlu' wholi' to 3,000 boys under a
ii'iirse of education."
This report contain* the fol'owin^ further parti
culars ; —
" Your committee observe that the Ixiys who have
made the greatest progrcs in the Kngli«b schools are
the Hindoos ; they are lell longer in the schools by
thi'ir parents than other boys, who, though eipially
intelligent and fpiick, are mure irregular in their
iittendunce. fi'W or no Mahomedan boys ever enter
the schools."
In iMjCp, there were in the .Society'* scho(d at
Bombay 3(17 boys lio<inlfrs, and 2'-'h girls ditto ; and
there were of day scholars, JtiH (Ihristinns and 472
natives. In Siirat school 3 1,'hrislians and 4S natives,
and the regular schools |m3 pupils.
There is a Hindoo college at I'oona, at which pre-
miums are awarded to the most deservim; students.
.\n admirable Kngineer College has been fnrnud at
Bombay, at which, according to the latest return,
there were H(i students entertained and Instructed.
Schools anil Scholars at Uombay.
Ii;,itrlet».
Ouzzerai
I'"'- in ...
.\'. . ^.ibuitTK"
( -"iliUh....
(>■■.*.
i ■) oach
Kulra
I. AliniciUiliiiil
\orth. Coni
Siintliern uit
Darwar .. .,
5
4
a
!l
3
•2
:l
•i
I
«
?5
v;ia
50
u«
75
157
I a;
IMH
31
I.'
1:11
;)iii
lOil
IHHl
34
H-i\
NHJ
1:151
3h5
303'
3i)ii,:
mill
4ll<ls
l)(l7
:iii3t
6rnii
41<J(i
■;i8
H
f2
:iii!l
4!) 17
IflH
3138
III
Kilijl
lil»
41'il
3(1
III 13
H4
31N1
01
3353
137
3(i7H
383
(i7--'l
304
4'.'!M>
I7U5 3515U
* Master paiil by government.
In May, 1830, the Kibication Society reported 2;')
•hoolmasters (II Mahrattas mid l-J (iu/ztMatteesi,
ready to commenee their duties as teachers in the
various schools in the Deccan, in (iiizzer«t, and in
the two C:oncaiis. They had aeipiired an accurate
knowledge of their own languages, and were so far
acipiainted with the higher branches of the mathema-
tics as fti entille them to be considered teachers of the
second ord(T. Stations wer^.' pniposed lor them by
the Society, to which they were sent by the Govern-
ment.
In \H2i), there were 41 students ((uittiiig the insti-
tution to enter on professional employment, of whom
there were — Kuropeans, 7 ; Midiiatta, .(2 ; tuizzerat-
tee, f>. Mathematical instruments, .Sec are supplied
by the V,. I. Company.
The following very coiidcn.scd abstract, relative to
the number of the schools under the Bombay Presi-
dency mceording to circuhir (pieries in 1H2:')J and the
mode in which the teacher is remunerated, will be
lierused with much interest.
[Tlif iriili'r ilrii:nii:s nf fiirtluT Infonnatidn on thn
stitti' (1/ ciliinilinii in hi'lin, irill find many di'tiiUs
in rol. i., .ii'ri')iil rilitiim, 0/ /oy " Hintury of tlif Ui itish
l^iiliniirs," iind in my " Cidnnint l.ihniry." Some re-
turns h.ue been ordered to be prepared b'' Pnrliament,
whieli will In I'l mul in the .\ppendix.J
♦ 1^
li
i ■
i
KM
■}
WU^^Btfi
hk
u
^B
BHm
-
^Hl
'
iHBi
•1!i
• i: ;
.'iOS
HINDOSTAN— EDUCATION. ROMRAY.
Official Returns (Abstract) of the Schools under the Bombay Presidency.
Districts.
Ahincdabad.
Number of Schools and Scholars
Schools.
City . .
Villages
Concan
21
f,3
84
Scholars.
Kaira Dist. . .
Kaira Sudder
Station . .
Concan
Surat Zillah.
(exclusive
of alienated
villages) .
Zurat Town..
Broach Zillah
86
(;")8 ill private
dwellings, niid 2h
ill temples).
139
badly conducted
The education
does not extend
beyond the rudi-
ments of read-
ing, writing, and
arithmetic.
9
Government
Charitable .
Hindoo . .
Mahom . .
139
Broach Town
Hindoo .
I'undits
Mahom .
Moollas .
In Cusbas
Villages
42
18
20
5f)
13
8
IC
Brahmins
Ditto . .
Wannees
Kombees
17 other
castes
In Goga .
408
lOHO
534
480
157
Total 2r),'-)l
l.'')00
of all castes
including
5(')7 Brahmins
and no girls.
seldom more
than 100 boys
ill each school,
in general much
less.
230
average number
of all classes.
390
120
90
100 1
80 J
avernpe about
3000.
Allowances to Schoolmasters, and from what
Source derived.
..The manner of remunerating teachers is exceedinglv
various, each village having a mode peculiar to itself. Tlit-
more general practice is for each hoy to present daily nboiit
a handful of Hour. A sum of from one to live rupees is
also usually paid on his leaving school. The parents also
pay about one rii])ee and a half on the boy being perfect in
the first 15 lessons. A similar sum on his aetpiiring a
perfect knowledge of the alphabet, and another simila. uin
when he is able to write, to cast up accounts, and to draw
out bills of exchange. The office of schoolmaster is gene-
rally hereditary.
. . Pecuniary payments, amounting to about four rupees n
month upon an average (a salary which is stated to be
perfectly inadecpiate for elficient instruction) ; it is also
customary in Hindoo schools, for each child to give two
nutwars of rice per month, and the shewoo pice, or two
pice, to the teachers on every great Hindoo holiday ; but
this custom is not invariably observed.
. . The boys daily, when they (|uit the school in the evening,
present a handful of grain, seldom exceeding a quartfi- of a
seer ; and, when they finally leave the school, make the
master a present of two or three rupees. Boys of respect-
able fa miles also give half a rupee on first entering the
school, and on day.s of ceremony send him a meal of grain
and ghee. They also s<imetimes beg for him from respeet-
able visitors. Total of income between 40 and 100 rupees.
..The office confined in Brahmins, though not hereditary.
They receive generally seven seers of grain monthly from
the parents of each boy, and five rupees in cast when he is
withdrawn from school.
2222
f)6
471
287
Not stated.
373
Rs.
per
Fixed pay from Government \)cr month .
Ditto from American Missionary Society
Various allowances from Parents between
Rs. 40 and 3. 3.
. .Total Emoluments :
Flour Rrs. 915 1 ni
Cash .... 4,122 19 to 5,052 2 ID
Service lands 135 3 o
f.O
26
month,
Total Rs.
5,ir)3 2 80 to 6,103 2 HO
F,ach master receives about 60 rupees per annum, lor 50
boys in grain and money.
In the townships they receive their recompense chielly
from the parents. There are, in some cases, fi.\ed allnw-
ance.s of from 30 to 70 rupees. In others a daily present
of one (juarter of a seer of grain, and pnynients in inoiicy
upon the scholars attaining to a certain state of proficicney.
In the villages the mode of remuneration is usually similar
to that adopted in the townships ; but the fixed aniinal
allowances are as low as 20 rupees, and scarcely ever
exceed 50 rupees.
..The schoolmaster's allowances are derived from the pa-
rents of the children, and consist of a sn all rpiantity of
grain daily presented by the pupil. A few pice in the eourso
of the month, half a rujiee or a rupee at the dill'erent .stage.s
of advancement. The income of a schoolmaster never
averages more than from 3 to 5 rupees monthly, and is
precarious.
imggur, 2 ditt
'! '\
f! 1 i
1 what
is cxceL'(liii),'ly
:o itself. Thu
nt daily nbout
p five r\ipi>es is
ic parents also
ring peifort in
s arquiring a
er simila. iim
, and to draw
iiaster is gene-
four rupees n
I stated to he
ii) ; it is also
id to give two
pice, or two
1 holiday ; hut
n the evening,
a (juartri of a
lOol, make the
ys of respeet-
t entering the
meal of grain
from respeet-
ul 100 rupees,
lot hereditary,
monthly I'nim
ast when he is
Us. CO
•in
per month.
s. 915 1 r,i
5,0.')2 2 I'J
i;?."> 3
6,103 2 MO
nnum, tor 50
pcnsc chiefly
fixed allow-
daily present
ts in money
proficieiiey.
ually siniiliir
fixed annual
earccly ever
HINDOSTAN.— KDUCATION, CRIME AND GAOLS.
309
f
from the pa-
quantity of
in the e(Mnsc
lerent htages
laster never
itlilv, and i«
Number of Schools and Scholars.
•
Districts.
Allowances to Schoolmasters, and from what
Source derived.
Schools.
Scholars.
Kandeish ....
Hindoo Kle-
•2022
. . The schoolmaster's allowances are all derived from the
mentary '.).')
(being in the
scholars, and supposed to average not more than 30 rupees
Superior . ICj
proportion of 1
per annum for each school.
to IH, the num-
170
ber of male
Mahom . I'J
inhabitants being
HCiMHl.)
Total . 18i>
Under this Presidency the London Missionary So-
ciety maintains the following schools : at Siinil, (ioo-
jurnttee, for boys,4 ; girls, 1 — f). At llitriV(iti,'\'i\iu]\, 2.
The following is an abstract of the proceedings of
the Hoinbay Native Education Society in 1H3K : —
l'',iigli.'<h Central School, containing -108 scludars;
Murathec, 3 ditto, 331 ; Uoojratee, three schools,
:il2 ; Hindoostanee, New Cazees-street school, 3(i.
(Idrcrnnii'iil Srhoo/s in the Munithrc Distiirts, at
Poona, 7 schools, containing 484 scholars ; Sholapoor,
C) ditto, 374; Alnnednuggur, 4 dittr), 310; Ahmed-
nuggur, 2 ditto, l^>\; Nassiek, 2 ditto, 133; Dliar-
war, 4 ditto, 383 ditto; Candeish, 2 ditto, 107 ; llut-
iingerry, 7 ditto, (■)2(; ; Ditto, 4 ditto, 221 ; total, 37
scliools, containing 2,7U.'> scholars.
(Iiirtrnini'nt Srhtmln in tlic Distritf of (Idojnif. — .\t
Surat, 2 schools, containing 147 scholars; Abme-
(lalind, 2 ditto, 124; Uroach, 2 ditto, 204; in the
district, 21 ditto, 883; total, 27 schools, containing
I,3."i8 scholars.
Alistriirl. — On the Island of Bombay, supported by
the Society, 4 schools, containing 1,087 pupils;
Murathec District Government Schools 37, '^j'J'> ;
(loDJrat District ditto, 27, 1,3,'')8; total, M schools,
I'ontaining .'),240 scdiolars.
The Cttlcutta Kductition I'lrsn (now the Bai)tist
Mission Press) has been productive of much good ;
between July 1H24 and February 1830, the nunilier of
native works produced at this press were, — Sanscrit,
I'l tiiiished, 3 in hand ; Arabic, 2 finished, 5 in baud ;
Hindi, 3 finished ; Persian 4 finished, 1 in hand.
The total value of the works was lis. .'■>H,8;m).
The Viilruttii Sriinol liimk Snciiiy bad published 38
volumes on important subjects, in the several Indian
liuiguages, as follows : — In Sanscrit 3 ; Hengallee '.) ;
Hindee 3; Arabic 2; I'ersian .') ; llindostanee 1 ;
.Vnglo-Hengallce 3; Anglo-llindee 1 ; Anglo-Persian
^; Anglo- llindostanee 2 ; English (>; total, 38.
Of the foregoing elementary and standard volumes,
there were 28, (wl copies circulated in 1828 and in
l^i2',», as follows : — Of reports, i'liyl ; Sanscrit Hooks,
1"7 ; Hengallec, 10,074 ; Hindee, 2,4,'')2 ; Ooriya, 200 ;
Arabic, 117; Persian, 1,'.)07 ; llindostanee, 1,173;
Knslish, '.(.filfi; Anglo-Asiatic, 2,304; total, 28,(171.
The Serampore Missionaries have 27 missionary
stations, containing 47 missionaries, spread over an
immense extent of country.
It is stated in the Serampore account, that since
W>-<, from 40,000 to .")0,000 volumi's or pami)hlets
(not CD/xV.vof them) have been thrown into circula-
tion by the native press! The I'.nsilish langiuige is
making rapid strides in every part of India.
|X. Intiuiately connected with the education and
religion of a people is the state of crime in the coun-
try. Tin- oilicial leturns on the subject are few, not
t'l the latest, and consequently, most favourable
perioil, and relating |)rincipally to the Bengal Presi-
dency — such as they are, however, they demonstrate
the improved condition of the people and the bene-
ficent nature of their government : for assuredly
whatever elevates a nation in morality and temporal
happiness, well deserves the appellation of beneficent.
To begin with the highest class of otfences for exami-
nation : —
\umlicr of Persons Setitciiecd to Death, anil to Transporta-
tion or Imprisonment lor Lite, by the Court of Nizamut
Adawhit of Denj^nl, from IHl6 to IH-i;.
""S
in
Transporta-
■2-ri
ri
Transporta-
/
|S
tion or
Imprison-
ecor
erio
tion or
Imprison-
ment lor
en a.
ment for
«!
Life.
1/3
Life.
IKKi..
ll.^
.s.
Wi-i.
.^)n
If.,-.
1H17..
114
■2l!H
IH^.'H. .
IIH
IHIH..
.'■4
•2(51
IH'24..
.11
115
IHI!)..
94
345
IS'.'.I. .
(i()
1'2S
1H:!()..
5.")
.')'24
IH^JI)..
67
171
1H21..
.'.H
•i;s
iHj;'..
55
15;i
Total
4!)U
\7M
Total
;itin
H8U
Decrease of death sentences on first period, P24;
ditto of life transportation or imprisonment, 878 ;
total decrease on six years, 1,002.
The decrease which the foregoing table exhibits
will delight every friend of buinanity ; on <leatb sen-
tences there was a decrease during the first jieriod of
124, and comparing the two last with the two first
years, after an interval often years, the dilferenee will
be more strikingly observed: — in 18l(; and 1817,
death sentences, 221) ; in 182Ci and 1827 ditto, 122;
decrease on two years, 107.
Number of Death-sentences in England and in India
for Five Years.
Sentences and Population.
icars.
England,
Imlia.
12,000,000
('10,000,000
1823
'JC>S
77
1824
lOC.f,
.M
182.'>
io3r.
fill
1825
1203
f.7
1827
1 ,^29
r.."-.
Total in lioth 1
Countries j
.'■)U')
310
Thus, while t'lose of India decreased 22 between
the first and last ye^ir, those of England increased ,')tl I.
Let it be remembered that sentences of death 111
II . i'-
I m
n
:.:1
l-ii
■1
I- ^1
i' -t
V4- ^
. ^i ■ J!
310
HINDOSTAN.— CRIMK AND GAOLS.
India are not merely mmiencfs, they are i.i general
fulfilled, unless when extraordinary circunistaiiecs in-
tervene ; the decrease shows, therefore, nn actual
decrease in crime, not, as would he the case in Kng-
land, only a decrease of the nominal severity of the
law, which in fact is aclually taking jjlace from year
to year, not only by means of legislative enactments,
but also by the unwillingness of jurors to fmd jiiilg-
mcnts involving deaths.
Sir R. Rice, in his evidence before the Lords in
18H(), says that among a population of 1 ■)0,0()() per-
sons in IJombay, during three years, there was but
one execution, and that was of an English Serjeant.
The last table gave the returns of the Court of
Nizamut Adawlut ; the following are these of the
Courts of Circuit, specifying the nature of the
crimes : —
No. 1. — Sentences for Offences against the Person,
passed by the Courts of Circuit in Bengal, at Two
Periods.
No. of Persons
Sentenced.
Offpnrps
1822 to
1825 to
1824.
1827.
Adultery ....
,01
20
Affray
1917
113(>
Assault
212
174
Manslaughter . . . .
421
2.').,
Rape
A
•>
Shooting wounding or poisoning
251
199
Sodomy
5
r,
Felony and Misdemeanor . . j
189
107
Perjury
147
6(1
Total
3J9G
19«'.0
Sentences of the lir.st jieriod, No. ;i,19()
Ditto of the second ditto 1 ,9(iO
No.
Decrease of crime. . 1,23()
-Sentences for Offences against Property,
passed by the C\)urts of Circuit in Bengal, at Two
Periods.
No. of Persons
Sentenced.
OfTenre'*
1822 to
1825 to
IM24.
1827.
Arson
rii'i
47
Burglary
1195
lo.'ir.
Cattle stealing ....
85
31
Child stealing . . .
107
57
Counterfeiting iS>. ittcring coun-
terfeit coin ....
47
21
Kinbezzlenient . . . .
lOM
49
I'orgiry and uttering
71
(10
Larceny
491
223
Total
2170
Sentences of the first period, .No
Ditto tif the last ditto....
1 524
2,171)
1,524
This is a very great decrease on two years, and in
looking at the years preceding those given iji tlu'
first table, the diminution is yet more gratifying to
behold. For instance, adulteries were, from 18U; to
1H18, in number 95 ; felony and misdemeanour, in
the same years, 37f- ; shewing a decrease on the for-
mer of 75 cases ; and on the latter of 2(19. In the
second table there is also a marked improvement in
the country.
Burglary.— In IHlf, to 1818, 2,8.53; lH25to XHTi,
1,()3(); decrease, 1H17.
Kmbezzlenient. — In \h\(, to IHIH, 150; 1H25 te
1827, 49; decrease, 101.
Cattle Stealing.— In IHU; to 1818, 203; 1825 to
1827, 31 ; decrease, 172.
Larceny. — In 1815 to 1818, 1,51G; 1825 to 18J7,
223 ; decrease, l,29:<.
But if the foregoing Circuit Court returns be most
cheering and honoural)le to the British Governnunt,
those of the Magistrates' Courts for the Lower and
Western provinces of Bengal are much more so, for
the decrease of crime is yet more extraordinary, whe-
ther as regards offences arising from revenge, from
destitution, from blood-thirstiness, or from immora-
lity. The following shew the sentences of two years ;
if we had them of a more recent date, I am convinced
we should observe a still greater diminution.
Comiiarative Statement of Offenees nBaiiist Property and
against the Person, on wfiich the Mai^istrates pusiit^d
.Sentence in the Lower and Wisterii Provinces of bengal,
(fiirinf;: the Years IH^ili and 1H27.
Crimes.
Atrainst Property :
Ai~on .
UiuttUiry
I'mnds and other offences
f.arceny
I'lunderiiig
Total
Affainst tl;e Pirsim :
Assault and hidtiry
Manslaughter
Riot
Total
Various Offences :
Kriliery
Kscape from custody
lal-e eoinplaiiit
NetJ;k'ct ot duty .
fVrJiiry
Ri^istuiicc (if process
Vasrancy
Number
Sentenced.
2 -J
ta
f8l!6.
182-.
au
l.'>4
ai
l.'H
24:t:t
Iflii.'il 4:iH
6l()l
;!;i(i-.'
as.'ii)
6'Mn
l^r,
a,-4
r«8
!)7
«7i
iTHi;
llUt.VJ
4405
(35:i5
31)8.';
iy,n
44
1 1
■M
2'J5IJ
70(1
l.i5D
4'ir()
lid'.'
28!)
r«
219
11!)
72
ii
i;2K
fi.vj i";i)
iu:i:i^
(iti.'-'j :iii!<ii
I7B
41
i.i;
lU.U
5ja
4;;
.«:.
5.->
i:s
Total
i3H(iD! H07,'>| 5794
l>eeicns( of erime,
04(1
Dccri asc of olTeiiccs against property in one yi.'ar, 4,4iJ:>
Decrease ol offences H(;"in^t persons in one year.. l.KiJ
Uecieuse of various other off,.iices in one )ear.. ...'i.-IHl
I'utal decrease ot ciuue in one year,. 14.211
In arson, liurglary, fraud, larceny, liloodshwt,
perjiny, >Vc., we see n rapid (U'crease, amounting
altogether in one year to upwards of 14,000 !
In India, otl'ences deci'eased one-half in onejeiir;
in Kngland they increased in five years at the enor-
mou.s rate of upwards of 1,000 jier annum! The
evidence of Mr. Mangles (Lor<ls, 4th Maich, lH;t(i\
is confirmatory of this assumption: — " ^■ Is flic
police efficient for the prevention of crimes '^ ./. I
believe it to be so. — {\ Is it improMd.' .i. Greatly,
certainly. — (J
dcrable extei
all to the ex
river police ''.
near Dacca,
rally. The ir
heyond all do
number of cr
vinces whci'e
(}, Can you
rrimes has d
provinces the
ubout as one
with the stat«
Mangles adds,
most notoriou!
Sta
Di'ptedatiuiis wit
Dilto wiih tiirtiiD'
Iiltlii with open i
sdiiiil iiijiiry
Murder witliiiiit d
lldiniciiii' nut am
ttl'rays tvitli loss <
Total
Under a mild
iiiid without (U'l
The number of
stalihiiig, am' pn
have thus lame
Ii<:i7, H2; in IS
IHIil, 104; in 1
(I '(■.«/(')•» /'/or)
out depredation
and 1H28, 255;
life: in 1821 am
decrease, 114.
in 1M27 and 182i
accompanied by
I WO, 1,000; in
In the Lower P
Ciiiiii' ill Kiiu'liiiid I
Miiiiiii'iit tor Lite
ol the \V('»teiii 1
■StNTENCKS.
I'll death . .
Tiaiispiirtutidji oi
iiii|iiiMiiiiiieat
I'T lilV- . .
Km ciitioiiB
While the cxe
to the populatio
Provinces of Ben
and while all set
the iiunishmcnt
laie eighteenth
years, and in
given ill the
' gratifying td
from 181(1 t(i
omeanour, in
se on the for-
2C,<). In the
provcmcnt in
1825 to \H21,
150; lH2i> to
203 ; 1SL>:, tu
1825 to 1827,
urns be most
Govcriinii ni,
he Lower and
I more so, for
srilinary, wlie-
revenge, from
from imniora-
of two years ;
am convinced
tion.
St Property ami
;istratt's pusi-eil
inccs ul lleiigal,
umber
ituiiceU,
$■:
5.
182/.
fca
ay
■54
HI
1;.'3
);t
lOilS
4:l8
il
■.•■M)i
•2(jS(J
)l
jy-^}
3,-4
)»
97
(in
'
VX.iM
44(i5
5
agfi:,
25^0
t
11
■M
u
7U0
ISji)
»
4'ir()
<I52
[1
70
m
i'
72
if
l"7ii
()(>.V.'
IKihl)
41
1,17
53a
4,"
,:,
lis
8075 57!H
: yi.'ar, 4,4ii,'>
I year.. l,lli2
...'lSHI
leap.. 14.211
l)lo(i(hlu'il,
aniDUiiting
loo !
In one Near;
lat the eiior-
liuiin ! The
lieh, 1h;)(>\
1" Q. Is the
ws' .;. I
1./. (ircath,
IIINDOSTAN.— cm
ivrtainly. — U. Arc there Ktill rohheiie- to any consi-
ileral)le extent on the navignhle rivi'rsV .-1. Not at
all to the extent they were formerly. — <i. Is there a
liver police? A. There is, 1 think, near Calcutta and
near I>aeen, and in other parts, hut not very gene-
rally. The improvenuMit in the police (mu he proved
hcyond all doulit, from the great diruuniiion in the
niimher of crimes. — Q. Is that tlie ease in the pro-
vinces where dacoity prevailed ? A. Very greatly. —
Q, Can you state in what i)roportion the iiumher of
crimes has diminished? ./. 1 think in the lower
iircivinces the average of daeoitics of late years is
ahnut as one and a fraction to seven .•>.s compared
with the state of things l'.'> or :U) ye' >, s go." Mr.
Mangles adds, " In the district of Kishn.igu , formerly
most notorious for dacoities, that crime I. • . decreased.
MK .\NI) GAOI.S.
311
from an iivcraw in former years of 'J.'iO or '.iOO, to 18
or 20 !"
When commencing these tables, I have shewn the
number of persons sentenced to death and transporta-
tion, or imprisoned for life, by the Niziunut Adawlut.
Kxile or incarceration .sentences for seven years have
thus decreased before this court: — In 182.J, 334;
in 182('), 137 ; and in 1827, fi.'). x\ decrease, after one
year's interval, of 2(i'.l sentences.
Another method exists for testing the ellicacy of
the police and of the laws, which is by looking at the
returns of the higher classes of crime, whether murder
or robbery with violence. 1 have, therefore, prepared
this table to exhibit the result of the two periods of
two vears each.
State of Ci .If la the I, iHit and Westi'iii I'ruviiici's i<( Urii.;iil, all'Hd I'l'rldds dC Two Years I'acli.
C K I M E S.
ni'pieduiions with murder ..
Ditli) Willi torture or woiiiidiui!
Dillii with opt'U violcuce, hut without piT-
siirial iii.iiiry
Murder without depndutiiiu .
Iliiuilcidi' not uiiiouutlni; lo iiiiirdei. .
Alfrays with loss of life . .
Total
Under a inild and e(|uitable system, ii'Unli-r.i with j
and without depredation decreased ")7(i in two years !
The luimher of persons charged with shooting at,
stalibing, am' poisoning with intent to kill, in England,
have thus lamentably increased: — In I82(i, 47; in
1N27, 82 ; in IS2S, 72 ; total, 201. In 1830, 80; in
IHlil, 104; in 1832, 132; total, 31C..
lt'i'»U'ni I'roriiiti'.i. — The luimber of murders with-
out depredation were, in l8|8and 1820, V.it',- in 1827
and 1828, 25.') ; decrease, 241. Alfrays with loss oi |
life: in 1821 and 1823, 232; in 1827 and 1828, 118; i
decrease, 114. Homicides: in 1818 and 1820, 377;!
in 1H27 and 1828, 185 ; decrease, l'.)2. Depredations
accompanied by torture and wounding: in 1818 and
182(1, 1,000; in 1827 and 1828, .'•)I2; decrease, 488. I
In the Lower I'rovinces the same ollences were, in
Ciinii' la Kn<.d:nid ami \V:de'^, Lower lleiiir:il, and llie Weslrrii
K'liiiiitnt lor l.ilV, III .Six Years, iiidinK I8°i7 Ulie I'opiilatioii i
(il till' Westeiii rmvliices, !iO,U(M),uOO, .
Lower Provinces :
Oeciease
Western Pioviiices:
Decrease
Total
No. of Seutriicea.
No. ul .Sentences.
Decreii'e In
Lower and
1 "'
1824 Ihir
1821
1827
Western
ami 1 and
' Crime.
and
and
Crime.
I'rovinee.s.
182(1. 1828.
1
182(i.
1828.
lfi.5
l)(!
CI)
4(10
271
180
2r)8
283
1!M
8!)
UOl
512
381)
478
out piT-
3.!(t
221
lUU
83
31
40
158
a.'is
l><(i
1(12
311
2.'j5
50
218
. .
303
218
r,r,
311
185
12U
181
m
17
1 31)
180
118
(12
101
..
I32S
1002
[ 523
2210
1375
871
I3U4
l81Sand 1820, 311); in 1827 and 1828, KM; decrease,
125. Depredations with open violence : in I8l8an(l
Is20, 545 ; in 1827 and 1828, 221 ; decrease, 324.
Mr. Robertson gives, in his pamiiblet on the (Jivil
(ioveriinient of India, published in 1829, several
tables to shew the decrease of crime: — Gang-rob-
beries were, in 1807, 1,481 ; in 1824, 234; decrease,
1,217. Wilful murders : in 1807, 40G; in 1824,30;
decrease, 37r.. Violent allVays : in 1807, 482; in
1824, 33 ; decrease, 44".K Gang-robberies in the dis-
trict of Kishnagur were, in 1808, 329; in 1824, 10;
decrease, 311).
An analytical comparison of crime in Kngland and
in the Lower and Western Provinces of Bengal, is
exhibited in the following parliamentary table : —
Provinees. Senlenced to Death, Tiansportalluii, and Imnri-
f Kn>;lanil and Wales, 13,00l),(l()0 ; of Loner llen^al, 40,000,000 ;
Sr.STKNCliS.
I'll death . ,
iiaiispnrlalloii oi
iiii|iiiMiniiient
I'irlil'e..
Kxi'Catiuns
Total Seiiiences and Kxecutions
fioiii 1822 lo 1827.
I
Kiiilaiid
and Wales.
C8I5
822
377
Yearly Aveiaijes.
i Yearly Averages in propoition lo the
Populaiioii.
Lower ' Western ; ICiiiilaiid
Lower
I'lovincesji'ioviiiees. and Wales. 4>io\inci'i
1118
405
IU8
198
415
l<J8
1135
120
02
38
77
28
Western
Kliillaiid
l'ro\ incus. 1 and S\ales.
33
m
33
I ill 11445
1 In I08o:!3
I ill 20U8t);
Lower
Provinces.
in 1428571
We.'lern
I'rovinces.
1 in 600000
I III 51lil2!l 1 in 2811150
1 In I128.'>71 I 1 in (ilinOOO
While the executions in England are, in proportion
to the )iopulatlon, I in 200,000, those in the Lower
Provinces of Bengal are not mote than 1 in 1,500,000;
and while all sentenced to death in India experienced
the punishment awarded them, in Kngland not the
one eighteenth of those sentenced to die suffered.
Yet has crime augmented in the latter, and diminished
in the toniuT country.
Comparison of crime in the Company's Bengal
territories (the only place whence we h:ive returns)
with ollences in Kngland, in Ireland, and in Krance,
with reieri'iice to the yearly averages, mid the pro-
portion to the population : —
i •
■J
t ''I'
312
IIINDOSTAN.- GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
. I
*■ I ft
' 'J
U
iiri?
m
m$ ■
1 1'
1
11
V ■
J)* I-
u f'
Aveiajes uf Seiileiices, and Comparisuii witb the Aiiioiint uf i'o|iiilatiuii, )ii England and Wales, in France, and in UuiiKnl
Yearly Averages.
Proportion of Yearly Averaite* (o Population.
Skntencks.
KnalHiid,
for 4 year.i.
lit'land, 1 I'ranoe,
for 7 years. I yr. (1829.)
llcnital,
fur 4 years.
Knuland :
Popiilatliin
l;(,UOU,UOU.
1 in 10547
1 in (17173
1 in 4301U
Ireland :
l*o|iiil;itioii
7 lo 8,000,001)
Trance :
I'opiilaliii 1
30,000,000.
ll.nr.ll :
l> piilaliiiii
(10,000,0)10.
To deal li ..
Trans|ii>rtatioii or
iiii|irls(iniiient
for life . .
Ditto for 7 years..
1232J
103*
270j
270 80
5.13 ' 273
81 1033
SOJ
140i
357
1 in 25840
1 ill I2&m
t in 80411)
1 in 237078
1 in 100890
1 in 2U041
1 in 1004l)4>
1 ill 40'2(l|ll
1 in lii7iwii
Number of oflfcnces
Persons ap])rehonded
convicted
Property stolen . . Rs.
recovered
1831.
1832.
1,304
1,329
i,<)r,G
2,023
675
718
,23,714
C2,i)81
33,828
(■),7'J3
; i -I
The following extract from the Supreme Court's
Reports of Calcutta, for February, 1833, adds a fur-
ther gratifying instance of the (Iccrease of crime in
India : —
1830.
2,330
3,.5.'jG
f.2.')
l,3f),3S3
4,8.')4
X. The Government of the British possessions on
the continent of Asia is vested at home in two powers
with co-ordinate authority — viz. the E. I. Company,
and a Ministerial Board, termed His Majesty's Com-
missioners for the affairs of India, the latter being
devised by Mr. Pitt as a check upon the political pro-
ceedings of the former.
The Court of Dirntors. — The more immediate go-
verning power of British India, and consequently the
patronage attached thereto, is vested in the Court of
Directors, or executive body of the E. I. Company.
The cai)ital stock of this Company is fi,000,000/.
sterling, which is divided, according to a recent calcu-
i<;tion, among 3,,'")79 proprietors, of whom 53 have
four votes ; 54, three; 347, two; 1,454, one; and
221 hold only 500/. stock, and are not qualified to
vote, but merely to debate on any question ; 3'JG
proprietors hold stock under 500/. and arc not qua-
lified to vote or speak, and 220 have not held their
stock a sufficient time to enable them to vote. A
proprietor of not less tlian 1,000/. has one vote; of
3,000/., two; of f),000/., three; and of 10,000/. and
upwards, no more than four votes. The stock must
be bonft fide in tiie proprietor's possession for 12
months, to enable him or her to vote ; a regulation
adopted to prevent collusive transfers of stock for
particular occasions. The total number of rotfis is
estimated at 2,000, and of the roles about 1,500 are
comprised within four miles of the General Post Office.
Women as well as men, foreigners as well as English-
men, if holding stock sufficient, are empowered to
vote and debate. A late classification of the votes
gave of gentry, bankers, merchants, traders, ship-
owners, shopkeepers, &.c. 1,836; of women (married,
widows, and spinsters), 43; of officers in the King's
and K. I. Company's Army, 222 ; of the clergy, vi'i ;
of officers in the Royal Navy, 28; of medical men,
19; of the nobility, 20. The following is said to be
the state of the votes of the Court of Proprietors in
1832:— Peers, 20; Members of Parliament, 10; Di-
rectors, 50 ; clergymen, 86; medical men, 19; mili-
tary officers, 222 ; naval ditto, 28 ; minor, 1 ; other
gentlemen, 1,775; male votes, 2,211; female ditto,
372 ; total, 2,583. The Proprietors meet as a Court
rrsiiliirbj every quarter, and specially when convened
to discuss particular business. The number of quar-
terly and special Courts held from 1814 to 1830-31,
was 212. The powers vested in this Court are — tlic
election of qualified proprietors as their delegates, or
representatives, to form a Court of Directors ; to
frame bye-laws for the regulation of the Company,
provided they do not interfere with Acts of Parlia-
ment ; to controul salaries or iiensions exceeding,'
20(1/. a year, or gratuities above 600/. It may coiiftr
pecuniary rewards on any eastern statesman or warrior,
above the latter named sum, subject, however, to the
confirmation of the Board of Controul ; it can deninnd
copies of public documents to be laid before it tor
discussion and consideration, but it is prevented in-
terfering with any order of the Court of Directors,
after the same shall have received the approval of tlio
Board of Controul. The Court of Proprietors du!
interfere, and with effeet, in tiie case of the maritime
compensations, on the ground that their concunence
had not been obtained previously to the application
of the Board. The Chairman of the Court of Di-
rectors is ej'-uffieio Chairman of the Court of Pro-
prietors. Debates are regulated as in the House of
Commons, and all questions and elections are deciiled
by the ballot.
The Court of Directors or Representatives of tlip
foregoing body of Proprietors, consist of 24 persons,
cpialified according to an Act of Parliament, wliicii
provides that each must be « iiatural born or natura-
lized subject of Great Britain : possessed of 2,00(t/.
stock, (no matter for what previous period) ho must
not be a Director of the Bank of Kngland, or the
South Sea Company ; and, by a bye-law of the Com-
pany, he shall be liable to be removed if he sliould
promote his own, or the elevation of any other Direc-
tor, by promises of reward, collusive transfer of stock,
or payment of travelling expenses, receive any pecu-
niary or other remuneration whatever, for any ap-
pointment in his gift or patronage as a Director. Six
Directors retire annually by rotation, and are re-
eligible after 12 months absence, the Proprietors have
a review of every Director in the course of four years,
and can of course remove if they think fit such a.s tlicy
may deem not fit for the duty which they ought to
fulfil. (Nineteen contested elections for Directors
took place from 1814 to 1831.) The Court of Direc-
tors ekvt from their own body a Chairman and De-
puty Chairman annually, meet once a week, not less
tlian 13 form a Court, and all questions arc decided
by ballot. The Court in general consists of men of
various habits, views, and interests; by a recent
analysis there were ten retired civil and law ofiiccrs
of the company ; four military ditto of ditto ; four
maritime ditto of ditto; three private Indian mer-
chants ; and nine London merchants and bankers ;
\'\
niid ill llL'iiiinl
(o Population.
D78
llfll'.-al ;
I* '|iiil:iii(i|i
(iO,llllO,l)iiii,
1 ill lUU4lHi
1 III -lO^Olo
1 ill h>7im
imber of (|U!ir-
14 to 1830-;) 1,
Court arc — thu
lir delegates, or
])ircctor.s ; to
the Coni|)aiiy,
Acts of Parliii-
ioiis exceediii;;
It may coiilVr
man or warrior,
lowever, to tlic
it can demniKJ
J before it tor
prevented in-
t of Directors,
approval of tlio
Proprietors diil
if the maritiiiio
cir concurrence
the application
; Court of Di-
Court of I'ro-
1 the House of
jns are decided
it.itivcs of thf
)f 24 persons,
lament, whicii
orn or natiira-
icd of lM)0(i/.
riod) he mnst
gland, or tiie
V of the Com-
if he should
y other Dircc-
,nsfer of stocli,
ve any pccu-
for any ap-
)ircctor. Six
and are re-
irietors have
of four years,
it such as they
hey ought to
'or Directors
ourt of Direc-
man and De-
ck, not less
s are decided
its of men of
by a recent
law otticers
ditto ; four
Indian nicr-
and bankers ;
HINDOSTAN.— GOVKRN'MKNT AND MILITARY
.■n:<
of these 15 were under 10 years standing from the
tir>t election ; 11 from 10 to 20 ditto; two from 20
to 30, and two from 30 upwards. The Court of Di-
rectors enjoy full initiatory a''thority overall matters
at li'iMie and abroad relating to the |)oIiticaI, financial,
judicial, and military nifairs of the coinpiuiy. Hut its
proceedings are subject to certain Acts of Parliament ;
to the superiiiteniieiice of the Hoard of Control, and
in several matters to the approval of the Court of
Proprietors.
For the despatch of business the Directors are di-
vided into three Committees; Finance and Home,
>ight Directors ; I'cditicnl and Military, seven ; Keve-
iiuo, Judicial, and l.csrislative, seven; the duty of
each is partly defined liy the title, but there is a com-
niittee of secrecy, forming the? cabinet council of the
Company, and consisting of the Chairman, deiiuty
ditto, and senior Director ; its functions are defined
by Parliament. In reference to the business done by
the Court of Directors as compared with the Hoard
of Control, the Select Committee of the House of
Commons thus reports in 1832 :
As to the proportions of general administration
resting on the Hoard of Control, and the Kast India
Company, its Courts and its Ofiicers respectively, it
has been asserted, that, of all the reflections, sug-
gestions and instructions bearing upon the policy of
the Indian Governments, contained in the public
despatches, nine-tenths, if not a larger proportion
originate with the India House, though whatever re-
gards the more important transactions with other
States, and whatever is done in Knglaiul, may be said
to he mainly done by the Hoard of Commissioners.
Considering the multifarious nature of the Company's
relations and transact, nns, it is to be expected that
the correspondence sb(. lid be voluminous and com-
plicated, coni|uebcnding, as it does, not only all that
is originated in Knsriand, and transmi'ted to India,
but the record of the proci edings and correspondence
of all the Hoards at tiie se eral Presidencies, with du-
plicates of the documents relating thereto in India,
necessary to p>it the autht rities at home in complete
possession of all their acts. The correspondence
comes home in despatches, and the explanatory mat-
ter in books or volumes. The total number of folio
volumes received from 1V93 to 1H13, 21 years, was
9,0'.)4 ; and from 1814 to 1829, a period of If. years,
12,414.
From the establishment of the Hoard in 1784 to
1814, the number of letters received from the Court
by the Hoard of Commissioners was, 1,791 : the No.
sent from them to the Court was, \,\'J^^. From 1H14
tolS31, 1,9'")7 letters have been written to, and 2,f)42
received from, the board. The number of drafts sent
up to the board from 1793 to 1813, were 3,9.')H ;
froin 1814 to 1S33, 7,902, making an increase 4,004 ;
in addition, there have been references, connected
with servants, civil and military, and others, in this
country, amounting between the years 1814 and 18:!0,
to ,5(1,140. Reports made to the Court by its Com-
mittees, apart from details and researches made in
framing snch Reports, 32,902. From 1813 to the
present time, nearly 800 Parliamentary Orders have
been served on the Court, requiring returns of vast
extent.
By the new East India charter the Company have
agreed to place their Commercial riglits in abeyance
while they hold the political government and patron-
age of India, which is extended by charter to the 3<ith
April, 18.54, and in consideration of assigning over all
their commercial a.ssets (upwards of 21,00n,oro/
sterling) for tlic henefit of the Indian territory, the
present dividend of ten and a half per cent. ( (V'.O.OOO/,)
on tiie (Company's (capital stock, is secured on the In-
dian revenue for 40 years, at the expiration of which
period the capital of (p.OOO.OOO/. will be paid olf at the
rate of 100/. for every •''>/. .')«. of annuity. As a gua-
rantee fund for the proprietors in ca<e of the surplus
Indian revenues heing uiiahle in any one year to pay
the dividenils, and in order to provide for the ulti-
mate li{piidatiou of the principal, the sum of
2,000,000/. is to be set apart out of the commercial
assets, to be invested in the three and a half per
cents, there to accumulate as a security fund until it
reaches the sum of 12,000,000/.
Ths busini'ss relating to the Indian Government is
transactetl in Kngland, between the Hoaril of Control
and the Court of Directors, as follows : — (Evidence
before Parliament in 1832.)
All communications, of whatever nature, and
whether received from al)road or from parties in this
country, come, in the first instance, to the Secretary's
Office at the F.ast India House, and arc laid by the
Chairman before the first Court that meets after their
receipt. I)esj)au'hes of importance are generally read
to the Court at length. Tlie despatches, when read
or laid before the Court, are considered under refer-
ence to the respective Committees, and the Officers
whose duty it is to jirepare answers, take the direc-
tions of the Chairs upon jioints connected with them ;
the draft is prepared uptm an examination of all the
documents to which the substance has reference, and
submitted to the Chairs ; it is then brought before
the Committee, to whose province the subject more
particularly relates, to be approved or altered by them,
uiid, on being passed, is laid before the Court of Di-
rectors. After it has passed the Court of Directors,
tlie draft goes to tlic Hoard of Control, who are ein-
jiowered to make any alterations, but rcpiired to re-
turn it within a limited time, and with reasons
assigned for the alterations tliey have made. Pre-
viously, however, to the draft being laid liefore cither
Committee by the Chairs, experience has suggested
the convenience of submitting it to the President of
the Hoar(), in the shape of wdiat is called a previous
communicatinn. This is done in communicati<Mi be-
tween the President and the Chairs, in which stage
alterations, containing the original views of the Presi-
dent, are made. The draft being returned to the
Chairman, is laid by him, cither with or without the
alterations, as he may sec fit, before the C^ommittce.
The draft, when approved of by the Committee, is
submitted to the Court, and there altered or approved,
as the Court may see fit. It is then officially sent to
the Hoard, who make such alterations as they judge
expedient, and return it to the Court, with their rea-
sons at large for tlie same. Against these alterations
the Court may make a representation to the Hoard,
who have not unfretiuently modified the nli-erations
on such representation ; hut if the Hoard decline to
do so, they state the same to the Court and desire
the draft may be framed into a despatch, and sent
out to India, agreeably to the terms of the /\ct of
Parliament. In tlie event of a refusal, three Judges
of the Court of Queen's Heneb finally decided as to
the lesality of tiie Hoard's order.
Hy the Act of 17-^4 and of 1833, the Directors are
charged with appointing a Secret Committee, whose
province is to forwanl to India all d'spatchcs wliicli,
in the ojiinion of the Hoard of Contrid, sliould be se-
cret, and the subject -matter of which can only lie di-
vulged hy permission of the Hoard. The Coninuttee
■)■ t'
:>
'■X r,
314
HINDOSTAN.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
consists of 'hr' .; Members of the Court of Directors,
dioseti liy the ('oiirt nonerally, viz. the Chairman,
Deputy Cliair, nnd most frequently Senior Member,
who taiic tin oath of sccresy, as prescribed l)y the
Act. Their ollicers are also sworn to secresy ; and no
one is empl. .-'"d in transcril)in{» secret despatches
witiiout tho permission of the Hoard. The Hoard are
empowered by law to issue, through the Secret Com-
mittee, orders and instructions on all matters relating
to war, peace, or negociations of treaties with the
States of India, an(i the Secret Committee are bound
to transmit such oriPr to India without delay. The
Secret Committee haN"; no legal power to remonstrate
against such orders, irovided they have relation to
the sul)jects above stated. The Committee have had
communieatinn, upon matters stated in secret de-
.»patclies, with the Hoard, and at their suggestions
alterations have l)een made ; but they have not the
same jiower with reenrd to despatches sent down in
the Secret ne|)artnient that they have with regard to
other despatches ; they are not empowered to make
representations thereon to the Hoard, whose orders
are in fact conclusive on the Committee. The signa-
tures of the Committee are necessary to ensure obe-
dience to the orders conveyed by them to the Com-
pany's servants, with whom the Hoard of Commis-
sioners have no direct correspondence.
It has been stated that there is anotlier class of
subjects not provided for in the Act which establishes
the Secret Committee, but which have been neces-
sarily treated through the Committee, and upon which
its orders have been more punctually obeyed than in
other cases, namely, negociations with European
States having settlements in India, and generally all
matters connected with war in Europe, which can in
any way afi'ect our Indian interests. (Provided for by
the Act of 1833, section xxxvi.)
When either war acainst a Native State, or the car-
rying forward an expedition against any of the I.astern
Islands, has been in contemplation, and the finances
of India at these periods exceedingly pressed, or re-
quiring aid from this country, the Secret Committee,
in communication with the Hoard of Commissioners,
have taken ujion themselvv^s to provide the requisite
funds, without intimating the same to the Court at
the time. Thus despatches relating to subjects purely
financial and commercial, such as the transmission of
bullion, and the nature and amoimtof the Company's
investments, have gone through the Secret Com-
mittee.
77i« Board of Control. — ^TheE. I. Company's Home
Government, thus briefly described, has been con-
trolled by a ministerial authority since 1784, which is
termed the ' l5oanl of Commissi{)ners for the Ad'uirs
of India,' or more generally the Bourd of C(')itr(d ; it
consists of such members of the Privy Council as his
Majesty may be pleased to appoint, of whom the two
principal Secretaries of State and the Chancellor of
the Exchequer shall always rr ojHrio form three The
President is also nominated by tlie Crown, is usually
a cabinet minister, and in all changes of Administra-
tion retires from office together with the salaried
Commissioners and Secretary. The oath which the
Commissioners take imposes on them the responsible
duty of governing India to the best of their ability
and judgment, as much and as completely as if there
were no Executive Court or Administrative power.
The controlling functions of the Hoard are exercised
in revising nil despatches prepared by the Court of
Directors, and addressed to the G.ivernments in Itiflia;
the originating, in reqviiring the Court to prepare
despatches on any named subject, and in altering nr
revising such despatch as it may deem (it. The Hoard
is divided into six departments, viz. Accounts, Rcvc-
nue. Judicial, Military, Secret and Political, and
Foreign and Public ; the duties of which are thus de-
fined. {Evidence before Parliament in 1832.)
1. The Acronntnut'n Dt'iKirtinent. — To examine
the accounts of the finances at home and abroad :
control the correspondence between the Court of
Directors and the Indian Governments, in the depart-
ments of Finance, and Mints, and Coinage : alsn,
occasional correspondence in most of the other de.
partmcnts of the Company's affairs requiring caleii.
lation, or bearing a financial character.
2. The Rcveiiiw Drjiartment. — Principally revision
of despatches iiroposed to be sent to the several (If),
vernmtnts of India, reviewing the detailed proceed-
ings of those Governments, and of all the subordinate
revenue authorities, in connexion with the adjust.
ment of the land assessments, the realization of the
revenue so assessed, and the general operation of the
revenue regulations on the condition of the people,
and the improvement of the country. Hesides the
land revenue, the detailed proceedings of the local
authorities in the salt, opium, and custom depart,
ments, come under periodical revision.
3. The Jiidirinl Dqiart merit. — Examination of all
corresijondence beteen the Court of Directors and tho
local Governments, on subjects coimected with the
administration of civil and criminal justice and po-
lice in the interior of India, such as, the constitutitm
of the various courts, the state of business in thorn,
the conduct and |)roeecilings of the judges, and all
proposals and suggestions which from time to time
come under discussion, with the view of applying
remedies to acknowledged defects.
The King's Courts at the three Presidencies, arc
not subject to the authority of the Court of Direc-
tors, or of the Hoard of Control ; but, any rnrre-
spondence which takes place in relation to the ap-
pointment or retirement of the judges of those courts,
or to their proceedings (including papers sent home
for submission to the King in Council, reconniK nda-
tions of pardon, &c.), passes through this depart.
raent.
4. The Militnri/ Departmerit. — Attention to any
alterations which may he made in the allowances,
organization, or numbers of the Indian army at the
three Presidencies ; to the rules and regulations affect-
ing the different branches of the service; to the
general staff, comi)rehen(ling the adjutant and qnar-
terniaster general's department; the conuiiissariat
(both army and ordnance) ; the pay, buildiiig, snr-
veying, and clothing departments ; and, in fact, to
every branch of Indian a(ln\inistration connected with
the Company's army It also embraces so much of
the proceedings, with respect to the King's troops, as
relate to the charge of their maintenance in India,
recruiting them from this country, and the periodical
reliefs of regmients.
.'■). The Heeret, Political, and Foreiirn Department.—
Examines all communications from or to the local
Governments, respecting their relations with the na-
tive chiefs or States of India, or with foreign Euro-
peans, or Americans. It is divided into the following
branches : —
i. The Secret department containing the corres-
pondence between the Indian Governments and the
Secret Committee of the Court of Directors. Uiulor
the provisi of the Act of Parliament, such conli-
dentiul CO- .cations as in the opinion of the local
HINDOSTAX.— GOVERNMENT AND MllJTARY.
315
governments require secresy, arc nddresscd by them
to the Secret Committee, Any tlirections, also, to
the local governments, relating to war or negotiation,
wliieli, in the judgment of the Hoard of Control, re-
i|uire secresy, are signed by the Secret Committee ;
unil the Ijcel goverrnncnts are bound to ol)ey those
ilircetions in the same manner as if they were signed
by the whole body of Dn'ectors.
ii, 'I'he I'otilic/d department, comprising all cor-
respondence not addressed to Ihe Secret Committee,
ur sent through that Committee to the local Govern-
ments, respecting tiie native chiefs or slates, with
whom those governments are in alliance or commu-
nication, or whose affairs are inidcr tlieir political
siiperintendenee, or who are in the receipt of pecu-
niary stipends in lieu of territory.
iil. The F()r^'i^^n department, including all corrcs-
poiiilcnee relating to communications between the
local governments and the several foreign Kuropeans
who have settlements in India or the Eastern Is-
lands; and embracing, in fact, all the proceedings of
the local governmonts in relatior. to foreign Euro-
pouns or Americans, resorting to India.
The proceeding of the local governments, with re-
tiK'ct to their residents and political agents, and to
,iiiy other oHicers and their respective establishments,
tliriiiiL'h whom communications with native states
inul chiefs, or with foreigners, may be maintained, are
nisu reported in the several departments in which
those officers arc respectively employed.
fi, Tlif I'nlilir DfiKirtment. — The bu-jiness of this
ilepartinent comprises the examination of all des-
liatclies to and from India upon Cnnimerrinl or Ecrlc-
niiislinil subjects, and of those which, being of a
miscellaneous character, are distinguished by the
general afipellation of " Public." The commercial
and ecclesiastical despatches, which are considered as
fnrming two branches of correspondence distinct from
the " I'ublic," are united with the latter in the .same
department, only on account of the convenience ot
that arrangement, with reference to the distribution
of business in the establishment of the Hoard of
Clint ro!.
The Public correspondence comprises all those
(le-patehes which do not belong specifically to any
ul the branches of correspondence hitherto enuine-
lated. They relate to the education of the natives
and of the civil servants ; to the appointment of wri-
tirs and of tlic civil service generally, and to their
allowances ; to the several compassionate funds ; to
the grant of licenses to reside in India ; to the press ;
to public buildings ; to the Indian navy and the
marine department ; to the atl'airsof Prince of Wales'
Island, Singapore, I^alaecn, and St. Helena; and to
various miscellaiieci.s subjects. Some of these being
closely connected with the business of other depart-
ments, are reported upon in them, although the whole
pass through and are recorded in the public depart-
ment.
The Erclmnstical despatches contain every thing
relating to the appointnient of chaplains, archdea-
cons, and bishops; to their allowances ; to their con-
duct; to the building and repair of churches, or
other places used for public worship ; and to all
questions respecting the affairs of the churches of
Knglaiul and Scotland in India, or that of Uomo, so
fa; as public provision is made for its maintenance.
Any ])apers treating of ecclesiastical or iiiiscella-
neous topics, though they are not despatches to or
from India, are likewise recorded and reported upon
ill this department.
ITie cost of the Hoard of Control is about :iO,000/.
a year. The salary of the President of the Hoard is
,'!,.')0f)/. per annum; of each of the paid Commission-
ers, l.JOO/. ; and of the Secretary l,.')l)l)^,to be raised
to 1,H00(. after three years' service. The Charter of
\H'.y.\, authorizes two Secretaries for the Hoard.
Tlie Diiiiifstic (iDvernininit of Irnlin — is diviil d into
three Presidencies, viz. Hcngal, Madras, Hombay, and
a Lieutenancy at Agra, or rather at Allahabad ; the
Chief at each Presidency is assisted and partly con-
trolled by a Council of two of the Company's senior
civil servants, and the Commander-in-Chief of the
army. The government of Bengal is termed the Su-
preme Government, and the head thereof is styled
the Governor-General of India; he is necessarily jjos-
scsscd of much local iiiilei)endenco, exercising some of
the most important rights of sovereignty, such as
declaring war, making peace, framing treaties, to a
ciitain extent forgiving criininids and enacting laws.
The tiovernor-CJencrars Couneil consists of five
Councillors, three to be servants of the Company of
ten years standing, and to be appointed by the Direc-
tors ; the fourth to be appointed by the Directors
also, subject to the ap|)robation of the King, but not
from among the Ea'<t India Company's servants, and
with i)ower to sit and vote in Couneil only at meet-
ings for making laws and regulations. The Com-
mander-in-Chief forms the fifth member, with prece-
dence after the Governor General.
On all (luistions of state policy, excepting in a
judicial capacity, the Governor-General is independent
of his Council ; if the Council are dissentient, the
Members record in their minutes the cause, which
being submitted to the Governor-General, and he
still remaining of his original opinion, the discussion
is adjourned for 4H hours, when the Ciovernor-Gene-
ral may proceed to execution, first assigning his rea-
sons for dissenting from the Council. The whole of
the documents relative to the ditference are then
instantly transmitted to the Court of Directors and
Hoard of Control ; and the Court have the power,
should they deem fit, of aiipointing new Members of
Council to succeed the dissentient ones, or of recalling
the Goveraor-General.
The tiovernor General, in virtue of his cominissioii
as Captain-General, may head the military operations
in any part of India. He has also the power of sus.
pending the Governors of the other Presidencies, or
of proceeding thither and taking the supreme autho-
rity in their Councils, in the execution of any of
which acts he is subject to the vigilant supervision
cf the home authorities. The Governors of Madras
and Hombay are in a similar manner independent of
local control, but for the sake of obtaining unity in
foreign transactions, on matters of general and inter-
nal policy, or in expending money, they are subject
to the authority of the Governor-General, who, on
proceeding to either of the Presidencies, may assemble
his Council there and sit as President.
Regulations for the good government of the British
possessions in India, are p-^ssed by the Governor-Gen.
in Council ; they immeo.ately become cttective, but
are transinitteil home and subject to the revision of
the Court of Directors and Hoard of Coatrol ; hereto-
fore ordinanees for the good government of the Pre-
sidency cajiitals were not valid until publicly exposed
for 1-4 days, then registered by the Supreme (King's)
Court ; put in force, but subject to a further ordeal
at home : by the new Charter, these checks on the
Governor-General are removed, and that authority in
council can now make laws for the regulation of even
f,Vl
■■m
p",
3U|
4iT % 1
i
316
HINDOSTAN.— GOVEUNMhlNT AM) MILITARY.
SI
j; J
1
i t
'1.1
li
luT Maji'sty's supreme courts. Such is the legislative
di'pnrtiiiciit (if the Giivt'rninciit, the execiitivi' is gene-
rally exercised hy nienns of IJoanIs, of which in Heiiirnl
there are tive, (I. Iteveniie; 2. Customs, suit nii<l
opium; 3. Trade; 4. Military; r>. Medical;) at
Madras three, fl. Revenue; :i. Military; 3. Medical;)
and at l!oml)ay one. Any of these Hoards make
suggestions or present drafts of regulations in their
respective departments to Government ; the Boards
also receive tniin their suhordiimtes suggestions,
either lor their own information or for transmission
to the Governor-CienirnI in Council ; by this means
the local knowledge of the inferior otlicers is hrouclit
under the knowledge of the chief executive, and their
talents and industry appreciated : indeed, a leading
leature in the duties of the Indian Governments is
that of noting down every transaction, whether as
nidividual chiefs of departments or as Hoards : thus
habits of business are generated, combined with a
moral check of siipervisiim, no matter what distance
a servant may be from the Presidency, or what period
of time may claiise. should an etupiiry be necessary.
All minutes of the Hoards' proceedings are laid before
the Government monthly, and then transmitted
home. The oljjection alleged to this is that it cre-
ates delay; but, as correctly obserscd by the Court
of Directors, in their Letter to the Hoard of Control,
27th August lt<2'J, the Government of India may in
one word be deseril'.ed as a fiuri'niinenl nf Cliccks.
The Court thus judiciously remark : — ' Now what-
ever may be the advantage of checks, it must always
be purchased at the expense of delay, atid the amount
of delay will generally be in jiroportion to the number
and efficiency of checks. The correspondence between
the Court of Directors and the Governments of India,
is conducted with a comprehensiveness and in a detail
quite unexampled ; every, the minutest proceedings
of the local governments, including the whole corres-
pondence respecting it which passes between them
and their subordinate functionaries, is placed on
record, and complete copies of the Indian records are
sent annually to England for the use of the home
authorities. The despatches from India are indexes
to those records, or what a table of contents is to a
book, not merely communicating on matters of high
interest, or soliciting instructions on important
measures in contemplation, but containing summary
narratives of all the proceedings of the respective
governments, with particular references to the cor-
respondence and consultations thereon, whether in
the political, revenue, judicial, military, financial,
ecclesiastical or miscellaneous departments. In the or-
dinary course of Indian administration much must al-
ways be left to the discretion of local governments; and
unless upon (piestions of general policy and personal
cases, it rarely occurs that instructions from hence can
reach India before the time for acting upon them is gone
by. This is a necessary coTisequenco of the great dis-
tance between the two countries, the rapid succession of
events in India, which are seldom long foreseen, even
by those who are on the spot, and the importance of
the ruling authorities there, acting with promptitude
and decision, and adopting their measures, on their
own responsibility, to the varying exigencies of the
hour. These circumstances unavoidably regulate, hut
do not exclude the controlling authority of the Court
of Directors. Without defeating the intentions of
Parliament, they point out the best and indeed the
only mode in which these intentions can be ])ractically
fulfilled. Although, with the exceptions above ad-
verted to, a specific line of conduct cannot often be
prescribed to the Indian governments, yet it seems to
indicate any other rather than a state of irrc'Spoiisi.
bility, that the proceedings of those governments arc
reported with fidelity, examined with care, and com-
mented upon with freedc- 1 by the home authorities;
nor can the judgements jiassed hy the Court he
deemed useless whilst, thoui>li they have immediate
reference to past transactions, they serve ultimately
as rules for the future guidance of their servants
abroad. The knowledge, on the part of the local
governments, that their proceedings will always lui.
dergo this revision, operates as a salutary cheek upnii
its conduct in India, and the practice of replying tn
letters from thence, paragraph hy paragraph, is a
security against habitual remissness or accidentai
oversight on the part of the Court, (»r their servants
at home. From a perusal of the Indian record^, the
Court also obtain an insight into the eoinhiet and
(pialitications of their servants, which eualtles tlieni
to judge of their respective merits, and to make a
proper selection of memlurs of Council.'
The duties of the Hrltish funi'tiouary in India may
be gathered from the following detail of the duel'
stations and otlices of the civil servants in Heimal.
f Evidence before Farbnment in 18H2.] 'The duties
of Territorial Secretary, in one branch, correspond in
a great measure with those of the Chancellor of the
Excheipier in this country ; he manages the whole
tinancal business of the Government, in concert with
the Accountant-general ; but the Secretary is the
chief officer of the Government in that department;
moreover, be has the management of the teiri. .jal
revenue, aiid the revenue derived from salt and opium,
and he conducts the correspondence of government
with the three Hoards of Revenue in the upper, lower,
and central provinces respectively.
' In relation to the board of revenue, he is merely
the ministerial officer of the Government ; he is not a
resiionsible officer, and has no direct power over the
Board of Revenue.
' If any increase of charge were proposed by any of
the Boards of Rcenue, or by any person acting under
them, that projiosal for increase is submitted to the
Territorial Secretary before it is acipiiesced in and
sanctioned by Government — he is the person always
addressed. The Boards of Revenue have the powei
of writing directly to the Governor General in Coun-
cil ; but that is a mere matter of form, for such Utter
goes e(pia!ly through the office of the Territorial
Secretary, and is submitted by him to the Governor-
General in Council.
' The Territorial Secretary ofl'ers his oi)inioii upon
the admissibility of any new charge proposed. He
has no right or power to do so, hut he is geiicinlly
called upon to do so The Secretaries arc in the
habit of giving in papers called memoranda. As the
Governor-General or Members of Council lay iniiiutcs
before the Council Board, so the Secretaries, when-
ever they have any suggestion to make, submit what
are called memoranda.
' One of the Members of the Council is nominally
President of the Board of Revenue, he performs no
duties.
' The duties of the territorial and judicial depart,
ments a.s regard the judicial department arc quite
distinct departments. There are two Secretarifa;
the Judicial Secrftary is (piite independent of the
Territorial ; he conducts the correspondence of the
Government with thi,' Sudder Dewanny and Nizamut
Adawlut ; they are the chief criminal and civil courts.
' The police is under his direction, at least all the
t it seems tn
if irrcspoiisi.
frnmonts arc
re, and coni-
• uutlioritits ;
le Court he
e iiiiincdiatc
vc iiltiiiiatdv
itir stTvutifs
of the local
II nlwiiys nil.
y check updii
f rcplyiii',' tn
•ngrnph, is a
;)r accidental
heir stiviints
1 records, the
conduct and
cnahles them
(I to make a
in liulia may
of tlie duel'
ts in lieniial.
' 'I'lic (Inties
corres|)ond in
icelior of the
;es the whole
I concert with
rrtary is the
department ;
the teiri. .jal
lit and opium,
f government
upper, lower,
, lie is merely
t ; he is not a
jwer over the
iscd by any of
acting under
mitted to the
lesccd in and
lerson always
e the powei
ral in Cloun-
r such letter
iC Territciria!
lie Governor-
ipinioii upon
Inpiised. He
is generally
arc in the
|ida. As the
lay minutes
[aries, when-
iiibinit what
is nominally
jperlorms no
Icial depart.
|t are (piitt
Secretaries ;
lent of the
bnce of the
\ui Nizainut
civil courts.
feast all the
HINDOSTAN.— GOVKRNMKNT AND MILITARY
correipondence of Government on thp subject of the
police is conducted by him. [.ike the Territorial Se-
cretary, he is not a substantive olTicer, only a minis-
terial futictionary of the government. He writes
always in the name of the government; his letters
always begin with words to this etfccf, ' 1 am directed
hy the Governor-(ieneral in Council to inform you '<
and this holds good with regard to all other Secre-
taries.
''I'he business of a Collector in the lower provinces
is the receipt of revenue ; the conduct of public sales,
in the event of any defalcation on the part of any
landed p-oprietor who is rcs|)Qnsiblc for any portion
of the revenue.
• There being a permanent settlement of the land
revenue In those provinces, he has not much to do
directly with the collection of the revenue; but he
has a great number of other duties, as the manage-
ment of wards' estates (minors' estates) ; for the
Hoard of Revenue is also a Court of Wards.
' lie exercises judicial functions in what are called
summary suits, arising from disputes between land-
lord and tenant, between zemindar and ryot. That is,
in disputes connected with the administration of the
revenue.
' With reference to the extent in which he decides
suits. The suits are summary suits ; they are not
conducted with the formality of regular suits ; they
are instituted originally in the courts of law, and are
refe. red hy the Judge to the Collector lor decision ;
they are of a particular description ; they are not
conducted with the formality of regular law suits ;
there is a particular process laid down by the regula-
tions for them.
' It is indirectly in the nature of a reference : it is
a claim of the zemindar on the ryot for rent which
the ryct disputes or denies ; and it is referred to the
Collector, as a summary suit, under particular regu-
lations.
All the instances in which he exercises judicial
power are referred to him by the court, as far as
regards the summary suits referred to ; but there are
also investigations which partake largely of judicial
inquiries, which he conducts independently of the
courts, as, for instance, where landholders in copar-
ceny have petitioned to have their estates divided,
and to become separately responsible to Government.
Such divisions are called lUitwarahs.
' The revenue collected remains in the custody of a
native Treasurer, who gives heavy security, and who
is to a great degree independent of the Collector.
Security is given to the Government through the
Collector ; but the Board of Revenue see that it is
sufficient, and the Collector is also responsible.'
Juilirial. — We may now proceed to examine briefly
the mode in which the administration of justice is
carried on. The civil law is administered according
to the religious code of the party, whether Hindoo or
Mahomedan. A commission is now being issued to
esaminc into the variety of the civil laws existing in
the various province- and to endeavour to codify
them into a general system. The criminal law in
India is the Mahomedan code, in which mutilations
of the limbs and flagellations to death are not unfre-
quently ordained ; these are commuted by us for
imprisonment, &c., and it will be seen in the section
on gaols hew crime has been diminislied in India.
There are in the Company's Courts three grades of
Euriipeun Judges, the District, the Provincial, and the
Judges of the Sudder Court (there are also Magis-
trates, who exercise civil jurisdiction under special
317
appointments, and the Registrars try and decide
causes referred to them by the Judge of the district.)
'I'he native Judges are divided into two classes. 1st,
Modnniffn, of whom there are several stationed in the
interior of every district; and lindly, Swhli'i- Aiinicfims,
established at the same station with the Kurnpean
Judge. Native Judires of any sect can try causes as
far as l,Oi)0 rupees, and the amount may be increased
at the recommiMidation of the Kuropcan Judge to
.''i.OOO rupees ; this permission has been granted in
very many cases, and the decisions have been ex-
tremely satisfactory. An appeal lies from the District
Native Judges to the District ICuropean Juilge, from
the latter to the High Court of Sudder Adawliit at
Calcutta, Madras, or Bombay, and from thence to the
King in Council in Kngland.
In the Bengal Presidency, for instance, there is first
a high court of .appeal, termed the " Sudder Dewanny
and Nizamut Adaw 'i t," or chief civil and criminal
court. The functions of this court are cognizance of
civil, criminal, and police matters ; the remission or
mitigation of punishment when the sentence of the
law officers is unduly severe, co-revision previous to
the execution of any sentence of death, transporta-
tion, or peipetual impriscmmeut, arbitration where
the provincial judges differ from their law officers ;
revisions of the proceedings of any of the courts, with
power to suspend provincial judges ; it may direct
suits for property exceeding ,5,00(t/. in value, to be
originally tried before it ; it may admit second or
special appeals from the inferior courts, and its con-
struction of the government regulations is final. The
Chief Justice has fi,000/. a year, and the three Puisne
Judges '),00(l/. each.
The second degree of Courts are the Provincial
Courts of Appeal (of which there are six for Bengal),
with a Chief and Puisne Judge to each. They have
no criminal jurisdiction ; try suits exceeding 5,000
rujiees in value, if the plaintiff desire their decision
(he may prefer it before the Zillah Judge, if the value
rio not exceed 10,000 rupees), appeals lie from the
/lllah Courts, and are final unless in cases of special
njjpeal.
For the Bengal Presidency there are 20 Commis-
sioners of Circuit, who combine revenue with judicial
functions. They hold sessions of gaol delivery at
least twice in each year at the different /illah and
City stations. The direction and controul of the
Magistrates, Revenue Officers and Police are vested
in them. The salary of each Commissioner is 4000/.
a year.
The /illah Courts of Rengal amount to 49 ; some
have a judge, magistrate, and registrar ; in others less
extensive, the duties of judge and magistrate are con-
joined, or the duties of magistrate and registrar. The
Ijopulntion and extent of a /illah is various ; in Ben-
gal, the average population is about 2,000,000. The
total salaries of the Kuropean covenanted servants of
a Zillah Court range from 30,000 to 44,(i00 S.K a year.
These courts have cognizance of affrays, thefts, bur-
glaries, &c., when not of an aggravated character, and
power to the extent of two years' imprisonment; com-
riit persons charged with heinous offences for trial
before the Commissioners of Circuit; try original
suits to the value of 20,000 rupees ; decide appeals
from registrars (i. p. causes not exceeding 500 rupees
in value), Sudder Auineems (native judges) and
Moonsift's; and by a regulation of 1832 (for the ex-
pedition of criminal justice), three Zillah judges may
be invested with power by the Governor- General to
hold sessions and goal delivery.
"P
I"), .
, 1
,. »,"
^i,
314
HINDOSI'AN.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
\% :
,i '
, ! I
r ! <
1 h
1
Thcsp Courts have authority over thi> I'olico, nntl
the jiidgi'a are cnjoirii-d to visit tlic goals at least once
a week.
Another and extensive sot («f Ziliah and City Courts
have hecn cstahiistird hist yiar with nntivi' jiidni's of
every class, custf, or lUTsuasion, found r|iinli(i(d for
the (hitirs enjoined them, to whom libtrnl siilnrics
have been K'"itt'd ! and by u niocc recent rei;iiiiition,
native assessors sit on the bench with the Kiirojiian
judges.
A plan of judicature similar to the foregoinR Is in
force at Madras and Hombay, and in the N. W. pro-
vinces, niodilicil by local usnpc s ; in some parts tlii-re
are I'unchayets fnntive juries) of arbitratmn and of
civil and criuiinid procedure; in others, native asses-
sors, in civil and criniiniil nmftrrs.
In the administration of civil justice the objects of
the Company's Govcrnnieut luwu been to render it
pure in source, s[ieedy in execution, and cheap iti
practici' ; in tlie administration of criminal justice the
aim has been liist to prevent crime, and secondly to
promote the reformation of the otfendcr. 'I'lu' jiid;;i'3
are well paid, in order to secure the purity of justice;
the courts are numerous, in order that it may be
speedily rendered, and the authorized fees are lis;lit
(particularly in trilling cases) for tlie cheap attain-
ment of right. In criminal matters, otrences are
quickly inniished, — the death sentences (which are
inflicted but for very few crimes) are almost sure to
be carried into ellVct, and it is in evidence before
Parliament (in IRHJ) that prisoners are brought to
trial without delay, that the punishnunts awarded are
mild and well i)roportioned to the oilVnce; that abun-
dant care is taken against unjust conviction", and thai
extraordinary care is paid to the health and comfoit
of the prisoners in the goals ; the effect (jf the system is
seen in the extraordinary diminution of crime. Mea-
sures have been taken Un the promulgation of a
knowledge of the old as well as new laws.
iMirs and lifa^iildtians. — In pursuance of the direc-
tion, and by virtue of the powers given by the 47th
section of the Act of the 3rd and 4th William IV.
chap. S.'), the Court of Directors of the East India
Company, with the appr(d)ation of the Commissioners
for the Affairs of India, ordain as follow : —
1. Copies of all laws and regulations shall be com-
municated to the several Functionaries appointed to
c.Trry them into etTect, and shall be jireserved in all
Courts of Justice, and there be open to the inspection
of all persons.
2. All laws and regulations shall be translated into
the several native languages most commonly spoken,
and printed and sold at a low price.
3. The Governments of the several presidencies will
make such a distribution of copies of the laws and
regulations so to be sold as may bring them most
conveniently within the reach of all |)ersons, and will
notify in a public manner where such copies may be
procured.
4. The Governinents will likewise, on the passing
of any law and regulation, publish the title of it, and
an abstract of its contents in the Gazettes and such
other newspapers as are most generally circulated.
Authenlifirnliim of I, mm and lii'sulntinns. — 1. The
original copy of all laws and regulations .shall be
signed by the Members of the Legislative Council by
whom they shall be passed, and such copy shall be
preserved in the archives of the Government of India.
2. Such copies only of the several laws and regu-
lations hereafter j)as;ed as shall be f>rinted at the
Government I'rcss shall be admitted as evidence in
i
('oiirts of .Justice. Such copies so printed shall hrnr
in the title page facsimiles of the signatures of the
Members of Council by whom the several laws and
regulations may have been respectively passed."
There is a Supreme or King's Court at enrh
I'residencjy, with a Chief and two I'uisne Jud!,'C9
at Calcutta, and a Chief and one Puisne JuiIlt
at each of the other I'residiiieies. A Master in
I'.rpiitv, Uegistrar, an established nundier of Attnr.
nil's and Harristers, at the discretion of the Judi;! ,,
and at Calcutta there is a Hindoo and a Mahoimilnn
law oIliciT attached to the coiu't. The jurisdiction of
this Court extends over the local boundaries of tlic
Presidency, with certain exceptions not well (hiiiini,
and the Courts claim jurisdiction in certain cans
beyonil the Presidency; such claims liave, howcv( r,
been viewed with alarm, and the extension of ti„.
jurisiliction of the King's Court at the present pi rind
deprecated. The salaries of the Supreme (.'ourt Judgis
at the three Presidencies are, Hni'Siil, Chief, h.ckki/. .
Puisne, <;,()0(l/. Madras, Chiif, CiO.nno rupees; PuiKml
.■>(», 000 rupees, liinnh/iii, ditto ditto. Since IhK",
there have been six Chief Justices at Uengal, and sinro
IHO.') seven Puisne. At Madras since IHl.'i, four Cliiit,
and since ISO'.i, ten Puisne; at Hombay, since |M'<3^
three Chief and live Puisne Judges. TUp jljfd charL-i's
were, in 1hl'9, as follow: Bengal, S. R. :Jh:j,|.'0;
Madrai, 'MH,()-,r, ; Hombay, 293,874 ; total, S. u!
y.")5, ().")(), being an excess over IHJ3 of S. R. 20.1, sufi.
The salaries and contingent expenses of the Supreme
Court at Calcutta annually are 879,000 rupees, and
the emoluments of Harristers and Attornies alio'it
771,000 rupees. The same items at Madras niid
HoMiliny are — for the firs , f).'pO,{i()0 rupees; and for
the second, y."iO,000 rupees; total of Supreme Courts,
;!,2.')0,000 rupees. Trial by jury in criminal matters,
not in civil ; natives are eligible as petty aim grand
jurors; proceedings are in English, with the aid of
interpreters, and in general the ci\il laws of I'.ii-land
are applied. There are at Calcutta and Hoiidray
Courts of Requests, for the recovery of small dehts,
the Recorders of which are Europeans.
The Police in Hengal, for instance, are divided int,)
stations with a native officer, native registrar, petty
otlicer, and from 20 to '.\0 policemen well arnuii.
In each district there are from !'> to 20 stations,
making altogether in lower Bengal about ;'>00, and in
the ujjper or western Provinces 400. Every village
has also its own watchman, armed and paid by the
village, and as there arc ir,3,'w3 villages in lower
Hengal, there is a further force of 160,000 men addeil
to the tioverniuent establishment. In some Provinces
of central India, each village has also a petty officer,
whoso duty it is to track thieves, and when he traces
them to a village, to hand over the search to the
trackers of that village.
The head otlicer at each station receives criminal
charges, holds inquests, forwards accused persons
with their prosecutois and witnesses to the Ziliah
Magistrate, uses every exertion for the apprehension
of criminals and the preservation of the jieace in his
ilistrict, and regularly rejiorts all proceedings to the
European Magistrate from whom he receives nnlerp.
The village police, together with the village eorpura-
tioii officers (such as the barber, schoolmaster, ac-
countant, waterman, measurer, Ike.), land agents.
Zemindars, &c. are all required to give immediate in.
formation of crime committed within their limits, ami
to aid in the apprehension of offenders. There is a
mounted police officered by natives, and a river police
conducted also by natives.
Unually Required
Bi
ted uliall lirnr
latiircs of the
•rnl Inwg and
passi'd."
mirt at rncli
iiisnc Jiii1','(n
'llisno Jiid^^r
A Mnstfr in
l)rr of Attnr.
f the Jiid-i ,,
Mnliormdiiii
lurisdictioii (if
idnrips of the
vvidl dclimd,
cprtniii cases
avp, h()wcv( r,
?nsi()n of the
irt'sent pt ijcid
Court Jiidt;(9
:iiirf, 8,00(1/. ;
l|)CPs; l'lii«iic,
Since 1h07,
ip;nl, iind sinn'
l.'i, foiirCliicf,
y, since iH'iJ,
' fi.ml cliRr'.'i's
R. :ih:i.i.'0;
total, S. U.
3. R. 2n:,,>i%.
' the Supreme
K) riii)cex, and
;tornie:4 Rbuut
, Madras anil
pecs ; and for
preme Courts,
nitml matters,
tty nnn prand
th the aid of
■3 of Ivimlniid
and IViiidiiiy
f small debts,
e divided iiio
istrar, petty
well arnu'd.
lid stations,
it :'i()0, and in
Kvery viila}:e
1 paid hy the
v;es in lower
)0 men added
me I'rovniecs
l)etty ofticer,
|hen he traces
carch to tiie
HINDOSTAN.— GOVERNMF.NT AND Mir.ITARY.
319
lives criminal
I'sed persons
[o the /illah
»pj)relien»i()n
jieace in Ids
Idnigs to the
leives order?.
jage corpora-
jdinaster, nc-
and aiielits,
liiinediate in-
|r limits, and
There is a
river polite
The police offlccr* are furnished with prrcite mid
brief maiiiiaU of in<itriu'tioiiH, and the abuses which
prevailed are beiiii? rapidly renioved ; what was good
in the native laws has heei, retained, and what was
evil obliterated, and an excellent syteni still open to
iinproverncnt has been the reiiilt. The 'general sys-
tem of police in India, und its gradations of ranks is
thus detailed in the recent evidence before I'ailiaoient.
'The lowest police olVieer is the village watcher.
There are several in the village wMo perforin the lower
odiees. They are under the control of the bead of
the village ; the head of the village is under the coiitrul
of the Tehsildar, who is a native collector ol revenue;
tlie Tehsildar is under the Magistrate, who is the C(d-
Icctor. The village watchers are remunerated by a
small (piantity of grain from the produce of the vil-
lage, and from certain fees from tin' iiilnibitnnts ; and
the head of the village has also similar allowances, to
a greater extent. The Tehsildar is a stipendiary ollicer
of the Government, employed in the colU'ction of the
revenue. There are police oHicers appointed to
towns, called Aumeems of police, who have it juris-
diction also l)eyond those town;i ; and there arc otli-
cers called Cutwals, a kind of hii:h constables, resi.
dent chiefly in market towns. There are. in some
districts, paid police ; and there were formerly vari-
ous classes of native jieoiis, under dilferent denomi-
nations, many of whom have of late years been dis-
missed as unnecessary.'
The strength of the civil service at each Presidency,
according to the Bengal Finance Committee, is as
follows : —
Bengal. Madras.
1
liombay
Total.
Senior Merchants*
Junior, ditto
27a
41
I/T
1:13
11
Id
31
sfi
HII
:iti
4fil
6i
H"
Writers
'247
Total ....
515
194
148
H.I7
Kiimbcrof annuitants re-
tiring Annually
Casiiulties at Two and a
lialf pur Cent
9
10
4
4
3
3
16
Ifl
Annually Required ....
19
8
S
32
• The terms here given have been continued ever since
the E. I. Company were a mere trading company, new dc-
Mgnat'oiis arc necessary.
ItitUiin Ptitrnnaisf. — The Directors of the East
India C'om|)any have the nomination of \\riters. Ca-
dets, and Assistant Surgeons for the Indian service,
this with a salary of 30()/. a year is the sole reward
which they receive for their services, for by their oath
they are bound to accept no pecuniary consideration
for any appointment whatever. The number of
writers, cadets, and assistant surgeons rctpiired for
the year being made known, the number is divided
into 30 shares, of which the Chairman and Deputy
Chairman have each two, the President of the Board
of Control two, and each I)ircctor one. His Majesty's
Ministers, through the Board of Control, have the
appointment of judges, bishops, officers of the King's
army, and a. negative of the Court of Directors' nomi-
nation of the Governor General, Governors, and Com-
manders in Chief.
Numb, r of Civil Servants appointed to the Bengal
Civil Service since I7'.»i), and the Deaths and Re-
tirements incident to the same.*
17'.»0
I7'.»l
17'.»'!
1 79.J
!7'J1
17;».")
I7!('">
17^7
I7!)H
I71»'J
IwOO
IHOl
1H():>
1H03
1804
1«06
IH07
1808
1809
1810
1811
18 1 2
1813
lol4
18I5
181G
|K17
1H18
1819
1820
1821
l»T2
1823
1824
182.')
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1 833
1834
183,''.
183f.
1837
■5 5
19
38
.07
r)8
93
122
i-ir.
ir,3
193
20(;
224
237
2.'')4
273
284
304
31C
324
33 1
340
3.'') 2
3f)8
37'.'
391
4ir.
409
414
417
413
412
410
410
418
41.5
423
432
456
493
.'121
.'■..'iB
.')43
.'■.14
.^^121
.'■>04
497
493
472
l'.>
19
19
12
27
30
24
20
32
17
21
20
24
2f.
17
32
16
17
20
13
17
24
21
21
.30
9
26
IH
17
19
17
17
13
13
22
21
33
.'iO
41
44
13
23
12
9
8
23
28
14
1
19
38
57
69
9:.
123
116
Ki.l
19.')
210
227
244
261
280
290
316
320
333
344
347
3 '.7
376
3M9
400
421
42.'>
42-.
432
434
432
429
427
423
431
437
444
465
506
534
565
569
566
526
.530
512
520
521
486
Q
3
3
4
5
5
3
6
3
7
9
5
5
6
5
8
4
10
5
7
16
10
13
12
10
9
13
12
9
12
11
8
10
22
9
19
II
16
9
5
■5 a
•it K
OS -a
5
I
1
6
6
8
5
10
6
5
5
7
1
2
1
8
4
.5
6
4
21
9
i')l
I 1 •»
Til
• This table from 1790 to 1830, was, I believe,
prei)ared in India, by or for the Ik'iigal Finance Com-
mittee ; I have compared some of the latter years
with the College books at the India House, and find
a discrepancy as to the number of appointments : this
table and also the succeeding one are given as data to
shew the progressive increase or decrease in the civil
and military services. It would be advisable to have
the Madias and Bombay civil services return as com-
plete as that of Ben^jal.
'X .'. 1.
U
.130
h !i5
HINDOSIAN— GOVERNMKNT AND MII.ir.VllY.
A|>|)oitifmci»t* of l^oiluts oiiil Assinttttit-Surgoont in each year, from \'!9C>.
! . - ,!
I' rll
'.'
ill' I
§
Cadi-tH incliid
iiiR Scmiimry
i
A|i|inintiiu'ntt.
3
•
•Ji
1
**
1
Hrngal.
MailrsR.
nomhay.
Total.
1
i79r.
33
ft 5
26
114
32
I7!)7
44
54
34
132
29
I7l»><
183
lf.7
58
408
36
\TJ'J
lir,
75
30
219
27
IHOO
ir,4
201
109
471
27
IHOl
13
18
12
43
28
lN02
r,:>
190
36
291
31
IHn3
vjr,
125
171
492
28
IH04
i'j«
138
21
357
42
iHor.
198
230
II
439
51
IHOC)
110
211
19
340
36
1H07
140
113
28
281
48
1808
i:.2
55
56
263
24
1809
59
30
19
114
28
1810
81
74
39
194
27
1811
44
42
27
113
14
181-J
18
28
7
53
28
I8i:»
19
19
14
52
55
1814
36
13
7
56
40
18ir.
10
12
4
26
33
i8ir>
12
H
5
25
38
1817
3r.
32
19
86
29
1818
122
85
83
290
33
1819
178
145
86
409
46
|8'20
112
234
84
460
62
1821
131
170
116
417
66
1822
115
107
36
258
59
1823
or.
56
56
207
48
1824
20f.
99
63
368
39
i82r.
209
121
37
367
53
issr,
187
210
69
466
74
1827
1 2(;
136
96
358
61
1828
188
89
77
354
59
1829
117
63
39
209
67
1830
42
35
16
93
42
1831
2r.
24
11
61
49
1832
5
11
5
21
6
1833
34
49
19
102
29
1834
52
73
21
146
22
1835
78
61
39
178
17
183fi
r,3
63
28
1.54
39
1837
95
86
43
224
36
The patronage of appointment rests only with the
home authorities, that of prnninliim is thus inaim;;e(l.
A writer on proving his riualitlcation.s in India, is
allowed to fix on any hiancli oC the service, (revenue,
judicial, or political,) and the i)rinciple of succession
to office is regulated partly by seniority, and partly by
merit, blended so well together, as effectually to de-
stroy favouritism, while a succession of offices is still
left open for the encouragement of talent and indus-
try. An Act of Parliament, provides that all situa-
tions exceeding in total value 500/. per annum, must
be held by a civil servant of three years residence vn
India; ditto, exceeding 1,500/. a year, by one of six
C'asuflltlen (hu'ludlii!? retirement*)
amoiigst the KuropeimCummlHuioned
(Jtlleeraof the Company'*
Army.
Total.
Bengal.
Madras.
Bombay.
Total.
146
161
444
246
501
71
322
529
399
490
No Keturni prepared.
376
329
287
142
221
127
81
107
63
82
34
169
96
71
53
30
1,')4
59
80
57
22
159
63
63
62
18
141
115
46
80
21
150
323
92
89
22
2(13
455
78
81
39
19^
522
78
50
39
167
483
71
78
45
194
317
75
59
30
164
255
174
C7
27
168
407
196
121
43
•JI'A)
420
107
94
32
2;t3
540
100
95
49
214
419
92
89
62
2:i:)
413
87
41
35
163
266
93
63
37
193
135
86
87
31
2(14
110
126
117
41
2M4
27
116
91
58
265
121
153
126
31
310
168
101
90
51
242
195
100
80
48
•r2>*
193
94
95
28
21"
260
114
99
1
32
245
: years standing ; ditto, exceeding 3,000/. by niic of
nine years, and of 4,000/. and upwards, by a servant
of twelve years sojourn in the Ka.st. Thus, for vacnn-
I eies under each classification, there are a certain
I number of candidates of the retpiired local experience
when the selection depends on the governniedf, but
every care is taken to make merit the ?ole grouHil for
eligibility and success. The salaries of the wholr
C\\i\ .Service are now undergoins; rcdui-tioii niid mo.
difications, which it is thought will tend to stiiiuilatc
the faculties of the fimctionarie8cmi)loyed.
The Company's civil servants are educated at the
F.a.st India College of Haileybury, where each student
must enter tied
per HniMiin tow
liiiralc c'lucifir
hrnneh of orjei
mill Bcieiire, uiii
C'liinril, and lli
Till' test of exi
The nomliiHtJiin
College, ronni^f
linriinifH eight ;
PJMclors ei.ht
ol ditto, Miillfiii
Jifto, forty-tu.
odii'crs, t\\iiii\
and private tii ni
mi expenililuii
1K115 til iN.lo, ,
fiif the liiiildiri):;
ral iiittrimieiits
niiiii'Mit to 2211,
ijiiciited was 1 ,',(
The following
ohservcil with n
(lutes tor adinisi
llailcyl)iiry.
The Coiniiiis'*!
millioiity of nil .\(
Victiirin, intituh'd
missioiiers for tin
llirectors of the I'
siili''i<tiMe Mniii'tiii
li'ni of Noiriinafioi
t'oMipany's (,'olleg
'liirliii; such suspn
(liilates for the sail
the Uiv. J. .\. (ii
Ciilli'L'e, Oxford, tl
Jiihn's College, (
Key, M. A., of Tr
Kxaniini Ts for the
the Kxn-iiiiieis nr
Canilidntcs for adi
at Ilailryliury, and
duly (pialllieit for si
Kaeli cnndidafe si
moral CDiiduet, iini
superior authority <
Ml which lie may li
hand of the private
have licen eoiilidi'd ;
liiivc reference to I
iiiiniciliatily precedi
Kaeli eiiiididnte s
Testament, and sliii
fur ailiiii<sion to I
fiMiiul to pos'iess a c
unless he he able to
'if the wi.rks of onr
limner, lleroilotus,
cles and Kiiripides ;
Kii'lisli some portioi
liiwing l.iitjn author!
Virjil and Horace;
will nirliidc fpiestioi
and philosophy.
I-Jich eniididate sh
history and geograpli
matical science, incii
metic, vulvar and def
'•oolisof Kiiclid. Hr
H(\nOST\N.— GOVKRNMF.NT ANM MH.ITMJY.
.1-^1
I ('.9
l.Vl
\:><)
141
vo:»
\'J-<
K.7
I'M
ir,4
I'll
ir,3
iici
i;ii4
•JH.J
;iio
:.'4j
iiiiiitt iMifiT lit'forr III' i* ai) yenrn III' ii^i', niid pny ID'i/.
per RiiniiiTi fownnU ilclrnvimt flir rxpniMVi' iitiil rin-
idirulc I'lliu'.ifioii wliii'li ho rt'cclsrs in rvcrv t'^Hi'iitliil
hr'tiifh (if iirii'iitiil uixl wi'^tcm liffratiirc, |lhilll|ll^y
mill Ri'imi'f, iiiidiT till' Hiipiriiiti'iiilniu'i' ol" n ('iillc;:i'
('iniMril, nii>l tlu< tnimt li'ariiiil |ir(iri'«»iirii Id Kn;;liinil,
Till' test ()(' cxiimiiititiniii lor « wrifi'i>lu|) l« H<'vi'r»'.
Mil' iioinliiiitiolis (liiniii; tli(> liftt tlvt' yniiH IriiM 'lie
{'nllcjri', rtilisi^ti'il (iC HDiin lit' liiilili'iiirli tlllff III
linnuir!'* ("JKht ; iif t'li'r!;ynu'ii ruiirtciii ; nl' Kiinf India
lliircinrs I'i.ht ; id ('iiiii|iaiiy'.< rivii hcrviiiitH i nirty ;
ol ditto, tnilitiiry ditto, twriity-fvvo j of dill . iinviil
pliitomiid^y, niid in tin' uvidciu-i'H of llu' Clirintlail
r('lii:ioii i«s ««>f forth In tin* works of P.ilry.
I' i« Ihowit vrr to he iiiidiT'itoiid that iiiprrior nttain-
r'><'"ii« ill oni' of the ilrpiiitini'iitH of liliTiitiirr or
K< ..iicp, I'liiiipii^fd in till' liiri'uoiiii; |iliin oi t'>;niiiiii«.
turn, Himll, at thr dlicri'tioii of llu' rxiiinini'in, ho con-
sidcrvd to (■oinprn'>ii>i' fur coiiipiinitivr d> tii iiiicy in
(itlli i|iiiilili(-iiliiitiH ; mid also timt the lAaiiiiiiation
Hhnll III- HO ciindiii'ti'd as to (.'ivi* to null randidnto
rfaioiinliU' time to pir|i.irt' hiiiiii It for thr naiil vxn-
niiiintioii.
Till' I \aniinri'i n* ahnvc nppiiintcd arc iiistriirtrd
ijltto, fiirty-two ; III' Ills Miij. 'Sty's niilitniv mid iiiivnl i to nut't tortliwitli, mid t'l iljsldc tin' dutirs licri'in
ollici-rs, twi'iity-si'Viii ; iiiid of infichiiiiN hiiiikrrs,
.'Hill private |:eiitleiiieii, one liiliidrid mil tin. 'i'lie
ii('/ expenditure of the (olleL'e of Ihideyhiiry, from
li*il'> til iH.to, was MCi.T,!;.'"/., of whicli <j(,;.\ .'ll. was
fiif the liuildint; ; .■l,'<,.')."i;t/. fur books, and pliilii>oplii-
cal iiistrimieiits, \e. ; the siiliirir-' paid to professors,
ftinii'int to •J:,'i),7.to/ and the i 'iiiher of students
idiii'iited was I,;)7H,
Tlio followiiii; are the lliilcs anil Ur;,'nlatJons to lie
iiliiii'rved with respect to the I'vutiiiimtioii of ("aiidi-
dnti'H for udiniHsion to the M^t India (,'ulU'ge ut
llaileyhiiry.
India Hoard, Id Anpiist 1h37.
Tlip C'oniniissioners for the All'nirs of Imlin, by
mitliinity of an Aet passed in the first year of (jiieen
Vicliirin, intituled, " An Aet to authorize the Coin-
mlssiiiiiers lor the AlVairs of India, and the Court of
liirrt'tors of the l''.ast India Company, to suspend the
milisistiiii; Mnaetiiieiits c meeriiinij the fourfold sys-
ii>ni of Nuniination of Candidates for the I'',ast India
Ciiinpnny's (.'olleue at Haileyhury, and fur providiie,,',
iliiriiiu; sueli siispeiision, for the l''.xiiiiunalii)ii ol Can-
(liilates fur the said Cuilem'," constitute and appoint
assi);ni'd to them iiiiioie^Ht tlieiiiselves iii sueh ninniit'r
; as to i;ive to each e\amuier some drinirtiiunt or
I liraneli of t xamiiiatioii ; hut iilthoiiuh the exaininern
I me to examine each in his own depiiitnieiit, separately,
i they are to dnide I'lillietively, and alter due consul.
tation, on the idaims of eneli candidate, and are to
certify, under tjie hands of all leid ciicli of tlicin, their
decision fur his admission to the Collei;e of Hailey-
hury, or his rejection, as the case may be.
(sii,'ne(P John llnhhumti-.
'i'he manner in which the pa»r(Uiai;e exercised in
India is controlled hy the Home (iovcrnment of the
Kiist India Company, was nldy expliiiiied by the
sccri'tary to the Kast India Company, in hi.s lucid
evidence befiire the Select Committees of I'arliiimunt
in IM.'IL', relativi' to Indian alfiiirs: —
" 'I'he records, as now sent home from India, con-
tain the most niiiiiite description of the sirvicis, the
character, and conducli rf every individual in the
civil estalilishment. I'l'rhaps I may exi iiiplify it by
staiini;, that when nieinliers of council for India are
iippiiintetl liv the Court of Directors, a list of civil
servants within a );iven period of the standing; of
llie liev. J. \. (iiles, late fellow of Coipus Cluisti 1 those servants, from whence it. is proposed to select
i'lilleire, Oxford, tlie Uev. J. Isaacson, I'ellow of St
Jiihii's Collcftc, Canibrid'.'e, and 'I'liomas Hewitt
Key, >!..\., of Trinity College, (.'amliriilKe, to he
Kxainim Ts for the purposes of the said .Act ; and
the l''.xa'iiiiirrs are hereby instructed to examine
C'amlidntes for arlmission to the Kast Inilia Colle',;e
at IlRileyhiiry, and to decide whether or not they are
duly ipialitied for such admission.
Kacli eandida'^p shnll produce testimonials of ir-iod
mural cniiduct, under tlie band of the principal or
Mi]erior authority of Ilie culleixe or public institution
in which he may have been educated, or under the
linnil of the private instructor to whose cire he may
have lieen confided ; and the said testimonj.ils shill
liuvc relerence to his conduct durini: the two years
iiiuiiiiliati'ly precediii',' his presentation for ndmission.
Kaeh candidate shall be exaniincd in tlie (iieek
niemhers ol Coiiiieil, is laid hil'ore the Cnurl of Direc.
tors, •vliicb list contains a complete statemi .it of the
whole course of a servant's pro;;ress, from his arrival
in India as a writer, to the date at which it is pro-
posed to aiipoint him to a seat in council. So it is
with rt'irard to every other civil servant in the esta-
blishment ; and, if it would not be tninblinK the
Cominittep too much, I will take the liberty of read-
inc; n letter, which has particular referenci' to the
course now observed with reijard to the patronaire in
India, and the scrutiny which is exercised by the
iiiitliorities lure, or ratlier the knowledge which they
possess of the coiirsi" pursued by the jioverninent
abroad. It is an extrai't of a letter iVoin the eliainnan
mid deputy of the Court of Hireetois to l.'inl Kllen-
borouiih, dated November IH'.".)' 'The Legislature
has placed the local <:oveinnu iits in subonlination to
Testament, and shall not be deemed duly rpiahfi d j the (: ivernn.ent at boim', it has exactrd froin tliein
fur ailiiiission to Haileyhury Cnlleije, unless he he
fiiiiail to possess a competent kiiowled'jre thereof ; nor
uiik'ss he he able to render into I'.nnlisb some portion
iif the wi.rks of one of the followiiii? (ireck authors :
Homer, Herodotus, Xenophon, Thiioydides, Sopho-
cles and Knripides ; nor unless he can render into
Kiiglisli some portion of the works of one of the fol-
liiwin? l-utin authors: I. ivy, Terence, Cicero, Tacitus,
Virsil and Horace; and this part of the examination
will iiiclnile (piestions in ancient history, ppo^rapliy
anil phild^ophv.
tliu'h candidate shall also be examined in tnoderti
history and geography, and in the elements of matbe-
matical science, including the common rules of arith-
metic, vulgar and decimal fractions, and the Hrst four
•woks of Kiiclid. He shall also be examined in moral
obedience to the orders issued hy the "oiistitiitcd
authorities in this oountry. 'I'he I.iuislaturc
has provided, that all tlie Company's servants in
India, civil and military, under the rank of (iovernor-
(ieneral and (iovernor, shall, in the first instance,
reeiive their appointments Ironi the Court of Direc-
tors; that the nicinheis of council shall, exeeptins; in
particular cases, be nominated hy the Co'irt, and that
the (ioveriior-(icneral and (Jovernois shall likewise
be appointed hy the Court, with the approbation of
the Kins, "le I.p;;islntip.\ has empowered the ('oiiit
of Directors to recall the Governor-General and other
• lovernors, and to remove from oiriceor dismiss from
their service, any of their servants, civil or military,
and as a security against excessive lenity or undue
indulgence on the part of the court, it has conicrred
T T
„t «
II
i I
I i
m :]n
!| m;
K^
if i
.'I''
IIIM'.OSIAN.— (iOVI UNMKSr KOCllNK
upon the crown :'u' powir, inidfr Mis Majesty's Hi|;ii
inamiHl, roiiiiti'islmu'd by till' ri'i'siilfiit of flu- lloanl
nl' ('oinniisNiiMii'iM, ot' vncatiii;; iip|ioiiitnu'iits iiiiil
commiNsioiis, mul ol rii-allin); any ol' tlio Company's
ficrvantM, civil ur iinlitaiy, tVoiii the (iovcriiiir-lit iicral
ilovMUvni'il. lU these provisions, tlie fortune of every
servant of the ('oin|iany in loiiia is inaile ilepciiilaiit
<in Ihi' home anthorilies ; ami as Ion i; as the powers
with which the lalti^r aie thus entrusleil conliniie to
ho propel ly ami seasoiiahly exercised, there appears
to lis to III little irionml for apprehension that the
Indian functional lis will forfri't they are acconntalile
ii|;elits, and still less that this forijctfiilncss will he
t;i'iieiated hy so adeipiali' a cause as an occasional
lU'lav here, not in issiiinj; necessary in~triictioiis, nor
in rcplyini; to special iifcrcnces, hut in review ins;
their past iiroccedinus.
" '1 he I e!;is|alnrc haviiis: tlnm providid siilVu icnt
sureties ai;aii;st the indipendencc and irrespiiiiMhiliiy
of the i;o\eriiiiieiits in India, has with n just apprecia-
tion of the distance and all the extra- rdinaiy circum-
stances attendini; the connexion hetween the two
('iiiintrieH, not only left to the i:overnnici.ts there the
(listrihiition nml disposal of nil the Company's ista-
hlishiiients, civil and military, and the power of sus-
peiiiliiiv; from the service such indi\iiluals as may In"
unilty of miseon.hiet, hut has delet;atcd to them
powers of lei^islalion, and to the (iovi rnor-f;eiieral,
individually and tempoially, some of the most impor-
tiiiit rights of sovereignty, such as declariiif; w.ir,
niakin;; peace, and conclndiiii; treaties wilh lorei-^ii
Slates; anil while it has enacted, I hut the willul dis-
oheyinn, or the wilfully oimttinj;, forheari.";: or ne{-
li'Ctinc to execute the orders of the Court of Ihrec
tors hy the local Innetionaiies, shidl he ileeined a
inisdcmeanor at law, and made it pimishahlc as such,
the I'liactimnl is ipialillci' with the exception of eases
of necessity, the hurthen of the pioni of which neces-
sity lies on the party so disoheyini;, \c.
" Nor do the powers thus conferred (hiriro as they
arei exceed the exerencies of the case. It would he
siiperlluoiis in iMldressim; your Lordships to cnlar);e
on the ina;;nitnil • of the trust npo-^ed in the local
(;overnmcnts, ami the ihlliculties with which it i.s en-
coinpasscd, ditViculties so many and so tiri'at, as to he
almost insuperahle, if experience had not shewn that
to a >:reat extent at least they i .y he surmounted.
The imposition of the various checks wilh which the
system ahounds iiresuppoMs the urant of a liheial
eonlidenee in those to whom power is delc^ialcd. The
individuals selected for mem hers of the dillcrciit coun-
cils of (;overiimeiit are usually men of luiliiieevpe-
rienee, who have ilistiii'^zuished themselvci in the
»"vcral i^radatiims of the service. At the head of the
two suhordmate ;; ivernincnts are kciu rally placed
persons who have rccomineiided themselves to the
lioine authorities hy their eminent attainments, ex-
tensive local knowlcihv, tried liahits of hiisiness, and
useful services in India, or persons sent Iroin this
country, who, vvithou' exactly the same recommenda-
tions, are on otlici nn.ioicis -iipposed to po-.se-s ei|Ual
(|unlilications. 'The ollice of fiovernorlicneral li.is
usually heel) lilled hy nohlemen of i hvateil rank iin>l
character, who in some instances have held hii;h
otlices of state in I'li'^land, and who in t:oin;; to India
with the (pialities of llrilish slatesmeii, nave there llie
means of acipiiriui: a personal knowledj;e of theeountry
and the people whom they are sent to (govern ; and
the allowances of the (iovcrnor (icneral, other K"ver-
nors and memhers, as well of the supreme as n( the
»tiburilina*e ;;overninents, are lixed (.<i a more liheriil
scale, suitnhle not to the ehnrncter of mere executive
njicnts, hut to the (jreatness of discrctioniiry trusts
and the wei^h of their nsponsihility.
" It Is hy no means our intention, in siihinittiii); the
fore);oinj; consiilerations, to ii|>olo(;i/e lor any want of
proiinvliliidc or rci^ularity on the part of the local
uoveruments in reportim; tlnir |uoceediiu;s to the
Court Irom the ohlii;alioii ol carefully revisiii!; thove
proceedings, and conimuiiiealiiiL; their sentimeiils
thereupon within a reisonahle time, and ahove all ol
enlorcini; strict ohcdieiice to their orders where iid
siillieient reason is ijiven lor suspeiidin;.; or inodifun^
them : all that we imalito inltr i--, that when the re-
lative characters, posilion and powers of the coiistl
tilled authorities at luuiic and ahroad are duly cun-
sidereil, a minute interlereiice in the details of liulinn
adniiiiistrati Ml was not conleiiiphitcil hy the I.c^islii-
tine, and that as loii^ as a general supervision is
vvatchliilly cxerciseil.aml no proceedings of imporlaiiee
are kept hack from ohseivatioii, overlooked, or iie-
Kleeled, its iiitentioiis are not necessarily deleateil hy
an linear id' correspondence on iiiatlers of miimv
moment.
" It is ilmihtless indispensahle that the home niitlio.
rilies shall exercise the iilmovt caution and eiieiuii.
spection in the ^election of their Indian (;oveiniMs,
and III the choice of lit persons (ot the eoimeiU ni
!;o\ernment ; thai tlu'y ■'hall constantly and vii:ilaiill\
iiispei I the proeeedin^s of tli'ise i;overnmcnts, as llu^
may allicl the interests of the Slate as well as tlu-
chaiaclcis and prospects of ini!ividiinls : that euni
iiuMilalicui and censure he impartially dislrihuteil, ainl
that in eases of manifest in-oinpetence or uross inis-
comliict, the exlreme men ire of rcuuAal froiii olVae
he resorted to. It is inciimhent on I hem to lake erne
that, in our political relations wiih forei.'ii powers,
pisiice anil iiiodciailcn arc iinilorinly ohsci ved, lluil
llie diM'ipline and general cllieieiicy of the luiiiyiiri'
maintained, and that in the hiisiness of internal luh
ministration, the welfare of the native populatimi is
scilnloiisly consui'ed. It is ohh^atory on I lum nar-
rowly to scriitini/e nml loiitrol the puhlie expeiali.
tnre, to keep a watchful eye over all their servants,
to see that illslini;in.shed niciit is adeipiately eiiciMi-
ra'^i'd and rewardi d, that the undeseivini; are nol pi i.
ino< 'd hy lavoiir, and that evil doers are not iiii|ir.'
perly shielded from I he punishment due to deli!i(|iien-
cy. It is also wilhiii their provinces to convey to tlie
local ijoveriiiiients such instiuelions as may IVoin
time to iMiie he di'diied expedient with a view totlase
or oilier ohjects, and to enforce ohedience to tliea
orders when traiisi;iesseil or imperii ctly exeeulnl
vvilhoiit valid reason."
F.<rtisiii\lir,i/. — I'he l''.piscopnl clerii'iil estahhsliiiiiiil
in India is slated hcfore I'ailianient, in IHitJ, (hy Mi.
l.ushin;;ton I to he aileipiateto its purposes; theiiuiii-
her of l''.uropean chaplains in Isi", were, ll'.l ; in |hj7,
.M ; and in |s;t|, they were increased to "t'", of w lima
'M were nt lleni;al. Si at Madras, and l.'i at Hoiiilmy,
'I'lie elcru'v are under the cliarce of ii Diocesan nt Ciil-
ciilta, wilh ,'i, 11(1(1/. a vear, and two I'.ishops (iiiie nt
each I'risideneyl wilh 'J,')!'!!/, per lumiini each. Tho
total iharj;eof the eslnhlishmeni in |nJ7. was (Wi,;)i;i/.
slerlin;:. Ihelalesl siatislical return (fo- !'-.•.■; (;ivi'«
the iiumher of chap \ias, stations, nml eeelesm»tii'*l
i'linrt;es, as ft.ilovvs'. —
I'residcncy.
Kenu'nl .
Madrns
lUnnlmy
Stations.
. IH .
. IH .
Choplnins.
. 1'7 .
C;hiirp'.
i'lO.i;:'''
2((,l'.".t
C.II'J
Since this pi
liiins has hci
eliarm's nlso.
In IHIIO Ml,
Indian (iovern
|iiirt of the eler
i'piseopal sa.
Kiiiiian Callii
I'piseopal, Mai
Kiiman Calhol
Kpisi opal, Hon
Itonian ( atliol
S,7 l,lii'''.< rupee
ins ^'- lieori
l,s.".,'.M'.» rupee
and of St. Jan
sietion on ocli
XI. Militnn,
its separate an
the eominau Icr
lias a i;enei.d a
tntal armed fo
men : it may
viz. Killfi's cav:
K»ni;.i'((« eii;,'iiii
Ciinipany's Siiii
The Kuropean
lit present in nii
Corps.
Una. CiiiiipHnv's K
' Kninpr
Intici
Native
lliitii
Arti'liTV.
Ciiviilry
Infuatry.
Sl:lir..
rills Ml
. { linn ( .
[ Inllo
IIIsMk
II. C. K
I) I. N
. 1)0.
Mrilli'al l)<'|iarliiieii
( 'iiiiiiissariat Dill
Wirraiit otHeiTs ol ,
The total nn r,
iiliserveil, is •!, l.si
niiliiary service.
It'jjiiuelit is, of Kli
1 niiijiir, .'» cnpt-ui
si';iis; of )iiilirr
siilimliir and jeini
The eninmanil of
wIkiiii there are
ittinihny 7. 'I'he
nllii'ers, are — llei
M.iihns, Kinf;'s,
Kill^''s. 1 ; K. I.
I'.. I. Company, I
there are tiniflif-ii
liTV, 7 of h)ot nrti
:i iitliers In the si
I'livnlry ; - of lui
iiilniitry. In each .
allieers consisi of
■' enptniiis, M lieu
iiaaels, or ensij;i
HINDUS PAN.— Ml I.IIAUV KSTABI.ISHMKNTS.
.Tj;«
rii' I'xrcutivc
:ionaiy trii»t«
III) tilt ii\ iiur-
liiir servants,
K arc nol pri-
111' not iiiipr.'
to (U'liii(|ii('ii'
Icoiivi y til till'
Ills limy tiiHii
view totlusi'
stalilisliiiinit
U'h; the IKIIII'
Since tliis period tlie niinilier of 8l;>ti(iiis niid iliiip-
liiins Ims lieeu incre;\seil, mid eoiisi'(|iieiiII\ the
I'limS''!* »''"'•
In IHI'.O-.'II, the sniiiiies and iillowiinees paid hy the
liiihiiii (i.iveniiiu'iit, at emh I'lesldeney, lor th.' sup-
|iiiit ol' the elei\;y and pi lees of wor-ihip, was— Ueinziil
Ipiseopal sn.is. I,:;'i,s7i; ; Senleh Cliiiicli. '.'(i.l'l;
Uiiiiuin (."atholie, l.dOd ; total, -J.r.O.lfj:. Mailras
I'piseopal, Mad. is. '.'.Oi','.):!"!; Seoteli I'limeh, ll.Ti'.d;
Koinan Calliolie, ri,;t It, ; total, L',1.' l.dHJ, Hoiiihay
Ivpiseopal, Hoiiih.is. 1 ,7f',.'i7'< ; SeotehChiireli, •jn.Hi'.'J :
Uiuiiiin (atholie, HJO : total, :',(l(^•.'^<l). limiid total,
S, 7 I, •>•''.* rupees, or ahmit S."i,0()()/. 'The eost ot'liiiild
ins !*'■ (■eor!:e's Cliiireli at Madia-., has lieeii,
l,8.'>,'.M'.> rupees, ol' St. .Vndiew's at Madias, •J,L'l,Tlil ,
mill of St. James's, Caleutta, ('i;t,(IOi) rupees. (See
sietion on iIelii;ioii.^
M. Milildiii E.sliihlishmi'iil .-— \'nc\\ I'rvsjdeney lias
its separate arinv, eoniniander-iii-ihief, stall', ."te. ; hut
till' eoiiiinnii ler-in eliief of the Supreme (ioveriiineiit
1ms a ijenei.d auilmrity overall the I'ri sideneies. 'I'lir
liilal armed force in hiitish India is uhoiit l<.)l,li(Mi
men: it mny he said to consist of three hranehes,
viz. Kin(;'s cavalry lunl inl'iintry; !•'. I. Company's
Kiini/.i'ifM eiif;inei'rs, artillery, and infantry -, and the
Cimipany's Salirc artillery, cavalry, and infantry.
The K.nropean olVieeis serviiii; iii llritish Indiii are
iit present in luimher and (listrihiitioii iis folliivvx :
Corpii.
llmi. Conuiniiv's Kmjiiioi'rx. . . .
' KiiriM"''Oi lliTso . .
Iiillii liiet
Native llnrse
Hiitii |i)i>t . . .,
Ills M.iji <tv's»eKl
,\ni'KTy.
I'ttvalry.
Iiifiintrv
St;i(r.
Ili'll (ciiiiii.'s Iti'i;-
jiitli) liKKiiliirs
' Mis Miije--M'sll. K<.
II. C. Kin-.'i) Hill.,
I) ,. Niil. Uetriilrs.
Hii. lireKiilum.
Miili.'iil Di'parlimiil . .
( iininii-sariiil Diilo
Wirrant ollirers iil Artillery
Tut III
.■Ml
Ml
tin
l'.>
ir
.Ml
■iv':i
torn
•jn;
M
IK
•i'J
iiir
4'J
■it
'Jli
is
an
:(
■.'s :i:i
4'J.'i
!it
l-JH
l.^:l.^ iiii'j
l,".IS(l; or V'.t colonels, the same of lieiit. colonels and
of niiijors, I'.l.'i captains, 7'.l- lieutenants, ;tyt', eiisit;ii»,
and alioiit I HI) superiunneraiies nf the junior rank,
avvaitjiii: the proeess nf ali'-orptinn.
The aver:ii;e iiiimherof lMiro|ii iiii olVii'ers in Uenijal,
annually for the la^f IH veins, has been, l,7."il; of
easuiilties HO per annum, or I in '2'2 ; ol dea'hs ;") J, or
I in .■!-'; aiid of lelirenieiit, S.C., 'Ji',, or I in (w. In
Madias, total nuniher of otlieers, l.lllf, ; of casua'ties
7.',, or I in Is; of deaths :',J, or I in 'JC, ; iind of re-
tirements, \e. 'J.'t, or I in ." H In Komhay, total
liumlier of olliceis, TeJ I ; of casualties .'II, or I in IH ;
of deaths L'l",, or I in 'J I ; of retireiueiits, Jve. H, or I
in 7m. I I'or tahles of each department of the service,
pay, allowances, ,>vc. see .(/i/koi^ r.)
Tlie total casualties (>f eoinniissioned o!''.eers in the
!•'. I. Company's army at the three Presidencies, from
ls|;t to IS.tH,' has heen yearly. \>'<'.K I.'<1, l;'>'.i, 1 Ci,
I 0, •-'ii;i, i;n, I (',7, 111 I, ic. I, ics, jr.p, •_>;<;(, i!i i, j;i:i,
ii'.'t, |i.i:i, L'oi, •jil, '."J?, '-"-'s.
In I'tlt.'i, the nnmlier of liiuh-rnnkrd olVicers of the
I'".. I. Company's service attiulud to the Iii.li.ii army
estahlisliment was :- -
llJ
I. Ml
li
nil)
l<H
all
It.VNK.
■a
c
l.ii'Ulenant-denelals. .
Maji:r (Jeiierals . . . .
Colonels
t",
;)
SI
In Kurope
'.".I
On service
•II
,
>»
s
i
o
o
S
03
H
10
«'
ir.
1.1
•t
L'l
•M
:il
1 (•>'.»
70
:«7
'joc.
.',0
li'.t
i:a
•M
Ti
IHS
l.SS
'I'lie total nil r.her of I'uropian ollicers, it will he
'II
le lit'ut. -colonels at 'he same period iimouiited to
JIM'i, ma|ois -jor,, eaplains I ,o;iO, and siilinllei ns
,17'i.
In the Company's army there is no halt pay list, no
sinecures, iiiul no peiisinners under J.', years' service
iiitil that period is ccinpleted, I'.iiiopeiin eoniinis-
sioned ollieers are not eiiahled to reliieon the lull
pa\ of then rank, which is iittained hy seniority. A
lieiil. ••ohiiiel, major, or captain, relirts on the linlf-
pay of Ins ri.nk. If his heaiih leipiiies his relin(pil.sl)-
lii;,' the service, and ii lieutenant liavins; served i;t, or
an eiisi;jn 'J years iiiicliiilniL' .'1 years for a fiirl(ini!h)>
may retire on ill-health certiruates, on the half pay of
iliserved, is '1,^7, of whom ~yi ait' in the Kiii-r'" I their rank. 'I'lieie ar,- mililaiy funds to which lilernl
military service. Tlie complement of olVners to each | siihscnptions aii' ihiide hy the Company's (ioverii-
ri'giiiient is, of Kkcii/ickii ', 1 cnloinl, I lieul -rolonel, inent ; hiil the cliauis are principally home hy the
I iiiiijor, .') capt liiis, H lieutenants, I cornets or en- iillieeis thiniseUes.
si'.'iis; of iiiilirr comniisvuiiied ollieers there are a|
siihailar and jemadar with each tionp or ■omp;uiy.
Tilt' iniiiiiiand of stations is yiven to hiiL'iidiers, of
tthiiiii there are in lien'-;id I'i, in M.nlias \j, and In
Knaihav 7. The divi>lonal tomiiiaiids, iindir i;eneial
ellif
— Ilen[.'al, Kinji's, i! ; K. I. C:!!!>p.o!
M.iilras, Kin^;'s, 'J ; I'".. I. Company, ;i ; Uoniliay,
Miiil's, I ; v.. I. Company, 2. Total, Kiii|;'s, .'i ;
I'.. I. Company, 10. ()n the Henual estahlisliment
there are iiiiiflj/iiiiii' corps ; nuiin ly, .'t of horse aitil-
liTV, 7 of foot artillery ; a corps of eiiyineers eipial to
II others In the stren|:lli of its ollieers ; 10 of imlive
nwnlry ; - of I'liiiopiiin iiifinitry ; and 71 of n.itive
iiilKiitry. In each of these the I'.iiropeiin coinmissloin d
nllicers consist of 1 colonel, I lieiit. -colonel, I major.
The idliceis in the Company's service receive com •
niissimis from llis Majesty eorrespniulim; wiili those
which they receive from the V.. 1. ( ompaiiy ; hut,
Westw.ird of the Cape ol (lood Mope, llie Ci,|iipiiny's
iilVietrs p.issess mi rank when on service with the
l\im;'s ollieiis ; easlwiiid of it, t hey take precedence
aecoidui^ to tiatc and rank of commission. It is lint
jnstjt'c to state, that in no pint of the nlohe can iliere
he found a hiavir tir more nentleiiiaiily comninnity
tliiin the ollieers in the Compiiny's service.
I'lie ollieers lor the I'.ast India army are iducatednt
.\itdl-,-omlie Colle;;e, anil instiiiclid in the oriental
Iaii|;uii'.;es as well iis in nijhtary discipline.
Ill', Ileal Croydon, was piiiciiased in
.l.l.li.
,/.,' /'/.
|HO!l of K. II. I). Uadclitle, l''.s<|. for 111, (.0 1/. lO.v
It
'inptniiis, H lieutenants, iind t second lieuteiianls, | was pievuue ly the residence of the Karl ol Liverpool,
luiiK'ts, or cmtiKiis. The total estnhlinhment thus is ' and lepiited one ul llie lust red bin k hiiililiii);s in the
i
■.V24
iiiNUOSTAN.— mil; TAKY KSTABI ISHMKNTS.
Htl I
Rl!;»i '
i:!!' •!
county. Thi! land consists u( Ci i'ltl's iroeliold and
24 rent hold.
Pri'vious to its cotivt-rsion into a iniiitnry scinii\ary
tlic ('(liicatlon of tlic Conipany's {'ndi'ts was coiiiliicti'd
at Mnrluw, at H'lKilirirh, or priralrh/. 'I'lii' ninnluT
of cadets at Woolwich was limited to 4Ci, and the
avcrairo expense was iMU. each. The company al-
lowed JOO i;iiineas to each cadet ediieafed privately,
and -t.') miiiiias, or half the yearly e\peii.'>e, to each
cadet educated at Marlow. The estimatKl expense
for two years of each cadet educated in their own
seminary was IhhI. l(i,«. The seminary was oris;iually
contined to the education of ollicers f<ir the artilh ry
or engineer corps, and the refriilations for its estuh-
lislnnent were trained in ohedi nee to the 4tih clause
of the Act of the .'i.'lrd Cua iie III, cap. ."I'l. 'I'he
estahlishment and ohjcet of the institutiiui were sanc-
tioned hy a revolurion of the (niieriil Court of the
7th April, iHd'.l. It was placed under the superin-
tendence of Dr. .AtKhew, who wa-; |i:\i(l at the rate of
80/. each per ainium for iWi pupil-.. When the semi-
nary was tirst estahlislu'd the cadets' suhscriptions
were at the rate of ''<f. a \v\r, and tiny also fjurid
certain articles of military clo'liin;,'.
The successive aumnc ntations which have taken
place, are— 1st. .\pril ls21, from 'MU. to 10/. a year,
in addition to the sum of 1.'3/. U'-.v. .'i /. for ciothmg.
:ind. March IH, lsi",», first year, ('■.")/. inclusive of
military outfit ; second year, .10/. On the Hit h Jan-
uary, I Hjf<, the seminary was opened for the educa-
tion of cadets for !>i iimil .sr/r/cc, exclusive of iiiralnj.
3rd. On the 1 Ith ()etc>l)er, Im.-)."), the Court, consider-
ing the payment nt the csuiets was disproportjoned to
the value of their education, fixed them at tluir |
present rate, which, all expenses included, may he
taken atf'iW. iHv. per term, or ahout I'Ki/. fur the!
two years' residence.
The huildlng of the collCL-e cost hj, «<'.;»/., and the
total expense, from IMIO to \<M), was ;<(',(;, I .'i I/. ; of
which :i7,I.T'i/. was for instructing,' the cadets in
frii;onom( tiical surveys, and the en!;iiieerin'.r, Jtc. ;
IH,7.')1.'/. for hooks, stationery, and tnathemafical in-
struments. The rewards to cadets for in<lustry and
talent amounteil in four years to l,('.(Mi/.
'I"hc annual total expense of the seminary, upon an
average of the six years endin'.; MiiNmnmer HH'-.tnay
he taken nt ahout :.'0, 000/. of which the CMUipany's
propnrtion was hetween ll.oiiO/. gnid I:(i00/. The
nundier of cadets (pialitied duriiij; this pi .od was —
engineers, ."iH ; artillery, isO ; iidantry, J 12.
The plan of this nohle institution originated with
Mr. NV. .'Miimrton, of the India Hnusc, luid hy a reso-
lution of the ( ourt of Direi tors, llth April, Iho;), an
honourahle tiihute was nuiile to his "zeal, attention,
and vi-;ilanee." The tollowins; resolution was passed
hy the (ourt nf Directors, ■.'Jnd Noviinher, l'»;!7 : —
"That all the tinu' dnriu'.; which cadets actually
coiitiiuie at the ndliiary seminarv, alter attainini; the
age of Ki and hefore they pass their puhlic examina-
tion (prctvided they pa-^s within the fixed period of
four terms) shall count as a portion of the period
which may eventually entitle f In m to retire upon full
piiil imder the ref,'ulations as now estal)li»hed."
The followiii'.; analysis was (pinted \n the Mouse of
Commons liy the Ki'jht Honourahle K. ('. I'erirusson,
on Friday, the :."ith July, I^M;), on a motion that oiu'
fuurth of the cadetships he set apart for Sons of
Conipany's Oflicers. The Kiiiht Honourahle CAV.VV.
Wyiin's motion aiis ne!:atived without a division, a
satistaetory proof that the Court of Directors had
rxerciucd their n^ht of patronage in iin i-nexception
ahlr manner. The rules and regulations estahlislml
for tiie good government of the college are admirahle.
Dlstriaatiuti of the Court's Military I'atronage, from isii
to im:i:).
- 5
= i
d c«
V.
'^0
■X. «
c.t:
c ■=
! a
s
!'■ - « 1
a
= S
S'- -.= s
isia
INIt;
INI.S'
IhKlj
IHin
ISIh
IK|(»
1M'.>(I|
IH-.M
IS.'.'
is'.-ai
I K'J I
Is 'J,'.
isjii
isj;
IS'jS
IH-.'(|
Ih;i'i
ls:tl,
\»M
1 h;i:t
47
}«^:{i
8. -I
■lafi
•V-T
4!l|)
lii:i
•Jll
an:)
■.\\.i
.'■"ii
Ml.)
•AM
IX:(
117
I'./
•i
•id
:vi
46
^a
15
44
•J«
1.^
:i7
2:t
•i.\
U
7
3
nit)
<j
2
'J
'«
H
7
M
(
10
9
17
Hi
7
1
4
S
3
6
I
„
•i
a
}3
5
14
••'.5
■JO
18
IH
10
l:i
17
ly
It
11
11
11
n
1
4
4
1
1
{'i
II
1
16
y
l:i
' -M
1
VJH
■i\)
/
\i
17
a
x\
, •^"'
4
•Jl
1 12
H
1»
' -Jtl
4
10
:>ii
3
.iO
1'^
a
31
i :i:)
a
32
1 31
3
■M
10
1
26
I
3
11
2
N
~ - 2
;i
12
vli
ii(l
III
till
liiii
72
l!l
(li
1*7
III',
1(18
(O
III
'-".1
17
Hi
I
124
224
4U1
4U ; 3yu Illy
II am iiulehted for the firceoing information to Mr.
T. H. Clarke, of th" Co'.ie'.'e Ollice, K. I. House.)
The following 'ai)lc will show the scale of studies
pursued. There are professors of various departiiaMt.s
of kiiowleilge, including chemistry, geology, JvC.
Arriiii),',Mn.iit of .stiirtirs, Kast India Cnnipnnj 's Milil.iry
Seiidnary, Juniiary, ih3U.
I Sum.
I
I Win.
7 to 8 A.M.
7it0 8j
A. >l.
U to 11. 1 11 to I.
■i to 3J. I .
r}tn9J
p. u.
tu {I r.ii.
I iMnlh.
.Mathema- „'>'„;,„
Math,
lurtlrt.
tics.
Kortlfl. Hliirlns.
lliixliis. KiTlirt.
I'cititl. Fortlli.
Miitli. Miiiiliis.
\lil. I)r, .Mntli.
I.ntin.
I ilirnry.
Mutlu'ina.
IIIimIiis.
Latin.
in
It
1.
u
s
i I
Id
Mathema-
tics.
Math. .Mil. Ilr. Mil. Dr. I.jlirarv.
(ivill)r civilOr. Civil Dr. Mi'tlnina.
'Math.
Math.
Math.
Math.
I'cirtirt.
Kreiicli.
Kreiie'i. rrcmli.
Knrtifl. I.ihniry.
Math, ij.ibtary.
.Mathcma,
•Ics,
Mnth,
Math.
Math.
Math. Iliiiiliis.
l-iirt;H. K(>rti6.
Illi.iliis, Miith,
.Math. Clvilltr c:i\ill)r.
Civil Ur IliiiihiH. IIIikIiis,
.Mathrma-
tiCH.
I Math, lortirt, Knrllfi,
Kortirt. Iliiiilus. I.atiii.
lilindtis. .Mil, lir. Mil, Dr.
* 1
U 1
U. '
1
•t
lA
1
a
^ 1
'1
g
.1
4
:;
S
Mathciiin
tics.
Math.
,Math.
Matii.
Math.
.Matli.
|l->.rtirt.
I Math.
I'nriift. lliiiilii<
Hiiiiliiti. I'lirtifi.
tlllKlllS.
F'.nift.
Kortifl.
Mil. Dr.
lortirt.
Hill. Ins
I-orlifl.
Mil. Dr.
l.iitin.
Matlu'ina.
l.ihrary,
l.iliiHry.
l.ilirary.
IKriMich.
Matlicma.
IMalliciiiH.
lllllllllK,
Latin.
Library,
!l''i('iicli.
I.nlln.
Miitlieiiiii.
Ireiicli. Froiuli. Mathfina.
Mathema
t!r«.
iClvilDr Civil Dr. civil Dr jlrfiicli.
IMttth. ;M1I. Dr, Mil. Dr. 'Library.
|t:ivill)r. Civil Dr, Civil Dr. Library.
.Math. iKreneli. Ireiii'li. {Iiimlii..
Math. :llliulii.s. HiiuhiH |Latiii.
The follov
iion-co!,-,iiiiss
and the corps
Hon. Conipain
The native otli
ropcans. The to'
fi whom 3f<7 are
tbi' Eiiru|)eHn pri
The luiuve otlicei
in;; to their merit
nun, grey in yeai
(■ulutcd lo he the
wpcan mill the
ons cstnblisliiil
c are admirable.
iiage, from lai i
4U ' jyu III!)
"oniiation to Mr.
. 1. H..
■ SC-.)
scale of studies
(Ills (Icpartiiunts
L-olosry,
ivC.
mpan) 's
Military
1.
rjtooj
!to:!j.
p. M.
7 to il I'.M.
iiultis.
I.ntiii.
orliti.
l.iliriiry.
iittift.
Miitlit'ina.
ii'iliiM.
ililnlllS.
atli.
I.iitin.
il. llr.
I.ilirarv.
iMlDr.
Mntliiinii.
■fllC'l.
I'ri'iiih.
Tliti.
I.ihnirv.
Util.
il.iliiary.
illllllM.
I.iilln.
.rtifl.
Miitlii'ina.
uth.
l.ilirHiy.
MlDr
I.ibiarv.
illllllK.
I.ilirarv.
irtifi.
Ihri'iii'li.
tin.
Ma'lit'iiM
1. Dr.
J Nlallit'iim.
nitii.x
IliiiiliiK.
itili.
Latin.
Irtiti. I.ilirarv.
Illiln:^. ll'll'IICll.
Irtifl. Latin.
|l. Dr. Matlieina.
Liicti. Mallicraa.
J il Dr :l ri'iirti.
|l. Dr. I.ilirary.
^il Dr. I ilirary.
i-li. jliini;il'.
|ihIii» l.allii.
niNDOSTAN.— MILITARY ESTABI.ISHMKNTS.
325
The follov'lng table shews the number ot' Kuropeaii
iion-coi.'iinissioned offlcer-s and rank and tile in India,
mill the corps and presidencies to which they belong :
.\rtllU'ry
Cavalry
hil.uitry
lliuj. Company's Eii(i:incfr-. .
' Eiirdp. an Morse
Ditti) Flint ..
Native Horse
Ditto I' lot
r II, .M. U, :mieiifs
\ II' II. (d. s ditto
II. -M. Kiiropean
lion C'o.'s ditto
Do. N. lleu'iilars
Do. Irre|,'ulurs
.Malf
liivilids d;tto
Total
•u
23
ao'
>M)H
4S8
•n '
2>i;ii
I4:il
b-17 '
ti
w
8
•2
2
1 'JIIJ
6.'i(>
5().J
nil
IH
9
diii:i
.IKI.-i
27111
y:i;i
;.-,(i
r«2
Mli
1114
II
!)H
t'r
:iO
l/T
iiUti
aa
I7.'.8
hg.-ii
iiiiy
11)27
4a.'i4
18
12
•.•.•rJ5
<u
l:iS7y
2171
•-'I'll
17
2II.-1
475
21)277
I'he total number of Kuropcan troops in India
ixchisive of coinniissioned ollicers) is liit,',)7.'i, of
whoii) iy,540 belong to Mis Majesty's cavalry and
mtaiitry regiments. The nuniber of Kini;'s troops
strviiiK in liuliii from IHIH to lislii), has been annually
as follows: :il,4'.l(), •Jo.oVj, Wt.HjH, JO.I.'i-', 1h,709,
211,110, i7,r)ho, iCi,74:i, ir,,-j'H), ir),s7ri, iCi.Ci.-i-j,
u];.]'j'), \r,,(]K\, if,,s32, \H,2Mi, \\),r,i2, i'0,i;)2,
■H);l\ri. 'I"he cost of these troops (ilvfniiu'd In/ Ihi'
natiri's «/ huliii, not by the liritish public) varied
ironi t<iiO,(lOO/. to 1,1100,11(10/. a year, independent of
charges at home — (viz. GO, 000/ a year for half pay.
Sec.) 'Ihe K. 1. Company arc authorized by I'arlia-
naiit to raise annually, in the United Kinirdimi, a
character and dashing bravery in the field (whether
Flindoo or Moslem) has been previously shewn, and
it is regretteil that they are not enabled to attain a
hij^her rank than subordinate to the youncest Kuro-
pean Knsiirn. Killadars or Coniniandiints of forts
should be allotted for the veteians — and every (ie-
neral Otlicer should have one or two native Aide-de-
Camps.
The rinmher of native non-c. mmUsinnod ofBccrs and
rank Kiid tile in India, and the corps to whicli
they bcloiiif, arc —
Corps.
Bengal.
Madras.
IuCb
llonibay
Total.
Hon. Coiii|»'n. Entriiioers
Ifvil
soy
34(18
Kiiropran Horse ..
101)
lUU
Do. l'<iot
, .
u
Native Horse ..
:i4l
47H
*
822
- J
Do. I'oot Hejriilars
lyir
(iia
till!
a nil
4-t
Do. Irri'Kiilars.. ..
<
(inn I.ascars ..
1248
.V12
s.-.i
2711
Oidnanee IJrivi'rs..
7.i.'i
t)a7
layj
*-»'^^ i^^.-
4!mii
;iyio
13.1.1
IU245
:ui8
safi
4281
'"^-•'^ {^Xr^-
.14201
iisya
38238
18,147
yi2
IIO()8(i
10.10.1
Invalids
1878
yi2
2790
Tot.il .. ..
■Ml 07
47384
24y23
150S14
* No separate corps of horse artillery.
These troops are composed of Hindoos and Mussul-
mans, &c. mixed in every regiment, in a (.'reater or
less proportion ; and in discipline, cleanliness, sobri-
ety, and bravery, they are unsurpassed by any body
of men. The native artillery make it a point of honour
nevei to desert their guns, and wherever a British otticer
certain number of men lor the supply of their Inilian | ^^il' had, it has larcly or never been found that his sc-
Army ; and in virtue of this authority, they have re- ' |)'>ys will not follow. The native cavalry aie excellent
iiuitcd and sent abroad during the last 1 1 years,
i;,ailO men, of whom HOO were disiiatehed to the St.
Ikiiiia ri;;inients. Their depot is at Chatham, under
Ihv K'lnmand of a few stalf ollicers ; the service is a
favourite one with the public, and the tiiicst young
iiicn in the country annually en;:age in it ; if steady
iiul intelligent, tiiey obtain rank as warrant ollicers,
deputy commissarii's, conduct ir.s of stores, ttc.
Siitii-f commissioned otticcis in the Indian Army
iia'ordiiig to the latest returns.
Corps.
l.i>)!ini.'erH
Mlorsc. ..
UtiUery i Toot .. ..
I. Irreaiilars
f Ki'K'ilrtts . .
\ Irri'Kiilars
f Hegiilars ..
1. Irregulars
Native Doctors . .
Totul. . . .
Civalry
infai/ry
bengal.
Madras.
llomhay ;
Teal
28
13
ly i
411
li
"
1
13
48
2.'
•^^ 1
y»
130
121
-.13 1
aoi
130
10 1
I4U
1187
ti8l
3«r
221)8
Ki.l
12
1* /
2iy
100
88
as;
IUI3
y.'.o
583
311(1
iinil fearless riders, superior to luiropeans, and good
swiirilsmen ; they are exceediii;;ly loiul of their horses,
and take the best care of them : of the whiile army, it
may be observed that no imii are inore alive to emu-
lation ; a medal is as highly prized by a sepoy as by a
Uritisli soldier, and hiiiidreds of instances of heroism
have been related of tliein which would do honour to
(jreek or llonian story. The Ikiisal army is considered
to possess the highest caste men, being princi[)ally Raj-
poits ; the Bombay si'poy is more a man of all-work,
and the Madiasites are, perhaps, the hardiest race,
but all are cNtretnely tenacious of their rights, and
adhere pimctiiiously to the customs which their re-
ligion ordains; any violation of either, particularly of
the latter, has ever been attended with serious con-
seipiences.
Di-tribntion of the Indian army according to recent returns.
liivlsinns of the Army. Europeans. Natives. Total.
Calcutta .
Diiia (ire.
The native ollicers are in fair proportion to the Kii-
ro|,eaiis. The total number of native ollicers is a.-llTi,
It whuin 'if! are native doctors, carefullv educated in
the F,
The 1
iiropeBii priiiei|)les of ineilicine and chirurgery.
i.u.vc oiKcers are raisi'd frmn the ranks accord-
ing' to their merit, and are a most exemplary Ixuly of
men, grey in years and experience, they are well cd-
rulatcd to he the iiiterinediate link helSMVii the Ku-
roptan ntnl the Sepoy soldier. Tluir steadiness of
Iliixar Kort
lliiiuro ..
Allaha'iad Kurt
Cawnpiire
Mi'i rut ..
.Sirhiiid .. ..
i>aiigi>iir
K ijioota' all K. I'.
Mr>war Do. . .
Malwa Do
mil
i.l;i2
33
2141
ly2
84
281
I 1148
4.^iyt
liHii;
nil 0,1
4ay,i
4124
17912
.11.-1)
1.1 13
l:lt)Hl
lyiii
82114
Oi.)!)
4.107
4i;y
440.1
lotul.
i.ej.ii O8O73 I yi):i37
P
«Vf
ti
'If
»
m
i
*^? (I
4
326 HINUOSTAN.— MILITARY KSTAIil.lSHMKNTS
Dlatributinn of tlie Indian army according to recent returns
vn
tM
h'>
Divisions of the Army.
Europeans.
Natives.
Total.
MAIIRAH.
Centre nivi^ion .. ..
2394
«9B1
11375
Mysore Division .. ..
1766
HWi
m'»
Malabar and Kannra ..
;(ii
■-Ml 2
3070
Northern Division.. ..
.'ilO
7.-.5.'>
f-nf.r,
Sniitliern Do
l(l2ti
.''h;7
69«3
Ceded Districts .. ..
imi
14!),1
2176
Hyderabad Sub. F.
lOHO
.171!)
6799
Nagpore Do
ii:i<)
3!).',1
5119"
Tennasserim Provinces
I. "14
7(iti
ir.'n
Pr. Wales Island &c. . .
h;
1704
1791
Total.. ..
pijoi
4(i562
56493
»OMBAV.»
Bombay Garriiion.. ..
urs
2896
3874
Southern Division. . ..
I OHO
593(5
7016
I'ooiiali Do
3012
6569
(1871
Northern Do
1I,V
97rt«
10917
Sattarah Siihsiiliary ..
14
715
759
Asseergurh Fortress . .
11
742
753
Total.. ..
20638
30190
• European Commissioned Officn.s on staff, employ, and
leave, beyond the limits of this I'rcsldenrv, not imhideil ;
European and Native Veterans are included in European
and Native hiiantry
The establishment of King's regiments in India is,
Bengal, cavalry, 2; infantry, 8. Madrns, cavalry, 1 ;
infantry H. Bombay, cavalry, 1 ; iiifniitry, 4.
Grand Total of King's and Company's Military Force ;
Corps.
Ilcngal.
Madras.
llombay
Total.
Engineers
1729
I(i8l
9IMI
43 III
Artillery
7614
4288
311911
14992
Cavalry
111133
4841
311118
I79>'5
Infantry
-3642
45866
23952
14341)11
Medical Department .
413
228
140
781
Commissariat
25
25
13
63
Staff .
192
181
nil
483
Invalids
177
2144
94)
3265
Total . .
93925
59257
32157
185339
The subsidiary Indian forces and contingents, where
they are spccitied in treaties with the Kast India Com-
pany, ore as follows : — Siilisiiliarii. Oude not less
10,000 men ; the Nizam, two rei;iments cavalry and
eight battalions of infantry ; the (iuicowar, two regi-
ments of cavalry and 4,000 sepoys ; Nagpore not sti-
pulated ; MiiUiar Rao Holknr, the strength judged
adctpiate by the British Government ; 'linvancoro,
three battalions of infantry ; Coi'hin, one battalion
ditto, Mysore and Ciitch not specified. Cuntlnu^rnls
of native chiefs; the Nizam, Id cavalry and 12,000
infantry; Guicowar, .'l.OOO cavalry; Nugpore, 1,000
ditto; Ilolkar, 3,000 ditto; Mysore, 4,000 ditto (cen-
tral India); Jondpore, l,.''i()() ditto; (JhulToorkan,
600 ditto; IMiopi-.iil, f'.OO cavalry and 100 inlantry ;
and Dowlah and Purtumbgnur, .■)0 cavalry and 200
infantry; and Dewap 100 cavalry 100 infantry. The
following chiefs, not included in the i>receding list,
aie pledged to bring forwaid troops to the extent of
their means when retpiircd by the Company's Cio-
vernment : Rajahs of Hiuirtporc andMaelicry; most
of the Uoondcia chiefs; chiefs of Rajpootana and
Malwa not enumerated above, and the Rajah of K:it-
tarah. The military '"orce of the Rajpoot States is
7,070 cavalry and 27,78m infantry, of which Kotah
alone has 2(»,700 infantry and 4,20(1 cavalry. Siiidia's
army amounts to 10,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry;
Holkar's force, .T,4,'')('> cavalry and 2,000 infantry ; the
Rajah of Sattarah has 300 cavalry and 5,000 infantry;
Kunjeet Sing's formidable force as given in the Mee-
rut Observer, is as follows.
The Seick army of the Punjaub was, so late as th,.
commencement of the |)resent century, a mere rnilj.
tnry confederacy of predatory horse, and that gallmu
but unfortunate adventurer, (ieorge Thomas, coiisi.
dered them the most contemptible troops in Hindoo.
tan. The talent of Runjeet Sing, has within the lii
twenty-five years established the military reputatii,;,
(it the Scicks, and this prince now possesses a rci;iil,ir
arniy, accustomed to war, full of ardour, and jcaluus
of renown ; the Seieks possess many (pialities whii 1,
admirably fit them for a military life ; they are imii.
vidiially brave and athletic, and are free from tho ,
prejudices of caste, which detracts from the iiiilitu.;
classes of the native soldiery of British Iiuliii. .\
Seick will eat of any thing but bi'rf ; his religion
never retjuires him to undress at his meals, nor (Iocs
it prescribe fasts, or inculcate any thing to interfVri
with the duties of a soldier; like the soldier ol l.u.
rope, the Seieks are however not averse to the use 1 1
terniented li(iuors, and their Sirdars are notoriously
addicted to the vice of drunkenness.
The foreigners or Hindoostanies of the Seick aiinv
are men from the provinces of British India, nnii
receive a stipulated monthly pay ; many of the Sdck
soldiers receive rations of grain, besides their |)ay,
Genrriil Alistravt of the Sfick Army. — Guns in dil
ferent forts, lOH; Ditto Horse Artillery, TiS , Ditto
Foot Artillery, 142; total guns, 308. Mortars, f, ;
Jamboorans on Camels, 305 ; Cavalry regular, ,"),200;
Ditto irregular, 43,300; total Cavalry, 4S,r)00. In-
fantry regular, 6,000 ; Ditto irregular, 17,000; total
Infantry, 23,000. (iolundaze, 1,.')00; grand total
Army, 73,000. The horse artillery of Kunjeet's army,
consist of guns of small calibre, and their field e(|ui|i-
iiieiit resemble that of our late foot battericN; ajid
conse(|ucntly such artillery would be utterly iiiialileto
cope with our horse artillery ; still, as these guns arc
drawn by horses, their fire would be always available,
which is not the case with bullock artillery.
In 1708, Tippoo Sultan's field army was estimated
at 47,470 fighting men ; and his revenues at ont'
Crorc of Rupees ; Rtmjeet Sing's army amounts to
73,000 men, and his revenues to one Croreand eighty
lakhs of rupees.
The Ilydrabad subsidiary force, stationed in His
Highness the Ni/:ain's dominions, is furnished from
the Madras Presidency, and consists of the followin;
troops ; one battalion foot artillery ; two troo|is
of horse artillery; a park of heavy guns ; two re;i-
incuts native cavairs ; one regiment of Kuroiieaiis,
and seven legiments of native infantry.
The Nizam's regular and irregular troops umlcrtln'
command of British ollicers arc under the nuiiioiliati'
control of the supreme Government, and cmisist as
follows : four indep''iident companies of artillery, with
lai'ge establishments of field pieces and heavy guns;
one regiment of engineers ; eight regiments of regular
ndiintry; one garrison battalion; one invalid hat-
talion ; a body of invalids at Kllichapoor ; and tive
regiments of irregular cavalry.
The payment of the Company's Hydrabad Siih^i-
diary Force is provided for by treaty, and tin van
paid direct from the British treasuries throiigh tho
military |iayninster. As to the Nizam's tro ips, tluy
are paid direct by the Nizam's Government, the total
expense of which, it is said, amounts to about 4.' "t
43 lacs pt r annum.
The general servitude of the cfliccrs in the Com-
pany's army is thus shewn ; —
I 5,0(10 infantry;
iven in the Mee-
lllydralmd SiiIim-
Ity, and tiny nri
\\vf thniiiirh Ihi'
[in's tro 'i)s, tluv
[nmcnt, the total
to about 42 or
crs in tlir Com-
j:
H
01
B
0)
75
3
t/3
c
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U
3
O
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Id
DOSTAN.— KAST INDIA COMPANY'S MILITARY SE.
lo po,j3<I ""n'.tojd nSwj.iA V ^'^ «"=^ ?lS?i S2!£
V VICES.
•)1HHJ JU.lS.UlI iiaill <0'0-i .♦It^ , ^ ~m-
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!«bS;-2 tti;-2 t£';-2 &ii-2 Bir-S
nJ23 u™o iijjo "JJo '-■£ =
caSea nSa nSa n«a "^Sa
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I '
IIINnOSTAN.— MILITARY ESTAUI.ISHMRNTS.
Distribution of tlie Army in iHl.'i an.i in 18;iO.
Distribution.
In |Hi;<.
In 1830.
Incren<!n since
1813.
Decrease since
181.3.
5*
S
d.
Q.
s
ti
s
BENCAl/rilOOPS.
£
2
3
i
3
rt
x
Hcngiil, Haiiar and Cuttuk
2;i88
21622
5440
16776
3052' —
__
4«.|C,
Country bi'twitii liahiir and Oudc, including
Ganges Posts
1494
5885
1362
4(;;i3
—
132
12.VJ
Oude
155
630U
143
4S09
—
„
12
l.'illO
Dooab and Territory between Ganges and
Jumna.
4521
12975
4795
14124
274
1149
—
—
Koiiilcund . . . ■
47
1943
64
3863
17
1920
—
—
Acquisitions fiom Ne|)aul
—
—
41
3552
41
3552
—
—
Country west of tlie Jumna and north-west
of Cliunibul
765
19688
2233
15987
1468
--
—
37(11
Riijpiiotana . . • ,
—
—
357
9102
357I 9101:
—
—
Ceiled Districts in Nerbudda . .
—
—
246
6167
246
6167
—
—
Bunillecund
144
548K
97
3688
—
—
47
18(10
Maiwa . .
—
340
4693
340
469.'!
—
—
Assam, Sylhet, Chittagong and Arracan .
IS
1103
84
4776
66
3673
—
—
Pcnang . . ■ •
21
1620
—
—
—
—
21
1 ('i2()
Total . .
9:)');i
76633
15202
92170
5861
30256
212
147 1'J
lixclusive of Troops at Java Kort Marlbo-I
rough ; Kiigineers, Kscorts, Ordnance;
Drivers, Conductors, StafT, &c.
r,i;-,o
9429
399
4727
Grand Total . . 1
15703
86062
15701
96897
MAniiAs Tiioops.
Nizam's Dominiims
1136
8455
1347
6811
211
—
—
ICII
Rajah of Ik-rar's ditto
—
—
816
4001
816 4001
—
—
N'orthtrn Circars
594
4753
944
6714
350! 1961
—
—
Ceded Districts
10(12
1WH
1069
4472
67' —
—
3 lie,
Mysore . ■ •
Carnatic . . ^ .
3403
ISH91
P7'.'
:>M2
1
1624
:iL'0'j
4 '.(61
12246
38'.1
19571
— 7325
1120
—
Portuguese Territories
464
2H20
—
—
— —
464
28i;o
Malabar and Canara . \ .
1130
3076
95j
2491
— —
171
,"i8">
Tra\an('ore . • **• •
4;*3
2909
169
2455
— —
324
l.'-.4
Malav Peninsula
37
18
1141
2772
1104 2754
—
—
Candeish and Surat
—
—
—
— —
—
—
Poona
20
575
—
—
— —
20
.'.7:.
S. Mahratta Country
—
—
75
2456
75 1 2456
1
—
—
J'otal . .
13240
.'■.13,U
12140
57425
2623, 18497
3723
I24ii:i
Kxclusive of Knginecrs, ("onductors of Ord-
nance, Native Invalids and Stall'
350
4516
841
324
Gra..u Total . .
13590
55847
12981
57749
Bombay Troops.
Cutrh ....
—
—
116
1135
116 1135
—
—
Kattywar
—
—
32
!208
32 1208
—
—
Guzerat
1053
5890
126(1
7938
207 2048
—
—
Candeish and S\irBt
43
2205
108
5042
C5
2837
—
Bombay Island
3383
6828
i ;46
3873
—
—
1937
■j<j:,:>
N. a.id S. Concaii
24
1197
66
3997
42
280(1
—
—
Poonah and Sattnrah
253
7836
3580
7889
3327
5:1
—
—
S. Mahratta Country
—
—
861
1196
861 1196
—
—
Malwah
—
—
—
— —
—
—
Total . .
4756
33956
7469
32278
4650 11277
1937
29.1.^
Exclusive of Engineers, Conductors, Staff, &c.
122
35
258
143
Total of I'liri-e
Frrsiricn
cies.
Grand Total . .
4878
23991
7727
32421
13134
60030
5872
30077
1793.
54-
1791..
54;
1795..
50(
1796..
484
1797..
751
1798.,
738
1799..
722
1800..
771
1x1)1..
774
1H()2. .
719!
1H03..
76J'
1804..
765.'
1805..
7811
1806..
8857
1807..
H'.ir.'j
1808..
9966
1809..
10132
1810..
10715
.811..
1I7I1
1812.
152.(2
1M3..
15703
IS14..
124411
iHl,^)..
12617
1816..
13144
|K17..
12221
1818..
11582
1819..
11040
18:iO..
11676
IHJI..
11725
\x2-2..
1 1 500
lH:i3..
13606
Is24.
13565
!•<:'■)..
14141
IS:'f...
13809
1827..
14358
I'^^M..
I5:i29
lx:'9..
17978
I8:i0..
i5701
l-^^l..
1487C
\<'.->..
14294
I<i3..
1.3421
I8:i4..
13050
1n3.-...
13459
l«3fi..
13. .5 2
18;)7..
13181
No
<«>.— Thi
five yc
The Indian Ma
sulcrahie
, is of la
the Hoiii
bav Prca
four 18 giui shijis
two arm
d steam
liaii
ecrensc since
1K13.
£
3
M
s
>
V.
—
♦istr,
132
12.VJ
12
l.'idi)
21
37(11
1801)
1 r.L'i)
212 : H7i'j
ICIl
_
31 ii;
U',2l
32n'j
1 1 20
—
4fi4
■1^-1^
171
,'i8'i
324
4.'-.4
20
r,7J
—
372.S
; lJ4ns
1'J37 2'J5.p
Il<.l37 I 29^i
tcsidcncies.
■iH72
3007
llINnOSTAN.— MILITARY KSTABMSHMKNTS.
Military force in India, European and Native, for 45 years.
».'U
Force Kmiiloycd (King's and Company's).
Appoint-
ments.
Kins^'.s
&
Com.'s
*•*
VI
£3
3 a
< ^
European Commissioned
Conipni'.y's Officers.
Bengal.
Mad
ras.
Dombay.
"3 >.l
■- -3 1
m - ,
K "1
JS
to
— —
Glial
go, £.
■3
- 2
"0. a,
^
■s
ja
60
3
_o
3
Europ.
Natives.
Europ.
Nat.
Europ.
Nat.
IT '.»;)..
.^440
2!)»82
9981
29911
3317
10205
I7'J»..
:)437
2<Ji'..-).-i
9728
30728
3227
10214
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
I7'.i5..
."iooy
29304
8921
332 77
2942
10271
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
171*0..
4H42
32104
10020
38174
309 »
13(151
114
32
—
—
81
—
—
15041
17'.<7..
7.-. 11
32H12
13274
38910
3148
13340
132
29
2142
9
107
4.1
3 1 29
20537
I7'.IH..
r.w.)
401 or.
112H3
3(1501
3491
14541
408
30
2300
22
115
9.5
072H
23800
171);'..
7220
4H.-,40
119(13
40(103
4704
I03y-J
219
27
25y2
39
93
15.0
9(15(1
21592
IHOO..
77 ly
49322
10301
4(1050
4812
1992H
474
27
2859
51
95
17.8
17090
201M3
IsDl..
7740
.51 I (19
13043
72(153
2229
9042
43
28
30h4
71
100
23.0
2.3452
27402
1N(I2. .
7iyy
4.52-.7
13 1(10
f.7587
3 Oh J
9002
291
31
3174
78
110
2 4.5
21m30
32447
1HI13..
7 (".2 7
4:)22r,
127(15
59513
4538
10472
492
28
3185
93
157
29.2
291 40
42175
1H(I4..
Vfi.'.,')
710KH
12225
G9(182
3 1 02
M'.iOl
357
42
3378
131
177
38.7
39809
43104
IHO.")..
7H11
81257
12990
58842
4090
17575
439
51
3014
140
171
40.4
42071
52855
IHOO..
8H.'i7
74:ior.
1 1 70'J
61299
5879
20H17
340
30
3093
157
238
42.4
40050
5>'919
lso7..
M3r.2
7 2 2, -.7
125(17
59572
5.-.3 1
21794
281
48
3907
181
209
40 3
42053
52904
1H(I8..
yijc.c,
7140',)
12759
58471
7073
21237
203
24
39117
220
270
50.4
58221
r>.532fi
|gl)'J..
10132
734(18
1317(1
5(17(1(1
8079
23SH3
114
28
3918
240
253
(.1.2
0O515
62 124
IMO..
107 IT)
7712.5
1(1244
552 1 1
4993
2492(1
194
27
3951
200
229
05.H
07994
61859
,H11..
11711
85342
18051
558 73
4717
25450
113
14
3951
208
213
07.5
711301
00556
1H12..
l.'.2:i2
8r,3M7
13s'J0
55 1(13
4713
23772
53
28
3951
298
227
75.4
77719
62781
1H13..
I.-) 7 03
8 CO (".2
13590
55847
487s
23991
52
55
3935
314
237
79.4
83374
65801
IS14..
12441
873;i4
14104
52285
5 1 0(1
231tlH
5'1
40
3935
323
204
82.0
81 1,(13
05454
Wi,1..
12()17
11C>925
139(13
54741
5031
239O0
20
33
(10(14
332
227
81.0
79908
64915
IHIC,..
13144
117791
14051
5(1947
5024
23740
25
38
4120
341
234 82.7
83514
6 1 209
1M7..
12221
112310
13745
58381
5090
24443
8(1
29
32H5
345
209
105.0
85:>71
65089
iNlH..
11. '■.H2
12454(;
13739
59778
Oh 10
20755
290
33
3490
353
295
101.1
83(10(1
67085
iHl',),.
11040
12130C>
12027
1475
0427
3001)7
409
40
45'.»H
358
292
78.0
80l0y
75989
W:;0..
11 (Wf.
121238
11333
7 7097
5030
30315
4(10
02
4028
373
290; 8r,.0
83742
833.54
\*l\..
1 1 72.")
1172r,2
11537
77lMl
5052
33025
417
00
408!)
375
301
79.*'
83092
80205
1n:;2..
1 1 r)00
117739
11747
f.5917
5818
32519
258
59
40 h!)
377
340
80.4
82012
92268
un..
13(;0f'i
n(;22s
1151 5
59908
5812
30003
207
48
4920
392
350
79.x
84594
101022
Ii24.
i3.".(;.-i
1225:!1
11HH4
57502
5130
32749
308
39
5011
402
351
80.2
82."' 9 5
100104
H:'.')..
14141
141471
l()M3f.
(1558(1
5440
30(»08
307
53
51 yl
442
385
85.9
89"<l'0
115,594
IS2C.,.
13H()!»
1437.'.2
10N3fi
72993
0227
43528
400
74
5350
447
417
83 .4
9 4094
129212
1h27..
143.'iH
129943
117H7
fi82(J0
(i:.2H
42739
358
(11
5422
477
430; H8.0
90099
13.5305
W28..
i:i32'J
120181
12384
(l:'.0H9
0844
40;»01
354
59
5430
491
492
90.4
101074
150350
IxJS..
i7y7H
1105C,4
13105
59098
0703
37400
209
57
4833
507
532
104.9
100741
104753
IH.'iU..
i.-.70l
9'')897
12981
57749
7727
3242 1
93
42
4833
520
598
107.5
107395
178005
Is.M..
14»<7(
82Ci82
11702
55945
H>'*\)
30 480
01
49
4833
.543
039
112.3
II5798
179041
b:i2..
142!»4
79127
11720
48798
074H
28122
21
48.33
i-<;i3..
13421
T'./5i,7
n088
48279
0535
27227
102
29
4833
1«4..
130r>0
78:h7
10450
47832
0339
23041
140
22
4833
I^3,■...
134 -.9
79397
10451
47003
0043
22790
178
17
l<!f...
13.V.2
80219
108(1(1
40371
0332
23237
154
39
i«;i7..
13181
80654
1 1083
4C792
0070
23287
224
3C
Niitr. — This Return includes Provincial Corps; it omits Officers on FurloiiLrh to England. In
five years, 1801 until 1805, a portion of the I'omhay arii y is returned as composing the
Madras army, because it was employed in the Madras territory.
the
The Indian Marine, altlv)U!;h at one time very con- i number of officers may be .stated at 12 'Mptains ; 14
siileiahle, is of late much dimuuthed ; it is attached to
the Homi)ay Presidency, and consists of one frigate;
four 18 f;un ships ; six 10 gun corvettes and brigs ;
two arnird steamers and some surveying 'csrU. I'lie
I' V
commanderr, ; 40 lii utenants ; 71 iMuiur oO'.ccrs,
and about 500 Euroiienii seamen, with i» proportion
of four warrant-officers to each vessel 1 iiiiri a CMinpie-
ment of from 6OO t') 7' (» native sea-men. The latest
Hi'
mm
M I ■■■4
M
m
i
if
I'-
i
I
330
IIINOOSTAN.— GOVIUNMKNT AND MILITARY.
I'lirlinmpntnry rct'irns of tin- iiniiiml cost of Hit' Ma- i of lU'iit;iil; tlif moment a ship is soon, tho pilut
rliii.' Kstiihlislinii'iit nt Hoinhny is — Marine criiizcis, : schooner nialies towards her, juits n Kuroiiemi pildi
Jtc. S. H. 1 l,;(l,.'i7.'< ; marine otViee estahlishment, .mil a Kuropian Uii(lsiiiiin on lioaril, and tluini'suiiic
&c. l.T) 1,1 or) ; water, lii(;u;n(;e, and lei ry-l)oats, •.'.'), h:U ;' her search for other shi|)s upproaciiing the port ol'
dry docks, mooring chains, &c. M(),4 t-l ; liiiilding ; I'nicutta.
vessels, purchase of tiniher, Xcc, 4,2-1,74 1 ; total, S. 11. j The serviee is one of seniority, from leadsman or
lH,7ri,H!) I ; or in sterling i.'1I,12h/. Durnn the Ku- , volunteers (the lowest; to hraiicli pilot (the higliesti,
ropiuu wars, the Indian navy on every occavion where The nuniherof Kuropeans in the pilot service is alimit
an o|)portunity oll'ered, have shewn themsulses in no- Ktd ; they ar»' intelligent, skilful and gentlemanly
wise inferior in naval tactics ami hravery to His Ma- ' men, well aecpiainted, from length of service, with the
jesty's service, while the extensive and valuahle sur- i dillicnlt and dangerous navigation of the llooghly.
veys which the otlieers have made of the islands, j There aro 12 hrunch pilot.>, 21 masters, 21 lir>t
rivers, gulphs and hays in the Indian and China seas ' mates, 21 second mates, and hetween 70 and -^ii
di'play their seientilic iicipiirements in pre-eminent 1 volunteers or leadsmen. The salary of a hrancli pilcii
degree, and entitle them to the gratitude of every na-
tion trading to the l",ast. It is understood that mea-
sures are now in progress to convert the Hoinbay
Marine into an armed sieain llotilla.
.\t Calcutta there is a marine estahlishment which,
though not of warlike nature, is nevertheless of the
utmost importance. — I allude to the |)ilot serviee,
which has no ecpial in any country in luirope. The
service consists of 12 strong, well-tittcd and cpiick-
sailing vessels, of 200 tons hurthen, schoDiier-ngged,
and admirahly adapteil for withstanding the tem-
pestuous Weather from April to Octoher, so frerpient
off the sand-heads at the mouths of the (ianges and
Hooghly, where six or eight of the pilot vessels are j
constantly stationed, either at anchor or cruising |
ahout on the look-out for vessels coming up the Hay |
is 70/. per month ; of a master 27/. ; of a lirst nia.e
1.')/. ; and of a second mate and volunteer iU. pir
month. Kaeh ship going up or coming down fnnn
Calcutta (a distance of l.'iO miles) givi's a gratuity df
about a 100 rupees to the pilot and the leadsman -vlio
have charse of the ship. The yearly cost, according
to the latest return before Parliament, is in S. rupus
— pilot schooners and buoy vessels, .'l,'')Si,.')H.') ; steam
vessels N 7,1 •'> I ; light-houses &c. 1,0n,.'">0.'> ; monriie-s
Hri,27'.i ; which, with various other items ainount to
S. K. i:t,2<'>,.'M('> = iy.i,>'r,f,l. sterling per annum. .\t
Madras the marine is small, consisting of 20 Kuro-
peans and 'Ji't^t tiatives.
The phy .ieal or medical branch of the Angln-Indiiin
service, as reixards the nuinher employed in the armv
and marine is as follows : —
Number and Rxpcnse of the Mediral Officers (Eiirnpran and Native Dortors) employed at each
Prcsidcucy, aud at Fenuni; and St. Ileli'iia, »iiico Inih. N. U. TIiu f.'itiiV SurKCunn
ill tile K, I. Ciniipaiiy's Service not included.
I!]::'
's '
Il .1!
^
I8i:i.
IHII.
IMI.^.
IHia.
IHI7.
IHU.
I»l».
ISL'll.
iH-il,
ln-ii.
iHi;i.
IHJI.
Ihio.
IS-J().
1H27.
IHJS.
IHJil.
IS.KI.
In:II.
lH:t'.>.
ih;):i.
is:ii.
lK;),'i.
lH:iri.
NUMBERS.
llenfcal.
a
Llfi
lii!)
ir,6
in
l(i:i
ITH
Ui.i
i;i
Ili4
UhJ
l/"-l
i;4
lM:t
l!»i
iim
2;iU
a:i.i
*2'2'S
'211
•i:,6
'A
HI
LIU
IMI
IMd
Itl8
211
■J2H
■JI4
'iUT
•J lit
2 I.'!
212
2.'iW
211
2:<()
2.'>l
2.-.-)
2«7
aiifi
3U6
Madras.
i:)7
H2
143
IA4
IS2
ISI
I4f)
173
174
Kil)
IU.'
lyi)
IH.'i
ir!»
|i|(i
ly.'j
211)
212
140
My
'A
176
IS.'i
14.'.
Ilil
Kid
I. Mi
I.U
1(17
I'll
HI!)
iM.'i
l.s.l
2(t()
2-.'7
222
2liy
236
2-12
231
233
Bombay.
p
92
92
!IA
96
94
99
93
Il)l4
107
116
114
III))
inx
nil
123
1 119
i.'it
xhd
119
IIS
125
8
7
7
7
6
6
IC
/
H
3
fia
Ci
m
h6
9;
87
114
136
122
I4S
147
IViiaii);,
Jtc.
4
4
4
4
3
4
4
3
3
4
4
4
4! 7
3 I .1
4 I
3 I
5 i
St.
Helena.
a ,
hJi'.
EXPENSE.
Bengal.
727
729
740
Mil
774
HI4
HI4
hr,\
863
882
942
9.13
iU22
infi7
IU93
Il.'i2
1227
1266
34H36
42766
H77»
42132
42491
4I85.S
.'12 U2
SI9.5I
579."i2
54:i6s
SsllS.)
.17034
6.1443
1 122.1
67111.1
70142
67.138
66772
Muilras.
llombay.
T.tid.
.*■■
.*■.
.<-.
24NI3
• 9977
79616
2.1316
21120
89.M)2
29438
21835
60fl|g
30671
21601
94107
29993
21.191
93^78
2il6;)2
22:IH7
931)37
22723
2303 1
9IIII99
22976
2.1331
1011261
26367
2. '9 16
I07.'.i.1
27676
3s!)il:l
I2I.-II7
31234
411938
I:)0J17
2!(6m7
2911.I!)
I1.17H0
3 1 3 1 1
2!lli.19
r.>3.^i6
28267
27217
69709
29.1117
263.15
l2-.'s77
3.1074
271I8
13 1031
21)323
28493
12.)314
3Jl34
309.12
I32SS8
The range of Professional t"'ent is of the highes:, I limited knowledge of the botany, zoology, geology,
and the valuable additions which the surgeons in the 1 meteorology, &c. of the East, entitle thcni to the iiii)>t
E. 1. Company's service have made to our heretofore | honoured considerations.
.^kJ
lll.SUOSTAN — KINANCKS.
3.11
?n, tlip piliit
iir()|u'iui plliit
tlltll |■l'»^lllU^
; till- puit ol'
Icndsnian iir
(till' hi^lirst*.
rvicL' is al)c)iit
I fjintliMiiiiiily
vici', with the
the lloo^hly.
tCIH, 2i lir^t
i\ 70 1111(1 -11
II hniiich pilot
)t' 11 lirst 11111,1'
mti'cr •'■/. piT
ig down I'nim
s a gviituity cif
leiulsiniiii hKo
list, iiccdriliiii!
is in S. rupns
H.riMr) ; steam
lO.'i ; inooiiir.'s
ins uinoiiiit t>i
■r aiuiiim. At
; of JO I'.iiro-
c Ancln-lii.li:.!!
.'(I in the aiuiv
)oh
ay.
Tiital.
1
.*'.
7 t
"il'ii'i
1
Hyjiij
5 1
1)1111(3
1 1
1)111)7
1 !
y:tir»<
7
!):i!i;ir
1 '
!)!"".•!»
1
IIMI'.'lil
1)
I117.MS
■' 1
IJl.'iir
A \
l:lii-'^7
(|
liriThfl
!»
1 ■.>:!... It)
7
t)i)7iii»
J
l-'-'\"7
4
1:1111:11
)
I'J.):!^
>
l:)JS58
Logy, geology,
liu to the iiiti^t
III the mnhcal schools, llimlno, Mii.ssiilmnn, and
Anglo Indian youths are tniight Aniitoniy, .Surgery,
rrnclico of I'liysic, .*tcv, and when projurly (|ualilii'il,
they rireivc appoinlnieiits as Native Doctors in dif-
ferent regiments, and at the priiieipal stations.
XI. The prospirity ol a nation is materially dopon-
dent on a just system of liiianee, the leading principles
of which lire, that every iiniividual shall contiihule to
the maintenance of a (loverniiieiit in piopoitioii to
the |)roperty he posMsses, in order to protect liiin
from donifstic tyranny or foreign aggression, luul that
every individual contrihiiting his (piota shall have n
voice in regulating its dishurseineiit. As the cmu-
p.uative advantages of direct and indirect taxation
are now dcervedly engrossing a large sh:iri' of piihlic
attention, and the tiimncial system of (ireat liritain
and of our possessions in India is niateiially diU'erent,
it will he necessary to enter into some detail, in order
that the Indian mode of finance nmy he more tho-
roughly understood and appreciated.
In India the ancient systom of direct taxation has
not heen changed. The land in India has heeii fmin
time iinmenioiial the grand fiiiii! of supply to the
(iovernnient, as will he seen hy the proportions of
tlie Indian revenue derivi'd from dilfercnt sources in
l«;tl-2, the latest year in which the returns have
1)1 en laid before Parliament complete: —
Diit'ct Tiisiitiuii. — Land revenue, 1(),7.")(),J1h/. ;
hiMise tax, 40,000/.; tax on professions, IHi.sno/. -,
tolls on ferries, '.H'i,2\2l.; territories on Nerliudda,
\>VJ,'M'l. ; liiirmese cessions, H7,L'('i(Ji. Mysore, Tra-
vaiieore, and Cochin, .'Ml',77''>/. ; Nagpo, l- subsidiary,
77,713/.; Hhiirtpore, :il,HHl/, ; Nizam' anil Rajpoot
Trihiite, 7h,Mm/. ; Cntch sulisidiary, 'J,;J32/. ; nii».
cellaneous, I7,l)'.)()/. Total, 1 1, xs."), .")(;..)/.
Iiiiliieit Tujuliun. — Salt sale Sc licenses, :.',3 II.'Jhj/. ;
customs (seaScland), 1,3mO,(i'.)'J/.; opium, 1,4 l'J,.')70/.;
|ic)st ollice, IO;f,,')iil/. ; tobacco, (',;!, OH/. ; mint re-
ceipts, (iO,. MM/. ; stamps, 32M,. 'too/. ; judicial fees and
fines, 70,4')t>/. ; Sayer and .Vbkaree, 7'>J,7.")'.)/. ; marine
and pilotage, I.".,<J74.; excise (in Calcutta;, iy,l()(j/.
Total, (l,.1'.)3,.T.'r,/.
l.iiifl Rrrcniif of luitiii. — The land tax nf British
India is entitled to priority of consideration, no less
on aecoiint of its linanciul iiiipoitaiici> as to amount,
lliiin of its inlliience over the ri:;ht'^ and interests of
the iia'ive iniiahitants of the cninlry, and over the
S,iMriHl prosperity of the empire. There are three
iliirerent nio'ies of a-sessing land in India ; and as
each has its advocates, and are esMntially dillereiil in
o|ieratioii, the fairest plan which the Author can adopt
in laying a detail of them bifoie the pulilic, will he to
ijive a very brief abstract of the e\idence on the sub-
ject as laid before Parliament, during the recent <lis-
tiissiim on the renewal of the I",. I . Company's charter.
Thus no favour to any system will be shewn, and the
piililic will he better enabled to form a loniparative
jiiilmiu'iit on their respictive merits. The source
wlieiici' each paragraph is derived rrrlnitiiii is also
giMii. I have only added copulative conjunctions or
articles for the purpose of " dovetailing," as it were,
the sentiments scattered through a vast mass of evi-
ilenic. C.I', is Commons' Paper ; Lords' is signilieil
by I..; the figure relers to the number of the paper
or (piestion.
I'liiiniiti's of till- [.iiml TfU-.— Three dilfercnt modes
of assessing the land tax prevail in Ihitish India ; 1st,
a peiiu'lniil settlement with the proprietors of land ;
■Itu\,aleiiii,<,iiii;i settlement •■'■": the heads of villages
"I townships : and 3rd. a uetinite settlement with laeh
"I'iividual occupant or cultivator of the soil (IH31.',
•-• I'. -), but the acknowledged basis of everv land
revenue settlement in India is the right of a tioveiii-
iiieiit to a ci'rtain share of the hcovy produce of every
iiutiot cultivated land; the share miiy be alienated
I ntirely or partially, or it may be diminished by u-rants
In, in (iovernriient : it may be commuted lor a money
navt..ent iindir engagements more or less extended
loi- a series of yi'iirs, or even for perpetuity ; hut the
L'lonndw'orks of the land revenue in India is the right
of (iovernment to a share of the urnsn produce ol all
ciiltivatii ■ ( 1n3J, C. I'. :."JJ. Land is assessed with
reference to the payments of former years, and to the
actual state of the cultivation, and of the season. It'
the cultivation have been increased, the revenue is
incriased; if land have been thrown up, it is dimi-
nished ; if it he a bad season, allowaiKH-s are made
for it I 1h30, L. '_',JH,')) ; ami in case of complaint of
over-assessment, it is recliHed (Ih30, L. l,,"));.')), as it
is well understood that nothing contributes so essen-
tially to secure the public tranquillity as a low assess,
mint ( iM.'il, C. .'■..J.'iOi.
The peculiarity of India in deriving a large propor-
tion of its revenue from the land, is in fact u very
great ailvantage ; nine-tenths probably of ;he revenue
of the (iovernment is derived from the rent of land
never appropriated to individuals, ni d always :insi.
ilered to have been the property of Ciovernineiit. This
Is one of the iii:)st fortunate circumstances that can
occur in any country ; because, in conseipieiice of
this, the wants of the state arc supplied really and
truly uilhout taxation : the wants of (ioverniiient are
supplied without any drain, either upon the pr iilucu
of the mail's labour, or the produce of any man's
ca|)ital (l«31, C. 11,134). Uiit the great dill'iculty in
raising a revenue from the land in iinlia is the dif-
ticidfy of ascertaining correctly the value of land ;
approximation is all that can be obtained (l«31,C.
3,iri:i). The general proportion taken is extremely
uncertain 1 Im30, L. ;i,.^)37j ; beeause no portion of tlie
i'/(/.v,v produce of the land can ever be taken as the
standard for assessment, for various proportions of
the u'Kiss produce go as rent, according to all the
various (pialities of the soil, some lands yii'lding no
11 lit, others a hiurlh, others a third, and other por-
tions of the soil of a ;;till more valuable ipiality,
yielding half or mure than half of the gross produce
a^ rent il,><3l, { . 3,km('iJ ; that is, a surplus of the
prodiici' of the soil, alter a full remuneration to the
cultivator for his labour and stock fC. 3, hh|). The
iiistruelioii for many years sent from home, and iin-
piessid upon the (iovernments of India is, that in no
case can more be taken than the rent of the land,
without both injustice and pernianent injury to the
country — not only injury to tlie individual cultivators,
but injury to the Ciovernment itself; and in all doubt-
ful cases, the instruction has been to t;ike special care
to err 011 the side of lenity rather than on the side of
severitv ; to take less than the rent rather than more
tC.3,lV,:>).
The consent of Ciovernment is not re(|iiired for the
cultivation of any new land ; (joveriiiuent are happy
that people should come and take up their abode;
they make no empiiry, if there hi' no objiction made
by the ni'inhboiiring villagers; that is to say, that
they ilo not occupy the land that others are in the
possesjion of; the right of possession ri'inaining,
unless disturbed by other claimants, which rarely or
never occurs 1 is.'io, L. .viii and .'il.'i).
I'lic Zi'iinndiinj nr prrprtuiil Si'tllfniriit tif l.tird
('nrriiriillis. — One of the most material points lor
consideration in respect to the land-tax, is the dilferent
modes of levying ihe assessment now in force 0'^'*'-J.
C. K. P. •_'). 'I'll begin with the Zeniindanj Settle-
It
; ii
X \
V ■
1
!! Ife. ;i
N
HINDOSTAN.—FINANCIS.
m
n
i "
Ii
' ' ^^i-
]i
1
t '
If, ;
r
|ll ;
%■'
r ■
llll'^
XM
iin'iit, flir mil t ohvioim fnitiiri'of ndvnntnKc in which
is the I'lii'ility I r colh'Ctiiiii, iih it is » much iii'ri' siin|>lt'
thin'j; to ithtiijii the rcvi'mii' of n lnrj;o fh.strii'l I'kwi a
cfitiiin iiiii(|('intc iiiirnlirr of /.I'liiiiKhirs or Lontri-
hiitorsi, thiin it in to iit'ilnrtii thi' collrc tir)ri in .i.tRii
l)y thi'otlii'fis (if (lOViTiiMiiiit tht'inHclvcD, iiml iiimtlu'r
ftilvnntnin' iMiilnuhicdly is, the xrtnfiT (li'};rir of cir-
tnintv in the iisiilt (1m;u, C. .'I.;i i'.t . 'Ilii' nmiii (hf-
ftrcncc in the n\ii(h' of coiU'ctnit; thr hind I'cvtnnc ni
dith'iitit iiiiits ol li|■iti^ll Indiii, loiisistinK I'hii lly in
tiikMhtlt'i'i'iit d(')-r((sof siiinnmrinins, or dfliiil ado|)ti'd
in thi' I'olliftion (d thi- rovcnuf, from the Krt'iit innss
of cultivntors who hidd land Kcncrully in xn all |ior>
tiunx, and who liHvt<a right tu tlsi' |i('r|ii'tuni hircditary
occiipaiicY of tlic soil, so lonj; as they I'ontinuu lo
\)ay the ri'vriint' di'maudi'ii hy (iovcrnnirnt.
When till' K. I. Company came into |ios»es8ii'i) of
the rt'vcnm'." of the |)(\vaiiny of Hin{.'al, Itahar, and
C)ris!(B, thi'y liiund tlic hind ri'vcmu' I'olkctrd in thi'
most siniininry nathod liy thu intcrsi iilioii of olticcrs
undiT the M lomnu'dan (iovcrnincnt, w ho had clunxi'
of districts iinctinu's of niorc, sonictimcs of less
extent, with various titles, such us Zemindars and
Talookdurs, and wiio paid tlie revenue into the trea-
sury in (me sum, for which tliey were rewiirded hy
the (iovernment, Kenerally with a per cintage on thi ir
collections; in iact, /emiiidars were found manaKing
considerahU' districts whose olilications consisted in
paying a certain annual amount to the Ciovernmeiit,
Many of them held their districts or estates under
this condition hcreditarilv. (I^3I, C. 3,111, 3,lir<,
:»,-"ir)).
On the Kast India f'lnripnny heeoininj; jiossessed of
the Henc;al territory, iireat abuses were found to pre-
vail, ami to he practised hy the ditfereiit sorts of peo-
ple employed in the collection of the revenui The
detail (if the husine>^s was so threat, that it Iri'^liteiied
Lord Cornwallis aiul the (iovernment of the day, and
they ci'liceived that no better method fur the pro-
tection of the Uyots or small cultivators, could lie
invented, than to create n species of landlords, from
whom tluy expected much heiu'lit to arise; the
pioui.d upon which they principally went was this,
that thii^e /.eniimlars, having a |iermiinent interest in
the laud assigned to them, would have an intereht in
the piosperity of the Ryots, in the same nuumer us a
lun>li ird in Kn^land feels an interest in the prosperity
of his tenants. This was expected to produce two
Rdod cfl'ects, to create a landed aristocracy in the
country, and ahove all to alford protection to the
Kyots or small cultivators, from the kind of paternal
feeling that was exjiected to pervade the /.iniiiidars
(ls;U, C. M.lU'lj. With n view to the prote(-tiun of
the whiik: nia^s of the agricultural iiopiilation, and
with till' he^t of motives, the Zemindars in 17'.*.1, whe-
ther cultivators or officers in actual charge of dis-
tricts, herediiaiily or hy special ap' ointment, were
created laiidliohli rs of the country hy which a pro-
perty in the soil was vested i:. them, in nearly as full
a sense as it is to tlie hi)l;ier of a fee-siniple in {•'.m;-
land ; the sum wliieh a Zeiniudar had been in the
habit ol pasing was ascertained by the ohservatinn of
a few prior years, tlr assissmeid or tax was jiu'd/ar
errr, and an engngement was made that this amount
of land revenue sh.ould never lie raised on him ; such
is the nature of tlic settlement known by the name of
' the Zi'.MiNnAii V or I'kkmam-.nt Sktti.kmknt'
;iH!l, C. 3,11:., 3,116, 3,13<',, 3,215; 1«32, K. C.
1'. 21). 'I'he countries settled on the perniaiient
Zeniindary tenure include under the Hcngal Pre-
sidency, an extent of 1 J9."«l' scpiare uiiles, eni-
tiriicing the whole of Ikngal, ISnhar, Benares, and
Orissn (CiittHck alone excepted), with a popiilntion
excliiHive of the hi imres province of 3"),ft|H,ri |,"i, as-
Hissed in \H\>'j.'M), at u perniaiient Jinnmii or riNemit
of H2,47l),H.'iH sicca rupees. lUiiler the Madras Pre
si::eiicy, the Zeimmlnry settlement iiiehides nearly
the whole of the live northern C ircurs, lyini; iiiiiiu'.
diatelv adjacent to the lU ngal frontier; intliirinorr
than one-third of the Salem, and about oin'-third of
the Cliingli put ihstriets included under the head of
Madura; and n small pnrtion of the soiitlu rn ilui-
sion of Arcot, consisting of some of the K. I. ('om-
pany's ancient lands near Ciiddalore; these countiies
include u territory of -PJ.C'itT sipinre miles, with a
population of 3,1)11,021, asse-sed in 1h2U-3(i, nt
>^.. Ml, (toy sicca rupee:i. The permanent, or Zeniiii-
darv Settlement has never extended to any portion (.f
the provinces under the Ihimhay Presidency, whie'i
contain 'i'.*,l3H Nipiare miles, with a papulation e.-ti.
mated at I'l,'.'.''! l,;'>-tri ; and ri,.'>iiO sipiare miles in 'lie
northern Concaii, of which the population is m-
known; far the greater part of tlie Madias ter- ito.
ries, to the extent of y.',3l('p s(piare miles, w ih a
population of ',','ifi7,<'>l'l< has i.lso been e\e'i.;>li(l
from it ; as has also been the ca.n' in the prov iiie nl'
Ciittaek, under the Heiiu'id (iovernment, coiitaimiig
<J,0 10 sipiaie miles, and a population of I ,'JH|,('i:'U;
neither has the Permanent Settlement been extended
to the I'pper or Western Provinces under the Su
preme (iovernment, embiaciug t'i(i,.')lO sipiare miles,
and a population of 32,2ori,H0fi ; nor to the (hstricts
ceded on the .N'erlmdda, and hy the Uajah '' Hcrar in
lN2(i, containing M.l.TOd s(|uare miles, of which the
population is unknown , thus of the Piiti>'li terntu-
rial possessions on the continent of Asia, ineluaiia;
an tt'ca id' .'i 12,h7h sipiare miles, the Permam nt er
Zemiiiilary Settlement extends over bet I './;», Ils'j
sipiare miles flM.'t2, 11. ('. P. 21). We may now |ir(i-
eied to the consideration of the vii.i.AiiK sYsri.>i.
I'lUdai' l.iiiiil Ufn'uui' Si/.itfi>i. — The landed pni.
perty in I'pper India maybe said to belong to the
community of n village, each village having lu'iul
men, leaders, or principals, called Mnciidiliiii.s, ur
/'((/(/y/.i, who either by descent, or sometimes by their
personi'' inlliience, obtain a superiority in the vib
lage, iiid the mamigemcnt of its all'airs ; they !iri'
selected hy the villagers, and removable at their
pleasure.
The lands arc let out to men sometinu's in the
same vilhiu'c, sometimes in the neighbouring villau'e,
while certain portiins, and certain rights are pos-
sessed hy the diirerent craftsmen or arti/ans of the
village, such as the schoolmaster, the washerman, the
barber, the carpenter, the blackmiith, the watclim.in,
the villngeaccountaiit, \e. who have each a riu'lit to a
certain shap' in the produce of the soil, of which
there is also a certain |iortion set aside for ci rtaiii re-
cognised expenses of the village, and for defravlns; i's
hovpitidity towards strangers (|h30, I,. 'Mix, .'I'.IJ,
lo.'i, -lot"), 'i^'.i). These village communities are little
republics, having nearly everything that they want
within themselves, and almost inde]ieiident of any
tbreign relations. Dynasty after d\ nasty tuiidik'S
down; revolution succeeds to revolution; lliiiiliio,
Patau, Mogul, Mahratta, Scik, ICnglish, are all iiins-
ters in turn, but the village communities reiiiaiii the
same. In times of trouble th.'V arm and fortify tluin-
selves; an hostile army passes through the country;
the village communities collect their cattle within
their walls, and let the enemy pass unprovoked. If
plunder and devasta ion be directed R?^ain theiii-e'vc«,
and the force employeil be irresistible, they lice t"
irieiidiy villages at a distance, hut when the storm
III
tian pitsscd ovei
|intiiins. If a
•11 lie of conti
\ill;iL;e CAIinot
MierthelesH ret
|i ■isession reviv
liu' siieceediiij;
;..Ke the pliii >
\illiige, the sa.'
Uiida vvill be
uhii were drivi
lii.'d, and it is
liieiM out, tor
iiiiiiugh timi s
<;.iiii. ..Irength
■;i>ii with Nuec
11.111' it ica each
it'ill, has coiiti
till' preservation
till' revolutions
ai.'l is in a high
mill to the eiiji
.imii and indepei
mittce, p. 2;t.,
It is ditlicult
1: lY of the vilhii
Lit know little 1
l>riiprietors, it is
Mlliitte that the
kimw their po-
liinlheihood tail
iiiitter for tlie
uiri 11 come hirw
all |iriviite ariang
Miiiiuldim has iii
i.iee the asscssi
Ims to pay is an
ili-iriilile for the '
Mila',;ers settling
li\y, the total nsi
i|;iiry into the sta
ir lius hitherto |
rlif state of the
tluy (Might to bi
and if the villngi
I'lililiiii, or head
401, 102, lOJ, .'1
(iralile expense li
II, mute account ti
\iilii;:e, the lii Ids
viviiii: ollicer, wit
iiiit iiiily from his
oimimiiiities, tin
iil>o the ryots am
\Oiii lire invited
village are put i
within the vilhi;
lieariiig trees, and
upon lliise partic
iir Western Prov
the Boiiihay ferri
Nirhiidiia and tin
liy villnf-es. (Is.'il
llvoiWAK Svsri'
tiiiril sun of ass(
ii.asiinuni of ass
loiiiitry in perpe
rent of each ,iidi\
occupation is del
f'>''>ihlf, the aggr
a.^s(ssiiient, whiel
iir decrease of ci
I |ii>|)iilnfi>iM
.SlN.f. 1.'), an-
il (ir riAiiim
MiulruH I 're
liiili'H iirinly
lyiiii: iiiiiiic
iiitlur iiiiirr
till' lu'ixl (ll
oiitlicrii iIinI-
I' K. I. CiMii-
csr foiiritiits
I lies, \Mili II
IH'J'J.-Ml, III
It, (ir /('iiiiii-
iiiy |iiiltiiiii i>f
uli Ill'V, Ullll I
|iiiliitiiiii i.-ti-
niili'H in <iit'
liitiiiii in III-
Imlriis tiT'itci-
mill's, \v til a
■III l'X»"li|ltlll
I' piiiv lur 111'
lit, ('oiitiiiiiiii);
(if l,'JHl,('i:l)',
licrll rjtti iiiltil
llllIlT tlic Sll-
ciHinie ir.ilis,
(I till' (lis' lilts
nil '' Hi 111 r in
, (if \>llil'll tlio
Uitivli tiTiitci-
Asin, iin'liKiini;
I'limiiiii lit rr
lilt I'J'.l.llN'J
limy now |irii-
;K SYSTl m.
V liiiulril jirii-
lit'liiiii; to tlir
liiiviiii; Ih'^iiI
liiillilillllin, nr
tiiurs liy tluir
ty ill till' vil-
iis ; tlii'v ari'
able lit tlu'ir
1 1 1 N UOS TA N .—FIN AN C F.S
tiM puMCil ovt-r, they n-turn niul rrsuine tluir onii.
IditiiiiiH. It' a I'oiiiifiy riiiiiiiii Inr a mriis of ytai!» the
.(■UK' of toiitiiiiiiil |iillii;,'f iiiiij iiiiissmu', m) tliiit the
\ilU;;i' caniiiit hi- iiilmhitnl, tht MatlirnI villauns
i,,Mithi'li'Mit ri'tiirii wluiii'vrr tin- |iii\m r nl' |iiai'iiilili'
|i.i«M>MiHi rt'Vivcs : n uriii'intioii tray pass nwav, liiit
ii,r Mil ri'tiliiiK Kriiriiitiiiii will iitiiru : the sdiih '.vill
; Kf till' pliii •■ ut tluir liitlii IS, till- saiiir sitf fur t hi'
\,iliii;i', till" MUiU' pii''itii)ii lur till' hiiiiJim, tlu' siiiiii'
iniiu will III- oi(ii|iir(l liy till' ili"'i'iiiiliiiits of tlKi"!'
ttlm will' illiM'li out wlii'ii thr villii'ii' win tli|Mi|iii-
lit.'il, mill it is lint u triilint; luuttir tli at will iliiw
tiii'iii Milt, lor tlii'V will oltrii iiialiitaiii thiir post
iiiIiiiikI' tiiois of iliNtiirliuDCu ami coiiviiImoii, and lu'-
I'liii ..Ircii^tli siiiVu'ii'iit to nsit pillani' ami ojipri's-
.11111 with NiK'C'i'Hs. 'I'liis union of tin- vllla^l■ coiii-
iijiritirs I'UL'li oiiu formini; a M'|iiii'iiti' littli' stuti' in
it,(|l, lias, contriliiitiil mori' than any othrr cansi' to
the pri'scrvBtion of the piiipii' of iiiiiiii, throia'li all
till' ri'voluliiiiiH anil fliaiij;rs which tliiy havi' miIUtiiI,
ji.il is ill a liifih ilijirii' coniluriM' to tluir liapiiiiu'-H,
ami to till' I'lijoyiiit lit III a ^'irat pinpoition ol IVii'-
ilDiii and inili priiiliiici'. i lH;f_>, Coiumons' Itrv. Cinii-
niittir, p. •-".».)
It is ditVu'ult to >tati' fill' proportion of thr jiro-
, ll' of the villafTr paid to ( lovirninrnt ; the aiithoii-
t.,<kiiow' lilfli- of till' prri'iM' propirty of any of thr
linlirit'tors, it is not thr iiitin >t or llu' wish of tin'
mHuui' that till' (iovirnmrnt sluiiilil scrutinize and
Uuiw tlii'ir possi'ssions, tlu'irlori', if any oni' of the
lnodiiihood fails to pay hi-- proportion, that is a
niittir for tin- Mlhij,'i' at lait;i' to sotth', they will
niiiii collie Uirward to pay it for him, hut those are
all private arraiiKinieiits kept to themselves ; and the
Muiiiililiiii has no power (ram the (Joverniiii nt to en-
i,,!ie the assessment, what each man in the villn;.'i'
Ills til pay is an internal airanneniciit, which it is
ili-iriililc for the (iovenimeiit not to interfile in, tlu'
Mllai,;ers settling amonj; themselves what each has to
|iiy, the total assessment hein^ ealtuliited after en-
i| iiry into the state of prosperity in the \illiit.'e ; what
It liiis hitherto paid ; what it is capalile of payin-,' ;
till' state of the vilhifie lands, and what assessments
tiuyiiinjlit to hear with reference to the proiluee ;
ami if the villaticrs are dissatisticd with their Mo-
iiiidiiii. or head man, they tiirii him out iInIIh, I..
4iil,l():i, -Uif, .'iJH, ."iHH, r.N.l.) Surviys of consi-
iliialiie expense have hi en made liy Cioveriiment ; a
iiiiiiiite account taken of the state of the land in eiicli
\iila',!c, the til Ids exniniiied in the presence of a sur-
viviiiR olhcer, with all the assistance he can procure,
i.nt Diily Ironi his own servants, hut iVom the village
iiiinnuiiiitics, the people themselves interested, and
iiIh) tlic ryots and people of the ncii;lihourinK villii',.'i s,
will) lire invited to attend. The exact liii.its of the
mIIuui.' arc put down, and even the detail of litiid
Mitliiii the villiif^i, the prnduetioiis, houses, Iniit
licarinj; trees, and so on : the assessment is <;roiiiided
i;|inn lliiseparticiihirs ( iM.'Jl , C. ;t, I't.'j. 'Ilie 1 pper
iir Western I'loviiices of lieiiL'al, the triiater piul of
the Biuiiliiiy territories, the cided territories on the
Nirliiiiliia and the Province of 'ranjore are all assessi'd
I'v viiin;-is. (1n:u, {'. .•ill'.), :fi.':i,':M-j'.), itiiioj Tiic
llvoiv.Aii iSvs'rKM. — '1 he peculiar priiicijilc of the
iliinl sorv of assessment, termed /{i/alirnr, is to lix a
n.iixiiiuini of assessment iipun all the lands of the
iniuitry ill perpetuity; (I^.SI, C. iril'.')] the iiionoy
rintnf each Jidividual cultivator for the (ields in his
iiaiipatioii is detiiied with as much pcriiuineiicy as
[.nstililr, the afrcregate of such rents miikiiij: the total
a.-scssiiK'iit, which varies each year with the increase
iir decrease of cultivntmn. Another main principle
3!3
of the II yot^Mir system is to protect thi* rightii of nil
ryots or cultivators, as they now exist In every vil-
lane, from liifrinKeinelit ; and to prevent all ehcroiich-
ment upon those rights (|h:i1, {'. :>\:,i',); thus, in
the Uyotwar synteiii, the details of the interest of the
respective I'.yots are known eompletelv, and not at
all in the /eiiiindary system i iind the fiirmer t llee-
tiially does what the latter professes to do, hut never
has dune, and never can do, that is, tlx nil as<e»sinciit
upon all the laiuN in the country, t'luh r the Ityot-
war syHtem, the asse .sineiit noes fiom detail In the
a)r};reKate ; it respects property of every class, thnt
of the Inr^est landholder, and that of tlie suiallest ;
it iiieasnreH and nssi ssea every portion of an estate,
and thus facilitates the transhr of limded property, as
the tii.'t (piestion when taken into the maikitis —
what is the amount of public demand upon the land f
(|h;ii, (', (.".r,."), .|,M17, l.'ihH ) 'I'lie Uyotwar system
deals with the pioprietor ; if tlie Kajah he the com-
plete proprietor, he i-i the per-oii with wlii.iii the
(ii'Veriiiiient dials; it dues not proless to interfere
betWTi 11 him and his tiiiaiits, but in ordi r to a-cer-
t.iin what the Uiijuli is to pay, lii-. lands are tlrst
assessed in detail, and llieii in the a'.;i;ri ftate (lM3I,
{'. I.'i"!!). 'Ihe Uyotwar Mttleiuent is applicable, it
is said, ill every state of tliiims ; \vliere lh>re are
proprietors it maybe entered into with piopiietors;
wbeie there are no proprietors it may he eoiicludid
with hinuiis or cultivators; it may be upuilly made
hir the liiii.'ist or hir the Muallest ipiaiitity of liind;
hir iiiillioiis of liens, or hir only a few. 'Ihe owner
of a ^in):le held may make his tenns directly with the
(loverumeiit, and torn to his cultivation, knowing
that he cannot be called on to pay more than n cer-
tain sum. The proprietor of the largest distiict may
do the suiiie : hir, although the cess under this sys-
tem vaiics according: to the value of land, dilVennce
of soil, population, sitiiatiun, and oilier localities ; and
altliou^lli inferior land, piiyiii;: the lower cess, becomes
lialile when siiHieieiitly improved to pay the hii;lier
cess; there is, nevertbi less, a mii.iiiiium for tin best
land, beyond which all proiluee is hir the beiietit of
the lanilbolder : and there aie reiiiissioiis in cases uf
lUKciit distress [\<V2, C. li. 1". No. L".».)
Another adviintnue wliic'i the l{\otwar system
possesses over the /eniiiiilary, is in the creation of a
L'riat body of independent proprietors, instead of a
liw who lire proprietors only in name; and there is
an nilvantaue to the revenue, iimMiiuch as all the
fruits of industry iiccumi.late hir the (;ri at mass of
the people, but in the case of the /emindary they
accumulate hir the biiiilit of the lew, while the
KyotWiir system tends also in a considerable ileu'reeto
thcaci'iiimilatiouofcaiiital ( |h;!I .(J.-l'iVT, d."i7H,.|;i7y).
The hihiiwiiii; stntement shews the amount of land
reviiiuc in the N. \V. jiruvinces, where the perma-
nint or /emindary settlement does not ixit,
/i'( n iiiif It I. sin II l>i.\lii( /.v. I''iist I ivision : ( Juien:a
of liii:t.) Sihiuiiniiore, lis. !M;.".y'.» 1 ; Mo/.iiilernn-
'_'ur, t'.,l l,-l(t» ; Mieriit, H'i.Il',!' I2 ; r.ouliiiidsliuluir,
s,7C,..-,:;2 ; Ally^hiir, 17,<il,.Miii.
Sieoiid Division ; Agra, l'"i,''.','''jL' ; .Muttni,
ir,,o.-i,r.l I ; rurruckahad, 17,'il,.')'.M ; Myiipoue,
l.si,:tl,71 I.
Third Division: r.areilly, 1 l,(i7,;U(', ; Sliajehan-
pore, ll,l.->,7tiO ; IMibbeet, •t,K<),7o7 ; iMnoiadabad,
S. D., 'J,7'.»,n'.''' ; MiMiiadabad. N. D., I l,7'.t.()."if', ;
Suheswan, 10,1I,(I|k; Kun.noon, :i,lfi,7>'i».
rourtli Division, Allahaliad, LM),i.'L',(W.'. ; ruttch-
pore, i:t,3J,4i2.'i ; rawnpoie, jCi s;i,3.-iK ; Hihih,
(■,,HO,(i(il : Hniul.ili, 1 K, .■,?•, IL'S ; llun.eiip'jie,
I l,'Jf.,l77.
l!^
|; li
liii
; I
't I
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
^/
1.0 !f 1^ ■
2.5
1 —
K, Ui
I.I
m m
tut
1.25
=y=
1.6
Hiotographic
Sciences
Corporation
23 WIST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
^
-ifc^
^ m
3?.4
HINDOSTAN.— FINANCES— LAND REVENUE.
HI
i
!,
Fifth Division : Benares, 10,76,256 ; Mirzapore,
6,67,943; Jounpore, 11,52,106; Ghazeepore,
12,43,088; Coruckpore, 11,11,551; Azimgurh,
12,82,907.
Delhi Division : Five Districts, 37,15,812.
Sangor and Nerbudda Territories; Three Divisions,
22,28,181.
It will be seen from this statement, that the reve-
nues of the Western Provinces exceed a little those of
Bengal and Bthar ; that they are several lakhs above
the revenues of Madras ; and more than double the
whole revenue of Bombay ; as the following figures
will show :
Jumma of
1829-30.
Permanently
settled,. . Sa. Rs.3.24,70,853.
Periodically
settled, 3,76,19,553.
S(iuare
Miles.
Popula-
tion.
149782.. 35,518,645
161250.. 34,191,426
Permanently
settled, Mdrs.Rs. 85,11,009.. 49607.. 3,94),0J1
Periodically
settled, 2,27,27,005.. 92316.. 9,567,.", U I
Madras 3,12,38,014.. 141923.. 13,508,.'i,3,';
Periodically sctied '
Bombay 1,48,19,288.. 64938.. 6,251,.-,.ir,
Bengal 7,00,90,406. . 311032. . 69,710,071
Statement showing the Aggregate Government demand
triets of Bengal, farmed by the Court of Wards, on
the Rent paid by the Farmer, and the Profit accruing
Total 11, 61,47, 708.. 517893.. 6y,4"0,l.-,:;
Sumachar Durpun, Dec. 9, 1837.
Asiatic J iiunial, May iS.'iH.
A Parliamentary document gives the amount of f|i|
land tax per head in Bengal, in 1827, at 22 pinin:
yearly ; in Madras 52 ])ence, and in Bombay GO pence;
and yer square mile, Bengal 23 pence, JMadras i;
pence, and Bombay 19 pence ; the population jjcr
square mile in each Presidency beinj,, for Bengiil,
244 ; Madras, 77 ; and Bombay, 76 ; in Bengal laiiii
is valued at 67 years' purchase. Mr. Holt Mackeiisit
gave into Parliament the following
on various Estates within the undermentioned Dis-
account of Minor and other disqualified Zemindars,
to the Ward.
Districts.
Government
Revenue.
Farmer's
Rent.
Landlord or
Zemindar's
Profit.
Each District Comprises.
Beerblioom . . . .
Bhaugulpore
Burdwan
Dacca
Dinagepore
Jessore . .
Jungle Mehals . .
Midnapore
Moorshedabad . .
Mymensing
Nuddeah
24 Pergunnahs . .
Rajeshaye
Rungpore
Tippera
S. Rup
14,508
9,958
27,3C,()
2,248
66,562
1,10,224
3,654
5,045
1,01,882
1,15,941
23,823
6,625
40,474
25,656
20,464
Lacs.
23,871
14.820
34,652
3,225
1,10,041
2,25,037
19,677
12,906
1,89,631
3,16,732
43,204
8,601
84,263
57,587
31,828
Lacs.
9,363
4,862
7,297
977
43,479
1,14,813
16,023
7,861
87,749
2,00,791
19,381
1,976
53,789
31,931
10,664
Rs.
458 6,92,000
519 6,50,000
2,559 28,46,000
8,322 -3 4,08,000
688 S 17,56,000
3,958 " 11,82,000
86 .c 4,38,000
1,701 i? 15,16,000
2,605 ^ 11,95,000
5,317 1 7,56,000
757 S 10,29,000
686 W 9,09,000
2,378 14,64,000
318 11,25,000
1,950 8,10,100
Total .
5,74,424
11,75,355
9,00,951
By Lord Cornwallis' permanent settlement in Lower
Bengal much good was efi'ectcd, accompanied, how-
ever, with nn sn'.all jxjrtion of evil ; the Jijiv"- fur
ever the assessment of the land was admirable in
principle and highly beneficial to the proprietors, but
the Government lost the advantage of increased
prosperity in the country in consequence of the tax
being fixed at a money instead of aeon) rent : had the
latter been adopted, the tenant could not comjjlain,
and the resources of the state would not have suf-
fered : the next evil arose from considering the Ze-
mindars as landed proprietors instead of what they
generally were, mere collectors or farmers of the
revenue ; the interests and rights of the Ryots or
cultivating tenants of the soil were thus entirely lost
sight of, and no measure has since been devised which
•would restore them without the allegation being raised
of our infringing the solemn compact of the perma-
nent or Zcmindary settlement.
A permanent latid settlement might under proper
surveys be made with each village, as well as with a
zemindar ; this plan might also be extended to the
south of India, where the Hyotwar system is in force;
its advantages would be, that a stimulus would bi
given to cultivation and improvement without the
Government, like the tithe owner in England, stcppiiii;
forth to reap the reward of skill and industry ; the
assessment being at a corn rent, the Government woiiM
not have a revenue fluctuating according to the rise or
fall in the prices of gold or silver — and the rights of
individual cultivators as under the Madras Pesidency
— or of village communities, as under the Bombay
territories would be preserved ; while the necessity I'm
annual scrutiny, and continual vexatious interference
of the Government with the farmers would be hap-
pily annulled. It is asserted that those periodical
famines which desolate our provinces, occur only in
those districts where there is no permanent land set-
tlement. It would be well if the Hindoos wen "iia-
bled to purchase the lands and hold them in fec-slm-
lile, or to redeem the Government tax on the soil hy
a fixed sum of money, to be paid either at once nr by
instalments spread over a limited number of years.
17.. 3,941,0:'l
6.. 9,.';C7,ol4|
i3.. 13,,'J08,.')3r)
8.. 6,'2.'.l,.')4r,
)3..fiy,470,i:.:j
/, May 183H,
! amount of \hi
27, at 22 jininj
nihay 60 iioiicc;
cc, IMadras 17
|)0|)ulation pel'
nij, for lUTigiil,
in Hengal laiij
Holt Mackeiisii'
mentioned Dis-
[ied Zemindars,
ompnscs.
Rs.
5,92,000
j,.')0,000
^,40,000
1,08,000
7, .16, 000
1,82,000
1,38,000
i, 16,000
1,!).'),000
',r)6,ooo
1,29,000
,09,000
,64,000
,2,'), 000
!,10,100
stem is in force ;
mulus would be
ent witluHit the
England, steppiiii;
d industry ; the
jvernment would
ing totlie rise or
and the rights of
Madras Pcsidency
der the Bombay
the necessity for
Qus interference
would be hap-
those periodical
es, occur only in
mancnt land set-
ndoos wen '^iw-
them in fcc-sim-
.X on the soil I'y
icr at once nr hy
mber of years.
HINDOSTAN.— FINANCES— LAND REVENUE.
Land Ilevemic in lUitisli India, since 1789 (to show its progress).
33,'-,
LAND UKVi;\L!i:S.
178!)-9I). l7n!)-lSlin. 1RI)0-1810.
Iti'M'^al, liuhar, and Ori^.'-a : i I
HeviMHICs, current S. lU. 2,5n,0(i,200 2,;);i,n7,(l.^fi •2,ti(),82,l,W
isui-is'io.i is->:i-is30. ir:m-,i5.
ISaLiiiccs .
Not In Jiiiinnu
MIsrelluneons
, Do.
.no,
. Do.
Total
9,07, !»H!)
I,l!),n21
1,42,0U((
,2,C8,38,20«
;)l,82,0l?| ll,A^,-itir
2,13,.5fi!tl 3il,2()7
38,4221 84,(l4,'i
2,71,il!),'i2r.
22,71,017
4,37,171
i,30,»r>{t
2,08,01, 0!I4 2,73,.'il,275
licnari's :
HcvtiMlf s, Current S. Its.' 30,24,823
ll.ilauccs n<). I 3,01,241
Not ni Jiiinina Do.
Total j 40,19,004
Ceded and Conqnered Provinces under
llciiizal :
Ueveniies, Ciirient, Ceiled Provinces. . .S. Rs.
Do Coinineied Do. ..Do.
Ilalances Ceded Do Do.
Do Conquered Do. ..Do.
Not in Jninma Ce'led Do Do.
Do Coii(|iierea Do. ..Do.
Miscellaneous ....Ceded Do Do.
Do. ... Conquered Do. . . Do.
Total
Miiiiriin. — Ancient Possessions :•
Ueven»e.», Current Pagodas
Arrears of Do Do.
Total
12,74,477
2,0»,025
32,03,420
4,28,2S7
45,138
.17,44,142
1,27,108
5(1,271
3,00,44,07'.
43,80,431
30,05ri
3!»,2U7
37,30,815
,39,30,.521
1,40,27 ,.'590
90,83,:i38
14,38,854
10,70,981
41,503
1,02,911
40,704
2,17,582
2,03,20,818'
31,0-l,53,si
4,01,383'
4,03,500
44,55,710
1,82,23,803
1,14,51,287
7,22,104
0,21,800
1,84,081
1,37,184
1,31,210
05,738
2,60,29,499
10,29,502
15,58,812
a,.58,788 S,01,41U
15,74,102
I"
.1f«rff«s.— Ceded and Conquered Provinces
Ueveniies, Current Pagodas
Arrears uI'Dd , Do.
Total ....
I
Bomhay. — Ancient Possessions.
Kevenue;^, Current, and Arrears .... llupces!
Cede<l and Conquered Provinces: I
Ucveiiuts, Current, and Ai rears .... Uupecsl
Total
21,17,000
20,2.^,093
21,30,972
75,03,0,33
1,98,058; 5,98,50
22,23,751
2,70,405
19,00,304
21,70,709
81,91,597
3,90,853
30,53,010
34,40,353
3,15,37,273
19,84,857
2,25,75,074
00,14,331
t,13,li5U
11,55,723
3,03,50,245 3,01,59,381
43,13,012'
.5,52,891
.50,290
49,24,709;
1,21,83,716
1,50,03,394
11,28,581
12,29,239
47,021
5,30,387,
75,850
1,08,010'
} 3,53,20,970
} 39,54,554
} 8,35,5.50
} 2,28,500
3,09,57,204 3,79,77,701
19,07,513
2,35,024 1,82,184
22,19,881
71,2I,.358
4,84,905
70,06,223
3,07,043
1,. 30,24,793
21,49,097
05,19,888
4,22,850
09,42,744
14,28,240
1,28,80,405
82,12,041
0,41,847
88,84,401
>• 1,48,20,058
1,33,31,830
1,43,08,075 1,48,20,058
* Tlie ancient and modern posesssions
Judicial levenue is raised on stamps requisite in
causes of different ainount, in order to defray legal
charges, and there are stamp duties at each Presi-
dency as in England. In suits for sums not ex-
ceeding 16 rupees, the plaint or petition must be
written on pajier hearing a stamp of one rupee.
If the suit exceed 16 rupees, and do not exceed .'^2
rupees, a stamj) of two riiprcs is required, .\bovc 32
rupees, and not exceeding 64, the stamp is 4 rupees.
Above 64 rupees, and not exceeding \M), 8 rupees.
Above I.IO rupees, and not exceeding 300, 16 rupees.
Above 300 rupees, and not exceeding HOO, 32 ru^jees.
.Miove 800 rupees, and not exceeding 1,600, 50 rupees.
Above 1,600 rupees, and not exceeding 3,000, 100
rupees. Above 3,000 rupees, and not exceeding .1, 000,
l.'id rupees. Above 5,000 rupees, and not exceeding
10,000, 250 rupees. Above 10,000 rupees, and not
exceeding 15,000, 350 rupees. Above l.''>,000 rupees,
and not exceeding 25,000, 500 rupees. Above 25,000
rupees, and not exceeding 50,000, 750 ru|)ecs. Above
M.OOO rupees, and not exceeding 100,000, 1,000 ru-
pees. Above 100,000 rupees, 2,000 rupees. The
other stamp duties to which the parties are subject,
besides the instit\ition stamp, are — all exhibits tiled
in court are required to be accompanied with an ap-
plication praying the admission of the same, and that
application must be written on stamped pai>er; if in
the '/.illoh Court, the stamp is one rupee; in the
I'mvincittl Court and the budder Dewiuiny xWawlut,
are not stated separately after 1820-30.
two rupees. So also no summons is issued for the
attendance of any witnesses without an application in
writing, praying the attendance of such person, which
application must be written on stamped paper, similar
to that jjrescribed in the case of filing exhibits. Fur-
ther answers, replications, rejoinders, supplemental
pleadings, and all agreements of compromise and pe-
titions, are required to be written on stamps of one
rupee in the Zillah Court, and four rupees in the
Provincial Court in the Sadder IJewanny. Miscella-
neous petitions and a|)i)lications preferred to public
I authorities, either revenue or judicial, are re(piired to
[ be written on stamps of eight anas, if preferred to a
I Zillah judge or magistrate, or collector; of one rupee,
! if to a Court of Ajipeal or Circuit ; and of two rupees,
\ if to the Sudder iJcwanny or Nizamut A'lawlut, (jr to
i the 15oard of Revenue, The appointment of the
I vakeels to act in each case is made by an instrument
j bearing a similar stamp. Cojjies of decrees also are
reciuired to be stamped : in the Zillah Court the stamp
is one rupee; in the Provincial Court, two rupees ;
j in the Sudder, four rupees; and all proceedings of the
i Sudder prepared for transmission to the King in
j Council must be transcribed on paper bearing a stamp
! of two rupees. Copies of miscellaneous papers are
required to be written on a stamp of eight anas, or
half-rupee. (I'or costs of a suit in tlie difl'erent
Courts, see Appendix.)
The judicial charges are exetudiiigly heavy, vi;;. in
336
HINnOSiTAX.— riNANCKS— SALT REVEN''E.
I 1
f-;M
Bens;al, the Supreme Court, S. R. 4,:\2,Xi7 ; justices
of the peace and diet of the prisoners at Calcutta,
2,r)l,fi'j3; Court of llecpiests, 'JK.M't ; Sudder Ue-
wanny and Nizamnt Adawhit, (i,;iH,Hr)<j ; Provincial
Courts of Ai)peal and Zillah Adawluts, Gi'.Cy.O.JO ;
provincial police, 17,Hi),.'577 ; extra and contingent
charges, 3,70,318; pensions, 3^,445; total, S. R.
•J,8y,91,fi'J4, or sterling 1,147,43(;/. In Mmlras, Su-
l)renic Court, S. R. 3,08,700 ; [vilicc ehargcs in town
of Madras, 1,33,040 ; Court of Suddir and Touzdary
Adawlut, 2,r)3,.").')7 ; Provincial Courts, 2r),<)7, l!)0 ;
pensions, Scc. 7,342; total, S.R. 33,00,1 29, or 37 7, ir.H/.
In lUimbdij, Supreme Court, S. K. 3,08,400 ; police
charges at I'-ombny Presidency, 1,27,540; Court of
Sudder and Fouzdary Adawlut, 2,02,891; provincial
Courts, l'J,3'J,774 ; buildings, S;c. 70,701 ; tot;il, S. R.
27,75,300, or 312,222/. The grand total for the three
Presidencies being 1,830,810/. sterling.
Suit. — The next main item of revenue in Bengal
is derived from the manufacture and sale of salt by
Government, the average annual i)roduce of which is
about 1,800,000/. a year. It is in evidence belbre
Parliament that the peoi)le are abundantly supplied
with salt, and the tax is less than fnur fioihinnH a
month on each individual. Mlforts have been made
to authorize/ the Cheshire salt makers to furnish the
Rengalesc with salt ; when the English Parliament
remits or even lessens the duty levied on the Hindoos
sugar being inii)orted into Great IJntain, then the
Hindoos may receive Knglish salt. L'pper liengal is
supplied with salt partly Iroin the Lower Province,
■mil partly from salt mines in Western India. Madras
exports salt to Rengal |)n pared by solar evaporation
in exchange lor rice and other provisions, and Hombay
makes salt encugh for its own use; the revenue in
Bombay and Madras is trilling in amount compared
with Bengal, being in the latter about 300,000/. and
in the former not 20,000/. a year. Mr. St. George
Tucker, lately Chairman of the K. I. Company, thus
details the salt revenue for 1827, which he states to
be a fair year for judging of the average revenue : —
Population of Bengal, Behar, and Orissa, computed
at 30,000,000 ; quantity of salt consumed by this
population, sup|)lied from our sales, 4, 500,000 maunds;
gross sale, at about 31)0 rupees per 100 maunds,
1 ,75,00,000 S. rupees ; deduct cost and charges, which
constitute no part of the ta\', 5(), 00,000 S. rupees;
net revenue or monopoly profit, 1,25,00,000 rupees,
at 2i. ]ier sicca rupee, 1,250,000/. sterling. Medium
consumjition of each individual, per annum, seers
= 12lbs. ; rate of contribution or poll-tax, yearly, \0d.
The [jopulation is now upwards of 40,000,000, which
would of course decrease the amount of the tax jjaid
by each individual.
The charges on the salt revenue amounted in Ben-
gal, in 1828 to S. R., 71,21,183, or 820,057/. viz.
advances to manufacturers, S. R.,42,yi,7(58 ; conven-
tion with the Prench government to prevent any
interference with the E. I. Company's revenue.
4,00,000; ditto with the Danish government, 15,000;
salaries, commission to agents on manufacture, rent,
establishments and contingencies, 22,01,527; build-
ings, &c., 1,52,888. At Madras the charge on the
salt revenue for the same year was 85,495/. or S. R.
7,52,321 ; of which the manufacturers' share was
S. R. 2,50,,542 ; the advances, 1,00,843 ; the compen-
sations, 2.5,842 ; and Moyen Zabitah and other charges,
3,74,794.
The year 1830-37, in the following table, shews the
proceeds derived from the salt sales in Bengal under
the new system of selling at any time, and not pe-
riodicallv bv auction.
Account of the Quantity of Salt sold, the Gross Proceeds
Net I'rolit, and AvcrnKeof the Net I'rolit, from lHn;)-4 j,,'
the Territories under the liengul Government subject to
the Suit Monopoly. ■' "
Quantity
Gross
Average
Iri .
eg M a
Years.
of
Salt sold.
Proceeds.
.Vet Profit.
of
Net I'rolit
1
<; t rt
Maunds.
.S. Us.
.S. Hs.
S. Rs.
*■
isn.1-1
:tr.,(io,;2!)
l,i8,:i;t,!-(i(i
l,21,!):i,:)!)0
342 () (
IH()I-S
Il,l2,(i27
i,i7,.'i7,iH!l
l,l:i,2n,7.-.2
27:) () )
lS(l."i-fi
1:1,72,.') 12
1,10,7:1,2:11)
i,o(),1:i,8H;i
242 1111
lH0(i-7
;i7,8;),7i.'i
l,20,H.'-|,S12
88,2(),,'i22
2:1:1 4 h
ISI17-S
t.'>.o;i,i;)i
i,{;o,i.-i,iii
l,2:i,07,:).-)!)
27 "> 14 (
lSIIH-<)
1 i,77,ii.'..i
l,(i.%12,l(ih
i,28,77,:,(r.'
287 10 1
1
1 HOD- 1(1
i;i,!i7.i»-'i)
i,i2,.'-.(),.'.r)o
l,0li,21, ().-).■>
241 8 :)
IHIO-ll
l(i, 1(1,1,"
i,.''ji,o7,:i!)i
i,u,f):),il!)
217 ()
ISIl-lii
•l:i,oy,8!.2
'■■io>!)i,H!i:i
i,i;t,-.:),;i()i
2(il y !)
lnl-j-):i
•lH,7,^),:iHfi
l,.-.!),.'il,.';i)2
l,l.i,84,.'i;.')
2;)7 !) 10
isi:i-li
sa.uo, iii7
l,()!),iir),l(i(i
I,21,()(i,(i8l 2:10 8
liJU-l.i
4(i,()H,:i(IS
l,42,.'i.-,,<).-|()
l,ni,87,(i()r 21(i l:t fi
lals-Hi
:t(),:i4,(i(i:)
1,21, 88,2!) 1
aa,:)!,."-,!!,!: 221 s
isHi-i;
Il,18,(i7(i
1,12, ;!.';, :ii2
!l(),.l7,2.lli 217 1 4
IHI7-IS
(.■),18,(i!»7
I,17,i;8,:l20
l,«4,(i(i,o:io 2:tl <) 11
IFl.S-l!)
■ir-t).'!,:' 12
l,(io,!)o,7.').i
l,ll,42,fi:i!) 2:12 .i 10
181!)-'J0
.'i:?,2i,()n7
l,fi8,ii;i,olo
1,I7.I);,:(S2 224 1 4
IK-.'U-'Jl
r)2,;i7,(no
l,72,(i3,8l!2
l,2:i,27,-,87: 2:).5 5 7
1HJ1--J-2
.■•>:),7y,S2l
l,()2,.').5,fill
l,4o,!)-,:t87t 2O2 II
1822-2.1
l!),2l,!-75
2,0(1. 12, i;)!)
I,.',:!, 17,0)0 yii 10 o
is2;i-;i4
.in,.^7,ll7
1,81,88,080
i,ai),i7,;iU7
2.-.(> 1
1824-2,-,
.'■> 1 ,(i2,(l(li)
1 ,7;,!15,8i)7
1,1:), 1)7, :<-•(!
220 :i 4
lS.','')-2(i
■ll),l.!,.^il(i
l,70,:i(>,ooi)
I,l:l,4(i,82.')l
24!) :i
lS-'()-27
.'):i,.')S,()7l
2,11,:)4,(»;)H
I,.il,2l),H(>(i'
31)4 7
1 827-28 i
•I8,0l),()fl0
2,o.i,:t(i,H72
l,;i.-),(i8,,-,7,5
4 1 .->
1828-21)1
.'i-.,n(i,()()0
l,i)(i,l (),.') .i?
l.ii/,89,i"7
Ky
I829-;tl»l
■15,00,1)1)0
I,(il,:lj,:t70
1,17,10,(142
37.1
ih:iii-:u!
■12,01,000
2,oi,;t7,08(i
I,5)i,:)!),,03:i
417
I«:ii-:i2i
■1>^, 01,000
I,91,.->8,081
1, 12,711, K!)8
401
I8:i2-:t:t!
■lf),(IO,.iOO
l,72,fi2,()()0
l,i:),f^!),.'-if)4
.n;(i
I8:t:)-;)i
1(1,01,000
1,70,1. '(,04:1
!)l,87,()()l
3()()
is:m-:i.-i
■12,00,000
1, (is, 2:1, 84 4
98,08,417
18:i,^-;i(i
;)i),oM,oo(i
,.').'"), 4.1, 487
ls;te-37
■l(i,S2,72a
,.Vl,01,80y
Opium, — The revenue derived from opium, which
is only second in importance to salt, is obtained in
Bengal by Government receiving the prepared juice
dii-eet from the cultivators, and odcring it for sale at
public auction to the exporter (no opiian is allowed
to be grown in Bengal but by the cultivators, who
are under engagements and advances with (ioverii-
ment) ; and in Bombay a transit duty is charged on
the shipment of the drug to China, the opium being
grown and prepared in allied states, Malwa, for in-
stance. Under the head of commerce, further [)arti-
culars will be found ; it is here suilicient to say that
the incidence of this tax is diliicult of ascertainiiieiit :
at first view it appears to fall on the consumers in
China, or other foreigners in the E. Archipelago; hut
on a second view of the question it is evident that if
the British Government did not levy the tax, the
Bengal producer of the opium would be at liberty to
realize if possible the present [irice, and |)ockct him-
self the did'ercnce which now goes into the Indian
treasury. The charge in Bengal on the opium reve-
nue for 1827-28, the latest year laid before Parlia-
ment, was 058,254/., or S. R. 50,74,005 ; of which
the manufacturers receive in advance, S. 11. 38,79,974 ;
and the salaries, agency establishments and contin-
gencies were 7,20,024 ; and there was also a conipeii-
satvon to purchasers of inferior Bahar opium in
1824-25 of S. R. 10,68,008. It may here be observed
that a chest or bale of the E. I. Company's oi)iuiii is
instantly purchased by a Chinese customer without
any other examination than that of the Company's
mark. The total number of chests of India .pium
imported into China (vide Commerce section) was in
1833, 23,092 chests, the value of which was Sp. clol.
15,352,429. An official document laid before the
Revenue Sub-corn
gives the followir
years I have filled
Quantit
Years
1797-8
1798-9
1799"!
1800 ;
1800-1
1801-2
1S02-3
J 803-4
1804-5
1805-fi
1000-7
1837-8
1808-9
1809-10
1810-11
1811-12
1812-13
1813-14
1814-15
1815-10
1810-17
1817-18
1818-19
1819-20 {
1820-21 !
1821-22 '
1822-23 I
1823-24
1824-25 I
1825-26 j
1826-27 I
1827-28 ;
1828-29
1829-30
1830-31
1831-32
1832-33
1833-,34
18.34-35
IS35-36
1836-37
* These average pi
|iient,in the year 1822,
I "'s Government fixed t
t Gross recelpt.s.
[For fi
Customn, whether der
on land, or from goods
form the next item, anc
I collection of wland or t(
I « final abolition (in Bo
the duties levied on se
pa unaccompanied by 1
I Msmp, are an increa
3
2
2
2
3
3:
3(
3-
3;
3f
3h
3S
38
30
( 33
35
' 28;
28
301
31(
25;
33:
26(
41.
28;;
49
40
54
52
614
500
52
72
8271
HINDOSTAN.— FINANCES
Heveniie Sub-committee of Parliament in June, 1822,
gives the following detail to 1 827 ; the subsequent
years I have filled up at the India House, the form of
337
the return, it will be perceived, differs in the latter
years, when the Mahva cultivation or purchase was
abandoned for a transit duty.
Quan
tity of Bel
ar and Benares Opium sold in
India from 1797 to 1827, prime cost, &c.
DEHAR.
UKNARKS.
Prime Cost at
Time of Sale,
per Factory
Price per Seer
to Cultivator or
Manufacturer in
MAI.WA.
Years.
Quantity
Sold by Auction.
Quantity
Sold, by Auction.
Quantity
Sohl by
Auction.
Maund in
Sicca Rupees.
Sicca Rupees.
Chests.
Factory
Maunds.
Chests
Factory
iMauiids.
Chests.
1797-8
3450
7265
722
1450
82 4 -
1798-9
3325
6894
729
1471
82 4 6
17991
1800 J
36G5
7668
905
1847
81 1 5
•1 13 1
1800-1
3148
6598
799
1652
82 6 4
1801-2
2570
5337
722
1509
83 15 9
1802-3
2224
4610
616
1275
83 5 7
1803-4
2380
4790
779
1615
82 4 6
*1 14 5
1804-5
3004
6204
832
1703
79 7 6
1805-f)
3278
6828
848
1761
79 111
100f>-7
. 3649i-
7580
880
I84G
79 14 3
1837-8
3420
6909
788
1623
82 14 5
•1 14 9
1808-9
3793
7903
767
1580
82 8 10
1809-10
3970
8319
998
2053
80 9 9
1810-11
3885
8088
1006
2049
82 3 7
1811-12
3959
8198
1007
2052
84 1 3
1812-13
3844
7934
925
1928
84 2 10
1813-14
3023
6269
649
1360
89 2 6
1814-15
3381
7056
849
1756
86 1 1
181 5-1 f>
3571
7317
747
1531
85 9 2
181fi-17
2885
5837
800
1639
92 2 -J
1817-18
2863
5896
689
1404
91 4 2.i
1818-19
3095
6231
611
1257
95 10 -
1819-20
3161
6648
783
1601
89 14 6
1820-21
2537
4989
508
1054
102 13 U
*1 14 9
1600
1821-22
3327
5530
573
1159
112 3 2
-
1600
1822-23
2661
4473
699
1326
115 12 9i
-
4000
182:!-24
4148
7954
1242
2402
129 1 4
-
4000
1824-25
2836
6277
974
1974
135 - 8
-
4200
1825-26
4982
9436
1588
2981
126 8 6
-
4000
1826-27
4698
9981
1652
2986
138 3 6
-
3065
1827-28
5432
1963
17.686,387t
12.011,781:
1658§
1828-29
6287
2122
18,133,489
12,283,885
1248
1829-30
6149
2429
15,262,092
11,115,436
1284
1830-31
5601
2147
12,616,358
9,416.716
1668
1831-32
5219
2518
1477
1832-33
7251
3087
1169
1833-34
8276
3947
946
1834-35
1835-36
1830-37
«
• These average prices, of which the maximum was rupees 2.?. 2d., were reported to the Bengal Govern-
ment, in tlie year 1822, as having been given to the cultivators of opium at the respective periods. In 1823
the Government fixed the maximum of recompense to the cultivator at 3 rupees per seer.
t Gross receipts. + Net receipts. § This is the averaging price per chest.
[For further details relative to the Opium Trade see section on Commerce.]
Custnm.i, whether derived by transit or other duties | their establishment in Bengal in 1 797, and in Calcutta
city in 1828. Tiie instruments liable to the duty in
j on land, or from goods exported or imported by sea,
form the next item, and are yearly increasing. The
collection of )■))/««(< orturnpikc like duties is in course
of final abolition (in Bombay totally abrogated] ; and
the duties levied on sea goods are light in amount,
I «nd unaccompanied by vexatious restrictions.
Stamps are an increasing source of revenue since
X X
Bengal are, contracts, deeds, conveyances, leases,
powers of attorney, policies of insurance, ])romissory
notes, receipts, bail bonds, and legal proceeding gene-
rally (bills of exchange under 25 rupees, and receipts
under 60 rupees, are alone exempt). In Madras
stamped paper was first introduced in 1808, chiefly
i: I'll;
I /■■I
■•11
;'■ 1 !* .■ * ( ■
W I
!'U:
Ui^--.:
■I'tf
■v:
338
HINDOSTAN.— FINANCES.
oil legal proceedings; and in 181fi the duties were
extended to bonds, deeds, leases, mortgages, hills of
exchange, and receipts. In Bombay the tax was first
introduced in IWiri. Delhi and some other territories
are not yet subjected to this duty, from tiie operation
of which the small dealer and poor farmer is exempt,
while the large capitalist or inveterate litigist is made
to pay a portion of the Government expenses, the
most productive stamps in India being those on money-
dealing and miscellaneous law-papers. The charge on
stamps for 1827-8, was in Bengal, 71,431/., or S. R.
6,15,782, viz. fees to native commissioners in Mofussil
courts, S. R. 2,27,.'170; purchase of ])aper, 48,704;
commission, salary, establishment, and contingency,
3,39,708. For Madras the total charge was 9,437/.
The naiii'r and ahkarve taxes include a variety of
items, in some places being irregular collections by
provincial oflicers ; in others licenses on professions
or on manufactures, such as the distillation of spirits,
which latter is collected by a still-head duty, manu-
factured after the Knglish fashion, at the rate of six
anas, or six sixteenths of a rupee jier gallon, London
proof. There is a tobacco monopoly in some places,
and extra cesses in others; but these and other un-
statesman-like sources of revenue are all in course of
abolition.
The Mini revenue is collected by a seignoragc for
coining of two per cent, on the produce, after allow-
ing for the difference of standard and deducting the
charges of refining when such are chargeable ; that is,
when the silver is below the dollar standard, which is
fiveorsix times worse than the present rupee. Copper
coinage also yields to the Government a large profit,
the copper money being issued at the rate of G4
(weighing 6,400 grains) for the rupee, which is about
100 per cent, above the value of the copper. The
charges on the Mint revenue of Bengal was, in 1827,
43,838/., or S. R. 3,77,867, viz. salaries, establish-
ments and contingencies, 2,01,080; loss of weight in
melting the precious metals, 1,76,787 ; for Madras,
20,406/., and Bombay, 3,637/.
The Post-office tax is light in amount, and increasing
as fast as can be expected from a post conveyed by
runnsrs on foot. The charges under this head of
revenue were for Bengal, salaries and establishments,
S.R. l,2f.,594; Dawk establishment, 6,42,293 ; total,
S.R. 7,67,887, or 89,07.5/. Madras, salaries and es-
tablishments, &c. S.R. 64,973 ; Tappal establishment,
1,91,744.; total, S.R. 2,56,717, or 29,339/. Bombay,
18,148/.
The charges for transmission of letters through
the Government post-offices of British India are —
In Bengal, a letter is forwarded 1,000 miles for 12
anas, or Is. dd. ; in Bombay, ditto 1,000 ditto for 15
ditto, or Is. lO^i/.; in Madras, ditto 1,000 ditto for
17 ditto, or 2s. Hi/.
The Marine revenue arises from port and anchorage
dues, &c., in order to keep up the useful establish-
ments at Calcutta, Madras and Bombay, in particular
at the former port.
The foregoing items are the principal, if not the
sole, sources of the Government revenue of 18 to
20,000,000/. a-year.
The expenditure may, in the aggregate, be thus
stated, under distinct heads.
Civil and Miliary Administration and Charges of !',ri.
tish India, exclusive of Home {'".stablishmints, or uf
I'enang, Malacca, Singapore, *tc. : —
Nos. and Expe
W
2 >
ts
H
o
t
i
ST ^^
1 3
1^
Prcsiilency.
^
;j,
H>
to
CJ
4k CD
4^
5 lO
*■!
Area iu Square Miles.
•^I
W
to o
IX
- o
to
—
-
o
Ot
1^:^
••1
Ui
s
©
o
1
©
r
5
3
©
Poiiulallon.
c
o
D
©
o
o
©
O
e
o
o
©
__ o
o_
o
i
o
Governors and .Mem-
1
<t^
■u.
i^
"
Ol
bers ofConncil.
Members 1)1 Boards of
o»
"
to
4k.
Revenue, Sic.
n
^^ 1
^
Secretaries toUovern-
•fe
w
4>.
•^1
n.ent.
r
i 1
«
u
•U
g
Diplomatic Agents.
•1
c
to
lO
Cn
Totiil Kiiroijeans civil
Cn
VI
o>
'<£
and Uncovenaiitedi.
W
■^1
g
S
European.
s
.-J5_
u
Ol
<X
to
OD
g
i
1^;
x
U
Oi
to
to
g?
Native.
.A
3 '
w_
X
4k
n
I
,_-_,
r^^
r-"^
IC
01-'
to
t^:.
— .^
OltO
4. W
CD I*
-' o
O Oi
Marine.
Zrt^^PJ
2:w
\
w^
^^
^-^~^
1
I
ft
CO
©
•^
i^-
Governors and Mem-
fe
to
■^1
lO
©
©
bers of Conneil.
t"
__y _^
Oi
o
-'_ . ..
M
Co
o
h
Members of Revenue
Oi
o
■^1
Hoards, &c.
O
1
_.'*.
_tc
_ ti
2
tn
to
u
<K ,
c»
y
2
:ih.
Secretaryships.
■^
cc
CO
Oi
■X
tf>
00
lO
Ci
X )
t£
"
""'
■
^
A-
•u
CO
*•! .
«D
■^1
*^1
g
gl^
Diplomatic AKCncies.
y. 1
Ct
(JX
to
!Ji
__w
w
I i
< 1
CC
a>
to
o
4-
CD ,
Grand Total Civil Cbarses,
en
o
C;i
it
i: rts
enumerated and not enu-
a 1
f
4*-
to
^
©
©
Ol *
merated.
c 1
o
-
EC
^^
CO
4^
1
V.
•^I
<^ ,
&
*k
•^1
to
s^
Military.
QD
©
(O
^1
*o
10
to
^
4>.
rw
^^
«•
"~
»
O)
<o
to
to
to
10
£^
Marine.
1
to
4^
4>
1
w
4>-
"-*
CD
00
u
C;i
to
w
CJi
•■1
to
en
th-
Total Charges (at tlie old ra
e of 1
CO
CX)
4^
©
Kxcliange.)
1
A.
*■!
to
-■1
Ot
<c
03
to
^
ES
to
03
"1
O)
to *
Total Revenue (at the newra
trofi
£
Exchange, 2s. the rupee.)
u
to
to
— _H_
tj*
to
1
»0
1
to
to
o ;
Interest on Debts of India,
)Oth
Ci
Ci
April, IS32, Rupee at 'J.s.
(O
en
O)
i^
4>
to
QC
N. B. — The changes occasioned by the new charter, and
the yet unascertained establishment of the new Presidency
at Agra, leaves this table incomplete. By the new rliartcr,
the salary of the Governor general is. Sicca Rupees iiUViM,
and that of eafh of the four Ordinary Members of Cciiiiicii,
S. R. 96.n»«i that of the Governor of each Presidency,
S. R. 120,000, and that of each Meml)er of tlnir Council,
S. R. 60,000. The salary of the BifbO|> of Calcutti^ is, S. R-
50.000, and of each Bishop of Madras and Bombay, S. R-
24,000.
I/J
(d
<^
Bengal.
1813
101 7, '■)9
1814 99769
If^ir. 129.'.36
1816 130929
181" 124r)26
1818 136122
1819 132.340
1H20 132909
1^2 1
1289S3
1822
129233
1823
129473
1824
13,')735
]>^->',
1.58304
1826
l.'>72,50
1827
1440.'; 6
IIS28
13.-)801
l><29
126527
is;«)
112.583
1H31
97.552
]<•'■>
9.3421
lN;i3
92989
\KU
91467
iH.'i,-)
92856
lH;i6
93771
l,x37
93835
1
Note. — From 18!
made according to
charges, as compan
since 1833 has not
The Annual
Corps.
Huu. Comjiany's Eng
fEuropean
I Ditto Fo
Artillery..^ Native Ho
Ditto Fo
.Golundauz
H. M.'s El
Hon. Co.'s
. Do. do. do
H. M.'s En
Hon. Com
Do. Nat. h
I Do. do. Irr
Staff
Medical napartniciit
nonccr Corps
I'omniissariat Dejiartm
Military Charges not CO
under the above hea
Cavalry.
Infantry,
Total.
In the army estim
and numbers of foui
battalions of infant
"orses, number 2,8(
tiimmissioned ditto
link and file, 2,700
VSPS of I'.ii-
mints, or uf
p
liarKPs,
lot emi-
le old rate of '
:e.)
he new rate of j
he rupee.)
nf India, 30th
pee at 'i-i.
new charter, and
: new Presidency
the new cliarter,
a Rupees 240,«(i».
nbcrs of Council,
■acli PrcsidencT,
of tliiir Council,
Caleti!U> is S.R-
id Biinibay, S. R
HINUOSTAN.— KXi'ENDlTUUK MILITARY AND Cl.KRICAI..
339
Xos. and Expense of the Aiiglo-Iiidian Army at cncli Presidency, independent of I'rinee of Wales' Island,
St. Helena, &c., from 1813, was —
Numbers.
KXPENSB.
Bengal.
Madras.
Homhay.
Total.
Benpal.
Madras,
Bombay.
Total.
£.
£.
£.
£.
1813
101759
69437
28869
2('0065
3075942
3048292
1123583
7247817
1814
997(19
66389
28274
191432
32037H8
2942508
1144804
7291100
IHl.'-)
12953f!
68704
28937
227177
37954H3
3 1 06202
1394362
8L'96(J47
I81C
130929
70998
28950
230877
3996940
3372775
1622564
8992279
181"
124526
72126
29533
226185
3H58570
3189079
1545285
8592934
1818
136122
73517
33595
243234
4489034
3392819
2038513
9920366
1H19
132,340
76502
36524
245366
4726407
3725226
1938916
10390549
1820
132909
88430
35951
257290
4321106
3734724
1792739
9848569
l>*-2l
1289S3
88718
39277
256978
4475387
3571142
2170047
10216576
1822
129233
77664
38337
245234
4247950
3261344
184 6808
9356102
1823
129473
71423
36475
237371
4226636
3109709
1781222
9117567
1824
135735
69446
37885
243066
4613104
3059041
1704653
9376798
]>-•>'>
158304
76422
41514
276240
6175912
3314779
1704653
1 1 1 9.5344
\H-2r,
157250
83829
49755
290834
7113114
3375338
2335647
12824099
1827
144056
80047
49267
273370
6439617
3315920
2156862
11912399
IIS28
135801
7.5473
47745
259019
3805075
285(i230
1614131
827.5436
\>*-2<J
126527
72803
44103
243433
3581789
2661748
1549615
7793152
1S3()
112583
70730
40148
223461
3353687
2572820
1507313
7433820
IM31
975.52
67669
38769
203990
3431378
2386130
1355675
7173183
ix:!2
93421
60518
34880
188819
3653768
2332457
1268709
72.54934
1S33
92989
59.f67
33762
186118
3449085
2407><80
1272431
7129396
IH.TJ
91467
5«282
29980
179729
183:')
92856
57514
28839
1 79209
iHiiC,
93771
57237
29559
180567
\Ki7
93835
57875
29363
181073
l\-ote. — From 182S-9, the conversion of the Indian money into sterling in the above account, has been
made according to the bullion value of the rupee, which caus';s an api)arent diminution in the military
charges, as compared with the charges in the years preceding 1828-9, of 16 per cent. The Expenditure
since 1833 has not undergone any material change.
The Annual Charge of the Army in 1830.
Corps.
it
q
tn
>•
i
s
a>
n
s
a
H
£.
Jt.
£.
d.:
Hou. Company's Engineeis
23!|6h
24022
35883
83874
'European Horse
gW(l5B
50788
60295
199141
Ditto I'oot. . . .
IKIjlL'
84597
57234
252313
Artillery..^ Native Horse .
27987
4fi252
—
74239
Ditto l''oot. . . .
43718
32812
21175
97705
Goliuulauze
3035
—
—
3035
fH. M.'sEur. R-.
81832
40803
4995:;
172588
Cavalry. < Hon. Co.'s N. R
290982
297316! 130565
718853
Do. do. do. Irrg.
13(1812
—
48581
179393
(•H. M.'sEur. Rg.
240899
267159
120554
028612
•"'-">•• rN»:g.'?
33018
42356
47021)
122400
14333f)fi
1146000
5229H9
3102355
.Do. do. Irreg. ..
245204
12980
12528
270712
Stafr
174794
()()()72
1(18501
35134
145195
30952
488490
Medical Dapartment
132858
Pioneer Corps
17312
35393
2I806
74511
Commissariat Department. .
382499
207346
24482
614327
Military thargesi not coming
under the above heads . .
933769
724816
520302
2178887
Total
4328537
3216275
1849510
9394322
In the army estimates for 1835-36, the charge for,
and numbers of four regiments of dragoons and 20
battalions of infantry is thus specified: — Cavalry,
liuises, number 2,804; officers, number 188; nnn-
tomniissioned ditto and trumpeters, number 268 ;
miii and file, 2,700; total of all ranks, 3,156; pay
and allowances of ditto, 115,233/.; allowances to
field officers, &c. 4,836/. ; agency, 1,409/.; clothing,
12,860/. ; total for 365 days, 134,338/. Infantry,
officers, No. 1,020 ; non-commi.ssioned ditto and druRi-
iners, No. 1,200; rank and file. No. 14,780; of all ranks,
1 7,000 ; pay & allowance, 495,283/.; allowances to field
officers, &c. 7,928/.; agency, 5,021/.; clothing, 46,499/.;
total, for 365 days, 554,730/. Aggregate annual
charges for cavalry and infantry (including 2,835/.
for depots at Maidstone and Chatham), 691,904/. Of
staff officers belonging to the British army, there are
in India 24 colonels (charge 16,000/.) ; 48 lieu-
tenant-colonels (16,248/.) ; and 48 majors (14,970/.)
In addition to the statement^ given under the sec-
tion on Religion, the following data will demon-
strate the extent of Ecclesiastical charges for the
maintenance of Christian Establishments.
Return to an order of the honourable the House
of Commons, dated 5th July 1836; — a return of
the number of persons on the Ecclesiastical Establish-
ment of the Church of I^ngland, and of the Presby-
terian Church, and other religious denominations, in
the Territories of the East India Company ; stating
the rank of each, where stationed, the expenses of
fixed salary and allowances of each, and the total ex-
penses of each Presidency and Dependency for such
establishments, in rupees and in sterling money, for
the last year the account can be made up, so as to
exhibit the whole amount paid from the revenues of
hidia for the support of religion of every denomina-
tion.
'ii
■'■ ■',-
l ■''^■:l
:t :>■■'
■ \ I
, Wl
340
HINDOSTAN.— ECCLESIASTICAL CHARGES.
A return of the Ecclesiastical Establishment of tlie
Church of Englnnd, and of the Presbyterian Church,
also of allowances to Roman Catholic I'riests, in tlie
Territories of tiie East India Company, in the /car
1834 (the latest accounts received) ; showing the
station of each Minister, and the amount of liis salary
and allowances; to(,'Cther with tiic total expriise of
each Presidency, and the aggregate amount of the
whole.
Salary and Allowances of the Lord Bishop and Clcrf-'v,
and Allownnci's and Coiitiiigciicics of the Subor-
dinate Establishments of Bengal.
}.,:
The Lord Bishop of Calcutta . .
The Venerable the Archdeacon .
Domestic Chaplain to tlie Bishop
Senior Presidency Chaplain . .
Junior ditto
Chaplain at Nusseerabad . . .
" Agra
" Bareilly
" Dacca and Chittagong . .
" Kurnaul
" Barrackporc
" Meerut
Ditto
" Cavvnpore
" Ditto
" Eutteligur
" Delhi
" Neemuch
" Saugor
" Mhow
" Dum Dum
Chaplain to the Garrison at \
Fort William J
Senior Chaplain at the old
Church, Calcutta
Junior ditto ditto ....
Chaplain at St. James's Ch. ditto!
" St. Peter's Church . ditto'
" Dinageporc and Gazeepore
" Benares
" Dinapore and Patna . . .
" Berhampore
•* Allahabad
" Chinsurah
" Cuttack
" Hazarcebaug
" Moulmein
Officiating Minister at Howrah .
" " Lucknow .
" " Chunar . .
Travelling allowances to Archdeacon and Chaplains,
and other expenses, H,f.23 Sa, Rs. ; Expense of the
Church Establishment in Bengal, 4,57,11b; Senior
Minister of the Scotch Church, 12,931 ; Junior ditto
ditto, 9,483 ; Expense of the Scotch Church in Ben-
gal, 22,414 Sa. Rs. Allowance to a Roman Catholic
Priest at the Presidency and Dum Dum, 2,400 Sa. Rs.;
ditto ditto Cawnpore, 600 ; ditto ditto Dinapore, 600 ;
ditto ditto Berhampore, 600 ; ditto ditto Meerut, 600 ;
allowances to Roman Catholic Priests in Bengal,
4,800 ; Total expense, 4,84,330 Sa. Rs. At 2s. the
Sicca Rupee, 48,433/.
Sa. lis.
.'■)0,303
17,241
8,621
14,'.»'.)3
12,1)31
10,345
10.34.')
10,34.'')
9,11)3
10,34,')
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,345
10,3 45
10,315
10,061
9,777
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
8,621
Sa. Rs.
10,800
310
355
276
283
810
522
220
2,100
727
96
80
138
1,121
207
1,808
5,658
3,276
1,962
815
138
936
367
689
714
8,621
270
8,621
—
8,621
150
1,200
762
4,593
—
4,593
494
4,00,409
48,084
Sa. Rs.
Sa. Hs.
Chaplain at Singapore . . . .
9,186
689
" Prince of Wales' Island
9,186
1,000
Ofticiating Chaplain at Malacca .
2,871
—
Allowances to Roman Catholic
Priests at ditto
1,895
—
22,138
1,689
At 'is. the Sicca Rupee . .
M A D R A S.
£. 2,4«3
The Venerable the Arclideacon
Siiiior Presidency Chaplain .
Junior ditti)
Chaplain at Black Town . .
" Vej)ery
" the (iarrison ....
" St. Thomas's Mount
" Arcot
" Cuddalore
" Trichiiio|)oly ....
" Ootacamund ....
" Masidipatam ....
" Bellary
" Vizauapatam ....
" Cannanore
1st " Bangalore
2d " "
" Secundcrabad ....
" Nairpore
Ofliciating -Minister at Black Town
Cuddalore .
" " Nisrapatam .
Tanjoro . .
Establishment at Sadras and
Madura
Rupees. I
19,091
14,400
ll,760j
8,6-13!
7,875
8,715
8,643
7,875
8,559
7,875
7,875
8,463
7,875
8,127
7,875
8,559
7,875
9,759
9,639
1,050
4211
1,050
960
Expense of the Church Establish-
ment at Madras
Senior Minister of the Scotch
Church
Junior ditto ditto ....
1,82,963
Rupees.
7,618
1)06
1,72n
2,967
1,650
1,470
513
819
568
8s2
58H
459
861
631)
702
6:iy
78
4C2
23,599
Rupees, 2,06,5G2
11,760
7,875
19,635
1,050
1,050
Expense of the Scotch Church at
Madras Rupeess, 20,685
Allowance to a Roman Catholic Priest at the Gar
rison, 420 rs.; ditto at St. Thomas's Mount, 1,050
ditto at Poonamallee, 360 ; ditto at Cuddalore, 420
ditto at Trichinopoly, 360 ; ditto at Masulipatam, 600
ditto at Bellary, 360; ditto at Vizagapatain, 240
ditto at Cannanore, 756 ; ditto at Bangaloro, 75(i
ditto at Secundcrabad, 600 ; total ditto at Madras,
5,922 rs.; total Madras rupees, 2,33,169; or sicca
rupees, 2,18,938; at 2*. each, 21,894/.
Salary and AUov
and Allowanci
nate Establish
The Venerable t
Senior ( lui|)lain
Junior do. anil G
Cliaplain at Byci
l^itto at Surat
Pitto nt I'oonah
l.'itto at /Mrnicdn
Ditto at Kiikee,
Pitto at Belgium
Ditto at Ahniedn
Ditto at Deesa
Ditto at Dapoolci
I'xpcnse of the C
mcnt at Bomb;
Senior Minister (
Church
Junior ditto
Kxpense of the Si
Bombay
Allowance to a
720 rs. ; ditto at
COO; ditto at Si
540 ; ditto at Dei
total ditto at Bo
pees, 1,81,029; 01
16,998/. Ben^'al
P, W. Island, Ahd
(Iras Presidcne\
89,808/. In ai'ldit
incurred in India,
the same year for
Chaplains, &c., thi
97,593/.
Dr.
Cash, gove-nmcnt
deposits of gove
and bills on govi
Private bills discou
Doubtful debts .
Advance for legal j
Dead stock
Dr.
Cash and governmc
Loans on deposit ol
Bills on govern men
I'rivate bills discoui
Joint liability bills r
Purchasers of pledg
Doubtful debts .
•■Vccounts of credit c
Advance for legal pi
Dead stock
Rates of business
vate bill discounts, i
inxnOSTAN.— FINANCr.S AND MONFITARY SYSTI'.M.
:MI
1
7,G18
—
—
3
'.)0G
f5
1,7'.'«
T)
2,yG7
43
1,(',5U
75
1,470
39
543
75
819
75
588
('.3
MW2
75
588
■11
4;VJ
75
8r,l
.>y
1 C39
7.)
J
50
70i>
,:vj
r.KD
)5(
—
12(
—
)5t
) 78
JOC
) —
)f.3| 23,59'J
Salary and Allowances of the Archdeacon and ClcrKy,
and Allowances and ContinKCiicics of the Subordi-
nate lilstabtishmtints of Boinbav.
Knpees.
Ru|)ees.
The Venerable the Archdeacon ,
17,77>^
I'.fiCJ
Senior ( iinplain at the Presidency
14,40(»
• C.OHG
Junior do. nnil (aiirison ('liiiplain
15,0(;o
(liaplaiu at Hyeullali and Tannah
<j,L>nn
i;;tto at Surat
9,0H0
1,3 OS
Pitto at I'oonah
D.HOO
l,52fi
Pitto at Abnicdsibad, S:c.
10,100
Ditto at Kirkee, iic.
11,000
Ditto at HelKauni .
Ditto at Ahniednngsur, &e.
8,000
10,100
•10,095
Ditto at Decsa
8,000
Ditto at Uapoolcc, &c. .
y,C,08
-
1,32,7J(;
22,27'J
F.xncnse of the Church Establish- 1 , -r nr,-
ment at Bombay • ■ J
Senior Minister of the Scotch
Church ....
Junior ditto
ll,7f;o \\
y,2oo : J
984
20,900 , 9«4
Expense of the Scotch Church at "1 „, „ , .
Bombay . . . . / "''•'^
Allowance to a Roman Catholic Priest at Pombtiy,
720 rs. ; ditto at Colal)ab, 1,140; ditto at I'oonnli,
COO; ditto at Surat, COO; ditto at Abni'ednugs;nr,
,540; ditto at Deesa, 300 ; ditto at Scholapoore, 120;
total ditto at Bombay, 4, Oho rs. ; total Hond)ay ru-
pees, 1,81,029 ; or sicca rupees, 1,09, 9-^0 ; at 2,*. eacli,
lfi,f)98/. Hernial Presidency, 48,433^. ; Siiicaporo,
P, \V. Island, Malacca, 2,48.3/. ; total, .".0,910/. Ma-
(Iras Presidency, 21,894/; Bombay, 10,998/.; totil,
89,808/. In addition to the above sum of 89,80><A
incurred in India, there was also defrayed at home in
the same year for pension and furlough allowances to
Cliaplains, &c., the sum of 7,758/., making together
97,593/.
XII. The Bank of Bengal (the only chartered bank
in our Kastcrn possessions), established in 1809, by a
charter from the Oovernor-Oeneral in Council, under
I Act of Parliament, is partly a private, ))artly a Cio-
I vernmcnt bank, re;;ulated a« " !,ank of discount and
deposit, on the principles of the Bank of I'.nghuid,
and conlined in its accounts and transiictions to Cal-
I cutta. The shares were in value 1,000/. pncli, atid in
No. 500 ; the (iovornment holilini; 100, with power
\ to noinii'ate three Directors, while the proprietors
elected six; tlie President elected by the Directors,
I and the (iroprittors vo'inj; by proxy. Natives may be-
I come Direcrors if chosen by the proprietors. Lately
1 the N(>. of shares and their value bus been increased.
The premium on bank stock is aliout 50 percent., and
] the averase amount of dividend of late years nine to
ten per cent. The accounts are public, and regularly
! laid l)efore !j;over!iment twice a year, and of a finid- up
capital of 5,000,000 rupees, part is vested in govern-
ment securities, ;uid the remainder employed in the
I trade of banking. It issues notes which vary in
; amount from 10 rujiees to 20,000 rupees, there beiiii^
■ no maximum or minimum limitation. The largest
proportion is in notes of 100 rupees upwards; the
average amount of its jiaper in circulation is 800,000/.
which is all payable on demand at sight. The notes
circulate among the natives as far as Behar, or v.her-
I ever they are received in the Government Treasuries
' in receipt for revenue, &c. There are two restrictions
, upon the issue of paper money, the first practical,
! namely a reservation of cash equivalent to a lourth
I of its eugaL'cments iiayable on demand, and the
I second, that the circulation of notes shall not exceed
2,000,000/. but there has scarcely ever bei'ii a demand
for notes to half that exit ut. The Bank of Bengal
has no monopoly, it is however the only chartered
bank, ;'. e. it is a corporation, can sue and l)e sued
under its common seal, and individual proprietors are
not liable beyond the amount of their subscription ;
its other exclusive advantages consist in Government
receiving its notes solely. Tlie following return
shews tiie balance of the Bank of Bengal, 29th
June, 18;!3 : —
Dr. S. Rs.
Cash, gove-nment securities, loans on
deposits of government securities, &c.
and bills on governnient discounted 12,595,498
Private bills discounted . . . 3,918,5«9
Doubtful debts 719,158
Advance for legal proceedings . . 3,235
Deadstock 117,029
Total . . 17,353,509
Cr.
Bank notes and post bills outstanding
and claims i)ayablc on demand
Net stock .....
Total
Dr.
Balance of the Bank of Bengal, the 31st December, 1830
Go's Rs.
97,57,023
59, 72, 005
33,02,745
18,88,701
5,92,3«0
Cash and government securities .
Loans on deposit of government securities
Bills on government discounted .
Private bills discounted
Joint liability bills and notes
Purchasers of pledged and forfeit securities 4,28,074
Doubtful debts 80,030
.Accounts of credit on deposit securities 9,89,22i")
Advance for legal proceedings . . 2,226
Deadstock 1,19,871
Cr.
Bank notes and post bills outstanding
and claims jjayable on demand
Suspense account, B. N. . . .
Suspense account ....
Net stock ......
S. Rs.
12,105,443
5,248,006
17,35:;, 509
Co's Rs
1,50,91,739
43,908
3,02,348
76,90,742
Total
2,31,94,737
Total
2,31,94,737
Rates of business, on this date 6 per cent, for pri-
vate bill discounts, and 4 per cent, for deposit loans ;
its issues are 12,000,000 rupees, a sum more than 50
per cent, in excess of the minimum of 1827, in which
I t
1* i
»i
' f «■!
11, ^ ss
34^
HINDOSTAN.— FINANCI'.S AND MONT'IAUY SYSTKM.
year the whoir nmount of hnnk notps, IncliidinR those
of the three private hniikt then in existence, whs not
prenter thuii the present Joint eirculntion of the linnk
of Henp;nl iind the (Mnon Himk. 'I'he hank Ims lost
Consi(hrnl)ly by liml debts itnd by forjieries, iit whieh
latter tiie initives »re i \treniely expi'rt. 'Iliere is mi
estdhhshnient ternud tlie Inion Hank at L'alenttn,
sugfiested and ii'(h'd in its tiniiiatiiin hy the uutlmr ot
this work : it is supported hy tlie prineipiil nierehiUits,
and fpiite imeonneeted with Ko^ernnient. Anoiiier
estahiisiinient called the Hank of India is now beinj;
I'ornied at Calcutta. Madras has no bank |)rccisely
similar to that of Moiif^al : a hank is now heinj; formed at
Bombay. 'I'licro can now scarcely he said to be any sold
coin in eiieiilutioii in Ben-ral, and the hij^hest silver de-
nomination is rupees, viz. tlioH' of Calcutta and Fur-
ruckahad. The Furnicknlmd R. weit;hs IMO.iiM-l grs.
troy; Calcutta rupee lyLIMT) >;;rK. troy. For practical
purposes the Calcutta rupee may be valued as weijrh-
ing 102 grs. troy, with 17'i of silver, and the Fiirruck-
abad l)sO grs. \\ith l('i,'i of pure metal. The Madras
rupee, as established in I8IH, consists of IHO grs. and
contains Hi.'i grs. of pure silver, and !."> grs. of alloy.
'I'he gold coinage is of the same weight and (ineness
as the silver, but the ratio between gold and silver is
liable to bo varied from time to time by Government
proclamation. Bengal, Madras, and llombay have
t:ach a mint, at which are coined rupees agreeing in
standard and weight with the Furruckabad rupees,
and the rupees of the three Presidencies are issued to
the army at a nominal value, termed a Si/natit rupee.
The gold coins that issue from the mint can scarcely
be reckoned amongthe currencies, because the market
value of gold having risen considerably above the
mint value it has ceased to circulate at the prescribed
or at any fixed rate. The gold mohur of Bengal
weighs 204.710 grs. of wliich the line gold is IH'.Cial
grs. ; the Madras gold rupee is of the same weight
and standard with the silver, viz. 180 grs.; and at
both I'residencies the relative value of gold to silver
is fifteen to one, the Bengal mohur being reckoned
equal to IG rujiees. A copper coin, weighing 100 grs.
is current through the Bengal territories at the rate
of 04 to 7 rupees, but it is a legal tender only for the
fractional parts of the rupee ; cowries or sea shells
still circulate, and to a considerable extent in some
provinces, but they are disappearing with the pros-
perity of the country.
A large mint has been established at Bombay for
an uniform coinage, as there are a great number of
different rupees current in the Deckhan, coined in
different years, and having a marketable value, ac-
cording to their value. The rates of excharigc vary
not only between Bombay and Poonab, but between
district and district. Gold is not current in the
Deckhan ; there is no paper circulation ; but native
' Honndees,' or small bills of exchange, are numerous.
The circulating medium is silver and copper, the rela-
tive value altering in favour of the latter; all their
gold has been exported to England yeara ago. It
would he well 1 think to issue Government notes
Cpayable on demand in specie, and receivable at the
Revenue Collector's ofhcc for taxes &c.J from each
of the public treasuries, varying in amount from 50
to .'iOO rupees. This would be a safe and useful
circulating medium. Ordinary interest of money
with the natives nine, and with the Euroiiean mer-
cantile houses, five per cent. The bullion importa-
tion via Calcutta, from 1813-14 to 1831-32, is valued
at S. R.3."i,.i8.37,'i44 ; from whieh, deducting the
exports of bullion forthc same period, S.ll.ri,.')3,9r>,.=)44, i
leave l)ullion disposed of in the country, S.K.
Fine
Allnv.
Grains.
Grains.
17C)
ir,
88
8
44
4
105
If)
I 2'.»,.')4,4fi,l(il). The coinage of the several mints 'nr
j the above term of 18 years wus, Cnlciitta, S.l{.
j 2ll,;tt;,l.-i,l)(;:; ; Benares, S.K. m,82,3(s3;V.»; Ferruekn.
{bad, S.U. l,72,.">2,8i:i ; Sagur, S.K. 43,21,77'.).
I .Making a total of S.U. 3 »,3.'),22,;»40, being an v\vv,l,
I of oiie-tlfth above the iiuports, or S. II. .'>,3(l,7rp,Nl(i,
{ The coinage of the native mints is cstiiuated at one
I lialf of our own, which will give a total of S. |;.
3,Ol','.»;I,;"i7h, or three crores per iiiinum for the lien.
I gal I'risideiicy, being l')0,000 per diem for 2(iii
I working days.
The total coinage of copper pice since InOI, btius
a value in .silver of ")0i lakhs of S. K whieh in tale is
i32l crores for 31 years, or one crore per anmiin;
I thus adding 50,000 pieces to the daily work as above
I mentioiu'ii.
By a tinanrial regulation of the B.ngal Govern
' ment (13th May 1833) it is enacted, that —
I " The weight and standard of the Calcutt:i Sic(:i
Rujiee and its subdivisions, and of the Furruckabad
I Uupee, shall be as lollows :
Weight
Grains.
Calcutta Sicca Rupee l'.)2
Ditto half . . yr,
Ditto (piarfer . . 48
Furiuckabad Uupee 180
And its fractions in jjroportion being l-12th alloy.
The use of tin' sicca weight of 17'.)'Ci(Ui grains
hitherto employed for the receipt of bullion at the
mint, being in fact the weight of the Moorsbedabad
rupee of the old standard, which was assumed as the
sicca currency of the Honourable Company's Bin-
viiices of Hengal, llehar, and Orissa, shall be discon-
tinued, and in its place the following unit, to be called
the Tola, shall he introduced, which, from its imme-
diate comiexion with the rupee of the Upper Pro-
vinces, and of the Madras and Bom!)ay, will easily
and speedily become universal throughout the Britisl,
territories.
The Tula or Sicca Weiiiht to be equal to 180 giaiii<
troy, and the other denominations of weight to hu
derived from this unit, according to the following scale:
8 Ruttees — 1 Alusha — 15 Troy i;rains.
12 Mushas— 1 Tola— 180 ditto.
80 Tolas (or Sicca Weight) — 1 seer — i{ lbs. ditto.
40 Seers — 1 Mun, or Bazar Maund — 100 lbs. Troy.
At Calcutta the monies of account are as follows:
4 cowries (Cowrie is a small shell, i)lciitilul un
Eastern shores, particularly those of Africa; they arc,
however, fast disappearing from commercial transac-
tions at the Presidencies,) := 1 gunda=l(i aiias= 1 S.
rupee (20 gundas — 1 punn — 4 punns — 1 cna) M
S.U. — 1 gold mohur. The usual accounts are 4
punns or 12 pice=l ana — 10 anas=l S.R. = lgokl
mohur.
At Madras there is a considerable variety of coins
in circulation; accounts are kept thus, 80 casli = l
fanam ; 12 fanams = l rupee, and 42fanams=l pa-
goda, star or current pagoda worth 74'. h^il., com-
monly valued at 8s. The gold rupee, new coiiiagi',
1/. 'J.v. 22(i'., according to the mint price of g<dd in
England. Arcot rupee (silver) and new ditto,
Is. 11|(/. and l.v. l\hl Copper pieces coined in Eng-
land of 20 cash, called ]nre, and of 10 and 5 cash,
called (lodci's and half dodees, are also current.
Bombay rujiee divided into 4 (ps.,each qr. being 100
reas ; there are 2 reas in an urdee, 4 in a doos^aiii/ or
single pice, reas in a doreea, 8 reas in afudili'ii or
double pice, 50 pice or 10 anas in the )(//)cc, 5 riipecs
in a paitnchra, and 15 rupees in a gold mohur. The
anas and reas are imaginary coins ; the double and
siitfclo pice, th
coins, with u t
the gold mohu
The following i
|inncipal
Bombay.
gold
rnnid :
Calcutta.^ sicca
'"'■"""y-i Silver
Madras. Kii|iee.
By the latest
to establish a i\
were about to I
snperintendenci
For a long p
was towards li
clianged, and tl
of gold and silv
Net Import or
India in each
Years.
1
181,3-14
181-1-15
I,<
IS LI- 10
2,:
1810-17
4,'.
1817-18
4,1
1818-19
0,,'
1819-20
4,:.
1820-21
2,t
1821-22
1,1
1822-23
-',(
1823-24
1824-25
1,1
Further detai!
the precious me
List of the s
(Political.)— C
Indore, Nipaul,
N. E. Frontier,
Singapore, Mala
ISi'iis'al {lit'iri
hoom, Bullooal
Hooghly, Jessoi
shedabad, Nudd(
Sylhet, Tippera
Bhangulpore, Ri
Hidgelee, Midr
Rungpore (N. E
Upper Assam, A
Ghazeepore, Jui
reilly, Cawnpore
Moradabad (S.
Agra, Allyghur,
Calpee, Delhi, (
Ditto (W. Ditto
Ditto), Seharuiii
tah, JubbulporC;
MINnOSTAN—FlNANCKS AND MONT.TAllY SYSTF.M.
n»:i
sinttlc picp, the iirth'fii and tlir doii'i'ii, nif copin'r
coins, wiHi a niixtiiro of tin or Imil ; tlit- othirs nrr
thi> ^o|il nioliur nnd silver nipi'i', with tlii'ir (hsisions.
The folinwiiiK is the assiiy nnd sfi'rlini? vnliio of the
|iiinripnl i;old nnd silver coiimgc of Calcutta .1 .d
Itonihiiv.
GnM Mohnr...
Calcutta.^ sioi'ii Hiipcc's.
KiirnicKiUiii'l. .
•"'""'"y-i silver Rupee..
Mailraa. Kupte.
be
.So!
£
5. d.
I
i;i •21,
•J.'JS
■1 oi
li.'.''.
1 \\)
H.-^,-)
1
<J II
■2 (I
By the latest accounts from India, it was proposed
to cstahlish a new hank at Agra, and savip.L;'s liunks
were ahout to he set on foot under tl\e sanction and
supirintendenee of Government.
l''or a loni; period the How of the precions metals
was towards India ; the current has now, however,
chiinsed, and the cNportations from India to Europe
of gold and silver has hecn yearly augirienting.
Net Import or Export of Treasure into and from
India in each year, from IH13-14 to \>*'M inclusive.
Net
Years.
Import.
Sa. Us.
181.'<-l-l
28,H.'),SS9
IHl J-15
l,07,08,r)H8
lSl,i-lC.
2,2.'),;tH,M4H
18If,-17
4,,'-)H,();»,.')41
1H17-1H
4,2."),;!;f,i8;i 1
1818-iy
(;„'i2,.s.3,92r) j
imO-L'O
4,20,:iM,42:i i
is:i0-2l
2,81,1'), 843
lHJl-22
1,10,49.282
1H22-Ii3
2,02,2;(,913
lH:iH-J4
3."), Hi, 80')
1824-25
1,17,71,9^0
Sa. Rs.
1, .'■)«, 92,1 HO
2,03,1 1,283
1,82,00,970
1,43,00,3H2
l,l.->,44,7.')4
99,32, 9.')0
r,4,9l,or,3
2.'>, 14,088
182.'i-2C.
l82f)-27
1827-28
182H-29I
1829-30;
1830-311
1831-321
1832-331
1 833-34
1834-3.^)
183,')-3C,
183(5-37
Further details on imiiortation and exportation of
the precious metals will he given in the Appendix.
List of the ncrcrul TiTusurii's in India. — Bens^al
[Political.) — General Treasury, Lucknow, Gwalior,
Indore, Nijiaul, Nagpore, Delhi, South liehar, Bliopal,
N. E. Frontier, Hithoor, Amherst, S;c. 1'. \V. Island,
Singapore, Malacca.
Bi'utcdl {lifrrniir) — Burdwan, Backergun'j;e, Becrb-
hoom, Bnllooah, C'hittagong, Dacca, Dinagepore,
Hooghly, Jessore, Jungle Mehals, Mymensing, Moor-
shedabad, Nuddeah, I'urr.eah, Rajeshahyc, Rungpore,
Sylhet, Tipperah, 24 Pergunnahs, Behar, Patna,
Bhangulpore, Ramghur, Sarun, Shahahad, Tirhoot,
Hidgelee, Midnapore, Cuttack, Pooree, Balasore,
Rungpore (N. E. Frontier), Sherepore, Lower Assam.
Upper Assam, Arracan, Sandowee, Ramrco, Benares,
Ghazeepore, Juanpore, Allahabad, Futtchpore, Ba-
reilly, Cawnpore, Etawah, Furruckabad, Goruckpore,
Moradabad (S. I).), Ditto (N. D.), Shajchanpore,
Agra, AUyghur, Saheswar, Bolundshhahur, Saidabad,
Calpee, Delhi, (Centre Division), Ditto (N. Ditto),
Ditto (W. Ditto), Ditto (S. Ditto), Ditto (Rohtack
Ditto), Sebarunpore, Meerut, Kuniaon, Sangor, 11 ut-
tah, Jubbulpore, Nusingpoie, Seoree, Hussingabad,
Baifool, Reply, Rajiiootana, Banda, I'itihheet, Deyrah,
Moo/nlferiniL'^cer, Jaggernauth.
Miiiliiis I I'lilitiriilj. — (irneral Treasury, Masiilipa-
tam Cieneral Tri'asury, Trnvancore, Mysore, Hydra-
bad, Tanjore, Vellore, Paymaster of Stipends.
M'lili'ii {lii'rrniir], — Cinnjam, Vi/iii^.ipatam, Rnjnh-
mundry, Masullpatam, (iiintoor, Nellore, ('hin',depiit,
Arcot (N Di>i-i .M , Ditto (S, Ditto), Bellarv, Cudd-
apah, (,'oiinhat.ire, Salem, Tanjore, Trichinopoly,
Cnnara, Madnia, Tinuivelly, Malabar.
liimihiifi (I'dtitiriih. — General Treasury, Baroila,
Bushire, Bussorah, Mocha, Cutch.
lliiinliini [Iti'miitr). — Soutli.rn Coucan, Northern
Ditto, Suiat, Broach, K. /illah N. of the .Mylui', Ahme-
dabail, Kattywar, Poonah, .\hmednuggcr, Carnatic
C'andeish.
The treasure held in the several tnasuries of the
Company, under the Bengal Presidency, am.)nnt»
generally to 3,000,000/., and undiT the subordinate
Presidincics of Madras and Bombay, the amount
Ihictuates from 2,000,000/. to 3,ooii,i)(Hi/. sterling.
Before the breaking out of the Burmese war, from
10,000,000/. to 12,000,0 to/, stg. was collected by the
Mar(|uis of Hastings, in Bengal, for the |iurpose of
paying olV the delit. The accumulation- of such large
balances in the hands of Government has justly been
objected to, as causing sudden and exce-sive lluctna-
tions in the currency of tlie country. The amount of
remittances froni India to England is very great;
being, first, the sum rerpiisite to pay territorial
charges in England, 3,000,000/. ; second, a demand
for remittance of jirivate savings and family expenses,
estimated at I,.'i00,0(i0/. ; and third, a return for the
outward trade, 3,000,000/. ; total, 7,.')00,000/. The
annual drain on India in remittances to England on
account of Government, is thought by Mr. Mills, of
the Auditor-general's department, to average
3,000,000/. a year for the last 30 years, which at com-
pound interest for that period at the Indian rate of
interest (12 per cent.) amount to 723,997,971/. sterl-
ing. Returns are made through the commerce of
India and China, or of bullion irom both countries.
List of the several E'itahlisliniei\ts of the Fast India
Company in England, and the Salaries atid Allow-
ances payable by the Court of Directors in respect
thereof, on the Ist May, 1837 (3 oc 4 William IV.,
c. H.'), s. llfi). [Parliamentary Return, House of
Commons, 30th June, IH37.]
Secretary's oHice : consisting of a secretary, deputy
secretary, four assistants in the respective branches
of minuting and correspondence, accounts, pay, and
audit; 37 clerks, 1 clerk in charge of proprietor.s'
room, 1 superintendent of extra cleiks, 20 extra
clerks, 4 writers, I assistant elder, and 10 messengers.
In all, 80 ; salaries, &c, 3(>,817/.
Fxaminer's office : consisting of an examiner of
India correspondence, an assistant examiner, first
assistant, 3 clerks in the correspondence branch, 3
senior clerks, 8 clerks, 1 superindent of extra clerks,
1 registrar of India books and records, 8 extra clerks,
8 writers, and 8 messengers. In all, 43 ; salaries, &c.
17,109/.
OtBce of the secretary in the military department :
consisting of a secretary, an assistant, 7 clerks, 7
extra clerks, 2 writers, and 4 messengers. In all, 22 ;
salaries, &c. 8,3r)2/.
Library and museum : consisting of a librarian
(who is also Oriental examiner at the military seminary
and the Fast India College), a keeper of the nmseum,
and 1 incsieiiger In all, 3; salaries, &c. \,\Ol>l.
li -
'11^
&
pi
lill!
1*1
hi
■j:
ii
Ill
ll!NIlOSTAN.--nNAN(ES.
I •
I
IIB a
1/*'!
Clork of tlip worki and oiiu incssi'ngLT. In all, 'J; ] GroRinphiT, I ; loUry, fcc. 100/.
irjiirict, Sec. DM,')/. Chaplain to I'oplar hospital, 1 ; aulary, kc. 100/.
Storckt'ipi'i's (li'pnrtinciit : con^istltiK of an lii' j Door-korpcrH and courtroom nirssi'iigcrs, C>\ ir.
s|H'(t()rof storpi, I rlcrk, 1 sub-inspector, :? c'Xi\miii(r» i larii-s, &c. l.U.'i/.
of rl.itli, l journi'viimn clotli-dnrAiMs, Ti txaniiiu'iv* j Door-porters, incsnenRiT*, and flrc-lightrrn, a.'i
and L' ns'*i»tiiiit fxnniincr* of ntilitiuy stori's, 1 honk-
ki'i'piT, I ixuinini-r of stiiiioniTy, 1 rxtrii i-lirk nnil ■»
wri'cit, mill '2 messengers. In all, Jd ; sulnrics, fte.
.«.7s:;/.
Tea wiiitlionses : consi^tinj; of nn ahsistiiiit wme-
lioiisi'-ket'per mill ;* clerk", 1 elder, 2 nv.sistaiit elders
nnil 2 (le|iuty assistant I'liKrs, and 'J writers. In all,
IS ; sal.iries, iS.e. 4,i<:\:,/.
Ilriiual warehouse : con«istiii2 wf a warehouse-
keeper, -J clerks, ;i assisfant elders, and 1 writer. In
all, 7 ; salaries, Ke. H,i)'M)l.
Private trade department : consisting of n warc-
hl)n^e■ keeper, 2 clerks, Peltiers, 1 assistant elder, I
<li piity assistant i Ider, and (i writers. In nil, 1,'t;
salaries, SiC ;i,H7o/.
Pepper and saltpetre warehouses ; consistinc; of 1
chief elerk, 1 clerk, and a deputy assistant elder and
2 writers. In nil, ') ; salaries, &e. \JixOt.
Standing counsel, 1 ; salnry, &c. 500/.
Solicitor, 1 ; salary, kf. .'lOO/,
i:\aiiiinini; physician, 1 ; salary, &c. 470/.
Kxaminer of veterinary instruments, 1 ; salary, Sec. j salaries, &c. H.)'J,'J'2ol.
10(1/. I
.\ Statement of tlin Charges defrayed in I".n.;lnnd on ncenmit of the Indian Territory, in tiic Years N.'12-^fi.
[Commons Parliamentary Paper, l'.» Deceinher ls;i7.J
salaries, fte. I'.MHO/.
Fireman, 1 j salary, «cc, i;»o/.
Waterman, 1 ; salary, iVc. 70/.
Housekeeper and assistant, 2; salaries, %c. Iho/.
(hairwomi'ii, H ; salaries, iSce. 2'Jl/.
Crier at sales, 1 ; salnry, Stc. indudiiiK allowanep to
aetin;; nuetioneer, 220/.
Ilast India Colleije : consistiii;; of 10 professors and
ll.'l puldic servants. In all, l.'t ; salaries, (i,K| /.
Military seniinnry : eonsi^tinK of a pulilic examiniT
and inspector, a lieutenant-iiovermir, 20 proiessui-,
assistant professors, masters and stalf otlieers, and .'i,')
non-commissioned stalf and public servants. In n||
■)7 ; salaries, tic. H, ',).'(.")/.
.Military depot at Cliatlmm : CDiisistinj; of ,'> nffieers
and 21 nnii-eonimissioiied stalf. In all, 'JH ; salaries
&c. ;i,<;2(l/.
Hecruitinc; districts: consisting; of •! olTierrs and
I.'') non-commissioned .stalf. In all, 19; salaries, J^c
2,;w;(;/.
Total number of persons employed, II I. Total
iH;i2-;t.T.
1833-34.
1834-35.
Ift3,'.-3C
£.
£.
£.
£.
Dividends to Proprietors of Kast India Stock, chargea-
, .
«')3G82(;
C26()|)«
ble upon the Revenues of India, Act 3 & 4 Will. IV.,
e. 8;-).
Interest on the Home Bond Debt, ditto - ditto
..
928.58
83550
Invoice Value of Stores consigned to India
1 :!,-)(; 14
177044
234311
I83M(II
Transport of Troops and Stores, deducting Freight charged
6-MM
59291
40944
I9N42
in Invoices.
Furliuish and llctired Pay to Military and Marine Olli-
473132
481004
521310
475577
cers, includinij: oir-rcekonin.i;s.
Payments on aceotint of Kimi's Troops serving in India
120000
120000
120000
1 20000
Retiring Pay to Kin'^'s Trollp^, Act I Geo. IV., c. 71.
Coooo
fioooo
Oouoo
OiiliflO
Chniges (ieneral, deducting Charges of I'.stablishmcnts
332752
324883
395890
401850
put upon Outward Invoices, and Interest realized on
Investment of Ca^h lialances subseiiuently to 30th
April is;<4.
Absentee Allowances to Civil Servants of the India Esta-
3ir)8,i
3f)039
38033
39702
blishments.
Expense of Taiijorc Comiriissioii
7948
7878
7927
7'.i22
Payment to the Representative of J Hodges, Fsq., on
• •
235H2
, ,
account of his Claim on the Zemindar of Noozecd, in
obedience to the Act 2 k ,3 Will. IV., c. 112.
Chnrses on account of Prince of Wales' Island
32 47
385f)
..
Mission to the Court of Persia:
:
His Majesty's Mission
, .
ROOD
onoo
Company's Mission
. .
500
17734
His Majesty's Kstablishmcnt in Chinu (portion paid by
, ,
7033
7033
Company).
Total, - £.
1227536 1
i
I293C37
2102808
2109814
A brief view of the Indian debt will next be requi- ' annual deficit of the sum requisite to meet political
site. In the early period of British connexion with charges. The Indian Government was, thenlore,
India, the territorial revenues of the country pro- obliged to have recourse to borrow a sufficiency to
bably aided commerce, in the latter period commerce meet the deficit which the commercial profits of the
undoubtedly aided territory, and for 15 years the i tea trade failed to supply ; and the territorial debt of
Presidencies of Madras and Bombay have had an '■ India was at four diflferent periods, thus —
YfKm.
Oelif nt
i:w
•* ,"!•.
ISIIjl
-T"^
IHII
■Jivi;
IHjg
;iii:i;
INIIII
;iVii
IH.I5
:i.i!lH
* I'rliulpally em
t Xiit lienrlntr I
|iiirt (It iirrcHrs <i(
ertleeritl <if piiy iliu
two iiintilli^ ill nrrc
Date of I
Six per cent.
Five do. 31st i\
Five ditto of iH
Five ditto of \H
Four ditto of l>
Four ilitto ol |,>
Four ditto 1st ^
Total
Of the first or
(iriMcipal.when n
iiind at the rate o
lieing intermedin
cavsli in India, or,
i-inil (lemandeil it i
J>'. 1'/, 'riiisheni I
loans, huth prineij
III Inilin; but to th
iit'lH.'3),an option
(wliieh is payable
■Js, \il. (subse(iuen
iiltasure of the lioi
Pri'si('cnry.
llciiKial ..
Miiilr.is . .
Iliiail)ay. .
Deduct Sinking F
Interest .
I'residencv.
Hpnitnl ..
Madras . .
Bombay . .
lutircst.
mNDOiTAN.— riNANCKS.
.145
Yc»r«.
nebt At Ititrrtit*
FInitMtiit nittn.t
ToUI.
inii
Jt ;i!<WKI4
*JU1J7H(1 1* pi iVX»
IKOI)
a,"MH((HMi
;l7'j'jHI(t
:tiiNi'iiti
IMIt
•j<)ii;ii;hi)
illllH"!!
Ilil'.IM.XlJO
iN-jg
!i!)!irrHHrt
r-TM!!!
ir.'r.:iri
1 s.ia
M.'iMIIKIIKI
(l.lillMIIM)
lll'OIMIIKI
IX.Id
II.IIIH Iti^ 1
Arciiiiiitii not iimilv up.
• I'llmlniilly roiniiMMMl of the limiin niiil tri-aiiiry iiotr*.
t Mill lunrlntf liitcrrst, niiil rmi-lnUnif lor tlu' i^rcatrr
)inrt 111 iirrcnrK of milniirt unit nlliiwiiiirf« due to civil
c'llU'criii of |iiiy line tn llii' inilltHry wlio In IlinKUl iirr kr|it
two iniiiitlH III iirri'iir iilwnyii , iiiid of ili'iiimltK,
Of the whole intrri'st of the Indian iUl)t. 9i'7.()i»n/.,
isi siihjii't to till' (iptinii ipf hiiviin; thr iiiti'ii'sf |inynl)le
in l''.iit;lnnil, iiiiil in l-:iil the hiiui of l.'m.diMi/. wnn
nctiinlly ilrtimiuli'il ■. fiir iimtii|;i' rntr ol' intiirnt w«»
six pi'r riiit. ill Ml |, imil iIm- pir ci'iit. in 1hi.>m,
Ot' tills Indiiin ilrlit, timt nl' Hi ii'.mI it tlir |ii'iiiri|inl,
till' iKrd or ii'nisltTnl drlit iif vvlmli, vvitli tlir nlativc
|iMi|iiirtiiin lull! Iiy Kui'opciuiH uiiil niitivcH wui, in
iMaii niiil ill in;):i —
Date of Loan.
Sicra Kiippps.
Ilt'lil liy I'.uiiipranH.
1H30.
Six pt'i- cent, loan IH22 . . j 7,ii^,-i:i,,'">()(i
I'iviMJi). ;U.st March, \t<2'A 7,oy,H7,KOii
|-ivf ditto of iHjj-i; .... I :,,:ji\7-i,H(i(i
Kivf ditto of IH.'K-HO I IK, Til, 700
I'.iiir ditto of iHiiJ-.-, 1 3,l:i,OI)(i
I'our iiiiti) of iH^H-'j . . . . ; r.,t;;t,c.oii
lour ditto 1st May, \KV1 \
lH;t;).
Slcrn llupcf*.
Uv Nutivrs.
IMO.
ih:<:i.
Total 19,74,34,100
7,OI,OI,.''>00 .J;!,(iK,7ll0
4,7.'<,.'"iJ,loo i>,ot;,3y,To()
(■.,L't;,7',),><(|0^ (.OHJil,.')!)!)
7l,9»'i,0(i(i
3,'.'J,lliO
l',n7,4(IO
i,'>y,t'ii,7iMi
•JO,J7,9'),r,()()
7,(ii,;too
fi.Sl'i.liOO
5,81,100
6,77,.'i9,:.00
4i',ll,200
1,42,07, '.100
97, "(3, 000
M,iJ!),.'iOO
2,14,200
1,20,4H,300
Total.
Sicca Rupees.
IH30.
1833.
7,17.12,200
9,li"i,27,.MlO
9,11,.'. l,:ioo
2f., .'■>;(, 000
8,9'.l,200
12,47,700
7,17,:iM,70O
(',,2o,fi2,oon
K,H('.,;i,''i,|(Mt
l,t')9,t'.9,000
I2,21,(i0i)
:'>,;u,('.oo
2,H0, 1 0,00(1
(■.,73,72,400| 20,02,93,900 27,21,()H,000
Of the first or six pi'r cent. I'cniittnhle loan, tlic
)irim'ipid,''^li*'" rrp;d(l, was ik'iimndalilf in bills oiiKni;.
liind nt the rate of 2,«. M. tlu> Sicca rupee, the interest
lieini; intennediately payable half-yearly, either in
ciisli in India, or, if the proprietors resiiUil in I'Jirope,
imd (jiiiiniidi'd it in that form, hy hills at the rate of
J,«. |i/. 'I'liis liinn has hern recently paid oil'. 'I'lieiitlur
loniis, both principal and interest, are deiiiaiulable only
in India; hut to the holders of the secind ^live percent,
of IH23), an option was f;iven of receiving' their interest
(wliieh is payable half-yearly) in bills at the rate of
•>s. Ii/, (siibsetpienfly reduced to l.v. 1 1 /.), during the
pliasure of the lioine authorities. The third and fourth
loans have the interest thereon paid (pinrterly to nil
holders wheresoever resident, either in cash or in hills,
at the rate of 2.v., duriiii; the pleasure of the lioiiie
' nnthorities. The live per cent, loan of \h-i'.\ is repayidile
' only hy unnual instalments of one and a half crore of
rupees; the notes lirst entered in the rif^'ister ImviliK
the advantage of heiiif; least liable to (lischaru;e. The
whole debt is now fully reeo^inisid by tlie Legislature,
and the reinittable loan paper bears a preiniuin in the
I Indian niiirket of from 3o to 10 percent., and consists
solely of the debt of |.sJ2, viz. 7, 17, 3H, 700 rupees.
'I'he fiilhnvin,; is a di tailed cmiipaiative sateiiielit of
the Indian debt in IMi9 and in 1S27 : —
Debt, in Sicca Riiiiccs, on tlie ;)iitli of Ai ril, isiic).
Presidency.
llcnKiil ..
Madr.is . .
liiiialiay. .
Deduct Sinking I'inul
Interest .
I
111 i)cr I'ent.l (| per Cent i H per Cent.
i
i Ki.lll.SD.OJn
H.1,Hl,.1lin
2i),KH,-JS.'i
7,!ir.l>:lli
l,2:i,ti!),njl
l,2;l,6i),H'21
(i per Cent.
lotal of Dilit Pelit in.f
III li.trro-,t. a! Interest.
Total of
Debt.
2:i,'J.1,Iti!)
l!t,2»,fl()5 lH,iil,87,.'.!ia j a,;)n,:n,12»
r),ii,so,7i)il .'.(I, i(i,s;i4 ' .'),u:i,i5,«K,'. .')i, 17,121
2.'.i7.r."i.iiy''> i,iii),:ui :i,;i(i,iii,2i'.' aO,.', . u j
23,2.1,169 I 2.'i,(ii,l.-..i;io' 7<'.37,2l0 27,-'7. I7.7-'" ;i,lH,i)!»,08i
I 2,!i(i,i7,.')iiol .. ' 2,<)i,i7,.'iim :
2;i,a.1,l8!) I 22,0!),<)7,UOO 7ti,;t7,240 i 24,;i;i,3U,220 1 3,18,011,081
2,()i),26j I l,70,7Q,8;i!) 4,58,234 I Total..! 1,114,84,320
20,32,01, 71fi
(i, Hi.li;i,iMi()
3,lili,22,ll7()
30, l.'i,.'iti,Hll
2,04,17,51)0
2-,51,3D,301
Debt, In Sicca Rupees, on the 3iith of April, I827.
I per Cent.
Presidency.
10 per Cent.
20,607
8 per Cent.
6 per Cent, 5 per Cent.
'
<),3I,!12.1S2 lli,S!),(i 1,720
2„'-|-,23,K10 11,12,1)32
23,76,028
12,16,92,320 17,09,77,652
73,01, 538j 85,03,882
l)oiip:al ..
Madras
Bombay
l,.s'l',724
18,ti<),278
20,21,002
1,61,680
luttrosl
20,fi07
2,u6o
23, .'7, 4(10'
I.'.ir.s;!"
ll,(ill,l.')0
37,15,748
1,48,630 1
2 and 34 Pice
per Diem.
10,700
10,700
5U0
Total.
26,4H,4.-i,iin!)
2,72,ht),;;()4
54,05,756
29,75,38,029
1,61,18,290
\M
\ . ^«
1IUI
r.'f
.,.V--ti1
Y Y
5 ', a 's'.'- ,-'*■
;i4f.
HINnOSTAN.— FINANCES.
Presidency.
nelit at IntcrcHt,
HOtli April, 1h:i7.
2fi,48,45,!)l)9
2,7'i,Hfi,a(il
54,(ir.„'-.7')
Dclit not licnriiip Interest,
:i(itli April.
Total
Bearing and not Bearing.
Hcn);al .. .. ,,
Madras
Bombay
8,a8,()(),((94
h:i,kI),464
4H,7;l,21)8
10,01,28,57(1
35,17.12.903
3,,1(i,72,H28
1,02,7!),054
2i),75,38,02i)
39,76,64,785
Reven
The ik'bts of India in 1833 were as follows. Debts
heniinv; inlrir.il : r.eii,i:nl, nljout .3l',000,0(H)/. ; Ma-
dras, 3,0(10,(100/. ; Homhay, (;30,000/. A'o/ li('iirin<^
interest: Heniial, «, 000,000/. ; Madras, 700,000/.;
Bombay, 300,000/. The live per cent, loan is the
principal debt : it amounts in Hernial to 18,000,000/. ;
and in Madras to •i.i^Ol^OOO/. ; in iSonibiiy, none. The
Treasury notes issued by the Hential (lovernmeiit
amount to 700,0C0/.
The /wine liotnl dt'lit of the E. I. Company, amount-
ing to 3,-J(;!),000/ , is composed of securities issued by
the Company under their common seal. Parliament
having authorised their borrowing money to a cer-
tain extent, and limitin-^ its subsequent reduction to
3,000,000/. The rate of interest paid in 1831 on this
debt was two aiid a half jier cent.
An Account of tlie Public llebts, bcnriiipr Interest, outsfnnd-
hiR at tlip st'vcra' I'residiiicie!- in tlie Ka.st liulio, on tlic
3(ltli April. \K\:<; also of tlie Kates and Annual Aniinint
of Interest paynlilc Hicrei)n. (Commons Parliamentary
Paper, Ultli Dcicndicr, 1837, No. .ll.)
The annual deficit from 1814-15 is thus shewn ; —
BENGAL :
Debts.
rEOiSTBi<KnDKBT:| .Sicca lis
Loans ' 7,9i.:t8.!ii
Ditto
Ditto
Rates of
Interest.
Aiuuial
Aminintof
Interest.
per cent.
!-l,(i!».:i;(,;4li .1 per cent.
8,{i(i,74,417J4 per cent.
31,21,47,070
Loan transferred
fnmi V. Marliiro'
Trcasnry jVotes ..
Civil and Medical
Funds I a9,(i8,.'i.'iO
MisccU. Deposits . . ! l,7.'i,3,')H
Sicca Rupees 3j,G4,!)0,(i83
I8,,'")0.''j!in per cent. ..
51,80,()00'varions rates ..
fi and 4 per cent
4 per cent.
Sicca Rupees
AGRA:
Misccll. Deposits,
Fur. Us. 2,00,0110 ;
or bicca Kupees
MADRAS :
Loans, ikii
Civil and Military
Funds
Miscell. Deposits ..
Rupees. . . ,
l,0i,:f7.'''
() per ceiic.
Rupees.
ll,()8,!iyji8 and (i per cent.
()0,30,542|() and .'i percent.
2,IJ,(i4.'i (), 'jlk\ per cent.
Sicca lis.
47,48,334
73,l(i.(is7
3l,f.',il7(i
1 „'i.'),37,!)il7
1.8.iO
2,i)(),218 ;
I
.^,36,680 '
7,01 ! ,
Ind
a.
Home
Charges.
Surplus.
s
Delicit.
Surplus.
Deficit.
.f.
jt:.
.i'.
j£'.
■t.
ISII-l.-i
13l2-.'73
13!n8li.-i
4;).VIi!
Irtl.'.-Wi
27()8!)3
14(12472
11 2.1 1711
ISI()-17
ilS.'il.ll
13903.1!)
431911S
I8I7-I8
487489
1 3470.12
, ,
sio.Ki:!
IKI8-II)
42766
144(iOlll
1488;(i;
18li)--JII
.,
80833
1.1418,17
1625(190
lS-JO-21
I(i 18798
1414210
234.188
18-21-22
2o.i7orii
1.10777;'
549278
1822-23
30879(10
1(1281.13
14,19807
1823-2 J
42(i387
1287,160
H61173
1824-2.^)
141.1487
16.11077
309li1(M
182.-|"2(i
3039()2.')
I8I7232
is.iiis,-,-
182t)-27
71303
2129894
23ls:()i
1S27-28
1190.''.7'i
201)9141
. ,
32M17lli
lK28-2i)
1022130
, ,
1911710.1
91.1270
182i»-30
I 1 3823H
7748710
6111,1112
1830-31
179!l(i33
1473.165
326068
1831-32
13(i322()
. .
I.I7O8II7
207,1S1
1832-33
10.">H7.'>7
1323089
264332
1833-34
I434(i;o
138,1278
49398
1834-3.1
1()809I2
2174425
49:1 W3
183,1-3()
2.'i33448
213,1149
398299
183ti-37
1H37-3H
1 Accounts not made up.
1,63,39,7.19
r4,i2,i79
Sicca Rupees (i9..''9,792
Rupees
Sicca Rupees
BOMBAY: I
Provident and Mi- j
litary FuMils ..1 29,09,827 5 per cent.
Civil Annuity Fund, I
kc j 26,67,90.116 per cent.
Miscell. Deposits .. | 111,30, 9»2J4 per ceiil.
66,08,634
Rupees.
Sicca Rupees 62,05,291
Grand Total. . S.H. 33,98,46,541
£. 33,984,654
Rupees
Sicca Rupees
Sicca Rupees
Rupees.
73,220
3,33,4«6
10,351
4,17,057
By the new ]'',. I. Charter the Company's traiie is
p/laeed in al)eyanee. and their whole assets, am.;iiiit-
ing to upwards of '_' 1,000, 000/. sterling, appropriiitcil
to the India territory, exeei)ting :.',000,000/. to W. in-
vested as a sinking fund for tiic redemption of tlir
capital stock of the E. I. C. proprietors (Ci, 000,00(1/.)
on the termination of 40 years, at the rate of .")/. 'm.
for every 100/. stock; the remainder of the assets,
as .soon as realised, is to be apiiropriatcd, after pay-
ment of pensions and other charges arising out of tlic
new arrangement, towards the liijiiidation of tlie six
per cent, remittable loan, which amounts to alwut
!),000,()0t)/. sterling.
The additional charges on the revenue of India by
the new E. I. Cliarter (3 and 4 William IV. c. 85.) are
tlius stated in a Parliamentary return. No. 72, ordered
to be printed 23d March, 183,).
Salaries of the Governor-General and Couiiiil,
formerly S. rupees 537,000 now (by the late .\i't)
S. 11. ('.24,000 ; increase R. 87,000 ; new Government
at Agra, the chief there of S. R. 120,000; oilier ex-
penses, 300,000 ; total, R. 420,000. Increr..se of
salaries of the other (lovcrnors and nienihers of
('ouneil, on a scale which will cause a net iiiereasc, of
R. 12,000. Total of Government increase, S. U.
r)i;t,00(). Increased expense of Ecclesiastical est;il)-
lishment, R. 10,000; ditto on account of law com-
missioners, established at R. 800,000; grand total oi'
estimated new and increased charges, S. R. 82'J,'J00.
1,706,847
Vcars.
Reven
.*.
1814
11237
1815
114M
I8I6. . ,
11967
I8I7....
11769
1818....
12399
1819-. ..
12221-.
1820
135181
1821
133li|-.
1.^22....
I4l(i9(
1S23. ...
129511:
1 824
134817
1825....
13121-.
I82fi....
147672
1827....
119117
1S28. ...
101254
I829. . . .
98182
ls:io
9883S
1831....
94740
Is32. ...
94877
1833
88412
ls3l. ...
93.152
183,1
10057.1
1836....
1837....
} Accoui
* lu the above s
others under treati
iDvoiiuc, ineludiiif!
excluded in order I
In the tabular st
Indian money into
These aKerationi
Ciisnio Melvill, tli(
tioneil by the Cour
t Deficit of 852,2
As considerable
what is called tli
warship in India.
from oHicial sourei
|)iil)lished at Calcul
By Reg. XII. of
continue the estabi
the temple of Jugj.
exclusion of Euro]
management of the
superintendence of
IfiOO, vested in tl
(luring Lord Minti
was, after a review
preceding Govern m
and as the priests
inability to procure
the rullisi, Governin
ticc of the soubadai
time to furnish that
up to the abolition
l!<3(), when a sum
he paid in lieu. '
Governuients for tl
ahout Rs. 21,000 pe
of Ks. 3C),0()0, has
sources. For the fii
oftheCiittack disfr
at I'ooree. Since
temple have been di
resorting to that shr
riosity to compare tl
IIINDOSTAN.— riNANCKS.
ReveiniL's nnd liuliiin Charges* (independent of the home expenses) of eacli Piesidency.
317
.f.
't:u!iiis
liKHrii;
s6li;:i
;i(i(Mi-i(ii
■is.-idt.:,;
a:i.')S,-,!ll
•Jii7:isi
•.>(i.l3:l-J
■)!l:nrt:t
India liy
. S').) are
2, orilci\'(i
Years.
11 1, N (i A L.
M A 1) It
A s.
ISO M n A
V.
Rfvenue.
Clinrge.
Suriiliis.
Revenue.
Charge.
Siiriihis.
Deficit.
Kcvenne.
Clmrge.
Deficit.
.e.
.£..
«.
.€.
4.'.
.€.
£.
.*'.
.«'.
.€.
Il'.':i7l!l8
887().'iKl
2:i(i0!)i7
.13^2164
.^180112
1327.12
—
8.170H()
1717144
BliOOlU
llll.'-i7!»!l
!)iH7ti:i«
I!l'i8l(il
.IKK) 1117
.'>2() 1-1(14
—
I.'>.'i2()7
87204(5
l(|8(illl
1114:198
ll!lfi7-2.''-!)
!i7il<i!)7-*
•il7(l.>8.'>
.liiliiriiii
."ilri.'..'!;)
217fi()7
—
8!).'.3!I2
IlMlillH
10.'i0.12f!
117()!»'>.'>'i
KI'JSIKL'H
It877:)i)
.'):i8i:tU7
.'■i,^i;t,-i8l()
—
i.-iLini)
l:ii)2820
l!).-.(i:i27
.'>(i:i707
vsmtyi
l(i()77()l.'i
1 7J-.'4(i(l
r,M)\V.t2
(iliu(il2()
—
fit4!ns
1720.->:l7
2.'i!l7;7(i
87;2;i9
1 '.'-'•.' l-.'-iO
l(iH'j(i7:i4
l;i!l7isti
.'ii(i7iiii.'i
.'■.82.'i41 1
—
4I8II|(|
21()l:)7(i
;i2(ii78,-i
ioi:his
i:i:.iH!)(i8
l(i(iSMi;i!l
•28:)()r)-.'y
.')4ii:i,')(it)
.'i7ll()l()(>
—
29t)!)()ll
24:)8!)("mI
:)2i)i)i7o
8(iO210
l;):lf)l.i(il
l(i:i.l()li)!)
:l(l(MH5'J
.'i.'i,'>7U2h
.'■i.l(M)87(i
.■ifilOi
—
288:1042
:i(iii7:i:i2
78 121)0
IlKiill)!)!
I(i:tl7l9(')
:t8.V21!).'i
.'■i.')S.->2ll!l
.■i22!)2ll2
■M6i)U7
—
;.;i72447
427.'i(ll2
2(r.'.-i()7
pjariiKiim
l(i!)l'J7I()
•.'i):ir;.!»8
.■i(!l87(il
(i:l!)88.^()
—
<(nii(i!i2
278!).'..'.0
:l2(il."iiii.l
4.VI9.-.9
i:iiHi7i(i
l'i(i-'(ll7i)
ri(i4.-|(j|
.■■.IfK^-IJ
.'i7Hii:l;i,)
—
:)iH.'-i()l
178:i2l(i
;i;)ii.liH2
l.l-.!o;(i.'i
lai'Ji'jHj
i:i7!):ll!l!l
t
.'.71 l!»l''
(iii.^(i!ifi7
—
:I420.')2
22li2:l<):i
40:l2!lh8
)770.iys
li7()7i!:w
l:iw:,\:,2
I;lfi208(i
.^981(i81
.'i(i.M:)22
■.H7M'.)
—
2(il8.")l!)
401IO.'i.'i2
l:i82iio:l
I4!iil7i:<
i:usiis7!)
I4:i78;i»
.■i:tl7s:l8
ti 1 H.s 1 -.'7
—
810281J
2.-i7!)i)'>'i
411l'-'.'ni(l
1 ls2:i!)l
lOi'j.'itK;
77I7h:u
y:i77.'.8-j
:!.'•.!) 1272
:i(i7l 111
—
7!)8;ii)
1:10(1:111
2l.'l71.'i
11 n 104
98:iHL'7.i
7(ii:iii!i7
•J212.'>78
;)l.'-i,'.(l(i8
:il!iyj8;i
—
442 l:i
l:illioi4
2:ilKii"ii
l(i::-'iilO
i)HS:imn
7.iii)i).iu
2:il;i'Jr2
;ui.'i7.^.i)
:i;lKs(>2H
27i;ii
—
1:101:100
221H(i.l7
y 14:1:17
y474(IHl
7ii:i.-.!l7l
18.18110
;i:i22l.')5
:).':i9-.;tii
sjsgi
—
1 1(1 1 917
2(II)I14|)!»
(i.i8.-.8a
9is77rH
7(iM7-.>-'<,»
I8II0.VI!)
2!l(i!)!).>6
;ii 74:147
—
204:l()l
l4!)7:ioy
20:11710
.'■,:i7ioi
8Hlf-'41
7(118110
ls-.'.'-,7i):i
irjM.Tj:!:!
:i2.'>8.)!i,'i
—
2;t7(i2
l(iU0()81
1U08(14.1
3()7.l.i4
!):l."ir>L'Hi)
7:i-2-.>:iii:t
2»:l2!)M(i
:^.l(i,^!)l8
:ioi7ii;0
:i.';i272
—
1.10:1782
1908O!)2
4«4:il0
lU(i"i7.i();i
708:.(I7!)
•.'i)7-228;l
;i,'iili)(i.')2
28;i().')4y
7.i!i.'io:t
—
180.'i9J()
iy33.-.68
1471)22
} Accoiiuts I
ot iiiiutc up t
or a later \,
eriuil tluin
i8n.'.-y().
1811...
181.1. . .
ISlfi..
I8I7...
1818.. .
1819- ■■
1K20. . .
1821...
1822.. .
I82:). . .
1824...
182.1.. .
182(1.. .
1827.. .
Irt28.. .
1829. . . .
is:io
l8:il....
l^:l2. ...
I8:i:i....
183 J
18:is —
iH;ifi....
I8.17
* In the above statement, from the year 1828, the nllowance.s and asslirnments payable to Native Princes, and
others under treaties, amountins; to upwards ol a million aiirt a Imlf per annum ; and the cliartjes of collcctiiiff tho
revenue, including; the cost ol the opium and salt, amount iuf? to upwards of two millions and a half inore, have beea
excluded in order to arrive at the real produce ol the rcvemu-.
Ill the tabular statement, down to the year 1827, the rpk-is revenues are shewn; and the rate of convening the
Inilian money into sterliiiji: is id per cent, hijjhcr than the rate at [iresent used.
These alterations in the system of drawin;; up the accounts ot the Indian finances, were sii«:ii:ested by Mr. James
Ciiiinio Melvill, the Company's l-inaneial .Secretary, in the hile arraiiLrenients under the New Charter .Vet, and sanc-
tioned by the Court of Directors and the Comini.s,sioni'rs for Indian Alfairs.
t Deficit of 8,12, 2 17/.
As considerable interest is felt in tliis country for
wliat is called the " I'ii;j;rim Tax" on idiilntrous
worship in India. The followin;^ statement, derived
from otVieial sources, is given in the (li/diuMncshiini,
|ml)lished at Calcutta.
By Reg. XII. of IS,'?,'), Government bound itself to
coiitiiuie the estahlislied donatidii for the support of
the temple of Juggurnauth, and with a view to the
exclusion of European interference, and the better
maiingcment of the internal ailaiis of the temple, the
superintendence of that edifice is, by Heg. IV. of
1S09, vested in the Rnjah of Khoordah. In ISOH.
(luring Lord Minto's administration, this donation
was, after a review of the expenses incurred by the
proceiling GovernnuMit, fixed at about Sa. Us. .^."),0()0.
aiul as the priests of the temple re|)iesented their
inability to procure the woollen cloths necessary for
\\\Q nitlis, (jovernnient, in conformity with the prac-
tice of the soubadar of Orissa, engaged at the same
time to furnish that also, which was accordingly done,
up to the abolition of the Company's warehouses in
183(1, when a sum of about lis. 1,0(10, was agreed to
lie jiaid in lieu. The lands granted by preceding
Governments for the support of the temple, yield
about Us. 21,000 per annum ; the balance, therefore,
of Rs. ;i('),000, has to be made good from other [
sources. For tlie first two years after our acepiisition I
of the Cuttack district, no tax on jiilgrims was levied \
at I'ooree. Since that period, the exjienses of the |
temple have been defrayed by a tax on the jiilgrims j
resorting to that shrine ; and as it is a matter of cu-
riosity to compare the sums collected by Government
at three celebrated places where a tax on pilgrims is
imiiosed, we here subjoin a statement up to IX'M), of
the gross colk'ctions, expenses, and receipts of the
tax at Juggurnauth, Gyab, and Allahabad.
Collcctii-Ms from 1810-11 to 1h;!0-;U at Juggur-
nauth 2 1 years :
Gross collection .... lis
Annual average .....
Total charges .....
Annual average
Net receipts .....
Collections at Allahabad of Meer Buhr duties, from
1810-12 to 18;:0-31, 24 years :
Gross collections ... Us
Annual average .....
Total charges .....
y\nniial average .....
Xet receipts .....
Annual average .....
Statement of duties on pilgrims at Gyab, from
1803-4 to 1830-31, 24 years.
(Sross collections .... Us. 03,4(1,7(12
Annual average ..... 2, 2'.), (170
T'j;:,! charges" '.»,'.»7,183
Annual average ..... 3.'), (ill
Net receipts 53,41), .'■)73
Annual average ..... 2,19,050
We regret that it is not in our power to continue
the above statement up to the current year.
XII. The commerce of India being u subject of great
importance, the fullest details have been collected from
the India House, Custom House, Board of Trade, &c.
24,37,570
1,1 (■.,074
11,54,440
54, '.137
12,.s7,7'.»0
l(i,4('.,f,57
82,332
1,40,783
7,03()
15,05,8C>9
75,2'J3
i \
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HINDOSTAN.— COMMERCK.
A Statement of the Value in Rupees of Exports from Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, to all parts of the
World, distinguishing Merchandise from Treasure, in the years 18.(3-34.
349
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Tonnage of Bombay :
IrtS.'i-Sri.arrived tons 7.'),83() ; departed tons, 80,151 .
lR3f.-37 ditto l()l,yi.'i; ditto 113,308.
increase ditto 29,0811 ditto 27, l.")?.
The foregoing is independent of about fiO,000 of
small craft engaged along the coast. — Bombay Giselte,
November 10, 1837.
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I-
350 HINDOSTAN.— COMMERCE.
Value of Imports into Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, from Great Britain, Foreign Europe, and North
and South America.
(Madras is not stated in the official returns for 1829-30.)
^
1811-12
1812-i:i
1813-14
1814-15
ISL-i-ir.
1816-17
1817-18
1818-19
1819-20
1820-21
1821-22
1822-23
1823-24
1824-25
182.5-2f)
182f.-27
1827-28
1828-29
1829-30
1830-31
1831-32
1832-33
1833-34
1834-35
1^35-3f)
1836-37
FROM GREAT BRITAIN.
By the East India Company.
Merchandize. Treasure.
Rupees,
57,54,994
56,70, 112
61,64,334
59,52,495
55,13,235
37,91,804
34,53,417
31,47,7.52
24.47,527
45,92,121
49,85,888
33,13,133
33,00,804
25,02,123
4,91,995
6,15,062
3,48,312
1,51,919
245
Rujiees.
76,99,5.54
9,51,130 I
31,47,961
15,25,404
Total.
1,20,666
2,46,414
Rupees.
27,54,994
56,70,112
61,64,334
59,52,495
55,13,235
1,14,91,358
44,04,547
31,47,752
1,15,95,4H8
61,17,525
49,85,888
33,13,133
33,00,804
25,02,123
4,91,995
7,35,728
3,48,312
3,98,330
245
By Individuals.
Merchandize. Treasure
Rupees.
77,53,177
73,70,167
78,99,439
67,06,282
97,48,847
l,25,37,v'95
2,09.00,608
2,21,10,386
1,33.16.856
1,36,27,903
1,96,70,923
2,52,01,932
2,27,54,864
2,32.17,672
1,86,75,982
1,96,44,920
2,94,19,745
3,31,97,100
2,50,89,047
3,30,26,651
2,41,82,313
2,80,93,567
2,50,68,302
2,64.99,119
3,40,54,106
Total.
] Total Mcr-
— ci):indi>cc and
iTroiisurc tVoiii
i Great Britiiin.
Rupees.
24,059
1,69,017
33,850
.5,25,127
12,09,271
22,68,762
66,89,390
1,57,37,614
73,73,701
18,63,779
19,74,099
2,53,087
6,33,407
39,205
2,25,519
21,92^^
81,660
26,843
4,050
10,771
17,42,767
15,900
1,20,642
20,742
Rupees.
77,77,236
75,39,184
79,33.289
72,31,409
1,09,58,118
1 .4K.06,057
2,75,89,998
3,7s,4H,00()
2,06,90,557
1,54,91,682
2,16,45,022
2,54,55,019
2,33,88,271
2,32,56,877
1,89,01,501
1,96,66.848
2,95,01,405
3,32,23,943
2,50,9;'.,097
3,30,37,423
2,59,25,070
2,80,93,567
2,50,84,202
2,66,19,761
3,40,74,848
Rupees.
1,35,32,21(1
1,32,29,296
l,4(i,;i7, (•.:':!
I 1,31,83,9(11
1,64,91,35';
: 2,62,97,115
' 3,19,94.5.(5
4,09,95,7.-,::
3,22.86.(1-15
2,16,09,207
2,66,30,910
2,87,68,152
2,66,89,075
2,57, 5 !),()()()
1,93.93,4;)(;
2,04,02,576
24,38,(1 19
32,61,763
2,5(1,93,097
3,30,37,12:;
2,59,25,315
FROM FOREIGN EUROPE.
FROM N. AND S. AMERICA.
B
• Individuals.
By Individuals.
s
6
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t
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B
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s
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s
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H
Treasure.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupee.s.
Rupees.
Rn|)ces.
Rupees.
Rupees,
Rupees.
Itnpees.
1811-12
6,45,213
48,02,764
54,47,977
1,41,53,384
48,2(),h23
l.Sp.rt 1,2(17
1812-13
9.33,82fi
17,15,488
26,49,314
6,57,661
4,99,913
11,,57„574
1,46,31.766
23,84,418
l,70,l(),l»l
18)3-14
2,41.039
2,62.->
2,43,664
20,551
1,3H.648
1,. 59, 199
1,43,25,363
1,75,123
l,4.-j,(iii,is6
1814-15
4,39,045
7,16„591
11.55,636
6,15,912
ii,7!),«r4
17.9.').8l6
1,37.13,764
24.21 ,,''<I2
l.(il,:i.^,;!,-i()
1815-13
4,11,276
42,03,337
46,14,613
6,22,424
71,38,052
77,60,476
1,62,95,782
1,25,50,660
2,88, Hi, H2
1816-17
6,6,3,148
75,81,508
82,44,656
14,55,973
1,02,00,593
1,I6,.56,506
1,84,48,220
2,77,SO,417
4,0l,!J«,(i37
1817-18
13,17,885
33,76,598
48,94,483
19,07,477
1.03,16,990
1,22,24,467
2,75,79.387
2,15,34,108
4,91,13, l!l.'>
1818-19
11,94,739
57,80,53-
611,75,276
11.09,051
1,61,12,148
1,72,21,199
2,75,61,928
3,76,30,299
0,51,!)2,'.'L'7
18)9-aO
6,27,6;i6
30,31,435
36,,59,071
10,55,819
72,74,775
83,30,594
1,74,47,838
2,68,27,872
4,42,75,710
1820-21
6,19,582
36,33,100
42,,i2,682
12,-57,620
51,75,561
64,33,181
2,00,97,226
1,21,97,844
3,22 9r,,fl70
1821-22
8,34,620
37,30,992
45,65,612
13,44,703
75,29,178
88,73,881
2,68.36.134
1,32,34,269
4,00,711, (ii;l
1822-23
11,34,599
33,98,358
45„32,957
8,45,149
64,05,373
72,50,522
3,04,94,813
1,00,56,W18
4,(i.'i,,'ii,();)i
1823-24
3,80,151
3,80,151
12.91,804
48,45,059
61,36,863
2,77.27,023
54,78,466
3,3-.',ll(i,(IS!)
1824-2.'>
16,30,107
4,.54,877
20,84,984
14,20,696
50,21,089
64,41,685
2,87,70,498
65,15,171
3 42,S,5,()li!)
182.5-28
12.71,888
6,05,254
17,77.142
8,77,653
47,70,857
66,48,610
2.13.17.518
65,01,630
2,68,19,118
182(5-27
17.70,660
6,48,172
24,18,832
5,23,211
23,82,763
29,05,974
2,25,53,853
31,73,529
2,57,27,3M
1827-28
24,38,649
10,,56,044
31,94,653
8,73,301
28,77,765
37,51,066
3.30.80,007
40,16,429
3, 70,9.5, -1.1(1
1828-29
32,91,763
4.94,816
37,56.579
7,69,66s
1/, 85,689
25,45,357
3,73,70,447
25,53,702
3,y!l,'-'l,'j(i!)
1829-30
19,76,409
38,164
20,14,573
12,83,563
12,40,858
26,24,411
2,83,49,009
2,83,072
2,h6,;cj.(ihi
1830-31
14,64,943
8.800
14,73,743
18,43,358
9,40,649
27,84,007
3.53,35,072
9,60,221
3,72,!15 2i):l
1831-.S2
0,96,255
6,625
7,01,880
10,94,454
9,49,477
10,43,931
3,03,77,862
9, .56, 152
3,13,31,1114
1832-33
16,16,584
800
16,17,384
6,46,631
4,69,274
11,15.905
5,55,20,399
1,36,51,147
6,!ll,71,.illi
1833-34
l«.7«,297
28,225
17.04,522
4,29,000
3,76.124
8,04,124
6,68,14,639
2,46,87,350
8,1.'),(I1,SH!)
1834-35
13,82,680
2.14,562
15,97.242
6,59,913
6,59.896
11,19,809
5,85,09,982
2,09,41. .523
7,91, 51, .511.^
183.5-36
14,95,976
49,479
15.45.4.55
7,79,849
13,13,847
20,93,696
6,62,60,976
2,39,66,613
8,9-',27,.5«ll
1836-37
Value of Export
1811-12
1812-13
1813-14
1H14-15
1. si 5- 16
1816-17
1817-18
1818-19;
I8I9-20I
1820-21;
1821-22;
1822-231
1823-24 I
1824-251
1825-26'
1826-27
1827-28
1828-29
1829-30
ls:i0-31
ls;U-32
18;i2-33,
!8;i:i-34
1S34-35
i8:)5-3r,l
i8:ifi-37|
Bv
1811-12
1S12-13
1813-14
lSU-15
l.'.lS-Ki
1810-17
I8I7-I8
I81a-19
18lg-2(l
1S20-21
182l-2'.>
1822-23
1823-24
1824-25
182.5-26
I85fi-27
1827-28
1828-29
1829-30
1830-31
1831-32
1832-33
1833-34
1834-35
1835-36
1836-37
HINDOSTAN.— COMMERCK.
351
Value of Exports from Bengal, Madras, and Hombay, to Groat Britain, Foreign Europe, and North and
South America.
[Madras is not stated in the official returns for 1829-30.
ISll-
1812-
IKKt-
1814-
l.sl.V
1810-
1817-
1818-
1819-
1820-
1821-
1822-
182;i-
1824-
1825-
1820-
1827-
1828-
182'J-
18:iO-
181(1-
1832-
l8:i:i-
1834-
1 8:i,")-
l8;iO-
By the East India Company.
TO GREAT BRITAIN.
By Individuals.
Merchandize. Treasure.
12
131
14|
\W.
1-i
1m
181
lU;
20:
%.
231
24 1
20
■27
■28
•2y
■30
•31
■32
•33
■34
-ar)
-301
-37
Rupees.
l,0'J,70,r)«3
1,08, 72,!) 14
1,37, 0:>, 140
y 1,20,749
y4,22,4.')5
91,79,8.50
1,29,00,102
1,00,48,103
l,32,r)r>,401
1,30,87,078
1,09,23,090
1,28,08,743
1,02,02,378
l,39,42,r)74
1,30,98,993
l,r).'j,88,ii0f)
l,7r.,37,l.')0
1,41,20,10.')
1,73,87,01.^
1,2.'),7 2,407
1,00,73,704
Rupees.
Total.
1,10,00,000
30,34,000
1,02,04,102
34,58,720
91,39,81.5
Merchandize.
Rupees.
1,09,70,,583
1,08,72,914
1,37,05,140
91,20,749
24,22,455
91,79,850
1,29,00,102
1,00,48,103
1,32,55,401
1,30,87,078
2,19,23,090
1,59,03,403
2,04,00,480
1,39,42,574
1,30,98,993
1,55,88,201
2,09,95,870
1,41,20,105
1,73,87,013
1,92,13,579
Rupees.
1,01,54,084
82,24,122
1,37,09,832
1,04,08,304
2,08,00,099
1,09,85,509
2,29,53,470
2,38,29,020
1,90,50,440
1,35,50,027
1,34,97,207
1,91,40,727
2,01,79,980
2,21,58,013
2,00,39,503
1,59,10,819
2,08,80,224
2,20,94,580
1,49, i:(, 532
1,89,39,538
1,90,58,177
3,40,73,004
2,98,0:-i,407
3,05,98,930
3,97,53,038
Treasure.
Rupees.
9,01,082
4,53,070
18,,54.302
22,054
8,813
2,500
4,100
2,93,222
72,790
17,98,022
10,04,045
80,201
11,13,177
4!»,48,050
33,05,238
28,48,492
50,71,758
09.70,877
110,99,277
40,21,593
5,00,174
4,32,390
Total.
Rupees.
1,11,15,760
87,47,792
1,55,04,1.34
1,04,30,418
2,08,75,512
1,09,85,509
2,29,53,470
2, 3H, 29, 020
1,90,52,940
l,35,.54,733
1,37,90,429
1,95,19,523
2,22,78,002
2,31,02,058
2,07,12,824
1,70,23,990
2,58,28,274
2,54,59,818
1,77,02,024
2,40,11,290
2,00,35,054
4,51,72,341
3,44,33,000
3,11,05,404
4,01,85,134
Total Merchan-
dize and Trea-
sure to Great
Britain.
Rupees.
2,20,92,349
2,50,20,706
2,93,29,274
2,55,57,107
3,02.97,907
2,01,05,359
3,58,59.572
3,38,77,723
3,29,08,341
2,00,42,411
3,57,13,519
3,54,22,920
4,20,84,482
3,71,04,032
4,04,18,817
3,20,12,202
4,08,24,144
3,95,85,983
3,51,49,037
3,52,10,901
4,52,48,017
TO FOREIGN EUROPE.
TO N. A
N« S. A
Indivldu
MRUICA.
By Individuals.
By
xla.
e
2
^■■5
1
S3
p
1
Kupccs,
Ruiiecs.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
1811-12
..
66,06,074
66,06,074
isi2-l;i
42,07,818
42,07,818
17.82,.507
17,82,507
I8ia-u
I(i,:i4,:i42
10,34,312
3,:u.i7i
3,31,1/1
ISU-KI
18,02,847
18,112,847
17.99.104
17,99.1m
l.slS-lt)
:t:),.'-..'),;i7.'i
33,55,375
70,69,362
6,300
70,75,662
1810-1/
G;,(i8,.^0H
67.68,508
93,59,573
29,168
92,88,741
18IM8
47,0tl,633
47,09.633
93,93,827
93,93,827
1818-19
,'.2.()-2,2.'>l
6,630
52,68,881
1,07,08,407
, .
1,07,08,407
i8ig--i(i
35,72,298
35,72,298
69,30,872
69,30,872
1820-21
;i8,5(),H34
"r.-oo
39,34.534
49,44,215
, ,
49,44,215
1821-22
lS,2«.fi28
18,20,628
58,25,131
4y,500
58,74,631
1822-23
4!l,27,6yS
22,800
48,511,496
41,60,505
41,60,505
1823-24
3,45,772
3.45,772
30,61,415
30,61,415
1824-25
19,51, 93*l
19.000
19.70.930
34, .50,585
, ,
34,50,585
182S-26
23,93,fi35
8,800
24.02.435
30,79,940
4,000
30,83,940
1826-27
21,Sfi,321
2,1)25
21,88.946
11.30,909
11,30,909
l«2;-28
32,9(),(5fia
61,210
33,57,873
24.63,842
, ,
24,63,812
1828-29
28,61,825
28,81,825
23..53,717
. ,
23,53,717
1829-30
25,29,43-
25,29,437
20.25,318
11,250
20,36,568
1830-31
32,17,361
3,000
32,20,361
23,18,755
23,18,755
1831-32
19,14,478
. .
19.14,478
36,02,336
. ,
36,02,336
1832-33
38,12,9118
soo
38,13,408
23,35,986
5,500
23,41,486
1833-34
41,22,965
25,100
41,48,065
30,92,609
16,692
30,92.609
1834-35
31,11,025
31,11,025
13,69,741
55,418
16,25,159
1835-36
43,17,610
45,000
43,62,610
43,37,239
43,37,239
1836-37
TOTAL EXPORTS.
Rupees.
2,77,36,741
3,ll,57.:'.6l
2.88,40,485
2,91,37.064
4,07,13,891
4,22,93,440
4,99,63.032
4.98,48,381
4,34,09,011
3,54,39,334
3,20.66,056
4,13,03,671
3,40,89,545
4,15,03,102
4,58,12,131
3,48,16,255
4,41,77,879
4,14,36,287
3,68,.55,g00
3,71,53,121
3,46,39,755
9,56,48,79:1
10,41,37,340
9,67,47,286
12,74,74,081
Rupees.
9,61,682
4,53,670
18,54,302
22,054
15,113
29,168
" 6,630
2,500
81,806
1,13,42,722
31,30,256
1,20,02,124
10,23,045
93,061
11,15,802
84.67,980
33,65,238
28,59,742
SO. 74, 758
1,61,10,692
1,63,72,440
1,30,42,032
51,94,519
92,21,789
Rii
2,86,
3.16,
I 3,06,
' 2,91,
4,07
, 4,23,
I 4,99,
; 4,98,
{ 4.34,
3,55
4.31
4,44
4,60
4.25
4,59
3,59
■3.26,
4.48
3,9
4,23
5,07
11,20,
10,83
10,19,
13,66
pees.
98,42.'»
11,031
94,787
59,118
29,0114
,22,608
113,032
,55,01 1
,11,311
21,160
,08,778
,33.927
,91,669
,26,147
,65,192
,32,057
45,8.59
01,52.5
. 1 5,642
17.879
75,447
,21,233
79.372
41,805
,95,870
f|:
■*> «
352 IllNDOSTAN.— COMMERCK.
Imports into Great Britain from all Places Eastward of the Cape of Good Hope, (except China).*
:^i'*'i;
1
<
Assafoetida. i
Benjamin.
o
D9
Camphire,
unrefined.
Canes, viz.
Rattans,
(not ground.)
o
i
1
4
PQ
.S
u
Cassia Lignea.
a
c
Cloves.
1
o
O
lb.s.
lbs. 1 lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
No.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
1814
2790f,
97020 30070
60561 248754
1216229
31977
, ,
1739K8
276982
262201
7944145
181.'')
71854
40809 52517
243993 278860
4065888
80711
1046
212181
381596
781546
2650,^671
181 f.
70746
13474
139281 442841 231296
4772775
60427
24405
833324
416656
378114 18717420
1817
70391
14139
54470 120732:178656
2866562
9999
2986
443891
391849
280620
1355 7 ()',).'>
1818
100510
20027
91504 276945,218356
1601727
28577
, ,
182411
662680
10344
20454H5
1819
72772
70532
145137 769132 99092
1629240
47454
6073
314762
392244
2799
4107727
1820
26995
71517
152160 966981 il36rt79
1212758
61715
19878
171504
333494
624 ti
5497721
1821
39695
80021
68535 250814 107465
35C688
51968
30651
308952
417302
11094
19010l'1
1822
31574
69929
104234 936871 4406
494950
48501
32114
272868
121627
93192
44767H.-,
1823
8937
78153
114036:833166 128541
2204109
88518
37731
274574
899373
132044
41142,-<|l
1824
23370
111045
40005
557184,471435
1023320
2924
106138
639184
381023
382134
576(11) 12
l82r.
13055
106779
26896
37540;U)5228
338112
11572
37498
481062
5389731
29276
408501s
i82r,
7466
39611
5443
292482] 29006
1475174
11235
63355
528090
155930
266098
551981)1
1827
23803
55386
19677
51197 133116
3158641
353
31106
415703
1267443
226363
5872097
1828
53852
50675
62467' 52837,373428
6891321
9073
22028
.549532
337482
467596
7364:!;r,
1829
59779
25497
19297,153271 :4:)8479
7289611
31948
85944
814259
543933
36061
63;;5257
1830
50065
8722
274281 173642 2736S2
2414562
41036
86758
831296
449656
3198
702."i7;)'.)
1831
20305
892
83679 188241
10697;'
3908423
72800
171720
i 392789
222991
124607
76563k(;
1832
31684
13731
92493 150295
203731
3922355
67281
75173
! 996368
25738
224644
,104078:i7
1833
23455
, ,
185953' 96-159
359654
1457877! 100277
42550 1297708
101222
100579
, 6 19.-, lis
1834
32429
47819
131679 232022
28601
2353466
64849
10396,1939778
216679
135533
j 990752'J
1835
, ,
^ .
, ,
, ,
1789586
444032
116361
6251t;s'j
183f>
• •
..
• •
..
, 69.5464
583236
8532
9831726
Cotton Piece Goods.
01
* ,.;
c <»
u g
2 -5
ctf '-^
' -^ c
u s
■ .9 -^ r,
i!S
j3 -a
i^ E
i^ 5
,a o
3 M
« S.
•1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
18211
1822;
1823'
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830:
1831
1832
1833
1834
18351
1836i
pieces.
967652
994654
978254
767439
858884
629022
411779
275352
100938
266778
274152
351817
358820;
276808;
203848;
290675!
171223'
17367
79090
50219^
7G122'
pieces.
298956
219077
157022
166982
244254
269743
252938
279143
; 127284
131655
4.54728
147580
1286498
'190531
218656
178388
2.52563
166838
227226
194396
129992
293580
368160
o
o
pieces.
20004
25024
30978
20
14025
21821
130289
252724
56472
103953
624442
,257622
385042
81965
274156
776669
573581
8,54671
195807
45718
62352
I
Dye and
Hard Woods.
<u
•a
a
3
o
Xi
W
B
.a
pounds
2s,'-)0318
717)243
6972790
31007570
67456411
58856261
23I25H25|
882711^7
455^225
14839' 17;
164200051
20294262!
21187900;
21364804|
32339382^
249244 loi
12512889'
25813573
35219504
32793072
32924731
41468986
761850171
tons.
234
296
188
447
324
115
42
14
24
20
102
140
298
361
419
1301
111
70
67
66
tons.
910
1116
704
639
717
732
266
22
34
55
88
65
233
93
150
14
65
149
553
1035
cwts.
3
398
182
295
1
166
559
660
384
815
2145
2573
1623
1264
910
1291
1602
2173
1010
1098
2461
2366
1012
Gum.
to
c
O
T3
C
c o
cwt.
74
96|
724,
380i
29'
41L
7
120
573
1496
3203*
2815i
3775;
12130,
il394
I 735
!l561
J1031
867;
45'
499
cwts. ;
2615
8455|
15465!
27342
20551
21933
13270
3139
3527
1807
718
4784
1173
6741
4917
1269
850
2509
10049
10004
4495
13589
lbs.
48725
86017
35174
92231
39308
98667
336745
20,s313
95136
196164
381630
230267
86635
139846
161226
234908
55651
; 190274
155290
211916
218631
191364
1247246
< i-JH
1
01
1
^
rt
nJ
u
TS
<u
C
>~t
<U
.
u
n
■"•
•a
c
a
35 x
cwts.
1078
1268
475
583
1099
3489
2572
4034
3485
5306
6935
6462
12057
5157
1224
3746
1962
2489
2693
4471
7348
7674
8248
lbs. !
278899^
598592!
26908()|
384909'
242387
17808S
■139439!
640864;
872967J
525231;
592197;
535505;
760729
729242
689205
590721!
48,')269,
7.53252;
459379;
2994051
701116!
528490'
547053
lbs.
li()i;7n
575r)i;!)
5K71.'i:i
fi't'i'i:)!',
8391)77
531.^4!)
8-i,"),'ii;<.)
71 Kites
282621
3fi(;321
571(;h4
7l)'<(i87
44:i5H'.)
49981;)
6,si271
725780
649G:ii;
114G128
10"02i;i
t" 70.^44
t9425J7
tll"98'J9
tl37251'.l
Gum,
i
a
CO
lbs.
1,^14
4443!
IH15
32677
1816
420C
1817
254005
1818
562051
1819
40478
1820
342340
1821
588H0
1822
18429
1823
15517
1824
427
1825
13521
1826
90396
1827
8835
1828
• •
1829
, ,
1 830
37595
1831
149144
1832
J 19373
1833 161116
1834 61069
1835
1836
* The years 1835-36 are, so far as comjileted, derived from Mr, Porter's tables, which state the quantitic''
retained for home consumption. The previous years are from the Custom House. — II. M. M.
t Shclliu: only.
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
c
HI NDOSTAN.— COM M ERC i:.
363
Imports into Great Britain from all Places Eastward of the Cape of Good Hope (except
China) — continued.
o
lbs.
794-M.ir)
1X717121)
i3r)ri7(i'.).'i
2(»4.Vls5
41()77i;7
Mli7/i;l
1'.)010-1
447Imh:)
4n4jsi)
r)7('iu'.)i2
408r)04s
.".r) 1 yso4
r)8720'J7
73Ci4:i7r,
r>3:;,)2ri7
702.")7',)',)
7fir>'i3t<ri
104078:i7
Cil '.),") 11 H
'.)l)0Tf)2'J
f)2:iit;s'.»
'.183 17211
■d
c
a
Ills.
110('i70
57.")('.2'.l
flH/loit
f).')32r)(i
K3'J',t"7
.^)31.^4'.l
K45r)(i9
7IK(1(;S
2S2(;21
3r)C.;v2i
,')71Ci84
708(i87
44:ir.8'.)
4'J'.)SI3
f)8l271
7iio780
f)49C;iG
U4G128
10702('il
t770r)44
t'J42527
ltll798'J9
li!tl371^1'.l
quantities
Gum.
B
■a
i
1
'■5
c
i
Mother o' Pearl
Shells (RoughJ.
3
Nutmegs.
5
I-
o
.-3
o
en
ej
i
lbs.
cwts.
Nos.
cwts.
lbs.
lbs.
cwts.
lbs.
oz.
lbs.
lbs.
cwts.
1814
44439
30937
292
6752302
104815
1219
• •
322134
088<.)2
393
IHl.'i
32077
9950
10082
5543222
256359
1394
90256
743503
.54772
1 50
IHlfi
4200
1117
6204
7238114
38825
44
4507
5709 305540
59477
399
1817
2.54005
28
4682
4926105
80952
1123
, ,
5 301656
09553
561
ISIS
562051
4418
1035
5456645
8924
2710
10! 59557
102975
1503
1819
40478
5594
6490
36886y4
21
3631
22393
14933 192593
139859
2193
1820
342340
5146
4968
4922750
5887
4225
140239
10388 89013
3738;j2
8063
1821
58880
93
13376
3935833
13893
3830
143408
10451' 35081
283061
8160
1822
18429
536
153.54
2483475
16831
1292
142080
6616 45508
203401
1728
1823
15517
5282
193944
& 8807
65.53354
4773
2m:{<)
333210
8809 14510
95904
1604
1824
427
8951
<
11729
4584969
28519
4023
292029
5124 811'.»7
290937
4
1825
13521
3822
6379
6056753
53840
1825
204748
341 80033
235941
1.5.34
1826
90396
6329
2375
7673710
106692
2260
269870
1225 338700
247122
913
1827
8835
14799
1111
.5405212
22792
882
279152
1145 09307
1H9040
1409
1828
• •
13472
3322
9683626
42132
820
3204H1
5002 58115
151237
2049
1829
26430
3605
5980242
8833
2135
484607
449 37922
301408
3247
1830
37595
14130
5104
7926857
1 2963
992
405591
3320 45059
441275
0484
1831
149144
11785
3376
7005246
40921
2571
510492
3447 110039
343373
3535
1832
319373
64950
10739
62118;)5
72022
334
721527
8129 223420
257387
1O06O
1833
161116
34109
38774
6337353
11447
2966
708160
8506
40327
310785
8272
1834
61069
55011
42716
3646509
27765
3412
011025
4804
54201
685408
8732
1835
, ,
50507
63564
3912786
10218
3266
..
71324
1107115
I83f,
••
21056
52125
7223006
37840
2465
••
107924
9725.52
i
Oil of Mace and
Nutmegs.
Olibanum.
Pepper of all
sorts.
is
3
Si
ai
Rice not in the
Husk.
Rice in the
Husk.
o
is
c
e
Sago.
Saltpetre. i
c
c
Silk ; j
Raw, Waste, '
and Floss. 1
lbs.
oz.
cwts.
lbs.
lbs.
cwts.
cwts.
cwts.
cwts.
cwts.
lbs.
lbs.
1814
55
12
98
5762649
, ,
1,34059
. ,
843
366
140512
2509
90.5414
1815
252
14
371
12719858
2435
21180
2294
1796
140487
25027
803098
1810
389
2
325
11985014
34832
2104
2314
0490
100005
115690
805574
1817
0010
12
314
4087062
1158
88430
..
1089
4929
158822
25083
507688
1818
8.544
4
640
6134721
24934322932
. ,
057
7727
124011
28045
1011645
1819
1
4
1221
5390643
59890 374192
758
427
10059
137319
27035
970482
1820
, ,
1465
787947
146862
192923
2088
751
9107
196009
08007
1200722
1821
12
1
12.54
845100
115264
73790
775
2020
5617
224843
127274
1100058
1822
69
12
364
7211376
40893
12808
255
3403
100
133100
08080
924222
1823
5
2
766
5955326
42083
30566
89
6730
1282
151930
48475
1331750
1824
112
1834
8801034
44488
24771
bush. 501
5740
3331
154749
71054
1105170
1825
11309
12
2303
5390217
44805
18081
708
5102
4201
90037
59728
900239
1820
5809
5
1162
13103410
83088
5(1044
1278
6429
9035
131009
09707
1020209
1827
3203
12
138
9067766
82411
104337
9405
2381
9480
201084
74801
1122393
1828
1784
7
2209
4978102
51375
140270
37904
1398
5298
:: 04830
10715;! 1234054
1829
219
4672
2006579
127443
192306
61835
2689
440
170503
1050 9 2110590
1830
466
4181
2742224
157211
125487
21948
2170
2601
143702
170593
1730231
1831
051
761
0128240
133462
133887
33553
2436
2253
170722
200990
1725050
1832
264
3300
4030475
115237
171560
1974 4
5550
3377
229538
404917
1814819
1833
• •
2571
8714003
114311
199928
12581
0372
7009
143435
400933
■ 989018
1834
, ,
7406
7024032
16490
307702
25270
6484
25720
257715
412283
1825370
1835
. ,
, ,
2893630
33674
245111
29426
6516
19104
194119
90081
1109579
1836
■•
7245211
59380
181300
1704
8240
••
177937
415671
1453451
ij • ■ «,
Ufi
z z
354
HINDOSTAN— COMMF.RCK.
Imports into Great Britain from all Places Eastward of the Cape of Good Hope (except
China) — m ntinued
'',1
■li':
Silk Manufactures, viz.
t
.4
'S.
1
ugar (unrefined.)* 1
i
.a
D
a
s
CO
1
o
J
■s
ermillion.
i"
Bandannoes,
Handkerchiefs,
and Romals.
£
c
1
Crape :
Shawls, Scarfs,
Gown Pieces, and
Handkerchiefs.
affaties and other
Silks in Pieces.
i
u
■s
<
<u
JS
4^
H
en
CA
CO
H
Eh
H
P»
O
pieces.
pieces.
No.
pieces.
cwts.
imp. gall.
cwts.
cwts.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
vnl. £.
1814
71502
• •
• •
31115
^ ,
38554
43789
, ,
3775
.535642
4892
76irio
1815
131279
5
, ,
31693
, ,
4848
124292
2113
7344
1289760
, ,
7.'tNS3
I81f)
1.-50216
66
, ,
9679
287
24091
126246
.5491
10510
725810
3768
7uoo;t
1817
97232
17
4
18457
• •
81927
123368
2400
4823
581603
, ,
91!»I7
1818
73670
61
• •
16707
108
111835
162386
1398
8766
7656.54
17.52
9yr)H3
1819
48248
11
24
16484
127
62856
202778
299
4713
647353
4040
lOlHIll
1820
126598
, ,
2.54
10047
132
141384
277204
828
9017
9148.53
28832|l4721f)
1821
85279
345
3196
100.54
803
2570
269143
8130
41.5555
47440
10Sfl43
1822
101651
208
396
7948
5016
218
209959
1285
10347
1975.57
63
74420
1823
142317
36
166
3659
20346
4092
219576
.5050
11606
10997
2778
u.M'jg
1824
131096
25
679
4760
11085
145
267912
6377
20236
521750
2504
122700
1825
101830
160
2138
5096
588
1661
244062
1173
20713
98567
, ,
109:! 14
1826
238586
3194
20500
8824
62
645
342847
3000
2.5332
452001
• •
11248t;
1827
224896
651
4621
6951
6
252
380181
705
16407
570213
8668
116282
1828
160.536
135
5952
5745
624
4247
516831
1806
27361
842304
42811
i2nor)3
1829
95849
• •
16985
6687
• •
22108
497109
1863
34418
1111068
243
1823;ffi
1830
124276
513
23711
8529
11
41418
779087
14574
32189
1867764
, ,
20H880
1831
184398
932
17740
7368
1
7911
750448t
.5472
30902
1292028
10923i2034(10
1832
211887
, ,
11469
4525
• •
20591
703137:
26642
30004
1004045
1926
20871',)
1833
293237
4904
1226
74
21139
732318:
286,53
35963
582064
25185
, ,
1834
374744
4
, ,
490
• •
12251
695163:
34757
40860
864810
7585
, ,
1835
383056
• •
617
773
, ,
14068
213160
§14290
1836
331652
• •
9
741
42741
222035
18945
* Including Mauritius. t Of this, 516,077/. was Mauritius. : Of this, 527,904i. was Mauritius;
624,017^ Mauritius sugar, 1833 ; 533,890/. ditto, 1834. § East Indies alone.
Notwithstanding the great efforts made, since 1814, to procure extensive supplies from the Eastern
hemisphere, and although several new islands and stations have been made marts of commerce by British
merchants, we perceive a stationary or declining trade in almost every article of Eastern production ; whereas
the supplies from the territories of British India alone ought to have shewn an immense increase. Had it not
been for the supplies received from Sincapore, Ceylon, Java, Australasia, and the whole Pacific and Indian
Ocean, a vast decrease would have been seen in this table.
Total Value of the Imports into Great Britain from all Places Eastward of the Cape of Good Hope (except
China), according to the Prices at the East India Company's Sales in the respective Years.
Years.
£.
Years.
£.
Years.
£.
1814
8643275
1820
5958526
1826
6730926
1815
8136167
1821
4775146
1827
5681017
1816
6429785
1822
3713663
1828
7065180
1817
6865586
1823
5932051
1829
62182H4
1818
9206147
1824
5605100
1830
5679071
1819
6615768
1825
6178775
1831
5729810
In the ensuing tables the interior trade of Bengal, Madras, and Bombay will be shewn. From 1812 to
1829, the returns were prepared for Parliament in 1832 ; the subsequent years were collated by myself and
my assistant at the India House. Although the data arc not as ample as could be wished, they present full
scope for the reflecting mind of a philosophic or merely commercial statesman.
HINDOSTAN.— INTERIOR COMMERCE OF nENGAL.
355
Quantity or Value of each Article of Indian Production or Manufacture at the Port of Calcutta, from
the Interior of the Presidency of Bengal.
92
G8
f52
)40
^32
140
63
778
504
_4J
U
vnl. £.
7tuno
73WS3
7yoo;i
9 1 '.1-17
99r.K3
lOlHOl
1472 ir,
108943
74420
115499
122700
109314
11248(;
16681116282
!811 1200.13
243 182336
. 208885
)923|203460
1926120871'.)
&185
f58r.
, Mauritius ;
the Eastern
by British
whereas
Had it not
and Indian
)n
pe (except
rs.
>
3
'A
<u
pa
a pa
Chunam.
e
o
i
11
c3S
CO
o
c
3
cwt.
pieces.
cwt.
cwt.
lbs.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
1812-13
30479
308944
75086
49
7571
1813-14
50573
407965
265883
130
6677
1814-15
24969
406401
259679
89
4015
1815-16
17821
CO
E
3
457056
303607
1
218
3921
10
E
1816-17
19087
460360
536897
115
6792
1817-18
20088
1
360300
783411
55
9430
1818-19
22891
Ph
294919
524993
94
18094
1819-20
19155
o
2
469715
235692
1
264
20507
O
1820-21
27123
408637
282197
140
22383
1821-22
38972
528819
287768 1
112
19973
1822-23
39793
494424
158167 1
122
19938
1823-24
53237
61260
579784
132386 120294
132
21451
3435
1824-25
51609
57273
456368
283113 169330
109
17663
—
1825-26
47006
39210
351970
178687 336692
92
16757
—
1826-27
46677
66798
572494
336175 1 110208
144
21820
5918
1827-28
61549
51611
566832
235047 64452
111
22710
11674
1828-29
58017
63455
556433
219683 29110
148
17558
9274
1829-30
52010
63919
507897
202974 , 24272
134
14826
4884
1830-31
44577
24647
41<J426
212974 150060
177
19090
6154
1831-32
35829
25759
441310
181670 184992
165
14071
10959
1832-33
38730
31483
338023
174152 1 212380
120
10097
16674
1833-34
24041
37861
408374
168178 138580
115
10716
31149
1834-35
28104
47255
286593
214192 181548
92
5965
13897
1835-36
18581
45569
285101
364380 '
80
7184
22908
«M
a
i
i
o
i
11
c c 5P
d
Ml
'■3
i
60
So
&
a
8
IX,
-a
3
>
o
30M
a
1-1
2 ^
c
s
5
o
cwt.
pieces.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
c*
iX..
cwt.
cwt.
1812-13
187590
4334288
4<J475
13125
8499
1813-14
153837
4380504
50096
9364
7.546
1814-15
104896
4157789
68746
0}
2301
3399
1815-16
96375
3921388
76661
E
21880
3
820
C
1816-17
164407
3869091
58580
9
4.*
24290
5439
3
1817-18
265490
5743005
48732
16205
■
I
O
6180
1
1818-19
373256
4638359
45642
o
9792
(
10015
1819-20
358833
8116541
70932
55
17039
1
11178
^;
1820-21
528453
5443120
51066
21112
6845
1821-22
577042
3'J48987
62175
9927
5849
1822-23
681400
3228451
75405
86738
5986
8681
1823-24
487431
2082719
53782
85280
9696
J
1086
7790
3508
1824-25
603214
2227854
73812
112073
12027
(
4
2138
14250
3547
1825-26
935106
1411438
104831
58108
7571
J701
13281
8818
1826-27
378425
5906818
53355
78388
9521
<
5750
10433
1039
1827-28
558477
5031133
101584
116575
9586
U
)736
9255
1268
1828-29
577449
5016114
65631
224081
11283
(
)672
15230
3706
1829-30
530830
5238142
89026
205052
14596
5002
11012
4315
1830-31
545557
4275104
85329
65086
23096
3255
0)
3436
1831-32
520577
5409164
80379
49085
18072
S196
E
1771
1832-33
511425
6588567
88043
32138
14525
5015
3
827
1833-34
416349
6012190
64050
22235
20808
3893
3120
1834-35
543570
6316013
71561
32494
20346
3187
o
8048
1835-36
321942
8731229
642(
)0
26156
1
7918
1128
<i
4168
im 1812 to
Imysclf and
Lrescnt full
In few or none of the above articles do we perceive any indication of an augmenting supply of the
staples of Indian produce. Cotton was larger in amount 20 years ago than at present. So also as regards
indigo, lac, ghee, jagree, &c. If returns could be had for all articles a simiiw decline would be seen. The
commerce of India was larger in amount and more valuable 40 years ago than it is at present.
■r-
350
HINDOSTAN.— INTKRIOII COMMKIU'K OK nF.NriAl,.
Quantity or Value of Articles of liuliaii Production or Manufacture received at Calcutto,
from the Interior of the Presidency of Ikngal — CuntinnM,
O
Opium.
Piece Goods.
1
Saltpetre.
>"
Cotton.
ii
1-
Shawls.
1812-13
cwt.
chcsta.
pieces.
4000954
pieces.
pieces.
cwt.
3079
cwt.
17899
l)li'cr.s.
5226
1H13-14
24 1 798
—
2779579
—
—
1227
34335
.5456
1814-15
■Jl(>5;i3
—
3451685
—
—
3018
02103
2803
lSl5-ir>
12532(;
—
5588766
—
—
4666
39808
3309
lHl(i-l7
198832
—
7868791
—
—
2028
196587
2478
1H17-18
275725
—
5797979
—
—
2350
127315
4'.»25
lHlrt-1!)
345r,88
—
4175171
—
—
1202
133873
25 16
lHl'.)-20
292470
40(;9
46224:13
364530
—
1097
349679
4773
1H2()-21
378827
4309
3586330
377172
—
2862
302809
48H3
1821-22
283518
3158
3934953
559259
—
4838
259717
55(19
1822-23
313r,72
3986
3977034
599225
—
8417
198871
4108
1823-24
289332
3367
3781144
468336
2222
7638
286708
5830
1824-25
305742
7390
2440833
564864
2064
7625
189938
4518
1825-2r.
132444
5310
3431109
480504
15225
4290
158896
3787
182r.-27
1950C)2
6788
2627231
45.5439
3731
3177
315563
4028
1827-28
194191
6350
1872318
4.54828
1679
3692
224902
■Mm
1828-2!)
380431
7709
1698803
456714
853
2949
25863.S
2383
182!)-30
3(17249
8778
1334395
406265
928
2299
2:!5712
2761
1830-31
2438 ir>
7548
1070769
628908
356
1710
293695
1831-32
191443
7939
1 24 78 15
739122
23
2186
298072
1832-33
270132
10638
1080661
715255
3
5651
255307
1833-34
ir,8901
12523
998892
941131
6875
6529
372314
18.34-35
273370
13027
884805
710308
90
5694
258965
1835-36
25U;08
15044
250353
97632
742
4736
254632
i2
Silk.
Sugar.
en "
•a
c
i
e2
■ 1
Turmeric.
Wax & wax [
Candles. .
1
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
1812-13
7996
120180
2449
—
10493
8236
1367
1813-14
5333
120049
1909
—
12605
15864
1196
1814-15
11244
197624
2515
—
4919
9643
1 145
181,5-10
9912
159433
2289
—
82.33
8875
1085
1810-17
5601
311753
1761
—
15.542
10808
1353
1817-18
6861
.345273
1430
—
32859
1 5202
1468
1818-19
5887
447370
3477
—
40396
15020
1232
181!)-20
13929
469563
1844
9288
41670
250,53
1412
1820-21
17105
331400
1916
4291
74695
8101
2121
1821-22
13634
333914
2920
2525
133486
7105
2158
1822-23
12456
293508
270;
5538
107872
10842
1881
1823-24
11592
237600
3844
3869
90848
14205
2024
1824-25
14832
342648
4601
3503
12,5320
11083
1413
1825-20
14737
193.544
4295
1333
72775
10001
842
1820-27
12724
320600
4920
2524
!)4159
11732
1201
1827-28
126,54
197702
3.348
1582
93616
187!)4
1194
1828-29
1 7997
389669
6593
1853
137035
20527
1057
1829-30
130.54
366239
4181
1855
166655
19089
1141
1830-31
14343
231171
2250
3137
94506
14411
072
1831-32
12392
185730
33.34
2270
91378
15919
7,55
1832-33
12248
1 7.3975
3.538
2500
58974
10520
030
1833-34
14232
240037
3045
3001
51705
10562
772
1834-35
12630
271843
2423
4056
69118
7975
381
1835-36
9481
230388
1417
6074
37564
5357
206
The statement given in this and in the preceding page is most important ; it is an accurate list demon-
strative of the stationary if not retrograding condition of the people of Bengal, during a period of a (|iiartt'r nt
a century. The piece goods column deserves attention. The quantity of sugar received at Calcutta was larger
15 years ago than it is at present ; so also with silk, saltpetre, tobacco, &c.
HINUOSTAN.— INTKRIOK COMMKUCK OF IJKNOAI.
;ir)7
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HINDOSTAN.-INTKUIOIl COMMKUCK Ol' MADRAS.
The Qimntlty or Value of each Article In !nclli\ Production or Mttnnf«eture received at the Port of Mailrta, from the
Interior cif the I'rc^Ulency of Kort St. (lenrKe.
VALI
a
'A
i
V
>>
a
cwt.
1 Hi »-•.'»
N;lfi!i
IHi.-.-'jO
;()();(
\HM 'ij
H'i.'iH
iH'j7-aH
7'ia/i
1H'^H-'J|I
H7!»l
IH'iu-:i(i
(iH;)7
iH.iii-:)!
i);)21
iH:ti-;fj
(!H(m
IKHa-M;!
H4'2H
ih;i:i-:u
8027
ih;u-:)»
77»7
lHJ5-3a
8738
cwt
IDA
■ill
2S2
iMIIldlC'H
I:I4INI!h
lACI'illA
l:t,V)7;t»
MII2P4I
1 28:188:1
18(183.81
22:13110
I2I4H4II Ul
11222 1 2 81)
IOHO676 41)
18U
8
t:
o
cwt. \)ga.
1)110
18 178
12S'.i
l2.^a
Ul
8111
1108
tl:i8fl
1188
3010
2881
31122
211)1
1801
2!) 1 8
'2281)
282A 241!)
t2741)H|ll37!)
D4347 2104
cwt.
3128
3888
:in72
0788
71)30
' 21)3
:I188
2481
IO16
!IH2
2321
4308
Frulti.
cwt.
101314
120701
180HhO
327.i80
IIHIOI
1<)04|I8
3(''.)8'.'7
ao28(io'
Il0ii:i8
80:t28!)
224:103
00U877
cwt.
2H28H
2rt8:i8
24l)fi''
21) r
3'.' :..-,.•>
2177"
2H4'i7
2:127 I
21)121
2371)8
27807
282 16
■a
cm
cwt.
7H083
2iiyi2
231801)
3:i8000
30«872
3431:10
1<)228I
20O88
lo;i)12
1)1327
1IHI888
131847
t
.a
cwt.
14824
8378:l
1I0|)18
nivDio
270I01
170ill»
231),',77
2880O7
187784
080 ID
210208
2101)1)0
cwt.
187(1
311)0
2120
1873
1 8()U
20H()
4IMJ2
8201
3M17
12U3
823
cwt.
H742
41171
8I38H
20882
4 1 12:1
43737
07303
A3:i!)l
47H00
3l:i8l
72411
H83U8
a
3
o
i
■9
9
1
pleccn.
2202
10710
I8IO
flrt;i7
7321
2731
3870
Uooo'
27'. 1
23:12
1001
S3U3
Nnit.
37OH8
:iti2i
f'lOoii
ll;si:)
0t:i80
O2378
088112
lOlilllo
Hi.".')!)
HI'.' Hid
101803
12H82H
Niitnben.
t Bale*.
t Cwt.
PIECE
GOODS.
1
!A
wi
•*;
a
in
'I
a
a
'0.
i
>-
1
1
s
8
i
I
■s
•a .
a*
1 =
a
(3
Handker-
chiefs of
.Sorts.
u
Q
2
•3
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
cwt.
quires.
pieces
Olccc.s
pieces.
pieces.
pieces.
pieces.
pieces
pieces.
1824-28
14080
13812
3747
12
38
64082
21 862
179364
1 10238
16888
128983
860
74ofil
1H28-26
11238
22048
14813
5
39
4SH33
18870
21:17
18:(406
123612
3808
100306
457
38801
1820-27
i)878
218S«
180OJ
7
03
87088
80887
2.M3
210383
1 13848
2201
O0076
708
41(18:1
1827-28
OO03
28148
12402
1
79
6ll3l)3
4422
501
1 60 180
110133
37O8
I0O080
928
38342
1828-20
I20()^
22087
7S91
6
7«
43527
58812
244881
164770
3828
120028
198
4:l53,'i
1820-30
14310
23412
0201
9
lou
44810
81350
1482
100190
132800
1810
160448
212
31410
1830-31
1.W41
28211
16078
10
86
37770
7H8H0
427
200827
141627
3931
00842
184
48507
1831-32
13080
2S20:t
27660
7
35
37801
9»m
234480
150824
2715
71407
119
3«88l
1832-33
14807
20217
i:)3jO
8
84
2h,876
H5404
221377
141008
5330
117030
41
H2y:i7
1833-34
11087
24201
3433
7
^*i
16381
130430
6207
180804
00
:i2(iH0
1834-38
10682
26340
11072
12
53
17040
5080
6290
148274
6955
128041
84
41210
1835-36
13208
20880
73977
14
80
87220
45161
205680
178863
8507
144650
56117
PIECE GOODS.
it
to'
3
a
to
E
9
en
1
•s
a
5
>>
§
■3
X
1
e
.2
i
<*-
If
Sen
H
i
i
is
pieces
pilCCK
pieces
pieces
p. ices
piecec.
pieces.
pieces.
cwt.
doz.
cwt.
cwt
cwt.
cwt.
1824-25
03076
15374
2.-.581
371901
1010075
5719
15721
3320
7322
12527
1382
248
182.8-20
7790
3723
277:28
6762
32208
30(1288
832008
8012
18084
1.804
()630
11820
1283
311
1820-27
0i)78
a779
21002
7534
41740
303832
903370
11082
18087
1883
6211
14078
1442
27!!
1827-28
72O8
2272
78238
4347
35:160
331182
OIO2OO
10470
20028
804
6033
1.3017
1893
3:14
1828-20
5716
7128
30155
8632
46805
:)03871
1 1 3/428
15378
21287
003
8487
12922
i;i24
460
182(J-30
8004
54fl8
5374(1
7077
39777
31KI31
1038004
20i;6
77484
1213
9072
12840
0-86
321
18:10-31
5388
3824
70030
57 HO
2:1027
24!):i80
020272
9<J81
20331
735
10740
12072
1316
171
I8:tl-32
8:102
9OI"
3223i)
6701
34OO8
231810
910O-'3
57441
15833
483
7762
11807
1613
127
18:12-33
8(i07
ihoo
3500;
8077
40320
28;(120
083284
10052
17636
1407
0320
11376
710
2)0
1833-34
14125
10(i5
5121!)
84:10
34 1 (1 1
4fl()7-2
80K830
8705
I57O8
105
50(1 1
9773
7:18
I3:t
1.S34-35
12110
20(i2
72870
8081
2JH!lO
520318
071938
1411
15042
828
70b8
9831
1000
147
1835-36
4666
3578
87607
5)01
230:i4
361300
1125493
10828
10514
7930
10006
1643
338
I have not been able to find any returns at the India House further back than 1824-2.'i ; a decrea.se in
almost every article is observable in tiiis brief period. Later as well as earlier returns would shew a mure
marked diH'ereiice.
»
\3
I
§
J
i
>■
^
^
IHI'.
:l0,20l
1,01,880
1M3
:il.H4;
00,o:i8
mil
17.19s
31 ,,824
IHI8
:IH,04(I 47,818
hill
51,04:( 40,021
ISI7
:r2,020
81,067
IHIS
do, 181
45,532
wa
4(),14l
28,03 1
lri'20
37.107
15,011
1x21
21,543
82,808
tn-n
13,081
81,801
IHJ.I
.1:1,87(1
.86.081
1M2I
17.OOI/
81,041
1H2S 4rt,.80,l
1.04,1)00
mn 82,838
63,737
1H27 73,722
1,01,848
1K'2N rt7,:i7:i
1,40,118
WiVHiiMl
:i9.813
1H3II
l!),H8l
27,264
lull
1.1,400
41,026
lrt:l2 11,421 1
81,10S
lx:i:i
■8,70H
;i6,l8:l
licit 40,li80
86,011
l»3.'. 00,7:17
96,474
Is
IH12
1813
1814
m
INl
IHIN
! I,8:i,3!)7
4 1. 0114
81,420
1 l,14,:i02
' '2,08,002
52,013
I 1.40,8:11
Il'l!lil,30,:l72
1821)2,2:1,410
1821 I,3I,:I21
1822 1,76,470
182:1,2,02.301
IH2l|4, 10,205
1S25|3, 18,380
182614,13,174
I827|3,24,200
1828 2,81,470
1820
1831)
1831
1832
1833
2,11,12
;i,01,403
3.13,170
3,26,728
I,38,;t30
1834|4,53,802
18:13 4,40,788
3,54,173
0,80,388
3,40,012
1. ■86,377
•2,40,213
2,04,018
3.87,114
,01,076
4,38,36
•2,42,167
2,48,010
1,63,670
3,22,182
2,38,007
8,40,025
4.84,477
5,00,234
-',15,000
3,23.450
2,02,081
'2,71, '284
:i.i9,t
|4,20,983
There were no 1
ijuantitm of the Horn
tills return specify wl
the interior ; the piei
increase at the expena
HINDOSTAN.— INTLlUOIl COMMKRCE OV HOMIiAY.
350
VALIIK OV MKKCIIANUI8K (SK'CA HUI'KKn) IMrOHTKD INTO IIOMIIAV FROM
1812 to 1835.
pleci's.
a^,'lt)l
4lli,VI
a.'iiU'i
4,),'i;tr>
HI III)
4rir,B7
3(1581
;i2eiHii
4rjiy
Mill?
D4,
baB
crease m
a mure
ii.H4:t
ir.itfx
:m,oi(j
.il.ni.i
iii.ft'jd
lIU.IBI
4li,l4l
i;.i"7
•Jl,ft4:l
I J, US 1
;):i„17"
4ti,.')!l.l
,Vi,.S:)H
7;i,7Jj
rt7,;i7:i
Hil.A'J I
lll.H.M
Hll :i.-i,i!Ml
Irtll'JII.i'JI
IMIJ
IM:l
lull
1«IA
hill
IMIM
IHIU
mo
m\
m.i
wn
mi
IH'JIi
ini7
llt'iH
in:iii
1k:i;I
1m:ii
7,%7iiH
4ll,li.tO
!ltf.7;i/"
,01,8110
9fl,n:iH
:l\,Mi
47..11^
9i,mi7
4S,n:vi
UH,|l:ii
IA,()!l
S'J.SO'*
HI. .tot
Sfl.flM
HI, 1)4 I
,rt<,!IO(l
(l:i,7:i7
,UI,H4H
,40,1 IH
•i7,'264
4l,(l'Jl)
51, IDS
:iA,1H:i
Mi.flll
l,iiA,n4a
,irt,ti7
su,;i7i
4i,rtH(l
l)7.1>.vj
Sl).""4
'i7,i'^ii
(1,1, 'Jh;!
1 ,1,5:11
47,H(l7
U.iil!)
I'i.llO
I«,7'.MI
3i,4:M)
H.:t7!»
,t'i,:iiM
4l,!l:l
;m,;iii'i
■JI,h:i:i
(lo.Kii;
«,74'i
17.H7
l|>,2ft.i
us,4i;i
111,4.14
W.MHI
4H,40:l
i,i;i,'J4ii
l,H7,4(((l
l,4l,lllh
,ii)..i;i7
:iii,l4H
(Il,0!)H
(W.di I
fl.i,rtNi
:i'i,002
(1l,M4
so, till
.iN.ii.i:)
^H,.1lil
IS,4H.1
7ft,U!m
(iJ,l7:)
47.»7.'^
IH,»:iii
»:i,UH(i
4,:n.7n.i
;(,l(l,tiH7
•J,!) 1.171
•J,IH,!)7;i
'J,'Jl,-J(ll
•i,(l|), 1|I7
•J,h;i.174
'J,!l:i,o:i:i
ii.Ai.diiB
:i,'J|).!):lii
•i,:)l),H;lii
'i,4.1,lin
■i.l-i.iun
•J,(i!(,7tH
1 ,1).1,BJ0
'i,ll),l,lii
'i,fll|,(llMI
a,fl.i,rt47
•J,7B,4H.1
'J,0'J,A,1»
i,a7,7!M
•i,l4,,1tiH
'2,1)2. Mill)
'i.JU.'iHN
4t).,,'«
:i(i,R(ti
•2ll,(l!)ll
4'i,:llii
;tfl,;t;i'j
;m,:Hl:l
IH,1)J7
i:i,77fl
■J2,nii
2:1,1104
B.:in:
H,l,ll
7,42.1
7,1 7<l
12,1120
«,2()tl
211,940
1.1, ,1411
ll,l:i:i
lo,7U
11, .11
11,22
3,01!)
lO.IJII)
a.
£
".43H
'n.t
;i(),iu2
2i),6fi:i;
2«,.1IHi
:il,!):i.1
.12,010
41,1
111, (1(17
24,1HN
1(1,027
:i:i,l 1.1
:to,;i:H
,ll.2i:i
;i.i,()4i)
ll,B4:t
20,1|)U
2H,J7H
4,:ii|,i
I0„1H2
21,7fiO
2i,:i2:i
4:),.i.iM
2B,75fl
A3,«0I
i,7H,2.l;i
l,ni,:n
i,vi.«7;i
2,1.1,1 i:
1,4(1.107
1,10,HH7
h:i,hna
l.M.HIl
I,2H,I3)«
1,(14,131
1,71,IW2
1,(I.!,'II7
72.HI7
1,00,1)0:1
l,(il,,l;i7
l„M,l6ll
1,!)H,()03
2,47,:ii)i)
2,1.1,71(0
2,I1,41H
l,.13,,1H,1
1,11.1,1)0(1
2,H2,138
2,««,(58,<
.1|),)37
2,l.1,!)31
73,2211
4,37.7.'4
3,39,.13I)
1.2.1.777
1)1.1(11
1, 07, .100
3,02,11.12
41,1)75
Q..30,3II
2.3l,:i:il
3,(ll,.1(lH
I.OD.IHI
a,7U.!>7.')
7:i,flli
3,73,311
<JI,H2(i
1,H(1,,157
25,:l(lH
2,.1«.157
l,83,7HS
1,05,447
2,(Jl ,H76
3,43,230
3.111,07(1
2,0(1,12(1
4,01,444
l,20,49fl
01,(11(1
4,4(),3l2
3,01,873
3,(1 1,313
:l,01),32H
J,7H,H32
9,00,(1(17
(l,05,:i(!4
5,40,274
I,I2,A|HI
3,13,73(1
l,47.5r!l
2,51,H(|
(1,05,35
|2,2S,6t)(l
1,91,002
2,22,794
2,1)8,090
3,40,7*0
2,88,402
I, .10, 5(1(1
2,7(M74
:l,!)l,4!lfi
1,00, ((i.l
4,33,001
3,81, h22
,00,155
:I,(10,1U!)
3,!)5,MI
5,71,0h4
4,83,100
t,42,4(!l
1,15,317
:l,8U,45(|
2,02.38:1
2,90,8(1(1
3,10,42m
1,43,95(1
•i.95,013
2,97,7!)«
0,05,011
71.771
8:(. 101
1,17,535
1.79.217
a.17.90'.
73,207
1,01,583
3,79.111
2,50,238
1,25,4.12
1,94,71!)
1)19,(120
1,05,000
2,03,953
8,19.519
0.17.319
3,04,023
1,19.270
7.00,219
7,4 », 1 20
5,08,253
2.15,ls7
04,978
5.24,111
1,80,271
1,25,172
7,97.1'lfl
7,1)3,535
3,:il,2go
1,04,894
3,15,401
3, 111), 540
3,12,999
1,55,852
A,:i2,194
3,22.900
2,43,482
7,08,150
9,58,891
80,8 1(1
1,02,(1(1.1
0,:l8,25(l
3,42,582
9,04,099
17.90,837
4„1H7
9.191
11,1113
H,(109|
5,<i:il
1,119
!l,5li8'
31,H|5
00,101
77.3H0:
75,5201
1.78,959'
70,7(0'
59,11:10
1,88,012
9,22,100
3,40,050
3,22,975
1.81.997
5,03,2(.)1
8.30,778
5,08,(187'
10,711,940
10,01,500
2,00,008
1, 85,999
1,19,1:19
1,90,211
92,2;i8
I,45,:i0n
1,02,318
1,98,83&
2,51,:188
2,20,073
1,01,129
2,59,418
2.29,798
1,99,1109
1,01,583
2,44,423
13,47,985
1.89,091
3,81.501
2,8.1.112
2,110,017
4,44,220
5,40,002
3,08,025
Value of Merchandise 8cc. Continued.
1812
mi3
IHII
1,5:1,397
41.004
81.420
IHl.-.jl,14,302
lSlli!'.',O8,902
1SI7| 52,015
IHIh'i, 40.831
imiil 1,50,372
lli2(|i2,23,4IO
I82l|l,51,:l2l
l«i2' 1,70,470
l»2;V2,y2,391
In2i; 1,10,295
1825 3,10,380
1H2I)' 1.13,17
H27 3,24,200
IS'.'H 2,81,470
18'J!I
I8:iu
1831
1832
1833
1834
18:l.-j
2.11.121
3,01,403
3,13.479
3,20,725
1.58,3:19
4,53.802
4,49,788
3,54,175
0,80,388
3,49,012
1, .10.377
2,40,213
2,04,918
3,87,114
5,01,070
4, .15,305
2,42,107
2,45,919
1.0:1,079
3,22,182
2,58,007
5,40,025
4,84,477
5,00,234
2,15,090
3,25.450
2,02,98
2,71,284
3,19,901
4,29,985
4,11,390
a
e
1,03,3:1,040
50,42,810
27,55,100
21,29.014
22,31.40:
20,78,291
9,50,813
15,34,078
15,03,1:12
8,35,809
O,40,4IJ.-,
12,03,807
31,08,81
19,27.0.1
14,42,039
10,88,790
5,94,581
0,09,72
5,42,253
0,41,818
7,78,110
13,07,009
9,13,50(1
9,-4,000
a
a
a
O
a
X
1.18,97(i
75,80.^
14,50J
80,019
45,903
99.781
99.218
2,55,(183
1,90,730
32,9U0
7,;I03
20,140
37,194
.17,002
1,23,124
02,593
1,23,020
89,105
51,433
1,05,909
1,93,900
1,02,107
54.779
27,945
10,707
2:1,274
:)0,9ll
22,331
:I3,535
.10,481
14,589
11,108
20,03 1
11,015
14,045
21,482
10,373
11.194
li,:i04
24.715
20,05 I
12,925
14,973
1 0,990
9.394
4,975
469
3,238
13
2,307
fil8
415
001
2,047
8,821
5.104
5,298
3,.177
8,401
5,871
1,722
7,000
7.40)
4,900
2,503
12,348
7.598
4,407
1 077
2,959
1.379
4,585
4,075
4J
i
1.
a
a.
0.
•-»
.2
I
Q
3
S
IS
3
22,7.19
,04.091
54,303
4,808
10,250
12,137
,40.389
12,01.1
1,011
5,932
9,979
42,840
.02,874
19.571
1,001
12,297
14.!i81
18,145
,0(J,02.'
25,501
2,300
17,022
20,190
19.588
,74,418
37,515
12,751
20.913
15,733
33,809
02,020
23,377
15,081
23,IJ80
:t9.947
:)0,029
5,599
13.130
14,255
8,799
13,487
47,020
4,301
7,991
12,449
29,300
8,990
90,388
8,000
15,307
9,103
15,808
1,340
78,511)
14,954
19,932
10,532
5,123
2.449
7,770
12,238
11,228
13,497
3,099
10,484
7,095
21.310
10.290
13,050
3,878
4,908
7,07()
0,840
21,838
10.007
1,945
18,090
4.718
0.937
19,592
2,022
24,051
l:t,181
42,933
18,058
14,915
5,029
13,340
7,980
1.072
14,980
211,883
2.015
21,7.'9
1 5,089
1.872
10,131
19,037
8,218
11,411
27,982
1,553
1 1 .904
21,074
7.778
10.297
3,012
1.579
32,542
5,492
21,971
4,918
10,854
. . . •
23,425
5,371
21.320
5,107
5,0.12
• ■ • •
12,479
5,390
32,305
i:i,804
7,200
....
10.042
3,473
9,359
4,302
3,204
8,905
099
9.414
3,121
10,482
11,280
3,011
7.049
7,283
11,238
1,71,414 12,05,012
1,19,029 17,00.193
98,152 18,52, b91
48,812 22,11.979
02,325121.44,500
09,780|27,OO,448
28,452127,53,991
40,058 38,17,074
43,597;33,41,747
40,098138, 95, 105
31), 031
37.405
30,344
49,53,700
3s,ei,787
35,02, 19V
33,909i41,.l0,2«0
34,439|90, 82,702
39.570,00,11,127
17.770140,10,080
29,45872,20,052
43,11091,20,607
S1,4(J2|03,43,3(10
52,548 07,02,053
54,52.419
59,7.^971
74,00,035
29,908
10,357
68,707
in
32,92,741
17,45,506
,88,101
18,70,5:17
17,31.019
13,17.782
2,30.024
0,08,387
11,29,902
34,04,415
23,05,335
9,91.290
14,93,200
18,10.501
15,05,122
20,77,908
27,07,055
26,61,750
28,0'i,547
11.92,989
17,22,481
21,23.386
21,22,185
23,79,291
There were no returns at the India House (for 1836 and 1837) which would enable me to give the
quantities of the Bombay Trade, as has been done under the heads of Calcutta and Madras. Neither does
tills return specify what portion of the above mentioned articles were received by sea and what portion from
tlie interior ; the piece goods and cotton twist were evidently from England, and in these alone is there an
increase at the expense of the native manufacturer.
f. > ..'•
."J
If. ':
\
i
ii
\\
360 HINDOSTAN.— COMMKRCE
TVai/fl betwrm India and the Eastern Islands. —
In n work of this nnturo, it would be iinpossihlo to
filter more fully than I have already done into the
detail uf Indian coininercc, hut before closing so ini-
portniit a section, it will he necessary to shew the
large trade carried on between Bengal, Madras and
Bombay, and the Kastern Islands ; the articles in
EASTERN ISLANDS.
traffic at present are British and India piece good?,
opium, indigo, spices, grain, salt, hardware, oil, &(:.
&c. ; by the following return, which extends over 1 7
years, it will he observed that the quantity of tnn-
sure exported from the Eastern Islands is considera-
ble.
Commerce between Bengal, Madras, and Bombay, and the Eastern Islands.
Imported to India.
Exported from India.
Years.
Merchandize.
Treasure.
Total.
Merchandize.
Treasure.
Total.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupues.
ISll-l.")
47,20,381
22,83,038
70,03,419
7.''),89,723
f.,84,ir.(;
82,73,889
IH1.')-1C>
49,8:),,'')3.')
22,21,379
72,10,914
73,f.6,091
97,2f..')
74,C.3,3.''>r)
181f.-17
49,10,977
44,Of),()7.')
93,17,C.r.2
(■-2,97,274
34,l,'i7
''.3.31,431
1817-18
3f>,97,.')02
.'■)0,8(;,!82
87,83,984
7C.,12,214
9C.,7('>C
77,08,980
1818-19
38,:)2.(;f.7
44,1(;,203
82,(".8,870
.'■)3,97,443
7.''>,C.92
54,73,13.".
1819-20
23„'->7,.'>94
.'■>4,l.'->,37.')
77,72,9r.O
f.i,7i,or.c.
1,92,017
(13,(13,083
1820-21
34,08,28.')
4f.,.''>8,3r)8
80,(;c.,(;.')3
8r,,31,.^34
(•.,.'>7,0C.2
92, 88, .'>9(')
1821-22
38.17,2,'-.9
42,84,731
8 :,!>;, 990
1,11,18,071
8,82,238
1,20,00,309
1822-23
33,20,2.'i9
48,73,240
81,93,499
l,08,,'-.4,843
1,32,189
1,09,87,032
182;{-24
4.'-),37,242
30,19,204
7;"),'.(".,44(>
93,43, (•.(;.'■.
9,30,344
1,02,74,009
1824-2.')
44,.'i3,421
2.''), 92, 831
70,4C.,2r.2
7(;,19,.'')f.2
38,.'-..'-.0
7('.,.'i8.212
I82.')-26
29,30,70')
21,.^3,327
.'■.0,84,032
(■.0,78,320
(•.1,233
(;i,39,.')'.3
1826-27
3.'-.,32,l82
44,3r.,8r.o
79,C.9,042
r,l,32,3.''.4
28,748
(•.1,(11,102
1827-28
33,98,37r>
31, (•.1,492
(■..'■>,.''.9,8C.7
(•.9,33,1. '■.9
44,132
(19,77,291
1828-29
3.'),0C.,184
2 1,3 (■.,94 8
r>(;,43,132
7C.,97,108
20,12.'')
77,17,291
1829-.'5fl
2r),.57,987
22,72,.^.28
49,30,.'. ir.
74, (■.(■.,432
1,01,920
7.'),(l8,3,'i2
1830-31
38,32,24r,
31,(;9,957
70,02,023
(■.l,:i4,217
.'),.')3,282
r.d, 87,499
1831-32
20,23,779
12,0 2,0 -.2
32,8;'.,831
27,97,192
24,732
28,21,924
Statement of the Sales of Opium by the East India Company at Calcutta from 1798-99 to 1830-37.
Seasons.
Total
Total annual
1
Seasons.
Total
Total annual
Chests.
sales in Sic. lis.
Chests.
Sales in Sic. Rs.
1798-99
4172
17,31,161
1818-19
3552
63,43,265
1799-1800
4054
31.42,591
1819-20
4006
82,55,603
1800-1
4570
31,43,035
1820-21
4244
1,05,63,891
1801-2
3947
37,19,748
1821-22
3293
1,31,76,313
1802-3
3292
45,55,728
1822-23
3918
1,08,29,496
180.3-4
2840
39,44,595
182,3-24
3360
65,08,610
1804-.'->
3159
62,03,805
1 1824-25
5690
74,01,553
180.1-r.
383(1
58,94,919 i
182.5-26
3810
88,80,225
180(1-7
412(1
40,77,948
1826-27
6570
83,30,025
1807-8
4538
68,.54,157
1827-28
6650
1,12,28,416
1 808-9
4208
51,05,760
1828-29
7709
1,06,35,134
1809-10
45f)l
80,70,955
1829-30
8778
1,12,55,767
1810-11
49f.8
80,88,330
1830-31
7548
1,18,07,008
1811-12
4891
79,96,870
1831-32
7938
1,17,70,875
1812-13
49(1(1
62,76,705
1832-33
10638
1,24,59,572
181.3-14
47(19
88,71,475
1833-34
12223
1,16,31,830
1814-1.5
3(172
89,14,290
1834-35
12977
1,32,15,464
181. 1-1 6
4230
90,93,980
1 835-36
14745
1,87,95,355
181(1-17
4(118
90,79,972
1836-37
16916
2,53,95,300
1817-18
3692
80,43,197
This table is from Mr. Phipps's book, with additions (in the number of seasons) from other sources.
It may not be perfectly correct in all the details, but is, doubtless, very near to the truth. ^Ve have omittwl
to insert the fractions in the average cost of each year. The value of the sicca rupee varies ; it is alioiit
46-lOOths of a dollar, or two shillings sterling.
Isils— !l
|S(|l»-IO
ISIO-II
isll-l'i
isi2-l:i
lHl:i-l4
IKK-IS
IK1,S-I()
isi()-l-
i.sir-iH
ISIH-UI
islO-'-'it
isii'i---':)
irta;i-ai
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I8-.'(i-2;
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IH2!»-.'tll
iK:i(i-:ii
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2
a
3
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25
Val
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taa-i- :•.
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IWU- ,'i
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iMi;- s
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l!j(l>»-10
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ISII-12
isi2-l;i
isi:i-li
ISII-l.'.
ISI.VKi
isiti-i;
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isis-iy
(SI!) -•.'(.
IS-J(I-21
ISL'l-2-'
H:'-.'-i.>j
l«'ja-ji
IS'JI-L'.i
IS'.'5-2(i
lH2()-2r
I.S'JS-l'i)
ISJ!l-:lil
l>«o-;)l
is3l-:i-.'
Is3i-:i:)
is:u-:u
ls:)i-;tr.
is:i:.-;tt)
is:i()-:t;
s. I
1,12, K
H7,:n
<MI,I I
l,ii!),:iii
l,:i;,<)(i
I,(i.",,H:f
ll-i.'-T
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l,l:i,:is
l,:i:i,l.'i
l,-'.-i,;u
i.ir.iK),
l,:i2,r
i.N;,i)ii,
2,5,-i,!ll,
•-',!l7,:i;,
i,;.".,2i,
-',2),l.-..
2,.i!l.»:i,
2,(in,fi(),
2,(il,!)S,
2,S(),5.'.,i
2,M,(|8
2,i;,(il(,l
'-,/"!(,!);
:l, I'), ()■_',, ■
2,:i;,(i;,.-
-',r2,S!).L
-',J,'.,«1,.-
'.!i;,:)0,l
l.!)K,:)(),,-
•-',l!l,2,'-.,,"
2,4(i,07,i
Un this and oi
(rciiii the oil
porls at till'
labour, but
HINDOSTAX.— COMMI^lCi;.
Slilppiiig botwtoii Canton, Calcutta, Mailrat and Ilumbay, Kic.
at'.o A
From British India to Ca'iton.
From Canton to British India.
'
Calc
Ships.
utta.
Tons.
Madras.
Bombay.
Total.
Culc
Utta.
Madras.
Bombay.
Total.
rt
Sliips.
Tons.
.Ships.
Tons,
Ships.
Tons.
Ships.
Tons.
Ships.
Tons.
273s
ships.
Tons.
Ships.
Tons.
ISOS— !)
IS
H5!M
2
2.152
31
24!)!)1
48
35941
19
9525
7
II
81)42
37
20905
HOD- III
l:l
(iliH:i
1
1200
15
12U34
"!l
'.'(1817
12
7273
3
1,-,17
Hi
1J231
31
21021
ISIO 11
II
51)115
3
3(i<l3
14
12H27
28
•J21'2.'5
12
()r,!8
2
8-'0
8
579"
22
1 1042
l-ill-TJ
14
74mi
1
»ll
23
177«!»
38
2-335
14
7112
1
80
/
402(i
22
IIM8
isl;!-l:i
7
:il4li
5
5550
13
I3(iy2
25
223H8
12
7094
1
20(1
/
4324
20
12278
iKi:i-l4
24
itiyt
a
57H!»
10
10572
3!)
2!)559
12
5817
1
375
()
41 70
1!)
100118
isll-is
•25
i:i2iis
2
725
12
lOHIl
39
2IS3I
II
5478
1
O')o
13
8581
25
1 IO59
ISI.'i-K)
2S
IHOliK
4
4S00
21
17070
50
3 19:1s
15
5348
1
312
9
O2IO
25
II90O
isl(i-17
•Ji
11)51!)
4
4()7I
22
l80-i2
()•
39212
28
13891
1 1
1)281
39
20172
i,sir-i«
a«
17702
2
2100
ly
17310
•'>"
37 17-'
29
15701
i
2101
! 1
920()
47
27(108
ISIS-II)
:to
16|2H
a
271)7
24
20850
7t)
39715
•J 2
10503
•i
818
15
1 0095
39
21511
ISl<)-'iU
1«
IIII4I
2
•2.-i;i2
17
His 13
37
29I8()
10
4803
..
15
9010
25
13873
m-'0-2i
2i)
lK:i(io
4
5375
12
8471)
45
32211
10
0091
3
1531
13
07li2
32
1 1987
•24
I4:t2:i
2
2.-,.i2
•i:
20011)
50
3ti8ri
13
0023
3
1782
22
I3007
38
21 872
id"'--':t
20
I-::) It
3
4107
25
I'l8ti2
48
3()28,t
15
0024
1
579
20
10808
30
1801 1
lri-.>;l-'-'l
15
I07ii:i
2
2f).-.4
17
1541U
lU
2S83I)
11
5510
1074
1 1
0855
24
13139
l,S2l-'-''>
2U
I4!l()2
3
4054
30
18854
53
37H70
11
48-|4
11
5.i()l
21
9850
40
20074
IH'iS-'Jfi
T2
8715
3
31112
23
17383
48
30010
17
0822
(i
28 1 1
20
12085
43
21748
IH"ti-2/"
X>
21724
1
t)ii7
3!»
•.'()722
75
49113
U
659:»
II
5087
■2-
15738
52
•20424
IS'T-'-'H
•■ii
I7ii7!l
5
51-22
H7
27(i!)n
(ii)
■19891
18
0159
10
5342
30
1074 s
58
•28249
1 b'JS-'.'!'
Ifi
1 1544
4
4376
3(1
25731
.'iti
■iKiSI
II
59'.'8
•»
/
4S10
30
17541
51
•28282
IS'.'iHIII
IS
5:i7y
4
414!)
32
25701)
41
3-6.11 '
10
4h55
9
5118
25
15001
50
259O8
is:m-:fi
25
10112
4
3178
35
2()()!)5
(il
39985 1
20
7-.'7s
13
13704
25
17000
58
379S8
is:il-:i2
25
S4.S5
2
872
37
Ki^jii
54
•25913,
1
•JO
721)1
U)
07 11
40
29C58
70
43003
Imports of Merchandize and Treasure into all liritish India.
ISO'i- 3
1S()3- 4
IS(H- 5
ISO.-)-
is(i()- 7
IS07- 8
isiis- 9
1S«S>-I0
ISIO-II
ISll-12
IS12-13
1S13-I4
lSll-15
ISl.-.-lO
lsl()-l7
M7-18
lsls-19
IS 19-20
1S2()-21
1S21-22
I J22--23
18'.'3-::l
IS-.! 1-25
18-25-20
IS-2O-27
IS2r-28
lS-.'S--29
1SJ9-3(I
1S:(U-3I
IS31-32
IS3-2-33
ls;i3-34
1 S3 1-35
iS35-36
IS3(j-37
CALCUTTA.
Value of Imports
Mcrrhan-
dizo.
S. R.
I,r2,40,025
87,30,197
90,14.957
1,(19,30,799
1,37,96,033
1,05,83,028
98,27,070
93,21,703
1,01.81,877
1.13,38,092
1,33,15,915
1,25,34,728
1,17,90,802
1,32,15,798
1,87,90,053
2,55,94,728
2,(17,37,436
1,75,21,977
2,24,45,103
2,59.03,599
2,(is,fl0,535
2,01,98,413
2,s0,55,9l0
2,14,98,729
•2,17,60,(179
■-'.79,97,567
3,0I,()2,732
•.',37,ii7,512
2,72,89,237
2,25,61,506
1,97,30,422
1,98,30,509
•J,19.'25,574
2,46,07,030
Treasure.
S. 11.
1,17,40,850
1,(I5,3(),()I4
l,!.-','' 1,959
1,29.39,015
1.70,54, 1!I2
1,11.08,233
0.-, 58,880
i,r'.(.90,ii5
l,84,h3,-';5
1)7,85, 1)98
79,78,522
57,55,300
1,11,84,285
1,94,19,740
3,25,82,140
:i, 22,20,540
4,94,91,005
4,10,84.070
2,40,71,335
2,21,4!l,437
1,72,89,382
1,31,011,214
1,21,12,271
1,50,58,005
I, •20,00, 1 53
1,42.01.0119
69,02,374
I,()9,18,(i22
Oo,(,i7,4lO
54,II),5K9
53,02,590
58,63,942
5(j,(i8,730
6y,5i, 986
Total
Vuliic.
S. K.
2,^29,81,481
l,92,0(),>41
2,05.9i),;il(i
2,38,70,11 I
3,14.51,125
2, 10,91, Mil
1,03,85.950
2,73,17,818
2,89,08.092
1,81,24,3(10
2,12,94,437
1,82,90,0!) I
2,2!l,81,087
3,20,95.511
5,13,78, 1!i3
5,78,15,208
7,;)2,2!l,()ll
5,80,00,617
4,05,16,4!18
4,80,53,030
4,11,55,917
3,93,07,657
4,07,!)8,I87
3.05,50,731
3,13,00,832
4, 21,!!!), 170
3,7I),!I5,IOO
3,40,8li.l34
3,33,80,653
2,80,08,155
2,50,93,018
2,5(),94,45l
2,84,94,310
3,15,58,986
M .A D It A S.
Value of Imports.
S. I!.
9!),!I7,025
8(),90,2K8
91,84,910
0!),83,H87
1,47,13,230
71,11,418
71,;2,-.'00
91,36, SO
82,10,84 1
1,20,39,67!)
!»1,56,502
95,23,051
80,57,53 1
80,70,779
71,72.955
93,02,1 15
80,3; ,Olil
67,46,527
66,78, 3!I5
92,0!), 1!)7
89,38,0lli
1,19,74,233
1,0 1, 55, .110
1,00,30.875
88,l5,!i;0
98,09.315
!l4,-20,(i37
96,38,0!I7
8(1,82, 507
75,03,411
!ll,7(), 128
I,03,0!),!)99
V7,7i !I53
86,65,319
S. K.
58,4!). 572
38,37,1 II
52,41,377
22,45,165
40,08,235
13,30,511
4,79,5(11
22,17,588
15,87,-209
41,70,0-29
50,85,415
32,87,449
23,71,345
21,81,771
30,58.187
30,50,235
38,97,043
40,24,265
43,6!),6|3
10,85,731
42,80,(141
71,89.708
I1.!I0, 121
37,33,!)58
43,95,076
30,28, 4(i7
2(),3l,i;0
•22,3!l,70s
2(),3!l,237
20,33,010
2(),86,0i9
(il,88,,>.5()
33,42,(l!)l
34,'23,07U
Total
Viilue.
II O M U A V.
Value of Imiiorts.
Merchan-
di'/.e.
Total
Value.
Treasure.
S. II.
1, 58,40, 5!)7
1,25,33,12!)
I,44,2!),333
92,2!), (152
1,93,51,165
87,41,1)89
7!),5 1,827
1,1.1,51,274
!)7,!I8,053
02,15,708
1,42,1 1,1)17
I, -28, 11, 1 03
1,04,28,879
1,08,55,550
1,02,31,142
I,24,l2,3s()
1,19,30,304
I,o7.7o,7!i2
1,10,48,038
1,32,74,!)28
l,32,l!»,2S7
!, [I !,().(, 1)41
l,l!),45,7IO
1,37,01,833
1,32,11,040
1,34,37,812
1,20,58,113
1,18,08,475
1,07,21,804
l,01,3li, 151
1,21,57,077
1,()1,!IS,855
1.31,14,011
1,23,88,389
I S
I 2,()S,
1.92,
-.!I9,
2,05,
3,11,
2,01,
2,09
2,29
1,54
1.72
2,10.
I,s0,
2,1.11,
l.si
l,!)5,
-2,15,
I,))!),
2,3'l,
1,8-.
2,1;),
2,20,
l|9li
2,09
2,12
2.1(i,
2,5(1,
-2,.- .5,
3,110,1
3,111).
2,31,
2. (>,-,'
2,73,
2,81,
3,16,
. R
24.362
77, -200
18,872
17,173
32,353
11,80!)
,!I3,7!)0
87,397
41,783
10,501
78,711
32, 125
119,88!)
24,275
76,812
()7,552
70,716
05,S68
33,255
0,512
33,788
47,501
5.3. 1 (I6
72,131
40,0 17
55.038
,037
.60,398
12,525
()7,5(l0
!l!),5ll9
18, I. -.0
35,552
88,027
S. K
4 1,(11,605
3s,ss,975
1,0.1,40,182
1,0!), 12,465
7!', 95, 4 15
6(1,28,237
52,43,231
53,86,399
37,73,253
37,37,084
20,!I5,089
l!»i72,S!)l
20,0!), 114
15,33,439
65,35,611
1,01,04,909
1,57,02,511
5(),21,10()
49,24,312
3!),5!),173
4(),S2,212
00,91,754
00,57, 017
1 03,15,685
88,2(),11)!l
l,21,07,7iil
I, -20,04, 9s!)
1,05,07,271
!)3,25,3(i!)
()8,!)2,S28
51,21,912
1, 111. 90. 127
1.10,3(),(i!)6
1,35,91,557
S. R.
2,52,89,027
2.31,06,175
4,02,59,(15 1
3,74,59,li3S
3,91,27,7!lS
3,30,73,0 l()
3,22,37,030
2, •'3,7,1, 7!)!)
1, 92,15,036
2,09,17,585
2.67,71,4(10
2,06,05,319
2,27,39,003
2,35,57,,- 1 I
2,1)1,12,153
3,10,72,521
3,.56,73,227
2,87,27,277
2,37,57,567
2,59,0!),7I5
2,()7,1(),IM)(I
2,57, 39, -255
2,70,l(),l.',3
3,15,88,11!)
3,04,7-2,811)
3,71,03,132
3,75,62,026
4,05,87,669
3, ill), 37, s!) I
3,(10,00,331
3,19,21,451
3,!)3,(I8,5S3
3,81,66,218
4,52,80,184
On tills and on tlio anncxmi pugi- 1 liavo <,'ivcii a tal)ic pii. pari'd liy my assistant, Mr. FrcdcriL-lc Midlcy,
Irom Uu' ollic:id doi-iimiiits at lin- I'last India lloiisi-, wliii-h sIkws tin- \vli(.ik- trade, — imports and ex ■
l)orts at llic lliree I 'resiliencies, and in tlie aggregate for 31 years. Tlicwoik lias been one of great
laliour, l)Ut it is also of niueli value.
it
3f.O B
IIIXDOSTAN.— COMMKRCE.
,
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HIXnOSTAN.— SHIPPING— PRICES OF MKRCH ANIMZK,
British Kliipijiinj filtering Uie Pcirts of Calciitlii, Madras, niid IJoinhay.
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CALCUTTA.
MADRAS.
BOMB A Y.
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otal ol all
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Under
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No 1 Tons.
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otal of all
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firand Total.
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No.
Tons.
— 1
1113
85290 i
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520 1
50154
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94 45233
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329 125042 21
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232
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84314
144 53724 29
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102 48321
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11191
111
31114
2425
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132
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431; 144 159
92^ 40358
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207 I
30l)39()
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21 1.'>|63
169
162S0
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78 40443
10
10181
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1470
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I8UI-11
115
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26 16292
536
12.5911
036 '100681
81 31132
12 ;
10972
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43 30358
601
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13
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89 41287
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33
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121 5129,''
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176 75333
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131 (>3nil
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3031 318417 141 62520
71
: 29609
171
0l)H()3
6031
371691
1831-35
324
119879
on 46938
648
164483 3768,194793 4
4,28795
5012 306727 161 G6934
72
33137
181
7317.-
38 1 1
5 1 1387
1835-36
28(1
108159
84 43542
522
151019 39851190429 3
1 1
121346
5379311694 181 70324
1 1
72
35724
204
7383(
610s
33.S51;}
Price of Articles, the produce of the country, in Rupees, Annas, and Pice. Calcutta, IHS^-Sfi.
Articles.
Highest Price in
Lowest Price in
Articles.
IliA'hest Price in
Lowest Pricp in
what Month,
what Month.
what Month.
what Month.
Aiinisced, per Md
a 2 to 3 10
Sep.
3 to 3 5
July
Indigo lilno F. Md.
145 to 150
Dec.
130 to 160
May
A:-safii;ticla,
170 to 700
May
140 to 190
Apr.
Do. Purple
135 to 130
do.
133 to 115
do.
Bectlf nuts, Dacca..
7 to 7 8
do.
5 4 to 5 14
Aof;.
Do. \ inlet
135 to 150
do.
120 to 145
do.
Borax, rctincd
21 to 21 8
June
18 8 to 20 8
Apr.
Uo. Copper
80 to 120
do.
911 to 100
do.
Uo. unrefined
18 4 to 20
July
16 to 18
do.
Indigo Seed, nw.Md.
14 8 to 13 8
May
4 to 5 1
Apr.
CHiivas, 1st sort, lilt
7 to 11 8
I'cb.
4 12 to 8 8
July
Sac Dye, I'actory . .
38 to 49
April
31 to 40
Aug.
Cardanuniis Md
8 10 to 94
Sep.
8 to 8 10
June
1)0. Native
28 to 37
do.
22 to 32
do.
Castor Oil
14 8 to 18
May
9 to ! 4
Apr.
Do. Slitll, 1st sort ..
37 to 46
do.
32 to 33
do.
Cocoa nut Oil ..
12 12 to 13 12
do.
8 toy
do.
1)0. Shell, 2nd sort
29 to 36 8
do.
23 to 32
July
Cotton, liliDmngluir
15 12tOl6 10
July
11 8 to 12 8
Jan.
Uo. Stick, Bardwan
114 to 12
do.
10 to 11
do.
1)0. Jaloiie
1 J 12 to 16 4
June
11 8 to 12 12
do.
IDo. do. Sylet
U 8tO 12
do.
10 to 10 8
do.
Do. Calelioura
14 4 to 14 4
do.
9 8 to 10 8
do.
I.Mungict
4 12 to 5 4
May
3 2 to 3 12
Oct.
Klcphaiit's teeth . .
141 to 147
do.
140 to 145
May
jOpium, Patna Chest
1138 to 1389
Feb.
1125 to 1130
July
110. 2iid sort
130 to 14(1
do.
126 to 139
Nov.
;Do. Benares do.
1230 to 1255
do.
1030 to 1035
do.
Do. 3rd sort
116 to 128
do.
110 to 123
do.
Putchuck, per Md.
12 to 12 8
Dec.
11 2 to 1 1 8
do.
(iinKur, Kariffporc ..
7 to 7 5
Jan.
5 14 to 5 15
Aust.
j Red .Sundew
2 6 to 3 8
May
1 4 to 2 12
Dec.
Grain, Kice Patna . .
2 to 2 8
May
1 8 to 2
Dec.
Do.Salllower, 1st. st.
23 to 30
Mar.
21 til 2()8
do.
Do. I'alchoir)- ..
1 10 to 2 12
do.
1 2 to 2 4
do.
Do. Upcouutry
18 to 22 8
May
13 to 20
do.
Do. Mou'iliy
1 a 6 to 1 5
do.
14 to 1
do.
Saiainoniac
20 to 21 8
Jan.
18 to 19
Oct.
Do. Ballam
1 3 to 1 6
do.
15 to 1 1
do.
Uoat Skins, Patna
Do. I'addy
g to 12
do.
5 to 8
do.
per 100
12 to 17
May
12 to 10
Mar.
1)0. Wheat, Dnod
I 1 6to 1 9
July
1 4 to 1 (i 6
May
Do. Madras do
15 to 21 8
Sep.
14 to 20
Apr.
Do. Ciuncajallaui
1 4 to 1 6
Mar,
1 to 1 2
Nov.
Saltpetre, 1st sort per
1)0. (Irani I'atiia.
1 11 to 1 15
Dec.
14 to 1 1
May
K. Md
6 8 to 7 12
Nov.
3 10 10 6 12
do.
1)0. kicked
2 1 to 2 4
do.
1 3 to 1 6
do.
• Do. 2nd do.
6 to 6 1 2
Dec.
5 8 to 6 4
do.
Uliall Urhur
2 1 1 to 2 14
April
1 9 to 1 11
Augt.
jUo.3rddo.
5 3 to 6 (i
do.
3 4 to 6
do.
(iboe. Cow, 1st. sor
t 19 to 21 8
Jan.
16 to 19
do.
!silk Raw, Cassunbar
18 8 to 12 4
May
9 to 10
Nov.
lluffaloe, do. do. .
16 to 17 a
June
14 8 to 168
May
Do. Kadanugorc ..
10 8 to 11 2
do.
8 8 to 9 5
do.
(iminy liaKi), large
Do. Bengal wood,
|itr Kill
11 8 to 13 8
Uec.
10 8 to 12
Oct,
1 l.st. sort
7 12 to 8 12
do.
7 to 7 12
do.
Do. ilo. I'aiil
7 8 to 7 H
do.
16 to 16
May
Do. Kadeah
9 4 to 10 2
do.
8 5 to 9
do.
lliiles, I'liiffaloe, cgc
21 to 35
June
16 to 31
Apr.
|Do. CommcicoUy ..
10 11 to 11 1
i Mar.
9 to 10
Aug.
Do. U\cow I'atna .
23 to 35
do.
18 to 30 8
do.
Do. Goiiateali
' 11 10 to 12
1 May
10 til 10 8
Sep.
Uo. do.
Da
:ca
12 t.
]22
May
1
9 to 18
do.
Du
. Maid
ih
lU
10 to IK
) A
IT-
9
2 to U 14
Nov.
n
;
i i
3C0 D
CO
W
P
Q
O
H
O
;^;
o
H
c«
H
s
PJ
H
O
u
•J
o
u
09
ca
O
(4
O
3
O
.0
111
St
e
X
w
13
o
«
o
o
<u
Fh
Pi
o
•^-i
>?;
E
o
o
<t
13
IIINDOSTAN.—CUSTOM DUTIES— BENGAL.
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+-
statement
China, t
to Europ
Seasons.
1795-96
I79fi-97
1797-98
1798-99
1799-180
1800-180
1801-2
1802-3
1803-4
1804-5
1805-6
1806-7
1807-8
1808-9
1809-10
1810-11
1811-12
1812-13
1813-14
1814-15
1815-16
1816-17
1817-18
1818-19
1819-20
1820-21
1821-22
1822-23
1823-24
1824-25
1825-26
1826-27
1827-28
1828-29
1829-30
1830-31
1831-32
1832-33
1833-34
1834-35
4
7
5
6
7
7,
10:
Enui
+- H
1. Bullion and '
2. Horses
3. Marine Store
4. Metals, wrou
•'>■ Opium .
6. Precious Stoi
7. Salt .
8. Spirituous Lii
9. Tobacco
10. Wines .
11. Woollens .'
Articles not ir
HINDOSTAN.— COMMERCE.
.361
Statement of the Opium exported from Calcutta, to
China, to the ports in the Indian Archipelago, and
to Europe, from 1795 to 1835.
Seasons.
Chests to
China.
Chests to
the Eastern
Ports.
Chests to
Western
Ports.
Total
Chests.
lV.)^-06
1070
4103
10
5183
1796-97
2387
3247
5644
1797-98
1985
1514
4
3503
1798-99
1718
1624
—
3342
1799-1800
1867
2059
—
3926
1800-1801
3224
1539
25
4788
1801-2
1744
1723
—
3467
1802-3
2033
1035
—
3068
18 03-4
2116
937
—
3053
1804-5
2322
1026
10
3358
1805-6
2131
1526
—
3657
1806-7
2607
1777
—
4384
1807-8
3084
1171
—
4255
1808-9
3223
1416
—
4639
1809-10
3074
1172
—
4246
1810-11
3592
1317
—
4909
1811-12
2788
1887
38
4713
1812-13
3328
1504
—
4832
1813-14
3213
1059
—
4272
1814-15
2999
868
5
3872
1815-16
^^,723
1120
5
3848
1816-17
3376
947
2
4325
1817-18
2911
794
3
3708
1818-19
3575
724
— '
4299
1819-20
1741
1.345
5
3091
1820-21
3591
1556
—
5147
1821-22
1936
655
—
2591
1822-23
3207
893
—
4100
1823-24
3923
1286
—
5209
1824-25
5365
1710
1
7076
182.5-26
4627
536
2
5165
1826-27
5861
707
—
6568
1827-28
7341
562
—
7903
1828-29
4903
1651
—
6554
1829-30
7443
2235
—
9678
1830-31
5672
—
—
7069
1831-32
6815
—
—
7427
1832-33
7598
—
—
9408
1833-34
7808
—
—
9518
1834-35
10207
—
'~~
10107
The eastern ports are intended to include all those
hetween the capes (Cape of Good Hope and Cape
Horn), and the western, those beyond them. This
estimate docs not show the exact quantity brought tu
China, the table being very incomplete.
Quantity of Malwa Opium exported from Bombay and
Damaun to China, from 1821 to 1836.
Chests
Chests
Total
Average
Seasons.
from
from
amount of
Bombay
Bombay.
Damaun.
Chests.
Rupees.
1821
1600
678
2278
2,024
1822
1600
2255
3855
2,007
1823
1500
1535
5535
1,764
1824
1500
2063
6063
1,288
1825
2500
1563
5563
971
1826
2500
2605
5605
1,877
1827
2980
1524
4504
1,383
1828
2820
3889
7709
1,765
1829
3502
4597
8099
1,686
1830
3720
9136
12856
1,202
1831
4700
4633
9333
1,450
1832
11000
3007
14007
1,2.50
1833
—
—
11715
—
1834
8985
2693
11678
—
1835
7337
5596
12933
1,093
1836
8224
3.500
11724.
958
It is now time to close this array of figures, which,
however monotonous, is indispensable to shew the
valuable commerce which British India carries on — a
trade which, however vast at present, is not a tithe
of what it may become by England adopting a just
and generous system towards the intelligent and
industrious myriads so mysteriously subjected to
her sway ; so long as the two countries are united
their interests are identified, and a partial or tempo-
rary benefit snatched at by the one will be certainly
succeeded by the punishment, which sooner or later
overtakes injustice.
The produce of the United Kingdom is admitted
into the ports of India at a very low rate of duty.
The following are the rates of duty chargeable on
goods the produce or manufacture of the United
Kingdom, imported by sea into Calcutta : —
'k
If
■;1
- ■■ "f
■i
--■ ■ .
■;,-i]
il i:
Rates of Duty
Dn Commerce at Calcutta
•
Enumeration of Goods.
British Bottom.
Foreign Bottom.
1. Bullion and Coin .
2. Horses ....
3. Marine Stores
4. Metals, wrought and unwrought
5. Opium
6. Precious Stones and Pearls .
7. Salt
free
free
free
free
24 rs. seer of 80 sa. wt,
free
3 rs. a md. of 82 sa.
wt.
free.
free.
2i per cent.
24 per cent.
48 rs. seer of 80 sa. wt.
free.
6 rs. a md. of 82 sa. wt. per
8. Spirituous Liquors
9. Tobacco ....
per seer
10 per cent. .
4 an. a md. of 80 sa.
wt.
seer.
20 per cent.
8 an. a md. of 80 sa. wt. per
10. Wines
11. Woollens ....
Articles not included in the above
11 items
per seer
10 per cent. .
free
24 per cent. .
.
seer.
20 per cent.
24 per cent.
5 per cent.
'ii
3 A
3«i2
HIXnOSTAN.— WT'lfillTS AND MI'ASURES, STAPLE PRODUCTS.
i
XIII. RENGAr. — IVrialitK- — .') siecas — 1 chittuck —
16 = 1 scor — 40=1 maiind.
Two mauiuLi ill use ; the factory maiind, 74 lbs. 10
07.. lO.rifiCi drs. avoirdupois ; the bazar maund, S2 lbs.
2 oz. 2.\X\ drs.
Liquid Measure. — .'i siccns — 1 chittuck, 4=1 pounh
or pice, 4 = ! seer, 40 = 1 maund, or .5 seer»=l pus-
sarep or measure, K measnres=l maund.
Grain Mrnmirc. — 1 khanuks=l rnik (or 9 lbs.
avoirdupois), 4= I paillic, 20=1 soallie, 1(5= I kahoon
(1 kahoon=10 H. niaunds.)
tors' Measure. — .T jows (or barley corns) = 1 finger,
4=1 hand, 3 = 1 span, 2=1 cubit, 4=1 fathom, 1000
= 1 coss (1 coss=l mile, 1 furlong, 3 poles and 3i
yards) .
Square Mexuiure. — 1^ cubits or hauts= 1 chittuck
(4.5 English square feet), 16=1 cottah, 20=1 biggah
(14,440 square feet), 3i=l English acre.
Gold and Silrer. — 4 punkhos=l dhan (a grain), 4
= 1 ruttij, 6i = l anna, 16=1 tolah,=224..')88 grs.
troy; or 8 rutties=l massa, 13.2W=1 mohiir.
Madras — Commereial. — Candy=20 maimds. The
candy of Madras .'iOO lbs. avoirdupois. The maund
divided into 8 vis, 320 pollams or 3200 pagodas (the
vis being divided into ."i seers), each pagoda weighing
2 oz. 3 grs. The Commercial Dictionary, from which
this statement is taken, observes: the garce=20
biiruays or candies — tiie baruay=20 maunds — the
maund=8visay or vis, 320 palliims or 3200 vara-
liuns, the varahnn weighing ,')2 j English grains;
therefore, the vis is 3 lbs. 3 oz. ; the maund, 24 lbs.
2 oz. ; the baruay, 482 lbs. ; and the garce, 964.5 Ib.s.
avoirdupois, or nearly 4 tons 6 cwt.
Measures of Capacity. — ^I'he garce corn measure
contains — 80 )iarahs=4iiO marcals, — the niarcal = 8
puddies=64 ollucks. The marcal=7r)0 cubic inches
=27 lbs. 2 oz. 2 drs. avoir, of fresh spring water ;
hence 43 ww /■<•'//.«= 1.') Winchester bushels, and the
^arce nearly 17i English quarter. Grain, when sold
by weight, 92,')6i lbs.= l garce=18 candies=12
4-5ths maunds.
Bombay — Commercial. — ] tank=2.488 drs., 72=
1 seer, 40=1 maund=28 lbs. avoirdupois.
Grain. — 2 ti|)prees=l seer, 4=1 pailie, 7 = 1 parah,
8=1 candy=1.56 lbs. 12 oz 12 drs.
Salt. — 10^ adowlies=l parah, 100=1 anna, 16=
1 rash=2,572,176 cubic inches (40 tons; the anna
weighs 2^ tons) .
Pearl Weight. —I tucka=0.208 gr., 13ii=l ruttee,
— 24=1 tank=72 grains.
Gold and Silrer. — 1 wall, 4.47.'> grs., 40=1 tolah
= 179 grains.
Long Measure. — 16 tussQ0s= 1 hath=18 English
inches; 24tussoos=) guz=27 English niches.
Liquor Measure. — The seer weighs 60 liombay ru-
pees=l lb. 8 oz.and 8^ drs., and ."iO seers=l maund.
XIV. The products of Hinilostan are as various as
they are valuable. Mr. Forbes Royle, in his interesting
and valuable botanical Indian work, justly observe-^,
" In the |)eninsula of India and in the neighbouring
island of Ceylon, we have a climate capable of pro-
ducing cinnamon, cassia, pepper, and cardamoms.
The coffee grown on the Malabar coast is of so supe-
rior a quality as to be taken to Arabia and re-exported
as Mocha cotfee. The Tinnivelly senna brings the
highest price in the London market ; and there is
little doubt that maiy other valuable products of tro-
pical countries may be acclimated, particularly as
several are already in a flourishing condition in the
botanic garden at Calcutta, such as the cocoa and
nutmeg, as well as the camphor, pimento, eajcput.
and cashew nut trees. In the Neilgheries a favourite
site might, without doubt, be found for the cinchomi
(Peruvian bark) as well as for the different kinds ol
ipecacuanha, and as the potatoe has been introduced
into almost every part of India, equal success and
considerable benelit would probably result from in-
troducing the several kinds of arrncacha so much
prized for their roots as food by the natives of South
America.
" Along the coast of the Bay of Bengal the cocoa
and areca nut palms flourish and abound, and tlie
continent every where produces indigo, cotton, tn-
bacco, sugar, and opium. The first, hardly of any
note as an Indian product 30 years ago, is now im-
ported in the largest (juantities into England. The
cotton is indigenous to India ; many provinces seem
peculiarly adapted for its culture, particularly Malwa
and those to the north-west. The tobacco brought
home by Dr. Wallich from Martaban was pronounced
by competent judges to be ecpial to the best from
America : Patna opium is preferred in China, and
that of Malwa bids fair to rival Turkey opium in the
European market. The sus^ar cane is cuUivaM in
every part of India, but very inferior sugar has hitlierto
been produced ; lately, however, a manufactory has
been established near Calna (Hurdwan), a new mine
opened in the Burdwan coal formation, and very
superior specimens of sugar sent home. Here tlie
occurrence of sugar at the surface of the soil, ami
coal only a few feet below it, in a country where
labour is so cheap, ought to be attended with decidedly
favoural)le results. If from these we tUiO our atten-
tion to other products, we shall still see that tlieie are
great capabilities every where ; we should at least
expect them, for though India is generally looked
upon as a rice country, wheat is imported into mid
sold at a profit in England, from the northern pro-
vinces ; and ,//()Mr for making starch is now one of the
annual exports from Calcutta. Of dyes, medicinal
drugs, resins, gums, and oils, there are great varieties,
and more might be successfully introduced.
" Timber of every kind is everywhere abundant, the
coasts producing teak, ebony, and many others ; the
interior, saul, sissoo, bamboos, and rattans ; while a
great variety of plants yield excellent materials for
cordage. The northern and hill provinces grow at
one season European grains, and at another thoso
which are jieculiarto the tropics, and many perennials
of both these climates succeed equally well in the
north provinces. In the hill provinces the forests are
formed of oaks and pines. The hill men make their
strongest rojies for crossing rivers with hemp, which
every where abounds, and is of the finest quality.
Opium, rhubarb, and turpentine, form articles uf
commerce, as well as musk, Thibet wool, and borax,
Irom the other kingdoms of nature. Somewhere in
the vallies at the foot of these hills, or at moderate
elevations, the more generally useful productions of
European countries might be successfully iiitroiluceil.
as the olive and hop ; the latter would be particiil.iily
beneficial, as a brewery has been established in the
hills, where the climate is excellent. Here also there
is considerable prospect of success in the cultivation
of the tea plant."
" In the cold seasons," Mr. Royle continues, "there
are cultivated (about Saharunpore) of w ■•.'i", wheat,
barley, oats, and millet ; of the leu^Um. ->', peas, beans,
vetch, tares, chick, and pigeon-peas; of cruciferw,!^
species of .tinapis (mustard) and allied genera culti-
vated for oil seeds, and of the umbellifertr, the carrot,
coriander, cummui, a species of ptychutis and /c/ii-
HINDOSTAN.— STAPLE PUOUUCTS.
3r.3
nitum pannnrium, ns well us of other tribes, tobucco,
(lax, saffluwer, and succory. Almost all tlio iisciik'nt
vcci'tahles of Kurope Rucceed ri'innrkahly well in the
cold season in India. In the rainy season, a totally
(liltVrent set of |)lant9 en!;ati;e the ai,'rifiilturist's atten-
tion, a.s rice, cotton, indip), maize; Imlnis ttorifhum,
species of jninicnm, pasiuiliini, and Hiisimr, of lr:i-u-
miiiii; species of pluisrolm and Utilirlids ; many of the
ciiriiihildci'fi', as well as scsnmiiiii and the species of
wldiiiiin for their esculent fruit." In another place,
this scientific botanist observes, " As we have seen
with perennials of other kinds, so is it with those
yieliliiif; fruit of an edible nature. Many, both of
tropical and temperate climes, succeed nearly e(|ually
well in the northern parts of India; ko that taking
Snimrunpoor garden (lat. '.iO" N., long. 77.:<2, eleva-
tiim above the sea 1,000 feet, and 1,000 miles N.W.
of Calcutta) as an example, we have collected in one
place and natnraliiied in the open air the vario\is fruit
trees of very different countries, as of India and
China, Caubul, Europe, and America. Of those be-
longing to hot countries, we have the plaintain, cus-
tard apple, shaddock, orange, lemon, guava, mango,
tamarind, and others, which are common to every
part of India. Of Chinese fruits, the Icrhcc, luqiutt,
Umsaro, wampee, flat peach and digitated citron, are
pirl'ectly naturalized. Of fruit trees from more
northern countries, as Caubul and Cashmere, and
from the hills of Europe, there are the almond, peach,
nectarine, and apricot, plum, pomegranate, grape-
vine, apple, pear, quince, mulberry, tig, and walnut.
Of useful trees of cold countries which thrive in what
is at some seasons so hot a climate, pinei, oak, mnph,
dd'S-inuhl, scrr'iri' tree, hnUij, jiivippr, mid Imx. Of
,\meriean trees, besides those first enumerated, the
lii'j;iri)(iil, miihiijanij, piirltin.wnid iinili'ntii, and arer
)ii"j:;undiHm, may be instanced as perfectly naturalized.
(See large edition of the " lli>-tiiry of the Colonies"
for a minute description of the principal forest trees
of India.)
huli'^o, from time immemorial, has been cultivated
and manufactured in Ilindostan, and in U'lfi.') it was
one of the exports from India to Kugland. The E. I.
{-'ompany's servants turned their attention to it about
40 years ago, and its successful prosecution has been
prin(Mpally owing (after the circumstance of the de-
struction of St. Domingo, which, previous to its
revolution, supplied nearly the whole world) to the
small duty levied on its importation into Kugliuid,
the dutv at first being little more than nominal: in
1812, 1*./. per lb. ; in 1H!4, 'Ji/. ; and in \KV1, 'Ml.
per lb. Its importance to India may be judged of
from the fact, that in the Bengal I'nsidency the culti-
vation of indigo is carried on from Dacca to Delhi,
occupying upwards of I,O0O,n0O statute acres, yield-
ing an annual produce worth from 2,000,000/. to
;},000,000/. sterling, whereof one-half, or perhaps
more, is expended in India for rent, stock, wages,
interest on capital, &c. There are from 300 to 400
factories in Bengal, chiefly in Jessore, Kishnagur, and
Tirhoot. The factories are principally held by Eu-
ro|)eans ; but many natives have factories of their
own, and in several instances produce indigo equal to
any manufactured by Europeans.
Niimhcr of Indt^o Factories in the several Districts under tlie B igat I'rosidoncy ; also, the Nnmlier of Rnroneari liidiffo
Planters, Proprietors of Estates, and tlie Number ot Kuropoaii Assistants resident in the several Districts under tlie
Honnal Government. — lH:):i.
§.;
0-c
5 (3
OlstrlcU.
= r
S Z
3 r.
^£
1st Division :
Soliarnnporc ..
—
—
—
MnzuffL'rniiggur ..
—
—
—
Meirut
2
1 1
Bohimdslichoor ..
3
~~'
2
2nd Division
Aerra
—
3
Alliglmr
_
—
—
3rd Division :
Farruckabad
10
—
5
Mynpooree ..
5
3
Etawah
.
__
4tli Division :
Moradaliad . .
;i
1 1
NnK'eena
—
_ 1
5th Division :
1
Barcilly
()
—
4 !
Sliajehanpore
-.
—
— 1
Phillililicet ..
_ 1
6lli Division ;
North liundlecund. .
—
Cawnpore ..
12
fi
Helati
nil Division :
Soutli Bundlecund..
S
__
I'nttelipore ..
4
2
3
Allahabad . .
2y
.5
8th Division :
Uenares
1.5
__
9
Mirzapore . .
25
S
9
Districts.
Jiianpore
Pth Division:
Ciorucl<i)ore ..
Azimijlinr
(ihazeepore . .
intli Division :
Sariin..
,S>ialiab:ul
Tirhoot
Utli Division :
I'atim..
Iti'har . .
Kain^lnir
latli Division :
Hliaugulpore ..
Mongliyr
Maldah
Puriieah
i:ith Division:
Diiiagcpore ..
HuMBporc
Rajishaye . .
Piibnah
Huifirah
1-lth Division ;
Moiirshedabad
Hecrbliooin . .
Nuddeah
l.'ith Division :
Mymcosing . .
The low price which indigo now brings in Europe
IS diminishing the quantity produced, the exportation
^nine years l)eing y,000,000 lbs. ; the recent failures
m India will tend to bring the trade within more
a
a
a ;,
« er'
d, z
a. -
o-t.
c.i
C2
^1
6<
A
50
6
11
!)
3
22
2
5
:i5
8
(i
m
13
12
l:t
1
H
4S
5
4:i
6
=
1
4
;t2
11
17
S
7
24
3
65
8
12
3
-
2
-
U9
19
3H
IB
4
7
35
IR
7
1
—
58
19
18
—
—
Districts.
; Sliereporc , .
Tipperah
Dacca Jchahiore
Dacca..
Hitli Division :
Arrakan
CluttaKong ..
Noacolly
17tii Division :
Assam
I N. K. Kungpore
Syllict..
IHth Division :
Sul). of Calcutta
24 Pcrgunnalis
Havaset
Uackergunge
Jessore
19tii Division :
Midnaporc ..
Ualasure
Cuttack
20tli Division :
Iliirdwan
Jungle Mehals
Hooghly
Total Factories . .
Total Europeans
i.
-• o
U a.
. o
c ^
3
7
74
10
.1
2
4
63
24
8
22
H<)ii;il9
3
2
2
30
6
4
154
473
profitable limits. The cultivation of Indigo in Madras
is trifling. Tliere is little or none prepared in the
Bombay Presidency. The Indigo produced aniumlly
in the East Indies from IHll was ; —
;
, 'I,
i|:4'
• . ■
t.
II
!■ 1
3C4
HINDOSTAN.— STAPLF, PRODUCTS.
Il^
>
s
S
1 .
i >.
s
>•
Chests.
i
i
>•
U
1811
21000
1818
' 10100
182.')
4:1500 I
I8:i2
1612
assoo
181!)
2i'roii
1820
28000 '
i8:in
IHl.l
2'.'800
1820
2; -."Ml
1827
45:I0(I 1
18:14
1H14
■J8.'>00
1821
21100 1
1828
:)oooo
18:15
1HI.5
:ior>oo
1822
25700 1
182!)
i;<200 I
I8:l6
1HI«
2,1000
I82;l
2!)800 1
i8:io
:t2lon '
; 1837
1817
2UJfl»
1
1824
1
24100!
1 1
I8:ii
MUOOO
1
The quantity of Indigo imported, in 1P34, was
4, !.'■>,'), agfi lbs. ; re-oxportcd, 3,<):JH,22(; lbs.; borne use,
2,447,827 lbs. Ih:<:'>, imported, 4,lfiy,;<<)') lbs.; re-
exported, 4,074, :')!I8 lbs. ; home use, i>,,''>'.H),r.or> lbs.
IHSC), imported, 7,710,ri44 lbs. ; re-exported, 3,Ciyi,y51
lbs. ; home use, 2,H in,3;)8 lbs.
The price of indigo per chest in London was, in
1824, 111/.; in 182.'), 140/.; and in 1831 but 4,1/. ;
the supply now exceeds the demniid, at least in Eur-
land ; but the consumption of Bcniinl indigo is fast
augmenting in France, llullnnd, Germany, &c,
silk districts of Hengal arc, Radnagore, Flurripnul,
Santipore, Cossimhnznr, Uauleah, Coniercolly, Siirdi.li^
Jungypore, Mauldab, Hungpoor, Suiuui-Meekhi, mid
(ionnatea, nil between the |)arHllels of lat. 22" and
2(i", and long. SC)" to !»0''.
'I'lie superior quality of Italian silk does not de-
monstinte natural inferiority in that of India, for
bales of K. 1. to which attention has been ])oid linve
sold equally well with Italian silk. Etfoits are now
making in the Bombay Presidency to extend the pro-
(hietion of raw silk, and the commencement promises
success ; we may therefore look forward to a period
when we shall be totally independent of every other
country for the raw staple of this essential and benii-
tifnl branch of our national manufactures.
Cnttiiti, a staple of Indian Agriculture and of British
manufactures, well deserves attentio-i, were it only
lor the important circumstance that our chief branch
of trade is almost totally dependent on a rival, (and
with little provocation) perhaps a hostile state. The
importation of American cotton into Kngland is nearly
:<00, 000,000 lbs. yearly, that of India not the imi:
Silh forms the next most important staple of India, [ tirrnlieth part of British consumption. If we can he
and in conjunction with the former, its production in
our own territories is of essential advantage to silk
and tabbinet manufacturers in England. The total
quantity of raw silk imported into England for 1834
was 3,6'J3,.'J12 lbs.; and the quantity furnished by
British India alone to England in the same year was
1,203, (".58 lbs.
Three sjiecies of mulberry trees are cultivated in In
made independent of France and America for indigo
and silk, so can we become also of cotton, India pro-
ducing in itself every variety ; the justly celebrated
sea island cotton is actually in cultivation in several
parts of India, but owing to neglect it degenerates
into an annual, whereas in America it is carel'idiy
cultivated as a triennial plant. The Dacca muslins,
so celebrated all over the globe, (and of which the
dia, and two species of silk-worm (the country worm, manufacture is now lost, owing to the inundation of
and the annular Italian, or Chinese worm); the latter j Manchester goods), were made from India cotton,
feeds also on the castor oil plant leaf. The silk is j „„,! jt n^, i^tc duty had been kept on American raw
produced in cocoons by the ryots or small culti- cotton, sufficient encouragement would have been
vators, to whom the E. I. Company's agents make I pjvrn to the Hindoos to attend to its cultivation, as
advances; and the Company have 11 or 12 filatures | jt is we have not only ruined the Indian manul'ac-
or large factories for reeling it with machinery on the | turer, but in return we have offered no encoiiriige-
simple Italian principle. The tionatea is the best, I n,e„t to the raw producer. The cotton grower in
the Bauleah the worst. The price of silk has risen in i,„|in ,)„„i,t to be stimulated to greater efforts on
India with the wages of labour, and some manufac- { oxamining the consumption of cotton wool in Eiig-
turers say the (piality has deteriorated ; probably . ij^^j .
quantity has been more attended to than ciuality. The \
Total quantities of Cotton Yarn
produced and consumed in Great Britain and exported.
CONSUMED AT HO.ME.
EXPORTED.
>
Cotton
Consumed.
Yarn
Produced.
Annually.
Russia and
Ports in the
Baltic.
Ocrmany,
Belgium and
Holland.
France, Spain,
Portuj^al, and
Northern Ports
in the
Mediterranean.
Africa and
N. its.
America.
India,
CliiiiH,
and ihe
E. Inlands.
Totals.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
1818..
109902000
98911800
841t)H125
591:1691
79:17234
876957
13932
I861
1474.1()7i
1819.-
109518000
98.-)fi(t200
8O48O79O
3779544
13121637
1157.593
22665
971
1808:^410
1820..
12O'J(i5000
1082;)8500
85206175
9060052
1 1 M59802
2n,'i945 1
22009
1011
2:!03'.i3-J5
1821..
1-29029000
1|61'j6100
95.'-.997:il
4H15114
14819820
1S63340
21674
6421
2152(i;ifi!)
1822..
14.')49:)ooo
1:1094:1700
104348232
49I86I9
1871)4070
2S38828
20673
23278
265954(18
1823..
15ll4(illO0
1387:11400
11135-2414
7118497
16694715
3183204
29035
1235:15
27378986
1824..
Ifi.') 174000
1486.'>(if)00
115051090
12304:173
16497594
4li52063
45616
105t.64
33605510
1825..
lf)<iK:<looo
150147900
1 1 7501)296
9:169:133
19721419
3261078
51408
2:15366
326110114
1826..
150213000
13.') 191 700
9:liU2179
123S0188
22160331
6671463
477:12
9I9807
42i;(|.V.)|
1827. •
197200000
I77J8O0OO
134133368
11481650
23225400
5675140
17"r97
2793645
4:i3ld(i:l'i
1828..
2I7H6000O
196071000
152H31I18
14 8385 15
I8I69935
58-26280
222872
4185280
43242SS2
1829..
219200000
197280000
1367 178 11
17564062
31262142
H20:i;ih6
636274
2896:125
6056'J1K()
1830..
247600000
2-22840000
159161884
17855541
29718184
11485195
327483
4-291713
63678116
1831..
262700000
2:i(>-i:iO(ioo
174h6s846
14:152638
28023322
1079-.>:i84
1689155
670:1655
615611.54
1833. .
2;fi90fl0()0
249210000
1746(6808
20516822
:l94796rt6
7805977
1443534
5:117193
74563l!)2
1833..
287000000
258300000
191820980
19416895
34853812
6160239
1402311
4615733
66479(120
1834..
30:1000000
272700000
191364441
18033642
39248959
171796:14
1392892
5180432
8I3355,'!)
1835..
326407692
22164377
41777.522
9:121609
1 I88O68
8471879
8:l22()4.')5
1836..
363684232
..
20231059
45-207893
11305903
I46938S
9972545
8818679:1
18.37-.
Cotton goo
^ .A
1815...
I8I6.. .
I8I7...
1HI8...,
ISI9...,
IH-JO
1821....
1822....
1823
1824. ..
IS-.'5....
1.S-.'6....
IH-.'7....
H2H....
1829...,
18:10,,..
1831....
1832....
18:13....
18:11...,
1835....
1836
1837.,..]
48
65
As the SI
attention to
elcaiiiiig and
iiii|iortation
coupled with
Knst.
That Engia
the cotton tr
markets, at a
practised — th
the Hindoo, a
Englishman is
hefore the Pi
spinner by mi
at one-fourth
quantity of \
wages of the f
per day.
Mr. Kennei
by figures, wh
duties in Engli
was less liable
of the rapid fal
Cniiiparisnn ol
Britain and li
to 250, an
40
200
60
175
80
150
lUO
140
120
125
150 1
loo
200
075
250 1
050
HINDOSTAN.— STAPLK FROnUCTS.
.If..)
Hurripniil,
Dlly.Siirdi.li,
Weckhi, nnd
lat. aii" and
nrs not di--
)f India, for
Ml |)nid linvc
)its art' now
end the pro-
cnt promises
1 to II piriod
i"Vi'i'y otlier
ial nnd hi'ini-
'S.
md of Tkitish
were it only
' chief hrnncii
a rival, (nnd
state. The
;lniid is nearly
not the nni'-
I f we can he
rica for indi2;o
m, India pro-
tly ceU'hratcd
ion ill several
t degenerates
it is carefully
)ncca muslins,
, of which the
inundation of
India cotton,
Anierieaii raw
lid have heen
cultivation, as
dinn nianufac-
110 encourns^e-
ton grower in
iter elt'orts on
wool in I'Jig-
tcd.
cotton goods and cotton twlut exported from Great Britain
to India and China, since iHi.t.
Totals,
Ills.
isnss4iii
2;io3'.';i-J.')
•il.VJftlfil)
•Jt)5lt,'i4(i8
nitiiori.MO
;).'()ii(i04
4'ii7!i.vii
4;ui4liii:i'2
4;l'.M'JS«-i
filLlfclS!)
fi;i(i7Hll6
fil.'i(ill.'i4
;4.'i(i;ll!)'2
(it)4r!iO'io
8l;l:l.i5.^!)
H;liJaii4.''.'i
8si8fi;!):'
|3
ii
>
White or
Printed or
Plain
Manu-
Dyed
Mann-
Total.
Cotton
Twist.
facture!.
factures.
Yards.
Yardn.
Yards.
lbs.
ISl.t....
ui:i4im
(1111800
ms'208
H
ISIIi.. ..
48!);t!l!)
m)(ici77
l:t,'i:ii7(5
isi;
7l4fill
!I91I47
170S7.'.H
fiJl
IHIH.. ..
•Jll)8ir24
2H487i).'i
.■i;llli7'2!)
27111
ISID
4(il4:IHI
4'2'27(l().'i
8K4'20I()
iHlil
IH'Jd
:i4 until)
.S7UUiUl
;rj7(j(ii
1)71
idji
67'240,ll
7fini'.>4,'i
I4;t2S27(i
221
18-.".'....
IX.IMIMfi
•.•i)7flH7rt
lysiifioii
.18li,S
irtj;i.. ..
Il7l'i«;l»
!)(i'J!)-20l
2074184:1
22200
IS'.M. ..
l:)75ll!r2l
SWIOHUI
2;r.",)l734
121. -.00
ls•.'.^
Kr.lHJl.l
!)()6liii58
2t.')'2457:l
10,1:15(1
IS'.'t)....
14214s!)t;
HHI4;lH7
2:iosij2h:i
2:1.1:1(11)
i8'j;
KilMKiliOl
lO-JlHSO-j
2(i2J,"ilii:i
9i<i;i87
H'JH....
a478ti,')4ll
r.'!)(i'27li.".
;t774i|:iO,'i
30():is,'i(i
18-2!)
a7i>()8i7l'
I04y8t)i)ii
a7.-i()()7at)
4.'-.4!)Jiy
I8;l0
. .
;i!)7:t;ii)!iH
:il8,'.ii:iil
IHItl....
. .
. .
&:2 1/9844
149499s
lH:f2....
l!i;i;).,..
IMS,...
484'28fl4.1
M.''ilifi444
62()!)448i»
82^,1124
lrt;tf)....
654yiU3S
2i(iuyuui
8710UIKI(i
ea(J033a
183,-....
As the surest means of inducing a more careful
attention to India cotton, both in the cultivation,
cleaning and packing, a removal of the entire duty on
importation into Kiigland would he most ctrectual,
coupled with an absence of all transit dues in the
Kast.
That England has nothing to fear from admitting
the cotton manufactmes of the Hindoos to British
umrkcls, at a justcr rate of reciprocity than is now
innctised — that is 'M)l. per cent, in Kngland, against
the Hindoo, and but •2h per cent, in India, against the
F.nglishman is evident, from Mr. Kennedy's statement
hcforc the Parliamentary Committee, viz. that one
spinner by machinery, in Britain, will produce yarn
at one-fourth the price that it costs for the same
(piantity of workmanship in India, supposing the
wages of the former to be Is, Hil. and of the latter 2d.
per day.
Mr. Kennedy's statement was thus corroborated
hy rigiires, which shew that, in addition to onerous
duties in Kngland on the Hindoo weaver, the latter
was less liable to contend with the former, by reason
of the rapid fall of English prices.
CniiipKrlsnn of the cost of labour in prodHcinj; yarns In
Britain and India, for one pound weight, from No. 40
to 250, and likewise of the value of the labour
and material combined.
Ilaijks spun
per day in
both per
spindle.
BRITISH.
INDIAN.
No.
d
1
C
a
.0
2
i/i
u
1
5
3
2
4J
.?. rf.
.i.d.
.S-. rf.
rf.
s. rf.
,1. rf.
40
200
1 Ii
1
2 ()
3
3 4
3 7
tio
175
2 U
1 6
3 6
3*
,5 8i
d
80
1,50
2 2
2 2
4 4
4J
8 104
9 3
IIIO
140
2 4
2 10
.5 2
5
11 11
12 4
120
I2S
2 6
:i 6
(i
S
16
la 5
150
loo
2 10
a 6
9 4
6
25
25 fl
200
075
3 4
16 H
20
6
44 7
45 1
HO
050
4
31
3S
8
83 4
84 n
[Kennedy, 499'2.]
Comparative prices of English and Indian Cotton
Yarns, in the years 1812 and 1H3(), per thread of one
mile, ctpial to about two hanks of yarn.
No.
English Prices.
Indian I'riccs,
1812.
1830.
1812 and 1830.
d.
d.
</.
■I'.(
H
0]
•■ik
00
Ii
OJ
-'»
HO
I ."-.-IGth
0*
2*
100
It
13-ir.th
3
120
1 3-lfith
I3-lC.tb
H
f.O
Ii
I
4 I-lf.th
200
-'if
I*
."'i!
2.-.0
3^
•2i
8
Sugar may be cultivated and manufactured to an
extent in India sullicient to supply the whole world ;
its production at present is immense, as it forms an
ingredient in almost every article of food or drink
used by the Hindoos, and where the manufacture is
attended to as at Benares, the grain is large and
sparkling and pure as the best Mauritius orDemernra
sugar. The soil and climate of Bengal, Madras, and
Bombay are peculiarly suited to the production of
this essential nourishment to man ; every village has
its patch of cane, and a rough manufacture named
.Ids^lieri/ is extracted from the Palmyra and cocoa-nut
tree. It is in evidence before Parliament, that the
sugar cane of Bengal is as good as any of the West
Indies, and some of a superior quality has been
produced In the Appendix, page 2, will be found
the quantities of sugar exported from the K. I. pos-
sessions since 181(i.
Coffee next deserves consideration as an Indian
staple, and which like the last article only requires
just treatment in England to becniiie one of the most
valuable exports. In Malabar, Colmbatore, &c. the
cultivation is extensive, and the berry of the finest
Havour when attended to in the drying. Upper Ben-
gal and the territories acquired from the Burmese,
lire peculiarly adapted for the growth of coffee.
The following returns shew the quantity of coffee
imported from the Kast Indies into Great Britain, —
re-exported and retained for home use for l.") years;
the return includes Ceylon, avg. 2,824,9118 lbs. Sin-
gapore, 3,(Ul,4.')fi lbs. Mauritius, 2('i,Ci4r) lbs. S:c.
From Bengal, Madras and Bombay alone for 1831,
2,780,G(;8 lbs.
East India CofTee (includinpr Mauritius in 1835 and 1836)
Imjjorted into the United Kingdom.
■0
.
a
01
[/)
9
u
s
X
i
i
a
V
k
a
<U
»
a
ZJ
a
u
a
u
s
>>
a:
>
a
s
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
1 820
5497721
4307370
28-945
1829
()335(i47
717411)9
97457B
1821
1904021
352«5(jl)
20(il77
18:10
70fi()l 99
5187S()()
989585
1822
4487859
3599814
171717 'IH31
7ti9l39»
()525417
1234721
1823
4114289
2129111
235ti!)7
1832
10727021!
9715:124
197"<)35
IH24
57(101112
4718389
313513
I833J 1)218299
399t)097
18fll50fi
1825
4513290
2()78930
457745
1834: 9951141
()3035()2
15()00y8
182!) 5520354
51)70077
791570
,1835, 711)7914
211 11)881
5591)791
1K27 .')8725ll
4t!S5104
888 198
'183(il 990O7IO
3t)22895
741272.^
1S28
7380492
,5084910
973410
lt)37
9950005
1330255
9205634
(■■:
HE
1^
( :
J' ■
.. M
^'.
■MC, HINDOSTAN— STAl'LK PRODUCTS
It will be perciMvcd by the foregninK. tliat of late
years the iniportofion (if Kiist Iniiiii imIRt in on the
increase, still there is a gnat defalcation conipiu'i'd
with IHlfi and Ifilfi, when the Importation of cofTic
l>y tlif prinilf tradi- anion tited in two yiai^ f,,
i:t,;iMl,47H lbs.
Quantity of Op
ium* annually exported from India to China for 18 years
No. of Chests
AvcrnRP Price per
Sale Value of onch
"s-g
N
Iinjiorted.
Chest in Spanish
Dollars.
Kind ill Spanish
Dollars.
11
o
D
Pntna and
Iknares.
Mahva.
I'atna and
Benares.
Malwa.
Pntna and
Benares.
Malvvn.
S3
J=
iHin
2rilO
CiOO
1 200
87 5
3132000
525000
3210
3657000
1817
2")30
iir.o
12 (■>.')
(il2
3200450
703800
3680
3904250
1818
30:>()
l.'>3()
1000
725
3050000
1109250
4510
415925(1
I8iy
2'J70
Ui.'iO
1235
1175
3(167950
1915250
4600
5583200
1820
3or)0
1 720
1900
1515
5795000
2605800
4770
8400800
I8:il
2910
1718
2075
1325
6038250
2276350
4628
8314600
1822
1822
4000
1552
1290
2828930
5160000
4822
798H930
1823
2910
4172
If.OO
925
4656000
3859100
7082
8515100
1824
26:).')
fiOOO
1175
750
3119625
4500000
8655
7619625
1825
3442
f.l79
913
723
3141755
4464450
9621
7608-.'0.-i
I82G
3f)(;i
(;3()8
1002
942
3668565
5941520
9969
961008-.
1827
.M34
4401
998
1204
5125155
5299920
9535
10425075
1828
.'■)9C>r)
7701
940
9fi8
5604235
69288S0
13132
12533115
1829
7843
(;8")7
HCiO
8(;2
6149577
5907580
14000
12057157
1830
fif.fiO
12100
870
588
5790204
7114059
18760
12!ict263
1831
.'i9.'')0
82G.'-.
—
—
5682010
5818574
14225
11. ( ,)5m4
1832
82f)7
1.'.403
—
6551059
8781700
23670
15:;:;:;759
1833
9.'')34
11715
*~"
6089634
7916971
21250
!40n6605
* The quantity of opium shipped from Calcutta in 1795-6, was 1,070 chests, and in 1829-30,7,41:!
chests. The total quantity of opium exported from Calcutta during the former year was 5,183 chests, and
during the latter, 9,678 chests; the grand total exported during the whole 35 years was 162,273 chests,
which, at the average rate at which it sold, 1,200 dollars a chest, would give a trade in this stimulating
drug of nearly two hundred million Spanish dollars !
Malwa opium is considered by the Chinese as
having a higher touch, but not so mellow, nor so
pleasant in flavour as the Patna opium. The
smokcable extract which each (piality of opium con-
tains is thus intimated by the Chinese, — (who use
opium as we do wine or spirits) I'atna and Benares
opium 45 to 50 touch ; avg. 48 ; Malwa 70 to 75 ;
avg. 72i ; Turkey 53 to 57 ; avg. touch 55. The
cultivation of opium in India, as explained under the
chapter in revenue, is a monopoly as regards Patna and
Benares in the hands of Government ; and a revenue
is derived from the Malwa opium by a system of
passes on shipment from Bombay.
Estimate of Quantity and Total Value of Indian Opium
con!:umed in China during tlie 6 Years ending in 183^.33.
Patna.
Benares
Malwa.
Total.
Years.
Chests.
Chests.
Chests.
Chests.
Amount.
S. Rs.
1827 28
4006
1128
4401
9535
10,425,075
1828-a9
4831
1130
nn
13132
12,533.215
1829 31)
.'>,'>64
1579
6857
14000
12,057,157
18311-31
.■iOSS
1.575
12100
18760
12,904,263
1831-32
4442
1518
8263
14225
11,501,584
1832-S3
6410
1880
15403^
236U3i
15,352,429
Pepper is another valuable India staple, but its
import from the East has considerably fallen oft", the
importations of 1815 and 1816, being 1 7,863,847 llis.,
and in 1827 and 1828. bvit 14,045,868 lbs. being a
decrease of nearly 4,000, v.t lbs. weight
Saltpetre is yielded by the Indian soil in greater
abundance than any other country, its importation
into England by the East India Company in 1814,
was 146,000 cwt., but the continuance of jica^e lias
much lessened both the price and consumption ; buth
are now again on the rise, but the price is .still so low
that the saltpetre collected in the East is now heing
brought to fertilize the fields of Albion. The iinport
of late years of saltpetre from Bengal has been aliout
100,000 bags, but the total quantity exported from
Calcutta, has averaged 170,000 bags, while in the
year 1795, it did not amount to more than 13,000
bags. The total quantity exported from Calcutta
during the thirty-five years ending 1829 30, was
2,202,465 bags, of which the United Kingdom received
1,523,655 bags; North America, 278,895 bags;
France, 101,237 bags; and China, 1,333,615 bags.
The Tobacco of Masulipatam, made into snuli', is
much prized in England ; the quantity of tobacco
grown in India is enormous ; every class, high and
low, use it, and if the duty were reduced in England,
the variety of soils in India would attbrd an infinite
variety of that fascinating weed for the British market.
Very rich lands producd about 160 lbs. per acre of
green leaf; excellent Havannah tobacco is grown in
Guzerat, Boglipoor, Bundlecund, &c., and sonic troin
IIINDOSTAN.— STAPLE I'KODUCTS AND PROPft.R.
the IriRwaddy territories Iibh been roportrd by the
brokiTs ill l.oniloii m o(ninl to tbi' bi>st Arncrirnn
The wnnt of proin'r iitti'iition in tbc ciirin;: iins been
a great l>b^tl\l■lt' to its luiivinn in r nmrlM'tnblL' stiitr
in Kiif;lHiiil Kt'i'"' « '<»ni? Kiist liulinn voNauc Tuliarco,
lilio hay, niuRt iiiulorRo a ht-iitiii;? to lie (If lor iisu,
unil the slit;littst pnrtirlo of Rrctm vi'ui'UihIc matter
left in tlie tol)iu:co bents mi tlie voyii;;i', ili'slniys llie
(Ifliinte Hnvoiir of tbe leiif, miil even rots it. Kxperi-
iiients nre now Tniikinc nt Honilmy in the eiiriii!.': pro-
cess. Tlie duty on I'.. 1. tobaeeo iniubt, wifbout loss
to tbe revenue, be reduced from 2<. 'M. to 2.1. nt leiist.
drain is one of tbe staples of lieiiKRl ; the total
riiaiitity of grain exported from Calcutta to countries
hi'viiiid the three Presidencies, amounted during' tbe
thirty-tive years, ending lH2!»-30, to 12,:trir),.")7l bnj;s ;
for tin' latter years tbe export bas been on the in-
crease, averasiuK fiOO.OOO bags a year, and of this
quantity Mauritius bas of late taken nearly imi'-lmlf,
for iii.stnnce in 1HJ8-L>y, Xi2,i:iC> bags. Great Britain
has received, during the whole thirty-five years,
l,730,y'JH liags; and the export to France is yearly
increasing.
Tea of excellent quality, rated by tlie London
brokers at I.v. lOd. per lb., '.vliicb is ecjual to the
Chinese Congo, is now being prepared in Assam, and
will doubtless ere long be a large and valuable article
of export.
Silkworms are found in Bengal, and towards the
iioith of I'oonuh in the Dekhan (see Dr. K ixburgb's
paper on the silkworms of liengal, in tbe seventh
volume of the Transactions of tbe Linmean Society ;
and Colonel Sykes' account of the Kolisurra silk-
worms in the Oekbaii, Transactions of tbe Royal
Asiatic Society, vol, iii. p. 541, &c.)
Iron, copper, lead, antimony, plumbago, zinc, sul-
phur, silver and gold, together with inexhaustible
8ii|)|)lies of coal, abound in various parts of tbe coun-
try. Boglipoor district is peculiarly rich in iron;
aiid about Pointy and Siccary Gully, very large
mines have been \\orked in formei times : the ore is
iio'lulnr, and yields from twenty to twenty-five per
cent. iron. The Sylhet bills produce in tbe greatest
abundance tine granular iron ore like sand. At a
meeting of the Bengal Asiatic Society, 2()tb February
1H33, specimens of copper ore from Nellore, were
presented on the part of Mr. Kerr. The mines ap-
pear to lie to the northward of the Pennar river, 30
miles N. N. W. of Nellore, and thirty-seven west
from the sea, near a village called Ganypenta in
Arrowamith's map. Coal (see Geology) is now raised
in Bnrdwan in considerable cpiantities, and it is pre-
ferred for the steam vessels at Calcutta, to European
or New South Wales coal, in consequence of its not
so soon filling the flues, owing to the pureness of the
bitumen and the superior quality of the gas.
A coal mine now working at Cbirra Poonjee pro-
duces a mineral, which docs not leave one-fourtb as
much ashes as tbe liurdwan coal ; tbe strata are
nearly horizontal, requiring no pumps or machinery
for drainage ; it is delivered at the Sanatarium at
400 lbs. weight for \s. Tbe coal now worked is of
the slaty kind, specific gravity 1.447, containing vola-
tile matter, 36 ; carbon, 41 ; and a copious white ash,
'.'3 = 100; seams of a superior coal, from two to four
feet thick, have been more recently discovered
contiguous to abundance of excellent iron ore.
Coal has been recently discovered at Fatephfir
(Nerbudda) which showed near the surface; water
separated on a sand heat, 3.5 ; volatile matter
not inflammable, 10.5 ; charcoal fixed, 22 ; earthly
residue red, r>4— 100. Spociii
at the mines on the Kosyn or
composition volatile mnffpr or
coke, do. 7 ; enrthy impurities,
exceedingly small). Tbe coal U
3f.7
ravity «' t HOftI worked
■o«!iy»l hills, 1. 'S;
n, Se .^i pur' '■ I or
1 KW) (the h w
id near llurrt win
the lliin'ilaya moiintniiis, has n ipecittc urSVii / of
I. '.)fif<, composition volatile matter, 3.^.1 ; carbon, .lO;
ferrii!;iiious ash, 11.('>=100; coal found in Arrn(!nn,
spceitic gravity, 1.30H ; gives out bitumen and gas on
Ignition ; composition, volatile matter, much fifi,4 i
carbon, 33 ; ash, Ci -loo.
'I'lie iron ore found in the south of India is excel-
lent. Mr. Heath is now producing excellent iron
near Madras. The Iliiimlnya mines supply, chietly,
varieties of red iron ore, affording from thirty to sixty
per cent of metal. Near Kalsi, on the Jumna, there
IS an extensive bed of specular iron ore ; red hema-
tite, associated with micacioiis iron ore, occurs in a
large bed in gneis at Dhaniakat. At Rhamghur, on
tbe road from Bliamouri to Almorah, there are beds
of the scaly red iron ore, also in gneis ; compact red
iron ore occurs in clay-slate, containing beds of lime-
stone nt Katsari, on the Rlinmgangn. In some places
a brown ore of tbe bydadit species, containing man-
ganese, and alVordiiig a superior steel, is found. Bog-
lipoor district is peculiarly rich in iron, and about
I'oiuly and Siecary Gully, very large iron mines have
been worked in former times ; tbe ore is nodular, and
yields from twenty to twenty- five per cent. iron.
The Sylhet bills produce in tbe greatest abundance
fine granular iron ore like sand. Copper mines are
worked at Dbanpur, Dhobri, Gangoli, Sirn, Pokri,
Khari, and Slior Gurang. The ore found in the
Dhaupur mine is gray copper ore, which affords from
thirty to fifty per cent, of copper ; it is associated with
malachite, or green carbonate of copper. Tbe ores
are contained in a compact red-coloured dolomite ;
hence mining operations can be carried on without
the expense of wooden frame-work or masonry, The
Pokri mine or mines, are situated in talc slate of a
loose texture, and hence tbe working is more diffi-
cult. The ores are vitreous and purple copper, both
of them rich in copper. The waters Hewing from
tbe mine are impregnated with sulphate of copper or
blue vitriol. The Sira and Gangoli mines are situated
in beds of indurated talc, which are enclosed in dolo-
mite. Sometimes the one, sometimes the other
rock, form the walls of the mine. The iron is yellow
copper or copper pyrites, mixed with iron pyrites and
smaller portions of gray copper ore. The Khari and
Shor Gurang mines are similarly situated, the ores
are gray copper, yellow copper, or copper pyrites, and
carbonate of copper. Mines exist to the northward
of the Pennar river, thirty-six miles N. N. W. of Nel-
lore, and thirty-seven west from the sea, near a vil-
lage called Ganypenta, in Arrowsmith's map. Tbe
copper ore prevails over a considerable tract of coun-
try ; it consists of malachite, and of black anhydrous
oxide of copper, with red and yellow ochre imbedded
in micaceous schist. The ore differs from the Eng-
lish coppers essentially, in being free from iron
pyrites and other deteriorating ingredients, as lead,
antimony, sulphur, &c , which make that ore difficult
to purify, whereas tbe Nellore ore becomes quite
pure by simple smelting. A specimen of reduced
metal sent with the ores to the Asiatic Society is of
a very fine colour and highly malleable. On analy-
zing the ore, it was found to contain carbonic acid,
16-8; black oxide copper, 60-75; red oxide iron,
19-4; silica and loss, 3-05 = 100. Four different
varieties examined by the secretary, contained from
!■!
t" "
(■• :
"j:-m
:<riH
IIINDOSTAN.— STAPLK l'ROntl("rs AND PHOl'F.llTY.
H '
thirteen to forty-srvon per ii-iit. of red oxidi- of iron
mill HJItx. /.('(/(/, — 'I'hc mostt prodiictivi- of tlicsc
niiiu's me xituiitrd on tin- river ToiiNf, near Diyriili
Doon; 'I'hc ore (ii tine ^rnnulitr KKlenii) Ih found in
clay-iilate und cliiy-iinu'.stone, It wouhl he tedioUH
to |inrti('idari/.e otiier productions; two Imvc heen
recently diseovered. A native sulpliate of nlinninn
olitained from the aluniinouH rocivs of Nepal, used hy
the native doctors to cure uireen wounds or l)ruises,
yieldiiiK, on analysis, sulplmte of aluniiiiH, <.).'*> ; perox-
ide of iron, M ; silex, 1 ; loss, 1 — 100; and a native
sulphate of iron is procured from the hills of Heluir,
nml used hy the ilyers of I'atnn, yieldnic; sulphate of
iron, .'iy ; peroxide of irot), 'M't ; inni;nesiu, U.'t ; loss,
'2 — loo. These two minerals, tlie natural produe-
tions of Nepal and Heliar, may he had in the lart^est
{(uantities, and would he found extremely useful in
the mnniifaeture of Prussian hlue, calico printing and
dyeing. Common salt (muriate ol soda). — Carhonate
of soda and nitrate of potash oeeur in many districts
forming the salt, soda, and nitre soils, A salt lake,
twenty miles long hy one aiul a half hroad, is situate
near Samher at U.ijpoot Town, in latitude 2Ci.,^3 ,
and longitude 74. .'>7.; it sup|)lies a great portioTi of
the neighhouring country with salt on the drying up
of the lake after the rains. In lierur there is a salt
lake, called Loonnr, lying in a sort of cauldron of
rocks; it contains in the 100 parts, muriate of soda
20; muriate of lime, 10; muriate of magnesia, fi.
Notron and soda lakes are said to occur in the Hima-
laya range. Towards the sources of the Indus salt
lakes were ohserved hy Mr. (Jerard at Ki.OOO feet
elevation ahovc the sea, and there is an extensive
salt mine in the Punjauh.
The valuahle diamonds and other precious stones
found in (iolconda, in Orissa, in Rundleeund, Kc,
require no detailed notice. Silver ore, of a rich cpm-
lity, is ohtaincd in dill'erent places. Gold is found in
the heds of most rivers, particularly in Neilgherries ;
but it exists in ahundance in the state of ore in Ma-
labar. This precious metal has heen discovered not
only in Coimbatore, but throughout that tract of the
country lying west and south of the Nielgherry
mountains and Koondanad. It is found also in large
quantities in various parts of India.
In Bengal land is now worth 67 years' purchase
of the revenue. The increase of wealth through-
out Bengal has been most rapid ; notwithstand-
ing the disadvantages under which the agricul-
turists labour, by the Knglish markets being shut
against their raw and manufactured produce, and the
great number of artizons thrown out of employment
by the introduction of piece goods, &c. from England ;
land purchased in Calcutta 30 years ago for 15 rupees
is now worth and would readily sell for 300. Ten
years ago a labourer in Calcutta received two rupees
per month, now he is not satisfied with less than four
or five rupees per month, and there is even a scarcity
of workmen; 12 field labourers were formerly to be
had for less than one rupee a day, now half that
number could not be had at that rate of wages. Mr.
Colebrook says, in 1804, in his Husbandry of Bengal,
that " a cultivator entertains a labourer for every
plough, and pays him wages, on an average, one ru-
pee per mensem, and in some districts not half a
rupee per mensem." A cabinet maker was glad to
obtain eight rupees a month, for the exercise of his
skill, now he readily ohtnitu Ifl or 20 rupee* for ijn
sanu< period. All handicraftsmen or lal)ourcr^> hHVf
risen in n like proportion ; and as to the price of fiMMJ
it is sullicicnt to state one article us a criferiuii—
rice, the staff of life in Bengal, was wont to he milil
at eight aiums (half a rupee* per maund (H2 ll)s.),jti
price has increased four fold, being now aveniu'iil ut
two rupees per nmund. The wages of a Hindoo cur.
penter at Calcutta may he estimated at (ii/., i,( a
Chinese at '.'«., and of the lowest Kuropcan Ci.f. per ilny.
This increasi' in the value of property nuiy be nminly
ascribed to th(> fixed settli'mctit of the land rcviriiif
— to the security given to all species of induHtrj —
and thus inducing the surplus wealth derived mun
commerce to be invested in the soil : hcTice tlic n.tu
in wages, and in the value of all commoilitii's.
CiuiipuriHon of tlic Wiiirrs of Artincers nnil otiii't Piililii'
Hl'IVHtltH, UIHllT tlic Ft'lllllWn'H UIkI llrltll.ll (iDVlTlllnchtl
In tilt' Diiklii'lii, In IH-iH and IHI t. [Col. 8) kcs' Ki'|Mirt.J
Artlflcers, \c.
Uritish rule in
IHUM.
Ifr«(t Carpentpr ....
Comni'in ditto
Two .Sawyers
Head Smitli
Siiiltli
Head iirmnurer
Kile Man
Ilammor Man
Mend li-atlu'r worker
Ilrad Bricklayer
lailor '.
CliU'f of Dooly Uearers
(irooin*
Camel man
Head of I'ulaiikcun HamaU
Monthly Wg*
Riipces^S, :(A and 4!i
IS and 22)
2.t and 30
IS and Tii
:iO
IS
n,8 and 13)
IS
'ii and 39
IS and 20
H
7 and y
15
Pcl»tiw«'« in
IHII.
Monthly Wp.
IS, io, 40
12
H
20
12
20
12
7
I'.'
I.'i and '.<!)
6
• Under the Pclshwa's (tovernmcnt, one man attended on
two horses, and one man on two camels.
The Price of Grain, Poise, and otlicr Articles.
Grain, «:c.
UrltiHh rule in
1828.
Pelsliwa'a in
IHU.
Rice (Putnec) per Rupee
Ditto ( Ambcsnor*
Seers.
16
13
IH
32
2H
16
Seers.
12
14
21
Wheat
Joarec (Andropogon Sporz-
hum)
Bajree (I'anicum spicatum)
Uhall fCytisus C^an)
Ghee (clarified butter)
17
11
Ii
* A seer is 2 lbs.
It would be extremely desirable to ascertain the
rates of wages, the prices of provisions, and the rental
of land in the various districts of British India, and
in particular to compare the present with the past.
Wherever political security has been established, pro-
perty of all species will rise in value ; hut where
social rights are secured — where the state has no
longer the power of taxing at its will and pleasure
every species of industry — and particularly that basis
on which all social prosperity is based (the land) ;—
there, indeed, with a fertile soil — a genial climate— an
industrious and dense population — and great mineral
and commercial resources — it would be difficult to
fix the limit of social wealth, of political greatness,
and of moral happiness.
n
I
Sk.ctio.n I. (
Tiiiin)lii(iii'), sit
<J.:t(> N. Lititudi
one of the most
uliilie ; the e\t
north to south
I'nn iivt'iii'^f ol
24,*i(il s(|iiiiri' II
FaviMimhly m
of lUngiil, it i'
Coriiiiiundtl cim
(llHtaiif from ( :ij
lit'aiitil'iil sliiircs II
interior of the
nioiintaiii.^ in gi
sea than 40 milt
nearly sinroiimliii
nuiiiiToiis rivers
lanil oceiipies tin
wauls the coast
and elovatcil Hat
sliore. To the w
northern .shore hr
a peninsula name
division (if the is
level of the sea, i
range of table Ian
to ;t,(lOO feet, ext
miles wide. I'ron
conical mountains
above the sea. T
continuous chains
sun ever shone or
to the very summit
issue magniticent
that form in the
brooks tVinscd witi
fiful verdure of tl
liranj."
II. or the early c
Mn, Lanka or Tiipr
original Sim^liulcse,
sccnded from a cc
whom, in appearane
hear a striking leser
Malalmrs, it is state
vading the island L'C
island seems to hav
western world ; thu
tions Tdjinihanf, it
famous for its elrph
so far distant that it
his fame extended tl
nifncemcnt of anoth
the purity of its gol
the reign of Claudiu
Key. Mr. Fellows) tl
driven in his bark bj
Arabia to Taprobane,
nm
' V
CIIAITKR II.— CEYLON.
t. '
in attcnilcd on
Skition I. Crylon (Sim^kala, iMiikn, Sfirndih, or
Tiiiirohiiiir), sitiiutc l)i'twc«'U thi> pnrnlli'ls of .'1..')^ tci
'J.V) N, latitiuli', luid iViiin >*U. to h:>, E. loiinitiidt', is
one of tilt' most imiKnillcrin i' ' inds on the race nf tlif
ijliihc; till' I'Nticiiie IfiiKtli tthoiit 27(1 miles from
north to soiitli, ^^.tll 1111 rj!r, if hri'iulth of 1 l.'i miles
(nn (//■'■I";''' of 100), mill a suiiertieiiil are;i of iihuut
'.M/i'il s(|iiHie miles.
Kaviiiinilily Hitimte iit tlie \V. cntriincu of tlu! Uny
of lU'ii(?iil, it is sopnrnteil 011 the N. \V. (rom the
(.'iiroiiimiilel const, l)y the Gulf of Miuiniir, l.'iO miles
distimf from Cape Comoriii ; on the S. iiiitl K. its
lii'iiiitifiii shores are liived hy the Iniliim Oeean. 'I'he
interior of the isiuiid is formed of raiines of lii^h
mountains, in Reneral not n()pioncliin(; nearer to the
sea than to miles, with 11 helt of rieli ailuviul earth,
nearly siirrountling the island, and well wnUrcit by
numerous rivers and streams. A pieturesi|iic tahlu
land occupies the southern centre, and thence, to-
Wiiiils the coast is a continuous raiii^u of low hills,
anil elevated Hat land extending nearly to the scn-
sliore. To thi' west, the country is Hat, and on the
nortlirni shore hrokeii into verdant rocky islets, and
a |ieniiisula named Jal'napatam. The lofty central
division of the island varies in elevation alxve the ;
level of the sea, from I.HOO to '1,000 feet, hut thej
ra.ige of tahle land may he estimated at fiMin -',000 ]
to ;i,li00 feet, pxtendini.; in length U 1 n lies by .'>0
miles wide. From this elevated region arise some
conical mountains from 1>,0{I0 to .■<,000 feet higher
above the sea. Tlu' mountains run in general in
continuous chains with the most lovely vallies the i
sun ever shone on between them; the hills clothid
to the very summits with gigantic forests, from which
issue magnificent cascades and foaming cataracts,
that form in the vallies placid rivers and babbling
brooks fringed with turfy banks, and all the beau-
tiful verdure of the tropics. [See " Colfiuiul lA-
lirary."
11. Of the early colonization of Ceylon, Selan, Sim;-
hala, l.aiika or Tdpnihinir. we know little certain. The
original Singhalese, or Ceyl.mcze, are probably de-
scended from a colony of Siiii^hs, or Rajpoots (tu
whom, ill appearance, even at the present day, > hey
hear a striking resemblance) .'iOO years B. C. Hut the
Mulaliars, it is stated, several times succeeded in in-
vading the island L'OO years B. C. At an early era the
island seems to have attracted the attention of the
western world ; thus Dionysius, the geogii'.pher, men-
tions Tiijmihnnf, its ancient and classic name, as
famous for its elephants ; Ovid speaks of it as a place
so far distant that it could be no advantage to have
his fame extended thither ; Pliny thought it the com-
mencement of another continent, and extolled it for
the purity of its gold and the size of its pearls. In
the reign of Claudius, a Roman, who farmed (says the
Kev. Mr. Fellows) the customs in the Red Sea, was
driven in his bark by a gale of wind from the coast of
Arabia to Taprobane, where he received a most favour-
.•? B
able reception, and so extolled the RJory of tlic Im-
perial iMty, that the sovereign of 'i'apiDbaiie sent to
Koine an embassy of four persons rm the lied Sea.
We have existing evidence that, in remote ages, (Jey-
lon was an extinsively peopled and livilizeil country
(i? has now only r>M mouths to the si|uure mile). Near
>'anti)tliare the ruins uf a very large city, constructed
of brick and mortar, and iiii immense artilieial tank
or reservoir for water, the basin of which is Hi or In
niil:s in extent ; an eiiibuiikmeiit about nine miles
from the tank is fornieil of huge stones, eight feet
Ion,', four feet broad, and three li et thick (these are
cemiiited together by lime) ; the length ol the dam
is CiOO feet, the breadth about (io, and the height from
H \.» li> feet. This gigantic wnrk is said to have been
executed by the Hindoos, who made Mantutte the
capital of a k'n,;(|om which they established over the
northern parts jf the island. Of an antiipiity, how-
ever, 111. re remote than the foregoing, are various
buildings and worl.s towards the interior, constructed
of vast stones, elegantly cut and dovetailed. like into
each other. No moirar has been used in some of the
edifices, winch still ex.st (as if in deliaiice of the
ravaging hand of time j, with visible inscriptions on
them, which no existing human being can Miiderstand.
Among the works of th s remote age is tiu Lake of
Kaiulely, near Trinconiaiee, which is l.'i miles in cir-
cumference, formed by the Arcilicial junction of two
hills, which, in one part in particular, exhibits a
parapet formed of huge blocks of stone, lli to M feet
long, and broad and thick in proportion. This parapet
is at the base l,)0 feet broad, mid at the summit .30
feet. By means of this wonderful structure, the ad-
joining high lands are connected.
It is also singular that arches are to be found in the
parapet, and over them conduits, similar to those
used by the Romans m Italy, and termed conduttori.
Belonging also to this age is a gigantic pagoda, 40
miles S. of Batticaloa, the base of whose -cone is a
qtiiiiter of a milv in circumference, surrounded by an
eiich)sure une iiiili; in circumference, consisting of a
broad wall of brick and mortar, with numerous cells
in it, and an entering colomidc of stone pillars 10
feet high.
Mr. Brooke, in tracing the course of the Maha
V'illagunga, in 182.5, came on the ruined tracks of
several very extensive canals, one of which he esti-
mated to have been from 5 to 15 feet deci), and from
40 to 100 feet wide. The natives told him that this
canal was cut by people whoso stature was fortij fo.et
lii::h ! Th€ largest rcco'ded bridge was one in the
southern part of the isla id, stated to be 2m0 cubits
((KiO feet) lomg; the next in size was VXi feet long,
across the Kaloo-Ganga, 01. the road from Adam's
Peak to Bentotte. The remi.ins of a stone bridge
exist near the fort of Kalawo Oyt., the stones of which
art from 8 to 14 feet long, join'.ed into one another
iioU laid in regular lines, the upright pillars being
ixrooved into the rocks below ; this bridge was built
370
CKYl.ON.— IIISTOKV IvNI) ACQUISITION'.
l.'),0()0 years ago, and Captain Forbes ilctnonstrates
that the Siii<;nlrsp, at that remote perioil, used the
wedge and ehiscl for s|dittinp and shaping those Iiut^c.
blocks of stone, after the manner which has only he( y.
introduced into Great Britain in the nineteenth cen-
tury.
It is recorded in aneient manuscripts, that Anornj-
hapoora, the aneient Cingalese ea|)ital, was surrounded
by a wall \C> miles square ; and indeeil a list of streets
of the city is still in existence. To the N. of the
ruins of this place are six pagodas of immense mag-
nitude, the form being half a sphere with a spire built
on it ; the two largest are each 270 feet high, of solid
brick-work, once entirely covered with chuuan\ (lime
polished like marble) ; the solid contents of one of
the largest is about M'tl'i,OT] cubic yards, and with the
materials of which it is composed, a wall of briek
might be constructed I'J feet high, two feet wide, and
97 miles long; the roofs are composed of curiously
carved rafters of wood, and the expense and labour
employed in the whole of the structures must have
been immense.
In the aneient histories of Trincomalee, it is stated
by Sir Alexander Johnston, that two kuigs of Snla-
manddum, Manumi'thij Cdlidmnldni, and his son Kula-
cnrta Mdlxini^n, reigned over the greater part of
Ceylon, and over the southern peninsula of Indin,
about the "il'ith year of the Call Vus, or 1 100 years
ago, who constructed the great buildings and tanks,
the remains of o;hich are yet extant.
lUit we must leave these remote ages, and come to
some later period. In the sixth century Ceylon was
the chief mart for eastern commerce. In the sixteenth
year of the reign of Praakran.a Hahoo the 1st (.\. I).
1 1.')3), the Singalese monarch sent a lleet of .'iOO ships,
with an army on board, and ])rovisioned for Ii.' months,
to avenge the insults offered to the Singalese ambas-
sador and to Singalese merchants by the King of
Cumbodiae and Arramana. This vast (leet was ecpiipped
in six months. In the thirteenth century it was
visited by Marco Polo, who pretty accurately narrated
the particulars of the island, which he described as
" the finest in the world." The central situation of
Ceylon had led to its port being frequented by ships
from China, India, Arabia, Sec. by which means Galle
and Colombo, from their favourable situation, became
entrepots for the general commerce of the East.
W'.ien the Portuguese first visited the island, A. I).
l.'iO.'), they foinid it had for a long period been de-
clining, owing to intestine wars and invasions from
Malabar and Arabia. The Cingalese King availed
himself of the assistance of the Portuguese .Admiral
(Almeida) for the expulsion of the invaders, pro-
mising in return an annual tribute in cinnamon. In
l.')18, the Portuguese, under Alvarenga, began to
fortify themselves in Colombo, Galle, Jtc, and soon
after they obtained complete possession of the mari-
time provinces, and drove the King of Kandy to such
extremities, that he was glad to retain even possession
of the interior provinces.
For a century the Portuguese held their sway, wlieu
in IfiO.I, the flr.st Dutch lleet arrived at Trincomalee
and Batticaloa, and olVered to assist the King of
Kandy against the Portuguese. In Xf'.Vi, a strong
Dutch armament, acting in conjunction with the King
of Kandy's forces, commenced a series of contests
with the Portuguese, ant' .ifter a long and sanguinary
struggle, which lasted until Ifi.'ir)-?, the latter were
finally driven from an island, of the sea coast of which
they had been masters for nearly l.'iO years.
The Cingalese, however, soon found that they had
exchanged masters to no advantage ; for, from ICi.'.i;
to I79f>, when the Hritish in their turn canu to tli,i
aid of the Kaiulians, the Dutch were engiigcil in ,,
series of |)erpetual hostilities with their MiniMitiiin
neighbours. Nor were we more lortuiuite than em
l)redecessors ; for, in 17'.)8, on the elevation oi a ii,\v
king to the Kandian throne, we became involvid in
hostilities, which led to our capture of the Kaiiiliaii
capital in 1803.
We did not, however, long retain the capital, tlio
Kandi^ns attacked us with great violence, cimipilliil
our troops to n precipitate retreat, massac rtd l.'.ii
sick soldiers in the hospitals, and having surroinidid
the Hritish force, recpiired them to lay down tlun
arms ; the eonnnanding ollieer. Major Davie, iiiitnr
tunately did so, the Malay troops were picked nMilc,
and the whole Knglish force instantly massaeriMl, i\.
eept three Kuropean officers retained as prisont'ii,
and one mutilated corporal, who nuule his escaiu' tn
Colombo with the melancholy intelligence. i;iiti|
181.") we retained the maritin\e provinces, wliiji' n,,.
King of Kandy kept the interior, hut in that year tin
monarch being deposed on account of his repeatid
acts of oppression and cruelty (one net was inakiii.'
the wife of his prime minister jiound to death hur
own children in a rice mortar). General Uniwiui;.,'
was invited by the Kandian chiefs to take pussessioii
of the interior, and excepting an expensive and tioii-
hlesome insurrection, which lasted from I si; to
1811), Ceylon has ever since had the Hritish swny
established (i^er the whole island.
Cai>liiiiis-(lriifriil tnut (lon'moi:! of Cri/lan, ir!iil\l in
pos.ii'ssiini of the I'ditnixuvxi'. — Pedro l.opez de Sonz.i,
Jerome do Azevedo, Francois de Menezes, Mumitl
Mascarenhrts Iloineu, Nanha Alvares Pereira, Cdu-
stantiue de Say Noranha, I), (ieorge d'.\liiui(l;i,
George d'.Mbuipie, Diego de Melho, Antoine Mnsca-
renhas, Philip|)e Mascarenhas, Maiuiel Ma.seannl,,.
Ilomen, Francois de Mcllo Castro, Antoine de .^^oiisii
Coutinho, under wdiose administration Colondio was
surrendered to the Dutch; A. !). Mezely Menczos.
last Captain-General (\n command of Jall'na iiinl
Maiiar.)
Giivcrnnn^, irhilsl in the jinsscisinn iif ll/r Diilch.—
At Galle : William Jaeobszen Coster, Comiiiunilir al
the surrender of that place; administratidii eoni-
menced i:uh March, KilO. Jan Thysz, riTsidoii'
and Governor, 1st August ir)40. Joan Matsiiykci,
Ordinary Councillor and Governor, L'ltli May \>''\''>.
Jacob Van Kittenstein, Governor, '.'(i Fth. lii'O.
•Adrian Van der Meyden, Governor, 1 Ith Oct. \u'Ck
('olombo : Adrian Van der Meyden, Governor, I'.'lh
May UlfiC). Hyklof Van Goens, (ioveiuor, I'Jlli Mn
DifiO. J.icob Hustnar, Fxtraordinary Coiimillni ui
India, and Governor, 27111 Dec. KKi;*. Ryklel \.i'i
Goens, Governor, from l'.»th Nov. IfilU. Loiirrn*
Van Peil, Couunander, President, Governor, and K\-
traordinary Councillor of India, ,'trd Dec. hlso. Thi'-
mas Van iihee, Governor, I'.nh June It'i'.iH, I'niilii*
de Rhoo, appointed Governor and Director id'Coyloii,
L".)tb Jan. 1 (')'.),'■). Gerrit de I leer, (iovernor, 2:.'d IVN.
1 ();»7. The members of the (^ouni'il, L'lith Nov. lii'-
Mr. Cornells Johannes Sinionsz, (lovenmr, Mav
\'M. Hendric liecker. Governor, 22 Dee. Kc:
Mr. Isaak Augistin Humph, Governor and ICxtram-
dinary Councillor of India, 7th Dec. 17l(!. AriuM
Moll, Conmiander at Galle, llth June 17-'.'t. ■>"■
hannes Hertenbcrg, Governor, 12th January I"- 1
Jan Paulus Schagen, Commander at Galle, i;itli(M
172.''). Pctrus Vuyst, Governor, and Extrnuriliiinry
Councillor of Indin, \i'> Sept. I72(i. Stephaniis Vih-
Cr.Yi.ON— GEOCiHArUY
liiys, Governor, nmi Kxtnutnliiinry Councillor of India,
iKlmiuistriilion connnciuoil 27tli Aii-^ust ITli'.K Gual-
foius Woiitcrsz, Comniandor of Jall'naputani, LTitli
Au«. I7.'I2. .lacol) Christian I'iolaat, Kxtraordinary
(■(iinu'illor of India, and Coiniuissary L'Ist Di'c. \T.V2.
Dicdcrick Van l)iiinl)iir};, Ciiivcrnor, ".'Ist Jan. ll'M.
.liiii Mnrcara, Connnander td' (inllr, 1st .lunc M'M'i.
(iiistiill' \\ ilii'Mi Maron \iin linliolV, h^xtraordinary
C'ouniiilipr of India, and (lovcrnor, ;{d .Inly 17;t(').
Willein Maurits 15ruiiiini'l<, GoviMnur, l:iti\ Marcli
I7I(>. Danii'l Ovcrljcclx, (iovurnor, and {extraordinary
Councillor of India, ;id Jan. 174J. Julius Valentin
Sti'in Van Gcdincssc, l'',xtraordiin\ry (;ouncillor of
liiitin, lit!' May 17-J;i. (icrrard Van Vrccland, Kx-
traordinary Councillor of India, and Governor, (ith
March I7.'il. Jacob tie Lour, Connnandir of Jalfna-
imtani, administration ootninenccd 'MU Feb. 17.") I.
Jiiiin (iidcon Lotcn, ,'f(»th Sept. 17.'>2. Jan Schren<ler,
Councillor and Governor of India, 17th March 17.")7.
I.uliliert Jan Haron Van Kck, (iovernor (under whose
aihninistration Kandy was taken on the l'.(th Keb.
l7tiH), 11th Nov. 17*i-'. Anthony Mooyart, Com-
iiiiuider of Jatfnapatam, l'M\\ May I7(i'). linnn Wil-
Icm l''nlek, Governor, ftc. '.(th August 17'i.'>. Willeni
Jacob Van de Grant', Governor, &c. of India, 7th Keb.
17.N."i. Joan (ierard Van Ant;clheek, Governor, Jtc.
iMultr whose administration Colombo surrendered to
the arms of his Ikitannic Majesty, on the Kith Keb.
i7'.»t;.
Eii'^lisli fiormior^. — The Hon. the Governor of
Madras in Coimcil ; administration commenced Kith
Feb. 17'.)r). The Hon. Frederick Norlli, l:ith Oct,
17;t8. I,ieut.G-en. Right Hon. Sir Thomas Maitland,
(i.C.l$. I'Jih July 180."). Major-Gen. John Wilson,
I,iuut.-Gov., lilth March IHll. General Sir Robert
lirownrigg, Bart. G.C.H. 1 1th March 181'i. Major-
Cieii.SirK. Rarnes, KC.R. Kieut-Gov. IstKch. 1820.
l,inif.-Gcn. the Hon. Sir K. I'aget, K.C.B. 2(1 Keb.
\Hi:i. Major-Gen. Sir J. Campbell, K.C.B. I.ieut.-
Gov. (ith Nov. 1822. I,ieut.-Gen. Sir K. Harnes,
G.C.H. 18th Jan. 1824. Mnjor-(ien. Sir J. Wdson,
K.S.S. I.ieut.-Gov. Kith Oct. I8:u. The Right Hon.
Sir llobert Wilmot Horton, G.C.R. 2:fd Oct. 18;u.
Ill Colimihii. — Ceylon may not inaptly be termedthe
Malta of the Indian Ocean. It.s commercial capital,
Colombo, is situate on the S.V. coast, lat. (i .'i/. N.,
long. 80.0. K., defended by a strong fort (built on a
peninsula projecting into the ocean) measuring onr
mile (ind a qiimirr in circumference, having seven
prnicipal bastions of dilierent sizes, connected by in-
tervening curtains, and defended by thn'f hnndrvd
pieces of cannon. The fortress is nearly insulated,
t\v(i-tliirds of the works being almost laved by the sea,
and, with the exception of two very narrow and
strongly guarded causeways, the remainder protected
liy a fresh-water lake and a broad and deep ditch witii
a tine glacis. Four .strong bastions are seaward, and
time face the lake, and command the luirrow approach
fn'Mi the Pettah, or native town outside tlie walls.
The sea itself is additional strength for the fortress,
fur on the extensive southern side the surf runs so
high on a rocky shore, that any attempt at landing
trn()|js wo dd be attended with certain destruction ; and
nn the west side, where the sea is smoother, tiie
.ipproaeli is completely commanded by the batteries;
and a projecting rock, on which two compact batteries
are placed, entirely protect the roadstead.
TiiiNCOMAi.KK. — Trincomalee, the maritime capital
of the island (Colonilw is the seat of (Government),
is, in u political point of view, of the most inipor-
'ante, not merely as regards Ceylon, but from being,
.'171
as Nelson justly described it from persoiuil know-
ledge, " tlir finrst huthniir in tin' inuiil." ■j'riuconialee
is on the K. of C^eylon, lat. 8..'{2 N., long. 81.17 K.,
l.")() Tuiles N.K. from Colombo (to which a tine road
has been opened), 128 utiles travelling distance from
Kandy, and within liro days' sail of Madras. Its
physical aspect is that of a narrow neck of lan<l or
isthmus, connecting the peninsula on which the fort
of Trincontalee is built (which juts out a considerable
distance into the sea) to the uiaui land. Towards the
\V. this isthmus gradually expands ilstdf into a plain
of considerable extent, which is bounih'd on the S. K.
by a ridge of lofty tnountains, on the N. \V. by low
wooded hills, an(l on the \V. at the distance of about
a mile from the fort, by the iinu-r harbour. As far as
the eye can reach from the fort, excepting in the
immediate neighbonrliood of the bazaar, the country
is covered with wood.
The scenery of the s|)ot has been compared to Loch
Katrine on a gigantic scale (the vast harbour appear-
ing land-lockeil), the grandeur of which cannot be
surpassed. The fortitications swicp along the rocky
coast, upwards of a mile in length, encompassing the
base of a steep hill on the sides coniucted with the
adjacent land. The town aiid fort are placed at the
bottom of a rock, and joined to a narrow neck of
land running out towards the sea, and separating the
inner harbom-s from two outside bays, which lie on
either shore of a three-sided or corned promontory.
" nutch" and " Rack" bays areentnely commanded
by the artillery on the S. and N. side of the lortilied
rock, and the mouth of the harbour is protected by
Fort Ostenburg, situate on a moinit three niiles \V.
of Trincomalee. No comnuinication can take place
with the i)romontory (the jiart that projects into the
sea bemg protected l>y steep rocky cliti's) except
through the well-covered gates of the fortress ; and
the best engineers have pronounced their opinion of
its impregnability if it be well garrisoned.
Fort Frederick, where the Kuropean troops (con-
sisting generally of four com|)auies of a Kuropean
regin\eut, a company of royal engineers ami artillery,
and detachments of the Ceylon rilles) are stationed,
is a fortified neck of land projecting into the sea,
separating Rack Ray from Dutch Ray. The ground
rises gradually from the glacis to the Iliig-staH", a
btight of about ItOO feet, and then slopes towarils the
sea, till abruptly terminated by a perpendicular clill",
from which a plummet may he dro|)ped to the water,
a distance of 210 feet. TTie depth at the ba'^e is so
great, that a line-of-battle shi|) may pass close to it.
None but military reside within the works. TTie
prospect from the barracks towards the sea is only
bomided by the horizon,, whilst towards the land, the
eye ranges over the splendid scenery of the inner
harbour, fort Ostenberg, and a long extent of wooded
country.
Kort Osteiibcrg is nearly three miles from Fort Fre-
derick, and is built on the termination of a ridge of
lulls that partly form the boundary of the iinier har-
bour. TTie fort commands the entrance, and its base
is washed by the sea on three sides; it also protects
the dock-yard, which is inunediately below it. A
detachment of Royal Artillery are (|uartered there,
and a company of Kuropeans.
TTic vicinity of Trincomalee is a wild micultivated
country, abounding with game of all kinds, from a
snipe to an elephant. Quail, jungle fowl, moose-
deer, and monkeys, are found on the l''ort Ostenbeig
ridge. The Mahavilla (ianga, which runs past Kandy,
empties itself into the sea tint far from Trincomalee.
,..■!(
:iMM
i I
372
CEYLON.— GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, AND SOIL.
It has lately been surveyed by Mr. Brooks, the master
attendant, who reports favourably of its capabilities.
It is navigable for some distance ; and lie is of opinion,
that with a little expense, it might be made so to within
40 miles of Kandy.and thereby open a water commu-
nication, by which the cotl'ee, timbcr.and other produce
of the interior could be brought to the sea-coast.
The barbour, beautifully diversified with islands
covered with a luxuriant vegetation, is spacious enough
for holding all tiic shi|)s in the woilii, accessible at all
seasons ; and the depth of water within the bay of
Trincomalee is so great, that in many places, not far
from the shore, it is unfathomable, and ves- Is may
lie close alongside the rocks in perfect safety.
Point dk Gai.lk is another strong fortress and
excellent harbour, .situate at the very southern ex-
tremity of the island, in hit. C.l N., long. HO. 10 K.,
distant 78 miles along the sea shore, S. S. K. from
Colombo. The fort is a mile and a (juarter in circum-
ference, on a low rocky jjromontory, commanding the
narrow and intricate entrance leading to the inner
harbour. The extensive and substantial works are,
like those of Colombo, surrounded for the greater
part by the ocean, and there is every cbnvenience of
water, &c. capable of enabling the fortress to stand
an extended siege. The outer and inner harbours are
spacious, and the inner secure at all seasons of the year.
But if the seacoast be well defended, not less so is
the interior ; every hill is a redoubt, and the passes in
the mountains might be defended by a resolute enemy
by rolling the stones off the summits of the heights.
Kandy, the capital of the interior (85 miles from Co-
lombo) is situate in an amphitheatre commanded by
forts on the surrounding hills ; the vale has but two
accessible entrances well guarded, and the city within
four miles is nearly surroiuidcd by a broad and rapid
river (the Maha-Villa Gunga) filled with alligators.
The roads in the maritime country are through
groves of cocoa-nut trees along the sea coast. Car-
riage roads extend from Colombo as far as Chilaw to
the northward, and from Colombo through Galle as
far as Matura to the southward. The main road from
Colombo to Kandy (the Simplon of the East, on which
there is now a " mail coach and j'uur .'") is a work of
stupendous magnitude ; hills have been cut away,
vallies filled up, and (near Kandy) a tunnel fii'e hun-
dred feet lonu: cut through the mountain, while rapid
and unfordable torrents and rivers have had elegant
iron and wooden bridges thrown across them. A
capital road has been opened between Trincomalee
and Colombo, and, before a few more years have
elapsed, every town in the island will be connected
by roads passable at all seasons.
I'aradeinia bridge, which has been thrown over the
rapid and unfordable river Maha Villa Gunga, con-
sists of a single arch with a s|)an of 20.') feet, princi-
pally composed of satin wood ; its height above the
river at low water-mark is f>7 feet, and the roadway is
22 feet wide. The arch is composed of four treble
ribs transversely, distant from each other five feet
from centre to centre; the sum of the depths of these
ribs is four feet, which, with two interv.ils of two
feet each, makes the whole depth of the arch eight
feet; the arch beams, with the exception of those
next the abutments, are 10 to 17 feet long and \2
inches thick, abutting against each other with an
unbroken section, secured at the joints by the notched
pieces which support the road-way. the latter being
held in their position by means of cross ties below and
above the arch, and immediately under the road-way ;
these cross-ties, with the aid ot diagonal braces, which
are also locked into them, serve to give stability and
firmness to the whole structure, which has no other
material but timber in its construction.
IV. The north division of the island is sandy and
calcareous, resting upon madrepore, as it is little
elevated above the level of the sea ; the surface of
the elevated lands of Saffragam and Lower Ouva is
much stronger and well adapted for tillage ; the gra-
nite soil of the interior produces the most luxuriant
cro|)9 wherever there are a sufficiency of hands to call
forth the gifts of industry. The soil of the southern
plains is sandy, resting on a strong red marl termed
" Cabook," the base of which is granite, and in the
neighbourhood of Colombo, the lands are low and
subject to inimdations from the Mutwal river.
The foundations of the island are evidently calca-
reous, yet the greater proportion of its soil is sili-
ceous, in many i)laces (as in the cinnamon gardens
near Colombo) the surface being as white as snow,
and formed of pure quartz sand. The soils of Ceylon
are stated to be in general derived from the decom-
position of gneis, granite, or clay, ironstone, the
principal ingredient being quartz in the form of sand
or gravel, decomposed felspar in the state of clay,
combined with dillerent proportions of the oxide of
iron, quartz in most instances being the predominat-
ing substance, and in many places, forming nine-
tenths of the whole, the natural soils seldum contain-
ing more than three per cent, vegetable matter. The
most productive earths are a brown loam resulting
from the decomposition of gneis or granite exceeding
in felspar, or a reddish loam originating from the de-
composition of clay ironstone : the worst soils are
those where quartz predominates, proceeding from
the disintegration of (juartz rock, or of granite and
gneis, containing a very large proportion of (|uartz.
Regular granite is not of very common occurrence;
well formed gneis is more abundant, but sienlte is
not common : pure hornblende, and i)rimitive green-
stone, arc far from uncommon ; and dolomite some-
times of a pure snow white, well ada|)ted for the
statuary occasionally constitutes low hills in the inte-
rior: limestone is principally confined to the northerly
province of Jafnapatam, and the island app-^ars to he
surrounded by an interrupted chain or belt of sand-
stone, interspersed with coral.
The coral of the Pamban banks is not the zoo|ihite
of the Mediterranean and the South Seas, but a light,
porous crumbling substance, sometimes cut and
shaped into bricks by the Dutch, and more frequently
burnt into lime. Of this species of lime the late fort
of Nega|)atam was built ; and so great is the hardness
which it acquires by long exposure to the weather,
that when Major I)e Haviland, some years ago, re-
(juested a specimen of the masonry of the fort to he
procured and sent up to him, the iron crows and other
instruments used in detaching the blocks were hlunted
and bent in all directions by the solidity of the cliu-
nam, which is far more adhesive than that obtained
from shells. A stone capable of being converted Into
so valuable a cement, would almost pay the expense
of its excavation. The ridge cilled ' Adam's bridge,'
consists of a mass of loose sand, with no firm foun-
dation of rock or clay to support it. The sand appears
to be transported in great (piantities from one side to
the other of the ridge, according *••> the direction of
the monsoon ; for, in addition to the action of the
surf, which washes it over to the Ice side, where it is
narrow, — in other parts, where it is broad, streams
of it, in a dry state, are carried across by the wind
itself, and deposited there. The channels through the
CliYLON.— CLIMATE.
373
ve stability and
h has no other
n.
id is sandy and
I as it is little
; the auil'ace of
Lower Ouva is
illage ; the i;ra-
1 most luxuriant
of hands to call
of the southern
ed marl termed
lite, and in the
ids are low and
val river.
evidently calca-
;' its soil is sih-
nnamon pirdens
,s white as snow,
e soils of Ceylon
from the decom-
, ironstone, the
the form of sand
ne state of clay,
; of the oxide of
: the predominat-
5, forming ninc-
i seldom contftin-
ible matter. The
n loam resulting
granite exceeding
ting from the de-
2 worst soils are
proceeding from
ir of granite and
ortion of ([uartz.
>mon occurrence ;
lilt, but sienite is
1 primitive green-
(1 dolomite seme-
adapted for the
hills in the inte-
I to the northerly
nd appears to be
II or belt of sand-
strait are very shallow, and not more than sufficient
for the small country boats to pass ; but it is stated,
in the records of the Dutch government at Ceylon,
that a Dutch fleet once passed through the channels
of Adam's Bridge to avoid a Danish fleet in chase of
them. It has been justly observed, that if such really
^vere the case, the channels must have been in a very
riilferent state, as some parts of the ' bridge' are now
(Irv, and a few feet of water is the greatest depth any
where on it.
The metallic riches of Ceylon arc yet almost un-
known. The island is principally composed of granite,
with veins of quartz, hornblende and dolomite ; rock
and shell-limcstonc are found near Kandy and Jatt'na-
natam, iron and plumbago (the latter now forms an
article of considerable export) are abundant, and gold
(some say also (piicksilver) and silver are found in
the hill-streams ; amethyst, topazes, cats-eyes, garnet,
cinnamon stone, sappliircs, rock crystals, shorl, zircon,
rubies, and diamonds, &c. the island has long been
famed for. The celebrated pearl fishery in the Gulph
of Manaar my limits forbid me here dwelling on.
Nitre caves are numerous; alum is plentiful, and the
coast from Cliilaw to Manaar and Jaffna on the western
side, and from Tangalle through the Mahagampatoo
to the eastward, contains the most extensive and
valuable salt formations which are to be met with in
India. The Leways, or natural deposits, at Hamban-
totte, yield the largest supply of the finest salt.
The natural history of the pearl oyster is imper-
fectly known. The banks have been found suddenly
to fail when a productive fishery had been anticipated.
At certain seasons the young oysters are seen floating
in masses, and arc carried l)y the current round the
coast ; they afterwards sctrle and attach themselves
hv a fibre or beard to the coral rocks, and on san 1
tliey adhere together in clusters. When full grown,
they are again separated, and become locomotive.
The pearls enlarge during six years ; and the oyster
is supposed to die after seven years ; they are fished
at a depth of 3() to 40 feet in the calm season. The
length of time which the divers remain under water
is almost incredible by an European.
V. Ceylon is under the complete influence of the
monsoons, the N. E. prevailing from November to
Fchruary, and the S. W. from April to S'jtember;
the intervening ore(|uinoctial months having variable
winds or calms. The eastern side of the island is
hot and dry like tlie Coromandel coast, occasioned by
the N. F. monsoon ; the op))osite division of the isle
is temperate and humid like the southern Malabar
shore under the influence of the S. W. monsoon ; the
climate, however, of the southern coast is more con-
genial to Europeans than perhaps any ])art of the
continent of India. On the whole the N. and N. E.
may be said to be dry, and the S. W. moist. The
S. VV. wind is more general all over the island, as
both at Colombo and Trincomalec it blows for five
months in succession, whereas the X. E. blows at
Colombo only in the months of December and Janu-
ary, seldom beyond them. Among the mountains of
the interior, the winds are modified by local circum-
stanres, according to their proximity to the E. or \V.
const : and the highest and most central land have
peculiarities of their own. Thus, at Badulia, in Up-
per Ouva (where there is an excellent hospital t.nd
military station), the wind for three-fourths of the
year is from the N. E., and in June, July and August
variable.
Owing to its intertropical position, the quantity of
three times that of England. Being less frequent
the showers are much heavier while they last, a fall
of two or three inches being not uncommon in 24
hours; the average of the alpine region is about 84
inches ; on an average however, less rain falls on the
east than on the west side of the island ; a lofty
mountainous ridge often acting as a line of demarca-
tion, one side of which is drenched with rain, while
the other is broiling under an unclouded sun ; Colo-
nel Colebrook in his valuable report on this lovely
island, justly remarks, that the climate and seasons
of the north and south districts are strikingly con-
trasted. On one side of the island, and even on one
side of a mountain, the rain may fall in torrents,
while on the other, the earth is parched and the her-
bage withered ; the inhabitants may be securing
themselves from inundations, while in another they
are carefully husbanding the little water of a former
season which may be retained in their wells and
tanks. Thus throughout the southern division where
the rains are copious (owing, probably, to its expo-
sure to the southern ocean) canals arc not less useful
in draining the lowlands, than in the conveyance of
produce; and embankments are much required to
secure the crops from destruction during the rainy
season; while in the north division of the island,
tanks and water-courses are in the greatest request,
to secure the inhabitants against the frequent
droughts to which those districts arc liable. At
Colombo the annual quantity of rain is about 100
inches, of which, 80 fall in April, May, October and
November.
Owing also to its insular position, no climate is
more favoured than Ceylon, its temperature being
moderate when compared with the scorching plains
of India. Along the sea-coast the mean annual tem-
perature may be taken at 80" Fahrenheit ; the ex-
treme range line from (i8" to 90", and the medium
from 7.')" to 8.)". The climate of the mountains is of
course cooler, but its vicissitudes greater. At Kandy,
which is 1,407 feet above the sea, the mean annual
temperature is 78"; at the top of Nainini Cooli
Kandia, 5,'i-\S feet high. Dr. Daily found the tempera-
ture at eight A..M. .'■i7". .'\t Colombo (the capital)
the mean daily variation of the temperature does not
exceed 3", while the annual range of the thermometer
is from 70" to 8(1^", Fah. At Galle, the mean daily
variation is 4", and the annual range 71" to 87". Jaff-
napatam, mean daily variation 5", annual range 70"
to 90". Trincomalee, ifn'utest daily variation 17",
annual range 74" to 91". At Kandy, (the capital of
the mountain or table land in the interior) mean
daily variation fi", annual range (iO" to 80". At Newera
Elba, a military convalescent station, mean daily
variations as high as 1 1", and annual variation from
3.')" to 80".
The climate of Ceylon, where the soil is not cleared,
is undoubtedly subject to pernicious miasmata, ari-
sing from stagnant marshes, and dank and noisome
jungles, and even when the jungles are cleared, it
requires the sun to act on tbein for some time before
the unhealthy miasmata are dissipated ; at certain
seasons, therefore, endemic fevers appear in situa-
tions favourable to their propagation, but the whole
island is becoming more uniformly salubrious as it
becomes cleared and cultivated. The environs of
Trincomalee, which were formerly very unhealthy,
have become much less so by clearing the jungles in
the environs, and if the salt water lake (' Snake Is-
land,' 1 think it is termed) to the northward of
rain that falls in Ceylon is very great, probably, about Colombo were cleared, the maritime capital of Ccy-
374
CEYLON.— CLIMATE.
Ion, thouRli within 8" of the pquator, would he one
of the healthiest and plcasantest residences in India.
It is true, that our troops have sull'ered much in
Ceylon, hut it shoidd be recollected, that as compared
with the Indian army, their wear and tear of duty is
much severer than the latter, and they have not the
facilities of water communication which the Ganges
and its tributaries aftbrd ; the one country is in iiany
parts quite unpeopled, and the other comparativch,
civilized ; add to which, a pernicious system prevails
in Ceylon, of making the troops commence marcliis
at night.
CEYLON ISIETEOROLOGY.
COLO.MBO (SEA SHORE) UEGISTER.
BADULLA (2,107 feet above the »ea).t
Tlicrmonieter.
Barometer.
*
en
11
ja
u
a
Thermometer.
Kcmaiks
9*1
2,
s
**
«
by a Karidyan Cliief,
Muiidis,
5
S
a
3
Wind.
1
3
.
the re>ult of
Sixty Years' Ubservation.
1
i
an
V
i
s
S
3
a
(5
<
r
ai
^
-a
s
X
J
s
g
K 1 00
Z
X
2
j
Jaiuiaiy
78
H\
79
82)
7(1
2!). as
29.80
N.
1
1.0 C2
72
00
74
55
Heavy rains, and very cold iiishts.
Kehriiaiy
r»
83
81.)
85
70
30.
29.8.5
In. to N.E.
aii(l.s.w.
0.4 i 03
74
08
77
55 No ruin ; hot.
March
80
84
82
83
77
20.i»0
29.80
8.1 j 02
70
07
80
50 A little rain, and warm.
April ..
81
84
82
m)
SO
29.H7
29.8.'i
11 7, 00
78
70
80
05 No rain ; very warm.
May ..
8-i
ar,
82
«T)
T.),
29.93
29.80
s.w.
0.0 ' 08
78
71
83
04 Lisht rain ; windy.
June ..
HI
S3
82
so
79
2!I.KS
29.
Ditto.
2.3; tvl
77
72
80
05 N<i rain ; hot and dry.
July ..
80 83
81
84
79!
29.98
29.
Ditto.
10.7 03
74
71
81
00 Ditto; very hot.
August
81 8»
82
83
HO,
29.90
DItio.
3.5
(iO
79
71
83
on Ditto; liot.
September ..
8-2 8;t
82
85
81
29.!M)
29.80
Ditto.
8.2
00
79
72
82
62
Ditio: ditto.
OctobiT
HO 83
81
83
78;
29.90
29.80
Ditto.
7.1
00
79
72
83
02
Heavy rains, and cool.
November . .
8(i 82
81
83
79 30.
29.90
■•S.W. toN.
/ and N.E.
7.1
07 75
71
83
(i2
Ditto, ditto.
December ..
80,
"I
80
i
84
78j
29.90
29.80 1
IS.O
67)
7a
71
75
02
Hot and dry: very cold niglits.
* Tlic Rain (iauge, shewing a tola! of 84.3 indies, is for Kandy (in 1819), in the inierint, which slicws the average of ilir
mountain districts : on the se.i shore, as at C'dnnibo, the averase annual fall of rain is from 75 to 80 inches.
t Badtilla is situate on a plain, Mirroonded by hills from 1 to 3,ono feet, in a mountainous country, in the south extri'.
mity of Cejion, having tlie sea at 40 to 50 miles distant on the east, soutti and west sides; the elevation above the ocean
level of 2,107 feet.
A delightful station has been formed at Newera
Ellia, S. W. from Kandy, 50 miles, 14 from Fort
M'Donald, 1.5 from Maturatte, and 122 from Co-
lombo. The road between Newera Ellia and Kandy
leads through a wild and mountainous country, the
scenery always picturesque, soinetimes magnificent
in the extreme ; at one time, a traveller is surrounded
by steep and inaccessible mountains, whose sides are
clothed with dense forests ; rocks of an enormous
size, deep and precipitate ravines, and cataracts
rushing with foaming velocity from the heights, diver-
sify the scene. The height of Newera Ellia plain (four
miles long, and one and a half broad) is 6,000 feet
above the sea, and is surrounded by steep mountains
of irregular height (covered with wood to the very
summit) one in particular, rising 2,000 feet above the
level oftheNeweraEllia river, which meanders through
lovely banks across the plain. The climate is deli-
cious, never approaching tropical heat in summer,
and yielding ice in winter ; the mean temperature by
day and night for the entire year 55". The wtiter is so
pure as to form a transparent solution with nitrate of
silver ; several chalyl)eate sjirings have been met
with. The daisy, buttercup, violet, ribwort, dande-
lion, barbery, briar, &c. flourish indigenously; the
rose, pink, mignionette, and carnation, are as fra-
grant as in England ; delicious strawberries are abun-
dant, and potatoes, carrots, artichokes, peas, beans,
salads, cabbages, turnips, parsnips, and in fact, every
British culinary vegetable thrive luxuriantly. The
soil is of a deep black mould, resting on a stratum of
yellow clay and gravel, numerous varieties of beauti-
ful quartz exist, and the frc'tjucnters of the climate
within a few degrees of the ((puifor, will learn with
astonishment, that a fire is nlwuys enjoyed by night,
! and frequently in the day. Limestone has bwn
found.
VI. That Ceylon was formerly extensively peopled
is evident from the works and structures before alluded
to, but it would appear the number of the inhabitants
had been declining for the last four or five centuries,
and it is doubtful even now (although an increase has
commenced in the maritime provinces, whicii had in
1814,— mouths, 475,883; and in 1824, 5y5,l(),^.—
increase in ten years, 119,222) whether on an area of
24,000 square miles, there are 1,000,000 mouths.
Colonel Colebrooke states in his report, that the
population in 1824 was, in the southern or Cingalese
provinces, ."^99,408 ; in the northern or Malabar dis-
tricts, 195,697 ; and in the interior or Kandyan pni-
vinces, 256,835 , total, 852,940. The returns trom
the maritime provinces are doubtless correct, as the
village registers of marriages, and births, and deaths
are kept as punctually there as in England, but haviiij
myself traversed the Kandyan provinces more exten-
sively perhaps than any European, I should think the
estimate of their population is under rather than over
I the mark ; it is to be feared, however, that the de-
j creasing of the semi-barbarous inhabitants of this
i splendid region has scarcely reached its acme, perhaps,
j it may now be considered stationary, as the cimiforts
j of the people are on the increase.
I The following in some res' >ct8 complete view cf
the population is highly i'.ceresting ; it shews how
thinly the island is peopled, there not being in some
districts more than four, five, or six mouths to the
square mile ! Comparing the births with the deaths
' it would appear at least in the maritime provinces
j thai the population is on the increase.
County or
o
o
t"
h
ISlfi
6,57
182(i
734
18:!-
514
1828
499
1829
49.5
1830
46o
18JI
432
CEYLON.— POPULATION.
.■?7.'
Census taken in the year 1832 of the Population of Ceylon, and of the Births, Marriages, and Deaths.
■2-3
5
Whites.
Free Blacks.
Slaves.
Total.
and Resi-
traugcrs.
0-2
u
Persona
employed
in.
(A
(0
County or District.
i
s
t
S
|£i!
^J
s
f
S
■3
2 1
V)
■a
a
8i
■a
sn J'
a -
i.7.
s !
a
;;
S Eh
■a
•a
a
3 K
=^5
6i)" 1
< !
"^a
<s
i
Colombo
1472
1746
183.')
121286 112068
114
132
123748
114035
1871
162
61.358
6854 10179
7292
2030
.5240
u
Cialle
!>9i
400
470
4135.); 4345S
8
5
47763
43931
161
150
17510 5221
6115
2600
233
1501
.s
Tansalle
2Hfl(l
42
26
55282 50iM)3
55321
51019
207
45
26217 3111
321)7
4135
555
4406
b
Batticaloa. . ..
IHtid
1!»7
ISO
15I0() 131)24
2
2
15308
14116
21
9009 370
4921
1293
117
351
i J
TriiicomAlce. .
KiHIll 28.1
«:.
7070 531)1
16
18
7371
5474
550
81 i.iys, 954
447
45s
133
726
'J
Jaft'iiapataai..
12^0 ;tn2
322
74086 71551
10144
10359
84532
82235
215
136 63493
5393 I9S29
1036 1132
3876
Manar
11188 11,"
130
101)10 10516
27
26
11 084
10702
35(1
20 4396
450i
623
43(i, 698
336
*j
Cliilaw
720 109
112
15018 12735
1:
21
15138
1286s
1016
40 6621
911j
752
991
210
J03
1
Delft
281 ••
••
1651 1592
••
1651
1592
39
117| 969
34j
/
nil
6
83
Total ..
1.1520
3198
3150
34 1797 322262
1
10322
10583
358317
335975
4319
86
I9I2OI
■J363I
164 10
18705
8114
17025
i
Udcratte ....
1 128
34511 27560
380
425
34921
27985
317!)
58
21472
2073
5Sfi
Four Knrlcs . .
.10(1 ..
18231
13 198
82
81
18313
13579
800
106
11615
325
160
>
Three Knrles
:)6o
7
4727
3530
17
6, 4751
3536
131
23
3601
47
The returns un.
^
Seven Korles
3728
8
4
57698
48671
238
206 5794 1
48881
400
28
57701
.. 1
243
iter these heads
i^i
4144
, ,
, ,
16931
16672
210
222. 17141
16891
1281
8
15280
••
234
must be wholly
a
c4
Matcle .....
2272
, ,
-525
6708
7"
70 7595
6s68
809
8, 2515
361
. *
cniijcctural, no
c
.Saffragam ....
ir>ai
. ,
24327
19759
54
43 213^1
19802
28' 25000
.,
registers having
Tamankadewe
824
.,
689
717
..
.. : 689
717
..
2 880
.
..
ever been kept
4
referable to the
native pupula>
'■^ Total ..
14144
IS
164669
137205
\ 1051
1053 165735
138262
6400
21 112891
2759
1270
1
tion.
Grand Total..
24664
3213
31S4
509466
159467
11373
llSlfl
S240S2
474237
1
10719
40
304095
26390
47710
%:" !
Iv I
average of ilir
Popnlation of Ceylon, 1,009,008.
e has iuon
The following table demonstrates that in the Co-
lombo district, at least, population is on the increase;
and it will be observed that the augmentation (except
in the fort and pettah) has been steady for the last
five years.
Population of the District of Colombo.
Tovf n of Colombo.
a
n
Total.
>
Q
u
32
Pettah
■0.0
or Native Town.
s
ti
■§
c-3
>
ii
Within.
Without
I8I6
657
4894
21664
27215
161286
188501
1826
734
4973
25475
31188
184172
215360
1827
514
4736
23916
29162
192982
222144
1828
499
4006
24454
289.59
196513
225502
1H29
495
4343
24792
29()30
198637
228267
1830
460
4500
26990
31955
200768
232723
1831
432
4760
57
263
31549
2U32I2
234791
The population of the island, although comprising
a variety of diflerent nations, may be divided into
four distinct classes :— first, the Singalcse or Cey-
lonese (descended, as some say, from the Sings or
Rajpoots of Hindoostan, and by others from the
Siamese) proper, who occupy Kandy, and the S. and
S. \V. coasts of the island from Hambantotte to Chi-
law. Second, the Malabars or Hindoos, who invaded
Ceylon from the opposite coast, and are in possession
of the north and east coasts, and of the peninsula of
JatTnapatam. Third, the Moors or descendants of the
Arabs, or perhaps, from Mahomedans of Upper India,
who are dispersed all over the island (as the Moslems
are over Hindoostan) and in Pultam district form the
mass of population. Fourth, Voddas or Beddas, the
aborigines of the i."j!and, who dwell in the most untu-
tored state (having neither habitations nor clothing)
in the great forests which extend from the S. to the
E. and N., and also in the most inaccessible parts of
the interior, wild fruits and beasts being their sole
sustenance, and the branches of large trees their
resting place. There are some Malays, Catfres, and
Javanese, a few Chinese, and Parsee traders, and a
good many descendants of the Portuguese and Dutch,
and even of the English mixed with native blood,
scattered over the island. Cnnte, as respects the Sin-
galese and Malabars, is scrupulously preserved, and
very widely ramified, almost every occupation having
its distinct caste. There are for instance, the gold
and silversmith's caste, the fisher's, the barber's, the
washeroicw, the manufactures of jaghery (sugar), the
toddy drawer's, the lime-maker's, &c. &c. ice. ; but
the highest and most esteemed caste, is that of Vella-
lahs or Goyas, whose occupations are jiurely agricul-
tural, but as land is assigned for the performance of
every description of service, the practice of agricul-
ture is not confined to this class, but is exercised by
persons of all castes for their subsistence. By the
Kandyan laws the intermarriage of the high and low
castes is prohibited, and many distinctions recognii^ed
and enforced, by which the latter are degraded and
reduced to a servile state, now considered hereditary.
While the Malabars professing the Hindu faith, main-
tain the rrlisioiis, as well as the cii'il distinction of
caste, the Singalese or Buddhists have abolished the
former and retained the latter ; hence, perhaps, the
hostilities which prevailed between both sects, whose
sacred dogmas are both apparently based on the creed,
and doctrines of Menft, the great Hindoo lawgiver, an
illustration for which will be found by contemplating
;«:
37G
CEYLON.- POPULATION.
' ,1
:r I!
i'
i '
i
3m
m
the parallel of the Romanists and Lutherans, the
essentials of whose relii^ion stripped of externals are
the same. Tlie distinctions of custe in Hiniloostan as
well as in Siam, Birmnh, and Ceylon, had their origin
in a superabundant population pressing too closely
on the heels of subsistence, and it was perhaps thought
that the introduction of a minute division of labour
would not only give more extended en\ployment, hut
also enable each person to learn more carefully his
business ; probably, also, it was politically conjectured
that the division of an immense population of so
many millions into castes or sects, would render the
task of govenmient more easy, by keeping every in-
dividual in a fixed station in society.
Population of Ceylon, and Births, Marriages and Deaths in 1836. [11. B.]
11
Whites.
Free Blacks, j Slaves.
Total.
0-2
Persons employed
in
tf)
1
it
1 .1
(A
Province.
1
n
s
i
8
■a i
373; 332
6
•a
s
a
1^
0)
04 JZ
61)*^
Manu-
facture.
Com-
merce.
1
Western Prov.
1
4l.i2 127,5
1273
257141
235(61
258792
237066
1829
11178
til 160
tl339l tll456
10.177
4960
68H7
Soiitlurn ditto
00.12 .'iSy
5i»!)
I428lfl|l2l780 431 : 342
143800
122721 1 573
4427
7 1694
11366! 9040! 11292
1787: 51l«'7
Enstern riitti) , .
4Sfl,') •415
•3!)5
•25844
•23536 *I2 *11
•26271
•23942:'3I43
•1090
•8930
•3017 *1427
•1546
♦4(i.-. •llli;.
Northern ditto. .
fin,')!)' 47H
SIN
112223
112928 126(15 1 1910
125306
125356
1416
4165
167662
J 1 8992 1 12454
t4323 tll71::21lil
Central ditto ,.
3016 185
144
84821
71541 6«7, 6U4
35693
72379
3824
5368
84727
3931 j 8531
2431
I8I6; 1570
Total, exclusive
"
of the Military
24448,2912
1
2Q29
622842
565246
14108 13289
639962
58146t|10835
5039
344614
50697
42908
29909 10202
17200
Military and -j
i
Civil ordnance
1
OfBcers, with f
their families. J
Western Prov.
no;
257
1258
829
..
2365
1086
1
1
"4
40
71
Southern ditto..
1!I6
45
471
4261 . .
667
471 .. .19
' ..
35
15'
34
Eastern dilto ..
.■io:)
111
2!)7
2201 . .
. ,
800
331 1 .. .23
,.
33
76
Northern ditto..
11
I2|
204
1931 ..
215
205 .. .07
.. 1 ••
. .
10
3
9
Central ditto ..
678
152
905
627! .. ..
1583
779
_.. 1 .78
..
••
65
9
49
Total Military
24448
2495
.•.77i
3135
2295
••
•■
5630
2872
.. 1 35
1
•■ I ••
217
74;
239
171.19
Grand Total . . ;
1
5407|3506
1 1
625977
567541
14108
132H9
545492
584336
10825
75
344614!
1
30697
42908
30186
I0276|
* Excepting the Bintcnne Division
t Ditto Seven Korles Division
t Ditto Newcrakalawiye
No returns have hcen kept.
At present I cannot say that the Singalesc are
superior, if indeed equal, to the Hindoos, in the do-
mestic and fine arts ; although many branches cf
manufactures, such as the weaving of cotton and silk,
the smelting of and working in gold, silver, iron,
copper, &c. ; the cutting and setting of precious stones,
the glazing of pottery, application of lacker, prepara-
tion of gunpowder, casting of cannon, distillation of
spirits, &c. &c. are carried on, it is by the most simple
instruments, and with little aid from mechanics, and
less from science. In the fine arts they are scarcely
on a par with the Hindoos, and in their structures of
a recent period certainly far behind the latter people,
or even less advanced than the Burmese. They how-
ever possess great capabilities of instruction, and in
the neighbourhood of the principal British stations
are beginning to profit by the superior handicraft of
the European artizan.
" The peasantry of India, as well as Ceylon, gener-
ally possess land, from which they derive part of
their subsistence, anu the wages of labour in the
neighbouring provinces of the Continent are as low
as in Ce>lon, and in some instances lower ; any con-
siderable rise would therefore be checked by the com-
petition of strangers. The wages of common labour-
ers vary in different parts of the island from 6d. a day
in Colombo to 3d. and 4^d. a day in the country.
The government has interfered to fix these rates
when requiring labourers ; but higher demands are
made to private employers, according to circum-
stances. Those who possess small portions of land
rarely derive theii si'pport from them exelusiveiv,
but employ themselves in the fisheries, in trades and
manufactures, and in the petty traffic of the country,
and from the small amount of their individual gains
there is reason to conclude, that if they could obtain
regular employment near their homes, or even at a
distance, from Grf. to 1*. a day would be generally
acceptable to them.
The wages of mechanics and artizans are proportion-
ally higher than thoseof labourers, but still extremely
moderate ; and from the frugal habits of the natives,
and the ssource derived from their lands, a slight
augmentation of these wages would add materially
to their comforts.
The minute subdivision of lands has been accele-
rated in the maritime provinces by the Dutch law of
inheritance. In fields, gardens, and plantations,
which are farmed or held in joint ownership, the
interest of an individual proprietor is often limited to
such fractional portions as arc valued at a few iience.
For example, the inheritance of one person will con-
sist, in land, of nine-tenths of a seer of rice ; in trees,
of five-twelfths of a cocoa-nut tree, and two-thirds of
a jack tree.
The attachment of the natives to these possessions
is evinced by the fact, that they are often the subject
of protracted law suits.
CKYLON.— UKMGION.
877
1
im
o
<A
7
•ifjfio
()rtH7
10202
1/200
71
;i4
7ti
9
49
74; 2:)!)
I02;oil/"U9
liniiiortion-
.'xtiemely
|he natives,
s, a slight
materially
ben acceie-
litch law of
lluntations,
[rship, the
1 limited to
few pence,
will con-
in trees,
3-thirds of
lossessioiis
tie subject
There arc a few native landholders in the Colomiio
district who possess about 1,000 acres each ; hut
under the laws of inheritance these will in time be
subdivided. Four thousand and sixty-seven acres of
land were granted in 1h3(;, in one hundred and cishty-
eight grants on a pepper corn rent. Seventy-two
tlioiisnnd one hundred and nine acres have been
<'ranted by government. It is stated in the Ulue
liook for 18;i('), that " by far the largest proportion
of the surface of the island is jungle, (uncultivated
wftfte land) at the disposal of the Government." It
would be very desirable to cause a survey to be made
of the whole island, to ascertain the actual area, the
land cultivated and waste, the proi)ortion in the pos-
session of individuals, of temples, &c.,the rpiantity of
land rent free, or paying a tax to government, and
the state ofcultivation and produce. It would then be
strongly advisable to grant or sell the waste lands at a
moderate sum, and thus give every facility for bringing
them under cultivation and inducing Kuropeaiis to in-
vest capital in the soil. If the land-tax were fixed in
perpetuity at a moderate corn-rent all over the island,
the state would derive a large revenue for the making
of roads, the construction of tanks, bridges, &c. The
resources of Ceylcn are numerous and valuable, and
they require but a slight attention on the part of go-
vernment to render them available for the public good.
VII. The religion of the Singalcse is Buddhism, the
early history of which is little known. Many Hindoo
writers agree, that limlk or liooM, is supposed to be
the ninth avatar of yhhnu (the second person of the
Hindoo Triad, and God of preservation ;) having
appeared for the purpose of reclaiming the Hindoos
from many abominations into which they had fallen,
and to teach them more benevolent forms of worshi]),
than through the means of human and animal sacri-
lices which they then extensively (and with respect
to animals now) practised. These doctrines, says Mr.
Coleman, being too simple, and therefore interfering
too strongly with the privileges of the Brahminical
priests, a religious war ensued between the old and
new sects, and the Buddhists were ultimately expelled
from the peninsula of India. [Here we find a stri-
king analogy to the incarnation of our Saviour.] But
the Buddhists, in general, will not tolerate the idea
of superior anticiuity being vested in tl.e Brahminical
fnith; they deny the identity of their do't/ with the
ninth avatar of Vishnu, which they dee arc was a
mere manifestation of his power. They do not ac-
knowledge a creation of the universe, hut assert that
it has been destroyed many times and by some extra-
ordinary operation as often r.'jjroduced. They enu-
nuTttte twenty -two of these regenerated worlds, each
ofwhi h was successively governed by Buddhas, and
that the present universe has been ruled successively
by four, of whom Oiiiituma or GiukIiiiki (whose doc-
trines now prevail in Ceylon, Ava, Siam, &c.) is the
fourlli ; a fifth, Maitree l'.u<ldha, is yet to come, pre-
vious to which this world will be destroyed.
The commandments of Buddha, were originally
A'v (necessary toward- salvation) but five others were
mhii'd, which were meritorious but not imperative.
"•The first five are — 1st. Not to kill a living creature of
any kind ; 2nd. Not to steal ; 3rd. Not to commit
inhiltcry ; 4th. Not to speak an untruth on any occa-
sion; fith. Not to use intoxicating liquors or drugs.
The meritorious commands arc — not to cat after mid-
day; and not to sleep on costly, soft, or elevated
beds, (but on clean mats) or indulge sensually. The
"thers inculcate, generally, virtue and benevolence,
;inil the practice of individual abstinence.
The lienvenH of the Buddhists are 'Jfi, placed one
above another; which together with their Iwtls are
described by Mr. C(deman ; and it will be seen that
there is much need of the light of education and
Christianity, to remove such ideas from the minds of
an otherwise intelligent and fine looking race of
human beings. — (See History of the British Colonies.)
Protestant churches 8ic. of Ceylon in IHHfi. [H. B.]
Name of the Rector
and value of
Livinu.
Church, where
situated.
VoneralileT. M. S. St. Petrr'a
(Jlciiio, Arclirti'iicon church in the
of Colimbii, luinual Fort of Colombo
salary lmioii/.
Revd, II. H:\iley,
"^cnr. Colonial Chap,
hiin, animal salary
!)(io/.
llev. S. O. Glenie,
Colonial Chaplain,
annual salary 4on(.
llev. J. C. Arndt.,
PortUKuese Colonial
Chaplain, annual sa-
lary 10R(.
Rev. .1. n. dc Su.
ram, Cint^alcse Colo-
nial Chaplain, anul.
salary nwl.
Rev. T. D. Palm,
Clergyman of the
Dutch Church, annl.
salary :\Ml.
Kev. S. W. Dias,
C'iniralcse Colonial
Cliaplaiu, annual sa-
hiry 12.1/.
St Paul's
Church in the
Petlah of
Colombo.
Dutch Church
•at Wolfciulaht
in Colombo.
o * .
■Caa
o <a
Rev. T. J. Ondatjc,
MiihU)ar Colonial
o I
^1
K. do.
Cl.do.
.St. John's
Church at (ial
kisse tnotron-
seeratcil.)
f St. Thomas's
Church in the
,,, , . , i< sul)url)sof Co-
hlvios/'"""' ""1 '-""". ""t
'"■^y '"**'• ' L^nsucratud-
r .1, V ».• ' [ I'he Church
Two Church Mis- '
siomiries.
Rev. T. Wenham,
annual salary ron/. i
Rev. G. Trimmel,!
Church Missionary.
Kev. P. Horsford,'
annual salary 7(i(i/.
Rev. C. Uiivid, an-|
nuiil salary 'iml.
Cliurcli Missionaries.'
Rev. N. Garstin,
annual salary 7Wl.
Church Mission,
iries.
Maduwe at
Cotta.*
Dutch church
iu the I'Ort ol
(iatte.t
Christ's Ch.
on Church Hill
at liadaf^ania.
I M 'I'rincomale
f t St. .fohn's
i. cliurch at
I, Ji\triia.
rChurdiat N'el-
l lore. 5
'Divine sirvirc
is performed
in the district
Court House
at Kandy.
The school
room on the Mis-
sion I'reniisos at
Kandy is appro
priated for pub
lie worsliip.
2.511
900
4011
Si-"'
^■3 5
o = a
'A
300
{
200
SO
J 40
1 112
r abt.
abt.
SU
400
250
2(;
200
•' (
70
50
2S0
100
100
* At Cotta Divine .Service is held tv\'ice on a Sunday in
English and once in Cingalese. At live of the village
schools, once every Sunday, at throe once a fortnight, and
at three others onee a month.
+ Divine Service is held occasionally on week-days at
some of the villasc schools.
t This Churcl\ is not consecrated.
5 Divine Service is also held in tlie Fort Church at Jaffna
once tt fortnight, and in some of the village schools on Sun-
day aiternoons, and on week days.
3 c
-. it
'S
378
CKYLON.— RE! TGION.
Roman Catholic Chapctg In Ceylon in 1830.— [B. II,]
Chnppl, where
situated.
Sa.S Sd.S
o- ='0 gii
■,-&S
0-§
d "
y.
Cliapcl (loilicnti'd to
St. Lncin at Cot-
tnncliiiia
Do. (lodicatcd to St.
Antliony in Si-a
Btroi't at Colombo
Do. to the lllcssfd
\irKin Mary in
New.stri'ct do. ..
Do. to do. in Chcc-
koo-8trcet . .
Do. to St. Anne in
do. at Colombo . .
Do. to St. Vhilip Nori
in Malaban-strect
at do
Do. to the Blessed
VirRin Mary in
Fisher's-street at
do
Do. to St. Sebastian
in Silversmith's
street at do
Do. to do. at Small
I'ass
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Slave Island..
Do. to St. Joseph at
Grand Pass .. ..
Do. to the Ulesscil
Virpin Mary at
Mattacoo . . . .
Do. to St. John at
Muttwall . . . .
Do. to St. James at
do
Do. to St. Andrew at
do
nil. to the Blessed
Virgin Maiy at
Colpetty
Do. to do. at Mabolle
Do. to St. John the
Baptist at Nagodde
Do. to St. Peter and
St. Paul at Ua-
gamme
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Kandannno . .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Hendelle .. ..
Do. to do. at do. . .
Do. to St. Joseph at
Pamoenoegammc
Do. to St. Anthony
at do
Do. to St. Anne at
Walligampitia
Do. to St. I'raneis
Xavier at Wewelle
Do. to St. Anthony
atBattigam ..
Do. to tlie Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Rannowenne
Do. to do. at Mid-
delewitte
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Morogodde
Do. to tlie Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Tudelle
Do. to do. at Uswat-
tekeya
Do. to St. Barbara at
Teliehcnne . .
3000
lOflO
TOO
800
800
yoo
601)
500
400
400
800
300
1000
goo
600
60
400
800
2497
807
906
480
1405
537
550
694
209
1399
249
1206
997
600
40
206
870
300
239
500
406
700
800
340
467
1500
1155
60
5fi
MOO
303
1200
695
600
327
600
l!iO
60
197
100
250
600
900
80
120
90
.17
1=
chapel, where
situated.
,1
S;a.= ij;=c
■s^ = - Si
= •- o = ?,
s.s
._ I.sfi
chapel dedicated to
the Blcssfd Virgin
Miiry at llandarr-
watto
t)o. to do. at Scdewe
Do. tost. Vhilip Neri
at Udanwittc. .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Dehngntterre.. ..
Do. to St. cajetan at
Kattegod . . . .
Do. to the Blessed
\irgin Mary at
EkelU
Do. to St. Anthony at
Welleweria . . . .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Weweldenin.. .
Do. to the lllessed
\'irgin Mary at
I'ellliigodde ..
Do. to St. Anne at
Calany .. ..
Do. to St. I'raneis
de Sales at Dalu-
gam
Do. to St. Joseph at
I'amoenoewclie . .
Do. to St. Antliony
at Mnharrc . . . .
Do. to St. Sebastian
at do
Do. to St. Anne at
Wattele
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at do
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Sedawatte . .
Do. to tlie Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Pannebakcrry
Do. to St. Anthony
at Yuttowitto
Do. to .'it. Joseph at
TarcUe
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Hiingwellc
Do. t) St. Anne at
Airsawelle . .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Weliewitte . . . .
Do. tr, do. at Sitta-
wakke
Do. to St. Anthony
at Ambeteile
Do. to St. John the
Baptist at Desastu
Caltiira .. ..
Do. to St. Philip Neri
at Katukuriuide
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Kallenulle
Do. to St. Anthony
at do
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at do,
Do, to Jesus at do...
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Kudajiayagalle
Do. to St. Joseph at
Mayapayagalle
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Ucallegodde
60
70
200
40
300
400
500
400
400
350
JOO
400
80
100
100
150
100
50
80
100
70
60
fioo
400
600
60()
700
700
500
600
70
180
89
150
190
80
■4
70
46
50
30
25
360
350
255
350
323
237
360
140
146
45
180
256
277
137
136
89
40
7(>
377
79
220
409
460
6,55
355
440
Chapel, where
situated.
a
2— "^
= ■-8
d
>5
-So
d"S
Chapel dedicated to
the lllessed Virgin
Mary at IMahania-
eoon
Do. to St. Anne at
Batberyn
Do. to St. Jame.s at
Calnanioderc
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Alutgammc ..
Do. to St Anthony
at Gaikisse , .
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Katmalane
Do. to St. Peter at
Mnrotto
Do. to St. Joseph at
do
Do. to St. Anthony
at do
Do. to St. Sebastian
at do
Do. to the Blessed
Virsjln Mary at
Pantura.. ..
Do. to do. at Waddu.
we
Do. to St. Anne at
Kurnegalle ..
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary In
Grand.street at
Negombo
Do. to St. Sebastian
in l'"islier-street at
do
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Doowe
Do. to do. at Pittp.
pane
Do. to do. at Medde.
wallc
Do. to St. Anne at
Kowonc. .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Bolewelane ..
Do. to St. Joseph at
Tallendoowe
Do, to St. Seba.'itian
at Kaltopitty. . . .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Periamuller .. ..
Do. to St. Anthony
at Kattoo . . . .
Do. to St. Anne at
Palligetorre . . , .
Do. to do. at Pallen..
chena
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Kotchieudde.. ..
Do. to St. Philip
Neri Toppoo..
Do. to St. Anthony
at Mowotanne ..
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Ilalpc .. ..
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Kaymelle
Do. to St. Francis
Xavier at do, , .
600
500
50
60
300
300
500
800
150
100
000
400
1,^0
2(i()0
670
505
47
207
217
204
2.'i3
inu
4"
405
30.)
1850
2000 , 1500
300
200
250
2500
606
1000
51)0
100
56
150
309
360
360
400
305
500
407
500
4;u
300
100
400
307
1,-jO
400
150
100
600
;ou
125
160
,')00
130
SIUI
CEYLON.— RELIGION.
Roman Catholic CImpuU in Ceylon In IHSA, r'sn/itinfi/.— [R.ll.]
^7y
a
c = f
f S
6m
50
60
.100
300
SdO
800
ISO
100
SCO
400
IJO
2600
,100
200
Mil
6,-0
505
4;
207
217
204
251
100
•«77
405
30,1
1850
•iOOO , 1500
2500
606
1000
560
100
56
150
3og
3fl0
36i>
400
305
500
40/
500
4;o
300
100
400
311;
i:>o
400
150
100
500
700
125
160
500
130
5IIII
i)
•n
7)
GO
a
n
q
g .
5 •
9 >^^
u
.
S »<6i
h4
^
" ti
Chnpt'l, where
M — C
m
= 4, t;
^A
y.
s"
Chapel, where
d ^A
'A
oa
1°
situated.
= ■-£
11
1=
\v.
n
Kitiiuted.
d
ChRpi'l dedicated to|
Cluipel dedicated tc
tlie lilcsso'l Virgin
St. Anthony a
Mary nt llolew.ilti
300
507
1 .
CalBanio .. ..
80
lOC
Do. to St. Selmstiaii
at (iiiiU'Ue .. ..
lOU
300
O'l. to the Ulessec
Do, to St. Anthony
>
Virffin Mary a
nt Maynanmduin
20U
150
£
Ualle
1400
719
Do, to the lUessed
Do. to do, at Mat
Virgin Mary nt
'A
nia
400
40
Kettanibadile
500
307
Do. to Si. Joseph at
Oo, to the Blessed
WaiiMcpoiie ..
400
260
Virgin Mary a
Do. to ,St. Selmstiun
Trinc'oniale ..
150U
MOO
at Kattoonery . .
200
105
Do. to St. Anthony a
Do, to the Blessed
do
150
59
\irKlii Mary al
I>". to St. James a(
Cnlpentyn ,. ,.
1000
405
do
300
20
Do. to do. at Andi.
Do. to St. John at
amhelan
50
34
do
400
34
Do. to St. Anthony
Do. to St. Anthony
at Mekttoo . . ..
150
71)
at Cuttciir . . . .
300
iCo
Do. to St. Sebastian
1)1'. to the llles.seil
at Narekalle. , ,,
200
47
Virgin Mary at
Do. to the Blessed
Pollantivor . . ..
1000
510
VirKi'i Mary at
Do. to St. Anthony
Saiuboeolam,. ..
150
100
at Poeliaiitivor , .
Coo
347
Do. to do. at Scllc-
C
Do. 10 the Blessed
pcrooniaval . . . .
80
SO
a
Virgin Mary at
Do. to do. at Nawal-
'>
Cottoniouc . .
5011
ry.\
3
■?■
kadoc
150
I2()
I
G
u
Do. to St. Joseph at
s 1)0. to St. Anthony
;; 1 at 'I'alowaya . . . .
Tennemiiiic ., ,,
3U0
39
Co
50
Do. to the lllesscd
"5
1 iDo. to St. .Schastian
<u
Virgin Mary at
1
atXallepnlU'.. ..
200
110
rt
Aniodagalle .. ,,
300
24
g I Do. to the Ble-ssed
a VirRin Mary at
U
Do. to do. at Mnlle-
S
tivor
800
170
c
'> Knowecolum
91)
30
Do. to St. Anne at
£ Do. to St. Antliony
Chilawatlo ..
3(1
*/
i
&
at Poraparlpo
80
90
Do. to St. Anthony
C3
c
Do. to do. at Marau ■
at Alenibel . . . .
150
17
Of
a>
danwelle . . . .
80
30
Do. to St. Sebastian
Do. to do. at Patte-
nt Waltnpalle.. ..
■ on
51
1
'f
dewelle
Do. to do. at Mogat-
tuwaram . . . .
Do. to St. Stephen at
Malletnniareolum
Do. to St. Paul at
200
150
127
40
70
77
Do. to St. ( ajitan at
Carevelnncandel .
Do. to St. Jo.scidi at
Poodo Kodiripo . .
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
50
500
17
233
"A
Pallekodda .. ..
200
160
Mutalara ..
100
39
Do. to St. Anne at
do
400
v
Chapel dedicated to
Do. to St. Francis
the lllcssed Virgin
Xavier at Kattc-
Mary in Pisher St.
kadoc
150
107
at Jaffna
1500
404
Do. to St. Lucia at
Do, to do. in do. at
Bambcbattane . .
200
70
do
1000
Co
Do. to the Blessed
Do. to St, James in
Virgin Mary at
do. at do
1400
305
Chilaw
1500
807
g
Do. to the li;essed
Do. to do. at Marchi-
Virgin Mary in
kattoo
260
97
□
Painter's st, at do.
1000
205
Du. to tlic Blessed
Do, to St. Anthony
Virgin Mary at
£
at Pasaoor . ,
700
256
Marawelle . . . .
260
I5(>
c
Do. to St. John at
Do. to St. James at
u
Chuudecooly, . , ,
700
37
Caradivo . . . .
70
60
.2
Do. to the Blessed
Do. to St. Anthony
i
Virjii" Mary at Co-
at salanglo . , . ,
80
105
z
lombogam , .
500
50
Do. to the Blessed
[)o. to St. Nicholas
Virgin Mary at
at Navantotre ..
1200
155
Suakodiapo .. ..
;«
-6
Do. to St. Sebastian
Do, to St. James at
at Paretenrrwelle
200
30
Mondel
60
76
Do. to the lile.iscd
Oo, to St. Anthony
Virgin Mnry at
at Hellewellc
70
105
Aiinacotta ..
150
40
Do. to do. at Kattc-
Do, to St, Peter and
pattoo
■0
<»5
Paul at Nawelle
Coo
106
chapel, where
situated.
Chapel dediented to
St, Anthony nt
Cnndarinione
Du, to the Itlessed
Virgin Mary at
Poneryn, . , ,
Do. to St. Anthony
at (.'onictemone ,.
Do, to St, James at
Natehekador , . , .
Do. lo St. Anthony
at lllei)ccurdewc
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mnry at
Chundicolnm
Do. to do, nt Two
Brother's Island,,
Do. to St. Anthony
at do
Do. to St. John nt
Delft Island,, ,.
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at do.
Do. to do. at do.
Do. to St. Anthony
at do
Do. tost. Thomas at
do
Do, to St, James at
do
Do. to St. Lawrence
at do
Do to St, Peter nnd
Paul at Tillepnlle
Do. to St. John nt
Palle
Do, to St. Anthony
nt Canligantotre
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary atPe-
rinnwelentorie , ,
Do. to do, at VVasa-
colam
Do. to do.atCattaya-
pelum
Dip. to St. Antliony
at Pnllalc , .
Do. todo, ntTolyettc
Do. to St. Joseph at
Aclioewelly ..
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Maryati;a.
rowitty
Do, to St, Anthony
at Waddey . . , ,
Do, to St. Sebastian
at Wnllowettitorre
Do. to St. Joseph at
Ploly .. .,
Do. to St. Anthony
at Calctty . .
Do. to tlie Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Toompelly ,.
Do. to St, Sebastian
at Cattowolam . ,
Do. to St. Nicholas
at Merewel ..
Do. to St. Thomas at
Catchay
Do. to St. James at
(U
Do, to St. Michael at
C'alule
I)ii, to St, Thomns
at "to
Do, to St, Anthony
t Satlcy . . . .
a.E'o
^ oj a
o c a
. « S
o «*«
A
III)
2'i0
50
200
26
100
17
40U
4U
300
70
40
76
60
50
300
76
250
S5
400
39
250
86
400
40
150
10
250
30
250
II
400
27
40(1
52
600
151
50(1
79
000
153
3(1(1
60
3(J0
55
60
11,5
150
123
300
52
500
64
200
83
300
115
300
63
300
100
200
24
500
30
40(1
20
250
29
300
S3
I' '»
t
v
%').
380
a.
a
I
CKYI.ON.— RKLIGION.
Roman CatlmliR ChapcU In Coylon In IHitH, mmllHutfd.—[ti. II.
Chappl where
gittmtcd.
5i^
Clmpi'l dedicated to
the lllcsHfd Virgin
Mary at .Satley
Do. to St. Hulmsiiiui
atllF.niolodokuniiy
Do. to .St. I'ri\ii('i8
Xavler at Otto.
welly . . . .
Do. to St. Peter and
Vnul Ht Hiille.
Do. to St. Anthony
at Mnnelkador ..
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Codarocpe
Do tost. l'hillii>Neri
at Soinhaiipiittoo
Do. to St. Anthony
at 'I'oliltntiidel
Do. to do, at Wat-
telekerry
Do. to .St. Sebastian
at Poeiloeinnilani
Do. to the lllesscd
Virgin Mary at
Kattakador
Do, to do. at Oedea-
tocerawoo . . . .
Do. to do. at Elle-
walle
Do. to St. Philip Ncrl
at EUewallepattoo
Do. to St. James at
Cake-KUcwallo
Do. to St. Cajetan at
do
Do. to St. John at
Feriawolam
Do. to St, Joseph at
Allowitty
Do. to St. Anthony
at Sannagam
Do. to do. at Pandi.
teripo . . . .
Do. to St. Thomas at
Mudagee
Do. to St Anthony
at do
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Gellale
Do. to St. Anthony
at Kaits
Do. to the liicssed
Virgin Mary at do.
Do. to St. James at
do
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Cawcmben
Do to St. Peter and
Paul at Naren
tenne
Do. to tlie Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Sorrowcl . .
Do. to St. Francii-
Xavier at Ponge-
retivor
Do. to the iSlesscd
Virgin Mary at
Satty . . . .
Do. to do. at at Al-
lopoctty
Do. to St. Peter and
Paul at Mandeti vor
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin iMary at
Perianawecolum
-260
7"
f)()
90
70
70
70
90
70
80
KO
70
600
500
450
250
30o
400
70
90
500
300
SCO
800
500
600
350
350
250
200
100
250
100
600
„
w
3t
l>. i'c
u
s3 =
5 *?"
S ,
S3 =
a
a.S£
u a u
8|
Chapel where
situated.
= -Ti I
u^ a
ill
■^ P «<
is
■i:.a
Chapel where
situated.
ill
■A
20
5^^
'A "
"«
'A
r
- 5^
A
Chapf 1 ded<'ati'd to
Chapel dedicated to
St.Aiineat'llaiigiillc
loon
AOS
St . Anthony at
34
D.i. to the Holy
Cross at Kallc-
Kombanclumdico
lam
150
■A-
12
kattekadne
Do. to the lllt'ssed
Virgin Mary at
;tni>
185
Do. to St. Anne at
Katekudentecn-
lam
3UII
<K
14
Adaniben . . . .
Do. to St. Anthony
Quo
67
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
12
at Triiverekrimy
Do. to St. James at
250
57
Katti-adeinlie
Do. to St. John at
1511
14
311
Paiieniotto
Do. to the Blessed
150
31
IMurattakandel . .
Do. to St. Antliony
10(1
4;
59
Virgin Mary at
Maligatocdal
200
190
at Handiakattoo
Do. to St. Sebastian
100
3!!
74
Do. toSt.l'hilipNeri
at Kattekador
200
5G
at Marailainattoo
Do.toSt. Anthony at
200
■t"
61
Do. to St. Josepli at
Adaiiilianmolro
700
Iti4
I'anncwettewere
Do. to tlie lllessed
l.',0
ii
75
Do. to St. I'eter at
Virgin Mary at
Wclcnicoliuii
1 50
3fl
I'errimoripo
150
yi
(i;t
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Perepcneundil ..
(ioo
87
Do. to St. Sebastian
at Mauar . .
Do. to the Blessed
I5II0
2(i;
53
Do. to St. Thomas
Virgin Mary at
at Nagctal . . . .
200
I«9
I'aiiitcr's-st.in do.
4011
■v
20
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Do. to do, at Sinue-
hadoe
1500
i:,:,
150
Wallikaniev
Do. to St. Francis
200
82
Do, to .St. Lacia at
Pallemone . .
500
•200
100
Xavier at Akelto.
Do. to St. Nicholas
wclle
150
S6
at Wcllcnkadc . .
500
10
87
"S
Do. to St. Anthony
■g
Do. to St. Antliony
a
at Karepokudan-
B
at Wellikadiie . .
300
ilj
57
•5
tar.
I.IO
4fi
w
Do. to St. Andrew
a
Do. to do. at Melle-
a
at Tottowclle
350
10,0
40
2
wanne
160
37
8
Do. to St. Anno at
11
Do. to St. Sebastian
0)
Kerry
200
Ii4
94
a
at Natcliicolum
90
34
a
Do.toSt. Philip Neri
s
Do. to the Blessed
2
cu
at Koruankodirpu
100
Il'.>
40
2
Virgin Mary at
Do. to St. Bartholo-
cu
Karewel
70
57
mew at C>letodoo-
37
a
Do to. St Anthony
wey
100
70
at Wadatelwumbo
150
37
Do. to St. Anthony
80
t
Do. to do. at Man.
at Owerry . . , .
:oo
13.i
deolam
150
34
&
Do. to St. Sebastian
1.32
Do. to do. St. Peter
at Koodowcleptop.
at Katehankolani
700
194
poo
1.50
7-;
Do. to St. Anthony
Do. to St. Peter at
447
atPaliekalle
Do. to the Blessed
ISO
57
San Pedro
Do. to St. Anthony
200
75
300
Virgin Mary at
Aripo
400
276
at Talekodapo . .
Do. to St. Anthony
100
.'):>
227
Do. to St. James at
Kokukudian
ISO
44
at Serotoppoo . .
Do. to the Blessed
100
50
209
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Virgin Mary at
Karval
150
1(11
207
Malecolam . .
Do. to St. Thomas at
150
56
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
Kanctte .. ..
200
52
Pesalle
1500
(inil
170
Do. to St. James at
Do. to do. at Kale-
Merangan ..
250
34
atoorkodirpo
l.'i0
,'lt
Do. to St. Sebastian
Do. to do. at Zoletta
100
47
60
atSeteakattekailoe
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
500
54
Do. to St. Thomas
at Vedipanne
Do. to St. Francis
200
6:.
177
1
i
Watcliaiicolum
Do. to St. .\ntliony
at Penckundal ..
200
ISO
62
105
Xavier tX MoUeti-
del
Do. to St, James at
150
V,
2-
Do. to .St. Philip Neri
at Attekooly
500
84
Totokararkodirpo
Do, to St. Anthony
100
3;
125
Do. to the Blessed
Virgin Mary at
at Kanchceole
Do. to St. Paul at
150
47
60
Mauettun . . . .
Do. to do. at Passe-
600
196
Talankadoe
Do. to St. Lawrence
40
40
colum
300
54
at Talemanar
60
100
155
Do. to St. Joseph at
Do. to St. Anthony
Foomalantau
250
84
at Periacotta
30
10
k
chapel
situn
20
£
Chapel de(
^
St. Ant
w
Andcpi'U
Do. to tin
Virgin
Poncmac
£
Do. to do. 1
a
lam
Do. to St.
JZ
^
at Modcli
Do. to do.
z
becolam
Dissenting
rinci'.—l^'i'ile'jii
I ; Ncgoinbo, 1
1 ; Wakadde, 1
Sdulhi'i-n I'nii
1 ; Wcheregami
Knsti'ni I'ror
TotHl. 2.
Districts
Colombo
Point de Galle
Matura
Chilaw
Kandyan Pravii
10
a
= 58
z Z ^
IJO
:<:
3UU
iC
1,11)
14
100
4;
ino
:i!l
'.'00
47
ISO
42
l.-iO
52
1600
20;
100
5/
1500
1 55
500
200
500
40
300
4(i
H50
105
200
(i4
100
112
100
7"
;oo
135
150
7-!
200
75
100
55
100
50
150
101
1500
fi»l)
IJO
100
,il
47
200
65
150
45
100
37
150
47
40
40
60
100
30
40
CKYLON.— RKLIGION.
Roman Catliullc chapcU in Coyinn In iHiifl, ConHnued.—lh.n.]
.3H1
S .
i
oa
chapel where
situated.
o
2
Chiipel (Icdlciitccl to
St. Anthony nt
AndepoleancolBiii.
Do. to the lllcssed
Virgin Mary at
I'onemacolnm
Do. to do. nt Oloco-
lam
Do. to St. Anthony
at Modeliarcoliira
Do, to do. at Erain-
becolam . . ■ .
30
150
120
90
100
•• 1
1
46
s
>•
b»
70
3.
32
a
it
:>7
e
52
z
Chapel where
bitiiatcd.
Chnpel dediciUt-d
to ,St. .Sebastian
at koomarcseco-
litm
Do. to St. Anne at
I'owansancnlam
Do. to the lllcsHed
Viri;iii Mary at
Pcriatcnkenne ..
Do. to do. at Salle
HaancMavi'lleando
a
60
60
300
100
0.
34
30
137
35
Chapel where
situated.
m
\'S.
chapel dedicated to
St. .lunios at I'a-
ronkollo
Do. to do. at I'oll-
kadoe
Chapel dedicated to
St. Antliony at
Kundy
Do. to St. John at
VVuhacotta
200
ISO
1200
200
as
37
37
457
270
Dissenting Places of Worship. — U'cstern Prn-
,.in,.,. — ll'i'sleijiin. — Colombo Fort, 1 ; ditto I'ettali,
I ; Ni'^ombo, 1 J Delupottc, 1 ; Souduo, 1 ; Ciiltiirii,
i ; Wakadde, 1 ; I'antiirn, 1 ; Kgodcnyana, I. Total, ;).
Sdiitlii'm l^mrincr. — Gallc, 1 ; Matura, 1 ; Bclligani,
1; Wehcregampite ; Dondia, 1. Total, ,5.
Kaatcrn Province. — Trinconialc, 1 ; batticaloa, 1.
Total, :;.
VIII. Return of the Number of Schools in Ceylon in 1h;u
Nnrthcrn Prorinci'. — Jaffna, H ; Point Pedro, 1 ;
Total, 4.
Aiiwriciin. — Northrni Prnriiicn. — Tillipally, 1 ;
Hatticotta, 1 ; Oodooville, 1 ; Panditt'ri|K), 1 j Ma-
ncpy, 1 ; Chavaghacerry, 1 ; Varany, I. Total, 7.
liitptiit, — ll'i'stern I'ruvince. — Colombo Fort, 1 ;
ditto Pcttali, 1 ; Grand Pass, 1 ; IlanwcUa, 1 ; Byain-
wella, 1. Total, 5.
4.^
J! No. of Missionary
6
•c
aJ
a
Divisions.
Governn
chools.
h
n.
Schools.
■3
u
w
1
B
3
go
Districts.
d
i
1
!
d i
2.2
.C.2
OS
.2
•c
E
<
.2
P3
>
6
Colombo
Four Gravots of Colombo . .
Aloetkoer Korle
Sclpitte Korle
Hina Korle . .
7
10
7
5
2
1
Hapitigam Korle . .
1 ;
1 13
35
. ,
16
419
537
36
I
Hewagam Korle . .
5
Raygam Korle
9
1
Pasdaem Korle
7
Walalawitty Korle . .
3
1
Point de Galle
Four Gravels of Galle
Walalawitty Korle . .
2
4
Gangebodde Pattoo
4
•14
10
3
47
1
I
Talpe Pattoo
5
Wellabodde Pattoo . .
5 1
1
Matura . .
Fou' Gravets of Matura . .
Bellif am Korle
2
7
Moi uwa Korle
1
12
. .
31
, ,
1
Girrewa Pattoo
4
Gangebodde Pattoo . .
5
Batticaloa ..
1
4
. .
2
7
, ,
I
Trincomale . .
2
, .
6
, .
, ,
4
12
1
Jaffna
1
19
12
100
, ,
138
270
20
1
Manar
, ,
, ,
1
, ,
28
29
3
1
Chilaw ,
Chilaw
Calpentyn , .
Delft
Total
Kandy, &c.
1
1
-..
••
■•
••
56
I
58
1
1
I
1
99
4f)
80
100
16
649
1039
63
Kandyan Provinces .
10
..
..
..
..
10
1
Komegalle, &c.
Grand Total
••
••
6
• •
• •
••
6
••
09
56
86
100
16
649
1055
••
17
m\
^'^^1
382
CKYl.ON.— KDl'CATION.
School'", *<". of Coylon. {Rxtrnrtci! from the Rpportii of ttio Hecrotary to tlio Bchoul CommlH<lon, tin- KInv't VI It ir,
till- CltTifyiimii of 111.' Diitrli Clmri'li, tlii' AskWiuiI Military Hccrcturv. tlu« novrrul MU»lomiry Socii'tiiM. the Onvprn.
nioiit AKciitH, niul till- Vli'«r.(leniT«l of tlio Roiimn CiitlioMr ConKreifiitlon. Slifiinl, I'. AiiHtrtitluT, ColoiiUI Hcrri'tary,)
ntitrlct.
Public or I'rro Ucbnol,
nil (I
wlivtu situated.
Colombo
Public 8rii(ioi,n.
Wi-alirn I'mriiivi:
Coloinlici Acnilomy at
I St. SebastlaiiN.
School at llulftBdorp. .
Itltto In the Kort
Ditto at St. Thomas's
Clinrch.
I'Viiinle ditto attached
to ditto.
School at GalklsHu ,,
Ditto at Morottoo
Ditto at ditto ..
Ditto at rniitiira
Orphan Asylum at
t'olpctty.
WoUcndaht School In
the Hcttah.
Chilaw and
Putlam.
School at Clillaw ..
Ditto at Calpcntyn
Ditto at ditto . .
Galle
Tangallc ..
Hambantotte
Southern Priti'inre.
I'ppcr school at fiallc
Lower ditto at ditto ..
School at Tangnlle ..
Ditto at Hambantotte
Amount of Salary of
Nchoolniaiiter or
NchoulmlatroH.
Number of
Hcholan,
1 I S
Head master •imtl, \ rhlcf
aHRJHtnnt In the lower
school do/, i four other
anslstnnts.
EnRlMi teacher lOHf. |
and assistant, (c)
Knirilsh teacher M)l. \ as-
H|^t. Knir. teacher ;i(l/.
Knttll-'h teacher '</) i as.
sist. Enff. teacher :i(l/.
Malabar teacher Hi/. Idx.,
and schooliiiistreHH ()/,
Clerk and native teacher
IH/.
Clerk and native teacher
IH/.
EntflNh teacher 4'J/.
Ditto, :i(i/
Matron ill)/. ; gchoolmas
ter IS/.
Schoulmautor 30/.
English teacher so/.
Ditto 311/
Native teacher 'Ul.
Enu'llsh teacher 36/.
Ditto 3(1/
Ditto 3(1/
Ditto 3ti/
mil
41t
2.1
33
Trincomale
Eastern Proninre.
Batticaloa .
School at Trincomale
Ditto at Batticaloa . ,
Jafrtia
Manar
Nortliern Province.
School in the I'ettah. .
Ditto at Vaniiapoune
Ditto at Chandicooly
Ditto at Annicotta .
Ditto at Copaay . . .
Ditto at Mauar . . .
Kandy . .
Matelle .
Madawalatcnnc
Badulla ..
Central Promnce.
School at Kandy
Ditto at Matelle . .
Do. at Madawalatcnnc
Do. at Badulla . .
English teacher 36/.
laliar ditto Vil.
Native ditto 24/. . .
Ma-
EnRllsh teacher 36/.
Ditto 22/. 10.1.; assistant
ditto 7/. in.
Ditto 22/. lUfi. ; assistant
ditto 7/. is.
Ditto 22/. 10.«. j assistant
ditto -I. 4s.
Ditto 22/. los. 1 assistant
ditto 71. 4s.
Catechlst and native
teacher 12/.
English teacher 36/. ,
Ditto 36/
Ditto 36/
Ditto 18/
6d 15
118
144
57
S2
Mode of
Initructlon.
I0<J The usual branches
of a classlciil onil
niatheniatlcul edu-
cation.
42<Spelllng, reading,
j writing, urraiiiniiir,
lOD arithini'tle, ^^ ca.
techlsni are taught
4S In the English
schools, Ik wilting,
33 reailing, and cate-
chism only ill the
2.'i native scIiooIh.
(/)
i/r)
PI
KXpCIIKt'H
of ecicli
l%ti Seli.Kl.
S
By Gov.
*. ». (/
nil) u
3lill
.1. //.
%9 M SO >■
86 u n' Ml n
36 n II 3(> II II
24 6 III 21 (i >
18 n 18 II II
18 IH II
42 n nl 42 n o
36 ll' Hi II II
6S2 13 II 6S2 1.1 II
132 On the Improved
plan i Eng. read-
ing, writing, anil
tlio principles of
religion & morals,
arithmetic and
grammar, Ike. kk)
Spelling, reading,
writing, grammar,
arithmetic, cate-
chism, Ike. are
taught in the Eng-
lish schools; read-
ing, writing, and
catechism only In
the native schools.
48 n (I
"8
39
84
118
109
144
57
52
38
17
18
19
SpcUing, reading,
writing, grammar,
arithmetic, cate-
chism, Ike.
4H I.'i 11
50
.'ill
» II
34
10
u
31
10, /l.
24
u
24
II II
48
4S
1
3(i
II
3(i
o;A-,
3« 0| 36 0,,,
3(i 01 311 n'"
48 48 U II
34
48
29 14 II
29 14
29 14 U
29 14
42
48 n
3fi II
36
18 n
Salary of the secretary to the School Commission
Salary of the clerk in charge of the accounts to the School Commission
Total annual expenditure of the public schools
RgniMKNTAL Schools,
Colombo
Western Province.
is Majesty's 58th re-
gimental school in
the Fort of Colombo.
His Majesty's 90th re-
gimental (Light In-
fantry), (o)
•stern rro
( His
J ; e
■■|l "
L'His
Scrgt. Jefferies, regimnt.l 20 18 I 102
pay, l.v. lOi/. per ilay. I6l adults
(«■
Sergt. G. Ward, Is. lOrf. 6 8 46
per day. 32 do
Bell's system
Ditto . .
4H illl)
2!) 14
29 14
29 11 II
29 14
•12 (I
48
36 (I
36 II
18 U
.'0!U
.Ml
10
11
1) II
.'134
11
10 « HI 1 1
10 10 II
I'ui
Dlitriot.
r
His
K
o
Colombo
11
-
Ho J
1.
ri
s
Kustirii
Triiii'omalc .. His
gl
I'
Centriil /■
His
gi
Ki
Ditt
Fhkr 8r
Chiirrli Missioi
Western I
Chii
nt
Ciiliimlio
1 Kii
(ii
Gallc .
JaffliB .
(.18 t
Stl
Soiitliern P
f Seni
■•] I til
L 7 Dil
Northern P
Sein
■■{
I En
13 '1
StE
Centriil P
1 E
Kb
1 Oil
5Cii
1 Tai
Wesleynn Missio
Western P,
|3 Sol
Colombo
Xe
1 Dlt
42 Di
lat
(ia'le
Matura ,
Southern P
/ !2 Scl
•■ llniD;
lai!
f 2Uit
. ..\. .lii
L 13 Di
lae
Centrul Pr
I Scl
1 Dlt
I Dit
89 '.
hil n i>
•M (I ti
34 li I
18 II
IH
4H 15 II
,')ll
III
1 ''
II II
II, /i
II II
48
30
:i«
1 H(i
0(*-
48
II
24
11 II
) 4K
1 •2[\
,1)11
U
1 ;!!)
U II
1 '-'9
11 II
1 29
U II
1 42
II
1 48
1 -.Ifi
1 :il)
) 18
n
(1
11
U
21194
All
10
11
D II
2154
U 11
III n fl
10 II
CF.YI,ON.— FDUCATION.
Behnol*, ^0. of CtyloB—nimUHUfit,
ll>
Oittrlct.
Colombo
I'ubllc or Free Rchool,
iktiil
wlirre itltiiated.
IIU MaJcHty'ii C'oylim
liltU- Iti'Kiiiirnt (liltii
on tlu> (liillc K->|>la-
uadu at Culuiiibu,
Itoyal Artillery A nun
I.HHcar turpii private
ri'iflmcnt. »chool on
Klavu Ulanil. Ip)
Amount of Salary of
Bchonlmaiitcr or
School mlitrcii.
Triiu'unialc
Kimtrni I'riirinri'.
Ills Mttjcsty'ii m«t 'e-
Kin)ciital Hchiiol In
Kiitt Krpik'rick, at
Trlnconiulc.
Centrnl Prnfinre,
Ills MRjcsty'd 7Hth re-
irinii-ntal 8choul at
Kiindy.
Ditto si'Wlni; Hchool
Numbtr of
■eholan.
Riiropcan arrKt. rciflint.
|iny, in. id. per iluy ) 2
rorpnmlH (MalayHi, 1
rcci'lviiiK U''- a»<l thr
otiicr Hf<, pvr (lay 1 I'x-
trik pay an holiooliiiuH-
tcm ;i</. t-ach per ilay.
One corporal, rvcclviiiK
ill). (!(/, per niontli 1 ax-
ilitant 3j, per ditto.
One HerKcant, pajr li.iod.
per day.
One "crBcant, pay M.IOrf.
per day.
M. A. Davldaon
1S0
lA
32
Mode of
iDitructlOt^.
pi
o a 6.0
s
Rxpenic*
of eacli
Hchool.
34
30 23
64 adultit
10
^. I. d.
157 Readlnt, writing, M
EnKllnh »t Malay,
arithmetic and
grammar.
I A Commoo
40 UuU'i syttvm .
lie
10
Total annual expenditure of regimental achooli
Ditto
Kachico"
Ijuirar
pay* In.
per
month.
10
in fl r>l.
vol. nub
fl voln
contrlb.
£. I. d.
afl
FitKK SniooLs
Church MiHHUiniirii Society,
WfHti^rn I'rix'inci',
' Chiistinn Institution
nt Cottn. (7I
L'oliimiio ..< 1 KtiKlish school at do
1 (iirlH' ditto lit ditto.
1. 18 CiiiRaleKO do. at IH
stations.
Galle .
Juffiia .
Siiiithern t'i'winre.
Seminary atllada^nma
1 Girla' school at ditti
I l^ioKalesc do, at do.
7 Ditto at 7 utatlonh . .
MlUlhl
•■{
rori/ii
Teacher and assistants,
41/. 13». 4rf.
Mu.stcr 21/. 2.<i. till/.
Ditto 211/. 1 1,«. ()d
Ditto 14tf/. 10«
Master 18/.
Ditto Ml. ..
Ditto 14/. 14«.
Ditto ^2/. 49.
Nurthrrn I'niriiirf,
Seminary at Nollorc. .
1 Entflisli school .. ..
13 THmiil ditto at 12
stations.
Colombo
Centnil Prarinrf,
1 KiiKliith school at
Kaiidy.
1 (iirls' illtto at ditto. .
5 Cins;alesc ilitto ....
ITamuldltto .. ..
Wealeyiin Itlis-iloniir!/ Sncirty.
W'estrni I'ritmncf,
3 Schools at (,'olnniho,
NckoiuIh) & Cattura.
1 Ditto at Colpctty . ,
42 Ditto at various vil
iBjfOs.
Head master Of.
Ditto !!/. . .
Ditto 4:./. Via.
Head master 13/. 18.«.
Ditto 19/. HJs.
Dittotil/. 6.S. 7rf. ..
Ditto 14/. I3«. ad. . .
(ia'le
Milium
Southern Prnvinrr.
f i 2 Schools at Galle ..
' ' \ llii Ditto at various vil
lages.
|2 Ditto at Matura and
-lirlcpanuta.
13 Ditto at various vil-
lages.
Centriil Priirinre.
1 School at K.\ndy . .
1 Ditto at I'crailcnia. .
I Ditto at Kondedeiiia
••{
13
29
524
13|
•J
3UI|
30
2.'.
380
13«
34
I.'i4
6i
IG112
1311
701
62
flO
13
Of)
fl23
By classes
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
13 Ditto
9" Ditto
50 Ditto
291 Ditto
3(1
2:)
423
.'J3
33
139
31
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
159 lA !>
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
34 188 English (r)
31 fi7 EnRlish fi Cinealcse
97 11199 CiiiBttlese ..
59 189
70
22
84
Salaries of school visitors
Kent and repairs
1391 C50
English
Cingalese
English
Cingalese
English
English Si Cingalese
Cingalese
10
15 n
fl
87
1.59 10 5
333 14 7
48 4 4
119 3 I
125 7 a
64 19
30 9 4
136 4
6
916 18
7
91 6
6
22 14
355 12
G
36
60 13
10
45
84 7
6
6 a
1 2
1 10
3
fl
710 15
207 fl
9 4
I
6
92(i 19
7
m
1 ■
V ''■\
, i
f.
i;,'i'
■*
iii
. , it'
;ifi»
CEYLON.— KlUJCATION.
Schools, &c. ot Ccy\on—eontinurd.
Ulstrict.
I'ublic or Krcc School,
nnd
where Kittiatcd.
Datticoloa
Ettstft'n iU'ovinri'.
scliools at Trinco
nmlc.
nt nntficaloa
at Ditto
at 4 stations
Trinconiale (
f |l Ditto
.. ■{ 1 Ditto
[ 4 Ditto
Xurthi'rn Priirhnr.
Jaffna
...
WaiUlcmora-
tcliic.
1 I'ettali EiiRlish, B
masters, school at
Julfna. (X)
1 Pettnh I'amul scliool
at ditto.
6 'rniiiiil iichools at H
Ktationsi.
1 ditto nt Point Pedro
7 ditto ditto nt 7 s-ta
tions.
American Uli.i.iiiijiafi/ S(iriif!i.
Sominnry nt Hntticotta
Ccntrnl Uoardin;; sch.
for K'rls at Oodoo-
villp. I
7 English Prepaintory
schools at llnttieottH
and in 6 other pa
rishe».
17.1 Nntlve free schools
in ■.>:) i)arishes.
Baptist Missiimnrii Siicietff,
Wfuffni J'niriiiiv.
1 school at Colombo
Colombo
3 Ditto at ditto
•i Ditto nt ditto
(i Ditto at G stations
Central Prorinrf.
1 Ditto at Matcllc
Amonnt of Salary of
Schoolmaster or
Schoolmistress.
Nnmber of
Scholars.
141
:il
398
(id
iHr,
141)
27:.
r.07;t
:vi
.'II
7(i
■2411
:il)
i:t
id
37
s.^
logu
80
li)4
S4
Mode of
Instruction.
Tainul
EntiUsh
112' laniiil
as Ditto
197
HI
411 j>
0(1
4!(.'>
140
85
275
r>i(33
111
7<'
240
aa
Ui'adinpr.writing and
needlework.
Ditto & needlework.
Ditto and writiiig
Ditto
Ditto
l=J
7 rt o 4.^
Expenses
of encli
School.
f. ». it.
rti.\ I) (I
2!ll) (I II
7J'> 4 I
Total annual expenditure of Free Schools (s)
I'mvATE Schools.
Western Province, .')2l Private Schools. Of these, !>y are under the superlntcndancc of the Vicar-Ucneral of the lloniiin
C.itliolic Conp-rcgntlon.
Southern Province, ri Ditto. Of these. 1 is under the above suporintendancc.
Eastern Province. ()(> Ditto. Of these, 4 are under the aliove superintendnnco.
Northern Province. 227 ditto. Of these, ;t(5 are imder the above superintendunce.
lirniaiim. — (n) Thr px|)cnscs inchide 100/. rent of
picniiscs, for tht; .icadiiuy nnd tin' ri'sidi'tici" of the
licnd-iiia.ster. The ncadciiiy consists of n hif^h scIiool
and a low school ; eaeh boy in the iiiiih school pays
11. 4.V., and eadi boy in the low school half that snin.
All tenchers except the chief assistant, arc paid out of
the income of the head master.
(/') The expenses include 01. salary of the keeper of
the school. 1
(r) Paid as Portuguese Colonial Chaplain of St.
Paul's Chiircli, HWl. yearly. i
{il) Paid as Malabar Colonial Chaplain of St. Tho- j
mas' Church, lOS/. yearly. I
((') Tlie expenses include 4/. \0s. school rent;
reedlework is also taught.
(/) No school kept, the master enjoys his salary as
clerk of the chinch at Morottoo.
(^>-) 'I'he trades of tailor and shoemaker are also •
taught. Tlie asylum is under the sinjprintcndnnce of
the King's Visitor. j
(iSis) This scliool is under tho snpcrintcnilniicc ot
the clergyman of the Dutch church.
(/() The expense includes l/. !().«. school rent.
(0 The expenses include 12/. school rent.
(A') Geography is also taught.
(/} These schools were estal)lished lately, ami no
returns have been received from them.
(ill) The expenses include li!/. school-rent.
(h) The (i4 ad(dts are non-commissioned olliwrs
and privates, who idso receive instructions in the
school at present. They furnish what is recpiiied lor
themselves.
(u) The boys arc regularly taken on the strength »!
the regiment by authority from the Deputy Adjutiint-
(iencral, as 1st, 2d, nnd ;Jd class boys; when of age
they are taken as privates for life, without Imunty,
Hesidcs the class boys (^in mmdier 14(i) there arc 10
boys and I girl, children of soldiers of the rcgitnent
attending the school.
(/') The childen of the Koynl Artillery in mini'icr
criiitcndnnco nl
IntiMy, iitul no
cr:Yi,n\,—Ki)i 'CATION.
;!S.')
\2 boys nnd Ti girls, attend the scIkkiI of tin- !M)tli
rcsiinii'iit.
((/) The Christian Institutioi\ nt Coftii, is intoiiHt'il
tn pivf a Riiporior ediicatinn to n limited number of
youths selected from out-schools, to prepare tliem for
the otVue of teachers, cateehists and assistunt-mis-
sionnries. Supported by the Church Missionary
Siuiety in Kngland, and voluntary contributions in
Ceylon.
The books supplied by the Clnircli Missiotmry So-
ciety are not included in the school expenses, as all
tlinse used in the Cinijalese districts are jirinted ai
the Cottii press, and most of them arc sent out from
I'npland by the f'bnrch Missionary Society. The
teachers are |)aid according to the prolici<'ncy netu-
iilly made by the scholars, which is ascertained by
monthly examinations, so that their salaries vary
from month to month. In the girls' school both at
Cotta and l^adegamma, reading in the native language
and needlework are taught, and the girls daily repeat
cutiThisms or lessons from the Holy Scriptures The
mcule of instruction in tlie seminary is not according
to any general system, but such as appears best to the
rrsident mi-isionary. Knglish reading, writiuL', gram-
mar, arithmetic aiul geography arc taught, and piuti-
(iil:\r care is taken to make the youths acrpiainted
with the Holy Scriptures, aiul to impress on their
mind ( hristiai\ principles. 'I'be seminarists aie
hoarded and clothed, ami a liberal education given
thorn.
[r] In the schools in which the I'-nglish language is
tnuplit, the children are also instructed in the rudi-
ments of grammar, arithmetic and geo^;raphy ; ami at
most of the stations there are a few youths whom the
missionaries personally nistruct in the higher branches
of learning, without any remuneration. 'Hie masti'rs
Rrepiiid l>y a grailuated scale, according to the attend-
aiicennd im[irovenient of the children. I'loch school
is examined almost daily by a visitor, and the salaries
of this class of men, exclusive of what the masters
noeive, amounted in 18HC), to 2011. Iv. The Wesleyan
Mission receives no pecuniary assistance from ;j;o-
vernment. Associations have been formed at all the
stations, to raise contributions towards drlVayii\g the
expenses of the school department, but the sum
total raised for this purpose in 183(>, amounted oidy
to about H(i/. The deliciencyis made up by the Wes-
leyan Missionary So( iety in I'".ngland.
\i) Many of the boys and girls (d' this school pursue
their studies in 'I'amul in the morning ami alti'rnoon.
The intellectual system as pinsucd in the Hii^idaiid
Sehodl of Scotland, has been adopted on tliis station.
The hoys are making rnpid advaucen\eiit in various
hranehes of learning. The extension of the system in
(lifferent parts of Northern Imlia, promises to do
much for the advancemer,t ol native youth.
[t^ There lire 110 students arranged in live classes :
1st. Class; 20 students, Companion to the Hible,
history, ii.-.rivc astronomy, Tamul poetic, granunar,
trigonometry, surveying, European nstronon\y. Watts'
on the Mind. 2d. Class; 2;i stiulents ; C(unpanion
to the Uible, I'.nglisb gramn\ar, algebra, Negundoo,
Taaiul poetic, Ornmmar, Tanud scriptures. :id Class :
2S students, Uible history, I'.uglish grammar, abridg-
ment of Taimd grammar, algebra, geog.a))hy, Negun-
doo and Knglish New Testament, dth Class: 211 stu-
dents; K.iiglish New Tcstaituiit, Child's l\ook on the
Soul, abridgment of Tamnl grammar, arithmetic,
Negundoo, elements of Knghsh grammar, .^th. Class :
10 students ; first lesson.s in arithmetic, Phrase Hook,
Negundoo, Knglish instructor, abridgment of Tamul
:« n
grammar, I'ieturc Petiniiig ami Keadiug linok, and
Tamul Scriptures ; the expense of lood, clothing and
instruction is M'.U. This does not include the sala-
ries of the principal and prcd'cisors.
{") Course of study : Reading, writing, C(unmon
arithmetic and geography mT'amul, also sacred nuisic
and plain sewing ; considerable attention is also paid
to reading, writing, and speak'iig the Knglish lati-
guage. The whole expense for food, clothing and
instruction is about 2'.)(i/.
(.!■) T'hese are designed not merely to supply youth
for the seminary ut Hatticotta, but to raise the cha-
racter of the native schools, by introducing niore
tborougbly the study of common arithmetic, geogra-
phy, and the grammar of the Tamul languai;e. These
youths in time i* is hoped, will be qualified for
schoolmasters in their several villages
In these the monitorial system is introduced ns far
as it can be applied, the first object is to teach the
children to read and write their own language, and
to becomi- familiar with the print(Ml cbara ti . Chris-
tian lessons, and portions of the liible are studied
daily in all the sehocds. .Ml the children are rerpured
to atteiul at our churches with their teachers, at least
once a week.
(I/) The readers in each school are also assembled
weekly at the stations to which the school belongs, for
the purpose of reading the scriptures and tracts, and
reciting catechisms nnd other Cbristiiui lessons. TTin
masters lire also formed into Uible classes, and meet ns
the children do weekly for instruction; tliey do not
receive a stated salary, but ari> paid aeenrding to the
progress of the scholars, which is ascertained by a
numtbly examination. T'lie total mentioned as the
expenses of the schools, includes not only the wages
of the master, but the expenses of the schoolroom,
the wages of the superinteiidants, and the small pre-
sents made to the children. The sclioid rooms arc
used to a considerable extent as |ilaces of preaching.
(:) This is as near totlie annual expense of the dif-
ferent schools as can be calculated. Teachers are,
some of them, paid according to the number of scho-
lars, and the charges for books ami other things vary
according to circumstances. TTie expense of the
schools is almost exclusively borne by the Missionary
Socii'fy in Knglaiiil. Nothing has ever been received
from government in aid of the schools.
The (iovernment schools are in number about
one hundred, of wbi(di the tar greater jiart are in the
Siiigalese or maritime districts. They were origuuilly
eslablisbed by the Dutch ; and, according to Cidoiiel
Colebrooke's report, the numbers educated have been
as follows : — Protestants, 8:f,7;'i(i ; Koiuan Catholics,
.■!8,1.5r); total, I 21, '.11 I. Mahoniedans, I l,S.|7 ; liood-
hists, 78,f>()2 ; total, '.t.(,lly. TTic ex|)en(liture amounts
to about :!,(i()(l/. per annum ; and it is to be hoped it
will be extended to the Malabar nnd Kandyan dis-
tricts. The schoolmasters receive a small stipend of
()/. (i.v. peraiinnm, and they derive further eimduinent
from fees received tor rigistering native marriages.
Altstrart of Cci/Inn Mi.isioiiiini Sflimils. — Church
Mia.tidii. — Schools oCi, containing l.fi,')! boys, 2.-) I
girls, and (U adults; total, \,Ki>'.<. Kmploys s;{ native
tuuhersnnd assistants, and has printing and book-
binding estntdishnients at Cotta and Ntdlore. The
number u( hoys in tlii' Cotta institutiiui is It), of
whom 1 1 are Smi;alese, and .'i Tamulians.
H'l'stnjiin Mi.s\iiii, established in lull, and occupy-
ing seven stations, has r<h schools in Singalesc, or
southern, and ?1 in Tamul, or iiortliern, districts,
thus ; —
i
n
'■:A
M
i:
, I
i
1,
1
3«6
CKVI.ON.— EDUCATION. CRIME AM) GAOLS.
SINOAI.KSE.
T.VMUI.IAVB.
■2
Vj
0)
Districts.
•c
.c
o
7.
3
1
Districts.
o
■g
72
Crloiiihr . . . .
_
;iKt
2!»
413
Jaffna . . . .
6
23H
Nccomho
12
;i7fi
83
4.'i!»
Point Prtiro
5
401
Seven Korles
«
l.'i-.i
4
l,'.!)
Trinroinalce
4
no
Caltura .. ..
l(i
biM)
HI
yi/-
Battii.'aloa . .
(i
IS!)
Gallc .. ..
11
.'ill
124
63H
Matiirft .. ..
i:)
5IS
3.'i
3H3
Total . .
21
H38
Morawa..
1
311
30
Total
a«
•2S10
386
3iyfi
The return for 1832 shews, in the S. Ceylon dis-
trict an aggregate of (ii) schools, with 2,H'JC> boys, 427
girls, an. I 104 male and female teachers; in addition
to which, the Wesleyans employ 15 salaried catcchists,
who assist in the superintendence of the schools, and
conduct public worship on the Sabbath days. '|'i,,,
Mission has a printing establishment and two presses
at Colombo since its formation.
Amvriatn Mimim, has live stations and a hinh srhodi
or college, at Batticnloa, containing 10 students i:i
Christian theolo^'y, and 110 students in I iif;lisli ami
the elements of sciences; and 22 in Taniiil; all hm
the charity foundation ; besides six day sehdhus. A
female central school at Oodoo/ille, with .'■)2 "iiUnn
the foundation, and ■^G native free schools, witii 2,l'i.,i
boys and 400 girls.
Bfij)liiit Missinn, instituted in 1H12, has two stations
and Ifi schools, containing about HOO chiUlien, in.
structod in English, Portuguese, Tamul, and Sini;;i.
lese, by 20 teachers ; four are female schools. Tlio
annual expense of this mission (IfiO/. per aiuiiini) is
almost exclusively borne by the parent socluty in
England.
Roman Catholic Mission, established in XCn', ociii-
pies 12 stations, presided over by 12 pastors.
IX. Schedule of Daily
Allowance to Prisoners, as fixed by the Governor in
the year 1836.-
-[B.B.]
<u
a
0)
t:
u
1. ct
a
o
■a
u
a
X
1 =
Si
O
s .
<- o
Q
>-•
t:
H S
■a
a
idcr Sentence
hout Labour.
r Oel.tto the
O
o y-
■*->
O l-
O
O X
*^
.1= -r ' C
b
&:h W
<
-ZJ
&,o
d.
b^ U
<;
— j5 :i. J
Colombo & llteraiikandy :
d.
d
d.
d.
d
llatnapoora :
d.
(/,
il.
7,
Europeans
9
9
c
6
9
luiropeans
'■•
fi
fi
fi
i;
Burghers
6
C)
T)
•2\
•^.v
Burghers
24
24
2i
2i
•a
- 1
Natives
34
34
24
-'(
2\
Natives
24
21
24
21
l"-
Chilaw and Puttam :
Alipoot :
Europeans
[}
9
f)
fi
9
Euro|)eans
f,
—
—
—
—
Burghers
(i
6
6
2\
'M
Burghers .
44
—
—
—
—
Natives
34
34
34
n
24
Natives
3
—
—
—
—
Kurnegalle :
Trincomale :
Europeans
—
—
—
—
—
Europeans
9
r,
fi
(>
;i
Burghers
—
—
—
—
—
Burghers .
r,
fi
44
- 1
- 1
Natives/ J^^",^™"^ •
1, Kandyan .
44
44
44
44
44
Natives
3
3
3
- 1
■)i
3
3
3
3
3
Batticaloa :
Ruanwelle :
Europeans
9
fi
fi
fi
!)
Europeans
6
6
6
6
f)
Burghers
fi
fi
c
24
-H
Burghers
3
3
3
3
3
Natives
3
3
3
24
-4
Natives
2i
n
2i
2i
2i
Tafl'napatam and Haman-
Galle :
hill:
Europeans
9
9
6
C
9
Europeans
9
9
fi
fi
9
Burghers
6
6
C
3
21
Burghers
fi
6
54
3^
3
Natives
34
3
3
3
24
Natives
2
2|
25
n
2
Matura:
1
Manar :
Europeans
9
9
6 1 6
9
Europeans
fi
6
fi
4
r,
Burghers
6
ti
44
2i
24
Burghers
4
4
6
2
■>
Natives
3
24
H
2
2
Natives
2
24
24
2
2
Tangalle :
Kaiidy :
Natives
3
—
3
—
—
Europeans
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
llambantotte:
Burghers
fi
fi
fi
fi
fi
Europeans
9
9
6
r.
9
Natives
3
3
3
;{
:)
Burghers .
C
f)
f)
4t
4^
Badulla :
Natives
4i
4J
4i
43
4iS
Europeans
Br.iijliers
^^
z
—
—
Natives
3
3
3
3 !
t
••)
commission of a
tcction ; anions^
nose slitting aiu
|)iu|H)se of carry
with which woin
No.
of Prison
1^
g
Male
Fm.
1H28
73fi 19
1H2'J
85fij 37
i8;i()
10fi7' 42
ISIil
1079; ."ifi
is;i2
1088 i 2fi
1833
'.mi 30 1
1H34
y.-ioi r)7 i
183")
88.5
54 (
1830
938
40,
1
X. Civil Gore
{iiuuiiilstration of
niir, i
ided
by a
Crimes, except in some of the maritime provinces
■where the drinking of arrack leads to every species of
vice, are in general rare, and the Singalese being in
the aggregate u quiet, docile people, petty litigation
usurps the place of passion and its attendant results.
Owing to the peculiar constitution of the villaso
communities, each of which has its " Heailnian" and
subordinate officers, and peons or constablus, tlio
(jlJcst and most d
iippointt'd by thi
crciary of State
duty of the couii
consult with the
in-chief of the to
governor may pu
his i'utincil, who,
Regulations or 1
in the Otlieial Gi
nient, in order t
passed into law ti
(Ibiricts on theii
districts by the ',
I) .til to the tiiial
Thcie is a special
affairs of the Kani
is in the habit of .
ol an enactment t
for llie lower or rr
lirovinces the g-iv
contingent disbur
concurrence of th
vinces he orders e
Ills executive cap;
tlie council, as hi
coided in the see
tl.c (lepartn.ent (
iiKasure. The n
|i.liiii:hed with t
gungts, (Cingalcs
scniinated.
Three classes ot
on the business i
Viuits, who are sei
under the patroiia
( olonies ; there a
island to which t
the ii'iiitirs being
departments, in tl
chief secretary, pa
a>s colleeluis of (
CliYLON.— CHIME AND GAOLb, UUVEKNMENT.
387
commission of an offence is speedily followed by de-
tection ; among the principal offences are ear and
HDSL' slitting and the inutilati(jn of the liniljs, for tlie
purpose of carrying otf the gold and precious stones
with which women and children are adorned : violent
murders are more rare than poisonings, the latter
mode of revenge l)eing more suited to a timid people.
Ill the Kandyan provniccs crime is very unfrequent,
and the village police excellent.
two stiltioiis
chikhen, in-
, and Sint;;i.
chools. 'I'lip
er anninii) is
lit society ill
a ^
= C >
:l.
■■i'>
-H
'>i
•H
•Jl
Prisoners in the Gaols of Ceylon,
throughout each Year. [B, B.
]
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No.
of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
(O
a
>•
Male
1
Fra. Totl.
Male
Fin. Totl.
Male
Fm. Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
1
Fm. iTotl.
Male
..„..
Totl,
Q
1H28
-3fii 19 ; 755
49
1 50
232
10 1 242
455
8
463
574
16
590
1 r>2 3
165
6
lf2'.)
85«, 37 893
45
3 48
190
22 218
444
8
452
(540
30
670
171
4
175
IG
Irt.'il)
lOfiTl 42 1109
102
1 |103
315
26 ,341
469
9
478
784
35
819
181
6
187
13
ISIil
1079! 56 1135
69
2 71
230
38
268
639
16
655
869
54
923
141
—
141
14
\s:V2
1088 26 4114
82
1 83
180
12
192
656
13
669
836
25
8(;i
170
—
170
53
IH33
953 36 I 989
77
2 79
202
10
212
484
7
491
686j 17
703
190i 17
207
59
IHIU
950j 57 1007
51
4 ! 55
263
36
299
527
12
539
79O1 48
838
109' 5
114
55
WM>
885, 54 1 9:i9
39
5 44
269
31
300
476
13
489! 745
44 1 789
101 5
100
32
1831;
938
40 1 978
1
42
4 46
247
21
268
538
12
550
.785
33
818
111
3
114
37
in the Ollicial Or-
meiit, ill order t
passed into law th
X. Civil Government of Ceylon. — The legislative
aiiiniiiistiation of the island is confided to the gover-
niii-, aided by a council composed from among the
(ilJest and most distinguished European civil servants,
iippoiiited by the governor or sometimes by the Se-
ciT'.ai y of State for the Colonies in England ; the
duty of the council is, however, only to advise and
toiisult witli the governor, (who is also commander-
in-cliiLf of the forces) when convoked by him. The
governor may pass a law without the concurrence of
his council, who, '*■ (lisso'iticnt, record their opinions.
Rcsulations or l-v, s ' the government are published
' Tie time before their enact-
ublic discussion, and when
...ediate effect in the maritime
(lisUicts on their publication, and in the Kandyan
districts by the govimor's proclamation, subject in
li:>th to the tinal approval of the king in council.
Thcie is a special l;oard for the admmistratioii of the
atl'airs of the Kandyan Provinces, whom the governor
is in the habit of consulting previous to his extension
ot an enactment there, which may have been ordained
for the lower or maritime provinces. In the maritime
provinces the g-ivernor is restricted from authorizing
contingent disbursements exceeding 75/., without the
concurrence of the council ; but in the Kandyan pro-
vinces he orders expenditure on his own control. In
his executive capacity the governor refers, or not to
the council, as he wills, but his proceedings are re-
corded in the secretary for government's office or in
tl.o (lepartn.ent charged with the execution of the
iiuasure. The regulations of the government are
p lili^hed with the translations, in the native lan-
guii^is, (Cingalese and Malabar}, and widely dis-
siiiiinutcd.
Tliiee classes of persons aie employed in carrying
oil I lie business of f;overnmeiit : tirst, the civil .ser-
vants, who are sent out as " writers" from England,
imikr tlie |jatronuj,'e of the Secretary of State for the
Colonies; there are 25 principal appointments in the
island to which these gentlemen are alone eligible,
the sfidnrs lieing ixclusively employed as heads of
(k'partiiients, in tlie revenue, as government agents,
I'lmf secretary, paymaster, or auditor-general, &c. &c.
as collectors of districts and provincial judges pnd
magistrates. Theyunior,? as assistants to the collec-
tors or magistrates, and in the chief secretary's de-
partment. On its present footing the effective civil
service consists of 38 members : an atcpiirement of
one or both of the native languages is indispensable
previous to the holding of a responsible situation.
The second class is formed of Europeans {not of the
ciril .tei-ritr), or their descendants, from among whom
are afipoiiited provincial magistrates, (of which rank
there are 16,) and clerks in public ullices. The third
class comprises the natives, who hold the situations
of iiiodeliars (or lieuts.) of korles (or districts), in-
terpreters to the courts of justice, and to the collec-
tors' offices or culcheiieH. The modeliars are still
recognized according to ancient custom as command-
ers of the lascorgns or district militia, although at
present cliitHy emjiloyed in the civil adminisl ration of
the country, and in the execution of publii: works.
There are, of course, gradations of native officers in
authority under them ; the assistants of all natives
are still regulated in a great degree by their caste.
Independent of the numerous government ' headmpn '
and the titular ' headmen' who receive no emolu-
ments, there are, in conformity to ancient usage,
headmen appointed to each caste or class, some of
whom receive certain perquisites as the head of fish-
ermen do of the fish caught, &c. Since 1828, no
' headmen' have been appointed who could not read
and write the English language ; and the headmen
form a valuable connecting link in llie social fabric,
as well as an int'.'lligent and respectalile body of indi-
viduals, from among whom the government can select
officers for the more immediate sirvice of the state.
The number of principal headmen iii^ the Cingalese
districts amount to 243, in the Malabar to 112, and
in the Kandyiui to 47 ; these numbers do not include
the ht admen uf villages, who are, of course, very
numerous.
The tburth cla.ss consists of officers selected from
the regiments serving in Ceylon, for the fulfilment
of the post (if goveinment agents or sitting magis-
trates in the Kandyan Provinces, the duties of which
are perfornud eflicieiitly and creditably upon small
salaries in addition to their military allowarices.
Pulriituti^v. — All appointments to the higher oflliccs
A»»
«;kyh»n.
«««< jthiMvlmtNtlV IMMilt' \\\ llui |)MV«<IHit|, Nvltii ni'U't'lii
tH)ttiltl<tU< l\t>tlt lt)i> iIm\ >i'«Vlit< mt'ti||)M<K IxIIkii
>i'i«)i>tn\, vOii'h ii|)irl\vlat' i|Mnlll\i'il, aiiltli'ii, l\iiv\ t'Vi'l ,
Itt lUt . .nilhiiKtU.'ii xl (III' Mil II liin ><( it III I' In t ii^
I Itt' lllKi;! <tiltl 1 illtil llilKa ill|! Ill-in lt)>|><<IUl i >l U\
(Its' HMXtnillii III llii' lliniii llill« tlll'l |>lliul|<iil liniil
ll\t'|l, llxlll I III II ll|l|l'lllltllH iiIm IIIIiIi I lll» I \l I III III \'i>
WilllAIlt, III liui ii I iniiiili llilnl liN lilt' t ii||||iU>^lii||i'l III
Ut MKIIi', till' |>ii>\liit liil III ililiiu'll III lliil ii I uliiiiii llili il
\\\ Hum iilli'i lux III UioiiiiU. In ilii' l\.tiiil\iiii (nu
\H\H'» iniiiiiiiiliui'iil-1 nn> nliinliiih iiitiili' li\ llir UiiM'l
Hill, I'll Uii' ui'iiiiiiiiriiiluUmi i>l Ilii' Umiiil III * inii
llllaiilllKi l« |l>i V\)lii|ll lilt' llliilr llllilli'illllli' tllllllilitl'llll'lll
ol Uiiui' |iiimiiii''< I" I'imiiiillli'iH lilt lulling llii' t lilt l>i
i>i )>iliiil|'«l III •itlimii III |iit>\ nil I'll III (lt'|iiiiliiiriil»,
llu> iliitlh til tuii|iU">, mill Ilii' i>U\'>l'> li» till' i'i>Ui'm'»
iii t«<*.«i»»\\v III llio Ninllii'Ui in Miilrtlmi ("iuMmc'i,
\\\\t lii'MtlliiiMi ii| mII«i;('» ii» i««Iv» «Ii' ciiiiiinnulv
rt\H>i>in(v'>l ini (lie iii'iniinHlim i>l llu" ll\liiO>lliil\I», »»
«)«>|>ii(ii<i<>\i \<l \Uti«>;\'i< iiiMkiiik) H ii'iiiiii III llii' iiiny;i«
I)«t0 l>l Ull' fMllilliUlll' l«|>|i|ti\«il t>l )>\ tlll'IW
,*t,M|ti« 11 .tlltlli'l' l> «ll\llllll»ll'l\'ll lllsl l>\ il nll|>H'l\IO
v^»u»^, \mU» I'ttvwii I'liiiiMilint l>> llii' rmiM i«l Kihk'»
Ui'iuli, mill III >nui(«Mi' iihi-mIii iii'ii III lilt' IIkIi
rii|»»» 1*1 * UtiiiiS'n I H )» I'lviiili'tl n\«*» li\ (line
liiitjN*, t»i>(ii»ii\liil i\i>iii Viisl'iKil, niiKtl III I. Kiiik'»
\t|\i'iMttv vWln'io IMiii Mt'H'« «>>' •tiullm lii Itir I mil
.\iU\i.*U' III ^^^>^lrtn.l/ Mii>li'i m tuiiiti mul lit>;ii
lv«>i> «>>ii »l'litMiiliil l\\ini liiiiiii' rtiiil lluiiiti^ III lilt-
«<l\ll»il\lt'«n'»l (miIii.'Umh ii| Sii .Vlivrtiitit i ltilui»i>i>,
IHhMiV \11U ^\\Ull U'K li'llii III I IllOt'i'^Wi I'l liclll\i'i\
l» «'»uW»>liisl iiiiili'i it> »iniu'ii'«i'i
Vtii' laUiiil n ilivivU'il mill till- ili'«lui't III riiUmilni,
»n\il tlmv I'uvinl*. v^tlU'il Mil' Ni'iUvv'iM, Smulum iiii,l
V.»i\t«>>u , llu- N I'lu'iiit iM»(nin»i'» 0»i' ili»tuit m
,t!*rt\i« witlv (III' <li»iui'i» \i*i\yI i>l ilii' ni*uU>iM' I'll*
\»v>\-<'* III till- ixUiiil, wliti'h Iw til U\i' \\i«i\\*ul III il\i'
K*>n*»«n |M\i\»iii'\> >vtv\\s'« Mio ili»tu\t» lit' .UlUiK
•viil V iv|\iH'K> , il\\' S llio i!i»lii»'l III Iho NUIi^ijmw
)l*lM>Slv *»<ll » > Ihl' illilUvIl (VMxVl I'l tho IIIHUUUIl'
\>V\i\ ',»ii\V'> l\Vii>; 1,1 Iho \V Aiit! S vi| llio K.iivilmn piti
Miii^-*. tsiww'iv lUo vtlsitiwl* ill llii' M.u',li iiu)'<»Uiii»
«»>! <\vKin\Ni , Sl\o t^ »U Uw K*ntlM«u |>\\i\iiii'v''> «iu\
«U W i^^xtuxW )ii'.\vl iM ttii' uu'tuUiin' >n\i\iinoi l\ui<
lO \Nv> l''*'«l\\»V\l iM U<i' KaiIi^HU (ill'Mllv'i •>, !'i'l\M'»-l»
ih«' »l»M»wi» yvt '*rt\i,'« «i>il M*t\'Vj;*v>iis'«ni>ii l tio i-i«
vHut* ;«f\v~U>»i\v «il V\\ivi>\>tv^ «»\' >hIhIi\i,IisI iiil\i
\\>!Ki»\ »v*\)\ »hsl»u-J, lhi-<\' u vv»i«> iviiu, o<«IUM till'
tSsIlM V\h:V«, hwUWu NUMV lM»«> IVIilsV l»llil Ihiw
»!l><N>XxM-» |K«' ihMVv'T uivUv >» *|S'»'*"Un< >'^ 't'l'
kH\\V\« *»\l >V»M\>\*M\'' *t jJ«-«»'«\l>x' , the ^^S»^'^MM!» *H'
S\<<\'<\N| l\\^»l ««Ml\SSj !>»• luh4b»U>»l* \X« IhO uUlul,
kiPij., u> *^'»» ><•*'. >*\t vvv>iU vvve >H'V>\v« l\> *v'» ** I'*"!
tt»*«**»t »v4v».>\M\ u (yvjiy^\\'\l to th«' s't\i\M> riu'
^illkv«H ^\!" ^^o »!.vtvM xvvui* »»v «i'HM«»U'*l u> hlic
»M«vi<H'4 *s ^^-^*«■ v^i jV S,>yi>vu'«> Co'.'.n.
1"W Suiv-x-iM*' C^nm \* h<^4 *t V'viix^ivvSi ,ovix'>'t vn>
»H»vvii?\ *>Kt »*H' \U>?»K>< vV«rt» »* «: * ^v«^V(»t'^^^
Vv* ife*t5\N'< vNS»H >* « v\H«r« \\» »,N\«l wvl cm>ui>*l
'(UHMK'* *.■*>, *\Ht «>** x\>S«< -JiMUY iM *0\l I\>!1 jvwvr »o
W*t »!!^< .VKlW>»X VNM* *»«!*. u\ v>hvh th»' lW«V«d-
« ^vwr<y TV '.\HM< Je^sMttUV* T*v<* vXlito.l^^JSV *M th^"
\"**«' %»4 *i» tJ> »M t-rfHsViN siKVIt i>»" »',«<* M »:*
UOVKKNMKNI'.
|iiiiii>iliulilii will) ili'tilli, liNii><|iiiilntl«niir Imiilaliiiii'iii,
llll|>l|aii||llll'lll lin IIIIIII' lllllll II Mill, \vlll|i|IIIIM rkii'iil
lllit lilll liiilii'R, II lliii' I'vri'i'illiiit ml , wlllrli nliiill liiivi'
linll ruliiliillli'il Wlllihi llii' iliilili't
I III II ilinliiil rmiil liiit llir I iiir Mini iilhlmlv ul ||„.
jii'lKi'iit mill riliili'n III lilliiln iiiiil lilliilllri iialilim
Mlllilli llii' illilllii, Willi |iiiivi-l In il|i|iiillil Miiiiiiliiii,'.
mill I II I III H1 1 I Willi (ii'iii I III ii|i|iii|iil iiiliiiliil'\liiiliii', ,,|
liil.iliili'ii' rlli'i In vMllilii till' iliilili I, mill III ill Iriimiii'
llii> \iillilll\ III Willi mill III iirniil mill Kiiiiil |<iiiliiii|i
Hull III, mill In liiti' 111 III iili't lllllll iMiiilnii 1111,1
iiiliiiiiiltl iiilnii, mill In lii|iilii' n, i .niiiln nl im I,
|i|'l<iii|i>i
OlUiii'i'« imiiliul llii' iriiniii' liiwii i»i<" iii|',iii.iiliK-
lii'lnii' llii' illilili I niiilln ^•iiMiiK llii' iliilil'i III ilif
\ III' Ailiillllill V rntllln^ llllllli'il iia III li'ijinl In
t illiillitil )ilii>iiriillnii'>
Till' ,|liilitiiii'illii mill liili'ilm Mini V miiliilliri niili'tn
iM llli' tllallirt I'lillllii till' )i|iiliiiliiii I'll III iiprii rniiil,
llll! |llil)',i' alMllllit, III llli> lli'mll|i\ nl lllii ItHti-xniiiii, III,.
i|iii'iiiiiiii III iHW mill llll I, Willi llio Ki'Oiiol^ ii'ol i^'it-
1 mili> nl liti ii|i||||ii|| 1 mill lIli' icni'inini* ilii'lmi', in ii|irii
i lllllll, llll II It Kin'i'llif ii|i|Ulni|M mill Miti'« nil null mul
i'\ii\ initnllnii 111 li»W ni IHi'l m I'ln-i' nl H ililliuiuv
{ nl iipliilnii lii'lwi'i'ii llic IiiiIhi' miil llii' iiiii|niil\ nl llio
' M^»l'^MH!l, llll' ii|itlilnll Hi llli' |lli|ii' |i|i'\illli iiliil i^i
Inliiil «■» llll' Ki'iiliiii'i' nl llii'wiinli' I'liiiil, II iiiiiiil
ln'iiii^ ninili- mill |iiv»i'i\i'il nl Ilii- m>Ii" nl t'luli.
'. llll' Sii|>ii'iiii' I mill 11 II innil nl inli' ii|i|ii'llali'
luiiiilli llnii lii» till- iliiliirl rtiiiitt, Willi iiiiyiiiiil III.
liiiiwil iiiiImIii linn Itiiniiitliniil llif iiliiiul iiiil mul
I iilililiirti ni'iilniii nl llll' iiiiiii'llic lllllll ilir li> lil liy
t'llt' til llll' Illilm'Jl III I'lltll illtllll, tWItI' III I'll! Il Villi ,
llll till' |iiilm> OH' i<'i|iiiit'<l til |ii' iii'ii'i ^^ll^^'lll III llll'
irtuii" llilii' hiun rnlttliil'n, mul iiUn tn lii' l.^l,l^lll nl
Iho xiiliii' Unit' t»l i'nltimlin lint liii tliiiii niii' iiiinilli,
i IwU'V t»> ("Oi'li \r«i
; ,Vt «'\»'»\ i'imI m'luiniin nl tlio ■tin'iiiiii' inuit, on
; I'ltxint, Illlx'O nsniOsintx HIV «^M»^•ll»ll'l^ Willi llli' |iiili;i' ,
[ «l\il »'\i'i\ ouiiiiurtl !n'>i'»ini»'< li» lu'lil lii'Inu' till' lllllll'
Hiiil M iui\ nl I.I iiit'n III hII t-ivil Kiiitu, till' iiiiUo
mill KXM'xiii|\ tli'livx'i tlii'li niniunili mlil \i>U'i iii iii
till' illsliii'l I'tiiiiti , III nin'i'.-ili lii'iM till' iliihiii I'niiil*,
»i\ t'liiiiiiirti I'liiMi'iitiiHi-', llll' mnn'iil Imi iini till' I'rtivt
nl >tnMni; till' i'\i'i'utuii\ nl tin' M'liti'iur, llllll'^>l tlif
iutli;\' t>( till' ili'tiiii vnint >i'i' lit \ll niu»tiiiii» ol
ts«i't, mion wlmh ij-xiio nIuII (ii- miiiiil iit iiiii iiuiiiiuil
visiiiMi^ tH till' .'iii|'ii'nii' l^nn^, in\ v'lit'iiit, nii' ilt'iuliM
!i\ till' iui\, in tn.vmi |i«it nl tlioni , niu'iliniit nl l.nv
*iv vIiSuUnI I<\ till' iiuli;i' III I'l'i'ii ttniil, Willi tlii'
i^iviiiiitls mill (v<«M>ii» tl\in>>l
\\ ln'lx> H IH'IMMI II <«i^lHtlm>»l tl> llll' bV tlu' MHiVl'lIll'
v\ii(»t, *f * I'liitiiiml »«'»»intis, «'\i'\'utiin\ IS u>i'iii'il
till thtf oo«' Ih> mv»t\M hy 0\«' |i»a'MiIii>s .niitKf to ilu'
Juitjtxv* v>»\ I'tixHUt hnUtiiiK I'litwmHl m'ssions, «rx'
ixsjinix^t U> vlivxvt «ll iInx-kIii hiuI Wcxi'i-t* nt |in.ii>ns
xxithm ih«> I'lixiiit to xvttiiv till' (viMins i\ii;iiiiitii'il
»uxl UuMi ntlViixvs, Nvlm ii>!«\ In- ivi|iiiu\l tn ln' liiiuiiht
tviivix- I hi' uiilijv.
riiv (luljtx'.'i nl tlic siiinx'iui' iMviit. t>i» iiivuit, t'N.i-
twiiix' tli»> ix\MJ\t» nt till' tii>tni-t vsnut», aiul it it sh.iH
j«i>|i<\'«i th«t xviiti*ii(x'tni\ nt iiiv\>usiNti'iit ili'x'i,<ii>i»
h*\«' bxvn mxx'U bv tin- s«u\c or ihtlVix'iit ilisiviot
x\H»vls, th«» lUxlj;^'* tvpnit tho smnn- tn tlio Mipivmo
xvuiJ *t V\>lx>ii'K». xvlui pix-j'six- tlu" ilrslt i>t » ilivUw-
txx»v Ux\ »)}iv»(v the siv'bixvt. aiul tvHHMv.it it tn the
^^x^^s■Hl.''^, who nulvum* jiuv'h xlistt tn tho li'sisliitiM'
x\HiiK'tl. I'hx' »u|>r»'(«e xviiit *lsx> i«»^«' lulis «»il
\vrJ*r» UM Thtf ivuinxnl xM lUutN*.
'I'liii iiii|ii'<<nii'
.I'lulllllO III' (III I'll
/iiihcdi Mi(;pi(« mil
,,„|||!1 III liiiiixiiii
„|i|i,'iilril, mill I'll'
,iii„v iviiv, Willi
iiliililiuli riili'M llll
lllllll' ilimli'i, W'l
ii'iiiiiiiiiv. mill ''^l
,1, |iliiiii mill "111
l,.{il'llllnllM mill
\|l|ll<lllh nil* lllll
1,1 llll' IllllllllllH
iiiiinl 111' Inniinlil,
111 till' Miijiri'Mi''
m'HIilillKI III ('lllllll
lumrlll. '.! 'I'll
inlilii ol I'tmW
l„l ivltliill I'l iloi
iDhIikI W'liiilii If
mlllril llll" <'M''
,i'i'iirllv I'll' llll-
ll'lH'l' |lllllllllllll'l'll
llll' ni'lltilli'l' il|i|i
||li< |i|i|ii'lliilll nlml
vIllV 111 I'Milllliin
I, mil llinv sliiv 1 I
III nil iinri, till'
|irii»i'i'i|li' llll' I'l'l
ii{i|ii'illi'il liniii nliii
Mill's. .1. W'lu'li'
iililt' |ilii|ii'lt\ , mill
luitnlVri'l llli'niiiil
Iml II llll- lilili'.i'ii
Ihi' M'riiiiiv lllllll I
U'Htiili' till' lunpi
.iiviiiiui; I'iniii tlu
;l. Wlll'll' till' Hlll'l
111 jH'isniiiil |innh'
|ii< H liniiil tn till
Mi'inity I'nr iirnti'r
III llll iii-ii' rxii'i'il
l'|llll|l|lll'll Witlllll
I'l'tillim 111 li'Hvi' I
iii;i;rii'viil liy miv i
iimv lu'lilinii till' I
llll' Mimi' liiws
I'lUiils lis III till'
yW lll'lllllll lllW \XI
■\ inisniuT run i
ii|i>iii till' I'ln-i'i'ii
itu' iii;lit nl t'linlli'
!o W «iit\l>;iii'il,
ii»sisi«iu-i' nl III) I'l'
(W ii'triHiiifiit ^^ll
wssi's on linth s
SlipiYIUO I'lllllt. «i
Wii'(( iri/ — 'I'lio
the blmiil I'tuisisi*
01 iiiuviiti'v 1^1 lie II
it rniomlin, Kiuiil
of till' IxnVHl I'm
tor till' (in\ I'l 1101,
IHvjOil iiuiu'i|i.'illy I
one 01' tho liiust
I h»\x< m-vor socn
o< lliilia tn I'nuiil t
ill «|'in'anuuv ni
'Hiriiii: the Knmli
"0 no light ini'iiiiti
Jiwn. mu) then i
JI'.YI.ON. dOVI'.IINMI.NI' ANI> IVI 1 1,1 1'AK Y.
:im;i
'|'|ii< iiii|irrriii> I'oiirl, ni' iinv |iiil|<i< iil° llir niitiir nt
i'ikIiiIII hi nil rliriill, Iniiv I'liiiit ni irlimi' Willi iil
hilii'ili >i"7"<* IKI'I lli|illirllniin , II iimv l<i|iilli' illtlllrl
<ii>ill
III liiui"liill III I 'iiIiiiiiImi IIii' ii'ciiIiIi III iiliv I'll'tr
li'il, mill limv lii'il iiliil ili'i'lilr ii|i|iriiln, in n niiiii
,„„y wiiv, W'llliiiiil iiii'iilni'iil, iiliil iiiiiv lliiiiii' mill
,tiililiili iiili'H mill iiiili'in III (III- I'liint, iiiil II |iii|-iiiiiil
,1 III,' I'limlCI, wlili'll |i|iillliili' llii' illni'iiM IV III llillll,
I'liliiiltiY, mill c'«|M'illlliili III lllinliirni, III lii> illiiwii il|i
II |i|mIii mill niii'i'liirt In inn, iiviilillii|i, iiiiiii'irnniii v
HlliiliH mill iili'inillt V.
\|i|ii'nl>i 111(1 illliiwnl til till' IvIm!'. ill ( 'iiiilirll, nilliji'i'l
ii'l"
nliiiiii' hVMHil iiiliichiilili' ifinlciiil III' II linyonrt. 'I'liry
■piiy ii'kI.
iiiillvi
• III
r iilllriirii
III Ilir Iv I. ('
hirllln, Willi lMi|ii|iriili iilllirin III I Mill III' )lir Mii'iiiii-
|imili 1, mill Hull liili'llly In Iliiii Irmliri Iiiih licrii
I Vllinil III rvny |iiii'illili' liimiliri wliriiivrl nil ii|i|iiil'-
llillll V liM 'ii'litril llmir. I liiivi
M'i'ii iiiiiiiY iri'iiin
llbl
III ililli'ii III liiilliili'i iimli'l llillll, liill inilH' I'vi'l nlli'iril
III iiiv vli'vv hill li II nlilKiiii; imiji il'ivil UN II. M.'n I itl
( 'I'Vliiii mil' H'l'.liiii III.
'I'll!' rnllnwliii' liM'iil niiph liiivi' Imtii riilrilmiH'il mill
|iiilil liii liy III!' Inlmiil iliiiiiii', \h;u',
1,1 III, liilliiwliu'
liu- iiili'i mill liMiltiiliiiiiii
II' ll|l|M'lll
niiinl In' Imilinlili liy WHY ill IrVii'W, In lull' I III' |ililpri
III llii' '<ii|>i'i'iiii' I'liiili I'lilliitlM'ly, liiililliii' II I'l'iii ml
'ii'HhiiillK III rnliililliii, III wlilrll nil Ilir jilil^'.rn iliiill lir
|,li'ni'lll. '' I'll'' IIMtli'l III ill.i|illli' llillll I'Miril till'
Mlliir III ,'lllll/ 'I. I I'KM' III ll{l{ll'lll lllMit III' ll|i{llll'll
|.,l wllliill M illlVi. I. II llir il{i|ii'lliiiil III- till' |iii|lv
rt'iilli'il wliiilil ti'iitiliri' |1 Klv'i. II"' fi'iili'iii I' hIiiiII 111'
mlliril Itilii I'M'i'illlKli, II till' ri"i|<iillilriit nllilll I'lvr
M'l'inllv lor Mil' liiiiiii'illiili' |ii'il<iiiiimiri' III miv ''I'li
ti'iiri' ||||||||>|||»'|'<I l<V llii' I'llvv Ciiiiiirll ; iiiilll wliirli,
till' nriitrinr ii|i{ii'iili'il Iikiii rili,ill In' nliiyrl. .'i. II
llii> li|i|>i'llmil "liiill "linvv Hull iriil jiiitlri' iri|iilirN llii'
\tllV III I'MTllHoil, pi'llillllK llii' ii|i|irill, till' nti|>li'liir
,,mlt IIIIIV kII'V t'\i Tillliili, mi Mrrilllly, Hi lu'lnlr <i
III nil rii-ir», tin' ii|i|irlliiiit nliiill ^^i\^' hrniiilv In
I"'
I'llli' till' ii|i|irlil mill Inl rnnlN,
'I'lll' Ciillll
{i|ii'illril llillll nllilll ilrtrillillir tlir liiitilli'iil Ihi'nrill
Illll'H,
,H. Wlirii' llii' niilijii't III llll;',iillnii h liiiiiinvi'
iihio plii|ii'itv, mill till' IiiiImi'IIU'IiI ilppnilnl linin nluill
mil niVri't llli'iii'iiipmit'N . sri'iullv In lint tii In' iripiiii'il ;
Imt II till' |iiili'<i'iiii'iit ill) iilli rt till' nri'iipmu'v, tlii'ii
till' M'i'iii II V hliiill lint III' nl Kii'nli'r mnniiiit llimi In
u'llnii' till' prnpritv, miil tlic liilii iiiiiliiili' piolll
:ui'>illllK tinlll tl>>' ni'i'lipiilii'N , pi'liilllli:^ till' llppriil
'I Wlii'li' llii' nill'irrt nl lltlKiillnli I'nliil'.ln nl iliiil li li
nil I'lI'liH,
III 'I'lll'
nr pi'iiniiiil prop' ilv, till' M'l'iiiilv -liiill, ii
ln> It lioiiil to till' miiniiiit, III' iiinrlf.'iii;i'
MH'illlly lol pio^rriltloii nl iippiiil iiiiil Ini instn nliiill
III III! 1
iiM' I'xiri'il ;tOl>/, It. Till' si'tiiiHv must
I'oiiu'li
tl'll w
itliiii
tin
I'l' uiiiiitlm lioiK till' iliitr nl till'
'liliiMi 111 li'HVi' to nppriil
[J. .\iiv
nil I
I'l'liiii;
!i!!i;vii'vril liv miV Ol'li'l n'Mpi'itilin M'l'niily ni iippi'iil,
nwv 1'
I'tltlon till' I'llW rniilU'll.
rill' Minii' liiwn me mliiiiiii.'-li'U'il in tin' Dittili't
I'lunts i«» III till' Siipii'ini' I'oiilt, iimin'ly, lln
^01 lummii liivv Willi ci'itmii I'M'ipliniin^
Initi
■\ pnsoiii'i I'lvii onlv l>i' tiii'il In tlu' Siipn'iin- Cniirl,
\\\hH\ till' pio'i'i'iitioii 111 till' kind's inlvoi'nti', lie liiin
llu' nulit ot I'lmlli-nm' tn tlii' jiny Ih'Ioh' wlioiii In' in
M In
iinmiiril, III' In I'lititli'il on his tiiiil to the
( 'iiipi
Miiiiiilril Oiili ill
( inn l.irunri
llillll
1
1
1
lii
1
1
CH
J; r.
I
•II
I Mi
I
'41
ll'.>
i(i7 'ivrio
• 'I'lll' hi'i^'rmil mill llillll mill llir ill iiw (lir illlli'irlii'i'
lirlwi'i'ii linn li'i'liiii'liliil piiv, iiM pilviilcn in till!
('r\loii Itilli' ii'Klini'iil, mill tin' ir^nliiliil piiynltlii^
rill ps.
'I'lll' pi'Cllliliii y iillnwmii'i'K Kiiiliti'il tn llii' Kill^;'«
linnp'i, riiniiNt III' I'llmiil iillnwiiiirri iiri'iiiiliilK tn tin'
Inlliiwllii', nrliriliilr. Siiliii' I'l'W iilllci'iK iicrnpy go-
vrrninrnl iiiimlri
till' I I'lll III wliirli m rcriivi'iri
liniii llnin iiiniitlily, lircnnliiii; tn tlii' nnilc Miilijninril.
Nil iitliri iiil\mitii|',i'n mi' rnjnynl,
Sriiiiliili' III i'<liiiiil iilliiumiri's iliiiwii liy nllinrH
ilnint; iliily in llir inliiinl.- l(r|Mnirntiil : ('nliiiiil,
I'l/. ',!«. pi'r ini'lini'in ; l.iiilt .-( 'nliiiii'l, ,'l'.!/. '.fv ; Miijnr,
-'II/. I'.i.v ; Ciiptiiin, i:i/. Kl.v. ; Liiiilinmil , Hi. Tiv, ; :iliil
l.iriili'iiiillt III I'lisji;.!!, (i/. ('p,», ; I'liyniiistiT, l.'U. 1 ('■.'(. ;
Snii'inn, 17/. Id.v. ; ,\s.'iisliiiil Siiif^ i, I'J/. lO.v.;
,\il|iilmit, III/ .|,«. ; (Jiimti'i-MiintiT, III/. I,v.
.\ililitloniil iillnwiiin I'l tn nlllri'i.s in cninnimiil of
('
iiii'l, :>/. \
V. pi'i' mrli'-rin
l.ii'ilt. Cnlniirl,
ii«sist«iu'i' ol iiii rininriit pinitoi or limnstiT, /mi 7 hi/
tit i>'iYi ilnifnl iiin inliiiiiiilili' piox.niniO mill tin' wit-
lU'ssi's on luitli suit's, 111 I'lniiiniil cusrs lulnri- I lie
Siipivnio roiiit, mi' nl»o piinl li\ tlic ^;nvi'iiiini'nt .
Vii'tf ii'v -- Tin' ii't^iiliil' mimil t'nii'i' nimntiinii'il in
!h(' isUiul I'oiisists lit pii'Mint of loui Kiiin'.s ri'i^mii'iitn
oi niiiuitiv illii' hriiil i|iinittis ol wlinli iiic stntiont'il
»t roiiiinho, KmiiiIv iiiul Tilin'oiuiili'i'^ two I'onipmiirs
i>l' till' l\oy«l l'"v»nt .\i'tilU'iy, n iiuniiiti'il l)inly-;;i'rtril
tor tlio (ioxi'iiior, iitiil the 1st I'l'vlnn ii'^'inu'iit, coiii-
[wioil pinu'ip.'illy ol' Maliiyji, lU'iuly l,:"ilU) stiniij;, niul
ooeoitlu' liiiist ri'miiu'iits in His Miiji-nty's si'ivici'.
I hsve lu'ViT si'i'ii liny niitivi' troops on tho continciit
i4' hiitm to oipinl tlit> 1st t'l-vlon liijlit liiftiiitry. oitlu'r
in «|'i>t'»riuuv or iimiiu-iiwiiii;, mnl lli.'ir I'oinlui't
liuniii: the Kaiuliim war piovi'il tlu-r.^ to In- inl'orior
^> no lisli! im'iintrv in tlu- wnrlil. Ttnir ilvi'ss is iliirk
• / Iv. : Miijor, N/. ;i.« ; Ciiptmn, III/. I.v.; I.iriili'iiiint,
../ Ilv.
Aililitinniil iillowmii'i'M In nllUirs in i-oniniiinil nt'
Uliriihiilin, witll till' ('Xri'ptinli nl' Cnliilillin, 'rnni'ii-
iiinli'r, Kmiily, iiiiil (lallr. Ciilniii'l, -!>/. Ilv. pi'i'
ini'lis'.'m ; l.ii'iil. Culnni'l, H/. \Hs.; Miijnr, I'l/. Ilv.;
Ciiptmn, ;t/. I'.I.V. ('.(/.; I.ii'iiti'iiiinl, '.'/. ilv.; I'.iK.ign,
'J/ (I.v. I'll/. Till' iillnwmn'i' Inr tin' (1)11111111111111111 lit
'riiiiciiiiiiilir is Hm'iI III :u)/., mill timi tor llic cnin-
nimiiliint ot Kmnly iit '.;,''i/. prr inniitli. 'I'lic iillnwiinci'
iiltiii'lnil III till' ciiinniiinil of (nillc in lo.v. per iliiy.
I'lic llxcil iilliiwiinrr nl I lie ('oiiiiniindmit nf Colniiibu,
-t Nnvcnilii'r, \»^^^^, in
•.".1/ I 1^
from
iit'ii Slid thiir nn
I'ompiu'l ritli', \\ illi II ■.tun !
idiisniin'iui' of till' ilisiinloii III till' ntlii'i's of (invcrlior
.111(1 ('oiiimmuli'r of tin' l''nrc('s.
(Irni'iiil mill Miilii'iii Stiill". M.ijnr-d'i'in'riil nn the
StiilV, '.'".'i/. Ill.v. 1',,/. per iiiriisi 111 ; Di'piity (iniirtiT-
Mllstcr-tii'licrill, liiiin; 1 iiilt.-t'ninlii'l, ICi/. I.v, ; Di'-
piity Assi-liiiit (jiiiirtrr Miisitr-tli'iu'riil, liciiif^ Cup-
liiin, ('>/. l.-^.v. ; Deputy .Xiljiitiiiittii'iiiiiil, lii'iiit; l.ii'iit.-
("oliuu'l, Hi/. !,«:; Deputy Assintiint Ailjntmil-Geiierul,
lu'iiij; l.ieutcniint, W, "J.v. Cut. ; Assistmit Miiitmy Scc-
retmy, lieiiii' liiptiiiii, ("/. iM.v
Ail! lie Camp to the
tloviriior, (i/, IHv.; .\iil lie Cmnp tn the (leiieriil Of-
liier, I'l/. Isv. (wliellu.- C'apliiins or Subalterns)
Hie\ct Inspeetor-tieneral
Sl.iiV SurL'i'on, J.U. I'.l.v
>f Hospitals, CiH/, .'(.v, Cil.
.\sslstlUlt ^ti'.lV
latajJ;!'.
tiiniifc
huk
n
¥ n
.■190
CEYLON.— FINANCKS.
\'2I. lO.f. ; Ai)otl)ecnry to the Forces, 1.1/. .").«. In ad-
dition to regiiTicntal ailowuuccs being rcgiilnted, where
the rank of staff officers do not correspond wilh tlie
table, by making tliu addition ctiuul to one liall' of tiie
regimental allowance to officers. To Aid de Camps,
if Subalterns, the stuff and island allowance of a
Captain are granted.
\\'hen officers of the undermentioned ranks, holding
staff appointments, or doing duty in Ceylon, are re-
lieved or superseded, and have ceased to perform
military duty, they are allowed the following reduced
island allowances, from the date of their relief to that
of their embarkation : Colonel, 22/. 14*. M, per men-
sem ; Lieut. -Colonel, 16'. Is.; Major, l.")/. \9s. 4d. ;
Surgeon, I'M. ICm.; Inspector-General of Hobpitals,
22/. 14«. fill. ; Deputy Inspector-(ieneral of Hospitals,
16/. Is. ; Assistant Deputy lns|)ector-General of Hos-
pitals, 15/. 19«. 4(/. ; Staff Surgeon, 1,1/. 19*. 4(/.
Besides the above allowance, the following are the
rates of i)ay granted to officers on the staff paid by
the colony : — 1 Deputy Assistant Adjutant-General,
10*. per day; 1 Deputy Assistant Quarter Master-
General, ICs. per day ; 4 staff officers of garrisons,
10.«. per day; 1 Aid de Cnnip to the Governor or
Lieut. -Governor, Kl.v. per day.
Scale of stoppage made from officers occupying
government quarters. — Major- General, Colonel and
Inspector General of Hosjiitals, 21. 0«. Cul. per month ;
Lieut, -Colonel, Major, Deputy Inspector-General of
Hospitals, and As.sistant Inspector of Hospitals,
1/. 14a'. Od. ; Captain, Paymaster, and Surgeon,
U. Os. ,3i/.; Assistant Surgeon, Lieutenant, Ensign
and Quarter Master, 13s. C>d.
XI. Comjarative Yearly Statimcnt of tlie Revenue of
Ceylon, from \H-i~ to 1336.
.Separate Tax or Duty.
Ih:i3
1834 1835
1836
Itevcniie of Formir Years.
^■
^' 4'
£
Revenue balance oiitstanding
rccoverort
,';2fi3
4910 5719
4413
Cinnamon and Cinnamon Oil,
(Halancc ot Sales in KnRland)
lO-ISlI
65470
21000
—
Revenue of the Current Year.
Sea Customs, (Duty on Imports
and Expoits, exclusive of
Cinnamon)
64419
103030
66578
66418
E\i ort Duty on Cinnamon
—
47816
74631
Sale of Cinnamon .
,'i!l7.'>8
9679 13029
52534
Paddy Farms rented Sc unrented
3;'3!)6
414141 32540
32481
Fine Grain Farms do. do.
UflSH
3150| 2796
2734
Garden Farms do. do.
1103
348, 4U6
4t)6
Salt Farms do. do.
21)011
35542 .12306
31872
Arrack and Toddy Farms do.
3lr.'fi8
2526.-1 31598
32296
Fisli Farmi
6480
5887
6783
7412
(liank Farm
13
1968
1211
1 erry rriilKC, Canal and Lock
li02U
&0()4
5262
5706
Tolls
Duty on Arrack Stills
16 14
2428
1959
2305
Pearl Fikliery . ,
li.')043
— 1 40346
25816
Sale of Dlank Stamps
3121
2735 2710
2hOli
Sak .;' Jniiicial Stamps
10172
107861 10299
10874
Collection of I'di-tage
1823
2585
241)8
2607
Profit and J.oss, Premium on
Sale of l;ill.s, Interest on
Arrears of Ueiit, ^;c.
5376
5C32
3730
3872
Rent and Sale of Lands and
Houses
8J7
3746
4S30
6884
Conuiassariat and Colonial
Stoies and Provisions, \c.
93107
30131
29205
27251
Mi'^cellaneous
2IIU24
15();io
375700
2»5,-97
715.-.
4352y6
568188
100533
T(,tal for 1H27, 228934; 1828, 263475; 1829, 345164; 18.'(0,
330g04 ; 1H31, 3l54.->5 ; 1832, 3 I3li66.
Maiitimc di.slrirl.s, l.ntid l\i
— [Ceylon HH.
for lH3f>.] — Ttix on I'addy. — In the western and
southern i)rovinces the tax payable to government
varies, being sometimes one-half, sometimes one-
third, one-fourth, one-tiflh, or one-tenth of the pr.).
(luce. In the northern and eastern provinces, it is
invariably fixed at one tenth ; the tax is levied on the
authority of immemorial usage, and it is particularly
recognized by a proclamation of the 22nd of April IHii.t
'I'lie connnutation system originally put into practire
in the Kaiidyan districts, has been introdueid in ail
the divisions of the western, eastern, and iiortlic::i
provinces, but Manar, and in the Galle divison of the
southern jjrovince.
7'aj- on Fine Grain. — This is not levied in the
Colombo, Caltum, and Negombo divisions of the
western province. It is however recognized by the
proclamation of the 22nd of April 1803, which im.
poses generally a tax Of one-tenth on the produce of
all high lands, which means lands not adapted to the
production of Paddy. In those divisions where it is
not levied, the exemption is in consequence of special
cau.ses represented to, and sanctioned by government.
Tax on Qardms. — This revenue is derived from two
different sources, from gardens belonging to govern-
ment, and the government share of llatmahare, Nil-
lapalla, Mallapalla, Muttetto, Divile Parveny, and Ac-
commodessan Gardens.
Tithes Redeemed. — A measure adopted in Novem-
ber IHi;? by Government, under the conviction that
proprietors of Paddy lands, would cultivate them
more carefully, and with greater advantage to the
public, if subjected to one tenth only, instead of to
the larger rates of tax, mentioned in the first para-
graph. The redemption is effected by the owner payin','
the estimated value of the difference of Tax for eijht
or ten years, atone payment; under instructions from
the Secretary of state, preparations are being made
for the general redemption of the land tax, upon the
same jirinciple.
Duty on I'addy Fields. — An annual duty in ninnrv
on government lands, cultivated by the iidiabitantsnl'
the Hatticaloa division of the eastern province, miller
authority from Government, established when the
Dutch first gained possession of that district.
Land Customs — Taxes levied at ferries, bridges,
canals, and the lock and cart tolls established from
time to time, under the authority of Government,
according to the ancient Dutch laws. The regulations
No. 17. of 1822, and No. 3. of 1831, protect this
source of revenue.
Turnpike at Maroon. — Established in Ifi'i!), and
levied on loaded Passengers at the rates fixed l)y a
minute of Council under date 22nd December 18l'8,
this tax was abolished from 1st .lanuary 1837.
Sen customs. — These duties are collected under,
and agreeably to the directions, of the Regulation No.
9. of 182.''>, No. 1. of 1828, and No. 4. of isno, and
an ordinance passed by the Legislative Council No. ".
of 1836. The ))ayment of Fees on Port Clearancfs
and Pil'itage under the .'>9 and 68 clauses of the re-
gulation. No. 9. of 182.'), is regulated from 1st January
183.5, by advertisement of the 29th December, l«:il.
Cinnamon. — The proceeds of cinnamon, the col-
lection of the plantations, retained by Government,
sold under the instructions of the Secretary of State,
and the advertisement of the 9th March .833, issued
thereupon. The cinnamon is put up to sale monthly,
in lots of five bales of one hundred pounds each hale,
at the upset |)rices of 3,v. 6d. for the first, 2s. for the
second, and 9'/. for the third sort, per lb.
Receipts for sortini; and emli/iliuz Ciiiiidin'ii.—
CEYLON.— FINANCES.
:\>M
I'ndor this homi are brought to (iccount, receipts for
assortiiiK unci cinbiiling private eimiiiniDii lodged in
the (ioveriimcnt stores at Colombo and Galle, under
the superintendancc of the otheers of government, at
the rate of 2s. per bale of one hundred pounds ; under
the advertisement of the 14th August IKHH.
iMfihii'.s. — Anark mid Taddij. — 'I'ax on the con-
sumption of Arrack and Toddy or the exclusive pri-
vilege of retailing Arnitk, formed in the several
provinces, protected l)y tiie ordinance No. "). of IH.'U.
SHIU. — This tax was first imposed in January 1H21,
hut it was found expedient to lower the established
dutv, in the proportion of one-tliird in March IH'JO,
and again to lower it to 2s. a gallon in May IHUi',
which is the rate now levied. The ordinance No. .I.
of IH^U, protects this branch of revenue.
Siftinfi: SiivdJ'ur Praits. — 1 rivilege of sifting sand
for pearls, and is rented at •Manar after the pearl
fishery is over.
Weights and measures. — Annual payments to the
Colombo cutchcrry for stamping weights, and mea-
sures, and hire of dry measures established by govern-
ment under the 3rd and 7th regulations of 18 IC, and
which system has by the I'Jth rcg'.ilatiou of 1822,
been extended to liquid, and linear measures and
weights.
Auction Duty — Government duty of 2 per cent, on
moveable property, levied under the ordinance No. 5.
of 183G.
Fish. — Government share of fish caught in the sea,
rivers, lakes, &c. This duty is rented in the several
provinces and was established under the Dutch go-
vernment from an early jjcriod. The duty was ge-
nerally reduced to one-sixth, from 1st January 1H3-1,
and lias been further reduced to one-tenth from 1st
January 18;n.
Under instructions from the Secretary of State, an
alteration in the mode of collecting this brand, of the
revenue, is under consideration.
Cli'ink Fishery. — The exclusive [jrivilcge of fishing
for Chanks, reserved by government from time im-
memorial, generally rented. The Dutch proclamation
of the 28th May IMiti, protects this branch of revenue
established in June 1830.
Salt. — Recognized by regulation No. 2. of IHIS,
and was formerly conducted on the authority of cus-
tom and orders of the Dutch government. The Or-
dinance No. 3. of 1830, consolidates and amends the
laws for the protection of this branch of revenue.
Stamps. — Amount of stamps sold at the several
cutcherries, and by the commissioner of stamps, under
the regulations No, 4. of 1827, and No. 2. of 1830,
which have been revised by the ordinance No. (i. of
1836.
Judicial Receipts. — Amount of stamps sold in judi-
cial process and paid into the Cutcherries, by the
several district judges throughout the island, accord-
ing to the tables of fees, established by the supreme
court, under the charter dated the 18th I'-ebrnary 1833.
Fines and Forfeitures. — Fines levied and sums ob-
tained for articles, confiscated and sold for the benefit
of the Crown, by the supreme court and district
judges.
Postage. — Island postage on Letters &c, regulated
by the ordinance. No. 8. of 183fi.
I'earl Fishery. — Can only be considered as a casual
and not a permanent revenue. The regulation for
the protection of the banks and the Dutch proclarm-
tiiins of the 2Hth May KWir), and the l.'')th November
1745, and the regulation No. 3. of 1811,
tiini iiiiiiii.-
LiiniLs and Houses. — Under this head receipts of the
following de8cri|)tions are brought to account. The
monthly rent of Uovernnient houses and lauds oc-
cupied by individuals ; the amount of |)rocieds of
bouses, gardens, waste ground and cinnamon planta-
tions, disposed of by government, and the collection
made at the several government rest houses in the
islr.nd, from travellers or passengers occupying the
same.
Assessment on houses, &,:. — This tax is levied from
occupants of houses at Colond)o and Galie, and was
first imposed in the year 1H20. This as well as the
tax on bullock carts (both of which are brought to
account under one head) are jirotected by the ordi-
nance, No. 4 of 1H34, as amended by No. .'i. of lH3-'>.
(lorernment (lazettes, &c. — Under this head receipts
accruing from the sale of, and from advertisements
inserted in the " Government Gazette." Also from
the sale of the Ceylon almanac; are brought to
account by the government agent for the Western
province.
Kandynn Districts. — Land lierenue. — The receipts
classed under this head, are derived from the tax of
one-fifth, one-tenth, or one fourteenth, on the Paddy
(Ricej lands of private proprietors, which is imposed
by the 18th, I'Jth, and 20th clauses, of the Procla-
mation of the 21st November lal8, and from the
royal lands still possessed, unalienated by the Crown,
by a tax varying from twenty -five to fifty per cent,
of the produce, which last mentioned lands are an-
nually rented.
In the central province the tax on private property,
had till 1820 been exclusively levied by an annual
assessment of the crop of e:icb harvest, and had chiefiy
been collected in kind. Within the last eight years
in the districts adjacent lo the town of Kaiidy, this
annual assessment has been commuted, with the
consent of the proprietors, for the annual ]>ayment
of a given quantity of grain, without annual assess-
ment till the end of the year IHHO, and that system
has been further improved within the last six years,
by giving the proprietors the option of paynig that
conuiiuted fixed assessment, either at a fixed money
rate, or in kind. The stimulus given to industry in
the aforesaid districts by the completion of the car-
riage road, between Colombo and Kandy, and other
channels of communication have induced and enabled
the proprietors to i)ay that commuted tax since 1831,
almost exclusively in money. From the double ad-
vantage of an increase in the amount of the tax, and
of the saving of the .-barges of annually assessing,
transporting and storing the revenue grain, a nett
increase of upwards of one hundred per cent, was
derived under this head, in those commuted districts
as compared with the revenue, obtained under the
former system, and the proprietors have at the same
time been protected from many disadvantages and
grievances insuperable from the former system of
annual assessment. The term of the first settlement
having expired with the year 1832, the proprietors
had the option of either renewing the settlement on
the same conditions, for another term of three years,
or of reverting to the former system of aimual assess-
ment. The lenewal of the commutation assessmert
was accepted throughout the former commuted dis-
tricts. At the end of 183.5, the renewed commutation
also expired, and a notice was issued, that the assess-
ment may eitbir be renewed, for a term of twenty-one
yearf, or that the tax may be redeemed in pcrjietuity,
by payiiigtcn years purchase of the commuted annual
I .%ir
'*.*"«
i-^m
30-2
CEYLON.— FINANCES.
I
' 1
tax. The permission to redeem has been accepted
to some extent, each of tlie proprietors as were not
prepared to redeem, have accepted the commutntioii
asses.sment for the term of twenty-one years. 'I'he
commutation system of obtaining; for a term of years,
a fixed annual payment in grain or money, without
assessment of crops, and of renewing; tlie term as it
expires, liliewise prevails in the Kandyan portion
of the western, southern, eastern, and nortiiern pro-
vinces.
hand Ciistnrns. — The only receipts under this head
are those derived from the ferry and bridse toll
rents, which are levied under the regulation No. 3. of
1831.
Licenses. — Tax on the consumption of arrack, or
the exclusive privileij'e of retailing arrack protected by
the ordinance No. 5. of 183 I.
Auction Duty. — This head requires no explanation
beyond what is given above respecting the maritime
districts.
Stamp.<i. — Judicial Receipt. — Fines and Forfeitures.
— Postafre. — These heads too require no further ex-
planation.
Statement shewing the Amount of Customs Duties
collected in each Port during the year 1830.
Ports.
Amount
Western Province :
£.
s.
(/.
Colombo ,
11L>131
2
31
Negombo
2010
I
3*
Pantura
742
17
3;f
Caltura
IfiOf)
1,'-.
2
Barbaryn
1421
3
21
Calperityn
f)97
19
9
Chilaw
14
1
1
Total .
118(;24
1
Southern Province :
Galle
8Hf.fi
3
7
Ballepittymodera
022
9
41
Ahangama
131
5
8i
Dodanduwa
383
1,5
10^
Tangalle
—
Matura
468
18
lU
Hambantotta
—
Total
10472
13
ci
Northern Province :
JaflFna
717.')
12
11
Manar
r>r,f,
1.5
10^
Point Pedro
1027
18
iH
Mulletivo
9
8
Sillavetorra
7fi.')
10
8i
Total
9.')34
G
H
Eastern Province :
Trincomale
2279
12
m
Batticaloa
138
9
(>i
Total
2418
2
5
Grand total of the 4 Provinces
141049
2
f)
Ahklract sliiiivlii.r llie Tola) Aiiiotint iiC llrM'tiiic riTi'ivFi|;ii
the Tiriiniiy, and by each itl lliv (luveiiiiiiicit A|(>'iiit tr.
«|)rctlvcly.
IH.1.1.
IHXt.
IflSV
IS3(1.
1X31.
f.
.*'.
c.
f.
r.
Keccipla at the Treasury
'i700.13
MON-il
l.)H-|-20
-iil43NH
law-ii
Ditt'i hy till' (ioveriinii'iit
TiB'ir
rsaou
mw
730US
71,111
ARfiit, Western Pro
viiice.
Oitlo. . .. Kaslern nitlo..
linn
in033
12356
lODflfi
105,1,1
Ditln.. ..Sdiilhern Dhto.
3I.'S7(I
iWil
x,ir,\
3.17S4
4ll(ir
Ililto Norlherii Ditto.
'unno
374mi
7IOO'i
.Vi«85
.1,'i7ll2
Ditto. ...Cciilial Ditto..
1(181 S
143.10
I8in»
2IM;i
.IliJ.MII
IJMMi
■i73;oo
;IB8I88
•luo.Ha
\n earlier retuniB.
Comparative Yearly Stateini'iit of the Revenue ofCeylim,
(B. B)
1833.
Arrears of Kcvenue
former years.
Uejiiilai Kcveiiiic
Casual Kcveiiiie and In
cidenlal Keceipta.
of WSlOl
I,S34.
8|-.i7,'i
;2772ni 2.1087,5
320(13
435,'iO
135200373700
1835. ' 1838, Isr.
i'.
27170
4113^
f.
200.3.33 3.1 Mil I ,Tin;ou
414(14 4l(i2U rniKi
3118188 400S33 lilom
Erpenditure. — From the time of our acquisition of
this island, its revenue has been inade(pinte tn inpct
the expenditure, whether wisely or unticccssarily in-
curred. Certainly much of the expenditure arose
from causes which now cease to operate — luimciy,
internal war with the Kandyans, and, in conspf|Monce
of hostilities in Europe or British India ; even at this
moment, a larger military force is ke|)t up in Ceylon
than is required for the mere protection of the isiaml,
in consequence of its being the Malta or Gibraltar of
our eastern possessions. The following abstract was
laid before the finance comniittce of parliament in
1828.
Net Revenue and Expenditure of Ceylon, for Fodv-
teen Years,
Years.
Net
Revenue.
1811..
1812..
1813..
1814..
181,5..
1810..
1817..
1818..
1819..
1820..
1821..
1822..
1823..
1824..
Total
£
301758
271210
320806
3:.2416
3707.57
3,i4846
340020
359595
342375
404123
370497
313142
280862
297945
Expenditure.
Excess of
Expenditure.
4082352
£.
411249
370301
491770
409309
511434
450502
410491
454490
478940
476054
410126
309038
404480
393548
0047804
£.
109491
99091
170070
5^953
1,34077
105050
70471
94901
130565
71931
39029
55890
117018
95003
1304,552
We perceive from the foregoitig, that notwith-
standing the heavy expenses incurred hy the Kandyan
war, and the necessity for occupying a large extent
of the interior, which, for several years could not be
expected to
nance and pe
Yet the ex
had coiisideri
prospect of tl
us in the Cey
revenue and
1821..
451
1822. .
473
I«23..
355
1824..
387
1825..
355
1820..
278
1827..
204
1H28..
305
1829..
389
1830..
403.
1831..
420
Total
4093;
Cc
Separate
Head of Ex pen
Charges of the (
Year.
Fixed Estahlislti
Civil ....
Judicial . . .
Revenue . .
Ecclesiastical ,
Provis. Estaldisli
Civil ....
Judicial . . .
Revenue . .
Ecclesiastical ,
Fixed Continget
Civil. . . .
Judicial . . .
Revenue . .
Ecclesiastical .
Unfixed Continge
Civil ....
Judicial , . .
Revenue . .
Ecclesiastical .
Kandyan Prisone
Madras . .
Arrears of former
CKYLON.— FINANCE.
me ri ccivfil ai
ii'iit A)(>'iilii tr.
lR3n.
f.
•il)4,)H8
730US
fl lonofl
I 35754
iKa;.
£~
IS55,'il
7i;U3
IH 400533 ;in7MII
ue of Ceyinn,
1838. 1837.
4113
f.
Villi)
S3 35111)1 SWOii
14 41li'2U 3U;3!I
J8 400533 3T04J9
I I
acquisition of
(|iintp to iiiret
lU'Cissarily in-
;niiiturc arose
rati' — namely,
n consoqiicnce
; even at tills
up in Ceylon
1 of the island,
r Gibraltar of
abstract was
parliament in
on, for Foiir-
Kxcess of
peniliture.
£.
10'J4!H
99091
170070
r)r.9.'.3
1.31077
lO.'iCirif)
70471
94901
i3Cir)Gr)
71931
39029
:..".f<9()
117018
9r)0(l3
|3G455a
lat notwith-
Itiie Kandyan
(large extent
could not be
398
expected to meet the charges requisite for its niaiiite-
ntnce and peace.
Yet the excess of expenditure in the latter years
had considerably diminished ; but a more ni^reeable
prospect of the finances of the colony is presented to
us in the Oylon Almanac for I H33, which gives the
revenue and expenditure from 18;il to 1H31, thus —
Mr. Cameron, the late Commissioner of Inquiry at
Ct.'ylon, thus (h^tnils thejudieiBl expenditure for about
1,(U)0,(K10 people: — Supreme Court, 13,030(.; Mn-
gistrales' Courts, (i.oon/. ; Independint Aiient, Kur-
nei;alle, 272/.; Afrentsof (tovcrniiient (hnlf\ 2, 91!)/.;
Circuits of Supreme Courts, H72/. ; Provincial Courts,
f^9^l7/. ; .ludiciul Conimissioner, Kandy, 2,413/. ; Mii-
Kislrate ditto, 34''i/. ; Contingencies tlxed, ."ins/. ;
Ditto, unfixed, h31/. ; Total expenses, 3fi,245/. per
annum.
Ciiiniiii.imritit Dfjiartmi-iit. [n. B. 1K30.1 — Regi-
mental service, being for lour regiments of infantry
and the Ceylon Rifie reniinent, including provisions,
(tc, 91,.'i7H/. ; (unerul Stall', and Medical Otficers,
3,840/. ; total, 9'>,4-.'4/.
Onhinni-'' D'purinirvt. [H. B. Iw3f..] — Pay to the
Royal Kngineers, 17h/. ; extra pay to the Royal En-
gineers, 274/. ; servants' allowance to the Royal Kn-
ginec rs, 7H/. ; total, 'uU)/. Pay to ollicers of the Royal
Artillery, 020/. ; subsistence to two companies Royal
Artillery, 3,00s/., total, 4,2.SH. Military works and
repairs, l,l'>H/. Civil Branch: Artillery contingencies,
19.'')/.; Storekeepers' department, 3,020i. ; total,
3,221/. Total amount expended on Cevlon within
the year 1830, 9,197/. Deduct sale of stores within
the year, and consequently short drawn from the
treasury, 407/. Total, 8,790/.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Expenditure of Ceylon, from 1827 to 1837.
i
M
('lit t'.-
><
Revenue.
Espenditu
u
V. 0)
° =
U. a.
£.
i'.
£.
£.
1821..
4.'')9099
4818.54
—
22155
1822..
473009
458340
15328
—
1823..
3.W406
470242
—
120830
IS24..
387259
441592
—
.54333
1825..
355320
495529
140209
1820..
278358
394229
—
115879
1827..
204785
411048
—
110913
1828..
305712
339510
—
38894
1829..
389534
344757
44777
—
1830..
403475
347029
50440
—
1831..
420170
350505
73005
—
Total
4093387
4547307
I 90 150
039219
Separate
Head of Expenditure.
Charges of the Current
Year.
Fixed Establishments :
Civil
Judicial
Revenue ....
Ecclesiastical . . .
Provis. Estatdislimenis :
Civil
Judicial
Revenue ....
Ecclesiastical . . .
FixL'd Contingencies :
Civil
Judicial
Revenue ....
Ecclesiastical . . .
Unflxed Contingencies :
Civil
Judicial
Revenue ....
Ecclesiastical . . .
Kandyan Prisoners at
Arrears of former years
1827.
£.
50470
31705
33979
31947
3098
23708
10790
2557
10431
7867
219220
1828.
£.
50223
32093
3-1359
22055
3330
27491
17.539
3 1 20
9294
4849
204955
1829.
£.
50584
29052
34034
13911
4201
28779
18077
4040
9005
7371
199273
1830.
49389
31915
33870
21121
4771
33088
19104
357('
10740
5462
1831.
48120
28K99
32794
18957
5 1 83
30823
10045
3803
15583
5981
1832.
£.
44234
20004
31105
15701
5048
20100
10435
4077
12103
6587
1833.
30877
29«81
30215
7270
107
1715
135H
3
10704
4023
2108
13
23014
02(
13192
328
4935
1834.
213044
200792
£.
33391
20419
20352
7981
107
4718
1358
3
8039
4290
12427
1250
39 1 7
7H89
2177H
24,'
4653
1835. ! 1836. 1^37.
£. ' £.
30503; 30345
2/0!)Hj :9227
27159 29 44
8104; 8(.94
£.
154j
4415'
1535!
681
442
2291
837
38
9209 12558
4239 5197
7140 8949
2249 213(
25503 48110
90.S0 .I.-.74
190.^3 3('543
1907. 1347
2965! 3780
185122 1890081200 1 09; 197051 224016
7200
1 96809
141211 13429 11793
214290 210480 235809'
3 V.
HV
'..Uiin
394 rFYI.ON— FINANCK, COMMKRCF..
General Abstract of the Cumiiarutivc Yearly Stutcments of the Culunial Civil Military Expenditure,
I
1827. I I82S. I 1H29. 1S:10.
Civil Expenditure
Military Expenditure
ToUl . .
£.£.£. £.
21<J220;2049r)r)'l9927;V2i:»n»4
, (i;M7.')| 1 1 12.')(U 111 7N| 10:V.»HL'
-]'
382C9r) 31621 l.;ti;U52;il9Cp2(
I I
IS31. 1H32. I 1«33. I I8;)4. lK3r). 1«3(;.
£. I £. I £.
L'0(i7U2| 18.11221 1'jfififig
114400 114443,101339
J..
£. £. I £.
214290:210480 23.')H 10 2784,')l
89>i82l H3(i9'i| M94t.,"i, H(i7(m
(2 1 1 92 29U.'>f'i.O 29H20H|303373l 294 1 70 32.')27."> Sfitfl '.1
Recapitulation of the EntBblishment of Ceylon. [H. B.]
Civil Estahlislinicnt . . .
Contingent Ex|)i'nditurc . .
Revenue Estahlishnient . .
Contingent Kxprnditure . .
Judicial Estnlilishment . ,
Contingent Ex|irnditure . .
Ecclesiapticnl llstiihlishmcnt
Contingent Expenditure . .
Miscellaneous Expenditure .
Pensions
Total .
1828.
£.
1829.
1830.
1831,
1832.
1833.
1834.
183ft.
1836,
1837,
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£. ' c.
6874.')
H0339
79213
74808
774,''.2
29804
39638
39203
40296; 37:);)l
1 20.')0
1220,')
12178
10149
9r.91
2410
4236
■')(>84
5.'.33 H3:ii:)
—
—
—
—
—
29.'>79
301.')4
31836
315.^") uiMHs
—
—
—
—
—
4386
6661
6.'")20
866 r -lOlH?
29844
32714
32696
32461
31136
31739
326.')7
33206
32478 ;',i:',Hf,
SS,')
r,93
644
72-.
2314
I960
2386
2798
27.''>';i i{)-,-M
7880
78K0
7897
8.')41
8098
8779
9048
9509
84H,-., ■;[)■>-{
21
•l.'i.llO
3091'
7
7
7
—
—
18
18
61; 22-JU
3836
3r.s4
3221
3499
3.'J39
509.')
5070
4820i —
138029
137674
136219
129914 132092
1
112199
129896'l33245|l3l6.'-,l
'242(;fii
* Knndyan Provinces.
XII. IMPORTS, EXPORT.S, AND SHIPPINO OF CEYI.OV.
Years.
(ircat Britain.
North America. tJiiited States.
Foreign States.
To
nl.
Val. £•
No.
Tons.
Val.^
No. 1 Tons. Val. 1
1
No.
Tons.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Val. ^
No.
Tons.
Men.
IK-.'N
•J!l98lj
23
87)6
1137
4HiHJ ..
, ,
, ,
24431
1,14
Ul>3l
3231)33
1314
()ii()70
14791
ib',2y
:)!>-'.)«■
13
4H.'>7
•l-iH
.'if)S2() . .
2H2.-i6 l.lfi
H22!l
3I(I2IM
\\r,:
()!l!)12
131^1
1h:i(I
4ii;;;;
11
3!) 11
H'H
fioi.'-.; ..
3 »2.;8
iby
iJllfc
3|(),'5H2
\u:,H
77031)
Hjfiii
ism
•Anr,:,!)'
/
•Jfiir
^^
1041
4H33<) . .
..
•27278
1/1
I2K17
■iH->IJHH
122 -'
();i"i33
ll.'iUS
18;i2
i77'.y-i
13
4(i(l3
list)
4,-1)11 1311)
1
27!»
387 12
211
133(13
3,')I2.'3
1411
()(i'l!lt)
13.1211
iHi;t
(i(IKl2
21
;((H3
..
111)2
,')!•. .11, H72
1
27!»
2()'.>73
143
673U
3:'(IK()1
13.!7
fiHtils
13;!(lll
1h:u
71(1;.')
13
41)15
.. ,11.1.-.
(•)362l l.-iO
271
31l)()i
237
1 3(1.') 1
372725
Mill)
H(ii|(i7
lU'.'ll
iK:r>
fiimi7'
Hi
4!).-ill
.. 1-Jiiii
,'),'>336 103
4.->l
3(IIH^
IHfi
12377
3,')207(i
141)1
73I2{)
i;i)l2
IHH()
ya237
20
etioy
111)3
53010 ..
..
24137
i4H
ys()3
4111fi7
1331
71232
13.')03
J8;i7
i
i
From El.scwliere, valne, lH2a, 269,518/. ; 182<.), 272,654/. ; 1H3(p, 271,576/. ; ih31, 227,1511/. ; IS32, 263,372/. ; 1833, a2!),!)32/. i
1831, 26(),S33/. i 1835, 2^1, S!)4/.j lh36, 293,472/.
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF CEYLON.
110551
9
3551
1048
41890
..
|(|li55h
13
41-69
loys 56;):i()i ..
*
16.S.-17''
11
3;(i9
1176 63191 ..
5(J!l»3
1
2429
1040
53119 .. ..
9S526
14
476^
i2.-,y
6671 2rt39 : 1
aru
42403
18
5286
..
1184
5 '-.nO
1702 ! 1
279 (
;6.)HH
10
3083
1199
65li57
. . . .
7n'y."'
IS
5462
1208
62431
400 I
274 1
228501
26
7836
1100
36231
5188 1
274
1828
1829
1830
1831
1 832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
To Elsewliere, value, 1828, 64
1631
38
3185
215372
1'I95
1330
36
2.'.6l
2-(6l43
1147:
1536
47
2624
250788
1234:
740
28
225()
121 1 IS
11I75|
559
31
\:yi*
1. •,601)8
13115
1261
59
2448
M)l)17l)
1262
()354
41
3803
145H33
1250
15293
51
3889
158921
1281,
8890
7;i
4095
308,-03
1200
48626
1 mi
61369
131)1)1)
6il-87
12li;3
57834
10132
7.1317
l:;72l
65293
\rm
7251.;
127H11
72056
135(13
68463
12364
189/.! 1829, 88,25fi/. ., 1830, 80,675/.; 1831,60,505/.
1834, 6-',49«/. ; 1835, 1)3, ()32/. ; 1836, 6(), 122/.
1832, 54,102/. I 1833, 55,101/.
tJnricr tho head of " ENewhcrc," the continent of Imlia i^ (jrlncii.nlly alliutcd to ; and under that of " I'aro'cn States,"
the French settlements in India, tlie ports of China, the Island of Madeira, and the dominions of the liidi:ui inncts. In
alliance vvith the East liiciia Company ate included.
XIII. Amniiut of Cain in circulation. ( B. B. 1836 ]
It is impossible to e.stimate this sum with any degree
of accuracy. The following is a statement of specie
put into circulation froin time to time by the Ceylon
government, the amount of which has been continu-
ally decreasing by exportation to the contiuuMt, and
melting for nui
.S'i7)w.— The
Knglnnd, at l,s. •
rtipees, 260.1)01
ally issued at
ht Direinber, I
s'lver eoinnge
18-.'-., 49,999/. ;
1830, 16,999/.
()diil)('r, 18:',(),
ditto July, 1 83 I,
ditto July, I83.i
rupees, 119,999
hy the ii;;L'nts of
ami iimile eurrei
11,(10(1/.; 49,998
.^11,0(10 remitted
hv ditto, 4,."i83/
'.)J66/. ; 100,000
(!t3iL-y of Eirt
totiii Mndrtis ru|
remitted to the (
•igciits of the C(
made current nt t
7,016 reecivt'd fp
cliiiiaiiion niid di
total, l,5-)9/, ; to
r";.rs, 125,000
diirlii!,' 1H34, by tl
at ('alciitta, and
(■.■ich,12,.'.00/.; 12
4.'i,12() received I
lor I'lnnninon ai)(
I,7,''i0 iveeivcd It
(I'vloii, in ditto,
:i',i'J,91i6 received fi
and made current
Siatenieiit Oiewiii
r.
'iicral 1
leai-iiry ..
H
e>lt'rn 1
invince ..
s
itlht )n
ditto ..
\
iilhivii
dim. ..
1,
isJi'in
diuo ..
(.
iilial
ditto
Total
Aminint of Papp
!''.■!(;.] 40,715 no
notes of i7. each,
M70/.; 213 notes
■M. each, 760/. ; 2'
t*",4(i()/. The value
as tliat of the precii
1837.
asai:.!
i8:)7.
1
£.
IW\
37.TJ1
■.33
8:i:.i:t
ir.r)
liiMHS
•.f>4
4(llM7
47H
.•iK'.Hf,
7r>o|
ion:!:!
tsr.
I'm
61
•22M)
820
1
—
CKYLON— MONKTAUV hYSlKM,
.TJ5
moltinc; for manufacture into plate or (triittincnts : —
Silirr. — The new rix-dnlinrs, -lOOiOOO rciv'ivi'd fniiii
Kii(,'lntiil, at 1a. M. laeli, .1(1,(10(1/. ; the (|iiiuttr Madras
rupees, lit'iD.llOO imported in IM2.'i and Ihl' I, iiri|;in-
idly i^tHiied at lii/. eneli, nnd now made current Iroiii
1st Deeemher, \K\A, at rAd. eneh, r,,\):,Hl. ; tlie jiritisli
silver eoinage received trom l'ji(;land in Oerolur,
1H2.'., 4'.).W.lt. ; ditto April. IHMO, 7,;)y'.)/.; ditto May,
IHUd, l«i,'J'.)'.»/. ; ditto Aut!U.st, IK.H), r.,()0()/. ; ilitto
October, Ih:ui, r.,()(i()/. ; ditto May, IMMI, .'■.,(i()()( ;
ditto Jidy, lH;U,r),(i()()(.; ditto October, IH.'tJ, <!, «;)'.)/.;
ilitto July, IHXA, <»,'.»'.)H(. ; total, 1 1 1,m<.».">/. Madras
rupees, HI*,'.)')'.) remitted toTrinconiuUe durini; \k'M,
by the a;;eiits of the Ceylon government at Madras,
nnd made current at the exclian!;e of l.«. \Oii, eiicli,
11,0(10/.; I'.Mt'.tH ditto durinj; \H:\r,, hy ditto, •J,.">H;t/ ;
.'ill, 000 remittiil to the (iein'rnl Treasury durinj; IHIil,
by ilitto, -t,.''iM;i/ ; lOO.OOO ditto diuilif; \h:\:,, by rlitto,
[i',\Ml.; 100,0(10 ditto during \>*'M, by the' I'resi-
(kiiey of Firt St. (ieorKe, 'l,\i'iC>L; total, .'tH,4l»t)/. ;
total Madras rupees, 4I',»,'.)'.»7. Dombiiy rupees, 10,00(1
remitted to the (ieiural I'rensury duriii); Ih:U, by the
agents of the Ceylon government at Uombay, and j
Timile current at tlie exchant;e of l.v. lOi/. each, [)[i'il. ; ,
7,niri received from the custom house in payment for j
ciiiuaiiuin and duty iii 1H31, at l.v. 10/. each, (i43/. ;
total, l,.').'')!)/. ; total Hombny rupees, 17, Old. Sicca
ri'j.ii's, l:ir),000 remitted to the Cieiieral Treasury
(hirin;; 1H34, by the af^ents of the Ceylon Roverniiuiit i
lit Calcutta, and made current at the exchange of "J.v. j
Mill, \-2,:>0()L; \2Qm) ditto during iH.'ir., ditto, 1,200/ ; |
4'), 120 received Irom the custom-house in payment |
tor cinnamon and duty in 18:t4, at ditto, 4,.'>1l'/. ;|
1,7.10 received from the Commander of the ship !
Ceylon, in ditto, being value of salt, at ilitto, 17')/. ; [
ii'.iy, ;)'.(('> received from the lieiigal government in IHIi;'), |
anil made current ut the above rate, 3'j,'.jy'J/. ; total, I
.'■>H,;i.>^(;/. ; total Sicca rupees, .^H;<,HnCi. Spanish dol-
iars, ll,,'l,"i3 received from the cuHtoin-hou«o inpay-
ment for cinnamon and duty in Ih;u, at l.«. 21. each,
:.',^l(i.')/. ; (i7,'JH4 received on aei-ount of the prodtice
ot the pearl lisberv ot l>*:\:,, at ditto, 11, 01 7/. ; total,
l<'i,;tMli/. ; total Spanish dollars, 7H,fi.t7. \HM;. —
(i',),0(IO sicca rupees received Iroin the agents Hengal,
(■|,'.)00/. ; r.',ooo Company's rupees ditto, 1,2ml.;
3i;t,;)!t3J( ("ompany's rupees received from liengal
government, 31,1););)/. ; .'>0,000 Madras rupees received
from the Madras government, 4,.''>m3/. ; total, 310,3().''i/.
(.'"///ic;'. — Dutch copper ehallies, taken at prize in
Kandy, 1n.3,h;)H rix-dollars; Knglish coinage with the
impression of an ICIephant, received from Kiigland in
1H03, yCsOOO r.ds. ; ditto IMIC, H3,;);)7 r. lis. ; ditto
IH17, 73,l3Mr.ds; ditto \h\h, H,1(; I r. (Is. ; total
Knglish cidnage, 2 (i 1 ,.'););) r: ds. ; grand total, 44.'i,4;)H
r.ds.; nt ln.l'til. per rix-dolliir, 33,112/. Hritisli Cop.
per coin, received Irom I'.iigland in Ihj,',, :,mt. ; ditto
in 1H27, .'),000/. ; iliito in lH2i), .'■>,000/, ; ditto ui Ik;u,
4,43,',/.; ditto in l.'S.i2, r,71/. ; tol.d, 1,''.,(;0(;/. ; graiiil
total, 3.VJ 3.-^"./.
I'recious metals in the several treasuries of the
island, on the 3 1st December, In3('i, as per statement,
viz.: (Jolil — Sovereigns, 12, OH I/. Silver — liritish
silver coin, .'■),(i'J(i/. ; new rix-dollar (Knglish coiieige),
37.')/.; Spanish dollars, 2,01.")/.; Mexican dollars,
303/.; Holevian dollars, 300/.; Sicca rupees, 702/. ;
Madras rupees. Oil.; Hombny rupees, (1/,; Com()any'8
rupees, 2:i,l<i;)/. ; Madras ipiarter rupees, 2,47li/. ;
total 31,10.')/. Copper — Hrilish copper coin, 1,()'JH/.;
Copper coin of Kiirope coinage, 4,. 1')1/. ; total, (),2.')2/. ;
grand total, .')2,41W. Add twice that amount as pro-
bably in the hands of the public (104,hs3/.), I.'')7,32l/.
Probable amount exported and melted, 202,O.VJ/,
Total, 3.'>;),3s:i/.
.Mill.
unit
l;)'i-l
llJli:)
11. VIS
l.l.l'.!i|
l,f.!OII
1 Hill
i;iiij
la.'iiKi
!J!),1);12/.
1 IVJ"
l;liMi!l
\it)7S
1 01 Hi
137-21
W99
I27W)
l;i56;)
1J;|64
101/. i
|t;n States,"
I'nncc'a, in
Ihe Ceylon
\i coiitimi-
lineiit, and
SiateiiiiMit .-hewing every ili -triplimi nf Ciirri'iiey in llie Casli Clnsts oT llie (ii'iieral Treasury and sevtT.il Ciiicliprrii:s
III tilt l.sluiiil, as lliey Mmiil en :iUt Deccliiliir, IH3(I.
Gold.
Silver.
Sovereigns.
Bii'ish
Silver.
>• a £1
5 "J
IIJ
■-2
oa-o
i
3
S
Si
£.
^.
^
£.
;*■.
.*■.
JS.
rn'iH'rari'ieii'-iiry ..
0313
m
6
3II-Z
3UU
, ,
,.
Wi'Mcin I'iDviiice ..
ai28
, ,
,,
, ,
S'linliiin dido
O.W
(131
n
3
333
Niiitlidn (lit)')
iM7r
'un
, ,
.,
01)
Kiisirrn dliti)
.'..111
14
, ,
2010
li'iilial ditto
-158U
mo
.■}(»
2
270
Total .. .
I'iOHl
seiKi
374
302
300
2013
702
Copper.
nil
£. rf'.
., 13U82
I
%l
a-
.2 a.
b s
eau
£.
i 300!
.. I 101 ..
,. I .1073! 55
6 3013; ..
23(17
lOJ
.lUII
Uli!)
211
IHII
3
117
1023
• 1(18
l.'7l»
t)7ll
l)U4
I'aper,
14701
11)111
5
dS.
41273
,)lllt
4.S88
2210111 01 I 247« \ 1097 4534
3111 4' tW2l
IS.W' 7021)
241 IX I'.:II23
23015 78330
Deduct deposits in the Cutcliorrles of Wesiern Provhir.uu 173
Dillo illlto .Soiiiliern ilillo ■ilMi;
Dillii ilillo No'iliirii iliito wi.')
Dillo
Ditio
ditto
ditto
KasliTii
Central
iiitio
dull)
11)7
2107
5407
7288»
Amimnt of Paper Currency in cirvuhitnin. [B. B. i being always exchanged on demand at the treasury.
l^lifi.] 40,71.') notes of \l. each, 40,71.')/.; 18,375 , The guarantee of the Governor for the time being,
notes of 2/. each, 30,7 ')0/. ; 1,274 notes of .5/. each, j under the sanction of his Majesty's ministers, is the
fi,''70/.; 213 notes of 10/. each, 2,130/. ; 3S notes of security on which the paper depends.
M. eneh, 7(')0/. ; 27 notes of 'I'Sl each, (".7"'/. ; total, I On the 31st December, 183(;, the amount of paper
>'",40ii/. The value of the ]iaper currency is the same I currency in the several Treasuries of Ciovernment
98 that of the precious metals in circulation, the same ! was as follows, viz. : Found notes, as per statement.
p
M'lf.
CEYLON.— WlilfJlITS AND MKASUllKS.
'Jft,9l!>l. Tho amount of prccintii mctttlii In circula-
tion hnn brcn OHtinrnfrd at l.'i7,.'»i'W. The aniiiiitit of
pnpfr ciirri'iicv is n7,|(I(|/. I'rulmblc excosn of pre-
cious nirtiils beyond paper cm rincy, ft'JJjM.
Hiilf iif Hirliiini'i'. — Kstiiblished by liovernnient
order of 7th July, iNi'.') : With Kn^liiiid &» \s. M. pvr
rix (lojjiir ; with Mndras dt 1.4. 1 Id. per rupee ; with
bonibrtv fa l.t. I !■(. per rupee.
KstiililiHhed li\ (ioveriitnent order of 7th July, 1H2.^,
and 4tli Aii){iist, IH.id : Willi C'ldcutta Oi 2.1. Id. per
sicca rupee, and 100 hIccas per lO'ifj Company's ru-
pees.
Kstabliahcd by Government order of 7th July, IHa.'i :
With the Mauritius and Fenang d-in.Ad. per Spanish
dollar.
The rates of exehniij;e with Cireat Britain and foreign
countries have been fixed according to the relative
value of the Crylim rix dollar to the Hritish and fo-
reign coins. The rate of exchange has been the same
from January to December, iHltCi, n.i lixed by the above
orders of 7tb July, \h2'>, and 4th August, IHMC),
Coins. — (lold coinage; Sovereigns; half ditto. — Hri-
tish silver coinage : Crowns; half ditto ; shillings;
six-penny (lieci^s ; rix dollars of Knglish coinage, value
Is. M. — Foreign silver coinage: Spanish and Ame-
rican dollars, value l.i. 'J I. ; sicca rupees, value 2.1. ;
Company's dato, value 2.v. ; Bombay ditto, value
Is. 10(/. ; Madras ditto, value l.v. lOd.; Madras (piarter
ditto, value .l^d. — Copper coinage: Penny pieces;
half ditto; farthings ; half ditto ; two pice jjieces of
English coinage, value id. ; one pice ditto, value l\d.;
half pice ditto, i|d. ; Dutch copper challies, taken as
prizes ui Kandy, value .\d.
The value of the British silver and the rix dollar
must have been fixed by assay in England. None of
these coins have been cut, i)ii'rced, or defaced. The
Madras (piarter rupees imported expressly for cir-
culation in the island, have received the impression
of a crown, but not otherwise altered.
IP'i'iirhts and Mfrisiin:^. — The Sinsnlt'se, or dry
measure is 4 cut cluindroons=l cut measure or seer;
4-.')ths=l coornie; 2 l-rjths=l niarcal ; 2=1 par-
rah ; 8—1 ammonam ; 9 3-Hths = l last.
The internal measure of a standard parrah is a per-
fect cube of 1 1 .17- 100th inches ; the sver is a perfect
cylinder — depth 4.3") inches, diameter 4.3.''> inches;
the weight of the (jarrah measure, according to the
custom-house ".count is, for coffee, from .50 to .'i.'j
lbs. ; pepper, 27 to M lbs. ; salt .')2 to 5.5 lbs. ; paddy
(nnhusked rice) 30 to 33 lbs. ; rice 42 to 4fi lbs. ;
the Candy or Bahar=500 lbs. avoirdupois, or 40 libs.
Dutch troy weight.
Kandyan Mni.iiirc of Surface. — Eight lahas = 1
coornie (10 15-lfitlis square perches), 10=1 peyla (2
square roods, 2'.)| square perches), 4 — 1 ammonam
(2 acres, 2 square roods, 37i square perches). But
although the average extent of one umni'nam is
found to be 2 acres, 2 roods, and 2 perches, the mea-
surement of laud is not calculated for the specific
area, but from the cpiantity of seed rc(piired to be
sown on it, and corisequently according to its
fertility.
Weights of ozs., lbs., &c. are used also throughout
the island, British standard. The bale of cinnamon
consists of nearly y2A lbs.
Liquid Measure. — Gallons and their multiples and
sub-multiples: 150gallon8=l lea<;uer or Irs^er,
Muneliinj System. — The circulation of late is £. s.
and d. as in Knglaiul, and accounts are becoming
more generally kept in the same. The rix dollar is
er|ual to I.<. M.; it is divided into 12 fanamg (n thick
copper coin) , and eitch fanam into 4 pice. There it «
governnient bank at Colombo; but I can obtnin no
returns of its circulation or (lejtosifs. Notes are issued
by government ; hut no unnual returns are publislu'd
of the amount, nor is there any inforiintion within
the read) of the {.'olonial Ofllee, in Downing Street,
as to the real state of the paper and metallic circula-
tion in the i-<land. It is proposed to establish a prlviitv
bank at Colombo. A savings bank is now in ope-
ration.
Mmmrea. — Dry Afeatur«,
Cul
Cut MeA^itrei
rhooniiooi. or .Sftri. Coornln. M»rc*U. Pan»h>. Animnnsiiu. I.hi.
4 =
i'.M =
4h =
W =
7(iH =
1
41 =
12 =
24 =
l'J2 =
1
2i= I
.5 = 2
40 = U)
7200 = IHOO = 376
150
8 = 1
76 = 9* = 1
The parrah measure is a perfect cube of internal
dimensions, a table of which, with its sub-divisions,
is herewith inserted : —
Internal dimev.timi.i of a Parrah and Hi miti-diri-
sidii.i. — Parrah, length, II ,57-lOOth inches ; depth,
ditto; breadth, ditto. Half parrah, length, 9 18- lOOfh
inches; depth, ditto; breadth, ditto. Quarter parrah,
length, 7 2M-I00th inches; depth, ditto; breadth,
ditto.
The seer is a perfect cylinder, of the depth and
diameter described in th(^ table underneath, in which
is also stated its sub-divisinns : —
Internal diinensiims of a Seer anil its .i'ih-iliri.sinns.
— Seer, dc|)tli, 4 3.5- 100th inches; diameter, ditto.
Half seer, depth, 3 4.5- 100th inches • diameter, ditto.
Quarter seer, depth, 2 74-IOOth inches; diameter,
ditto.
Linear or Cloth Measure,
Inches. Feet. Cubit. Yards.
12 = 1
18 = 14 = 1
36 = 3 =2 = 1
Liquid Measure.
Hnlr u>-
Ptnlt. Ouarti. Knlloiis.Usllnns.Plpc. nut'.
110 = 1
15(( ■= ..
Hair
Hsir
dr«ini. Drum.
pinu.
2 -
1
6 =
3 =-
1
12 —
6~
2 -=
24 —
12 =
4 ^
48 =
24 =-
8 _
<)6-
48 =-
18 _
I
2= 1
4 = a - 1
H — 4 = 2
lO.'ifiO = .'i2S0 = 1760 = RS() — 440 — 2211
14400 — 7200 ■= 2400 — I2U0 — 600 — IJOU
hons; Measure. — Three barley-corns make I inch;
4 inches make one band ; 12 inches make 1 foot; 3
feet make 1 yard ; 5i yards make 1 rod, |)olc, or
perch ; 4 perches make 1 chain of 100 links ; 4(i poles
or perches n:ake 1 furlong; 8 furlongs make I mile;
(JUS miles make 1 d.gr-.o
Land Measure. — Nine square feet make 1 square
yard ; 30i square yards make 1 square perch ; 40
sipiarc perches make 1 square rood ; 4 s(piare roods
make 1 acre; 040 acres make 1 square mile.
Kandyan Land Measure. — Eight lahas make I
coornie ; 10 coornies make 1 peyla; 4 peylas make 1
ammonam ; a coornie is equal to 10 1.5-lOths square
perches; a peyla is equal to 2 square roods, 21)j
square perches ; an amironam is equal to 2 acres, 2
sfpiare roods, 374 square perches.
DUiilci.
Wf»efrri I'nivH
,S<iiiili>'iii Dittii
Ku>li'lli Diliii
Ncirilii'tn Dlllii
Criiliiil Dlltii*
Tolul
DUtilcl.
Wesieiii I'rovbic
.Si'iille rii Diihi
Ka>li'iii l)ln» .
N"riliiiii Kiitn.
Ciiiual lillto .
Tdlul ..
♦ Tlif I'xlenl in acrt
jfiifral survey liu.t bfen
5
^
ctf
>>
fl.
1
per
bushel, b
1K28 9d. i
NiiQ 1* M.
^x'ii) Is. 4d.
1831-
lOd. to 1 f
Is. 9d.
3
IS.t2'
8^. to
4
Is. 9d. 3
!«:)■
M. to 35
3.1. fid. 0.
1834-
'•ill. to m
Is. 9d. 3
1835 j
r>d. to .5(
Is. 9(/. 3s
183fi|
5d. to 4d.
2s. lOd.
I
I'rire of Produce, 18.
per bushel, 6i{d. to 2,«.
^"Ifee, 7». to 22s. 6d.
mustard, 2s. to 4.«. 3d
wrn, 1,,. to 7s. ; peas.
11). m. t
3d.; tob
JCC
CEYLON.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
XIV. l«<'lMiii <irihc I'rodiir.', Stoch, Ac. of Cvyinn In INM. [B.B.I
197
DUtilcl.
Crn)ki, and Niiinher of Acrct of Liiid In racb Crup.
Wclcrii rfiivlncr
.SiiiiilK'iii DItli) .
KU'U'tii Dilio .... 3101)
Ncirilii'iri IMIIci.
Ceiiltiil Dlllit* .
1
IS
1
■
'■^i
sl
!
1
a
a
s
5
a
1
i
i
1
6"
1 H
8 •
1
■i\M7:t l.'I'iOII
1
IIIAH 1110 1
UN
I'i
DO
•i7
3.1A
•illH
.101) 7M0I3.<
,'H.'>(I77
irnuvi
5.WaHl
Mini IHHjUUi
llli
ii;i)
"»
llHi
•M>
IM-nil.li IIIO7llil'iiJ00Ut
3101)
4H0
i
Ij S
*
ii-i
m
30
lU
MM)}
liiniii 3'iiii7)
aili34i
734.W
3UI4(I
1
"
••
311/
s
1107
TM
SH9
lusai
(t-MI
IOH37U ■ii%Wi
7'i7043
4(UAH.1
IIM4dO^
IMMI
i.iori
30^ 8ie^
laoAi Hini
iiHsri
I07UIH0), 107011(14
■iMIHUM
No, of Stock.
quuiitlty and NHtiire of Pr»diice.
liutilel.
>
1
a
1 1
i
a
'a
3
i
.
a
5
t
i
^
1
v
M
a
a
1
a
a
,1
1
S07
z
•A
aB7
o
■
£
U
a.
9,
U
1131
U3UJ.I72
J
f"
Weniein Province
l38-iU.1
7001
MM 102(1
IIS071
3234H
3(W4
323
7083
1
1 'll)U3 3237078
.Sriilh-'iii onto ..
Nti
i;i.v);t3
.')H
.VI7H II3IIII7 -iMMM
7813
;i03(i
220
(»» ii2 .. 4I»'' 1 :i|l)7 70""
Ka'-li'iii OHIO ....
tl.'l
3I7;IH
nui
mill j.i.'i.mj .)i4/
. .
12
3 1.^'i 210 I' 2l'il3 2.W.;..
N^iriliiTii Ditto.. ..
10*
l.T'77(i
ll!)lll
.'l>4liUli, H2713U2I7III
..
211
IH32; 2IOiOrt2 I5ll(i 7l)liMH 44'> ."
Ciiitial Ditto ....
3.J
nil
113000
1300
1700 I3U3UIMI 17IMIUII
1300U0
3000
(100 131100 ;<iiou 13 130U liooou 2711 it'
Tiilal .. ..
amu-i
412(12
34IHU
3003148
H2 Kills
IDMIUI
12343 13U1 2431)7 IJ371 (14711 INIUU 32t)4l)3 . l2</8
1 ' ! '
* Till' extent III acrt'ii cannot in the preaent itute of the Cvntrel Province be lilled up Willi any .^ii •< of accuracy, ai no
jfiieral burvty lia.s been iimde.
Average Prices of
each Description of Produce.
i
•0
1
Fine
Grains.
si
t
Qa
Mustard.
Gram.
Maize.
a.
s
2
•
e2
per
per
per per
per
1
per per
per
bushel.
bushel.
bushel.
bushel.
bushel.
bushel. I bushel.
bushel.
per lb.
per lb.
im
9d.
is. (i(/.
.3s. 2(i.
8s. Ad.
Is.
2s. Is. 3(i.
. .
4,/.
Id.
H29
Is U.
Is.
3s. C(/.
5s.
Is.
.3jt. \s.
, ,
5^,/.
3d. to 6(/.
mi)
U. 4,1.
Is.
4,v.
6s.
is.
3». 'ML 1 Is.
is. lOd.
6<i.
\m-
\0d. to
Cnl. to
3,s. to
4v. 6(/.
9</.
Is. "Ji/. to 3./. to
Is. Cd.
1(/. to
3(i. to f)J.
\.i. Oil.
3s. 6(/.
7.V. 4i/.
to 12s.
2s. 3(/.
Is. 6</.
to 2s.
4i,i.
mi-
H(l. to
■li«/. to
.')S. ()(i. to
4(/. to
2s. to
\)d. to
'. ■ . *''
2s. 6(/. to
li(/. to
Hi/, to
\,s. <)d.
■As. Id.
12s. 4(i.
2,')S. 6./.
8s. 4r/.
44,/.
1 : .
4s. 6</.
Is, Cd.
2». l(i.
1H33'
fid. to
3id. to
fi.v. to
4,«. 2d. to
4d. to
Ad. to 7s.
Ad. 10
Is. to
Cd. to
2s. Ad. to
ds. C,d.
r,s. '2d.
22s. 6(/.
22s. Cd.
:>s. 10(/.
3s. 8(/.
4s. Ad.
3s. Ad.
3s. 4(/.
1834'
i,\d. to
Hd. to
Sir/, to
Hiid. to
4i//. to
6i}(i. to
C\d. to
r^d. to
id. to 9(/.
1 ltd. to
Is. <Jd.
3s. Cd.
lbs. 3(/.
31s. 2(/.
4s. Cd.
2s. Cd 2». Cd.
4s. 5(/.
Is yi/.
1835-
C)d. to
hd. to
6s. ;)(/. to 4s. fnl. to
Hd. to
C%d J Ad. to 7s.
2i(/.to4s.
}i/. to 3d.
Id. to «JJ.
U. 9(/.
■is. Ahd.
l.V». 3(/. , 31.V. 2(<.
4a'. 6,/.
? , , ?.
183fi.
5(/. to
Ad. to 'Js.
7s. to 4s. C(i. to
2s. to 7s.
is. 6(i to
3(i. to 7».
I«. 8(/. to
kd. to 3J.
lid. to
2s. lOd.
22s. (,d.
15s. l\d.
7s.
12*.
7§<i.
I'rire of Produce, 1H36. — Western Province: Paddy,
per bushel, 6-^i/. to 2». <iid ; tine grnlns, A^d. to 9s. ;
t'litfee, 7s. to 22s. 6//. ; pepper, 4s. C<1. to l.^s. 7i'i. ;
iiiustard, 2s. to 4s. 3i<. ; gram, Is. Cd. to 7s. ; Indian
corn, l.«. tn 7s.; peas, Is. M. to 7s. CA.; cotton, per
11). UW. to 3d. ; tobacco, A^d- to 7 id.
I
Southern Province: Paddy, per bushel, Wid. ; fine
grains, Did.; collVe, \ts.M.; pepper, 8s. 6d. ; mus-
tard, 2s. 2id. ; gram, l.v. 3id. ; Indian corn, %'id, ;
cotton, per Ih. 3//. ; tobacco, Ad.
Eastern Province : Paddy, per bushel, .")(/. to Is. Id. ;
fine grains. Ad. to Is, lid. ; codec, 12.". ; pepiier, 12s,;
. --J* •
M
: 'I
'M
.H
I
«i
-t
398
mustard, Is.; grnni, '2s. 'M. ; Indinii corn, 3i/. to Is. ;
pens, 2k. to -J.*. <«/. ; cotton, |)er II). l.^i/. to 3i/. ; to-
bacco, 1 iii. to •!(/.
Nortlu'rn I'roviiicc : Pnddy, prr hushol, l.v. 107.;
fine grniiis, l.«. 4i/. ; pepin'r, l.'.v.; grnni, \s.Hil.; In-
dinn corn, lOi/. ; (icns, 3.v ; cotton, pur II). ;^/. ; to-
bacco, .3i(i,
Ccntrnl Province: Piuldy, per l)iislu'l, \s ; tine
CEYl.ON.— STAPl.K PRODUCTS AM) PROPERTY.
Live Stock in Coylon.
grains,
(■„/.
, COllVf, IL'.V. ;
pr
i|>cr.
1.-..V.:
niiistiird, .").v.
grnin,
3,v. ;
liulhtii corn.
Us.
M. ;
pi us.
Vis. ; cotton
per 11).
■.id.
tobacco, 1./.
Years.
1S2H
IHlil)
18!0
IS.Il
IS.'JJ
1833
1S34
1H3,')
1831'.
1h37
Horses.
Horned
Cattle.
Sheep.
Gonts.
llL'7
10:.'7
1132
1 UC.
8(14
1128
881
!»8()
1114
.'■..'■)'.)'.i04
.'■).'')0333
.137203
.'•).1-'7I0
(■>02S4'J
f>7;»0!)4
.'■)'J<J142
344 1 .1
2!)7'.>7
31110
29.110
40877
40172
419.i8
41071
442(>2
4i;87-.'
3I0UI
3H0I,-,
3s:i;iri
I79f;f<
4r.7ir.
41)0.-,:!
4SM7S
■)4l>*y
Nature of Crop and Number of Acres in eacii Croj).
g
(2
(A
o
<u
c
o
c
Mustard.
c*
2
o
c
o
*^
%
O
d
1
Pasture
Total No. of
Acres in
Crop.
■0.= ?
1828
18947f.
44424
2701
10;1
4
289
13
20,1
Kilu
83248
213309
nr.HCci
1829
1C.;)3.')0
49772
32 so
9.1
3
441
133
29<')
39C.
7401
84422
311301
1119 1(1 Is
1830
19"4<.)7
122748
9202
98.1
fi
3."<<;
800
1119
9 1 C.
7914
77701
41('98.>
lS212i;-l
1831
ir.8(i49
12000S
109.12
1210
9
320
911
1040
7 (',4
10421
71^'87
3s;oi9
l(;iM;ii
1832
1 CI 238
88i:!|
12172
1349
r.
1448
913
1197
lisi
10771
111311
391829
2l3(i:iL';'
1833
2I212r,
lOL'Oii;)
I3<'il<l
3017
20
3021
.112
1232
1230
(',701
1114:10
41120('.
ir7ii;ii:
1834
2.12341 1(I'.IC>'.»8
1277')
1441
2C.
119^
8'.)<;
1134
i8ir.
28SS3
10;)0218
1 ir>2iri3
3-.'j;i:i("';
183.-)
388877 12122f.
ir,234
14 (-,7
2C.
1711
10<.)7
1412
12S9
10141
101)2879
ir,379l3
;!29ii:iiMi
183(;
4(i4,l83
1084C.0
1.1054
1307
30
8l(')
242
130.1
loir.
118S7
1070480
i(;7f.ii(i
28180S1
1837
Nature and (Quantity of i'nuhii'c Kaised.
Years.
>>
_e8
Fine
Grains.
c
a.
bushels.
bushels.
bush.
bush.
1828
(;0I2C.78
17('3I9
4(i(;9
2(»0
1829
11 ('.3991
494721
3221
192
1 830
1S31187
(•.70122
2893s
1131
1831
129!)()91
(".17710
327 1C.
2('.1><
1832
14190C,02
7(191 IC>
CI 110
113 7
1833
397(>1 10
804937
8837 s
C273
1834
.1234133
(•.(•,370.(
138800
C72C
183.1
1C.(M109
(•,81114
IC1971
821s
183C>
1C-'I3148
824 (•.3 8
1901 CI
12343
1837
•a
a
*.*
(/)
3
bush.
11
22
297
148
10C8
923
810
lOIC
13C1
E
e
bush.
1 1 09
1208
1984
.1321
1C292
2(;947
24484
24731
24197
C9
cu
bushels.
1772C
1 7020
10481C
102037
9CIOO
.34477
14900
17 ('.9 9
CI 7 1
bush.
2174
288 1
2C47
24278
3971
1 198
C47C
e
o
o
U
O
lbs.
31711
2474C
C0792
73C11
234192
I33(;i47
21c U 4
33C932
328493
20121 1 C
II III III
3t;24iiS4
1227110
13CI191
C2022:><
Produce of Ceylon. [U. T5.]
i
•
B
C
a
a
a
"C
1
d
S
c
1
i-
h. 1 i
s-5 1 e
« 1 <
Ills.
Ills.
lbs.
ll).<.
hiisli.
gn\. 1 |,mI.
IH'iH
4;mtM
4(i(i!l
:(:,ri:>
11:17111
■JIIO
17:ir.'i)(ii,-,iicj
1 KV>|I
isiimiri
:i.'>-j.5
airid
•-'■.1:11
lirj
l'JIII!0 iMiii'il)
Ih;io
:it<ii(iii(i
2H!i:iK
(iii;<iii
(il!)(ili7h
l.'.:tl
•.'l.'.ll 7:t!ii7-.'
1m:ii
HCKI'J'I
:f.>;.-.(i
7:111 1 ,■>
•j(i."i-'.-il(i
\Ui:,>
il.'.Slll I'Kidlll.'.
18:12
h:i'.>iiii
III 1 ill
•j.ij.-.iij
1 I4IMII
;M:17
i:);jJV:i.',.i(i;;(i
In:i:i
7:m»
hh:iis
i:i:i(i;.i7
:i(ijiiiHi
r>.7:i
Cmiisi 7.-,.i.i
ih:u
:i'j<lllii
l:isM(iii
•1aI> 1 1 1
.'i-j-.';:.:."
("17 ■.'(")
1 111)71; 1 :iii!i:,.'ii
ih:i.'>
:t'Jli.'.4 1
oil !),-.'.
:t:i(i!):l'.'
.'i:i(il.-.!).-.
hi is
•-'t-'i:ll:."j:i'_'|..'
lH:i(i
7l.'i:i«(i
lUOKil
:wmi):i
(i2()Ji7h
12ai:i
liiyiilJ ■j;l7(i()'J
1M37
■|l)()!-e marki'il with an .Vvicrisk air laki 11 frnin the
bXllKlUs ill [II. II. I
I'rom Taii^nlle to Cbiiaw, a distance of 131 iiiilis,
it is neatly one continued grove of eocoaiuit, liniiil-
fruit, lUid jack fruit-trees ^tbi' latter being snnni)
inierior in iin|iortance to the niitivcs as iin artnii' ni
lood ;<c. than the coto:uiut). Cotton grows witii
rlie greatest facility, wlivlher Nankin, lioialuni, cr
I5razil,the bnds -iie ripe witinn four months alUitlk'
seed is put in tlii' ground, and the inteiior, |i:ulii:ii-
huly, about Taldeina contains imiiii'iisi' sii|i|iliis "\
the gigantic cotton trees, whose silky pods w Inn lHir>t-
ing, cover the earth around with their hciintiliil i;li>>^}
(iluments, whuli our maiuilactuivrs in Mane in sin
wouhl be so glud to obtain.
Kvery village or hut has its patch of sugar eaia- iiml
tobacco, the latter in niauy parts of the isluinl lin-^ *
delicious aionia. Coll'ee grows luxuriant ly, ami iviii
without care, of an excellent (juality ; when pniiiniy
atti'iiiled to it is considered by many superior to Mn-
eha. The [)epper vhie grows nearly in a state ol wi'tl-
I
noss all over t
t'qiinlly plentiful
i.s of the (inest
iiiinpialled in an
lull lins a rich 111'
any utlur coiiiifr
li'iit iiia<ts and y
whire pincurabli
snp{.aii, iron, jaci
heaiitil'iil cabinet
icii/c Ceylon eabii
mill so justly a
LTiives of the P
Ml the iiorthwiiK
pulms ill the soiit
|ii'Hs:iiitrv in seas
In I. S3 1 It wa
oiiist between I
allies' ten million:
may he judged b
artiiles prepared
I. .imirk (till
the eocoaniit bloi
arrack, made Iron
swi'it jiijee of the i
2. ' Toil hi,' in ii
rasie, when drank li
hascaiisitl I'lriiu'iu
;i. Jiiihriif, a CO
tlavmired sugar (wf
tilling in Kiigland),
■I. I'nu-i;<ir I'cpni
also prepared from
ivipiisit I- /(((■/( ,',..v f,,i
1. ('(.//■, or rojii-:
the peculiar proper
ill .<ea-water ( hence
othiT purposes to w
ri!iii> liarimur and
n-::iii'-' ill the |ii,|i,,
li. lirushes and br
'. Malting of (.xct
'<. Uafters for hoii
!'. Oil of much val
iiiiclle." as well as hit
10. (jiitteis or wi
wliicli the hollow ste
II- Tliatehiiig for
Imiail leaf beiiij; adini
'-• .Mkahtie ashes
liy washermen.
I'l. 'I'he roots are s
aii'ca nut.
14- baskets of the
I"'- l>riims of the i
b'.. Uelieulatedelol
'"• nieteriiiiniil bi
1^. Trniishicent Ian
'!*• Tablets for writ
I'tn (alter the Konmn
-0. .\n .Koliai) lmr|
-I. Stullillg ((•,//;•!,
'""'lions, mattresses, s
'he list has been e>
It may also be me,
■^'■ililive jslamLs .send
'HI' I'oats conveying wl
""■' bee, the persons c
»i"l fed on its products
'''nlietioveriiorofCe
"""imiii of palms.
CEYLON.
nrss all over the island. Canhi nnin
ST.VPI.K PROnrCTS .\ND TROPER'n-. 399
plants arc | Tlu' Ihiiiks rinnitiiKimttn, altlionuih cnltivatrd in
uats.
1(1 1 '.I
Hlll.'>
i('.7:.f.
I'.m.'i:!
ISS7S
t/i , _;
17f'HI'.l'il
l('i<Jl(lls
IH'J.'rJiVl
I fil". •.'.)!
'2i;<(i:ij:'
I ic,7ii:iii
' ;t-j,Mt:*''C,
;i'j|jit;ii.iii
, 28180^1
111140
fi'JJ7'iMi
liiCii:.'.!"!
111' ';(.■> mill's,
Ir.mut, lilTliil-
l'iii)» si'iirctly
1 an iirlii'li'iil
I i^rows Willi
liuuilinii. "f
It lis ulU'i-tlio
lior, piUluMi-
supiilii's "I
Lvluii liiir^'-
lutiUiUlos-J
MaiK-liisUT
^i\r cant' iiiiil
[isliinil liib »
jly, iiiul I"'"
licliiniiiKily
I'lim- to M»-
Itiiti-cifwiM-
equally pliMit it'll!. Tlio iniicli sniii;lit iil'ttT aiTcniuit miiiiv tropical places, has its principal hiihitation at
isortiif (inest species, and unsurpassed, nay, even i Ceylon, winch is lapahle of yieldiiii; a siillicient snp-
iim'(|U«lled in any part of the east. The rice of ("ey- ply for every eoinitry in Knrope; the trie whence
1(111 lias a richness of flavour I have never foiinil in ! the cinnaMioii hark is derivi'd prows to the heijjht of
from l.l to L'dfeet, with an irregular and kiuittv stem,
hnmehy and liiriieoiis roots, tihroiis aud iiuiiloroiiH
anv other country. 'I'l'ak forests iilioiind and excel-
li-iit masts and yards of the hir;;est s '/.e are every-
wlure prociirahle. t'ahimaiider, ehony, satin, rose,
siip|ian, iron, jack, fte,, and every species of the most
licautifiil eahiiiet inakiiis; woods, are in rich profusion
ici''c Ceylon eahinet desks, dressini;-eases ^te., so miieh
mill so justly admired in l''.iii;liind). I'jieliantiii};
i:riivos of the Palmyra palms surround the villas^es
la till' northward of the island, and like the cocoa
inilms in the south, are of the {greatest value to the
piHsaiitrv in seasons of draiis;lit.
Ill 1831 it wo ■ ealeiiUifed that there prow along the
riiiist hetween Doiiilra Head and Palpentyn (184
miles' ten millions cocoanut tries. The value of these
inav he judged hy an eiiumeration of some of the
.arlii'lcs prepared from them.
1. .lini'-k (the spirit under this name, made from
the ciicoaiiut hlossom, is far superior to the liataviaii
airack, made from rice) which is distilled from the
sweet juice of the incised llower-stock, termed —
■>. 'Tddli/,' in itself a delicious wholesome heve-
ras;o, when drank fresh drawn helore the niornins; sun
has caused feriiuiuatioii to commence.
;i. Jiuhi'i'y, a course, stroiiu: (grained, hut peculiar
tliiVDuri'd sugar (well adapted for crystallization, or re-
lining ill Kngland), made in ahiindaiiee from toddy.
4. rinrzur eipial to any made from white wine,
also prepared from the toddy, and used in making
ivipiisiu- /<i</(.'c.s from the yoim;; shoots.
Ti. Oiir, or ropes, strong and elastic, and having
the peculiar property of henig hest preserved for use
ill sea-water (hence their adaption for mooring, anil
ntlur purposes to which they are now applied in Mau-
ritius liariiour and elsewhere, as also for r"niiiiig
riiiiiiK ill the India shipfung).
(i. Urushes aud hrooms, of various descriptions.
7. Matting of excellent (piality.
s. Hatters for houses.
[\. Oil of much value, and now used in Kngland for
cauillt's as Well as lamps.
10. (jutters or water-spouts, or conveyances, for
which the hollow stem or trunk is so well adapted.
11. Tliatehing for the peasants' cottages, the shady
broail leaf heiiig admiiahly suited for the purpose.
12. .Mkaline ashes for the hiirnt leaves, and used
hy washenucn,
i:t. The roots are sometimes masticated in place of
arera nut.
14. liaskets of the young shoots,
l.'i. Drums of tlie crust ol the trunk.
Ifi. Keliculated cloth cradles or couches for infants.
17. riie termiiiiil huds, used insti'ad of cahhage.
18. Traiislueeiit lanterns of the young leaves.
ly. Tahlets for writing upon with an iron stylus or
pin (after the liomaii manner), from the leaflets.
20. An .Kolinn harp of the stripes of the leaf.
21. Stulling {riiii-}, in place of hair, for couch
lushions, mattresses, saddles, \e.
The list has hcen extended to [19 dill'erent articles.
It may also he mentioned that the natives of the
Malilive islands send an annual emhassy to Ceylon,
the boats conveying whom are entirely prepared from
tins tree, the persons composing the emhassy, clothed
ami fed on its pnxiuets ; and the numerous presents
iiir the liovernor of Ceylon are all manufactured from
this i|iieeii of palms.
wood, f.ilfiniil hark, roii'.;h, thick, seahrous, and of
an luh colour, inner hark reddi'-li. (the voimg shoots
are often delicately speekleil with ilark green aud light
orain;i' ndours) ; hranches nmhrageous inclining
hori/ontally and downwards ; leaves ohlong and in
pairs, from six to nine inelies in length, and three
hroad, petiolated, colour dark green ; flowers clustered
on one peduncle, white, wanting calyx, smell resem-
hling a mixture of rose and lilac ; t'riiit an oval herry,
larger than a hiaek currant, receptacle thick, green
and lieNiiiigular. The roots have the piingeiit smell
of caiiiphor, ami the delicious odour of cinnanion,
yieliliiig I'aiiiphm- hy distillation, the leaves have the
puiigeut taste of cloves ; the herries, hy hoiliiig, yield
an uuetnoussuhstaiice like wax, emitting an agreeahle
odour, and lorinerly used as caiidh s tor the exclusive
use of the Caiiilian Court. Cattle of every kind
eagerly feed on the luxuriant foliage, while pigeons,
crows, and other hirds, devour the herries with avi-
dity. To the industry of man helon'.;s the hark, the
varieties of which are dependent on the nature of the
soil, on the skill in cultivating and peeling, and on the
aye and healthiness of the plant. Ahoiit 2,000 acres
of land lire laid out in regular cinnamon plantations
in Ceylon, aud ahoiit HO, 000 persons employed there-
on. 'I'he /)('e//»i;' of the hark hegins with May and
and ends with Octoher : the peelers (ehalias a distinct
caste in Ceylon) commence the iirocess hy striking a
sharp hill-hook into a shoot which seems tit for peel-
ii'g; if on opening the gash the hark se|)arates gently,
it is tit for decortication ; if otherwise, the shoot is
unhealthy, the gash is carefully I'losed, and the sucker
left for future exauiinition ; shoots thus found tit
(generally from three to live feet loinr, and tliree-
ipiarters of an inch in diameter) are then cut down,
conveyed to sheiis, and there cleared of leaves and
twin's; hy means of two lomiitiidinal slits the hark
peels off in two semi-circular slips; when a siillieient
nuuiher are collected, the sections are placed in close
contact las two ipiill halves would he laid one within
the other) and the whole huiidle is hriiily pressed and
hound up together for J I hours, until a degree offer-
mentation is produced, which hicilitates the removal
of the cuticle ; suhseijiiently the interior side of I'aeli
section of hark is placeil upon a convex piece of wood
lifted to its si/e, aud the epidermis, together with the
green siicciileiit matter caret'iilly scraped olf (ii any of
the outer pulpy suhstance he allowed to remain, the
cinnamon has an unpleasant hitterness) ; a few hours
after the removal of the cuticle, the pieces are again
placed in each other, and the hark in drying gradu •
ally contracts and rolls itself into a ipiili-like lorm.
During the first day it is placed under shelter o:i
open platforms, siibseipiently it is liiially dried in the
sun, and made up into hundles ahout 30 pounds
weight. A plantation reijuires seven or eight years'
growth hehire yielding produce, the tree is least ad-
vantacrously propagated hy seeds, — layers and shoots,
Ol transplanted stumps, are tlie best means of extend-
ing the growth.
^'/ li
... "
'>'
I-
400
CEYLON.— STAPI.R PRODUCTS AND l>ROPF,RTY.
Qunntitirs of rimmiiKm recpntly Impoitrd,
F.xiuiitcil, and tnkcii out for coiisuiiiptioii
in I'.iiglnnd.
c
s
Imported.*
>"
lbs.
1 IV21
2f.74J4
\H-2H
337l><3
18:.'9
.')442l'".
i«;<o
4f.4 1 ir,
i8;n
22r,HC,'J
1832
■M',-!r,2 i
I8:i3
102402
1834
221222 '
Exported. Consumed.
lbs.
lbs.
3. -.3 CO 2
MLOl
3:>4.''i3r,
1 r,r,>.H)
3^0108
29720
.'■)3.')223
Nil.
.')04r.43
23172
.^.21277
l.''>271
4478.').')
11073
2224U3
1 1 r,fn;
• The duty on Importation is M. per lb.
The pearl banks, acrording to Dr. Rusrhenbcrger,
are formed by coral ridsirs from six to ten miles off
shore : their general depth is from five to seven
fathoms, but it is on tlie lianks of Arippo, where the
coral risinp nearly to the surface of the water forms a
shelter ap-ainst the violence of the monsoons and
currents, that the pearl oyster chiefly arrives at per-
fection. The yountc oysters, when they first escape
from the egp, are seen floating about the sea in im-
mense clusters ; a little increase in size and solidity
makes them sink to the bottom where they immedi
ately attach themselves to the rocks by means of a
beard and a glutinous matter secreted from it. There
they remain in security until age has enfeebled the
fibres of their beard, or de|)rived them of their ad-
hesiveness, and then they drop from their coral
supports and lie in heaps on the sandy bank beneath.
The pearl-divers say that the oyster is aliout six years
and a half old when it drops from the rock ; it is
supposed to arrive at perfection in seven years, and to
die soon after. During their clinging period they
accumulate on the rorks in heaps, sometimes 18
inches or two feet deep. The best jiearls are gene-
rally found in the most fleshy part of the oyster, near
five divers are constantly at work during the hours of
fishing. The weight of the diving stone varies from
15 to 2'> 11)., according to the size of the diver; some
stout men find it nececsary to have from 4 to h Ih. nf
stime in a waist-belt, to enable them to keep at the
hottoin of the sea, to fill their net with oysters. 'Iho
form of a diving stone resembles the cone of a piiie-
it is suspended by a double cord.
"The net is of coir-rope yarns, \h inches dcci),
fastened to a hoop 18 inches wide, fairly shni': tu a
single cord. On preparing to commence tishini:, th ■
diver divests himself of all his clothes, except a >mai|
piece of cloth; after offering up his devotions, he
plunges into the sea and swims to bis (llviiii; st<Mic
which his attendants have slung over the siile of tho
boat ; he places his right font or toes betwi'eii t|.,.
double cord on the diving stone — the binht of the
cord being imssed over a stick projecting from the side
of the boat; by graspim; all parts of the rope he i.s
enabled to support himself and the stone, an! riiisc
or lower the latter for his own convenience while he
remains at the surface ; be then puts lii^ left foot on
the hoop of the net and presses it aiiainst the divin;'
stone, retaining the cord in his hand. The attendants
take care that the cord.s are clear for running out of
the boat.
" The diver being thus jirepared, he raises his body
as mu(;h as he is able ; drawing a full brentli, he
presses his nostrils between his thumb and lin;;er,
slips his hold of the bight of the diving stone, and
descends as rapidly as the stone will sink him. On
reaching the bottot. he abandons the stone, which Is
hauled up by the attendants ready to take him down
again, clin;;s to the ground, and commences lilijn<;
his net. To accomplish this he will sonieiinus crii'|)
{>ver a space of eight or ten fathop.:s, and nnialn
(mder water a minute; when lie wishes to ascend ho
cheeks the cord of the net, which is instantly felt by
the attendants, who commence pulling up as fast as
they are able. The diver remains with the net until
it is so far clear of the bottom as to be in no danu'cr
of upsetting, and then begins to haul himself up hy
the cord hand over hand, which the attendants are
ikewise pulling. When by these means his body
the hinge of the shell, but they are not confined to has aetjuired an impetus upwards he lor.sakes the
any part of the fish. Instances have occurred of a
single oyster containing above Co pearls; yet the
rarity of these treasures is manifest from the fact that
oysters cost less at Arippo during the fishery than at
Faversham or Colchester.
During the calms of November the banks are exa-
mined by ex|)erieneed nftieers, nnd samples of the
oysters are forwarded to the seat of government. If
the result of the examination prove favourable, then
the fishery is announced by an advertisement, stating
when and on what bank it is to take place, bow Ion:;
it is to continue, and how many boats will be alKiwed
to engage in it. These boats are of very rude con-
struction, generally from eiglit to fifteen tons burden,
and without decks. 'I'hcy leave the si re at mid-
night, favoured hy the land winds, and anchor near
the governmerit guard-vessel aiul the fishing bank.
A little after dawn in the morning a signal is given
for the diving to begin, and a gun is fire<l at noon, on
which it ceases. The following description of the
mode of proceeding was |)rocured by Dr. Ruschen-
berger, on the spot.
" The crew of a boat consists of a Tindal or master,
ten divers, and 13 other men who leannge the boat
and attend flu- divers when fishing. Kaeh boat has
five divin-r stones itbe ten divers relieving each other);
cord, places his hands to his thighs, rapidly ascends
to the surface, swims to his diving stone, and by tlie
time the contents of his net have been emptied into
the boat he is ready to go down again. One diver
wdl take up in a day from 1,000 to 4,00(1 oystfis.
They seldom exceed a minute under water; the more
common tiire is from .')3 to .'i? seconds, hut whia
retpiested to remain as long as possible, they can
prolotig tneir stay to something more than mo seconds.
They are warned to ascend l)y a singing noise in the
ears, and finally by a sensation similar to hiccup."
The divers have much faith in the powers of the
shark charmer, and many of them will not descend
unless he be present : he is therefore paid hy govern-
ment. One-fourth of the oysters taken up belong to
the divers, the remainder are dispo.sed of by public
sale. The annual nett revenie derived from the
pearl fishery is estimated at 14,000/. ; but in IM.S,
when no less than 1,2.')0 divers were employed, it
amounted to more than 25,000/.
Manuractiu
Nnnibcr, name, siti
description of mar
Western Provl
3.lii looms. Tho (Ie8(
cloth Mianufaeture
kerchiefs, table cl
kins, towels, sail cl
coarse cloths, iitid <
for dress by the riu
134 oil mills. The di
of oil expressed a
Nat, Gingcley, anc
•2 steam euginus. c
oil.
.Southern Provii
544 looms. Handkcrc
blc cloths, towels, si
chiths used for drt
Datives.
1 1 oil mills. Cocoa N
Eastern Provine
626 weavers looms.
II oil mills. Cocoa
Giiigcley oils.
Northern Pro vim
9r6 weavers looms.
3 nil mills. Cocoa Vul
ley, Illepe and Marp
There are no regu
Ceylon, those entered
exception of the two
cantile house at Cob
tion. There is al.so n,
in the island, small sh
wcasioimlly built. T
tity of each are not sti
native names.
Militiin/ Ih'fnucs t
tress of Colomiio, .siti
island, is an irrugula
l^stions; the lines ot
iiisigniticant ravelins.
rounded hy the sea, tiiii
extensive inuiidation, I
»«.vs of approach. 'I'h
fronts; the glacis, how
revetments are of masr
wook and lime mortar
tions) in t(deral)lc rejmi
wet ditch in fnuit, is
woad, well suppliaj wii
wd when cleaned wool
jre neither casemated b
houses within the fortrt
"rackish water, hut the
<" dry weather. '|'l„.,i' ,
"/""in the fort, the whol
"ate. The fortress com 1
>i»">;butve.s.selsofsmal
""tlJesaid to eonwuam
"Is may anchor with .sii
;om the shore; it end,
"» residence of the gov
.1 1
at
CEYLON.— PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
Manufactures, Mines, and Fisheries of Ceylon In iH.'iB. [H. n.]
401
Manufactures.
Mines, dec.
Kishcries.
Nnmbcr, name, situation, and
description of manufactories,
Mines
and
quarries
Names of Mine,
ral Substances.
Quantity
produced and
value.
\nmhorof
boats
employed.
nescrlptlnn of
tish and<|uantit>
of eacli.
Value.
Western Province :
3.lli looms. Tlie descriptions of
cliitli manufactured arc liand-
kcrcliicfs, table dotlis, nap-
lilns, towels, sail cliitlis, white
coarse cloths, and cloths used
for dress by the natives.
134 oil mills. The descriptions
of oil expressed are. Cocoa
Nut, Gingeley, and Mee.
•i steam engines. Cocoa Nut
oil.
2i
quarries
Ruby, cateye,
topaz, blue sap-
phire, crystals,
black stone, and
plumbago.
U902 lbs.
2121
71 different de-
scriptions of
fistiof theprin.
cipal kinds, tlie
aggregBte
quantity being
inNo. 44M01O.
2'201li/. ig«. Hit,
Southern Province :
J4I liioms. Handkerchiefs, ta-
ble cloths, towels, sheets, and
cloths used for dress by the
Datives.
II oil mills. Cocoa Nut oil.
198 gem
quarries
Ruby, cateye,
topaz, tornialin,
blue and white
sapphire, and
cinnamon stone.
Iron
(itns.:tcwt. I4lb.
r<7l. 7». 24rf.
2064
Descriptions 101.
Uiiantity, No.
4l4y6:i ; bas-
kets, Ig2435 i
bags, l.'iooo.
tiOflO/. \:.M. \il.
Ea-tern Province i
62fi weavers looms.
11 nil mills. Cocoa Nut and
Gingeley oils.
Northern Province :
351
Descriptions tiH.
Quantity, No.
1005041 ; lbs.
324131.
1320/. U>s. Id.
9;6 weavers loonis.
3 nil mills. Cocoa Nut, (Jinnc.
ley, lllepe aud Margosa oils
(ifi2 boats
atin rafts
Descriptions 11 1.
Uuniitity, No.
.^>iiO:i(iti(m, in-
clinlt'. lOi'.ISKHO
Pearl oysters.
:i4:i7C(. 4.1. did.
including the
value of the
pearl oysters,
2 hi;.';/, li.s. :ljrf.
There are no re<;iiliir manufactories, mills, &c., in
Ceylon, tho.se entered in tliis retm-ii l)i ms, with the
exception of the two steam engines (set n|i liy u nier-
caiitilo house ut Colombo) of a very inferior deseiip-
tion. Tliere is also no regular yard for ship l)iiililin>;
in the island, small sloops and schooners are however
iK'caslonally built. Tlie description ot fish and tpian-
tity of each are not stated, mostly all of them bearing;
native iianics.
Militiin/ Dffciurs uf Ceijlon in 1K3<>. — The for-
tress uf Colomiio, situate on the west side of the
island, is an irref^ular octagon, defended by eight
bastions; tlie lines of defence flchante, with three
insignilicant ravelins. One half of the fortress is sur-
rounded by till' sea, the other half or land side, by an
extensive iiiuiulation, leaving only two narrow cause-
ways of approach. There is a covert way to the land
fronts; the glacis, however, was never finished. The
revetments are of masonry generally composed of ca-
Wook and lime mortar, and are (with some exce])-
tions) in tolerable rejjair. The profile, from having a
wet ditch in front, is respectable, the ditclies are
broad, well supplieil with water from the inundation,
•nil when cleaned would be sutlieiently deep. There
arc neither casemated barracks, nor caseniated store-
houses within the fortress. The wells atl'ord slightly
brackish water, but the water fails on a continuance
of dry weather. There are several powder ina;;a/,ines
within the fort, the whole of which are in a serviceable
state. Tlie fortress commands the harbour, into which
noiio but vessels of small burthen can enter ; it can-
not he said to command the roadstead, because ves-
sels may anchor with safety from one to fifteen miles
from the shore ; it encloses within its lines of defence
tlie residence of the governor, the head quarters of
the army, and the public oHices, containing thcodicial
records of the island; it forms a strong bold in the
island, and is most conveniently situated for trade.
AlthouL'h the trace of the body of the place does
not cunl'orm to the science of more nmdern war,
being of the days of l.ouis XIII., and according to the
system of the Chevalier de Ville; still, if good out-
works were added, and casemated cover for troop's
stores constructed in the body of the |)lace, and the
ramparts &c. placed in an efficient state of repair,
Colombo, from its situation, and the great dillieulty
of approaching it by land, ought, under an intelligent
and intrepid governor, to make a protracted defence ;
with a naval sujieriority, the fortress could, under
any land attack, reci'ive succour from the sea. Trin-
eom».le, the principal liritish naval depot in the Indian
seas : — I'ort Erederick, Triiieomale, is situated on
the east side of the island, and on a peninsula, project-
ing into the Indian ocean- The works of defence con-
sist of three irregular fronts, with the lines of defence
fichante, a cavalier and a citadel, without either ease-
mated barracks, or casemated store-houses ; one front
with an unfinished ravelin, occupies the narrow isth-
mus, the ditches of this front are dry, and have never
luen finislied; the two other fronts follow the direc-
tion of the ground. The cavalier stands on elevated
ground, in rear of one of the bastions of the land
front, and is connected with the bastion by a curtain.
The citadel is in riar of the cavalier, and on still more
elevated ground. The profile has 20 feet of escarp,
but the revetments ar<' of good masonry. The fort
is well supplied with water. There are also several
powder magazines within, which arc in a serviceable
state.
Fort Osnaburg, Trincomale, situated ut the mouth
^■'U.
4<v.f
PKNANG.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION.
ol" the inner harbour, is a smnll irrcgulnr work,
and dot's not. sutlicicntly protect the entrance; its
profile is Insignificant without caseinntcd harracivs or
store-houses. The fort is supplied with rain water,
collected in a tank, and has two powder magazines
within it. The works of defence now in existence at
Trinconiale, are far from adequate to the secure hold-
ing of a port of such great importance.
Oalle. — The fortress of Galle situated on the south
side of the island, and on a peninsula projecting into
the sea, commands the only harbour on that side
of the island, into which large shijjs can enter, hut it
is commaiidcd by a range of hills about 700 yards
distant. The lines of defence on the land side, or across
the isthmus consist of one bastion with a cavalier,
two half bastions with fnusse brays, and two curtains
ci'iitaining each half bastion with 1 be whole bastion,
with a half finished ditcMi in front of the whole, but
without cascmated barracks or store-bouses. The
salient angles of the half bastions arc iippnyeil to llie
harbour and sea. The construction of this fort does
not follow any regular system. The remaining de-
fences consist of substantial lines built on the edge
of the outhne of the peninsula, the base of which is
constantly washed by a heavy surf. The profile is
irregular, in some i)arts hold, but from the sn\all
lieight of the faussebraye, retpurcs a wet ditcii in
order to guard against escalade. The revetments
are composed of rubble stone and coral laid in lime
mortar, and are in tolerable repair. The fort Is nh,,
toleral)ly well supplied with water, and there are foui
powder mag.i/iincs within it.
J'iffna. — The fort of Jatfna is situated on the \. \V
side of the island, and on an inlet of the Gidf oi
Manar. The work is an irregidar penta,'on, with five
bastions connected by curtains, the lines of (ht'ciuv.
fichantc, and the flanks per|)endicular to the curtains,
it has four laud and one sea fnmt. The former linvo
ravelins, a covertway throughout. With the
e\('i'|i.
tion of the ravelins, to which there is none, the coin-
munication passing by gallery under the Hanks (jf tin-
ravelins, also a glacis. The body of the place has a
wet ditch, but the ravelins a dry one. The prolilr
has 22 feet of escarp, above the levi.'l of the wet
ditch the revetments are of masonry, and In a ;,'ood
state of repair. The fort contains lT) wells, tun ui
which give good, and the remainder brackish wiitir.
This fort atlbrds security to a small garrison, stationcil
in a remote part of the island, and surrounded liya
dense native population. iiide)iendant of the a'lovc
four principal posts, tliere are detached ones on tin
coast, generally with small garrisons, and a field \v(jik
far their protection In the Interior of the island,
the principal post is Kandy, an open town situa'etl in
a valley, with lour unfinished redoubts on the sur-
rounding heights. The military works are eontronloil
by the colonial government, and scarcely any e.\|irnsc
has been Incurred by the colony during the year H.ld
CHAPTER III.— PENANG, OR PRINCE OF WALES'S ISLAND.
the year, and thi
little felt, the win
of land and sea bi
11. When first
penred (piite tint
considered as a pa
Qiiodah on the
l.i'jlit, the comma
having married t
et'ived a gift of
Cnpt. Light transf
having entered Int
(which was to last
light !) agreed to
to the King, whicl
sand, in considerat
Wellusley province
a territory extcndli
Ibnr miles inland
Mndda to the N.
■JO' .N.
III. The mount
■.Ti-y granite, and
nmterial, excepting
of liittritr as is also
of I'enang. A tin
In the hills, and c
exist in the mounta
ijuality to those of t
The soil is gene
with gravel and clay
\egotable ground foi
forests with which
vered, the coast soil
IV. January and
The possessions now about to be described, though
small in comparison with those delineated in the
preceding pages, are of coi>''derable importance, whe-
ther viewed in connection with the Anglo-eastern
empire, or separately as commercial stations or poli-
tical maritime positions. Heing under one govern-
ment, their history is given in one chapter, but their
(I'.cinct t'entures, geographically and nurcantllely, dc-
.iinnd a .se|iaratc consideration for each : to l)egin
with the seat of governiu'^nt.
Shction I. This picturesipie island (so well adapted
for a commercial entrepAt', is situate on the west
coast of the Mai y.ui peninsula, in latitude from
.'■>. I,'), to -). 2'J N. anil lou<;itude lUO. K. ; its
greatest length is \C, ?tati;lj miles from N to S., and
its greatest breadth li' miles at the north, and de-
creasing to eight miles at thi' south, thus forming
an irregular four sided shape, with a range of lofty
I'.ills in the centre", the wlnde computed to contain
iro s(piare miles. I'en.mg is so called I'rom the
Malay term for the .\reca or b(^'el nut, wliieli the
Malays think the isle bears some reseml)lani,e to in
shape.
The valley of I'enang, about three miles in breadth,
is the level jiart of the island on its eastern side, ex-
tending from the bills to the sea. of a triangular
shape, the ranges of mountains forming the base, and
the &\w\, called TiiiijiiV's, juf^ing into the harboin',
and having Georgetown (the c.ipital; and the Fort of
I'enang built on it, oti which, for three miles in every
direction from the point, private houses extend.
Almost the wlude of the north of the islanil is moun-
taino.is, and through the centre of the i'-land runs a
range of hills, decreasing in lu'ight and niai,nitude us
they reach towards the south. On the west and
south of the mountains there is a conslderahle (|ian-
tlty of level ground of good ipjality for every spfcii's
of cultivation as is now demonstrated by the genrral
culture thereof. Indeed six-thirds of I'l'iiang is of
level or gentle inclination. The cast, owing to its
I moistness, is covered with rice fields. The simtli and
I west vallles, though partly cultivated for the sa!i;e
; jmrpose, are chiclly laid out in pepjier gardens and
! spice plantations. Kvcrywhtie close to the coast, i.'
in Ceylon, runs an extensive belt of cocoa mit trees,
I and scattered over the Island In various groups, apptar
groves of the graceful areca palm (or I'en.iiigj from
which the Isle takes its Malay name. The liilN and
low grounds, where not cultivated, are thickly co\iriil
with wood. A'egetation is splendidly luxniiunt and
I for miles and miles the eye rests on one dense muss
I of moinitain forest, besides (leorgetown itlucapital:
above alluded to, there is only one large collection of
' liousis entitled Jiinu'slmrii, situated on the sea shore,
four miles to the south of the capital, amidst a gro\c
of the lovely palm tribe. The hill crtilid the " //u'l-
' l"niii I,/ Sciilliniil" is l,lL'H feet above the sea land
i like the other statums), the situation and elniiate of
j which are delightful. Numerous small villages and
] Malay topes are scattered over the island (especially
on the south side), often beautifidly and romantically
situate on the coast, or amidst spice groves in the
vales.
The harbour of George Town, the capital, is capa-
' clous with good anchorage and well defended ; it is
I formed by a strait about two miles wide, that sepa-
I rate.i I'enang from tlu' opposite (^lU'd.ili coast on the
1 Malayan peninsula. The sea is placid thruii^'lumt
Census of the Pop|
District
' George Town
Teluk Ayer Hi
Jelutatig
Cilugore
Sungei Kluauf
Western DIstr
I'ulo Jcraja "1
I'ulo Reman f
To
>..^ fQuallaMuda
i b I Teluk Aver Ta'
^■f\ Qnllal'rye
Juru
Battu Kawan
Tot
Kuropean (10)
Kuropcans, and
Itinerants of va
PiiNANG.— GEOLOGY, CLIMATK, POPl'LATION'.
the year, and the pcriodicnl eflfccts of the monsoons months, nnd Novpmhcr and DccimhiT th(
4U3
httle felt, the winds partaliing more of the character
of land and sea breezes. i
n. When first known to Europeans the island ap-
licared (piitc untenanted, covered witii forests and
considered as a part of tlic possessions of the kim; of
Qiicdah on the contiguous coast. In l/H") C'apt.
ramy
ones; but exceptiu'j; the two former the island is
seldom a week withriit refrishins showers. The
thermometer on Fliv^-stiitf hill (two thousand two
hundred and forty-dfjht feet high' never rises beyond
IH" V. (seldom to 71") and falls to ('.(;"; on the |)lain
it ranges from 7<i" to ".)()". The island is considered
l.i'^ht, the commander of a 'country ship' in India, renmrkahly healthy. The diinntc of the high land
having married the King of (iuedah's daughter, re-
ceived a gift of the ishiiid as a marriage portion;
Capt. Light transferred it to the K. I. Company, who
having entered into a treaty with MisQuedah ^lajesty
(which was to last as long as the sun and indim gave
light!) agreed to pay six tii msand dollars annually
to the King, which in 1800 was raised to ten thou-
sand, in consideration of the Comi)any receiving the
Wcllesley province on the main land opposite I'enaiig,
a territory extending thirty-tivc miles along the coast,
t'onr miles inland from the S, bank of the Qualla
Mmlila to the N. bank of the Krian river, I.at "i"
■>t)' N.
III. The mountains arc entirely composed of fine
urt'V granite, and the smaller hills are ot the same
material, cxcejiting some hills near the coast formed
of I'lti'i'itr as is also Saddle Island on the S. W. angle
of I'enang. A tin mine was worked some years ago
In the hills, and doubtless many valuable minerals
exist in the moinitains, which are probably ecjual in
Umlity to those of the contiguous Malayan Peninsula.
The soil is generally a light black n\ould mixed
with gravel and clay, and in some parts there is a rich
\egctablc ground formed by the decayed leaves of the
forests with which the island had for ages been co-
vm'il, the coast soil is sandy but fertile.
IV. January and February are the dry and hot
of Penang resembles that of Funchnl at .Madeira, pos-
sessing the advantage of a very limited range of tlier-
monu'ter, the greatest range in the twenty-four hours
being 1 1", nnd generally only three or four. The
lightness and purity of the atmosphere elevate the
spirits and render the stop free and buoyant, while
the s|)len(!id and varied scenery, the island itself with
its hills and dales, the calm ocean around studded
with verdant isles, and the opposite coast of (iucdah
with chains of mountiiins towering chain over chain,
combined with the health inspiring breezes, retuler a
residence among the gnrdens of I'eiuuig of much
valui' to the invalid.
V. When the (.'ompany's Establishiuent was ibrmed
at I'enang in l/X'i, the oidy inhabitants were a few
miserable tishermeii on the sea coast. In cohsef|uence
of the disturbances in the Malayan principalities, and
the encouragement given to settlers by the !•;. l. Com-
pany, a native popidation of various descriptions
arose. The populntion of the Settlemeiil according
to all the returns before me has been as follows dm'ing
the years
IHJI number .■i.'^,or.7. 1820 number .').■>, 1 l(j.
lf<J2 - .")1,207. 1827 - r>7,'.»8(;.
1824 - .'■)3,C.('y. 1828 - (;o,l.')3.
The following Ollicial lleturn from the F. India
Hou.^e, .hews the nu>lley population of Penang: —
Census of the Population of Penang, or I'rince id' Wales's I.-laiid, Province Wellcsley, and adjacent Isles,
up to the 31st Deceniber, 1828.
Districts.
George Town .
Teluk Ayer Raja
Jelutang
Glugore
Sungei Klunng
Western District
I'ulo Jeraja 1 j^,^,^
Pulo Reman j
Total
■^^ fQufdla Muda
- J I Teluk ;\ver Tawar
^■= -j QuIlaPrye
Jinu
^'-' Battu Kawan
Malays and
Bugis.
Achinese.
Battas.
Chinese.
.S
o
3 7." 2
.
"a
til
c
a
295
Burmese and
Siamese.
Z 1 Arabs.
1
C
<
17
Parsees.
Native
Christians.
Catfrees.
Total.
3374
2f.
390 3987
52
I3i 656
7! 12682
3525
ir.i; 173 1410
13r,8
843; 665
7
2 —1 645
39! 8841
2496
24l 158 l,",(i
727
210
72
29
— — 23
18 .5313
935
61 96 473
161
1
13
,5
— — : 9
35 1734
2078
103| 126
733
53
4
7
—
' __^
15^ 3119
f.77
24l 180
830
11
—
—
—
—
1722
112
- 1 7
3
—
—
—
— — —
—
122
27
347ill30
—
—
1353
—
1.54
—
1
27
13224
sy89 6075
809
19
13|1333
114
33560
firo5
,.
.^^
l.")5i 55
1.54
256
__
„,
.^
7225
7 (".83
4
16
i(;4; 76
3C.S
42
4
—
1
8357
3081
_^
10
232 43
16
6
—
—
—
3396
l.''.48
—
17
82; —
6
4
—
—
1
j
—
1657
1348
—
28
520
27
6276
9
—
158
19
—
1958
33492
35l|l201
10148
1906
""
13 1333
114
22.59a
Total
I'.nropean (40) and Native Military and Followers (1100), and convicts (1300) about
Europeans, and their desetndnnts, about ......
Ilinerarits of various classification . ......
GfMcial Total
2500
500
1000
6ol.^3
:'4v^
k
:M
404
Between October, 1H2H, and December IH29, the
population had increased three thoisar,). The
number of nioutlis may now be caiciilat 'cl a. upwards
of sixty thousiind.
VI. 'I'hu appendix to the select report of the House
of Lords, gives the following table of revenue and ex-
PKNANG.—FINANCES, COMMKRCE.
penditure (exclusive of commercial charges) for nine-
teen years ; it will be obsci-ved that Singapore hiuI
Malacca are included in the two last years ; the n-
ductlons ordered in the Court of Directors' Dispntcli,
7th April, IH2'.>, will ere long enable IVnang to meet
its expenditure with its own revenues.
CHAUGRS.
Expense of
Revenues
and
Net
Charge.
Mditnry not
Years.
incluik'd in the
Civil.
Military.
Buildin'^s
and
Total
Charges.
Customs.
Charges but
in the Bengal
Fortiticatioi s.
Accounts.
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
1809-10
99494
l.'iH9.'i
10428
131817
70372
01445
44509
1810-11
88299
10274
18447
123020
80440
42580
32822
1811-12
7f.974
13328
1081.5
101117
08557
32500
31212
1812-i:i
83(;:»0
109 ir>
12740
113315
48891
C4424
32114
181.V14
91091
10190
8478
115759
57075
58084
30004
1814-1.')
94. -.03
lOsCI
0347
117711
54310
03395
373H5
i8i,')-i(;
91399
19028
9257
119084*
53808
00000
33003
i8ir.-i7
86819
134.51
9292
109502
54801
.54701
28974
1817-18
72.')82
120:)9
1,5030
100277
50585
43092
345H2
lMlH-1!)
(•.6223
11073
411G
81412
57027
24385
27201
1819-20
Cr)(;32
7728
2141
70501
49938
20503
33819
1820-21
716r.7
823.'i
1510
81412
52022
29390
25094
1821-22
fi8934
127.54
4251
85939
41000
44279
23237
1822-23
723C0
13389
3208
88957
44070
44881
24035
1823-24
817f.l
14478
2003
98302
35950
02340
24104
1824-2.';
98287
11835
3209
1 13331
3H220
75 1 1 1
2179H
I82.''.-2r,
113C82
14.543
7009
135294t
31422
101125
3s;i75
182C)-27
121108
230.58
4991
§149217:
§55744
94745
37230
* Interest on debts, £844. t Ditto £253. J Ditto L1J72. § The accounts of Sincapore anil
Malacca are included in these years; but for nine months on!y in the year 1820-27, and for the whole year
in 1H27-28,
The sale of opium is a monopoly in the hands of
povernnient, who derive a revenue from it of about
40,000 Spanish dollars a year ; land, licenses, and
customs, are the remaining chief sources of revenue.
— The government of Penang, Malacca, and Singa-
pore, is subordinate to the presidency of Bengal, and
the civil establishment recently fixed as follows : —
Chief resident at Singapore, rupees 30,000; first as-
sistant, 24,000 ; second ditto, 7,200 ; deputy resident
at Malacca, 21,000; assistant, 7,200; deputy resi-
dent. Prince of Wales's Island, 30,000 ; assistant,
7,200 ; assistant. Province Wellesley (exclusively of
military pay), 3,000; one surgeon, 9,000, and three
assistant surgeons at 4,800, 14,400, 24,000; two
chaplains at 8,500 each, and one missionary 2,500,
20,000; office establishment, 12,000. Total sicca
rupees 1,95,200.
VII. The trade of Penang is carried on with Cal-
cutta, Madras, Bombay, England, China, Java, Ceylon,
Siam, Tcnasserim coast, Acheen, Delhi, (juedah, and
a few petty native ports. In Mr. Fullarton's elaborate
paper on the trade of our eastern islands, printed in
the East India papers in 1833 (11. Trade, part 2,
Commercial, page 878,) it appears that the total value
of imports into Penang were —
In 1828-9
Exports from ditto
S. rupees 52,23,872
. 30,00,900
Excess
10,22,972
The imports and exports of specie for the same
jl'ar were —
Imports . . . S. rupees 8,32,232
Exports 7,19,870
Excess . . I,12,35r.
The value of imports in sicca rupees from Calcutta
was 10,94,980; from Madras, 10,95,850; liiiiiihny,
2,05,290; England, 1,07,070; China, 2,1M,110;
Siam, 1,77,010; Tcnasserim, 1,77,010; AclietMi,
8,08,513 ; Delhi (a petty state on the Siunatra shore),
2,04,905; and Quedah, 2,21,200 ; the exports value
to the same places in succession were 3,57, 1 Jfi;
2,3K,705 ; 2,30,140; 50,008; 9,05,834; 9fi,(ID3 ;
1,55,152; 10,75,842; 1,58,930; and to Quedah,
1,35,930.
Of the imports, opium alone consists of u|)W!ir(lsof
seven lac of rupees ; the other items are comiiriscd
of the various produce of the Straits, or of India and
British goods, the trade being one of transit. Birds'
nests for Chinese soups is one of the most important
articles.
From official statements of the Penang trade for
the years 1834-35 and 1835-30, it appears that
the value of the Imports for 1834-35, was Sa. Rs,
41,12,791; and that for 1835-30, Sa. Us. 41,1 7,fi'J4,
exhibiting an excess in favour of the latter year of
Sa. Rs. 4,903 ; that the exports for 1834-35 were Sa.
Rs. 4 1 ,0 1 ,404, and those of 1 H35-30 Sa. Rs. 42,(iO,75h;
an excess in favour of the latter year of Sa. Us.
45,294. The imports under foreign Hags lor the
iillicial years 1835-
the Portuguese flag
■Jl,(H'i2 ; American
7,r..'>H ; nuiking a ti
|ii)its (luring the s;
ll;i;,' were Sa. Ks
rmicli, Sa. Rs. 0,(
ui' Sii. Rs. 3,H9,9
,iiirtiil between t
:iiitli April 1S30, i-
ihu (niaiitify expor
s,'J'i,2!i5.
Mil. The botan
III) the nioinitiiins
ird jioon, (huMuierl
siiine superb sjicc
caiuitchouc or elast
III .1 s|iiial form.
I'XCTptioii of the ilii
sugar cane and pep
(the i|iiiuitity of pi
His. 2,025,000 avoir
wi'll (the former t(
iiiits, the latter an
line plantation alon
si|uare miles) coUVc i
III' pine apples of de
Skition 1. — .War
liiiic; Malayan peninsi
■,vitli nil average brer
two degrees 14 minut
IL' minutes east, is si
Malaera, extending al
inland, and containin
iHinided on the north
nil the south Jehore,
liy the Rumbo conn
straits of Malacca.
II. The sea coast is
islets of cavernous ro
places of sepulture.
being a continuatio
runs from the Brahr
extremity of the jieniri
vallles, the highest im
l.caldang, by the Poi
elevation of 4,000 fee
(|uhar was nearly six
part of Mount Ophir,
which docs not excee
mountain appears to t
and there thinly cover
Stunted firs are foiii
vegetation of the inou
that met with on the
pal rivers are the Mua
streams and rivulets
numerous. The extre
cluster of small islands
snuth-west monsoon v
Hi feet of water arc sc
"I the fort. Colonel I
Iwca his study) u'-crv
MALACCA.— LOCALITY, HIS
odicial ycnrs IS^S-Sfi niv thus piirticulnrizcd. Undrr
the r(irtuj!iu'si' tl»<i;, Sa. Ks. :;,()(), i;i:< ; KriMicli, Su. Rs.
■jl.OCi'.' ; Anu-iiciiii, Sii. Us. :t,',li.'() ; Diuiisli, Sa. Rs.
7^t;.'iH; niakiii;; a total of . ... Rs. J,H2,77I<. 'I'lie rx •
iioits during the same pciuHl iimliT the Fortu^iu'sc
lias; wfri^ ^i- ^^'^- 3,H:t,'.);)l ; uiu! uiulir that of \hv
Frmch, Sa. Rs. Ci, ()()() ; inakin); an a;;};rcgatL' ainoiiiit
of Sa. Rs. .T.H'J.liyi. Thu (|\iaiitity of specie iin-
jioiti'd hi'tweon the 1st of May \H',\'t and the
:iiith April iH.'iC, is valued at Sa. Rs. !),(; L.'.OO, and
ihe tpiaiitity exported in the same time at Sa. Rs.
s,i'),i".i;').
VIII. The botany of the island is rich and varied :
on the mountains grow the poon, bitanfier, raii^as,
iril puon, daiiinierlaut, wood oil tree, the cypress and
some super!) species of arborescent ferns. The
caniitehouc or elastic ^um winds round all the trees
111 a s|iiral form. All tlu' Malacca fruits, with the
exception of the (tiikii, j^iow in ^'reat ahundanci', the
siiRar ciuie and pepper vine are CNtensively cultivated
((he i|iiiuitity of pepper annually produced averaged
jlis. L'.O'J'i ,()()() avoirdupois) cloves and nutmeijs thrive
well (the former cover 1 lie tops of the cleared sum-
mits, the latter are found ii\ every part of the valley,
line i)laiitation alone oecupyint; a space of several
Miuaie miles) eott'ee yields ahundar.tly, extensive //'•/(/.«
1)1' pine a|)ple8 of delicious gout are found at the foot
rORV, AND ACQUISITION.
405
of the mountains ; the tea i)lant cn*ows wild ; ginger,
ciiMiamon, cotton, tohacco, and in fact every inter-
tropical production is capal)le of being brought to
the higlu'st state of perfection.
Reef, mutton and perk are of excellent tinvour,
and the bazar furnishes a great variety of tish.
In islH, the blaring nutmeg trees on the island
were estimated to be I'i'.lW). Since that period spices
have been more extensively cultivated. There arc
now upwards of thirty spice plantations at this scttle-
miiii, including Province Wellesley, and these may
be classed as follow ; —
I'ive plantations containing from 1000 up to 20,000
trees.
i:ight from .''lOO up to 10,000 trees.
Seventeen from .Ml up to 21100, containing in the
aggregate about H(),(i()() trees, of which luimbcr
■l."p,()(i0 are estimated to be in bearing. When Ren-
coolen was ceded to the Dutch, the plantations
then' were estimated to contains l.'5,000 hearing trees
only.
'I'he gross annual produce from the jilantations
may be roughly estimated at 1 MO, (100 lbs., but young
trees are yearly coming into bearing to swill this
(piantity ; should the cultivation meet with no serious
interruption, it may perhaps in time supply the whole
of the English market with spices.
■ . i
CHAFIEII I\ .— INIALACCA.
Si ( rioN 1. — Near the southern extremity of the
iiiiic; Malayan peninsula, which is in length 77') miles,
■vitb an average breadth of 12.'') miles; in latitude
two degrees 14 minutes north latitude, 102 degrees
I:' minutes east, is situated the Rritish settlement of
Malacca, extending about 10 miles along shore by ,■?()
inland, and containing an area of 800 sipiare miles :
limiiuli'd on the north by Salengore at Cape Rochado,
nil the south Jehore, at the river Muar, on the east,
\t\- the Rnmho country, and on the west, by the
straits of Malacca.
II. The sea coast is rocky and barren, with detached
islets of cavernous rocks, which the Chinese used as
places of sepulture. The interior is mountainous
lioing a continuation of the Al|)inc chain, which
runs from the Rrahmaiuitra river in Assam to the
extremity of the peninsula) ; with several picturestpie
vallios, the highest mountain (named by the nntives
l.ealdang, by the I'ortug\iese Moiivt Ojihir) has an
elevation of 4,000 feet above the sea. Colone'i ;''ar-
qiihar was nearly six hours ascending to the highest
part of Mount Ophir, the table surface on the top of
which docs not exceed 40 yards square ; the whole
mountain appears to be a solid block of granite, here
and there thinly covered with decayed vegetable soil.
Stunted firs arc found near the summit, and the
vegetation of the mountain was quite different from
that mot with on the plains and vallies. The princi-
pal rivers are the Muar and Lingtuah, and the small
streams and rivulets from the mountains arc very
numerous. The extreme point of the peninsula is a
cluster of small islands ; the roadstead is safe, ai'.'l in the
Miuth-west monsoon vessels not drawing more than
111 feet of water are secure in a harl)i)ur under the lee
It the fort. Colonel Fanpdiar (who has made Ma-
lacca his study) o'-erves that violent tempests never
occur at its excellent anchoring ground, that the Su-
matra s(|iialls, which are common to the straits, sel-
dom last iibovi- an hour i<i two, and that for upwardti
of 2.') years whili- the I'Jiglish had po.ssession of the
place no ship had bein lost.
111. The Malayan peninsula, although the great
majority of the inhabitants are Malays (whence it de-
rives its name), is not the original country of that
active, restless, courageous, vindictive, and ferocious
people.
The present possessors (or Malayan i)rinces at)d their
subjects) emigrated in the 12th century, from I'alem-
bang in Sumatra (the original country of the Malays)
about A. n. I2.''i2, and founded the city of Malacca.
As they extended their colonization, the aborigines of
the country, who are oriental negroes with woolly
hair, jet black skin (the Malays are copper coloured),
thick lips, and flat nose, like the African, and of di-
minutive stature, were driven inland to the moun-
tains, where some of their unfortunate posterity still
exist.
The Malayan chiefs soon became involved in hos-
tilities with their neighbours, partly, perhaps, because
their sultan Malunnmed Shah, adopted the Maliom-
medan religion front the Arobs, then the great traders
in the east. Although the Malacca peo|)le were able
to resist the attacks of the Siamese on their chief city,
they were compelled to yield to the coiKpiering Por-
tuguese, who, in l.")!!, comijcllgd Sultan Mohammed
Shah, the 12th of his line, and the 7th of the city of
Malacca, to fly, after an obstinate resistance, to the
extremity of the peninsula, where he founded the
principality of .febore, which still exists. The Portu-
giu'se held Malaica until M'l 40, though with great
dilViculty, against the rei)eated assaults of the Sultans
of .\eheen, when it wa.s assailed by the Dutch, who
'I
Ji
il
HI
,1 i
.1 -
1 i!
ri
40C
MALACCA.— GKOLOGY, CLIMATE, POPULATION.
captured it nfter six months' sirge. In 17'J5 it was
seized by tlio Hriti.sli, liiit rt'stincil f(i the Diitcli nt
the pence (if Aniioiis in IHOI. On tlio liicakinn out
of the Knropeim war in I HOT, it vvns iiRnin tnkon by
the Enf;lish, l)ut nj;ain restored nt the peace of lHl."i;
however, in IH J.'), it was received l)y Kn;,'land, tofictiier
with tlie Kort of Cliinsnrali on tlie river llno^'hly, 20
miles from Caliiittn, in exclinii^c' for tlie IJritish
settlements on the island of Snmutra.
IV. The climate is reckoned ore of the liealthiest
in India, the temperature being uniform, the thermo-
meter ranjzinf; from 72 to H'> the whole year round.
The morniuj^'s and eveninf;s are cool and refreshin;^,
and the sultry ni^dits of llindostan rarely occur.
There is no regular monsoon, but the rainiest months
are September, October, and November. The lluc-
tuation of the barometer throughout the year is tri-
fling, the raii^e being ;t()..T to 2'J.h',\, giving an aniuud
variation of oidy oni-lifth of an inch. The average
of casualties in the garrison for seven years .s., ♦^wo
in 100, a fact which attests the salubrity of i. e
climate.
V. The |)o]iulation of the settlement of Maiaecu
v^•as in IIM, nf,C,, iHl.'i, and IM17, thus,—
ir.io.
j;fla.
IHIS. ]h\;.
In the flrRt street
In the scccinil
street
I'lcm Trniiiinernli
t<i t'omlor .. . .
Uiiixln llik'cr to
Kiissnnt; ..
llhiKli" Kayo to
I'HnkaUuii); IJRt-
tuo
OirlstlniiH
•.m;ii»
C'lilri(-e
■-'llil
Miiors
ir,-M
Mahtya
Christians
KitiM
t'|]lni'sc
Moors
lii'ja
Malays
aia.'i
ili<i.v iiii;,-
91 1' liiiiii
'.liliti 'Jllsil
SlI'JII .j2():i
Mliili lii(i:i
Total.. ..
i)U3o
7'i\6
i(is;H lufr.i;
In 1823 the iiopulation was !i2,uuo.
Latest Return at the India House.
!)! STRICTS.
■a
a
7,
B
5
1
U
g
1
J.
a
.2
i
03
k.
VI
O
Total.
Malacca Town
8».5
aa.')-!
r(,'2
IT) 1
•i\
II
afi.
11
a()0
aa
■•795
Trniikerra Quarter
;i-
.'.6(i
uiriti
rill
1
1
148
1!)
•v.!
1
asiH
Bandallrr Qimrtcr .
(|IM
aa»
!W
—
—
1
h
/■/-a
a
aiiiii)
HoiiRaraya and Uiikit China
laliri
(ilia
i'2
—
—
a
7a
a
irs
1
a-.'a.i
Kla)banKtu llaniiiaii Cliuiii
II 112
Mil
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
4a5i
Padan); Trninio tu I'lilii Chii.
;-j()s
•J(ii»
—
—
—
—
—
—
.".■)3;
tinallanUJaiitcetoSeinbraiiB
(iajitli . . . .
1 rii.-.
aaa
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2(WH
Friiijnt to I'anchor
vm
•.'It)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
um
Nanning . . . .
4jk;
li
—
—
—
—
—
—
~
a8
4.iy3
Total
aisrs
4^48
iHiia
85.^
aa
1.^
41)0
a6
i8«a
aasi;
Itinerants Kupposcd here at this s
eason, ahont
Hiin
Native Military and Followers ar
d Convicts, a
K)Ut
, ,
, ,
rtiii
Europeans and their Descundantt
, about
•
•
a.'i)
Total
•
•
•
•
•
• •
a4(i(it)
Abstract iji the whulc Census of Malacca* in 18.36.
Adults.
s
tliildrcn.
Itlrtbs.
Ocatiis.
S
Males.
Females.
o
1
,
1
'A
.1
1
il
Cm
•a
o
1
en
O
a
s
•3
3
1
a
i
H
Z
Knrop. and their descendants. . . .
')'2
aa
aa
aa
29
4. I
4a
aaa
H
4
3
i
^^■rannies, I)ts. of PortiiBuese. . . .
l;i.-)
tia
ai(i
4(1.1
a4li
a97
aaa
aasy
68
0(i
00
M
Malays
llillS
14hli
ai,-(i
4r<i:'
a-jiii
47,'9
4.')H7
2aa9a
318
a7i
a; 8
'.MS
Cliincse
!)je
7a(i
nil)
SIH
(iya
raa
,'i,-,S
.llliKi
88
8a
/>
7=
Klines .Mn>snlnien
a; 4
aK(i
ami
a98
aaa
a44
a4a
1 19a
4.i
41
24
n
Ditto Hindoos
nil
i:.!)
14a
174
(ijaii
1114
l.^O
lai
850
ai
ai
17
1:1
Total
fiiig
011)6
46ia
aCiA
(iai>7
^9i>:i
aaiCa
548
489
449
:i!)i
Kiirop. and their lit
M'tmiiiles, |)ts. ot
Malays .. ..
iliini'se..
KliiiK'' Miissiilnien
nittu Ilinduoii
VI. One of th(
in the east, is the
I'stablished in 1h|
lU'V. Dra. Morrison
is the recipiocal cu
litcriiture, and the
principles of Chris
iloiitsiii the college
all of whom are o
receiving each a m
lileand interesting *
(liini'se hooks, and
translated into Chir
istahiislied, |)aper
inmnicnced. The c
[irivatc contributioij
useful an institution
fur want of suppo
Malacca are several i
s'lppurted by the I
(hiiiese schools aloi
llif Tainul schools at
at Malacca are doiii
ticcn established by t
tliiir countrymen in
arc also established a
At the latter place, t
who has been biougl
lege at Malacca,
VII. When accpiii
the whole revenue 01
dollars; its revenue
with tho<e of the oth
VIII. Malacca, beii
eraporiimis of trade ii
and Siiigapoi-e, the i
"thcrat the south-en;
a trade limited to its
Hel'ore the estnblishni
tieinents, and during
I'litch there, it was a
Till forms one of tl
>» the free trade capti
Irade, it may be well 1
'WHS practised by th
lead is the metal us
o'dtr to detect adul
a-wrtaln (with suiMc
nt'^s) the extent of fn
■»7!l.'i
■MM
SiUlM)
•i-ai
2nsrt
1 4!) I
ISH3
;wsi7
KOO
7tii)
MOot)
Duatlm.
IT.
rt
fi
Z
£
:t
1
5it
3H
y7«
ajit
75
//
24
!J;)
17
i:i
441)
;iUl
MALACCA.— KDUCATION, KINANCK, &c.
407
Maloy Debtors.
II
=■3.
||
a
•3
"= ■3
9
a
a
5
ServantH In Pay.
Malay SiaveR.
Malayfi.
Scraolet
.
a
9
S
S
o
(S
1
i
t
a
is
3
13
i
1
1
s
tLi
1
s
Ik
Kurop. and their Itesrcmlrtiits. . . .
M'taniiics, l)ts. ol l*ortUBiu'»o.. .,
Malays
I IlllU'^C
KliMi;!i MusNiilnien
1/
•i
4
II
6j
14
•J
2.1
3
II
II
I
H
'.;t
■24
7
1
2
4
19
47
»
:i2
lU4
711
l.->2
2:tu
H2
42
«!l
;iH
104
172
6i
■SA
,5111
in
Ml
411
11
2 111
31
7
40
.1H
211
(1
170
221
•J Hi
yi
I.-.I!)
400
10
121ISS
f>U4
710
Ml!)
7;i
0l'73
47
1110
10(1
2:«
58
58
30
20
d
lA
Total
4.-. 227
firtOl
23
16
* The liihahltaiitH of Malacca, in Ik;io, rnnic to a iinuniinniiH rc!!uliitiuii tu lilierntc cvcrj' slave in the
si'tllciiieiit ;ilst DLTiiubir, kui.
VI. One of tho most vuliiahle Riitish institiitions
ill the cast, is the AiifrlD-Cliinose colU'se at Mnhiccii,
isfalilislu'd in IHIH, l)y the joint ellbrt-s of tiie late
lii'v. I)is. Morrison and Milne. 'I'lic oliject in view
iuhc reciprocal cultivation of Ciiinesc and European
literatine, and the instruction of native yontiis in the
principles of Christianity. The native Chinese stu-
iloiitsin the coilef;e, generally averaj^e from •-'."> to .3(1,
all of whom are on the foundation of the college,
receiving each a montidy allowance. Several valua-
hleand interesting t, "dations have hcen made from
( liincse hooks, and Knglish standard works have heen
translated into Chinese; a foundry for types has hcen
istnlilished, paper manufactured, and a periodical
(•nmnienced. The college is indehted for existence to
private contrihution, and it is to he hoped that so
useful an institution will not he allowed to languish
fur want of support. Attached to the coUige at
Malacca are several schools, the whole of which are
siippurted hy the London Missionary Society; the
Chinese schools alone contain nearly .'iOD hoys, and
tile Tainul schools are increasing. The female schools.
at Malacca are doing well, and three schools have
been cstahlished hy the Malays for the instruction of
tlicir countrymen in the luisilish language. Schools
are also cstahlished atTavoy, Moulmien and Rangoon.
M the latter place, the head master is a Chinaman,
who has heen hrought uji in the Anglo-Chinese col-
lege at Malacca.
VII. When actpiir d hy the British government,
the whole revenue of the settlement was hut 20,0011
dollars ; its revenue acco\mts are now incorpoiated
with tho'ic of the other settlement (vide I'enaug).
VIII. Malacca, heing situate hetweenthe two great
omporiiiins of traile in the eastirn archipelago, I'enutig
ami Singapore, the one at the north-west, and the
iithcr at the south-east of the straits, has lucessarily
a trade limited to its own consuiiiption and produce.
Before the estahlishmeiit of the two latter named set-
tlfinents, and during the nionopcdizing swav of the
Hutch there, it was a place of considerahle trallic.
Till forms one of the principal items of expmt, and
as the free trade cajitains may perhaps enter into the
trade, it may he well to caution them of the adultera-
iiiMis practised hy the Chinese and Malay miners,
lead is the metal usually alloyed with tin, and in
onler to detect adulterations, huyers may readily
ascertain (with suiMcient approximation to I'orrect-
noss) the extent of fruiid endeavoured to he practised
hy melting a standard muster of pure tin in n large
sized hulli't iiuuild with a small orifice, and then com-
pare a mould of the tin under exanunation, with that
of the pure metal ; if the former he heavier, the pro-
portion of adulteration may readily he calculated.
Antiiuoiiy has the etiect of hardening the admixture
with leacl, therehy increasing the dilliculty of detec-
tion, as regards external appearances.
The total value of imiiorts in 1 828-29, was sicca
rupees 10,81, 7H2; of exiiorts, sicca rupees 0,72,211.
The imports of specie amounted to sicca rupees
•t,I'.l,7l7; and the exports amounted to sicca rupees
2,(i"),2lt'.l. The value of imports from Calcutta, is
sicca rupees 1,1 2,.'>()') ; from Madras, 2,1.3,178 ; from
I'.nglaiKl, l,01,r)()-4; and from small native ports,
The accounts, however, of this government, as stated
hy Mr. I'nllertoii, are extremely defective.
iX. Tliniughout the Straits of Malacca, the com-
mon weights are the pecul, catty, and tael. The
•Malay |>eeul, three of wliich make a hahar, is heavier
than the common or Chinese iieeul, which is=l.'!;t.J
lbs. Rice and salt are usually sold hy the coyan of
forty peculs nearly, and gold dust hy the nunkal =
8:;2 grs. troy. The gantang Oiy which grain, fiuit
and lifpiids are sold) =1", I'lnglish gallon, is divided
into two hamhoos. Twenty gnntangs of rice make a
hag, and forty hags a coyan. Cloth is measured hy
the astah or covid of eighteen inches nearly. Land,
hy the orlong of twenty juinhas = 1 \ acre.
The currency of the straits is Spanish dollars divided
into 100 cents. The Dutch rix dollar and guilder
(divided into fananis and doits) are also used, chit Hy at
Malacca. t)ne guil(Ier= 12 fan:ims = 120 doits. The
rix dollar is a nominal coin of about 20 faiiams, .'11 or
.'12 of which make a Spanish dollar. The silver coins
comprise dollars of all descriptions, guilders and half-
guilders. The copper, the cent, half and (piarter-
cent ; there arc also doits, stivers, and wangs, inclu-
ding a great variety of copper coins, of different
countries.
X. Aiiliini! I'rMtiicHnns. — The staple of the settle-
ment is tin mines (which are all within a circuit of
2.'') miles round Malacca), which produce, generally
■1,000 peculs (a pecul is i;!3 pounds avoirdupois) p.
year. In the vallic s vegetation is extremely luxuriant :
rice yields from 200 to lUK) fold ; the sugar cane is
etpial to any proiluccd in any part of the ghdie ; cotVee,
eolton, indigo, chocolate, iiepper, and spices, have all
'ik
i
m
i
I. -v* ■'
i :■:■ ■■,}
, ■/ ,'i
■/'"'■ ^fJ'
W'^'l
m^-
40H SI NOAFORF,.— LOCALITY, HI:
been tried, mid tliiivf rcrnarkaldy wull. The spori-
taiicoti!) prodiictioUM of flu' sciil arc vi>ry iiiiiniToiis,
cuiisi:itiiiK of an almost eiidlcKS variety oi' the riclii'st
and niDHt (Itilicioiis fruits and vujjetabli's. Tin' country
is covered witli very (iuu mid diiratilc timber tor sliips
and liouse l)',iilding; tlie .\luili<in\\ci', wliicli is nearly
C(|ual to teak, is extremely ahundaut. ("nnos ond
rattans f()rm a considerable branch of tlie exports ;
the forests yield gums, resins, and oils in great plenty ;
the camphor tree grows near the south-east extremity
of the peninsula ; a great variety of niedicinul plants
and drugs are common in the woods ; the nutmeg
grows wild. If the gold and tin mines in the vicinity
of Malacca were scientifically worked, they would
prove of great value; at present, the Malay and
Chinese miners seldom dig below six or ten feet, and
TORY AND ACQUISITION, Sec.
as the veins become thin, remove from place to pine,..
The gold from lloolo I'ahong, 100 miles inland frimi
Malacca, is of the purest ipiality ; and there are suiiu
small mines of i^old at the foot of Mount Oplur, ciilKii
liaftang Moring, about ^if'i miles from Malacca.
Uird's nests, wax, cutch, damtneer, tish innws, nnij
sliiirks' tins (for '"'''inese soups) rattans, eainplidr,
betelnuts, gold dust, sago, dragon's blood, ivury,
hides, aguilla and sappai> woods, tftc, are among th ■
principal productions. Captains of uhips will be glaij
to hear that fruit and vegetables of every variety lii,.
abundant and low priced, and that poultry, ho^s,
butfaloes, and tlsh are plentiful and cheap. During'
the progress of the expedition against Java in |m||^
30,000 troops, with their followers were abunilniiHy
supplied with fresh provisions of every variety daily.
CHAPTER IV.— SINGAPORE (SINGHAPURA.)
, s
'i '
11
I. This rapidly rising emporium of trade, is situate
on the southern extremity of the peninsula of Ma-
lacca just described, in latitude I. 17. 'SJ. north;
longitude, 103.51.4.'). east, {this is the position of
the town); of an elliptical forin, about from 2.'> to
27 miles in its greatest length from east to west; to
I.") miles in its greatest breadth from north to south ;
and containing un estimated area of l'70 sipiare miles,
with about .')0 small desert isles within 10 miles
around it, in the adjacent straits, whose area is about
Go miles ; the whole settlement embracing a maritime
and insular dominion of about 100 miles in circum-
ference.
II. The Malay nnnals relate that in a. n. lii.'')2, Sri
Iscandar Shah, the last Malay prince of Singapore,
being hard pressed by the kii\g of Majopahit, in Java,
returned to the main land, where he founded the city
of Malacca. That the Dutch or Tortuguese may have
settled on the island is probable, from the remains of
religious buildings and other structures, which indi-
cate its having been once thickly inhabited. On the
design of Sir Stamford Kafflcs, the settlement of Sin-
gapore was first formed in Fcljruary 1H18, and its
sovereignty in its jjrescnt extent was confirmed to
Great IJritain in 182.5, by a conventioi\ with the King
of Holland and the Malay Princes of Jehore. There
is, I believe, a pension of j4,000 Spanish dollars a
year paid by the Kast India Company to this Rajah,
as an cciuivalent for the cession.
III. The island is on the north separated from the
main land of the Malayan peninsula, by a very small
strait, which in its narrowest part is not n\ore than
one quarter of a mile wide. On the front, and dis-
tant about nine miles, is an extensive chain of almost
desert isles, the channel between which and Singa-
pore, is the grand route of commerce between east
and west Asia. The aspect is low and level, with an
extensive chain of saline and fresh water marshes, in
several parts covered with lofty timber and luxuriant
vegetation : here and there, low rounded sand hills
interspersed with spots of level ground, formed of a
ferruginous clay with a sandy substratum.
The town stands on the south coast, on a point of
land near the west end of a bay where there u a salt
creek or river navigable for lighters nearly a mile
from the sea ; on the east side of the town is a (ke|)
irdet for tire shelter of native boats. The town con-
sists generally of stone houses of two story liigli, hut
in the suburbs called Cumpong-glam, Canipniiu-Ma-
lacca, and Campong-China, bamboo huts are erectcil
on posts, most of them standing in tlic .stii-;!!!)!!!
water. On the east side of the harbour tntcrprisini;
IJritish merchants are erecting substantial and uriiii-
mental houses fronting the sea, presenting a straMj-'f
contrast to the wretched tenements of the Malays,
The ground is generally raised three feet, and the man-
sions have a superb entrance by an ascent of grinlti'
stairs, then an elegant portico supported by nia;^ni-
ficent Grecian columns of every order of urehitic-
ture ; the rooms are lofty, with Venetian windows
i down to the floor, and furnished in a luxuriant man-
ner ; each tenement provided with its imtlis, billiard
i tables, &c., while the grounds are tastily laid out with
I shrubs of beautiful foliage, the tout cnsrnthle atrurdin),'
I a most ])icturesque prospect from the shipping in ihu
roadstead.
IV. The principal rock is red sandstone, which
changes in some parts to a breccia or con-rloinerato,
containing large fragments and crystals of (|L^artz. Tlic
whole contiguous group of isles, about 30 in niniilHT,
as well us Singapore, are apparently of a subiuarinc
origin, and their evulsion probably of no very distant
date.
V. Notwithstanding its lowness, marshiness, inter-
tropical [wsition and consequent high temperature,
with a rapid and constant evaporation by a nearly
vertical sun, from a rank and luxuriant vegetation,
and a ])rofusion of animal and vegetable matter in
every stage of putrefaction, Singapore has hitherto
proved exceedingly healthy, owing (lerhaps to its
maritime position. Being so near the eciuator, tliero
is of course little variety of se.\sons, neither sumnwr
nor winter : Fahrenheit ranges from 71 tu H'Jdeg.;
the periodical rains are brief, indistinctly marked, and
extending over about 1,50 days of the year.
8INGAr()ki;.-('I.IMATK AM) I'Ol'UI.ATION.
CLIMATK OF SINUAFORK.
409
MAUOMKTKR
tiii-:rmomi.ti.i'..
Months.
Oreateit Range.
Least Range.
Grr
Six
atcst Rii
ngc.
Six
Least Ran
S"' Noon.
g«-
Six
Noon.
Six
Six
Noon.
Six
Noon.
Six
A. M.
p. M.
A.M.
H. M.
A. M.
r. M.
A.M.
p. M.
January
30.03
'M)M
29.99
29.90
29.90
29.87
77
86
83
72
75
74
Ki'bruary
30.02
30.04
30.00
29.88
2 9. 91
29.S7
79
87
85
94
82
78
March
29.97
29.99
29.97
29.83
29.85' li9.83
80
88
80
73
70
79
April
29.99
29.99
29.9.''>
29.85
29.87 ! 29.82
81
87
87
73
80
79
Mav
29.94
29.99
29.91
29.83
29.84 1 29.82
81
87
80
75
78
80
June
29 98
29.97
29.97
29.80
29. 8r-,
29.82
84
88
87
75
77
77
July
':>')<jr,
29.90
29.92
29.82
29.83
29. H3
82
l>8
85
73
78
77
August
29.9.'")
2'.».99
29 9.''>
29.85
29.88
29.84
81
87
85
75
78
78
Scptcinlier ...
29.99
30.03
29.98
29.85
29.87
29.83
82
87
8.5
74
70
77
Oitolicr
29.90
2997
29.9.'')
29.83
29.88
29.80
79
88
80
75
70
79
Noveniher
29.91
29.9.'-.
29.93
29.80
29.83
29.80
79
8f.
80
71
80
79
December
29.94
30.00
29.98
29.82
29.85
29.82
78
85
80
73
75
75
Annual 1
avirugc J
29.97
29.99
29.95
29.84
29.8C1
29.83
80.2
87
85.6
73.0
77.0
77.0
VI. The following Census of the Population (with its divisions) of the settlement, has been furnished
iiie from the Iiidiu Iluusc.
List of the Population at Sing
ipore on the 1st of January, 1829.
Singapore Town :
Europeans ....
Native Christians
Malays
Chinese
Natives of Bengal
Do. of the Coast of Ceromandel
Arabs
Javanese
i
■a
(A
S
B
01
■i
Campong China :
Europeans ....
Armenians ....
Native Ch.istians
Malays
Chinese
Natives of Bengal
Do. of the Coast of Coromandel
Buggies, Balancse, &c.
Javanese .....
Arabs .....
Total
Country and Plantations :
Europeans ....
Native Christians
Malays .....
Chinese
Natives of Bengal
Do. of the Const of Coroniandel
Buggies, Balancse, &c.
Javriiiose
Total
Summary :
Singapore ....
('ampong China
Campong Glam
Country and Plantations .
Islands
Grand Total .
3 (1
•3
£
•a
f2
24
17
350
94
104
72
7
7
')
7
304
8
3
I
i
9
20
24
000;
102'
107
73
8
10
33
18
80
382
4125
56
1150
2
82
22
4
71
452
341
17
4
09
55
2
37
24
151
834
4466
73
11.54
71
137
24
Total
081
335
1016
Ganipong Glam :
Europeans ....
Native Christians
Malays
Chinese .....
Natives of Bengal
Dn. of the Coast of Coroniandil
Buggies, Balancse, &c.
Javanese .....
27
19
673
817
38
97
210
95
16
10
797
22
7
7
67
84
43
29
1470
839
45
104
283
179
5950
1021
6971
12
47
927
2082
179
104
440
276
15
779
39
47
5
305
25
15
62
1704
2121
226
109
811
301
Total
1982
1010
2992
Islands :
1
502
45
4
127
1
520
'g8
1
6
1082
47
4
195
1
4073
1270
5349
Native Christians
Malays
Chinese .
Natives of P>engal
Uuggies, Balancse, &c.
Javanese .
081
5950
1982
4073
740
335
1021
1010
1276
590
1010
0971
2992
.5349
1330
Total
740
.590
\xu;
13432
l'?32
17664
• i
'I
»I0
SINOAPOHK.— TOl'tll.ATION. COMMKHCK.
. 3
VVhrii tnkrn ponnciiniDn of l>y oiir I'sfnblMhmont in
IM2(>, It had luvii inhabitrd for liKlit y»ar« liy ahoiit
(>«»• hiiihlii'ii mill liflfi Mnlayi, half lUhiTim'U ami half
piratin. Within the brii-f space of tinif from IH-.'O to
IN.IJ, its popiihifiiiii huH thiin riipidly inirrnspd (wi-
havi' no forri'ct data prt'vious to the end of lH2H).
r as 03 =• y v: > > •/ M
' " "^ ' f ^ S sr I <4
to
o
s
to
o
u
t;"
^^
1 '^
~> 1
r* o»
»-*
1 10
(X
©
£'
o
VC
£
10
4-
to — O ii-
-1 b <o ^
IC VC 5^ -I 10
to 9> to —
£o — "- o —
in -I iX ff> —
IX
to
o to -I to
IX o^ <c *- I
Vl 00 -^ O 10
o c —
I 1^ W M lO
I •- <;< CO o<
O CT ^ to
o» c^ -^i w
~l W ii J>
4n i. O O
to -I "-
*. »l «- — (» x
4- -I (z> ts jc '-i
to o — —
«p 10 1^ to o o
ik en -I en CO 00
4k «• lO >-
en il. CO 10 -^ 10
in O to it* to 10
00 -J —
tn en *- -^ to
10 — <o CO to i7>
■^ Mj en ^ ^
4* » CO —
§ — «C CO o —
«o 7> in o <o
OD
to
■X
to
"J
I
I
o
3
TS
■g
3
3"
3
r*
3
a
2,
00
10
CO
3
3,
5'
09
00
CO
CO
00
io
to
Census of Slngaiioro, 1st January I«33, shewing the pro
portion of Males tu Females.
Cla'scs.
Males.
Females.
Total.
Kiiropcans
91
■iH
119
liiilo-llritons
Sfl
40
96
Native Christians
ifi;
133
3U0
Arincniaus
V
8
n.'i
Arnbn
9fi
U
9«
Natives of Coromandcl and Ma-
1763
»7
1819
labar.
Ditto of Hcngal and other parts
3B9
II
4'-«
Jews
•i
M
a
Siamese
5
3
7
ItOKgies, Balancse, (dc.
7m
»33
17^6
Malays
37(13
3368
7131
Javanese
:ifii
234
.■sys
) hlnese
7fi.'sn
867
8517
Calftes
a»
14
37
Total
1SIH6
.^694
30880
To the foregoing must be added ^y^W convicts, and
military and thiir followers f.OO, making a grand total
of aii.OOO moutln, where a few short years ago there
was not ll'J 1 'i'he loading merchants, agents, shop-
keepers, and auctioiutrs are Knglishnien. There arc
.several wealthy Chinese mLichants, and the bulk of
the shopkeepers and most valuable |)nrt of the riti/i ii^
are Chinese, nearly .'i,ooo of whom arrive Hiiiiunlly
from Chiiin by the yarly trailiiiK Junks, about I.ihio
of whom remain at Singapore, and the remiiinilcr
disperse themselves over the neighbouring iitliiMilv
The Malays are ehielly Hshermen, and the natives uf
the (Niromandel const boat-men.
Society is divided asatthe Presidencies, into foiinlls-
tinet caste* — 1st. The civilians of the Company. Jij,
The military. .'Id. First class merchants, Ith. Sinmil
einis merchants, shopkeepers, 8cc. -, ami, as in all nniail
communities, they are exclusive in their eoteiics.
VII. There is an American missionary and two Komnii
Catholic priests in the island, but as yet no house di'
worship. A Homish chapel is in progress, nnil mar
its completion. The humbler classes are uncducati'il,
but honest and faithful to their employers.
VIII. No accounts of the trade of the islaiiil were
kept prior to Ih^I; since then the value of the im-
ports and exporis have been as follow! :
'I'ear.
Imports.
Exports.
Both.
£.
£.
i.
IhlM
|.|,''..''..'.0<.)
layo'.T.M
2H.J,'-.777
\H•>:^
i:vj.)'ji7
122«78f.
2.'.,'.270.1
IH2«
i:if,i'.>7H
i:»Hh.'joc>
27.''i02Hl
IH27
llMH.'-)y'.)
i;iH72()l
2H7r..sO()
IH2M
I'ji'i 112(1
iM()4f)(;()
;17i'p.''>7ho
18J'.)
•!12l.''..''.t)
1 8702.10
3;»I)7H()9
IH.'U)
iHT.'iM.^O
iH2f.f.:i4
:<7oiyMi
1M3I
I780<»y4
Lies I.-) 7
S.Udl.'il
The account of its trade with different countries
will be seen by the following return ot the iom|iarntive
statement of the trade of Singapore (imports nml
exports) with the different countries in lH;t()-;u ami
1 83 1 -.•12, &c.
Comparative Statement of the Imports and Exports of
Slngapure for 1830-31 and 1831-3.
imports.
Kxports.
Countries,
_. . . ^ .
1830-31.
Il0l94.^
1831-33.
1830-31.
1831-31
KnKland .. ..Sp. D.
I.M4()64
3535576
;li«r!)J6
FiireiKM Europe . .
75301
81302
99637 1 2IID:6
South America ..
31563
1)016
_
Mauritius, ftc
5897
70fi8
18184
vm\
Calcutta
1 31.^(48
1072852
imllA36
«;!).»!i
Madras
4H733
14101!)
135714
\m;i
Uoinbay
I0.S625
9157.1
193125
i;2siii
China
•J8575tl5
2433959
81)9305
phm
Java
1135025
97897H
542389
■Mmi
Rhio
84915
11221 6
61648 1 ;.vi:i9
Siam
2(IOO()7
24311HO
149149 1 21'JIMI
Cncliln China
37717
1264iei
40778
•i-um
Ceylon
IJ724
7341
148)9
—
Achei'o fc N. Pepp. Ports
77
35290
725
—
Sumatra ..
187398
151581)
167511 1 l6.ViH>
K. C. Peninsula ..
37S-.US
320271
4IO(H)3 1 311111.^
Straits
40 134
27904
305H3 , 2411)1
Celebes
2343^'i
173917
2581)24 1 16;; 111
Ilornco
241176
iii.:'(i37
192229 1 irsillli
Hally
71143
53471
I02K29 1 .VjJDIi
Manilla
304153
40303
1647110 1 u;iw
Cainboja
17638
yii.'is
14624 ' ."IK)
Oilier Ports, «ic
110871
1 18135
I75H7S 1 i2);m
Total Sp. D.
H45S731 , 7936()74
8271223 ;694iJ«
7U36974
6941542
DifTerence. .
5317S7
1331)681
As Singapore is one of the largest entrepots in the
eastern hemisphere, a detailed statement of the trade
of the island for 1837 is given in the next page.
i>soiii'r«or airaiij'
«NII «MllRlr«,
Msniieaiiil Oilman'
Stores :
I'rovisions :
Cotton 0(H)ds t
Plain cottons
Printed ditto
Coloured ditto
Muslins .
llandl(h, shawls, «£c.
Cotton twist ,
Nlscellancons :
Ciold k silver thread
(iunpowder .
PsonircK or coun-
tkikhtotiik kast
UfTllKC. U. HOPK
Exchaiurn (15th 1
navy and treasury bi
Sp. dr.— None. Wai
Kxports,
■-IHI
lllidl
lii:l(i
«7955!l
S7U
UHSrS
;il«
i;25iii
\r.\m
;:I51I'J
■j:iH!l
;lSO(i(l.i
IliU
;.i(i;i!i
'.luy
•il'JlW)
I'/TX
2^)05
4S1U
;•"
i;:,ii
16.V2IC.
m'H.»;t
1 :iliMi5
tO.'iHIt
'i4lltt
M.m
16-1I'
nm
' i;soin
I'H'il)
S25!ll)
uroo
1 ■ssi»
4ti.!<
' "INI
.'.H7S
1 r24;ni
pj'i:l
'f!94l5t'i
1542
IjlhHI
l( |i(Ms in till'
loltl>e trmlf
page.
SINOAl'ORE.— rDMMKIlCK.
Jmfiorh. — Krom Mnlnrrn, ii(|(inrr-riKKt'<l vi'»*i'U,
111
K.ri><irt.i. — T<i M«lr»crn, ii(|iinrr-rigf(('<l vr^irlm, Hp. |),
-|i l>. H>*,M'> ; native ornrt, HI, ;(7H. IVimiix, m|imn'- l(>|,7ri:>; native rnill. hi, •.•;•;». IViiiin-'.^ uur ngm-d,
ri|,'K><l, .HH,a''7 ; luiiivc crntt, :v<:mh. i j.UJ.TJO; native cralt, 7o, II I.
Iinporti anil KxiKirta nf HInicRparc, for IH:i7.
I-Killil iKIir KI'HIII-K
Ill) porta.
Ilt'rr, WInpi, and
Siiirltk 1
IIClT
\Vliir«. ( liirot
Slitrry
I'ort .
( hnni|inKii('
Other kliiilit
llnnily .
Kiiiii
(,lii
Mctnli :
IP'M
I. rail
SiwItiT . .
Mariiii' and Oilman**
Stori'H :
Ani'hnra
Chnina ■
(aiivaH .
C'()|i|M'r Nalla anil
SliiatliliiK .
CnnlBKC
Tar
L'rovlaiona :
I'nrk
Bei'f
llama .
Cutton Oooda :
Plain cottona
Printed ditto
Colniircd ditto
Mualins .
llandkfH.aliawU, J<ir.
I'uttun twlitt .
Woollens :
Camlrta
U'ng ells .
.siripi'il lUta .
Wor»ted atuffs, ftc.
Uiscellancoiis :
(iolil K allver thread
(iunpowder .
MuiiketH
Ulttu lucks .
Pionvcx OP couN-
THIK4T(ITI(K KAST
oriiiKC. U. HopK
l:i:i hda. Ai :io dux.
7;i« clii/.
'ill hdit. ft •i.iH dor..
Id'i dn/. Ik A hda.
I7'» dii7..
HllMi kIh. .177 dor..
U77*l r1". i:I<) dor.
:i7uii kIh.
•ii ca». k fA Kit,
1 2004 pIcuU.
:ilt4 pla.
13(18 pi a.
330 cwt.
HO wgr. 310 cwt.
IP WK. (i'ili cwt.
'.Ifllli holta.
4!13 pla.
100 pN.
I'M lirlx. nnd 150
hrls. pitch
None
4 caNkH M( 012 kcK»
iti .'( rks. loiiKorH
I ck. K H.v.lli IhH,
liaina
1 4H470 plercs and
"h;w7 jrda.
iAh.io pieces and
7000 ) ds.
:i'i:i:io pieces and
I'iMl'il yds.
l.^ I :i pieces
'.j4()i:l doz.
'jHyj pis.
013 pieces
"40 pieces
11)01 ps. 7A7gyds.
031 ps. KcsaSHyds
[10 lbs
KiH.) ctvs. 1 case
l(W74l ibs.
MlWl
PaOIIIM K OK lOUN-
TaiKnTOTIIM NAIir
or TiiRC.d. Mora
Urain :
Rice
(iram
Wheat
131 liilK. Ml fldor.
l73ilor. I
3,tAii K<il". and Mi
diizriis
^\ ilor.vn
None
.•lOlki nN. l«dor.
■ix73 kU. iih doa.
None.
UOh cases
llAr4 pla.
3113 pU.
I7'J3 pi".
543 cwt.
1(1 WR. (iH pis.
■JO7 pi!..
113; bolts
MH pis,
4N(t pis.
V()4 l)Brrels nnd
barrels pitch
None
4 ciiKks vo tierces
hlllll llln.
4lv;i(iliM.
l'i4P7l pieces
10030 pieces
l8l)'>!) pieces
y203 pieces
l-ioii.s doz.
3U^(i pis.
syo pieces
I I'Jil pieces
71(1 ps. JdH'i yds.
47.^ ps. Ik 704 yds.
■JO ctys. gold
.'>04!)2 11)8.
1H'J04
3002
107241 pis.
32(i5 munnds
14284 maiinds
!t3!»37 pis.
sso nmuiids
H242 inaiinds
Ores and Metala 1
Antimony ore
Copper, I'crnvinn
Ditto, Cochin China
Oidd dust
riu
Cotton and Linen
(ioods :
Hannahs
(liirruhs
Haloiupores 1 brown)
Ditto hhae)
illiie Moorec*
Chintzes
Curwahi
Canvaa .
Ilandkrrrhlefs
Do. ;Javu llattlck)
Nankeens
IHlBcellanconi:
Arrack . .
HeeswH.x
Henjaiiiin
Hctelnut
CRS"ia . .
Coffee .
C'ordaKU
Cotton .
Ciitch .
DraKOu's blood
Eliony .
l^lepliBiit's teetli .
(iambler
(iamboiiKC .
(iiiiiny ba^s .
ilcmp (Manilla) .
Hides .
Hide cuttinifs
liidiKo .
Mother o'pearl shell
(111 ....
iUplum, Jleiiares .
I'atna
Malwa
Rattans.
Sago
Isalt
J Saltpetre
Mandal wood .
Sapaii ditto . .
'Silk, raw
Spices, Cloves
I Mace . .
Nutmegs .
Feppcr (blk.)
Do. (white)
Do. (long)
Sllclac .
KiiKar .
.Segars (Manilla) .
Tea
Tobacco, Java
I China .
Bally .
il Leaf (Hen-
'! gal and Madras
1120 pis.
None
None
NOW honcala
34010 ptcills
21)7.^ Cofgcs
IH.Ml corges
22NO ciirges
2/31 corges
2107 Cfirges
11442 corges
AO4 corges
II0H bolls
302 corges
2700 corgcH
32HO corges
irieag. II7HI gla,
ll30plcnls
00M picills
:l22l).^ (licols
.^4^ picills
I2.^!M pIciiN
I iPi) picols
3.^7o picills
I7tli idciils
21 1 picnis
•)lii37 picills
12.) picills
H470 picills
1(1.^ picills
4144 IH
IS3() picills
327H picills
(io picills
3005 picills
220! picills
5115(1 pieiilH
20214 chests
12 clients
4.i4 chests
21000 picills
)OII040 Ddls.
pis. raw
S2H()ii uiciils
2702 picills
.^37 picills
nttH7 picills
5.^3 plcnls
123 pis. 27 cases
142^ picills
I370J plcnls
WHib piculs
478 plcnls
<5(i4 plculs
44, 'i plculs
71018 plculs
113/1750
387 pis.
(173 cor. id 10 pis.
544 pis.
20(i0 plculs
Afl02
'J4H picills
; Tortolscshell
i Tiirnitric
Oihcr sorts 37 pis. and 7 duh.
115 pis. 77 ctys.
1301 plculs
31(10 pl».
None
None
20017 buncal*
32(l0U plculs
2073 corgrs
1000 corges
2(Hl3 corgea
27/3 corges
2135 corges
j,^734 corges
2(13 cori';es
I7H4 bo'(*
.5(140 dur. IH3corg,
333 C'liges
4007 corges
23140 gals.
782 plcnls
8,50 plculs
20048 plculs
1041 plculs
1(1483 picillit
081 picills
1.501 plculs
1200 plculi
28(1 plculs
2IO.'i5 picills
Mi plculs
30701 plculs
150 pis, 52clys.
I 45250
1081 plculs.
5724 plculs
S8(! plculs
II/-3 pis. J<i (l4Cty*.
137(1 picills
2734 picills
053N) chests
10 chests
310 chests
20303 piculs
17877 pis. pearl Ik
0000 hdls. raw
40620 piculs
1215 plculs
None
0383 plculs
837 piculs
168 piculs
I52JI plculs
1181.) piculs
20il08 plculs
(1(10 plculs
2033 plculs
1105 plculs
l()40O4 piculs
0533500
I72d plculs
5(i() corges
1.5(10 plculs
1712 plculs
30 piculs
311 piculs
202 pis. 32 Ctys.
105 piculs
Exchmiires {LMh February, 183H). — On London,
navy and treasury hills, 10 a 30 days' sight, 4,v. per
Sp. dr. — None. Wanted. On Londun, private bills.
with shipping dooumcnts, ft months' sight Is. \il.
per Sp. dr. — Scarce and wanted. On London, private
bills, without shipping documents, (i months' sight,
I
m
II->
SINGAI'Cid',.— STAl'M', I'UOI^UCTS
If
«i
i
•1,1. \il. |)ov Sp, dr. — No (It'iiinml. On CiiU'iitlii,
poviMnini'iit, M) diiys' sis;ht, Ciiys. Its. pi'i- Sp. drs,
10(1. — None. On C'nIcuttH, piiviitc, ''itto, ■J\i'< a JIH
ditto (Utti). — Scaroi" and \vnnlo<l. On Uonilmy, ditto
ditto, ".'22 Honibny is. ditto. — Noni'. On Mudrus,
ditto ditto "Jls Miidras rs. ditto. — None. On llatavia
ditto ditto, /'. L'7<> |H>r Sp. drs. I0(». — In no di'inand.
On Ohinn, ditto ditto, Sp. drs. 100 \ni Sp. dis. 100.
— None and in dfniai\d.
^V('(J;7l/.v /ii l,iii)(hiii mill l.iri'rpiwl (l.'ith I'Vhrunry,
IH.'IS) — Till ;</., iuul antimony on- 1/. lO.v. per IJOc'wt.;
sngar in basjs, llv. ditto; susjar in liaski'ts and casks,
4/. lO.v. ditto ; hides, (>/. (ii'r ICi cwt. ; ^;anil)ii'r in linik,
fi/. 10.«. pi'r 'JO cwt. ; (.'amliiiT in liaski'ts, i\l, ditio ;
coftVc, .')/. per 18 cwt.; pepper, i'A. per 10 cwt.;
cassia, ".«. ("/. per box ; saRo, in l)ai;s, I/. I,*. |)er 'JO
cwt. ; sa^o in boxes, \l. per .M) ce.bic t'l'et ; other
incasiircnient goods, (i/. to 'i/. 10.<. ; trea.MMc, 1 per
cent.
Prriiiiii iif In.tiinnu f III! (iiimls (l.'ifb IVbrnary, li^IJS).
— To Kiiropo [not north of (ireat Untaini, 'Jk per
cent.; to Europe (north of (irear liritaiii) .'tl per
cent.; America and New South Vales, :t percent.;
Capo of Oood lIo|)P and St. Helena, 'J.^ percent.;
Calcutta, i! per cent. ; Madras, L' per cent. ; lioinbay,
2 per cent. ; I'ersian (iiilph, "J.V per ci'iit.; Ued Sea,
4 percent ; Cc>lon, Jl per cent.; Mniritins, 2 per
cent.; Bourbon, U'V per cent.; China, I.;, percent.;
Manila, l.J jier cent. ; .i.iva, \\ pi'r crnt. ; liencoolen
and PadanK (touching at Hatavia), •_", per cent.;
Malacca, .j per cent. ; IVnang, § per icnt.
The number of vessels under each (lag is thus
sliewn In l.^,'i:i-:M — Inifuiit Tdiiiin^r \hX\-:i\, Iiij
.vr/H ;)r-n'i,T<'i' I'fssrh . uiiilir irluit h'tms-t. — From
(iii'itl linhiiii, l!Hvesstls under Hnlish lla^; ('unli-
iioiliil Kiimiic, 2 Krench, 2 llnmburgh, L' haiiish, 1
Portuguese; Ixir iif I'niiirr, l' lliitish, 1 V'reneb ;
t'liiiKi.A'J British, I llaiidiurgh, 1 Danish, I Dutch, '.i
Portuguese; MinilUn, I .''i liritish, I Danisii, l Spanish ;
('iilcutld, :is British, 2 I'ortuguesi' ; Mn.lnis and CikisI,
'J lliitish, 1 I'ltiKh ; /!«Hi.''(i»/ and Cmiyl, \\ .'.ritv h, 1
I'Vench, '.» l'()rtu„'uese ; .//((///(/, 2 .\iab ; Mdiilincin, 1
Hritis!'. ; Cciilon, l liritish ; Mulnrci, .M'l British, H
Portuguese; I'liititii^, IIJ British, 1 Danish, 1 Portu-
guese, 1 Malay; Juni, ',\ British, 1 Hamburgh, ('<!
Dutch, 'J Cocliin Chinese; Siininlni, r* British, I
Hamburgh, 1 Danish, ."> Dutch, 2 Malay; Khin, I
British, I Wrench, 1 American; Sitiiii, .'i British;
liiiiiifi), ,^ British, 7 Dutch; Cixliiii Vhiiut, 1 P'reii'li,
2 Cochin Chinese; Tiiiiuiiitii, (i Britisli, 1 Dutch;
A'i'ir .Siiiitli Itfilrs, l.'iBriiish; liuli .and /'.'.i.v/c/vi /,-
liiiids, I Portuguese; fUiiirlmn, 2 I'rei.eh ; I niliul
Stairs Ami'iicii, 2 .American. Totals — ;(2.'') under
British Hag, '.» I'rencli, .'> Il:uiiburgh, •"> D.uush, .'<
.\merican, 1)2 Dii*'h, 1\\ Portuguesi, 1 Spanish, 2
.\rali, I Cochin CI i^u'se, '.\ Malay, tirand Total- -
I7'> vessels; tonnage, l.i7,2'.ls.
Notii'i' Vri'J't. — Statement of the number and ton-
nage of native vessels, prnlias, and Junks, which have
ini|iorte<l in'o and exported Irom Sinua|)iiri' during
I lie ullicial year ls;<;!-;il ;—
/;»/i(i;7.v — China, 27 vessels, 4,'il2 tons; Co<'hin
China and CaudMiJa. 4'.l, .'(.OIO ; Siain, 21, :i,7".i2 ;
I Kast side of the PfJiinsulii. 72, I,'""''!); Bcnen, l:u.
H,o;i(i ; Celebes, .I."), l,:ur. ; Bally, ('.:<, 1, ., (•,(•. ; .hivir
172, 2,'.»H(;; Sumatra, .Ml, :t,7H; Penang, h, .ijn
! Malacca, (10, 2,<'.08 ; West side of the Peninsula, tr,,
!:M1; Rhio, 2.''.1, :i,C.i;i ; Neighbour Islands, 22(i'.
I 2,07."i.
I K.iimrls. — China, ;» vessels, 1,117 tons; Cdiliiu
[China and Camboja, 27, l.'.ir.d; Siain, 17, 2,."i::7 ;
i I'.ast side of the Pi'iiinsula. 7<i, 1 ,.''i(;.'i ; Borneo, lis,
' H,2;«l ; Celebes, 102, 2,0 11 ; Bally, "M, 2,0 111; Javn^
I II, 2,120; Sumatra, :i'.»7, :i.:tO'.r; Penang, ."., 117'
; Malaci'a, M, ;i,Oo:i ; West side of the Peninsula, :ii;,
i 2.>0 ; lUiio, 2()l, ;i,s(;;i ; Neighbour Islands, 21 1,
2,0.''i.">.
: (iold forms one of the most valuable inipurts nt
' Singapore. The principal portion is from Pahiuii; mi
; the coast of the peninsula, and it is considered sii-
I pericu' to the metal brought from other places. Tlu"
i various places wlienee this important proihiet is
shipped from Singapnre will be seen by the retiiriiM
lor |s;ti :—
I'roin Ports on I'.ast coast of Peninsula: Paliuii'j,
l,2H."i bunkals ; Caluntan, .'100. From Borneo : l.ani.
has, 1,.M1H ; Pontiaim, I\X\ ; Soongai Uayoe, 117;
Papes, M ; Bintoola, 20 ; Banjar, Sec. ;i2. Suiiiitin
.laiiibie, lol ; Campar, KiK. Crlcht's islan I, .M'ld ;
otiicr islands, ,'tl. Total, H,10:'. bunkals; or bi.'i
ttillirs, :\ bunkals (n ciiltir is I lb. and l-;ir<l avoir
ilupois). The griater part of this immense (piantity
is si'iit to Calcutta ior opium, .\.e.
As a comnu I'ial mart and key to the uavigatKui el
the seas in which it is situate, this settlemeiit i i<l
I incalculabli' inipoitanee. We have seen by tlie tii;v-
going that it has sprung up within the short siiiieeof
ten i\r twi'lve years from a desert isle to a ricli aiiil
nourishing settli'iiu nt, exporting aniiuidly li.dOll.iMKi/.
j wcMtli of goods. It has two periodical journals well
I conducted; its inhabitants are imbuei! with a ' riiilv
' and independent spirit, and its tiade is as v.t hut in
i its inl'aney,
l\. Sdliinil I'fdihiflidii.i. — Prom the foregoing ilc.
script ion, it will be seen that the island can as yet li.ne
few indigenous product ions ; it is, in l.iet, a eoiniiui-
cial emporium, ami pr'bahly wil iievei be inueli iikhi'.
Its eh' f staple is the agariigar of the Malays | /'«i 'm
siifchnriiiiis), a plant like fern, which abounds 011 the
coral shoals around Singapore, and iirodiiees in Cliihii
from six to eight dollars per pecul, in its dry lMilk\
state. By the Chiiu'se it is converteil into glue, |i:iiMt,
ftc. itc. for gla/.ing their cottons, and sarriliee piipcr;
the tinest portion is made into a riili .jelly, wliieli
makes a delieioiis sweetmeat when priserved in syiii|i
The harvest of this sea-weed is from I'sOOO to 12,(iim
peciils annually.
Thei e are about 1 su'.:o manulactories at Siiiga|iipri'.
u'i\ing employment to 200 Cliinesi' manufacturers,
tin ipiantity of pearl sago exported from tlu isl.iiul
during ls;U was — to England, peciils I7,03U; Ciil-
(uM.i, 1,700; Bombay, '.170; China, :(<M) ; Cape, l."iit.
Hamburgh, 1,h70; Ameiii a, .'100 ; Madras, Jte. 7sil.
— total, 2:1,100 peciils. The sago is not grown in the
island, but brought in its rough state Irom Bcini"i,
.Vc.
Skction. I. T
was iliscovered i
iiliraifi," vol. 1
ihi' paridlels ol
(haas of 1 1 2.
Irom I'., to W.
S. of 2,000 mi
:(.(10(>,|M10 si|ua
mill', connectin
of the vast Paei
tiiiiis assigned i
divisions of the {
Asia . .
America .
Africa . .
Kiirope
.Australia .
II. Ill shape it
nnipared to a li
!|i|K'ars Ixniniled,
>ii'e|i iiionntains,
(Alend around tlu
>liurr, soaietiiiies
iwaii, nt other tii
|vrlmps treble tl
this raimc is, with
Wales territory an
I'Tiit nicnuiiiilii ; n
"11 the S. K. shore
irvt'l plain ; it is
ihnt the country c<
na's as in Sinitli ,
It has been asccrta
l.itiriini."]
On the return o
tlio S. Iienuspberi-
mast of New llol
«as resolved to h
I'ay, with the to!
nullier country id'
|irisimers, who wei
lo .ilfiii'd a prope
imaishiiient of llic
miisive and iiltmii
• fnv colony out o
linsoiiers would sn
iiiii^niiits who mig
I" time. With II
siil (if sliips, consi
armi'il tender, thn
I'sonihled at Ports
f. «id ;'.(;.". jimle, am
I'lisistiiig of a maj.
>'itialteriis, 24 noi
I'nvatfs. all of tlu'
"I tile marines' wi
\ithiir Philip, U. >
|«initr(l (jwvernor o
ii:<
Ho 'urn, l:!>,
I,.''"'''-. Javii.
nii^, M, r.'ii .
I'l'iiiiisiiln, ir.,
Islands, -Jiio,
tons; CdC'liiiv
n, 17, •J„'.;i7:
HclllUM), lis
•J,(>l:» , Jiiva,
iiiti;^, T), 1 17 ;
I'liiiiisiila, :ih,
lslan(l^ J 1 1,
)li' iiii|)i)rts 111
oni I'liliiMit: (III
(•Oll?ii(ll'll'll Ml.
r pliiciN. Tin-
lit |lll)(lll('t IS
liy till' riliirn^
isiila : 1'nliani^',
Hiiriu'ii: l.iiin-
i UayiH', H" ;
H'J. Siiiiiilitt
>s it.lnn I, riCiO ;
ikiils ; or 111.')
11(1 I -Hid av.iir
liu'liso (|Uiiiitlty
ic iinvigiitiiin ol
ii'ttli'ini'iit i'- "I
'I'll by fill' Invi'-
.' sluirt s|)iii'i' III'
li> to a I'icli mill
iilly ;t,lillll,i!lMi/.
Ill jiiiiniiils wi'lj
[il with n • laiily
is us yet lint III
forciiiiiiur ill'-
I as yi't liiiM'
t, a I'liiiiiiH'i-
iiiiiili II1UH'.
Malays [fn.ns
iililils nil tin'
iicrs ill t'liiiia
its ilry liulk\
:1m', |iaiiii,
iirritici' |i".|n'r;
ji'lly, wiiiili
u'll in s\iii|i.
1(11) 111 I'J.IMIll
uit Sin','a|i(iri'.
iianiifiH'tiiri'r'i,
(llll fill isl.lllll
17,0311; Cil-
I ; Ca|U', l.'iil.
ras, ,Vf. 7XII ;
,'iii\vii in tlic
liiiiii lliiiii'i,
IU)()K v.— POSSESSIONS IN MS ri{ AK- ASIA.
CIIAITFJJ I — NKW SOUTH WALKS.
Ski'Tiiin. I. Tlir vast islaiiil iil' New llollaiiil, which
WHS ilistovi'iL'il in llic lil'ti'i'iilli t'l'lifiiiy (sic " ('fliniinl
iihriiiii," vol. II. 1, limy In- said tii I'xfriul liilwii'ii
tlio imralU'ls of ll'.l. and 10. S. lafifiiili', iiiiil the iiu'ii-
ihaii.i of 111.', and I.Mf. K. Iiin^itiidi', with a wiiltli
Iniin I'', to W. of H.OOO mill's; a lucadth IVoin N. to
S. of "J, 000 mill's, a siipi-rlifial nira of 'iiiiri' than |
;!,0O(',OO() si|unrr mill's, and a coast line of S.OllO |
niilf, coniu'cfiii'j: 'I't'ira .\iistndis with flic navip;atiiiii i
of the vast I'acilic and liiilian Oceans. 'I'lic priipor-
tiiiiii iissifrncd hy ('apt. l>ii I'lccinct to the principal
liivlsions of the i;l(il)c an —
Krcncli Icnijiu's. rropnrtioii.
Asia .... -.M-'OI),!!!!!) ... 17
Anuricrt . . . L', 100,000 ... 17
Africa .... l,.")(",o,(M)0 ... 12
Kuropc . . . ;'>01,n7.'i ... 4
Australia . . . .'(s |,;!7.'i ... .f
II. In shape it is an irrei;iilar oval, or if may he
(■ iiiipnrid to n liorsi -shoe ; and, so far as we know,
j|i|ii'ars Imiiniled, for the inost pari, hy a ridi;e of
>trt'ii iiioiintains, of greater or less elevation, which
lAloiul around the coa-t, varyini; in distance from the
>liorr, sometimes appniiiehnis; williin ;tO miles of the
iici'an, at other times extendiii;; hack to iloiilile mid
ivrlmiis trelile that distance. The eoiinlry liehind
tins rKiiue is, with the exeiption of the New Sonth
Wall's territory and a part of the S. I'",, coast, a perfect
(■mi iHCdii'iii/;/ ; and, from what has lieen iihserved
"II till' S. K. shore, il may lie inferred that il is a vast
liiil plain ; it is iiioie iiatinal, howi'vcr, to siip|io»e
Hint the coimtry consists of exteiisivi' steppes or ler
riii's as in South .\fiiea. jTlie topoLrraphy, so far as
It lia'i lieen aseerfaiiied, will lie found in my "('d/ii/uk/
iibriini." I
Oa the return of Captain ('onk from his voyat;e in
till' S. Iieiiiispliere, and discoveiy of that par' of the
lunst of New Holland named New South Wales, it
<i:is risolveil to fiiiin a penal settlement at Molany
liay, with the lollowin;; olijects ; — 1st. 'I'o rid the
mitlicr country of the yearly increasing; miMilier of
I'lLsiiiier!!, who wereaecniniilatiiij; in the fiaols. \i\u\.
lo alfiird n proper place lor the siil'e custody and
|imiisliiii('iit of the criminals, lis well lis for their pro-
crtHsivc and ultimate reformation ; and, .'Iril, to form
afriT colony out of the matciials which the reformed
linsoiiirs would supply, in iidilitioii to families of free
iiiii;?raiits who miu-lit settle in the coiinlry from tiiiie
lo tiiiii'. With these laiidalile ohjecls in view, II i
'■111 of ships, coiisi'tiin of 11 fri|;ale ithe Siiins), an i
■iimi'il tt'iider, three store ships, and six transpori s, |
aisi'iulili'd 111 I'ortsmoiith. in ^lan■h, 17m7, liaviii;.' on
' 'Sill ;■(>.■> jiiale, and I'.lli female cuivicts, with a fjiiari!
"iisistiii^ of H iiiajiir-commandanf, three captains, IJ ■
"itialtfnis, ■_' 4 non-commissioned otVicers, and \l'iH i
|irivat<'s. all of the Uoyal Marines, loijether with 10 i
"I till' marines' wives and their children. Captain ;
\itlnir riiilip, IS. N., an c>;perienced ollicer, was up- |
h'liiti'il Lioseriuir of the new colony. The small .fli'il, \
with two years' provisions on hoard, sailed from the
Motherhink, on the IHfh of May, 17.'i7 ; loiich'd
for supplies and stock at Tenerill'e, Itio de .Janeiro,
and the Cape of (iood Hope; iind arrived at ti.eir
destination (Uotany Hay) on the Isth, l'.itli,iind '-'Oth
of .laniiary, I7mx, after a voyH|.;e of upwards of ei;;hl
months, of which four weeks were spent at the Cape,
('aptiiln I'hilip soon found that the descriplions which
liai! liecii sent home of llolaiiy Hay had lieen too
ll.itteriii); ; in the lirst place, the liiiy was open to the
lull sweep of the I''., winds, which rolled a tremendous
sea on the heacli ; and, in the second, the land, tliou;;h
di li'.;htful for Imliiiiiziii^-, was a series of swamps and
sterile sand, without water. !.ittle siispectini; that
one of the liiiest harhoiirs in the world was within a
h'w miles' distance to the nortliwaid. Captain I'liilip
proceeded, with lliiee h mis and some of his ollieers,
to examine what Captain Cook had termed llrokeii
Hay, where the Hawkeshin y diseiiihoi;ues ; hut while
proceeding; thither, he rcsolveil to exaniine an inlet,
which, in Cook's chart, was marked as a iioat liar-
hour, hut apparently so small as not to he worth
invest ii^atin;; ; Cook had, Iherehire, (lassed to the
noi'thward, and civeii the inlet the name of Port .hicli-
sii)i, wliiili w.is 'hut of the seaman at the maslliead,
who first descried it while on the look out. Captain
I'liilip entered hetween the lofty headi.inds to examine
this " hoat harhoiir," and his astoiiishnient maybe
more easily conceived than described, when he found,
not a boat creek, but one of the safest havens in the
world, where the whole of the Hritish navy mi^lit
securely ride at anclnu'. It is iia\i;;able for vessels of
any burthen, l.'i miles from its entrance, and indented
with iiiinieioiis coves, slieltered Irom every wind, and
with the finest iinelloiii;;e. Thilher the lleet was im-
iiiediately reinoM'd ; and the llritisli ensif;ii, on the
■Jiiih .lanuary, I7ss, was hnisted on the shores of
Sydiiev Cove, then thinly wooded, and alioiinilin;; in
kaiipiroos, but now the iiifani c.ipitiil of an enibryo
empire. The silence and solitude of the forest were
soon broken m upon by the re oundiii;; stroke of the
wooilmu.i'saxe; the i;ri>uiid was cleared, tents pitched,
the live stock landed, stores ilcposited, and the little
colony estalilisheil, the number of i ndiv id uals anion lit -
in^ to l,o:!0, wliieli, within half a century, has lieen
anj;nieiifed to liin,Oiii) souls. (Jreal dilliciilties were
ciperii need for several years, which iiolliiii;; but the
most extraordinary perseverance, iiideil by that nioiiil
and physical coiiras;!' which Uiilons possess In so
eminent a tle};iee, could have siiriiio nitcd. I'l'lie
liisliMV of thi' selllenicnt will be found in my " Vnlii.
Hull l.iliidnj." I
The |iro;;ress of the colony may be thus summarily
stilted, in chronological onler: — l7H'.»,oiie yeai afiei
the eslablishiiH'iit of the colony, fir.tl harvest reaped
(at I'araniiilta I ; \''.Ui. lirsl settler (ii convict) look
possession of the land allotted him ; I7'.M, tiisl brick
liuildin^ fmishid; 17!M, /''v/ purchase of colimlal
i;iaiii (I.JOO bnshel'i) by i^overinneiit ; I7'.ll, Jii^l
m
r m
I
i'.
m
if
ME
sy
414
NFAV SODTH WALKS.— GEOGRAPHY.
,'t
J!
In
m
church built; !7l)'i,. //»•</ l)lay ))erformc(l ; IMOO, .//V.s7
coppor coin circulated ; 1 H03, /ir.it newspaper printed ;
1804, Fort William h\iilt ; 180.''), AVvf vessel built;
1 M 1 0, /;•,«/ census, free school, toll-gates, police, nam-
ing of the streets, establishment of Sydney market,
races and race ball; lH\l, Jirst pounds; IHVi.Jirit
fair; 18 1. "i, ,/»'rs/ steam-engine ; IH 1 7, supreme court
established and yiM< bank; IH18, benevolent society
formed; 1819, orjjhan institution founded; 1H20,
_fir.<it spirits distilled, and Jirst colonial tobacco sold ;
1821, _first Wesloyan and Roman Catholic chapels
built; \H->->, freedom of the press granted, and ,first
agricultural and reading societies formed ; 1824,
charter of justice granted, legislative rouncil ap-
pointed, and Jirst court of quarter sessions held ;
1825, Jirst criminal jury impannelled,./>V«' archdeacon
ordained, ,first coroner appointed, and ,Hrst constitu-
tional county meeting held; \H2', Jirst daily news-
paper established; \H-29, Jir^t circuit court o|)ened ;
\S30, Jirst civil jury impannelled, and ,first college
founded; 18;U, ./!/•.«/ colonial steam-boat launched;
IM'2, Jirst savings' bank instituted; 183.3, mechanics'
school of arts formed, and a monthly magazine esta-
blished ; 1834 land sold in Sydney at 20,000/. per
acre !
List of Governors of tin' Colony of A'c//' South Wales
since its foundation: — Capt. Arthur I'hili)), 11. N.,
from 2(ith January, 178fi, to 10th December, 17'.)2;
Capt. Francis Grose (Licut.-Gov.), Uth December,
I7'J2, to Uth December, I7l»4; Capt. I'aterson,
N. S.W. C. (ycut.-Guv.), ir>th December, 1794, to
f.th August, I79.'i ; Capt. Hunter, H.N., 7th August,
179.''>, to 27th September, IHOO; Capt. P. G. King,
R. N., 28th September, 1800, to 12tb August, I80f. ;
Capt. William Bligh, R.N., 18th August, 180f), to
his suspension on 2r)th January, 1808. During Gov.
liligh's suspension the government was successively
administered by Lieut. -Col. Johnstone, Lieut. -Col.
Foveaux, Col. William Patterson, N.S.W. Corp.<,
afith January, 1808, to 28th December, 1H09. Major-
Gen. Lachlan Macq\iaru\ 1st January, 1810, to 1st
December, 1821 ; Alajor-Cien. SirT. Brisbane, K.C.H.,
1st December, 1h21, to iiOtb November, 1M25; Col.
Stewart, 3d regt. (Lieut. -Ciov.), 1st December, I82.'i,
to 18th December, 182.'); Lieut. -Gen. Ralph Darling,
19fh December, 1825, to 21st October, 1831 ; Col.
Lindesay, C. B. (Lieut. -Gov.), 22d October, 1h31, to
2d December, 1831 ; Major-Gen. Richard Boinke,
C. B., 3rd December, Ih3! ; Sir G. Gii>ps, 1837.
11. The genera' features of the New South Wales
territory consists of alternate hills, vallies, mountains,
and plains ; the sea coast has a range of lofty and
stee;. hdls (elevation 3,000 to 4,000 feet) running
nearly parallel with the coast, at a distance of from
40 to .'iO miles, and called the Blue Mountains ; the
intervening space being an undulating jjlain, inter-
sected by several rivers which have their rise in the
elevations just mentioned ; beyond which, a con-
siderable extent of table land stretches in every direc-
tion, gradually sinking towards the interior.
The territory is divided into 19 counties, and the
geogra|)liy of each will be found in my Cotunial
Lilirarij.
The British settlement on the K. shore of New
Holland, called New South Wales, has its boundary
imperfectly defined : it may be said, however, to ex-
tend coastwise between the paiallels of 'ifi and 2S S.
lat., or about 500 miles along the sea shore; while
the greatest distance yet settled inland can scarcely
be said to extf nd more than 200 miles. The portion
within which land may be selected, was fixed by a
Government irder, dated Sydney, October, 1829, nii'l
comprised 34,505 square indes, or 22,083,200 acres-
the boundaries being, on the east, the sea const fiorti
the mouth of the Murroo River (S. of Bateman's Bhv^
in 36 degrees to the mouth of the Manning River iii
32 degrees ; on the the north, the river Manning from
the sea coast westward to a range of mountains, jn-
eluding all streams, vallies, u, d ravinos whicli de.
scend to the rivers Goulbourn and Hunter; on tlu'
west, a line nearly along the meridian of \\» \\
long. ; and, on the south, from Mount Murray, in the
latitude of Bateman's Bay, to the Murroo River ii
3C S. latitude.
Sydney, the can d of New South Wales, is sitimtc
nearly equidistant from the extreme nortliem and
southern extremities of the county of Cumberland ;
it is built partly in a narrow ravine or valley, and
partly on the side of a gentle slope extending upwanis
from the shores of one of the coves of Port JnckMin,
and called Sydney Cove on the first founding ol tin'
colony. The streets are long (some one mile), wide
and (luite Knglish in their ap|)earance ; the hoiisis
are generally lofty and well constructed, interspersed
with cottages fronted by small neat gardens, which in
some quarters of the town are attached to every
house.
The houses rise in successive terraces, giving variety
to the scene, and conveying by their neatness and
elegance the idea of a prosperous community. Thi>
shops are fre(|uently laid out with great taste — tliev
are not, as in America, 'stores' where every articli'
may be bought under the same roof, but eac). ircV
or business has its own distinct warehouse, iiousc
rent is high at Sydney, as may be inferred from the
fact that building land has been recently sold jn
George Street at 20,000/. per acre I and sonu' ;;r(iiiii,l
is worth 5(1/. per J'oot ! Several private estahlish-
ments arc of considerable size ; auctit rooms have
been lately built by one individual at a cost of .'i.Odd/ ,
and .Mr. R. Cooper has expended nearly 2(i,()(i(i/, (,ii
his distillery. The firm of Messrs. Daniel Co()]ier and
Levy have expended even large sums in tieitnm
steam-engines, mills, Jtc; and Mr. Barnet Levy lias
built an excellent Theatre on speculation. Tlie liuttls
and inns are numerous and excellent.
The situation of Sydney adapts it for the capital ol
a commercial empire. Port Jackson is one of the
finest harbours in the world ; its entrance is throe
quarters of a mile wide, it afterwards expands into a
capacious basin, 15 miles long, in some places three
wide, and navigable for shij)s of any burthen at the
distance of 15 miles from its entrance—), r. seven
miles above Sydney, up the Paramatta River, ami
which for 1 2 miles further can scarcely be considered
more than an arm of the sea. Ships come up close
to the wharfs and stores at Sydney, and the cargoes
are hoisted from a ship's hold into the ware-rooms.
The town is about three miles in length, with two-
thirds of its circuit environed by the navigable coves
of Port Jackson.
A fine lighthouse was erected on the lofty K. head
of I'ort Jackson, by Gen. Macquarie; it is in I.at.
3.1.51.40.8, Long. 151. Di. 50. K. ; the tower is
admirably built; the height of the light (a rcyolvini;
one) from the base being 7(> feet, and above the sea
277 feet, — total 353. The inner S. lieu<l hears from
the lighthouse N. by W. i W. distant n mile and a
quarter. The outer N. bead bears from it N. hy K.
two miles. The inner S. and outer N. heads lie .N.
K. A K. and S. W. A, of each other distant a mile ami
one-tenth. The light can be seen from S. hy K. to
NEW
N. by E., and froi
eiaht to ten league
Hearings magnetic,
(leijrees E.
,\ B. The N. en
the inner S. head S
Norfolk Island,
enntains about 1 1,(
hrown mould. It i
•ine tropical scener
ITIM, it was colonii
Wales, for the pur
eiilony. It is now
praved male convic
Sew South Wales t
IV. The line of
New South Wales,
lioM perpendicular c
/iintal strata. The
hy sandy beaches,
and flat, the high la
tancc.
The strata of sane
upon ihe other in
tlieir original relati'
undergone any chanj
siliceous; sometimci
this state it is gene
situation it is soft an
Among the coal
with thin beds of wlu
stone. In fact th(
Bass's Straits to 1 9. :
Months.
January .
I'obruary .
March . .
April . .
.May . .
June . ,
July . .
August
Soptcniher
Octoher .
•Wniber
fecmher .
^^Iiolc Year
{!
{!
\l
n
U
^
w
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
The oh
NEW SOUTH WALYS.— GEOLOGY, MINER.M.OGY, AND SOIL; CLIMATE.
4!.')
I «-'!), aivl
!0() acres ;
•oast from
all's Uiiy ,
? Uivfr In
iiiing from
iitaiiis, in-
wliicli (Ic-
r ; on tlio
)r 148 W.
ray, in the
) Uiver, li
i, is sitiintc
rtliorii anil
imliL'ilaiiil ;
valley, ami
ng iipwanls
irt Jackson,
ding ot the
mile), wide,
the houses
interspersed
lis, which in
cd to every
iving variety
icatncss and
unity. The
taste — they
every article
it eact. irp'ie
Mse. ilousp
ed from the
ntly sold m
some Liroiiibl
»te t'stahlisli-
rooins have
St of 'i.tMHl/,,
litl.ono/. i.ii
Cooper and
n ereetin;
t Levy liiis
I'he hoteh
e capital ol
ne of the
<:e is three
pands into a
daces three
rthcu at the
•). ('. seven
Kiver, and
e considered
nic u|) close
the cars^oes
ware-rooms.
, with two-
gahlc coves
ofty K. licaJ
I is in i.al.
the tower is
l(a rcvolvim;
liovc the sea
hears from
mile and a
itN.hyh.
Iheads he N.
a mile aivJ
S. hy K. to
11
>'. by E., and from a ship's deck, on a clear night,
eieht to ten leagues, appearing like a luminous star.
Hearings magnetic, distances nautical — variations nine
degrees E.
N B. The N. end of the ' Sow and Pigs' bears from
the inner S. head S. W. by W. half a mile,
Norfolk Island, in lat. 2^.1. S. long. IfiS.lO. E.,
{■nntaiiis about 1 1,000 acres of land, generally a rich
brown mould. It is extremely beautiful, anording a
line troiiical scenery and a hill and dale country. In
i;;i|, it was colonized by the Governor of New South
Wales, for the purpose of growing supplies for the
cdlony. It is now used as a prison for the mos. de-
iiiaved male convicts, who are banished thither from
Sew South Wales to work in chains for life.
IV. The line of coast throughout the territory of
New South Wales, presents in general an aspect of
liold perpendicular clitfs of sandstone, lying in hori-
zinifal strata. The cliffs are occasionally interrupted
liv sandy beaches, behind which the country is low
and flat, the high land retiring to a considerable dis
tancc.
The strata of sandstone consists of beds lying one
upon ihc other in the most regular manner, so that
their original relative situation has evidently never
undergone any change. This sandstone is principally
siliceous; sometimes indeed it is argillaceous, and in
this state it is generally found over coal, in which
situation it is soft and very decomposable.
Among the coal measures, are (iccasioiially met
with thin beds of what may be called calcareous sand-
stone. In fact the K. coast of Australia, from
Bass's Straits to IK. S. Lat., presents ranges of moun-
tains rising parallel with the coast, and consisting,
with few exceptions, of vast conglomerations of sand-
stone. Mr. Berry asserts, that there is no granite to
be lonnd in masses near the coast, for an extent of
1,200 geographical miles. At the 19th parallel, a
chain of lofty granitic fir primitive mountains appears,
of various elevations, forming the barrier towards the
ocean for about .'lOO geographical miles, or to the
parallel of 14 S. latitude. Here the sandstone again
l>redominates, the land gradually dipping till it loses
itself in the sea tr the N. when coral reefs extend as
far as the eye car reach. An unbroken reef of coral
extends 3.'iO miles in length on the E. coast of New
Holland; and Captain King found the coral forma-
tions to extend through a distance of 700 miles, in-
terrupted by no intervals exceeding 30 milos in length.
[For further details see Colonial Lihniri/, Vol. II.]
V. The seasons of New Soutii Wales are the oppo-
site of those in England — January being the middle
of Summer, and July of Winter. The Summer ex-
tends from the 1st of November to the 1st of March ;
the Spring and Autumn are brief, but well defined ;
the Winter of a bracing coolness, with occasional
frosts at Sydney, and snow in the interior. The
Spring months are September, October, and Novem-
ber; the Summer, December, January, and February;
.\utumn, March, April, and May ; Winter, June,
July, ^nd August. March, April, and August are
generally considered the rainy months. The average
temperature of Spring is (')!>.'>., of Summer 72., of
Autumn Cti>., and of Winter ,').'■). The barometrical
pressure, is about 29.!)4319 inches, and the average
of the thermometer 64 F.
Meteorological Re
^istcr for Sydney
■
^
Therm.
•
Weather.
Barometer,*
Ci'2 feet above
CI
1^
£
Winds.
01
Months.
e
s
e
^
the sea.
o
1
o
o
s
S
S
S
3
•5
3
S
'c
c
a
C
'5
u
B
o
cn
■o
3
O
si
CO
January . . .
fMax. 30.300
\ Min. 29.430
68
9
101
fi3
10.5 1
.52
91
75i
60
S.S.E.
15
4
12
February . . .
[ Max. 30.300
\ Min. 29.C)H0
75
3.'-.
94
48
102
49
90
74
58
K.S.E.
20
4
5
March ....
r Max. 30.490
\ Min. 29..')80
74
10
83
42
97
44.
83
71i
60
E.
19
10
2
. .
April ....
f Max. 30.4.'->8
XMin. 29.772
78
40
87
.-•,3
98
49
83
70
57
W.
21
6
' ■
3
May ....
Max. 30.442
Min. 29.r.02
79
•26
74
35
73
61i
50
W.
23
3
..
5
June ....
Max. 30.3.'^i0
Min. 29.290
78
2r,
61
32
70
33
62
52
42
S.W.
20
I
..
9
July ....
fMax. 30.31.')
Min. 29.840
16
27
.'■)9
2f.
66
28
60
54
48
s.w.
17
H
5
August . . .
Max. 30.248
Min. 29.4K8
78
29
61
31
70
32
66
55
44
S.W.
14
9
7
September . .
'' Max. 30.3S0
Min. tl<J.:>20
79
18
83
34
86'
37
67
494
42
N.E.
20
••
8
1
• . 1 —
Octoher . . .
Max. 30.200
Min. 29.300
80
20
86
42
91
42
82
69i
57
N.E.
21
3
5
..12
November . .
Max. 30.220
Min. 29.8f.O
7fi
40
84
61
89
45
91
74
57
E. & W,
31
..
• •
. • • •
1
December . . .
Max. 30.110
"Min. 29..'>30
72
30
96
.VJ
101
87
75
63
N.E.
20
••
10
I
Whulc Year . .
Max. 30.490
Min. 29 290
80
9
101
26
1
105-
28
,|!>
;i:
n
ll
w
,,11; I
I i' .1
1 ,1 1
The obiirvations thus maiked (*) were made in IHJI, the others m 1832.
w
4ir,
NEW SOUTH WALES.— CLIMATE AND POPULATION.
!:i^^
I
If.
I-
Li Sydney, the thcrmoiriotcr is rarely below K) ; in
Paramatta, it is frequently down to 27. in winter.
Of course, ns the Innd rises above the level of the
ocean, a difiirence of temperature is felt ; flic winter
lit Uathurst, where the luxury of snow is in its season
enjoyed, beinp; nuirh enlili'r than on the seashore;
while the diiferenee of lat. between, for instance, Syd-
ney in '.U., and the parallel of Mnreton Hay in that of
2H., is considerable. In fact, every variety of cliniate
may be obtained ; tliat of Sydney may be in some
measure judged of by the foregoing metcorolo;,'ical
table.
During the summer months, a regular sea breeze
sets in daily, and refreshes much the inhabitants
along the coast, whobesi (es are not so much exposed
to the hot winds as those residing in the interior.
These winds have never yet been satisfactorily ac-
counted for. They blow from the N. W. three or
four timc-i every summer, like a strong current of
air from a heated furnace, raising the thermometer to ]
100 V. in the shade, and 12.'i when exiiosed to their
inlluenee. Tiny seldom hist more than a few days,
and are cleared olf by a thunder storm.
The salubrity of New South Wales is proverbial j of I
a community of l.lMtO persons, only live or six have
been known to be siek at a time, and at some of the
military stations, seven years have elapsed without
the loss of a man. , VL The Hritish colony, when established atSydncv
Although New South Wales is not subject to the Cove, on the shores of Port Jackson, 2('itli .laimary
periodical showers of the tropics, a large (piaiitity of 17Hs, consisted of only 1,0.'U) indiviiluais, of wlmn
rainfalls throtighout the year; hitherto the colony I upwards of 700 were convicts. Kniigratioii was fur
has been visited by a drought about every 12 years; many years studiously discouraged by some of the
the last one continuing from IhlT) to lH2'J, during authorities, notwithstanding which, owing tc the
which period, little or no rain fell, in the county of number of convicts st'iit out, and the fineness (if the
I'umlierland in particular. It is, however, more than climate, the po|)ulafion rapidly increasi'd, lour mi-
probable, that as the country becomes cleared and .v/vcv have been taken, and the augmentation .sintv
cultivated, such lamentable visitations will be less I I7HH, is thus shown: — 17mh, l.OMO; isiu, S.j'j.i;
frequent. ' 1h21,2'J,7h.'1; I82H, ;jf.,">US; 1833,71,070.
These enumerations are considered very inaccurate by those who know the colony well, especially that ot
H2S, when the settlers were apprehensive of the establishment of a poll tax ; that of \>*X\, is thus given for
each county, as also for the principal towns in the colony :-
The prevailing directions of the
arc thus indicated :—
n
inds at S-y(
IIC) j
had been assignei
I
202,O7r.<. per aim
pang, 1,1 !M in tin
1
-
W
M
.
7! i^'
^.
aanual ex|)ense ol
'A
y..
ui
/,
u
•fi
w
T
^
^
were in bondage.
y
.
!/J
X
y.
ifal
'■li
73
<n
<n
'
' Morning . .
4
12
4
1
9
8' 1
1
20' .'1 1
Noon . . .
7
11
129
II
3
2
^•'•^1\ :'3i!2 1
Evening . .
23
11
lO'J
,'•>
K
.'■.
"0 13 4,|5i4 1
1 ' ' i 1
1
— -." —
•5
■A
^'
75
'P
y.
■a
■ . 1
y '2
■fl
tn
'^
i?
i?
i?
<C
y y
1
Sydney
Pa rami
Liverpt
■
^— — . —
1
Windsi
Morning . .
8
10!)
42
4
118
2
r.i 4
>- 1
Kichmii
Noon . . .
II
S.-)
.')
2
10
— 1 2 IC.
8-< 1
Newcas
Evening . .
8
4.'.
3
1
8
— ' 3'ly .V 2l I
Maccpia
'
1
1
Maitluii
1
'ersons on the 1
Male.
ilstablisl
I
Free.
imeni
emal
Con-
Vict*
I'.
Total.
3
2
e.
O
ProtestanU. |
Religir
\i
»:5
m.
COUNTIES.
1
1
!^
Free.
Con-
vict.*
Total.
to
is
u
II
Argvie .
1008
1418
242f.
3.'i8
424
28.')0
173()
nor.
7
1-
Bat hurst
10.') I
8001
2931
404
119
.523
34.')4
2404
1034
C,
(•,,4
Hrisbane
CO
2081
222
r
1
7
229
147
82
—
[_
Camden
843
3r,9
2144
43.')
m
.'.Ol
2()48
IC.9r.
928
10
2iL'
C0(;k
r.M2
.'>27
99.''.
444
2f>
470
14C,.')
1079
383
'I
l{-
{'umberland
I529f.
31.")
23297
1048.-)
20r.2
I2.>47
3:!844
2(;049
9190
242
4;fi'-.'n
Durham
8 ('.2
2198
2943
29.')
(;,■>
3C0
3303
2308
987
7
1-
Gloucester
123
274
492
8.'i
r.
91
.'.83
4(;2
117
4
— 1—
Maccpiarie
100
—
f;27
72
4,'.
117
744
.')00
228
l(i
— —
Murray
ino
1879
47.'-.
33
•>
3,5
.-ilo
327
183
—
i_
Northumberland
1128
1123
3t;2fi
787
193
980
4(106
3174
1411
1.'.
ail
Saint \ incent
138
—
412
28
.')
33
41.')
30.')
80
—
— j—
Road Itraucb, iiiehuhin:
17
1879
i89(;
7
—
7
1903
932
93 C.
33
— ' •.'
Stockades.
3
Penal Settlements
38
II2N
11 cr.
13,
39
.')2
1218
1001
214
1
Colonial V»'sse'-j at Sea .
1»'.)2
—
992
~ 1
—
992
992
—
— — ]—
Total
I32.JI
2I84.-)
1
44f.43
I34:)i
2(;98
ir.i.-.i
r.079l
4309". '<
\
17238
34.". '.IfV'"
The most recent
.\hstract of the Nu,
Jil September 18;<
d
ml
COUNTIES.
Ariiyle
Halliurst
I Blish
Brisbane
fimden
Ciinihcrlaiid
j Hiirham
(iwrRiaiia .
filouccster
Hunter
I '*'"?
J .^liciinarie
I Jlnrniy
.V'irthumberland
Phillj|i
I Rosburgh
I Siint Vincent
I ^fii.nrelaiid
I Wilmiit the Bounda-
I rii's.
hnail,>t inin Gangs
I Ifiul Settlements
|Col„iiial Vessels at
ilJ
frtl'hil
• The prisoners in private service on I'cermbir .'list |8;il, amounted to 1'*,.'10|; sinec v.hiili |m
•II
Total
3 !l
1
1:^
II
.'3i;
NEW SOUTH WALliS.— 1'01'ULATION.
417
hnd lu'cn assigned, making a total of 20,207, the saving of wliiist! maintenance, at 10/. per annum each, was
:i02,O7ri<. per annum to the Government. The prisoners maintaincil by the exec:utive wttic '.Ih-2 in the niad-
gang, l.l'Jl in the chain-gang, (VIC) in gaols, and l,2riO in penal settlements, niaking a total ot'4,0ii'.», at an
annual expense of 4.'),41'.)/, The whole population of the colony was 70,000 person-s, (uit of which 24,27Ci
were in hontlngc.
Population of the Principal Towns in New South Wales
n 1833.
Persons on the Establishment.
Grand Total.
Relig
on.
TOWNS.
Male.
Female.
1
1
'A
u
i
r>':>:,H
>
'3
1
Free.
Convict.
•a
1
Jews.
Pagans.
Sydney
Ih:)-) ;mi;t
.-.ri.'u hh:)
(•.41!)
10232
1207'.)
3922
20'J 22
Paramatta
io;)o
407 14!)7
1004 VM't
1140
2r,37
223H
31)5
41 —
Liverpool
i;»'j
2;{7: 4M,
i;i!» 44
1h;{
fill)
477
140
1 1
454
1H7 f.41
189 4<J0
15r. 40 3.-) 7
12('.l i:> 272
<)!)H
7«)2
7H7
fir.<)
20H
102
3 —
Richmond
M\
1 —
Newcastle
ICO
22C.J ;»«(•.
7;*' 2(1 if.o
r.3f.
415
120
1 —
Maccjuaric
.'■)2 ■M4, 44 fi
(;2i 42 IK)
5.if,
34fi
17(1
14j -
Maitland
r.GO
(514
1078
55M
75
378
1456
892
550
6 2
The most recent data of the pv,;>ulation, are as follows :
Abstract of the Number of Inhabitants in the C'olony of New South Wales, according to a Census taken the
-M September 1h3<'., under an Act of the Governor and Council of 7th Wn». IV. No. 1, passed 5 July l83f(.
Male.
Free.
COUNTIES.
01 A)
> a
\r!;vle
(ifis
Hathiiriit
• 437
Bligh
112
Brisbane
' 220
Camden
1)05
lonk
f;74 !
Ciimbcrlnnd
12724
Diirhnm
740
(ImrRinna .
11)2
filiHii'i'stcr
I3H
Hunter
258
Kini;
11)4
Maci|iiarie
174
Jliirrny
.531
Niirtlmmberland .
13(11
Phillip
54
Rosbursh
51)5
Stmt Vjiircnt
150
Mliiieitiin
1 (-.3
WNiiiorelniid
1K2
\Villiout the Hounda-
125fi
nes,
Imil k Iron Oanss
11)
hiul Sdtleinents
17
Wdiilal Vessels at
1 1 75
va.
P"rt I'hiljp
T„i,.l '
,:,j
155
12H
13
51
301
30(;
4Hl(i
204
50
f.O
99
35
49
H2
4fifi,
142!
21;
19!
37
103t
c
o
o
3
linn
H()4
219
974
11 (is
3('.(;
7254
1749
227
520
225
2("t7
875
853
1780
lfi9
89 1
311
283
2(iO
1300
2190
i49;j
Female.
Free.
e2
^1
2 *
•2"-
< o
^ bl)
2 a
1929
l3r.9
311
1215
2374
I350;
24788'
2);!)3J
4C.9
718
582
43(
1098'
14(W>
3fi07
228!
1(!28!
512'
27f.
152
17
81
45 »
377
8454
287
fi5
79
119
fil
91
1 C,.!
9114
12
212
44
71 fil 25254
4fi5
38
479
fio
2fi59
IDC
2212
10
1.527
4
1 1 75
—
18);
23
55531'
1197
17fi
no:
27 fi
298
47:i(l
174:
3fi|
531
92
38
50
87
507 1
fi
100
25:
3fi
98
1
Ifi
57
27
: 825
51
A
4
15
9
fil
12
198
1
40
"1
5
^
488
3fi0
32
133
787
702
5009
515
1 (Ifi
13fi
22fi
108
202
2fi2
1409
19
352
80
fi5
c
'J
32
8
100
104
15
309
7
1
18
19
78
101
15
—
38
7007
2577
21557
2417
1729
37fi
1378
3 1 1; I
2052
39797
3208
375
854
808
544
1300
1728
50 Ifi
247
1980
592
530
579
29fi8
2230
lfi28
1175
224
Religion.
o
7709fi
U
c
«
S
o
OS
Ifil8
1243
27:!
1004
2158
1517
29090I
23()0j
3391
fi28J
fi3o'
327,
898
1089
3fi01
147
1415
430!
357
39:i[
1784'
1394
92fi
850
210
783
485
103
373
982
.531 —
0270 371
904
234
I75!
217
.^
37fi
24
fi30
H
1398
11
100
—
5fil
3
lfi2
—
172
1
185
1
llfi4
2
3
1
C3
5lfi21
829
fi97
325
14;
2 18
7 —
218118' 177
■m
!f
loo
4|M
NKW SOUTH WALKS.— POPULATION.
^
o
o
_(r>
o
1 QD 00 X 00 <X 3D X
_cr>^ ji *- w li "- o o
^1 Ci I^ O' 4- i- W to
CJin — OXICi*-?*
00 o^ o lo^o^i^ r> *. w
Ki \i u ic .u ;.'■ u >>
W O •£ Ct VO W to -I
4- li IC r It » a> 31
0% ^1 *• li W -1 X X
I— 31 i-i -1 ^1 vo w c
c. VI ui .u u M u ^:
W31"-LliX r>C31
IC V£ fi Vt — 31 ^l Ti
» IC — » —
<J O tC W O CI O -I
IC Vt 4- V< tD V3 9) VI
z X .(> •- M te ve o
vi •>! VI X tc 00 t^ te
m u o u X it>
Si 01
V" v
"- — X X 3> VI
31 Vt I *^ VC X
W — X. — X IC
•.■I w
O V
W U iJ IC —
C "I — 31 31
vs vi "- «-i o
W IC W IC —
en V O 31 V"
C IC »- 3 1 O
31 Vt 31 V» W
Cn IC "- W •—
VC -I IC tJ V3
re
c5 v v: vi X
31 i» to 31 -1
-> 31 *i Vi W
^ to to vo «
IC
■- VI C. Vi W
J» *- to X VI
31
W
.fc to tc vj IC
4- IC to 31 IC
Year.
H
o
O
08
9
3
p
n
§
n
TotaL
c
3
r*
3
5.-3
3 E.
o. j; "75
^ ,■ n
n 3
^ ^ ^
4. CO tC wO —
31 o a c XI
Oi IC O to lO
Total.
CS
c
o
3
o
2 3
[B. R. lH:if,.]— ("huroh of Knijlaml, Mirths, 12M;
Marriapt's, 472; Deaths, 110.'). Kirk of Scothuid,
Mirths, l«(i; Mnrriagi's, \Xi ; iJi-aths, V.i. Pciiiil
ScttlcimMits, Mirtlis, \H; Diatiis, L'l. Ko.nan CUhohcs,
Mirths, r,r>'.i; MarriBKcs, IC;); Dt-nths. I'l.-i. Total,
Births, J 120; Marrint,'i'8, 774; Deaths, Ki.'M.
lUturn of the Number of persons arrived in New
South Wales, since the year 1825.
Convicts.
Emigrants.
.
Grand
Year.
c
f
Total.
e
3
3
s
3
o
2
S
a
i?
fi
i?
^
i82r.
icc:-.' 2.".iii;»ir,
..
, ,
^ ,
1916
i«2r.
1723 100 1H23
, ,
, ,
, ,
lH23
1H27
210.') 4!»!) 2r.i)4
, ,
2604
1H28
234 1' 371 2712
200
122
274
596
330H
I82'J
3171 l'.)3 3C.r,4
306
113 U.')
:>r,4
422M
\830
27K2
44 J
322*;
\f,i;
70: 73
309
3.-.3r)
1831
233 1
:m\
2837
18.-)
i»8 174
457
3294
1832
2MH7
381
32f'8
81!)
706 4H1
2006
5274
1833
34 '.)M
(■i3.-<
4i3<;
838
1146 701
2*;k5
6x21
IH34
2704
i;.7
31f)l
.')71
:.y6, 3'.)/
i.-.64
4725
1H3.'>
3423
179
3C,02
.').'•) 1
644
233
1 I2«
,'')03()
1 h3(;
524
807
290
1621
1K(7
Viiiiilier of Coiivlclit arilvetl in llii' Ciilcuiy of New .s<iiiih
Wales from ls;in to ih:ii, m -Iiowii hy iiu' V.iIiim'iih I'f
liiilriitK iiiiiiii'il hy order of (JoviTiiiiHiil forihe iiiroriiiuii,,.
of til.' iiianUliiiKr!.. "
MALB8.
From
Kiiiibnil.
>Shl|ia. I>rla.
Irtliii
Ih:(|
IM.W
Tol.
II
7
I)
Vi
7
Kioni
lii'laiiil.
SlilMa.|Prl>.
; -iiiHl
I ItU
' 173.1 i
illHS I
IH77 !
1)1
From liiilln,
■I(it;il.
ShiiislFrla. !slii|is,
«3H.5
HIM) I
(KM
71)1
7HI
1)83(1 I 32
4(I7H
4
.■5
7
H
I)
3.1
II
•iJ
■J-i I
1(1 '
1.17
I!)
17
til
2t
'id
III!
I'EM ALKS.
|M.1(I
1
IM
•i
.'IKi , ..
..
3
18.11
V
•/l)(i
■i
2IIH U
2
IH.'IV
•i
•iis
I
1.13
.,
3
lf;i
3
37(1
■i
•iUl 1
1
IH34
-2
•iH'i
1
17.1 1
»
4
Tol.
10
1-240
8
1182 i 4
1
i
22
Prii.
27ll|
■m<.i
2r.i,i
.'ll|M
27III
I lll»,i
141
.'ilitj
:ii|
IkIN
4.'<H
■ivn
* The |iri<ionrr« hy dhlps from Kiiu'land an lo pir dm.
I'atliolio; lii'hiiiil 3 ditlii, l>r(>lt'>laMls ; in |h.1.>, ilnie
wcii'ii >lii|i» tiiiiii liclaiiil, I) lioiii liiiiihiiiil, mill mali' iwn.
>icl-, I ditto with li'iiiult', III adiliiloii to ihi- iiilsoiii-is by ilir
llivf utrcki'd at Jitnis Hay.
Return of Convicts arrived In New South Wales, fn .B.l
Ilrltlsh.
Year.
- -
Male.
Female
|H28
I.'ih2
IT!)
l^-'!)
JIMIH
:iitj
1 h;<i)
2111)1)
l-iH
Ih:II
1 1:)7
20(i
1h;i2
IHIO
24 H
lh:i:i
•27 lU
:ir7
In:U
l;l'2:l
'JHl
!»:).'>
2(i!(y
17B
1836
2iy5
274
Totals.
I7h;(J
2KJ4
Irish.
Male. Female,!
Total.
I
ll(i:l
()8.')
()!)2
'J2H
7!)4
7H1
1324
i)(!ll
81)7!)
I! 12
171
2!)H
l:i3
2lil
173
3!) I
I )ll
I ■-Tl-.'
:llilij
;i-.'.':i
'Jli:i:i
311!)
4 I'll
:ilii|
llliiii
:),v.':i
:iiiiiijii
Return of the Number of convicts in New South
Wales on 31st December, l.''<36, [li. M.J — /'(«//.«■/.
//<//i(rt/.v, Noifolk Island, 1247; Mi'icton May, ;;'i7;l
Port Miu'<|uarie, .Ml ; Hulk " I'liiiiiix," Ifit'i; (loatl
Island, 209 ; On llif imids in iiims, \\'t> ; 2n(lcla«|
convicts lliawarra, 123; Sydney (iiiol, 79; On Ihe
roiids anil Surveyor General's Depiirtini tit, 31/2; Mi-
neral Surveyor's Depuittnent, 112; Mediciil l)i|iiirt-
iiient, 9S ; Commissariat Department, .'"iH ; Ilydcl'arkj
Barrack, 61^0 ; I'l'inale Factory, l*arrnnialti>, :' "■<; llnlil-j
ing tickets of leave, 4,480 ; Fiu' private Hrvia',|
20,934 ; Total, 31,186.
Return of the luinilicr of I'ersoiis free hy scrvitiulc, .'\b"i«|
liitcly and cunilitiuiially puritniied fruai K'J to b.i6.l
II!. II. iNllfi.)
Free hy Servitude.
Year.
IH'JiJ I
1H3II I
1831
1832 I
ih:i3 !
Ih:<4 j
H3A I
I83li I
I-
Tutul.,
M.
K. •
H97
79
711
los
0'->7
122
810
l.'.3
1044
202
I3l.'t
2:m
IIII2
24()
IDIIS
•.'•JO
7788
I3(i:i
rot.
8l(i
111,-;)
l»(»2
I24(i
IS4!I
I •2.')8
I '2.^
M.
yi.'ii 66
lint
*■!.■ 1
loiK... 1
- . -. 1
F.
Tot.
••
"1
1
6
1
3
8
10
111
2
1)8
C'Diiilitioiiiilly
I'nrduucil.
M.
F.
1
27
S8
46
'244
!'
l().-,
.-.CI
•ii
Tol.
iCa
amioj}
ailauoBjHj
i. '^
'JU|pU3)]fi
X||i!jdu.ia I = 5
.5-Ee
'oqaio
2 -I
^1 I
cr
"■z
■n
c c
X Z
rtn
iS
H
s^
c a
3»S
is
K
=1
P
1^
NEW SOUTH WALKS.— RF.I.IfilON
r New Soiiili
V'lhiiih'H ii(
' iiifiiiiimii.iit
Total.
.Slii|i«.
I'll...
\:i
■2?M|
17
•i:i-i'.i
•n
v:,.i
•u
;tl;M
•in
•ihn
lui
111)83
3
141
(1
.'UNI
a
;t,M
(1
li3H
^n
4
4iH
s
■n
•Jin
L^
■ 10 |itr iTiil.
II IHj.'i, tliire
-
nil lliair cull.
lisiiiii'U liy tlir
=
rales, [B .B.]
It.
V
1
" ' 1 Total.
f
nale.l
1
'X
MC2 vria
il
irt
illilij
;^
.ilCi
Mi:,
L><|H
•Jli:l:l
t
1;13 1 ;I11D
21)1 ' IIM
i^
i;:) :iMii
■M'mi
MM ' ii-'J:!
)ii .m'jii
-
11 Nrw South
:
— I'i'ii'il .«■(.
m IWv, ;:■!■;
" icr,; dual
3
fiL* ; ■-'nil claH
^
7') ; Oil till'
lit, :w ; Mi-
^
iliral Di'piirt-
., llvilcl'ark
il,:-7H;l|nlJ.
\;ilo hcrvicc,
c-rvitmlp, aliMi.
1 l^jy III i"iS.
(.'DiKlitinimily
Hill
iluncil.
1
la;
15N
III
ll
III I
>. bl)
CO)
hs
3»
■r-o
SI
:/; A ^
2>5-i
a
E
Sa!
,3
? Si
1
■ • ■
• -^ •
a
§L
a
• « •
•^
• jj •
; c3
■<
! S
^'
e
i
o
B c«
a
•aqaio
to .
« %
So
= 5
^3
11
J3 S
1".
o
§s § s
s §
e
^ •» *
t
I1 1
s
S
o
a.
e s
a at
o . !
il I
.-• — •/SO
a
o
I
w
,S£ ^
c
o
"1
! I t
e
5
.a
I I
Ed
Q - 03
9
v.
o
5
•e rt
E =
U c
*** ^^
c o
c.i"
§ =
ki3
C 9
rtcq
■o .
a
jS .
a
a
li
fet.Si °j:
a.
2S
«. o
o _
3£
aa
Ji£J
I-
5S
a""
<" -.
it
c -
£|
4^ S
l« o
a ■
■g &
.a a
og
i
u
o
.3
S3
SE
'■Si
o 2-
o a
= 2 C*
a
n *"
.3
E
Si >^
a o
a
a
a
^5
** en
c a
it u
p a
.aa
3 12"
"if
^ fa
la
I
i
1
11^]
"1
■f
] f
lift
lif
IB
i
420
NKW SOUTH WALKS.— KDUCATION.
VIII. Bcltooli of New Hnulh Wali-i. [B. B. 1836.]
Cuiinty and
ParUb.
Cumhrrlanil :
St. John .. .
St, Philip ..
I'lihlic or Free
SolionI, and whcro
Bltniiteil.
Number
Snlnry nf of Hcholam.
Srhdolinanter or
SchoolmUtrcHa.
Ml. Fm. Ttl.
Collegei.
Kinir'a Hchoul, Para-
matta. I
Australian college,
Sydney.
St. lAwrcncc . . Sydney college,
St. Philip
St. Jamc».
St. Andrew
St. John . . . .
CaRtle Hill .
Field or Marx
St Luke ..
St. Peter
Appin..
NarcUan
Head mr. ino(.
Head mr. 100/.
and luo/.
3rd 70'-
Head mr. .lOS'.
•ini\ 140/.
:ird liri<.
4th lo.^/.
Parnrhial,
.Sydney, primary
1 I
j Ditto, infant .. .. i
I I
Ditto, primary.. .,i
lUitto, inlant .. ..j
'Ditto, infant . . . . |
{Ditto, inlant .. ..i
Parramatta, primary
Ditto, infant ..
Ditto, female orphan!
Hcliool.
Do. (7 hills) primary!
Ditto
Ditto
Diindas
Ijinc Cove . . .
Liverpool, primary
Ditto, male orphan
school.
Campbell Town
Ditto
Ditto
Cnlramatta
St. Matthew .
Ham C( mnion.
CuHtlcreagh .
Pitt Town.
Camden :
lllnwarra ..
Bathurst :
Bathtirst .. .
Northum'ierld.
Christ Church .
Maitland .. .
Macquarie :
St. Ttiomas
Penal
Settlement :
Bringelly
Windsor
Kurrajonii
Iticlimoiid
Ditto
Penrith
Wilherforcc . . .
Windfcor
Sackville Reach ..
Poitland Head . ..
Freeman's Keaeh . .
Lower Huwkcsbury
Wollongong
llathursl
Newcastle
Maitiand
)!)/. unlary, ;«)/.
house rent.
Ml. salary, ;iil/.
house rent.
(i.y.
JO/, salary, :10/.
house rent.
,'.0/.
40/.
Head mr. iO'Il.
2nd LI/.
Ist .to/.
■2nd :)0/.
Ist l:i(i/.
■ind •Ml.
Ml.
.10/.
so/.
40/.
40/.
so/.
Ut ISO/.
■Jnd 4U/.
so/.
:io/.
so/, salary, lo/.
house rent.
10/.
.'.()/.
so/.
6()/.
4ft/.
SO/.
52/.
41/.
■Ml.
40/.
2.'i/.
40/.
50/.
■Ml.
Port Macquarie
40/.
52/.
SO/.
Moreton Hay . . Brisbane Town
III)
I go .
ltH4
811
120
1)0
W)
81
SO
3H
21
IS
:)S
24
10
40
ISH
no
84
11)0
Mode of
Instruc
tion.
Classical.
ditto
ditto
.184
31 120
lUl 221
-I 131
38 137
Madras.
ditto
ditto
ditto
How
Hupported.
H>.i
n
Remark •
II y govern-
ment. Hi hy
the parents
of students
lly the pa
rents of the
students.
ditto
;» i.sj) ditto
(il l:ir ditto
.. 50 ditto
39 77
I
179I 179
25
28
2«l til
24 48
25 24
14
18
I
l{
3!»
22
38
13
23
25
15
IS
12
10
II
14
16
5
24
16
40
13
16
IS
21
12
l(!
<)
12
16
16
18
26
82
158
40
28
34
fi
63
3N
"H
26
3y
40
4ti
2
22
19
23
25
54
39
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
By govern,
ment.
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
illtto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
dico
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
38 ditto
Total number attending | '
parochial schools .. {1323 I090'24I3'
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
100 82 hiarilers at •.'»(.
per aiiiiuni ; vn ii.iv
Hcliolars HI/, iir li/
per aimiiiii, mcnrd.
iing til their ailvariLY.
ment.
394 Thetwonrnfi,* r,
lare allowtd. imuiiii.
tion to till Ir sKiary,
(iiielhirdof iliuKriMs
lamount of the ela,,
fees and afreelioiKo.
1177 , Head niasti.rnilr.w'
cd a free hiniHc. ,\ll
students prr^cntcd
!by a sliarehiiidcr, ;,l,
per annum ; not pre.
jsented anil uniler 10
jycars ol iiuf. w. .
.abiive III, \>l.
All free scliuoU.
Total expense of
Episcopalian schools
106
140
123
141
15!)
Kir
117
124
2370
■«
60
72
5-
50
73
30li5
63
45
76
13
6s
59
HO
SI
S6
52
43
31
411
23
*7
60
' Each nf the nm*.
ters ot the parnolih;
schools with n h-v
exceptiinis receive
an ttlldwanie of \il.
per day, (or every
iebiid in aetiinl at-
tendance, wliieh is
paid by (C'lveriinicnt
when till' |iiiteht« ilii
not possess mi'nni.
Such sums an- In.
eluded in the column
• expenses of cHih
school."
Kalnry nf scliodl.
master raised (rum
120/. to 111/, since Is'
May
35
87
S6
6u
19
•1933
9!I4 1
Stationery and
school books, 56:1'.; i
additions ami repair" |
10 fclinoi hoiiH',
1370/.) total, l!i;t.i.«
Name of tlio
Count
County
.Sydney
i'arramattu
Campholl
Town.
(,'ouiity of ^
Maitianil
Krecting a sriion
Ki'imirs to schoo
Sydney . .
Each master of 1 1
IX. Convictions in 1
of (iimrtor
>
Supreme C
*■ — -
Felonies. !
IH2K
1«:'9
mo
IH.'U
iH.12
ih:i;i
1834
in:i5
|N.3f)
lH.37
197
244
2C!»
20.')
22.')
2111
272
2;u
ICH
On the l8t Aiipust,
ceased for cattle stciili
house ahove !>l., am! I
.'&;<, Gnl. IV. caps.
of such ott'cnces thercs
tif Quarter Session.
Mft, l.'i.") prisoners re
Return of the nun
Supreme Court of Ne
[B. ».] Before Jiirii
liiforc two Magistrates
I", defended cases, 9(
NEW SOUTH WALES.— CRIMK AND GAOLS.
Return of Roman Catholic Schools, [n. B. \H3fi.]
41' 1
Nninc of the Parish, nnd in what
County or District.
County of Cumberland :
Parish of St. James
Sydney
Parramatta
Campbell
Town.
Salary of
Schoolmaster or'
Sclioolmi»tress. j Male
No. of Scholar*.
f M
II)
Master 'jn/.
itto •-'()/.
Female; Total.
St. Philip ,
St. John
St. Peter . ,
Appin . .
St. Matthew
County of Northumbcrlaml ;
Maitland
Krccting a school-house, Paramatta. .
Ki'pnirs to school-house, Kent-street,
Sydney
Total
Mistress UDI.
Ditto 10/.
Master -JOl.
Ditto •Mil.
Mistress 10/.
Master IH/.
Ditto 2i)l,
r Ditto '>0l.
I Mistress 10/.
l.'i.l
1'.'
4r,
71
■ f,3
r,\
>
109
23
77
M
Mi
I,'..''.
121
69
123
77
12.')
119
2'>
102
1,2
In what
anocr su
ported.
c y 2
manner sup- ^ g ^
.^odi
Bygoverumnl. £107
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
."188
390 , 978
97
82
ll.')
23
8f.
89
17
83
340
13
1138
Each nia.ster of these schools receives a \<l. per diem for every child in actual attendance, in addition
to his salary.
IX. Convictions in the Supreme Court and Courts
of Quarter Sessions since 1828.
(A
Supreme Courts.
Quarter Sessions.
2
>"
Felonies.
Misdm.
Felonies.
Misdeni.
IH2H
197
20
Returns no
t called for
1829
244
29
for the B. H. for
1H30
2f(9
C,
these years.
i«;u
20.5
2
100
.54
IHS2
22.5
10
12H
f)2
ih;<m
219
11
22.5
110
IHH4
272
11
32.5
77
lH;t5
231
1
442
97
iw,"}*;
1C8
4
—
—
1«37
On the 1st Aujrust, 1833, the punishment of death
ceased for cattle stealing, and .stenling in a dwelling-
house above .5/., and forgery, by Acts of Parliament
J&3, Gnl. IV. caps, (i.'i and 123. A great portion
(if such ott'cnces thereafter, were tried bv the Courts
"(Quarter Session. At the close of May sessions,
l''3(i, 1.55 prisoners remained in gaol f( r trial.
Return of the number of civil cas » lixed in the
Supreme Court of New South Wales during 183r>.
[B. n.] Before Juries; Common, i Special, 14.
li(forc two Magistrates assessors ; uno ;fended cases,
I", defended cases, 98, total, 298.
Return of the number of prisoners sentenced to
transportation from the colony of New South Wales,
by the Supreme Court, Courts of Quarter Sessions,
and Police Courts.
i
Supreme
Quarter
Police
Total.
>
Court.
Sessions.
Courts.
1H31
140
30
24,5
41.5
\KV1
1,57
fi
99
2C,2
\x\\.\
149
38
—
187
1 H34
1C8
I4(;
314
1835
1C>8
2tir.
—
434
I8;jr,
31
r.i
—
92
1837
In October 1H32, the power to transport was with-
drawn from the Magistrates in summary jurisdiction,
by the Act of Council, 3 Gul. IV. No. 3.
Many cases are now adjudged by the Petty Sessions,
that heretofore were decided by the Superior Courts
only.
This return includes prisoners whose sentence of
death has been commuted by the Governor and Exe-
cutive Council, to transportation. On Tith July,
I83f>, tenders were called for in the Oflicial Gazette,
for the conveyance of 120 pe sons to Norfolk Island.
As the state of crime in our penal settlements is
deserving of the most serious attention, I have given
every public document under this section which
would convey information on the subject.
111
: i,i
I
'i
i
133
NFAV SOITTH WALKS.— CRIMK AND OAOl.R.
Kctiirn of Crtniinnlx cxcrntpil in New fioutli W»lc»
In the year ls:iil (II, II.]
OPPKNCBR.
S .
►-,::'-
*, »1
.1 ' fr'
^
Religion.
1
it M
1| i
M
Total
?:
X« »-
i
G
?i
i
si
s
r,
1
liis
?!
^
i
.1
j.
£ £
u
5 .. 1
a:
U
PrntestantH . . . .
.
Kiiiniin C'ntliolli'i
i
M
1
i .
:i
i
Total.. ..
4
N
1
• ■
3
1
9 ■
1
ft
31
in
10
■ill
Return of the number of ofTciulcrs convicl I in the
Supreine ("oiirt of Criniiiiiil Jurisdiction nt vdnuy,
New South Wiiles, in IhlU'i; distiiiguisliuig the
oHVnceH of which convietid, and Rhewiiig the number
of capital convictions.
Fi'liiiiiix. — Offences against the person: — murder,
K'l; manslau;;hter, II; rape, 2; ahootinf;, stabbing
&c., IH; hij;hw«y roliliery, 2'.i ; total, <'>!>.
Otfences against projierty : — Cattle stealing, 20 ;
hor.se stealing, 10; burglary, 10; stealing in dwellirig
houses anil putting in fear, H ; house breaking, .'< ;
stealing in dwelling houses above !'tl., 2 ; larceny, li2 ;
receiving ("ic, IH ; obtaining mon'.y under false pre-
ten(es, 1 ; total, h<).
Miscellaneou.s : — Forgery an'i uttering, (i ; bigamy,
I ; unnatural crime, :< ; permitting the escape of a
person eh.nrged with felony, I ; accesanrit s to feh.nn^
:» : total, I ».
Total number of fcloiiU'n, tfi>«.
Misdeminnours : — Asi .ult. 'i ; ciliipirttcy, ■.> ; tc)l:i|,
4 ; capital convictions, Tj
Criminals executed 1829 to IBSO. [B. n.]
>•
Religion.
i
e
Total
of ea( h
T.
»
f'li.
IH29-
Protestants . . .
Homnn Catholics .
G
•2\
28
24
:>'>
f
Protestants . .
ir.
22
1H30
Roman Catholics .
7
■_'n
27
.
.'ill
Pagans . . . .
1
—
1
1M3I'
I'rotestants . . .
3
10
13
■
32
Unman t^atholics .
3
ifi
19
1M3J-
Protestants . . .
1
1
o
Roman Catholics .
1
9
10
1.'
|W3:»-
Protestants . .
1
9
10
Roman Catholics .
r,
l.l
21
'
.11
'
Protestants . . .
—
22
22
ih:u.
Roman Catholics ,
—
20
20
■
II
I'ncertain . . .
—
2
2
•
Protestants . . .
2
1.'.
17
"
183.'. •
Roman (^othoiics .
Pagan (aborigines)
J
1
18
1
III
I83f.-
Protestants . . .
2
14
hi
•
Roman Catholics .
3
7
10
Total . .
51
...
287
'N7
Return of the Gaols, and the No. of Prisoners* in New South Wales in 1836. [B. H.J
Il^
9.ui
•C c .£ .
1
Is
c
(l>
a
•s
u
Q
ha
c
a;
a
is
?l
ts
£a
25
1
§
Cases (it Sick
HUSK K Uealli
Name of the
Prison and where
situated.
u.S=;a,Blr =
g ° '^ S U t. 'v,
3 -.Si
S3
s-g
a
II
Si-c
a
a 1
« !
i
a
1
2005
1 ••
IS
§■*
a.
102
4
224
3
3
'21
209
(J2(i
1 1
15 3 ..;=' J
i
1718
192
Hsn
127s
SOU
H90
HHl
1197
771
s
3
_^
H»
1H7
ifi;
IIU
240
37:i
i
3
••
192
••
••
3
«
S
793
;;
70:t
IH.l
183
6
H
:?,
922
••
922
i
B
132
132
•a
s
S77
577
01
a
ISH
l.-iH
■a
113H
I13H
•a
1
1.V
157
0^ SSI =
(Jaol .Sydney . .
Debtors' Prison,
Carters' Ilarracks
liulk Hlurni.x . .
Parraniatrh .
Liverpool . .
,,; Cainphell-
'S < town . . .
5 Windsor . .
Bathurst . .
, Newcastle . .
11
MO
40
2()l
I'iO
70
3H
50
70
200
610 15 ..
:i 1 1 1
157 >* ' ■•
10 .. 1 ..
Ill 3 ..
IHi A 1 i
82 16 1 5
, 1
Total . .
II
1032
H4iri
i5;iH
192
25 j 200,1
938 4S : !)
1 1
* Allowance ui pribonerb per week, t aeli. Felons, .'14 ll)s. of wlicaten liread, 5 j lbs. of maize meal, 1 i lbs. of fresh
beef, 3i lbs. of vijfetables, 3 oz. of salt, Ij oz. of soap. Witnesses ike. 8^ lbs, of wheaten bread, ;)i lbs. of
maize meal, 7 lbs, of fresh be- f , 7 oz. of sugar, aj oz. of salt, I i oz, of soap.
Pri
No.
of Prisoner
;i iMide Pm. To
|MjM3r.ll
ih;,".i!2.'i.'i4
ih;iii|
h:ii;7l.''>2
is:l' h21."i
iM;i:i,Hn.i
is:irH7N0
iH;i.'.|y484
Is.'IC. •441(1
is;i
721 I:
937 3
20:. 1 9;
2110 IO.-<
2I'W; Ion
■MU) III
24:i,''. II!)
I.'>38 'JiJ
lUtiirn of the No. o
during the last
and the number
511
■s
t
^!
e
*^
i ' °
3
5
>
d
^i
— ... —
■■
m.
f.
{■*■><)
n
,
10
4
Kill
a
,
9
.
M]
IH
.
ir.
2
M2
1.'
1
9
7i
.III
■hi;)/ /(( .Muiilrr,
iind Miiim
\x>'J
I7| . 41 10
\m
4.22
M\
1-2 .11 1
M2
l.'.l l| 9 7'
M
i.«jy
')
,
1
''I
ih;i()
4
1
4
1
ix;ti
2
,
1
'NlJ
4
•
. 2I
h.'Ql
fil . ' 2
2
1 villi;
al . ; 2
IsHll
si . 1 2
3
Mt
3! . 1 1
•>
/■«»(
[>*■>'.>
3 . . 1 li
iN.'iO
2 . 2' '
Kil
3 . 2i 1
l>;ij
1,. li
l«2!)
3
1 S
\m
\x?,l
.'> .
2
3 1
1-3:'
c!. 2I
4 i
l-J'j,
13
1 .51 r^
l-:f(l;
7
I 3 4:
KM,
4
. 4I
i-a^
1;
1
5:
|i
Tot III.
:n
II
\-
2»1
1*
— .—
ill) li
:i 1
.1; s
1
1(1 ..
Hi :)
\t 2
IS' ;i
;)
HV It)
h
IJIW 4H , D
1 I
i>l fresh
IS. of
NKW SOUTH WAI.i:S.--(.KlMK AND UAOI.S.
PriHnnrr* in the (Molit of Npw South Wales throiiRhoiit earh Year. [li. H.]
4Ja
No.
of I'riHoneri.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Miidcmcanourt
No.
of Fclonn .
No. of
tricil Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried I'riHoner*
.
'/•
Male
1
Fm. Total.
1
Male
Fm.|Totl. Male
1 1
Fm.
Totl.
Mule
1
Fm.|rotl.
1
Male Fm-ToM.
I
Mall
Fm.
Toll
1
\*l*
3.'. II
721 1232 ti'i
1
'.M
INC
C.Ofi
HK2 21t>l
2:.
22 m;
427
■'.1
47m
IK'.o
r.7;»
2f.2!»
none
\*'i.'i
J,').'.4
'.»37 3lyi
•jM'i
22
307
1231'.
•J02 213H ir.i
13
174
3 If.
27
313
I3C,C,
'.MO
227C.
1
IHIIII
KU
7ir.2
20.VI 'J.'idC.
274
12
2N('i
4h:13 l!)30'f.7f)3 l.'>.')2
112
ir,f,4
lU'Jl
I'.I40,<'>931
I3'J4
102
I49('.
none
|s;ij
M-j 1 :.
2 11 r. 1 iKi.'f 1
20.1
II
21')
1073 134.'. 241H 4'jr,
71
.^(•,7
1412 I3M7
2 7 '.)'.»
3f.2
43
40M
I
iH;):t|Hli.''.
2I<W'> KIMHI
223
7
230
H.'.l I37'.»|24:«0| .'.34
.')»
.'.HH
123',l
I3<J0
2C.2'.t
'Mi
.'.0
<> 1 •)
I
lH;irM7''ii
■MA) 11140
377
10
3H7
1233 1477127 10| .'.30
4.''.
.'.7.-.
llH.-.
lir,:.'
2f.47
NHN
f.7
y.'..'.
3
in:i.'.
'iXM
24!t.1 ll;i7!»
3,'.3
ir,
3r.!»
lir.H
1031 2202' r.20
\h
M^U
72.1
y42
lf.f.7
1310
14'J
I4.'.y
.'.
ixsr.
i4Wi
i:)3H '.»y.-.4
1 '.»2
3
I'j:)
71(3
183
'J7f; 922
132
10.'. t
.'.77
l.'.H
73.'.
113H
1.'.7
12U.'.
7
|hH7
lli'tiirii of the No. of Persons ehnrprd with f'riininnl OlTenceH in New South Wales and Vnn Diemen's Land,
(liiriiiK the Inst seven years ; iliKtln^iiisliin»; thr niimlicr in eneli yenr, the number eoiivicted or nc(|uittcd,
Hiid the number of those Kxecutod who reii iviil Sentence of Death.
Murder.
1
•s
*^
g
.y
w
E
c
•J
6
m.
f.
[•'■•'J
17
10
\<w
'.»
,
!>
|h3I
IK
.
If.
\*V>
1.'.
1
!)
i
f
1 Death.
1 Executed.
4
10: H
,
•V 'J
2
10 9
7
9 3
1 -t
,
^
4-1
S
ii
j:
ii
B
.a
c
M
3
8
§
g-
Q
>« 1
u
<c
u
im.lf.
lH33i IH 3
11
10
7
7
IH34 31 .'.
20
l.'.iio
7
IH3.'.| 3f; 4
1
19
IH
10
7
.Itlrnipt to Mnrihr, Shoiilins- at, Stahhint:-, Ciltlin);;
ami Miiiiiiin^, iriHi intfiil, .\r.
m'J
17
,
\m
4
.
in;ii
12
\<Vi
1.'.
1
4'
2i
111
91
01 2
2iiiH3;'.
IN 3 11
2I 1
1 !lH34
31 .') If.
li .'.
5 1H3.5
ill
18 . 17
7i f.
1
;")
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
•>
,
1
4
,
.
1)
Mimsliim^hter.
JIN33
IH3l'
|1«3.-.|
lOilOl 2
I9I !l| H
1:131 .1
('nniituriit Op'riue.
\m
3 .
mu
2 .
l»31
3 .
Is;) J
1: ■
l^'Jill 3
|H.10|
l«l| ,'.
h3:'l f.
2'
2i
li
I 1
1n33| 2
1N34| 10
1N3.'> 3:
\-\
2 3
3 1
I
Hi'^hifitij Hiililirrif, liiishriiinrimr, at lari^e with
pru-iiniis, Xfc.
IN29
1N30
IN31
1N32
1N29;
IN.'to'
1 n:m
1N32.
1829,
lS3o'
iNIUl
1H32:
■g
C
a
e
U
m.|f.
4r> .
32
37
4f.
20
21
.'.»
42
44
37,
37'
21,
•s
33
2»
2'^
3f.
■s
■s
s
3
g-
<
■A
10
19
11
7
11
9
.'.
19
3
N
21
.■>
m.|f.
1N331 H-2\ .
IN34 l.'.M 3
lH3.'i'lll
i
i,
1
'>
3
J5 '
e
O* I «l {
y ■ 5
< 'Q
.')N
3 20
111
47142
H9
21
30
s
14
20
10
Cuttli; Hurte, uml Sherp Stmliwj;,
14,
IHl
17i
271
29
2.'.
29
If.
7
3 1 1 NH3
25 .
l.'ii 10
4
4 ' 1 N34
114 1
f.2! 3f.
N
3
2' 183.'.
118 1
C7! 35
2I
.331
10!
liur<^l(iry.
1 11 1 : 1 N33
13 7 f. 1«34
7i 7, i;,1835,
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1835
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424
NEW SOUTH WALES.— CRIME. GAOLS AND GOVERNMENT.
Explanatory Recapitulation.
TOTAL.
Received Sentence of
Death.
How subsequently
Sentences passed
on those
TT IT
Com-
mitted for
disposed of.
ConvictL't
.
low uisposcc
ot.
■
,
,
1
1
O)
(U
tn
■2*
j Hard Labour,
Trial.
CJ
C
hi*
*-> ^
Transporta-
Imprisonment,
Commutc'il
i3
;2i
c
o
<
Death.
tion.*
J Factory and
Fines.*
Executed.
or
Reprieved.
Male.
Fern.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F.
M.
F
1829
478
34
266
131
74
41
68
1
112
6
6£
10
52
^^
5
1
1830
406
44
269
109
26
46
44t
—
120
5
87
13
50t
5
1831
524
45
33fc
170
21
40
82
—
110
6
120
20
32
.
44
1832
556
68
368
177
32
47
63
—
147
1
152
5
12
50
1833
656
71
439
180
43
65
63
—
162
9
182
23
31
37
1834
903
100
590
301
22
90
78
2
298
19
157
36
44
36
>j
1835
959
123
685
309
53
35
86
—
368
30
162
39
38
—
48
—
* These columns are omitted in the detailed statement by me, R. M. M.
t Memorandum. — It will be observed that the number of criminals " executed" in some years exceeds the
number sentenced to death in the corresponding year. This is occasioned by prisoners having been tiicil, aiiil
sentence passed in the latter end of one year, but not executed till the beginning of the year followini'.
Note. — With regard to sentences pronounced upon convicts, this return (which includes only prisoners
tried before the supreme court and quarter sessions) is unavoidably deficient for the years 1829, 1830 and
1831. Before the year 1832, any two magistrates, although not sitting at quarter sessions, had power to
transport convicts to a penal settlement under summary jurisdiction. Of the cases in which this power was
exercised, the Sheriff reports that he has no means of furnishing a return.
X. W'hen the colony of New South Wales was first
established, the whole executive powers were vested
in the Governor alone; in 1824, a Council was ap-
pointed to assist and controul the Governor ; and at
Return of the number of convicts maintained by
Government in road and chain gangs, gaols, and
penal settlements, with the average yearly cost of
each; and also of the number of convicts in private
service.
Number of prisoners maintained in road gangs,
982 ; average yearly cost of each, including every
charge, 9/. 9s. lOhjl. ; ditto chain gangs, 1,191 ; ditto
10/. 3s. (>{d.; ditto gaols, 646; ditto 13/. As.(,\d.;
ditto penal settlements, 1,250; ditto 10/. 16s. d^d.
Total number of prisoners, 4,069.
Prisoners in private service on 31st December, 1834,
18,304 ; assigned since, up to 13th July, 1835, 1,903 ;
total, 20,207. {Council payers, 1835.]
Return of the average number of convict women* in the
female factory, in each week of tlie yciirs I83i to 1836,
inclusive, together with tlie number of their children, under
three years of a(;e.
1832
1833
1834
183.')
1836
1837
<u
s
d
•a
^
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a
tc
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o
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\6-l
84
7
14
\n
4
2
74
10
19
198
3
2
<)!)
29
22
242
4
1
92
21)
21
247
5
I
95
26
22
S " .
C c s
•c c ^
Eb'rt ■>
•!^ is '^
52
115
6l)
6(1
85
cj
■3
s
bo
c
'in
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<
•s
6
o
"A
"A
\m
441
35
455
23
427
34
51)-)
65
574
112
112
111
134
136
* About 30 of the women nursinpr children are those
employed for that purposes tlie remainder are mothers
nursing the children born to (luin in tlic factory.
N.n.— As the children in tlie factory attain the age of
three years, tlicy are removed to the Male and Female
Orphan Schools respectively.
present the chief authority is vested in, 1st. a (Jover-
nor of the territory of New South Wales, and Gover-
nor-in-Chief of Van Diemen's Island; 2(1. an Execu-
tive Council, consisting of the Governor, the CoUmial
Secretary and Treasurer, the Bishop, and Lieutenant-
governor ; 3rd. a Legislative Council, consisting of
the members of the above-mentioned court, witli the
addition of the Chief Justice, the Attorney-general,
the Chief Officer of the Customs, the Auditor-gene-
ral, and seven private gentlemen of the colony, who
are appointed by the Crown for life.
In case of the death, absence, removal, or re-
signation of a member of the Legislative Council,
the Governor may aiipoint another to act in his stead,
until His Majesty's pleasure be known. With the
concurrence of at least two-thirds of the memheis,
the governor makes laws for the colony, if not re|iug-
nant to the Act 9 Geo. IV. c. 83, or to the charter,
or letters patent, or orders in council, or to the laws
of England. The governor has the initiative of all
laws to be submitted to discussion in the council,
provided he gives eight clear days' notice in the puh-
lic journals, or by public advertisement (if there he
no newsjiapers), of the general objects of the act
proposed to be brought under consideration, unless in
case of emergency, when such notice may he dis-
pensed with.
Any member of the council may request the go-
vernor to introduce a bill for the consideration of the
council. If the governor declines, he must lay his
reasons in writing, together with a copy of the hill,
before the council, and any member, disapproviii!:
of such refusal, may enter upon the minutes tin
NEW SOUTH WALES.— GUVtKNMENT ASit iVlU.IJAKY DErKNCK.
4J5
grounds of his disapprobation. If a majority of the
incmhers dissent from any bill, and enter the grounds
ofthcirdissenton the minutesof council, the billcannot
become law. Every bill i)assed by the council must
be transmitted within seven days to the supreme
court to be enrolled, and after 14 days from the date
of such enrolment, it comes into operation. If the
judges represent that such bill is repugnant to sta-
tutes or other public deeds before cited, it is again
brought under the consideration of the council, and if
again passed, proceeds into operation, until the plea-
sure ot his Majesty be known, to whom are trans-
niittuil the opinions of the judges, &c. The votes
and proceedings of the Legislative Council are ofti-
cially published in the newspapers. The Governor
and I'nuucil have the power to impose taxes for local
purposes. By 3rd Geo. IV., c. 'JG, continued by 9th
Geo. IV., c 83, s. 2(), the Governor is authorized to
impose, on importation into the colony, dutits nut
iNcecding 10.«. ])er gallon on British or West India
>|iirits, and 1.5*. on all other spirits : not exceeding
It. per lb. on tobacco, nor ISs. per cent, upon goods,
wares, &c., not being the growth, produce, or nianu-
lacture of the United Kingdom ; and, by 9th Geo.
IV , c 83, s. 26, the Governor is also empowered to
livy a duty upon colonial spirits, not exceeding that
Irtied on imported spirits.
LrtM'.f and Courts. — The statute laws of England
are in force in the colony, aided by Acts of Parlia-
ment, and local enactments by the Governor and
Legislative Council : and an Insolvent Debtor's Act
is In operation, the benefit of which may be obtained
by a defendant a second or third time, if he pay !.')«.
in the pound (any public officer taking advantage of
the provisions of the Insolvent Act, is, by an order
of the Secretary of State dismissed the service) . The
execution of the laws devolves upon a Supreme
Court, presided over by a chief and two puisne
judges, whose powers arc as extensive as those of the
Courts of King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exche-
quer, at Westminster. The Supreme Court is a court
of oyer and terminer and fi^'iol delirrnj, it is also a
court of «/!«7y, with all the power, within its juris-
diction, of the Lord High Chancellor of l''-ngland ; and
it is a court of adrniraltij for criminal oll'ences, within
certain limits ; it is empowered to grant letters of
administration, and it is an insolvent debtor's court.
From the Supreme Court an apjjcal lies in all actions,
when the sum or matter at issue exceeds the value
of'iOO/., to the Governor or Acting-Governor, who
is directed to hold a court of appeals, from which a
final appeal lies to the King in Council. The Su-
preme Court is provided with an Attorney and Soli-
citor-general. There are nine barristers, and 33
solicitors practising in the court. The sherilf exer-
cises by his deputies the duties of his office over the
whole territory. Circuit courts are held in different
fwtsof the colony ; they are courts of record, and
stand in the same relation to the Supreme Court as
courts of oyer and terminer, and of amze and nisi
pnus, in England do to the King's superior courts of
record at Westminster.
Courts of General and Quarter Sessions, have the
same powers as those of England, and also may take
cognizance, in a summary way, of all crimes not
|luni^hal)le by death, committed by convicts whose
sentences have not expired, or have not been re-
mitted.
A Vice-Admiralty Court, presided over by the
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, takes cogni-
zjuce of civil cases only, such as seairien's wages, Xc.
There is an Archdeacon's Court f(jr clerical matters;
but this court has no jurisdiction in testamentary
atfairs, the charter of justice having eniijoweri d the
Supreme Court to grant letters of administration,
and direct the distribution of testator's etiVcts.
Courts of Retiuests have been established under
authority 9 Geo. IV. c. H3, for smiimarily determin-
ing claims not exceeding 10/. sterling, except the
matter in question relates to the title of any lands,
tenements, or hereditaments, or to the taking or de-
manding of any duty i)ayable to His Majesty, or to
any fee of office, annual rents, or other such matter,
where rights in future would be bound, or to a gene-
ral right or duty, and to award costs. The decision
of the court is final and summary, as in T.ngland.
One Commissioner, ajipointed by the Crown, pre-
sides in all the Coiuts of Retpicsts throughout the
colony. Juries now sit in civil and crimiual cases ;
until liitoly, military and na\al officirs formed the
criminal jury; and civil causes were determined by a
judge and two sworn assessors. Law suits are fi\ ■
(|Uoiit in New South Wales, and large fortuius have
been made by barristers and solicitors. In the year
1834, the number of the unpaid magistracy through-
out the territory WRS 130.
Police. — This important branch of civil life is well
managed in New South Wales. There are Benches of
stijiendiary as well as unpaid magistrates in Sydney,
and at the principal towns throughout the colony,
aided by head constables, and a civil and military
police force at each station.
It should be observed, that a large part of the mi-
litary force is required to guard the jirisouers ; and
troops are seasoned in N. S. Wules for Indian service.
Militanj Posts and Jl'orks. — There are no military
posts in any i)art of the colony of New South Wales;
and there are only three military works, viz. Fort
Macquarie, Dawes' Battery, and Fort Philip. The
two former are situated on two points of land in the
harbour of Port Jackson, forming the entrance to
Sydney Cove, and were erected for the security of the
shipping. The Battery and Fort Philip is situated on
an eminence crowning the isthmus or neck of land,
which is washed by the waters of Sydney Cove on the
cast, and of Darling harbour on the west side.
Fort Mdcijiiiirie. — Fort Macquarie is a Sfpiare, the
length of each face being 130 feet. It is badly con-
structed with masonry, on a low site ; the base of the
rnni[!art is washed by the sea at high tide. The work
is |)icrccd lor 1 1 guns and 4 en barbette ; 10 twenty-
four-pounders and .') six-pounders are mounted. At
each of the angles is a small circular bastion, in which
one of the twenty-four pounders is placed en barbette.
There is a tower of two stories in the centre of the
land face 99 feet in circumference, with a magazine
beneath capable of containing 350 barrels. The tower
is appropriated as a store and guard room, and through
which the fort is entered by a permanent bridge over
a dry ditch. At each extremity of the counterscarp,
there is a smaller tower; but, in common with the
large one, they are not intended for any military
offensive purpose. The jdatform of the battery is at
an elevation of 22 feet above the level of the sea.
Dawes' Battery. — Dawes Battery is a curved fleche,
the length round the crest of the parapet being 120
feet. The interior slope is two feet high, and retained
by a stone wall. The remainder of the parapet is
formed of earth. It contains 1.5 guns, viz. 3 six-
Ijounders and 12 twelve-pounds. The whole of them
are en barbette. The platform of the battery is at an
elevation of 111 feet above the level of the sea.
3 I
t
.'-It
:.l
li
' »
w
n I
426
NEW SGL'IH WALES.— GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
Fort Philip. — This fort is in an unfinished state,
although commenced in 1804 by Governor King, the
faces of the salient angle only l)cing carried up in cut
stonework to the level of the platform, 11 feet 8
inches in height. It is in the form of a pentagon,
the length of the sides l)iing 100 feet, and appears to
have been intinded to mount four guns in each face.
The thickness of the platform is 18 feet ('> inches, and
the parapet (which is not raised) 13 feet (> inches ;
in all, 32 feet. The situation commands the whole
of the town of Sydney, its cove and Darling harbour ;
the north face looks into Dawes' battery, at about
400 yards distance ; the east into Fort Macquarie, at
about 800 yards. In its present unfinished state, it
is of no use whatever as a military work, and is now
only used as a telegraph station. There is a niasa-
zine, bomb proof, immediately under the wall, capable
(if containing 200 barrels of gunpowder. The elevation
is 241 Iret above the level of the sea. These works
are under the contro\d of the Master-general and
Board of Ordnance. There has been an ordnance
estnblislmumt in New South Wales since 31st Jan.
183(i, the expense of which is defrayed out of the
military chest.
Return of the Troops* serving in New South Wales and its Dependencies on 31st Dec. 183'J. [B. B.]
o .
>-,
s s
4th Rsgt. of Foot.
28th Rcgt. of Foot.
50th R.gt. of Foot.
Distribution.
g
O
'5
O
c
u
Is
X3
3
So
B
5
Be
u.
1.
i.
o
c
S
3
C
c
m
o
03
'n
a.
O
a
3
73
t
■n
-
E
u
—
■a
S
'A
OJ
o
O
'A
'rt
5"
u
n
o
*-
r/3
■A
i
CJ
•3
=
a
Sydney (Head Quarters)
Bathurst
Berrima
Cox's River .
Emu Plains .
George's River
Grose Farm .
Iliawarra
Lansdowne Bridge .
Liverpool
Harper's Hill .
Hassan's Walls
Maitland
Moreton Bay, (Penal £
ment)
Newcastle
Norfolk Island, i Penal S
ment)
Parramatta
Pennant Hills
Port Stephen's (Austi
Agricultural Compt
Establishment) .
Port Macquarie
Port Phillip .
Seventeen Mile Hollow
Wellington Valley .
Windsor
Wingello
Mounted Police, &c.
Civil Employ .
Staff ....
In charge of Civil Power
Servants to General and
Officers
Do. to Detached Office
On leave in the Colony .
.ettle-
ettle-
alian,
my's
Staft'
rs
12f)
81
8G
3r.
30
2
CO
If.
20
120
8".
127
500
132
900
l.'i
19
180
200
.'if.
238
3f.
107
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
2
4
2,'-.
4
1
2
1
1
13
-
-
442
3
4
5.'-.
30
4(3
23
3
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
15
4
1
2
2
1
12
1
6
23
63
12
25
22
25
61
208
15
12
25
40
3
47
13
1
1
2
1
2
I
1
I
_
1
1
4
2
1
2
12
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
7
13
2
11
11
19
24
21
'1
177
141
22
25
1
Total
2
8
12
4
34
13
Gil
3
9
19
4
37
13
600
5^28
1
474
Return nf Moinilr,
[B.B.]— Seven othc
tronpcis ; total, 127
Erimiscn of thi- i
orderlies to the .'101b
lies wore transferred
1836) ; moimted pnl
Total, 13,329/. Of t
—pay of men 1,842/
XI. Since the coh
revenue has been il
spirits, tobacco and
lieeiiscs ; as the po
settlement increased,
crense which has take
Sydney is remarkab
in 1822 they did no
items being 5,081 gr
gal.; 3,S.')-I gallons of
:',4;« ditto, at lO.v.
The rate of duties k
grain the produce of
perial measure (unti
British, West India, or
from the United Kingd
k. M.) ; all other spii
colony or imported, 9.v.
Abs
HEAD OF REVE
C'lstonis
Dutynn spirits (li';tillc'(li
Post nfficc collections
Auction duty, and liccn
tinni crs .
Licin-es to retail malt an
liquors
Licenses to liawkers and ]
Crown lands
Rcats (It tolls, ferries, m
and p-ovornmciit premit
Fees of public offices .
Fines leiied l.y courts of
fraceeds of sales of g
prnpertj' .
Collections by tlie agent o
and school estates .
Pew rents .
Miscellaneons
Total
* Water supplied to sh
advances to cm if
conv;
The following shew
* At head quarters, 80th Regiment of Foot, Field Officers, 1 ; Captains, 2 ; Subalterns, 4 ; Staff, 1 ;
Sergeants, 6; Drummers, 1 ; Rank and File, 116. Detachments of various regiments. Field Officers,
Staff, 1 ; Captains, ; Subalterns, head quarters, 1 ; Rank and File, head quarters, 3 ; on leave in
the Colony, 6.
Arrears
Quit-rents
Redemption of C;
Fees on the dcliv
Proceeds of Lane
Proceeds of Lane
NEW SOUTH W
Return of Mnunicd Policf im 31v/ Dwvwhrr, iM'ifi.
[B.R-] — Seven ollicers, 8 sergeants, Ifi corpoials, Ofi
tronpers ; totiil, ll'7.
Eriini.ic.i (if till' fihnri' Corps in IH'.^G. — Mounted
orderlies to the .'U)lli June, '.^211. (the mounted order-
lies were transferred to mounted poliee from Ist July
Ifjafi) ; mounted police to the .'ilJth June, l.'!,()()2/.
Totnl, 13,3J'J/. Of this sum the principal items are
—pay of men 1,^42/., and forage for luM'ses 9,281/.
XI. Since the colony wa-; estnl)li:-hed in 178M, a
revenue has been derived from the importation of
spirits, tohacco and manufactures, &c. as also from
licenses ; as the population and comnaicc of the
settlement increased, so did the revenue. The in-
crease which has taken jjlace in the Custom duties at
Svdney is remarkable; they now amount to 100,000/.;
in IHL'ii they did not reach 10,000/., the princijjal
items being 5,081 {gallons of sjjirits, at \2.i. M. per
gal.; 3,8">-l gallons of ditto, ll.v. \Qd. per ditto; and
:i,4;iS ditto, at 1 0.<.
The rate of duties levied is, on spirits distilled from
grain the produce of the colony, 3.v. per gallon im-
perial measure (until 1834 it was •J.s.Chl.), ditto
British, West India, or North American, if imijortcd
from the United Kingdom, 7.v. 9d. ()-tenths (formerly
Cs. (i'.) ; all other spirits, whether made within the
colony or imported, 'jsrld. 4-tenths (formerly 84'.fi.Aj;
ALES.—iqNANCES. 427
tobacM, manufactured, 2*. C,d. per lb., unmanufac-
tured, Is, M. ditto; British manufactures /cw ; all
others goods 5 per cent, ad nil. Register fees, if
under 40 tons, 2/. each register; over 40 tons. Is.
per ton. Permits for the removal of spirits, 6r/,
each.
Licenses to distil spirituous lirpiors, 25/. per ann.,
to sell ditto, 25/. per annum. Goods sold by auction
pay H per cent, duty, and an auctioneer for his li-
cense, 2/. per anninu. Butchers, carters and carts,
boatmen and boats, and porters, are licensed : dogs
are taxed at Is. for one, 5.v. for two, 15.?. for three,
and 10.9. f )r every adilitional dog. The number of
auctioneers in the colony is 18, of whom lu are in
Sydney.
Each head of cattle in Sydney, Paramatta and Eiver-
|)ool must be examined by a public inspector before it
1)0 slaughtered, for which a charge of 3'/. is paid.
Quit rents arc levied on land, at the following rate —
if granted prior to 5th November 1823, '2s. ])er 100
acres; prior to 18th May 1825, 15s. per ditto; sub-
setjuent to 18th May 1825, Ife. 8(/. per 100 acres.
Town allotments in Sydney (id. per perch ; at sea-
port towns, 5(/. ; in towns at the head of navigable
waters, -Xd. ; and in inland towns, 2f/. There are also
a variety of fees legal, territorial and clerical.
Abstract of the Revenue of New South Wales,
from 1st January,
1820.
HK.\D OF REVENUE.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
£.
Jt'.
^'.
.i'.
di\
d:.
di.
.6.
.■£'.
.£'.
.f.
±.
C'lstmiis
4i)353
52822
mr:
79136
81(178
89805
96262
111121
12759s
143352
153f)Sl
IHitv nn spirits c1i>.tille<i in the colony
18JU
2211
77"
288
7101 1135
1057
1250
1690
1267
800
Post nftice cdlleotiDiis
..
..
59b
1324
17.i3' 215:;
2574
2968
3735
4310
4333
Auction rtiitv, and licenses to auc-
tioniers
5;i-
fiS2
1.-163
1270
146;l
1399
1455
1586
2395
3219
4454
Licfn^esto retail malt and spirituous
liquors
306;t
4(l2.-j
4425
3725
5100
6550
7785
9124
9877
10023
9505
licenses to liawkers and pedlars
..
..
45
14
Crown lands
2742
3814
S137
3309
1985
3617
13683
26272
43482
89380
105464
Rents 01 toll';, ftrries, market dues,
anil povernmciit premises
3231
2404
3689
3221
4138
4806
3387
3271
3577
4131
3339
Fees of public offices ....
an 3
1902
36s5
6525
64lil
7055
5688
6089
9194
7400
5678
Fines le\ led by courts of ju ice
soy
371
Obj
786
758
730
74
190
690
1462
2067
Frocecds of sales of government
proicrty
C178
100S6
3760
2221
501
1639
3155
U97
875
531
Collections by the agent of the clergy
and fcbool estates ....
..
1162
4712
1948
Pew rents ......
, ,
, ,
333
388
144
Miscellaneous
ififii
1018
762
968
770
2172
786
688
876
3549
♦39166
Total
;2i30
79309
94862
1(12784
104729
121065
135909
164063
205535
273744
330579
* Water supplied to shipping from
advances to emiKiants, 96/. ;
convicted felons.
the dncli yard, 180/. ; repayment of loans including interest, 292/. ; ditto, of
tlie King's sliarc ot seizures by the customs, 205/. j sale of property of
chiclly stolen cattle, 2,459/. ; surcharges recovered, I27/. ;
miscellaneous, 165/. j total, 3,549/.
The following shews the Land Revenue of New South Wales since the sale of Land commenced.
Arrears
Quit-rents
Redemption of Quit-rents
I'^ees on the delivery of Deeds
Proceeds of Lands sold
Proceeds of Lands temporarily leased
Totals
£.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
, ,
, ,
13115
14042
10371
23839
58
310
326
190
396
576
11
2
. ,
, ,
4364
484
212
209
172
267
429
1029
698
5135
12528
28589
73314
105464
240
••
129
413
599
1004
1220
5657
26272
43504
89475
132390
42S
NEW SOUTH WAF.KS.— FIXANCES.
The progress of New South Wales in revenue is
equally remarkable with the advance which the colony
has made in other matters ; the income derived from
land in particular has been very large. Two years of
revenue and expetiditure are subjoined, in order that
a comparative view may be obtained of the financial
situation of the colony.
Revenue of New South Wales for 18.15 and 183C. [B. B.]
^c
■a ia
?•!
§3
u u .
a-t qJ ,
3S«
z: *-
fired Ccilotilal Revenue.
on
o J» to
ff> n
y (ft X
= § =
= 1 s
2 o-
if"
s«
<a
<5,
£.
.*■.
"On spirits imported
I158!)3
126257
Ttiifioe O" spi'l's ilistilleil in the colony
r-uiies. J oiitoharcdiniportcil .
iL'ii;
800
14273
17503
Of five percent on foreign Roods
imported
1 1 O'J.'iO
9921
Wharfage
i;()3
1925
LiKht-house
582
594
On the entry and clearance of
Dues, -
vessels
471
478
On the registration of vessels
lUli
233
On permits to remove spirits
Ilarlinnr
5
585
' 539
Post Office collectinns
371)1
4333
Auction dntv
2877
4372
"To auctioneers . . . .
To retail wines, malt and spiritu-
81
82
Licenses. •
oils liquors . . . .
10U23
9505
Todisti'lers
25
[To hawkers and pedlars
14
Ol' market dues . . . .
!)I6
544
Of tolls anil ferries
2691)
2303
Store of gunpowder deposited In
Rents. >
Mis Majesty's magazine .
Of Govenunent buildings, wind-
151
86
mills, ^'C
181
262
Of pews in Churches .
157
144
Collections by tlie agent for the Church and
School Estates
4155
1948
For water supplied to the shipping from
H. M's. dock yard
203
180
Fees of officers paid by fixed salaries
5814
56-8
Fines collected by the sheriff and in the se-
veral Courts of i'etty Sessions .
1062
2067
Revenue of the years 1835 and 1836
177351
189761
Arrears of previous years ....
3279
4110
Revenue of the Crown
I8O63O
193871
Proceeds of land sold
73314
105464
Quit rents
39;
576
Redemption of (piit rents ....
4364
484
Fees on the dclivi'ring of title deeds
429
1029
Proceeds of latul temporarily leased
600
1004
Repayments of emigrants ....
'
••
Revenue of the years 1835 to IHSii .
79105
108558
Arrears of previous years ....
10371
23839
Incidental
89476
132397
Revenue of the years 1835 and 1836
2882
3644
Arrears of previous years ....
755
620
Receipts in aid of revenue ....
2637
4264
Receiptsof the years 1835 to 1836 .
847
46
Grand total ....
274591
330579
Amount of revenue in the year 1828, 89,709/.;
1829, 99,880^.; 1830, 103,989/.; 1831, 122,854/.
1832,136,777/.; 1833,165,058/.; 1834,205,575.
Amount received in sterling money for lands sold
during the following years. — 1829, none; 1830, 8H/.;
1831, 698/.; 1832, 5,135/.; 1833, 12,528/.; 1834,
28,589/.
Expenditure of New South Wales for 1835 and l83rt.
(U.B.]
te
1- be
ii
it
.- JO
5i'i
S.3£
- E '^
X _
K - "*
^^.S
■*ii.r
Civil :
£•.
it.
The Governor, Private Secretary and Mes-
5331
534M
senger.
Executive and Legislative Councils
ail
80:)
Colonial Secretary
5851
SSI7
Surveyor General's Department, —
.Survey Branch
li«:,:i
l:l-j:,:
Road and Town Branches
13142
17117
Commissioners for reporting upon claims to
1051)
liilli
Grants of Land.
Board and Commissioner for the assignment
l!l6
.m
of Convict Servants.
Departments of—
Colonial Treasurer
1357
1472
Auditor General
1440
14911
Customs
7.")Ut)
8Kri
Internal Revenue
lyrr
2111,1
PostOftice
307(i
4911
Surveyor of Distilleries
3IIII
mio
Master Attendant and Harbour Master
1455
I9,i«
Mineral .Surveyor
268;
3i9J
Colonial Engineer
—
.VIS
Colonial Architect
74()
1087
Colonial Udtanist
71"
7'-')
Government Domain Parraraatta
57(1
Colonial Museum
"■J
lyi
Inspcetor of Slaughter-houses and Cattle,
2U0
2U0
Svilnev.
Port Pliiilip
—
2l(il
British Resident, New Zealand
6ui
6j,i
60372
li-U
Judicial :
Supreme Court and Crown Law Officers
10487
1100:1
Courts of Quarter Sessions
I4;i3
U8S
Courts of Requests
2ti«li
276:
Sheriff's Department
20i).'i
21 IS
Coroners ....
lUtil
1 litis
I774:i
18714
Police:
Police Establishment, Sydney
4608
113S2
Ditto . . County Districts .
63»S
isti«
uooti
;I02{I5
Gaols :
Gaol Establishment, Sydney
1691
311!)
Debtor's Prison '' tablishment, Sydney
38
521
Gaol Establishments, County Districts
1681
538S
3413
93;! 1
Clergy and Schools :
Episcopalian Church Establishment
8759
10572
Ditto School Ditto
10096
9911
Management of the Church and School Es-
974
lOia
tates.
Presbyterian Clergy
I757
6lS
Roman Catholic Clergy
920
2i;i
Roman Catholic Schools
125(ij
II3!1
237O3
235IS
Miscellaneous :
Disbursements in 1835 and 183':
53745
71811
Arrears :
Arrears of previous years
976
1"8
Grand Total
171020 a
34210
Abstract of the An
Amount of expenditure in the year 1828, 40,9121.;
1829, 55,544/.; 1830, 55,980/,; 1831, ST.OW.;
1832, 110,524/.; 1833, 123,817/.; 18-^4, 136,651/.
Advances to Free Mi
the passage nionej
Passage Money, Houi
Allowances to .Suig
tains and Mates.
Exjienses incurred af
Arrears
Statement of Expenses
in
Department.
Siirveyio)
Roads and Bridges (A)
Colonial Architect(f)
Ciistoms(rf}
Mineral surveyor(e)
Colonial Botanist (/)
Domain Parramatadi,')
Harbour Master :
The Governor's boat's t
Harbour and master'
crew.(A)
Light fiouse, South Ht
Telegraph Stations;*
Beacon Light, Newcs
Total(m)
[a) The total expense (
ties to convict overseers,
ties, clothing, tents, cook
of equipment.
\.b) The salaries of the as
Rations and provisions o
missariat.
(ffl Cost of rations.
(rf) Gratuities, rations, ,
(e) The salary of the mi
(/) The salary of the ci
Ig) Salary to superintcn
pense of rations.
{h) Superintenriant of b(
(i; Salary of siiperinteni
(*) Gratuities to telegrai
(/) Cost of rations.
(i«; Exclusive of the am
An account of the pec
His Majesty's troops, «,
'luring the year 1836,
Colony ~[B. li.]— Com
ance in lieu of forage to
50/. 17s. 6rf. Jurors, al
to officers for serving
quarter sesssions, 310/.
day each, to officers tor
prosecution in the Supn
expenses to ditto in pre
irii'7
i4;2
\m
•J Id)
4<)<l
3110
llJ.iS
5IIH
10S7
;■-'
l!,ii
■joo
2110
21(U
(JOI
()3.1
eo:l7'2
7a7ss
in4H;
1100;)
u;i:i
14SS
•itiOO
2;(ir
20^5
24H
lutii
106s
1774:1
\h;u
4(i08
11382
63as
\n6>i
llOOti
30205
1691
34l{)
HH
524
16S4
53SS
3413
9331
8755
10572
OQll
1171: imti
i
I (lis
1|20 21,"l
!:i76j, 2Jols
53745J 7J8«
710201234210
I
, 40,91:il.;
87,04(11.;
36,651/.
NEW SOUTH WALES.— FINANCES.
429
Abstract of the Amounts paid from the Colonml Tronsnry of New South Wales, on Account of Emigrants,
1H32 to 183<;.— [I?. ».]
Head of Expenditure.
Advances to Free Mechanics, Ijibourcrs, &c. on account of
the passage money of themselves and families.
Passage Money, Bounties and Advances
Allowances to Surgeons, Superinteiidants, Matrons, Cap-
tains and Mates.
Fixpenses incurred after arrival
Arrears
Total
statement of Expenses paid out of the Colonial Treasury
in 1836. [B.B.]
1
■ c
2-3
i
la a
1
^S
S
= —
u
.■a .
a
Department.
^ = 13
S u •
a
■c .
is
2
■3
>v.5 S
<: at^
5g
35 1 ^
£.
f. £.
Siirveyfo)
73
95
2320 2415
Roads and Bridge8(A)
notstatd
iyt)7
785 2752
Colonial Arcliitect(f)
21
—
234 1 234
Ciistom'i(rfi
10
140
302 ; 442
Mineral Surveyor(e)
110
258
2409 |2fi68
Colonial Ilntanist(/)
39
112
437 1 549
Domain Farramata(ff)
•M
UU
377 ' 487
Harbour Master :
The Governor's boat's crcwand
Harbour and master's boat's
crew. (A)
12
—
172
172
Light House, South Head(0
&
—
83
83
Telegraph Stations(A-) .
9
48
95
143
Beacon Light, Newcastle (/)
3
—
49
49
Total(m)
2731
7265
9996
(a) The total expense of this department includes gratui-
ties to convict overseers, cost of rations for surveying par-
ties, clothing, tents, cooliing utensils, and all other articles
of equipment,
(i) The salaries of the assistant- surveyors are not included.
Rations and provisions of clothing, furnished by the com-
missariat.
(c) Cost of rations.
(rf) (iratuities, rations, &c. for boatmen.
(e) The salary of the mineral surveyor is not included.
(/) The salary of the colonial botanist is not included.
ig) Salary to superintcndant, gratuity to overseer and ex-
pense of rations.
(A) Superiutenriant of boats, paid from the military chest.
(i; Salary of supcrintendant not included.
(A;) Gratuities to telegraph masters, and cost of rations.
(() Cost of rations.
(in) Exclusive of the amount expended for tools.
An account of the pemniary alloirances granted to
His Majesty's troops, semng in Netv South fettles
(luring the year 1836, and forming a charge on the
Colony — [B. B.] — Commandants of Districts, allow-
ance in lieu of forage to the respective commandants,
50/. 17s. 6ii. Jurors, allowance of 15s. per diem each
to officers for serving as jurors, in the Court of
quarter sesssions, 310/. 10s.; allowance of 15s. per
day each, to officers for serving as jurors on criminal
prosecution in the Supreme Court, 2'Ml.; Travelling
expenses to ditto in proceeding to and from the res-
Amounts
paid in
the Years
Total
18.32.
1833.
1834.
1835.
18.36.
2619
£.
3591
£.
600
£.
1120
£.
£.
7930
2457
6234
100
6870
8043
10
10894
250
33498
360
101
94
396
1591
629
1832
5177
9019
1
7866
113
10764
11773
21
43620
130
5177
9020
7979
10764
11794
44756
pective courts of quarter sessions in the interior
628/.; Total, 1169/. 17s. Police, amount of the
salaries of officers employed in the police establish-
ment of the Colony, 620/. ; Grand Total, 1840/. 17s.
Statement of Expenses paid out of the Military Chest
by the Commissariat Department in 1836. — [B. B.]
Department.
Police
Hulk
Dock-yard
Government Vessels
Principal Supcrintendant of
Convicts and Hyde Park
Barracks.
House of Correction (Carter's
Barracks) .
Ironed-gangs
Female Factories
Medical
Norfolk Island
Moreton Bay
Total
£.
2471
581
329
1423
2523
391
2604
782
5171
1434
1035
18746
Allowances
and
Contingenc
3
e2
£.
£.
3212
5683
46
627
—
329
726
2149
37
2560
432
361
27
4843
391
3036
782
5532
1461
1035
23590
Police pensions, 160/. ; pension to a retired master
of a government colonial vessel, 76/. ; gratuity to
matron of female factory, Parramatta (on retirement)
150/.; expense of criminal court at Norfolk Island,
376/.; rations of provisions and forage, 101,273/.;
fuel and light, 1,727/.; means of transport, 2,526/ ;
various articles and building contracted for in 1835,
784/.; donations to the benevolent asylum, 1,724/.;
indents of convicts arrived in the colony, paper,
printing, and binding, 620/. ; for the service of the
schooner " Edward," in bringing up stores to Sydney,
from the wreck of the convict ship " Hyde," 100/. ;
subsistence of officers proceeding to and from the
wreck, 5/. ; books for prisoners on Goat Island, 10/. ;
commission of enquiry at Port Macquarie, 7'.!/. ; salary
of supcrintendant of government, observatory Farra-
:
'1-
' ^p,
i >
r
f ;
430
NEW SOUTH WALKS.— KlNANCi;S.
ninttn, .'fOd/. ; Mis( illrtiicoiis, 1 W. ; oxpnises imiil l)y
till' (irdnaiici' stoickii'iuT, huiUliiiL's niul ii'|miis of
Imildings for tlic accomiiUKlution of convicts, (iSCi/. ;
cliithiii); and stores, If.'.lO.'i/. ; l)uil(liii|.'s and icpnirs of
lunldinj;s I'or nKnintrd police, I! l^ ; stores, ^>ll.\ total
amount cxpcndid, cliaincablo undiT the head, convict
service in lH;i(">, i;tH,l."i7/.
Ciiiiinii.\siiiiiit Drimitiiicnt — fU. H. IHUI').] — Regi-
mental and Stall" Pay, II. M. Ith reu;inient of foot,
ll,C,yC>/. ; H. M. 17th do., Ml-21.; II. M. liHth do.,
11,102/.; H.M. .^Oth do., '.(270/. ; 11. M. HOth do.,
()10/. ; Dctaehnients of various rcfjinuuts fiS I/. ; statf
ofViccrs, s(l,')/. ; total, :VJ,')'M)/. Allowances to staff
and regimental otlieers, I'ornfie allowance, 17J1/. ;
lodgins; allowances, KiJ.'i; total, .'iOlii. I'ay of clerks
to stalf ollieers, &c., clerks in ollice of major of bri-
gade and assistant military secretary, 22'.H. ; dispen-
sers army medical ilepartment, l^^/.; total, iM7/. ;
Commissariat of stores, pay of ollieers, H, 18.')/. ; do.
of clerks, mesRenp;ers, Jtc, 2,7'J(i/. ; Commissariat of
accounts, pay of otlieers, '.)hI/. ; do. of clerks, messen-
gers. Sec, -l;Mi/. ; Commissariat of stores, forage allow-
ance, 32-il. ; lodging allowance, ;i7.'i/. ; Commissariat of
accounts, forage allowance, (VM. ; lodging allowance,
n08/. ; total, H,i,:',2l. Department of Clerk of Works,
arrears of lh3.'), ^ul. Provisions, stores, &c., purchase
of rations, 4 1,1.>:)1)/.; dittuof fuel and light, \,M\^I.: ditto
of various articles contracted for in 183."), !'>TJ/ ; means
of transport, 848/.; contingencies, 2,201/.; total,
4f),7.')C)/. ; grand total, <J8, 1 I'M.
Orunaiur Dfiitiitmrnt. — [B. H.] — Ordnance pay,
&c., storekeeper, .'iO(i/. ; clerks, 47.'>/. ; foremen, arti-
ficers, and labourers, 500/. ; buildings and rc|)nirs of
same, .'■)9/. ; (lurchase of stores, 38"/.; total l'.)28/. ;
deduct amount paid in England, 400/. ; total, 1,'")28/. ;
Engineers pay allowances, ollieers, 874/. ; clerks of
works, clerks, foremen, fkc , H'>'9I ; incidental ex-
penses, COL; total, 2G13/. ; deduct amount paid in
England, 140/.; total, 2473/. Barracks' pay, Sec,
barrack master sergeant, itc., 412/ ; rent of buildings
for otKccrs' (juarters, 281/. ; buildings and repairs of
same, 1169/.; furniture, 308/.; total, 2170/. Com-
missariat, buildings and repairs of same, 34'.)/. ; stores
purchased, 151/. ; total 500/.; total ordnance, (i,()72/.;
total commissariat, 98,17'J/. ; grand total, 104,851/.
licrnpitul'itim of thi' EstithlUiim'i>t.— [n. B. 183f..]
Paid by Great Britain in sterling money, Civil Esta-
blishment, 1(>,144/.; Contingent Expenditure, 1,585/.;
Contingent Expenditure, 370/. (Expense of criminal
court at Norfolk Island) ; Police Establishment,
2,471/.; Contingent Expenditure, 3212/.; Gaol
Establishments, 581/. (Hulk I'.stablishment) ; Con-
tingent Expenditure, 40/.; Miscellaneous Expendi-
ture, 108,830/. (includes provisions for convicts and
others in the service of the government) ; Pensions,
230/. ; General Service, 1002/.; grand total, 134,485/.;
Paid by the Colony in sterling money, Civil Establish-
ment, 41,593/.; Contingent Expenditmc, 32,195/.;
Judicial Establishment, 10,100/.; Contingent Expen-
diture, 2,044/. ; Police Establishment, 25,705/. ;
Contingent Expenditure, 4,440/. ; Ecclesiastical Es-
tablishment and Schools, 13,572/.; ("outingent Ex-
penditure, 11,940/.; Gaol Establisliments, 2,452/.;
Contingent Expenditure, 0,879/. ; Miscellaneous
Expenditure, 74,204/. ; Pensions, 579/. ; grand total,
232,431/.
Public Works of New South JVaU's. (B.B. 1830).—
[The amount of cxi)enses of works in progress cannot
of course, be stated.] — Sijilncy : Tunnel for conveying
water into town, constructing, 20,210/.; Gov. -house,
repairs300/. ; Supreme Court -house, repairs and altera-
tions 53h/. ; new Supri'mi' Court-liiuisr, WollomoU,,
Hill, constructing!',, 000/.; new gaol, at (lo.eoiiKtnie'iii;
; old gaol, repairs 302/ ; debtors' prison, (nr-
ter's barrack, additions 77/.; police oltiee, alterations,
additions, and repairs 1,255/.; watch-ho'ise, Kent,
street, constructing 575/,; toll-house, eonstructiiiK
570/. ; light-house, south head of Port Jackson, addj.
tiiius and reiiairs 30i>/. ; late resideuei- of chief jiistiic
tittcd up for olliees for the eonunissioners of claims to
grants of land and court of reipiests, altirntioiis iiinj
repairs ; (piarters of superintendant of bntaiiicnl
garden, repairs ; stables for horses, ive. of sur-
veyor-general's department, repairs 01/. ; (iovern-
meiit-house, I'arramatta, re])airs 352/. ; new giml
wall, ditto, constructing 2,550/. ; sheds luid storo
lumber yard, ditto, repairs 212/.; hmatie asylnin,
Turlian t;reek, on the Puriamatta river, eiinstiurtiii;-
Il,7''i2/.; ijoliee court-house, Windsor, repairs, 17.",/.,
wateh-liouse, ditto, constructing I'.M",/. ; tull-lionsc,
l.ansdown bridge, near Liverpool, eonstruetinu; ll(i/. ;
watch-house, Appin, constructing 120/.; polieeeourt-
house, Campbell'l'own, repairs 13/.; court-house niij
cells, Penrith, constructing (J92/. ; police court lioiiso,
Bong Houg, repairs 14/. ; gaol, Berriiua, constrnctiiii;
10,392/.; court-house, ditto, constructing 3,i',7s/.;
court-house and watch-house, CioiUbtun, repairs 20/, ;
watch-house, Wingello, constructing 330/. ; cinirt-
honse and watch-house. Vale of Clwyd, construetini;
1,420/.; court-house and watch-house, Yiss, eon-
structing 1,475/.; police court-house, Brisbane Water,
repairs, 20/. ; gaol, Newcastle, repairs 83/. ; police
court-house, ditto, 18/. ; court-house and wiifcli.
house, Patrick's Plains, constru;'ting 794/.; ditto, , it
Cassilis, constructing 85/. ; watcli-liouse, (Hunters'
River) lilack Creek, constructing lOO/. ; \arious
buildings, repairs ; St. James's chunli, Sydney,
alterations and repairs, ; St. Phillip's chinch,
ditto, repairs, 49/. ; St. Thomas's church, Port Muc-
(piarie, repairs 231/.; chapel, Wilberforce, repairs
75/; parsonage, St. Philips, Sydney, repairs 2('i2/. ;
parsonage, St. Matthew's, Windsor, repairs 248/,;
church parsonage. Port Maccpiarie, repairs 02/ ; par-
sonage, Newcastle, repairs 85/. ; King's school, Parra-
matta, constructing, erecting, and alterations 4,284/.;
female orphan school, ditto, rejiairs ; male ili'Jo,
Liverpool, ditto, repairs 281/. ; Georgian sehoid-liousc,
Sydney, repairs 70/. ; infant school-house, ditto, re-
pairs 33/. ; school-house, Kurryjong, consfriictins
200/. ; churches, parsonages, and schools, repairs — ;
Roman Catholic chapel, Campbell Town, constructing
; ditto, I'arramatta, constructing ; ditto,
Wollongong, constructing ; ditto, Maitland, con-
structing ; school house, Parramatta, eonstrnct-
ing, 340/. ; ditto, Kent Street, Sydney, repair^ 131.
Amount paid from the Colonial Treasury in \>*'M'<,
3,8S0/. 15,v. 8(/. ; arrears of 1835 paid in 1830, 2/. lOv.;
total, 3,889/. 5.«. 8(/.
Conviit. — Hyde Park barracks, Sydney, repairs 2"/.;
hos|)ital, ditto, repairs 121/. ; (piarter of superin-
tendent of government boats, ditto, repairs 21)'.;
stockade for ironed gang, ditto, constructing 127/. ;
ditto ditto, ailditions 83/. ; female factory, Parranintta,
repairs 50/. ; stockade for ironed gang, Batlnirst
Road, constructing 230/. ; stockade ditto. Harper's
Hill, Newcastle, constructing 250/. ; various Iniildings,
lepairs . ['/'/i^' prinripal part of tin- n'/.u'iis mr-
rifd on during 1830 irere cffcctcl Inj conricl Idhuur,
and for irliich no chnrire is iiiiidr,]
Colonial. — Clearing and repairing roads in the in-
terior, constructing and repairing ; breakwater,
Newcastle, constructing ; two arched ihiuas,
town of Maitland
hricl.ie, Parramatt
liridge. Hunter's i
coastriietiirg Id I/.
pntlis, constructing
; pin-ehns
ciiiwn lands 3 7/.
The followin,' is
W reipiired in the
ilet"rny file eliaige
S.iiifh Wales and \'
Ihf parliuuieiitarv
nnioMiit of the b|||~
S.nitli Wales and \';
l^t .April, 183^, I,,,
:'nderMienfi<ined cli;
.i.'ttloMients, viz. :
:';de cnnvicfs, and I
at prices avrra;;!!,;
Widcs, aiid 8'/. per r
and cliildren, at \'ari
I'ltal diet and medi(
li;'lit, 3,480/, ; fiii-nfrp
transport and convey
ronviets, and contiti
Iheexiiense of goveii
lunce and repair of e
iiiss oecupied for coi
and nllowaiiees of pei
tcndeiice of the convi
anccsorcoiiiiiiandanf>
the siipeiintendence a
the penal stations, aiu
away convicts, 9,020/
.;ihI allowances of niei
ti.o general hospitals,
liiarges, 9,080/.; bene
Ni'w South Wales, 2,
■'ther stores and to'ijs
utahlishments, 20,000/
It will atl'ord an intei
, i Great Britain. Br
m.£
No. Tons. Val
N2« .IO!)»()'.i .'lO
i-.'!i r.'.iiiiii Cvi
i'lii'-'fiSiW.-ij 41
i-.li Jnp.s!) ;)()
i*ai!wii ,')ti
i':l:l l:i|'J2(l —
l^H 'iliillitiir 38
i^i',"ii;is:tj 4r
M7 I
L'O.iH.lll-J.lj
•.'l!)().l|M.VI
IMiliii (iii:i
l:t"8| (isH
1K,')NH .|;n
— I (ill)
an!)(i(i|i'j|.l
i;-'>:tii|lus
l'3t)l(i|2:.'()j.
IW: 84008
?.'.
1*?' Il(ii63
21 1
'>.» liii.i.Kl
12
i"i: .•ni:is
IK
'^'■i.'.WlIKi
a.'i
I'-'-' .'(iiliOS
'■'■ iin»,':is
-7
■■' i|»i:l4,'i
:n
'" JiJ!);6
32
'l.'lli.')
-18,
()24:i
12lii
nil
l.l.'K
.')S(i;i
(iO:i,-
Kl!)ll
I'.MH
— )
«r;ti
«(!;)() '
2X21
1 12(11
h':llll
»;5H,IUt)5y
TliP nunilicr of vessels
cc, rcpiiirs
laivs lil^'. ;
iVj/ ; liar-
:u)ol, Tnna-
)ns4,i;^'4/.;
iiuiK' il''v'-o,
KKil-houso,
ilittii, rc-
oiistructins;
vimirs — ;
iiistnirting
ditto,
itlan(l,con-
lM)llstl\lCt-
■epair< 13/.
,• in m>\
HC, 21. UK;
,'l)aifs2"/.;
,r supcrin-
[y.xm 2'.i'-;
It in- 127/.;
'unamatta,
Batlnirst
llaipei's
; buiUiiiigs.
.■/,iiir.v ('"I'-
|,c/ l.ihuur,
in tht' ill-
ircakwatcr,
led di-ai'i*'
NKW SOUTH \V.\[.RS.-
town of Mnithnil, constructing; '2',V.)I. ; stone for new
liiidsi', I'uniiiniittn, coiistniitint; ; repairs to
livid^'^'' Huntir's river, 7/. ; stune drnins and arciirs,
constructins 101/. ; stone kerlnni; to proteet tlie root-
pntlis, const rnet in j; ; conveyio!; stone for streets,
; purehnsc of stone for ditto, '2>*/. ; feiiciiii;
criiwn landi 37/.
The rollowini is an estimate of tlie sum that may
lie reipiired in the year ending :Ust Mareh, iMU'l, to
(lofrny the elnuKe (d' niaiiitiiininp; eouviets at New
South NVaics and Van Diemen's l.aud, a-s printed in
the p.Trliamentary estimates of \h:\^: — l''.stimn*e(l
aniomit of the l)ills whieii will lie (hawn from New
Soilth Wales and \'an Dienien's l.nnd, payable between
1st .\pril, 1h;V'<, and ;Ust Mareh, IHH;), to defray the
I'liilennentioned char;;es for convict services at those
ji'ttleinents, viz.: Rations of provisions for 11,200
Miile convicts, anil 1,100 female convicts and children,
lit prices avcra'.;iii!; about 7 i/. per r.Uion in New Smith
Wales, aiid S/. per ration for men, and ■'"I. for women
anil eliildrcn, at Van Diemen's Land, 1 i;5,')S0/. ; lios-
jiital diet and medical cmnforts, ll,r,so/. ; fuel and
lijht, 11,1^0/ ; I'orau'C and fora';e nllowaiices, 1,720/. ;
traaspnrt and conveyance of provisioits and stores for
cnnvicts, and contim;ent charges, inelndint; ))art of
tlie expense of i^overinnent vessels, 0,1 SO/.; maiiite-
iiiiice and repair of convict barracks and other bnild-
inis oecnpit'd for convict services, 1"),000/. ; salaries
and nllnwances of persons employed in the siiperin-
tonik'iiee of the convicts, D.W'O/. ; salaries and allow-
ances of commandants and other persons employi'd in
the siiperintendeiice and tnana;:;ement of convicts at
the penal stations, and expense of npprehendin'j; run-
away convicts, !),020/. ; medical establishments, pay
Jill allowances of medical otliccrs and txttendants at
ti;i' jrencral hospitals, medicines, and other hospitil
eiarijcs, '.1,080/. ; benevolent asylum and observatory.
New South Wales, 2, MOO/. ; clothini;, beddinu;, and
.'Iher stores and tools, for the convicts and convict
islahlishments, 20,000/. Total, 2:fr>,000/.
It will atlbrd an interesting view of the progress of
•FINANCES, COMMKRCK. 4;u
I interior communications to examine the revctnie de-
rived from tnl|..;ates, ferries, \c. The observing' miiul
will be able to deduce just conclusions from sucli
statements.
I.riisrn i\l' till' riiridiis Toll.i, luTrii'.i iiii,l .Mnilut l)iii\i
l>iit Uji fin- Ui'iil liij Ihr I'Dhmiitl Tn'iimin'i; iii)d com-
imniUrr Rniln nhtiiiicl for the iiniri ls;i7 mid m3H.
— Toll-bar near (irose I'arm, let for lM:i7 at the rent
of l,7;t.")/. ; leased for the ensuiuj; year at 1,<'.")I»/. ;
decreases.")/. 'I\dl-bar ut llecket'.s llridge, IH17, for
21(i/,| IHMH, for 2.V)/. ; iiicre;ise , U. l.ansdownc
Hrid'^'c (late, l.s;i7, f,)r.t«U; iHMs, for '..".O/. ; in-
creased.')/. Tol|.i;ate at Howe's Mridj^e, near Wind-
sor, |s;i7, fori;),')/.; H:i8, for 21."./. ; increase 20/.
Broken Back Bridi'C, 18H7, for 270/. ; lH;m, for .'fHO/. ;
increase (>()/. The Pitt ltow(iate, Parramatta, on the
western road to Kmu Kerry, |N;t7, for I !).">/. ; |s;irt,
for ■» I.')/, ; increase 2.")0/. Bedlam Kerry, I'arraiiiattii
lUvcr, \h:VI, for.'O/. ; ISM.s, for .fO/. ;",|,.erease 20/.
Kerry over the Nepean at Kmu Plains, ls;i7, MWl. ;
18HM, for Kit)/.; decrease 'Ml. Wiseman's Kerry over
the llawkesbury, 1k;!7, for '.)."/. ; ls:!S, for ;')"i/. ; de-
crease 10/.
.W'((7,'('/.v. — Sydney Market Place, Cieorije-street,
rented for the ensuiiiL; year ;it ")I0/. ; 18;t7, at .'i;?7/. ;
deci-ea;;e 27/. Hay and Corn Markets, Briektield Hill,
\XM, at 127/.; ISliS, at I).")/. Parramatta Market
lented for \>*M at 1/. U , was leased for the ensuing
year at 11/. lo.v. ; increase \'M. ;).v.
XII The commeri'e of New South Wales is become
an object of ;j;reat consideration to the mother country.
I'he maritime trade of the colony is now upwards of
two million sterlins; )ifr itnnum ; whereas, ten years
a^o, it amounted to little n\o!-e than half a million.
The largest portion of the trade is carried on with
Great Britain ; the extent for consecutive years will
be seen in the f)llovviiig table. The imports are
spirits, wines and beer, tea, groceries and tobacco,
^alt provisions, cottons, linens, silks and woollens;
th ■ exports — wool, tindjer, llax, oil of all kinds, maize,
hides, and shi[) stores.
IMl'OUTS OF NEW SOUTH WALES.
, i Great Britain.
Urltish Colonics.
S. Sen
Islands.
Now Zexlaiiil ami
Fisheries.
United States.
Koreiffnl
.States. 1
^ \W.£
>fo.
Tons.
Val..*' No.lTons.
V>f,mi (),') \ 878!)
Val. ;*•
Val.rf
No.
Tons.
Val. f
No.
To:.s.
Val. £
Ni- I'.l!!*!)'.'
•■in
•JO.-.S,'-)
41241) l:t
:ii8.')l —
—
_
i-:!i f.';Mti:i
l)-2
•219l):i
l:i,-ilH() l(i 1 ;«78
—
420.-.,'> .'lU
8aui: —
—
-.
—
l-iii2li-;!i:i,')
11
|.|.|lli)
(iilll.'ili, 43 7'J-'1
—
!)I1K() —
— ' —
—
—
—
I-.',; jll(l^ll| ai) ia;,-s
().S8n«! 4!) 1 Kiaui
—
17!);l.M) <i7
1017!) —
—
—
—
lv>. lii;i:ui| .'iti 1S.5H8
irH!),-. 76 i \S\il
—
1 I7;t8i ,'>7
y()40 —
—
—
—
;-ii i.ii'j-joi —
(illiii-j — I --
—
2i8ayo —
—
—
—
ivii iiiii)ii():i' 58 adiiiK)
I'ji.'),-!) ii-i -j;);:)!!
—
1 117737 7S
lasiK) — 1 —
—
—
l!:r';n;is:t! i7 i;,'i;)ii
114824 1;12 •28,'>II7
14-20
i77;iiis "■">
1,-|.-..S2 l:i!in2 ()
1 mil
701 til
1*30 mm
Mi;
(JO
aaUio
2202S4 124 j ■2.')8(il
1
1
11)72
13,-.7;I0
82
14i)lii)
227;)!)
;i
!)7.)
t)2280
Total.
Vnl, £
.'170111111
(ioioiil
420180
41)01 .1'.'
(iOI()20
7l:i!)72
<)!)1!I!I0
11I48II.-.
I2;t740ti
Vo.'
Tods.
1:17
a 2.').')!)
\M
:17;)42
1.-.7
;il'22.'>
1 ,v.
aioiio
ISIl
;)ti02ii
■210
.'lOI II
■21.^.
.'.7112,
2til)
6iiil!)!
abi)
634111
Men
2121
288(5
2.-|()J
2SI-2
:t:i:l2
(710
51!il
EXPORTS OK NKW SOUTH WALKS.
182S S1008 1.')
H'.'ii Ul)i83 21
1*JM5.)() 12
W!:illU8 18
lM-.|.'.Wlll() 2.')
b;i.; jtii).illH _
I'.U imi7;!s 27
isi.' i!Ki;t45 ai
iSjI) 3i;iD76 32
■l,')6,'>| 484,'.
38
()24:il I2t)!r.'
73
4411: l.'>.'i!)7
.1,1
S8tia lio:i,)4
57
8I9O' i>:(!i3i
81
— 1 07314
—
8fi3()' 128211
88
1121)1 8:11 OS
90
l)7.')() 131)591)
10(5
8913
—
15522
—
I22()3
—
12440
—
15122
—
lli005
z
15821
2I)!)()
22SU5
9t)28
1197 10
O7O8
—
—
—
' 274 li 72
15821
—
—
1 5305 i —
—
—
—
—
52O7O 9"
111919
_
—
—
0S3O4 88
19515
—
—
—
' 57949; —
—
—
—
—
580.111)05
2S729
—
—
—
7h4:l9 1 18
:198S2
18594
—
—
72102 126
30180
)3tii)7
3011
2025
900.Mt
Hi. 710
Itlllil
;l2ii()i
;i84314
;i94soi
587010
0.'*l!l93
748024
1)1)
UH
ill)
10.-.
191
209
220
2O9
204
i I
201,SI)1
375S0
2Sci22
35252
42857
48333
53373!
00904 1
02834
1951
2975
2303
2821)
3361
3.130
390t)
The number of vessels in Sydney liarl)our en 17tli March, 183.f, was 43 (12,4;)9 tons', and this is a slack tin\o of
the vcav.
J
432
NEW SOUTH WALES.— COMMKRCE. MONKTARY SYSTKM.
Return of (lie principal Artlcira imported Into New 8niith W«lei lince the Year IHW.
i
3
'a,
in
e
i
a
<n
i
■
"rf'T,
a.
H
8
a
"S
u
Ij
(A
i
1
Hi
gallona.
(Rlliins.
italliins.
Ida.
IhK.
Iba. 1 Iba.
Iba.
yards.
yard*.
yirda.
Mf.
lh<.
1828..
.13BU78
107300
1U47S0
120401
4412800
1370H 710370
384007
0.5010:)
.151752
3104H
20849
1 3ior3s
1. l.tlHJ
IflliO..
■283108
22;i)87
238418
3.55230
1087897
3340 330432
23040 1
198212
130103
23fttO
! 1112270
1. I(I|N57
1830..
U0430
32071
2141)50
338825
17 10300
8(123
4I33I7
42171
391 444
00100
17723
• •
/ II2WI
I Oh II!)
1831..
isouro
78751
7flOfl7
002700
3110048
17380
01208
f abiiiit 1
U 05000 J
781220
70233
7200
/ 2:i ir,7!)
I lil.Vil
1H32. ,
3r330»
louio
2444U(I
10U84U
4008578
3703
1841812
84211
120001
120318
2SS07
r.'UVMn
\ l)M.']H
1833..
!{I)40HU
03973
iiwloa
4071124 :I778880
33188
307440
312419
878025
200094
2H30.5
130300
f 2 lO.IOH
\ 12!I;h
1834. .
352721
221057
22U750
789943 7443781
I
23180
31471,10
280828
1 147839
2H333H
3a9U2
303705
f i7(iii;,')
\ I4.MU
183S. .
S01282
283234
274798
1272833
8422106
200002
388458
249831
Iftt2390
140770
38413
313030*
1830. .
« Exclualve of 18071 paira of blankets, &c. &c.
Grain imported from 1828 to 1836. [B. B.]
Is
«
1
1
Rice.
0)
o
15
(2
bush.
bush.
lbs.
lbs.
tons.
1828
8.17 16
8689
320640
401578
369
1829 107929
2575
42076
183703
,548
1830i 70904
183
2226
29H98
190
1831 71892
758
3581.54
54161
142
1832 44908
977
30072
88052
93
1833 19507
7081
14272
39200
422
1834 155C8
6818
345896
407680
408
183.5 122908
12(131
1377018
1139551
520
183C
263956
27567
4385550
474358
1304
803288
66679
6875904
2818181
3996
XIII. Previous to 1817, the circulating medium of
the colony consisted principally of the private notes
of merchants, traders, shopkeepers and publicans, the
amount being sometimes so low as 6d. To remedy
the evils attendant on such a state of things, the —
Bank of New South Wales was in 1827 incor-
porated by a charter under the seal of the colony,
with a capital stock of 20,000/. sterling, raised in
shares of lOOi. each. The amount of shares sub-
scribed was 12,600/., and notes were issued by the
bank for 2s. M., hs., ids., U., and 5/. In the first
year of its incorporation, the bills discounted by the
bank amounted to only 12,193/.; in 1818 they rose
to 81,672/.; in 1819 to 107,256/., demonstrating fully
the necessity that existed for such an establishment,
and the advantages that result from it. Interest was
not uncommon at the rate of 1 per cent, per annum.
The dividends declared in 1818 were at the rate of 12
percent.; for 1819,21 percent.; for 1820 and 1821,
12 per cent. ; and for 1822, 15 per cent. The charter
was granted for seven years, which was of course
renewed. Flach shareholder is responsible for the
whole of the proceedings of the bank, thus giving
greater stability to the institution, and securing a
more careful management of its transactions.
The Bank seldom advances money upon real se-
curities of any description, nor does it grant cash
credits, or allow any interest upon currtMit accounts,
or permanent lodgments of cash. The noiniiinl capital
of the Bank of New South Walts is about l'i(),(ioi;/.
divided into one thousand five hundred 100/. slmrcs.
The amount of capital paid up is about :t,'i,O00/.
The affairs of the institution are maimgud by a pre-
sident and eleven directors, who are elected hy the
shareholders from their own number, on ai count i)f
their inlluence and respectability. Every 50/. paid up
gives a vote.
Almost from its first establishment, it hiis yiclilod
the shareholders a dividend of from 15 to 20 per cunt.;
a rate of profit which, considering that its transac-
tions are restricted to the discounting of three months'
bills, must be highly satisfactory to its sharcholdtrs ;
and it is a remarkable fact, that the establishment has
never sustained any actual losses through the non-
payment of the paper which it has discounted. I'p
to the year 1824, the bank discounted at the rate of
8 per cent., after which the rate of discount was in-
creased to 10 per cent., at which it has ever since
continued. The colonial government pays and re-
ceives in specie only ; and in consequence of its
receipts, from the customs, duties, sales, and leases
of land, and other sources of revenue, having consi-
derably exceeded the amount of its disbursements, it
has from time to time gradually withdrawn from cir-
culation nearly all the specie in the colony. In con-
sequence of this and the remittances occasionally
made of specie to Canton and other places with which
a trade is carried on by the colonists, the bank of j
New South Wales, though far more than solvent, has
more than once been under the necessity of suspend-
ing the payment of specie on demand. It is a fact
highly creditable to the bank and to the colonists in
general, that owing to the last severe drought during
the panic which occurred in 1826, and which continued j
for three years with little intermission, thi^re were
bills to the amount of 18,000/. ovc- :iuc to the hank, |
while the whole capita
j:>,()On/. : the conlidcn
s(i irreat, that by pnidi
iif the over due bills ui
M pay a dividend all t
rent. Such, however,
liinists in the stabifity i
ment, that in no cnse
s(oned any run upon th
the inhabitants, witli
Stock .
Notes out
Deposits
Profit .
Unclaimed divi
Thi' Bank of Austmlia
a capital of 220,000/., di
wliieh 45,000/. is paid u|
man, deputy-chairman, i
necessary assistants. Li
Wales, it is one of issue
actions are limited to d
not more than three .,
facilities for remittances
does it make any advanci
kind. ^
The bank of Australia
12,000/. weekly, at 10 per
rate of interest in New Sc
m(
Stock .
Notes out .
Deposits
Accumulating fur
Profit ,
Dividend, 8 per cent.,
The flourishing state of
ludged of from the fact th
Commercial Banking Cor
Stock
Notes out .
Deposits
Profits by discount
Expenses, salaries
Interest on deposit
Loss by a forgery
Dividend, 7i per cent, fo
ALondon company, estab
7" 'neorporated by roval (
\Uustral,ma, with a capiti
"rpose of establishing bank!
w South Wales, Van Die
P'lleraents in Australasia.
' 3 K
NEW SOUTH WALB:S.— MONKTAUY SYSTKM.— BANKS. 433
while the whole capital did not nt that timi! i-xcwd | collVrs nil thi- sptrii' thi'y cnuld collrct, and by to •
■>'>,mn)t.; the eoiilidciiee of tlic piihlic, hnwever, wns lr;uiiiii!; tiom di'iimiidinn it as much as possihU', noon
s(i ^ri'iit, that hy prudent inaimu'i lent, not a sixpeiicc euuhled the hank to usuine cash payments, atid to
III till' over due hills was lost, ani< the hank continued carry on its usual traiisnctions.
til pay a dividend nil the time of from l'> to lil) per Tin notes issued hy this estulilishinent amount to
iviit. Such, however, was the contidence of the co- ahout J(),()0()/., divided info 1/., -'/., :./,, 10/., Jl)/. and
lonists in the stahinty and inteu;rity of the estahlish- ,'tO/., the greater proportion heue,; U. notes. Since
meat, that in no case has such an occurrence ucca- the year iHjCi, when dollars aiid rupees were current,
sioiu'cl any mn upon tlie hank ; hut, on the contrary, all tlii' money business of New South Wales has been
the inhabitants, with one accord, poured into its transacted in sterling, Hritish coin only being used.
Statement of Atfairs ;iOth June, 1836.
Stock t'!)2,y.^.') Hills difcounted . . . . £214,89:}
. 74.7r)l
2,i-)24
300
Notes out
. 32,222
Coin .
Deposits
. 1.^)9,131
Mortgages .
I'rotlt ....
. 7,946
Furniture, &(
Unclaimed dividends
214
Total . £'292,168 Total . i'2y2,46H
Dividend, 30th June 1836, 9 per cent.
Tho Bank of Aiistrnlia was instituted in 1826, with ' The establishment has been hi'.;hly prosperous ever
a ciipitid of 220,000/., divided into several shares, of ; since its commencement, and has hitherto paid the
wliicli 4.'i,000/. is paid ui). It is managed by a chair- shareholders an annual dividend of 12 to 1,') per cent,
mail, ileputy-chairman, and eigiit directors, with the upon the capital paid up. The notes issued by this
mtcssary assistants. Like the bank of New South
Wales, it is one of issue and deposit ; and its trans-
actions are limited to discounting bills which have
not more than three months to run. It affords no
facilities for remittances to Kurope or elsewhere, nor
does it make any advances on real securities of any
kind.
The bank of Australia discounts from I0,000<. to
12,000/. weekly, at 10 per cent., which is the current
rate of interest in New South Wales.
bank are for I/. 2/. ')/. 10/. 20/. and oO/. ; its circular
tion being ahout 25,000/.
In the year 182(;, a gang of thieves, having ol)-
taincd access to its strong room from a drain which
passed beneath it, robbed the bank of nearly .OiOOO/.
in cash and notes, but a portion of this was recovered,
and the actual loss sustained was nut more perhaps
than 2,000/. One tifth of the nctt protits of this
bank is reserved for a sinking fund or " rest."
Stock
Notes out .
Deposits
Accumulating fund
Profit .
Statement of affairs, 30th June, 1836.
£92,9.').5 Bills discounted
37,103 Coin .
147,501 Mortgages
2,000 Bonds
. 8,8.').')
Total
Total
£223,130
.'■)4,r.02
3,400
613
£281,645
£281,645
Dividend, 8 per cent., with 2i per cent, from the accumulating fund, making the dividend for the
half year lOi per cent.
The flourishing state of these two banks may be I South NVales bank were recently sold at 95 premium
I judged of from the fact that, 10 shares of the New | and 28 of the bank of Australia at 75 to 80.
Commercial Banking Company of Sydney, instituted November, 1834, capital 300,000/., in 3,000 shares.
Statement of affairs, 30th June, 1836.
Stock ....
Notes out ....
Deposits ...
Protits by discount
Expenses, salaries .
Interest on deposits .
Loss by a forgery . ,
£115,567
Bills discounted
£201,587
30,320
Coin .....
40,645
99,036
Bonds .....
6,274
9,864
Balances due by other banks
4,973
803
Real estate ....
. 2,325
1,081
9
Furniture, &c. .
876
Total
Total
£256,680
£256,680
Dividend, 7i per cent, for that half year. Interest at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum allowed on
balances of current accounts.
A London company, established March, 1834, has
ten incorporated by royal charter, called the Bunk
hi AntraUtsia, with a capital of 200,000/., for the
|piirpose of establishing banks of issue pnd deposit in
pw South Wales, Van Diemen's Land, and other
I Elements in Australasia. One half of the com-
3 K
pany's capital paid up before the commencement of
business, and the entire capital within two years.
The stock is divided into 5,000 shares of 40/. each
(500 of which were reserved for allotment in the
colonies), to be paid up as follows : — 10/. per share
at the time of subscribing, II. at three months from
ini
',k;
■ t
•■•^J ! J,
Is^i '■!*
i'*; ,. I
., W':i
•IT I
NF.W SOUTH W \I,FS.— MOMTAnV SYSTKM.—BaNKS.
t hut (Into, f<l. lit nix month*, ;U. at nine nionHiH, 4/. them re«|K'ctivfly, in the following pmiMirtiunK _
nt twelve moiithn, ,'>/. at Ht'tcen months, and ft/, nt Hvc nhiires and uniUr l(>, one vote ; lo nlmren nmi
einliteen nioiitlis. niider •Ji), two votin ; 20 ;dmic's mid under .'lO, tlirii
The rMiinin,'i'mint of tlie ef)in|inny's iilVnirs ii vested voles ; TiO luid iipwiirilH, lour votes, and not iiiori'
in the London lloiird of Directors, ii|i|.oiiite(l by the The followiiii; shews the pronress and the iirosinrity'
proprietors, nnd the hnnkn in the eolonii's nre con- of the estiililishnient.
dueted hy loeiil ilirectorH nnd other persons duly TluMiiuik of Aostriilasia eommcnecd hnsiness in the
(|Uilitii'd, Hppointed hy the directors in London. j eoiony I Ith Deceinher, Ih;»:>, Capital 'jdii.diio/.
'Ihc proprielorn lire entitled to vote nt tlu' iiinuiar paid up. Inten^l allowed on eurivnl accounts at the'
niucting, according to the number of sliarea held hy rate of 4 per cent, per unnnin.
Statement of ufTnirs, llth April, iH.ir;.
Notes in rirciiliition not benrinf; Interest
l'>llh in circulation not heiirin^ interest
Itills nnd notes in eireiilntion bearing interest
Hiilniice dill' to other liiuiks
(nsh deposited not bearing' interest
C.'a.sh depoiiited bearing interest
i.'ri,7.'>.'> Coin mid liiillion in hiuik
2,.')0s l.iinded property id' the corporntion
Dills of other blinks
Hnlnnce due from other banks ,
li4, 1 1'.> Uills and debts due to the hunk
10,101')
Total liabilities within the rolonv
f4:t,8lK
Total assets within the colony
t''-'.'.,'j.-,(;
fiO,.(Ki;
tsii.lTI
Realized prntits to the .'Ust December, iMltfi, form-
ini; the "dividend or dividing fund," 1 l,7'2'^/. The
profits of till' year tcrmiiiiitiiiK the .'list December
lH.'i7, niter deduct ill}; the whole of t lie nniuinl expenses,
htifh in the colonies mid in lomloii, for tbnt yenr ;
and also a further sum in part liipiidiition of the pre-
liminiiry expenses, arcordint; to the principle laid
down in the previous reports, nre 21,'.K)H/. ; making; a
total of '.il\,(VM',l, Out of which linve hern jiiiid to the
proprietors — Midsiimiiicr dividend for Ih;)7, h,0(I()/. ;
Christmas ditto, H, 00(1/. ; total Ki.ooo/. I.enviiiKthe
Bum of 20,''i;i('i/. l'2s. 10/. as the amount of divisible
fund on the .'tl^t Di'ceiulier lust. The dinctois bnve
therefore the sntistuction of nnnoiinciiiK their inten-
tion of declann;; a dividend upon the original shares
of 4 per cent, for the first half year of lH38, ending
the 30th instant ; being after the rate of H per cent,
per annum.
In addition to the above assets, the average amount
of the paid up cnpitnls of the corporntion in hands of
the court of directors in London, for the use of the
coloninl establishment, was 'J.s,(');'iO/.
Australian Marine Assurance Company, established
January, IH.'tl, capital I -10 000/., 11,000/. paid iij) ;
dividend, ,'50th July, IH'M'i, 8i per cent, for that half
year.
Union Assurance Company of Sydney, established
January, 18,3C), capital li.SO.OOOA, in .'),000 shares,
capital paid up, 21. per shnrL — 12,.')00/. Profits not
to he divided for three years. Capital increased to
IC.fi.'')!)/. 30th June, lH3r).
Coin in liirulutiun. [B. B. 183f).] The whole
amount of British coin in the colony is estimated at
about 44,'), 000/., and of this sum there was, on the
31st December, IHIU;, in the Colonial treasury,
2 18, ('.30/.; in the bank of New South Wales, 73,342/.;
in the br.nk of Australia, 44,048/.; in the hank of
Australasia, .50,()0>'j/, ; in the Commercial bank,
39,2.34/. ; total, 42,'),2:)'J/.
The amount of coin in the bank of Australasia is
taken from the half yearly avera;;e of the weekly
liabilities and assets of that bank in New South Wales,
from 12th April to 10th October, 183(), published in
conformity with the charter of the hank ; the board
of directors having refused to supply the local go-
vernment with any other information than that which
the charter prescribes.
Amount of paper ciirrevry in rirvulitlinn . [B. B.
1836 ] The paper currency in circulation consists of
notes of the bank of New South Wales, bank of
I Aiisfrnlin, bank of Australasia, and CommercinI l)mil»
The amount of these notes in circulation im .'Hm
December, lN3(i, was notes of the bank of NewSmitli
I Wales, 2.''),<;C.,-)/. ; bniik of Australia, 2<,), 2 f./. ; hm\,
; of Aiistriilnsia, 1 1,8 u;/. ; Commercial bank, .'I.',?.!!/. ;
! total, ;»'.•, 187/. [The information respeetiii); tlie niitcs
in the hank of .Aiistr.dasin has been derived fruin tlic
I same source as that relating to coin, explaiiieil In tl.i
note iiiKler that head.]
j The bank of New South Wales, the liniik of Aib.
j tralin, and the Commereial bank nre .joint Stii(i
companies, the shares in which are triiiisieiahle. '\\\\-
hank of Aiistralasin is n chartered bank. The iiiitcs
nre all of sterling deiioniination, and are cnimrtihlf
into British money on demand.
The great portion of the circulation in this colimy
is carried on by drafts or che(pies on one of the fimr j
hanks ; the mass of pecuniary transactions eentcriii:;
in Sydney, and almost every individual of |in)|uity|
having an account with one or other of the liniik-, iii|
which for security a large portion of their eiisli i^
lodged.
Course of rrrhiivi:!-. [R.B. I83r..] Bills on the j
Lord's Conunissioners of His Majesty's treasury iirti
drawn at par, under a notice issued by the Drpiityl
Commissary (ieneral, dated 28th Kehniary, Is.i,^,
Bills of private individuals are negotiated at a dis-j
count varying from 2^ to "i ))er cent. I'Vwifanyf
bills are negotiated on foreign countries, aiul no riitej
of exchange on such bills can therefore he (pintiil.
Jintr of interest. [B. B. 1830.] Eight per cent. |urj
annum is allowed in cases before the courts of lawurl
ecpiity when no rate has previously been ngrccd upon,]
inidcr nuthority of the act of council, ,'> W. I V.sce. in.
The hank of New South Wales, bank of Austriiiiii,!
bank of Australasia, Commercial bank, and Siivini:'s|
bank charge discount upon bills at the rate of 11) pi'rl
cent. |)er annum. The Saving's bank allows, lorT
money deposited therein, interest at the rate of,') porl
cent, per annum. The other banks allow 1 perccnt.j
per annum on all current amounts.
Unte.s of Inmrnnce at Sydney, N. S. W., March li
1838. — London and Liverpool, 2i to 3 per cent.
Hobart Town, 1 percent.; Launceston, U percent.
Swan River, 4 jier cent. ; New Zealand, 1 per cint.
South Sea Islands, 2 per cent.
The value of property annually created in Ni'\|
South Wales is estimated at 2,3(;r),(')(i4/. ; movciihli'J
3,703,000/.; immoveable, 19,L')0,000/.
XIV. The chief staple product of New South \Va!c> 11
Nl
w'Mil. The intrndiieti
ftiii owing to the liiti
bnek as I7'.>3, that ^
convinced that the gri
Walis were adapted fi
years after, he obtain
(npfain Kent, K, N.,
■iiiiiie other stock ft
nit'iit, from the Cape
vinie of the pure bree
(liivernnient. Mr. M
iT'iss his coarse fleecei
in ten years his Hock, i
Hciifinl animals, wns in
wcit hers were slnutrhfe
111 lH(»;i, Mr. M'Arthu
<ainpU's of his wool toi
Origin and Progress n
Land ; the Data hi
Year.
I7!>0
I7!»l 1
.Sept. /
1792
1793
I791
179.'.
I79'i
1797
1801
Names of Sh
None
Gorgon
Atlantic
Humancr
Oicdalus
None
Britannia
In this intcr\
sheep impo
Total number
not exceedii
From this dati
available shi
imported.
iw
iw
\m
m
lull)
ISI3
m
m
I.1III
imr
IHI8
1819
\m '
l«2l
a
e B 5 3 1 111
r '
o'"q I*-'"''
orsr
s;
,,
;;
1
..
'■'■ (x
. .
*
■■
••
aj
;l 11)777
127,18,1
|l7-.ila8
H 170
*im
., * '*,''.''"' this period an im
unan Dii-man's Land. t '1
v.-l{;m%l. (see his report to t
^•P' jn- II Commissioner
™i the Parliamentary Tahlt
>^«l^K„owlcd,e. ^iVal
NKVV SOUTH WALKS.— STAIM.K IMIODIJCTS AND i'UOI'KUTY,
4:ift
L'so,i;i
the four
I't'Utl'I'ilm
linilHity
li:iiik>, in I
i>ir ciijli i*
oil tlio I
.■asiiry arc
Dcpiitvl
iiry, H.-l'i.
at ii ilh-
■'I'W it liny I
mil 110 nitc|
(lunti'il.
cent, perl
of law iir|
K^•^\ upon,
IV.si'C.li'.
Austn.lia,!
Saviiii:'s|
of lOpi-rl
illows, tiirT
te of 'i pon
1 piT cent.]
March \1
per cent,
per cent,
per CI lit.
'd ill Nev
movealilel
111 \Y3!e> il
»iol. The introdnrtlori of tliisnrtU'le into the colony vvlio Impiicnrd to In- tluii iii l.iiinloii, nnd if wns so
wn owing to till" lute Jdliii M'Artlirr l''.!i(|. So loiiu; niiiili n|i|irovi'(l tlint Mr. .M'.Villiiir ii|i|iiiirril lu'fcirc
hncli n* I7'.)''<, tlii>t iiitt'rpriMin); Kriitlciimn lu'tanu' tlir I'risy (loiiiii'll, iiiiil laid In line tluiii Ins pliins fur
convino'd thut till' iirHiifs anil rliinati' of Ni'w South ri'ndrrini; Kiml nid imlfpi'iidi lit of fun inn roiintiii'it
Wslri wiTo Hilaptcd to Mnino shi>rp, nnd iiliuiit two tor a Mipply of tin' liist woolsi. '\'\w I'livy Couni'il
vi'iirt lifter, hi' iilitaini'd a nun and two <'wr.i from iidoptiil Mr. M'Arthiu's vii'W'*, and 'Ailh tlii'ir I'n-
(nptnin Kent, K. N., who lind hroiiKht thi'in, with ciiiirii'.;!'!!!! nt, hi' piinhasi'd Ironi the M< liiio llork of
•diiio other stork for tin' Hiipply of tin* xittle- liis Mijrsty CJeoit^e tlir Thud, two I'Wis and thru'
nu'iit, from the Cape of (iood Mop.', to whiih pliu'e ': lanit, with whieh he ri'tiiiiied to New South Wales
vinie »f the piiri' lirerd had liei'ii tint liy the Dutch i in InOli, appropriately calling the veHitel ill wliii'h liiii
tloverninent. Mr. M'Arthiir iniincdiati'lv l)t>;an to i khIiIiii lleeic was iinlmrked the * ,//i"'.' Such wai
enwH his coarse llceccd Hlicep with the Meriiei, and ilio origin of the rapidly iiicreasint; tlocks of New
111 ten years his Hock, winch consistrd oiij,'inally of 7(1 South Wales, whose iiuinhers are now iipvsards of n
jlcn^id aiiinials, was Incrrast'd to l,)iilll, nitlioiiuh the million, and whose wiiol has Inoiiuht as liiK'h as IO.t.
weatliers were slaiichteri'd as tliey lii'i'aine lit for food. II'. /"/■ Hi. in the London nmiketl The lollowini;
III |Kii;!, Mr. M'Arthur levisited l''.n(,'land, exiiihited t tiilile was prepared liy the Agricultural Asinociation of
-iiiiiples of his wool tou conunittei' of niunnfictiMers, I Western .Vistiulia.
Origin anil I'rn;^ri'ss of the Flocks, iiiid I'ldduction of Wool, of New Smith Wales and Van Dieinen's
l^nd i the Data being collected front the several ruhlications referred to nt the end of the lUport.
Year.
I7',H)
\vn '
Sept.
17^2
I79;t
I"!) I
I7'.».'>
I71»';
1797
I8U1
Names of Ships
None
Gorgon
Atlantic
Huinaner
Dicdalus
None
Britannia
Whence.
Cape
Calcutta
Ditto .
Nootka Sound
Nuinher of Shce|)
imported.
Cape. . . .
In this interval the number of
sliccp imported was less than
Total numhor of sheep imported
not exceeding
From this date there is no record
available shewing the number
imported.
None.
CH
20
About 100, having
embarked 220,
more than half of
which were lo.st.
4
12
I 100
:!0J
Number of Sheep
existing in the
Colony.
None.
.'i? in November.
lO.") in October.
No enumeration.
1 .'•.;< I J '
Annual Rate of
Increase.
70 per Cent.
2 1"'7 ) f ;i f ditto, allowing
(>7,'')7 J ■ ' \ for imimrtutiuns.
11
a.
(Miinllty
a
>■
No. of S
in \ a
Dienie
Lane
TolHl ill
lliilli
(Joliinie.s
.Iniiiiul Kate
of Increase.
of Wool
lui|iorti'il
into
KiiKlaiiil.
IWI
IW
fl7.'>7
07.571
101^7
Tii {>" cent.
1»M'
2l.tlhs
IMt
m
••
^■i.Ti.'vn
• -io nearly
bm
m
, .
.Ml.'ill
107
mi
,.
(i.'Ji'il
m
,,
1
.T2071
\m
,,
1
•25
7;il71
\m
,,
i
lllllll
Ml
f 17UW0
No lelnrii.
m
■ •
127S<8.3
1
HO.l'Mlh!,
1819
••
||17'i|-M
I
• llj
74'iH5
\m
..
lli-/4UH
1
HIllMl.t
\m
Jl 19777
♦••iltOIOS
1
17MI3
?■ Jl
a.
1
£m
■^2=^
Qnnntttv
of Woof
J
= =2
(/) M Ij^O
Total in Annual lliite
2
>•
liolli 1 of Ini.'riae.
('olonleH
iiii;'oiii'(|
iiilo
SC «3
y.
I
Kii'jiand.
l»m
i;iH4l)8
is-«
..
477'201
IN'21
..
;tH'i!)(l7
IH-.23
..
.'I'^.l'HM
I8'^U
. ,
17
llllU^IO'i
IH-27
..
530775
.'•f^7.')8
IK'Wl
.13031tl
1
K>741HO
IH-iit
..
■ ■
1
IH.Isflia
ih:io
304775
080740
1185515.
IIMt7;iU0
IS.II
. ,
, ,
•2I!I3:)37
1K.I'.2
00417'i
•ilWSMir
IH.l.t
, ,
a-'iiLNHOt;
Ih;i4
loouoou
, .
4l)(il)75U{||{
iH;t.)
••
..
ll70'2 hales, at
3nlh-.|)Mbalf
4.'il)«'20O$$
1830
• •
•i
:i78;i iiuto at
.'iultis. perliule
.WtOdftOf^
♦ Abcnt this period an importation of .sheep from BeiiRal, Sydney, and Norfolk Island, formed the Imsis of tlic flocks
ofVan Uicman's Land. t The value of the wool exported from Sydney for this year, is estimated by (ieneral Darling
itW,;W8/. (see his report to the Colonial Office, April, 1H3H,) and applies to the exports of IH'27. t Quarterly Ucview,
III, p. 3H. II Commissioner Hlgge's Hcport. % Treatise on Sheep. *• Wentworth. p. lO-l and 4H1.— The wool is
torn tlie Parliamentary Tallies. t+ Parliamentary Tables. Jt From Treatise on Sheep— Society for the Diffusion of
IseiQl Knowledge. m Mwtin. ^ Parliament Return. ^^| I'ailianientary Keturn.— This quantity includes
>wan River.
t "1
*tw
!'
•>:ir,
NKW SOUTH WALKS— STAI'I.K I'liODlKTS, WOOL Hv.
NIO
liiliilii of till' (M;illllly 111 SlKcpN Wii
.Siiiilh Wall's Kliifi- llic Y
ul nlllppl'll fllllll Nl'W
'HI |H(I7.
Yi'iir.
lllH.
Vi'iir.
Illo.
V.'lll.
Ills. :
Y riir.
lllH.
IHII7.
•il.l
1H1!I .
. 7ri'<i
l-'iil .
.t.V2|lll» '
ii«:i:t.
I7;ir.iii.i
INIIM,
ftll'^
Is/O .
, nil lift
iH'v; .
. Ill; 1 III
In:ii.
Ti iiiii;i.i
IMII.
1(17
I-.'^! .
. i;. -11:1.1
IM7W .
. n;ii:ii:i
IH.I.'t.
:iNiMii'j;
ISI.V
:\w} 1
IM'2'.".
. l7-i-hll
lHl\t .
. iiii>.i;i;i:i
|h:i(|.
.;iijii.TMi
IHIII.
7.1171
I-'M .
. IIIH'il"
ih:iiii.
, nii(;.lii
1n;17.
IHI7.
1. Ill III
\Hl\ .
.'^r.'i.'iiiii
ih:ii .
. 1 llll'iHI
IHIH.
hiKfja
ii^n .
.'IIKIilll
IH^'i .
. lai.tiaii
• Till' wi'lclil" prcd.iiiH In ihr vi'iu \HTl iiii- InKfii I'lniii llii'
Knullsh (iisliiiii lliiiiM' III h: ilii'ir Ih'Iii': im iirmil In llu'
niliiiiv liiiiii |i'^'/ 111 ls:t.'i, Ihi'V nil' ili'livi'il lliiiii till' IiiiiiImi oI
till' .Syiliicy < iislniii lliiiiM'.
t \Miiii' llii' wiliilil It uii;ilri III pri'fi'illinj lliiin In iiilli«r
•liii'lil )riii>, il ilcM" mil iiilM' Uniii a rcs-allnn iil iiiciriin' In
the Wi'liilil nliiirii, lull limn tailiillmi In llir lii I' hIiIjiiiii'IiI.
Till' fiillowiiii; iliitii K'lntivc ti> till' |iri);;r(".s of tlic
wool tnult' ill .Aiistriiliisia iiic tiiKni tiuiii ii ri'|iiiit of
till' ciMmiiiltci' ii|i|iiiiiiti'il l>y llii' A'^iii'iiltiinil Sncuty
of Wi'sti'iii Austialia to iiivc.'ilii^ali' Ilii' siiliji'i't :•
All till' imliliialiMiis oil tlir Ail--liiiliaii riiloiiii-s,
wliii'li I'liilinu'i' till' lopii's of i\i;rii'iiltiiii' niiil i;i'iit'iiil
Ktuti.stics, Imvi' iiiilii'iil till" aiiulioialjii^; iiilliiiiici' of
till' I'liiimti' on till' lli'i'cr.s of till' iiiitivi' or iiiiporli'il
slu'i'|i, iiiilr|iriiili'iilly of tlir iiii|ilovriii('iit rlVntril liy
the systi'iii of iiiis.siii};, f;i'noiiilly luloiitril, of liiti- ycurs,
hy till- llock-liolili'i's.
It was, in fui't, this |ii'i'nlinrity of tlii' cliiiiiito or
imsliirii);i', or innluilily tin- ii ^iii'iirc of holli I'liiii-
liinril, wliirh, iis tally i\m the yi'iir IT'.lV, iitlrai'ti'il I hi'
iitti'iitiim of till- lull' Caiit. J. M'Arthiir, anil iiiiliii'iil
him to coinnii'iu'i' n sorirs of rxprrliiiriits for thr
furtlii'r ri'liiiiMiu'iit of tlir lli'rci-, liy tlii' intioiliii'lion
of a Irw S|):iiii:.li nIii'i'|i. 'I'lii' ni|iiil iiii|)rovi'iiu'iit
whirh lollowiil ill till' I'lnirst' of tliiri' or four yi'ars
wa.H no Irss ;;ralifyiiif; tlnin siirpiisiiii; ; anil, ciiii-
vilifi'd liy tlirsi' Ni'i ri'.ssfiil I'xpii iiiiinls, hi- pinsiii'il
the olijti't until II lull' pi'rioil of his hie with uiiniisin^
pi'rsi'vi'raiii'i', iiml with ri'siills nt oiiri.' Iiriii'liiiiil to
liiniKrlf anil to lii-. ailoptid iniintry.
In tilt' statiiiiiiit pri'siiittil hy {'iiptiiin M'Artlnir
to l.oni llohiut in IHli.'t, lie lulviils in slinii'.', terms
to tin." point ;~-tliul Ills lloek, then eoiisistint; of l,(Mlo
sheep, was ilniviil Iroiii :iil Indian slieep piireliasid
ill 17;).! friiiii n ship which mi rived nt Sydney from
(aleiitta, to whieh he had iidiled nlioiit ten of the
Spanish and Irish lireeds, and siiliMipieiitly the lloek
llellln|J;ill^; to .'iiiother olVieer, ()rii;iiiatiiiK froni the
saiiie niiinhi r and from the same vessel.
'I'lie rapid iiiipioveiiieiit of the lleeee in Aiislriiliu
hy the iiilliieiiee of the eiiiiiate only, is liirtlier eoii-
tirmed hy the evideiiee of seviiiil witnesses, wool-
stnplers, and others, exiiinined hefoie the " Select
('oiiiliiittee of the House of l.oitis appiiinted to
take into consideration the state of the llritisli Wool
Trade." in I'l'.^H. Mr. Henry lliii^hes, an einiiieiit
Ulaekvvell Hall hietor, i^ave his evidenee in the fol-
lowing terms : —
"The ipiality of the wool was ori;;iiiully very liiid,
hut the ilimate has a most extniordinaiy ell'ei I on the
(Icecc ;" iiiitl ii(j;iiin, "the lleeees ol sheep impoiled
into those eolonies have improved In a vvondeifnl
dCRive, whieh eaiinot he aeeiiiinlt d for hy the hest
jliilni'H, except friiin the elimate." " I have froiii
New South Wales some lleeees shorn oil' lierniiin
Rliet'li, niter lliey had heen in the colony iihoiit Hi
months, and tlie iinpiovenieiit was so ext inordinary,
that I have had most of the (lerinan meii'hants now
in London to sec them ; and, if I may use the phrase,
th( y were aslonished at the i;reat improvemeiil the
climnte had made in the lleite." Mr. S. Donaldson
and several other witnesses attest to tho unme rfrcct.
The eomiiiiltee eiinstrnctid the tahle (p. lit.'!), shew,
iin;, in separate colimiiis, in every iiistniiic wlii'ii-
they have heen ahli' to collect the rcipiiied dalii, lli,
tiate of arrival, the niiiiiher of sheep iiiipoilnl. tin ir
nniiiial aeeiimiilation, the ipiantity of wool eNpintiij,
Xe., eoinmeiicint; from the year 171' I, when the riiim.
dalion of the present Hocks in the eolnnv of Ni-w
South Wales was laid, hy the arrival of the (t'i'/;;iiii,
in the month of Septeinher, from the (,'apc of (iiunl
Hope, haviii)^ on hcmrd t'<H sheep.
The previous ellnrts of the colonists for the pinpusi'
of ohtainint; live stock, and their total hiihire, may lie
lirst hrielly slateil.
The Ihst expedition landed on the LMIIIi .laiiiiiiiy.
I 7hh, and in the followinj; iiionth a census of llu' Iim'
stock, imported with it, was taken, cui.sisliiij; of Inur
I'ow.H, one hull, one stallion three iiiares, ami iiiii'
colt, l)i"<ides some pi;;s and poultry, lletwein tliis
dale and the month of ,\|iril it appears that suiui'
sheep hail lieen iiitiuduced, il hciii;; reiiiiii kid liy(';i|il.
Watkili Tench, that a ^';real iliminutioii in llini' iiiiiii
her had taken place, hy had pasliua:.e ami other
eau't's. In May there were 'J'.t sheep; ami in .hiiu'
the niisfoit line occurred of all the horned cattle, enn.
sistini; of two hulls and live cows, slniyini; aw.iy iiilu
the hush ; where they remained, 'indiseoveri'd, until
the year 1 7'.l."i, when they, with their prop;eiiy, uiiniiint.
ill); ill all to ahout (itl head, weie I'oiind in the iiiii;li.
hoiirhood of the Nepeiin Kiver. In .lime, lT!in,
II. M. S. Iliiiiiilidii arrived from the Cape uf (Intiil
Hope, where had heen emhaikeil a ipiaiitity nf livi'
stoi'k, inciudiiiK sheep, hiil the whole were di'sliuy il
during the voyaj;i' ; and the disastrous history nriiii-i
lirst slock of sheep iiiid cattle is siiiMiiieil up, in Ihc
month 111 Noveiiilier, I 7'.M), hy the aiithor helme ipmti'il
with the remark, that "They have not, at tliistinu',
eilher horse, cow, or sheep here."
Such are the great improvemeiits in iinvii;alinii,
that the expense of seinliiif: the lli'ece to 1 oiuloii
fiiim Australia, a distance of l:'i,(i(MI miles, is mil inini'
than .'til/, per Ih. includiiij^ lrei;;lit, insurance, Inokii-
iij;e, eoniniissioii, thick and hindiii}; chinas, wliili'tlie
expense of tiaiisniittiii!; (ieruian or Spanish wuiiN In
l'jii;liind is Irom \il. to Mil. per Ih.
The rate of meiense in Western Australia h:is liiiii
neiirly 10 per cent, per annum ; and tiie iiinnliir iil
sheep in the colony, in 1h:I7, ahonl 12,0(111, uf wliniii
10,000 were ewes or ewe laiiihs.
The progress of cult iviit ion anil of live stock in Niw
South Wales since its setlleinent in l7sH, will In'
seen hy the hilliiwiii;; statament.
LAN I).
i;sH
ISIII
IN'JII
IH'J.'i
IhJS
Ih:i;i
I'olal Nn.
KMOin'tl
iir htilil.
Aori'i!.
|Yvl;i7
:iHMil()
(lr:ili|l!l
■.ii.llKi.l III
.Mill 1 1;
Cleared
or
Pasture.
AercH.
HMW
:ll|ll!l.^
I'.>;h,-h
'j;ii,'.r;i
I.
IS
o
S
Aeri'H.
No.
7
i:i;n(i
III!
;ij'.7l
IIIU
•l.'i.MI
(ill'J
rl.^•J:l
I'jirii
■ I V K S lOCK.
Nil ii'liu'iin.
T3 •
— -,
'
a "^
eg
q
o rt
^
i>
S'-'
^
Nt).
No.
'-'!l
m
II '^-11
lll.'.iMI
t!
(iMiiii, mi;;;
i;ii,M!i'.i;ir(i'.;'j|
'^(l'jslis,.i;ili;i|il
II) April, I7HH, three months alter the forniiitiuii of
the settlement, the whole of the live stuik in tin'
coloiiv consisted of -1 stallion, ;t mares, M culls, :.'
hulls, '.'■i cows, -JO sheep, I'.l Koals, I'.l lilies. L'.'i |iiK»,
.'i rahhits, Istiirkics, L>'.) geese, M.'i diickB, It:! fmvis,
and ^^7 chiikeiis.
Ciiiintlrs anil
I'lirliillUa.
.Ii'/fi//''.
Oiiiilliiirni'
lliinpiiiln
Iliil/iiirsI,
llllllllHst •
lllin/i.
CllBsills
Ihlnliiine,
MiTtim
liivi'inii'ln
t'timtti'ti.
Illnwiuru .
Stiiiiripiiury .
Ilrrrliiiii .
/'iifiA'.
Wiiiilsiir .
Villi' 111 Clwyil .
I'lniitit-fliiint.
I'limiiiiutlii
I.lvi'rpiiiil .
liiiiipliull Tiiwii
I'VIIII
WliiilMir, Itlrluiiiiiitl
ihii-hiiin.
MiTliin
I'litrlfk's I'liiliiH
lliiiii,'eif, tipper
WiiiH. Illver .
I'ntiTsmi .
(tnirniiinii.
IMIlillsl .
Illniifislrr.
Itiijiiiiinil I'l'miro
I'nil Sli-plifiis .
iliiiiltf,
WinilNiir .
I'nlrii'k'.s I'IhIiih
Mi'iluii
Miininiirif,
T'lil Mai'i|iiiirlo
\ttvlhutufirftitml,
WliiiKitr
lliisliiim' Water
Si'wi'nMli"
Miiltliiiiil .
I'lilili'k's I'laliiM
riiilliii.
Illitliiirst .
Hmhiirt^li,
llnlliiMhl .
SI. \ inrntf,
llliiwiiirii .
Niiiiiher of Cattle
IHL>H tn iHlir, : IH.'tO,
ltl,;»IN; 1,SH2, i:i Ki;)
'•*''''>, I :t, It'll'; IHiir,,
N'liiiilier (if Cattle
"uii numtli of the yi
.|:i
1(1
I
NEW SOUTH WALKS.— STAl'I.K rUODUCTS AND AC.IUC'Ul.TUlUi;
Ciiltivnlloii nnU l*rotluci< of New South Wale* In Ih:i(I. ill. II. |
•i:t7
Ciiiintli'H mill
I'lU'iiiliua.
Nntiiru of ('ri>|i, iitul No. of Acrm
of l.nnil In ciicli (^rop.
.liVV/c.
(l<iulliiirm'
lliiiiKi'iilii
lliilhiirHl,
lliillinint .
Illii;/!-
CushIIIh
Hrlxliiini:
MiTtnn
liivrinii'lii
i'limitni.
lUiiwiirni .
Sl(iii<'i|""<'i'y
llrrrliiiu .
Wlnilior .
\uliMi( Chvyil .
I'limfin-liintt.
I'lirmiiiuilii
l.lvcriuiol .
tiiiiililitll Town
rvnn
WliiilMir, Itli'lniiond
Ihn-hitm,
MiTliin
I'utiii'k'N IMuliiH
DniiKni;, llpinT
Wilis. Illvil- .
tii'or^iituu.
HlltilillHl .
Ulnllr-fSlrr.
Itiijniiitiil I'l'mu'tt
I'lirt SIcplii'iiH .
Hinittr,
Wiiiilmir .
I'lilrli'k'd IMriliiK
Mirlim
Miiniiiiirir,
l''iil Mii('i|niirlo
KdilliKiiilinlnntt,
Wliiihiir .
liilslmiii' \\n\vr
Nl'WlMlsllO
Miilllunil .
I'lilili'kN riiiliiK
Vliillip.
Ilullinr^t .
IWIinihl ,
St. I inrrttt,
llluwiurii .
II.Kl
■;iiii
'IM
lli.MI
UM)
•-'111
Vi
•J7H
Hr
(I
i(l!i:i
(III Ml
41)
!IA
HI
111
07
(101 :iA IH
5 3
551 £
Mllil'J
:m| -J
•W.Mi lOlia
rj;i»l HMH
|'Iih;| iVn
cirilrjiiii
:l(l.^
i-jiiii
.Mill
(III
•it,
:i,M
:ivll
HH.III
7(lii
.11
•Jit.'.
(lll'J
(i(l'J
•.>K
la.'iil
Mill
11(1
r4(i
•-".ill
luii 1,1(11 1 r
iiTi M(i|ir
INI H,i;i
:i:iH
Kill
•nw)
41
•Ji;
4:1
(il4
41.1
:ii
id;
i;4
ii»r
!4:i.l
4llO
■JN'j, 4:ii
urn l.i:i
'J
:i:i
I!)
Ill)
U4
I
!»
Ml
h;
!l
14(1
■J(i
'j:i
:i:i
im
Vi
■a
a
1%
nun
'iHH
(II
:i
H
7 ■i IIJ
li
111
M
•J74
I.VJ
111
7.1HIII
141.1.1
I Ado
KMIII
ll'JIIH
I '.^lillll
:i(il.'.|i
4;i7.i|»
iJi'jii
.ililul
I, -(1.1
Nni.iirp iif I'niiliico, nnil Qimnllty uf oKoh.
•1
;i:i
•i:v.\
,1
i:iii viHui;
.•iii.vi 7 iNOii
J7«M
IIHh IIII.KiH
4440
'.!0 1 1 :,
loimil
74HOh
:i4ii(i
1.1
1.1
10
170
(lOllll
:i'.':io
:i!i(iii:i
ii'-';,i
(140
I :i'.''jo
I ■-'.147
4.1 'J I
HI.I'J.I
•J7770
IMio
tido
mil
I no
4,11
1.10
■j:iimi
■JOilH.I
110
4|ii);i;i
!l
1 40711
;i7;i7
i,i|iii'j
a:iiIho
17.10
47110
iin,ii4
11.10
INOO
1 40(1
1 .11170
'j;i(lo
IllOhO
tioio
■J7i:iH
4'.! 10
(l:iHH.i
'JII40
■JOO
401,1
d
d
i
i
g
ft
^
k<
a
■g
«
M
a;
a.
H
roiiN,
Toim.
IIIW
14,1 -J
•J a
U
N.1H
AII'J
7(1
10(1
llii^h.
IHI'
11(1
IIIO
(l.id
I'JO
■JI
:i(i
4,10
1 ,1(1
I'diih.
1 i;i
(ill
;:iii
, ,
:i,H
1:1
MIJM
1:11.1
Nlll
(IHI
Wi
Mid
•■
■J04
» wl.
:i04:i
7HI
n;i|I
•J'J
1:1
nil
7(1
i:ij
llii'li.
4077
il-i,i,i
Mill
H
li/iio
riiim.
■ H
■j;l'.!K
!II7
,1H|
HI
,1004
I7(ii
!IJI
ToiiH C'wt.
4HIIII
fi.l 1
|:I1M
di
•J'J 1:1
4'."J(1
:l.i
4711(1
:i7
nil
1.1
4;iJ
cwi.
II 4
c'wt.
47"
•rn
V4I
I'j
rmiH.
H
TdHH iwt
,1.111
••
4)
d 1,1
'I'llllS.
10,17.1
;iio
1,111
f.!!l
lliivh.
I'JH
■JIIIO
,1
••
,10
l-OIIM.
1
1010
i!:i(l
4li
HH
•JJ
'J 10
'JOO
4
••
:u
»,1
•JO
1
(Wl.
Cwl,
f.(l;i
III
1 J.l
l;i
Id
no
..
I'llllH.
TiiiiH Cwt.
1 H
'I'lMlK.
U,1
, ,
40
n
1
IHI
Mill
IJ
( Wt.
4H(l
no
l|l,1
ill!
(i
CI.MU
I4.1!l
•J,10
'I'Dllt,
HtIO
71,^
IIKII
in
■J
H
110
II
llll»ll.
:i7(i
7-
1.1(1
lOIIN,
Toim Cwl.
.IH'J
HI
Ad
1 IH
t 21
l>
«__
'I'lllKI
Of
lliiy.
lAlio
:i47
ad
:iOA
•JH|»
I I OH
IIHA
(1.1H7
l:i71l
'Jl'Jd
:ii
:vi
14
I A
Ha
ill!
m1
:J 1
1
in!
1
t
S jt
NiimhiT ol" Cattli' nlaii|.'lit('ml in Svdiicv IVoin
IK'-'H to iHMli : |h;1(I, IVoin I, si .lime, AJ'fJ.'; IHIII,
Hi,:t(iH; \Kvi, lit mil; I h;i;». i;t,.M;H; ih:i4, ir),47G ;
"^•'•1, Ki.n;:; ; ih;ic,, ki.oh,', ; i.,iai, h;i,I'.mi.
Niiiiilicr (if Cuttle HJoiifjIitcn'il In Syiliiiy (iiiriiii;
"ii'li muiitli (if till' yeiir Ih;u; : .laninny ',l(l."> ; Vi'lii li-
my. I.OC.H; IMnrcli, l,l(),''ii Apill, 1,071; Mny,
l.lli'.l; .liini', 1,10'J; 'lotiil lirst .six iikiiiIIim, C.Mh;! .
.Inly, l.'KMi; AilKilst, l,(i.j:«; Sciilcliilicl , ;i.''iO ; (kto-
liir, K.'iJ; Ntivciiilii'i-, Illii!; Iliriiiili(.i, ".KI'J ; Total
last KJx niontliti, 7,7 1>.
438
NEW SOUTH WALES.— STAPLE PRODUCTS, FISHERIES, &c.
It is not possible to state with exactness the quan- 1
tity of grain raised, but its prices since the great
drought in 1827, are thus shewn : —
Yrs.
i
Flour,
quality.
Flou.',
second
quality.
.2
*3
per
busbel
s. d.
per
peck.
«. d.
per
peck.
s. d.
per
bushel
s. d.
1828
7
, .
8
1820
u a
•22
18 6
5
1830
« lU
19 11
10 lu
3 1
1831
5 6
lU (i
1*
3
1834
10
■•
••
5
1
i
o
per per
bushel bushel
per
ton.
s. d.
s. d.
s.
4
3
200
S
, ,
«0
3 4
3 2
122
2 6
2
130
4
220
6
e
i„ I 182S
loads. ; «*•
s. d. \ 1830
35
20 I
IT 7
12
The prices of horses, cattle, and sheep, which a
few years since had fallen considerably, are now on
the increase ; and as provisions are becoming a staple
export, we may soon see flour one of the imports
from Australia.
After wool, whale oil is the chief staple of the co-
lony ; this article of commerce is also of recent cre-
ation, and its progress is thus indicated :
1831
I8;i2
1833
1836
"■0.2
« z ;-•
o — u.
No. of
ships.
iV
32
31
27
40
d
M
,
,
SO
55
a
O
s
a.n
a-a-:
"•3
« 2
%
to juO
2
<n
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
No.
348
118
SO
7047
883
84
. ,
ViiM
1-JS2
27
518
541)0
1914
■•
1UU4
4072
3483
• •
420
2405
1"0«
••
1178
^86
2 0.2
04I0I
iijrNii
l-2()085
The black whale is found in abundance along the
coast of New South Wales, but the mariners prct'cr
cruizing off New Zealand, and among the beautilul
islands in the Pacific.
The sperm fishing is the most valuable, and the
extent to which it is prosecuted, may be estimated
from the number of vessels engaged in it, and which
sailed out of the Port of Sydney in 1834 : — namely,
40 vessels, 9655 tons, 1179 men.
Return of Fisheries, carried on in Vessels, belonging to, or sailing from the Colony of New South Wales in 1886. [15. B.;
Produce of Fishery
s
.a
'2 .
in
1836.
s
Name of Vessel.
§■
S Date of
*1~ 1 Clearance.
a
jB
c
■o-o
0)
S
i
In
0)
OS 3
.- ¥
'■^^
iSs"
J3
^
•c
ra
^
o
S ^
SO
jiO
0)
•
2 3«
B
s
Q
a
i
U
.c
(A
IM
0)
o.
3
1
S
J)
■A
1836
Tns
Tn»
To US
& Cwt.
No.
£.
)
Governor Bourke . .
Barque ..
214
25
lOct.
1834
16
Jan.
Sperm
90 ..
11140
2
Nimrod
Ilitto
231
30
24 June
1835
23
, ,
Ditto
U5[ ..
da 13
3
Lady Wellington
Brig ..
196
23
8 Nov.
1834
25
Ditto
73 ..
..
40 Ij
4
Persian
Ship
:iU9
21
7 Decern
1835
28
, ,
Black
.. 1 150
3000
5
Australian
Barque ..
265
31
15 Nov.
1834
9
Feb.
S|ierm
100 ..
5.100
6
Carnarvon
Ditto . .
222
30
7 Feb.
1834
5
, ,
Ditto
74
..
4050
7
Success
Schooner
96
7
21 Decern
1835
5
March
Black
20
2
570
8
Elizabeth .
Ship
363
33
8 July
1834
7
Sperm
315
i ,.
i;2w
9
Caroline .
Barque .
198
32
7Jan.
1835
11
Sperm and Black
35
120
.. j ..
4315
10
Denmark hill .
Ship
262
25
4 Decern
1835
14
Sperm
12
..
. ! ..
tijO
11
Cjenii
Brig
104
20
22 Uecem
1834
24
, ,
Ditto
60
1 . .
3230
12
Jolly RamMer
Cutter ..
58
6
24 Oct.
1835
5
April
Black
. ,
10 : H
9!0
13
Juno
Barque ..
212
28
20 May
1835
2
June
Sperm
100
. .
5471)
14
Sydney Packet
Schooner
84
6
19 March
1836
17
Black
.,
1 10 ! 295
m
15
Cape Packet
Barque . .
210
30
2 April
1835
17
Sperm
105
S6i)5
16
Fame
Brig
2U3
32
30 August
1834
11
July
Ditto
25
. ,
1240
1/
I.ynx
Barque ..
180
11
9 March
1836
:i8 ..
Black
. ,
5
5
'9
m
18
Proteus
Ditto . .
254
24 20 May
1835
4 August
Ditto
184
5
4l-'0
ig
Scamander
Brig ..
192
20 ! 22 Oct.
1833
9
, .
Sperm
102
.,
SfillO
20 llee
Ditto . .
135
24
2l!Nov.
1835
10
Sperm and Black
7
66
4
. ,
a035
21
Martha
Ditto . .
121
7
24 March
1830
10
, ,
Black
1
1 5
48
m
22
Sydney Packet
Schooner
84
7
25 June
1836
2
Sept.
Ditto
10
2
•J6
414
23
Lady Lcith
Brig ..
153
25
17 Jan.
1835
5
Sperm
62
3400
24
Wm. Stoveld .
Ditto . .
189
29
2 Feb.
1835
22
, ,
Ditto
95
, ,
5219
25
Nereus . .
Ditto . .
124
12
UMarch
1835
26
Sperm and Black
37
20
15
2502
26
Denmark hill
Barque ..
252
25
8 April
1836
2
Nov.
Sperm
60
..
32lil)
2/
Governor Bourke
Ditto . .
214
31
13 May
1836
19
Black
46
10 10
1835
28
Lynx
Ditto . .
180
11
9 March
1830
17
Ditto
, ,
30
10
1670
2»
Hind
Brig ..
141
10
231 April
1836
18
..
Ditto
, ,
80
11 5
■am
30
Sydney Packet
Schooner
83
6
25 June
1836
19
..
Ditto
, ,
25
10
1380
31
Harriet .
Barque . .
302
32
22 April
1836
20
..
Sperm and Black
4
180
7 5
4458
32
Genii
Brig ..
164
28
7May
1836
24
..
Ditto
5
115
2
2835
33
Dublin Packet
Schooner
127
7
25 June
1830
25
..
Black
, ,
50
6 15
1587
34
Nimrod
Barque ..
174
10
16, April
1836
28
..
Ditto
25
10
1108
35
Mediterranean packet
Brig
151
10
9iJuly
1836
30
..
Ditto
26
2 6
725
36
Luna
Ditto . .
165
22
UjFeb.
1834
30
Sperm
75
4125
37
Tigress
Ditto . .
192
29
3 July
1835
30
. ,
Ditto
107
, .
..
5885
38
Siren
Ditto ..
141
11
1
Nov.
1836
9
Dec.
black
25
, .
500
39
WUUam .
Barque ..
324
32
27
Feb.
1835
19
. ,
Sperm
22
..
1210
40
Bee ... ■
Biig ..
od Men . .
135
7664
20
838
2.
Nov.
1835
ToU
23
• •
Ditto
Fisheries in 1836..
20
1700
••
• •
1100
Total Tonnage t
1 Produceof
1178
96 6
386
I2IJ085
Vessels registere
vessels, 478 tons;
30 vessels, 1,809 to
1832, 21 vessels, 2,
tons; 18,'14, 19 ves!
2,267 tons ; 1 836, :
Vessels Built an
Vessels Built.
Description. No.
Schooners .
2
Cutters .
2
Sloops
2
Smacks .
1 2
Ketch .
1 1
Total
As the land in Ne\
colonies is one of the
and imperial wealth,
the sales of land and t
an acre of land in Syt
COUNTIES
Argyle
Bathurst
Bllgh
Brisbane
Camden
Cook
Cumberland
Durham
Georgiana
Gloucester
King
Macquarie
Murray
Northumberland
Phillip
Roxburgh
Saint Vincent
Wellington
Westmoreland
Hunter
Total
Total amount of pui
discharged soldiers, 2,^
of lands in 1836, unde
deposits forfeited, 992/,
so-::
(Ml 01
109'27S
l2UUSJ->
a .
' 3
■o-a
•
£.
l!HO
03 IS
m:<
30III)
sriuii
4IISII
S/il
172:!5
4315
Dsn
3231)
8
9!0
54;o
OS
5IIS
569s
,.
1241)
fl
135
4120
S61IO
2055
48
UI4
28
414
3400
5219
2502
3260
1855
,.
1670
3095
1380
4458
2835
158?
1108
725
4125
5885
500
1210
,
1100
36
i 121)065
NEW SOUTH WALES.— SHIPS, TIMBER, AND LANDS.
439
Vessels registered from 1828 to 1836 -. 1828, 18
vessels, 478 tons; 1829, 15 vessels, 512 tons; 1830,
30 vessels, 1,809 tons; 1831,38 vessels, 3,224 tons;
1832, 21 vessels, 2,143 tons; 1833, 29 vessels, 2,655
tons; 1834, 19 vessels, 1,852 tons; 1835, 21 vessels,
2,267 tons; 1836, 39 vessels, 4,560 tons.
Vessels Built and Registered in 1830.— [B. B.]
Vessels Built.
Vessels Registered.
Description.
No.
Tons
Description. No.
Tons
Scl)ooiicrs .
2
102
Barques
10
2600
Cutters .
2
33
Brigs
4
603
Sloops
2
52 Schooners .
13
928
Smacks . .
2
102
Cutters . 1 3
448
Ketch
1
12
Slooops . ; 4
Ketches . j 2
Smacks . | 2
Brigantincs . 1
88
35
102
96
Total . .
9
301
Total .
39
4560
Exports of Timber from New South Wales. — [B. B.]
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1830
Cedar.
Blue Gum
and other
Timber.
Number
of
Trenails.
Super. Feet.
847805
940480
368830
580393
418930
1080437
899492
907921
1409407
Super. Feet.
215541
608647
179403
416857
233653
147170
30065
145628
3778
65837
181817
23959
24316
186831
328503
212467
178969
35094
Total
Value.
£.
11428
10293
5218
8401
6132
13153
7941
10489
14385
Return of the Total Quantity of Land Sold in the
Colony of New South Wales, under the Regula-
lations of August 1831, Town Allotments included.
As the land in New South Wales and in our other
colonies is one of the most valuable sources of colonial
and imperial wealth, the following details are given of
the sales of land and timber cut off it. Not long since,
an acre of land in Sydney was sold for 10,000/.
Year.
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
Land Sold.
Amount of Re-
mission Money
allowed to
Acres.
Amount.
Office. 0.
£.
£.
20800
6516
1260
29001
14133
600
91399
36814
1075
271945
87097
2880
389540
123049
2419
Return of Lands sold during the Year 1836. — [B. B.]
COUNTIES.
Number of
Purchasers.
Purchases
under 640
Acres.
Number of
Purchasers.
Purchases of
and above 640
Acres.
Total No. of
Purchasers.
Total Quan-
tity of Land
Purchased.
Total Amount
of Purchase
Money.
to
B
^0
en
E
01
as
Total Amount
of Purchase-
money re-
ceived in 1836.
No.
£.
No.
£.
No.
Acres.
£.
£.
£.
Argyle
90
639
43
31999
133
32638
13319
—
12377
Bathurst
23
1209
36
28377
59
29586
8071
—
7112
Bliph
1
230
18
16109
19
16339
4035
750
2093
Brisbane
—
—
55
49579
55
49579
12690
300
6761
Camden
61
1835
4
3529
65
5364
2113
25
5243
Cook
39
1162
—
—
39
1162
1257
—
1257
Cumberland
94
3793
—
—
94
3793
5756
25
5243
Durham
45
2430
69
58055
114
60485
18621
200
16470
Georgiana
I
240
33
24134
34
24374
7190
—
6840
Gloucester
1
476
8
3510
9
5986
1496
200
954
King
3
1202
—
9757
14
10959
2763
150
1203
Macquaric
20
3496
29
26056
49
29552
9734
350
9384
Murray
9
2490
74
60858
83
63348
16918
400
14798
Northumberland
92
2853
11
8240
103
11093
6673
19
6519
Phillip
—
—
3
2472
3
2472
810
—
810
Roxburgh
5
1450
9
6530
13
7980
2057
—
1841
Saint Vincent
1
155
9
7965
10
8120
2363
—
2363
Wellington
1
137
18
15452
19
15589
3942
—
3473
Westmoreland
1
100
5
5007
6
5107
1568
—
1568
Hunter
6
493
370
7
5648
13
6018
1621
—
1545
Total
24269
441
365277
934
389546
123049
2419
104158
Total amount of purchase-money, 123,049/. ; deduct. Remissions to officers of the army and navy, and
discharged soldiers, 2,419/. ; amount to be received in 1837, 10, 473/. = 18, 892/. ; Total amount of proceeds
of lands in 1836, under regulations of Ist August 1831, recived up to 31st December 1836, 104,157/.; add
deposits forfeited, 992/. ; Interest, 13/. =1,005/. • Total revenue from land sales in 1836, 105,163/.
i ■
440
NEW SOUTH WALES.— POST TOWNS AND DISTANCES.
The Phormium Tenax, or New Zealand flax, is
another article of export yearly increasing in amount;
it is similar in appearance to the English flax, and is
chiefly dressed by the native women of New Zealand,
who scrape oflf the outer part of the leaf with muscle
shells: the inner fibres or filaments, resembling I
Table of Distances to and from the several Post Towns in New South Wales.*
dressed flax, are then exported to Sydney, where it h
valued at from l!>l. to 20/. per ton.
Timber, particularly cedar plank, has been fur some
time exported ; coals also were proving a valuable
staple of the colony.
Mills for j
SYDNEY
Parramatta
15
Windsor
19
34
Penrith
37
18
33
Hassan's Walls
43
82
63
7.
Batliurst
35
90
117
98
113
O'Connell
12
47
102
I'iO
no
l'.i5
Liverpool
145
133
98
53
54
3,'>
20
Campbelltown
13
158
140
111
66
<■)/
48
33
Appin
10
23
168
15(i
121
76
77
OH
43
WoUongong
21
31
44
189
17;
142
97
98
79
64
Berrima
79
58
48
61
206
194
159
114
1.5
98
81
Goulburn
44
123
102
92
105
250
238
203
158
139
14U
125
Yass
54
98
177
156
146
159
304
292
257
212
213
194
17!)
Bungonia
80
26
36
115
94
84
97
242
230
195
150
151
132
117
Strathallan
47
127
73
83
162
141
131
144
289
277
■-'42
197
IjIS
179
161
Brisbane Water
161
11/
179
l'J5
81
64
43
33
20
125
113
78
33
31
15
Jt'
/('
tv
tt'
tv
IV
tv
M'
If
If
If
If
w
M'
If
H'
Carington
16
180
133
195
141
97
80' 59
49
36
141
129
94
49
50
31
10
IV
tv
tt'
tt'
tt'
tv
tv
tv
tv
w
If
If
If
If
tv
«'
If
Newcastle
16
164
117
179
125
81
64
43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
tv
IV
!(i
tv
III
IV
tt'
tv
tv
w
If
If
If
If
IV
w
w
If
Raymond Terrace
16
164
117
179
125
81
64
43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
u>
tv
tt'
w
tt'
tt'
tv
tt)
m;
«)
If
If
If
IV
If
II'
HI
If
Uungog
30
30
48
30
194
147
209
155
HI
94
73
63
50
135
143
1(18
63
61
45
30
IV
w
)V
IV
tt'
tv
tv
tv
?f
w
tv
UI
If
If
If
If
If
If
«'
IC
Hluton
30
16
164
117
179
125
81
64
43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
If
w
tv
tv
tt'
tt"
tt'
tt'
tt'
w
Ul
,.
tv
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
Patcrson
10
20
10
10
26
10
174
127
189'l35
91
74
5.1
43
30
135
123
88
43
44
25
10
«'
tv
tv
tv
IV
fO
M'
tt'
(('
w
tv
W
If
If
If
If
tf
If
w
If
Maitland
12
30
16
164
117
179
125
81
64' 43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
Ul
W
W
tv
tv
tv
tv
tv
tv
tv
tv
if ! tv
w
If
If
If
IV
If
If
«'
w
Darlington
31
43
31
61
31
31
47
31
195
148
210
136
112
95; 74
64
51
156
144
109
64
6.1
46
31
Ul
w
«'
tv
tv
tv
M'
tt'
tt'
tt'
tv
tt' I «'
If
w
If
If
IV
If
If
II'
If
Merton
35
66
78
66
96
66
66
82
66
230
183
245
191
147
130 109
99
86
191
179
144
99
100
81
66
w
IV
w
IV
tv
tv
IV
tv
tt'
tv
tt'
tt' 1 tv
If
tv
If
If
M'
If
If
If
«'
Invcrmein
79
44
75
87
75
105
75
73
91
75
239
192
254
200
156
139 118
108
95
200
188
133
108
loy
90
75
«'
«'
«•
IV
tv
<f
H'
tt'
IV
ff
tt'
tv 1 U)
If
If
If
w
If
w
If
w
II'
Port Macquaric
-5
66
31
10
30
16
164
117
179
125
81
64. 43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
It'
%u
w
w
w
«'
11'
w
IV
tv
«'
IV
M'
tt'
tt'
IV
tv 1 tt)
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
Moreton Bay
75
66
31
10
30
16
164
117
179
125
81
64: 43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
u
u-
tv
w
w
w
«.'
w
tv
IV
(/'
tt'
H'
IV
tt'
IV
tt'
tv j UJ
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
W
If
Norfolk I.>.land
75
66
31
10
30
16
164
117
179
125
81
64
43
33
20
125
113
78
33
34
15
w
w
w
w
W
IV
tv
w
U)
w
tv
IV
tv
«J
tt'
tt'
ft>
tt'
tv
tt'
If
If
If
tf
w
If
If
If
If
The figures signify the distance by land, and with tlie letter if, in addition to water carriage ; tf, alone, wliolly by water.
The distance is given by the route the mail travels.
* Jn examination of this table will sheu> the extent of surface over which the colonists are spread, and by a
reference to the map, a more complete idea may thus be formed of the distance and direction of the different
settlements or towns from the capital (SydnetjJ. Other post towns have been added since the annexed return
was received, owing to the rapid spread of population arid industry.
Distril
Syilney
Parrnnuitfa .
Windsor and RiclJ
Liverpool
Campbell Town
Evan .
lllawarra
Beirinia
Goulburn
Bathurst
Newcastle
Maitland
I'aterson and Rayr
Patrick's Plains
Port Stcjihens
Manufactories. — Sj
1 Hat Manufacturer
Ciirar; C> Soap and
I i'ottery ; 6 Iron ai
ing Presses; 2 Sawi
CHAP
Section I. Van E
S, E. coast of New H
rated by Bass's Strait!
•1(1. and 43. 40. S., anc
148. 20. E. It is of ai
CTatest extent from
210 miles, and from E
the degrees of longituc
of about .50 miles eac
surface of about 24, Ot
of acres ; being nearly
II. It was in honour
Dutch East Indies, A
kland received its nam
Tasmania, is a tribute
who in lf)42 first visit
an eastward voyage fi<
wdsof 120 years beli
(lice was followed by r
portance to its annals.
companion Captain Fi
voyage of circumnavi'
1"", visited the shorr
cut discovering its insu
In 1803, it was for:
the Hnglish ; a small d<
of lieutenant Bowcn,
'ith a view of formir
Ticts transported from
inn, as it is son;etini(
cf the Derwrnt, a fev
si'ot selected for the
lii'le was rtfccted nt th
farly in 1804, Lieu
W recently left Engla
3
VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND.— LOCALITY AND HISTORY.
441
15
34
33
82| 6.1J 7«
OS] 113
Uoll'io
35 1 -20
w\ 33
Uoll2j
W
i;n
13'J 117
ir9li64
64
11'
34
w
44
111
34
w
65
M'
100
to
109
w
34
46
15
w w
15
II' w
• by water.
1 and hij a
I different
ted return
Mills for grinding and dressing grain.
i
1
District.
E
u
15
-6
c
0) i
C/}
t-. 1
O i
es
''^
Sydney ....
2
.. 1
Parraimitta ....
1
, ,
Windsor and Richmond
4
4
Liverpool ....
o
Canipbell Town .
Evan
G
lllawarra ....
Beirinia ....
Goulburn . . • .
4
Batliiirst ....
5
Newcastle ....
Maitland ....
•i
Paterson and Raymond Terrace
3
Patrick's Plains .
Port Stei)hens
1
••
■■
Manufactories. — Sydney, 2 Distilleri
5s; 7 B re we
'ries;
I Hat Manufacturer; 2 Coarse Woolle
■n ; 2 Snul
f and
fiirar; 6 Soap and Candles; 2 Rope
; 7 Tannc
ries ;
1 Pottery ; (5 Iron and Brass Foundt
ries ; 14 P
riiit-
ing Presses; 2 Sawmills; 1 Mi
irble
1 P
atent
Slip
for repairing vessels ; 5 Steam vessels; 2 Coaches.
Parramatta, I Salt manufacturer on the Parramatta
river. Windsor, 2 Breweries ; 'i Tanneries. Camp-
hell Town, 2 Tanneries. Berrimo, 2 Breweries ; 2
Tanneries. Bathurst, 2 Coarse Woollen manufacto-
ries. Maitland, 1 Pottery.
There is a coal iiiiiie at Newcastle the property of
the Australian Agricultural Company ; the (piantity
produced annually is 12G4 tons, value 5748/.
To whom sold.
Tons.
Rate
per
cent.
Amount.
To Government,
To British Individuals,
To Ditto.
1702
Ml 03
2H41
Us.
<Js.
10*.
£. s. d.
(iHO 16
3r,4() 7
1420 10
Total
12C4C
5747 13
There are two treadmills at Carter's barracks for
the punisliment of prisiincrs.
The whole of the preceding statements demonstrate
the rapid progress which New South Wales has made
ill population, wealth, and civilization.
CHAITER II.— VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND, OR TASMANIA.
Skction I. Van Diemen's Island is situate on the
S, E, coast of New Holland, from which it is se])a-
rated by Bass's Straits, between the parallels of 41.
20. and 43. 40. S., and the meridians of 144. 40. and
148, 20. E. It is of an irregular heart-shape : and its
jreatest extent from N. to S. is estimated at abo'.it
210 miles, and from E. to W. 150 miles (calculating
the degrees of longitude in that parallel at the average
of about 50 miles each), and covering an extent of
surface of about 24,000 srpiare miles, or 15,000,000
of acres ; being nearly the size of Ireland.
II. It was in honour of the Governor-General of the
Dutch East Indies, Anthony Van Uiemcn, tliat the
island received its name ; its occasional appellation of
Tasmania, is a tribute to its first discoverer, Tasman,
who in lf)42 first visited the coast, in the course of
an eastward voyage from Matiritius; but it was up-
wards of 120 years before the knowledge of its exist-
ence was followed by any event of the slightest im-
portance to its annals. Captain Cook, as well as his
companion Captain Furneaux, in the course of their
voyage of circumnavigation in 1773, and again in
1"77, visited the shores of Van Diemen's Land with-
out discovering its insularity.
In 1803, it was formally taken possession of by
the English ; a small detachment under the command
of lieutenant Bowcn, having arrived from Sydney,
with a view of forming a penal settlement for con-
victs transported from that colony. Risdon or h'est-
down, as it is son;etimes called, on the eastern bank
of the Derwent, a few miles tip the river, was the
Slot selected for the settlement ; but beyond this,
l;l'le\vas rtficted at that time.
Karly in 1H04, Lieutenant-Governor Collins, who
W recently left England with a considerable expcdi-
3 I.
tion, having in view the formation of a settlement
at Port Philip, on the southeast coast of New Holland,
altered his destination after a short experience of the
ditticultics attending a settlement at that jiliee, and
arrived in the river Derwent, when the island was
t'orinally taken possession of in the name of His
Britannic Majesty ; and after various surveys of the
Derwent, the present site of Hobart Town w.is deci-
ded upon for head -quarters ftbe luuiie was bestowed
in coiniiliinent to Lord llohart, at that time secretary
of state for the coloniesV Lieutenant-govitrnorCollins
had about 400 prisoners under him, with about 50
marines to secure them.
The colony at times suffered great hardships ; for
the first three years the inhabitants being wholly
dependent upon foreign supplies for the most com-
mon articles of food, were occasionally reduced to
great straits ; so much so, that we hear of eighteen-
pence per pound having been given for kangaroo
flesh, and that sea-weed, or any other vegetable sub-
stance fit for food, was purchased at an equally high
rate.
After the island had been settled about three years,
sheep and cattle were introduced. I'ntil 181,3, the
island was a place of transportation from New South
Wales, and all communication except with England
or New South Wales interdicted. In 1821 emigration
commenced, and the progressive civilizr.tion of the
island will be seen by its statistics.
III. The general face of the interior is very diver-
sified, but decidedly mountainous, not however in
ranges, but rather in isolated peaks, varied hy lofty
table land, and extensive fertile valleys or ploins.
Around the coast are numerous bays arid harbours,
that afford secure anchorage. 1 he entrance from the
iill'
'5
442
VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND.— GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND CLIMATE.
ncoan to the Derwent, on the hanks of which Hobart
Town is built, presents two lines of continuous bays
or anchorage of unrivalled excellence; the one most
commonly used lends through Storm Hay, and the
other through D'Entrecasteaux's Channel, which is
one string of little bays or anchorages for nearly 40
miles.
Hobart Town, the capital of the island, and the
seat of government, is an extensive, well laid out,
and neatly built town on the Hiver Derwent, about
i^O miles from its mouth. The cove or bay, upon
the banks of which Hobart Town is built, affords one
of the best and most secure ancliornges in the world,
for any number of vessels, and ot any burthen.
An nmiihithentre of gently rising hills, beautifully
clothed with trees, aud having Mount Wellington
(4000 feet elevation) as the highest, defends it from
the westerly winds, and bounds the horizon on that
quarter: while the magnificent cstnniy cf the Der-
went, (with its boats and shipping, and picturesque
points of land along its winding banks, forming beau-
tiful bays and lakes), skirts it on the K.
The town itself stands upon a gently rising ground,
and covers rather more than one square mile. Its
streets wide, long and intersecting each other at right
angles.
The suburbs of Hobart Town have lately undergone
considerable improvement; handsome villas and
enclosures occupying ground in every direction, whicli
in some places would have been supposed to bid
defiance to the hand of art. A noble wharf has been
constructed, so as to allow vessels of the largest bur-
then to lade or unlade close alongside the shore, with-
out the assistance of boats.
Next in rank and commercial importance is Laun-
ceston, on the north side of the island, distant, by a
good road, 121 miles from Hobart Town. It is the
richest land in the island, backed by gently rising
hills, at the confluence of the N. and S. F.sk Rivers,
which there form the Tamar, (lowing about 4.'j miles,
when it disembogues into the ocean at Bass's Straits.
The town is thriving greatly, owing to its being the
maritime key of a large and fertile country, and af-
fording suftieient water for vessels upwards of 400
tons burthen, to load alongside the wharfs.
IV. The geology of the island is very varied ;
basalt is supposed to be the principal stratum ;
limestone is almost the only mineral that has yet
been brought into general use; marble of a white
mixed grey colour, susceptible of a good polish, has
frequently been found, though never yet dug up or
applied to use. Around Hobart Town, where, in the
progress of improvement, the soil is frequently ex-
posed to the depth of two or three yards, strata of
soft clayey marl occur, which has been found very
useful as a manure. Much of the common limestone
is of a yellowish or reddish colour, no doubt derived
from the quantity of oxide of iron with which it is
mixed, and which is so generally scattered through-
out the island. Iron ore is very frequent, both of a
red, brown and black colour. In oneortwo instances
it has been analysed, and found to contain eighty per
cent, of the perfect mineral. It also occurs, though
more rarely, and in smaller quantities, under thefoim
of red chalk, with which, mixed with grease, the
Aborigines besmear their heads and bodies. Indica-
tions of coal have been found across the island.
Excellent mndstinw for building, is obtained in
almost every part of the isiand, and most of the
houses in Hobart Town are now built with it, instead
of badly made bricks, as fornierly ; it is brought from
uiifcreiit parts v>ithin half a mile or a mile of the
town. A quarry of that kind has recently been dis-
covered at Port Arthur ; where the manufacture of
filtering stones, it is probable, will be found a profita.
ble employment.
Of the mi'taUir ores, besides iron, which is most
abundant, specimens of red and f;reen cnjijwr on
lead, :iiic,manfranese, and, as some say, of silver ini
•fold, have occasionally been met with.
The soil is very varied, in some places a rich black
alluvial mould, in others sandy or argillaceous; its
fertility is shewn by the excellent crops produced, the
land being cultivated for years without refreshment.
V. Allowing for the higher southern latitude, and
the coldness and humidity attending on its ins\daiitv
the seasons and weather at Van Diemen's Land may
be estimated from the data given in the iireceding
chapter respecting New South Wales.
September, October, and November are the spring
months, when the weather is usually bright and clear,
with occasional rain and high winds. The average of
the thermometer for these months is from 60 to (10
degrees.
December, January, and February, constitute the
sunuiier. In general very little rain falls during
these three months. The productions of the earth,
such as grass, corn, and vegetables, arrive at maturity
about one month earlier than the same kinds would
in iMigland ; that is, in December, which answers to
the .lune of the northern hemisphere, products are
gathered which, in England, ripen in July.
March, April, and May are the autumn of Van
Diemen's Land, and form by far its [deasantest season,
The air is then clear and bright — the sky free from
clouds and vapours — the medium heat of the ilay is
about (')"). — and the nights are cool and refreshing.
It may be noticed here, that even in the heiu'ht of
summer, the evenings and nights are generally cool.
June, July, and August are the Winter. In the
interior, particularly upon high and exposed situa-
tions, frosts are sometimes severe, and at times a
good deal of snow falls ; but it is seldom that the sun
so wholly loses its power as to suffer an appearance
of either frost or snow to last throughout the day;
and the winter of Van Diemen's Land is rather con-
templated by the inhabitanis as a season of moderate
and genial rain, sufficient to replenish the storehouses
of the earth against the ensuing s|)ring, and to facili-
tate the labours of the husbandman, than as the cold
and dismal period of the higher latitudes. The ave-
rage range of the thermometer is from 40. to 48.;
now and then, however, for a day or two, some
degrees lower. The longest day in Van Diemen's
Land is 1.') hours 12 minutes ; the shortest, 8 hours
48 minutes.
VI. When first discovered, Van Diemen's Land was
densely peopled by a durk race of inhabitants, differ-
ing somewhat from the aborigines of the adjacent
coast of New Holland in the more negro-like caste of
countenance, woolly hair, and darker colour. Shortly
after our occupation, contests began between the
white and black races, which continued with occa.
sional interruptions until about four years since,when
a general levy of the white colonists took place. The
blacks were hemmed into one corner of the island, and j
finally removed, under the protection of government,
to Flinder's Island, in the adjoining straits. Their j
numbers were, however, very much diminished; small
pox, famine, and the retaliation of the colonists for
the iiiurikrs (,f tlicir relations and friends, having |
thinned considerably the aborigines. The following
shews the progress of the white population : —
Con
to
a
a
Free.
s
"a
i <»'
1
is04l G8
10
Ink;! ..
.. 1
INi'l'^ 2201)
1407 3
1824! 37H1
2248| <;
\%i^\ 4297
24fi2l <;
m(>, 4810
2nooi 7-
1S27
5fil3
2910' 8.
1828
(•.419
305f.i 9'
I82y
f>92y
3492,10-
1830
8351
4623; I2'J
1831
8392
4952 133
1832
9202
58f.5|150
1833
11020
7I94|182
1834 I2.')24 :
85fi0.210
183V 12940 i
9051:219
1830 15593
1 i
10321 259
• Prior to the
ye
Population of Van
Districts.
Hobart Town
l.auncoston
George Town
Westbury
Norfolk Plains
Campbell Town
Oat lands
Bothwell
Hamilton
Xew Norfolk .
Brighton
Richmond
Great Swan Port .
Horton (Circular Head]
Tasman's Peninsula
Flinder's Island
Aborigines at ditto
Military in the Island
Children in the Island .
Convicts in road partic
and houses of cor
There is a very smal
VAN DIKMKN'S ISLAND.— POPULATION.
■143
Comparative account of the I
opu
latior
of Van Diemen's Land
since
1804.
Free.
Convicts.
Miiifary &
Children.
3 I 1
III
Abo
ne
"3
5;
rigi-
5.*
tn
U
S
Grand total.
i
(A
iS
1
1
g
i
-a
E
13
78
t/5
C
1
13
■a
1
i 1
Q 1 S
1804
68
10
360! 40
400
T
IHlfi
, ,
, ,
1269
, ,
. ,
629
•t
m'>
2L'09
1407
3616
4548
348
4996
IS'? I
.37HI
2248
6029
5467
471
5938 266
70
180
160 9694
2949
12643 ..
177
132 75
W.'i
4297
24f.2
6759
6244
601
6845 438! 150
170
150 11149
33i;3
14512 1869
mf>
4810
2 COO
7410
6051
711
6762 1 640 180
170
150 11671
3641
15312, 800
It
IS',!"
r)fil3
2910
8523
6373; 887
7260
800 250
1 60
140 I294r,
4187
17133,1821
\H-IH
(UIO
305f)
9465
6724' 12:>
7419
904 300
150
130 14197
4211
1840>t,I275
309
250 120
IH-i!)
r.92y
3492
10421
7334,1150
8484
880i 230
130
120 15273
4992
20265' 1857
301
260 166
IM"
8351
4623
12974
8877il318 10195
880 230
120
105 18228
6276 245014239
460
270 163
IKlil
8392
4952
13341
10391
1627 12018
1032 216
100
90 19915
6915 26830 2326
422
282 114
IH.T-'
9202
5865
15067
11062
1644
12706
905 225
91
85 2l2n0
7819 29079 2249 t
\m
11020
7194
18214
13126
1864
14990
877 217
62
6o;25085
9365:34450 5371
455
379 257
\m
12.') 24
8560
21084
13664 1874
15538
789 277
52
59 27029
10770 37799 3349
714
557 370
\m
12940
9051
21991
14914 2054
1 6968
895 318
52
59 28081
114^2 40283 2484
730
525, 356
183fi
15593
10321
25914
13451
1706
15157
• Prior to the year 1833, the number of the Aborigines appears to have been mere conjecture.
t No Returns.
Population of Van Diemen's Land, Births, Marriages, Deaths, &c., 31st December, 1836.
[B. B
]
Free Whites.
Convicts.
Total.
Persons
employed
in
S
en
.3
'im
U.
Districts.
Males.
Females.
Males.
U3
—
6
en
"3
"3
S
fa
Agricul-
ture.
Manufac-
ture.
it
a
Hohart Town
6022
4506
3095
838 9117
5344
610
350
436
333
2081 220
Launccston
2954
2025
1926
280 4880
2305
1810
560
664
154
121
93
George Town
135
97
163
8' 298
105
399
, ,
34
Westbury
240
109
376
12
616
121
Norfolk Plains
583
405
651
50
1234
455
521
44
18
40
31
12
Cain|>b(.'ll Town
7;* 5
460
1447
106
2242
572
2546
215
53
32
44
16
Oatlands
402
229
693
44
1095
273
593
120
liothwell
272
182
249
26
521
208
All.
Hamilton
310
196
449
46
759
242
ditto
New Norfolk .
563
359
828
113
1391
472
330
12
55
37
70
Brighton
796
441
783
54
1579
695
6.)0
23
107
Richmond
1395
848
1263
100
2658
948
1389
100
22
60
55
32
Great Swan Port .
169
100
204
18
373
118
261
21
, ,
Horton (Circular Head) .
48
36
85
6
143
42
74
20
7
Tasman's Peninsula
, J
, ,
1222
1
1222
1
Flinder's Island
8
11
17
4
27
17
Aborigines at ditto
, ,
, ,
..
54
62
Military in the Island
750
156
, ,
..
750
156
Children in the Island .
141
155
••
■•
141
155
15593 'l032I
13451
1706
29100
12291
Convicts in road parties, chain gangs, 1
and houses of correction j
2139
365
2139
365
1
31239
12656
There is a very small proportion of females to males among the convict j)opulation. The births
are to the deaths nearly as two to one.
#• 'HI
4;
'■..■*% :
\\^
>>f!
414
VAN niF.MKN'S ISLAND.— I'OITI.ATION, RELIGION.
Proportion of Ticltets of Leave and of Free and Couditioiml Pardons held l)y Mules and rcinales in Van
Dieincn's Land to tlie wiiole number of Convicts of eacli Sex, from 1824 to IH35, both inclusive.
Convicts
Ticket*
Tickets
of leave
Free and
Free and Condi-
1 S
in
of
issued
Conditional Par-
tional Pardons
the Colony.
Leave issued to
per cent, to
dons issued to
issued per cent, to
Males. 1 Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
1824
,'■.7 on ' 444
r.84
9
10
2
187
3
1H2.')
fiOH2 1 fi23
."iOO
9
8
1
189
..
3
lH2fi
(iO.M
711
49f)
9
8
1
254
, ,
4
1H27
n;n3
887
fiSO
11
10
1
272
, ,
4
1828
f>801
io(;5
f>97
19
10
1
293
^ ,
4
1829
7;i34
1028
751
16
10
2
338
8
4
1830
8877
1318
78C
32
8
2
397
16
4
I
1831
10391
lfi27
981
56
9
3
504
')•>
4
I
1832
11062
lfi44
1192
97
10
5
618
40
5
2
1833
13126
18f)4
1448
121
11
6
729
46
5
•)
1834
13f)«4
1874
705
51
5
.)
121
12
1835
14903
20,') 1
888
124
5
6
138
14
Fractional parts.
Vll.
Places of Public Worship in Van Diemen's Land, also Sittings, and Ordinary and Contingent
Kcclesiastical Expenditure, in each year since 1824.
Chu
rch of
Presby-
Roman
Wcs-
Indopen-
nvt~i
England.
terians.
Catholics.
ley
ans.
dei
S
3
.J3
u
Its.
u5
to
c
1
a -a
'■2 1
Contingent
Expenditure
Years.
c
5
o
CO
bo
4-)
0)
3
u
c
D
JS
o
4
c
s
a
3
JS
o
B
•J
in
Total.
1824
2
1028
1
236
200
..
..
4
1464
1825
4
2348
1
236
200
, ,
, ,
, ,
6
2784
1826
4
2348
1
236
200
300
, ,
7
3084
1827
5
2454
I
236
200
300
, ,
8
3192
, ,
, ,
£2647
1828
5
2454
1
236
200
300
, ,
8
3192
£2258
£938
3197
1829
6
2788
1
236
200
300
, ,
9
3524
2559
935
3495
1830
7
2948
1
236
200
300
, ,
10
3684
3009
2656
5665
1831
9
4175
2
736
200
300
310
14
5721
3004
2362
5367
1832
9
4175
2
736
200
400
310
14
5821
2594
2356
4950'
1833
9
4175
2
736
200
400
310
14
5821
3269
1921
5190
1834
12
5659
2
736
200
2
900
310
18
7805
4563
3794
8358
1835
12
5659
t)
1300
200
2
900
310
18
8369
4807
2424
7232
Return of tlie Free Inhabitants of Van Dieineii's Land (evclnsive of the Military), distin<!ui9liing their different modes of
worship, September, 1837. The report is a Government one.
Church of
England.
Church of
Scotland.
Chnich of
Rome.
Wesleyans.
Baptists.
Indepen-
dents.
Quakers.
Jews.
Police Districts.
Above Undei
14Yrs.|l4Yi».
1
Above Under
UYrs. HYrs.
Above
HYrs.
Uudei
IJYrs.
Above
UYrs.
Under
UYrs.
Above
UYrs.
Under
UYrs.
5i£
»2
33
15
3;:
Hob:trt Town . .
I.^kiincesion . . .
Norfolk Plains . .
Campbell Town .
oailands ....
Kiclimond . . .
New Norfolk . .
ltri)!liton ....
Botbwell ....
Hamilton . . .
Westbiirjr . . .
Great Swan Port .
George Town . .
Circular Head . .
Tasuian's Peninsula
376)
1240
543
511
302
1()S8
542
521
188
245
105
141
123
10
25,i2
080
411
221
l(>8
0!)2
204
372
105
124
95
04
50
2
7
600
230
34
120
52
05
34
44
80
32
11
28
12
5
457
154
69
26
50
10
31
54
12
6
5
2
2
540
154
03
59
20
100
00
54
9
39
11
14
11
6
4
309
78
30
33
H
84
10
23
12
3
4
8
4
2
505
219
20
25
4
7
12
i
?
5
7
4
394
125
12
5
,,
I
3
ib
13
8
19
10
3
2
4
3
2
2
11
7
3
4
4
5
"3
231
00
2
8
3
3
2
18
5
i
2
2
150
25
3
31
5
4
7
7
52
8
77
1'
35
2
•i
5
"
'3
47
1
Total . .
Grand total
0403
15
5826
J2t3
1450
2
803
152
1210
It
014
i33
810
1
580
100
54
!
37
)1
340
5
204
13
47
<
22
«...
Name of the
ParishcH, in what
County or District,
ard extent
Id square miles.
s ■
0.
Tilnity I'arlsh, Ho
hartTown, County
of Bucklnf^ham,
extent not known.
St. David's Pariah,
lldburt Tow 1,
(onnty of Buck
Iniflmm, extent not
known.
St. Joliii's IJari^h,
Launceston, Coun-
ty of Cornwall,
extent 3800 siiuare
njiles.
ElizahcthTown.Ncw
Norfolk, County ot
Uiickiughum, ex-
tent unknown,
Richmond, County of
Monmouth, extent
unknown.
Scroll, County of
I'enibroke, extent
unknown.
nho
60U
alioi
Ooil
ill)M
;:lo(
Rlinu
200(
aboil
10(10
aboul
000
about
550
Clarence Plains,
County of Buek-
inghain, extent 10
Mpmre miles. I
Cuini)ellTown,Conn.! un
ty of Somerset, ex- knowt
tent unknown.
.Norfolk Plains,
County of West,
morclaod, extent
unknown.
about
3300
Total of Free Inhabitants 21,640.
The churches at Cnmpbi
VIII. An Abstract of t
Government Schot
1. Back River. — One
males and 12 females, 'i
niitted from the commer
scholars, 17 of both sex
Government allows 25/. |
of a school-house. The t
num, in addition to whici
week each. The children
writing, arithmetic, and
also learn marking, nett
System, Dr. Bell's.
2. B'i<;dad.~One daily
of children, 41. Of the
sexes also attend on Sur
an, towards the rent of a
mistress 25<. per an.; in
scholars pay 3/. 10.?. Id. a
geography, writing, arithi
ments ; the girls likewise,
3. Bothwell.~One dail
Xo. of children, 51. Of tl
seses also attend on Su
belongs to Gov. Master :
'^•Wch 10 of the scholars
reading, writing, and arith
4. Brighton.—One daih
Jews.
W
VAN DIEMKN'S ISLAND.— URLIGION, EDUCATION.
445
nn
■
Churches, Living'?, i
<ic., of Van Dion
icn's Land. [11. B
1838.1
H Namp nf the
^1 ParlslicH, in wlmt
H County or District,
^1 and extent
o c
a.
(9 -^.i
Church where
cl9
Chapel, where
if
^€
Value of Living.
§1
to
i
situateil, and the
No. of Persons it
V 2-3
a. u a
'^ a u
situated and the
No. of Persons it
.•
i
^M Id sriiioru miles.
S2
a
will contain.
will contain.
i.
H Trinltv I'nriHli, Hn
about
Salary, ano/. ; duty
None.
400
In lloli.irt Town,
HOO
Presbyteiian Cba- 800,
3
__
H IrartTnwn, Ciiniity
flOOO
at hospital, so/, i
Rented
acres.
cont.iius 1200
convicts
pel In llubart
■ of Buckini;liam,
clearing glebe, «:c. at 125/. 1
persons.
and 200
I'own, and con.
H extent nut known.
.')0/. i forage, 4(5/. ; per
rent of glebe. 12/. nnrnitn.
free per-
sons.
tu'ns about I5II0
persons.
H St. DavlilN Pnrisli,
about
salary, 25o/.| duty at None.
400
In H'lbart Town,
Cieno-
2
^1 llohnrt I'ou i,
(iuoo
g.iol, SO/. 1 forage, Roiiti'd acres.
contains 150U
rally full
H cniiiity of iliick.
4fi/. ) rent of glebe, at 125/.
per-ons.
■ iiil,'liani, extent not
20/. 1 per
^M known.
annum.
^M St. Jnliii's '.'arl")),
ab'iut Salary, 2,-in/.j rluty at Nonr.
200
In Launrpi'ton,
llt)ollt
Presbyterian Cha-
.100
:i
^H l.aiinceston.Coini.
73»0 1 gaol, Ml.; forage, Kentcd
acres.
contains :t:>\)
500
pel in I.aunccs.
^H t)' of Cornwall,
1 46/.
at 100/.
persons.
ton, and con-
^M extent DHUO siinarc
i
per
tains about 350
^1
annum.
persons.
^1 ElizaliethTown.Ncw
about Salary, 2,'>n/. ; duty at
Yes.
400
At New Norfolk,
about
1
'ts.
^1 Norfolk, County of
^H linckini;liuni, cx-
^M tent unknown.
2UUU
hospital, 50/. i for-
age, 46/. : clearing
and fencing glebe,
SO/.
Salary, 250/. i forage.
acres.
contains 450
persons.
3U0
cut
^1 Hichmnn(l,Countyof
about
None.
notte-
At Richmond, con-
l6o
Roman Catholic
1
^H Monmonth, extent
lOUU
46/. i clearing and
Rented
naiitU.
tains 500 persons.
Chapel at Rich-
^M uuknuwn.
fencing glebe, 50/.
at 100/.
per
annum.
mond,
^1 Sorcll, County of
about
iSalary, 2sn/. ; forage.
Yes.
not
At Sorcll, contains
about
One about 5 miles
50
^H Pembroke, extent
iixm
1 46/. J clearing and
j
known
800 persons.
200
from Sorcll, and
jtal.
^H unknown.
! fencing glebe, 50/.
contains 50 per-
sons.
^1 Clarence Plains,
about
Salary, lOg/. ; forage. Rented
At Clarence Plains
70
^H County of Unck-
5.50
1 26/.
at 51)/.
coiitains^opeisons
^H Ingham, extent lu
1
per
llolldwtice .. 100
70
^B si|uare miles.
annum.
Uestdown .... 21
24
^1 CampellTo\vn,Coun-
un-
ISalary, 250/. ; forage, llentod
400
At Campbell Town
Gene-
Presbyter. Church
^H ty of Somerset, ex-
known^ 46/, : at lou/.
acres.
rally fidl
on the Maecina-
^H tent unknown.
' 1 per
1 annum.
ric river.
^H Norfolk Plains, about Salary, 250/. ; foraRc, Ves.
400
\t Lonirford, con
450
ir,47
|H County of West-
3300 46/. i clearing and
acres.
tains 450 persons
197
^H moreland, extent
fencing: glebe, so/.
Perth 25(
150
4i)^
^H unknown.
Cvandale 20V
200
The churches at Campbell Town and Ross, now building, will remedy the great inconvenience at present felt from
the want of accommodation.
^ ■
0.
>
OD
i ^B
s
>
=^ ^1
<
T
'' 1
1
2
8
2
1
9
1
1
3
VIII. An Abstract of the Rppnit of the State of the
Government Schools in December, 183,5,
1, Buck Rirer. — One daily school, attended by 7
males and 12 females. The number of children ad-
mitted from the commencement is 37. Of the daily
scholars, 17 of both sexes also attend on Sundays,
Government allows 2bl. per annum towards the rent
of a school-house. The mistress receives 2,')/, per an-
num, in addition to which 8 of the scholars pay Is, a
week each. The children are taught spelling, reading,
writing, arithmetic, and English grammar ; the girls
also learn marking, netting, and plain needlework.
System, Dr, Bell's,
2, B'i2;tlad. — One daily school, 7 m, and 15 f. No.
of children, 41. Of the daily scholars, 12 of both
sexes also attend on Sundays. Gov. allows 251. per
an. towards the rent of a school-house. Master MM.,
mistress 251. per an.; in addition to which 19 of the
scholars pay 3/. 10.?. "d. a week. Reading, grammar,
geography, writing, arithmetic, and the Latin rudi-
ments ; the girls likewise, needlework, &c.
,3, Bofhwell. — One daily school, 17 m. and 10 f
No. of children, 51. Of the daily scholars, 2G of both
sexes also attend on Sundays. The school-house
belongs to Gov. Master 251. per an. ; in addition to
which 10 of the scholars pay lOs. a week. Spelling,
reading, writing, and arithmetic.
4. Brighton. — One daily school, 5 m, and G f. No.
of childrtn, 17. Gov, allows 20^ per an, towards the
rent of a school-house. Master 25/. per an. ; in addi-
tion to which 7 of the scholars pay Is. a week. Spell-
in;.!, reading', writing, and arithmetic.
5, Campbell Tovm. — One daily school, 5 m, and
13 f. No. of children, 37. Gov. allows 25/. per an.
towards the rent of a school- house. Master 25/.,
mistress 15/. per an,; in addition to which 8 of the
scholars i)ay 8s, a week. Spelling, reading, writing,
and arithmetic. System, Dr. Ik'll's.
(■). Carlton. — One daily school, 7 m, and 9 f. No.
of children, 37. Of the daily scholars, 13 of both
sexes also attend on Stjndays. Gov. allows 10/. per
an. towards the rent of a school-house. Master 30/.
per an. ; in addition to which 9 of the scholars pay 9s.
a week. Spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic.
System, Dr. Bell's.
7. Clarence IHains. — One daily school, 15 m. and
11 f. No, of children, 99. The school-house is Gov.
property, but is in want of repair. Master 50/,, mis-
tress 25/. ; in addition to which 23 of the scholars
pay 1/. 9s. Id. a week. Spelling, reading, writing,
history, geography, arithmetic, and the Latin lan-
guage,
8. Evandale. — One daily school, 9 m. and 4 f. No.
of children, 23. Of the daily scholars, 13 attend also
on Sundays, Gov. allows 25/. per an. towards the rent
of a school-house. Master 50/., mistress 25/. per an. ;
n
'14a
VAN DIEMEN'8 ISLAND.— EDUCATION.
in addition to whicli 21 of the scholars pny 1 Is. Cul. a
■week. Spelling, iindiiip;, wiitini!;, nrithinctic, mid
EngliHh t;rainiimr. System, Dr. lli'll's.
9. (ieori(f Town. — One daily sciiool, 10 in. and
8 f. No. of children, 19. Of the daily scholars, IH
of hoth Hexes also attend on SiindayH. The .school-
house, which is niiich out of repair, lielongs to Gov.
Master Ml,, mistress 2^>l. per an.; in addition to
which l.'l of the children pay 13,v. a week. Spelling,
reading, .vritinp;, arithmetic, and geography ; the
girls likewise learn needlework. System, Dr. Hell's,
10. Olfviiirliij. — One daily school, 12 m. and l.T f.
No. of children, 41. Of the daily scholars, 20 of hoth
sexes also attend on Sundays. Gov. allows 2.')/. per
an. for the rent of a school-house. Master !')0l., mis-
tress 2,'j/. per an.; in addition to which 'J of the
children pay y,«. a week. Spelling, reading, writing,
arithmetic, with needlework for the girls.
11. Green I'onih. — One daily school, 12 m.and H f.
No. of children, 29. Of the daily scholars, 14 also
attend on Sundays. Gov. allows 2.')/. per an. for the
rent of a school- house. Master ."iO/., mistress 2.^)/.
per an. ; in addition to which 1 2 of the scholars jiay
12,«. aweek. Spelling, reading, writing, geography,
grammar, and arithmetic, with needlework for the
girls. System, Dr. Hell's.
12. Hamilton. — One daily school, H m. and 7 f.
No. of children, 29. Gov. allows 2.')/. per an. for
the rent of a school-house. Master 2.')/., mistress
l.")/. per an. ; in addition to which 10 of the scholars
pay f)S. a week. Of the daily scholars, 10 attend on
Sundays. Spelling, reading, writing, geography, and
arithmetic.
i;i. Hohart and Suburh.i. — SI. David's Parish. —
Two daily schools, one of which, belonging to the
Kstablished Church, is attended hy.'il m. and 19 f.
No. of children, 1,332. Of the daily scholars, 24
attend also on Sundays. Gov. rents the school-house
at 11.5/. 10s. per an. Master 88/., mistress 25<. jier
an. ; in addition to which 26 of the children ])ay
7». 9d. a week. Spelling, reading, writing, and arith-
metic. System, Dr. Hell's.
14. — From the other school, which belongs to Ro-
man Catholics, no return has been received ; but in
December, 1835, it was attended by 4.5 m. and 12 f.
Master .'iO/. per an. System, Dr. Hell's.
1."). Scmly Buy ur Qneenhnrn' Pari.<ih. — One daily
school, 9 m. and 10 f. No. of children, .57. Of the
daily scholars, 12 attend also on Sundays. Master
30/., mistress 30/. per an.; in addition to which 14
of the children pay 9s. 6'/. a week. Spelling, reading,
writing, and arithmetic. System, Dr. Bell's. It is
feared that this school must be given up, as the
owner of the school-house requires it for other pur-
poses, and no other suitable building can be obtained.
16. Trinity Parish. — One daily school, 70 m. and
64 f. No. of children, 260. Of the daily scholars,
69 of both sexes attend also on Sundays. Gov.
rents the school-house at 80/. per an., but it is too
small for the number of children now attending it.
Master .50/., mistress 25/. per an.; in addition to
which 124 of the scholars pay 3/. 12s. a week. Spell-
ing, reading, writing, grammar, geography, and arith-
metic. System, British and foreign school.
17. Launceston. — One daily school, 26 m.and 19 f.
No. of children, 735. Of the daily scholars, 32 attend
also on Sundays. The school-hoi'se belongs to Gov.
Master 50/. mistress 25/. per an ; in addition to which
8 of the scholars pay 4s. 9(/ a week. Spelling, reading,
writing, and arithmetic. System, Dr. Bell's.
18. Long/o/(/. — No return. In 1835 the daily
school contained 23 of both sexes, who were educfitod
on Dr. Hell's system. Master 25/. per nn., nnd L'fi/.
per an. was allowed by Gov. for the rent of a scliodl.
Iiouse.
19. AVu' Norfolk. — One daily school, 17 in. ninj
(■) f. No. of children, 54. Of the daily seliDliits, :jii
attend also on Sundays. Gov. rents a sehociMiouHe
at 25/. per an. Master 50/., nnsfress 25/. per an,;
in addition to \vlii<'h 9 of the scholars pny 4v. (•„/_ j
week. Spelling, reading, writing, grammar, geoKrn.
pliy, and arithmetic, with needlework fur the j^irls
System, Dr. Bell's.
20. Norfolk Plains East. — One daily school, h ni.
and 9 f. No. of children, 61. Of the daily scIjoIiun,
13 attend also on Sundays. The school-house is pij.
vote property, for which no rent is charged. Muster
25/. per an.; in addition to which 12 of the schnlins
(lay 12s. a week. Spelling, reading, writing, mith.
nietic, and grammar. System, Dr. Hell's.
21. 0/itUinds. — One daily school, 12ni.niui li f.
No. of children, 32. Of the daily scholars four nttinil
also on Sundays. Gov. allows 25/. per ann. for \\w
rent of a schooUhouse. Master, 25/. ; mistress, i;,/,
per ann.; in addition to which 18 of the scholars pay
13s. 6(/. a week. Spelling, reading, writing, grammar,
and arithmetic.
22. Perth. — One daily school, 6 m. and x F. Xo.
of children, .''6. Of the daily scholars nine attend
also on Sundays. Master, 25/.; Mistress, 1,5/. pc-
ann. ; in addition to which ten of the scholars pay
7s. u week. Spelling, reading, writing, and aiithmetic.
System, Dr. Hell's.
23. I'ort Arthur. — One daily school, 10 m. and i) f.
No. of children . School-house is gov. property.
Master, 25/. per ann. Spelling, reading, vvritiiiL', and
Arithmetic, and 16 of them also attend on Suii(lii'<
24. Richmond. — One daily school, 8 m. and > i.
No. of children, 27. School-house belongs to gov.
Master, 50/. ; mistress, 25/. per ann. ; in addiridu to
which nine of the children pay 14s. a week. Spelling,
reading, writing, geography, and arithmetic, with
needlework for the girls.
25. Ross. — No return. In 1835 this scliool was
attended by 7 ni. and 7 f. Gov. allowed 20/. per ami.
for a school-house. The master received 25/, per
ann. from the gov. and 4/. 14s. from the scholars.
Sytem, Dr. Hell's.
'26. Sorell. — One daily school, 18 m. and 12 f.
No. of children, 220, School house is gov, jiroperty.
Master, 50/. ; mistress, 25/. per ann. ; in addition to
which 15 of the scholars pay 7s. a week. Spelling,
reading, history, grammar, writing, and arithmetic.
System, Dr. Bell's.
27. Springs. — One daily school, 8 m. and 7 f. No.
of children, 38. Gov. rents the school-house at 2.5/.
|)er ann. Master, 25/. per ann,; in addition towliicli
1 1 of the scholars pay 7s. a week. Spelling, reading,
writing, and arithmetic. System, Dr. Hell's.
28. Westbury. — One daily school, 12 m. and 5 f.
No. of children, 19. The whole of the daily scholars
attend also on Sundays. School-house belongs to
gov. Master, 50/. ; mistress, 25/. per ann. ; in addi-
tion to which six of the scholars pay fis. a week.
Spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic. System,
Dr. Bell's.
29. York. — One daily school, 12 m. and 1 f. No.
of children, 20. Gov. allows 25/. per ann. for a
school-house. Master, 25/. per ann. ; in addition to
which four of the children pay 2s. fid. a week. Spell-
ing, reading, writing, English grammar, and arithmetic.
Total number of schools, 29 ; number which have
made returns, 26.
lars nre— males
of Sunday schools,
children who pa
AiniMint of weckl
rending, writing,
Knclish grommar
Of the 26 schools,
H bnve only a ma;
system, 1 on the
ID nn anamolous !
In addition to
are the King's Or
ing 216 males aiK
roiiit I'uer, in wlii
hljslunent are tai
scriptures, 8tc. O
years 1H3 1-1835,
li:i imving been ti
Nnme of the Paris
what County or r
St. Pavid's pnrisli,
onniity "f liiickinn
Triiiitv imrisli, Hcihi
coiiiity of Biickintt
EliznliithTowii, imri
Nnrfolk.
Trinity imrish, Glcna
lliickiiiitliam.
Aruiitlcl |)ari.sh,coun
mouth.
WdlinRton parish,
lliickinKham.
Kii'limond parish, (
Kichtiiond.
Jerusalem, district
mi.nd.
St. Jolin'a parish. La
county of Cornwall
Springs, districtot La
Cduiity of Cornwall
(icorRe Town, distric
ccston, county of l
OatlanUs ..
Green Ponds, district
county of Bucking
Hak'ilad
Camplioll Town, com
mersct.
Rnss
Clarence Plains, co
Buckiri^ham.
Di-trict of clarence
county of York.
Loiiglord, District (
Norfolk Plains, co
Wi'stmoroland.
District of Norfolk PI
county if Westmoi
Westbury, county i
moreland.
Perth, district of Ln
eouiity (it Cornwal
Evandale, county of
Sorell, county of Mo
Porcett, distiict of K
Carlton, county of P
Districtot Bothwcll
Hamilton, county t
moutli.
Brown's River, count
inghain.
St. John's parish, N(
county of Bucking
VAN niKMF.N'S ISLAND.— EDUCATION.
447
mndc rotiirnit, 2C>, In these 2fi, the numlior of acho-
Ibis nre— ninU'8 Hfil, fnnnlcs 2'J4 ; totnl, fi.'iS. No.
(if sundny schools, I H. No. of scholars, .'M3. No. of
ihildri'ii who pay towards their education, 41.").
AiiKMint of weekly payment, IH/. 1 1». 'Jii. Spelling,
rinilimr, writing, and arithmetic are taught in 1 .'» ;
Kiih'lish grammar and geography in 12 ; Latin in 2.
or the '2l'i schools, IH have hoth master and mistress,
rt bftve only a master, IM are conducted on Dr. Hell's
svstem, 1 on the British and Koreign school, and in
10 an anamolous system is pursued.
In a<l(lition to the schools mentioned above, there
arc the King's Orphan schools at Newtown, contain-
ins '.Mfi males and 200 females; and the school at
I'dint I'uer, in which all the hoys sent to that esta-
hlisliment are taught reading, a knowledge of the
scriptures, kc. Of the 274 hoys landed <luring the
yc'iirs 1H3I-IH3.'>, only Ifil could rend; the remaining
113 having been taught at Point I'uer.
Ciovcrnmrnt sdiooU In Van Dlcmcn's Land, unit Hcholam,
mill Orillnnry iinti CoiitinKciit Kxiicnilltiiic, In iiit-h Vear
frnm IH'jt tu IH.U.
i
>>
11
1
Number of Scholari.
55a
.S C a
»1
Ai
Male*.
Kemalcii
Total.
IH'i4
f.
£.
£.
IH-J^
In.
rprords
can he found
IHSrt
r f'T any year bcforu mart.
IHU7
1
6(IJ
IH'24
8
342
177
419
, .
fl9.i
12fl8
19(14
IHiO
9
30,1
319
.124
lOS
82(1
10(11
I8H7
1h:(o
11
3U
219
8S3
29
1038
1.10
HH8
ih:ii
l.^
314
2&4
SflH
1,1
978
1,134
3.M2
ih:I'2
lli
338
•JiVi (too
32
1(1(17
12,10
2:23
ih;i;)
Ml
4112
394 8,1(1
2,1(1
I2f)7
1A99
2917
IHIII
24
5Sil
4A0 1003
147
192,1
10919
•12HU
)Hi:>
29
t)«7
AID
1177
174
3728
4721
74,1(1
• This sum Includes arrears of the orphan schuols which
hud acctimuluted Iruni I827.
Schools of Van DIcmen's Land in lH3fl. [II. n.]
Number of
If su
pported by
Nhiiic of the Parish, and in
Public or Free
School,
Salary of
Schoolmaster or
.Scholars.
^ a
0.2
n
Government
or Voluntary
Contributions.
= 1
CJ
(u
>
what County or District.
and where situated.
Schoolmistress,
X
1
i
1
£
£
Gov
Volun.
;Si
.*■.
^'.
.£'.
K.
£. ». rf.
.a. ,.d
St. David's parish, HobartTn.
Public School, Liver-
Mast. .10 Mistr
.25
38
19
57
Hell's . .
190
10
16 14 3 207 4 3|
5
county of HiickiiiKham.
pool Street.
Trinity pnristi, Ilohart Town,
1)0., Campbell Street
50
50 75
40
lis
Brit. &
180
167 16 2
147 Ifi 2
■J
oniuitv of Biickinitliam.
Foreign
Eliznliit'h Town, piirish of New
Ditto, New Norfolk
,10
50 19
4
23
Bell's . .
100
7 19
107 19
1
Ndrfolk.
Trinity parish, Glenarchy, c.of
Ditto, Glenarchy ..
.10
50
13
20
33
. .
100
33 6 6
133 6 6
f
liiickiiiKham.
1
Arunilfl parish, county of Men-
Ditto, Black River..
40
9
IB
27
Bell's . .
65
11 1
78 I
1
month.
Wellinnton parish, county of
Ditto, Sorell Rivulet
50
25
8
10
18
Ditto ..
100
16
100 16
HiicliinKham.
Ricliniond parish, district of
Ditto, Richmond ..
50
25
21
IH
39
75
58 12
133 12
1
Uiehiiioiid.
Jerusalem, district of Rich-
mc.iid.
St, Jolin's parish, Launceston,
Ditto, Jerusalem . .
50
25
8
6
14
Hell's . .
100
SCO
105
Ditto, Launceston..
so
25
30
28
58
Ditto ..
75
31 10 5
106 10 5
rt
county of Cornwall.
"
.Springs, districtot Launceston,
Ditto, Springs . . . .
50
25
11
6
17
Ditto ..
100
20 3
120 3 oi
county of Cornwall.
1
1
OcoriteTown, district of Laun-
Ditto, George Town
50
25
15
11
26
Ditto ..
75
30 17 6
105 17 6|
ceston, county of Cornwall.
!
Oailands
Ditto, Oatlands
50
25
9
11
20
Ditto ..
75
31 9
106 9'
(irecn Ponds, district of Dy sart,
Ditto, Green Ponds
50
25
16
6
22
Ditto ..
100
27 8
127 8
county of Buckingham.
'
llaKdail
Ditto, Bagdad .. ..
SO
25
S
18
23
Ditto ..
100
209 15 9
309 15 9 ,
120 16 \
tnmphcll Town, county of So-
merset.
Ross
Do., Campbell Town
50
25
7
15
22
Ditto ..
100
20 16
Ditto, Ross ..
80
25
9
5
14
Ditto . .
100
12 7
112 7
Clarence Plains, county of
Do., Clarence Plains
50
2J
19
13
32
Ditto . .
75
S3 19 4
128 ig 4
BucliiriKham.
Di-trict of clarence Plains,
Ditto, Muddy Plains
50
25
12
1
13
Ditto ..
75
920
84 8 OJ
county (if York.
1
Longtord, District of West
Ditto, Longford . .
50
25
15
17
32
Ditto ..
100
50 1
150 1 ,
Norfolk Plains, county of
I
Westmoreland.
1
District of Norfolk Plains East,
Ditto, Norfolk Plains
50
25
16
14
30
Ditto . .
50
31 4
81 4 ,
county if Westmoreland.
East.
I
Westlmty, county of West-
Ditto, Wcstbury . .
50
25
6
5
11
Ditto ..
73
24 10
99 10
moreland.
Perth, district of Launceston,
Ditto, Perth .. ..
50
25
16
15
31
Ditto ..
75
29 18 4
104 18 4
coiirty lit Cornwall.
Evanilalc, county of Ciirnwall
Ditto, Evandale
SO
25
24
22
46
Ditto ..
so
.>1
101
Sorell, county of Monmouth,
Ditto, Sorell . .
SO
25
22
1()
38
Ditto ..
"5
22 2
97 2
Forcett, district of Kichmond
Ditto, Lower Settle-
ment, i'itwater.
50
25
17
20
37
Brit. «f
Foreign
lUO
18 14
118 14
Carlton, county of Pembroke
Ditto, Carlton . . . .
30
9
9
18
Bell's . .
40
16 16 6
56 16 6
District ot Bothwcll ..
Ditto, Bothwell . .
50
15
12
27
Ditto ..
50
22 IS
72 15
Hamilton, county of Mon-
moutli.
Brown's River, county of Buck-
Ditto, Hamilton . .
SO
25
13
8
21
Ditto . .
100
18 17
118 17
1
Ditto, Brown's River
40
2(
9
4
13
Ditto ..
85
7 10
92 10
ingham.
(
St. John's parish, New Town,
King'sOrph. Schools
1 g i 100
226
228
454
i Ditto ..
About
, ,
..
cuunty of Buckingham.
New Town.
1
i
5000/.
1
^
M
\l
'I
:. ■-!: f^
^' I
wM
''€i:m
¥m
k
448
VAN DIKMKN'S ISLAND.— CKIMK AND GAOLS.
Ii "■''<ir
o
"H
9 ^ U Ot CM
*•*! * ? or —
<fc ST umS oiC*
uU
g=-«
S3j|
as's
'■' " ? S 3 3
vaifis
g^3S?
n a
ml'
Mnlo.
t ciiialu. I 5 5 •" 2 o ? i'
ri'.;;lTr|No. of Dditiiri.
I li'malr.i _
I ^i"].*-!:. Ino. of MiRdu.
I I't nm ff. Inu'unrmrs.
© o» 0>Ot__t^ t/*
No. of Fflons.
M * -' * U I
I'l'iiialr.
Malo.
Ki'imili".
.Mill.-. ^„ „, „|,t,it,d
Hrborcrn.
No. rf tried
I'llBdriiT'..
I Kriiiulr
?a
«»! 2
s " =i
35 f» o
re o 7*
= 7)
2"^
to>£
to U U U* O) *
art's
5-2.g
I'riMtiiirit iiut
(ini'loyrcl.
§3
D
3
B'
?
n
n
§
e
I r.
»»
5
rs
s
Si
M O E
-5P
— • i» — •
n
3
a
o.
C
re
Rt'turn of the Numlicr of Kxccutions in Van Die-
nieii's Land, and the Crime for whicli each Individual
sufl'ered, from 1824 to 1H2.5, both inclusive — 1824,
(this includes only the latter half of the year) Bur-
glary 7; Ca'le-stealing 2; Murder 6; Sheep-steal-
ing 1; total, Ifi. 182,'), Hurglary 3 ; bush-ranging
and Murder 4 ; Housebreaking 2 ; Murder 9 ; Sheep-
stealing 2 ; Shooting with intent 1 ; Stealing in the
dwelling I; total, 22. 182C, IMir-lury 2; Bush-
Yearn. '
1
•■ •- I'i td VI X •- 10 »i
»i _ »- N5 4. W 10 Ii Ii
»vevs~iiUUvoio<x
ft
No.
of Prisonen.
•• — tOIO^IOtOWM
(ou<«>iFot3«o»-io
<2 v9 3 o ve = - -1 10
t
a->>4>:r:<£»ioio>-
B
No. of Debtors.
I-I--I 1 1 1-
MM— OWOOU-I
g
at ~i p :-■• ^^ 4- •-■' lo <x
E.
o
h
g
o
B
2.
s
— — X CJ tc » li
a>o-j<»>-"-i**»io
Cj ;X «i ri 3% w L 10 —
— — •- — to
oc^"- — wlo^;'lii-
w lo -1 ~i v: w r. »o lO
g
&
n
f
i
-I r> «I tn W ?> V *'
s
g-
No. of No. of untried
tried Prisoners. Prisoners.
ooovotnEixai— 1
?
00 -I OD C> *• 0> ffl t"
t'■tolllUlt'voooc^
3^o•looc^^caD<oc^
t 1
Totl. Malej Fm.
^ ^- ^ 10 "-
^IJ>W — O — O — ^I
O W — Ii O" CO C^ — —
3 a O 3
O o o
4*<kl03 —a I0 3 3
o fc n) fo
Deatl
18.
SO
a
e
3
o
o-
ft
V!
B
3
1
3
u
3
o
re'
S
re
3
3"
3
in
3-
O
c
o
ranging and felony 6 ; Highway robbery 3 ; IIdusl-.
breaking 3 ; Murder'.); Robbery 3; Sheep- stialini,'
14; Stealing in the dwelling 13; total, :<3. 1n:'7,
Burglary .') ; B\ish-raiiging and felony 9 ; Foigiiy I ;
Iliuliway robbery 1; lloisc-stealiiip 2; llouscbrcnk-
ing 2; Murder 10; Rape on a Child 2; Slucp-.-tiiil-
ing 7 : Shooting with intent 1 ; Stealing in tlie ihvcl-
liiig 10; total, r)0. 1H28, Burglary 2; IIii,'Ii\\ay
robbery 2 ; Minder 4 ; Shooting with iiittnt 1 ; steal-
ing in the dwelling 2; total, 11. 1H2'.), Aisun 1;
Bush-ranging and felony 2; Cattle-stealing 1; hk\\-
way robbery 1 ; Murder 3; Rape 1 ; Sheep- stenMnc;,
3; Stealing in the dwelling 7; total, l;». lt<3U,
Burglary 1 ; Bush ranging and felony 8 ; Cutting;
and maiming 1 ; Horsestealing!; Housebreakiiii; I ;
Illegally at large 1 ; Murder 10; Rape on a elii!(l3;
Sheep-stealing 3; Uimatural crime 1; total, 30;
1831, Bush-ranging and felony 2 ; Hishwiiy Roh-
bery 1 : Rape on a child 1 ; total, 4. 1832, Hiii|;lary
3; Bush-rBnging and felony 1 ; Murder."); Piracy 1;
Robbery 1; Shooting with intent 2 ; total, 13. IH33,
Cutting and maiming 1 ; Highway robbery 2 ; Mouse-
breaking 2; Illegally at large 2 ; Rape on ii chilil 2;
Shooting with intent 1 ; Uniintural crinu' 2; tntiii,
12. 1834, Burglary 3; Cutting and iiiaiining :i;
sf
||iiiiitrliri'«kini( 3
liiiK 2 ; total, 1. 1
inxiiiiin;; I ; Miir
III tilt' ilwi'llliiK 2
X. Van Dieine
iiit'tit of New Sou
IHlTi, the Lieut.
KAi'iiitive Hint l.(
atliiirs of the islai
lire I'lirried on in
lit that Kovermniii
The r.xeeiltivi
vprniir, (.'hief /us
Tri'aitiircr, and the
fhe I.egHlutiv; (.'o
iiuiiiliers, nor lens
wariunt. Several
a» the Chief Just
( ha|ilaiii, Attorne;
uficiii im'iiibers
the making of laws
llie Koiiil ffovornii
ii|i|iriivnl of the Ki
imr has the inltiiiiK
('i)iiiicil ; drafts of h
mure of the coloiua
lore their eiiactineii
p'liey. Two-thirds
if a iiiajiMity disscii
minute the ground
law cannot be jmsse
Council, must withi
supreme court, and
they come into ojie
Mipreme court ileclai
laws of Knglaiid, or
the colony. The L
such an event, reeoii
iihjectioiis ; and if tli
he put in force and ti
the proceedings con
Kngland, so far as tin
In the administration
the colony, and all or
ofthcythGeo. 4, c.
within six weeks aft
session. Criminal o
or military oflicers a
judge and two assess
appointed by the Lie
by the parties, but th
the judge; if the as
has a casting vote. 1
application of either n
a jury to try an act
liiclare insolvencies,
H'sscs also ccpiitahle f
in New South Wales,
government and court
the same principle as
The Governor of
general of the district
Island ; the Lieut.-Go
colonel, and in that ci
stationed in the islaiu
Return of Troops
with the No. of Wom
and Deaths during tl
IH36.-Regts. 17th.,:
present, 31; Non-co
Ditto sick and absent,
( VAN DIKMKN'S ISLAND.— tJOVKilNMKST, Mll.llAKY ANH KINANCKS. 4-19
lliiinrhrwkinK 3 ; Murder .1 ; Stt-nlinn i" •*>p dwcl- , Cliililrt'ii. M. Ill, K. |.'>.1. Iiriithn time latt return,
liiiK J; tiitnl, l.t. 1MI5, RiirKlHrv .'> ; Cutting itiid
iiixiiiilnt; I ; Murdir '.i ; lla|ii' mi it chdd I ; Stfiilin«
III the dwi'lliiiK 2 ; tiital, I 'J.
\. Villi DiiMtii'iiN l.iiiid m n McutiMiiuit (iovcrii-
iiiciit of New South VVnlin, hut in IdchI iiiuttvrs tiiiiv
ls;>.'i, the l.lfiiffiuint (iovernor with tiw aid i>( hd
KAi'iiitJM' iiiid l.cniidMtJvti (' inril, adniinlRttr!! the
alt'iiirs of thf Isliiiid iittiT the s.udt' niatilitT as they
Hti' nirrlcd on in New Suuth Wales, nilii indipondf nt
of thiit Kiivi-rnincnt.
The I'.xt'Liitiv' Council consist* "f the Lu-tit -(jn-
vcrniir, (-'hief nistice, Tolonittl Sectftnrv, Colonial
Triiisurcr, and the uttlcer . '"ininaiid of the trooiis.
The l,i'),'i!»lMtiV'! Council consist ' "f not more than \fi
iii,iiil)eis, nor less than 1(1, u|)|Hiiiir>-d by the King's
wurriiiit. Several nieiiiliers of the govpiiiinent, such
;i« the Chief Justice, (Jolonial Secretary, CoioiiinI
( hnplttin. Attorney tieneral, Treasurer, ftc, ui'i' c.i--
nfiriii iiu'inhers of this council, on whom devolves
till' nml\inK of Uws and the issuing of (irdinniices for
the ;,'()()<l (foveriiiiieiit of the colony, suliject to the
ii|i|ir<ivnl of the King in (Council. The Lieut. -(lover-
imr has the initiaiice in all laws hniUKlit hefore the
(iiimcil ; drafts of such laws to he inserted in one or
mure of the coloniiil iiewspnpers ei;;ht clear days be-
lori' their enactment, unless in cases of special enier-
(joiicy. Two-thirds of the council must he present ;
if a majority dissent from tlie Governor, they may
minute the grounds of their dissent, and then the
Inw cannot be passed. Laws passing the Legislative
Council, must within seven days lie enrolled in the
siipremc court, and 14 days from such enrolment
they come into o]ieration, unless the judges of the
Mi|ir('me court decliire tlu'iii to he repuguunt to the
laws of I'.ngland, or the charter or letters patent of
the colony. The Lieut. -Ciovernor and Council in
Id men, t> children.
XI. The revenue is derived from custom iluties,
excite, fees, sales of land, and ipiit rentu, Vi . Cioods
of llntish manufacture are importable, duty free,
foreign ditto, live per cent. nU rulnifin. Spirits are
charged with a iluty of Kit. per gallon on brandy,
hollaiids, or geneva. West India rum or Itritish gin
Vi.t'ii/.; tobacco, I. «.)i<^ perlb. ; alicensetodistilor sell
spirits, costs 2.')/. per annum; to bake or sell bread,
'» ; to slaughter cattle or sheep, '>a. ; to keep a iIok
on the chnin, ^t.s. ; oil ditto, lo.i. ; and a hitch ditto,
//. ; to kee|> a cart for hire, ."it. ; auctioneer's license,
'M. 3.«. ; marriage license, M. -in. There arc fees on
grants of lands, kc. ciiuivalent to stamp duties.
Nuiiilltir of Licenses granted to Publicans, and
Licenses i?^i|fd to Wholesale Dealers in Spirit*.
Yi'ari:
Public
Number.
|H'.'7..
73
IHJH. .
M'J
1 «-".»..
III ;
iHliO..
12\ 1
|h;u..
I(i3 1
ih;ij..
liOH 1
ih;i:)..
140 I
IHUI*..
33.".
183:.. .
273
<ans.
Wholesale.
Amount.
Number.
Amuunt.
£.
£
lH:i5
none granted
2y2.'i
—
—
•.i77.-.
32
320
302.'.
31
310
4()7S
32
320
.'■.L'OO
44
440
314(1
40
400
M3!l
43
4:10
6U25
f.G
fiCO
• A new Act came into operation nt the close of
IS33, which threw two years into one.
IIH. >,v,.....^ w ., , , .,,.., J
such an event, reconsidiT the laws and the judge's' Miuni.tToi I'ost ()ffico«, i-trsons c-inplnycil, Kxtent of Post
iihjcctions ; and if they sei^ Ht, niny cause the laws to
be put in force and transmit to ICiigliind the whole uf
the proceedings connected therewltli. The laws uf
Knglaiid, so far as they can be applied, are recognized
in the ndministration of justice. All laws made in
theciilony, anil all orders by the Crown in pursuance
of the yth lioo. 4, c. H3, to be laid before Parliament
within six weeks after the commeiic'einent of each
session. Criminal offences are tried by seven naval
or military officers as a jury, and civil cases by a
judge and two assessors, niagis' rates of the colony,
ajipointed by the Lieut. -Governor, open to challenge
by the parties, but the challenge to bo determined by
the judge; if the assessors do not agree, the judge
has ft casting vote. The supreme court may, on tlie
application of cither a plniiititV or defendant, summon
a jury to try an action. The siiiu-eme court may
declare insolvencies, and distribute etl'ects ; it pos-
sesses also c(|uital)le and ecclesiastical jurisdiction, as
in New South Wales, and in fact, in all resjiects the
governiiicnt and courts of Van DIemen's Island are on
the same principle as those of the elder colony.
The Governor of New South Wales is e.r-ujfirifi
general of the district, which includes Van Diemen's
Island ; the Lieut. -Governor of the colony being only
colonel, and in that capacity, communding the troops
stationed in the island.
Return of Troops serving in Van Diemcn's Land,
»ith the No. of Women and Cliildren of each Corps,
and Deaths during the year ending 31st December
1»36.— Regts. 17th., 2l8t., .''.Oth., (Wd., foot; Officers
present, 31; Non-com. Officers and Private?, ()7H ;
Ditto sick and absent, 41 ; total, 750. Women, L'.Ci ;
3 M
Konds, .Niiiiilier iil Lett rs and Nevi'spuiiers forwardnl
Iriiin mill nf l.i'tttrs reeeiveil lit Hobiirt Town ; tiiKftlicr
with the aiiiuKil liicniiie and Hxpuiiuituie, troiu IMJ4 tu
IH:l.t, lidtli liiclu>ive.
Number ,
of 1
Post Offices. 1
H
So*
w 1
B -•
Ji
V C S
•/> f c „
J'JH Sir
iiifi:
\ IS
i
>•
y
* 1
IH-21
l:l
23!)
■N
IS ■,'.'>
13
ii3!»
iiororiirdswere
IH'.'ti
9
13
■23!l
kept, as until
wnnl.t siiii-
IH'.T
1W2H
13
13
•2.\t)
■2MJ
1 1K3J the I'list-
'otlice hih.iiKcd'
,5uu/. per
IS'J!)
9
13
■-'39
to a private in-
l,-i;)i)
13
•JMt
dividual.
mm
9
13
■2:n)
IH:IJ
30
711
i;i4
•iiisr,
13000 'J3II
).'■ 13!)«
•iMi
IS:i;i
-7
(id
134
()2i;i
loaioo ()3.i
IJ 2,V)()
iHll
mill
•i"
«0
434
7r,',ti(i
HI3:!l)i "SI
10 31.^2
33S4
is;i.-.
:i(i
113
434
U34M3
1187UHI vpu
1I2 M5U
M7&
This includes only seven moiith.s of lH3a.
In 1824, the mail was forwarded once a fortnight to
Launccston, George Town, Sorcll, New Norfolk, Mac-
(piarie Plains, Hamilton, Hothwell, and Green Ponds.
In 1835, the mail was forwarded once a week to
Waterloo Point, and twice a week to Hestercombe,
Hrighton, (Jreen Ponds, Jericho, Oatlands, Antill
Ponds, Ross, Campbell Town, Kvandale, Perth,
George Town, Westbiiry, Norfolk Plains, Lake River,
Mac(|uarie River, St. Paul's Plains, Fingal, St.
Patrick's Head, Bothwell, Hamilton, New Norfolk,
Macquarie Plains, Richmond, Sorell, Kangaroo Point,
Biowii's Kiver, Lauiiccstuii, and the Ouic.
I:
fv
i
"I I
f.
: ' • ';
J^
450
VAN UIKMKN'S ISLAND.— I-'INANCKS.
Net Revenue of Van nlemcn's Land from W24 to IHUli, Inclusive! with a Comimrntivc Return of the Expenditure nf
Van Dlonicn'8 Land, from tlio Colonial llcvcnuc from IHil to 1836, both inclusive.
—
Iterenue :
1824.
IHM.
182fi.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
183).
1832.
1833. 1834. 1835. \ ls:i,i.
£.
il.
£.
f .
1'.
:t.
X".
di.
£•.
.*•• .-f. Jf. ~^
Arrenrs
1703
;i!is
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— 6fi37 36:. 1 _
Customs
—
2:t817
33128
41786
50376
52814
585 IH
.'>9743 6:1722; 7167); ;o-,.,
Duties on Spirits distilled in
—
—
—
460
17a
149
533
1211
)))5
1085 782 1 1121! lll'lil
the colony.
■
Post Office
The different heads
—
—
—
—
—
69K
1974
1885 2112
:cin~
Licenses and Anctioii Duties
for these years are
21112
2072
3518
4739
5875
714'.
6378
8716
80S0
"■'^7
Rents of (Jovcrnnient I'ropcrty
not distinguished.
79s
1114.-1
2188
1322
12)6
13.'i3
765
54 1
725
P.'Sd
Fees of I'ublic Offices
—
^
—
3284
38I'S
3150
3472
44 10
6)90
62(i4
5421
6437
lirm
Fioes collected by Chief Police
—
—
—
H7
931)
919
1573
1736
1799
1403
—
8(1(1
U:!l
Magii-trute.
41-55
Total fixed Revenue ±'.
I(i8ti(i
2.1(118
:u().'.5
;i()765
51712
6201 8
67298
70823
77614
89939
0132U
illlll!)
Incidental
134fi-
l():i:n
19217
21719
2.1315
286R
2747
2732
1905
752
8 160
32331 s^joi
Land Revenue ' .
2418
5845
3160
2088
1324(i
7138
2915! 1,13111 1
llalance in hand
—
—
—
—
3736
200)6
26429
27O8S
38521
485221 31IH1
1 ;i2|iii.-,
12si:i7
Total Revenue £
3'21-2I)
42H4fi
.')3!)72
.VJ484
67489
64163
87943
98519
))906l
124027
1 19538 1 18007
Ki-pfnititiirp :
I
Civil Estahlisliment . 1
Continitent Expenditure J
l<)088
2;i79« {
15372
18583
21141
20093
24871
27838
30028 auniiii^
48114 •JHlll'.'/''-^'*''
8653
5003
11420
11565
) 7H25
22 181
Judicial Estahlishnient . 1
Contintrent Expenditure J
9487
10510 {
8973
8770
74)5
7567
8950
1( 10;i
I"lil3 1101:1 ,
5377 41lil ;'^'*''"
2038
2534
3607
2807
2787
38(1.5
Ecclesiastical Estnlihshnicnt"]
Contingent Expenditure y
The items for
2fi47{
2258
255(1
3009
3004
2594
3269
4563 4H07 1
3791 2424: 1'"'''-"
these •! years
.laiij'
938
93 i
2656
23«-.'i 2356
1921
Schools . . 1
Contingent Expenditure J
not separate-
ly rclutned.
6()2{
6(18
126s
826
1061
97H
1534
1003' 1067
1038i 1256
12(i7
l6(|(i
1925 27'.!H 1
109 19 4721 1 *'^''^
Miscellaneous
—
—
\:vM)(S
14S30
216011
4495
—
1501 3li21
2410
•'7i l:!i,-,I ||i|,„i
Pensions
—
22H,'>
1.V5
1801
1530
1530
I520| 1045
815
845 84.'i I
Military . . . \
Contingent Expenditure /
1209
1335 {
389
172
155
327 200
208
267 < 2!IK I'Jliiliii
1307
885
461
460 422
231
812 271)
Total .*'.
\\-<\'M
4278)
,^)0;4:i
S.'iSfiO
65271 1147359
53899
51900 (171 ()8
76506
II7.S65 I0302!)l |;|h;|si|
1
* In these years are inclu
(led L(
lans fr
im the
Conimib
■sariat
of respectively 8. 6'.
OC. i 9.
533/. J
19.217'
i 19,3li!i;. anil
21,500;.
t Until 1829. the expenses inrr.rred for the Civil Management of Convicts were borne by tlie Colonial (ioveriimcnl,
and the Deficiencies were made up by Loans from ilie Coniuii.ssariat.
Rcciipiliildtkii (if the £,v/.— [15.1?. 18;!r>.] Civil csta-
blisliinent, 4!), ril4/.; Contingent cNiieiulitiirc, li'.l.L'HS/.;
Judicial c; .iilisiiment, lL','.)21/ ; Coiitiiifji'iit i'Xirmi-
diturc, 4,7H'.)/. ; Kcclrsinsticnl cstnblishnioit and
schools, 7,1)48/.; Contingoit cxiii'iuliturc, ('(,102/.;
Miscellaneous exiienditure, 20,0.'5H/. ; Pensions,
877i. : total, 12!),.'i77.
Commixsaridt Department, — Disbursements, — Sup-
plies, 2[),2i:>l. ; Fuel and ligbt, 4281. ; Transport,
1,450/.; ray of extra stalV, ;i,'.)riH/. ; Money allow-
ances, 2,225/. ; Contingencies, (ifiO/. ; Ordimnie de-
partment, 11,027/.; Oidinnries, 15,(;74/. ; Pay of
commissariat otVuers, l,(i()(')/. ; Naval department,
401/. — S;:ecial Disbursements, Convict, 9,HH1/. ;
Colonial, 1,755/.; General, (1,304/. : total, Ifiy, 705/.
From wbich are to be deducted tbe following
Receipts. — Colonial Treasurer, Maintenance of
the convicts employed by the colonial government,
3,691/.; Repayment of sums advanced in Fngland,
viz. for passage of female emigrants, per ' Bondicea,'
1.800/.; Ditto, per * Amelia Thc-^ipson,' 1,800/.;
Colonial agent, Mr. Barnnid, 5,501/. ; Re-payment
of forage, issued for Colonial puriioscs during 1835,
2,300/. ; Re-payment of the amount issued for tbe
erection of the new police-oflice, 2,243/. ; Supplies to
civil establishment, for the year 18.35, 81(')/. ; Re-])ay-
ment of the Colonial store-keeper's drafts on tbe
military chest for May, 410/.; Ditto of forafjc allow-
ances issued in error to the police magistrates of
Gtorjo Town, 11/. Port Arthur, Hoots, &c. made
and repaired, 272/. ; Proceeds of sale of coals, 1,384/.;
Schooling, 15/.. Ordnance — Amount of police fines
and fees, l,lf>l/. ; Ditto rent from constables in
Barracks, 92/. ; For services of constables employed I
at Dcrwent Barracks, (U/. Military Receipts, Harrad
damages, 29/.; Stoppages for rations, 135/.; W^l
mental surpluses, 42/. ; Kent of Canteens, viz. ilo.
bait Town, 435/. Launceston, 4('i/. = IHI/. ; Repay-
ment of supplies to tbe Military Hospital, 3s/. ; Sums
recovered for over issues, 40/. ; Sale of Comiiiissiiriat
stores, 228/.; Ditto prison ship ditto, 3('i7/. ; llospi.
tal sto|)pages, 47/. ; Sale of barrack stores, 2/. ; Dittu
ashes at military barracks, 21. ; linlaiu-e of public
money in the hands of tiie Onliiance stoiekcepcr, i/. ;
sums received for sundry articles supplied to the
Colonial Government by the Ordna)ice Store-kccpor,
Fines received by ditto for bullocks iinpouiukd, I/.;
Commanders Flinder's Island for 2 1 sliil'ts issued to
wives of military, 1/. ; Colonial hospital fees, .=178/.;
Medical assistance to as.^essed servants, 10/. I'dliee
Magistrate, Richmond, — IJepayment of advances
made to him, 200/. ; P)-oceeds of unclaimed property,
2f)/. ; Principal and interest on tbe sale of the seliooiHr
'Adelaide,' 1,507/.; Repayment for foiage issuoil to
Lieutenant-Governor Arthur and suite at J.aiiiict'ston,
24/.; total, 25,4()1/. Total expenditure incurred bv
Great Britain, 144,244/.— [B.B. 183ri.J
Land Revenue of Van Diemen's Land since 1S31.
1831
1
1832 ' 1.833
1834
.Sale of Crown Lands .
Unit-rents
Rent of Crown Lands
1979
482
.t'. ! .f.
13207i(il'97
3I 491
396| 45
£•.
3574
993
lil5
lotaU
246:t
13607 7234
4673
1
IH35
lil:i6
i'.
i'.
I2KI(I
•Jlii;o
loilti
iili()
9^;
sri
,4833
•.>;!ll:l
Grea
years.
Val. i
1824
50(100
1825
5!l(.)3.'i
1826
72759
1827
111469
1828
157008
IH29
17(i3li6!
IK30
153478
1831
1832
1833
1K34
1835
1 83d
21l(il2
2938N.'i|
25K904I
16559J
403879I
386142'
1824
10000.
1825
9224 1
1826
24S15I
1827
21056
1H28
319151
1829
553351 1
1830
52031 1
1831
87893 1
1832
11 0883 :
1833
105126' 1
1834
1678151 1
1835
218754; :
1836
232720 2
The increasing trad(
of by the [ircccding U
incifiised sevenfold ii
ports of the settlemen
tenfold. The export
14,000/. to 420,(100/
lieeo extended in tbi
value of land and ca
same period 400 per c
pulntion and revenue \
live heads. The princ
wool, whale and seal
Englaiiil; and provisic
liouring colonies. Thi
1827, was 192,075 lbs
l«. 6(/. to '2s. fid. per lb
A Retuni of the Numl
longing to the Port
1824 to 1835, both i
HohartTown.
Years.
Vessels
Tons.
1H24. .
1
42
1N2,-)..
10
284
1826..
12
440
1H27..
18
1017
1828..
22
1187
1829..
27
l(i25
18;J0..
15
1285
1831..
24
182G
I8;i2. .
34
27<i8
1833..
44
2940
im..
52
3.;89
183;")..
56
3440
Increase in the nun
Increase in the toiii
VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND.— COMMERCE AND SHIPPING.
XII. IMPORTS AND SHIPPING OP VAN DIKMKn's LAND.
451
Years.
Great Urltuin.
Urltish Colonics.
United States.
Foreign Status.
Total.
Val. 1
No.
Tons.
Val..*'
No.
! T<ms.
Val.£
No.
Tons.
Vb1.£
No.' Tons.
Vftl..*
No.
Tons.
Men.
IH'JI
.'lOOIIII
•ill
;2l(i
liinoH l-j
1 ;i():i7
SIUOO
1 1 TM
(i2l)00
:i:i
UIK)
IH'.T.
r)ii!);i:i
*2'2
H-.'K(>
lK4l(i 2S
1 :i!iii!i
!inin
.1 , 1170
HHllil
32
l:i45.'i
IHat!
r-'7''!i
1!)
liS4 1
2471!) 3;)
4i)7:t
22(i!l
a
:i(i7
il!»7l7
,14
121H4
1N27
111 Kin •-7
flHII.'i
srtiHii fi,'.
H:ti)H
4fi77
.'1
7H0
l.'i2()27
!»7
lHH!):i
IH'.'H
iri/'diiKi :ii
USIi:>
riiliM 94
II.IIIO
7722
:i 1 7:i«
2 1 1 :IH2
131
2374 1
IK2!I
i;(i:ili()! ti
l;il(i:i
7;5--'!), (i.l
i()7i;i
1K2!)4
4
k:)!)
2721 Hi)
IIU
24717
IKIIO
ir.DirK :t:i
llifj.l
ly.HM M
11202
k;)7(»
i«
40.-1,')
2.i.-.:(oo
101
2t),'i82
is:il
'.'iKirj :i()
I'.'iOl
7."M4a .'i(i
1021 :i
1172(1
2
,170
2!).S77.'.
!)4
2:1 1H4
I tela
i.'!»:i«H.'i| .'SI)
I(i4H'2
i)iiii) yo
1 li>7i)
7t)62
.J
2li:l
I>l2l)()(i
142
;ii724
224
IHXt
'J.^S!)ll4i (!(i
ai.'.ii;
HDHlil) j)4
14:107
I
' )9
1:11:10
(i
12rt!)
.1.'>2M!)4
1«7
:I7442
2fil8
is:i4
r.lG.'i.lDj 4H
ifivj;
iinHri !)i
l.'.Olit
1 124
7:'H
1:1 181)
(i
1117
47(mi7
I.')!)
:i:i44l
ii:i3
l«;l.'.
4ii:ih;!)! r,i)
■Jliil:i
I4il(i(i4 I. 14
:ioo:ii
:i;i()H
f'
1217
2('7:is
la :i.'i72 1
•)H:)Oi()
2:14
.•i.-iH:);! :ifi,'.7
ik;i()
38614-2'
1
6il
lyroo
I(i:l47l
i
222
H.')712
2002
»
(iH4
Ii6'2r>
/
2041)
.i.'>H240
292
.''>HI42
:i7oa
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OK VAN DIKMEN S LAND.
10000
:i
9:)3
4, '.00
.10
I01!).1
!)224
1
271
14()13
.12
llli!)7
24 S 1.1
8
2.'i:)2
l<)(i8:i
18
!)!l!)l
21(i:it)
3
!»!)(■)
384,1!)
84
14(187
:ll!)l.'>
11
3321)
f.!)2fi(i
11,1
I8(j()li
,').'i:i3.1
1()
4,'>13
7111,1
!)2
l(.)!)HI
,'i2031
IS
4884
U3742
(ill
1,1,1.VI
87K!):i
18
■'■i7»!)
.138,12
83
l(),10l
110h8:I
21
(ilH7
4<)782
103
20277
IOJI2O
17
8078
47.1()7
133
27:177
I()7K1.')
II
3082
3.l:i<l!)
ll'l
21SS,1
2187,'i4
25
7331
l017Mi
IS!)
4273.-,
J32720
23
()8H0
I8(il<):i
244
43()7t)
1824
182,1
182(i
1827
1H28
182!)
1H30
1831
1832
18:13
1834
183,1
1836
The increasing trade of this colony may lio jiidijcd
of by the preceding tabic; with Grciit liritaiii it ha:;
jiiciTascd sevenfold in 12 years, and the whole iin-
pnrts of the settlement have been aiignientcd nearly
tenfold. The exports have been augmented IVoni
14,000/. to 420,(100/. per niinnni, and the toniiiigehas
been extended in the proportion of '> to 1 . The
value of land and cattle has increased dnrio',; the
same period 400 jicr cent. The progress of the po-
pulation and revenue will he seen under their respec-
tive heads. The principal exports of the colony are
wool, whale and seal oil, whalebone and hark, to
Englaiiil; and provisions and live stock to the neigh-
bouring colonies. The (pmntity of wool exported in
1827, was 192,07.') lbs. in is;?."*, 1,'J42,800 lbs., price
Is. 61I. to 2,«. ()(/. per lb.
A Return of the Number and Tonnage of Vessels be-
longing to the Ports of Van Dicmen's Land from
1824 to 1835, both inclusive.
290
(il
1
2,17
1210
7
224
HohartTown.
Launceston.
T(5tal.
Years.
Vessels
Tons.
Vessels
Tons.
Vessels
Tons.
1824..
1
42
^_
1
42
m:>..
10
284
—
—
10
284
is2r...
12
440
—
—
12
440
1827..
18
1017
—
—
18
1017
1828..
22
1187
—
—
22
1187
1829..
27
lf.25
—
—
27
1(;25
1830..
15
1285
1
101
ir,
I.IHC.
1831..
24
182f)
5
380
29
220C.
1832. .
34
27tiH
<J
58C)
43
33,')4
IH33..
44
2y4fi
11
898
55
3844
1834..
52
3.;s;i
14
948
6G
4437
183;)..
56
3441;
15
951
71
4397
Increase in the nuinbet of vessels . 70
Increase in the tonnage . . . 43.''i;')
, ,
2
476
14,100
3,1
1
407
2:18:17
.14
..
-
, ,
444!)8
.Iti
387
4
921
.11)902
91
280
7
2724
914(il
i:i3
534
:t
1248
12(i()84
111
207
II
41)07
M,1()K0
92
I
238
14174.1
102
2:tfi
4
1.1,1,1
1.17907
128
274
9
38(),1
1.12!)t)7
1,19
18
4
1()21
203,122
134
148
10
32:17
320()79
420123
12,1
277
11604
1213,1
12.123
16004
241)6
2,17421
2,104,1
2,14.11:
2801!)
3(i2.10
2!)588;
.131l)0>
527bO!
1907
2365
197.'J
3236
3313
A lUtiirii of tl)o Shippinp: and I'isliprics, and tlieir Value,
boloiijfiiiB tu Van lliemen's Land, Horn 1828 to 1835, in-
clusively.
c
•ft
ti
■g
■3 .
■a .
~
OJ
«
^
s
s
s
•a
§
in
J3
tn
C
tr
0.
(A
■*'*
15
c
a
•a
>
(A
a
c
'<*
r^
H
■Jl
■A
:a
;«
H
■S-
i*
Tons
£.
1828
,1
24:1
W
23
109
—
—
112«8
1K2!)
14
281
1
21)
1:11
.„
—
12313
18:10
/
:iii>
10
12
2;i3
6
—
220()5
1831
11
4!)8
()
.1.1
207
84
60
3:1,14!;
1h:I2
K
2!)l
12
7.'>
24(i
No return.
t
79
37176
1833
12
43 r
1.1
1 0,1
341)
3,1
,0
"3
30620
1834
4
24(1
23
84
3.IC
No return.
1^.
.161.10
183,1
,1
382
2721
;i.i
114
1,1.1
401)
.16
—
648,18
Total
(i()
,-i(),1
20:17
181
—
212
21)8299
tCompiled from Otflciiil Records in the Colonial Secretary's
Office, lOtli October 1831).— ./o/iH Montagu, Col. Sec.)
XIII. By an Act of the Legislative Council, No. 3,
7th Geo. IV., the Spanish dollar passes current in
this colony at -Ik. 4d. ; the Spanish dollar having a
piece out of its centre, called the " king dollar," at
3.V. 3(/. ; and the piece so struck out, called a " dump,"
at Is. \il.
Lieutenant-Governor Arthur, by direction of the
Secretary of State, issued a proclamation, bearing
date 1st November, 1834, notifying, that from the
1st December of the said year, all dollars whatsoever
of the South American States will be received and
issued in this colony in the Departments of the Com-
missariat and Colonial Treasury, and shall otherwise
pass current as money, at the sum of 4,s'. 4d. each (the
current value of the old Spanish or pillared dollar),
add the said several fractional parts thereof, at sums
respectively in due i)roportion thereto.
Hy an Act of the Legislative Council, No. 5, Cth
Wni. IV., the Calcutta or sicca rupee passes current
in this cotonv at 2,'i.
I !
".•i^
,"/ k
tH
452
VAN niEMEN'S ISLAND.— AGRICULTURF,, CROPS AND PRICES.
culation throughout the colony,
130,000/. .').«.
In 1824, there was but one bank in the colony with
a capital of 20,000/.; in 183r), there were 6 banks,
with a paid up capilnl of 200,000/.
The amount of sprcie in the colony cannot be ac-
curately ascertained ; it may, however, be estimated
at about 130,000/., which sum comprises British sold,
silver, and copper money, and dollars of the South
American States, as well as sicca rupees ; which
specie is distributed as Collows: — In the military
chest, 38,fi38/. lis. ; Colonial treasury, 328/. /.<. ;
Derwent hank, 13,27')/. 2.?. ; Van Diemcn's Land bank,
18,392/. 9.V.; Commercial bank, 10,.500/. ; Australa-
sian bank, 30,48C>/. ; Tamar bank, l3Jr2C>l; in cir-
4,8,')2/. ; e„ta|,
Notes of the undermentioned banks of sterlin"
denomination of 1/. and ujiwards are in circulation tn
the amount of .'i4,lir)/. The circulation of hills nf
exchange and promissory notes of less value thi>.ii i/.
is prohibited, by an Act of Council, No. 3, passt-d the
22nd September, 1826. Derwent bank, 11,271/.;
Van Diemen's Land bank, 11,232/.; ComiiuTcinl
bank, 7,021/.; Australasian bank, l.'),643/. ; Tniiinr
bank, 8,946/. Total, ,')4,1 16/. The rate of bank in.
terest is about 8 per cent. ; premium on treasnrv
bills H per cent.
XIV. Produce, Stock, &C. of Van Diemen's Land In 18;i6. [B. B.]
Name of the
County, District
or Parisli.
HobartTown ..
Laimccston ....
GeorRo Town . .
Wcstbiiry
Norfolli Plains
Campbell Town
Oatlands
Bothwcll
Hamilton
New .Vorfollt . ,
Brighton
Richm')nd
Great .Swan Port
Horton
Nature of Crops and No. of Acres in eacli Crop,
Total
i
J3
5^
9}
i
c
^ 1 a
On
»
847.') ; 331
286
64
27
B077 1327
l6()»
8y
5
180j .■)()
22
s
, ,
823 104
-13
7
1
3,'>!)3 457
974
30
3!
SK!)fi, 932
1471
88
30
1172, 4311
(i8(i
76
24
106« 469
581
29
1
H2.'i 548
310
103
3
ItitiO 47.1
310
52
6120 970
7(iH
85
5
81()7 1258
12t(i
376
161
1377 135
545
ti
5
431 ..
87
26
4038g
|7-«S9
917s
1037
|127J
^
.e
a
U
.'>93 209
528 875
90; 63
70' 400
170 834
32fi 1201
331 i 8701
60 1 783
97il063l
438 1 786
355 1 871
924.1088
92} 215
II 118
^.5
O >H
o o I
3145
763 i 18
28031 44 15439
40i ..| 452
6iy 18 2756
19S4 331 8078
4672: 54 14670
217 32: 3838
891 1 32 3931
270 ! 28! 3292
71 81 20 4162
863 67 10104
2536 126 17544
529 17i 2453
433, 4 1 786
.1.
« o 3.
a
3
No. of Stock.
4088,9378,1-338 494 90941
236551
33736
137H62
86252
501390
1 85504 {
947 1 88:
95539I
27052!
8S9.')9;
176725
64590
866, 157
1079 9419
143; 997
338 12733
762, 6.-i!)8
I486 111114
682, 646 1 i
324 I 4874
03
4113;
287
587,
37HH
1701
3979
998 8149
1U8 1162
ISO 1835
2369348 8243 74600
2420
972O8
11958
529118
65128
308283
133995
67439
82547
11487
31557
29098
15765
4930
906813
491
102
20
30
28
285
88
146
52
35
291
252
144
1;;64
Name of the
County, District
or Parish.
Nature of Produce and Quantity of each, 1836.
(8 V
S5
it V
60
1050
HobartTown .. 21187 13370
Launccston . . . . 243310 23175
Georpe Town . ,
Westhnry
Norfolk Plains
Campbell Town
Oatlands 11725 6450
Bothwcll .. .
Hamilton I .. I
New Norfolk . . 20
Brighton '1106I8 20139
Richmond 8IO70 25160
Great Swan Port! .. | ..
Horton
1363
900
16776
11725
25
TO «
O 3
8595
52070
1650
4250
rt SI
U tfi
11662
1664
267
1140
30 20
18949,1198
24320 5640
288
20
101
320
23
c c
*" o
>>2S
IS =
47481 4195
2112 4375
31
993 '62220
4
1276
277-^
763
2843
127
366
Price of Produce, 1836.
«. d.
3706
5
5
6
384
384 7
.. |6 6
8 1| 15 6
3859 1540! 445 5 6
4352 2536 2516 6
•= 5
a! —
d.
6 6
5 6
,s'. d.
6 6
4
6
5 8
6 6
b
6
7
V
6 6
6
6
■3 - .
2x I a* S
0.1 a. =•
s. d.
8
6
7
10
5
a
It
s. d:
6 !
s. d.'is. d.. ft, (i. s. rf.
60 0142 110 18 (I
60 .. 140 ..
6
80
60
,inn
I 9«
80 40 140
100 0,30 120
10
40 30 80
80 20
SO
120 21
100 ..
Total .... 48.5969 89429 121526 98I9 I480'11936 69OO9 8560 3730|5 9J 6 2 5 2 7 2t 6 9 i 67 9 32 4J111 l!l64
No. of Acres in Crop, and Nature of each Crop in Van Diemen's Land, from 1828 to 1836, both inclnsive.
Years.
Wheat
Barley.
Oats.
Peas.
Beans.
Potatoes.
Turnips.
English Grasses
Tares.
Total Crops.
1828
20357
3864
1573
646
35
1292
1269
4970
34033
1829
24423^
2886i
2231
600^
20
175IJ
1667
4792
429
3880 li
1830 311.5.5^
2749i
2395^
611 J
31i
1739
19204
I2797i
1,576
,5597f)i
1831 31007Ji
4010
4l66iJ
877
53^
1842i
4589J
9092
621
54219
1832 26346i
547 l!|
5690'f
1152*
68^5
18.14?
622 U
10773]
43
5fi(','.'6
1^.33 26268/
54i;4ri
WWl'i
116711 103 ,
262 It
65. '.Il^
11209i
61:!9!)t
1834 29!»73i;
5413
7348
I025i| 53 V ;
25(19:^
8';04i
13(;73;i
380
69041
1835 ,3:1931
76!»7
7410 1259 1 93 i
4585 !
20018
11866
424
87283
1836 '
40389
7499
9178
1637 1
i:!7 I
4088 1
9378
17338
494
yuyii
Number of H(
Horses
Horned Cattle .
Sheep
("loats .
Number of Acres
Oistrict.
Rothwell
BriglitDii
Caioiibt'llton..
Gtnree Town
tirtal Swan Port
Ilaiiiiltoii
H.ibart Town
Lannccstoii
NewNoilolk
N(irfi>lk HIaiiisi
Oatlands
Rjcluiiond ..
Westbury
Total
Reti
Years.
T
n
1829
C
1830
t
1831
c
1832
c
1 833
5
1834
.
1835
1836
*
Years.
Wheat.
Per Bushel
*. d.
1828
10
1829
7 6
1830
7
1831
6
1832
5
1833
5
1834
11 6
1835
6 6
1836
6
VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND.— AGRICULTURE, CROPS AND PRICKS.
4S8
Number of Horses, Cattle, Sheep and Goats ii> Van Diemen's Land, in each year from 182S to 18,36.
Horses
Horned Cattle
Slieep
(iuats .
1828.
20H4
N4nfi
.5r):<f.98
708
1829.
2514
109101
637141
815
1830.
1831.
1832.
.'^387
H5942
680740
.'>62
4217
97088
C82128
673
ii020
80939
756202
737
1833.
r.483
79r)17
719729
1071
1834.
711.5
7407.''.
76r>rir)2
1070
183,''>.
1836.
6449 8243
82217 1500
74462") .ti)68i:i
1548 1964
Number of Acres in Crop, Nature of the Crop, together with the Number of Live Stock, in each District
in Van Diemen's Land, December 18)5, from the Official Returns.
■ J . \ (fl.wl.
District.
&
1
^: 1
J3 «
a
M a
a
o
•Si
i
QJ
Q.
X
P
5 2
u
TkH
V
K'Si
**
S
CQ
S
M
t9
U 3
CQ
f
s
a. a a.
H
aa
f-
<V
•flu
s
U
M
^
Bolhwell
!t7n
23(1
4«y
30
2 55
632
007
30
1704
3000
280
4080
52100
_
Hi iKiiton
57?()
3i30
511
3!)5
4,11)1)2
4080
300
27
9523
8040
446
1051)8 20725
228
tiiiiiiilifllton..
Ay.ii
7(1(1
1321
45
12: 1U5
inud
301)3
27
0583
11051
130!)
1)011 2(1'I03|
103
GiMirec Town
111)
17
IH
3
— ' 03
35
25
—
184
3^1
20
804 1752
25
(ireal Swan Port .
vno
81
50
8
2: H!)
212
110
p
1371
1!)53
54
880i 10480
210
Hariiilloii •.
14IU
413
3U1
122
2 153
550
550
83
2184
3041
410
4138 54282
142
Hobarl Town
71)4
231
28!)
5(1
38: 473
11)4
01!)
1!)
1334
270!)
730
1074 3107
431
Lanncistoii
03»:)
704
1487
70
4 30P
487
1573
10
H584
11374
P20
10115 05352
40
New \oi folk
HO!)
335
2«1
(17
1 335
582
(11)2
7
2008
3320
351
1703 14041
84
Norfolk I'lains
400!)
314
83!)
25
2 170
401
072
10
515!)
0541
431
8!)!)4 57075
15
Oatlands
i'i2:i
44!)
(130
00
2 72
000
517
26
2302
3580
005
0002:188203
01
RIcliiiiond ..
5'2i)a
805
527
308
22 1 505
10727
2508
07
0030
12131
005
0570
21)232
101
Wpstbury
(ios
144
024
4
2 78
3.'0
510
1)7
1460
2UU
270
15410
.37103
03
Total
3.11)31
7091
1 7410
1250
{<)3,4S85
1 i
20018
11806
424
41)032
i
87283
i
6440
82217
744025
1548
Return of the Produce in Van Diemen's Land from 1829 to 1836, inclusive.
Years.
Wheat.
Barley.
Oats.
Peas.
Beans.
Potatoes.
Turnips.
Hay.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels.
Bushels
Tons.
Tons.
Tons.
1829
318641
60664
34166
8776
235
5192
11055
2098
1830
511000
57000
70000
10000
500
5900
10000
5500
1831
350000
79945
68000
9000
600
5500
8000
5000
1832
390000
74000
75000
10000
600
6000
9500
6000
1833
232543
65031
87106
10062
980
7070
10485
6604
1834
218348
89487
120247
11483
545i
7114
16301
7823
1835
508965
153940
160000
13000
870
12000
35000
7000
1836
485969
89429
121526
9819
1480
11936
69009
8560
'i'
Price of Produce at Hobart Town from 1829 to 1836, both inclusive.
Years.
Wheat.
Barley.
Oats.
Peas.
Beans.
Potatoes.
Turnips.
Hay.
Per Bushel.
Per Bushel.
Per Bushel.
Per Bushel.
Per Bushel.
Per Ton.
Per ton.
Per Ton.
s. d.
s. d.
s. d.
s. d.
.«. ./.
£. s. d.
£. s. d.
£. s. d.
1828
10
6
7 6
10
10
7 10
4
8
1829
7 6
5
5 6
10
10
6
2
6
1830
7
6
5
7
8
4
3
5
1831
6
5 6
6
7
8
5 10
4
9
1832
5
5
5
5 (■)
—
5 1 8
2
7 6
1833
5
4
3 3
4 3
13
6 10
1 15
4 0ft
1834
11 6
(•) 6
4 3
6
10 6
6
I 15
5
1835
6 6
7
4 9
4 6
10 6
8
1 15
6 6
1836
6
6 6
5 6
8
7 6
3
2 2
5 10
454
VAN PIEMEN'S ISLAND.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
A return of the number of grants of land,* and of the number of acres granted, in Van Diemen's Land,
during each year from 1824 to 1835, both inclusive.
1824.
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
No.
Acres.
No.
Acres.
No.
Acres.
No.
Acres.
No.
Acres.
No.
Acres.
Grants under 100 Acres
Grants of 100, but un-
der 500 Acres . . .
Grants of 500 Acres and
upwards
18
11
43
1030
2470
29920
92
103
84
4295
17444
90200
15
54
40
695
12175
47400
6
18
59
214
4400
72572
15
34
141
537
9860
154380
8
58
149
210
15900
191510
Total . . .
72
43420
279
111939
109
60270
83
77286
190
164777
215
207020
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
Grants under 100 Acres
Grants of 100, but un-
der 500 Acres . . .
Grants of 500 Acres and
upwards . . . .
5
66
85
185
14680
93144
V
73
158
330
20787
184690
2
8
25
35
42
2600
30600
7
17
2020
21480
7
8820
2
16
6
60
2440
6160
Total . . .
156
108009
238
205807
33242
24
23500
'
8820
24
8660
* Total No. of acres granted, 1,053,350; No. of acres granted to discharged soldiers, not included in the
above, 9,930 ; No. granted to the Van Diemen's Land Company, 350,000 ; total No. granted during the
! 2 years, 1,413,280.
Return of the number of lots of Crown Land* and town and suburban allotments in Van Diemen's
Land, together with the quantity of land sold, the amount of sale, and the average
price per acre, for each year, from 1828 to 1835, both inclusive.
LOTS.
Town and Suburban Allotments.
.i
No. of
Quantity in
Amount of
Average per
No. of
Quantity.
Amount
Average per
t*"
Lots.
Acres.
Sale.
Acre.
Lots.
of Sale.
Acre.
A.
£.
s. d.
A. R. p.
£.
£. s. d.
1828
42
49424J
13798
5 7
, ,
. .
1829
23
20870
7217
6 m
, ,
1831
33
31658
10417
6 6:1
8
40 2 26
1371
33 14 9
1832
79
7,5495
44931
11 m
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
1833
28
17239
4818
5 7
64
111 3 19
1256
11 4 8^
1834
, ,
• . • •
• • • •
• >
29
23 7
130
5 12 10^
1835
78
47048
23066
9 <Ji
••
••
■•
••
Total .
283
241736
104248
8 7^
101
175 2 12
2758
L5 14 3
* Total number of Acres sold, 241,911; amount of sale, 107,007*.
Property annually created and consumed or con-
verted into Moveable or Imnnivealile Property. — Ani-
mal food for 50,000 mouths, at 2201bs. each per ann.,
11,000,000 lbs. at 2rf. per lb , 91,666* ; fish for 50,000
ditto at 60 lb. each per annum, 3,000,000 lbs. at li^d.
per lb., 18,750/.; bread, vegetables and fruit for
60.000 ditto at 2(i. per day for 365 days, 76,04 U. ;
butter, eggs, milk, cheese and poultry for 50,000,
at Irf. i)er day for 365 days, 152,0837.; Condiments,
viz. salt, pepper and spices for 50,000, at Id. per
week for 52 weeks, 15,883/.; Luxuries, viz. tea,
sugar, coffee, wine, beer, spirits, tobacco, &c. for
50,000 at 2d. each for 365 days, 152,983/.; food
raised for horses, cattle, sheep, swine, &c. 60,000/.;
wool exported, 1,500,000 lbs. at I,v. 8(/. per lb.,
125,000/.; whale oil and whalebone, 30,000/.;
other articles of export, 30,000/. ; wearing apparel
renewed for 50,000 persons at 1/. each, 50,000/.;
furniture for 5,000 houses renewed, at 5/. each,
25,000/. ; increase of agricultural stock per annum,
100,000/. ; surplus income from trades, professions,
&c. and converted into moveable and immoveable
property, 5,000 heads of families at 25('. each,
125,000/.; created and lost by fire, storm, accident,
&c., 5,000/.: total annually created, 1,056,506/.
Moveable Property. — 3,400 horses, at 15/. each
51,000/.; 100,000 horned cattle at 3/., 300,000/.;
800,000 sheep at 12s., 480,000/.; 20,000 swine at
l(i,«., 10,000/.; poultry, value 8,000/.; furniture in
5,000 houses at 30/. each, 150,000/.; clothing be-
longing to 50,000 persons at 5/., 250,000/. ; farming
implements, machinery, &c. 30,000/. ; ships, bnats,
and gear, 60,000/. ; merchandize on hand, 200,01)0/.;
bullion and coin, 100,000/.: total moveable property,
1,639,000/
Immoveable Property. — 5,000 houses at iiO/. each,
iriO.noo/. ; lant
acre, 800,000/.
fenced, l,000,0(
Innd not grai
,1,000,000 acres
stores, buildmgi
forts, stores,
100.000/.; road
Total Imnioveaii
A Return of Ca
ing
at
o
1828 1381
1829,2034
18302601
1831 2800
Manufactures
men's Land in
saw mills ; 4 sh
maker ; 3 sail nc
10 water mills ;
deries ; 8 cart
makers ; 3 coop
snap boiler ; 4 ci
tory; 1 dyer; ;
breweries ; 1 fur
snuff nianufacto
1 comb maker ;
this district lime
year was 47,60(
eries. — There ar
54 boats emplo;
the quantity pro
oil, 424 fish, val
11,564/. ; sperm,
total, 55,564/.
Lmmeeston, —
breweries ; 1 d
manufactory ; 4
Fisheries, — 3 sh
fisheries. In 181
were caught ; va
Tumi, — 1 wind w
9 boats employee
100/.; salmon tr
bury, — 6 quarriei
1«. 6</. per bush
wind mill, and
Hour mills ; 13
Ontlands,—2 flo
2 flour mills ; 1 1
Skction I. Th
nated in a propos
Sir Francis Vincc
Esqrs., and othei
Government in I
expense to the m
of Australia. T
shipping to carry
years), from the
to find them in j
0.
Acres.
8
210
8
15900
9
191510
5
20-020
SWAN RIVER.— LOCALITY AND HISTORY.
455
iriO.OOO/. ; land cultivated, 80,000 acres at 10/. per
acre, 800,000/. j land granted, and partly cleared and
fenced, 1,000,000 acres at II. i)cr acre, 1,000,000/.;
Innil not granted, but tit for sale and culture,
,1,000,000 acres at .5*. per acre, 1,250,000/.; private
stores, buildings, &c., value 80,000/. ; gaols, chiirclies,
flirts, stores, and otiicr public buildings, value
100.000/. ; roads, bridges, wharfs, &c. value 500,000/.
Total ininioveai)lc property, 3,880,000/.
A Return of Cattle, Calves and Sheep for slaughter-
ing in rtobart Town for years •
Years.
Calves.
Sheep.
Ix
1
S
>
"a
U
Sheep.
1828
1381
— 35080
I832i3113
14lJ4:i3f.8
1829
2034
— 36324
1833
2907
9843409
1830
2f>01
104 45250
1834
2928
105 39207
1831
2800
143 43745
1835
3105
112,40940
1
Manufactures, mines, and fisheries !(c. in Van Die-
men's Land in 1836. [B. B.] Hubart Town — Two
sawmills; 4 shipwrights; 1 mast, block, and pump
malcer ; 3 sail makers ; 1 ro))e maker ; 1 steam mill ;
10 water mills ; 2 windmills ; 7 engineers ; 3 foun-
deries ; 8 cart and ])lough manufactories ; 2 coach
makers ; 3 cooperages ; 2 distilleries ; 1 pottery ; 1
soap boiler ; 4 candle manufactories ; 1 hat manufac-
tory; 1 dyer; 3 wool staplers; 4 felt mongers; 8
breweries; 1 furrier; 1 ])archment and glue maker; 1
snuff manufactory ; 8 tanneries ; 4 printing otlices ;
1 comb maker ; 1 agricultural implement maker. In
tills district lime abounds, the quantity produced this
year was 47,600 bushels, value 968/. ()S. Hd. — Fish-
cries. — There are 2 ships ; 2 brigs ; 5 sloops and
54 boats employed here in the whale fishery, and
tlie quantity produced this year was : — whale black
oil, 424 tish, value 36,800/.; bore, 123 tons, value
11,564/. ; sperm, 26 fish of 120 tons, value 7,200/. ;
total, 55,564/.
Lmmceslon, — 1 wind mill ; 3 water mills ; 3
breweries ; 1 distillery ; 3 tanneries ; 1 tobacco
manufactory ; 4 quarries of free and lime stone ;
Fisiieries, — 3 ships and 10 boats employed in the
fistierics. In 1836, black and sperm whale, 90 fish
were caught; value of oiland bone 15,100/. George
Town, — 1 windmill; 2 quarries of carbonate of lime ;
9 boats employed in the fisheries, viz., oysters, value
100/.; salmon trout and rock cod &c , 300/. U'est-
hnry, — 6 quarries of lime stone and pipe clay, worth
1*. 6(/. per bushel. Norfolk Plains, — 1 tannery ; 1
wind mill, and 1 water mdl. CumphelL Toirn, — 5
flour mills ; 13 quarries of lime and free stone.
(Mlamis, — 2 flour mills; 2 salt pans. Butlnvell, —
2 flour mills ; 1 brewery ; 3 quarries of lime and free
stone ; 2 boats on the lakes employed fishing for eels
of which there are great (luantities in the Clyde. Ha-
mi/tnn, — 2 fiour mills and 3 quarries of lime stone.
Neir Norfolk, — 3 fiour mills and 2 cpiarries of lime
worth 9(/. per bushel ; 7 boats eii'"iloyed fishing.
Brighton, — 3 water mills; 1 windmill; 1 brewery,
several quarries. Rickmond, —
water mills ; several quarries of
Four schooners ; 3 sloops, and
32 boats employed trading and fishing for salmon,
rock cod, eels, &e. Gt. Swan Po:,, — 1 salt manufac-
tory and 2 flour mills ; 3 ships and 13 boats employed
fishing. This year 69 whales caught, value 7,760/.
Circular Head, Horton District, — 1 fiour mill.
Comparative account of manufactures and trades
in Van Diemen's Land since 1824.
and 3 lime kilns ;
3 wind mills and 3
lime and free stone.
Trades, &c.
1824.
1828.
1832.
1835.
Agricultural Imple-
ment Makers . .
-
2
8
10
Breweries . . . .
3
7
12
13
Candle Manufactories
-
2
3
2
Cooperage ....
-
2
5
3
Coach makers , . .
-
-
3
2
Distilleries . . . .
1
2
3
3
Dyers
-
-
1
3
Kngineers . . . .
—
—
—
6
Fellmongers . . .
2
3
7
3
Founderics . . . .
-
-
2
3
Furriers . ' . . .
-
-
-
2
Mast Block Manuf. .
-
-
-
1
Mills, Steam . .
-
-
1
1
Mills, Water and
Wind
5
23
36
47
Potteries . . . .
-
-
1
1
Printing Ottices . .
1
^
3
5
Rojiemakers . . .
1
I
1
1
Sailmakcrs . . . .
1
1 1
2
3
Saw Mills . . . .
1
1 •>
2
2
Shipwrights . . .
-
i
-
4
Snufi' Mamifaetory .
-
-
-
1
Soap Manufactory
1
1
1
1
Sugar Boilers . . .
-
-
-
1
Tanners
6
' 10
21
12
Wool Staplers . . .
—
■ 1
i
1
3
Rates of wages per day in Van Diemen's Land to
Bricklayers, Carpenters, Masons, and Plumbers, since
1824. Bricklayers, Carpenters, and Masons, 1824,
12s.; 1826, lis.; 1828, 10s.; 1831, 8s. 4(/. ; 18.34,
7s. 6<i. Plumbers, 1828, 8s.; 1831, 7s. 6(/. ; 18.34,
6s. 6(/. The years omitted are similar to the preceding
year given.
CHAPTER III —WESTERN AUSTRALIA or SWAN RIVER.
Skction I. The establishment of this colony origi-
nated in a proposition, on the part of Thos. Peel, Esq.,
Sir Francis Vincent, E. W.Schenley, T. P. Macqueen,
Esqrs., and other gentlemen, to further the views of ,
Government in founding a settlement, at little or no
expense to the mother country, on the western coasts
of Australia. These gentlemen offered to provide
shipping to carry 10,000 British subjects (within four !
years), from the United Kingdom to the Swan River,
to find them in provisions and every other necessary.
and to have three small vessels running to and from
Sydney as occasion might require. They estimated
the cost of conveying these emigrants at 30/. per head,
making a total of 300,000/. ; and they recpiired in re-
turn that an equivalent should be granted them in
land ecpial to that amount, and at the rate of Is. 6(/.
per acre, makinjj; 4,000,000 acres; out of which they
engaged to provide every male emigrant with no less
than 200 acres of land, free of all rent.
This arrangement was not carried into elTect, and
>t
4.")C>
SWAN RIVER.— GEOGRAPHY.
I*
[ii.
a project for the formation of the new colony (with-
out nml<iiit; it a penal settlement), was issued from
the Colonial Office in IHJ9.
By this project his Majesty's Government did not
intend to incur any expense in conveying settlers to the
New colony on the Swan River ; nor supply them with
provisions, or other necessaries, after arrival there.
Such persons as were to arrive in the settlement,
before the end of the year IW.TO, were to receive, in
the order of their arrival, allotments of land, free of
quit-rent, proportioned to the capital which they
were prepared to invest in the improvement of land,
and of which capital they were to produce satisfactory
proofs to the Lieutenant Governor, at the rate of 40
acres for every sum of 3/. which they were prepared
so to invest.
Those who incurred the expense of taking out
labouring persons, were to be entitled to an allotment
of land, at the rate of IT)/., that is, of 200 acres of land,
for the passage of every such labouring person, over
and above any other investment of capital. In the
class of ' labouring persons' were included women,
and children above ten years old. With respect to
the children of labouring people under that age, it
was proposed to allow 40 acres for every such child,
above three years old ; 80 acres for every such child,
above six years old; and 120 for every such child,
above nine, and under ten years old.
The title to the land was not to be granted in fee
simple, until the settler had i)rovcd, to the satisfac-
tion of the Lieutenant Governor, that the sum re-
quired, (viz. Is. 6d. per acre), had been actually ex-
pended in some investment, or in the cultivation of
the land, or in solid improvements, — such as build-
ings, roads, or other works of that kind.
Any land, thus allotted, of which a fair proportion,
at least one fourth, should not have been brought
into cultivation, or otherwise improved, to the satis-
faction of the local Government, within three years
from the date of license of occupation, was to be liable
to one further payment of Cd. per acre for all the land
not so cultivated or improved, into the public chest
of the settlement ; and, at the expiration of seven
years more, so much of the whole grant as should
remain in an uncultivated or unimproved state was to
revert absolutely to the Crown. And in every grant
there was to be contained a condition, that, at any
time within ten years from the date thereof, the CJo-
ve'iiiment might resume, without compensation, any
land not then actually cultivated, or imjiroved, as
before-mentioned, which might be required for rnads,
canals, or quays, or for the site of public buildings.
After the year 1 8.S0, land was to be disposed of to those
settlers who might resort to the colony on such con-
ditions as his Majesty's Ciovernment should determine.
Captain Stirling was appointed Lieutenant-Go-
vernor of the intended sittk-iiient, with a grant of
100,000 acres ; and Mr. I'eel was to receive 250,000
acres, on condition of taking out 400 emigrants,
with liberty to extend the grant to 1,000,000 acres,
previous to the year 1840, by receiving 40 acres for
every child above three years, 80 for every child
above six, up to ten years 120, and exceeding that
age and upwards 200 acres for each person con-
veyed to the colony. The terms requisite to ob-
tain .500,000 acres have been complied with. Un-
der these circumstances, early in 1829, a number of
settlers left England for Swan River, in Western Aus-
tralia, where they began to arrive in August, and to
locate themselves along the banks of the Swan and
Canning Rivers, so that by the end of that year
there were in the new colonv residents 8r)0 ; non-
residents 440 ; value of property, giving claims tu
grants of land, 41,5r>0<. ; lands actually alluttcd
.125,000 acres ; locations actually effected, .39 ^ x,/
of cattle, 204; of horses, .57; of sheep, LOyr,; ,|f
hogs, lOfi ; and 2.5 ships bad arrived at the settleirunt
between the months of June and December. Such
was the commencement of our new colony on the
shores of Western Australia. The settlers met at
first, as must be expected in all new countries, with
many difficulties, and great hardships had to he sur.
mounted ; the land near the coast, as is tlie cnst'
generally in New Holland, was found poor and sandv •
but subsequently, on exploring the interior, fine pas-
toral and agricultural tracts have been discovered, \
portion of the settlers have been located nt Kiii"
George's Sound (lat. 35.fi.20. S., long. 1 18.1. K.) nuar
the S. W. extremity of Australia.
After this introduction to explain the origin of the
settlement, which is dated from the 1st Jinie, isji
and which through good report and evil report, has
proceeded in the path of energy and industry, we niiiv
now examine the geographical features of the country.
II. Western Australia, lying between the parallels of
31. and 35., S. lat., and including all that part of
New Holland situate to the westward of the 129" of
longitude, is therefore 1,280 miles from N. to S., aid
800 miles from E. to W. It comprises a fine extent
of territory, of which the distinguishing features are
three distinct parallel ranges of primitive moniitaiiif,
bordering on the sea-coast, in a N. and S. clirectior..
The highest and easternmost has its termination near
Kiri's George's Sound, in 35 S. lat. and 1 18. E. long —
the second, denominated the Darlivf:; Rfini^e, pnssos
behind the Swan River, and nieets the sea at fu/ip
Chiitham in 34.40. S. lat., and 115.20. E. long. ; the
thin ridge, which is inferior in altitude and extent,
has its southern boundary at Cape Leuwin, in .14.20.
S. lat., and 115. E. long.; di.»appearing at Cajw Nn.
tnraluto, in the same meridian in 33.30. S. lat.; and
on shewing itself again at Mare.iliy's Flat-topped Rnvin'^
about half way between Sirtni Hirer and Shnrk'i, linn,
or about 300 miles to the N. of Cape Leniriii.
These dividing ranges give off several rivers, which
flow E. or W., according to the dip of the land at
either side — the principal on the sea shore being the
Siran and Caiuiins:, in 32. S. lat. ; the Murraij, in
32.30. S. lat.; the Collie, the Preston, and a smailrr
stream into /'or/ Lesvhenault, in 33.12. S. lat. ; the
lUachwood, to the eastward of Cape Leuwin, and dis-
emboguing into Flinders' Buy ; the Dennuirh, Kent,
Uaij, and Steeman, on the S. coast, in 35. lat. ami
nearly 117. long.; and Kins;'s Hirer, falling into
Kin'j; Geors^e's Sound, in 35. 6.20. S. lat., 1 18.1. E.lonsr.
When the coast is further explored, other rivers will
most probably be found.
On each of those rivers, locations have been formed
by our hardy settlers ; the [town of Freenianllt' 1ms
been founded at the entrance of the Swuu Wrer;
Perth, about nine miles inland, on its right or north-
ern bank ; and Guildford, about seven miles further
E. at the junction of the stream ; a town, called
Aufpista, was founded at Blarkuwod's Uirer, mar
Cape Leuwin ; and Kin^ George's SoumI, which has
been occupied by a detachment of troops ami con-
victs from Sydney in 1820, has been given over by
the New South Wale" Government, auii attached to
the Swan River Cf-Vmy.
The following excerpts from the official report
made by the Governor to the Colonial Office, l.'ith
October 1837, together with the statistics derived
from the Secretary of State, will give a lair view oi
the colony.
SWAN RIVER.— GEOGRArilY, GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY AND SOIL.
iiig claims t.,
Jally Hl!(jtt('(|
ted, 39 ; No!
ho settlcmtnt
ember. Such
colony on the
ttlurs met nt
iMintries, with
nd to 1)0 Mil.
» is the ciiso
or and samlv ;
rior, fine pu's'
liscovorod. a
•atod at Kill"
l».l.K.)ne.u
oris,'in of the
t June, iSL'.i,
il report, has
istry, we niny
f the country.
;he parallels of
1 that part of
f the 12<jUi,f
N. to S., aril
a fine extent
; features are
^■e monntaiiis,
1 S. direction,
mination near
1«. E. lonR —
Rdnsi; passes
e sea at C«;/p
E. long. ; the
e and extent,
win, in .'!4.:'n.
t at C(ipi' X(i.
S. lat.; and
topj.eil Riimsc,
Slinrk's Bay,
in.
ivers, which
the lanil at
ore being the
Miimiy, in
and a smallrr
S. lat.; the
n, and dis-
nut ill, Kent,
H:'). lat. and
Tailing into
f<.\. I'Mone.
rivers will
wir
h
been formed
I'liKiullf has
iinitt Riirr;
;ht or north-
lilts further
town, called
liii'f'i; near
(/, which has
js and con-
?n over by
attached to
Kcial report
Ortice, 1,1th
itics derived
fair view ui
It appears from King's surveys, tlint the coast of
the colony, within the tropic, is fronted l)y indenta-
tions, hays, straits, and islands, and aliounds in the
finest harbours in)ap;inablc. The rise anil fall of tide
in some places amounts to 3.'i feet, attbrdiiig oppor-
tunities thereby for building docks, or for laying
ships on shore, without considerable expense. The
existence of an interior sea, or of great rivers, con-
nected with some of the inlets which were not fully
explored by King, remains a problem as yet unde-
termined.
The princijial ports in the south-western parts of
the colony are those in Cockbiirn Sound and in
Kin;,' (ieorge's Sound. The first of these is iin excel-
lent jiort, but its entrance is encumbered by rocks,
and it is not accessible with safety to large vessels,
while there is not an elVective establishment of pilots
and beacons. The open anchorage at the mouth of
the Swan River is therefore in general use at present.
King George's Sound possesses all the tpialities which
constitute a good harbour; its position being how-
ever to the eastward, and to leeward of Cape I.eewin,
in the vicinity of which strong westerly gales |)revail,
this circumstance detracts from the value of its other
qualifications. Shark's Hay abounds in safe anchor-
ages, and attbrds, as well as Doubtful Island Bay,
secure access to the districts in their immediate vici-
nity. Harbours for boats and small coasting vessels
exist near the entrance of Peel's Inlet, l\)rt l.eshe-
nault, Augusta, Nornalup, Torbay, CoUingwood Bay
and Cape Riche.
One of the most remarkable peculiarities on the
south-western coast of the settlement, is the freipient
occurrence of estuaries or inlets of the sea, having
narrow and shallow entrances. Bet een King
George's Sound and Swan River, there are no less
than 10 of these; they are usually from five to ten
miles in length, and from two to three in breadth ;
they serve as the receptacles of the streams in their
vicinity, and will afford hereafter water communica-
tion to the inhabitants. In the summer season, the
water in them is salt, but becomes fresh after the
return of the rains.
In the interior, no lakes of any extent have been
as yet discovered, but salt marshes, and salt pools of
small diameter, are not unfrequent.
The absence of considerable mountain ranges for-
bids the chance of finding any considerable rivers of
a perennial character ; and it is somewhat remarka-
ble, that one of the largest rivers known, whose
course is not less than MO miles, disappears entirely
as a stream, and ceases to run, long before the end
of the dry season. In the country situated to the
south of Swan River, there are, however, .streams
which continued to run throughout the year, as may
be instanced in the cases of the Murray, Harvey,
Brunswick, Preston, Capel and Donelly ; and on the
south coast, where the country is more hilly, and the
rains later, mill-streams exist in great numbers, and,
fortunately, those districts contain an inexhaustible
supply of the finest timber.
The chance of discovering a river of great magni-
tude on the north-west coast, appears to be strength-
ened by the non-occurrence of any considerable
stream in those other parts which have been as yet
explored.
The supply of water for domestic [un-poses, in all
those districts which havi> been occupied, ajipcars to
be sufficient. In the district of York, inconvenience
has been found on some farms, from the difficulty of
finding water at first, but these inconveniences have
3 N
been usually overcome by the discovery of springs,
on further inspection. The country at the distance
of 100 miles from the western coast, does not appear
to enjoy its share of the rain brought in by the west-
erly winds, and it is to be apprehended that a defi-
ciency in the supply of water, during the dry season,
will be found in that ([uarter when it comes to be
settled.
IV. The whole of the occupied jwrtion of the ter-
ritory appears to rest upon a granitic base ; rocks of
that description having been found to exist in every
district which has been as yet explored. In the
neiijhbourhood of Doubtful Island Bay, the granite
assumes the stratified form of gneiss, and as red
sandstone is found on the north-west coast, and ter-
tiary formations on the shore of the Australian
Bight, it is probable that the general dip of the coun-
try is in a direction a little to the north of east. To
the south of the .'51st degree of latitude there are no
mountain ranges of any great altitude ; the highest
as yet known being that of Koikyouureull', near King
George's Sound, which attaip.s to the height of ?,.')()()
feet. On the primitive base of the country, none of the
the secondary formations have been found to exist ;
basaltic rocks are not however UMfrecjuent in almost
every district in the country ; and in one po.sition in
Gcographe Bay, there is a columnar formation re-
sembling in its character that which exists on the
north coast of Ireland. The principal range of hills
extends in a nortlurly direction from the south coast,
near Cape Chatham, for at least 'MM miles. The
only varieties of rock which have been found on this
granite range, are occasional portions of roofing slate,
and of indurated clay ; but extending from ihe west-
ern base of these hills towards the sea, upon an aver-
age breadth of about 20 miles, there is a low and
tolerably level plain of diluvial origin, which bears
the marks of having been covered by the sea at scmie
remote period. The portion of this plain nearest to
the sea presents limestone hills, which have a slight
covering of meagre sandy soil ; the remainder varies
from sand to clay, with exception of the lands in the
immediate vicinity of rivers, which have been allV cted,
and rendered rich, by the overflowing of the streams.
The mineral substances heretofore discovered, are
lime, marl, selenite, slate, siliceous and calcareous
petrifactions, magnetic iron ore, [leacock iron ore,
chromate of leail, and chrystals of (juartz. The very
small portion of the territory which has been inspected
being almost entirely of a primitive description, a
larger list of minerals could not be expected ; but
when time shall permit the further examination of
the northern districts, of the red sand-stone forma-
tion, it is not unlikely that important mineralogical
discoveries may be effected. The discovery of copper
ore by Captain King in the vicinity of Camden Bay,
corroborates this expectation.
The surface of the country generally is covered
with those substances which are technically called
earths, in contradistinction to soils. Of the latter,
as far at least as relates to those of a vegetable origin,
a very small portion exists, and that only on moist
grounds. The extreme drought of the climate, and
the summer conflagrations, appear to prevent the
growth of succulent plants, as well as any great ac-
cumulation of soil from decayed vegetation. But
although the country is not remarkable for richness
of soil, it is favourable in other respects to farming
|)iirposes. In its natural state there is scarcely any
part which does not produce some description of
plant, and its defects appear to be of that class which
in
"■
■it'
Jit
4r)S
SWAN RIVER.— CLIMATE.
lilt, nitird hy climate, will be enulilcil hereafter to
overcome.
V. The wet season commences with light showers
in April, which continue to increase in number and
force throughout May, June, and July, and from that
period to decrease, until they cease altogether in the
month of Noveml)er, when the dry weather begins.
'I'hese two seasons, with an intcrnu'<liate spring fol-
lowing the conclusion of each, embrace the circle of
the year. It is usual to call the wet season the win-
ter, and the dry season the summer, but neither of
them has the character of the corresponding season
in Eurojic. The extreme drought and heat of an
Australian summer renders it the least agreeable por-
tion of the year, while the winter, with the excep-
tion of intervals of stormy weather, is only sutli-
ciently cold to be pleasant.
The prevailing wind, in the seas adjacent to Cape
I-eewin, is from the westward throughout the year ;
on the coasts, however, land and sea brec/es take
l)lace with great regularity in the summer. In the
winter season gales of wind from the north-west and
south-west are very frequent, and are usually acconi-
|)anied hy heavy falls of rain. At such periods the
atmosphere is charged with moisture to a considera-
ble degree, and the quantity of rain that has been
ascertained to fall at King George's Sound, in the
course of the six winter months, cipials the quantity
experienced in the western counties of Isngland. The
atmosphere in the summer season retains so little
moisture that none but hardy and fibrous plants can
withstand the drought. The air is so clear, and the
reflection of solar heat so great, that the thermometer
occasionally reaches, in tl;j shade near the ground,
IC)", but the effect at those times upon the luuMpean
constitution is not injurious; this can only be ac-
counted tor, under so great a heat, by the peculiar
dryness of the air, and the regular succession of cnol
nights after the waiinest days. The experience of
the last eight years has established in the minds of
the colonists the full belief, that the climate of the
settlement is, in a remarkable degree, conducive to
health and to comfort : but it certainly is not equally
suitable to the growth of those vegetable products
which flourish to great advantage in moister climates.
With reference to this point of difference between
England and this new colony, it is perhajjs fortunate
for it that it does not resemble the former country,
but may rather be considered in tem])erature as a
supplement to the southern districts of the United
Kingdom, and as affording every range of tempera-
ture between the Land's Knd and the equatorial
regions for the production of commodities which can-
not be raised in the colder atmosphere of the mother
country.
The subjoined communications on Climate, Me-
teorology, rain, Sec, have been drawn up by John
Harris, Esq., Colonial Surgeon : —
In compliance with your desire, I give you such
information as my experience in the colony has ena-
bled me to collect, on the following subjects :
1st. On the climate, seasons, scale of thermometer,
quantity of rain, &c. 2d. Diseases, endemic or im-
ported, influence of the climate on the health of men
and animals, and a general state of health of the inha-
bitants. 3d. Diseases incidental to cattle.
On the climate, I beg to remark, that the concur-
rent testimony of every individual who has s|)ent a
round of the seasons in this country, has given to it
a celebrity, which increases as we become better
acquainted with the steady and uniform changes
which those seasons bring. The hottest months nro
January, February and March ; but, althouj;li ^u^.
thermometer has stood in the shade at 'JO, ami iiKinc
instance, in March of the present year, at 10."), the
mornings, evenings and nights are generally coul imd
pleasant, and the mid-day heats are tempered by ^
refreshing sea breeze from the south-west, which sets
in with considerable regularity about noon. Tln'oti"!,
the whole summer, a land breeze from the east pre-
vails in the mori\ing; the sky is beautifully clear,
and the air pure. Slight fogs occasionally Imii"
along the course of the river, early in the inurning;
a refreshing dew falls during the night ; but as tlieru
are no considerable marshes, the country is free fnini
malaria or noxious vapours. The winter mouths arc
June, July and August; the two latter the nuist
rainy. There arc sometiines smart frosts, and now
and then a little ice, all traces of which disiippenr
on the rising of the sun. Snow is unknown. llai|.
stones of very large size, occasionally fall. A lire is
agreeable during these winter months, mornings anil
evenings. The rains seldom continue more tliim
three or four days, falling chiefly in heavy showers,
with squalls, and sometiines storms of tluuider and
lightning, and now and then severe gales from the
north-west. The intervals of fine weather are rrom
five to ten days. During the other quarters of the
year, nothing can be more delightful than the eiiniatc
generally, and its invigorating influence on the Inniian
constitution, especially of the Europeans, renders i:
more fit for invalids than any other in the wurld.
During the winter months, the greater part of which
are remarkably temperate and fine, the chnnges (jt'
temperature are often sudden ; but by ordinary cure
and avoiding unnecessary exposure, no ill coM^e-
fpionces ensue to the invalid. Several persons arrived
in the colony, sull'i-ring from pulmonary and hruii-
cbial affections, asthma, phthisis, hannoptysis, or
.-■pitting of blood, hopeless of recovery in Ijuopc,
arc now perfectly recovered, or living in comparative
health.
The principal diseases met with in this colony,
are rheumatism, dysentery, scurvy, and catarrh, dur-
ing the winter months ; and during the summer, and
beginning of autumn, a kind of subacute purulent
ophthalmia, which is endemic, and is the onlydiscibc
that can strictly be so considered. Hooping coii<;li
was iruiiorted in 183;-t, but has disappeared since ln'M.
Gonorrha?a has been also introduced. Small-pox and
measles are unknown. Vaccination has not hitherto
succeeded. Cases of fever are seldom met with ; and
the diseases enumerated as most common, are never
of obstinate character, if attended to promptly. Very
few cases of ophthalmia have occurred durinj; the
past season, owing to the care taken when the first
symptoms appeared. Scurvy has nearly disappeared ;
indeed, nine cases out of ten, reported of this, and
most of the diseases named, occurred during the early
days of the settlement, when the people, especially
the labouring classes, were badly sheltered, and badly
fed, without vegetables, siiflering from fatigue, ex-
posure in wet weather, or to a hot sun, alternately,
privations of every kind, and consetpient despon-
dency. Intemperance was also a primary cause, in a
great many cases, especially of dysentery. The higher
classes, being better provided with food and shelter,
were generally healthy. Many of the causes no longer
operate. Few of the labouring classes are now with-
out comfortable dwellings ; food is plentiful, and
vegetables of every kind are raised in great abundance,
with a fine climate, therefore obnoxious to no parti-
nilar diathesis : tl
from (iO to f>4, th
are as healthy a
My range of pract
1,000 persons, and
this moment I ha
list.
The experience
rely on a steady an
the agriculturist is
in the field, both ir
interruption from
other ])art of the
rains, or long cont
fair prospects whic
calculate on the res
condition of his si
those districts suite
tatlon of profitable
mals and domestic
cattle, however, liav
symptoms of whicl
although consideral
this disorder, the
Thermometer
Months.
Max.
Janua!7. .
9i»
February .
9.5
March . .
102
April . . .
90
May . . .
80
June . . .
75
July. . . .
r,r,
August . .
T2
September
78
October. .
80
November
82
December
95
Fogs are extremel;
lagoons and rivers, n
SWAN RIVER.— CLIMATE.
4ft9
cnlar diaUiosis : the averaRC mean temperature being
from CO to fi4, the inhabitants of Western Australia
are as healthy a community as any in the vorld.
My range of practice ineluiles a population of about
1,000 persons, and it may be well to observe, that at
this moment I have not a single sick person on my
list.
The experience of seven years has brought us to
rely on a steady and uniform return of the seasons ;
the agriculturist is enabled to carry on his o|)eratioiis
in the field, both in seed time and harvest, with less
interruption from inconstancy of weather, than in any
other part of the world yet known. No excess of
rains, or long continued droughts, occur to mar the
lair prospects which cheer his labour ; he may safely
calculate on the result. The stock owner see.s, in the
condition of his sheep, goats, cattle, and horses, in
those districts suited for grazing, a reasonable expec-
tation of profitable return. All descriptions of ani-
mals and domestic fowls thrive well. Sheep and
cattle, however, have been attacked by a disease, the
symptoms of which, in both, arc very similar ; and
aIthou2;h considerable attention has been given to
this disorder, the remote cause has not yet been
clearly ascertained ; no particular diathesis is observ-
able. It has chielly Hp|)eared in flocks recently im-.
ported and in feeble condition, and in cattle engaged
in long journeys in the bush, where the food is
scrubby and coarse. Flock:* kept on low damp ground
near the coast, or in high scrubby groiuid, destitute
of healthy grass, or in tbiving them across the Dar-
ling range of hills into the interior, through scrubby
country, have, too, been principally affected, owing
probably to a deficiency of a requisite bitter stimula-
tive (prnlity in this kind of food, of ditlicult digestion
in stomachs so peculiarly formed as those of ruminat-
ing animals. Horses are fe<l on the same ground,
without the least injury. The disorder seems the
most fre(|uent at the commencement of the wet
season, the immediate cause being the condition of
the stomachs, overloaded with hard indigestible food,
in a state of fern\entation, from food eaten after rain,
and conse(|Ucnt pressure on the heart and lungs. The
mode of treatment is urgently indicated, iianiely, —
bleeding and stimulants, spirits of tiirpentiiu.', and
afterwards a little salt ; but, as death ensues a few
minutes alter the attack, which all'ects many at the
same time, the utmost activity i"- reciuired.
Meteorological Journal for 18;m.
Thermometer.
Barometer.
Winds.
E. or land
Months.
Max.
Min.
Max.
Min.
breezes
night and
morning.
Weather.
p. M. [
January. .
9V
r.7
30.20
29.75
S. W. 8c Clear, sultrv, oppressive ; or the 31st rain, lightning,
S. S. W.
and thunder.
February .
vr,
.'■)8
30.15
29.75
S. W.
S. S. W.
Clear, sultry, op|>ressivc; on the 1st and 25th, rain,
lightning, and thunder.
March . .
102
54
30.18
29.80
s. w.
s. s. w.
S. E.
First part, cool, clear ; latter half, sultry, oppressive ;
showery, 27th. Throe r ays' lightning and thunder.
The native fires, which occur during these months,
add considerably to the temperature of the atmos-
phere.
April . . .
90
54
30.31
29.85
s. w.
s. s. w.
First part, cloudy, cool ; remainder, variable ; squalls
of rain and hail on the 2nd ; four days' rain, one
thunder.
May . . .
80
45
30.35
29.90
s. w.
E.
N. W.
Cool, fine ; six days' squalls of rain, and generally
during the night.
June . . .
7.5
45
30.28
29.43
N. N. W.
N. E. &
S.E.
Variable. Eleven days' squalls of rain. Hail on 26th.
July. . . .
fiG
43
30.35
29.49
N. E.
N. N. W.
W. S. S. E.
S.E.
Cool, fine ; ten days' rain and gales, with lightning
and thunder.
August . .
72
43
30.36
29.59
E. by N.
W. by S.
N. W\
Cool ; rain and gales five days, lightning and thunde;'
two.
September
78
42
30.36
29.95
E. S. S. W.
Cool, squally, sultry, gales ; very variable ; a few
showers.
October. .
80
44
30.28
29.62
S. W.
Clear, fine, showery; on the 10th and 11th, rain,
lightning, and thimdcr.
November
82
46
30.31
29.85
S. W.
Variable ; four days' rain ; sultry and oppressive to-
wards the end.
December
95
70
30.32
29.69
S. W.
Generally cool ; three days' rain, one day lightning
and thunder.
K,.|4
' .1.-
;'■ ;>'
I'
... ■ . fi <
i i "
A I.? ^ -fi
-f^ ii
Fogs are extremely rare ; a haze overhanging the
lajoons and rivers, not unfrcquent in the summer
season, and speedily dispelled by the sun's rays at an
early hour ; malaria or noxious exhalations unknown.
4C,0
SWAN RIVKH.— I'Ol'UI„\TION.
Thr Ifttirt nnd «rn breezps veering round thronpilioiit
the yinr with rxtri'ino rfRnlnrity, and the rainy Ri-nsoii
remnrkttlily crrtnin. A slii^ht nll'rction of tlic cyi'lids
is tlic only dismsc pcculmr to tlio clinic, gonrnilly
npprnriiiR in tlic niimth of March. 'I'he cure is
simple and eti'ectual, except with the ignorant and
obstiiiatp.
VI. In tliis part of New llullnnd the food of the
natives enil)iaces n great variety of articles. In the
estuaries and rivers, and on the coast, tiicre is al)un-
dancp of fish at certain periods of the year, and
kangaroo of various sorts, together with opossums,
dnlgerts, and other small animals, are obtained in
considerable numbers ; roots and gums of several
kinds are also used by tlicm, and birds' eggs, li/ards,
frogs, grubs, and cray-ll^h from the swamps, are
resorted to as varieties, or used in cases of urgent
want. They do not appear to be reduced at any time
to very great didieultjes in procuring subsistence, but
their habits preclude the possibility of keeping any
nrcutiiulnted stock of the necessary articles, and
therefore their time and attention are almost con-
stantly ocrui)ird in the pursuit of their daily food.
As they have no fixed habitation, and do not practice
any art tending to increase the supply which nature
has provided, it is probable that tlieir numbers are
strictly limited by this circumstance, and that they
have been long stationary at their present amount.
The law which thus forbids any further increase,
is the cause, moreover, of their disjiersion throughout
the territory, and prevents them from entering into
any larger confedeincies than those wbicli are neces-
sary for rendering most successful their Inuiting and
fishing occujmtions. The tribes, as they are called,
usually comprise about Ii'O persons, of all ages and
both sexes ; these ar> connected for the most jiart by
relationship of blood, alth;)ugli it is by no means
uncommon to procure wives or to adopt strangers
from neighbouring tribes. The only species of control
or government under which they live is founded on
the influence of the strong over the weak, and the
deference which is shown to the aged, and to the
pretended powers of the ningiciiin or doctor Certain
usages established by custom are frerpiently ajipealed
to as rules of conduct. Of these, the principal relate
to the right of individuals to certain portions of
hunting ground, derived by inheritance from tbeii
immediate ancestors; to the ))ractice of boring the
cartilage of the nose of the young men on their ad-
mission to the rights of manhood ; and to retaliation
for injuries received, which all are enioined as well as
entitled to seek, whether the otl'ender belong to the
same or to a neighliouring community. It has been
fo\Mid very diflicult to ascertain the exact locality or
tribe to which individuals belong, in consequence of
alliances which are very frerpient amongst individuals
of ditfermt tribes ; this species of brotherhood by
adoption, carries with it the obligation of beconiing
parties to each other's (|uarrel5, and although it
appears to be followed by the advantage of mutual
protection, as far as such individuals are concerned,
it gives rise at the same time to many hostilities.
The intercourse between tribes is seldom of a friendly
character; but it is remarkable that their conflicts
seldom extend to the loss of lives. Almost continu-
ally engaged as they are in feuds arising out of the
invasion of each other's territory, or the abduction of
each other's women, it might be expected, that when
they met to fight, the weaker ])nrty would be exter-
minated, whereas these contests, after a great deal of
clamour, and a few unimportant wounds, generally
end in the murder of a child or of a female, by mutual
consen'w admitted as an atonement for the ollVnre or
ground of quarrel. Iiwlepenilent of these oeen«i,)nn|
warlike meitings of tribes, almost every nativo js
under an engagement to avenge at a eonvenient (m.
portunity, the death of some departed friend, or an in.
suit pri viously offered to himself; this purpose, \vhi,.|,
he cainiot forego without discredit, gives rise to aits
of the greatest treachery, and not unfre(pieutly omis
in the surprise and sudden death of some individual
belonging to the same tribe with the avenger, or of
some of his neighbours. They rarely, therefore, sleep
a second niglit in the same place ; the spear seliluin
(|uits the hand of the man from boyhood till dinth ■
and they become accustomed to witness, endure, and
practise the greatest outrages.
The |)ersonal (jualities of some members ot this
peculiar race are superior to the condition in which
they live ; a few of them are remarkable for syinnu'trv
of form and countenance, and the natural intellis^encc
of many appears to be in the highest degree ueiitc,
The greater jiart, however, are, from hardship of Ijiv,
and l)odily injuries, disgusting specimens of the luiman'
race ; and the deformity of old age, whether in thr
men or women, is usually accomjianied by a con('(.ii-
tration of all the vicious propensities to which their
usages give rise.
In their intercourse with the whites, they accom-
modate themselves with astonishing readiut.s to the
language, the habits, and even the weaknesses nf
their new friends. They are remarkably cheerful, and
make themselves very iiseful in many eniployTiients;
but they are iu)t to l)i- relied u|)on, for in a great
many instances it has. l)e:'i found, that after livin;,'f()r
months in the hnurj oi' a settler, they have been all
along employed by thr. rest of the tribe as sjiies, for
the purpose of conveying intelligence as to the host
point of attack on life or property. I iviii,' in a
constant state of warfare, they are bold, crafty, and
persevering, and lay their jilans with judgment, o(|iial
to the vigour with which they ])ut them into execu-
tion. \Vith such qualities as these, they wonld he
too i)owerful as a nation for the present numhernf
coUni-'.ts, if it were not for their mistrust of each
other, /'hey cannot cond)inc their cIVorts, nor act on
a concirtcd p'an ; for if they were to do so, theic are
many of them who would readily betray the rest,
and voluntarily lead the whites to their retreat for the
sake of a few jiounds of tloui .
It is impossible to give any accurate account of
their numbers ; "-"lO have been known to visit Perth
from the districts surrounding it to the extent of Id
miles each way. The neuresl estimate of the popula-
tion appears to be that which assigns one native to
each portion of ground of two square miles.
From the following return.ascompared with asimilar
document drawn up in IS'M, it apjiears that the popu-
lation has increased since the latter period from l.'ilO
to 2,032. The increase has been principally owina;
to the excess of births over deaths; the number of
persons who have settled in the colony, since that
period, having exceeded only by a few those who
liave (juitted it.
On examining the return, it will be jierceivcd, that
the male adult population is limited toT^H, a number
by far too few to accomplish, in a short time, the
establishment of a new colony ; and scarcely sufficient,
with the aid of the small military force employed, to
protect themselves, and their property, from the de-
jiredations of the natives. It is satisfactory, however,
to observe so large a proportion of females, and of
liirths, and that
imiiiths did not
tlie whole po|iulat
deaths, y ; and nu
The numbers a
comprised in the t
I)l«trict.
o
1
I'lTlll
as
Fri'iiiiniitle
Swan Kiver
(mining Kivcr..
Vmk
I'Untnirenct —
Murray
AllgUstH
Visse
.Military, iiiolud-
III); women BDil
chililren.
Total ....
I i:*
I 'J
91
Rctnri
of the
\\
ncco
rdi
ng to
tb
.Inmiary, 18:tf)
, e^
George
s Sound,'!
froii
w
hich p
lac<
ceived
~~"
O
x;
C '
»
S P o
B.'
3_
ii
. "^
s ■
2.
-5
sr w
S"
.
• • i
m-
E.
3
p
3
?r
*
"
■ ^-^
Ul •
a
H^
u>
— 10
«o
K
OD «0
00
>C
>J
■^
tc
oi -a
4-
„
to
o
00 (T>
Ol
<s
00
to
-J
IC >-
VO
K
-1
to
m
-t 00
w
10
vt
^I
r
lu
*^ Ui
o
V,
IC
H^
10 w
00
^
<J> en
o
(
lO
o
»t* Ci O C
Note. — During th(
year, 1830, several p
from the Towns of i
the " Murray " disti
SWAN RIVER.— POPULATION, RKLU.
liirtliR, and that the deaths in the preceding 12
iiKintlis did not amount to more thnn 1 in liOO of
the whole populiitioii. In IHitr. the births were T.l ;
,l,.atlis, y ; and marrinnes, 12.
Tlie numbers and description of tlie Colonists are
icmprised in the following tubular view : —
EDUCATION
II of t^
461
Mule*.
Frm
ilea.
i
i
Uittrlct.
■a
Over
Unilir
Over
Under
!^
"o
14.
14.
14.
14.
>i
■y>
un
Pcrtli
T2H
iiin
lAO
112
I9»
400
Mjn
Prcininii'le ....
i:is
H4
HH
H2
110
2/7
3M7
Swim llivcr
it II
1119
IU4
70
12M
39tt
524
CamiliiKKiver..
•JO
9
H
4
.«
3:i
41
York
41
95
in
2»
9
35
5
15
10
4«
124
(15
I'lantnirenct....
170
.Murray
7
4
4
2
4
13
U
AnKustH
i:i
;>
H
A
ti
20
32
Vii'se
II)
1
H
4
4
17
21
Militarv, iiirhul.
126
21
IN
20
..
..
1H5
Ill); wnmenaQit
iliililri'ii.
Total ....
914
:i(i8
430
320
506
1341
2032
1
Return of the
according to
Population of Wester' Australia,
the census, taken on the 1st of
.Iniiunry, IHItn, exclusive of the Districts of" King
Georsre's Sound," " Augusta," and the " Murray,"
fniiii which places returns had not yet been re-
ceived : —
s.
1 above Perth . .J
.York
Canning .
Perth
Fremantle
Guildford, with Banks'
of the " Swan, "
y
K
1- tc
00 (O
00 00 vo
Males.
03 3 re
«1 <l
1^ ^ V
Females.
o
00 o>
o> o vo
Males.
. re 3
> BJ Q.
• —
-J
tC f
10 00 ^
Fcmiles.
Males.
in
-^ 00
i.1
lb-
.^^ u<
Females.
tc
lO u
00 to
O en Oi
Agriculture.
1
ti >- w
O Oi o
Manufac-
ture & Arts.
o
o o o
Commerce.
i-
Oi CO in
O Oi O
O Cl w
Total Po-
pulation.
Note. — During the two first months of the present
year, 1836, several persons and families have removed
irom the Towns of Perth and Fremantle to York and
the " Murray " districts, with agricultural views.
sexes I"., adults, male and
H4 «£en I J ^nd 21, I to 0-H2(>;
to ,f9oa ; 'I f«J, .'V to ;«, or 1 to
The p>roji.
female, I to (1 »7 1
Under 14 yen, 4
()• (•)().■>.
This list is exclusive of tl military utittlMnod in
the above distric <. consisting o
Olticers and pi ivntes, Hfi ; W.intcn, 18 4MrM,
2'.» ; Total, \A3.
There were born, during the year I' .in the
above district, (>4 ; Marriages, 4 ; Burials Popu-
lation of King (ieiirge's Sound, exclusive ■ military,
1st Jan. \H'M), ICO; Ditto of Augusta (ii'< returns)
estimated at, 40 ; Total, 200.
VII. [I!. H. \>i'M.] The parochial divisions of the
Colony cuniiot be nsrertnined.
There are no churches, but divine service is per-
formed every Sunday in the Court House Perth, and
will contain about 200 persons ; the general atten-
dance is aliout l.'iO. The Colonial Chaplain who
preaches here has a salary of t'2.')0 per annum and an
allowance of £50 per annum in lieu of a parsonage
house ; of dissenting places of worship there is one
at Perth belonging to the Wesleyan nuthodists,
lately enlarged and will contain about 1 00 persons,
and one at Guildford, under the patronage of the
Western Austnilian Missionary Society capable of
containing about 100 persons.
In tlie year IHH") an association was formed in
London for promoting religion according to the rites
of the Church of Knglnnd, under the designation of
the " Western Austnilian Missionary Society." An
Italian gentleinnn of the name of Giustiniani was se-
lected lis their first minister ; be arrived here in July last
year, and has erected a chapel and schoolhouse at
Guildford, and has commenced the formation of a farm
on the Swan River, at which it is understood to be
the intention of the society to collect natives, with a
view to their instruction and future civilization.
VIII. [15. li. IM37.1 There are two public schools,
one at Perth containing 20 male, and 12 female
scholars : and one at rreeinantle containing 22 male
and 1 1 female scholars. The master of each school
is allowed .')()/. per annum by government.
At " Albany Plantagenet" there is also one private
school.
There are published in the colony at present, two
weekly newspaiiers, independent of the Government
Gazette. The oldest of these has existed under the
name of the " Perth Gazette" tVir six or seven years ;
the other, under the title of the " Swan River
Guardian," commenced its publication in last year,
as the friend of the people and the corrector of
abuses.
If we return from the colony down to a later
period, its ])rogress in jiopulation, civilization, &c.
would be more fully shewn : the Secretary of State
for the Colonies, has expressed himself perfectly
satisfied with the improvement that has of late taken
place, and looks forward confidingly to the ultimate
flourishing state of the settlement, which has now
surmounted its primary difficulties.
IX. Few subjects deserve more serious considera-
tion, than the moral condition of a population. The
following Synojisis of the State of Crime, and System
of Criminal Jurisprudence, has been prepared by W.
H. Mackie, Esq., Chairman of the Quarter Session,
and may, probably, indicate the state of morals in
this community, in a more satisfactory manner than
any commentary on the subject.
r
I -
('■
IS
■ 'i' ' 'I
i
ill
In 1 '\i
1^^'
.;h
_iili
M).
SWAN KIVKR.— CRIME AND GAOLS.
Number of pcriont, charRed with crime, convicfrd,
ac(|uitt('il, nnd (Imclmrgi'd for wnnt of |iroRrcution,
mid UKiiliiit whom no bilh wi're found, from the
llrst (JumtiT St'SNions ol tlie IViicc, lii'ld in tlii>
{'olony, (July, 1K3(), inclusive,) to tlu' tcrMUUiition
of the January SeHnions, 183fi, inclusive: —
Indictments, kc.
Felony.
MIsde.
meanour.
Total.
No. of persons iiulicted .
170
i'r>
1!):.
Ditto convii'tcd
Ditto iic(|uitt('d
Ditto discharged for want
of prosecuting
Bills i^'ucired .
101
3'J
•J
l.'l
'I
3
3
lie.
•13
12
24
Analysis of Persons convicted.
Persons convicted.
Felony.
Misde-
meanour.
•^3
Females ....
4!
4
Hoys under 11 years of age .
4;
4
Individuals more tlian once tried, for
distinct acts ;
.'■> times tried . . 1
4 „ . . 1
3 „ . . 3
2 „ . . I!»
Individuals forming no part ol the
liiiiKi Jiilc settler population :
1
l.ascnrs
IH, 7
Chinese
3
Soldiers of the (iariison
11
Convicts from the neighbouring Pe-
nal Settlements, emancipists or
runaways by their own confession, •
10
• 55
or believed to be so on reasonable
grounds.
Runaway sailors, deserters from ships
G
of war and merchantmen
•
Annual Returns of persons cliargcd with crime, from
1830 to lH3f> (January).
Years,
Felony.
Misde-
meanour.
Total.
IH30, July to December
1H31 . . . .
1832 , *.
1833 .
1834 . . . .
li^S.'-. . . . .
1S3(;, January Sessions .
5
21
31»
25
3'.»
38
3
(\
5
5
4
3
•>
5
27
44
30
43
41
5
195
PitnisAmcn/s.-Trnnsported (to New South Walosand
Van Diemen's Land) :— for life, 1 ; fourteen years, 4 ;
seven years, 22; whij-ped, 13; imprisoned for two
years, 2 ; do. for one year, fi ; ilo. for nine month*,
t ; various periods, from fourteen days to nl\ iiumMn
74, including eleven of the thirteen wliippi il ; triiil
nnd discharged, 2 ; pardoneil by the (ioveniur (run.
vieted of perjury, and sentenei'd to transportation!, |.
Drunkenness, nnd its usual attendants, nssiuilts unit
nllVnys, have been the niost freipient otlt-nces, m \\liiiii
tlie mngi.''trate* have exercised their tumnmry jiuIh.
diction.
Specific Crimes nnd Misdemennnurs, with the Num.
ber of I'lrsons charged with eacli, in tlie befori:.
mentioned period.
Crimes.
Arson
„ attempt to commit
Assault, common .
,, with intent to com
mit rape
,, on peace-oflleors
llreulving, entering, and
stealing in a building, or
within the cartilage
Hreakmg into a wuieliouse
Burglary .
,, accessory to
Coining
Concealing birth of a has
tnrd child
Knibezzlement by a servant
False pretences, obtaining 1
goods on . . J
Felony, attempt to commit
I'orgery
Higliway robbery .
House-breaking
Indecent ex|)osiire of person
Larceny, from the person
,, from a wreck
,, from boats or vessels
,, simple
Manslaughter
Murder
i'erjury
i'risoa breach
Receiving stolen goods
Shooting with felonious
intent
Total .
1 5 — —
}
},--
24
iir>
1 —
— 1
I —
ii —
13
— 1 — - ' 1
43
12
I'Jj
It cannot he denied that the foregoing exhibit 11
large proportion of crime; and from the (luaiitity dt
spirits consumed, such a result might necessarily bo
exjiected. It is to be hoped that as industry ex-
tends, the proportion of criminals to the rest of tlic
population will be considerably diminished.
It is deserving of record in this place, that since the
foundation of the settlement in 1h2'.», to the iiresuiit
date, the law has not found occasion to iuipusc sen-
tence of death upon any individual.
8
N.u of
Pri*oni rs.
I Male
Fm.
I't
1
(
1
1
1
3
••
|Hn4 '43
\hX>\ !»
lH.37i •'>
X, Th* I' ''ftl ii'lt
Uiiyid (.K"' iiissi'
I'urliimient, and i
viiiiher, 1830.
The legislative p
nnd the inembers
hitherto exercised
cent Acts of Parlli
the passing of a li
ters of local interes
The state of the
yet ill strict nccoid
the law of luigliiin
cirtiinistances ot t
every institution In
ciiuntry, as well as 1
tdiiis, language, and
sesses an attraction
grec peculiar to itsi
XL (Comparative
(if .Swan River, [B
lar revdiiie, iHli.'), .'V
.\;>:>Al.; 183C), regn
line, 7!)'.(i., total, 3 ^1
ciisiml revenue, 1,2 V
Comparative yeail
of Swan lUver. Se|
salaries of public
:i,77U/.,tot;il,4,8lU.
H42;., coniiugencies
snliiriesof public oflii
total, 3,1)1 2/.
Kstiniate of the c^
the settlement of \
April I HUH to the 31
(.'Dveriior, SOO/. ; dit
the councils, 400/. ;
cleik to do. 75/. ;
secretary, 50/. ; do.s
men and olliee-keept
general, 50/. ; do. ci
nial surgeon, 273/. ;
and chairman of cpii
criminal judge, 300/.
clerk of the peace ai
of fees in Crown cai
fees in Crown cases
sideiit magistrates, t
ollicer commanding
4,1HU.
Contingencies, &c
lain, 50/. ; stationar
maintenance of go"
surveyor-general's o
the erection of publi
cies, l,y07/.; total (
8WAN RIVEU.—GOVKRNMKNT AND FINANCF.S
NiimlxM' III' I'riiimcr^ in GaoU nt Swan Kivcr tliroiii(lioiit the Year. [It. D.]
4(1.1
|H:ir
i'':i:«|
ih:w''
1^371
No. "f
Pri-ontri,
ilnU-
Km.
I'otl.
•»3
1
14
!>
1
10
:u
1
•.\'2
:>
•■
ft
Vo. of Debtor*.
No. of MiRilv-
meanour*.
Mnli'i Fin. Toll. Mnic
None nllnwi'il
by local law.
•JO
■A
•I
i
Fill TotI
•20
;i
I
No of Felons.
No. of tried
Prisoner*.
No, of untried
Prisoners.
1
Waliv Fm. Toll.
Malt'
1
Fin. Toll.
Male Fm.
Totl.
1
•Jl i 1 '."J
7
1
1 H
ft
5
nil.
a 1
7
'J
1 10
, ,
..
• •
nil.
2L> 1 I
I'M
»
4
^
3
1
1 ..
1
1
.'•.
Cj
• •
••
••
nil.
This includes eoinniitments for u few limirH.
X. Tlir I' 111 ndmiiiistration \* provided for liy the
lloynl ( I'l lissiciii, iiiul iiistructioiis, and l)y Act. of
rurrmiiunt , iind nil Order In Council dated 1st No-
viinluT, I H.JO.
Tlie legisliitive power conferred on tlie (iovernor
mill the nienilierH nl' the l.e;;islutive (.'ouncil has been
hithirto excreised oidy in tlie adoption of certoin re-
ci'iit Acts of Piirliument of a Keiiernl tendency, and in
the |m»sinK of a lew ordinances connected witli mat-
ters i)f local interest.
'I'he state of the law in tins colony ig therefore ns
yet ill strict aceonlaiice with the letter and spirit of
the law of Kni^land, as far as it is applicable to tlu'
circiiniHtances of this country. In the absence dI
every institution foreign to tlie proctice of the mother
cimiitry, as wi'll as the non-existence of foreii;ti cus-
toms, language, and blood, in this settlement, it pos-
sesses an attraction for free emigrants in a great de-
cree peculiar to itself.
XI. Compaiufive yearly statement of the revenue
of Swan River, [U H.] Separate tax or duty, ret;u-
Inr revdiue. In;).'), .■<,.'»()8/., euMial i-»'venue, '.I-Ki/., total,
.l,i,''i4/,; I.Mlid, resuliir revenue, .3, ()f)2/., casual reve-
nue, 7in*i., total, :< ^(>\l. ; 1HH7, regular i\'venue3,;u:».
ciisual reviiiue, 1,L!7; ' total, I,.')HCi/.
Comparative yearly statement oi the expenditure
of Swan lUvcr. Separate head id' evpeotlilure, IHII.'),
salaries of jmblic otiiceis, l,0(>'i/., eontingencirs,
;t,77t)/.,totiil, l.KlW. ; l.^JI"), salaries of public otficirs,
HVii, conliii!!;encics, 3,(114/., total, 4,4.''><i/. ; Ih37,
salaries of public ollicers, xd'Jl., contingencies, 3,013/.,
total, ;!,'Jlli(.
Kstiniate of the charge of defraying the expenses of
tlie settieiiieiit of Western Australia, from the 1st
April iK.W to the 31st March lM3!). Salaries to the
piveiiior, HOI)/. ; diiU) colonial secretary and clerk of
the councils, 400/. ; do, first clerk of do. l.')0/. ; second
cleik ta do. 7.')/. ; do. messengers to councils and
secretary, Ml. ; do. surveyor-general, 400/. ; do. drafts-
men ami olticc-keeper, li'iO/. ; (In. clerk to surveyor-
general, ^O/. ; do. colonial chaplain, 250/. ; do. colo-
nial surgeon, 273/. ; do. commissioner of civil court,
and chairman of tpiarter sessions acting as civil and
criminal judge, 300/. ; do. advocate-general, 300/ ; do.
clerk of the peace and registrar of civil court (in lieu
of fees in Crown cases), 100/.; do. sheriff (in lieu of
fees in Crown cases), 100/. ; do. six residents, or re-
silient magistrates, at 100/. each, fioo/.; allowance to
ollicer commanding the troops, 182/.; total salaries,
4,181/,
Contingencies, &c. House-rent for colonial chap-
lain, ,50/. ; stationary for public de|)artments, l.'iO/. ;
maintenance of government vessel, 70H/. -, hire of
surveyor-general's office, 70/. ; sum ?x!(|uired towards
the erection of public offices, 9h;*/. , total contingen-
cies, 1,967/.; total charges, (',,149/.
Rriiiiirlii. — In the estimate for the proceeding year
the grant tnwiinU tlu' tnction of public buildings was
omitted, it being proposed that such charge should in
future be defrayed from the revenues of the colony.
Shortly after the estimate had been submitted to
I'luiiamint, a report was received from governor Sir
James Stirling, stating that lui principles of economy
as well as public couveiiience, he had been induced to
contract for the construction of buildings for the
ollices of the colonial secretary, the registrar of deeds,
Kc, the collector of revenue, the survey department,
the colonial treasurer, and the ciunmissariat. To
co.nplete these buildings, the sum of WJL I .").«. ('»/. has
beeii included in the present estimate, under the head
of contingencies. An increase of 2.'i/. is made in each
ofthi salaries of the tlrst and second clerks in the
office (if the colonial secretary, it having been found
impracticnlile to procure or retain the services of com-
petent persons at n lower rate. The sum of 200/.,
wliieh appeared under the same head in the last esti-
mate for arrears of salary to two additional govern-
ment airents, has bee omitted. There is an increase
on the last year's estim. *e of H40/. l.").*. (»/. ; but it is
less by 1,22'J/. I4.v. I'ul. than the estimate for the year
lH3fi.7.
C'lwwissiiriiit. — I'oy of the troops, provisions, &c.
Amount paid for supplies, 2,7<)1/. ; ditto on account
of allowances for fuel and light, 131/.; do. for mis-
eellnneou.A purchases, 8/. ; do. for laud and water
transport, 1.3,')/. ; do. for extra staff of commissariat
deiiartiuent, I'JIi/. ; do. for military allowances, fiOCi/ ;
do. for special services, l,04l/. ; do. for contingencies,
7s7/. ; do. for military pay, 2,8(i!)/,, pay of commis-
sariat officers, .").')2/.; Greenwich pensions, 'J'2l.; con-
signment of specie and bills, 1,498/. ; special disburse-
ments, ICC/.; total, 11,021/.
The funds for the support of the above-mentioned
■ervices were drawn from the following sources: —
From the commissariat chest, 11,021/.; do. colo-
nial, 3,912/. ; do. parliamentary grant, fi,840/.
The annual cost, up to March 1837, of the civil,
judicial, ecclesiastical, and military departments, was
in the following proportions : —
Recapitulation of the Establishment, Civil Estab-
lishment, 3,52,")/.; contingent expenditure, 1,449/.;
judicial establishment, 1,005/.; contingent expendi-
ture, m/. ; ecclesiastical establishment, 250/. , con-
tingent expenditure, 100/.; miscellaneous expendi-
ture, 3,981/. ; pensions, 0; grand total, 10,752/.
With regard to the public establishments, it is ne-
cessary *o observe, that the population is scattered
ovir a very wide extent of country. The causes of
this dispersion were, in the first place, the annexation
of the settlement at King George's Sound, and, in the
s».x;ond place, the mode in which lands were granted
to the colonists. Having the power to select large
\l
ill'
I ' :t\
464
SWAN RIVER— COMMERCE AND SHirPING.
If'
grants in districts suitable to their views, the settlors
naturally availed thci^sclvcs ol" their freedom of
choict' ; and lands hciiiR suliject to forfeiture if not
improved within a certain number of years, they have
been impelled by the fear of losing them to locate
themselves upon their grounds, however remote their
position. This dispersion has been further increased
by the nature of the country, in res|)ect of its general
inferiority of soil, or the absence of water in certain
localities.
As all had equal reason to expect protection, and
the assistance of the government, it became -lecessary
to form stations at many different points, by which
the expenditure has been much increased ; and estab-
lishments, which would have been sufficient for
the wants of a much larger ])opulation if confined
within reasonable limits, have not sufficed for the
wants of this colony, embracing as it does so many
separiite and distant stations.
In this department, a considerable increase of mili,
tary force is requisite for the protection of the coki.
nists. Whatever may have been the views of th^
government on the earlier formation of this settle-
ment, the settlers consider themselves l)y its (iceliua.
tions entitled to be protected, and secured in tlu'
(|uiet enjoyment of the lands assigned to tlieiii, or
bought by their outlay. Without this they e;iiinut
fulfil the location duties, nor can they make any piu.
gress in the extension of the settlement. This pn).
tection of the white population is moreover neeessiiry
to the security of the aboriginal race ; if not given, a
constant state of warfare and violence betwc^en the
two must follow, and while the former is hindered in
his progress towards the establishment of the coimtrv
the latter will be rendered vindictive and eriul in
proportion to the injury which he receives Irom, iuul
iirllicts upon, the settler.
IMPORTS AM) SHIl'PING OF SWAN RIVER. [B. B.]
£
Great Britain.
North America.
Elsewhere.
United States.
Total.
Val. £.
No. Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Men
1834
•lumo
4 |13.-)1
2r)Ooo
16
1769] ..
..
..
..
..
..
.">0000. 20
3120'
■li\\\
183,-)
11000
3
743i 3r)0()0
18
•>y.V>\ 4634
3
.')0636| 24
4018
xv.\
I83r, :20.')0
4
770
30313
2->
3234' SJO
, ,
770
70
.^
l.-)S3
3'.)2.s3i 34
.■,:)S7:
:.i:!
1837
28126
4
842
••
••
••
'■'"'■
8
Ul.-i
••
1
36;")
45401
14
3013
1
211
From Foreign States, 1837, No. I, tons, 391.
EXPORTS AND SHIPPING OF SWAN RIVER. [B. B.]
2
Great Britain.
Elsewhcie.
United States.
Foreign States.
Total.
08
IX
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Val. £. 1 No.
Tons
Val.£.
No.
Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Val. £.
No.
Tons
Men
1834
500
520
..
..
..
1020
1835
, .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
1740
1836
2538
312
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
2850
..
1837
5394
4
842
1512
8
1415
1
365
••
I
391
6906
14
3013
214
From the 5th Anpiist, tr> tlie ;ilst froccmlior, IHiQ, there
arrived iu Gajju's Roiul-s, or ('dckbarii Sound, —
—
, c
—
o
i
1. «
'•- ^
%i
M)
^13 =
it
o
o
a.
o
n1
(/I
be
5f
S2
C
a
o
Value '
Icf
Frem
a.
o
a
a
CO
25
41
c
1H2!I
18
520!l! 50284
()52
(iff
77
1502
21
i«an
3!)
Ii6«i;ii4i;7
1125
26
40()
(1244
44
44
48
in:ii
V
im
()r:Cl
17!)
30
25
1832
l:)
i58;i
2e5Hl
14
I8a3
i\
30()-
4S(H;)
r;i
18:14
IH
2h74
:if)!HL'
142
8
18:)5
%
:f4l)!)
.■)(i/-j;
91)
3
79
2b;o
69
2rt
105
163
:i2200
3941)1)5
2281
133
5t)2
loOil
69
lK2y, 1 wrecked ; 1830, 4 ditto.
' During *!'o year 1835, there airivid at Kint; ricorse's
Sounil, '^4 vessels, several of which had previously
tiincht'd at Swan River; the total amount of toiinaif'p
ot these vessels, was 4,048 t<.>ns.
Exports, 1H34, 3? hales of wool ; 1835, 50 ditto.
Occupations of the Colonhts. — The following shews
the nunilrer of men employed in the several occupa-
tions therein stated : in the civil, clerical, aird jndic':,!
departments, 37; military, 123; total, 160. F.m-
ployments of a public description unconnected with
government, 34 ; agriculture and grazing, 419; arts
and handicrafts, 92 ; tisheries, boating, &c., »i5 ; trade,
47 ; miscellaneous, 67.
Agricultural and pastoral pursuits are tlie leailins;
occupations in this country. The following table
contains an accurate return of the cultivation and
stock, at the close of last year. Tire rate of increase
which was found co exist between Deeeniher I83'i
and December 1836, Iras been takeir as the guide in
estimatiirg the iircrcase u\> to the date of this rejiort,
as shown in the last column.
A statement of the stock, crops, .tc, in the York,
Canning, Murray, and Swan Rrver Districts, taken
12th November, 1836: — Wheat (iiinid)er of ane.sj,
1,363 ; barley, 209 i ; oats, 12s^ ; rye, 7i ; potatoes,
32; green crop, 35 ; gardeirs, 112; artilieiai and ii.it
hay (tons), |85; (allow (number of iicn's not e>ti-
SWAN RIVER.— COMMEKCK.
4r,5
0.
Tons .Mi>ii
4
-1
4
404H,' rin:i
.'>.')>^7: "ii:i
.■i()i:i 211
i
mated ), 9H ; total ncres in crop, 2,0.').'). Naturnl liay
(tons), 231 ; sheep (mnnbor ot"!, 8,1 ll» ; goats, 1,231 ;
horiu'd cattle, 728 ; horses, 191 ; swinc, 7(')4.
Statement of the stock and cro|)s at King Cioorse's
Sound, theVasse, and Port Augusta, taken DcctMnher,
lH3(i: Wheat, barley, and oats (acres), IhA; gardens
and potatoe crop, 32^,; sheep (head), 409; goats,
■if); horned cattle, 101 ; horses, 2!') ; swine, 5,'").
The further extension of tillage is inipe<le(l hy the
want of labourers; and the very iiigh wages demanded,
compel those who i)rincipnlly depend on hired work-
men, in rural occupations, to seek the means of
employing their capital in pursuits less dependent on
the whims and caprices of the labouring class. In
consequence of this, the raising of wheat will be con-
fined to those families the members of which are
sufficient for the work of the farm on which they live;
and the higher class of settlers will endeavour to in-
vest their means in the rearing of live .stock. 'J'he
adaptation of this country to the purposes of wheat
j;io\ving may be, however, considered as proved be-
yond all doubt; but this article cannot be profitably
cultivated for exportation until there is a greater
rnniniand of labour. The culture of the vine, fig,
peach, and melon tribe, has been carried thus early
to a considerable extent ; and if ever it should be de-
sirable for the mother country to possess a wine-
growing colony, the soils and seasons of this country
all'ord reasonable ground for anticipating a successful
issue to such a speculation. The return of jjrolit on
sheep-keeping may be estimated in the gross at 7.'i
per cent. |)er annum. The rate is undoubtedly higher
here, where the price of meat is high, and the value
of land low, than it can be in New South Wales and
Van Diemen's Land. After deducting the expenses
of shejiherding, and allowing a reasonable rent for the
land on which the (lock is maintained, a net profit
remains to the owner of about ,^)0 per cent, per
annum. Such a profit as this, combined with the
means of extending indefinitely the number of sheep
farms, must attract to this branch of investment, in
the course of a few years, a large amount of cajjital.
At present the ahsencr. of funds within the colony
applicable to such purposes, and the prejudices which
imjustly exist in respect of its capabilities, together
with the mishaps attendant on the importation of
sheep from other places, impose obstacles on its ex-
tension, apart from natural increase.
Horses and cattle may be expected to multiply
rapidly from this time forward. In addition to the
luimber of the latter, stated in the preceding return,
there are known to exist four or five wild herds in
iHll'ercnt parts of the colony, 'vhich have maintained
themselves without protection against the natives for
several years, and are rapidly increasing their number.
Looking to the small number of colonists, and to
the few years they have beer, established in this
country, the extent of land in cultivation, and the
quantity of useful animals in their possession, are
highly satisfactory. The settlement is now enabled
to feel, that in less than eight years from its founda-
tion, it has arrived at the point of producing its own
subsistence, and is entirely independent of other
places for the support of its inhabitants.
The arts connected with building and agricultural
implement making, employ a considerable portion of
the workmen of the settlement ; and it is, in conse-
quence, better provided with the products of the first
named of those arts, than is usual in countries so
recently occupied. Many convenient and substantial
bouses have been erected in the towns, and bv the
3 o
employment thereby given to artificers, a large num-
ber have been induced to remain, who would other-
wise have quitted the settlement ; carpenters, masons,
plasterers, blacksmiths, painters, and other artisans,
have hitherto received high wages ; but some of them
are beginning to turn their thoughts to rural occu-
pations, in consequence of an anticipated dimii\ution
of employment in their proper jjursuits. Ik'ing usu-
ally superior in education, and in steadiness of con-
I'.ucf, to labourers in general, the class to which they
belong is one of the most valuable in colonies, and
therefore it is not to be regretted that a very large
sum has been invested in buildings, by the outlay of
which they have been induced to settle in this
country.
Since the earliest discovery of this coast, it has
been known to abound in various descriptions offish.
The Malays have I'arried on, for at least 200 years,
an extensive and profitable tripang and tortoiseshell
fishery, on the north-west coast. l)am|)ier, Haudin,
and King, at ditlercut periods, have reported the ex-
istence of astonishing numbers of whales in the adja-
cent seas ; and our own experience since the estab-
lishment of the colony, and still more recently since
whale fishing commenced in its hays, about 12 months
ago, confirms the reports of the earlier navigators.
This abundance of fish is probably connected with
the existence of a bank, which adjoins the shore from
the northern to the southern extremity of the colony.
On this sh lal, which extends for 30 to 40 miles from
the land, and which is comprised, for the most part,
of calcareous or coralline substances, there exist several
varieties of edible fish, which admit of being cured
for exportation.
The various descriptions of fishery which may be
carried on under such circumstances must eventually
employ a large amoiuit of capital, anil a great number
of seamen ; markets for their produce arc open in
China, as well as in Europe.
At ])rescnt there are only four whaling establish-
ments or associations ; these are not as yet upon an
ellicient footing, but their success has been great
enough to ensure their future improvement and ex-
tension. The catching of fish for the purposes of
food gives profitable employment to a few boatmen ;
and the convenience atibrded in the estuaries for
learning in smooth water the art of managing boats,
seems likely to attract to maritime pursuits a large
number of young men.
Boat building is carried on with much success by
two establishments, and some of the native woods
are found to be well suited to those purposes.
The operations of the miller, baker, and brewer,
tanner, shoemaker, and clothier, are in course of im-
provement and extension ; and the community, al-
though limited to a very small number of jiersons,
sutt'ers no serious inconvenience from the absence of
any of the arts and trades which administer to the
primary wants of man.
The number of persons exclusively engaged in the
civil, judicial, clerical and military branches of the
public service, amounts to l(i0.
In other public ofiices, independent of the govern-
ment, such as printers, innkeepers, &c. there are
employed about 34 : as this description of |)ersons,
however necessary their labours may be to the gene-
ral welfare, do not contribute directly to the produce
of commodities, their number, together with that of
their families, must be deducted from the gross popu.
lation, in comparing the productive classes with the
products of labour.
'j: :
III !
M
"complain of the want of businrss in general. The
traffic in tea, sui^ar, spirits, clothinj^, liarncss, earth-
enware, glass, and aminnnition, has been carried on
at very liiRh prices, and with Rrent profit. Traders
being a class of persons whose capital is always avail-
able for any speculation which mayofier, and colonial
farmers l)eing always in ?cd of advances, the mer-
cantile men in this community, possessed of means,
have freipient opportunities of laying them out to ad-
vantage, either by monopolizing particidar commodi-
ties, or by giving credits at high interest ; they have
therefore had their full share of the general prospe-
rity, even in the absence of any considerable demand
for merchandize They are at this time looking for-
ward to an increase in the exports of the colony, as
the probable cause of an extension of business; in
the meantime, money, in proportion to the reasona-
ble demand for it, is abundant. A joint-stock hank has
been recently established, and facilitates the transac-
tion of business. The principles on which it is
founded are such as to render it an institution of a
most beneficial character, while the names of the
subscribers, as well as the cautious system of ma-
nagement adopted, ensure to the public the most
judicious and erpiitable employment of its means. Its
discount on bills are done at the rate of 12] per cent,
per annum, and it allows depositors, under the usiial
regulations of savings' banks, an interest at the rate
of five per cent.
XIII. Amount of coins in circulation, about 15,000/.
Amount of jiajicr currency in circulation, about
400,000/., consisting of 1/. notes issued by the Com-
missariat on account of Governmei\t, and not yet
brought in to be exchanged for British silver money.
-[B. B.]
Coins'. — British gold and silver, dollars at 4s. 4(/.
each, and rupees at 2.v. each — [B. B.]
Ejrhmis-f. — The bills of the Conuiiissariat upon
the treasury have been hitherto negotiated at the rate
of \h per cent, premium, but the demand for them is
gradually decreasing, and will cease entirely when the
value of colonial exports is e(|ual to the value of
goods imjxirtod, unless an increase of population from
without extend the demand for imported commodi-
ties. Private bills on England are usually subjected
to a discount of five per cent., and this appears to be
a reasonable charge where there are no considerable
remittances to be elfected.
The establishment of a bank had been long an
object of desire in the colony. The want of such an
institution occasioned the greatest inconveniences on
the transfer of property, as well as in the safe cus-
tody of balances in hand. The funds applicable to
such purposes could not, however, be obtained in the
colony imtilthis year. On the 1st of June, however,
a joint-stock bank commenced business, and is now
in elTective operation, with the fairest prospect of
success. Being supported by 80 individuals of re-
spectabilit), its credit is undoubted ; and as it proposes
to limit its discounts to actual transactions in the
course of business, and to issue notes to a very small
amount, it will yield a safe and sufficient profit to the
proprietors, and promote materially the general inte-
rests of the settlement.
Its ostensible capital is 10,000/., hut its credit is so
good that it has not been found necessary to call for
much to create habits of frugality and temppranro
amongst the labouring people.
X^'eights and Measures are British imperial.
Miiniifiirtiirivs, Mines and Fislivrica. — Brewprv at
Perth. Two boat builders; ' '.t Perth and 1 at Fro-
mantle. Three lime burners ; 2 at Perth and 1 at
Frcemantle. Three brick makers at Perth. Three
Flourmills by water; 2 at Perth and 1 at I'ppfv
Swan River. Two windmills at Perth; and 4 hnrsc-
mills at Perth, used lor various purposes. Two l)oat<
employed at seal fishing ; 10 ditto recently estahlisjud
for whaling.
There are at present four establishments of this
description ; the first at Freemantle, consisting of ;ni
subscribers, at the rate of ,'JO/. each ; the second
called the " Perth Fishing Company," is divided jntn
(if) shares at 15/. each. The fishing ground of these
two companies is near the entrance of the Swan
River. The two other establishments occupv st,i.
tions in Doubtful Island Ray, on the south coast;
one of these is the property of a gentleman named
Cheyne, the other belongs to a Mr. Sherratt; the
latter was established last year, and found aliumlance
of employment. It is supposed that the airLrrcsafe
produce of the fisheries in the ])resent season vill
amount to 4,200/. in oil, whalebone, and seal skins.
The following statements will afi'ord inforniatjon
as to the actual population, and to the value of build-
ings and improvements effected in the Towns.
Estimated valuation of improvements in Perth :—
Number of allotments granted, 422; ditto sulunban
ditto, l.'i; ditto miles of fencing, about 8.'), value
about .^.(JOO/. ; ditto houses about 3.50, value about
,30,000/. ; Value of suburban improvements, about
4,000/.; ditto gardens ditto, 2,000/.; mills, 3,l)il(i/.;
ditto public works, l.'i.OOO/. Total value, sav about
,'J0,000/.
In Fremantle : — Number of allotments granted,
430, ; ditto miles of fencing, about 20, value aliout
3,200/. ; ditto houses, about 300, value about 2'i,n(l(i/;
gardens, 500/. ; jjrivate works of public utility, aOn/.;
works undertaken by companies, 800/. ; pishlic
works, 2,300/. Total value, say about, 2H,()00(.
Perth, 50,000/. ; Fremantle, 28,000/. ; Guildford.
5,000/. ; Albany, 5,000/. ; Augusta, '2,000/. ; Kelms-
cott, York, Peel Town, 1,750/. ; Busselton, 800/.;
King's Town, 500/. Total value of improvements iu
all the towns, say about, 93,050/.
Ai^ricidturnl Society. — This institution had its be-
ginning in the first year of the settlement ; it com-
prises almost all the owners of land ; its members are
admitted by ballot ; the regular meetings take plact
on a fixed day in each quarter of the year, and are
usually well attended. The society has promoted good
conduct amongst farm servants by giving distinctions
and prizes to the best conducted and most efficient
laL,. .ers, and in other respects it has tended, in a
very considerable degree, to promote the customary
objects of such institutions.
Condition of the Colmiists. — In regard to the con-
dition of the colonists, the most important conside-
ration is the aggregate wealth of the community.
The following Table exhibits an accurate statement
in column A. of the amount of the several descrip-
tions of property within the colony at the present
time, and in cutuinn B, the proportionate or average
^wpmy^wr
No. of acres granted
Estimated value of improve-
ments on rural grants.
No. of town allotments granted
Estimated value of buildings in
towns.
Ditto furniture, implements
and clothing.
Number of acres in wheat in
i8;if).
Ditto in other crops, exclusive
of gardens, green crops and
oat hay.
Ditto in gardens, green crops,
and artificial hay.
I'niduce of wheat in last sea-
son (bushels).
Ditto otiier crops
Numljer of cattle, 30 June 1837
Ditto horses
Ditto sheep and goats
Ditto pigs
Value of exports in 1837, es^
timated —
On wool at
On oil at
On whalebone
On seal skins
Miscellaneous articles .
Amount of annual revenue
raised upon inhabitants.
Annual per-centage of morta-
lity on an average of 3 years
Ditto of births
Ditto of marriages
Comparative number of males
Ditto females
Wages of common labour oy
the day.
Ditto artificers
ITT
IT
1.524004i
£.75000
1232
£.93050
£.2.5000
1381i
377*
364
2l'i04
1132.5
1020
24,5
14475
910
£.
2400
3200
520
.500
100
4586
20;r2
£100
1
£124 1 4
£33 f, 8
1.3.14
0.2.0
0.1.37
29^
15
1
19
1
£
a.
(/
3
4
4
5
4
13
10^
13
4
2
8
f)
2
3
i per cent.
3 ditto.
2-3ds ditto.
1344 j- - being ra
688 ther more
than 1 Fcm.
to 2 Males.
6.V.
8s. to lO.v.
The aggregate value of property appertaining to
the colonists in land granted at Is. per acre, and on
rural improvements, buildings in towns, implements,
clothes and furniture, value of crop and live stock,
and in boats, vessels and fishing gear, may be esti-
mated in the gross at 360,000/., producing, with the
labour of the community, after deducting its subsist-
ence, a clear annual accumulation of capital to the
extent of 72,000/.
On an inspection of the preceding table, it will be
seen that each colonist, on an average, possesses a
considerable amount of property in land, buildings,
and cultivation ; that he realizes in grain, and the
products of live stock, a large return for his labour ;
that, after providing for his own subsistence, he ex-
ports in wool and oil to the amount of Hi. 19s. 2^(1.,
and contributes to the local revenue the sum of
G/. 2s. 3d. per annum ; that the comparative morta-
lity is very small, while the births and marriages are
unusually numerous. In recapitulating these facts,
it is not out of place to advert to certain rumours
III v>iiau
Other colony are the colonists, on an average, in a
more prosi)erous condition than in this, or in pos-
session of larger means for future welfare ?
After these remarks, it is unnecessary to go into
any detailed account of the condition of the settlers
at large, as to food, lodging, clothing and general
comfort ; even those who have the smallest share in
the aggregate wealth, or indeed no share at all, may
attain to comparative atUuence by their own labour,
at the present rate of wages, Jtc, and it is undoubt-
edly in the power of the jioorest individual, who is
free from bodily infirmity, and from vicious prupen-
sities, to procure for himself in this country, by in-
dustry, not only the necessaries of life, but future
independence of labour.
The annexed interesting information was collected
in the cidouy in 1836, every thing now wearj a still
brighter aspect.
The following vegetables thrive in this colony most
abundantly ; turnips, cabbages, caulillowers, radishes,
lettuce, carrots, onions, potatoes, peas, kidney beans,
beet, ^c. These vegetables are highly productive,
equal in size, and generally su|)erior in flavour, to
those grown in England, l.ong-pod and Windsor
beans, are not |)ro(luctive. The various kinds of
pot-herbs, such as thyme, parsley, &c. thrive ex-
tremely well. The various kinds of melons, such as
the rock, cantelupe, romaua, and water, bear fruit
abundantly, and are of the finest (piality, as to size
and flavour. Cucumbers grow remarkably fine and
good ; and pumpkins and gourds are of large bize,
and very productive.
As regards fruit trees, they are not at present very
numerous ; those that were introduced at the first of
the settlement, were, for the most part, lost to the
colony through want of care, and ignorance of the
nature of the country, and want of confidence on the
part of individuals possessing them, as to the capa-
bilities of the colony for producing the requisites for
the support and comfort of man. These prejudices,
experience has happily removed ; no one here, now
doubts the capabilities of the colony ; he is well aware
that it can produce whatever is requisite for the wel-
fare of the human race. The fruits most plentiful, at
luesent, are pi aches, figs, and grajjcs ; it is nut pos-
sible for any fruits to be doing better than these are,
as regards their productiveness, quality of fruit, and
healthy growth. The almond, hitherto, has not done
well ; the walnut tree thrives well. Within the last
year or two, a considerable number of apple, pear,
plum, orange, lemon, guava and other trees, liave been
introduced ; these are in a healthy and thriving state.
The banana is also introduced, and, where sheltered
from boisterous winds, promises to do well, particu-
larly those planted under the protection of Mount
E) ,:a, and the high shelving land of Perth, several of
V ,cb are now bearing fruit. The hop plant is also
doing well in several places.
The price of vegetables, at the time of their first
l)roduction, after the settlement of the colony, was
very high. The first cabbages were sold at 2s. Ctd.
eacli ; they are now worth one penny or one penny
halfpenny each, of large size, full hearted, and of ex-
cellent (luality. Potatoes were first sold at Is. Hd. per
11). ; the price is now one penny halfpenny. Peas
were sold 2s. per (juart (inishelled) ; they were sold,
during the present season, at Is, M. per peck.
Ik:-' If
It :'il
468
SWAN RIVER.— PRODUCTS.
?:• M
Onions, three years ago, were worth Is. ChI. per lb. ;
they are now, one penny. The first water melons
sold as hlf;h as lOs. M. each ; they may now he pur-
chased for '2d. or 3d. each. Rock melons were .'),?.
each ; their present price is M. Cucumbers, that at
one time produced '.»</., are now yold at one ijtnny
each. Two years ago, the grapes were sold at :2.«. fi(/.
each lb.; their present price is 'jd. I'eaches, two
years ago, (the first offered for sale,) were one shilling
each ; they are now sold for twopence each. Figs
were four for a shilling ; they are now sixpence per
dozen.
Perth is now, at all times, abundantly supplied with
vegetables, and it will not be any great length of
time, before it is equally well supplied with fruit, as
a great number of fruit trees have recently been in-
troduced, and they are so easily propagated by cut-
tings in the colony. Cuttings, in many instances,
bear fruit the second year after planting ; and abun-
dantly, the third year of their growth. The large
vine, in the government garden, v s introduced into
the colony, by Mr. Macfaull ; it lias been planted in its
present situation, about four years. Two years ago, it
made shoots, upwards of 30 feet in length, in different
directions, so as to cover an area of more than fiC
feet in one year; it has borne as much as 100
■weight of grapes in a season ; but not having hitherto
been cultivated, with a view of producing fruit, but
of cuttings for projiagation, it has been cut dov.n very
close every yenr. Had it have been trained, with a
view of ])rodr-cing fruit, it is sujiposed it would have
yielded upwards of three bundled weight yearly. A
great variety of grape vines are now introduced into
the colony ; those introduced by Mr. I,. Leake, and
planted under Mount Kliza, are of very superior
quality, both as regards the size and flavour of the
fruit. There can be no doubt, but this will prove a
fine country for thcgrowthof the vine, soil and climate
being both in its favour. Fruit trees, of most kinds,
are of much more rapid growth in tbc colony than
in England. The jicach trees in Government Gar-
den, began to bear fruit when they were little more
than two years old, (they were raised from the stone,)
and have attained a height of from eight to ten feet ;
and other trees grow with equal rapidity.
With respect to animal food the following informa-
tion has been collected ; in the latter ]iart of the year
1829, 1830, and 1H31, a great number of sheep and
cattle were nnported from Van Diemen's Land. Not
less than 3,.')00 of the former ; but in consequence
of the general opinion, then entertained, that there
was little land cajialile of grazing stock, (the land to
the east of the Darling Range not having then been
explored,) nearly the whole of them were killed, to
supply the ships of war, during those years moored
in Cockburn Sound, viz. the Sulphur, Cruiser, and
Success, at i)d. per lb., the price to private individuals
being at the same time one shilling.
At the same time, Mr. Lord, and Mr. Bryant, im-
ported a number of horned cattle, about 60 head, a
great part of which strayed away into the Bush, where
they still continue, many about the unsettled upper
country of the Murray River ; the rest were killed
for the men of war, at one shilling per lb. The Go-
vernment, at this time, had a herd of cattle, which
they occasionally killed, and sold at the same price.
The quality of the meat was very indifferent, the
sheep being nearly all ewes, and in lamb, and in a
poor weakly condition, from scab, and effects of the
voyage ; average weight, about 301bs. each. The
homed cattle were all poor, having been recently
landed. In the year 1H33, a few good wether slionp
were landed from the " Dart," from Sydney, and wire
sold for thirty shillings each, the meat being sold at
one shilling (ler lb.
At this period, a few settlers were enabled to sup.
ply an increase of sheep aiid goats, for whirli the
tnitcher would give l*'. 3(7. per lb., for retailing it
agaiiiat \sA]d. ThecontractforthesupplytoMietrcKjps,
was taken at \s. -id. The colonial bred stock gDoil.
In ls;i L a coiisiderable number of horned cattle were
imported by Cajitain 'J'aylor, and sold at £1.'). per
head. In 1H3."), the retail price continued to be iVom
1a'. 4(/. to 1.1. Cul. per lb., the market being now piin.
cipally supplied with colonial stock. The coiitiaet
price, for the last (juarter of this year, for the truups,
was l.«. L'(/. per lb. The colonial bred meat is of ex-
cellent (piality and flavour. The average wiightoi
lambs, 30lbs., and wethers, Jolbs. each. The suppiv
of mutton, up to the present period, has been tole-
rably abundant ; beef is abundant, but the deiiiand
too small to enable the butcher to kill, with a cer-
tainty of sale.
In addition to the above information, it may he
observed, that, at several periods, during the first
three or four years of the colony, it was almost im-
possible to obtain fresh meat at any price. The sup-
))ly of fish is generally good, as well at Perth as at
Fremantle, a shilling or eightecnpeiice being sulRcient
for the purchase of a large fish.
The supply of bread, or flour, has been equally
precarious and fluctuating, with that of other de-
scriptions of provisions ; at times the market over-
stocked with imported flour, selling at twopence; at
other times difficult to be bought at one shilling per
lb. At one period, a substitute for bread was sold
at one shilling i)er 11)., composed of a small (|uaiitity
of bad flour, rice, and jiotatoes. For the last fittecn
months, however, the supply has been abundant, and
the price .steady, generally from three-pence to four-
pence iier lb.
The following table has been prejiared at Swan River
in conformity as stated with the plan laid down
in my first colonial work.
A. — Moveiihlc property existins:. — Sheep, 5,300, at
.lOs. each, 13,2.")()/ ; Horses, 170, at 3,'j/. each, (Vjr)0/.;
Horned cattle, .")40, at \2l. ei.eh, 6,4s0/. ; Goats, .500,
at 3(l.v. each, I'M. ; Swine, .'i.'iO, at 20s. each, :^M.;
Dogs, 500/. ; Crafts, boats, and gear, 3,0()(i;. ; Fur.
niture in houses, 10,000/.; Clothingfor 1683 persons,
at 5/. each, 8,415/. ; Farming implements, machinery,
itc., 5,000/. ; Merchandize on hand, 15,000/.; Bul-
lion, coin, &c., 5,000/.
B.— Houses, 375 in Perth and Fremantle, 30,000/.;
Land cultivated, 1579 acres, at 15/. per acre, includ-
ing farm, 23,685/.; Land granted, and wholly or in
part occupied, as sheep or stock runs, 160,000 acres,
at 5.V. per acre, 40,000/. ; Land granted, remaining
unoccujiied, 1,379,616 acres, at 2k. per acre 137,li'il/.;
Public buildings, jails, &c., 13,000/.; Roads, bridges,
and wharfs, 2,000/. ; Grand Total, 321, .541/.
[These tables are exclusive of a considerable pro-
perty existing at King George's Sound, in four vessels
of considerable tonnage, houses, &c. &c.J
Estimate '. value of property created or consumed,
whethe- of colonial production, or imported during
the year 1H35. Animal food for 1,892 persons, at
lOOIbs. per annum each, 189,200lbs , at l.<. pcrlh.,
9,460/ ; salted meat, imported beef, pork, and tongues,
for 1,892 persons, at 1501bs. per annum each,
283,800lbs., at 5(/., 5,912/.; fish for 1 ,000 persons,
lOOlbs. each per annum, 100,o00lbs„ at \U. per lb,,
625/.; brea
each per an|
lor the yeiT
,),547/. ; col
at OA'/. perl
ported floui|
annum, 283|
estimated
butter, eggi
tea, sugar, (1
per day eaeJ
6\vine, &c.,
Another p
has been rect
Sonth Jiistr
was establish
abstract of t
for the forniii
' The colon
the name of
i:i2nd to the
the south coa
wards to the
' The whch
to be ojien to
' Not to b(
parts of Austi^
for this colon;
' The colon
of confinemen
' No waste
property, save
at a fixed mi
price as the <
termine.
' Subject tc
ecssity of pre
siding in the
acquire jirope
without limit,
' The whol
public land t
natives of the
' The emigi
purchase mor
in equal num
cants for a p
married perso
given outlay i
may obtain tl
to cultivate tl
value.
' Commissi
manage the d
of the purcha
and to disch
colony.
' Until the
or public lam
to the want
wether sheep
dney.nndwcre
being sold at
jiinblcd to sup.
for which the
'or retailing it
ly to "ilio troops,
cd stock good.
lied cattle were
d at £lj, per
ued to be t'rum
eins now piiii-
'I'lie coiitiaet
for the troops,
meat is of ex-
^ragc weight 01'
1. The supply
has been tolc-
iit the deniand
<i\\, with a cer.
tion, it may he
uring the first
I'as almost im-
rice. Tiie sup.
at Perth as at
being sullicieiit
s been equally
t of other de-
e market over-
it twopence ; at
)nc sliilling per
bread was sold
small (pmutity
r the last titteeii
abimdant, and
• pence to tbur-
at Swan River
)liin laid down
lieep, 5, 1)00, at
I. each, O.y.'iO/,;
Goats, ■)00,
)s. each, ri.')!)/. ;
3,0(10/.; Fur.
1 ('iH3 persons,
Its, nmchincry,
5,000/.; Bui.
jntlc, ;SO,000/.;
Ir acre, includ-
|d wholly nr in
ir.O.dOO acres,
ted, remaining
lacre VM,%U:,
poads, bridges,
.')41/.
|isideral)le pro-
in four vessels
■J
I or consumed,
|i ported during
persons, at
I at l.v. per lb.,
i, and tongues,
annum each,
II ,000 persons,
It IW. perlb.,
SOUTH AUSTRAI,1.\.
409
f)2r)/. ; bread (colonial) for l,89:i persons, at ITiOlbs.
each per annum, 2H3,8001bs. at 3(<. per lb., estimated
lor the year 18.S,5, at half the total consiimjition,
;i,.'i47/. ; condiments — viz., salt, pepper, and spices,
at oA''. per week each person, 20 lA ; bread from im-
ported flour, for 1,H<J2 persons, at l.'iOlbs. each per
iiumim, 283,800lbs. at .3(/. per lb. for the year ISS.^i,
estimated at half the total consumjition, 3,.'i47^ ;
butter, eggs, and poultry, 2,000/.; luxuries — viz.,
tea, sugar, coflce, beer, spirits, wine, and tobacco, 4il.
per day each jierson, ll,.'ioy/. ; food for horses, cattle,
iwine, &c., 3,000/. j wool f^xportcd, 8,0001bs., at Is.
Cxi. (ler day, f>00l. ; fiOi acres brought into cultivation,
at 10/. per acre, 6,610/.; wearing apparel, renewed
for each person, at '21. each, 1,749 persons, exclusive
of military, 3,498/. ; furniture, renewed or made, at
£ for each house, ."iOO/. ; increase of sheep during the
year, 2,000 head, at 21. per head, 4,000/. ; increase of
horses, horned cattle, swine, and goats, 2,000/. ; value
of private houses and buildings erected during the
year I83.'>, 2,000/.; value of public buildings, roads,
and bridges, and ferries, constructed or made during
the year 1«35, 2,000/. ; total, 58,9f.5/.
CHAPTER IV.- SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Another portion of the vast island of New Holland
has been recently erected into a British colony termed
So'itli ^liistralia. The conditions under which it
was established, will be best seen by the following
abstract of the Act of Parliament framed and passed
for the formation of the new settlement.
'The colony to be erected into a province under
the name of South Australia, extending from the
132nd to the 141st degree of east longitude, and from
the south coast, including the adjacent islands, north-
wards to the tropic of Capricorn.
' The whole of this territory within the above limits
to be open to settlement by British subjects.
' Not to be governed by laws applying to other
parts of Australia, but by those only expressly enacted
for this colony.
' The colony in no case to be employed as the place
of confinement of transported convicts.
' No waste or public lands to become private
property, save by one means only ; viz. by purchase
at a fixed minimum price, or as much above that
price as the competition of public auction may de-
termine.
' Subject to the above restriction, and to the ne-
ce.'isity of previous surveys, all persons, whether re-
siding in the colony or Great Britain, to- be free to
acquire property in waste or public land, in fee, and
without limit, either us to quantity or situation.
'The whole of the purchase money of waste or
public land to be ein|)loye(l in conveying labourers,
natives of the British isles, to the colony.
' The emigrants conveyed to the colony with the
purchase money of waste land, to be of the two sexes
in equal numbers; a ])reference amongst the appli-
cants for a passage cost-free being given to young
married persons not having children ; so that for any
given outlay of their money, the purchasers of land
may obtain the greatest amount of labour wherewitli
to cultivate the land, and of population to enhance its
value.
' Commissioners to be appointed by his Majesty to
manage the disposal of public lands, the exiienditure
of the purchase-money thereof as an emigration fund,
and to discharge some other duties relative to the
colony.
' Until the colony be settled, and the sales of waste
or public lands shall have produced a fund adequate
to the want of labour in the colony, the commis-
sioners to have authority to raise money on loan, by
the issue of bonds or otherwise, bearing colonial in-
terest, for the purpose of conveying selected labour-
ers to the colony : so that the first body of emigrating
capitalists going out to buy land, may from the first
be supplied with labour. The commissioners being
empowered, until such loan or loans be repaid, with
interest, to apply all the (jroceeds of the sales of land
in repayment of such loans.
' l-'or defraying (provisionally) the necessary ex-
per.ses of the commission and of the colonial govern-
ment, the commissioners to have authority *q raise
money on loan, by the issue of bonds or otherwise,
and ])rovided such expenditure do not exceed 200,000/.
in the whole, the amount thereof to be deemed a
colonial debt, and secured upon the entire revenue of
the colony.
' The authority of the commissioners to continue
until the colony having attained a certain pojiulation,
shall, through the means of a representative assembly,
to be called by his Majesty, undertake to discharge
the colonial debt, and to defray the cost of future
government ; when the colony is to receive such a
constitution of local government as his Majesty, with
the advice of his Privy Council, and with the autho-
rity of Parliament, may deem most desirable. The
pojuilation of the province must amount to at least
50,000 before it be lawful for the Crown to frame a
constitution of local government for the colony.'
The province contains an area of nearly 300,000
square miles, or 192,000,000 acres. It was taken
possession of and an a'ccessary made by Captain
Hindmarsh R. N., as governor, and the following
proclamation fixed the site of the capital : —
Port Adet.aidk.
" Proclamation by his Excellency John Hindmarsh,
Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelpbic Order,
Captain in the Royal Navy, Governor and Comman-
der-in-Chief of her Majesty's Province of South
Australia.
" I do hereby direct that the two points at the
entrance of the estuary on the eastern shore of the
Gulf of St. Vincent, in lat. 34 deg. 46 min. leading
from said gulf shall be called as follows, viz. : — The
northern point siiall be called Point Gray ; the sou-
thern point shall be called Point Malcolm ; tiiat the
m: . ^ .
\J.:^.
470
SOUTH AUSTRAMA.
entrflnco between these points into the port hereafter
proclaimed Rhall be calleri Light's Passage ; that the
peninsula jjounded on the eastern side by the ])ort
hereinafter proclaimed, and on the western side by the
sea, shall be called I.cfeard's Peninsula; that the
island fonning the north eastern boundary of the
port hereinafter proclaimed shall be called Torrens
Island ; that the inlet forming the southern boundary
of Torrens Island, and running to the eastward, shall
be called Angus Inlet ; and that the land lying to the
southward of the said inlet, and extending from such
inlet to the southern extremity of the port herein-
after proclaimed, and inland to a distance of three
statute miles, and forming part of the eastern and
south-eastern boundary of the said port, shall be
called Fife Angus.
" That the estuary leading ou': of Gulf St. Vincent
from a right line across the same from Point Grey to
Point Malcolm, and from such right line up the said
estuary to a right line drawn across the same, at the
distance of one statute mile above the jiresent landing
place in Fife Angus, shall be the port of the town of
Adelaide ; and I do hereby proclaim the same within
the boundaries hereinbefore described to be a legal
port, and direct that from henceforth it shall be called
and known by the name of Port Adelaide.
" Given under my hand and the seal of the province,
this 25lh day of May, 1837,
" John Hindmarsh."
Distances of several places from the settlement
•
PLACE.
u
WINDS.
U (A
HO
Timor ....
2700
■
20
Java ....
ati.'io
IS
Madras ....
•iron
Favourable at
Ceylon ....
4.100
all seasons.
;>-
'sle of France
4400
'iy
Cape of Good Hope
(iodo
40
Eiit;laiid ....
11500
Variable.
105
Van Dieraen's Land
800
Favourable.
6
Sidney ....
120U
Do, in j;encral.
12
A full description of the country generally, so far
as it is known, will be found in my " OdoniiU Li-
brary." The following topographical account has
been furnished by the South Australian Commis-
sioners : —
The capital of the province of South Australia is
situated on the eastern side of Gulf St. Vincent, in
latitude 34. .57. south, and longitude 138. 43. east.
All the accounts which have been received from the
colony concur in extolling the salubrity of the climate
and the fertility of the soih; and go to confirm the
opinion expressed by Captain Sturt in the report of
his survey of this district of country, that between
the eastern coast of Gulf St. Vincent and Lake Alex-
andrina, from Cape Jervis to the head of the Gulf,
there are several millions of acres of highly fertile
and beautiful land. The following statement respect-
ing the climate, the soil, and the capabilities of the
seiJement, is extracted from a letter from Mr. John
Morphett, addressed to several gentlemen in this
country who had entrusted him with the management
of their land in the colony.
Gulf St. ViiiCcnt is without island, rock, reef, or
sandbank, and navigable by a stranger in the darkest
night by means of the lead. I have heard it stated
by competent authorities that gales from the south-
ward and westward do not blow home here ; and I
know that some nautical men, besides the Survrvnr.
general, consider almost any part of it lierl'ettly muV
anchorage all the year round ; in addition to wlijch
there is a safe and commodious harbour, adnptid ti
admit, at all times, ships of 300 tons burthi n, mid
Colonel Light states, capable of being made practicalile
j for vessels of double that tonnage.
j The country from Cape Jervis upwards is vprv
picturesque, and generally well timbered, but in ^\{^,
disposition of the trees more like an Engli.sh park
than what we could have imagined to be the character
of untrodden wilds ; it is, therefore, well suitiil (or
depasturing sheep, and in many places, under prcsein
circumstances, quite open enough for the ploui;!!.
A range of hills, with valleys opening tlirou^'h to
the back, runs down it at an average distancf ot In
or 12 miles. Most of these hills are good soil to the
top, and all would furnish excellent teed during tin.:
winter. The country between there and the sia is
very diversified, in some places undulating, in others
level, with plains both ojieii and elegantly woudtd.
There are many streams running into the sea. witli
very deep channels. These in summer arc low, and
a few of them dry; but the entire range of hills in
which these have their sources abounds in gullies and
ravines, affording the greatest facilities for daminini;,
whereby an immense (piantity of water niiglit be
retained from the winter rains. This is important,
as a system of irrigation might be applied here with
great advantage The soil is generally excellent ; a
fine rich mould, with a substratum of clay.
The site fixed on by the Surveyor-general for the
capital of the colony is in about 34. t^^ . south. It is
situated on gently rising ground on both banks of a
pretty stream, commanding a view of an extensive
plain, reaching down to the sea, over which the
S. W. breezes blow nine months out of the twelve,
with invigorating freshness. As the back is a hcau-
tifully wooded country, which extends for aliont six
miles to the base of the first range of hills, which are
capped by a high wooded osic, called, by Sturt, Mount
Lofty, 2,400 feet above the level of the sea. To the
left the hills gently curve round, and trend down to
the coast at about nine miles from the town, cnelosin!;
f' plain country, in sooie places open, in others
wooded, having a few small streams and fies.h water
lakes. To the right the hills run in a northerly ami
easterly direction, continuing for 30 or 40 miles,
where they a])pear to sink into a plain The country
along their base is well timbered : nearer the coast it
is open and level.
At the distance of six miles from the town is the
head of a creek, from 300 to 400 yards wide, com-
municating with the sea, in which vessels not drawing
more than 18 feet water may be moored as easily and
safely as in the London Docks.
The creek has two mouths or openings to the gulf,
the most southerly of which, in latitude 35. 17., com-
municates with a channel formed by the coast, and
sand-spits dry (at low water) about three miles long,
with three and a half, four, and five fathoms water,
in which vessels may be moored commodiously and
securely, having an entrance to the sea more than
three fathoms deep at high-water spring-tides.
The course of the creek is almost due north and
south, running parallel to the coast for the first luur
miles from the entrance; there is three and three and
a half fathoms in the middle, and two fathoms close
to the banks; afterwards for a mile it deejiens to tour,
and then for a mile and a half it becomes five fathoms
deep, and at the point, about seven miles from the
mouth, wh(
conuminiea
only a dista
III the wi
river, but, d
loses itself
Ncitliin:jr wil
this point,
country bit'
level, it will
from one to
The cMina
been very
breeze, whic
setting in
continuing t
As a prool
remark th.it
since we lun
hardships
country, an(
open air.
The antieii
the fall of ra
to say, reali
very nearly v
six months, i
The grass ;
to be the casi
the country \
of sheep tha
years after th
roots more s|
country and i
breeding, sine
tralia. In Van
is calculated
per cent. Bui
be still more
meats pastura
are obliged to
this colony a
mile for 640 n
I have befo
pectcd from a
I now 1 i'er ti
portance. Th
westward of ■
several hundrc
produce of th(
these mountai
he shipped at
of the settlers
explorations t
stock settlemi
embarkation,
dently expect
beautiful tract
by Major Mite
Australian Coi
of Commons,
("he annexe(
irii>, in
John i
" I landed i
eight miles up
licst spots I e
running throi
Colonel Light
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
471
he Surveyor.
lit'rIVttly sale
ion to whicli
r, adnptnl It
)urthfn, mill,
Jo prauticaljle
arils is vriv
il, liut ill the
English park
tlic chnracti r
ill suited for
nidcr present
e ploui;li.
; tlirou-li to
listance of lu
od soil to the
!il duriii;,' the
ul the sea is
iuR, ill others
intly wooded.
tliu sea, with
are low, and
ige of hills in
in gullies and
for damming,
er mif;ht be
is important,
led liere with
• e.xcL'llent; u
ay.
eneral for the
south. It is
th banks of a
an extensive
LT which tlie
f the twelve,
ack is a hcau-
I for ahoiit six
i, which are
Sturt, Mount
sea. To the
•end ilown to
n, enclosing
in others
fresh water
lortherly and
40 miles.
The country
the coast it
town is the
wide, coin-
not drawini;
as easily and
; to the gulf,
I. 17., com-
coast, and
; miles long,
horns water,
diously and
more than
ides.
north and
le first four
1 three and
thonis close
lens to four,
Sve fathoms
cs from the
mouth, where it would be most convenient to form a I
comuuinication between it and tlie capital, there is j
onlv a distance of one mile from the sea shore.
In the winter the creek receives the waters of the
river, but, during the heisht of the summer, the river 1
loses itself in a marsh before it reaches the creek. !
Nothini; will be easier than to dam the river above ]
this point, and thus always keep it full ; and, as the
country between Ad( laide and the harlionr is a dead
level, it will not be an expensive work to cut a canal
from one to the other.
The climate is decidedly fine ; the heat latterly has
been very great, but tempered by a pleasant sea
breeze, which blows regularly through the summer,
setting in about nine o'clock in the morning, and
continuing till sunset.
As a proof of the healthiness of the climate, I may
remark that there has been scarcely a case of illness
since we landed, notwithstanding the privations and
hardships attendant upon the first settlement of a
country, and we think nothing of sleeping in the
open air.
The anticipations we formed in England respecting
the fall of ruin on this const, liave been, I am happy
to say, realized ; whilst at Sydney they have been
very nearly without a drop of rain for the last five or
six months, we have had an abundance.
The grass grows at present in tufts, which I believe
to be the case in all natural pastures ; conseiiuently
the country would not now support half the number
of sheep that it would be able to do a year or two
years after the lands have been cropped close, and the
roots more sjircad. It is gratifying to find that the
country and climate are admirably adapted to sheep
breeding, since wool is the staple commodity of Aus-
tralia. In Van Uiemcn's Land, this branch of farming
is calculated to yield an average annual profit of 80
per cent. Rut I should conceive the returns would
be still more satisfactory here, as in the older settle-
ments pasturage is scarce, and most of the sheep-runs
are obliged to be rented at a high rate ; whereas in
this colony a purchaser of land may obtain a square
mile for 640 acres) of pasturage at 4Qs. per annum.
I have before alluded to the advantages to he ex-
pected from a communication with the Murray, and
I now 1 _fer to it again as being a point of great im-
portance. There are expensive and rich plains to the
westward of the Wat. 'ngony Mountains, in which
several hundred thousand sheep are depastured. The
produce of these flocks is obliged to be carried over
these mountains at an immense expense, in order to
he shipped at Sydney. The yearly increasing flocks
of the settlers of New South Wales will compel fresh
explorations to the westward, and the formation of
stock settlements still further from the point of
embarkation. In addition to which, we may confi-
dently expect the occupancy of that extensive and
beautiful tract of country still nearer to us, discovered
by Major Mitchell, and called Australia Felix. [South
Australian Commissioners Report for 1837. House
of Commons, January 26, 1838.]
The annexed report is by Captain Martin, of the
John Pirie, in August, 183fi.
" I landed in a fine bay round Cape Jarvis, about
eight miles up St. Vincent's Gulf, in one of the love-
liest spots I ever beheld, with a fine stream of water
running through the middle of a level plain, and
Colonel Light at once pronotmced it to be one of the
best situations possible for a town. This bay i.s well
sheltered from all winds except those from down the
gulf and from the \V. and N.W., but it does not
appear that the winds blow home, and, from the
a|)pearance of the beach and the shore, I should say
there is never any sea running. The anchorage i.i
good holding ground, and I should not hesitate to
ride all the year round in from ten to three fathoms
water. Colonel Light pitched his tents on siiore,
made a garden, and put in bis seeds and plants. He
set to work surveying the bay.
" The country all about is delightful and well
watered. 1 proceeded uj) St. Vincent's Gulf, on the
cast side, about 75 or xO miles, till I sot into a river
sufficient for the John Pirie to enter at high water,
and when in there is plenty of water. I went about
12 miles up this river, it runs close up to Mount
Lofty. The hanks are low, composed of small islets,
with low mangrove trees growing in the water ; but
a little way inland we came to a beautiful open
country, fine plains as far as the eye can reach, very
moderately wooded, as are also the hills all fine rich
dark brown soil, with a yellow clay of from two to
four feet under it, runs of fine water in all directions.
All from this part to the Cape is a continuation of
fine land, plenty of grass for food for cattle and sheep;
fine shady hill, moderately timbered. The principal
wood is the oak and mimosa. There are abundance
of kangaroos and emus. There is one large plain of
fine land between this river and the Cape, with three
rivers running through From this to the lake Alex-
andrina is about 22 miles across the finest country
that ever eyes beheld."
All accounts agree in the eligibility of the situation
for a colony, and confirm the impression which I
entertained when coasting along the southern shore
of Australia in 1828.
Although half the land in the colony should turn
out to be waste and irreclaimable, and the remainder
not even exceed the price which has already been
actually realized (from 12*. to 20s. per acre), there
will still be 50,000,000/. worth of land to provide for
theexpenses of the government, and to plant labourers
OM the soil. An excellent public spirited association
has been formed, termed the " South Australian
Company," with a subscribed capital of 300,000^.,
who have already invested abrut 100,000/. in the
purchase of land from the govc"- ment commissioners,
in the conveyance of labo' rs and stock to the
colony, and in the estah' .oUment of whale fishing
vessels, &c.
We have no accurate census as yet of the colony ;
it probably numbers upwards of 3,000 European in-
habitants, of whom the females are in proportion to
the males larger than is usually the case with infant
settlements. The commissioners in their last report
state that the total of the sums received for the sale
of land up to the present time (December 22, 1837)
has amounted to 43,221/. Of this sum, 36,427/. were
received before the date of the first annual report,
and subsequently to that report 3,200/. have been
paid for land in this country, and 3,594/. have been
paid in the colony on account of the 563 town sec-
tions sold by auction, a^ter the first 437 town sections
had been appropriated to the original purchasers of
land orders in this country. The whole of the sales
of land hitherto effected is stated in the following
tabular form : —
lit
^^\
■ii*
•172
Return of tlie Snlcs of I.niuls from the commence-
ment, on the l.'ith July, IH,'}."), to the 7th December,
1837.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
Sales of Lnnds.
437 land orders included in the
preliminary sales, each order
being for 13.'> acres . . .
One deposit forfeited . . .
Land orders, exclusive of the pre-
liminary sales, each for HO acres,
at \2.i. per acre ....
Ditto, at iiO,«. per acre . . .
Investment for the purchase of
land in the colony ....
Amount received by the Commis-
sioner in the colony for sale of
the town sections, not includedj
in the 437 preliminary orders i
Number
of Acres.
,5899.'")
lf)0O
3200
Receipts.
Total
I
C3795
£.
3,')397
L'O
9r,0
3200
50
3.594
43221
No expense has been defrayed from the revenues of
this country on account of the colony of South Aus-
tralia, except the sum of 4,801/., i)aid by the naval
departments on account of Her Majesty's sliip ' Buf-
falo,' employed in the formation of the settlement.
Of this, 1,843/. has been repaid from the funds
chargeable with the cost of conveying emigrants, and
the remainder is to l)o repaid by the commissioners.
A return of all monies received by the sale of Pub-
lic Lands in Southern Australia, in each year, from
the 1st of April in.'?:"), to the latest period for which
it can be prepared. — From 1 April 183,') to 31 March
I83r>, both inclusive, 3f'>.377/. (including the prelimi-
nary sales, amounting to 3."), 000/., recpiired by the
Act 4 & .') Will. IV., c. 9.')). 1 April 1836 to 31
March 1837, both inclusive, 4,092/. (including
3,.'i94/. 4.<., received in the colony from the sale of
town sections ; a return of subsequent sales there has
not been received in England). 1 April 1837 to 31
March 1838, both inclusive, 4,820/. 1 April 18.38 to
27 July 1838, both inclusive, 12,<',40/. Total, .'■)7,92y/.
A return of the number of Ships, and amount of
their Tonnage, which have cleared out for South
Australia from any Port of Great Britain and Ireland,
in each year respectively, since ."i April 183.'). — Year
ended .'i April 183f), 3 ships, .'■)3,5 tons; 1837, 11
ships, 3,139 tons; 1838, 14 ships, ,'),171 tons.
Copy of a letter from Robert Torrens, Esq., to James
Stephens, Esq.
South Australian Colonization Office,
Sir, Adelphi Terrace, IG June 1838.
The Colonization Commissioners for South Aus-
tralia, have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the Gth instant, and, in obedience to
the directions of Lord Glcnelg therein contained, to
enclose a " Return of the annual charge to l)c pni.
vided for by the Local Government of South Aiistra-
lia, imder the several heads of Interest on Debts cun.
tractcd on the Credit of the Colonial Keveniu' ; „(
Expensies of the Local Kstablishment, and Contiii^tii
cies ; and of Expenses of the Establishment of the
Colonization Commissioners in this Country, anj
Contingencies."
With resjjcct to the debts contracted on the ercilit
of the colonial securities, the Commissiomrs \ws to
remark that the amount has been very considonihly
enhanced by the necessity imposed u|)on them, l)y tJK
provisions of the South Australian Act, of lidriDw.
ing the sum of 20,000/. as a security fund, before aiiv
step could be taken towards the estublislinieiit (if tlu>
colony. Another cause of the large amount oi the
colonial debt lias been the necessity the Commis-
sioncrs were under of borrowing, for the |)urposc of
fitting out a surveying expedition for the purpose of
exploring the almost unknown coasts and hiubouis
of South Australia, and for selecting the site of the
first settlement.
Though these incidental and preliminary expenses
have swelled the colonial debt to twice the ain<nint
to which it might otherwise have risen, yet the pm.
gress of the colony is such as to give to the Com-
missioners a confident assurance that the resources
of the colony will be eciual to the discharge of iiij its
obligations.
By the 20th section of the South Australian Act,
the public lands, and the monies arising from thesnle
thereof, are made available for the i)aymcnt of the
principal and interest of the colonial debt ; and at
the actual rate at which, even at this early stage of
its progress, the public lands of the colony have been
selling during the present month, the amount of the
laiul revenue for a single year would exceed the whole
amount of the colonial del)t, including all interest
thereon. — I have, &c. Rulwrt Turri'ns, Chairman.
A Return of the Annual Charge to be provided for
by the Local Government of South Australia ; viz.—
Interest on debts contracted on the credit of the Co-
lonial Revenue, viz. Bonds for security fund, 20,(i0n/.,
interest, 2,000/. ; Other bonds to this date, 3.'),(l(io/.,
interest, 3,.'J40/. Total, .5,540/ —Expenses of the
Local Establishment and Contingencies from January
to December 1838; viz. Salaries, 8,250/.; Contin-
gencies, 1,750/. Total, 10,000/. — Expenses, of the
Establishment of the Colonization Commissions in
this Country, and Contingencies, from January to
Dec. 1838; viz. Salaries, l,r)00/. ; Contingencies,
1,000/. Total, 2,600/. Grand total, 18,140/.
The wages of labour are from 5,v. to Gs. per day.
Every account brings more and more valuable intelli-
gence as to the quality of the soil, the extent of navi-
gable waters, and the salubrity of the climate. 1 trust
that in a future edition I shall be enabled to place
before the British public a full statistical account of
this new section of the empire.
BOOK VI.— SOUTHERN AFRICA.
CHAlTEll I.— THE CAPE OF ClOOD HOPE.
SKcrioN I. The Cnpc of Gdod Hope, sitiiiitcd at
till! southern extremity (if Atricii, is houndid hy tlie
vast southern ocenn on tlie S., on tlie W. by the
Atlantic, on the K. by the Indiiin ocenn, and on the
N. by tlie Garicp or Orange River, and by unexplored
territories.
It is difficult to state the exact area of South
Africa, extending from Cape Point, in S. latitude
;U.L'3 to Delagoa liny, a Portuguese scttleiiient, on
the K. coast in lat. 'id. In order, however, to explain
the nature of the country, it will be necessary to eoii-
sidir the Hritish located territory, which after its
coiupiest from the Dutch was thus delined (by Mr.
Barrow, in his valuable view of the Cape, puljlisbed
in IMOI) ; length of the colony, from W. to K. Cape
I'uiiit to Kaflerland, "iSO miles ; from River Koussie
to Zuurcberg, .'ilJO ; breadth from S. to N. river
Koiissic to Ciipe Point, 315 miles ; Nieuwveld moun-
tiiins to Plettenburg's Bay, KiO; mouth of the Tush
Uivcr to Plettenburg's baaken, 22.') miles; which
gives a parallelogram, whose mean length is .').')(), and
niL'iin breadth 23.1 English miles, comprising an area
(if )2S,1')0 scpiarc miles. The present boundaries
maybe considered as the Keiskamma River on the
i;., and the Ciariep or Orange Kiver on the N., csti-
nuitcd at HOO miles from K. to W., and :VM) miles
from N. to S., comprising an area of about 1200, ()()(»
s(iuare miles, with a sea coast of upwards of l,L'n(i
miles, from the Gariep on the western or .\tlantie
shore to the Keiskamma, on the eastern or Indian
Ocean coast.
11. The lofty promontory of southern Africa was
discovered by Bartholomew Diaz, in 1 187, and called I
hy him Calm dn-i Tinnicnttis, in consequence of the ;
tempestuous weather experienced. The mutinous I
state of his crews, and the shattered condition of his
ships, prevented Diaz from touching at the Cape ;
ami on his return to Portugal, .lolin II. directed the
Promontory to be called Caho da hua R.sperdii^ui
(Cape of Good Hope), in expectation of future bene-
ficial results. In the confident expectation of di.sco-
vering the lo.ig desired passage to India, another
llect was fitted out by John, and the command given
to the eolehrated Vasco de Gama, who, after con-
tending with the fury of the elements, and the des-
pairing, almost mutinous, conduct of his companions,
doubled the Cape of Good Hope (ten years after its
discovery), on the 20th November 1 l'.i7.
The Cape of Good Hope continued thus to be
resorted to as a temporary rendezvous by Kuropean
mariners for more than a century, and dispatches for
the Directors of the Dutch and English I'.ast India
Comiianies were buried by the commanders of the I
outward-bound sbii)s, with instructions cut on stone j
or wood, indicating where letters and the ship and]
cargo registers were to be found by the homeward
bound vessels. In KiL'O, two of the English luist
India Company's commanders (Humphrey Eitzher-
bert and Andrew Sbillinge, their proclamation is
dated "Ray of Saldanha,;!d .'uly 1 (;■_'(),"), took formal
|)ossession of the Cape, in the name of King James,
thirty years prior to the establishment of the Dutch
colony. No settlement was, however formed; and
the English, Portuguese, and Dutch eontiiuied indis-
criminately to resent thither for shelter and refresh-
ment ; but in ir)")(i, the Dutch government, at the
suggestion of a surgeon of one of their East India
ships (Van Riebeck) who viewed the station as an
admirable rendezvous, and also with a desire to form
a barrier to their Indian dominions, resolved to colo-
nize the Cape ; a determination which was shortly
after put in execution by sending out 100 males, to
whom were subFCipiently added 100 females, from
the houses of industry in Amsterdam. From this
period, for IHO years, the Cape of Good Hope re-
mained in the possession of Holland.
The liritisb government in 17'.i")took possession of
the colony for the Prince of Orange, and it remained
in our occupation for seven years, until the peace of
Amiens, when, after various improvements, \c., and
contrary to the jirofound views of that profound
statesman the Maniuess of Wellesley, then Earl of
Mornington, (see his [.ordship's Despatches, vol. i.,
published in \S'M\) it was most injudiciously restored
to the Dutch nominally, but in reality to the Prench,
who made use of the Hollanders as suited their
convenience. On the renewal of the war with Prance,
and its dependencii's, it was wisely determined by our
Government to recapture the Cape of (Jood Hope:
and with this view, a well appointed force of .5,000
men, under Sir Davi<l Haird and Sir Home Popham,
appeared oil' the Cape in January iHOfi. The colony
lias ever since remained in our possession. [For fur-
ther details, see Vdlmiiiil LUminj, vol. iii.J
The following is a list of the governors of the
colony since its establishment in l(i.')2, under tlie
Dutch s;ui'ernmvnt — Joan Anthony van Riebeck, Hth
April ICi.^L'; Zaeharias Wagenaar, ;»th May l()f)2;
Cornelius van Gualberg, 2-Uli October KifiC); Jacob
IJorgborst, IHtb June KiCiS ; Pieter ilackins, 2d June
l')70; Coer.raad van Rreitenback, 1st December
ir,7l; Albert Van Hreugcl, 23d March 1(572;
Vsbrand (ioske, 2d October l(i72; Johan l^at (van
llerentals;, 2d January l(;7r); Hencbrik Crudat, 29th
June D'i7S; Simon van der Stell, I 1th October
IC'T'J; Willem Adriaan van der Stell, 11th February
1('>'.;!»; Johan Cornelis d'Ableing, 3d June 1707;
l.oiiis van Asseinburg, 1st February 170«; Maurits
l'os(pies de (.'bavornnes, 2Mtb March 171-1; Jan de
la Fontaine (Acting^ xtb September 1724; Pieter
Cisliert Xood, 2.'>tb February 1727 ; Jan de la Fon-
taine (Acting), 21th April 172'.); Ditto (Effective),
^<tli March 173(1; Adraan Van Rervel, 14th Novem-
ber 173(); Daniel van den Ilengel, 20tb September
1737; Ilendrik Swellengrcbel, I4lh April 1739;
Ryk Tulbagh, 30th March I7.il; Joachim van Plet-
t
U
( 1
474
CAPF or GOon iinn: -OKonRAPiiv.
trnbinir, I2Mi August 1771; I'K'tcr vmi Kirdo vnn
OiiiltHhoinii idii'd on his piisstiRp tn the colony, on
lionid tin; slilp ' Asia'), JM .Innu.iry 1773; C^oiiiulis
Jncol) viin dc GraalV, 1 Itli I'cliiuary \lKr); Johannes
l.Miak Khcniu.s, -.".ith Juin- 171(1; Ahr. J. SInyskcn
(Coinniissiontr), lid Si'pti'ndiiT I7'JII. I'liili-r Ihr
Urilinh ixiivnniiifnl — .1. II. C'niifr, 1st Si-pti'inhcr
I7!)r); Knil Macnrtni-y, 'il^d May 17l»7; Sir Francis
Dinidns ( l.iinitiiiniit-j:ovirnor) l'lM Novcniln'r I7'.IH;
Sir (k'ori^f YoMu'c, iMtli DiccnilKT 17'.»H; Sir IVniitis
Dundas (LuMiti-niint-fjovcnior), L!Oth Ai)ril Ihoi ;
Jan. Willcm Jasstns fMatavi.m Covcrnor), 1st March
Hn.'j; Sir Oavid Main), 10th January \n(\t'> ; Hon.
II. G. Grey {l.ientpnant-^iovernor), I7tli January
1^*07; Oil 'l'ri>, Karl of Cnli-don, L",'d May 1hI)7;
lion. H. G. Grey (l.ieutenant-jjovernor) .'>th July
JHll; Sir John Francis (,'radock, (ith Septoinber
JHII ; Hon. K. Mcadc (I.icutenatitf^ovcrnor), IMth
lU'ceniher 1hi;<; Lord Charles Henry Somerset, (Uh
i\pril IHlt; Sir Itulane ShnweDonkin I acting during
the absence of Lord ('. Somerset), 1,'Uh January
IHJO; Lord Charles H, Somerset IRetnrned), 1st
December 1H21 ; llichard Hourke (Lieutenant-Go-
vernor), Hth February IHJH; Sir (lalbraith Lowiy
Cole (Governor), G.C.B., (ith AuE;ust 18l's ; Sir H.
D'Urhnn (Ciovernor), 1833; Major-fiencnil Nn|)ier,
18.'?7.
HL Southern Africa is generally composed of chains
of lofty mountains and intervenint; plaii\s anci vnllies,
rxtendins; east and west, excepting one range be-
giiniing at Table May, opposite to Cape Point, and
stretching to the northward along the western coast
about 200 miles, which is as far as Olifant's River.
The first great chain running east and west, has,
along the southern coast, a belt of nniiulating land,
varying from 10 to 30 miles in width, indente<l by
several bays, and intersected by niniurous stream-
lets ; the soil is rich, the hills are well wooded, and
the climate c(|uable and mild, from its proximity to
the ocean.
The next great chain is the '/waarte Pergen or
hUivk MoiDildiim ; more lofty and ruga'd than the
coast chain, (in some places consistiii'j; of double
and treble ranges) and divided from it by an interval of
from 10 to 20 miles wide, the surface of which is very
varied, in some places barren hills iiredominating, in
others naked and i-'id plains of clay, termed by
the colonists the liarroa, wliile widely interspersed
are patches of well watered, fertile and beautiful
grounds.
The third range is the N'ieuwveld's lU rgen ; be-
tween these mountains and the second range is the
Great Karroo, or Desert, an elevated steppe or ter-
race, nearly 300 miles in length from K. to \V. HO
in breadth, and 1,00') feet above the sea, exhibiting
a clayey surface thiniy sprinkled over witii sand,
studded with occasional isolated hills, with here and
there a few stunted shrubs which seldom receive a
friendly shower.
Along the western coast the eoimtry also ascends
in successive terraces, the most elevated of which
(the Roggevel(lt) iniitc:! with the last mentioned
chain of mounfanis, (the Meuwveldt). Indeed the
Roggeveldt Berrien range may be said to commence
in nearly 30 S. latitude, riuining nearly south for
two and a half degrees, when its course is bent to
the E. and subsetpiently to the N. K. until the range
reaches Delagoa Ray, that part of it forming the north
boundary of the Great Karroo, being termed Xieuvv-
velds Bergen.
At the must southern extremity there are several
eminences, the heights and names of which arc
Table Mountain, Icet 3,.'')H2 ; Devil's Peak, It.fl.'i;
Lion's Head, 2,7(10; Lion's Rump, 1,113; Muy!
/enberg, about 2,000; F.lsey Peak, 1,200; Siiiuiii's
Herg, or signal hill, 2, .'lOO ; Piiulusberg, 1,200; Con-
stantia, 3,200; Cape Peak, 1,000; Hanglip Cnpe
l,«00feet.
Cape Town, built innnediately at the foot of Tablo
Mountain, along the shores of Talile Ray, on a iiluin
which rises with an easy ascent towards the miuni-
tain, is regularly constructed, with strai^:lit uiii|
parallel streets intersecting each other at riuht na-
gles, and shaded with elm or oak trees ; the hmisi's
cbietly of red brick or stone, of a good size, nml
generally with a slait/), or terrace, before the dour,
shaded with trees.
The poptdalion of the metro|)olis of South Africa
is at present more than 20,000, of whom nearly
l.'i,000 are white inhabitants — the majority licin;;
Dutch, or of Dutch dt>scent. With the cxcc^iitlim of
Sydney, New South Wales, there is a more I'-n^lish
appearance about Cape Town than any colonial station
I have visited. The sfpiares are well laid out, tin
streets extremely cleiui, the public edilices nuiiurous
and substantial.
The castle situate on the left of the town (enterin"
from Table Ray), is a strong fortification eonnnaiKl-
ing the anchorage, and, if well defended, eapalile of
successful resistance against any force which may lie
brought against it. The fortress is jientagonal, witli
a broad fosse and regular outworks. It contains
within its walls most of the public ollices, and hur-
racks for 1,000 men. There are other works do.
feniling Cn\w Town. Fort Knokke, on the east, is
coiniected with the castle by a rampart called the
sea-lines ; and farther east as Craig's tower ami
battery. On the west side, and surrounding the
Lion's Rump, are Rogge, Amsterdam, and C'liavonne
batteries, all bearing upon the anchorage. The en-
trance of the bay is commanded by a battery calkil
the Mouilli''.
The colonists are indebted to the paternal swav (if
the Karl of Caledon for the laying down of hyilniiiric
pipes, by means of which a plentiful supply of ex-
cellent water is furnished to every |iart of the tdwii,
and ships' boats are supplied at the landing place.
The colony is divided into districts ; thetopogrn|iliy
&c. of each will be found in the 3rd vol. of my Colo-
niid Library.
Port Natal, the Inai/c which the colonists are so de-
sirous that our government should occupy, was pur-
chased in IfiH'.), by order of the Dutch F-ast India Com-
pany, for the sum of 20,000 guilders, who direetid tlic
Governor of the (.'ape of (ioud Hope, M. F. de ('liii-
vonnes, by letter, dated Amsterdam, 23rd Dec. \'\'J,
to form an establishment at Port Natal, and to ImM
it with the purchased territory in its vicinity, as a
dependency of this colony. In lsl4, the Cape nt'
Ciood Hope and its dejiendencics were formally cwkil
by the Dutch to Great I'.ritain. Since the year isjl,
Port Natal has been almost constantly occupied by
British subjects, who resided there with the exiucss
permission of the Governor of this colony.
The pastures of the country are of a character higlily
favourable. It is well wooded with large timber, anil
watered with upwards of 100 rivers and runiiiiis
streams, some of which are larger than the chief rivers
of this colony. The soil is fertile, and has iirodmed
three crops of KaH're and Indian Corn in the year.
The rains are [leriodical, and the climate is cooler tliiin
that of the Cape, and highly salubrious. The bay ul
CAl'K OV GOOD IIOI'K.— GKOI
p,)rt Niital i« nn exceiHliiiKly flnclmrlxmr, but the on.
trniii'iMA imrrow, mill has ii l)nrol'shirtiiii; uniid. Tlicri'
nre nix li'^'f "' wutcidii the l>iii-,\vitli a run ot six ti'i't,
mill at H|iriiii; tiili's the (li'|>tli is It tVi't. [l''roina iiic-
iiiiirial t.i tin' Kini; in Council, piiiyiii'ith.if Nnlal may
Ik' iisiijiii'il II small (jDViTnmrnt ostalilisliini'iit. j
IV. S I'ltlii'in AtVicn is cviili ntly iif ililiiviaM origin;
the I'lirniafioii ot till' pi'iiiiisiila is siillkii'iilly inilicatcil
hv till' stiiictini' ot Tuhlc Mi)iiiitain, wliicli is enn-
II isi'd lit many strata, pili-il on cai'li otiii'i' in lai'.;i'
tiiltiiiar Miassi's lynit; closi' to'^ctluT witlimit any in-
tiTiiu'iliMti- vi'ins of cartliy or otlicr rxhaiuons niiitfi'r.
Thr pliiin ronnil flii' nionntain is a liliic .«r/uv///,v,
riiniii'i!; ill |ianilli'l riilj^i's N. \V. anil S. I'.., anil intcr-
riipti'il 'ly masses of ii lianl lilm' llinty lork.
Till' srIiisliiH rests on a atratnin of stroni; iroii-
coloiiri'il clay, varyin;; from n pule yellow to a ilci'p
red, alioundiiii; with hiown foliated iiiicd, and inter-
Rpi-rsed with immense blocks of y/'i/nz/c, some of tlii'in
criiinhliii ; '"'" frasM-icnts, and otheis hollowed out
as if hy the hand of man, hut really from tlu' operation
of time.
The esperimeiit of boriiisj; in search of coul wiiicli
took (iliu'c under the government of Lord Macartney
nt Wynber'^, a toiiL;iii' of land projeetini; from the
Tfthle Miiinitnin, Rave the followinf; insiL;ht into the
strata of tlie conntry : rani, 2 feet ; lUiii' sad/ii/ nirli,
,") ; ii'liilr .11111111/ rnrk, 'J'i ; a^rri/ sKntUtaiir villi clivj,
•X\ ; cliiictililli'-liniirn miiiiI.iIhiii; 14; litni'isli siiiiiii/
dull, HI, and strinlril siiml, red mid white, containing'
cliiil, 'M; total ll'M feet.
the stratum of coal found on the bunks of n deep
rivulet tlowiii!:; out from the Tis^frhcr^ (a bill that
terminates the istinnns to the eastward) was hori-
zuiital with n .v»//i'/'. stratum of pipe-clay and white
sniulstoiie, and a .vi//<-stiiituiTi of induiatid clay. The
coaly Beam from ten inches to two feet in thickness,
dilfereil in ipiality at various places — soinetiines it
was in lari;e lif;neous blocks with visible truces of the
bark, knots and jirain of timber, mid in the very
middle of these, imbedded pieces of iron pyritfx run-
niiifT through them in crooked veins, or lying in
irremilar lumps. Other (larts of the stnitiini con-
sisted of laminated coal of the nature of tnrf, burnini;
with a clear tlaiuc, and leaving a light white iish ;
the more compact and heavy coal i^uve out a sul-
jiliiirous smell, and left a slaty cuuk with an ochre-
oiis cr'ist. A vein of coal has recently been disco-
vcred near the month of the Kioom Rircr, whieli is
accessible to small craft.
The most distingnisliiiii; feature of the nionntains
(if KiUi'ielanil, is a snpeiincumbent stratum of s.iiul-
stone ; hu^e detnched masses arc found in many
places stamliiif; some feet above thi^ surface of the
earth. The upper part of a mountain visited by the
Rev S. Kay, presented to the eye iinincnse [irecipices
capped with large rhoinboidal tallies and projecting
angles, forming a kind of cornice to the face. On
the sides of the declivities, there was n description of
prismatic qwtrtz vni^tals in a corroded state, and
evidently nnderg ling the process id' decoiniiosition
a cirenmstan-c which is perce[)tiblc in almost all
the ni'juntains of So\!*:b .\frica, and |)r,senting a
fair prospect of a yearly increasing extent of fertile
siiil.
him slniw is everywhere observable in Kaft'rnria,
and likewise considerable rpiantities of oclirr of dif-
ferent kinds, some s|)ecimeiis in a state of impalpable
pnv'jer enclosed in cinstaceous coverings of a red-
dish colour, of tlie hardness and con.sisience of baked
e.ulhenware ; soiuetiiues in siiigU nodules of ai: inch
,0(JY, MINl'.RALOOY AM) SOIL. 'IT')
or two inches iii diatneter, but more frequently in
clusters (d two, three, or four nitdnles coiuieeted by
necks wliicli nre also hollow ; in these stones every
shade of cnlour bus been found eseept the greens,
lint the most I'ominon are those of a pule yi'llow and
chocolate brown.
In the (irnalV Kernel district sonic specimen* of
h'fii and abniidance of liiiirsliiiii' are found ; fossil
remains have also been discoverid (perfect fossil re-
niaiiis of the Miiinmotb .species have been found a
few years since in lleuulorl); iiiiniiinn miiii'tiiin, tii)iiiz
and lilniidstiini' have been met with in the Oran(;e
river, and in some of the N. held cornetcies, .w/^/ic/ic.
The inliiiitc number of large blocks of isolnled stones
that nre to be found in .South Africa, to tlu! very
verg(^ of the Cape promontm'y, are aggregates of
iliiiiil: mid miiii, the tirsi in large iriegnlar masse!!,
and the latter in black lumps, resembling shot ; they
also contain sometimes cnliic pieces of y'c/.v/if/r, nnd
seem to be bound together by plati's of n clayey iron-
stone ; by the action of tlu' air and wruilier, they fall
to pieces In large concentric lumiiiie, become disin-
tegrated, and, tiiKilly Ibrm a soil, at lirst harsh and
stirile, but nielioratid and enriched by time.
The soil tlirom-'hont the colony is very varied, —
in some places a nuked sand, in others u atilf clay,
and in many parts a neb dark vegetable mould;
freipiently the surface appears a dry sand, but on
reiniiving it to the deptli of a few inches, a black
mould is found beneatli ; the stitV dayi'y soil, some-
times red, and sometimes met with of a yellowish
colour, is very fertile when irrig;ited. Th.' i^ast coast
border is generally an alluvinl loam, as is the ea.sc
with many vallies, partiinhiily among the ravines
and windings of the I'isli River.
The surface of theOreat Karroo is diversified ; in
many places it is a stilV brownish coloured clay ; in
some parts a bed of sandstone, crossed with veins of
fat ipiartz, and a kind of ponderous i.on-stone; in
others, a heavy sand, with here and there a blackish
loam. Near the bed of the Uutl'alo lUver, the whole
surface of the country is strewed over with small
IVagments of a deep purple-colonred slate, crumbling
from strata of long parallel ridges, running K. and
W. ; scattered among these fragments are black tn-
inilied stones, having the a|ipearance of voleanic slnv^s
or the srori,,' of an irui furnace; several conical hills,
some truiuated near the top, stand detached from
each oflii r on t!ie plain; and altbongh at first ap-
pearing as if thrown up by volcanic exidosion, yet on
a nearer view of the alternate slriti of i'artli and
sandstune, regularly disposed, exhibiting the etfects
of water, and not of tiro. Some Hat sandy marshes of
the Karroo ar overgrown with rushes, and abound
in springs strongly iinin'egnated with bait, and a
species of «i(/.s()i<^ (^saltwort), grows here in iierfec-
tion ; the snit'ace aro tnd its roots being generally
covered with a line white nitrons (lowder. It is from
this ])lant that the iiih.ibitants make excellent soap,
in c.injunctiiin wiin sheep's I'.it.
From the Lilt/i' l.ouffii fiiawijn, in the On at Kar-
roo, to l)i> lii'fi- valley, there ai'e nearly ,'l() miles of a
continued b; d of solid and arid clay, without a par-
ticle of herbage ; when, smldenly, as by enchantment,
the l)e Boer valley, a plain of si;veral miles in dia-
meter at the base of the Black Mountains, is entered
on, clothed with the mist luxuriant vegetation ; the
water, however, of one of the str'jams which llow
through it, being as briny as that of the English
channel, lieyond this valley the karroo again ex-
paiuU in ail it^} nakcdneaa.
Mi\
■;!•
'1^
47« CAPK OF GOOD HOI'K
Of miiirriil.i IVw hnvc yet lurn ilixcovt'ri'd, — inilicn-
tioiin of colli, ns lu'fori' olmiTVi'd, Imvc Iiihii nu-t with
at tlio Kroom Kivcr niid otliir pliict'it. Ni'nr the
Uii.shiiiiin> Hivcr (lliti'iihii>:(' (linfrii-t), nn I'xti'iisivf
vein of (ilii)ii lins lii-cn recently discovered, which is
pnrtleiiliirly litiiiitiriil in its Htriu'tiire ; tin- colour is
jierfectly white, of ii silky lustre, coiisislinK of delicnte
tihres, of six or einlit inches in leiinth, which run
|iiirnllel, soinetinies |u'r|ien(lieiiliir, and soiuetinies In
nn uudiilnfiii}; dirretion ; the vertical course of the
lllinniiits lieinn directed liy small fniKiiienfs ot i,'reyish
limestone, mid minute pnrtichs of yellow ferru(;inoiic
earth ; these are found near the Imsis of the tender
capillary crystals, which shoot from a thin stratum
of concrete alum, the lower surtnee of which is en.
crusted with yi How clay nnil purtions of hliie lime-
stone. The nliim is very pure and valiiahle as an
article of commerce.
At Cnnitoos liay (:!0 miles W. of Algon liny) a rich
/('(/(/ (/;■(' of the species known hy the name of utilinii
(lead nunernli7.ed with sulphur), has lieen found in
the steep sides of a deep Kleii ; the masses seen by
Mr. Harrow hail no appearance of cubic crystalli);a-
tion, hut were urauuliir or amorphous in some spe-
cies ; the surfaces, in others, ninde u|) of small facets,
called by miners irliih' silrcr my; the vein of the
ore was three inches wide and one thick, increasing
in size as it advanced under the stratum of rock with
which it was covered. The tiiatrir, is a i)unrtozi'
samUtiinn of a yellowish tinge, cellular anil librous,
harsh to the touch and easily broken. This ore,
when assayed by Major Van Dlieii, nn oUieer in the
Dutch service, yieliled from I'OO lbs. weight, 100 lbs.
of pure lend and h oz. of silver.
Mineral waters exist in different places; a few
miles from Graff Keiiiet, there is a spring of cold
water, strongly impregnated with sulphuiatcd hydro-
gen. About live miles from ('radock, in Somerset,
there is a hot mineral spring (thermometir hO de-
grees), which issues from the ground close to the bank
of the Great Fish Kiver, which is here a small stream
about 200 miles from the sea. The taste of the
water much resembles that of the llarrowgate or
Gilsland spa, and it is resorted to for bathing by
invalids labouring under various complaints. The
ground in the vicinity is impregnated with saltpetre,
and considernble (pmntities. of nitre in a pure state
may be collected in the ncigbbouring mountains. At
no great distance from Cradock, near the Bamboo
Mountains, are three salt lakes, similar to those in
the vicinity of Algoa Hay and other parts of the
country, from which the neighbouring colonists suj)-
ply themselves with salt. There are two warm springs
at the village of C'aledon, under the Kleine Swart-
berg, which contain muriate of soda; their heat is 92
degress. These springs are used as baths, and the
water is also taken internally ; they are found bene-
ficial in cases of chronic rheumatism, diseases of the
skin, and scorbutic ulcers. One spring is private
property, where there is good ncconiniodation for
invalids and others visiting the baths ; the other be-
longs to Government, and is let on lease, — the tenant
being bound to allow the free and gratuitous use of
the bath and buildings to poor indigent persons, of
whatever description, producing certificates of inability
to pay. There are two other warm sj)rings in the
district ; one at Cogman's Kloof, also containing a
muriate of soda, the heat of which is 114 degrees;
and one at Roodeberg, containing a small ([uantity of
carbonate of lime, the heat of which i.s 91 degrees.
.— GKOi.OGY, CI.IMNTK,
Several Kingulnr lalt-pnnR oxUt ; inme of them -Jw)
miles from the sen-con«t, and ft, 000 to t'1,0110 |,.,,f
nbovi' the level of the sea, the salt bong hard, iiml
from live to six inches in tbiekness. Tlic Inrgiot ami
tinest salt-pnn is nenr /wartkops Uivei, Algoa |ii,\ .
The soil on all sides of the great /wnrtk>ips sidi.i,.,,,
is n deep vegetabK' earth, in some places ikI, in ntli,.,-^
black, resting on a bed of clay, and without a vestlKc
of salt in Its cotnpoNition.
From the Cape ol (iood Hope along the S. cimst tn
Algoa Hay, a Imiik, with various sounilnigs, prujuts
to a considerable distance from the hinil, culji'il d,,,
bank ot [.agiilliis The S. extremity ol this Imiik is
nearly on the meridian of (npe Vuches nr in loiit;,
22 I'.., and is said to extend to about liTJ S. lat, in
this part ; but a little to the S. of ;W'> S. it tnnvergis
(piiekly, and becomes of a niiirow conic:il i'orin, with
Very deep water on its S. end. The r^oundiiigs to thf
westward id' C'a|(e l.agullas (to the smithward of :i:..i;,
S.j are genernlly of mud ; to the soufhwiuil ni tin.
Cape, freijuently green or other sand; and on tlu
S.F. and eastern parts of the hank to the eastward i>i
Cape l.ngiillas. mostly coral, or coarse muuI, slujjs
and siiiidl stones. This bank is probably the ilrjidsit
of the strong current which net.-i to the S. nnd \V
according to the ilirecti(/n of the bank, and is geiu'.
rally strongest d".ring the winter months, rniiiiiiii;
with the greatest velocity along the verge of the hiiiik
or a little outside of soundings. When opjiosid by
adverse gales, a very high sea is thrown up, wliii h
sometimes lessens tlic strength of the ciiriinf ; tlu'
riipidity of the stream is, however, always less towards
the shore, where the sea is smoother. Hy keejiiiii: on
the edge of the bank, a ship will be carried kii nijlis
a day with an adverse wind round the Cape into the
Atliiiitic; vessels, therefore, trusting to their reekoii.
ing shouhl be mindful of this circumstance,
A more minute iletail of the geological structure ol
this portion of the African continent will be found in
my " Colonial Library," vol. iii.
V. The .seasons at the Cape of Good Mope are the
very opposite of those of England, for example : —
September] f March
October >• Spring. < April
November J [May
December 1 fJiine
•lamiary > Summer. ^ July
February J
March
Autumn.
c
o
o
O
a,
<
April
May
June
July
August
Winter.
ly
August
' September
October
November
December
January
February
3
The S. E. and N. W. winds are the most iirevalcnt
in this hemisphere; the former in summer ami the
latter in winter. The violent gales of wind which
were formerly so fatal to European vessels appear to
have been diminished in their foiee 01 late years, and
large icebergs are now se<'n to the north of the Cape.
In the Eastern districts the moinitain tojis arc occa-
sionally covered with snow, but (d' course, in such
an extent of country, and at different elevations, the
heat varies ; taking Hottentots Holland in the Cape
district as a fair criterion for tlie elevated country,
the following nieteondogical register, from the Army
Medical Hoard Oflice, indicates the state of the wea-
ther throughout the year, Cape Town of course being
warmer.
Mlllltll:^.
Jiuiiiary .
I'elinnuy
March .
.April
May
June
Jidy
.\iigust .
.Scpteinber
Octolier
.Niiveinher
lieceinber
Mn. & Total!
Haroinefer
Tlierinonu
The healtl
till' fact, tlia
at llottentnt
was (inly five
one an old i
uf whom died
child, (lied si
liiiriit ; and t
jirliicipally of
liciature of Ci
iiiiity to Tabli
^'ical journal
tini|perature c
hottest, 79. ;
three siiininer
iner, fi3. Tlu
liosch, deduci
twelvemonth,
III this colo
the warm clii
c
Years.
Mai
1797
1807
13C
IHIO
1 f,"
lsi.3
177
1817
207
1820
22.')
1823
2. '■.4
183,'!
508
i8;i(; I ..
* Ifiidert
various class
CAI'K OV GOOD HOPK.— C[,IMATi;. POPULATION.
477
pi' lire till'
iiilili' ; —
pri'va'.cnt
■ aiul the
ind wliiili
uppcar to
yi'iiis, anil
tlic Cape.
arc occii-
', in such
itions, the
tlie Cape
country,
tlie Army
tlie wea-
rse bcini:
Muntlii.
Wind.
Dtyi.
B
a
Jiiniinry. •
Kcbrtmry .
March . .
April . .
May
June ■ '
July .
Aumist .
SiptenihtT
(Jcti>i)cr
Novcinlicr
December
:)!l.!)0
(il.U3
r.o.'ji
rta.yi
53.HH
47.82
4r..H0
4i».H3
,')2.H1»
PtI.U)
S.K.
Ditto.
Ditto.
Ditto Jt N.W,
N.W.
Ditto.
Mn.&Totnlj ."ifi.'JO
N. nnd N.W.
Ditto.
S.K.
N.W.
N.W. «c S.K.
S.K.
8
7
.5
11
^i
41
13
•J
4
2
1..
Kcmnrkt at iluttentuts liulland,
9
.')
'J
8
15
4
10
1'.)
Itl
14
l.'.
11
If)
21
18
21
21
UC,
•2'J
Dry mill \M\r"i, iiernsioiml Hhowcrs, with N.W. wiiuln.
Ti'inpiratiiri' vuriabk', lienvy rniiis iKTa.Hionnlly, with
I N.W, winds.
Stniiit; >;alr N.W., tliiiiulcr, lli;lit Hliowerit,
lloiivy Kiiii"*, ti'm|iir»tiirc viuiabli'.
Kiiii' early in the inoiith, thuutler Ktoritts,
Strong' •.;nlis oceasioniilly S.K, nnd N.K., rain, thundci
I nnil ll^htiiin^v
Frcf|iu'nt gnhs, cold, frost, snow, Imil, nnd rain.
Ditto ditto ditto.
Wi'ather varinhle and mild.
Ilcnvy ruin, anil lii^litnin;: and tluinilcr.
Warm dry weatlur.
Light hrtczi's from N.W., dry and warm.
no 230
Jnn,
Hnronicter . . 30.13
'I'liermometer 7(')
Monthly ^fmn at Cope Town for Four i'l'dis
I'VI). March April May
30.11 30. IM :<() 1 I ■M).-2\
TJ "< r.7 (■)2
The healthiness of the C^npc district is evinced hy
the t'aet, that in 1830, out of a poimiation of l,.''i()(»,
at Hottentots Holland, the total niiniher of deaths
was only live ; of wliiuh four wiTe colomi'il persons,
(iiie an old Mozuinhiiiner, another an old slave, both
irr whom died of chronic diseases ; the third "■ yiiunj;
ehihl, ilieil suddenly; the fourth, n KallVe girl, was
hiinit ; and the lifth, a Kuropean (gentleman of ,^(),
prineiiially of a mental aH'cction. The mean tein-
perntnrc of Cape Town (which is heated hy its prox-
imity to Table Mountain) inferred from a meteorolo-
[.'iral journal kept for stvcnil years, is 07^. The mean
tiiiiperature ol the coldest month is, perhaps, 57.;
iiottest, 7'J. ; mean of three recent winters, 58. ; of
three sinnnicr months, 77.; least heat during suni-
nier, 03. The temperature of the district of Stellen-
hosch, deduced from the observations of a single
twelvemonth, is (ICl. ; CAiremes, 87. and 50.
In this colony, ns in the S. of Kurope, and most of
the warm climates of a temperate zone, the wi.:d
.lune
Jiilv
Alls.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov,
Dec.
30. 1 ;t
30. JH
30.25
30.22
30 22
30.L'
3o.ir>
57 2-3
57',
(->()
(-.3
(;,3
73. i
75
commonly blows cold in .siimnier, at the same time
that the sun shines powerfully. It is this cireumstance
which distinguishes a wurni from n hot climate. —
(See "C'oloiiiul Library.")
VI. South .\frica, wlun first visited by the Portu-
guese, Dutch, and Knglish, was, cmisiilering the
country and barbarous state of the inhabitants, ex-
tensively peopled hy a race of Hottentots, wlio, from
being masters of the soil, became in a short time the
servants of the Dutch settlers, and, as in the West
Indies and North America, saiil; before the white
race; their numbers, though still considerable (up-
wards of 3ii,()ii()), biing very much reduced.
The tirst authentic account of the state of the co-
lony is furnished by the Opi>i:'iJf' ov ta.v lists for 17!)8,
when till' Cajjc was in our possession, ind the returns
were reiiuircd to be made for the first time on oath.
According to the Oppgalf returns, the population
from 1797 to 1807 had augmented upwards of 10,000.
Its progress at intervals is thus shewn : —
I'opulation
of the Cnpu of Gooil Hope exclusive of Military.
Christians.*
Free Blacks.
Hottentots.
Negro
Apprentices.
Slaves.
^ears.
Total.
Males.
Females.
Males,
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
Males.
Females.
17'.»7
^
61947
IH07
13624
11990
529
605
849f)
8935
, ,
18990
10313
73482
1810
lfi.')4f>
14r,48
, ,
, ,
9553
10302
, ,
18873
10521
80443
IKl,-)
17714
141,54
, ,
993(;
10250
. ,
19 2:; 8
11081
82373
1«I7
20750
18884
918
958
1 1 ()40
1 1 796
411
132
19481
12565
77535
1820
22592
20505
905
1027
13445
13530
1061
492
19081
12968
105336
18L>3
2.5487
23212
891
1098
15336
1.5213
1118
652
19786
13412
116205
1833
.50881
45210
19378
14244
129713
!8:)(;
No dis
tmclions.
19109
16687
1501 10
* Under this denomination there are free coloured people as well Uo
various classes of inhabitants, see " Colonial Library," vol. iii.
.whites. — For a description of the
\i
M
t. '
47H
CAI'K Ol' (JOOI)
liOi'K.-
-J'Ol'ULATiON.
PopulntUm of the Capo of (looil Hope. [11. U.
isas.]
i
WllltCH.
Apprcii-
ticeg.
Total.
II
Sol
Pernons einployeil in
c3
1*
IS-
DUtrict-s.
tj
V
0)
. "
^
.
r
<
■3
a
a
Eh
4J
•a
B
10000
AKrl^'oHiiru.
l.VIO
St
Mi.Mi
=5
1
it
a
Capo Town, .
Di
•irra
<••-•()!)
I'nili Hneil
•jorM
1 K.^o
1,-il ;«:
Va\<v DUtrict
:iSH4
4;ii!(l
»|Mll
•j.'ih:i
xvi;
(i!l4:i
(i'.i:t7
•J.iO
4
lio:io
tile
:ior
;iif .iii;
Sti'llvnbusL'li
■2-JHO
:t!ir;
M.'iOl
.'i.'iOd
400(1
y4r;
r.'.ol
HO
71
40110
:ioo
Hu
■in
lOH 1,-||
j The wlinle pupiiLilinnl
Worcester . .
124 inn
•i07»
;ii).'.(i
IHI)0
I.VMl
;i!i()0
4(i.^.^
:i-HtbH
1 In rn;pl<i\'t-(l i'lthiT 1
•-'74
40 'if.-:
Clnnwlllinni
IHOII
:<iiii(i
;<4(iii
M\)
.^o()
410!)
:iU0li
••
4-<ltllh
n* nuricultiiriiitit or (
. Kiii/ltrs. J
:u,'.
aa iMi
Swi'lU'iK'.nm
rfiirt
ri-'!i
li,-.'.'.
ir:i4
\M\r,
Hs(i:i
H'.MIO
•J :i ;tlis
Nearly oil.
HO; .^l
.'iSJ
117 31)1
CJi'iirco . . .
'IIKI'i
:ilM
W.I 1
110(1
IO(iH
4-J:II
;i!ltiJ
70
•1
m;o;i
:iiM
•."J
•jii.i
77 10
ritiMihitKO • .
Hillill
.^ 1 M
4ih;.
;v;
(i;j
.iHiia
•M.sr
!»rt
U
4:l!l,S
710
7f':
.11111
7(i Vi
Albany .. ..
ini'i
(iddo
.'i.'iOl'
lILt
\M
(ilO.'i
M)<:\
*
rtj
llO'ja
soil
iron
run
1)0 1 1.10
SoniorM't
;i(iH
(iaiio
.■l(i(lll
!)»»
Nllll
r'joii
(iliio
*
1 ; .stlis
1 JjlliO
..
;»!■
lOllll
101, l:a
[■ The wliole poi'iilalion 1
(irnatTKcliiet
Ifi.MIU
A4IM
■•171
lou'i
050
rsi;
H4-JI
l.'.7.'i
<J-IOtllS
l« eMipUi>eil hi acil- }
.'.0.1
la.1 ;iil
eiilliire.
1
lli-nufoit ....
I(|J(I4
S!(i!)'J
•Jfi'.'.'S
•JH.'i
lil4Uil
■JHIi
iOAm;
•J!i;;
rO!i»r
ami
7:11 a;)
5!)
i-:iril
•ill 4.1
;ir;i:l
ao
Min 1
<:•' ill
Total ..
llU'iSO)
,^^1;(^ .'i(i»:i(i
hiileter-
1 l-Jril
Nearly nil.
ioo;a4SH
minnte.
* riic n-.s
(lent Rl
riuiBe
rs 111
tlieno
(llHtri
.•tH bo
long to tt'iPH beyond the boundaricR. Numbers o
1 llieiii 111
•in Mil'
Tilt" niimlii'r of nmutiis to the scumro milo in tlic
C'npi" District, iiu'liKlm;; l'ii|ii' 'rowii, is hut iiiiu' ; in
Stfllenlioscli, .si'vi'n ; in Wuii'i'stcr tlu'ic iiro iii'iiily
tluTi' siiuaio niik'.s to eneli iiiiliviiliml , in ("liin-Wil
limn moio tlmn two ; in Sweili'iidiini and Cii'dvui' tlu'io
arc two mouths to eiich s(|iiiiii' mile ; in l'iti'iihii);e,
little inoii" llinn one; in Alhany, six; in Somerset,
nearly two ; in Cirall" Keinet, not (|uite one; and in
Ueaufort there are luarly three si|iiiire miles to eaeli
iiiriividiial. The total proportion ol' population to
nrea is ahont one person to eiii'h .sipiaie mile. 'I'he
])roportion of hirtlis to deaths, in l«;i(i, wn.s more
tlmn two to one.
Niiiiiher of I'ersons who have emigrated from the
United Kinplom to the C'api' of (Jood Hope, Isu'l,
4(M ; lHi!2, l;):.'; IHj:), IHI; IH-.M, ll'.l; \H2:>, III;
IHUr., lie. ; IN27, 111; IHL'S, la.-) ; IHL'i.l, 1117; 1 HIU),
1!II4; l«;U, 111; Ih:V2, llMl.
Aceonnt of the nunilier of (Children introdiieetl into
this eolony by the Children's Friend Soeiety, sinee
the year ISHU; 183.1, C.;* males; 1h;M, '.17 males, 2'.I
femnlAt ; l,><;i;'i, .'ll'i males, lU fi'males ; 18:t("i,'.l7 males;
1h;I7, I jo males, X, females; total, 4 111 males, ;).•>
females ; irrand total, .Ml.
riie KatlVe tribes of whom a detailed deseiiptionwill
lie found in Vol. III., {'oloiiiol Library, may now be
j'onsiilered as divided into six |;reat divi.'ion : viz. the
Mamboiikies or Amiipondas, under Kakii ; the Ama-
ti'iubu or Tenibookies, lately under Voosani, (now
deeeasi'd). The .Viiiakosa, lali'ly under — Isl lliiitza,
2(1 (iaika, :<(! T'slamliie, Itli I'alo, Kama, and (obus.
Trom the best information that ean be obtained, the
total popiiliition, luiteceilent to the late war, was as
follows: — I'oiiiilation of Kall'niria in IHIIl. — Nation,
Ainpondii, liien, :<:<,0(I0; women and eliildren, KI2,0(UI;
total, IC.'i.OOO. Ditto Aniateiiilui, men, li.',(IOt) ; wo-
men and ehiUUen, 48,(100 , total, bii,(i(iO.
.\ stiiteinciit of tile iiiiniber of Slaves for svlinni intiiin'ii-
!<a'ii>ii liOH been rliilnieil, 1111(1 of (lie iiiini'ioi ol i-l.imi'.
prelerreil f.ir siieli eoMiiiensulioii, iimiI mI tin' iiiiiniiiil m
eoiupeiit:i(uin awarded in eiieli ol tlirehisM'-. ol piiviliiil
iiKaeliril, piie.li.il-iiiiattaelit'il, ami noii.|ira'iliai. ; I'.u
liniiieiitary nliirii to (be House of Lords, Mauii, l'.,is.'
Cliissos.
No. of
Slaves in
eachcla-s'.
ill
f.
:ii|S
■J.MllH
a:ll
IIILM
10;
(il'JIi
.Kill:)
:(o.i!i.i 1
,i:ia.i
ISHIliS
1 iiin
77:i|l(i
llxt
40. '7,1
ao
7i»i
a:l
!i:i7
.laiii
a4.i;a.i
!»H4a
asiiiiiH
.ir:ij
:i;hl:i
Hllll
,'.0H7
Total.
No. of Mine
iir?,',
Ainiuiiil,
.*, .ui'.'iir.
N'o, nr,slivtN
I, MM
,\nipiiul,
,1 (i;ii;ss.
1 1 end I'l'Dple . .
rrailesnii'ii ....
Iiiletior illlto ..
Field Labourers
Inleri(>r ditto ..
Mead People.. ..
rrailesineii ....
Inferior ilitto
I'll Id Liilionrers
liileiliir ditto ..
Mead rrade.iiien
hileri.ir (lltio .,
Ileiid 1*, eniplox
ed on wliarls,
sliippiiiK, or
oilier avoea
tintis
Iiif, I'l-ople ditto
lleail llDiuesties
Interior ditto ,,
Clilldreii under
Mix years of
ai,-e !iii the 1st
lleeeiiilier lK:tl
,\Ked, dlstiiKed,
or otlieruise
non-ell.eiive .
Number of elaiuis liuvini; rilereii.e to eiieli iluUu'ii.
Plivdial Attaehed, 0; I'riudial t'liall.ielied, i.ilJ; .V"n-
I'rivdial, 4,so:i.
The compamtive small nuiiiher of Held lahonieis 111
the lueeediiij; ritiirn is explained by the eol.niy iiul
beim; " »"(;»'■ "I lollVe Heilleiiieiil
I'eil Kli/,iil)clli
Ill
a^7
'li \M
Sl.Ui'
IMllll,
I' Sl.lVl'S
iMlllt,
"ss.
l\iM"ll.
. N>M1.
iri'is ill
illV lull
VM'i: or Cionn iiopk itriiniox.
Vll. Clmri-l\os, l,lviiiK-«, \o. of llir Ciipo dl Udd.I 1Ioi«'. I H H. M.lli.
•I7!>
NniiK'nf till'
I'lirlsli, In
xvliiil CiMiiily
„r lUslrlfl.
;l|\ii TNll'Ilt 111
M| Mll^•^'.*
n
•:: a.
tii|ii'
(It M|.
■rowii,
ill's
l-Xll'llt.
:iHO(i
IIIIIO
Vivliio (if
l.ivlnir.
1st. Ministn,
11111/ , -jiKl :i(Mi/
:inl mu.
OittU.
1st MliilNtor.
l:i/. Il\. (i(/.,
•iin{ ditto
Vaciiiit, sill.
'.'0(1/. pel- nil.
iiiiiii.
•Jill)/.
(npc District
■j,,ssi si[. inili'N
III I'XiCllt.
Wjiil'i'ftf-
■ryci'iluTfir.
siiiHiir»T(>»ii
/.wnrllnnil.
Ciri'i'ii KUidf.
Stillonhonrli,
'J.'.'Sd si|. miles
in i-Mi'iil.
Sk'llciiliiiscli.
I'nurl.
llullcntdts.
lldlliMitl.
Wiirrcs' :r,
4'J,m S(i miU's
III cxtt'iil
Worci'httr.
TiillmKli.
(lull
'jniio
711(1(1
40(1
Swfl
illlam
llnulHni.
;iilH »(|. miles
in cvlciil.
Sw('lli'iu'|-.ni..
CnU'iloii . . . .
(il'dtltC.
l(i:i'J si|. niili's
III I'Vll'Ilt,
(icnrico . .
rili'nlin){c.
•.IIIIIO )1(|. Illlics
111 I'xinit.
I IICIlllHKC
I'dil Kll/alii'tli
•JOO
MIIN
(too
toon
ii;ni
.■i;i,-'j
H.'.dll
UK);.
lO'JH
KO/.
■iml.
.'(.Ml/.
'.'Oil/.
Mdinviiiii
MlHHlonnricH.
:iiio/.
'."«0/.
son/.
'HHU.
1st Mills. 1(111/
■Jllll (Id. 1(10/.
•imu.
-Jdii/.
!l(l(l/.
'iOUl.
•2(111/.
•2mu.
rliiircli wluTo
Rtlimti'd, nnil tlu<
nuuilicr Ki inTMiiis
It will l-dlltlllll.
Mile v(r
III NowRtrri'l,
CillK' Tiio'il, 1,100
IH'l'SdllS. (Ai
III C'a|i(' Town,
l.lioo.
SI. Aiidicw's
Climcli, slldiitr
III .Sumcrsi'l Kdiiil
Civpi' Town,
.'illO.
At Wyiilicrir.
will coiitiiln iilioiit
o
- :-, fir
lliiiii
»M
li'Ki'
.1(10.
At till- Vi
D'Klrliiin, iifiir
rv^rcrlu'rtr, will
(•Ollllllll 400.
Vido liciiialks
At IMnliiU'slmiy,
At Sli'lloiilicscli,
iinil will ('(ifiliilii
Nllll.
At tlu' IMhiI,
1 100.
Ill tlic vllliinc of
.soinrrHi't, :liio.
Worci'sli'v,
too.
Ill till' vllliiiri' (if
1'iilliiii;li, 100.
:\l (lull Wlllilllll
:ioil.
At Swcllciidiiiii,
.Mill.
Ill IllO vIMiiH-c ol
CiiU'doii, •JilO.
Ill till- villiiiro of
(icolKC, :I0(I.
At litt'liliiiKi',
•idil.
.SI. Miiry's cliiircli
iitl'oitKli/.alii'tli,
Cliiipi-I wlu'ic
Nitiiiitcd, niid IllO
No. of I'l rsoii > it
will I'Olltlllll.
400
1(10
Soo Noto ti/'
WyiiiliiTK;,
l.'iO.
is I
•*• = '.
C ii
. ti *
Al Simon's Town
:iO(l.
At (irooii Kloir,
IllO.
rrolostiuil
or Koiuiiii
Clltllol .
Iliilcli ('111-
viiiiistlo,
KiikIIsIi K|iIs
oopiillilii.
I.iitllii. (I'l
11. (Nithollo
.Soollisli
I'rotdiyti'rliiii
KukIIsIi
K|ilso(>piillnii
niiloli Col-
vlnlsllo (/)
Ditto.
•JOO
KiiKllsh
Kpl-
Ciilvliilstlo
.')
I'lolo.stiillt.
imtoli Cti!
vliilstio.
Dlito.
Ditto.
Illtti
Dllln
Ditto.
Ditto.
nlltn.
Dillo.
into.
Ii'lit. ..(
I'lplsOiplll.
Sis
^ ••-.
Ur)
li»)
1 <i)
:iiAl
I i'l
1.(1)
-tv")
1 1 /'I
;i (7I
I >!•)
.i>«)
• Tlicro Hio no illiilliict l'«rl«lio<i, tlio oxtont of Coiiiity iillnclicd to iiiiy piiilloiiliir Cliiiroli Ih'Ihk mosllv dotliK d liy
'M
J. I
f ■ ">
•■• ■ 1
. .i.'y
liMiil I iri'miistiuu'on.
ri'muollvoclmrolu's.
f Tlio imiiiliirH liorc limortcd, mo llioKOof (lie iirisoiis Hiippimod to lio alliioliid to llio
: Tlio itU'lio lioro iiudor-moiilidiii'.l i« kh'i'^'i Kio'iml iiUiicluil to tlio I'lUsoiiaK*-'-
4fiO
Continued.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— RELIGION.
Churches, Livings, &c. , of Cape of Ooud Hope. [B. I). 1836.]
Name of the
Parish, in
what Pdunty
or restrict,
and extent in
Sq. Miles.
OS
O N
Value Of
Living.
u
i
5
Church where
situated, and the
No. of Persons it
will contain.
No.ofPersons
generally
attending.
Chapel, where
situated and the
No. of Persons it
will contain.
a
1
Protestant
or Roman
Catholic.
1^-
=
Graaff Reinel.
■
4400 sq. miles
in extent.
Graaff Reinet
uooo
300/.
I
1
In the town of
Graaff Reinet,
1400.
450
In the town of
Graaff Heinet,
600.
250
DHtch(/)
Calviuistic.
Colesberg . .
5000
200{.
I
1
At Colesberg, 100.
75
..
..
Ditto.
Beaufort . . . .
4500
200/.
, ,
At Beaufort, 700.
130
• . . .
,,
Ditto.
Albany.
1792 sq. miles
in extpnt.
Graham's Tn.
4800
200/.
1
1
At Graham's
420
* . t .
English
H(")
Town, 700.
Episcopal.
Bathurst
1300
200/.
1
1
At Bathurst, 300.
100
• • • .
Ditto.
Fish River . .
1100
37/. 10s.
••
•• ••
100
.. ..
••
Dutch fr)
Calvinistic.
Kat River . .
3300
200/.
, ,
At Balfour, 300.
150
. .
. ,
Ditto.
Salem . . . .
1050
75/.
, ,
,.
In the village of
150
Wesleyan.
Salem, 250.
Somerset . .
7000
200/.
1
1
The buildings will
contain, 200.
150
.. ..
Dntchftt')
Calvinistic.
.,
Cradock
7100
200/.
1
1
At Cradock, 700.
180
Scotch Prcs-
byterian and
••
Dutch Cal-
vinistic (.!■)
Glen Lynden ,
750
100/.
1
1
15
At Glenlynden,
250.
70
..
••
Ditto.
••
Total, 819922i
135416
7056/. 14«. 6d.
24
15350
8905
18000
720
3
42
sq. miles.
(«) The old church having been found insecure,
and having in consequence been pulled down, divine
service is performed in the Lutheran Church which
will contain about IfiOO persons. The dissenting
places of worship arc two belonging to the Indepen-
dents, and one to the \Ves)pyans.
(6) Morning and evening service is performed in
the English Episcopalian Church (St. George's).
The children of the English poor, free blacks, and ap-
prentices are catechized in the government free
school in.Kerrom Street every Sunday.
((•) The senior miiiister of the Lutheran Church
receives a stipend from the community of l.'JO/. per
annum, and enjoys other advantages, the second has
also an annual allowance of 100/.
((Z) The Rev. Mr. Moral who had acted as Catholic
priest, during the absence on leave of the Rev. Mr.
Fishton (since deceased) has left the colony. The
living is therefore vacant. The Roman Catholic
Chapel, situated in the Hintenkant, Cape Town, has
during the late season been reduced to a heap of
ruins, nor is there any immediate prospect of its
being rebuilt. The arrival of a bishop and two
pric'ts who are shortly expected, will probably
mature any plan, that may be in contemplation for
the erection of a new place of worship.
((') The dissenting jjlace of worship belongs to the
■Wesleyans, it is situated near Wynberg and contains
:200 persons.
(/) The minister is paid by the community.
(i,') The chaplain, has an allowance of 52/. per
annum from the navy. The service forthf Episcopal
community at Simon's Town is performed in the Wes-
leyan Chapel, for which Government pays an annual
rent of TjO/. It will contain 300 persons. The Epis-
copal Church, when finished will contain 400 persons.
(/() Three Missionaries officiate alternately.
(i) The dissenting place of worship is suiiported liy
individuals, for the religious instruction of apprentias
and persons of colour. It will contain 40(i, and I'lO
usually attend, Mr. Luckof of the German Missionary
Society gives instruction here.
{k) One of these dissenting places of wo'ship, is
situated at the Paarl, and another in Wagon maker's
valley; they were erected by private individuals for
the instruction of slaves ; each wdl contain 300 per-
sons. Mr. Elliot of the London Missionary Society,
officiates at the Paarl, and Mr. Bisscux of the Mis-
sionary Society of Paris, in the other. The tlvrd dis-
senting place of worship is situated at lMaiis':iie Hock,
it will contain 100 persons, but there is \w missionary.
(/) The Wesleyans have a chapel, which will con-
tain 130 persons.
(w) A Missionary resides at Worcester and in-
structs the coloured population.
(«) Two missionaries reside atTulbagh and give re-
ligious instruction to the heathen.
(0) There are four Missionary Institutions in the
district of Clan-William, one at the Cedcrborciue, one
in the Kamisberg, one in Minaciuoislaiiii, and one at
the mouth of the 01i|)hant River. Tlifv arc con-
ducted by persons sent out from the dilfcrent societies
in Europe.
[li) The dissenting place of worship is the chapel
at the Caledon Institution, belonging to the London
Missionary Society, at which f^'iX i)crsons reside.
(7) The dissenting places of worship, arc chapels at
the Moravian Establishments at Guadrnthiil, where
1,454 persons reside, and at a branch of that Esta-
bli'-luuent at Elim, to which 3 1 persons are attached,
and a chapel at the Leper Institution at Uemelen
Aardcs, where there are generally from 80 to 100
patients,
performs
('•) A
plrted, wh
Dissentiiifi
tion of the|
there will
divine servl
(s) TheiT
each of th|
Elizabeth,
have a Misl
Missionary f
(/) Previ|
minister, th
times a yeai
1,000 attenl
(«) The (
District
Ca]^e. Town
Cape Town
Cape Distrii
Wynberg .
^; on's Towi
. ; jrbeng
Malmesbury .
Groenekloof .
StMenhosch
Stellenbosch .
Hottentots H
land.
Paarl . .. .
Worcester.
Worcester .
Tulbagh . .
Clan William
Swellendam,
Swellendam .
Caledon . .
George.
George . ,
• The sum
expenses paid I
J Vacant.
CAPE OF GOOD MOPE.— RELIGION', EnUCATION.
4HI
^
'a
Q
"is
M(»)
42
[itely.
supportod l.iy
|t' approntict.s
0(1, ami l,i()
\ Missionary
WD'sliip, is
\s;()iiniakcr's
liviiluals I'or
kin 300 per-
|ary Society,
)f tlie Mis-
lic tliird dis-
|is':lic Hocii,
1 missionary.
:\\ will cun-
|er and in-
lind give rc-
lons in the
liorciiR'.onc
land one at
arc con-
lit societies
[the ciiapcl
lie London
Icside.
1 chajiplsat
llial, wlicre
lliat I'lsta-
> attaciicd,
Ileinelen
VO to 100
patients, at which a Missionary from Gnadenthal
performs Divine Service.
I/) A church is now building and almost com-
pleted, which will contain about 1,200 persons. The
Dissentins iilace of worship is at Pacalkdorp, a sta-
tion of the London Missionary Society. The chapel
there will contain 200 persons. The attendants at
divine service are Hottentots.
(si There is a London Missionary Institution at
each of the following places, viz. Bethelsdorp, Port
Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Hankey. The Moravians
have a Missionary station at Enon. Each of these
Missionary Institutions is frequented by Hottentots.
(<) Previous to the appointment of the present
minister, the minister of Graatfc Reinet officiated four
times a year to administer the sacrament, when about
1,000 attended.
(u) The dissenting places of worship in this dis-
trict, are : 1 Independent, 1 Baptist, and 2 Wesleyan
Chapels at Graham's Town ; 1 Wesleyan at Kat
River ; 1 ditto at Salem ; I ditto at Port Francis ;
1 ditto at Wesley Mount; 1 ditto at Clumber; 1
ditto at Bathurst ; 1 ditto at Manley's Flat; I ditto
at Greenfontein, and the London Missionary Society
at Theopolis. The Rev. Mr. Heavyside officiates as
chaplain at Graham's Town, and receives for that
duty a portion of the salary of the mmister there.
((') The minister of Somerset, performs Divine
Service for the Dutch community at Albany once a
quarter in the English Church at Graham's Town.
(«') Mr. Morgan acts as minister of the Dutch
Reformed Community in Albany.
(x) The Dutch ministers, by occasional visits to
the distant parts of their extensive parishes, remedy
in some degree the inconvenience caused by the re-
raotenessof the residences of the people from the church .
VIII. Schools, &c
of the Cape of Good Hope. [B
. B. 1836.;
1
If supported by
Public or Free
N
umber
Gov. or voluntary
Expenses
of each
Srhnni
District.
School, and where
situated.
of Scholars.
Mode of
Instruction.
contributions, and
amount of each.
1
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Govmt.
Vol. Con.
k7V>lILIUl •
>
C«/'« Town Dis.
£. s.
£. «.
: £. s.
Cape Town . .
Free school, in Keerom-
street.
Ditto in Nieuwe-street.
188
79
267
§
Bell's,
ditto.
» 60
100
t 7
{a)
■
School for free persons
14
85
99
Usual method.
IS
{!>)
of colour, Long-street
Ditto in Keerom-street.
28
18
46
ditto.
18
Cape District.
■Wynberg . . .
Free school in the village
18
10
28
ditto.
40 9
Sii.on'sTown .
Free school.
66
64
130
Bell's.
60
;; jrbe»g . .
Public school at the vil-
lage of D'Urban.
10
10
20
Usual method.
30
(<■)
Malmesbury . .
Ditto at the village.
10
7
17
ditto.
30
Groenekloof . .
Public and infant school
114
122
236
Lar.casterian.
•
•
(d) 12
SteUenbosch.
Stellenboseh . .
Free school in the village
21
16
37
ditto.
85
.
(e)27
7
Hottentots Hol-
Free school in the village
l.'i
2
17
Usual method.
60
,
(/) •
1
land.
of Somerset
Paarl . . . .
.
.
•
•
.
.
•
12
Worcester.
Worcester . .
Free school in the village
20
2
00
Lancasterian.
80
(ff)22 10
1
Tulbagh . . .
Ditto ditto
5
5
10
ditto.
50
, ,
1
Clan William .
Ditto ditto
16
14
30
ditto.
80
,
(A) 22 10
Dutch schoolintheWard
4
1
5
Usual method.
22 10
(0
Hantam.
Ditto in Namago island.
4
3
7
ditto.
22 10
Swellendam.
Swellendam . .
Free school in the village
§
Lancasterian.
75
(*)
Dutch ditto.
17
16
33
Usual method.
Caledon . . .
Free school in the village
25
15
40
Lancasterian.
65
, ^
(0 30
Dutch ditto.
18
7
25
Usual method.
9
George.
George . . .
School jn the village.
29
21
50
Lancasterian.
80
22 10
* The sums in this column are the salaries paid the masters. f Under this head are included all
expenses paid by government. X The sums here inserted are the contingencies paid by government.
j Vacant.
3 q
;i\ I ' ,
E 9* ;*♦«
i.^< ^
482
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— EPIICATION.
Schools, &c., of the Cape of Good Hope front inumij.
(a) The expensps are defrayed from the funds of
the Bible and School Commission, and consist in
various petty charges for chalk, brooms, cleaning, &c.
(b) These masters are engaged in the instruction of
free persons of colour, who may be desirous of being
baptized, either in the Dutch reformed or Lutheran
faith : the schools are open every week day from four
to five p. M.
(r) The want of a schoolmaster capable of giving
instruction in the English language is much felt.
This want might be supplied if funds could be found
for the erection of a school-house.
{(l) The expenses of these schools are defrayed by
the Moravian Mission.
(e) The teacher receives 27/. per annum for house
rent, which is included in the expenses.
(/) The school mentioned in the last column is a
public school f^not a free school) for instruction in
the Dutch language : 12 scholars attend.
(jf) The expenses are for house rent.
(h) The expenses are for house rent.
(?) The object of the foundation of these schools is
to afford religious instruction to children living at a
remote distance from any church, and to give elemen-
tary instruction in the English and Dutch languages.
A few of the inhabitants have private schools.
(k) The annual expense for house rent has not
been incurred. The master is the church clerk, and
receives a salary of 30/. per annum on condition of
keeping a school, which is held in the house occupied
by him as church clerk.
{/) The expenses are for house rent. In addition
to the charge for house rent, government furnishes
these schools with forms, desks, &c. Reading and
spelling lessons, slates, and other school materials
have been supplied by the School Commission in Cape
Town. There are Dutch private schools in the village
of Swellendam andCaledon. There are |)rivate schools
for Hottentots, viz. : — at Gnadenthal, two Sunday
schools for persons above seven years of age, two
daily schools for girls and boys, and an infant school
supported by the Moravian Missionaries ; at Elim,
one daily school and an infant school ; at the Cajcilon
Institution (Zuurbrak), one daily school for children,
and an infant school supported by the Loudon Mis-
sionary Society. Many persons engage private school-
masters at their own houses, and the children of the
neighbourhood generally attend there for instruction.
The number of these private school-mastcrs in the
district is between 30 and 40, and about 250 children
attend them.
(m) The 22/. 1 0*. is a charge for house rent. Go-
vernment is also at an expense of 'M. Is. Cid. per
month for the hire of a school room. There is an
infant school sujjported by voluntary contributions.
The house and school rooms, being i)ublic property,
are kept in repair by government. Desks, forms, &c.
are supplied when required. There is a school at
Pacaltsdorp, in the district of George ; and one at
Bethelsdorp, at Hankey, and at Enon, in the district
of Uitenhage, for the children of the Hottentots be-
longing to those institutions which are supported hy
the respective missions. In the town of Uitenhage
there is also a school for free persons of colour, kept
in a building belonging to government. The teacher
of it is also church clerk, for which he receives 25!,
per annum from the church funds.
(n) The total number of scholars instructed in the
private -.chools is 123 males and 122 females. There
are several private schools in the several field cornct-
cies of this district, but they are not prrmanent, a
teacher being occasionally employed for short periods
in a family. The appointment of teacher has been
vacant since the resignation of the late master in
November, 183.').
(o) The expense is for house rent.
(p) The expense is for house rent.
(7) The expense is for house rent.
(r) The expense is for house rent.
Public or Free
School, and where
situated.
^
of
Mode of
Instruction.
If supported by
Gov. or voluntary
contributions, and
amount of each.
7)
District.
umber
Scholars.
Expenses
of each
School.
§
1)
13
«
of
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Govmt.
Vol. Con.
>
jS Male
Uitenhage.
1
Uitenhage . .
Port Elizabeth .
Uitenhage . .
Free school in the village
Ditto at the township.
Do. for coloured classes.
42
4.'-.
22
3f>
64
II
81
ditto,
ditto,
ditto.
£80&£40
80
22 10
•
('»)
175
1M2!): 621
IS.'il 651
1S,32| 581
1833' 6'H
Graaff Reinet.
18.34 884
Graaff Reinet .
Free school in the village
§
Lancasterian.
100
.
(n) . 'k 1
18.35 762
1836 868
Beaufort.
1
Beaufort . . .
Albany.
Free school ih the town.
5
1
1
Graham's Town
Bathurst . . .
Ditto ditto
Ditto in the village.
118
35
27
28
145
63
Bell's.
Lancasterian.
100
60
•
(0)22 in 1
(;') 15 5 1
Somerset.
1
Somerset . . .
Cradock . . .
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Total . .
34
32
900
31
36
65
68
ditto,
ditto.
80
40
• •
(q)ir>
('■)
N'nmc of til
I'risdpi* and w
situated.
659
1.559
1465
52
:u\ 10
§ Vac
int.
II Undefined.
1
Cape Town
Ten Temporal
Convict Static
1. Amsterdam
tcry
2. Rnndcbosch
3. Baas Hermj
Kraal
I. Elsjes Baay
!i. Muizenberff
(i. Sir Lowry's Pi
r. Honwhnck
S. Attaqiia's KIoi
!). Town Prison
10. House of Con
tion
Robben Island
Ronrtebosch .
Wyiiberg
Simon's Town
SteUenbosch
Paarl .
Worcester
Clanwilliam
Swellendam
Caledon .
Georse .
Uitenhage
Port Klizabeth
(iralmm's Town
Somerset
Cradnck
(iraair Reinet
licaufort
Total
General scale
Colony.— [B.H.]
nitat i{ lb., bread
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— CRlMli AND (iAOI.S.
IX. Prisoners of the Cape of Good Hope. [B. B.]
4h:\
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
S
i
Male
Fm.
Total.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.Totl.
1
Male Fm.
1
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl
]H'?,')
f.21
.59
680
1
1
281
20
301
232 11
243
294
11
305
143
46
189
7
1831
r,.5l
101
7.52
1
1
260
45
305l 239 10
249
347
49
396
170 50
220
19
1H32
•■iBl
66
647
1
1
233 1 17
250' 258 19
277
348
36
384
90 16
106
15
IS33
f)!M
86
777
4
4
224 40
264| 299 16
315
349
57
406
165 31
196
5
1834
884
97
981
2
2
271 53
324
355 14
369
423
55
478
285 44
329
10
183r)
7fi2 123
885 . .
, ,
244; 63
307
370 33
403
360
33
393
158 32
190
18
1836
808
139
1007
••
• •
216
77
293
451 41
1
492
460
74
534
274
15
289
9
I
■A
Return of the Gaols and of the Prisoners confined therein throughout the year 1836. [B. B,]
Viiiiic of the
I'risdn* and where
situated.
Cape Town .
Ten Temporary
Convict Stations.
1. Amsterdara Bat
tery
2. Rondcbosch
3. Baas Herman's
Kraul
I. Elsjes Baay .
5. MuizenbetR
ti. Sir Lowry's Pass
;. Hcmwlinck
8, Attaqiia's Kloof
9, Town Prison .
10, House of Correc
tion
Robben Island
Kondeboscti , .
VVynberg
Simon's Town
Stcllenbosch
Paarl .
Worcester
Ciaiiwilliam
Swilientlara
Caledon .
George .
Uitenhage
Port Klizabeth
(irnliam's Town
Somerset
Cradnclt
Graaff Reinet
lltaufurt
Total
No. of
Ko. of
Prison.
Prison.
ers tlie
ers the
Prison is
Prison is
capable
cai able
of con-
of enn-
taining
taininj;
when
in
more
separate
thin one
Sleeuins
Prisoner
Cells.
sleeps in
one Cell.
27
119
100
100
•i
24
1
10
1
10
1
12
1
6
1
8
35
3
140
5
30
4
16
4
16
4
48
12
2
34
2
20
8
50
4
24
ii
56
8
40
6
62
26
150
9
90
9
27
7
151
7
70
260
1328
O 73
a "
= o
s ^
o
H
40
131
124
23
18
22
23
80
i6n
5
60
23
24
5s
o
is
36
116
139
4
7
7«
3
216
^1
■a
'II
20
25 .
15 .
6.
*l
I'.
3'.
6,
12.
140.
o
a
= 1
■c
Prison-
ers em •
ployed.
16
140
24
451
41
16
2
1
13
I81 1
44! 12
98 20
7|..
4ll S
I5I 1
u
3
O
I rt
n
1 =
79
7
5
3
1
2 .
9
361.
78.
17 2
8
I
460I74274
IS
I o
u
"a. "
140
508
12
24
Punishment for
Offences within
the Prison.
40
f Coporeal
J punishment
I tread mill, rice
L and water,
4
38 265
■" Flogging and "
solitary con-
•^ finement.with
or without
spare diet.
/ Confinement
\ iu the stocks.
f Solitary
\ confinement.
ditto
ditto
Cases of
Sickness
and Death.
3S
0=
OS
6 *-
z 0; -•
.. - is
100
120
37
80
93
60
1
450
SO
4
7«
6
1071
52
128
* The prison bears the name of the place where it is situated.
General scale of Prison Rations throughout the
Colony. — [B.B.] To each female prisoner, per diem,
meat ij lb., bread 1 lb. ; to each child under 7 years.
excent those at the breast, per day, meat ^ lb., bread
i lb.; to each child between 7 and 14 years, ditto,
meat 4 lb., bread 3lb. ; to each male convict at hard
484
CAriC OF GOOD I lOPi:.— GOVERNMENT.
Inboiir, or each person dt'tained as a witness, per day,
eitluT ment \\ lb., bread 1 lb., or in lieu, meat H lb ,
bread :| lb. ; to nil other male, criminal or civil pri-
soners confined for debt, per day, meat 1 lb., bread
1 lb. All (lersons admitted for medical aid, or pii
soncrs under medical treatment, receive such rations
only as the surgeon may direct. The daily allow-
ance of rice, vefi;ctable8, soup, ftc. in addition to the
above mentioned articles, remain as heretofore cus-
tomary in the several districts, but when the full
rations of bread and meat arc issued, the allowance of
rice does not exceed 2 oz. foi each ration.
X. The affairs of the colony arc administered by a
povcrnor (salary r.OOO/. per annum), nominated by
the Crown, aided by an Executive Council, composed
of the Commander of the Forces, the Chief Justice,
the Auditor- general, Treasurer, and Accountant-
general, the Secretary to the Government. 'J'hcre is
a Legislative Council apjiointed by the government
in England, at the recommendation of course of the
Colonial Government. The members of this council
(■of whom five are official) after two years' sitting,
hold their seats for life ; their debates are carried on
with o])en doors.
At present each district or drostdi/, has a Civil
Commissioner, who acts also asa resident magistrate,
aided by a relative number of i^nnaid justices of the
peace: a district is divided into seveia! smaller divi-
sions, termed Veld Cornetcies, over which an officer
with that title presides. 'I'he Veld Cornet is in fact a
sort of petty niitgist'-ate, empowered to settle trifiing
disputes within a circuit of \^t or 20 miles, according
to the extent of his authority, to punish evil-doers,
to call out the l)urghcrs (over whom he presides) in
the public service, and act as their officer on cumman-
(lues, (reprisals on the fiontier tribes for incursions
into our territory) to supply government with relays
of horses or oxen, when wanted , &c. ftc. ; he receives
no salary (except upon the Kaffre frontier;, but is
exempt from all diirct taxes.
The municipal body at Cajie Town consisted of a
Burgher Semite, under the form of a President, four
members, Secretary, and Town Treasurer : the Presi-
dent remaining in office two years, and receiving
3, .500 rix-dollars per annum ; he was succeeded by
the senior member, and the election of a new mem-
ber took place by the Board (not by the inhabitants
or burghers, paying the taxes), three persons were
returned by the majority of votes, and their names sent
to the Governor, who selected one out of the three.
This Senate, if projierly elected and managed,
might have been productive of much good ; it had the
superintendence of the cleansing and lighting of the
public streets, and of preventing encroachments on
public lands, it regulated their sale, supervised
weights and measures, and the reservoirs, water-
pipes, and fire-engines ; attended to the assize of
bread, the slaughtering of healthy cattle by the
butchers, levied and received the town taxes, and the
commando tax, w hen that was necessary, and watched
over the prices of various articles of juime necessity.
lender proper regulation and management such a
body, duly elected, would have been of considerable
assistance to a government, by relieving it of all
minor details of management, in the concerns of pri-
vate life ; it has recently, however, been dissolved,
without any substitute being provided.
When the Cape became a British colony the Dutch
criminal and civil laws were in operation; these,
particularly the latter, have undergone some modifi-
cation, torture has been abolished ; the penalty of
death attaches on conviction to murder, rape, coiiiinq
money, and high treason ; transportation, for theft to
a large amount, or crimes of a serious or viuifiit
naturi', not liable by the Dutch law to death : f(ir
minor crimes, the ijuni.thnient is banishment to Kob-
ben Island (at the entrance of Table 15ayi, with Imrcl
labour; imprisonment in the 7VohA (prison), or tloj;-
ging. Criminals are tried by a jury, of whom tlure
must be at least seven members present, and when
the offence is ca])ital a majority must agiie In tlir
verdict, if seven only be present; if more than seven
jurors attend, and opinions as to guilty or not guilty
are e(|ual, the i)risioner is acquitted ; by the nuw
charter the English system has been brought into
operation. A criminal is allowed, on bis trial, to em-
ploy an advocate to examine and cross examine wit-
nesses, and to argue for him on all pouits of law in
his defence.
The civil law is modified by that of the Dutch
code, — the ' Statutes of India,' collected by the
Dutch towards the end of the seventeenth century,
and declared to be applicable to the Cape by a Rata-
vian proclamation, dated F'ebruary, 171"), — and liy
various colonial laws, or where these arc found deti-
cient by the Corpun Jin in Cirilis. The equal division
of property on the demise of a parent, added to the
absurd custom of measuring distances by a man's
walk in an hour, or a horse's canter, render li igation
fre(|uent.
The laws are administered by a Supreme Court,
])resided over by a Chief Justice (salary 2,0(10/.), and
two Puisne Judges (salary each 1,200/.), who hold
four terms in the year — February, June, August, and
December. Circuit Courts, civil and criminal, are
also held after the English form (the colonists coinpliiin
of a great want of uniformity in the law proceedings
of the circuit courts ; two of the judges being Eng-
lish, act according to that system — whilst the third
being Scotch, follows his national customs, hence
different procedures prevail, to the no small annoy-
ance of suitors ; it is indeed to be hoped that some
more suitable qualification were requisite for our
colonial judges than mere party influence, or aristo-
cratic connexions) ; for the better execution of the
law, the office of High Sheriff, with the appoint-
ment of Deputy Sheriff's for each district, was created
in 1828. Small debts under 20/., in tlie Cape dis-
trict, or 10/. in the comitry, arc recoverable in the
Court of the Resident Magistrate, from whose judg-
ment there is an appeal ; in Cape Town if the sum in
dispute amount to, or exceed I'd., or in the country
districts 40*. Debts exceeding 20/. sterling in the
Cape district, and 10/. in other parts of the colony,
are recoverable only in the Su|)reme Court, where,
however, smaller sinus may also he recovered (under
the Charter of Justice of 2 William IV., tlie jurisdic-
tion of the Court extends to sums not exceeding in
amount AOl.) : claims founded on a note, or liond
already due, require no witnesses ; book debts, and
others, not founded on lifjuid (note of hand or other
acknowledgment) documents, require to be proved liy
witnesses; and a jierson, suing in forma /»/»/)c;i.<, is
allowed an advocate by the Court, to inquire into his
case.
A court of Vice-Admiralty sits for the trial of
offences committed on the high seas, and for the ad-
judication of maritime disputes. The conuiussioners
appointed by letters patent under the Great Seal,
dated l.'Uh March, 1H32, are the Governor, or Lieu-
tenant-Governor, Members of Council, the Cliief mid
Puisne Judges, the Commander-in-Chief and fla^'-
(dTicers of sbi
(•iiiMiimnders o
i,,r the setfleii
i;rniiting of urn
niissimiers, wbi
rispective distr
p.'iice and the
'I'he teiaires
;ire those wliicl
■•rallied to (lie
ri\ <lollars, the
rint he paid. T
tain nine sipiarc
Iho colony. Cir>
and iiay about
were grants by
iicijlihoiirhood
arc grants mad
M'res each, and
first loeuti'in in
(if these tenure
money being p:
cu|iation of the
from the use of
estate, the occu
at the rate of 1
Ij years.
The Inst and
perpetual ((iiit-rc
upon the jpialit
these estates varj
Eii;.,'lisli acres,
uept the bond c
refiisterod in the
si
I a
; j:
■ »!
Station
20
3.-.
■17
4.')
.18
98
fiO
18
|Graham's 1
iVoov Plaati
Kart'ie Drift
lOualana Hi
Fort Wiltst
Fort Beauf(
Kat River
Koonap .
Hermanns
Tota
Cape Town, as
Our naval force
Adiiiiral, whose ai
\V. coasts of Afric
The Dutch estal
gistrates at the C(
retained. The fol
which they act, da
hint met ians for t
C(ij\i> of Good HojH
ill his respective '
magistrates, and, a
-'. They must m
hi' nee
annoy
hat some
for our
aristo-
M of the
appoint-
created
aiic ilis-
in ihe
ise jiidg-
sum in
country
in the
colony,
where,
(under
urisdic-
'ding in
or l)ond
!bts, and
or other
roved liy
'//cci.S is
into his
trial of
the ad-
issioners
■at Seal,
or l.ien-
hief and
nd tlaj.'-
CAPE OF GOOD IlOl'K.— fJOVKllNMENT .\M) MILITARY
officers of sl)ii)s of war, aiul also the captains nod
ciininnnders of sliips of war. Mntrimouial courts,
inr the settlement of conjnijal ditt'erences, and the
..inntin^ of niarrin;j;e licenses, are held hy the Com-
Iiiissioners, who are nNo resident innjjiistrates, in their
iispective districts, aided by the local Justices of the
1\ nee and the Veld Cornet.
'rhe temn'es of land are various ; the most ancient
lire those which are called " Imin fniw.i," which were
-ran'ed to I hi' early settlers, at an annual rent of 24
ii\ didlars, the lease heiiiK perpetual, so Ions »« the
lint he paid. 'I'line such farms are calculated to con-
lain nine sipiare miles, and there are about :i,()()0 in
tlu' colony. Gratuity lands are a customary copyhold,
;inil pay about the same rent as " loan farms." They
were frrants by favour, and are chielly situate in the
iicishboiirhood of the Cape district. Freehold e.^tates
;irp"<'raiits made to the first settlers, of about 120
'■„crci lacli, and are also situate chiefly around the
first location made at Table Hay. The greater part
(if these tenures are held on account of a sum of
money being paid down at once, on the primary oc-
cupation of the settlers. Quit rents were derived
from the use of waste lands lying contiguous to on
estate, the occupant of the latter consenting to pay
lit the rate of l.« an acre, under a lease granted for
1.') years.
The last and most usual systenu in operation is
iierjictual ipiit-rents, the annual ))ayment depending
upon the ipiality and circumstances of the laiul ;
these estates vary upwards to .T.OOO iiion^i't), tir ''>,()i)0
Kn','lish acres. Transfers of land, or mortgages (ex-
cept the bond called Sfry-rni"), are Icsjal only when
rcisteied in the debt hook, at the Colonial Odice at
4»r,
{>ape Town, where Commissioners sit to superintend
such matters ; and no sale or transfer can be made
till after a settlement of all bonds, either by the mort-
gager consenting to continue his loan on the securities
of the new purchaser, or by repayment ; a fresh
transfer is then made, and the purchaser is placed In
possession of u complete title, without the jiossiliiliry
of fraud, of claims withheld, or mortgages concealed,
at an expense of u couple of sheets of paper, and a
tritlinu' payment — thus avoiding a ponderous mass of
conveyance.
There are 12 barristers (L.I,.I)'s), and 17 attorneys
in Cape Town, and .j in the country. Many of the
attorneys are notaries, and some of them practise as
barristers.
The Dutch language, formerly used in the courts of
law, is now superseded by the Knglish.
The estublishment of king's troops in South Africa
is three regiments of infantry — the head (piarters of
two being at Cape Town, and of the other at Graham's
Town. 'I'bere is a strong detachment of royal artillery,
a party of the royal engineers, and a regiment of
mounted rillemen, termed the Cape cavalry, the pri-
vates and non-commissioned officers of which are
principally Hottentots.
The following was the strength of the corps on 1st
.lanuary, 1837. One major, 3 captains, 4 lieutenants,
3 ensigns ; staff — 1 adjutant, 1 surgeon, I quarter-
master; 2.') sergeants, 12 buglers, 21 corporals, 334
privates, 36(') horses.
The military stations along the Kaffre frontier, with
the st rength of each corps at tne respective posts, was
in 1831 as follows : —
Stations.
5.S
*-*
Royal
Artillery.
1
En
i
1
O
Hoyal
ginecrs.
Ii
fantry.
Mounted
Rifles.
i
J J)
n
._ g
~'3
O 1 M a;
to
-3
C
" 6
■^ .—
en
k-
o
o
s
O
. 1 ^ ■§
Total.
Graham's Town
—
2
1 , 25
3
1
5
11
20 27C
I 3
13
5
366
■10
Voov Plaats . .
20
—
— 1 —
—
—
—
—
—
—
— ' —
7
—
7
.3.1
Katire Drift . .
i.-;
—
— i —
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 1 3
33
—
37
47
Gualana River .
16
—
— ■ —
—
—
—
—
—
1 —
I'J
—
20
4.")
Fort Wiltshire .
4.'i
—
— -l
' —
—
—
1
2
."■,8
2 2
37
'>
lOK
.-is
Fort Beaufort .
28
—
— ' —
;
—
—
2
3
fi.')
7 1 6
C8
—
l.M
!)!<
Kat River . .
30
—
— 3
: —
—
—
—
1
12
• 1 '
28
1
47
f.O
Koonap . . .
."JO
—
— —
I —
—
—
1
14
4
—
11)
18
Hermanns Kraal
42
—
— —
—
—
i —
1
2
.'J4
— 1
1
—
6.'-.
Total . .
2
1 32
i 3
I
■")
i
29
479
13 i If.
216
8
820
Cape Town, as head-quarters, gives oft" detachments, similar to the above, to Simon's Town, and some
outposts.
Our naval force is under the command of a Rear-
Adn.iral, whose authority extends along the E. and
\V. coasts of Africa, and to Mauritius and St. Helena.
The Dutch established a system of subordinate ma
gistrates at the Cape of Good Hope, which we have
retained. The following are the instructions under
which they act, dated .''ith October 1837 : —
Inslrmtkms for the FiAd- Cornctf of llw Colony uf the.
Cnjie of (Inml Hope. — 1. The lield-cornets must, each
in his respective ward, be considered as subordinate
magistrates, nnd, a* sneb, be respected accordingly.
:;. They must not forget that, as magistrates, they
can only acquire the regard and respect of their fellow
subjects by treating them with propriety, and aeeoid-
ing as they themselves set the example of what they
require of others.
3. They must endeavour to obtain a perfect know-
ledge not only of the lands within their wards, but of
the productions thereof, and their ca|iability for other
produce.
4. They must take particular notice of the conduct
and dejiortment of the inhabitants of their wards, iu
order to be at all times prepared to report tlicreon to
superior authority, when required.
^■^\
4HC>
CAPF, OI" GOOD HOPK.— GOVERNMENT, MAGISTRACY.
Ti, Thoy must ondrnvour to sittlo disputes iimniiR
the iiihal)itnnts which might lend to aiiimusitie« and
litigntioii, mid to reconcile tlic jmrties.
fi. Tlu" (ield-cornets shidi never siillcr cither fricnd-
shij) or enmity, |)leasinv or disiileasure, tear or favour,
to inllucnce their otlicial conduct. They would other-
wise render themselves unworthy of their situation ;
they would themselves become culpable ; and in cases
where evil consequences did result therefrom, they
might be found guilty of having violated their oath.
7. Should they find themselves placed within the
fourth, or nearer degree of consanguinity with, or be
brother-in-law to a person against whom they are
called to act ; should they be on terms of close inti-
macy, or, on the contrary, at enmity with the same,
they shall in such cases ac(|uaint the civil commis-
sioner of the district therewitli, in order that sonic
other person may be appointed to perforin the duty
reijuired.
8. The field-cornets arc obliged particularly to watch
for the maintenance of order and tranquillity in their
district, and not to sutler it to be disturbed by any
one.
9. All laws, proclamations, ordinances, or other
instructions, expedited by, or on the part of, the Go-
vernment, for the use of the country districts, shall
be communicated to the respective tield-cornets, in
order, by each of them in their duty to see that they
are punctually obeyed. The field-cornets must en-
deavour, by examiile and ex|)ostulation, to promote
obedience to the same ; and they shall, without delay,
report any disobedience to the nearest magistrate or
clerk of the peace.
10. In addition to the general laws, proclamations,
ordinances, or other instructions from Government,
they will receive and obey all orders given or addressed
to them by the civil commissioners of the district.
11. Every field-cornet must keei) an exact register
of all the inhabitants of his district above Ifi years.
This register is, in the first instance, to be formed
from personal examination ; and after that, every
youth on having attained the age of Ifi years, shall be
obliged immediately to report himself to the field-
cornet, in order to be entered upon the register.
12. The male jiopulation in each district shall be
divided into tliirc clnsses — first, from .si.ttirn to Ihiitij ;
the second, from thirtij to forlii-Jire ; the third, from
fnitij-lire to sij-ti/ years of age. This classification
field-cornets must attend to in calling out the armed
burgher forces of their wards, and observe in each
class to call for personal service, — first, upon ingle
men, in iireference to those who are married, and on
those who have no particular vocation or pursuit, in
preference to those who have. Those persons who
have attained the age of (JO years are exempt from
personal service, except in case of extreme necessity.
13. From these registers they shall form and trans-
mit to the civil commissioner of the district, in the
month of October, a list of the young men who have,
within the year ending in September, attained the age
of Ifi, in order that they may be duly enrolled.
14. The field-cornets shall erase from their registers
all such persons who have died — wherefore, all heads
of families are obliged to report, or cause to be re-
jiortcd, in writing, to the field-cornet of their ward,
within fortij-fii^lit liniirs, the death of any individual
who shall have died in his family above the age of Ifi
years, on iiain of being fined twcntij-Jive vi.v dolbirs.
I.'). Should any inhabitant meet with an untimely
death, either by his own violence or from accident,
the body shall not be buried until the field-cornet of
the ward, after having held an inipiest thereon, ohull
have permitted the burial to take place.
Ifi, The field-cornets shall send all prisoners uinUr
sutlicient guard to the field cornet next on the loud
who is bound to receive them, and in like ninniur ti!
forward them on, and so on in suceession, until iln.y
arrive at the place of their destination.
17. And in case that on the road by which the pri.
soners are to be conducted no other field-coriut
resides, then shall the field-cornet who has arrested
the prisoners, or the one to whom they are delivered
over, send the ))risoners on to the next iiilinhitunt
although not a field-cornet, who shall, as also the
other inhabitant next in succession, be ohlii^cd to
receive the prisoners and forward them on, until they
reach the place of their destination, without any dis.
tinetion, and whether such inhabitants roidiug ulo;,!-
tlie road belong to such district and wind, or not.
The officers of justice, or such other to whom the prj.
soners are finally to be delivered over, are to take
particular notice that this regulation has been strietlj
obeyed.
IH. No field-cornet shall summon the inhiiliitants
to meet armed, without special orders from the civil
commissioner; except, however, on infonniition re-
ceived by him, that the peace of his ward is eiidiui.
gered by gangs of vagabonds within it, or by iKJstile
assemblages of such persons without. In sueii cases
the ficlii-coinet is enjoined to call out the ueecssaiy
number of armed men from the ward, to protect the
inhabitants and their property from violence ai.d
depredation.
ly. In such cases the field- cornet shall immediately
rcjiort to the civil commissioner of the district, and
also ac(|uaini: the neighbouring field-cornets with the
particulars, who shall be obliged, whenever re(niiied,
to assist him with armed men of their own wards.
20. The field-cornets shall report all extraordinary
occurrences in their wards, not herein mentioned, to
the civil commissioner: And whereas every po.ssililc
occurrence cannot be foreseen, it is recommended to
the discretion of every field-comet, in eases win ii tlie
delay occasioned by the time re(|uired for makini; the
re|)ort, and to receive orders, which might be attended
with injurious consetiuences to the public or to indi-
viduals, in such cases immediately to check the evil,
and, if necessary, to oppose it by force.
21. In case any vessel on the coast should send n
bo<-.t on shore, the field-cornet shall make himsell
acquainted with the following particulars, viz. the
names of the vessel and the commander ; to \vh;it
nation belonging ; whence, and whither bound ; num-
ber of the crew and passengers ; cargo ; how loiii;
from the last port ; why put in ; crew if healthy ;
and if not, what malady on board ; and whatever ad-
ditional information he can obtain.
22. In case the vessel be in want of provisions, the
field-cornet shall provide a supply of such as may be
requisite from day to day on payment being iniicle ;
but he shall allow no communication between the
vessel and the shore, further than is necessary, ami
prevent desertion of the seamen.
23. He shall prevent the landing of goods of nny
description from such vessel ; and should he suspect
the existence of any contagious disease on hoard, he
shall suffer no one to land, but cause the supplies to
be handed into the boat, with the utmost caution.
24. Hut when any vessel approaches the shore in
such distress, that to await orders from the civil eoni-
missioner might endanger the ship or cargo, the ciiigo
may then be landed ; but the same must then remain
miller the joint
siiper-eargo, oi
jioshI he receivi
'.'.'), Wlienev
of this colony
forthwith ac(|U
shall also imme
trate.
•1\\. The fiel(
sliiill arrive at
(Midi'uvour as i
and property h
the lield-cornet
(if men, and, if
m%'lil)ouring fit
27. They are
addressed to, or
public authoritii
imyiif the inhab
utmost speed.
js. The field-
nil roving peopli
their fiimilies an
in their wards, t
the civil coinmi
and to order tli
cornets shall in
places to remain
one time by the
a ri\er, or other i
vent their procee
21). When tlu
necessary to esti
ready assemblage
cornet, when inf
shall forthwith di
signal post, to V
repeated.
\W. At the sai
such persons belo
other corps, and
ward, do forthwit
and he shall '_'iv(
servation of the
such other service
:n. Thefield-CG
shall pay attentio
of the public road
to be obeyed, the
them, or which
prescribe to them
power to induce
means of forming
:i2. The field-(
with each other ir
wards have a comr
vour to assist on
promote the welfa
H3. Whenever a
of his ward, he n
inhabitants of his
obliged to do so dt
to conform himse
these regulations,
sible.
34. A field-corn
ward, shall he obli
sinner to whose dii
that another pcrsoi
And the retiring
case, shall give u
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— GOVr.RNMKNT, FINANCE. 4^1
pnptTs bt'longiiiK to lii;. situation, including tliese
imilor the joint care of the tiehiconiet nud the owner,
siiiHT-i'iirgo, or eomumnder, until oiih'is for its dis-
iKisal Ih' received from competent nuthority.
■j.'i. Whenever any vessel is cast on uny of the shores
of this colony, the person first discovering it shall
fdrthwith acciuaint the tield-cornet therewith, who
simll also immediately report it to the nearest niagis-
trato.
Ui'i, The field-cornet shall, until some magistrate
sliall arrive at the place where the vessel is stranded,
(Midiuvour as nmch as possible to save the persons
niiil property belonging thereto ; and for this purpose
present iustruetions.
3'). 'I'hc tield-cornots shall not, either themselves,
or their wives, cliildrin, or inniati's in their families,
receive any presents or gifts from any one who, on
account of the Held cornet's sitinition, haj any thing
to hope or fear of him.
All ticld-coriiets Ivilding ollice for I.") years in one
district receive the advantages usually accorded to
tieldcornets after 2') years service. No tield-cornet
is obliged to serve more than tive years, unless with
liis own concurrence, and with tlie approval of the
u' ficlci-cornet shall order in timeasutlicient number | civil commissioner of the district.
tl
III men, and, if necessary, call in the assistance ol the
iK'iglibuuring rteld-cornets.
27. They are to take care that all letters or papers
nddresscd to, or transmitted by Government, or other
public authorities, which may come into the hands of
any of the inhabitants, be forwarded by them with the
utmost speed.
js. The field-cornets shall watch attentively, that
ni) Hiving people keep themselves in their wards with
their families and cattle. On discovering such people
ill their wards, they are immediately to report it to
the civil commissioner and the nearest magistrate,
and to order them forthwith to depart. The field-
cciriicts shall in particular not sillier the Vilsjxin
places to remain longer than tirfutij-fniir hours at any
(iiie time by the same persons, unless the swelling of
a river, or other unforeseen circumstance, should pre-
vent their proceeding.
2'J. When the state of the country may render it
necessary to establish signal stations for the more
ready assemblage of the means of defence, the (ield-
eornet, when informed of the tiriir' of an alarm gun,
>lmll fiirthwith dispatch a trusty person to the luarci^t
sijiiial piist, to watch that the signals be properly
repeated.
:fo. At the same time he is to take care that all
such persons belonging to the armed burghers, or any
other corps, and who at that period arc within his
ward, do forthwith repair to their respective posts ;
and lie shall give the necessary orders for the pre-
servation of the peace, and, when rerpiired, render
such other services as circumstances may demand.
.'11. The field-cornets, each in their respective wards,
sh.ill pay attenticm to the improvement and repairs
of the public roads, and particularly obey, and cause
tn he (iheyed, the orders they may receive respecting
them, or which the proclamations and ordinances
prescribe to them ; and shall use all means in their
power to induce the inhabitants to contribute the
means of forming and keeping up the same.
'.v>. The ftcld-cornets shall mutually correspond
with each other in all matters in which their several
wards have a common interest ; and they shall endea-
vour to assist one another in all things tending to
promote the welfare of the colony.
H3. Whenever a field-cornet goes beyond the limits
of his ward, he must appoint one of the most able
inhabitants of his ward to act for him, who shall be
obliged to do so during his absence ; and in all things
to conform himself to whatsoever is contained in
these regulations, for which he will be held respon-
sible.
34. A field-cornet intending to remove to another
ward, shall he obliged to accpiaint the civil commis-
sioner to whose district he belongs therewith, in order
that another person may be appointed to succeed him.
And the retiring field-cornet, in such or any other
case, shall give up to his successor all books and
XI. It is dillicult to convey a clear idea of the mode
of managing the finances of the colony, owing partly
to the variety of items, which enter into theTreasurcr-
General's budget at the Cape. The best mode of ex-
plaining the receipts and disbursements will be to give
the lo lowing statement of the gross revenue of the
colony of the Cape of Good llojie, from 1st January
to lilst December, 1832 : —
Ornnii Rcrenuf. — Port dues, \,'2Ct'Jl.; stamp dues,
l('>,H31l.; Lombard Bank, interest, &c. I't/uVM.; Dis-
c-mint liaiik, discounts, -!,(■) IC)/. Customs: Duties, 3
per cent, on English and 10 on foreign, 13, .3S")/. ;
.store rent, 357/. ; wharfage, l.lSiiJ. ; — total, i:>,2'2rA.
Postage, 3,877'.; land rent, 7,310/.; fines, Q.'iU. ;
advances recovered, 42(',/.; surcharges recovered, 100/.
Assessed taxes: Capitation tax, 4,912/.; tax on ser-
vants, 177/.; tax on horses, l,3(i2/. ; tax on carriages,
•i.SOl/. ; tax on stock and produce, 3,Ui2/. ; tax on
income, 2 per cent. 2,.')(il/. ; water tax, 1,107/.; house
tax, 920/. ; tax for keeping in repair the Cradock-hill
road, 122/. ; arrear taxes, due prior to the 3 1st March
1821), 413/. ;— total, 17,."i44/. Market duties, 3,727/. ;
auction dutie , 12,.")08/. ; rent of butchers' shambles,
840/. ; rent of quarries, 2>\l. Tithes : On wine and
brandy, 2,7r)4/. ; on grain, 1,019/.; — total, 4,374/.
Transfer dues, 1,22'L; tolls and ferries, 3,131/.; fees
of olTice, (i,34.'i/. ; pound fees, 182/.; Somerset Hos-
pital, 535/.; miscellaneous, 8,113/. Total revenue,
130,S0H/.
The port dues are derived from a tax of 4h(l. per
ton levied on all vessels entering Table or Simon's
iMxy (.\lgoa Hay is exempted), for the purposes of
trade, and if for refreshments, or any purposes other
than trade, 2i(/. per ton. This is independent of
wharfage dues or permits, which are, however, light.
Stiim/i diit's, with the exception of the assessed
taxes, form the largest item in the budget ; they are
extremely numerous, but appear to be well graduated,
and if not pressing on the lower classes of the com-
munity, they form an unexceptionable item of revenue.
At the Cape, stamps are requisite on all transfers of
property, on bills, on promissory notes, on bonds
jiassed before notaries, on wills or codicils, on various
law papers, and all deeds of contract, &c., on powers
of attorney, civil or legal appointments or promotions,
on licenses for the sale of wines, spirits or beer, for
keeping an inn or eating-house, and for exercising
the following trades — auctioneers, bakers, retail shop-
keepers, pedlars and hawkers, game-killers, fire-wood
carriers, brewers or distillers, for waggons and boats,
clubs and societies, public billiard tables, marriage
licenses, letters of burghership, adoptions, leave to
go to the hot baths, and permission to cpiit the colony.
The foregoing is a formidable list, and some petty
items might well be excluded.
The Lombard and Discount Banks, which are go-
vernment establishments (see Monetary System),
yield a considerable item of the revenue, n the
m
■m
'm
.... , - E
CAPK OF GOOD HOPE.— OOVKRNMICNT, FINANCE.
488
shape of interest on loans inndc, profits on bonking,
'/'/((' ciLilditis arc ili'rivi'd fnnn n duty "f .'I per rent,
levit'd on nil liritish iind Dritish coloniitl i^oods, iind of
10 per ci'Ot. on all fore'it;n ^oods iinpoited citlu'r in
British bottoms or in vussi'ls of ci'rtnin nntions in
amity witli (iii'iit r<iitiiin ; 10 pi'r ct'nt. is niso hwii'd
on nil goods imported into the ('npe from tlic Lust
Indies. It tins licun pro|)osc(l to increiise the import
duties, and thus nngment tlio revenue, so us to admit
the abolition of some of the vexatious items of taxa-
tion.
I'ostag;!' is not very heavy, considering the slowness
of communication throughout the colony. From Cnpi'
Town to Simon's 'J'own, a distance of 2.'i iniles, it is
3(/. for a single letter j an<l from Cajie Town to Uraiill'
Reinct, .')00 miles distant, it is l.v. ; ship letters brought
into the colony, single, -hi. ; double, fi'/. ; one ounce,
l.«. Newspapers sent inland, or from the colony, \d.
each. Tlie mails are conveyed tliroughui.t the colony
by post-riders on horseback ; the riders are generally
Hottentots, or slaves, in the service of tlie post-
holders, who are boors, residing near the high roads.
The post- holders receive an allowance, regulated by
the numt)er of hours' journey which they engage to
carry the mails. Tlie improvement of the ronds in
the colony, under the able superintendence of Major
Mitchel, has tended much to facilitate the transfer of
the mails ; and, with increased knowledge and inter-
course, the post-otlice ought to be a source of revenue,
which it can scarcely be considered at present.
The assessed tuxes are payable under the provisions
of ordinance, No. .^7, passed March .'">, 1829. The
capitation tax is levied on every free male above 10,
and on every free female, widow or unmarried, at the
rate of ds. yearly.
Exceptions. — Free male servants taxed as servants
at 10*. yearly; oHicers in the King's service on full
pay, or employed as military men in the colony, and
their tamilies ; field commandants, field cornets, and
provisional ditto ; all pensioners not receiving more
than Is. a day, and having no other means of liveli-
hood ; all persons of the border tribes, for two years
after their first entering the colony ; and all appien-
tices under ordinances 49 and 50.
On every free male servant, or slave above Ifi, em-
ployed as coachman or driver of carriage, taxed at
41. 10s., or 2/. ; and every groom or stable servant,
porter, footman, house-servant, or cook, 10s.
Exception. — Military ofiieers' servants.
Horses. — On each riding or draught horse used for
pleasure carriages, lOs. ; on each saddle hor.se used in
trade or agriculture, l,v.
Exception. — Military men, according to the number
allowed to their rank.
Carrias^es. — On all sorts of vehicles with four
wheels, used or hired out for pleasure, 4/. ; on all
ditto, with two wheels, 2/. t on all four-wheeled ve-
hicles used in trade or a /.culture, .'is.; on all two-
wheeled ditto, 2s. fiil. Coachmakers, agents, &c. not
liable for carriages not used or lent out.
Income Tux. — Two pounds per cent, on all whose
incomes exceed 30/., excepting from farming stock
chirgeable with Oppgaaf.
Exception.^ — Military officers, half-pay ditto, and
their wives and children receiving colonid half-pay,
for the amount of such half-pay on!y.
N.B. These taxes were imposed in lieu of former
ones, known as the Katfre Commando, taxes on cattle
and grain, levied by the late Burgher Senate, and the
extraordinaiy assessment on ordinary oppgaaf, autho-
rised by |iroelamation of 1st April, 1H| |, ncc. 11. .\||
these were of course abolished.
Direct Tihtes, Ordinance .'>7. — Capitation, servant,*
See. Do. 7H. Houses ami stores, and water rate.
On I'nidiire and Slock. — Kach head of bliuk eattlc
I /. ; each breeding horse, :((/. ; J.l sheep or t^,)nu[
2\il.; each moid of wheat, barley, rye, and onts, iil,'.
each leaguer of wine, dd. ; ditto, braiuly. Is. \l^d.
The other items explain themselves by their names
— the aueti(ni duties are large — mo.«t sales takin"
place in that manner. The tithes on wine, and bnuKh^
and grain are derived from duties levied on tlicsc
articles as they enter Cape Town, which it is Udw
proposed to abolish.
Revenue of the Cape of Good Hope since the con-
(piest by the Knglish. [Found among Lord Welks-
ley's papers] : —
I'rom 1st October, 179'), to 30th September, I7'ni
R. l)s. lM,2(;i. 22,2.''.2/. ■ '
From 1st Octol)er, 179'>, to 30th September, 1 797
R.Ds. 201,H93. 40,378/.
Three months from 1st October, 1797, to 31.st De-
cember, 1797, R. Ds 90,.'J49. 1«,I09/.
Revenue and Expenditure from 1828 to 1837. [B.B,]
Years.
Revenue.
Years.
Expendi-
ture.
£.
£.
1828 ..
128971
1828 ..
12H7!)n
1829 ..
128.'i89
1829 ..
1353.->l
1830 ..
134493
1830 ..
I2i4(;:i
1831 ..
124174
1831 ..
12910.-,
1832 ..
130808
1832 ..
1208,^9
1833 ..
13r)275
1833 ..
130133
1834 ..
119,')83
1834 ..
' 2092.1
183,') ..
133417
1835 ..
I34.'-.7(;
18:<f) ..
158097
183r) ..
147579
1837 ..
1837 ..
Recapit Illation of the Estahlislunent — [B. IV] \>*:\i',.
Civil establishment for 1837, including revenue de-
partments, district magistracies, district surgeons, post
ottice, hospitals, agents, &c., 33,437/ ; contingent ex-
penditure for 1836, including remittances to colonial
agent in England, 12,370/. ; judicial establishment,
and ])olice for 1837, 22,581/.; contingent expenill-
ture for 1836, including expenses of criminal prose-
cutions and witnesses, maintenance of prisoners, and
expenses of special police, 18,504/.; ecclesia.sticHi
establishment and schools for 1837,9,555/.; eontlii-
gent expenditure for 1836, 7G1/. ; miscellaneous ex-
penditure for 1836, includitig advances for the pulilic
service, public works, &c., sun<lry expenses of the
Katfre war, redemption of illegal notes &c. 4:i,()(ifi/. ;
pensions civil and military for 1837, 9,491/.; total,
150,365/.
Commissariat Department. [B.B.] 1836. — Sup-
plies; purchase of provisions and forage, 4,89,')/,;
deduct amount received for stoppages of rations,
1,495/., leaves a total of 41,400/.; fuel and light,
2,107/.; transport, waggon and boat hire and con-
veyances of trooej and stores, to and from Aliron
Bay, 15,669/.; pay of extra staff, clerks, store keep-
ers, labourers &c. employed in commissariat and
other military departments, 8,372/.; military allow-
ances, lodging money, also forage and stable allow-
ances of orticers of Cape mounted ride corps, ;i,27l/.;
ordinaries, regimental subsistence for the troops' hall
A summary view
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— CO.MMr.RCF..
tf")
•t'liiie de-
luoiis, post
jiigi'iit ex-
ciiloiiinl
ilisluncnt,
fxpciuli-
|ial prose-
iii'jrs, and
lesiasticul
COiltill-
iC'ous ex-
Ihe pulilic
;s of the
:i,f;ri6/. ;
|/.; total,
— Sup-
I 4,89.1/. ;
rations,
|ui light,
[iiul con-
Aijioa
Ire kcep-
riat and
|y allow-
lo allow-
l:i,:;74/.;
lips' linii
yearly allowances, pay of general stair and hospital
otlicirs, extra farriery for Cape mounted ritle corps,
expi'risca of court martial, Sec, l'>l,'M''ll. ; payofcon)-
inissariat officers, store branch, 2, 1 20/. ; rjiiscellnneous
disbursements, expenses incurred by the Unyal I'lii^i-
ni'iTs department upon special warrants of bis excel-
liMicv the Cotnmander-iii-Chief, purcliase of remount
horses, saddlery, repair!, of saddlery, compensation in
lieu of clothing, to garrison serjinnt, major and start"
si'rit'aiit, purchase of sundry magazine im|)lon\ents for
commissariat and other military departments, passage
money to officers proceeding to and from the Fron-
tier, postage on i)ublic letters, printing and advertise-
ments, travelling I'xpenses, interest paid on deben-
tures, als'i various expenses incurred by the Katfre
war, in,UH/.
The sum advanced to the ordnance department,
13,7(>:i'. ; being the amount of the ordnance store
liceper's drafts upon the military chest, as also the
sum of 13,.'J42/. ; advanced to naval and other de-
partments ; and further the sum of 24,0.Sr,<. ; paid
under the head of special services are not included
ill this statement ; total commissariat expenditure,
i:i0,742/.
Ordnnnce Dfpnrtmfnt. Pay allowances of the
Royal Artillery and Koyal Engineers, 3,731/.; dis-
bursements in the pay of barrack officers, artificers,
and labourers, and purchase of stores under the head
of services: ordnance, 2,306/., barrack, 4,633/., total,
10,1)70/.; add commissariat expenditure, l.'>(),742/. ;
total military exiiendilure by Great Britain, 161,412/.
XII. There are no early accounts obtainable of the
rnmmerceof the Cape. 1 begin with showing the (pian-
tity of shippmg engaged in the trade of the colony.
The following is independent of numerous vessels
of divers nations, touching at Table and Simon's Hays
for refreshments. The colonists have, as yet, very
little shipping of their own, and it is employed prin-
cipally in the coasting trade. List and tonnage of
colonial and coasting vesssis in Ih34: Mary, hriu,
116; Conch, lirisnnlini', 100; Mary, srhimivr, 72;
Kate, ditto, h:\; l.igonier, nittrr, S,*) ; Knysnn, 6r»ir,
142; St. Helena, nchimnrr, 17'); l.cdn, Imrh, IHH ;
Urania, /iMi,'', 132; Jarie and llinry, //r/v""'""', 146;
— total number, 10, tons, I2it'j.
SIIIPIM.NO INWARDS.
C Great
g Uritttin.
llritlsh
Forelfirn
Total.
Colonies.
8t«tcs.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
.So.
Ions.
1834, VU
H.iia
•U
34(1(1
13
70,1^
(i(i
2(IS'J&
IsjHi 6ti
-»:•[>:<
so
2.V.I'JU
41
ll'JHI
is;
8.170(1
is;n 7!)
207:)7
lU
■yi7!>-i
:)8
147(1!)
UM
()S'J.'S8
I8a-jl 87
■JdMii
»s
:h«!,4
3M
l-.':i7:t
T2:t
7:)h88
lh3;l 114
ja7oii
HH
UflSiU
151
5470«
:)Mi
i()U2:ti
I s:i4i !)>'.<
:ini),i!)
ll.'i
4UU4()
141
:i0.is(>
:),^K
iu7(b.i
\HM, !)l
iKlftU
, ,
47(1
luyysa
I8;i(! luu
Vi2-iH
..
l»(i
i;iih75
SHIPPING OLTWARD.S.
1H'J4| 'H I
IH^Hi 89
18:11 104 I
lH:l'.ii !),5
18:t:t'i;)« ;
18:i4 l:i5
lH;tAjl42
183U 14:4 I
791HI 18
■.Vi-i6'J 7U
aaay;! 99
37a:i7
Sl.t.fi
SO447
52228
51500
92
Hit
12U
auii.
2 1:1 8.0
21272
27953
4HH:<
3671 (>
a
28
52
26
104
95
1395
8015
9915
7:169
9860
498yu
I
4K
187
255
213
■MA
350
4(i,s
479
r.'(i32
(Ilfi82
fi4.')SU
72:159
loom
1151.15
I27i:(9
1 305 1 J
No steam vessel has yet been introduced into the
colony, though the adaptation of sucii, for keeping
up the intercourse between Cape Town and Algoa Hay,
is indisputable; a diligent search should be made for
good coals, for if these were discovered, a steam in-
tercourse with India and Australasia, riit the Cape of
of Good Hope, would speedily follow. The annual
commerce of the colony may be estiiiiated at nearly
a million sterling in imports and exports.
A sumninry view of the Trade and Navigation of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope in the year ending
5th January, 1836.— [B. B.]
PORTS.
Vessels
Inwards.
Vessels
Outwards.
Total
Customs,
Duties
alone.
Total Revenue;
collected by Total ' Total
the Customs | value of ' value of
No.
Tons.
No. Tons.
including Fees imports Exports.*
and Wharfage,
Cape Town .
Coastwise
Port Elizabeth
Coastwise
Simon's Town
Coastwise
287
80
28
45
30
98996
7620
5275
5663
10435
292
79
21
47
28
99495
7400
4093
6082
97C)4
305
£.
18244
1370
139
£. j
21646 i
1504
193
£. ' £.
■498565 328579
• 39817! 33299
■ 26561 402
Total Colony .
Coastwise
345
125
114706
13283
341 113352
12; 13787
19753
2;';343
541038
362280
Total
470
127989
468
127139
* Exclusive of the value of these articles, shipped as stores to merchant vessels, or supplied to H. M.
Navy, the former averaging in Cape Town, this year about 70,000/., and the latter 3,000/.
In 1827, Algoa Bay was mads a port of entry, and
its trade thus rose : 1828, imports, 65,201/., exports,
41,290/. ; 1829, imports, 63,491/., exports, 59,300/. ;
1830, imports, 99,742/., exports, 60,828/. ; 1831, im-
ports, 65,518/., exports, 65,351/.; 1832, imports,
3 R
112,845/, exports, 86,931/.; 1833, imports, 213,309/.;
1834; imports, 236,563/.
This comparatively large extent of commerce has
arisen from the industry of the British settlers, and
the intercourse which they have opened with the
R> (
K
!'»'■ ;
■
jf
490 r,\VV. OF conn IIOPF-COMMFIirK, MONETARY SYSTKM
KaflTrcR, and other niitivo tritii-g : the KalFn- trade in
Hill
1)1
li;;
h:!
li'
tlie first IM inonthH iit'tfr if* opening, imiirrd imtivi*
produce into (irnham's Town, (chittly ivory), to the
nniouiit or :<2,()00/.
A coinpnrBtive stnti-mcnt of the collection* nt the
Fort of ('H|)e Town, for the years endniK Titli Jun.
1837 and lH3r,.
Collections.
Year ending
5th January,
1837.
Year ending
5th January,
1836.
Jncrcasc.
Custom Diitips
Govi'rmuciit Fees
^^l\n■housc' Kent
WharfuKP . .
JE.
l>r)l!72
738
38(>
'J77C
£.
18214
(iHt
3.'">8
2:i.')9
£.
7477
r.3
28
418
Total
■2%T2
2lf.45
7;'7»".
wine, oidiiiary, 111 gullonn, \'2t. ; wool, I iri,:)7|||,4^
7,3.''>3;. ; otIuT nrticlft, 'i.'JXU. ; tot;il 47,307.
in order to Hhewthc increaae, and deereiiKe of mjnic
of the articles exported, I give the t'ullowiiig ;
!'rlncl|inl nrtirli'H iif Kxpurt cfimpU'to ai rntnrnx affiird.
A summary view of the Trndc nnd Nnvisntinn of tliis
Colony, in the year ending Tith Junimry, 1H37.
Vessels
Vessels
a
Inwards.
Outwards.
3l
PORTS.
^>
No.
Tons.
No. Tons.
S?Q
^
1
£.
£.
Cape Town . '324
108581
302 103157
25722
29f.22
Coastwise
(•,4
52'.»1
84 77f.()
Port Klizftheth
25
45fi0
19 353r.
2894
3035
Coastwise .
3'J
4250
41 4342
Simon's Town
32
11811
31
11349
221
308
Coastwise
2
382
2
3('i8
Total Colony .
381
124952 352
118042
28837
32905
Coastwise .
105j 9'J23|127
12470
Grand Total
'4Hf)
1
,134875
,479
1
130512
1
IH'iO
IH'il
Total value of Imports and Exports : Cape Town,
imports 780.073/., exports 330,199/,; Port Elizabeth,
imports 87,240/., exports 47,307/. ; Simoi\s Town,
imports 23,243/., exports 877/.; grand total colony,
imports, 891,102/., exports 381,383/.
The aL-ive exports are exclusive of the value of ar-
licles shipped as stores to merchant vessels, or su])-
plies to H. M. Navy, the latter amounting this year
to 3,082/.
Port Elizabeth, articles exported in the year ending
.5th January, 1837, aloes, 30,808lbs., 285/. ; beef and
pork, 028 casks, 2,323/.; bone (whale), 2,000ll)S.,
100/.: butter, 00,3391bs., 2,412/.; candles, 500lbs.,
18/. ; corn, grain, and meal, 5 muiils, 8/.; barley, 27
muids, 11/. ; beans and peas, 332 muids, 302/. ; oafs,
1,000 muids. 209/. ; wheat, 84 muids, 81/. ; feathers
(ostrich). 20lbs., 51/.; fruits (dried), 31lbs. 1/.;
hides (hoise and ox), 17,947 in no., 15,470/.; horns,
58,571 in no., 2,115/.; horses, 1 in no., 9/. ; ivory,
20,7.54lbs., 2,540/.; oil, viz. seal, 170 gallons, 10/.;
■whale, 6,174 gallons, 012/.; sheep's tails, l,4941bs.
19/.; skins, viz. calf, 412 in no., 98/. ; goat, 72,060,
4,858/.; kip, 0.34, 171/.; seal, 345, 270/.; sheep,
6,087,444/.; spirits, viz. brandy, 118 gallons, 45/. ;
Ullow, 286,8G51b8., 4,427A; wax, 2,O0Clbs., 122/.;
lb*
J4K0II0
l.t.^HtMt
t«4H(ll
urin'irt
.Vii)o;i;
IH'JII IMII.MiO
iH'j; liiu.iK!)
IH'iH lllliLIH
in'j()':i;.i7;»l
is;(l
I HM
|s;u
lH:r,
ih;iij
3
.V27i;i
!iK.i;il
ilU.'O
Ibi.
VSin
l.'MIH
■iU'iO
•iim\
niti"7H
4HV5H
■Jltl
t)(i;ll)
•2fi71t
40-<'JO
1IJ7!I
tiiii'i
■J I (108
1^
Kalloii*.
Kalliini.
2t',;l()
4\M)l
Ulhilll
;i!mi;i
■iiiH)
Iihu:i4
77.^«s
jMiHin
:ii3ji
1.
i
IS ^
1
"a
*
*
iS
pli'coi,
117'J7ll3
I'ilU.^.II
UITU
U:ii:ini
u,Mn7
l.'SIHOH.^
iu»7r.w
I().iiih:i
i-jiiiHii! :i<ii:i7i
1U2UUI() iliHMi
ir.iii7
KlU'illH
'.jlilKl.l
lb*.
■iHOII
;t7'.'no
l;t;r.i:(
:i7;i:iH,i
'Miti.KI
lt7i;iH:(
!,M:m |(l.Vln-JH 1 i;iH|i;i
:iloi.i2'j|,-,Miis
lll,',(is:l ■j;Miy.\
ll)H,
•inmi
•i;mic)
••i.ti'tii
4:iir:i
'^1)1 II I
:li.Mii
tirriiio
i:)ii;7
An account of the weight of Cape hides linportiil
into the I'liitod Kingdom in each of the seven years,
ending with 1832; 1820, 7,520 cwt.; 1827, 12,207
cwt.; 1828, 12,9'i3ewt. ; 1829, 15,8(4 cwt.; |m:!(),
19.957 cwt. ; 1831, 10,900 cwt. ; 18,M2, 13.193 cwt.
The imports at the Cape consist of every variety iit
articles of Kritinh manufacture, and tin extent fn
which our trade can l)e carried, it is ilitlieult to state,
for an outlet has now been opened for ealiccii's, ker-
seys, ironmongery, guni»)wder, Stc, in exclianj;e for
ivory, hides, gums, horns. &c.
Xlll. The Monetary System at the Cape has been
very imperfect, and its lliictuatioiis have eaustd j;rriit
distress to private individuals, and iinich ruintu iiut-
chants and others, whose active pursuits reijiiire n
frc{|uent convcrsiim of capital ; a brief lu'cuiiiit of
the past, will be, therefore, rccjuisite, in order to form
a correct idea of the present state of currency and
banking transactions in the colony.
Holland, up to the period of 1780, had forwarded
every sort of supply, with exact punctuality, to the
Cape, but the war between England and America,
and the part taken by the Dutch, left the colonists
of the latter power in extreme distress. To provide
for the exigencies of the occasion. Governor Van
Plattenberg was compelled to create a paper cur-
rency, and from 1/82 to 1784 (when he resigned
the Cape government) 925,219 paper rix-dullnrs
were thrown into circulation, on no other security
than the good faith of the Dutch giivernrneiit, and
a solemn promise of redemption when piMce would
permit the accustomed supplies to be sent from
Holland. This stipulation was fulfilled by the anni-
hilation between 1787 and 1789 of rix-dollars Hj.S.fHM,
by paying that amount in specie and bills on Hol-
land, leaving only 99,326 rix-dollars afloat and in
circulation.
A precedent was thus set for the creation of papfr
rix-dollars on any emergency. In 1793 tlit colony
laboured under a very pressing iiieonveiiiency from
want of a sufficient circulating medium, the aniouat
not then exceeding 200,000 rix-dollars ; with a view,
therefore, to public relief, and for the purpose of
checking those usurious transactions which naturally
accompany a contracted currency, the Dutch Com-
missaries-General (Nederberg and Trikennices) formed
CAl'K OK GOOD HOFK.— MONKTAUY SYSTF.M.
I 'J I
nf.,r.74iiM,.
;»o7.
rciiitcof .Hiiini'
'ilig :
;uriiii affurd.
Ihi.
9H0I)
.l7;i;lH5l
liirtjft.iii
,!i7i;w.i'
llil5(!H:l
i
*
lilt.
iin'jiin
•J;ini|)
■(;ii;:i
ii:iii;7
I l;ihli:i
■Jl.'iHliS
iidcs iin|inrti'il
IP si'vcii yeurs,
1HJ7, lli.Jll?
I J c'wt. ; Ih:iii,
I, lli.l'JIt cwl.
very variety "I
till l'XUM>t tn
ilVu'iilt to stntc,
ir calicnos, kcr-
1 exchange tor
iCapi- has been
\\i: caiisi'd ;;rriit
h ruin ti) nuT-
uits r('i|iiiri' n
ii'l' iiccinint of
1 onU'i' ti) Ibrin
cunt'iicy ami
had forwiirdtil
;tiinlity, to the
and Aiiu'rica,
I't the colimists
To proviile
IdoveriKir Van
a paper cur-
fii he resigned
her rix-d(illars
lother security
Ueriinieiit, onil
In peace wouM
he sent from
Id by the aiiiii-
lidlars H-2r,,9()4,
hills on Iliil-
aMoat and in
jation of paper
|y:t the colony
Iveniency from
Ji, the ainouiit
with a view,
|ie purpose ol
liich naturally
Dutch Coni-
Inniccs) formed
the iimtitutlnn nf n l.ointmrd or loan Imnk ; 1,000,(10(1
ri\.d(dlnrH wrrp drclnrcd to he nn Rdi'ipintR circula-
tion for thp colony, nnd i'.ho.ooo rix-d(dhir» were i\d-
vnnced hy vnriouH instnlnientii to form the ciipltal
of the loan bunk, uiiiler the directinii of n prcsKlcnt,
two roMiini»sioiiern, ii cnshier, nn.\ hooV keeper, nil
nppointed hy uovernnieiit. I'he coininissioiiers were
mithorised to lend iiioiiey nt .'< per cent, on tiiorluuKc
of |i()Ui*ea mill Iniuls, (told, silver, jeweN, luiil iiier-
idinndisPK, or other articles that could " lir .«/(// " for
|M mouthii, hut not longer i nnd on gooiU of n
niore perishable nature lor a period nut exceeding
nine months.
In I7'.»'i, the circulntion of Cape rix dollars (('./■•
f7u.«ii''' of the capltnl of the Lombard bnnki iiad risen
to til l,'-'7(i. without restinp; on ;i shadow of reni pro-
perty, or even on a (iovcrnnient en(;nKi'inent, the rix
dollar bohiK itu'rely n counter, pnssini; current in all
the various purchases nnd snies within the colony.
On the Uritish conipiest of the Cape, in \'l'.l^>, Cio-
vernor Sleii'kcns obtained from the hiimnnity of
(ieneral Crnis a stipulation, that tlic (iovernmcnt
farms and public buildings should be n security to the
ladders of (W ' ,2~li rix dollars, lenviiin the loan of the
l.oinhard hank protected by its own inorti^n^es. Thus
iHir capture of the colony gnve the paper money-
holders the first security they had ; ntid on our eva-
cuation, in |M()H, this security was given over in np
iinproved state to the Dutch Government. Kven the
additional sum of ;U)(),0(iO rix dollars, created by Ge-
neral Craic, in conscipiencc of his inability to \m)-
cure hills on Kngland at pnr, was accounted tor and
honourably discharged by the British government,
whose conduct formed a striking contrast to the Ua-
tavian Government, which, in breach of its faith,
received bills nnd specie for the ;}.'<(),0()0 rix dollars,
hut irilhftui ctinci'llini; papir to a like umonnl of rij:
dnlkm.
On our evacuation of the colony, in IHO.'J, the
whole amount of paper in circulntion was about
L',nor),()0(l rix dollars, nearly half of it bottomed on n
nominal security, for the Government lands nnd public
buildings were by no means worth the sum they were
pledjied for. This security was, however, in a great
nira'iiire, swept away by the Dutch Ciovernment, in n
proclamation of 1804, calling in the irhulf of the old
paper money, and issuing a new set of paper dollars,
without any reference to priority, thus setting the
(picstioTi of a preference of security nt rest, and gain-
ing 32,000 rix dollars by the non-appearance of old
paper on the re- issue.
From this period to 1806, there was an ndditional
ciiinase of :U)(),()00 rix dollars. The Hatavian Go-
vernment, under l''rcnch auspices, seems not to have
been ut all scru|iulous as to the means by w' "'
money was to he ac(|iiircd. A (lart of the Go
nipiit farms, which were i)ledged as a security for tb>,
impcr rix dollars, were sold for 80,000 rix dollars,
without the annihilation of tlie currency, for whose
faith it was supposed to be a security ; in ('■ , not a
paper dollar was recalled or repaid by tl riitavinn
(lovernmeiit after 17H!). In this sad st- »., is regards
the credit of Government, we again oecame masters
of the Cape, when every mercantile transaction was
lifeless, and the currency was withheld by the timo-
rous 'n the apprehension oi loss, and hy the usurious
in the hope and in the exaction of high interest. In
ord;r to relieve the public wants (says the cirii ser-
rant, who wrote such an admirable account of the
Cape, in XH'.i, and to whom 1 am indebted for many
valuable suggestions and much information), "Lord
Cnledon, in that unerasing endenvour tu benefit the
colony which mnrked his Lordship's conduct through-
out his adn.iniHtrntion, established a bank if discount
in |M(iH, and advanced as a capital, without interest,
the Niiiii of 100,(1(10 lix (lidlais from thetrensury. Six
per cent, was the legal rale of interest at that time ;
but the hniik \\as allowed to receive deposits, nnd to
pay an interest of five per cent, cu nil sums hdt there
for a year, or more, nnd the public ollices were in-
structi'il to carry their daily receipts to the bank,
thus making a eiuisnlerable nddition to its lloaling
balances." In Juiu', INIO, Lord Caleilon ni;thorise(l
the creation of 1,000,000 rix dollars, half of which
were to be ajipropriated to the use of the loan bank,
and the remnining .'iOO,000 for the purehase nnd re-
pair of public buildings. This latter sum wns not
issued until I Hit by Lord llowden, nnd wholly ex-
|)ended before the close of his goveriuuent,
Lord Charles Somerset, on his nrrivnl in IMM,
(dinnged the wise system of deposits sanctioned by
Lord Caleilon. Notice was given that no more would
be received, nnd that those in hand woiihl be dis-
charged nt the end of the year. Th" rtithdrawnl of
the interest on deposits inllicted n severe blow on the
progressive prosper:' v of the colony. The mensure
wns nilopted on the nien that, on any ser'ous alarm,
the whole niuoiint deposits ^about 1,000,000 rix
dollar J might be wi. hdrawii, with lU) other penalty
than n forfeiti"' of the interest, nnd the cnpital of
the bank bein,.' only 10i,O00 rix dollars, its ruin
would . cert i.i. This was, however, a very pro-
blematical evenf; nnd to avoid ;. 'istnnt, remote, nay
ai.nost in'pi .dble con* ,,i'ncy, a >.crtain and imme-
diate evi!, fraught witi; ' stress to the whole colony,
v.as madly incurred 'i •;». discounts were now |)ro-
curable with great n li'julty — mercantile s|)eculntion
(the life pi^d siul of a eommcic ■' ocople, like the
Knglisli ni ,i i> ich) abated — a pi. .:'.n wns held out
to the n; lewal 'f usury, and nn eiicoiirag nient to
hoarding, ^wo oi the most serious disadvanta es 1 at
can take ])lace nniong n smnll comi.iiinity, ..i:. r
endui'ing all the misfortunes which such nn unstntcs-
mau-like step may be supposed to have created lor
seven or eight yiars, the (Jape Government, desirous
of remedying the distress wdiicb it had caused, notified
in IM22 th '-isuing of 200,000 rix dollars in (iovern-
nient debe^aures, bearing four per cent, interest.
Those who have the slightest knowledge of the bear-
ing of financial measures on a mercantile community,
will admit that so partial a measure could not restore
freedom of discount and a rapid interchange of the
representntivc of property, whether it be in paper or
metallic money.
The progress of the paper circulating mediuni ,^1
these transactions was, from 1H02 to 1h2l', as fol-
lows. In 1802, 11. Ds. 1,200,000; in IHOCi, R. Ds.
2,083,000; in IHl 1 , R. Ds. 2,.'')H0,000 ; in 1814, R.Ds.
3,100,000; in 1822, R. Ds. 3,00.1,27Ci. The paper
rix dollars thus created were issued at tht rate of 4s.
sterling, and for a long period maintained this value,
being nearly on a par with the Spanish ('ullar ; but,
from various causes, a great depreciation took pl^'.i
in the value assigned to the rix dollar. Some ascrioed
this result to an over- issue beyond the wants of the
colony ; others to the circumstance of 50 i.OOO being
too suddenly thrown into circulation by Lord llowden,
in nddition to the ,')00,0()0 lent to the bank by Lord
Caledon ; several thought it was because paper money
had no real value, not being hypothecated on land or
a portion of the revenue. Perhaps each and all of
these causes contributed to lessen the value of the 4t.
I
11
h
1: ■ i
4'.i2
C.M'K OF (JOOI) HOPK.— MONKTAUY SYSTFM.
rix dolliir ; luit to these must nlso be added the return
tociihli |iayiu('iit.s ill Knglnnd in 181'J, whieh of course
ntlected the rates of exehaiif;e lietween the C'npe and
CJreat liiitiiiii. The deprceiution was rapid, and its
ellVct on the eoloiiy may be seen from the fact, that
3, 000, 000 rix duMars at 4.t., yii'ldin;; a nominal ster-
iiiiS of CiOO.oOO/., was reduced in a few years to
3,000,000 rix dollars at Is. M. (the rate now fixed by
lioverninent), yielding but a nominal sterling of
li'jr^OOO/. 'I'he result of such a change to n small
coinmunify may be imagined ; many were ruined —
the (piiet transactions of con\meree paralysed, and
the colony has never since recovered from the shock.
There is no private hank in the colony, but a l.oin-
biird (or loan) and discoiuit bank before referred to,
under the control of ("lovernmcnt, who derive profit
fiom the discount of bills.
The capital of the Lombard was in 1830 — In the
Long I.oan Fund, S{),<.)">'J/. ; Short ditto, 1,31.')/.;
Agricultural ditto, n,(;4:».; total, '.(3,'JIO/.
The funds of the Discount Hank, consisting of
deposits belonging to Government, and to those indi-
viduals who have opened accounts with the Hank
amount to ll.'.''),000/. ; its capital being about 30,000/.,
and its average anniuil discounts '110,000/.
Amount of I'din-r Ctinfuci/ in Ciirul(ition.— [n. R.
183Ci.] The amount of red stamped rix dollar notes,
created and issued in lieu of old caitoon notes, up to
May 1832, as before reported, was —
R. I)s. C.
2,(>t;7,'.H;o or 200,097
of which were destroyed to the
end of 1834 (and replacc<l by
sterling notes sent from Fug-
land) . . 7fiO,000= .')7,0()0
l,'J07,'.»<iO= 143,097
and during 1835 (and replaced
as above) . . l,.56r.,000=l 17,4.'iO
In I83r>, notes of the saine de--
scription (also rejilaced by ster-
ling notes) have been destroyed
to the amount of
Shewing an excess on Red
stamped notes of
To which is added Cartoon
notes destroyed in Ih3.'>, and re-
placed by sterling notes .
341,!)C.0= 2.'>,(;47
3r)r,,200= 2f),715
14,240 =
(■>,440 =
1,068
483
Total excess . 20,r)80or L.'i.'il
The notes which have formed this excess, have un-
dergone the strictest scrutuiy of the parties whose
signatures they bore, and as there could be no doubt
of their being genuine, they could not be rejected by
the treasurer. Reports have at dilferent times been
made to II. M. government in to the causes of the
excess in the colonuil paper currency, and it may
therefore be unnecessary to detail them here. As all
rix dollar notes, however, of whatever description,
have now been called in, to be replaced by sterling
notes, which do not atl'ord the same facilities for for-
gery as the fiirmer paper, and as the present mode of
cancellation will totally preclude their fraudulent
reissue under any cireumstanecs, it may he expected
that this species of currency will, before long be
placed on a permanent footing, as well in regard to
the exact amount in circulation, as to security against
lutiire excess. During 183;"), a sum of R. Ds. Is, 042
or l.l.'iri/., consisting of the last instalments of the
Stellenl)osch Fire Loan, and the balance of the Sluirt
Loan Fund of the Lombard Hank, in old Cartoon
notes, also in excess, was destroyed, but as it was ni)t
replaced by other currency, it has been omitted in the
foregoing return.
In lieu of the rix dollar notes destroyed to the end
of IH.'if) (with the exception of those alluili'd to in
the piecediiig paragraph) {lovernment promissdry
notes (sent from F.iigland) have been issued as nndir:
To the end of 1831, .'•.7,000/.; in 183,'"), 1 I7,MH/.;
in 183<;, 2r>,71.'i; total, 201, (".48. Of which have
been withdrawn from circulation in 18;u;, and chii-
celled, .'■i,!8.')/. ; balance, I9(),4ri3/. ; and nplaceil l)y
new to the same value, .'),18.'>/. ; making the (iiVuial
amount of paper currency in circulation, as far as can
be ascertained, 20l,ri48/.
There are, however, without doubt, unobjectiona-
ble notes of each description of the former cm nncy
still outstanding; but as before stated, the aiiKnint
must now be inconsiderable, although no estimate
can be formed thereof with any prospect of acciiiacy.
The (Jovernment promissory notes in eirciilafiun
on 31st December i8.'!(i, consisted in 93 iiDfes of
100/. each, 9,300/.; (■)20 ditto of ,''.0/, 3 1,0(10/. ;
3,027 ditto of 20/., ('i0,")40/.; 4,414 ditto of Iti/.,
44.140/.; 3,393 of .'•./., 41 ,9C..'^i/. ; 14,703 of \l'.
14,703/. ; total, 20l,(;48/
.■Iniiitoit of Coin in iiniddtinv — fH. H. 183(1.] The
Hritish currency introduced into the colony from the
year 182.5 (when it became a legal tender) to Hl'9
inclusive, by the t'oniniissariat, to meet the expeiiill.
tiire of the military eslahlishmeut, amounted at the
indofthe latter mentioned year to I ri9,H(Hi/. in sil-
ver ; 2,200/. in copper, and 80,000/. in specii', liiivc
been imported by the Commissariat, during tlic yiar
ending 31st March 183(i. A considerable dimiiuitum
has, however, undoubtedly taken place in theanumnt,
nearly 40,000/. having been shipped to Ceylon iind
Van Diemen's Land by the Commissariat; and it is
known that remittances have at ditl'erent peiimis,
been made by nrerchants and others to F.nglnnd ami
elsewhere, in specie. About l(>,0()0/. in gold lins
been imported into the colony by private imlivnhinls
during 1836 The present circulating niedimn in
metal, may therefore be computed at nearly l.'id.Odit/.,
exclusive of surh sums of gold coin as are also occa-
sionally introduced by passengers of vessels and others,
but which cannot be at all estimated, the whole lieiiif;
naturally liable to much lluctuation from a variety of
causes, which must also prevent any exact or approxi-
mate calculation of the amount.
The coins in circulation arc exclusively British,
consisting in gold of sovereigns and half-sovereigns;
in silver of a few crowns and balfcrowns, sliillini!:*
and sixpences ; and in copper of pennies, ballpeiinifs
and farthings : there is no colonial coin. llerMnji's-
ty's government having established the Hritish coin
as the ciri'iilating medium of this colony, and liavina
directed that Hritish silver money should he n Icgnl
fender in discharge of all debts, due to indivldiMiU
and the public, at the rate of l,v. i'ul. sterling, for eiu'li
paper rix dollar, and so in proportion for any gniiter
or less sum ; the value of the ri.x dollar, foriiierly the
only currency in the colony, was accordingly lixed at
that rate by ordinance of the (iovernor in Coiiiitil,
No. 2, bearing date the .5111 day of June I82:>. The
coins in circulation have not been cut, pierced or
otherwise defaced or altered : neither have their re-
spective values b 'en diminished or augmented.
Fiiifijin t'uins — are in very small (piantities, and arc
CAPK Ol- C5001) UOPK.— STAPLF, PRODUCTS AND PUOl'KRTY,
-lyn
not used ns a circulating medliiin. They arc princi-
iiully Spanish dolhirs aiui a few rupees. Their value
(iciHiuls iiiiiiDst entirely upon the occasional demand
liir thoin. The usual excliangeahle value of the Spa-
nish dollar is from 3.>i. 'Jd. to [is. 1 ()</., or at most to
lis. Ill' , and that of the siecn rupee from Is. M. to
1,>. H'li. Other rupees when in demand, are disposed
(iliit iihout 1.1. Ill' each, hut tlie general price does not
i.\cml l.v. l4''- <>r si" skiHinjis.
All pulilic lurounts have since 1st January IM2(),
lict'ii rt'iidi red in liritish eurrency ; nlll>i)iii;h auion;;st
|invnti'|»'rsons, the old mode of reckoiiiiii; in rix dol-
liirs, bkdlinfjs and stivers is in many instances still in
vise. The proportions arc as follow : —
1 stiver is ■= Os. Oji/.
(■) stivers = 1 skillinR = Ov. •2\il.
H skillinus= 1 rix dollar = l.v. Od.
Ciiiirsr of hUrliiiniir. — [B. H. IslUl.] Prior to (he
titli Jinie \i<2tt, the exchange hetween this colony and
Criut Hrituin, was chiefly regulated hy the average
nite at which the Oonimissariat Department disposed
ol its hills on the Lords' Commissioners of I lis Ma-
jesty's Treasury. Hut as on the above-mentioned
(late, the value of the dollar was fixed hy law at
l.». i'ul, sterling, hy order of the (iovernor-in-Council,
No. 'i ; the exchange has also in a manner become
sfttii'ilnt that r.ite, with slight variations, depending
iipciii druiaiul. By the instructions to the Commis-
sariat, hills negotiated on the British Treasury, were
issued at a payment of lOW. lO.v. for every bill of
KUI/., being at a premium of one and a-half per cent,
npiiist the colony or remitter; which in some mea-
siiriTtKuiated the premium on private hills ; although
the liitirr were often sold at par, and .'sometimes even
at a (liscoimt, according to the credit attached to the
parlies, whose hills or endorsements were in the
iimrkit. But the great want of funds in the military
chest, consequent upon the great increase of expen-
diture, causi'd by the late Kaffre war, has for some
tiniei)ast necessitated the sale of Bills on the British
treas\uy at par ; and even at this rate, few aiiplica-
tiims have been made for their purchase. Private
hills therefore arc at a higher rate of discount than
formrriy.
The standard measures of this colony are similar to
those of Amsterdam.
I.iiliiid Mriisuic. — A legger = I.'i2 old gallons, nr
aliout I2() Tilths imperial ; a half do. — 7<' tlo., or
ahoiit fiM 7-22 do.; a pipe =110 do. or about <»1
"•llthsdu. ; a half do. = ;').'> do. or about 1") ;(-l Itbs
(1(1.; an uiun = 3W do. or about 'M 2-;!r(ls do.; a
half do. ■= ly do. or about 15 .''i-tUhs do. ; an anker
- !)i do. or about 7 ll-12ths do.; a half do. — 4:i
ilo. or about 3 2;f-2-lths do. ; a flask = ly-.'12 do. or
about .4',) ir. do.
There can he no fixed proportion between gallons
and the bottles in use here, as the latter are of various
sizes and descriptions, but generally a gallon is
reckoned e(|ual to 4i bottles.
Cnrn Minsiiir. — A scbepel = ><2-U)7 old Winches-
ter bushel, or "l.'l- 10(10 imperial ; a moid is 4 sche-
pels = ;tjH.i07 do. or 2y72-1000 do.; a load is 10
miiids =; ;):'H(1.|07 do. or 2y72-IO() do.
Tims 1(17 Dutch schepels are e(pial to H2 Winches-
ter bushels, or four scbepel are aluiut three imperial
Imsliels, and 1 1 schepels are about one (piarter.
L'tolh Mcamri'. — One ell = 27 llhynland inches;
(Uipyard = Xi I7-20;hs do.
The proportion between Dutch ells luid Knglish
yanis is generally taken at three yards to four ells,
l)ut the real one is 100 yards - 129 l-yiii ells.
Land Mi'asure. — 144 aquarc inches == 1 scpiare foot
llhynland ; 144 do. feet — 1 do. rood do. ; (iOO do.
roods = I do. morgen do.
A morgen is generally taken to be e(|ual to two
Knglish statute acres ; but the true proportion is con-
sidered at 4y 71-100 morgen to 100 acres.
The weights generally in use in this colony, are of
the standard of Amsterdam, and were introduced by
the Dutch Uovcrtiment. They consist of pounds sub-
divided into ICi oinices or 32 loots each. The (iro-
portion generally miide use of here in comparing
Dutch with Knglish weight, isieilbs. Dutch to lOOlbs.
Knglish : the true proportion, however, is considered
to he y I 4-rdhs. Diitcii to lOOlbs. Knglish or avoir-
dupois.
The pieces of weight admitted to assize, are from
.lOlbs. down to one loot, or the H2nd part of a poinul,
which is regarded as e(|uivalent to ^ an oimce, though
slightly exceeding that proportion. [B. B. iHHti.J
XIV. Corn, wine, wool, provisions, oil, aloes, and
fruits are the staples of this tine colony, but many
other articles are either produced in the country, or
obtained from the neighbouring nations. There is
an annual exportation of corn, and it brings, as flour,
a higher price at the Mauritius, and other markets,
than the best American.
The corn of the new settlers in Albany suffered much
at first from the ' rust,' liut it has now almost disap-
peared, and tlie introduction from Bengal of a hard
flinty grain, termed ' l';itna wheat,' has been produc-
tive of good. Barley, oats, and Indian corn thrive well ;
the latter is admirably adajited for fattening swine,
the export of which, in the shape of hams, bacon, and
salt pork, is yearly increasing. Two crops of potatoes
are raised in the year, of a succulent and yet mealy
((uality ; and the nutritive property of every article of
provisions is abundantly exemplified in the fat and
liealthy appearance of the people. Agriculture is
as yet <piitc in its infiuicy at the Cape : the Dutch
boors are so heedless of manure that they allow it
to accumulate until it reaches a mountainoiis height,
when they set fire to the mass as a means of getting
rid of it ; some of these massifs (which would he so
valuable in Kngland) have been known to continue
burning for seven years.
U iiir has long been a staple export of the Cape,
The culture of the vine was introduced at first into
the colony by the ref(ii;("e Protestants, after the
revocation of the edict of Nantes, but it received ii
ciuislderalile stimulus, when the dominion or iiiMu-
ence of Nap(deon extended over the greater part of
the wine countries of iMirope ; the British (ioviTii-
ment wisely considered it desirable to encourage the
growth of the vine in i>ur own colonies, beyond the
power of foreign nations, and by a government pro-
clamation of the lytli of December, |H||, the
merchants and cultivators of the c(dony of the Cape
of (jood Hope, had their nttenlioii directed to tlie
wine trade as "a consideration above nil others of
the h;f;'icst importance to its opuh'nee and charac-
ter ;" tills proelamation, aiter tiiiihoriliilh-rlij de-
manding from the settlement a serious and lively
attention to their interests, promised " the must
i-iin.il<int xiipiiorl (tiid i>tilniiiiii!;i' nn tlir fnirt itf i^nri'in-
mi'iil, and that no means of assistance should be
left unattempted to improve the cultivation, and
every encouragement given to honest industry and
adventure to establish the success of the Cape com-
merce in lltin III')- ij;n'itt and nalirr siiprrioiitii."
This proclamation was followed hy 'i. .ther offering
l>irmiiii)iii to those who planted most Inrv^r/ji, and
m
' '' : [
m
m
lit
-Ii
-;:M
4y»
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
1
those who produced the beat wines, by the promise
that the old channels of this trade should be re-
opened and new ones formed, and by a variety of
regulations, ail 8tronc;ly evincing the lively inter-
est which government felt in promoting the trade,
and which was fully ratified and confirmed by the
Act of July, 1813, admitting Cape wines to the
British market at one-third of the duty then payable
on Spanish and Portugal wines. The consequence
was a rapid and constant increase from the above
period of the quantity of wine produced, so that in
the space of eleven years, the annual produce (as
appears from official returns) rose in the wine dis-
tricts from 7,33.') leaguers (117 gallons imperial) to
iy,23() leaguers.
In this state the trade continued till 182.'), when
the duties on all wines underwent an alteration, and
notwithstanding the urgent remonstrances of the mer-
chants, and others interested in the trade of the
colony, suijportcd by the consistent patronage of
Earl Hathurst, who was still the Colonial Secretary,
the protection was suddenly reduced from 2H/.to 11/.
per i)ipe, with a further prospective reduction of about
21. !.')«. per pipe at the end of eight years. The effect
of this reduced protection was the immediate niin
of some of those largely engaged in the trade, and the
general depreciation, to a great extent, of the pro-
perty of those who were embarked in it, and from
which it was impossible for them to withdraw their
capital.
The property embarked in England, and in the
colony, in the trade in Cape wine, was reci^ntly esti-
mated as follows : — vineyard lands and growing vines,
1 ,200,000/. ; buildings, stores, vats, &c. in the country,
60,000/.; buildings, vats, &c. in Cape Town, 300,000/'. ;
brandy, casks, kc. 100,000/.; wine in Cape Town,
125,000/.; stock in bond, in England, about 10,000
pipes, at 12/. each, 120,000/. :— total, 1,'JO.\000/. A
very small portion of the immense capital thus rin-
ployed can be withdrawn under any circumstances,
ever, by its present possessors. In the gradual decay,
and ultimate rum of the trade, it will perish and be
utterly lost to the country. — Even the soil in which
the vitics are planted, is in general unfit for any other
s])ecies of profitable culture. Wheatcannot be raised
upon it, and what is now an extensive vineyard would
be altogether contemptible as a grazing farm. The
fustnge, buildings, &c., might at once be committed to
the ttnmrs. C'a|)e wines have formerly had in general
a peculiar racitiefis which much injured their sale in
European markets ; this was most probably owing to
the avidity of the wine farmers, who attended more
to (juanlil!/ than qinility ; whenever the latter has
been attended tn, the wine produced at the Cape has
been e(pial to that prepared in any part of the world.
The produce of wine and brandy in 1821, and sub-
sequent years, is thus given in a manuscript prepared
at the Colonial OIHce, and not before printed. The
quantity in leaijuers (a leaguer being l.')2 gallons)
1821, 1C>,2.'')4 of wine; 1,20.') of brandy; 1824, w.
lf>,183, b. l,32r.: 1h;;8, w. 20,40.'), b. 1,413; 1831,
w. 1H,4<;7. b. 1,382 ; -32, w. I (;.<J73, b. 1,3944.
//()(>/ will, in time, be one of the greatest and most
profitable staples of the (,"aj)e ; by an unaccountable
want of foresight it has long been ne:.:leeted ; but
stimulated by the example of New South Wales, the
colonists are now actively engaged in endeavouring
to replace the coarse woolled, or rather hairy sheep
fof which they possess 3,0ii0,000) for the tine and
pure blood breed of that animal, whose numbers at
the Cape now amount to upwards of .'SO.OOO — the
wool from which has brought '2s. 6rf. per lb. in the
London market. The Hritish settlers in Albany have
taken the lead, and are at present importing Saxon
and Merino rams from England and New South
Wales, the former bringing 15/. per head, and the
latter 30/. per head. Algoa Bay or Port Eli/,ul)Lth,as
it is now called, has thus increased its exportation of
fine wool ; 1830, 4,.')00 lbs., value 222/ ; 1h3i,
lO.r.OO lbs., value .'■),'J1/. ; 1832, l'.l,700 lbs., value
a3,'')/. ; 1833, 44,890 lbs., value 2,r.4<»/ ; 1834, ^Vj.iidi;
lbs., value 3,279'. It is a singular circumstanci' that
some of the original Merino stock of New South
Wales were rejected at the Cape, and then carried on
to Sydney, where they were i)urchased by Mr. M'.\r.
thur : had the Africans received the proffered boon,
they would probably now be exportinij; a (loanti'y
greater than that of their bnither colonists (see New
South Wales.)
The fineness of the climate, recpiiring no winter
provender, and the great extent of upland soil and
park-like downs, with the numerous salsola and sa-
line plants, so admirably adapted to prevent the tliike
or rot, shew the adaptation of the colony fur a vast
sheep fold, capable of supplying an almost itidelinite
quantity of the finest wool ; and, together with New
South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, rendering;
England not only totally independent of sopidi-s
from Germany and Spain, but really furnishiii'.' a
much finer and more durable and elastic wool, which
will enable us to maintain our superiority in woollen-.
against foreign competition : this is a view of the
subject which it behoves a statesman to attend to.
Prorisions, particularly salt beef, ought to be a
larger staple than it is, but I trust it will augment
in quantity as it certainly has improved in quality.
I can bear testimony to the excellence of the Cape
salt provisions : among other instances I may men-
tion one, namely, that when in H. M. S. Lfirn, in
1823, I, as caterer of our mess, laid in six tnonlh's
salt provisions at Algoa Bay, the price paid tor the
beef being, as well as I remember, 1^(/. perlb.; wewere
cruising for the next six months in the tropics, hut
the last cask of beef was as fresh and as juicy ns the
first, while the contrast between the Cape and our
ration provision from Cork was very great, the ad-
vantage being decidedly in favour of the former. At
present, cured meat is pretty largely exported to the
.Mauritius, and other places, but it should he used
for victualling our navy at the Cape, India, and West
Africa stations, the contractors being placed iin(.,r
the same supervision as at home, every cask heini;
examined and branded before shipment, and a luavy
penalty attending any default. Its importation shoidd
be permitted into England at a gradually decreasing
rate of duty, until it was perfectly free.
Oil. — The fisheries of the Cape have not yet been
sufficiently attended to : during the calving season,
whales come into every bay on the coast, to hriiii;
forth their young, and thus, in some seasons, a gond
number of these immense creatures arc taken ; hut
there have been no vessels fitted out for whaliin
along the coast, or among the islands to the iioiih-
ward of Madagascar, where the sp<rm whale ahounds,
and where, under a genial clime, and en atiiiospiieie
never troubled with tenq)ests, the Anieriian whalers
fill up in a few weeks. ICven in Delagon Hay, almost
a part of the colony, I have seen 20 whale ships,
English and American, but not one from the conti-
guous settlers at the Ca|)C. A good banking system
would afford a stimulus to such profitable umlertBk-
ings, and the .\fricanders in tliiu instaniv, us well m
Name of the
Coiuitv
or District.
1
.a
!f
rape Town*
Capp District
.Sti"llenl)oscli
ir'ii
ll:ii
Worcester. . . .
3.") i;
Clan William
24.-i;
Swellcndam..
I2ni
Oenrffc
8(10
I'iteiiliaL'C
13!)
Graff licinct..
inn
ncaiifort
42
Altianv;. ....
Somerset . . . . j
90
Name of
tlie
</i
^
County or
3
X
District.
*i
>-
et
a
V
d
1
5
ca
tape T.lj
tape Dis.
I2:i8nn
V(
Stellent)0.
1)783;)
2i:
Worcester
.'•3214
34S
Clan.Wm.
3fi;o«
n
Swellcnd.
iiM.im)
847
•iCorKC ..
24,-3.'!
137
Viteiiliajfo
111)01
IK
Graffliein.
iy92(i.
6:
Beaufort
3628
21
Alliany ..
Somerset
248801
*9
Total 4f)329!)i2184
CAPK OF GOOD HOPK.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
49.)
in that of wool, would do wtll to profit by the
cxamplp set them by their more onterprisinf? ncijih-
hmirs at New South Wales. Oil from vegetables
Plight also be extensively collected ; the olive thrives
luxuriantly where planted, and a rich and peculiar
nil, cnllceted by expression, from the srsnmiim plant,
may he obtained in large ijiiantities from the native
tribes to the eastward and northward.
The Aloe plant grows indigenously in most parts
of the colony, and a considerable quantity of the
inspissated juice has been exported for some years,
a large portion being probably used as a substitute
for taxed hops in England.
Fnnl.i of a dried nature, including apples, apricots,
peaches, pears, kc, have been long in great demand.
Hides, horns, ivory, gums, are also valuable branches
of produce.
Return of the Produce, Stock, *c., nf the Cape of Good Hope. [U. B. 1836.1
Nature of Ciop, and number of Acres of Land In each Crop.
Number of Stock.
Name of the
County
or District.
si
n
1
Vines and Gar-
den.
Mai/'
and M let.
u
1
.5
is
S.
• •
700
2
1
1 =
3'i
•J)
u
u
X
«3
S
5
§
X
d
73
5
rape Town*
Capp District
Sti'llfnbiit-ch
Worcester. . . .
Clan William
Svvellcndam..
GeorRC
t'lteiiliairc
Graff licinct..
neaiifort ....
Alhany;. .. ..
Somerset ....
Total ....
17160
11306
33476
24532
12000
3000
1397
1008
427
900
2315
950
I7IH5
5710
4200
2500
16(10
496
40
384
1280
1392
3fiH7
4703
80
12Sfl
1200
1305(1 4000 173
2631 7340 16
9992 4110 1 .
"948' 800' / ^
86no' 200; 75
650 35OO1 20
200 800 . .
40 540000 ..
36OO0I ..
238 341 160
117
86
t
280
7«
1200
28
"70
26
^{
60
10
35
130000
234U00
5176000
57605
9789011
38165
13750
26195
k
6397
1000
200
1 2106
160000U
263000
567630
193719
1087797
662
6750
6253
6250
9082
19355
3674
2500
8I9I
584
23350
14539
16 152
26217
31542
19351
40937
44733
7388
. ,
^ 5
25000 12000
7911 8(120
113747 37843
221927 73794
115092 7'>327
2(i2ti6 16884
72152 59917
701399 ..
2247OU' ..
107206
356HO
13592
36352
.597091 441
1781
201
700
15386616
1
87813
.5466116
63301
224549
I5IOI94 .306785
1
V'-' : .•
Nat
nre of Produce and quantity of each.
Price of Produce.
Name of
the
County or
District.
i
a
s
1
1
i
1
1
Oat Hay, lbs.
Maize &.vlilk't
bushels.
Peas, Beans, &
Lentils, bhls.
Potatoes, bhls.
If 15
Z. at
u
be C
cj =;
"1 «
^"
■a -N
C
rt —
^ IM
a =
Wheat, per
bushel.
Barley, per
bushel.
Rye, per bhL
.o
u
1
Oat Hay, per
100 lbs.
.Maize & Millet
per busheL
Peas, Beans, &
Lentils, ditto.
Potatoes, per
bushel.
Wine, per Igr.
of 132 ^llons.
wis
a w)
go
1
s. rf. s. li, s.d. n. li. K. d. s. d s, d. v. d. x. rf. i a. d.
tape T.ll
. ,
. .
..
, ,
, .
li lU 2 6 3 3 2 6
1 IJ 2 6 7 4 ,3 73 6
172 6
Cape Dis.
123800
27600
6900
60300
2620000 9'0| 206 12.50'
1770
80
li 2 3 2 2 4 6 3076 30 82 6
240
SIdleiitio.
67833
21390
8349
47409
llOOOOOi 4S0 1566 3000
1:1020
620
9 3 4 2 5 3 4 6 6 5
90
180
Worcester
.5:1214
:i497i
7374
29976
.. 1 .. ..;..;
3 Hi
791
1) I 6 2 3 1 lOJ .. .. ,6 2
60 IHO
Claii.Wm.
36;08
11421
9405
8S44
47
24
6 1 6 2 3 1 10) .. .. !6 2
60 ISO
Swcllciid.
9«500
84790
I8I6
809114
2410; 2932 7196 3018
835 92
1 I 6 1 9 1 6 3 |4 9 ,2 3
70 170
•leorKe ..
21733
13713
300
1824
5000 I8O9 200 130,
21 H
230
6 1 6 1 6 1 3
3 4 4 :i
140 216
I'iteiiliaKC
11991
11019
114
10173
25000
50
50, 500'
29
28
6 2 ,3 Oil 9
4 6 ;3 3 6 3
90 218
(irafflu'iii.
19920
3628
6:192
2116
344
352
••
1.52
61
62
62
6 3 1 ..!2 6
1 6 2 3 1 .. 2 3
.. 3 i4 :<
180 :iiio
Beaufort
, ,
..
.. '30
3 0:30
150 240
Albany ..
:
1 1
1
1
isonicrsot
24880
4997
••
1000
671)667
4450774
1162
7333
36 I8O0'
9254 8948
15
5
8 4 4 2i .. 2 6
5 5 IH 5 8 4 3
163 26»
Total
463299
218409
3I2S8
241186
16693 1282i
6 3 2 3j 2 6
1 1
1 lU
2 8 |3 9i
5 5} 3 Oi
1
103 6
210 7
* The (pmntity in the vicinity of the town Is very inconsiderable, t .\ small quantity of these articles are cultivated
in the District, for which no duty Is paid. Tlie quantity raised by the farmers is not stated. t No accurate acconnts
have been received of either stoel^ or produce for the last two years. 5 t'ndcfined. I| The produce raised in the
Cape Town District is principally used by the (grower. The prices (Minexed are the average of sales at the public market.
Mnnufactures, Mines, and Fisheries. [B. B. 18.'i().] —
Oipe Town. — There are seven water mills, one steam
Hour mill, two taniieries, one hat manufactory, four
lirewerics, three candle munufuctories, five siuilf nianu-
fiictorics; one soap manufactory; one spirit distil-
lery, two whale fisheries, four brick fields (two brick
fields, ovens at the military lines), one steam sawing
mill, one iron foundry. There are no mines, but eight
ijiiarrii's of coarse building stone at the foot of the
Lion's Rump. There are seven boats employed in
the whale fishery, &c. ; four whales were taken in
Table Bay last year, yielding about 10,000 gallons of
oil, valued at 1,200/. Small fish of various descrip-
I tions are also caught in large quantities, but their
, value is unknown. Very few whales entered Table
I Bay during this year. A manufacture of hats of a
I superior (piality has been recently established in Cape
! Town ; those previously manufactured were of a coarse
quality, intended chiefiy for the use of the country
people. Many articles of Colonial growth or produce
are annually exported.
Cape District. — There are two breweries near New.
496
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
m
lands, five tanneries, three whale fisheries, seven water
inills and 40 wind and horse mills for grinding. No
mines, but quarries of coarse building stone and lime
.stone. There are 17 boats employed in the whale
fishery, &c. Seven black whales were taken nt Kalk
Bay last season, when 10 boats were employed, value
of fish, 3tM. Small fish of every kind are taken along
the const for home consumption.
Stellntbosch. — There are two water mills and one
horse mill in the village, two tanneries in the village,
three tanneries at the Paarl, three tanneries at Hot-
tentots Holland, one water mill at the Paarl, two
■water mills at Hottentots Holland, one water mill at
Maddergat, and various water mills and tanneries
throughout the district ; one tile kiln near Stcllen-
bosch. This is the principal wine district of the
colony ; grain and all sorts of fruit are also produced
here in abundance. The supply of oranges is very
considerable, and the finest chestnut trees arc found
here. The average (pmntity of wine is estimated at
about 10,000 leaguers, and of brandy about 700 lea-
guers, per annum. There m". no mines in this dis-
trict, but stone for building purposes is found in
different parts : there are no quarries. I,imestone is
found near the sea coast at Hottentots Holland, and
is burnt by some inhabitants of that place and of
Maddergat. The value is Is. (td. per half aum. There
are several boats, employed at Hottentots Holland, in
taking small fish, which are either consumed there or
sold to persons present on the spot. Seven boats are
employed in whale fishing, &c. ; 1 1 whales caught
this year, valued at \,br>Ol.
IVorcester. — One water-mill in the village, and three
hat manufactories. Two hat manufactories at Clan
William. No mines of any description, and one quarry
of coarse building stone in the neighbourhood of
Worcester. Lime is also found in very great quan-
tities along the Oliphant's river, but is not used.
With the exception of the batteries on a small scale,
where coarse hats are made for the use of the farmers,
there are no manufactories in this district. Each
person is provided with either a water, horse, or hand
mill, to grind their corn for family consumption.
Two tanneries on a small scale are also met with in
this district, one at Worcester and one at Tulbagh.
On most of the farms the people tan skins for their
own use. A quarry of coarse slate, used for building,
has been opened near the town, and is there worked
by the builder. No mines of any mineral substance
have as yet been found in this district ; and if mines
were discovered, which, from the nature of the
country and external appearance of the mountains, is
not improbable, the want of labourers, fuel, and a con-
nient sea-port, would render the working of them
unprofitable to the undertaker. This being an inland
district, having no communication with the sen coast,
and no navigable rivers, no ships or boats are built
or employed by the inhabitants; neither are any of
them engaged in fisheries. In the division of Clan
William, there are also a couple of batteries of the
same description, and for the same purposes as at
Worcester, besides a few mills for grinding corn for
home consumption, and tanneries for the preparation
of skins for domestic use. There are no manufactories,
mills, or works of any descrijjtion in this division ;
neither have any mines or mineral substance been
found in it. This division borders on the west, from
the Groenwally to the Kousie River on the Atlantic
Ocean. The mouths of several periodical and a few
constant rivers, of which latter the Oliphant's River is
the principal, arc met in the tract of this coast; but
are all barred, either by reefs of rocks or by bars nf
sund, which unfavourable circumstance prevents uny
commercial enterprize on this coast.
Swellendam. — Three water mills at the village ; two
horse ditto at ditto ; three tanneries at ditto ; two
water mills near ditto; two tanneries in the villaj^eof
Caledon ; one water mill in Caledon ; two rljtto near
ditto; one ditto at Gnadenthal ; one ditto at Kiim-
one tobacco manufactory at Gnadenthal ; one tan-
nery at ditto ; one tannery at Elim ; one cutlery
manufactory nt Gnadenthal. There are no mines hut
quarries of stone for building along the const, parti-
cularly in the eastern part of the district. I, inn..
stone is also found along the coast. The (luantity of
lime burnt is very trifling, and only for private use oi-
sale in the village. There are between 40 and .">()
water and horse mills, and as many laniieilis, in
various parts of this district. Fishing boats aie also
kept by every farmer residing near the sea coast for
fishing for private consumption. Seals are cauu'lit on
Dyer's Island, near Cape L'Agulhas. The island lie-
longs to Government, and is let for three years ut
I. '">!/. 10*. per annum. There are four warm spriii^s
in the district. Fish of every description are enu{;lit
in this district, but for private consumption only.
Gi'orne. — Three hat manufactories ; one saddle
manufactory; three tanneries; one water mill; one
horse mill ; all in the village of George. No mines ;
but quarries along the coast, one of coarse building,' and
mill stones, but the latter are seldom used, on nccoiint
of their softness. There are six boats employed in
the whale fishery, &c. Only two whales were taken
this year, valued at 300<., which is ascribed by the
proprietors of the fisheries, with great reason, to the
number of American vessels constantly fisliin;; on
our coasts. There is a seal island in Mossel Iky,
which has been let for a term of seven years at
VAl. Is. (td. per annum. Much corn is annually ex-
ported from Mossel Hay.
Vitcnhas^c.' — Two hat manufactories; two tan-
neries ; also several saw, wind, and water mills. Tlicrr
is a lead mine, situate about 12 miles from Port Kii-
zabeth, but it is not worked. Six boats employed in
the fisheries. Quantity caught this year, five whales,
value 6()0/., and C81 seals, value 444/. The annnal
value of other fish caught averages 4.')/. The St.
Croix Islands have been let for the term of seven
years for 187/. 10*., and the Bird and Cliuam Islands
at an annual rent of 20/. l.«.
Bi'aufort. — One hat manufactory in the village;
one ditto in Nieuwveld.
Gratiff Reini't. — Five hat manufactories in the
lown, and several mills and batteries in various parts
of the district.
Cotfsherg. — One hat manufactory; one ditto at
Camdebo.
Allmny. — Two water mills near Graham's Town;
one ditto on the Koonap ; two ditto at Batliurst ; one
wind-mill at Graham's Town; two ditto near Ba-
thurst ; one ditto nenr Kafir Drift ; one ditto at
Trappes Valley ; six tanneries in various parts of the
district; one hat manufactory nt Graham's Town;
two breweries at ditto ; one tile-kiln near ditto; two
candle manufactories at ditto. No mines of any
dcscrijition are worked in this district. Several qtinr-
ries of good limestone are found between liatluirst
and the Fish. Abundance of stone for building pnr-
jjoses is found in every part of the district, and nu-
merous (|uarrie8 have been opened, the most remark-
able of which is situated near Bathurst. The material
here found at a few feet below the surface is a stratum
of indurated lii
fjimrried, hut hi
Many indicatio
not yet been a.s
rieli iiiul abundi
return for the i
nient of found
eaiight here in
Siimcnii't. — '
ditto near ditto
two tanneries ;
.Several part.s of
liniestoiie, aii<l(j
and at Cindock,
Salt|)etre is souk
rocks at the nor
never been foui
attention to thi
lime produced at
Inisliels ; the vn
parts of the Fish
trict abounds w
merely taken by
tion. Somerset
only engaged in 1
tants. The norti
contain some of '
From these (|uar
nually supplied w
A few farmers hai
(luction of fine wc
(Juaiitity of fis
folony — IH whales
;i,;(4!)/. Total nu
The value of pre
I'mpirti/ atinuiilly
into Mmriihlc or li
for I."iO,()00 mout
M),{m),mm lbs. at
I.IIMIOO mouths, at
Skction 1. Maur
in the Indian Occa
Isle of Bourbon, ai
Madagascar, bctwee
S. I.at. and the nr
Long. It is nearly
length, about forty i
E. to W,, and comp
cial Knglisl) acres, o
The greatest diaii
and its breadth 44,
length at .'t.'i and the
II. The island wa:
I'lin Pedro Mascare
Ruese {iovernment
(iuvernor .Mmeida.
Cmu'. The I'ortug
any settlements the
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.— STAPLE PHOUUCTS, PROPERTY.
4<)7
of indiirntrd limestone ; it is easily worked when first
fjiiairied, l)iit hardens on exposure to the atmosphere.
Miiiiy indications of iron ore are met with ; l)ut it has
not yet heen ascertained whether the ore is siitticientiy
rieh and ahundant to hold out the hope of a profitahle
return for the investment of capita' in the estahlisli-
nu'iit of founderies or iron-works. Small tish are
eausht here in ahuiidancc at the Kourie River.
Somi'rsct. — Two water-mills in the village; two
ditto near ditto ; two ditto in the Tarka division ;
two tanneries ; one hat manufactory; one brewery.
Several parts of the district of Somerset abound with
liiiu'stone, an<l (piarries have been opened near Rodeval
and at Cradock, both on the banks of the Fish River.
Sidtpi'tre is sometimes met with in the fissures of the
rocks at the northern end of the district ; but it has
never been found in sufficient ipiantitics to attract
attenticni to the collection of it. The ([uantity of
lime produced annually may be estimated at ICi.OOO
bushels; the value to the burner is 100/. Many
parts of the Fisli River whicli runs through tliis dis-
trict al)ounds with mullet and eel ; but they are
merely taken by the inhabitants for private consump-
tion. Somerset is a pastoral district, and trade is
only engaged in by a small proportion of the inhabi-
tants. The northern and eastern parts of the district
contain some of the finest pasturage of the colony.
From these ([uarters the Cape Town market is an-
nnally supplied with cattle and sheep for slaughter.
A few farmers have turned their attention to the pro-
duction of fine wool.
(juantity of fish caught in 1836 throughout the
colony — IH whales, fiHl seals and small fish ; in value
;!,H4'.)/. Total number of boats employed, 47.
The value of property has thus l)een estimated : —
I'lopi'iiii luinunlhj created, and consiimml or ronreitrd
into Miwcnidc tir Immovi'itbli' I'rupvrtij . — Animal food
for iriO.OOO mouths, at 200 lbs. each per annum,
.■)n,iHHi,(iOU lbs. at l.ii/. per lb. 1H7,.'')00/. ; fish for
\M,{)W mouths, at 2.') lbs. per annum, 3,750,000 lbs.
at \hd. per lb. 7,H()0/. ; vegetables and fruit for
ir)(),000 mouths at \d. per day, for ;tf).'> days,
228,12.">/. ; butter, eggs, milk and cheese for l.'iO.OOO
mouths, at \hd. per day for 3(i.") days, I14,0'>2/. ;
grain raised of all sorts, (JOO.OOi) bushels, at 3.v. \\d.
per bushel, lO'i, ()()()/. ; wine, 1,700 leaguers, at 60,«.
per leaguer, .'> 1,000/.; brandy, l,i.'8,'i leaguers, at
IMO*. per leaguer, 1 1,.^)*),')/. ; luxuries, such as tea,
sugar, cofl'ee, Jtc. for l.')0,()00 mouths, at l^i/. per
day for 3(').') days, 1 I4,()rr2/. ; wearing apparel, .''>/. each,
7.">0,000<. ; household furniture, at 10'. per bouse,
100,000/.; increase of agricultural stock, viz. horses,
sheep, Sec, (;oo,000/. ; net income from commerce,
trades, and professions, "),''>0,000/. ; value of exports
not included in the foregoing, 100,000/. ; total annu-
ally created, 2,92'.), 1 14/.
Mnri'iildc I'lufierlij : horses, 100,000, at 10/. each,
1,000,000/.; horned cattle, .".00,000, at 2/. each,
1,000,000/. ; sheep, 3,000,000, at 3.«. each, 4.''>0,000/. ;
goats, r>00,000, at 2.V. each, ('.0,000/.: swine, I ('.0,000,
at 1/. each, 1('.(),000/.; poultry, value 100,000/.; fur-
niture tor 10,000 houses (1 estimate a house for each
1,'> mouths), at 50/. each, 500,000/. ; clothing for
150,000 persons, at 10/. each, I, , 500,000/. ; machinery,
farming implements, (tc, 800,000/. ; bullion, includ-
ing coin, 150,000/.; ships, boats, &c., 150,000/.;
merchandize of all kinds, 500,000/.; total moveable
property, ('.,910,000/.
Immoretihli' Property: houses, 10,000, at 100/.
each, 1,000,000/.; land cultivated, 300,000 acres, at
25/. per acre, 7,500,000/. ; land uncultivated, but
valuable, 10,000,000 acres, at 5.v. per acre, 2,500,000/. ;
private stores, buildings, &c., 300,000/. ; roads,
bridges, and wharfs, 500,000/. ; forts, gaols, hospitals,
and other public buildings, 1,000,000/. ; vines, plan-
tations, Ike, 800,000/. ; total immoveable proi)erty,
13,('>00,ii00/. ; property annually created, 2,',»2'.»,l I I/. ;
ditto moveable in the colony, ('.,;H 0,000/. ; ditto im-
moveable in ditto, 13,000,000/.; total, 23,43'.), 114/.
' '■•!■ ;'; '.
■i. i' r
i ■■ ■
I.
CHAPTER II —MAURITIUS, OR ISLE OF FRANCE.
Skxtion 1. Mauritius, or Isle of France, is situate
in the Indian Ocean, 40 leagues to the N. E. of the
Isle of Uourbon, and IfiO from the great island of
Madagascar, between the parallels of l'j.58 and 20.32
S. I.at. and the meridians if 57.17 and 57.4r> E.
long. It is nearly elliptical n form, measuring in
length, about forty miles from N. to S., and 32 from
E. to W., and comprises an uret of 432,680 superfi-
cial Knglish acres, or (iTCt s(|uart' miles.
The greatest diameter of the oval is (.3,780 yards,
and its breadth 44,248 yards. Some estimate the
length at 35 and the breadth at 20 miles.
II. The island was discovers, in the year 1507, by
Don Pedro Mascarenhas, n navigator of the Portu-
guese (ioveinmeut in India, under the orders of
(lovornor .Mmeida. Mascarenhas i\amed the island
O-nii'. 'I'he Portuguese do not seem to have made
any settlements there during the period they were
masters of it, which comprehended almost the whole
of the sixteenth centi.''v ; they appear merely to have
placed some hogs, goats, and monkies on Cenir and
hourbon, in the event of any of their vessels being
thereon wrecked.
In 1580, Philip II. of Spain having become \)os-
sessed of the Government of Portugal, acquired the
nominal sovereignty of Cerm', but totally disregarded
it during the period of his sway, viz. for eighteen
years. The Sjianiards were unable to maintain the
posses.sions in South America, and the West Indies,
originally belonging to Portugal : while the success-
ful Helgic or rather Dutch insurgents of the Castilian
Monarchy appeared in India, to dispute with the
successors of Vaseo De Gama the sovereignty and
commerce of the rich territories nf the oriental
world, and in 15'.H, the Dutch Admiral, Vnn Nerk,
at the head of a large scpiadron, landed on tiie unin-
3 8
■I!IH
MArniTirs.-oFon'^MMiY.
Iiabitfd Islo of CiTu', tnul. possession of it mid rmnii'd i
the i)lnce Maiiritiii.i, In honour of tiie Prince of i
Ornngo, I
'I'lu' Dutch do not iipiioar to have, nt this time, '
settled permniicntly on Mnnritius; thiy, however,;
orensionallv touched iit u,c island to water. In \l'<\'.i, j
an Kiiglishniiin, Cnptain Cnstleton, coiuninndin;:; an I
Englii-h ship, visited Mauritius, and found it still !
uniuhnliitid ; in which state it continued until some
pirates in the Indian seas settled on its shores ; but
at wlint precise period it is inipossihic to say. Tlie
Dutch had, undoubtedly, regular governors appointeil
to the island, who resided at '.irnnd Port, from I Ci-M
to 171'.', when MiUiritius wn? finally abandoned by
the llolliuulers, and subseipiently colonized by the
Prencli, with a lew settlers from the contiguous island
of Bourbon ; its lornial occupation not taking place
until I "'J I , when the name was changed from iSlini-
liliiis to Isle of I'ranee, and the territory given by the
King to the Kreneh Kast India Company, under
whose sway it remained from 17i'2 to 17'i7. The
inhabitants, howiver, for a long time were chiefly
composed of adventurers, refugees, or pirates, from
all nations, and it was not mitil 17.'<(), that the Home
(iovernment and the Trench I'^ast India Comjiany be-
gan to pay attention to the island, liv sending en-
gineers and other persons to form a regular establish-
ment ; the real hv.uukr of the colony, however, was
M. de la I'lourdonnais, who was sent out as Ciovernor-
General of the Isle of Trance, Hourbon, &.c. in 17:^4.
Dp to the arrival of M. de la Bourdonnais at
Mauritius in I":''-'), the Trench Kast India Company
had been at considerable expense in maintaining the
island, which was considered to be solely fit for a
refreshing station for their ships, while Bourbon was
made a great coll'ce plantation. Bourdonnais, in
order to save the Company's finances, introduced
the culture of the sugar caue into Mauiitius, esta-
blished manufactures of cotton and indigo, attended
to agriculture and commerce, destroyed the Maroon
negroes, founded a Court of .lustice, made roads, for-
tified the coast, formed aqueducts, arsenals, batteries,
fortificatioi'S, barracks, wliarfs, See. aiul in the eleven
years, durinu which his government lasted, changed
the whole face of the country, laying the founda-
tions of prosperity which subse(pient disasters how-
ever almost entirely destroyed. [I'he History of the
Colony during the Trench Ilevolution will be found
in my Cttlnnial I.ilininj, vcd. iii.]
The Marepiess Wellesley, when Governal-Gencral
of India in IsdO, projected and fitted out an expedi-
tion destined for the conquest of Mauritius and
Bourbon — the coinnuuul of which was given to his
brother Arthur then l.ieut. Colonel \Vellesley, who
was ft) have assumed the governorship on their con-
fpiest. [See Despatches of lln' Marquess Wellesley,
vol. i. to v. J The subse(pii'nt expedition of the Indian
army to Kgypt frustrated that against the Mauritius,
but it was urgently pressed on the home goveriunent
by the noble Mar(i\iess that no time should be lost in
destroying the nest of Trench pirates which these
islands liarboured. In all their enterprizes against
British commerce the Frendi were matirially assisted
by a set of (les[)erate American speculators who in-
fested the whole (if our ])ossessions in the east ; they
brought fast-sailing ships to the Mauritius, fitted them
out, met them at fixed stations, gave intelligence of
the sailing of all our trade ; bought not only the car-
goes of the prizes for the American markets, but the
hulls of the ships til eaiiy bi'ik to i>ur own sertle-
nicnts; and rbeie are strong reasons to believe collu-
sive bargains were entered into in anticipation of flip
captures made in conseipienco of such infelli;;i'ii(v .
in short this island was made a rendezvous for alltlu'
freebooters of every nation to fit out privateers and
commit depredations on T.nglish property.
To put a stop to these proceedings, a strong arma-
ment of 12,(1(10 troops, with 20 ships of war, wiis
therefore despatched from India, and from the Cape
of (iood Hope, for the coiKpiest of Mauritius in
IHIO: — a landing was effected some distance frdm
Port I.ouis, aiul after the Trench troops and n.itiiniiil
guard had suffered several repulses a capitidatioii \vn<
\ entered into, and the Mauritians became sulijiet to
I the crown of Great Britain. At the peace of \^\\^
I the acqiusition was ratified, and the island has ever
I since remained a coUmy of the empire.
The following is a list of the governors of the
I island. Trench and Knglish, since its colonizntiiin :
I — /•'(;(• Ihe French Kast India Cdiiijiinv/ — M. de Mynii,
[ 17-.'2; M. Dumas, l72Ci; M. de Maupin, I7l'm;'m^
I Mahe de la Bourdonnais, 17;'i.'>; M. David, I'U;-
M. de l.ozier Bouvet, 17.'>0; M. Mngon, \i:<:>';
] M. Boucher Desforges, 17"i'.). For the Kim; — M,
! Dumas, I7('>7 ; M. de SteinaiVr, \1M; M. k- ( In.
valier Desroehes, 17()9; M. le Chevalier de Jcinny,
1772 ; M. le Chevalier Guirand de la Brillaniie, ITVi;;
M, le \ icomte de Souillac, 1779; M. ie Chevalier
Brunni d'Tntrecasteaux, \1>*7 ; M. le Comte de
Conway, I 7hI) ; M. Charpentier de Cossigny, iT'iii;
M. le Comte de Malartic, I7!)2; M. de Magallun ile
la Morliere, IHOO; M. Deeaen, Captain-Ciiieral,
ISO;^. Far hia ISritiinnir Mdjiwti/ — M. R. J. Vnr-
quhar, ISflO; Major-General H. Wardc, Ixli;
M. H. J. Tarcpihar, ISll ; Major-(ieneral (i. .1. Hall.
I«I7; Colonel .1. Dalrymple, \x\H; Mnjor-Clenenil
R. Darling, 1HH) and 1H23 ; Sir R. J. T;u(|uliar,
Bart. |H2(); I.ieut.-Gen. the Hon. Sir Calliniitli
I.owry Cole, \H-2:^; Major-Gen. (Jolville, 1m27; M;i.
jor-Gen. Nicolay, l><H.'i.
III. The Mauritius is one of the most pieturcH|iu
and romantic looking islands in the eastern luini^-
|)here ; the land rises from the coast to the niiilille of
the island, and chains of mountauis intersect it in
various radii, from the centre to the shore ; tlurcaic
however, three iiriucipal ranges, in height tioin
1,800 to 2,H0O feet above the sea, mostly roveieil
with timber, and few i)rescnting, except at their very
sununits, bare rock.
Kjtent of the Isltrnd of ^fllllritills and Ihe llcizlil ci
ih Mdinilfiins. — This island offers in its outline, si
many bays, arms of the sea, and points or pnimnii-
tories, that it is ditlicult to determine cxattly \H
sujierficies. The following distances may he eoa-i-
dercd as nearly exact ; — Trom the signal post ol the
Butte aux Sables to that of the Port l.a Tayctti,
'J.WJ fathoms 7 ft.; from the Port l.a Tayettc to the
signal of the Puits des Hollondais, .'i,:!'.)'.) fathon.s 'ft.;
from the Well of the Ilolloiulais to the roek of tin
Pointe du Diablc, 7,yi I fathoms; from the Points ilii
Diable to the Mont Chaour, lO.sM fathoms ; fi"M
Mont Chaour to the signal of the Savaiie, ",s'''
fathoms ; from the signal of the Savane to the S W
point of the island, 11,2M() fathoms 2 ft ; fron\ tli
S. W. i)oint to the Pitou of the l.ittle Black lii^i.
fi,271 fathoms 4 ft.; from the Piton of the I. it*
Black River to the Coral Point, 4,(i:f'.» fathoms :i ft ;
from the C'oral Point to the Point of the ri\er Inl!-
isle, .'■), fill) fathoms 2 ft.; from the river I'.ellisie t"
the Sand llaiii, I,ri77 fathoms .'1 ft.; fiom the lainl
Point to the middle of the Great Kiver, 2,.JI.>* fathoms
from the (jrand River to the Canuonicr's Puiii',
picturciqiic
11 llCllli^-
niiiliili' (if
t'Ct it ill
tlu'iT arc
:lit IVom
; rovfiid
tlu:ir very
oiitliiu', su
primii'ii-
•xiKtly i's
he i(in-i-
f ist Oi till
I I'liyettf,
'ttC totlic
itlion.s 7ft.;
rork of tlir
oilltl' (III
umis ; fpvii
i'aiio, '."'''f
the S. W
from til''
lin-k Iti^ii.
,f tlic I i"l''
lioiiis 'J It-
ij\or IhH-
Holli>lc ti.
1 the l.nii'1
i fi\tliiini>
■'S ['.Mir
MAUUITIDS.— GKOGRAl'HY, GKOLOGY AM) Cl.i.M.XTl
41")
10, or, I fathoms 5 ft. ; f'iMtii tlio C'annonicr's Point to I stone, ami a .^pi'cies of lavu of a ^ti y colour, the soil
the Sank mark, 4,21 I fatlioms 7 ft. Cir("nnitrroncc of ^ priKliiced from the deeoniposition tliereof forming nii
the 'iiiil, 'JO,C)('>l fathoms 2 ft, This ciiTMioferenco ; earthy snhstnnee consisting ehiillyof argyi and an
is eciiial to 4.'> I'aris kai^iu's, or 3:V.^ marine len;;ues. • oxyde of iron.
In siippoNiiiK tliat tlie arm.s of tlie sea are nearly '
{'ompeii.sated liy the toiif^ues of the land, we mii^^t
reekon on the superficies of tiio island heiii^ l^o
millions 744,002 (toises carres) or 432,CjM0 roods of
101) perelies, n pereii consists of 20 feet. !
Ilri'sht of till' Moiinldin.s. — Si^inl Mountains of i
Part I.ouis to tlie foot of MiU de Pavilion, OtXi feet ; ■
Lull'.; .Mountain, at the foot of the Mat, ■)34 ; Piton,
at the foot of the MiU, 804 ; Summit of the Pouce, '
The tiips of the mountains are in general iiideiiteil
with piiints like the coinli of a cock ; the few which
have tlat summits present the appmraiiec of a pave-
ment, no signs of a funnel heing seen in any part.
A hank of coral surrounds the island for the dis-
tance of a ipiarter of a K a'.rue from tlu' shore, iiiid the
several inlets that appear on the coast liavi' all a coral
forma'ion at the hase.
The soil of Mauritius is in many parts exceedingly
'.',4^4 ; .Summit of the Peterhot, 2,.'i20 ; I'iton of the [ rich ; in some places it is a black vegetable mould, in
Little HIack Kiver, 2,,')(i4 ; I'iton of the Canot, | others a bed of solid clay or fpiaking earth, into
l,i;44; The Corps Av. Garde, 2,214; Rein|)art, , which a stake of 10 feet in length may be thrust with-
j,;*?!); Prom the highest summit to the Trois Ma- I out nieeting any resistance.
iiielles, 2,0,')2 ; Murne de In Riviere Noire, l.f'i'JH ; I The surface of the plain at Port Louis, is of coral-
Monie lirnbiiiit, 1,();)8; Montague de la Savant, I line or calcareous rock, with a slight covering of
:i,i;iO; Monf:ignc de C"reohs, 1,128; Mornedii Grand | vegetable soil; at St. Denis the soil is reddish and
lightly spread over a stratum of stone; at the Field
of .Mars it is a bed of rich clay mixed with lliiils; but
most generally the earth is of a rdldisb cidnur mixed
with ferr;iginous matter, which often appears on the
surface in small orbiciilar niasms ; in the dry seasons
it becomes extremely solid, and resembles potttrs'
I'.jrt, 2,(i'JJ; Pointe du Dialile, 318 ; I'iton du Hani-
iniii, 1,'J32; Piton du Militu, 1,812; I'iton de Pay-
Liice, 1,3:!>-; Coin de Mire, ISC; IK. Longiie, 324;
lie lihuichc, 1(;2 ; lie Uonde, <.)\H) ; I'arasol, 41)8.
In tlie centre of the island their are plains of table
liiiid several leagues in ciiciinifereiice, and of dill'erent
luvotidiis, forming the seveial parts of the districts earth from its hardness ; utter rain it becomes viscid
of Moka and Pleiiis \Vilheins. Prom among the j and tenacious, yet it recpiin s no great labour in cul-
rniiges of mountains several streams take their source, '. tivation. Many of the plains and vallies are strewed
riiiiiiiiig generally through deep r;\vi\ws, pervioii.s vvilli huge lilocks of stone, but there is no real sand
however to the bieeze and sun's rays. in the island.
The two principal ports are that of I'ml .■.(;ius, to V. The climate is on the whole very salubrious;
the N. W. or leeward, and the capital of the island, 1 there arc four seasons at Mauritius; the 1st begins
and the other that of Miilii'hiiitii:; or Grand Port on in May, accompaiiieil by S. I'"., winds, when sipialls
the S. K. or windward shore. I and rains occur; the 2d, with Sept. or October, when
Port Louis (the seat of Government), with a popii- i the S. K. changes to the N.W.; tiie sun now ap-
lation of 2fi,(iOO, of whom 10, 000 are a|ipientices
(I'lst slaves) and 3,000 whites, is a very neat town,
well laid out, and now that stone are being substi-
tuted for wooden buildiii
appearance. Th
j..,, presents a handsome
shops are numerous and well laid
pioaches the zenith, warms the atmosphere, causing
the rains and winds, which begin in December, when
the 3d season commences ; this is terminated in
Maich, when the 4tli or dry season begins, lasting
onlv about ciirht weeks. These are the seasons as
"It; the Diarkets admirably supplied, and the water ri gards the cultivator, but they may be generally
is of crystalline purity.
IV. The appeaianee of the island and the nature of
its material would indicate if to be of volcanic origin.
The idcks are disposed in strata, which rising from
the sea shore form in the centre of the island an
diviiled into two, when the winds blow from the
S. K. to S., and from the N. E. to N., forming a kind
of monsoon. The S. E. winds, although tin) . "ver
exceed a certain degree of foi"ce, are always more or
less strong and \ioKnt ; and tbouirh they give a cer-
I'livated |)hun upon whose declivity are several rocky tain freshness to the air, yi t, while they blow, every
inountaiiis. 'I'liese may be regarded as the remains thing ceases to vegetate. The winds IVoin the S.
of ;',ii immense volcano which having exhausted itself prevail in winter, and are cold ; I'., winds are imfre-
Itll 111, either by the effect of a violent eruption or (pient, and geiuially accompanied by abundant rain.
Iiy an eartlniuake, leaving its firmly supported sides The N. \V. and \V. winds are hot, often weak, inter-
standing. These mountains are composed of iron rupted by calms, violent storms, and great rains.
Meteorological Journal for 1833, 1834 and 1835.
Years.
Barometer.
Min.
Thermometer.
II
vgrometer.
Pluviometer.
Mean.
Max.
Mean. Max.
Min.
Mean.
Max.
Min.
|N3:f
18,34
1835
30.151)0
30.1150
30.1751
30.3041)
30.3515:
30.2825
30.0231)
2t).l)8(;i)
30.0215
71)., 33
78.31)
78.36
81.73
81.06
80.81
76.87 ^.xK
76.21 1 8.71)
76,32 1 <).04
1
17.80
16.53
16.41
3.(i5
4.16
3.N4
46.. l)..5
43.. 3.. 6
51.. 4.. 4
Mean ]
uf 3 i.
>em.s, J
1)0.441)1
1)0.1)381)
1)0.0323
2C).08
3.60
140 26.71
i
41».74
1 1 .65
141.. 7.. 5
30.1497
30.3121)
30.0107
78.61)
81.20
76.03
8.1)0
16.58
3.HS
17.. 2.. 5
••::i'
il
•J ■'. »
■i '! ■■
S/vi
; I
H
h ,
500
MAURITIUS.— CLIMATK.
Tlie loUowiiiK Meteorological Table will siiew the state of the Climate at Port l.ouis in 1831, prolmbly the
hottest part of the Island.
Thermometer.
Barometer.
Prevailing
Winds.
Weather.
o
■a
Months.
Max.
Min.
Days of Rain.
Rain.
Max. i Min.
1
Inch. Dec.
3
January
February ....
March
April
May
June
July
87
87
85
85
79
79
75
77
79
93
84
9G
77
79
78
76
71
73
71
72
70
73
72
77
30
30
30
29
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
29
29
29
29
29
30
30
29
29
29
29
29
S. E. &N. W.
N.W. & S. E.
S. E. & N. W.
S. E. cSt N. W.
S. E.
S. E. & N. W.
S. E. brisk
E. & S. E.
7, 10, 11, 17, 18.
7,9. 12, 13, 15, IC.
Ditto.
Rain and tempests.
Ditto end cloudy.
Cloudy.
Do. 18, 19, thunder.
1, 2, 5, r>, 15, rain.
2, 3, C, 9, 20.
None.
8, 9, 11, 22, 23, rain.
Showery.
8
10
10
4
1
47
19
4
91
85
57
5f)
59
m
sr,
40
1
August
September.. . .
October
November. . . .
December
1
At Black River Post the climate is in general warm
and dry, as the rains do not often reach the shore, for
the lofty mountains in the neighbourhood arrest and
attract the clouds and rain. The months of Septem-
ber, October and November are dry and moderately
warm ; the mean of the tliermoinetcr 79, and the
prevailing winds S. E., N.N. E., and N. W. In De-
cember, January, February and March, (which form
the wet season) the hr-'t is greatest ; mean 8^,
winds N. N. W., W. and S. v, April, May, June
cool and refreshing ; mean 70, \ inds S. and S. E. in
strong breezes. At the Powder Mills the mean heat
throughout the year is at sun-rise 70, afternoon 8f>,
and sun-set 72.
The mountains and eminences make up for the
difference of latitude ; and although within the tro-
pics, the climate is that of a temperate region.
The S. E. winds prevail for nine or ten months of
the year.
The range of weather round the coast is thus
shewn ; the average being deduced from the different
military stations.
Average range of Weather round the Coast— Mauritius.
Many of the East India Company's civil and mill-
tary officers seek and find health at Mauritius ; mnt
I have myself invariably found the air, ispctiully at
Moka, exceedingly elastic, and giving a pleasing flow
of spirits to the mind.
The hurricane months are January, P'cl)ninry iiiul
March, but these tempests do not occur every yinr
their return is uncertain. [Full informntion oii tlu'
Physical Aspect, Geology, Climate, Animal and W'^c-
table Kingdom, &c. will be found in my Culunial
Libriini, vol. iii.]
Variation of the Magnetic Needle in different I'laccs of
the Island of Maiiritiu.s.
Date.
Place.
Variation. Inclin.
Ther.
Months. I «
I K
January. .
February
March. . . .
April.
May..
June .
July. .
86
86
85,
88
82
I
80
"9,
74
August...! 80 71
I
September
October . .
November
December
Weather.
Warm and rainy, storms, sometimes
thunder.
\ iolent Kales, occasional hurricanes and
thunder.
W. S. E. rain less frequent, heat mode-
rate.
Fine season, delicions temperature.
Winds westerly, dry, and air agreeably
fresh.
8. E constant, rain in drops.
Ditto strong breezes by day, calm by
night.
Rain more or less daily, mountains cloud-
capt.
Ditto, ditto, principally harvest weather.
Temperate, sometimes warm.
Winds variable, heat increasini?, storms.
Ditto, ditto, Bun vertical, heat moderetcd
by clouds and rain.
1835.
June Ti Grand Basin . 11.17.10.1)
18.16.
May 'ifil Cascade of Chamard . 1U.1S.38.
June 30; Mahcbourg Hurricane Halli ..
August 2()| Signal Mountains. 'IhcJ
I same mountain near a
I group of magnetic rocks.,
Scptcm. 5! Camisard, at an elevation
I of 72 feet. I
7' The Garden of the Cr,m-,
mandnnt at Mahebourg. 11.44.14.
9] Folate du Diable
lil.4l. (I
5S.lii,;t7
^i. •!.
4(),S(). I)
.'>U,.5, (I
1833
Feb. 7, 12.
& 14.
1835.
March 3
June 21
Septcm.21
Uecem. 21
1835.
August 6
Septem.2l
Novem. 21
Uecem. 19
Var. by the observatory. |
55. I. (I
12. 6.58. 21
luclin. by the Observatory.
Mean var. at Port Louis
Mean inclination
[12.13.44
13. 9.37.
1 11.47.47
11.57.13
1
I
1
33,
(1:
12. 3 .4
.57.21 .(I
.0
.11
■J. II
i.
Description of the islands known uniier the name
of Dependencies of the Mauritius, containiiif; their
geographical position, their extent, their popiihition,
&c. :—
1. HmliisaucH. — This island, situated in 19.I0.10.S.
latitude, and C3.1 1.20 E. longitude t'lom (iiveinvicli,
is about 300 miles from the Mauritius. With uii ex-
tent of IH miles
It contains but
western coast d
oilers two plaec!
Mite and commo
very narrow ent
Tlieie is a good
■>. SI. Hiiindn
wliitli is 27 mile
lereiice, are seen
(iiie or two leagu
Ml latitude ll').2C>
troiii Port Louis.
place of security
live persons, wlui
|jermaiieiit settle
these islands are
^. l)ii'i::o (inni
"•J.,'t2 K. longitiK
tins. This islaiu
prises 12 miles fr
liirming a l)ay ca
vessels. The wat
(lug ill the sand.
three inhabitants
abundance of coci
The po|uilation en
■I. Six l.iliimU.-
they are situated ii
12 miles from Die
ntiiis. These \i\mr
shoe, present an
roiinii, and two fii
Imhitant of the Ma
'). Thrcr Ihnlhei
the Three Brothel
small nameless isll
(hiiigeroiis, on acco
it is surrounded.
the N.W. The '1
liiiiii tlicir nuinlier
unci 71.2H longitudi
ritiiis. Cocoa-nut
here; water is proct
islands have been gi
of the Mauritius, w
Ii. hlanili of Sill
have been named t
Hiid are in lat. 5.2:
from the Mauritiu
to tlie other islands
:in ahundauce of t
of tree atlbrding vei
40 feet. The large
and a half in circi
two smaller, three
miles; and the las
arranged circularly,
ehorage for vessels
7. I'l'i-ds I id nil 0.1.-
in numlier. in t>.'2'.i.
tnile, about l,i<f)0 1
islands, the large.st
|"i>g, present an ext
ill breadth, having tv
the other clangerou
the S.
N. Le<roiir hland.
liy the proprietor M.
il ilcrived its name
fiovcrnur Farquhar
i
vl
MAURITIUS.— DyCPKNDKNCIKS.
Ml
(U
•o
a
3
5J.III.H7
.14. a.
l(i,ifl. (»
S5. I. II
ii:t.5«. II
.iS..'ifi. II
5(i. ■.'. II
.'>|J. 2.
• the name
Iniiig their
lopulntion,
h.-in.in S.
Jlrceiiwicli,
litli nil e.\-
lent of 18 miles in lenpth and three or four in lircadth,
it tiiiitalns but nhout D, ()()() acres of arable land ; the
western coast does not furnish drinkalile water. It
(ill'ers two places for anchorage ; the one at the N. is
Mile and commodious, the other in the S. has but a
VI I y narrow entrance. It contains 123 inhabitants.
There is a good fishery.
2. .S7. Ilntnilim. — Near the bank of St. Brandon,
which is 27 miles long, 12 broail, and 72 in circum-
lerence, are seen 12 small islands, forming five groups,
line or two leagues apart from each other. This bank.
Ml latitude l(').2fl, and longitude .')•.). 3.'), is 246 miles
Ironi IVirt Louis. These islands are used only as a
place of security for fishing implements belmigiiig to
live persons, who thus gain a livt'liliood. There is no
ptrmnnent settlement here. In a great hurricane,
these islands are totally submerged.
,1. l)if!j:<i fliiiriii. — Situated in latitude 7.1.'i, and
7J.;t2 K. longitude, and 1,1 7<) miles from the Mauri-
tius. This island, in the form of a horse-shoe, com-
|iiiscs 12 miles from N. to S., and six miles in breadth,
lorining a bay capable of holding a large niiinbcr of
vessels. The water is saltish, and is found in wells
ilui; ill the sand. Its possession has been conceded to
three inhal)itants of the Mauritius. It produces an
uhundancc of cocoa-nut trees, and wood for burning.
The population consists of 27.') individuals.
1. Six Inlands. — Thus named from their number;
they are situated in latitude 0.3 ">, and longitude 7 1 .23,
"J miles from Diego, and I.IHH miles from the Mau-
ritius. These Inlands, arranged in the form of a luirse-
shoe, present an anchorage of eight or nine miles
nmnil, and two fathoms and a half deep. A late in-
hahitant of the Mauritius is settled there.
.1. Thref Bnilhers, — Hetween the Six Islands and
the Three Brothers, a distance of IM miles, are two
small nameless islands. The most southerly is very
ilangerous, on account of the sand banks with which
it is surrounded. Those of the N. are accessible at
the N.W. The Three Brothers derive their name
from their number ; they arc situated in (i.lO latitude,
and 71.2S longitude, about 1,2()'J miles from the Mau-
ritius. Cocoa-nut trees, fish, and tortoises are found
here; water is procured, similar to that at Diego. These
islands have been given into the possession of a planter
of the Mauritius, who employs 43 people on them.
('). hlinuls of Sdlniiinn — are 1 1 in number ; they
have been named the Eleven Islands by the French,
and are in lat. .').23, long. 72.3.'), about 1,27.") miles
from the Mauritius. The soil is in general superior
to the other islands of this Archipelago ; it produces
an ahiindauce of the cocoa-nut tree, and a species
of tree atfording very good wood, with an elevation of
40 feet. The largest of these islands is seven miles
and a half in circumference; the next, four miles;
two smaller, three miles each ; the other six, two
miles ; and the last, one mile and a half. They are
arranged circularly, and form a basin, with safe an-
chorage for vessels of small draught of water.
7. I'lros liiinlio.i. — A collection of small islands, 22
in number, in r).23.30 S. latitude, and 72.3 K. longi-
tude, ahuiit 1,200 miles N.l''.. of I'ort Louis. These
islands, the largest of which is scarcely two miles
long, present an extent of 18 miles in length and 12
in breadth, havingtwo passages to the N. ; one narrow,
the other ilangerous, and a third tolerably good at
theS.
H. Lcsoiir Island. — This island, discovered in 1H20
hy the proprietor M. I.egour, of Port Louis, from whom
it derived its name by the order uf bis Excellency
(Governor Fanjuhar, is bituated in r)..5<» S. latitude,
and 72.37 K. longitude, about 1,2.')() miles N.K. \ E.
of the Mauritius. Its length is about two miles, and
between two and three in width ; it is dilliciilt of
access, without anchorage, and devoid uf resources.
y. Thif IstaniLi uf Uriin^e and Umiiirin;. — These
islands are said to extend through (1.20 to 7.1,1 S.
latitude, and ()0.4 to r.3.M E. longitude; but they
arc of very doubtful existence. Some have supposed
that they Ibrm a part of the bank of Saya de Mallia,
the position of which is uncertain.
10. //!'■<»/('<,••«. -This island, in 1 0. 2'.). . lO S. latitude,
and .IC). ,').') E. longitude, about .'■)t'il miles in the N. ',
N.W. from Mauritius, is divided in two by a canal,
about .lOO fathoms in width, fordable at low water.
It is about 1 1 miles IV"'" N. to S.,an(l one mile and ii
half from E. to W. ; it is covered with cocoa-init trees
in the centre. There is but little vegetable soil ; and
water, which is saltish, is oI)tained by digging wells in
the sand. It is situated low, and is without anchorage.
A merchant of the Mauritiv; , who is in possession,
has established two maiuifactories of oil, which em-
ploy \'.)'J individuals.
11. Cuctiri, in 7.1.') S. latitude, and .'■)(;.23 E. hmgi-
tude, is about 708 miles N. of the Mauritius. Tliis
island, about nine miles in circumference, possesses
at the N. E. an anchorage for small boats from 2.') to
30 tons, but not a sullicient one for large vessels.
Its sand and coral soil is interspersed with .'iOO or
(loo acres of cultivated land, where maize thrives
tolerably well. The wati'r, which is procured by the
same means as in the other islands, is saltish. A
resident of the Mauritius, who is in possession of it,
employs 100 persons, who cultivate maize, and supply
him with cocoa-nut oil and tortoises.
12. Scjicfn-ilcs Islands. — These islands, 30 in num-
ber, of which many arc very small, form an archijie-
lago, which is the most considerable of the depen-
dencies of the Mauritius. They lie between 3.38 and
.') 4."). S. latitude, and between ,5i').15 and .'ili.lO E.
longitude, about '.)\!> miles in the N. i N.W. of Port
Louis. The islands are: — I. L'lle Maht' ; 2. St.
Anne; 3. Aux C'erfs; 4. Anonyme ; .I. Du Sud Est;
(i. Longe; 7. Ronde; 8. Moyenne; 'J. Theresc; 10.
De La Conception; II. Aux Vacbes Marines ; 12.
AuxFrcgates; 13. La Dignc ; 14. Piaslin; ir>. Les
Cousin et Cousinc ; Id, 17, 18. Les Trois Strurs;
i[). L'lle Ronde; 20. L'lle Aride ; 21. L'llc Felicite ;
22. L'lle Marianne; 23. Aux Recifs ; 24, 2.'). Les
Dense lies du Nord ; 2(i. L'lle Denis, the most
northerly; 27. L'lle Curieuse ; 28. Les Mamelles ;
2'.*. L'lle Silhouette, the most westerly ; 30. L'lle
Plate, the most southerly of the group.
The circumference of Mahe is 7;') or 7() miles. It
contains 72,7()8 roods of land ; the country is moun-
tainous, intersected with ravines, and interspersed with
rocks. The soil, which varies considerably, is generally
moist. On the E. coast (near the town of Mahe)
there is a bay large enough to contain 30 vessels of
considerable size. Mahe contains .'j.hIII iiiliabitants.
St. Anne is about a league from Mahe. The soil is
tolerably good, and contains about 1,200 roods of
cultivated land. The (lopulation is in number 24().
The Aux Cerfs is close to the S. end of the above,
much smaller, and contains 33 inhabitants.
The Anonyme Islands, from the S.E. a very small
group of islands near the preceding ones, are not
inhabited.
Long Island. This islet and the following, Round
Island and Moyenne, between the St. .Vnne and Cerfs
Islands, alone possess some little value, and arc culti-
vated bv 22 individuals.
k-
r
' y
^1
n:
m,
f
'i*
'i
■;'J ■
•IT
ti. I
Mi
MAliUrni.S.— SKYCIIKI.I.I.S.
lies ThrrMP, dc In Cuncoption, «!«» Vntlifs Marines
an; isletsi sitimtid to thu west, ami vury ni-ar Mah6.
'I'lioy iiri' iiiiijiliiit)ite(l.
TliL' rri(,'utu Island, tDWiiids tlic K. is not iiilia-
hiti'd.
I.a l)i);iiL'. Tlii>i siniill islaiul, thrco miIIcs liiiii;
uikI half a iiiilo in width, has nut luoru than J,()()ll
roodH cultivated, of which 1,454 arc granted, and
iiihaliitcd hy :)4 t individual.
I'raslin is the most important ol the cluster nftir
Muh6, and has hardly the third ot its soil cultivated.
Its census f^ivcs 2,'il I roods granttd; it has n ^'ood
Rnchora(;e towards the N., near Carion's Island. The
|io|iulation amounts to tOS.
Tlic Coi'sin Islaiiils are two islands inhahited.
Tlio .Sisters are three islands of small extent, inlm-
hiti'd by l.'> |)eo|ile.
The Hound Island and Harrcn Island, two islands
iidiahited, adjoining I'rnslin.
Island of felicity, a small island, having only ru
acres cultivateil, and a pofiulation of ^f2 individuals.
Marian Ularid, Aux Kecifs, Du Nord, Denis, Cu-
rieu.se, and Mamelle, are all small. The tv.'o islands
Denis and t'uricuse are the most important. The first
was (granted to Captain Jesage for his use, ond the
second to an inhahitant of iMuuritius. These are
ahout three miles Ion;; and one mile and a half wide,
and ."iOO acres uiicultivated ; the other is only two
miles lung and one wide, and has not more than l.OO
acres of good gruuiul.
lie Silhouette, very little elevated, ahout nine miles
in cireumference ; 1,,'>1.') acres are divided hetweeu six
proprietors The population amounts to Hid.
lie I'latc ; inhaliited. This island, of small extent,
has till lately been destined for the quarantiue oi
ships, when u\feetious diseases have raged on board.
l.'i. Li-s Ani'nitnti'.i. — This cluster is a eolleetii)n of
seven small islands, joined together hy a sand and coral
bank. Those islands which have banks of coral mixeu
with sand, and very slightly raised above the level of
the sea, arc — The African Island, L'lle Remire, 1,'lle
d'Arros, L'lle St. Joseph, L'lle I'oivre, L'lle des
Roches, L'lle Lamperiaire, l.'Ili' de la Houdeuse, L'lle
Marie Louise, L'lle des Neul, L'lle de I'Ltoile.
The African Island, the most northerly, is situated
in 4.>')y S. latitude, and W.\.\V2 K. longitude. L'lle des
Neuf, the nearc.st to the S., is situated in Ci.l'f S. la-
titude. L'lle Lamperiaire is situated more to die K.,
in f).4.'i S. latitude, and .Vi. Jf. K. longitude. L'lle
de la Houdeuse, more to the W., is situated in (i.l2
latitude, and in 'ui.A V,. longitude; the mean latitude
of this cluster is in .''i.S.V.'id S. latitude, and longitude
.l.'L'J.'). These islands, with(jut water, and valuable
only for their tisliery and turtle, are inhabited and fre-
(pientcd in the fishing seas(ui by some of the inha-
bitants from the Seychelles, to whom the following
islands have been granted for their use and enjoyment,
viz. — L'lle d'Arros, L'lle .St. Joseph, L'lle I'oivre,
L'lle des Roches, L'lle des Neuf, ^cc.
14. L'llf .ll/i/i(in.se, — 'i'his island .'JC miles to the
south of the Amiraiites is situated in 7.0 S. latitude,
and '>3 east longitude about M04 miles in the
N. i N.W. from the Mauritius, a little larger than the
other Amiraiites Islands, and ali'ording an ab uidance
of fish ; it has been granted for the use of im inhabi-
tant of Mauritius, but it is not yet inhabited.
15. J'rondinir /i/^/ziii —Situated in <J.1U S. lati-
tude, and 52.17 K. longitude, about 7-''i miles N N.L.
i W. of Mauritius. This island H miles long, and one
wide, has no anchorage. It has not any water, and
bus been granted to an inliabitaiil ol Mauritius, under
condition of receiving persons alllicted with I. pmsy ;
it hns M.'' inhabitants.
If). Jf II ilr Acre l.iliim!!!. — These iHlels 5 in miiii.
her, situated in Id. 1 2 S. latitude, and I5.5('i W . |i,i|i;i.
tilde, about ("175 miles N. N. K. 4 K. of I'urt Loui.h uo'
of small extent, and surruimded by a reef in the
northern part, where there is a tolerable good t.ii-
chorage. Their soil is similar to that of Pro^idtiict.
some cocoa trees siottered here and tin re, imiicuii.
I hat with some care this valuable tree would siii'ctiii
there. These islets have been granted to an iiilMJiitiiiii
of Mauritius, who died without making any scttli nu m
there; they were then given for the usi' ot tin' |irii.
prietor of Providence Island. I'heestablislmaiil lunniil
by the proprietor employs 7 people.
17. l/i' St. /'i(7)V!, is situated in 'J. 15 S, Intitndr,
and 50.55 K. longitude, about 75i) miles N L. J \V.„|'
Mauritius. It is six miles long, and one \\,\W- mui ii
half wide. It is iiihabitid, and almost iiiiieti..«sil)lf
excepting one jilaee in the N.K. where there i» u
little Mat sandy shoie, all the coast eon<i-.ls ol incks
of coral, upon which the sea breaks with imieli Niiikua.
18. SI. I.uiiniit Isl'inil, — .Situated on l.islit Cicot.
frey'b Map in ".(.44 S. latitude, and 51.JN \\, Umahuik
\i between I'rovideiici', Jean de Nove, and .St. I'icrre
Islands. Its existence is not certain, several ciipfaiin
mention its bearing, without having any kiio\slL'(lgi
of it.
ly. Astovi' hliind. — Situated N.N.K. of Mailii^a,-(:ir,
in 10.10 S. latitude, and 47.50 K. h.ngitiide, Iwu imly
a few resources for fishing. It has been graiituil lur
the use of two planters of Mauritius, who Imve not
the proprietorship of them.
L".). i'lixiiiuli'd lulnnd — situated in 't. 45 S. Iiititiidi',
and 47 40 {•',. longitude, has been grai.ted fur llu' ib,
of an inhabitant of Mauritius who hii> made no sitili-
meiil there. It is of little impurtunce, ami .sut-
rouiided by reefs.
•2\. A.s.wmiili(in Island — situated in '.).44 S. liititiiiK,
and 45.40 K. longitude. It is inhabited, and like tin
othtr surrounded hy reefs, except in the N. K. wluu
it IS accessible.
22. Aldaliia hliiiid. — This islet (/f little wcirlli, is
situated in H.27 S. latitude, and \U.\V1 K. luii^itiidi'.
■>'.\. Sand hland. — A very small islet sitiinted in
15.5;{ S. latitude, and 54.4;j L. longitude, about ;iOil
miles N. K. i of Port Louis.
24. .S7. /'(//// iind Aiimti-rdrim hliwd. — The tirst is
situated in 27.45 S. latitude, the other in .'W.b'iS.
latitude, mean longitude 7«.0, mean distniue frniii
the Mauritius Island 1,14() miles in the sotiiji-mst, ;i
(ew degrees south. These islands are ol vi'ry dilliciilt
access ; they oiler very little means ol sustaining lite,
and exposed to cold and wind, are only fi'i'i|uiiit('d
by vessels which go in search of sea cows wlndi iiru
tonnd there in abundance. (A minute detail ul tliiM'
islands has been given, because they lie so diitctly in
the track of Last India ships. The facts are ubtaiiad
from the Mauritius .Mmanaek for IH.'{h.]
Administriiliiiii nf llir Sriidiidii'n l.tliiiid.\. — Agent ul
the government, Ueo. I Ian ison, h«h/. ; uiiilir-a;;tiit
and special judge, Mr. Wilson, I'>2><1. ; jiul.s^e ol th;'
peace, G. A. .\. I'ressanges, 27'i/. ; police ollicer lilli"^
the olliee of king's solicitor, \. Savy, 111/.
\'I. The first settlers im the Mauritius were piratis
and in l(i57 their strength was coiisidtrablc. Aftvr
its colonization by the French, n great niiinln'r of ad-
venturers Hocked to the island from Liirupe, aad othir
places, and slaves were introduced from MiulagH.'wr
and Mozaiiibi<pie, but at what precise period we lue.e
no iccord. li would sieni that tliu island \\as iiiuu
[.opiiloim during tl
jiitidii, than siibsi
,„rd tlint. in I7!>2,
|HiX ill the Maiirit
ntati'd, hy Haroii
ami niiilnttoe^, I0,(
farei', national gii
hineka and miilatt
nrtillery, :t,o(IO ; to
Thi' statistic* wb
nini Olliee, ainl
IHitN, relative to t
|iiiliiti(iii tor mor
It will be sri'ii by
whites and slaves, t
l\iiii)U'H ; but in th
|iro|iiirtion of temal
til woiiieii slaves be
hrr tliaii men.
The comparafivi
iiihiiliitntitA from i;
County
or
District.
Port I oiiis
l'nni|ileinoMses
lliviire ihi Rempa
l''hi(i|
(iraiid Port
Sivaiiiie
Hivicie Noire
I'laiiies Wilbeins
Moka
Total
For U
This statement di
ini'ii and boys, and .'i
Clas-ilieatioii of i
actors and actresses,
I; linkers, |0; smil
enrppiiters, 15; whet
County
or
District.
Port Louis
IVmpleinoiises
Hiviere dii Rempart
riiicii
(inind Port
i^iivaiiiie . ,
Black River
Plaiiics Wilhems .
Moka
Total
MAUIUTIUS.— POIUn.ATlON.
60S
popiilniis (liirinR the porloil prior to tlu' Krcncli rcvo.
Iiitliiii, timn HiilixiM|iirii> to that iwriit, iih it is on rc-
(•(ird tlint. in 17!»-', 'JD.OOd pcrnons piii.slicMl of hmiiiH-
luix in the Miinritinn, In 17'.!',) the population was
pitntid, l)y Hiiroil lirniit, at — slaves, .ITi, ()()(), wliitou
null innlnttoc^, 10,011(1; total f').), 0(1(1 ; and the aniieil
fori'i', national guiiKl, hhickn a, id iiiiilattoeH, J,(iO(i,
liliicks iind inuliittoes, to serve as clinsHeur.s, and the
artillery, H.OO'l ; tfitiil ".,(100.
The sfnlistic* which 1 have derived from the Colu-
iiiiil OlVire, and tVoni the Mauritius Ahnnnnik for
IHilH, ri'Intive to the proy{ressive inciinse of the po-
|iiiliiti(iM tor more thnii .'.U years, are very enmplete.
It will lie !<('en hy the eeiisiiH of |M_'7, tlmt in the
whites and slaves, the males prepoiiilerateil over the
riiiiiiles! hut in the free coloured there was a larger
hroiiorlioii of (eiiiales, which, however, may he owiiii;
til wdiiien slaves heiiiK emancipated hi greater nuin-
hrr timii men.
The comparative increase of the three classes of
iiihuliiiaiits fiiiiii 17()7 to IH.'IJ, is thus nhewn : —
Colo
Years.
Whitos.
Tree.
17C,7..
:< 1 (ht
;.m7
1777..
:m;«»
II7,«
I7H7..
■i;«7:!
lij.-i:.
17!»7..
fc':n
;«7ii:i
18(17..
f.lHl)
r.'ji;*
1H17..
7:»7:.
lO'.lT'.l
lsii7..
Hill
16411
|h:»2..
'2(M0*
••
Total.
Slave*.
i:.(i-J7
IH777
lirWM
:il)7f.l
iCtH.'JU
4(1 i:i'.)
4'J(ImO
r.ydjo
i\y.\ci
777('iH
T'.i4>.»:«
'.•7H47
(;'./(i7C.
y.'c.'i 1
(■.a.'j(i()
H'jdifi
• No distinction of colour; the numher of slaves
in the island, in 1H,'<(|, is stated hy the returns to I'lir-
liamei.t, to he — males, 11,4.14; females, L'ri,'.".t.'t ;
total, CiT," IM.
A complete ccnBUAof the whole island, distinf;iiiRh-
inj; the inhahitant.s according to the (/«(i;7iVc.v, or
I cantons, for 1H27 :
Populatioii for 1S27 und 183:i, of Mauritius.
White.
Free.
Slaves.
Total.
County
or
Men
Women
Mm
Women
Men
Women
Men
.Women
District.
and
and
and
and
and
anil
and
and
Hoys.
(iirls.
Hoys.
tiirls.
Hoys.
Ciirls.
Moys.
tiirls.
Port 1 onis
I'JJl'J
14.18
:tn »7
41(;4
!)421
I\\!'X>
lie.'.)"
11;M8
l'iini|ilenioMses
r>()'j
.100
5'J8
71.1
r>;i48
■M4(-
7455
4!i(il
llivlero ihi Rempnrt .
:u) 1
21.1
705
7.12
5121
3035
fil3l)
4032
l'lllCI|
.in 1
487
717
7.V.»
58(;s
3520
7!ly
4775
(irand Port
47(;
■T.)2
(-.74
7h;
42:i7
253(1
53 K 7
3(; 1 »
Savaiuie
1 2:j
'J2
2oy
207
2:)(ii
inr.o
2r.y3
l'.»5'.»
Itjvieie Noire
174
1.10
272
2'.)3
XVJ't
2002
3841
2445
I'laiiies Wilhcms
L".'8
185
:<67
474
408.3
25<.» 1
4(;78
3253
Moka
171
1.11
21fi
251*
1787
1057
2174
1470
Total
1148
.■Wifi.l
710.1
8:f:t'j
43C.21
2C.455
,14171
38457
I'or 18.32 .
12481)
males.
14071
enialcs.
38124
241)32
50513
3'.»003
This statement docs not comprise troops, convicts, nor apprentices; the latter to the amount of 1,480
men anil lioys, and 55;) women and girls,
Chis-ilieation of inhaliitants in Port Louis. — A!;ents, 10; atchitects, 3; armourers, 3; surveyors, 5 ;
actors and actresses, 30 ; inn-keepers and confectioners, 7 ; advocates, 8 ; proctors, 12 ; hiilrldgr, 2 ; hiitchers,
I; linkers, 10; sailler, I; enihroidcrers, 2; caulkers, 2; wood-se'lers, 8 ; hatters, 3 ; sausas^e-makers, 3 ;
carpenters, 15; wheelwrights, 5 ; hrazier, I ; coaehmakers, 2 ; liarhers 3.
Popil
Intion o
t the Mauritius
[H. li.
I8:u;.]
t'oiinty
or
Area in
s(|uare
Population.
,\ppreiiticc.
population.
Total.
ens and
esident
f rangers
Population, not suh-
jected to apprentice-
ship.
District.
miles.
1
Mar-
Male
Kemale
Male
Female
Male {Female
< ■"
Births.
riai^es.
Deaths
I'lirt I.Duis
10
7570
72(;3
1)850
(ilW'il)
1712(1 ,131)23
S £ £
708
1 53
f,3f.
IVniplemoiises
88
2038
1581
4!) 1
2950
('.1)1)2
4537
= 1 -
300
32
393
llivierc du Uempart .
58
7;»i
837
5 255
21)70
(•,011)
3807
-:^i
215
18
239
I'liieii
114
ICiMC,
1477
4130
2332
57C.r,
:iH07 5:=i:§
100
14
C9
(Irand Port
112
i(;72
1('>I3
2782
17!»1
44.14
.3401 ' M. = c
i.;i4ls.|-|
249
•)•)
194
Saviiime
!)2
737
31»1
1851)
1223
251)C.
113
7
112
Black River
1)5
3(.'.)
328
IC.I5
1055
11)84
1383 5 S=
118
2
90
I'laincs Wilhems .
71
(14 (>
5'.(r,
18S<)
1135
2535
17:;l lo'gS
44
5
27
Moka
()8
4C.4
31'!)
855
480
20(;02
1311)
871) ;^"^
31
3
13
Total
708
5'.rj(;
1 1 HI
33181)
41)115
35085
5007
1878
25 f.
1773
\M
'■i
'.0»
MAURITIUS.— POPULATION.
Iritcrnicnta at tlii' Cemetery of Port I«iii», from lit Ki'h. 1h;i2, until :n»t Jan. 1S37.— [Mnur. Aim. Im.In,]
ki
II
Pcriudii.
Feb. 1h;12 to Jim. lH;i;t
I'VI). IHit.t to Jan. IK.VJ
I'VI). In;) J to Jan. In.I.'^
I'VI). JK.I.'i to Jan. JN.w;
Feb. IH.-lf) to Jan. lH.t7
Free.
s
1
i
1
s
i;
c
I'-JO
IL'H
201
L'Of.
l:i7
221
•J .'■.7
170
377
-'1.1
iy», 24 y,'
:»();<
IHM
280
1
.')fi9
Ml
H04
f.MH
777
Chilfre
Compnra-
tif.
Apprentices.
i
12
217 —
— lie
3rii
aoH
2r>()
311
ir.i
ih:.
212
I7;t
170
272
;i»M
•173
aar.
I
7«4
N4I
'J'JH
7H7
8or>
ChiHre
Compiiru-
tif.
.'.7
l.')7
ly
211
"■ * 5
8 -
la 2-:
t® S ^ "- JB
HZ U w
I3.'i;<
layn
1H02
I l7r)
Inc. Dec.
4.'i| —
4041 —
- I a;;-
KlH --
Table of the Hirtlis and Deaths at Mauritius, from the 1st January \H'2^ tu 31it of Pccemher iNa.'i.
Births.
I H2.'i
IH27
|H2!»
I Hao
I m;» I
1^32
I Maa
1834
I H3r)
-a
402
47y
4.'-.H
4,')1
.■■.ay
4H,'')
f.2l
.'•.K7
E
404
477
44C,
421
4HH
4yo
44 y
4yo
.'>r>2
r.yy
.')82
r.741j.''.41i
Deaths.
From
to :>
years.
to
10.
M.
<jr,
f)2
H2
74
113
114
101
lOH
220
147
1177
F. M
y4i 3
44 4
.')2 3
r,r, H
HCi 13
105 3
m 4
84 r>
111 II
20H 17
121 13
10
.')
ir>
y
4
3
7
H
II
23
14
104y,H.'i 110
10
to
1.-).
15
to
20.
20
to
2S.
M
F.
M.
f.; y
6<;
74
10
r>
11
11
II
12
11
11
2
10
13
M.
F.
2.^
to
30.
M. I F.
30
to
35.
3.'!
to
40.
M. j F.
H
II
II
l.-i
H
14
7
22
l.")
11
7 i 20
9 I 17
21 23
13 I 19
25
10
2H
18
18
12
2r,
2r>
21
20
10
22
24
24
11
19
9
29
20
21
17
19
12
20
30
I 18
19
21
l.'V
I 23
17
I 19
1 14
, ^4
24
13
17
21
28
20
32
IT)
14
19
2fi
18
114
144 187 225 207 210 223
I.')
13
23
19
la
20
31
2y
18
20
20
40
tu
4.'..
M.
20
15
in
14
22
27
l.-i
17
Hi
23
24
227 209
F. M. I F.
15
17
12
IH 1
14
7
II
l."' ,
18
23 1
Ifi
IH :
20
11 1
22
IN {
17
II'. :
21
21
21
17
H
>.)
12
12
\2
II
Id
It;
14
187 isi
Deaths — continued.
45
to
50.
M.
1825;
1820!
I827i
1828j
18291
183o'
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
II
15
20
24
2fi
12
18
15
10
If.
ir.
183
F.
17
7
10
15
7
13
9
8
14
15
16
131
50
to
55.
M. l
55
to
CM.
M.
12
10
17
17
H>
21
14
IG
19
13
17
172
140
7
12
11
11
15
15
18
20
12
22
22
17
10
10
10
13
10
15
13
12
16
24
12
5
9
8
10
II
9
10
7
12
10
171 [103
00
to
65.
M.
12
12
12
4
12
17
19
14
13
14
14
143
10
12
10
13
10
14
12
18
8
11
18
130
65
to
70.
M. If
70
to
75.
75
to
80.
M.
HO
to
85.
F. M F. M
15
10
10
10
9
14
12
0! 11
9 ! 6
8
6
14
7
3
8
10
90
to
95.
I
F. MiF.lM F,
85
to
90.
15 i 7 13
12 J5 15
127 66
2 11
7, 41
5' 7
7,13
6 7
3, 6
15, 7,
6' 8|
4 5
10 11
6 6
4| 4
7
4
3i 8
4i 3
6| 8
3 6
3 10
2 7
11 9
4
102 ,71 85,56
67
1 1
95
to
100.
~'\"
M F.
1..
1 ..
2..
2 1
2 1
2: I
1 ..
2 1
100
&C.
_;
IS
o
M F. ^
51 20 21] 11117, 4 9 3
1: ,WH
r 410
, . I 4W
..| fiii
II r.79
, . I 640
1 f.I3
. :,n
. (102
2 9I'>
li 166
TCMl
It will be perceived that the female births have latterly begun to preponderate. The greatest nuiiiliur nl
(liMili>, arc those under five years of age, and of these the males exceed the females. Alter 85 ytarsi ului,'!',
women have the greatest longevity.
A •tulrment of III
lilltloll llM III')'
|iri'lirr<'il f, ,r ■■i
r''iii|.rn'<4hi>i< i
nttHt'lii'd, |irn'<
lii>iuvntar)r rcti
lll'llll I'lMlpI
rrHili"<niri
llnlrrlMr lUtt
IKii'ld l,:tl.'iii
liiforlKrilltt
ilenil l'r»|ili
rnnlvvinoii
liir<'riiirilllt<
Kli'lil l.iil.oii
Inlt'rlor dltt
Nnmber of clalmi
Piii'iiiitl Attm-liuU, I i
Pnediul, 4,<iiiri.
VII. The Frencl
cipally Human Ca(
I'lilciiMi'il nu'i's ar
siuiiarics is much I
St. I,oul8, in Port
Louis.
Notre name, at O.
fort.
St. John, I'lacii*
St. I'lcrrc, Moka
St. I'riuicis,
i'ani|j|(.'iii(iiiS8rs
Rlviiru ilu Rom. i
part.
The cimihifii'd ili
liuvv iiocliapti, or
MAUIUi'lUS.— l>OIM)l,ATI()N, RKI.KilON.
ADl
^Litcnipnt of thp niimhorof slavcK (iir whom rompen-
p,ill>iii liM iK-rii rinliiii'il, aficl iil the niiinlior »t clitliio
|irrliTri'it fcr xiK'li ( niiiiii'iiiiitl'in, iilxl iil llii' ilinniiiit iil
r 'inprnH^liiiii iiwtiiih'il In I'noli of thorl.ioHCH iil |irir<liiil-
nitikclii'il, privillnl iiimtlnclK'd, iinil iiiiii-|irivillitl. [ I'ltr
lmiuvnUkr)r rvliirii U) tlie llniuit ui t/iriU, Much, lit;M.J
I'rotrittant Cluirchn nt thi' Matiritiut in tH3('>.
1
s
1?
TOtHl.
Ileail ■■<Mi|ilo . .
rrmloiiK'H ■• ..
Inferlxr illtto ..
KIclil l.iili'iiircrit
liifcrl'T illtti) ..
Ilrail I'roplo. , ,,
rrMlll'tllUMI ....
Iiif.rior illtto ..
Kli'lil l.iilKiiircrii
liilvrliir Ultto ..
Ili'sil I'railo-'mrn
(nfiTli)r (llttii .
Hrml •'. omiil'iv
Vil on whitrl-
*lii|ipiiiK, or
otliiT BVoc;i
tIclllH
Ii>r. I'i'ople illttii
IICHll l)li||ll>Stll!n
InliTior illttii ..
Chllilri'ti iiiiilpr
»lx ycnrs of
tge on thi! lot
Kclirtiary Ihm
AKCiI, (llicimeil,
or odii'rwlNt'
iii)iioffi.clivc .
Niinil'cr of rliiiniH liavint; r'fernnci- to each illvl-<ion.
No. nf Hlavci,
V(Ih:iii.
Amount,
No. of SlttVtM,
7.VU.
Amount,
>f slart'ii,
.\lnnilllt,
' 2 1*' ^ — ,«■ V 4> *• ' l!
^ c o X g 3 .« V
i,.s -aa.
^3
!
•a
t
"8 a
1
•2
3
it
8
■3
If
£
c
3
a
o
u
I'ra'cliiil AttiK'liuil,
Priedlal, -l.yii.').
1 101; rreeiliul Uiiattaohi'd, l,ii;7 i Non.
VII. Tlu- Fri'iich mxl crcolc inlial)itants are prin-
ciimlly Koinaii C.'atliolics ; Imt the sroat mnss of the
cdIoimimI rnci's ari' hcathciis. Tliu want of rnis-
jiuiiuni's in iiiucli tVIt in the island.
JB
*-»
in
V,
•9
i^
ha
o
a.
•i(iii.tii,l q.iM
JO IK)
J"!
"I'M
•is 1.0 8)
= * S
41
^ a
9 9
a i* it v
c c c d
O 3 9 9
/. V, y, x,
u; BJ.IV
y.
00
O 9
01 u <v u
c c a a
9 9 9
X. x. y. A
' VC M X © I- -i «
»r: I* i/^ -^ vc vc o^
X in t) fi y. fi -^
e» «> I- "f w 1" Ti
00 ^ "M 71 ifl — OB
ut -" -> 5> 9> 1^ <a
D
o
a,
s
o
B
_4J
s
I
B
a!
3
■a
01
• • a
V
■ ^^
• 9
a,
.2 <9 £ 5 rt a) 9
* SiMvifc once a mouth in a temporary chapel for
I the troops, liy tiie cliiiplaiii to fhi- foici's.
Roman Cathotin Churches at the Manrltliis In 18:lli. [It. U.]
Parish.
Value of
Living.
Glebe.
Church where
situated, and tiic
No of Pirsoiix It
v.(ll contain.
St. l.oiils, in I'ort; 14
Luuis.
Notre Dame, at O. ll>
i'drt.
St. John, I'lacii* 114
St. Pierre, Moka I 6h
St. Francis,
Famjilumoiigues
Rivleru ilu Rem. ,uC
part.
:l08;t> 4 Clerifymen,
receiving JM.
'2M)I. \MI. 1511/,
respectively.
1000(1 uoo/.
I
iiiino Mot.
3900I lAO/.
I
13U0U •MUl,
|One.
None.
None.
One.
One.
liuou
300/.
I A few acres a
I Hliort diittaocc
from Port l.ouiH.
None.
None.
A few acrca.
None.
None.
Chapel where \o. of
situated, uoil the I I'crMin*
No. of I'erMins it KcneniUy
will contal.'i. attendini;.
None.
Port Uiiiis ; from
l.'iOU to 20(111, of
whom 1(1(1(1 gene-
rally attend.
At Mohehouruh i the chapel will con
tain from -ido to ^l(J(i.
Chapel at Forte du Fhic(|, will contain
IriKu l.tu to'.!00,
Church will eontn,
from -iM to ;t(io.
Church wlUcoiitn
ahiuit H(i(i, of vsliom
(1(1 or 70 i;enerally
attend.
None.
I'oudre d'Or ; a pa
vllion, will contain
from "0 to 8(1
300
too
Seldom
i attended.
I
* Also three chapels, holding; a.'in persons altogether.
The nimhined districts of lllack River, the Savauuu, and Pluines Wilhems, contalninp: a population of 21,900 aoulu,
nave no cliapel, or church, or any place set apart for religious worship. [U. B. Colonial Ollicu.l
••TifJ
IV 'Ht
j
r>i)C
IM llUrillS.— EDUCATION, CUIMi: AM) (JAOI.S.
VIII. Scliiuils (if the Mniititlii» In IK:i(!. [11. II.]
I I No. of
Xnmo of the IMihllr or vrcc '"''"''''"•
Parish, mid in ScIkkiI,
wliiit Ciiiiiity or anil wlicru ' ^
District. Mtuntid.
lb o
It. '
Moilf of
Instrnr
tlon.
o
S
St. I,onl«, of
I'urt Louis.
I'nhlic .•<ctio()l, -Uti .
till. CollfKO.
School ' {
rri'i
Mien t liiirily
.Si'llliiil.
I'rii. Sfliimla:
1.
'i.
■J.
■I.
•J IS Ki'Uilinc, h\(!ov.
I WliliiiK. liK/.lll.s.
(!l
H(l
Ml II)
(i (!;■
i''ii'iii'ii,
! l';nKli-li,
l.iilln,
' lli^lllry,
Aiitlinir-
tic, Ike.
!l.Vi
l>nni|ilenii)us. |
Riv.ihi Kfinpart
Grand Port .
Savanni* ..
Jtlai-k Kiver
Plaincs Willicnis
Moka
(>.
7 •
H.
!).
III.
II.
I'.'.
l:l.
1 1,
i:..
Hi.
i;.*
■'ri'l' Srlliinlt-
Mill! ( hatily
.Sriioiil.t
Private Sch.|
I.Vil
ii"i
i; .. i;t;
l.'l lIHlilll!
Ill) .t(i I iiil
,'i'j . I r,'i\
:io
?
•V'l
(i-.'i
Hll
;il
w
.IS
.. n
M.-i (ill
:iii . .
•j; :ni:
•M I'.'
.. .Mi
. . li'.'
.. SI,
.'■:i iw
■JO . .
:iii i.'i
4H II
11 . .
S I,"
:i •.';
Ill u
i» ft
IV! ..
anil
l.'i/.lii.«.
lor
Iirizi'K.
liyOov.
KiM/.
.1:1/.
&i anil Hll A|i|irent.
41
:iii
:i.'i
u
I
• Tlircp profoKsors, who (flvp lo«»onH In private fainllies.
t One ilitlii, ilitto. t Niiii' ilittii, ililt .
I Thri'tMlitlo, ilitti). i I'wo ililtn, ilillii.
II Two ditto, ditto. ** One ditto, ditto.
•SI|JW,1(|
CQ
•s
3
o
3
O
o
(S
O
O £"
01
o
3
O
O (J
.? s
(A
O
O
6
y.
£
y- I 5
o
o
o
H
E
fS
c
o S
R
v-.c
U.
Cl.
•SJU.)\
"t X c c*7 f^ -v
-■ 71 M lO rt <a (O M ?l
- « t I -. I !-: -I
— 71 n >n n <-i n 71 n
— I - ?! vs t ri ri
-t ^^ vr — »f '^ 'c
I- o I- ?i t CO 71 n 3i
^r 7-i t lO 11^ CO -M 0% -^
« 71 f-: M 1.: — . -T ic 1-:
-r T I- ri c^ T tr .- T
M .-r « — t _ _ o
« oi cc — ' — < ; I -" ri r;
-• <c 1" — • I i; .- .■»: —
nr^co— -t — — o
ot- 1^ c» to 't CO 1.7 or x*
— — CO 71 «-. I' iti y: I-
»o '.r x -H -t .— "T CO lo
r^ — — ■ -T O 71 — I- 71
— ~ W 71 lO «- •— ~ » I-
71 - <N _ 1 I
I I
I---
T vr ii' I- .-o -« o t <o
■o lo i~ a- c .» .X .X li
00 T) -^ 71 1(5 CO eo 'O Cl
^o iX' i~ lo -r: iX' i» o t
t t <c >x a> i- l>. I - 1-
X r^ C- — 71 CO -t 'C '^
71 71 ,-0 CO :-•: .-0 CO ."; «
■/ 'X X' .» X 'X' X' X> 'X
X. The nlVairs of the island arc iiianaKril l>y a fJn-
»»rin)r, as in tlii' Caprnl (ii)':l IIo|h', iiiilril liy an
Kxccntivc iinil ii l.i'':i>lativi' Council. 'I'lir Kxrculivi'
CiMiniil consists 1)1 Innr nii'iiil)crs (the llovcrnnr^ the
Dtliccr si'iiinil in (•■.miiiianil ol'llu' trnups, tlic ('nlDniiil
Secretary, the I'locuniir anil Ailvocatc f,'iniriii. The
l.e^islntive eiiiisists 1)1 I 'i nieinliers, 7 ol whnin liolil
■Id nllicial staliiin. NVhen the islanil was in the pos-
sc'SHJiiii of the l'"rencli, a ('oli)nial ('oiiinil was createil
l)y a ilecree of the L".M h Septeniher, 1^*1(1. 'I'll • ilecree
rcciteil, that the colony was lioiiiiil to cuntrihiife its
assistance to the expense ol' proviiliin; tor its own
safety; ami, in oi'iler to raise the revenue necessary
for this purpose, n Coiiiicil was createil, cinisistin'; ot
11 pers ins, to lie chosen IViiin aiming; the principal
iniiahitants aiiil traders of the (liU'erenl parts of the
island ; three fron» tlie I'oit Napoleon, and nne linm
each of the other districts. 'I'he nieiiilins nl the
Council were lo he named liy the ('ii|itiiiii-i:i'iiiiiil, mi
the preseiitatiiiii of the Ciiliinial I'lelect iiiiii tlu'
Commissary of Justice, from a list of riiiiiiiiliilr-'
elected for the district o!' I'ort NiipoleoM, lunl tluvi-
for each of the other districts. Any vaiiiiicy in tlir
Ciinmil was to he tilled up hy tlu- lirst iif llie liiinli-
dates wliiise iiiinu's remaineil upon the list iil i Icrliciii.
I'.lectiiral chaiiiher^ were lo he fninieil Inr Ilie eli rtiim
of tlii-^e candidates l.ir the Council, and iihiiiIm is nl
these I'hamhers weie to he mimed l)\ the ('M|itiiin-
!;eiieral, upon the pieseiilalion of tin • iIuiikiI I'n •
feet and the Con inissary of Justice. 'I'liis Coiimil
has not hern coiiveiuil since tlie Uritish i)iiii|)iilii)ii
of the island.
./ Cdiniril iif llir
veiiior Kaiipihar i
nilialiitants of Port
haliitimts from eael
lilii-Htiiiiis were— .'t(
iiiliiny (If .so, over
till' ciilony ; an iiii
I'liit l.oiiis, (ir ;>,(in(
liy the liovirnor fro
iiiiiiiiiir of persons
liiiiie in iillice tive
|iresiilent, vice and
alil of six other n
riKiiN, education, ai
liy llie (iovernur. '
iirilir iif Lord Dathi
is not now any miiu
III tlif active and wi
Heliire it was iieci
was u'liveriied hy (•
wlili'li had heen pi
wric ailnunislered h
lii'luri' the time of II
liiiii lit the several ci
Miiiililli'd fi'oin time
liovtriKir, and liii.'ilh
ni Justice, dated St.
islaliljshes a Siiprei
Jiislire, presided ove
a (H'lty court for tli
Miiall uinoimt, and
lioiM this court the
lias niithiiiity to eslii
ili|Minl,'iicies of Mai
llii'ir powers.
The l''rencli law ii
Miiiiiiliiis. Morti^iii;
ni'iy li'ii years liy in
Iriiii. The authority
liy till' Civil Ciiiiimi'
ilralli iiiade hy two w
nri^diliiiius of the dec
i'mt l.iiiiis is Well
lialteries on Toniieliei
il is accissilile mi the
iiiileleiisilile when oil
Tlii'ii lur several stro
;:aiTh(iiieil hy del;ieh
iiilaiitry, and a stmni
III'ITS.
There is no militia
liir iVtfulatinK one if
vi'Steil ill the (ioveii
Rti'iit seal, to raise tim
Tline is a local cor
iliiil partly hy vuliinl
Mavis, eiiianeipated in
laptiueil iitider the act
Iniilr, and enlisted hy
*iiliio iif I he powers i
I'r'ler in emiueil in I hi
Tilt' niitliiirities for ||
"lis corps are convey
ll''s|mleliei, No. .||, ,,f
•'"'Il hi'ieiiilier, I K.I I.
ililrayeil liy (iivat Itiiti
XI. The revenue ii
'■l-M'ltd/. per annum :
'ii^tdiM iliiiirs at Port I
The iiiipiirtnlion tiixe
'W'«l value of the i;oii(|
MAnuriHS.— (iOVKIlNMKVr AM) MII.IIAllY, riNANCi:
rio?
./ I'liiDiril III' Ihr Cninmiiiii' was cstiihlislu'cl liy lii>-
vriiMii' l''iiii|iiliiii' ill 1X17, cciiuiiDM'il of 1') notiihli'
iiilml>iliiiil» til I'lTt l.iiiiis, mill Unci' prtipiii'tiiiy iii-
hiiliitiiiits iVoiii t'lH'li iiuiiili'i' of llic isliniil. 'I'lii' (luii-
hlii'iilioiis vviTi" — ;iO yi'His (if Hjif, niilt'ss horn in Hio
ii)li)iiy (if so, over 27) ; to iiiivc icsidiMl lo ycnrs in
the colony ; iiii iiiiiiiiiil inconic of M.ddO pinstrcs in
I'mt I.ouis, or T), 0(1(1 in tlic coinif ry ; to In- nomiiiiitcd
hy the liovi riioi' fioiii lists i-ontiiiniiii; tliri'i' tiiiit's the
miiimDiI' of persons so to lit- noniMwiti'il, iinil to coii-
'I'lii' Coiiniil lo rli'it II
lo (lisciiss, with Ihi'
s, (picstiiiiis of I'oniiMi'ici',
liiiiii' ill ollicc livi" yniis.
I'"
>iil<'iit, vuc mill sccii'liirv
ill of six olhcr iiii
iiilu'r
riiaiH, iilnciition, miil iiiti'iniil alfiiiis, as tiiiiismitti'il
In llio (iiivi'inor. This Ciniiuil was siippicsscil hy
uiilrr of l.onl Hatliuisl, in .lamiaiy, |XJI ; ami Iluri'
iiiiicipal hiiily lo ri'ixiilali' Ilic all'aiis
is Milt now any iiii
(il till- ill
livi' mill wrallliv iiihahitmils of I'uil
lliloii' it was oi'i-iipicd hy (iii'iit Itiitain, Maiiiilius
ovi'iiiril hv f'
out of the livi' coili's of law
Hhiili liail hri'ii pioimilnalril hy Niipolcoii ; llii'si-
wi'ir ailiiiiiiisti'it'il hy coiirls I'sliihlishi'd in Hit' island
luMiiiv till' liiiif of till' I'li'lirli Ki'pilhlii'. Till' foniiii
lion i)f till' scvi'ial coiiits and tliiir powi'is hiivi' hren
iniiililii'd from tiiiu' to liiiii> hy llii> niilhoiity of llu
(Iiivrnior, mill linally si-ltli'd hy tin- Mainiliiis Cliaitrr
111 .hist ill', dated St. James's, i:ttli April, I Mill, wliieli
I'stulilislii's u Siipremi' Court of Civil and Criminal
Jiisliee, presided over hy three juili;es. 'I'liere is also
n prttv court for the adjiidicalion of ci\il causes of
small iiiiioiint, and fur the trial of petty oll'ences :
liiini this court then' is no appeiil. Tlie (iovenior
liiis iiiillioiity to eslahlisli minor courts in any of llie
il('|iiiiil,iii'ies of Mauritius, and to extend or limit
tliiir powers.
Till' Krcncli law of divorce lias heeii adopted in
Miiiiiiliiis. Morti;ii'.;es are reipiireil lo he ri":istered
iM'ry till Years hy ailiile J I .'i I of the code ol Napo-
li'iiii. The iiiilliorily to hiiiy a corpse iiiiisl he '^iveii
liy Hie Civil Coiiiiiiissmy, upon a declmiitinn of llii
ilrntli iiKide liv two witnesses, the nearest ii'lalives or
!:lil
fthe
lours o
I'lirl l.oiiis is well defended on Hie sea side hy the
linlteries on 'roniieliers island and on Fort Itliinc, hiil
It is nccissihie on the land side, and was found to he
iiiiUIViisilile when our troops appronclied it in Isli).
Tliin iiri' several stroiii; posts tlirous;liieit the island,
uum^oiiiil hy detachliieiils troiii two re>;iiiienls of
inliinlry, and a stmii}; section of arlilleiy and eii'.;i-
iicers.
Tlii'iv is no militia at the Mauritius, nor aiiv law
iiir iVKulatiii;; one if eiiihoilied. I'ower is, however,
vrsted ill the Cioverimr hv c(Uiimissioii, under the
'lit still, lo raise troiu>s in eases of emer:
;encv.
Tliire is a local corps of military Iiihoi rers, eiiihi.-
ilii'il partly hy voliiiilary eiilistiiicnt of government
^livis, eiiiimeipated ill \>*'X\ ; anil partly Irom Africans
iiipliinil under the acts lor lilt uhiditioii of the slave
trailt, mid enlisted hy the colledor of ciisloiiis, hy
viitiit'iif the powers in him vested hy His Miijesly's
"iiler ill eoiiiieil in that respect iiiade and provided
The niitliiirities hir the foriiiatiou and pnyment of
iliis ciirps arc cohveyed in the Secretary of States'
lii's|m!ilH'i, No. •II, oi' 1st .Inly, \H.VJ, mid No. l\, of
^liMli Deieiiiher, IHIII. 'I'lie expense of this corps is
ililiiivi'il hv (ireat Miitain.
XI. 'riie revenue in th
i^t'.Odd/.
e j;ross iieeipls avenisre;
per aniiiim : a !ar;;t' sum is raisei
I III
iiMinii ihiiies at I'ort l.onis.
Til
e iiiipiprtation taxes arc-^l'i per cent, on tl
I'sti
iiattil value of the goods in Knglish ships; on (luiigii
vessels, l.'i to ;tO per cent. ; Id per cent, on tohiicci
mill Jv. per
on on spirits. W'liciil, rice, cattle and
illioii arc fri'i' on I'.ie.ili'-h ships, 'riic exporlatii
taxes are on l''.ii'.;lisli ships — siii;ar, l.«. .!\'l. per 100
Ihs. ; (III :i foreiun dillo, L'.v. L'l/. per ditto ; cotton, 7.«.
on former, 7v. Id./, on latter, per ditto ; coll'ec, 4.»,
mid (i.v. ,'i,/. ditto dillo; other articles in proportion.
I'.ntii'pAt taxes I per cent. I'.n:.;lisli, \\ per cent, on
forel;;n.
Diirrt Tii.rr.i are ("i.v. upon each slave ahove seven
vears of nue, and iiiuler (Id, in I'url I.ouis, and 'Jv I'ul.
Ill the coiMtry ■. this is iiiilepinilent of vaccine, iiiar-
rona'.,'t', corvi'C, ami other slave taxes, t'ponall i;ooils
Jrs iiiiniriililis) in I'ort I.ouis there is an miniiid tax
of l.v. :ii/. percent, on the esliinated value. I'.very
thill'.: stild in the h,i/iiiir, whellier it he lisli. Ilesh,
foul, VI
I'tahir
ir liucksteiii's, is laved ; as are also
the shop keepeis who sell them, accoidinj,' lo the stall,
/;/i/(/C(7.— Two per cent, re'.^islcrm^' acts of sales;
one ditto for tianscrihiii^ ditto; and proporlioiial
taxes on every hiisiness ai't. Slmiiped paper from ;ii/.
lo 2v. s,/. and upwards, i.icenses, for m--Imiei', on an
inn ami collet' house in I'ort I.ouis, Id/, per moiilli,
and in the country, "/. ditto. On a pedliir, U. per
dillo. On ciirriiit.;es, ;;ip; and carts, from I/. I ','.«. I o
•J/, per milium. Hoiits, eanlecns, distilh lies, printing
ollit't's, are farmed out hy iiuclion. On uratits of
land, I/, to C,t. in proportion, '{'he rli^ht to lisli in
the sea with <i nfiiif is \l. n year, mid with a line I2t.;
nay even uctiirdilif; lo the si/e of the seine the tax
is raised.
'riie I'oliee taxes are iiiimeroiis and heavy, (or in-
stance a i-ri litiiiilr nf lil'r costs l.v. aiitl of riirr'^islii'.
iiiriil, C'v. ; and (or evei v hillidled words of the
cerhliciite ahove the first, I «. ~il.
I'.ii^'lish ship,
a foreign, l.'.v
.\ visit nil III
anil so on.
nil an
Local
tax for the pnor in Is.u;
,:!','.'■/.
Sliili'iiient of the Receipts and l'',xpeliililnre of the
Mauritius,
ritiiis .Mmaiiiu k, I s:i7.
^ I'lU'
iiiieiieili'.; Deeemher, I "i I I . | Mil
I'.xci'ss of
l''.x|)t'nililiirc,
INII
I H I -J
I .s I ;i
l.-^l I
I SI.'.
I •■I I C.
IHI7
\H\H
|H|'.(
ISL'd
|S2l
is;.''.'
I hj:\
IH'I
\Hj:,
iHL'li
Ih27
\H2X
IH-JK
I H.'ld
IH.'^I
iM.tJ
In;i:i
I s:;i I
i;i,i.'>
Itevt'iiiie
l''xpt'iidi-
lure.
Mxcess of
Uevciiue.
I'.
f.
i'.
('■{.'•iC
.-..til. '.7
ii:i-.d.H
l(IM7;.7
1 ■_'«(;(»()
ii.'i7'j;i'.»
1 l(td;t.-)
•.';i(;777
1117(11
lit:; Id:'
i:<7(ii 1
•Jl Idd.i
l.'iCiCjM
L".)7;iH(;
IdS'.IJS
i-j;fsi,',s
IdlM'.lll
lL'Hj|.->
1
n
!».'
1 01 '.I If.
lL'7'.i'.M
'.Idl'liH ICidTliCi
i(i:iMi.'i I i(i(;'js7
I id.i.i;i I i7'>idd
io7!»M"j I ir..'iri'j
IL'CM.II ' I.MIdC.
i;i'.iL';i.'i
i(;i:i7i!
I
I 11170
I.'WHIH
i<r,2.\
I7H7M , KWil.'.H 1 loi.'i
I (■.('.? Ill I ld.'so7 J.'illJ
I.J..-..XI i;i-'C.n7 I
i;ifid:i;i i7.s,i;ti
II7C.L'L' I r, I 1(17
l"(".llL' I7IVJ!) lf.1.1
I7l..7d \l'iW>\ .'>2KI
^'.l.'.Jl'.l
lllKli'lH
I:'d7l2
I :< 1 1. 1 1
7C.'.M.i|
I Id7(".-'
I I'.l.'td
-•7('.l.|
•J('.d7H
'.Idl'wH
7o.">;iH
(i.'inw;
('p|,"i7(»
:tN.',i;.j
L'.'.o7:i
I '.i.i.'.
:i7ior.
r-".".iH
i.an.s
I
i
m
608
MAIHUTHIS.— FINANCK.
Statement of the Receipts of Duties from 1HI2
to 1836.
H
Years.
Iniporta-
Kx|i()rtn-
Total.
tions.
tions.
£.
£.
i..
1812
48498
5810
54309
1813
38473
7757
46230
1814
25791
5004
30795
1815
28.-) 14
4>^11
33326
1816
41264
14534
5579H
1817
43():;4
10603
53628
1814
33845
9615
43460
1H19
29381
6501
35H>42
1820
23101
12995
:;6097
1^21
26 1 69
15968
42137
1«22
22539
1 8894
41433
1823
24602
18016
426 IS
1824
21339
15960
37299
lH2r)
20796
14279
35076
1826
19958
27629
47588
1K27
34026
22373
56399
Im2m
3532;)
25530
60H58
1K2'.»
46928
29795
76724
1830
37990
34061
72052
1831
29K75
35034
64909
1832
26072
36681
627.54
1833
190;)3
34135
53228
18M4
36246
1 36095
72:h41
1W3:.
35647
32904
68551
1836
50752
32701
8345;i
799263
507695 I 1.106958
[This table is fioin the Mmiritius Almanac fur 1837,
anil vvdiild appear to be the duties levied at the Cus-
tom House on import!) and exports. — R. M, M.]
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue of
the Muuriiius. — [II. II J
1H35.
1M36.
Ordinary Revenues :
Jt.
£.
Customs ....
81577
9«192
Internal revenue .
672H!)
7 1244
'i'.'ixes for s|)e(ial purposes
17121
15432
Seychelles ....
5H8
6k4
Total ordinary revenue
166575
1885.'. 2
Incidental revenue and rcceijjts
17815
23357
Receipts in aid of revemie
, ,
, ,
Dtpo-titu ....
3231
1143
Accounts current .
18789
24667
Gross total
206410
237719
Ciiwpnralirf Yi'iiilii Slnli'vtenl nf the Htpfniiituir
ti/thf A/iiiiiiliii.\. [IJ.H. 1H36.J— Civil Kstahlishment,
38,402/. ; contingent expenditure, 5, '.(70/. ; Judicial
Estahlishmeiit, 24,620/. ; contiuKcnt expenditin-e,
1 1,9ii3/. ; Medical K.stal)lishnient, 2,745/. ; coutinKcnt
expei.diture, 476/. ; Kcclcsinstical Kstahlishnient,
3,361/, ; contingent expenditure, 60/. j Seychelles
Kstablishnient, 1,760/.; contingent expenditure, 430/.;
l.f per Kstalilislinieut, i92/. ; contingent expenditure,
39,119/.; I'( iisicms, 6,7"H/. ; total, 135,876/.
Kx|)eiiditurc incurred by the Colony of the Mauri-
tius durinp the vear 1836, on account of its militnrv
defence. [15.0.]'
Mililnnj I'lisLi inul U'drka. — Kstahlished amount
paid to tlu' ordnance department annually, for rcpiiir-
ing barracks, (tc , 5,000/. ; repairs of sisriinl stationn
and the barracks at Heduit, a-id transterred to the
ordnance, lio/. ; total military works, 5,1 in/.
Militid iiriithev Uwnl nir/is — I'ay of si^'iial men and
orderly dragoons, 235/. ; contingencies of orderly
dragoons, 156/, ; total Incal corps, 391/.
I'lriiniiiry iillnininri's In Kiivj's lnti>i>'i. — (,'nloninl
allowaiK es to staff and dei)artnu'ntal olliecrs, tn olli-
cers of the Royal Artillery and Koyal Kiigiiiecrs, of
29th, 87th, and 99th regiments, I6,7.'iy/.; and peii^'idii
to the widow of an otVieer of the late Doinbon regi-
ment, 36/. Total expi nditure, 22,296/.
The ollicers of His Majesty's forces serving in Mau-
ritius receive pecuniary allowances paid from tlu'
Colonial Treasury, in lieu of the ordinary allowatins
which, at other stations, they recei\e from the Uriti<li
Treasury, in ii' 'uey or kind, such as rations of piovi-
sions, I'oiagr, fuel, light, lodgin"j;s, sirvai swages,
marching allowance, carriage of bnggnt'e, ixpiiisisof
nttendauce on Courts' Martial, and otlur ciintini.'i'ii-
cies provided for in His Majesty's several wannnts.
The mniitlily sums received by the otliccrs of the
several grades, aie enumerated in the seludide an-
nexed. I louse rent being deducted from such otlii-i rs
as occujjy |)id)lic ipiarters. These alhiwauees wire
established at the capture of the 'Jolony in IsKl, hut
have since undergone soum' mo-wtieation.
Srhnhilf of i'dlimiiil ,ii<iirnnri:i. — His Kxn ileiiey
the Commander in Chief, mo/, per month; (olonci,
whin comiu' ■..ling, 67/. 6«. 2(/. ; Colonel, not com-
manding, 40/ H,«. |0(/. ; l.ieilt.-Coionel. 34/. IC.v. :.'i/, ;
Major. 26/ ; Captain, 14/. 17.v. <»/. ; l.iintciiant,
M/. 19", li/. ; I'.nsign, 6/, 1.5,«. 9'!.; I'ay-niKst.'r,
14/. 17.'*. 6./. ; (Junrter-master, h/. ly.v. id. ; Ailjuliiiit,
10/. I9.V. 6(i. ; Surtreon, 14/. I7.«. 6i/. ; Assistant Sur-
geon, 9/. I0,«. 8(/. Otliccrs conmiaiuling corps - I. lent.
Colonel, .'/. 12.<. Hi/,; Major, h/. Itl.v, 2'/ ; Captniii,
11/. 2*. 5(/. ; Lieutenant, 5/. 1N.». .w/. ; Ensign,
2/. 3*. 4ii, Otliccrs con\nutnding posts — Lieut, -Cul,
11/. 14*,; Major, 8/. 16* '</. : Captain, 3/. 9.». 4((.;
Lieutenant, 2/, I'm. 2(/. ; I'.nsii i, 1/, N.v. H./.
Detail of the nund)ers and expenses of the corps nf
militaiy labouiers, for n period of 12 months ;— one
liiut. conniuuuling, at 5/. \Ht. 5i/. per month, ":'/,
per ainnun (this amount is defrayed tVimi t!ieeiil(iiii;)l
revenue, as being the extra colonial allouanci' to which
R lieut. Is entitled for commanding a corps, and vvdiiM
be received by any other lieut. so situiiteilj: one
statf sergeant (Kuropean), 2.v, 6i/. pir day, 4.'i/. pir
annum; one sergeant at l,v,|)erilay, In/, pi r Kiiiiiiin;
two corporals at (»/, per day each, 18/, per aMiiniii ;
67 privates at '.id. per day each, 30(1/. ; totid, I.V.i/.
Allowance to the ollicer in eoiumand tor fiiiii'ml
expenses and stationary, l.i. per day, I.h/. piTaiiniiin;
do. to the statf sergeant lor (piarters at .'i.s. per week,
13/, per annum ; rations for one statf sergeant lit .'k',
per day, 7/. 12,".; do for one sergeant, 3/. li;.«, ido,
for two corporals, 11, 13*, ; do. for 67 privates, 2.'in/.
17*. ; clothing for one staff sergeant (l',urc'p''aii,', .')/.;
do. for one ser/eant, 2/. 6,v. ; do. for two coriiorals,
4/ 12.«, ; do. for 67 privotes, 155/. l.'iv.; total, I4:i(, ;
hos|)ital expenses, 30/. ; grand total, Hi'i;>.t.
There is also a small body i onsisting ol live mounfoil
orderlies attached to the governor's e>tnlili-hii,cnl,
for convevauie of despatelus to dilferent pi.ftsoftht'
i.slaiiil. The ex(ienbe is buiiie l>y the colony, snd i"
(stiuiuted at 4l>4'.
Great Britain.
e «
E-ii !«
A ..
n..
c ..
1)..
E..
M..
MAURITIL'S.— GOVKRNMENT AND MILITARY. COMMEKCK.
Expenditure iiiciirrcil hy Orcnt Britain for the military protection, and in aid of the
Civil Establishment during the year IS.'JO. [U. B.]
509
Se))arate head of Expenditure.
Supplies.
Priivi.sions by co , tract or purchase in the culony
not including supplies purchased on account
of the civil service ......
Fuel and light,
Miscellaneous purchases
Transports
Pay of extra staff
Contingencies .......
Pay of His Majesty's :>'.(th, 87th, ;.nd '/gth regiments,
from the military chest, and through agents in
England, including half .early allowances and
contingencies .......
Pay of gem ral staff, and clerks of Depfits
Chelsea pen.sioncrs ......
Pay and diet of military labourers . ' .
I Olliciiiting judge advocate, and compensation for
I horses shot for gir.nders Hic
Widow's pensions ......
I Expenses of court martial and contingent accounts
i of military department
Pay of commissariat officers . . . .
Total . . . .
£.
1.^770
\^H>*
B
110
C
437
D
1205
E
2Kf)
11
30978
27H0
821
385
7r,
40
:,c,
1151
55484
K
Remarks,
Under this letter arc included
all payments iriude for pro-
visions and forage See.
Includes fuel, candle, oil, cotton
&c.
Do. payments for stores and
implements.
Freight, lighterage, cart hire,
&c.
Pay of all persons, not charge-
able on the ordinaries.
Travelling expen.ses and all pay-
ments chargeable upon the
extraordinaries not included
in the foregoing.
Includes regimental subsist-
ence, staff pay, Chelsea and
widow's pensioi\s.
Only commissioned officers.
\:ih
X!l. The commerce of the Mauritius is considerable, and widely extended. It would have been desirable
to pivc an extended tabular view of the trade for a consecutive series of years ; but, unfortunately, the
ictiirii of the imports and expoits in the Blue Books not being given in the same form for two years in suc-
ccssiim, it IS iiiipossih;o to form a correct table from that source of information. From documents obligingly
iiirnislicd nic by Mr. Ehsvvorth, of the firm of Reiil, Irving, and Co., I am enabled to supply a complete
\iew of the trade of the island for four years, and which will serve at a future period fur cum|)arisun.
IMl'OilTS OK THK MAlIRlTlUe.
[.. B.]
. ' Croat Uri
E
ain.
Nurth America.
8
'" Va\.£
No.
()0
Ton*.
Vftl.*
SlMir
14411
No.
'Ions.
MS icijrtoi
iBjd ,i,-..jr-ji)
Iii(!(w
lOH
101
2;o.sfl
■J70nl
Elsewhere.
ITnitcd .States.
Val..^
•i'ji;iu
2au;43
No.
TimH.IVal. t
No,
Hfi:
:i4D2|
rOHR.
43A
&ti6
Foreign States.
Val. £
•iUM\l7
■i6dy44
KXH0RT8 OK TlIK MArHITItTS.
rrt
•jnrni
, ,
83. inrtCMi Riufi
;:i
iimii.i
' •
12ft 3:i:isi» inav;
• •
• •
18907
4J5
7M'i.'iH
No. Tonii.
I:i5
I .III
Kill ■MH-.HJ
'iO\\ 4'iG74
Total.
Val.£ No.
ti344-i4 1107
HSHHSO 37U
•2(l.^7l
Tons. Men
7l!WH
hhUiis
."iOII.'i
tlun;
2941 Mnu
My N20.VI
SHIII
510
MAURITIUS.— COMiVlERCK.
Comparative statement of Imports into, and Exports from the Island of Mauritius during the years
1833, 1831, 183r), and I83r).
IMl'ORTKD KUOM
Prtaileil stntcm
l§
p
1
■3
§
1.
is
•5
c
«.1
■3
§5
'J
>"
CT3
u
o
c
T zj
P
CO
•<
3
C
2p-
it
Si
•o
S
u
a
c
ca
3
?!
■B
■c
S3
a
s
3
^
H
*n
//•
^
;*'
.<
^
:e
^r
jC
;*
.*■
.<^
je
■i:
^'
.*■
.f
.*■
.*■
•f
ik:i3
\iMVi
M-247
(iaail
4:<:iv
4HH1
nr.i7
■iaH»-2
a<jHti:i
•J!)i;(i
21-21 24:lll
•.>'.'7(M)CI
HS4III
iimfiii
2-(iO
"rr*'.'"
IHM
wiiyjr,:
;.'.:ii((
nriis
2l;tH
ti:i
'.';i2()
:iliNl:i H;n
:iii<i(i:i
.'.(irai
22fil ..
•i:\:,» ifi
(il;)7.)
(idii.'i
IIIIH
r'iiiii'.'ii
ik:!.'!
•.'(iftir.'i
IIHKKIK
()()!■.'
K(i->
1 17.-.
siCiH niitio
:i;t.')Ho
•-7.''is
KIK- ISHS
llis()|(l
If.'KII
1014
1 hiV.\
ISO
lil.'p.V'iK
lH:t(i
:i6i(i!»H
i'.>;.-.i:i
ii:m
4i:i(!
MM
•iH'JII
.'■Ii7»fii^(i
sjukO
4ui;.'.
a:):) 2(1
UKCiiy
4444H
1512
rini
iinii
IKK
imi.vjn
i«;t;
KXI'ORTKl) TO
ih:i3
ik;i4
I H.t.')
INHIi
1m:i7
5172fif»i fiK?*!
..
70,1(1 1
47:lllll(M IIHH2
ih6
••
s,i2721 :i«(i:i2
(i<l7uyi{ 2S4:il
|6IJ<IH
I
21741
967011256
250IH
2IK62
;t4.'>i7
:i()(i
■Kiu
20:i(io
l()l(i.-i
1012!)
11)537
i7niH
2254
5547 yfiia
35122
791
8()7
4«!(72
,,
10015 4.17!)
7H7!)o
l)(ii:i
10472
34
144
7540 44 IH
51722
5<I46
luuu!
32
iiuay D8!):i
657:t5
<J!)03
3156
.. ii,i:)!)iO
i;ifitii;:iL'(i-.'
:i:i|(i;i!iiil.'i
1:10 !i|).ii:ir
Exported to UoUand in 1854, 18/.
ARTICLES IMPORTED.
COTTON MANUFACTORIES.
IMPORTING VKS.SEI.
ital.
IB
Britlah.
Indian.
French.
Britifb.
Korciifn.
T
Quantity
Value
Uiiantlty.
Value
Quantity.
Val.
No.
Tons.
No. 'Tfiiis.
No, Tim-*.
1 833
n23,7I!() Yds Cottons
4MH (III/., shawls
3,74(i (Id. H('-e.
!)H()ll)s. Tliiund.
2.VJht>
3.31)1,823 yds. Ctns.
3(K)U!)
6,825 yds. Cuttons.
432
272
6lil|3
52
10120
:l(JI
;iiaii
IK34
2,4.1 1,!i(i7>(l». cottons
I3.li(2(|i>z. Ilosu.
1 1,858 lbs. Tlircad.
76(i2!l
1 ,658,737 yds. do.
51368
53,825 yd.s. ('().
14Hlbs. Thread.
2472
2S6
6B33I)
53
1686!)
:!l!)
!i()ii).-i
1835
l,8Hfl,204 yds. Ctns.
I0,J5H diiz. Il(i-e.
14,7«l lbs. Thread.
756a 1
6!ll,oi;l yds. do.
•jiMilhs. 1 bread.
20144
7.1,234 yds. Cottons.
20oib.s. Thnud.
357«
254
58027
53
13001
no;
;i9i«
1836
3,232,377 yds. Ctns.
12,313 dOK. Hose.
12,:i25 lbs. I'hrcud.
!)!)5e.-.
87'l,3fil yds. Ctiis.
80lllbs. Thread.
313.V
30,771 yds. Cottons.
154;
317
72707
53
15888
370
!.^l!«
N'o Rctiinis for I837.
ARTICLES EXPORT E D.
i83;i
183i
I h:i(;
SUGAR.
Imports re-
exported.
Treasury
1
Nett weight Value.
Hills.
lbs. £
r.7483:»72 .')<;2101
7!i4;<8;i.s ,<>.■. 11 70
31834313 fiL'-ilSO
f.33,'-)7347 7302:.!
£
10713
117r>0
87^3
ll88y
£
(■i27!>fi
110273
103317
£
8J7<;o
47742
:i32f:ri
3r.o(0
EXPORTING VESSELS.
'~ -•" 't. Z
Hill
Ship
pair
Kxp
British.
Foreign.
Tdtal.
£
No.
Tods.
No.
Tons.
No.
Tons.
.'jHOOO
2.-..'^
fi042o: 43
S008
2US
f,H.|;!i)
7.'iO()0
.'■1O8
7091)2, Til
1 riri.'to
3.")'.)
«7l.'t8
C.OODO
2fil
r.0032 33
7280
2;) 1
i.7;ii2
yoooo
314
72ir)4
3.')
9897
32')
Klii'il
Rice.
22
IS.d
liuiiiirt.
236418
.
lio e^:■
11425 7|
1 iiiisd.
224893
136:
IS34
liniHirt.
•mn-i
'■■■■
Ilf.exp.
■5124 :il.-
(Oll'^li.
a«tf018 1221
jiiipdrt,
226774
nil
ll.'.ctp.
1 "152
6(i
( odsd.
212422 1073
1
itoO
lm,i.irt.
22143!) ■:(>:<
KC'Cxp.
5679
:i7
■—
Idiisd. 245;60{1306(
Years.
i
C
KM
£ <Mai
lin|ii>rt.
66.16 !)2|)1 1
2IS2
lU'.exp,
1458: 53 III
! 827 <
tuiisd.
51!)8 9238 h
^ 1355
I.S34
1
l(n|iort.
3836 13927
6658 1
K. -cxp.
313 66 III
556 (
Coiisd,
3623 13h61
6102 (
ICM
liii|i(irt.
8lyi l6.'>58
1 3185 (
Ri exp.
123U.V1 hi
tiiiisd.
8u68;i6l0.i
5132 (
IS.lft
Impiirt.
111,55 19687
12138
Kt'-c«p.
432
117 h
Cuiisd.
iU7fl3[ 19570
1IU6H8 I
the years
<i
■<■■
7
a
3
fl
X
r-
*
■a
.f
IM.I
iii:.:.r,s
inn
IKH
illli.VJO
l.'i6
.. hiilijlu
l:ifiiii;:iL'ii'j
:t:t;ti;i!i(ii:i
l;m'!iij.ii;ir
I VKSSEI.S.
igii.
WVlv
■|\it;il.
No. ;Tiin<.
.Mil, ("liilii
ll'MCiir 341)
xSiOJ
T;i!ini ;:u;; rilli"
jKSr;* :i;ni hHii|;i
tis.
Total.
I). ! Toll'*.
f,H.i;in
h'.i! M"i;!H
MAURITIUS.— COMMKRCK.
.Ill
Prtailpd statement of the principal articles Iinpnrtcrl info, Re-exported from, and Consumed at Manritiiis 'urinstlie
yeiirs ih;i:i, ih:i4, ih:i.'i and lH:ili.
Rice.
Uars.
.a
2:2
i*i;i
liuiiort.
'2110418
Ilo ev
1142.^
9
-a
Wheat.
**
1 ,
V
*
9
^
•a
^
1
<;fkinuiirt
(irnln.
ua;ti)o sC) 1981)11 iCtOiA , 7yj*<'^'i
704()| 6S07-iO 1200 150
(onid. rJ249!)J l:i6344 4UU9170 23414
IS34
raiHirt. 279142 1.171!)H ;i7l277i>
7391I72
Hf.cxp. 7.^124
;»45UH
Cimsd. 2U60II4
mi
linixirt. 226774
i;.M'xp. I "152
I
euiisd. 2I2I2-J
IK.IA
liiiiKirt. 2214;)!)
Ilf c\p. .Ml71»
12260(1
I3,VJ6u
:I5"7410
1141,^91! 142963
6612! 836/60
17686 ^70197
720
16968
28862
3332
44880
4574
Oots and
Barley.
0)
Other
Urain.
? I 2
612O94 2187 369933
134
4373 642691
10710 1767970
1.15
2637093
21389:16
1223
I
21.'<7;i69H19li'j'.'i
■001,280010
10335 176797017001
280019
ri93, 1029827 3993 307475
1123
Fiuur.
■3
s
9-'63 His.
9193^9 lbs.
48 brls
:to lbs
Salted
provuluns.
1 1673 12912
63
2796'!
SpllltR.
O 1 >
233 1 1188
9-'l7 brls. II 4608 r2i):,9 •.>iji7;
949499 ll>s.|
1123
(io9i brls. 10303
373632 lbs. I
1179 brls. I 1480
I ^
26123 52:16
6307 1161
Beer.
(Quantity.
fi-.4 hhds.
11198 (Id/.
266 lihds.
I I 406 do/..
19816, 4073 MU hlids.
10792 (In/..
13360 28202
392 910
4912 brls. ' (J023 1:116827292
57.3632 lbs. I I
40960
202
i960 1 5778 brls. 12837 8980 177/3
I691296 lbs.; i
loni a 433 brls. ; 3:19 43' 281
8960 lbs.
107317 36U6203 235:10 2158(J:l6
134312 38:16620
I
3712 310400
lunnd. 24.3760I 130600 3626220
7l93|988867 l:i;yi :io7;l7.-i 1967
3:122 brls ,1229s 8I137 1749-J
682336 lbs
21897 2.360133 I0250I2686:129|982H 89:1026 :tl99; Iil3s() brU., Irt8ii.) 13729
I4is4.il lbs.
861
151200
611
89281 fl2
21000
■in
1542 brls 16161 482
21036 i24389:):il 96:19 267"I0I 9766872026
31727
1394
45468 7237
9982 1641
35486 36 16
I
I
I
58538 7860
I
753 4 1031
213 hllds.
7528 dii<.
51 hlld<.
77 doz.
139 hlid:.
7441 do/..
394 hhds.
13974 do/.
111 lilul>.
112 do/
31002 68O9 .184 hllds.
I 115862 do/.
1.14741 1 151 380 hirls.
I '23386 do/.
18919 23:i7> 83 hhds.
I 212 do/..
Il5:t! 9011 brls, 13162 15217 :lo:t:43l75825 9l73j507 hbds.
11418434 lbs.: ill 25174 dox.
Vi'ars.
lH.i:i
Iniiml.
Ik'.exp.
(i.iisd.
Claret.
f (Jiiantity.
66.16 9'29l lihds,
i 2182 dnz.
14381 53 hhds.
I 827 iloz.
Other Wine.
s s ; =
0'~ •«
~« 5 5 c£ a *»\en and
"a - 3 ,ii = , 2 ; CowH.
.«• (Jiiaiililv. .*■ i e
'288,36 19890 g^iill. 1301 36119
I 1218(10/.
886,22110 );nll. 7:17
78 do/.
3198 9238 hhds,
I 1355 d02.
27970 1 7690 gall. 3764
11140 duz.i
li:)4
Imimrt. I 3836 13927 lids.
6638 doz.
Ki-pxp. ' 2l:t 66 hllds.
3.36 do/.
Coijsd.
liiijHirt,
Ri exp.
tiiiisd.
I Mil
liniHirt.
Kcexp.
:i62:i 13861 bds.
' 6102 do/.
HI9I 16338 hd.<
! 5S83 do/.
r23:i33 lib H.
I 433 doK.
8U68 I6IO.I hils.
5432 doz
1 1 133 19687 hds
112138 do/.
432
(iiuKl. 1070:4
f ^ ! *■ I .f
' 41a3 4l62j 2103 '2763
13211 418 80 41 860
40878' .■4717
4082. 2062! 1905
I I
No.
:i3:iii
3330
47872 i:t982 B.ill. 5044
; 361 (to/. I
620 3145 irxll. 2:169 13118 4
I :tli9 do/,. 1
1311669 160.36 5612 11953I 3'286; :i63S
1035
76 1 60
I
4;252i8537 gall. -2675 113385 13021; 53:l6 11793
i 192 do/. ■
4799H I8809 frail. 348:( 09 ti"
I 1061 doz
533 '2362 Kail. 534j 17587
273 doz
1:168:) 1)661
161' 180
117 libds
1 4.30 do/.
19370 hdx.
10688 doz.
17463 164 47 );all.;'2949 81830
791 doz.
63374:27094 c:all.'7349 123169
1 1319 do/. • I
1109 1143 Kail.! 396, 1148:
122 doz. I
6l963;'26o;!; tfnti 69331)11988
13VI7d...r.
13322, 9173
I73O8
129
17I7U
69 95
2217
3540
Mules and
Horses.
No.
1:1027 '262 mules,
186 borscs
.. 12 mules,
ill horses.
130'27 '230 mules,
175hur3cs.
18250 .4:14 mules.
|3.38horscs,
380 :i9 horses
9360
605
8735
13360
840
u
a.
in
a
s
in
1177521102163
87*7
22762
IO8975 73103
1787o;:i:i4 mules, 12420
319horiies.
tj:)0 6214
36
4230
!46u7 13-296 :i:tl04 l:<8:<0
6l8n
5914
4293 139 :13 1027
'20314 13137 3:<069il3803| 5914
•25-261 79:1 mules,
5:)71iotSi's
143 14 mules,
117 horses.
25116 779 mules,
,3'iolmrbcs
'2962;
900
28722
24/31' 1241 mules 40222
.6601101 scs.,
.. -26 mules,i 1:477
44 horses. I
.14731
l215miile8i:«8R'l5
niOhorses.
40633
14070
o
184786
35853
1656:1 148933
3467
10'232
12707
I88'289
■26350
162739
:<21852
6l:i:)2
1100520
■377429
027;ili
314633
72n( .'9
1102,3
609; 3t>
61.5338
68O119
57743l>
9165211
105317
811'203
■ft '
: I"
rffc
II
I
li
iii
512
MAUlirriUS.— COMMERCE.
Statement of Htigtn and utiier Colonial I'roduco Kxpurtcd, and nf Import* Rc-Expurtcd from Mauritius dutini; tlie vc ari
Ibaa, IHU4, IHM and IHa6.
KXPOUTED TO
Arliclci.
1H33.
S'lBar
other produce
Imports re-exp.
Total .
1834.
SuKar
OtliiT produce
Imports re ex p.
Total .
1H3S.
.Sug:ar
Other produce
ImportH re-exp.
Total .
1836.
Sugar
Other produce
Import!) re-exp.
United
Kingdom.
!65
Ihs.
:>H'ii(i323
,'i7B0139.'i
A7BOI.SU6
.'<47<).'H«9
5471)5481)
I
I3355S914
Total . ,335581)14
a
•a
5111)78
I DO.')
SI8(i
5l7'j6i)
4.'>8305
1-2431
4730U(I
547153
811
4757
France.
Ihs.
343241
343241
58:11)32
S33U32
10241)17
2731)
287
3D4li
687U
5U8I
48 1
C320
11882
888|)
1875
l!)2()N
552721
S83425
Kllll
12(iri5
fl!)7tllll
10241)i;
540288
540288
3U03:
540.1
5«H ..
22403..
a, .a
J] .C u
•cSS,
United State*.
a
■3
I
8011th
America.
a
■a
Cape of Good
Hope.
^■. ] Ihs. .«■. Ih<. I .f.
851476 (i808 l(i77D< 4ti8|
33' .. 1513
168' .. 1D3
ihs.
I5»1,>JI5
854176 700i) 4(!77fi
186
186
38434 ..
12522.31)
I25223D
I68Q8
12
161)08
2174
1511^215
26l76,-iJ
3617652
2613886
26l38sr>
201738!)
721)6
142
2241
»67y
I8i!)8
IT!)
6341
35018
20266
145
4151
24862
I 3017381)
F.aHt .
Coast of
Aliira.
-5 =
ti ■a
lbs.
VII
12a;
7270
7270
18856
I25I1
Miiilngas.
cur.
Ihs.l jt.
Jl'iUli ■-"!
.. 4h..
.. I 161!).'
".I Il7'i, II
21 .. [ 2-J,-|
■2!lt)j .. i I3NM
31)6|ll76 I6ir>',
151 1227. !i
1 211, .. IC-'I!
6»!), .. I s;(i»
18856, !)6U 122,-1 lUi'i
22120
808
11280
34517
■im
Ml.ii
iii,-,3;
a
5
.Seychelles
aud
Fisheries.
Muscat.
1
Hritlsh i'ondi-
India. | cherry.
N. S. Wales
and
V. I>. Land.
is.
Java
and
Sumatra.
•a
§i
5S
ToT.^I..
Articles.
i
3
.J
3
-.» 3
3
- Ml
3
i \ i
.i
u
n
■a
%y
TS
'a
•».«'
•3
^i
•a
■a
S."
73
c4
C3
t."
>
>
y.-^
>
v;is
r*
^*
>
y.i'
>
>
ZS >
>
>
^.S
>
1833.
Jt.
^.
lbs.
iH.
lira.
if. lbs.
if.
IhH.
i'.
A.
lbs.
A . .*■.
Ihs.
f.
Siiffar
..
212808 2l38i214l63
1708114157
137
6039713
30023
, ,
, ,
. . |67lW3.'>7ii''*2<'il
other prodiicc
2011
..
v\ ..
76,V ..
79
467
..
198 115
.. .. 1 wrii
Jr»i;;urts re-exp.
15087
••
••
ODi ..
3074 . .
9400
••
4(132
5«3 7-'2
.. 1 ..
i)-;,-i.o
Total .
1701)8
212808
2254 214163
5547 Kl'ir
9612
6039712.35122
• •
..
791
art;
. . 67 l,s.lJ7;:
1834.
1
i
Sugar
.,
..
1B3777
1303 371
39936912
67627
. ,
1USI3
79
. 7M4381IH5.MI,-!)
other produce
1,-13
, ,
..
488! ..
72, ..
1170
. . ' . .
58
.. ; ., Iirj'i
Import!) re-exp.
4222!)
••
••
••
■•
8025
371
IS04
<iW^
.. 1 ..
59O8
6045
-—
136
1 w>r,i
(i;:liii.i
Total .
46g72
■ •
•■
••
183777
10015
4579
9936912
78790
..
10513
136 71143W.W
1835.
1
Sugar
. ,
, ,
.
444S3
624 1938
19
6353759
45043I ..
.. 94851.-il5 6«i;:(
Other prodncc
2101
. .
13
, ,
887, ..
/
, ,
117"
, ,
, ,
, ,
»:»
Iraportii ro-oxp.
80liH
10172
34
131
••
603«| ..
4392
••
5501 \<S
1
••
5946
5946
* '
••
oylKilS
Total .
34
144
41433
75 40 1038
4418
6353759
51733
85
..
6lH51.'il.'
1836.
Suirar
• •
. .
, ,
4.1374
463' 96
1
5548883
54465
396 1B5
3169
1
433.^7317
Hiftisi
Other produce
2176
, ,
!»rt2, ..
135
1346 ..
623
1854
IhsD
Imports re-exp.
7838
32
••
9634 1 ..
97.16, ..
99'i4'l50
65734 150
••
6130
9912
130-.
31,5'
!••
••
iiiwi;
Total .
10014
32
••
43374
11051)
1 96
1
UH1)2
5548883
396I35
13337317
mM'i
Account of the
Kxported to
Countries.
Total Imported
Re-exported .
Tiie duty paid on I
tius being levied acc(
(no declaration of i
tlie import of specii
island, haviii^' since I
tntry at the Custrim
the sugar nor the cxi
there ascertained.
MAURITIUS.— COMMERCE.
r.n
MliilnitHs.
car.
IIihJ
*..
-ilHlll
■J')
1
4IIJ
1
lAl!!.'
Jtiill
'JO%u
I4l.i:i
Iti:,.!,-
'I'llTAi .
lbs.
1 I'-
ri«.i.V:
.->6:'4n|
! iiir'i
K'*
Iw.i;.sir;rs6-.'si
iiivj
iii.i.iir
iKwwr
Account of the Quantities of Rice, Wheat and Flour Imported from different Countries into, and Ue
Exported to ditfercnt Countries from Mauritius during the years ls33, IH.'M, \KV.^, \WM'> and InltV.
1833.
1834.
1835.
Countries.
Rice.
Wheat.
Flour.
Rice.
Wheat.
Flour.
Rice.
Wheat.
Flour.
Inii>i>i'li'ilfrt)m
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
I1)S.
lbs.
lbs.
I'liitcd Kingdom
—
(i.'if.O.lO
HH.-)72.1
—
189120
vjxn:-,
1492.><»9
4HC>:',(iO
422370
(apf of (iood Hope
r.or.T' 7ii<.(N
i.'-)(;7H-.'
—
lf.0«7H0, 370820
—
I77W280
57.'>ir.2
l!rlti-h India
307()r.f)i'.) n!).'tHir,
2.^.:!.'>28
413C9708:i704.S10
204800
31322098
417H145
12H029
\. S. Wales and
i.'idaii 2i:ml'oh
r>-\H'j(;>j
—
—
—
127500
—
—
V. I). Land.
.
Brit. N. America
— —
498810
—
—
173 ICO
—
—
241603
Trunce
— 24'jo;!n
12400.'!
—
2103C0
232343
—
—
431.140
I!i)urhon .
L>!M8.')0
4yM2
19.'.
—
11:.'7J0
—
—
975
Poiidii'licrry
L'lr.Hoo
—
—
234120
—
—
577r,-'0
—
—
Mailntfnsear
:uir)i75
—
—
1 H90f.0
—
—
4l7.->50
—
—
Vuscat
—
702yoo
—
—
—
3150
180
—
Iktavia and Malay
fifif.OOO
—
—
7H360| —
—
73000
—
—
islands.
1
Initfd States .
—
—
28702.')
— —
270805
—
—
18720
.Manilla
—
—
—
— 1 —
— "
—
— "
—
Total Imported
.•?.vtf,:2f,r,2
.'■.f)4y89o'27.')W3y'4lH7 1248 3712770
1 1
i7r.3i»".3
.">4O10O(",7 <i4429<'>.'')
181H201
He-exportcd .
I7i;t7:)i
(150720
9390^1 09(;8C,20 13,')3f.O
22990.")
I 2152H40i 83C)7(if.
97ti85
Remained for
337481)01
4999170
274r.«49 30902fi28 3.'i77410
1533558
3l8f.3237 5G0r,205
1720516
Consumption ]
1
1
1
1
1836.
1837.
Cou.>trics.
Rice.
Wheat.
Flour.
Rice.
Wheat.
Flour.
ImiKirli'il from
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
United Kingdon
—
1685760
156.5070
—
663840
502152
(ape of Go(jd Hope
—
1986240
1655379
—
1595640
76M700
British India
30f)929C>7
1555020
15113
51604642
4974360
1^2280
N. S. Wales and V. D. Land
—
609600
126945
•.2352
245760
774'/84
British North America
—
—
—
—
—
7s4
France
—
—
79950
—
68640
112112
Bourhon
—
—
1365
—
—
17«72
I'ondicherry
1526300
—
—
24^6064
72000
—
Madagascar
644774
—
—
132.3312
—
—
Muscat
—
—
—
—
420000
—
Batavit and Malay Islands
316360
—
—
—
—
United States
—
39000
—
Manilla
35504
—
—
—
The Fisheries
—
—
~
448
1176
Total Imported .
3:.V! 15905
5836620
3482822
55954753
MO4O240
2360060
Re-exported
851M20
210400
300600
1821649
518200
9016
Remained for \
1720516
562C220
3182132
54133104
7522040
2351044
Consumption J
The duty paid on the export of sugar from Mauri-
tius being levied according to weight and not to value
(no declaration of actual cost being required), and
the import of specie into, and its export from the
island, havitu since 1m34 been permitteJ without any
intry at thi' Cu8ti!ni House, neither the real value of
the sugar nor the exact amount of the specie can be
there ascertained.
3 u
i The average prices of the sugar exported during the
last four years have however been deduced from the
'■ iiett French weight and total cost on board of ship-
ments CI instituting r.eiiiy two thirds of the quantity
annually exported, to the original invoices ot which
. reference hss iieen allnwed by the principal merenn-
; tile houses of Fort Louis ; and a very nearly correct
acc'jui<t of the specie imported and exported during
:.p-
'H
J
i
AI4
MAiMirnns — roMMi iici , mom iaiiy sysikm,
l'.\|iiiiliitii>ii III SiiKiii {MiiiiiiliiM AlinnDiK U, ls:i7
till' In^t tliirr vrnin luii linn iililiiiiiril I'luin tlir
ollti'liil iilimit iiimir to unviliiiitciil nl llir i In^c "I
nii'li i«ili'('<'»i«iv»' vriir
'I'lii' nu'liiKf «'iinl (III liiiiuil, 111 lln' itil|;in rtlii|i|M'il
lioiii Miimiliiirt wiiH. Ill Ih:i:I, \H».<.i,I. |mi IOII lift.
iK'it I'l. \vi.; Ill 1m:iI. ..'o.v. io.r ; III |h;i... -.".u. wy. ,
til I HMl'l. '.'!•.». III'. 'I'l"' MllllHlllI mI h|MMil' llll|ll>lllll
Int.! Ilic iKliiiitl wuH, III Im:i:I, Wl.T.iM.; ill 1N.II.
N.'i.c.'.i'.'J 1 III ih;i.'., M,i';i(W. ; III ih:ii'>. 'JTV.I.M/.
wiiniiil wiiH If ix|Hiilf.l, III 1m:i;i. H.7 '7/ . In INIII.
;iH,70H/ ; III ih;i,'.. 11.1:10/.; In lN:ir., '.17.1IH/
I.Hvliiv' liir (•ii(iiliiii>iii, III 1h:i:i. lim.'.iV.'i/ , In In:i|.
•Jli.llHl/ ; III IMl.'i. 10,1110/, ; III IHiUl. I M 1,711/.
Ill IHM.I. III!' tiiliil lii'll Kiriiili wiiplil iilMimil r\
|>iiiti'il wiiH r.7,lH;i,,i7'.' lilt., iiinkiiiv,. Ill IH«, III/. |iir
100 llm , r.:i'.r,i..'H/. ; llif niilmii liiiiiir viiliii' nl ulliri
|iliiiliiri- i'X|i>iili'il wiin 10,7 i:W ; till- iiliiiuiiil 111 lull
Miirv lillli liMHil In I 111' inlliliiliKllllnl 111 r\( liillli.',r liU
l\llll•^ll lllillU'V HI III |lllVlllllll lilt ntl|i|ilU'M, H|.7l.O/ ;
llii' iiiiiiiiiiil I't liiiniiiiuv l>i>iiil» mill I'lll^ iliiivMi liii
hlil|is' ir|>iilli mill lAiuiisis. iiiiiv III' I'ilmiiilril ill
fiH.OOlW ; liiliil liiriilis til ifliilllmici', 7mM, I ;i I /. I'ltr
liiliil Hliiiiillil III' ilii|iiill». lluliiillliK ii|iiru-. wilK
,'.77, r.".i/. . wlifU'iil Ihf ic rx|iiirts iiiiiuiiiiti'il In
fi..'.7'.MW. ; liiivint? III! i'<inMiiiii|iliiiii, .il l,t.:i:i/. Siii|i|iim
■jr.H.-i'.iH/.
In INIII. till- liiliil mil wrlnlil 111 niiKiir i\|uirliil
wn» Vl.l III.N'.IH llm.. iiiitkiliK III '.'O*. 1(1,/, |ifr 100 lilt,.
7 ll.OHy/ ; llir rilsliilll liiuitf viiliii' nl nlliil |il iiilinf.
WIIH ll,7.'>0/ ; llic liriiHiiiv lillh iiiinvl liy llif tniii
nll^<•lllllll iiiiiiiiiiilril III 17,7 1'.''.; Ilic linlliiliii V liiiiuli
mill lulls liii :ilii|i'i' n'|iuiiH mill ixiiciiiri iimv I"' liiU'ii
nl 7.1,0110/ , liiliil iiiriiiit 111 n'liiilliou'i', hV,'i.,%;i/.
'I'lir miiiiuiil <il liii|iiiltii. rNcliiMivc nl' N|u'rli', vviis
«'.7'l.;i'.M'./. ; mill III N|ii'i'U'. M.'i.r.ir.'/ ; tiiliil linlHUl'..
7t'i,'..0HH/. ; ilnliirt ^|H'('U' IC rx|iiiilril. .'tH,70M/ ; ili'
iliirl iillii r iiii|M>il'i ir i'X|ii>ili'il. 'M'l.'.'OM/ i:il,!ll W, ,
IriiMiiV. Iiii riiii«iiiii|iliiiii. I'llO.I ill. .Siii|iliii, '.' I:«.:i'l7/,
III IMII.i, llu" liiliil lull Wi'IkIiI 111 sii^ai r\|iiiilril
WON h I.H.i l,..l.'i llii . Ilinklll^. Ill '.".'v ;U./ |ii'l 100 lii'i ,
7:r.',H.'i,'/, , llir iiihIihii Iiiiiim' Miliir nl iillirr |iliiiliiri',
WiiK H,7li;i/. ; llli' liniilliv IiiIIh ishiumI liy llir ('niii
liiinKiiiliil miiiiiuili'il 111 .'i.'I.VIil'i/. ; llir liiilliiliii V Imiuh
mill liilU Till iiIii|im' ir|imi'H miil I'Niirn-.rK iiiiiv Ik' liikni
lit r.0,000/. , liiliil iiirmiN III' I'l'iiiillmicr. Nl I.Nsii/,
'I'lic miiiiiinl 111' iiii|iiiiIh, cxrlimlvi' nl ii|ifcif, wim
("il'.'.iril/. ; mill 111 ii|nril', .M.'JIIO/. ; Inliil llil|inil?i,
«>!M>.:i'.' I/, ; ilrilili'l Hiii'ilr ir i'X|inilril. 111.1:10/.; ilr
lllli'l iilluT lliilHillH II' r\|iiillii
.N('.7/. 71.'.l',lV/,
IrnvliiK liii iiiiiiiiiii|
iliiiii. ir.' I..I'.' I/. Siiijilii
.'0.;.i; "/.
Ill I N:ir>. llir Inliil lli'll \vrl!.',llt nl miii.'.iii rx|iiilli'il
wiiM r.:i,:i.'i7,;u7 iii'< . nuiKiiif,, hi .".iv. \\,i pii looiiih .
Vl7 71'!' ; tilt' I'li'tlnlii liniiMi' viiliir lilnlliri |iiiiiliirr.
will II.NM'i/ , III!' Iirii.siiiv InlU iNMiiiil liv IlirCimi
lillMMIIIIil miiinilllril In .ir..O^IO/ ; llir linllnmiv IhiiiiIn
mill lillln Ini hIii|is' ir|iilllH miil rx
|iriiHrit IIIIIV
' I 111. I
III i.lO.OOO/. ; liilill lliriiiin nl IrliilltlllH'r,
lON.'i.ri'.l.s/
I'lic Hliinillll 111 llii|iiiili. I'xrliinlVi-
l| N|ll
Wilt
'.liri,;i'JO/. ; mill 111 i.|irrlr
'.I. I '..".•/. ; Inliil I1I1|iii|In.
l,l'.^.^,li•l!•/. ; tlnlili'l .tiu'ilf II' rx|iiiilril. ;I7,IIN/, ; >[,<
iliirl olliii liiiiimiH II' ix|ii
Hill, •.i:i.oio ' H(it,i.'H
IriivoiK Inl i'iiliMilii|itliill, I.IO.'i.'.^.'l/. Slir|illin,N0. 17;/.
'I'nlill nlil|iliiH iiirmin nl' ii-iiilllmiri' iliiliili; Ilif liiill'
ycm
rxt'linlvi' III lillln illiivvii liy Vllliir nl' Irlti'in nl
Ifillt mill illllOn nl oi'i'iiHliiiiiil it'MlilrlilN. N|.(.'.i:i If.
Avi riiKr miiiiiiil Mil pint. '.'o:i.7:i:W.
I.IVtI'H
I'lmu'iil'ii'it.
1 H 1 '.!
'.M'i'C.'r. 1
iNi:i
.'•rUli.'i
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lOII'.-ll
1 N 1 ,'l
•.','ini',t,%7
iNir.
>«'-'vii;».'i'J
IHI7
t'..'.H;».»',7
ININ
7',ion:»nii
lNl!l
.'i(i7NHNH
IN Jit
I.'i.'i'-'l7.'i.'i
INJI
■Jotloo.Vt
IN'.! 'J
■j:iiiiiriii
|N.>:«
•,'7 III0NN7
IN'.H
;'i:i:ii,'i.'i:«
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I N.'lll
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In:i'.
ih:*:i
in:ii
in:i,%
iN:iti
I Hit?
Niiiiilii'i 111 Slii|i-i I'lilrii'il III I'ml l.iiii
\H.\i, IMmiiiliiiN Aliiiniinck
Niiniliri
il vi'tmlt miivril iif I'lill l.nnlii. in |N:i:I.
» IN
ill in:ii. iNv
III in:i;.. i;.i ; m ihiu;,
i:i;i.
VfUHj'U bi'liinninK In tin- (niniiv. '.»■.' . llln^, 7.h;
l.ivirt
I'lilliriiiir.i,
'.'I ;'.i:i,'i.i.
I'.'|N'I|||,
101. 1 'I • .1
IN l.'.nli'l
tiHV.W ..IH
I'i7'i'.'i.r.:i:'
7o-.'o:ii,;(,
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III I III nl'ili
iNi ! 'w,'i
III. II h
I'inliiililr miiiiiiiil n' rniii ill i lirilliillnli nil tin .11,1
III! riiiliri, l.>':i... r. I'.', iKii/. t ..«. . mill liiiiioiliil ilniiM-'.
till- Mill
IN.K.,
•.t,l'."i/. . Inliil. !l.'l.(il,'./ 1
ill
ililt'l r\|iiiltril ilillllin till' vnil iNltl., !r;.ir// II'.
|iliililllilr miiniiiit III I'nlii III iliriililllnli, i.ll .1 1'tlli
iTIIllii'l. |N:ir., H'.i I, I'IN/. Iv, ; III ivliirli iiiiii. mil Mini
wim III till' tiriiMil v.nli :H-,I I lii'riiiliii . iN.Oi, I'l, .'7 1'
nii|i|intril In lir In tin- liiiliiln nl tlii' |iiililir
,11.1
DiiiiiiIhi', iN:ir.,
'I.I'.'7/.
Amnunl I'f I'lifu-r m iiiiiilnliiiii. |ll,ll. i'vl''|
Il >viiM Iniiliil Hint till' ittilf nl iH'.'.'i in |iii|iil \miimi>
niiii'li Inill mill sviiiii nut, II WIIH tli'riuril inlMinl'li'
Hint II iirw Ittiir tliiiiilil liikr |iliu'r. iiliil Hml II"'"''!
Hir tliimlil III' iiillril in Tin' lirw mtiir !■. ii.iii|"
III
lln Inllnwn ; 1,0 Iiiti't nl '.'0/ null. '.'O.IHMI/ ; I. 'I'"
nnli'n nl 10/ lurli, l.'i.OOO/.. 1 .000 linlri i.l '/ imli.
..lllHi,' , Intnl. 10,0
il.illiiit 'I'lir III lit
I'llli.^MiiK It'lini
lli'|iriiilriirli'i< |iiiiiii
llir tiilii 111 |ii.
iNliililltlii'il Ity liiw '
rill' |iii|iri I'liliri
h.ll' wilt III jllll I
ili'iMr,.'i| nil ilriilill
ii.'.ir tiiiiiii, t.,:ir,
ii'iiiiiiiiiiiit :t:i, )..!../
Uniiiii.ri. ih:ii;
III llll' lllnlilli n
Ihlli'il II llllllkll.)'. I
mill '.liiiirt nl 1 1
nil .lltl Di'i'i'liiliri,
m limit Will' ^I'liriii
111 ; |iri rrni ,
ColllM' II/ Kll'/l
iini 1h:I,'i |in|iri
iMHiirv lintr n jiiri
liiiiiiiii V In Sr|iti'i
III riiiiM'i|iii'ni r nl II
liiil llll llir liiniillit
II iiilii'i, Uillltli riiii|.
I Mi'liiiiil, llm nil', llll'
llll'lll Till' ( 'nlllllll'.
Iiiii; iiiiilii'Y, lit llir II
lull, llir Kiivriiiiiii'i
nil' lii'|.l III tli'iliiit;
l.i'i'|irit krr|i lliril iir
'J tiiiit I I'nilii'
'.'0 tiiiiH III rniii
'.'nil tiiiiH loo ri'iil
rill' ton, rriilu'iiii
:iri'illllllt.
MV. Till' I
iiiii
mil
111
III
ISIHl
Isil.S
INIII
IHII
iNi;
l.xj.'l
I HU'.H
IN.II
lONIlN
IL'..0I1
l.'ONO.'i
r.!.'..'ii:i
I'J.'i.V.'i.ll
ION.Mi,i
ll'l I In I
lo:i:'li.
llvr Stiiili III (111
IMtlili't.
I'"ll l,l.lli»
l''tlllllll-llllllltlll't
iiiiiiii' llll iii'iiiiimi
ii'i,i|
liini.il l'..||
'.illiliil.r
Itliliir N 'III'
I'loliiit Wlllimii
Miilm
I'.iliil
'"till li.i iiii'i .
M.M'iaiirs MDMIAIU S\Sll,M. SIAI'l,!', nUiDlCIS
M
,,0111).' . tiilnl, lii.iMIO/. kIk , lifltlK i*i|UnI til 'JOO.IMII) I liitKhl). Ill till' IrNiinni'tioiii witli ifii- Mililiiiy
(liilliii'i 'I'Ih* Iri'Niiliv lliilcii tliiiH Intiii'il iiif III' llir roinniMniitlill ilr|>iiiliiii'lil, li<i|irlliil \M'l)ililt inr iiii'il.
l.illiiwiiiK tt'lliM " I lo' K<ivrMiniriil iil Mum iliii'< mnl Willi tlili i'\ri'|i||iiM, llii' uiIkIiI < Hi iim' hi IIiii i^IiihiI
lli'|ii'Hcli'll«'ii'i« IHniiHiii III |>ii\ llii' lirmri. mi ilniirinil, iHr llir nniiir ii<< liny wi'ir ni l''ininr Inline (lii> ii-vii
liilliiil, vl/. Ion lliH. (''ii'ihli, (hiiili ill' Hiiiii', ri|iml
I'll
Ihi' iiiiil III
iiilllih tti'llHIv, HI ^|H III', III llir mil
>lnlilliln'il I'V liiw •'
Till' |iii|>i'l I'lHtriH'v HI rliriiliitiiiii iliiiHi); llir Yi'iir
ll.lli will III |llll VMIIi ijll'l Ii', IiII wIiU'Ii It WlIU I'N
iliiillKnl IIII ili'liliHliI (11 llir iiniiiiliil |ili'|iiilril Hi
iiluivr ililli'il, )i,Mr>.'i/. uii'< III till- tii'iiiiHV, mill llir
ii'iiiiilliilix ;tM,l>M.'i/. Ill llii' IliitiiNiil lilt' |iillillr, nil .11 si
(ImtmiImi. lH:ir..
hi III!' iiiimlli III' .liiHiiiiiv, IMM'.', Hull' wiii ("«liili
Il^lll'|| II liiilikiiiK riiiii|iiHiv, liv I'liiiili'i. i'<iiii|iii'<im'.
iHMl Hlmii'H
I00<
ill ; llli'll iHNIH'i illilKiHitril
III liH |li.|. KiikIiiIi : mill Ihr xiiiiii' |iii<|iiii llmii In liu*
iiiliillMMiiili, wlilrli iiif Mil' iiiiiirr, ^ini, mnl i;.imi|i«
III KiHii . . iiiiilir I |ii)iHiil, H ^\>\H iimki' I iiiMirf, 7'J
KHillii liiiikr I Kiiii. Till' i|iniiliil In 1 00 llin I'li'iii'li.
riic lull IN '.'Oi|iiHitiil'< Siixni II ii'rkiiiH'il |iri |iiiihiiI
<>l |M'I I
lirlirlil
liliiiliil
iilliii
III.
I. |ii
Imli
(ii'l liilK III 100 \Un. (iw\
>0 lliH. ItllT ll lillit
jll'l llllK III I. Ml lllH.
Mfiisiiin In ilii' liiiiiiiii'lliiiiit wllli till- Militiiiv
( '■minilrfiiiliilt ilrpiitlliu'lit liii|irtliil iiii'iiniiiri nti' iimiI,
lllil Mi'i't'liilii'l, l^'il'^ In r.".l,07V/. Tlnil lnilit I Inil llir iiii'ii'iiiu't hi ^riiriiil iiir mi' I'liiirli, Vl/
BillilUl Wrif K>'ll>'>'lllv HI lIl'-llllHllHlK HUH ll'llll'-i llllll
III ; |iri I'l'
!'■
Ill
ii/' Kir/iiiiiiif. |l\. II. IMllli
lliiiim; III!
M'ni I Hill |m|n'i mill iin-i'li' wru' lit piii. luil Hiili'li
llllll
II iiiniiHiiii
III
'\ !•
I rnil. Innii
hiiliimv III Si'|itriiiliri lllililiivi', illiiivi' llir iilliii rnlll'i,
III ri>ii'>ri|>iriu r III tlii' ilnniiilil lol lilIU nil I- ii^'.liiiiil ,
lull Ini llii' liiiiilllii 111 Orliilii'i, NiiM'iiiliri, mill Mr
iiiiiliri, Ullll-ill i'iiHI'« wrir ill |im . Nn lillh illiiwii nii
I lli'lllllll. lIlHHIV, llll' M'lll IMU., llV till- I IVll RiiM'IH
I'lir I'lriii'li llllll li III llir IhkIiiIi Hi IIii' |iiii|iiiiIiiiii
III 100 III 'I'.'.H!), Ill hi ('iiHiliinii iMiirtli'i' III lli In \tt.
I'.' liiirH Hiiiki- I null, I ' ' hii'liri I llllll, li llll I tiiiNC,
1 Inl I liilliiMii. riir iiiini' li I I Hirlu'i, mnl II li lo
llll' I'jikIi'iIi Mini iiH ') 111 ;. I'.M'i V kiinl III iTiilli lit
iiii'iiHiHri! mill •mill in llii'i inliiml In Hit- miin' m I'll.
llll' vrll ni ri|iiiil III I Riilliin V |iinln I Mlii I'ln.^'.hili,
lllll ll li lllvVIIVI Illkl'H 111
K'l
llnni HI rniniiirirliil
iiii'iil
Inii; iiiiilii
riir ( iiliiiiiiM'.iii llll iliiiu llllll Ini III llllll sti-i
V. Ill till' mil' I'l 101/ I0« till I'Miy 100/
lull. Tlir Kovrininrnt iii'rniinti. iinrr liiiiiimv, |H.
liiHiHinliiiHi ; II In liy Ihr Vrll thiit rvi'iv hi|i'.i I IN
iiniiHiiiril hi'ic. ;i Klll'i liniKi' I |iHil, .' |iHiln I qiuii'',
I iimiili I Kiilliili. '.' Kiillnii'i I vrll Niiir I'.hkIiiIi
i|||ihI lintllri mr Rriirlilllv I'nilinlriril ri|iliil In ll vrit,
mill 10 iliiiHii In I I'.iiUnn A rn-ili nii'iisiori 110 vtIIn.
l>i'|il in Kli'ihim iiinni'V. Mrirlniiils illiil 'ilinii i I'lic tun ill kHHIII Ii ;' HOO lli-i I'lcnrh . MliniiV Wnnil,
ki'i'|ii'iH ki'i'ji llii'ir nrrniinlK Hi ilnllmn mill ri'iitir"iri. , :',000 IIin. ; rnll'ri', 1,100 Ih-i
I'lillnn,
•0 llll
•J 1IIIIII I I'i'iilli'iiir
'.'0 iiiiln
10 ci'iillriiii'i, I hvii', III riiilic ('nliillilll
'.'llll siiiiH too t'i'iilli'inr>', 10 hvii'i. Ill I ilnlliii',
riir mil, ri'iitU'iiii', hvir iir liiinr, iiii' iiinnii"! nl
:ll'l'illlllll.
rliivi'N, 1,000 Ihi., Kimn. 1,100 Ihn. , hi|iiiili. I'.'O
vi'IIn ; ni|iiiiri' rut tiinhci, :l " riihir hrl , hnmili, :isii
It'll
llllll
kIi'n, :i,,ioo.
11
ir illlH'lit. Ill iirir, in 1011
ii|iiiiH' iii'ifhfi, tilt' iit'i'i'h In '.Ml h'l'l I'li'iirh. 'I'hi
tiiniiii"!' Ill t'liM'i, I " fllhlf hit HH'ii'iiiiriiliiit ,
li
I
')
'Ml
\IV 'llir innnlt'isiVf llli'I't'llNi' 111' Cilltlviltlnn mnl Slmk hi llir Cnlniiv. ii linn ihrwn :
ISIH'i
lsil.1
islit
I'lll
i.si;
IS'.'S
IS.II
lOHllN
K'.iOII
1 .'imo.'i
r.'.'..'ii:i
l''.i.V.",H
lOMj.hi^
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io:i'.!iii
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t./'.M /
■J; H
■.'OH. I
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'.t;rj'.'o4 i;i7;:il
lovi.'i
n'.i;ko
I |h;'i|
iil'.M
' ' >.'
lO'.'-.'l
(O'.ION
_..
!l||l.
'IH.ill
llliMM
.--
•jvii;«''
iiir.7iW
iir.'i.l 1
lo'.ti;
.'.•.■■.!.'.;i
'.tlH.i
• lOiiV
.■.r.:i I
I Oil I
II
JH
<-"
<'^
<
qO
•.'171
711
•.'ir.i
•.'.'.III
' li'i.'it)
■.•7'J
•J 1 MH
:tioii
•,'0'JI
'JOI
•.'•'■7:1
'."t'M'.l
:iNN
,'iNH
■JllM
:i;iH7'.t
:iNH
II 'III
'.' 1 1'.i
:i:i:i',.7l
1 •.'.v.
liiii;
|■.':l',t^
llOHi
S'..
r.'.'.Hi
II. '.Hi
1 lo.'.7i
.ii:»
t
i t
I'litnl.
'.'••MM-JH
■.fi.o.'.7;«
.'.'il'JICJ
■.IV'JHOU
■J7H0ll(i
:iO/'7o<.ti
7.-i7'.'7
wM
I
t Ivi' stiii'li i.r llll' Muiirllhia, IN'j; mnl lii:l'J.
IIMilot.
I'.'il l.iiiil*
I'lniljill'lllilllnn,'!
IIIM. 11' llll Kriiiiintl
lilii|
lilnii.l I'nil ,
Itlvli
11' \ .111
I'liihu'i Wlllii'iii
Miilm
I'.iliil
liiliil lur llii'i
I
H«K
44
,rt;l
7«H
arl Mfl
'^4,-1 ttt,
4;l.^i I4:i
imi •u\
1:111 IN,"
IJII
II AM
lll.^.MI'Jl•ft
1llll.^
>3
« »
I"
l;iii
l»V
;i;.V|j
V.lll
>ia«r
a.i'j
»M 1
•jr;
«:i J 1
'J'J.V
mill
11(1
4II.III
:iiiN
Mill 1
III,
1 ,"'JM
Kl;
iilUl:i
i;u;
HIJIIII
IU:tN
irtru
i;-rti
irds
I .'iu:i
ii|)i(l
I7HN
iHOr.
Mill
IHI t
IHI7
IH'.'V
IHM'.'
iHjIi
IN-J
.IHM
Nii:t
7<i;i
7lH
710 I
Mllirn
mill
7:10
H('.!»'J
li.r.7
I '.''.' H
•.'i.;ij
'.",!!ll>
•.'(i'.l6
Itlllh
mill
CnWH
ml 7 1
('iH:'h
II 1(17
I IINII
IH'I7I
■.'I'.M.l
•J I. III'.)
( 11 lllll
Hint
Sliri'ii.
;.".M0
'll.i:i
an.is
l.ilHi
I MO ■.'.'•
r;'i7
l!UH
l'iK«.
1 1 iiii;
i:i..iM
I I '.Mil
;&
616
M.M'KITIUS.— STAPI.K PUOOUCTS.
Produce, Ike. or the Mauritius, [n. H. IH36.]
Number of Acre
r. of Ia
nd V<\ each Crop.
Name of the County
iji
o-s :Ui
or District.
^j
11
3
I
,
Divers PI
tation
Z8a
<?,2
X
1
1
Wood
Total
of Aci
Cr
No. of
vated
fort I.oiiiii ....
..
..
;m'iOo
.,
..
.,
4;»
.3r,49
33.'.
I'niDplcintitiHSrx . . .
f)()0
17000
20000
, ,
• •
1000
400(1
iM.'iOO 24000
H7
Uivicre de Htiiipart .
IliO
l48or.
2000
, ,
, ,
100
2K00
i,'i02r/ I MOO
••i7
Flnt(|
1922
7«50
4.3:.
:»r.
20
70
.'.h| OH'JH UH-WMi
.1.'.
Grand Port ....
71 H
44. 10
12.50
172
27
I MO
23'J7'.»
7037 2".229
37
Snvuniies
2H(I
.■»r,72
7r>2H
7:.
(iKO
7.3S4
4707' 14912
17
Plaiiieii Wilhems . .
lOHl
77r,4
y."..3f.
<jl
i:.
1820
ll.'.f.O
10771' 2109C,
:.i
Riviere Noire . . .
3f.7
IIHS
21200
, ,
, .
72:j
'JT.'.O
227« 33y.'.0
2.'.
Mok.a
i:)5
;i9H
C477
15
• •
C.lrt
4742 12'J(i I121!>
16
Total . .
Bl.W
57127
7.'J02(;
38'J
C2
f.CHl
01322
69.'. 12
197290
dyo
Average price of sugar, 1/. 9*. per cwt.
Comparative State of the Culture (in arpens), from such Documents as could be possibly procured.
[Mauritius Almanack, 1H37.]
Name of the
County or District.
Pamj.lcniousscs .
Uiv. du Kempart
Flac(| . . . .
Grand Port . .
SHvatuies . . .
Hivieri' Noire , .
Piainos VViliicms .
Mulva . . . ,
Total
1827.
IH36.
^
H
en U
4.'>86
18. '4 7
70.'-.4
.'.084
6894
16333
2883
13379
31, 1 6
8H37
870
22262
^420
9649
398
1012M
3026 1
103919
O 3
> -yj
138.',
278,'.
1280
2008
1903
874
2 7, '.9
1 0,3 1
1402,'.
e
O
I
I
o
O
a.
23I4|
1832 1
2140:
37121
1620
I, '.63 1
1179!
,'.18
41941
33331
3228i
1764,
1228|
1631!
11271
180
26
7j
10,'.,
209:
479|
187;
3
237
8,'.
341
83
32,'.
67
no
14878 1607.'. 1068 1248
^
3
u
I o
B £ t J!
P « i a,
30989 17000,20000 1000
20180 MNO.'i
30321 7 8 '.Hi
I ,'.00
U \-f.
i
24028
17,'.48
27319
194311
122,'.8i
44.'.0i
48,Vj!
1190
7764!
3.'.7;
200
780H
9536 17H,'.
. . ' 60H
306 129 I 610 ....
70 46 6 2ir,N 3r, jn
640 100 7HH IT:'.';
6M0 4.VI On;', W..
,'iOO .. II 000 L'.V.,
632'l3sl yi 1,-,
20, 137 \i..
182074 .'.■-283:37.'.44 6589 1ho7 7270 434 •■:'
Total for 1836, 111,989.
It is to bo .'pgrettfd that the above table is also imperfect; but it is given as procured from tlieOovcrn-
ment oflice. It may be hoped that ihe civil commissaries and the planters will lienceforlh attach more
importance to it.
Number of Anin>t.la killed and sold at the Market
of Port Louis.
Years.
Oxen and
Cnlve.s.
Pigs.
Goafs and
Slieep.
Stags.
1827
2606
327'".
1399
47
1828
2225
3.345
1450
54
18:' 9
3273
3204
1317
17
1M30
295:'.
3340
1495
34
1 83 1
3. '.2 2
3600
1315
57
1832
2590
2700
1010
23
1833
2850
3358
1295
15
Total
20015
22819
9231
248
In this return are not reckoned the oxen killed for
the troops .nul the marines. Since 1834, the bazaar
being leased, it has been impossible to procure the
necessary refuros for cuntinuing the table; but it is
considered that the number of oxen killed may be
estimated at 3,000 annually.
Cnmi.Brallvc state nf tlir Siiirnr M»iiiifi\rtiirlis and I)i>til-
li-rii-s in IHj; ami Ih^iiI. [.Muiiritiiis Aliiiauurk, ixar.j
IN'J/.
i
i4
S
£ e
Oiatrict,
1
•6 S
3
i
is
X,tf>
H
!0
PamplcniotiHsos .
II
10 H
«1) ' U
RivltTC (lu Kcinpart
n
•21 r.
fj
IS
Klucq
as
M .1
n
IH
(iraiul Port .
i-j
3 1
li>
M
.suvannes
i:<
l:.
i:i
Kivlere NOirc
(1
1 ,.
(1
Flaiiies VMIIicms .
u
'1 4
a«
*j«
Muka .
a
9
5
Total .
m
50 ii
1
1/1
105
I83fi.
1;1
a
i
1,1
i
si ;t
:io
»; -t
m
i:ii ;i
i«
s .,
V
i(>„.
■J
.'/, .
•i
H> -i
III
■■i'..
fi4 HI
lit)
■3 li
r «
41 Hi
iO II
:)3 li
II li
IS I'J
■ ■'■
n II
i I
186 69
Manvfm-Uirii'H, Fhhmp^, ^v.— \V.. H. lfi3B.]-
I'urt l.iiiiix—X water-mill, I steainiiiill, 1 taii-h(Hisi,
I salt-pit, 2 lime-kiln.s, 2 (islieries.
I'liniiilcimnisucn — 30 steaiu-mills, 5 wattr-millSi "
milU worked by n
vrric, 4 wheat ii
Uiririi' du Urin
I mill worked by
ri.'n, flsherlcH.
niill.t ; 7 Hfheries,
iiiilN, '' water mill
kilns, I tan-housi
inlllx, 15 water-mi
Idn-r. — 5 walei
ilsheries. I'laim ,
niilH.nnd 2 mills )
:< liine-kiliiN. Mi'
by iiniinals. Thn
Tlie (ishery is i
l.iiuis market on t
Niiii
DIk
Port Lonls
Fiiiil.iiiirK il
KHiil.iiiiri; il
PHIIipU'lllllll
RIvicru ilii I
Klari) . ,
(irniMl Port
Naviiniie
Klvicre Nol
PItlllCM Wil
Mokn..
Total
Dintrict.
Port I.imis .. ..
Kniih il|. I'Kst
Kniili. 111. 'Oiicst
FaiiipU.m(iiiss...s
Hiv. ilii Keiii|iart
t'Isc'l
(irmiil i'ort
Siiviinne . .
Kiviirc Voire
HlHliifsWillicms
Muku . .
H t.
Total . .
51 ;
l.inl iif H'niit.i ciil
— .Maiifno, CheriiDiil
Mine, Herjiainot, .,11
tivn, Carainliole, M
riaii .Miiilifrry, V(i
Hoveiiia, Custard
•M•i'll^ Chiiu'se G
Omn^'e, ,Inr Plum, f-
T'utf, Quince, St. I
lieriy, Pomegranate
MAURITIUS.— STAPI.K I'llODUCTS.
:.i7
(•■7
.').'>
.17
17
r.i
a.'i
ck, isar.)
iHiin.
•a I
:ifl
ti Hi
;l!l
iO 11
•iXl
:« IJ
U
II 1'
'J
IS l:>
i;
7 ■'•
III
•iVi II
.. 1 J '
.
IW
IBfi (i'J
. Ktf..]-
tai
.h.lllil',
lU'l-llllll'i '
mill* worked by animalii, I stone quarry, l(i guilile-
viricn, • whont milN, Hi flshcrlc*.
Uirifif liii Urmiiint — ill »tpnm-inlll», .'> watPr-millR,
I mill workt-d l>y Biilmnln, 'J windtnills, 1 1 f^iiildcve-
rii'K, f> fl«lierU'». /'V/ic^. — 13 wnN-r inilln, 20 strain-
tiiills ; 7 rtHherlfs, IM aUinhic". (iimol I'n-t — <) Mram-
mill*, '' wiitfT milln, 2 (listilliTJri, 17 ulemhics, 2 limo-
Uins, I tnn-houHc, ".' (Nln'rii'n, Stininni'. — 'J ntcarn-
iiiIIIh, l.'i wotir-mil!s, 1 1 KiilldcverifH, 1 fishery. H/'/c*
l(i,;-r. — 5 wnlci iiiills, :< strain -mill", 2 salt pits, 7
linlicries. I'laim'ii It ilhrniK. — 7 sfcHin-inills, ;i wntcr-
nillls.niid 2 mills worked hy niiiinnl'', 10 miiiUli'Vcries,
t liine-kilim. Mukn. — 2 water-mills, 1 mill worked
liy BiiimHls. There are no mines in this islmid.
Tlie fishery is carried on for the supply of I'ort
l.imis mnrkit on the coasts of this island ; it is also
rarrlcd on to some extent at acverai of thr dependent
islands, where the llsh are cured, ni\d heini; lironKht
to market here, form a ("reut resource for the suli-
sistence of the poorer classes of the population and of
the apprentices.
Althouf;h no vessels are employed in whale flshing
in the vicinity of the island, it was carried on to some
extent at the dependi-ncies, particidarly at Seychelles,
chielly hy vcssi'ls licloilKini; to the United States.
Three vessels helonKini; to this part have been em-
ployed during the year 1h:iCi, in whale llshiii(? at Sey-
I ehelles, Aeeordinn to a douhtl'iil return in the W. II.
I Colonial OtVice, Mlt'sCiHl acres of land hiwe licen
Rranfed in the colony, and 1 Hi, oor) acres «inaio to
he granted.
Numhi'r of Trucks, Carts, Ac. at the Mauritius from Ihiio to ih:ii1. [Mauritius AInmnnck.
ih:io.
IH3I. Ih:i'J.
a
s
'i
M
■lilt \% Y*'i «
> Is !^ \j»
District.
M
1^
3'
■J
J3 V
p
2^
1
n
3^
X
Carts with t
wheels.
Cart.s witu t
wheels.
in'-
X
Fort I.oiils
..
I4t
.Ml
yii' '.•iirt
. . ; 78 34 Tl WO .... 10"
S3; H3'IU0
FaiihmirK «lc I'Est
. ,
4H
1 47
. . ' 3'i 1 1 (1 . . 1 . .
ao
..: 3| 3
Kuiilii'iirif ill' rOuest ..
'iJ
..
rti !«7
IH 1 .V %\..\ ..
s
• ; 3 rt
l>mi\i(leiniii|s!n.« ., ..
I
H
■J'ill
IS
ail lid
J IHI 14 'Jl (in a, 3
IWI
ao aa 57
Hlvlirc ilii Ueuii>«rt ..
/
a
'illl
17
3» HS
■J
■i i.tiii 11 ii 11; 1 a tfii
1) lai 3u
Hani
a
•iUH
1-
3:1 I4!i
A
a I'rl la ai> nm 3 i i 17A
IA| 31 81
(iraml I'ort
II
71
•i
.0 US
III
8 A;i 4 II 7(1 It ..
43
..| 10
38
Siivacmc
s
1
Ul
u
!) 4S
4 HI :i () :iH H ..
H4
a la
3i
UlviiTc Si>1rc .. ..
6
1
7!>
K
•Jl Bi
4
a fl;i .1 ifi 47 14 ..
7y
ao
411
I'liliies Wllliems .. ..
»
IS4
u
•J I 73
fl
7 i.M 11 Hi .^a loi a
\ifi
7 III, 4.^
Moka
H
1
:n
6
III 35
3
ai 3 1 10: ui .. 1 30
ft 7} ao
Tiitiil
na
34
lar-
1
130
V
loin
3(5
3a i(i-.!a lOi ioi 701 ,'>;
H
i)()3
111 la
.'>l.t
1
District.
Port I.imh .. ..
Fniib (Ir I'K^t
Faiili. lie 'Uiicst
Piiin^iK'MKiiiss.'s
Itiv. (Ill Hfinpart
FIki'I)
(iniiiil I'ort
Srtvaiiiic ..
Rivliri. Noire
Pliiiiu'H WiUicms
Muku . . . .
Total .
1833.
B
5
^,t:» c ' t:
.. I 10:1
.. 411
.. I II-
7 an
a ' 34!l
7 IH.1
•• I 2'
.. I 7<i
4 9;i
3 nil
.. 3i
SI I 33 lao;
l(!:i
1831.
18:m.
I8.IS.
= =5 a '5=3*0:, S3 SiSHsSS
Xr-;j -J •wjB.-;y |y j -j^Xi-u
UH
4'
s
au<
44!
3S
aiii
10;
■■"1
7i
8
10
59 31
81 a;
HI) lOJ
i7 0!
a;ll ft|
47ll»'
I4| h{
l7;iol
1 13 1
431
a.-.i
a.s7|
l»7i
19J,
103
78l
791
113;
:'ri
U4| 111 317 .
3; ft 14 .
8' -34 .
43: (it
311 4rt
3:t; 71 I
331 S3 I
3il7!0UH .-i4j IS I3S3
18H 304
331
41'
ftS
III
73J S81 as
^
1
•J
lai
91
44
4
30
3
397
33
3n is|
anti
31
I3S
4
//
ft
93
10
130
III
3!l
1394
190
% 3 .'3 .
iMili ^
I IS 303 ..
3 14 ..I
6 31 ..
4ftl 91 8
40 ft4 3
33 j 70 1 1
31; ii 6
I3{ 33 ft
I9I 4(1 3
li»' s,i 9
7! Ill s
II
3
no'
101*
4(1
3
19
l|
ad.")
33,
3l.'i
aal
IH3
III
100
s
7<>
4
H3
8
131
18
311
1
1316
aui
1
3
:j~ 3
1U3 33.'i
ft 14
ft II)
4(1 87
40 (17
31 SS
16 37
10 17
6 3.1
31; SI
sl 16
\.\sl (if FihUh riiltivalM iit Ihf Isliiml 11/ Miiitritiiis.
— Manso, ('heriuii)lia, Unmhoutan, (iiinva. Plantain,
l.iinu, Herj;iuni>t, j'uinlioso, Muholo, {-'clelies Miiii^os-
ti'iii, Cariirnhoie, Mamniee, Apple, .luck, Kit;, Tarta-
rian Miilheny, Vo'ilac, (•rnpc, Tamaiiiul, Sweet
Hovciiia, Custard Apple, Alligator Pear, Otaheite
A|)j)le, Chinese fJuava, I.emoii, Citmu, Seville
Oiaii>i;e, jnr Plum, Sapudilla, Kuropean I'luin, Bilimhi,
Date, Quince, St. Helena Almond, Voaviiif;, Itlack-
lieiry, Pomegranate, Caiamlas, Olaheite Chestnut,
Sour Sop, l.itchi, ling Plum, I'ink Guavn, Orange,
Mandarine, ('oinhava, Brazil Cherry, Mantjostieii,
Mnilaj;asc.ir I'hnn, Cocoa Nut, (Jasliew Nut, Bread
rruit, S')rindi, .1 heb, Uaspborry, Orenadilla, Cantor,
W'aiupi, .Su^rar .\pple, l.oie^anc, Indian Plum, Papaya,
Shadilock, Madagascar ()nini;e, Kii.<c Apple, Sapota,
Cochin CMiiiie.se ditto, Chinese Plum, Double (,'ocoa
Nut, I'each, llima, Ja|)an Medlar, Pine Apple, Straw-
berry, C.u'ao, Indian Pig, Cookia.
.V/(i( ('.v.— I'epper, Camphor, Tea, Sago, Nutmeg,
ii
m
.1
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
l:£|2£ |2.5
no ■^" M^H
ui IXii
^ 1^ 112.0
u
I
m
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
/.
//^.<»^5^
^
1.25 1.4 1.6
^
6"
►
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
o
*ie ..^
%
Is
A
\
MAURITIUS.— STAPLli PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
518
Rftviiisara, Vanilla, Clove, Allspice, Betle Nut, Cin-
namon, Cotfce, i5etle.
Nature and value of property annually created,
moveable and immoveable, in Mauritius and its de-
jjcndcncies.
Property anniinlly created and consumed or con-
verted into Movealile or Immoveable Property. — Ani-
mal food for 100,000 mouths, at 100 lbs. a year each,
10,000,000 lbs. at 3d. per lb., I2.''),000/. ; fish for
100,000 mouths, at lOOlbs. a year each, I0,000,0001bs.,
at 1(<. per lb., 4\.,l>Ml.; eggs, poultry, milk, butter
and cheese for 100,000 mouths, at Id. per day,
l.')2,083/. ; bread — viz. flour, manioc, potatoes, yams,
kc. for 100,000 mouths, at 2(/. per day, 304,18GA;
conditnent.s — viz. salt, pepper, spices, &c. for 100,000
mouths, ,''),000/. ; tea, colfee, spirits, wine, &c. for
100,000 mouths, at ^d. per day, 70,041/.; personal
clothing renewed for 100,000 persons, at 21. per arm.,
200,000/.; furniture for 10,000 houses, at o/. each
per annum, .'j0,000/. ; food for horses, cattle and live
stock, 60,000 head, at 1/. a year each, .lO.OOO/.;
sugar annually produced, 70,000,000 lbs., at Ihl. per
lb, 4.'57,.")OOA; rum, molasses, and other articles,
fi.'),000/. ; luxuries consumed by the rich, .50,000/. ;
surplus incomes derived from trades, professions, &c.,
] 0,000 persons, at 50/. each, 500,000/.; losses by
fire, storm, accident, &c., 10,000/.; total annually
created, 2,000,470/.
Moveable Property. — Horses, .SOO, at 20/. each,
10,000/.; mules and asses, 2,500, at 10/. ciicli',
25,000/. ; horned cattle, 25,000, at 5A each, 125,000/ i
sheep and goats, 10,000, at 21. each, 20,000/. ; swine'
20,000, at \l. 10,*. each, 30,000/.; poultry, value'
10,000/. ; house furniture in 10,000 houses, at 25/. ij
house, 250,000/. ; personal clothing of 100,000, at
5/. each, 500,000/. ; stock of merchanrlizo, value,
000,000/.; ships and boats, value, 200,000/. ; machi-
nery and agricultural implements, value, 500,000/. ;
bullion, 35,000/. ; total moveable property
2,311,000/.
linmnveithle Property. — 10,000 houses, at 50/. each,
500,000/.; cultivated land, 100,000 acres, at 20/. per
acre, 2,000,000/. ; meadow and wood land, 200,000
acres, at 3/. per acre, 000,000/. ; manufactories of
sugar, &c., 200, at 500/. each, 100,000/.; public
buildings, forts, churches, &c., 1,000,000/.; roads,
bridges, aqueducts, wharfs, &c., 800,000/. ; total im-
moveable property, 5,000,000/. Property annually
created, 2,000,470/.; moveable and immoveahic,
7,311,000/.
DEPENDENCIES OF MAURITIUS.— RODRIGUE, SEYCHELLES. &c.
[The position, latitude and longitude, &c., of the Dependencies, is given at p. 500.]
Names.
Acre
Main'' .
Pr.islin
Silhouette
I.H Dii^tic .
Curieusc .;
311(1(10
d()0(
.l/OU
2II(I(
lUOO
The island of liodrigue, the Seychelles Islands, Diego
Garcia, &c., belong to Mauritius, and an agent from
the colony is placed on the vast and important island
of Madagascar. Rodrigue is situate about 300 miles
to the eastward of Mauritius, in 19.13. S. lat., about
20 miles long by 12 broad. I passed close to it in
1823, but did not land on account of the heavy surf
■which breaks along the shore. It is mountainous, or
more properly s,peaking a succession of hills, clothed
■with verdure, the vallies are full of rocks and stones,
which cover the surface to a great extent, leaving,
however, a large portion of fertile soil, which is cul-
tivated by a few French colonists from Mauritius,
with which a constant intercourse is kept up in
transporting turtle from the former to the latter.
There is abundance of fish around Rodrigue, but it is
singular that those caught outside the reefs in deep
water are poisonous, and several sailors have died
from eating of them. One sort caught near the
island resembles a whiting, and from its destructive
(|ualities is named by the French, mart au chien.
The existence of poisonous fish has never been pro-
perly accounted for ; we know of no birds or ani-
mals that are poisonous, even the most venomous
snake, when decapitated, is good eating. Some think
that the fact is owing to copper banks, on which the
fish feed ; but it is remarkable that those caught on
the same bank are at one time poisonous and at
another edible. Some sorts are, however, poisonous
at all times, and I have seen a dog die in a few
minutes after eating one. Mariners ought to reject
fish without scales ; unless they know them to he
good, and a silver spoon if boiled with the fish will
turn black should it be noxious. The early French
settlers narrate that they found eels of an exquisite
flavour on the islend, so large that one of them was a
load for tivo men to carry. On the N. side of the
island there is a bay affording excellent anchorage, a
secure shelter for ships of all dimensions, (the squa-
dron which was collected from India and the Cape,
for the conquest of Mauritius, in 1810, rendezvoused
here ;) and abundance of wood and water. The air
is delightful, the water clear, the vegetation luxu-
riant. In time of peace it is useful as a haven for
shipwrecked mariners, and in a period of war as a
cruising station (a vessel from Bombay, the ' Eidi.n,'
laden with cotton, took fire at sea in October 18.^4,
and the crew, after being many days in an open b(jat,
reached Rodrigue when almost perishing, and fruiii
thence the Mauritius.)
The Seycheu.es or Mahe Islaniis, isituate to
the northward of Madagascar, between the parallels
of 4. and 5. S. lat., were partially explored by M.
Lazarus Picault, in 1743, by order of Mahfe de la
Bourdonnais, the Governor of the Isle of Fi-ance;
but in all probability they were previously known to
the Portuguese, as were the Amirantes, a low and
comparatively insignificant group, 80 miles distant ;
if, however, the Portuguese saw them, it seems
sti-ange that they were not explored, as we should
then have had an earlier account of the coco de mer
peculiar to those islands.
The Seychelles capitulated to the English in 171)4,
after which their flag was considered ncutial hy the
English and French, when belligerents : on the cap-
ture of Mauritius the islands were taken possession of
as a dependency of that colony, and have since conti-
nued under the superintendence of an agent (k'liiitcd
from Mauritius, who is aided by 25 soldieis from
one of the regiments in garrison at the latter place.
The following are the names of the principiii
islands, with the number of acres contained in
each : (The total acres are, 50,120.)
DEPENDENCIES OF MAURITIUS.
r.io
Names.
Acres
Names.
Acres
Names.
Acres
MalK' .
Praslin .
Silliniiotte
La DiBiie .
Curieusc .;
aoono
aooo
5701)
20(10
lUOO
St. Anne .
Cerf
FriKate .
Mariane .
Conception
500
400
31)0
250
120
Felicity
North Island
Denis
Vache
Aride
800
500
200
200
i,-.o
There are upwards of 1.') other islands of a smaller
size, all resting on an extensive bank of sand and
coral, which also surrounds them to a great extent.
Miihe, the seat of government at the Seychelles,
and principal island in the group, is 10 miles long,
and from three to five broad, with a very steep and
rugged granite mountain running through the
centre. The town of Mrihi is situate on the north
side, in a small glen, irregularly built, and containing
some good houses ; the principal persons being,
however, in the environs. It is of course more
densely peopled than the others; the total popula-
tion, when I visited the group in 1825, was, whites,
:<ii-2; free coloured, 323; and slaves, fi.O.'iS; total,
C,9G3. There is, however, a scattered population
on many of the flat islands spread about those tran-
quil seas ; sometimes on approaching one of these
low verdant isles, the recent creation of the coral
insect, we have been surprised by a boat pushing
off from the shore, and a dark-coloured Frenchman,
or Portuguese, coming on board the frigate and pre-
senting us with eggs, milk, and fowls, at the same
time informing us that the island we saw was his,
and that his family would receive us hospitably if
we would land. On several of the Seychelles and
Amirante group we found no human inhabitants,
but abundance of hogs and goats, as also papaws,
cocoa nuts, and other edible fruit ; indeed cruising
about this beautiful archipelago is more like romance
than reality ; while the Italian beauty of the skies,
the serenity of the atmosphere, and the purity of
the breeze add a peculiar charm to the soft scenery
around. The oldest resident at the Seychelles never
witnessed there a gale of wind ; but the sea breeze
is constant, and tempers the heat so as to divest a
nearly vertical sun of the ill effects of its fervid
rays. I have spent whole days wandering from
island to island among the Seychelles group, and
revelling in their romantic scenery, with no other
protection from a tropical sun than a broad-brimmed
straw hat, yet without feeling the slightest bad effect,
and with Imt little fatigue. The thermometer varies
from 81. to M., its mean being 70. to 72. ; the
healthiness of the station is indicated by the great
age and large families of the inhabitants ; indeed it
is no uncommon sight to see four gf iterations sitting
down at the same table, and forming a numerous
party.
Although the bank on which this archipelago is
situate is of coral formation, yet all the Seychelles
Islands, except two, are of granite, huge blocks of
which, generally piled up as it were in a confused
mass, form their peaks, which are covered with
verdure. Lieutenant (now Captain) K. Owen, R. N.,
and myself, with a party of seamen, ascended North
or Fearn Island, after two hours and a half difficult
climbing. Towards the summit, for many feet,
there was nothing but huge blocks of granite, piled
on each other as a number of paving stones would
be on an Irish reurn ; several of these rocks were of
the magnitude of a small sized house, and so nicely
poised that one might be moved with the little
linger.
The Seychelles possess many excellent harbours,
and being never visited by tornadoes, the neighbour-
hood is frequented by whalers who till up their
vessels rapidly with sperm oil. The inhabitants
cultivate cotton of a superior quality, spices, coffee,
tobacco, rice, maize, cocoa nuts, &c., and carry on a
lucrative trade in the numerous small vessels which
they possess, in articles suited to the Indian, Mauri-,
tins, and Bourbon markets. (Some shijjs are afraid
to tish on this bank, the whale being so violent when
wounded.)
The vegetation around is extremely luxuriant ; the
most remarkable specimen is the coco de mer, so
called because the nuts were found on the shores of
Malabar, and on the coasts of the Maldive Islands,
many years before the place of their growth was
ascertained, when each nut sold for 300/. or 400/.
from its supposed medicinal (juality. The nut is con-
fined in its growth to the Seychelles, and even there
to two islands — Praslin and Cicrieitse. It springs
from a species of palm, 60 to 80 feet high, with full
leaves ; at their junction hangs the nut, one foot long,
eight inches thick, with a light coloured tasteless jelly
in each of the compartments ; the seed vessel is
about two feet long and three inches diameter, stud-
ded with small yellow flowers issuing from a regular
projection, which resemble those of the pine apple.
The smell arising from the flower is by most Euro-
peans considered intolerable, its offensiveness increas-
ing the longer the Howcr is kept.
Various spices grow on Mahe, &c. such as the
cinnamon plant, cloves, nutmeg and pepper, which
were introduced by orders of M. De Poirre, the intel-
ligent governor of Mauritius, with a view to rival the
Dutch in the Moluccas : the cultivation, if persevered
in, would probably have rendered the Seychelles, at
the present day, as valuable as the far-famed spice
islands, but the plantation was burnt on the approach
of a ship of war (French), which was supposed to be
an English frigate.
Mahfe has a British resident from the Mauritius,
with some subordinate officers, and there is a petty
civil and criminal court, held for the trial of causes
and offences. The inhabitants are extremely hospi-
table ; and I would strongly recommend our whalers
visiting the Seychelles, instead of leaving the fishing
to the Americans and French. Tlie central position
of the Seychelles for trade with the Eastern Hemis-
phere, is thus shewn ; — Mahd to Madagascar, ,^76
miles; Comoros, 828; Mauritius, 928; Mombas, 'J30;
Delagoa Bay, 1800; Bombay, 1,080; Arabia, 1,230;
Cape of Good Hope, 2,040. Had the settlement
which Captain W. F. W. Owen so wisely formed at
Mombas, on the E. coast of Africa, not have been
given up (the Americans are now establishing them-
selves on this coast), we should have had a perfect
chain of posts, if I may so term it, for the extension
and protection of our commerce.
Dieso Garcia is situate farther E. about 4". from
the Equator, and is one of those numerous coral
islands with which these seas abound. (The Coco
islands in lat. 12.00. S., long. 27.04. E., are a circular
chain of islands and keys lined by coral reef, with a
sounding from 12 to 20 fathoms, where a ship may
anchor ; there is an extensive harbour on the N. ex-
tremity with but one entrance, three miles wide :
straggling rocks and a reef project one mile and a
half from \V. side of entrance. The islands are now
settled on by Capt. Ross an American.) It contains
plenty of turtle, and has a few residents from the
Mauritius.
,1:.
:H :
ill
' I
I
'i I
520
CIIAITER III.-ST. HELENA.
Rkction I. — St. Helena (celebrated as the prison
and grave of Napoleon lUionapartu), is situate in the
Southern Atlantie in I').!"). S. lat,, and ^)A0.4!>. "W.
long , 1,200 miles from the coast of Africa, 2,000 do.
from that of America, and (iOO from the island of
Ascension. Its extreme length is lOA miles, hreadlh,
(iij, circumference, 28 miles, and area 30,.'i00 acres.
II. The island was discovered by Juan De Nova
Castella, a Portuguese navigator, on 21st May, l.'J02,
and named by him in honour of the day of its dis-
covery. Saint Helena,
When first visited, the island was uninhabited,
covered by one entire forest and its shores abounding
with turtles, seals, sea-lions, and various sorts of wild
fowl ; its settlement, and early improvement in 15i;{,
are attributed to the debarkation of a Portuguese
nobleman, who had been mutilated by Albuquerque
for crime committed in India, and sent home in dis-
grace. This gentleman, Fernandez Lopez by name,
prevailed on the captain to set him on shore, in pre-
ference to the life of ignominy he was destined to lead
in Portugal, and his wishes being complied with, and
abundant supplies forwarded to him by his commiser-
ating friends, he quickly brought some spots under
cultivation, and imported hogs, goats, domestic poul-
try, partridges, and wild fowl, besides various sorts of
fruits and vegetables, all of which increased and
throve exceedingly, such as figs, oranges, lemons,
peach trees, &c. Fernandez was removed from his
voluntary exile by orders of the Portuguese govern-
ment in about four years, and the next inhabitants
appear to have been four slaves of different sexes,
who escaped from a ship, and multiplied to the num-
ber of 20 ; these people subsisted on the live stock
and fruits which had increased prodigiously ; but the
Portuguese being jealous of their consuming what
was requ red for the refreshment of the shii)s, which
touched here on their passage from India, finally suc-
ceeded in hunting them out, and destroying them.
Tavernier informs us that a Franciscan friar had also
taken up his abode on the island and led an austere
life for 14 years, when he died ; though other accounts
say, he was removed in consequence of the great de-
struction he committed among the goats, for the sake
of trafficking in their skins.
The Portuguese mariners preserved the secret of
the existence of St. Helena from other nations until
1588, when it was discovered by Capt. Cavendish,
on his return from a circumnavigating voyage. He
gives the state of the island very circumstantially,
from which it appears, that the Portuguese had built
a town and a church : he found abundance of goats,
pigs, and poultry, with game, wild fowl, and various
kinds of fruits and vegetables. The settlement was
afterwards frequently visited by English, Dutch,
Spanish, and Portuguese ships : the salubrity of air,
and the abundance of fresh provisions invigorating
their exhausted crews.
It sometimes happened that ships of nations at
war with each other visited St. Helena at the .sauie
time — accordingly we have accounts of various siu
fights between the Dutch and Spaniards at the iiii-
chorage, who are, moreover, accused of wantonly
destroying the plantations, lest succeeding visitors
should profit by the supplies which had i)rovou so
beneficial to them.. From all these causes the island
was destroyed by the Portuguese, when they acquired
possession of settlements on the eastern shores of
Africa, and for some time continued desolate, owing
to the wanton excesses which had been committid:
however, about the year 1()4.3, two Portuguese ves-
sels being wrecked, their crews got safe to land, and
once more stocked the island with cattle, goats, hogs,
poultry, &c. In 1C4.') the Dutch took formal posses-
sion of St. Helena, and established a colony ; Init
they also abandoned it, when settling at the Cape ui
Good Hope in 1051.
The homeward bound English East India fleet
calling at the island at this period, took ])ossessinn of
St. Helena, and the East India Company obtained
a charter for its possession from Charles II. ten years
after. Under the superintendence in Ifi.'jS of Capt.
Dutton, the first English Governor, a fort was erected
and called Fort James, in compliment to the Duke of
York, the king's brother. Settlers were encouraged
to emigrate thither, and slaves were imported from
Madagascar to work in the plantations. It is re-
ported to have been captured by the Dutch in Klii.i,
but of this event the accounts are vague and doubt-
ful, and the writer of Rennefort's voyage, who visited
the island in 1666, makes no mention of such occur-
rence, but eulogizes Governor Stringer, and his faniilj-
for the attentions he received, and describes the set-
tlement as thriving, being then composed of about .iO
Englishmen, 20 women, and some negroes. Its popu-
lation was shortly after increased by many, wlio had
been reduced by the great fire of London, seeking re-
lief in the island.
In the latter part of 1672, the Dutch, through the
treachery of a planter, succeeded in landing in the
night 500 men from an expedition which h»d been
repulsed the same day ; the fort being thus attacked
in the rear, the Governor thought prudent to abandon
it, and retired, with his garrison and principal effects,
on board some ship in the roads, taking, however,
the precaution of placing a sloop to cruise to wind-
ward of St. Helena to warn British vessels of its cap-
ture, and a squadron arriving soon after (in May,
1673), under Captain Munden, he succeeded in re-
capturing the island, and, by keeping the Dutch flag
Hying after he got possession of the forts, decoyed six
Dutch East Indiamen, as well as a ship from Europe,
having a Governor and reinforcements for the garri-
son on board, into the roads where they were cap-
tured. Having formed a British garrison by detach-
ments from the ships, Capti.in Munden sailed for
England with his prizes, and was knighted.
St. Helena remained in the possession of the E. I.
Johiii
Poirii
Robe
Bnz(
Company unti
!<!:<, when til
liavirif; been n
a maritime sti
which they nr
tlioir commen
fur further par
Chronologic
—Sir Richard
Ciipf. {;. Fi.'lc
Ca|(t. J.
U|it. S.
(apt. J.
('apt. M
.lohnson, Es(j.,
Smith, I 723 ; (
I73S: D. Crisp
T. Lambert, 17;
Dunbar, I 743 ;
towe, Esq., 176.
Iirookr, 178? ;
I'attcn, 1 802 ;
(ienl. A. Beatsoi
Genl. Sir Hu(ls(
I'aetsJ ; 1821;
11. brooke. Esq.
C. Dallas, 1828;
HI. When firs
a|)pcarance of a s
lar on its northei
soutii. On ap|)r
broken, an:l the
on a near a|)proai
rugged and barre
nearly |)erpendici
precipices of basa
bases, exhibiting
most fantastic s
rounding Mundei
I'xists, James' Vn
ward side of the
_!))■ a view of tli
Town is situated i
mountains, and
appearance, from
—a sjiecies of the
fhe pee|)ul tree.
There is good
five fathoms ; the
•It times ; the surf
l)iit about Christi
lets by which the i
^'nlley, James' To\
west side, and S
""■■se, however, ai
ravines, where it n
iii-e also fortified.
Throughout th
are only two jilai
comprising i,.-,oo
■south-west. The
running nearly e
curved direction ti
from this chain inn
ST. HI':I.I:NA.— HISTORY AND ACQUISITION, GEOLOGY, CLIMATR.
2, -107 feet, whicli, from their extreme altitude
521
; tlic sainu
variDUs si;i
at till' an-
f wantonly
ing visitorj
1 proved so
s the ii'laml
ley acftvint'il
n shores of
jlatc, owing
committt'd:
tugucse VPS-
tu laiul, anil
goats, hogs,
rmal posses-
colony ; hnt
; the Cafe uf
: India fleet
[)ossessinn of
any ohtaincd
11. ten years
fJ.-iS of Capt.
rt was erected
) the Duke of
e encouraged
n ported from
IS. It is rc-
utch in llil'i',
e and doubt-
;, who visited
if such occur-
md his family
;ribes the set-
id of about .^0
:s. Its popii-
lany, who had
li, seeking re-
Company until the last renewal of their charter in
isiiii, when the island was given up to the Cirown, it
having been retained by the E. I. Company solely as
a maritime station for refitting their ships &c., and
wliich they no longer rerpiired, on the abolition of
their commercial privileges. (Sec Colunial f.il/ninj
for further particulars).
Chronological account of Governors of St. Helena :
—Sir Richard Munden and Capt. R. Kegwin, Hw.?;
Field, 1()74; Major J. Ulackmore.
Johnson, lOyO; Capt. 11. Keolinge,
Poirier, ir>i)7 ; Capt. T. Goodwin,
Roberts, 1708; Capt. 11. Boucher,
ll',78;
ir,!):5 ;
1707;
1711 ;
Capt. G
Capt. J.
Cnpt. S.
Capt. J.
Caiit. M. Baxett, (actg.) Capt. J. I'ykc, 1714
.Idhiison, Es(i., 1719; E. Byfield, (actg.); Cnpt. J.
Smith, 1723 ; Capt. J. Pykc, 17.31 ; J. Goodwin, Esq.
17.SM; D.Crisp, 17.3!); R. Jenkins, Es(|., 1740; iMaj.
T. Lambert, 1741 ; G. G. I'owol, Esq., 1742; Col. 1).
Dunbar, 1743; C. Hutchinson, Esq., 1747 ; J. Skot-
tuwe, Esq., 1704; I). Corneille, Esq., 17s2; Col. R.
lUooke, 17H7 ; Lieut. Col. F. Robson, 1801 ; Col. R.
I'atten, 1802; Lieut. Col. W. Lane, 1807; Major
(lonl. A. Beatson, 1808 ; Col. M. Wilks, 1813 ; Lieut.
Gonl. Sir Hudson Lowe, 18I(); T. H. Brooke, Esq.,
lactg.) ; 1B21; Brigadier (jcnl. A. Walker, 1823; T.
11. Brooke. l'^s(i., (2nd actg.) 1828; Brigadier Gcril.
C.Dallas, 1828; Major Cienl. Middlcton.
111. When first seen at sea, St. Helena presents tlie
appearance of a small barren rock, nearly i)erpendicu-
lar on its northern side, but gradually shelving to tlie
south. On approaching, its eminences api)ear more
broken, and the central ones covered with verdure ;
on a near approach this view is again shut out by the
rugged and barren appearance of the shore, which is
nearly perpendicular, forming a girdle of inaccessible
precipices of basaltic rocks, some of them rent to the
bases, exhibiting extensive chasms, and of all the
most fantastic shapes that can be imagined. On
rounding Mundcn's Point to the only anchorage that
exists, James' Valley Bay, on the north-west or lee-
ward side of the island, the eye is suddenly relieved
by a view of the town and fortifications. James'
Town is situated in a narrow valley between two lofty
mountains, and presents a Icasant and refreshing
appearance, from the trees being generally in full leaf
—a species of the banian of India, called in Bengal
the pee|)ul tree,
There is good anchorage in from eight to twenty-
five fathoms ; the tide rising to the height of five feet
at times ; the surf upon the shore is generally strong,
but about Christinas tremendous. The principal in-
k'ts by which the island can be approached are Lemon
Valley, James' Town, and Ru])ert's Bay on the north-
west side, and Sandy Bay on the south-east; all
these, however, are strongly fortified. Even the small
ravines, where it might be possible to ett'ect a landing,
are also fortified.
Throughout the whole length of the island there
arc only two idains, the largest that of Longwood,
comprising 1,.')00 acres of fertile land, sloi)ing to the
soiitb-west. The island is divided by a ridge of hills,
running nearly east and west, but bending in a
curved direction to the south, at each extremity, and
trom this chain innumerable valleys and ridges branch
off, generally at right angles. The highest point of
land m the island is Diana's Peak, which rises 2,700
feet above the level of the sea, and is situated towards
the eastern extremity. From the summit of this
piak the whole island lies under the view, no point
intercepting the horizon: on the same ridge are
tuckold's Point, 2,fi72 feet, and Halloy's Mount,
3 X
are
often enveloped in clouds. The other remarkable
eminences, the altitude of which have ,ieen ascer-
tained by Major Renncll, are Flag Stall", ,!,272, and
Barnsclill', 2,21.'), nearer the coast and ove hanging
the sea; Alarm House, 1,2()0, in the cent e of the
island; High Knoll, 1,003, to the southward of
Ladder Hill, and the ollicial country residence of
the Governor; Longwood House, l,7(i2; most of
the central eminences arc covered with timber and
shrubs, ct)nsisting of the cabbage tree, redwood,
striiigwood, dogwood, &c., and formerly the green-
wood was to be found in great abundance, but, at
present, few of these trees are to be seen, except
about 1 ,.'>00 acres of an irregular forest at Longwood,
preserved by order of the East India Company.
St. Helena is plentifully watered by clear and
wholesome springs, abundant in every direction :
those issuing from the sides of the hills frequently
form picturcstpie cascades. Roads have been formed
in a zig-zag direction, with incredible labour, which
now give easy access to the interior of the island.
[Sec " OiUmial l.ilmiri/."]
IV. St. Helena is probably of volcanic origin, per-
ha))s like the Mauritius, the result of a submarine
convulsion ; or it is the lofty peak of some vast range
of mountains, whose base is beneath the ocean.
Limestone is plentifiil in some situations, as well as
iron ore, but the scarcity of fuel prevents the latter
being made available. There have been appearances
of gold and co])per, but not to the extent to encou-
rage mining. There is a substance called terra piiz-
zolana, found in considerable (piantities, which, in
conjunction with lime, makes an excellent cement,
and is therefore used in forming aqueducts, as it seta
hard, and is retentive of water, though subject to
become speedily foul by vegetable substances adher-
ing to its surface.
V The climate of this island is not ill adapted to
the European constitution ; indeed it has been found
congenial to the crews of vessels that have been kept
for a long space of time on salt provisions, and with-
out vegetables. The thermometer seldom rises above
80. in James Town, and the heat is only excessive
when it is rctlectcd from the sides of the valley in
calm weather ; in the interior of the islatid the tem-
perature is more even, never so cold as in England,
and scarcely so hot. The average temperature
throughout the whole year has been found to be at
Longwood from ofi. to 08., at James 'J'own from 66.
to 78., and at Plantation House from 61. to 73.
Fahrenheit.
The healthy condition of the inhabitants was visi-
ble to me in their cheerful manners, and active rural
industry, the cultivation of the soil being their prin-
cipal occupation.
It will be seen by the ta'de in the next page, that
in 1833, out of a population of ,'i,000 or 6,0(10 inha-
bitants, there were but 80 deaths, and of these nine
were above 70 years of age. The proportion of 'nap--
tisms to burials (see next page] is also very remark-
able ; in some years the proportion of the former is
to the latter as 3 to I. For the whole period it is
more than 2 to 1 — thus demonstrating that a high
degree of temperature merely is not unfavourable to
human life.
ST. IlELKNA.— CLIMATE, POPULATION, EDUCATION.
State of tl)P Thormomctcr fFalirciilirit) nt Dcailwood, St.
Hrleiin, t;ii<(r' liy Dr. Slinrt, pliysician to the lorccw, from
iBt Septumher, r82i), to 31»t August, IHW.
Months.
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
Auif'ist
Septnnhcr ....
October
November ....
Dccembci
Yearly average
Range,
"o'tiR
rnfi;
; 1 fir
Td (it)
()H (il
ti:. ,-.;
(i(i .5;
fi 1 (i-.'I
(11 fii'
(iri'frj
(it) lil
(i()i()l
§2B£
-1 l-;i:(l.
n
n 1.3rd.
;o
(18
(i4
(i4 2:ir(l.
()4 2-3r(l.
()4
()5
(ifi 1.3rd.
601 -3rd.
State of the Wind.
Smith-cast.
ItittQ.
Ditto.
Ditto,
i Ditto.
! Ditto i
■Ditto
Ditto.
! Ditto.
Ditto.
I Ditto;
.Ditto.
1 day west,
ditto
(i days west.
7l'fi7|62
Thunder and lightning are rare, and the rains,
which fall inost ahundantly in February, are for the
other months more regular than in other tropical
situations. The higher peaks and their vicinity from
their approximation to the clouds, are generally visited
with a shower daily, and cloudy days are more fre-
quent than scorching sunny ones. The atmosphere
is, however, generally so clear tliat a vessel may be
descried at a distance of sixty miles.
VI. The population is estimated at 5,0(i0 (4,977
in H. B. for ImSII), of whom about 2,200 are whites,
and the remainder either people of colour, Chinese,
or Africans, whom the East India Company's govern-
ment have for several years liberally and generously
aided to purchase their freedom. The total number
of piuipers in the island is 28, princi|)ally old ami
blind people. Those who are born m the island
evince considerable quickness and talent. The bap-
tisms and burials' at St. Helena, from the liOtli Sep-
tember, 1S20, to the 30th .September, 1833, were as
follows : —
Ups.
Brs.
nps.
Brs,
Bps.
His.
1H21
140
90
1827
180i 99
1 832
229
89
1822
113
70
1828
lf)9, 96
1833
201
70
1823
118
.'57
1829
l.-^fil fi.')
1834
1824
101
90
1H30
204 1 09
183.')
182-)
l.'i4
12.')
1831
239 73
183(; IT) 2
99
1820
129
83
Total baptisms, from 1821 to 1833, 2,123; burials,
1,07G.
The hill of mortality, ending December, 1833, was
80 ; of whom 16 died under 1 year; .'> under 5 years;
5 under 10 years ; 4 from 10 to 20 ; 23 from 20 to
40 ; 18 from 40 to 70 ; and 9 above 70 years of age.
VII. Schools, &c., of St. Helena. [B. B. 1836.]
If supported by
JZ
u
d
s of the
md in w
tyordist
Public or Free
School, and where
situated.
Salary of
Schoolmaster
or
Schoolmistress.
Number
of Scholars.
Mode of
Instruction.
Gov. or voliuitary
contributions, and
amount of each.
-
X
£r ^
O
^•c8
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Govmt.
Vol. Con.
^
■
Colonial grammar school
in James Town.
Head-M. 100/.
Assistant, IHOI,
24
4
28
English Classics
and mathematics
260/.
••
250
Lower school in James
Head-M. 18.5/.
79
, ,
79
Madras system.
185/.
75/.
260
Town.
Assistant, 70/.
County day school near
Head-M. 55/.
44
16
60
ditto.
60/.
40
100
Plantation House.
Assistant, 45/.
Sunday school near
12/.
11
2
13
ditto.
12
12
01
■Plantation House.
^ ■
Sunday sch. Sandy Bay.
12/.
8
13
21
, ,
, ,
12
12
>-l
Girl's school Plantation
20/.
• •
50
50
..
, ,
20
20
4^
en
House.
Infant school James
25/.
43
38
81
5/.
20
25
Town.
Second Infant School
16/.
15
39
54
..
..
16
16
James Town.
School of Industry
30/.
, ,
15
15
• •
, ,
30
30
James Town.
224
177
401
508
225
725
The head and lower schools are consolidattJ ''.nder
the superintendance of the head master. The sums
under the head of voluntary contributions are de-
frayed by the St. Helena Benevolent Society, the
funds of which are raised by voluntary subscriptions.
VIII. During the East India Company's sway, the
chief authority was vested in a governor, aided by a
council, composed of the principa! and senior civic
servants. It is now governed as a crown colony.
The military has hitherto been composed of one
regiment of European troops, and a strong artillery,
in the service of the East India Company. The head
quarters of the 2nd battalion 60th rifles, form the
new garrison, with a detachment of the Royal .Ar-
tillery. The island is so well fortified that properly
defended it may be considered impregnable It has
forty-three stations, i)rotected by mounted ordnance.
The guns mounted and ready for action are,—
brass mortars, howitzers, and guns, 9 three-tenths
inch mortar, 1 ; 8 inch howitzers, 2 ; 5i ditto ditto,
8 ; 6 ponndnrs,
tars 8; H inch
16; 18 ditto, 3
17; 4 ditto, 2
68 pounders, '
ditto, 1.
IX. Hitherto
large, unless it
of an invalual)h
from a few licei
in amount. Th
venue and Char
Years.
1S09-10
IHIO-U
lslI-12
1S12-I3
I8i:i-14
1SI4-1.5
1S15-16
181t)-17
1817-18
1818-19
WIJ-20
1820-21
1821-22
1822-23
1823-24
1821-25
1825-26
182(i-27
1827-28
1828-2!)
1829-:IOt
1830-31
18.11-32
1832-33
183,1-34
1831-35
1835-36
12503
146261
17452
17272
2U20y
2627H
23623
49075
49634
61411
33019
54641
47314
29475
35122
28432
28319
27172
468O8
44507
33288
28378
28285
28581 !
26398'
272881
26259!
In the [B. B.]
* The Company I
(iovcrnmcnt a part
laving been allowe
meiit, settled by th'
T Add to this sur
the Cape of {{ood Ij
1831-32, 10,929/. : li
33, 11,2I9^; 1835-3(
Commhsiinnt-
March, 1837; su]
forage, 7,784/. ; fi
purchases, 39/,
1,5.54/.; military
2,287/; continge
4,682/. ; ordinarie
ficers, 570/. ; advi
government, 26,7
Ordnance. — Eiij
keeper expenditur
89/. ; new works,
barrack master's
and barracks, 2,;
subsistence, 1,38'
2,306/. ; grand to
Estimate of tin
year ending 31 St .
the civil establishi
and allowances to
ST. HILLKXA.— FINANCES, COMMlitlCI'.
,0(10 (4, '.(77
are whites,
nr, Chinuji.',
ly's giivern-
I gent'ioiisly
utal number
illy old Riiil
I the islanil
. The bap-
le 30th Sep-
i'ii, were as
Bps.
Hrs.
22:)
89
201
70
152
99
23 ; burials,
er, 1833, was
nder ;> years;
5 from 20 to
years of age.
c
ed by
untarv
IS, and
-
,n
each .
[)!. Con.
y
..
250
75/.
2C0
40
100
12
12
12
12
20
20
20
25
If.
IC
30
30
225
725
trong artillery,
ny. Tlieliead
irtes, form the
he Royal Ar-
tliat properly
•nable, U has
;ited ordnance.
action are,—
three-tenths
,^ ditto ditto,
9
8; fi potindnr.s, 14; 3 ditto, 10. — linn, 13 inch mor-
tars H; M inch ditto, 2 ; 32 pounders, 19; 24 ditto,
ir, ; 18 ilitto, 3r. ; 12 ditto, 35 ; 9 ditto, 11; C, ditto,
17; 4 ditto, 2 ; 3 ditto, 4; swivel.s, 3 ; CurrniKidi'n,
(■,8 pounders, 4; 24 ditto, 22; 18 ditto, 24; 12
ditto, 1.
IX. Hitherto the charge for St. Helena has been
large, unless it i)e considered in the important view
of an invaluable naval station. The revenue derived
from a few licenses and fines is small, but increasing
in amount. The following is a statement of the Re-
venue and Charges of St. Helena : —
CHARGES.
■^
V
uii .
Q a . . •
Si
Years.
>
i
Building
and Forti
cations.
en
ll
Kevenu
viz. Re
Licenses
Fines
1
£
it
.*■
.■e
M
.*■
IS09-10
12.')03
69926
2824
85253
1432
83821
inni-ii
I462B
64783
3240
82649
1429
81220
ibii-12
17452
61845
3989
83286
1432
81854
1S12-I3
17272
62880
4536
84688
11.96
82992
!8U)-H
2020!)
70-01
6029
96939
1685
95254
1S14-1.5
2627H
66015
1666
93959
1872
!)2087
1SI5-16
23823
178289
2207
204119*
2371
201748
1816-17
4907s
222225
11482
282782*
3038
279714
1S1--18
49634
192498
14875
257007*
1438
255569
lSlti-19
61411
215870
19504
2IJ6785*
2893
294092
ISID-M
33019
128562
7872
1 69453*
17s
16927 s
1820-21
,'i4641
218774
2139
27,>.'i54«
989
274565
1821-22
47314
157527
5242
210083*
2015
2IH038
1822-23
2!)4-.'J
8/083
5395
121953
I860
120093
1823-24
35122
77581
3494
II6I97
3929
112268
1821-2.'.
28432
77538
5295
111265
I8I6
109449
I825-2fl
28319
8O6I6
4493
113428
3015
110413
182fi-27
27172
87297
3974
118443
3943
114500
1827-28
468O8
75172
1989
123969
3398
120571
1828-2!)
44507
69072
2058
115637
2583
113654
1 829-3(1 1
33288
60359
957
916O8
1600
93001
1830-31
28378
56324
1721
86423
37!)
8604 1
18,11-32
28285
56356
1842
86483
3260
83223
18:12-33
28581
58020
1734
88335
3050
85285
1833-34
263!)8
56287
1721
84406
2i)31
8I475
1834-3.'.
27288
55107
1501
83896
3558
80338
1835-36
21)259
50367
1280
77906
4881
73025
In the [B. B.] for 1836, the cost is stated at 42,104/.
» The Company have since been repaid by Her Majesty'.s
(iovernment a part of these chartres, credit for tiie ainount
liavniff I.ecn allowed 10 tbem ui their account with Gi.vtrn.
meiit, settled by the Act 3rd (ico. IV. c. 93.
t Add t(. this sundry expenses paid in Eiigrland, and at
the Cape of (iood Hope— 1829-30, 11,389/.; In3l)-31, 14,213/.;
1831-32, 10,929/.: 1832-33, 10,268/.; 18:13-34, 10,186/.; Ib31-
35, 11,219/.; 1835-36, 13,304/.
Coimnissiiriat. — Fiom the 1st April 1830, to 31st
March, 1837; supplies for rations of provisions and
forage, 7,784/. ; fuel and light, 1,000/. ; miscellaneous
purchases, 39/. ; Transport, 193/.; pay of extra stall',
1,554/.; military allowance, 100/.; special service
2,287/; contingencies, CIA; ordnance department,
4,('i82/. ; ordinaries, 6,897/.; pay of commissariat of-
ficers, 570/. ; advances to departments, 20/. ; colonial
government, 2f.,752/. ; total, 52,003/.
Onlnatice. — Engineer expenditure, 4(55/. ; store-
keeper expenditure, 351/. ; pay of barrack sergeants,
89/.; new works, 21. ; buildings and repairs, 1,183/. ;
barrack master's expenditure, 459/. ; total ordnance
anil barracks, 2,550/. Artillery department, r.9/. ;
subsistence, 1,387/.; rations, 850/.; total artillerv,
2,306/. ; grand total, 4,85n/.
Estimate of the sum that will be required in the
year ending 31st March 1839, to defray the charge of
the civil establishment at St. Helena, and of pensions
and allowances to the civil and military officers and
soldiers of the Enst India (.'ompany's late establish-
ments In that island.
Srilnni'.i of Civil KatnliUshmi'nt. — Governor 2,000/. ;
colonial seen tary, 700/. ; chief and treasury clerk,
400/.; assistiiiit clirk, 200/.; surveyor of rents and
lands, 300/. ; ollice-kecper, secretary's office, 50/. ;
auditor of accounts, 3i'.5/. ; harbour master, 200/.;
collector of customs, 400/. ; clerk and wnrehouse-
kee|)er, 100/.; searcher, 120/.; chief justice, 700/. ;
queen's advocate, 200/. ; clerk of the peace, 200/. ;
provost marshal, 100/. ; gaoler, 35/. ; judge of sum-
mary court, 2 lO/. ; police magistrate, town, 100/.;
ditto, country, 100/.; reporter of slave emancipation,
50/. ; civil chaplain, 500/. ; total 7,020/.
Misrclliinciius diid Incidental. — Governor for mes-
senger and repairs of residences, 227/.; harbourmaster
and customs departments, for boats ami boats' crews,
400/. ; judicial department, for constables and inci-
dents, 400/.; ecclesiastical deiiartment, 75/. ; scliools,
500/. ; incidental expenses of civil offices, 700/. ;
repairs of public buildings and property, 500/. ; re-
repairs of roads, 300/. ; hospitals and medical depart-
ment, 450/. ; total, 3,552/. ; pay of the staff and other
expenses for training the militia, 300/.
Retired alloicances to Officers of Hunt India Com-
pany'.i late extahlishments. — Civil 6,370/. ; military,
7,027/.; total, 13,403/.; less, deductions from pen--
sions of officers re-employed on the jiresent establish-
ment of the island, 945/. ; total, 12,458/ ; Non-com-
missioned OlJicers and soldiers, 1,555/. ; total,
14,013/,; total estimated expenditure, 24,885/.;
deduct estimated amount of local revenue collections,
8,885/.; leaving, 115,000/.
X. Imports of the island of St. Helena, [B.B. 1836.]
There is no export return. From Great Britain, 350
ships, 137,400 tons, value 12,470/. From I'luted
States, 121 ships, 30,531 tons, value 2,783/. From
foreign states, 172 ships, 81,054 tons, value 5,i<01/.
From elsewhere, 3 ships, 499 tons, 19.295/. Total,
646 ships, 250,08 4 tons, value 40,352/., men, 16,410.
Number of vessels that received supplies at the
island in 1833; British, 150 ships, 58 barques, 79
brigs, and 7 schooners, total 300, tonnage, 131,974,
guns 1,066, men 11,459; American vessels 93, ton-
nage 20,275, guns 158, men 1801; French 51, ton-
nage 17,478, guns 139, men 1,191 ; Dutch 23, tonnage
9,995, guns 142, men 589 ; Portuguese 3, toiiiiago
883, guns 14, men 71 ; Swedish 2, tonnage 60s, guns
10, men 40 ; German 2, tonnage 541, guns 8, men
31; Danish 1, tonnage 145, men 14. Total, vessels
475, tonnage 1m7,899, guns 2,134, men 15,196; and
102 vessels sighted the island. Of I5ritish vessels
toucliing at St. Helena 7 were from Algoa Bay, 9
Batavia, 42 Bombay, 69 Calcutta, 30 Cajie (.f Good
Hope, 7 Ceylon, 23 China, 5 Loudon, 17 Madras, 9
Manilla, 51 Mauritius, 2 New South Wales, 1 Rio
.laneiro, 14 Singapore, 2 Van Diemen's Land, and 12
from whaling voyages; of the aboVv,' 300 vessels, 189
were bound to London, and 51 to Liverpool, the re-
uiainder to different ports in the United Kingdom.
If we value the property vested and embarked in
131,974 tons of British shipping at 30/. per ton, we
shall have nearly four millions annually (3,959,220/.)
indebted for its better security to our possession of
St. Helena.
Vessels calling at St. Helena during 1837, 685,
aggregating 269,591 tons, from Calcutta 134, Bombay
49, Madras 21, Ceylon 25, China 65, Manilla 23,
Singapore 15, Java 110, Sumatra 12, Mauritius 53,
Bourbon 36, Cape of Good Hope 27, Whalers 89,
London 7, the remainder from New South Wales,
I
. \
^24
Siam, kc \'.i.
ASCKNSION.
I
The vrIuc of the oil in the wliale sliipti
nrnrly 1,(UI(),()0()/. sti'iling.
Most kitiils of tropical or Etiropcnn fruits ripen,
more particularly in the sheltercil valleys. Vines,
oranges, citrons, lemons, figs, pomegranates, mulber-
ries, tamarinds, mangoes, cocoa-nuts, sugar cane, pine
apples, &c. thrive well : apples have succeeded tole-
rahly, but the climate is not congenial to cherries,
currants, or goosoljirries. The common hlackherry
increased to such an extent alter its introduction in
il>*0, as to cause an order for its extirpation. Three
successive crops of potatoes are often i)ro(luced in the
year, and garden vegetables, such as cabbages, beans,
jjcas, &c. are raised on every farm in great abundance.
As the principal object of the settlement is to provide
fresh meat and vegetables for the refreshment of the
homeward bound ships, the cultivation of corn and
pulse has not beer encouraged, neither is the climate
congenial to their production on account of droughts.
The provisions exported and brought to market in
James Town, and solely grown on the islan during
the five years ending in 1833, were —
Potatoes, bags, ej-paited l,f>'iO, ronsiimed 1,900;
cabbages, cj^. 7,470, r. 10,250; vegetables, bunches,
ex. 33,800, c. 42,030 ; pumpkins, ex. 3,800, c .''wO ;
hay, cwts. ex. 380, c. 2,880; fowls, ex. 27,700, c.
20,240; ducks, ex. 4,100, f. 4,000; bullocks, ex.
200, r. .500 ; calves, ex. 30, r. 400 ; sheep, ex. 220,
c. 1,230 ; pigs, ex. 870, c. 390 ; the total value of the
exports of the above was 20,400/, of the consump-
tion, 24,500/.
Cattle produced from English stock are not nu-
merous, owing to the great demand of jiassing shi|)s;
l)oultry is pUiitlful and well tasted ; and in some
parts of the island rabbits abound. The stock in the
island consists of horses 300, horned cattle \,M\0,
sheep and goafs 3,000.
Eisli are numerous, and more than seventy (lifTereiit
kinds have been caught on the coast. Amongst the
most |)rized are the coal fish, which is very (Ulicntc
but scarce : those commonly taken are jacks, congers,
soldiers, mackarel, albicore, bulls' eyes, Jtc.
The number of tisb caught near the island during
the live years ending in 1833 were as follow:—
mackarel, 1 1.5,300 ;' bulls' eyes, 2, .500 ; jacks, 3.'i,9()0;
congers, 24,000 ; old wives, 72,000; soldiers, h,. loo ;
sandspeer, 0,000 ; cavalliers, 0,000 ; deep-water bulls'
eyes, 3,520; yellow-tail, .■f50 ; coal fish, 30; cod-fish,
40 ; silver fish, 7,050 ; stumps, 4,000 ; long-legs,
35 ; bear fish, 35 ; turtle, 40 ; five fingers, 490 ;
sword fish, 80 (weighing 10 to 80 lbs. each) ; barra-
cootta, 50; albicore, 8,300 (10 to 80 lbs.).
Prices of stock and provisions at St. Ilclenii, in
1834; — hortied cattle, from England, 15/. to Jii/. ;
from the Cape of (iood Hope, 11. 10,v. to 10/. ; sheep,
Cape, lA ; goats, ditto lO.v. ; i)igs, weighing lOOlhs.
1/. lO.v. ; turkeys lO.v. ; geese, 7.v. ; fowls, 2.'(. ; horses,
20/.; Hour \Kr lb. 2.1-/.; biscuits, 112ll)s. 1/. English;
lO.v. Cape; oats, per muid, Cape, I2.v. Oi/. ; harlev,
ditto, ll.v. 0(/. ; hops, pocket, SO.f. ; malt, per hogs-
head, 4/. 10*. ; rice, hag of I051l)s. 12.«. ; Englisi: suit,
l)er lb. 1(/. ; salt fish, per cwt. 1/. ; fresh beil, nuittoii,
t^c. 0(/. to 4(/. i)er lb.; ditto, salt ditto, 3i/. to hi. ;
sugar, 2'/. to 3i/. jier lb. ; coll'ee, 5</. to 8(/. ; tea, l.v.
3'/. to 2.S'. 0(/. per lb. ; wine. Cape, !.«. Oi/. to 2,«. per
gallon; foreign wine, 12,v. to 1/. jier dozen; brandy
■.uid gill, 1/. per gallou ; English beer, <.is. per dozen ;
Island ditto, 2,v. per gallon; servants' wages, IO,v.
to 15,v. ])er month with board, or l.v. Oi/. per day with-
out board; women, lO.v. to 204-. per month, witli loud.
ASCENSION.
Ascension is contiguous to St. Helena, in lat. 7.57.
S., long. 14.28. W. It is a small island of volcanic
production, the surface consisting of barren rocks re-
lieved, however, in some places by the verdure on the
declivity of the Green Mountain. The island has been
of late years well fortified fit every accessible part (the
sea breaks on the island with tremendous violence)
and garrisoned by a detachment of marines and marine
artillery, who, aided by artificers, have erected a neat
estanlishment for their location. A shaft has been
sunk in one of the mountains, abundance of excellent
■water conveyed to the anchorage by iron pipes and
hoses, and good soil was found two feet under the
lava on which an abundance of esculent vegetables
may be reared. The beach, at first thought to be
composed of sand, was found to consist of very small
fragments of shells ; in some places firmly compacted
together. These slabs were formed of several layers,
of which the size of the fragment differs in each
layer ; they are used for tombstones, steps of doors,
and are broken and burned for lime; red volcanic
ashes prevail, several hills entirely exhibiting that
appearance. Of the vegetable kingdom, the euphor-
bia only is found growing in small tufts, riistributfd
not very abundantly about the rugged lava, — a beau-
tiful object among such barren scenes. Sea fowl are
very numerous, and there are three species of buttur-
fiies on the island, of handsome colours.
Ponds are kept stocked with turtle, weighing from
200 to 800 lbs each, which may he bought for 5(1?.
Abundance of fish and marine birds arc ohtniiialilc.
At a place called 'The Fair,' the birds named s«i-
swallows, as well as numerous other aequatic binls,
congregate ; the eggs of the sea-swallows, wiiich are
of a dirty white with dark red spots, and about the
size of a crow's egg, are collected at certain seasons
of the year in thousands, and considered delicate and
excellent eating.
Moorings are laid down in the roads, and ves?cls in
want of water and vegetables can be supplied at a
moderate price.
During war, these islands in the possession of an
enemy, would, as outlying picquets, be a means of
serious injury to our commerce; during peace they
are refreshing stations, enabling our seamen to have
at all times a friendly haven under their lee.
I,. '■.no,
' (lifTeriiil
imsst tliL-
y ili'licnti;
.congers,
id (luring
follow : —
8, :j.".,;hii);
rs, H,.l()0;
[iter bulls'
; cod-tisli,
long-k';^s,
crs, \W) ;
-[) ; barra-
Hck'nii, ill
. to 21)/.;
)/. ; slu'i'p,
ng IdOlbs.
I.v. ; hnrsc's,
/. Enp;lisli;
d. ; barley,
, per lio!:s.
nglisl; suit,
el, iruitton,
;}(/. to -hi. ;
d. ; tea, l.v.
. to 2.'.'. i)er
en ; braiuly
jicr dozen ;
wages, l().«,
er day with-
\\, with foud.
listributfd
— a bcaii-
Sea fowl are
of butter-
igliins; from
^'ht for .'lOs.
obtainable,
named seii-
latic birds,
wbicb arc
about the
tain seasdiis
delicate and
nd vcsfcls in
upplied at a
lession of an
a means of
peace tiicy
(icn to have
lee.
C II A PT K 11 IV.
WESTERN AFRICA.— SIERRA LEONE.
SEf'TioN I. — None of the ccdonios of England have
been misrepresented more than those situate on the
western coast of Africa; few suri)ass them in moral,
coiiuncrcial, and political interest. They are nn ini-
jinrtaiit and essential link in the maritime empire of
Britain.
The trade between Western Africa and Europe
conmienced about the middle of the fifteenth century,
for we learn that in 14.''i,'), I'rince Henry of Portugal
hnilt a fort on the island of Arguin. At the begin-
ning of the sixteenth century, the English, Spaniards,
French, Danes, and Dutch had begun to send private
ships to trade on this coast; but during the middle
of this century the couiiuerce of each nation was orga-
nized under the management of chartered companies,
who formed establishments on dill'ercnt parts of the
coast, built forts at the mouths of several rivers, and
prosecuted an active trade, the greater jiart of which
was for slaves. 'I'he English settled chiefly at Cape
Coast Castle ; the French at tlie mouth of the Seiie-
m1 and at Gorec Island ; the Dutch on the Gambi". :
the Portuguese at St. George del Mina ; the Danes at
Cliristianhorg, &c. Each of these strong fortresses,
mounting from ."JO to liO pieces of cannon, had subor-
dinate posts and stations, several of which continue
to this day. At the jiresent moment our settlements
are situate at Bnthurst, on the Gambia, at Sierra Le-
one, Cape Coast Castle, and Accra, and a brief de-
scription of the sea coast, followed by a succinct
account of each settlement, will be therefore neces-
sary.
II. In general the coast of Western Africa, extend-
ing for 1,000 miles along the Atlantic, with an average
breadth of .300 miles, is along the ocean boundary a
tlat country, backed by ranges of lofty mountains,
which in some ])laccs approach the sea, and as at
Cape Verd, project in bold headlands. The great
coast chain runs parallel to the coast from west to
cast, where, affording a passage for the disemboguing
waters of the Nun, one of the mouths of the Niger,
tends towards the north-east to join or form the
Gebel el Kumri, or Mountains of the Moon ; some of
thj peaks of this range (those of Canieranca, near
Benin) arc said to be 13,000 feet in elevation. It is
only, however, about the estuaries of the great rivers
and along their banks that the country can be said to
be Hat, in other places it consists of gentle undulations
and rising eminences, giving c msidcrable beauty to
the landscape, the most conspicuous feature of which
are the numerous rivers that disembogue into the
ocean, most of them arising in the chain of moun-
tains above described, and running a tortuous course
to the coast.
Among the principal rivers are the Senegal, Gam-
I'ia, Rio Grande, Rio Nunez, Kokelle, Canieranca,
Mesurado, Nun or Niger, Congo and Coauzo Be-
ginning with the most northerly, the Senegal appears
to rise in the Kong range of mountains (heights of
Eootn Jalloo), in nearly 10" north latitude, and 10"
west longitude, where the Niger was thought to rise;
the Senegal, about l.V north latitude, is joined by
several tributary streams, viz. the Woolery, Faleme,
Neriko, iScc, and after passing Galaui and the falls of
l'\du, makes a circuitous bend to the north-west along
the borders of the desert, and falls into the Atlantic
at Fort Louis, its course being <),"iO miles.
The Gambia has its source in the same mountain
range as the Senegal, near the Faleme, one of the
tributaries of the l.itter named river, and rolls a power-
ful and rapid stream, at first to the north-west and
then westerly, falling into the Atlantic, after a course
of 700 miles, about KL13. N. Lat. The country be-
tween the rivers Senegal and Gambia, is called by the
French the Scne Ciambia. The Rio Grande is, as far
as we know, a large stream, nor is any river ecjual to
the Gambia rnet with until we arrive at the Uight or
Gulf of Benin, where, for the space of above 200
iTiilcs, there is a succession of large estuaries, now
ascertained (through the persevering enterprize of the
Landers) to be the mouths of the long-sought Niger,
whose origin we are still ignorant of, and whose
cours"! and embouchures are still to a great extent un-
explored ; the delta of this mighty stream stretching
into the interior of Western Africa for more than 170
miles, occupies, it is sujiposcd, a space of more than
300 miles along the coast, thus forming a surface of
more than 2,'), 000 square miles, being a considerably
larger area than is embraced in all Ireland. Captain
Belcher, who surveyed the coast line here in ls3n-32,
in the Etna and Raver says that he thinks the whole
of the space betwe< i! the Nunez and llio Cirande is
one great archipcla^ , ' 'id navigable, at high water,
for vessels of four or ti feet draught, and it is gene-
rally believed that canoes can navigate from Isles de
Los to the Gambia, within the islands of this (sup-
jiosed) huge archipelago. It is probable that a large
river will yet be found here. The Comiionic, as far
as explored, is a very extensive stream. Further S.
the Congo or Zaire (lours its ample volume of waters
into the broad Atlantic, 400 miles having been navi-
gated during Captain Tuckey's unfortunate expedi-
tion, leaving its further course and source still in-
volved in mystery. Of the Coauzo, though a large
river, we are not yet in possession of sufficient infor-
mation to speak positively. With a knowledge of
the foregoing leading physical features, we proceed
to examine the coast more in detail as regards its so-
cial as well as geograiihical divisions, beginning on
the north with the river Senegal, where the French
established themselves upwards of a century since.
Fort St. Louis, the capital, is situated on an island
in the river, a mere sandbank, without any water
i ii I
^1 *
52r,
SIERR \ l.r.ONK.— 01':0(;il \l'HY.
which I'ftii he drank wifhtnit hi'ing fllti-icd, nntl dc-
|HMiilc'tit c'ntiri'ly lor [irdvUiniis on tiii' southern const,
whidi, however, yields them in nbiinduiice. St.
l.oiiis never Ix'Ciime n lar;,'e settlement ; (iolherry, in
l/Hd, reckons not iihov (iO lMir(>|)eiins settled there
for the purposes of trade. The niilitiny luid civil
servants of (idveniinent umounted to fiOO, the niitives
to J.lDi). The French lost St. I.ouis durinp; the
revolutionary war, hut we restored it to them on the
iViendly peace wliicli succeeded in IKII, under a
treaty that I'ortendick vvns always to he open to us
for the triido in t;utn ; hut which treaty the I'rencli
violated. 'I'iie disastrous fate, howtVLr, (d' the expe-
dition sent out in the Medusa frigate has heen un-
favonrahle to any ntteiupt to restore and extend the
prosperity of the colony. It is said, however, to have
experienced an increase within the last lew years,
and to contain now about (iOO ifdiahitants. The
original hopes of its greatness were fo\inded on the
supposed identity of the Senegal with the Niger, and
on the prospect of a communication hy it with the
inmost regions of Africa. All the etl'orts founded
upon this erroneous theory proved of course abortive,
and the commercial advantages of the colony (the
procuring of slaves not included) have been confined
to the gum trade and the gold trade of Hamhouk.
The kingdom of I5nnibouk, situate near the head of
the river, and so enclosed between its main stieam
and the great branches of the Kokoraand the Faleme,
as to form almost a complete island, is tiie next ob-
ject of commercial importance to the French on the
Senegal. It is almost entirely a country of moun-
tains, whence How numerous streams, almost all of
•which roll over golden sands ; but the main deposita-
ries, where the metal is traced as it were to its source,
arc two niotnitains, Natakon and Scmayla. The
former composes almost an entire mass of gold, united
with earth, iron, or emery. The first four feet of
depth consists of fat earth, from which the grains of
gold are extracted by agitation with water in a cala-
bash ; afterwards the precious metal begins to appear
in small grains or spangles, and at 20 feet in small
lumps of from two to ten grains. The pieces become
always larger as the work descends ; but as the na-
tives have no means of propping up the sides, they
often fall in and bury the workmen. Semayla, a
mountain 200 feet high, presents a dilt'erent structure.
The gold is here embedded in hard sandstone, which
must be reduced to powder before the extrication can
be effected. I'art of it also is found in red marble, a
substance which to the native- is perfectly unmanage-
able. Bambouk is said to have been early conquered
by a Mahometan force, and afterwards by the Portu-
guese. lk)th have been driven out, and the French
never made any serious attempt to establish them-
selves in it.
The point at which the I'rench attempted to carry
on the commerce of the Upper Senegal is at Fort St.
Joseph, in the kingdom of Galam or Kajaaga. A
voyage thither was reckoned to produce cent, per
cent. ; but the unhealthincss of the climate, the dilii-
cultics of the navigation, and the constant hazard of
being plundered by a succession of barbarous chiefs,
who occupy the banks, rendered it a very precarious
speculation. At present the fort is abandoned and in
ruins ; but the Serawoolies, who inhabit this fine
country, are among the most industrious of the Afri-
can tribes, and have engrossed the trade of Bambouk,
Manding, arnl most of the upper countries on the
Senegal and Niger.
In descending the Senegal, there are several popu-
lous and powerful titates, ainon;; which is that uf
FootaTorrn, extending coiiHldrralily both to the soiitli
and north <>f the rivir, but of which the interior Ims
not heen explored by Kuropeans. The king is u
zealdusi Malioinctan, and, under pretext of making
(onverts, has endiavoured to subdue the almost |)Hi;nii
I'aMU'l or Murb of the Julofs. The latter, however,
by the strength of his country and a prudent systnn
of warl'ari', has heen al)le V> balUe his attempt. On
the middii; Senegal, the most im|)ortaiit pers!)na;.;e is
the Siratic, who holds his court at Ghiorel, considi |.
ably to the north of the river. Nearer the sea is tlie
kingdom of lloval, go' ^rned by a petty jjrince called
the (ireat llrak, which, in the language of tlie coiui-
try, signified king of kings. [I give tliese and seven!
other details on the authority of Murray's iMieyj i|i,i.
(lia of (ieography, who, however, does not state Ins
authority; it appears to be derived from tiolbiiiy.
My object is to stimulate to further investigation.]
The coast between the Gambia and Senegal is
ehictly occupied hy the kingdom of Kayor. It is
stated, by Golberry, to extend 7.'iO nnles in lenu'tli.
and to contan IH0,000 inhabitants, who are Jujnif,,
At the little island of Goree, on this coast, the Freiiuli
have established the capital of all their African settlo-
ments. Its advantages consist solely in its almost
inaccessible situation on a rock, three sides of wliicli
are perpendicular, and the fourth very steep. The
rock is fortified, but not, it is said, in the most skil.
ful manner. The town contains 7,000 inhabitants,
and presents a very bustling scene, being the entrepot
of all the trade with the oppo.site coast, and also a
place of refreshment for French ships on their way to
India. It lies on the southern side of the peninsuln,
which terminates in Cape Verde, the most westerly
point of the African continent. Though the soil bf
sandy, it bears a number of those immense trees
called Baobab, which give to the cape that verdant
aspect whence it derives its name. On the northern
side, two hills, (iOO feet high, mark this striking !,'eo-
graphical (losition, and serve as a guide to mariners.
The Gambia is almost entirely an I'^nglish river, the
attempts to form settlements upon it having, tur
nearly two centuries, been confined to our own na-
tion. Our settlements on the Gambia will be found
subsequently detailed.
The Gambia is bordered on its north bank by seve-
ral fiourishing little kingdoms. That immediately on
the sea is Barra, said to contain 200,000 inhnbitiints.
The capital is Barra Inding; but the chiet plure of
trade is Jillifrey. In the kingdom of Barra there are
seven principal towns, with a family entitled to the
crown in each, who succeed to the cap or throne
alternately. Boor Salum is a still more extensive
kingdom, situated on a small river that falls into the
Gambia, and containing, it is said, 300,0(10 inhabi-
tants. Above it occur successively the two smiillir
kingdoms of Yani and Wooli. The territory ol nli
these states is fiat and fertile, aboundmg in rice,
grain, and other provisions. The inhabitants are
chielly of the Mandingo race, and carry on a eunsiJer-
able trade into the interior. At Barraconda, abtiit
400 miles up the river, iire falls, or ratln.'r rapids,
above which sandbanks and flats soon render the
navigation difficult.
To the south of the Gambia nothing of great im-
portance occurs, till we come to the alluvial estuaries
of the Rio Grande, a river supposed, as its name
imports, to be of some magnitude; but Captain Ovtii
found it a mere inlet, receiving some incoiisideiabu'
streams. At its mouth occur a num'-.r of islamij
:-h is thiif iif
ll to lIU' Sdlltll
u' intiM'iin' lins
,'lic' Uiiii; i" a
xt lit iniikiii'^
• almost pii'^nii
ittcr, linwtvn-,
rudi'iit sysiiiii
iitti'iupt. On
It iii'rsi)nh';i' is
ioitI, (?onsi(|i r-
r tla' sc.i is till'
y princo ciillcl
C of the CDUIl-
iise mill st'Vii;il
ay's iMicyl i|iii:.
1 not btuti' Ins
from Uolbiiiy.
vestij^ation.J
111(1 Sfiici^iil is
Kiiyor. It is
lilus in lt'ii;;tli.
Aho arc .lal'il>,
jast, tlu; I'rt'iicli
r African sittle-
y ill its almost
B silk's of whii'li
ery steep. The
n the most skil-
1)00 inhaliitimts,
ins; the entrupot
oast, and i\ls(i a
; on their way to
f the pi'iiiiisulii,
le most Wfstcrly
lough the soil hi'
2 inimeiise tiws
[ipe that verilimt
On the nortlicni
his striiciii'j; gcu-
liile to iiwirincrs.
';nslish river, tiip
n it having, tor
to our own nu-
,a will he found
th hanlv by scvc-
t immctliately on
1,000 inhabitants.
le cliiel place of
. Barra there are
ily entitled to the
ic cap or throne
more extensive
that falls into the
;U)O,0i)0 iiihahi-
the two smaller
territory ot ah
nindiiig in rice,
iuhabitanti are
. ry on a eunsider-
Varracoiula, ahtut
or rather rapiJ?,
soon render the
SIERRA LKONF.
which, with a Rroiip opposite to them in the open
wn, form what is calleil the Archipelnijo of the llis-
sB^'OH. The inhabitants of the same name, called also
Uijiisirts, lire a tall, robust, warlike piople, who have
driven out the peaeeuble race ol I .• Uiafaras, the
original teriants, and have eotnpelled them to contine
ihenifelveH to the contiiniit and the hanks of the lUo
(Iraiide. Hissao, the larjjest of these islands, is inha-
liited by the I'npd', also WiirliKe mid enterprising.
In 17'.*-. an a;-isociation was formed in I'ln^land, with
11 view to planting; a settlement in the island ol' lUi-
liMiia; b;it, tbou^;b no opposition was made in the
first instance, thi; dilVieulty of establishiiiK a new
(olnny under circuinstniices so unfavourable, and es-
IKcinlly amidst the hostility of these rude neisihbours,
iililised ns to di-sist. The I'ortuKuese have lately
miirie a settlement upon tills island, despite the re-
iiioiistranccs of Colonel I'indlay, the late governor of
the Ganibift.
AloMS the heads of tlie Rio (irande lies the impor-
tant kingdom of Foota Jallo, said to extend about H.''i()
iiiik's in leiif;th, and ;.'(I0 in breadth. It appears to
he tlie most improved of all the states in this part of
.M'rica. The inhabitants are Foiilahs, and of the
Mahometan faith, but not bigots, and their marabouts
are held in high reputation for learning. They ina-
nnl'actiire cloths of considerable fineness ; they work
in iron dug from extensive mines in the country, also
ill silver, wood, and leather, and thiy conduct large
carnvans into the interior, as far even as Timbuctoo
and Cassina. Here, where they are the ruling peo-
ple, they by no means display that pacific character
which distinguishes the tribes on the Gam))ia and
Senegal. They can bring into the field Ifi.OOO men.
Timbo, or Teembo, the capital, is said to contain
7,0(10 souls, and Laby .5,000.
To the south of Foota Jallo is Soolimana, also war-
like and considerable. It borders on the Niger in
the highest part of its course, though the sources of
that river are placed in the hostile territory of the
Kissi. The king is at present Mahometan, but the
hulk of the nation pagan. They are a gay, thought-
less, stirring race. On the eastern side of the Niger
IS the country of Sangara, still more extensive and
more warlike ; the people of which would, it is sup-
posed, have by this time conquered Foota Jallo, had
they hcch united among themselves. At present,
whenever the Soolimas are inclined to go to war,
they can easily command 10,000 auxiliaries from be-
yond the Niger.
In returning to the coast, we pass through the
Koorango country, inhabited by the Mandingocs,
who, as usual, are gay, thoughtless, hospitable, and
enterprising. Farther down are the Timmances, a
more depraved race, who were the chief agents in the
slave trade. They are described as treacherous and
avaricious. Captain Laing met a woman who ac-
cused her two children of witchcraft, and on that
ground offered to sell them to him at a low price.
Their agriculture is peculiarly rude, and the cloths of
their manufacture very coarse. They abuse the
English as having deprived them of almost their only
source of wealth, which consisted in the sale of
slaves. This pcojile are oppressed by a singular asso-
ciation called Purrah, who, united by a bund and
always supporting each other, have become almost
masters of the country, and often exercise their power
in a very tyrannical manner.
The country of the Timmanees borders on that
part of the coast where Britain, with the most philan-
thropic views, has founded the colony of Sierra
-GKOfiRAPHY.
527
I.eone. It* principal seat at F'reetown is on the
south side of the hay, which ri'ceives the river for-
merly called by the sanu' name, but now more usu-
ally the Uokelle, and whi<'h rises in tlic Sociliinana
country ; it will bi' foimd subsupiently desciibed.
The space from Sierra l.ioiu' to the commeiice-
inent of the grain coast of (luima, an extent of aliout
L'OO iiiilcn, is chii'lly marked by the ciitnuiee into the
sea of the considerable rivers of Sherliro nnd Mesii-
rado. 'ITie former is navigable twenty lea;iucs up,
and has a tolerably large island at its mouth. On
the banks is found a speciis of pearl oyster. The
Mesurndo is a still larger stream, and very rn[)id.
According to the natives, if rcipiires three months'
nnvigntioii to rencb its source, which would appear tn
be ill the mountains of Kong, not very far from that
of the Niger. The banks arc described as finely
wooded, lertile, nnd, in many places, very well cul-
tivated. The states here are entirely nigro in reli-
gion and manners, iiiine of the Mahometan iiisfitii-
tioiis having iienrtiated sfi far. Triivellcrs enumerate
the kingdoms of lliilin, Quoja, Moiion and I'oign,
which they sometimes even dignily with the title of
empires. The sovereigns are, in general, absolute,
ami their ol)sef|uies are celebrated with human sacri-
lices, though not to the same frightful extent as in
some of the countries to tlu' west.
ITie Americans, ill |H2o, formed a settlement on
this coast, which was calliil Liberia; while its capi-
tal, on an island at the inoutli of the Mesiuado, was
naiiH'd Monrovia. The object was to obtain an asy-
lum for liberated negroes, who, notwiHistandiiig their
emancipation, are, by the prejudices of the Ameri-
cans, regarded as beings of an inferior order. In
spite of disastrous events, which obstructed its pro-
gress, it had attained in 1830, a population of I. 500.
The population of Monrovia amounted to about 700,
the rest were distril)uted in eight ditl'erent stations
along l.")0 miles of coast from Cape Mount to Trade-
town. The territory is healthy and fertile; the
colony was well conducted, and opened a friendly
intercourse with the natives, from which happy effects
were confidently anticipated, but we have no recent
accounts to determine how far it has succeeded.
From the Mesurado to Cape Pal mas extends what
is commonly called the Grain or Malaghetta Coast of
Guinea. The two rivers of Sesters and Sangwin,
near the centre of the coast, are rather conside.' .;blc,
and their banks are said to he fertile and populous,
A settlement, called St. George's, has recently been
made at this river by Ca))tain Spence. The state of
society seems to be nearly the same as in the coun-
tries last described ; the sovereigns absolute, human
sacrifices prevalent to a certain extent, and also self-
immolation.
Great sway is in the hands of a peculiar priest-
hood, called the hdli. The youthful candidate, for a
place in this body, must qualify himself by a long
initiation, during which he is withdrawn from all his
friends, and lodged in the depth of a sacred forest,
where, it is said, he is kept in a state of entire
nudity. Amongst the tests of his proficiency is the
performance of songs and dances, of a very extrava-
gant and often indecent nature; but peculiar know-
ledge is also su|)posed to be communicated on va-
rious high points; and those who have gone through
tlie course with success, and arc called the " marked
of the helli," \ook upon all the rest of the commu-
nity as quolifd, or idiots. They not only administer
all the concerns of religion, but conduct the judicial
proceedings ; most of which are made dependent on
i^. :.
1'"^
Mill
"" I ; Ki ■ .
^'ri '^
ViH
8IKRRA LEONi;.— GI';0(.IIAI>I1Y.
HKiiic I'nrm (if iinK'itl. Althomjh tlic I'lirtiixncMi' hnvo
lost nil tlu'lr N(ttU:ini'iit» in tlii'i [iiirt of Alricn, coii-
niilrriilili' iiiiinliirH (it tia'ir iiiiHtciity icNiilc there,
iiiixeil with the imtives, hy whom they nro treated
with some denree of reelect.
Ueyond C'u|ie I'ldmii^t, teiidiiiR to the n(irth-eu.st,
mid reitchiiig a» liir as Ca|K.' A|iiill(iiiiii, is ruiled the
Ivory Const. The iinmc in evidently derived Iroin
the i|iiniititli's of that vuluiililo |irii(liiet,olituiiied from
the iiiimeroiis ele|ihiiiitH on the sen shore, itnd in the
interior. The teeth are lA' ^ood (|nidity, luid unt'om-
inonly InrRc, wei^hiiit; .sometimes not hss than
201) Ihs. 'I'owards tlie last, at Assinoe and A|iolliinia,
n eonsideralile i|unnlity of i;(ild is liioii(,'lit down from
the countries liihind the (iold Cnust. There is niso
II ^'iiod ileni of ivory at tlu' ports of Cape l.ahoo, and
(inat and Little IJassam. 'I'here are no fUiropeiiii
settlements upon the eoast, except an Kii>,'lish fort at
Apollonia, whieli periinps l)tlon;;s rather to the Gold
Coast. Navi;4ati(in aloiin this, as well us the (irain
Const, re(piires lunch caution, as the shore is Hat and
destitute of any eonspicuons land marks, while a
in avy surf, liorne In from the whole hreadth of the
Atlantic, lireaks cdiilinnally a^Minst it. K.nrly navi-
gators describe the natives as the moat violent and
intractable race on the whole African coast. The
tcctli tiled to a jioint, the nails long, while their
liursh and gutterai lanp;n;iKe, almost resemliling the
cry of wild beasts, inspired disgust ; they have been
accused of caniiilialisni ; and their suspicion of I'^uro-
peaii.-i io i'.:'!u!ly :;;i:;! to l/i, »o great, that nothing can
induce them to ;^o on board a vessel. Captain Adams,
however, the must recent visitor, gives a much more
favourable account : he even says, that almost all thi^
Ijusinessistrnnsacted on board Kuropean ships, though,
when he did go on slioro, he was hospitably received.
From Apollonia to the Kio Volta extends what is
called the (iold Coast of Atrica. It was long the
most fre(piented by i:uro|iean tinders, particularly
ICnglish and Dutch, both for that highly -prized com-
modity which its name indicates, and for slaves,
while so nefarious a coinmeice was permitted. 'I'he
coast iireseiits tlie appearance of an immensely thick
forest, only detached s)iots of which are cleared and
cultivated. The soil near the sea, being light and
sandy, is scarcely tit for any important tropical pro-
duct, except cotton ; but six or seven miles inland
it improves greatly, and might be made to produce
sugar, and othirs of the richest West India products,
if the profits of industry were secured to the inha
bitaiits. Maize is the grain principally cultivated.
The gold, which forms the staple commodity, is
chietiy brought down from mountainous districts far
in the interior. The natives understand the process
of smelting the golden ore, but the pure metal is
found in such large cpiantities close to the surface as
to require the exercise of little ingenuity. In many
jilnces, however, even ujion the coast, a small ipian-
tity may be extracted from the earth by mere agita-
tion with water in a calabash. Little or no ivory is
exported. The ruling people on the coa.st are the
l-antees, a clever, stirring, turbulent race. They
exert more ingenuity in the construction of their
dwellings, and canoes, than the nations to the west.
The form of government is republican, and each vil-
lage has a large jiublic hall roofed, but open at the
sides, where an assembly is held, and public affairs
are debated. The pynins, or ciders, possess consi-
derable authority, and the administration of justice is
chielly in their hands.
The capital of the British settlements is at Cape
Coast Castle, milnrqiirntly described. To the \v(.it
ol {,'ape Coast, we have l)ix Cove iiimI Succondie, In
the Aliantu country, ii very fertile tract, and tn
which purer gold is brought than to any other |iiirt
of the ('(inst. The inhabitants are also peneenble imd
tractablp, and the chances of iinprovemeiit, as Mr.
Meredith conceives, are on the whole favournlilc.
The llritish station at Anninnbue wiui fnriiurly tlii'
great mart of the "shive trade. The fort in emiiimct
and regular ; nnd in IK117 it withstood, with a gur-
riaoii of twelve men, the attiejk of L'i,(MII) Ashantd^.
VViiiiiebah, in the Agooiia country, tlnnigh in im
agreeable situiition, has been abandoned; but I'mt
.lames, at Accra, would, 111 peaceable timis, allniil
great convenience lor trade, as no other place on the
coast has such extensive intercourse willi the iuterior.
Cape Coast Castle and Accra are now the only placis
where any garrison is maintained.
The capital of the Hutch settlements, In this |iiiit
of Africa, is Kl Minn, or the (,'astle; lirst founded liy
the I'ortuguese, and taken from them In It. .'IT. It
is about nine miles west of C^ape Coast Castle, in mi
open country, close to a large dirty town of II.ddi)
inhabitants. The fort is well built, on a high suii;i.
lion, and vessels of Kill tons can come close to the
walls; but its strength has been doubted. Tlu'
Dutch maintain here a garrison of I (10 men, aiiil
keep their establishment, on the whole, upon a inoiu
ri'|iutable scale than the Hritish. Their torts iilim;'
the coast are numerous, but none now are garrisoind
except LImiiin and Axim. The Danes have a ri'-
sprctnlile lort near Accra, called Christianborg Caslk',
and also one at Mngo, near the eastern extremity ui
the coast.
'I'he country behind the Gold Coast, when llr-t
known to Kunipeans, was divided among a numlnrni
consideralde kingdoms, Dinkira, Akim, Warsaw, iiiul
A(piainboe ; but all these have now sunk liiiirutli
the overwhelming sway of the Ashantu,-,. 'Ihh
warlike power has also reduced the interior couiifiis
of (iamaii, Inta, Dagwuniba, and others, of wliiih
some are more extensive and populous than itsiil,
Ashantee Proper, is estimated to contain I4,()lli)
s(|uare miles, and about a million of people ; but this
last number would be more than (piadrupled, it wo
were to include all its subjects and vassals. The cliii-
racter of the Ashantees is detailed under the head of
I'opulation.
On the eastern side of the Rio Volta commences
what I'.uropeans have called the Slave Coast, be-
cause slaves were there jirocured of the nnvstdocili'
and tractable character. It consisted originally nlilio
two kingdoms of Whydah and Ardrah, foriiiiii!,' liie
most populous and the best cultivated part of the
African coast. The vast and impenetrable finists
which cover so much of the continent had here lieiii
cut down, leaving only what was requisite for ornii-
mcnt and convenience. The whole country is said
to have been like a garden, covered with fruits awl
grain ot every description. Amid this abuudniiee,
the Whydahs, having become luxurious and t ileiiii-
nate, were unable to make head against the warlike
power of Dahomey, in the interior, which iiivailul
and conquered them at the last century. The first
ravages were dreadful, and rendered their country
almost a desert, nor has its peaceful submission ever
allowed it to regain its former prosperity.
Dahomey, which is thus ])redoniinant both over
the coast and over the interior, to a depth of about
200 miles, is governed upon the same system as
Ashantee, and with all its deformities, which it car
SIKKUA I.KONK.— GKOCJllAl'HY.
AJ9
tie* to ■ still mnic violont cxcpss. TIh* liloixly cnn
toiri^ tiiki' pliici' oil a still uri'iitcr xciiU' ; nml tlic
hiidii's of tlic vii'tiiiiH, iiisti'iiil of lii'inn iiitiTiiil, iiir
liiin.; ii|ioii the walls niid nllowi'il ro piitri'I'y. Iliiinaii
A'iIIh iimkf tin" fiivoiiritf orniiiiit'iit of the imlnccH uiiil
ti'jiipli's, uiiil thi> kini; is unlit to liiivi' his !il('('|iin»<
:i|)nifiiii'nt piivtMl witti tlicm. His wives nri' kept up
til nil (>i|iliil iiiiiiilicr with thoHi* of the kiii^ of
Ashaiitee. All the fi'iimli' sex nri' coiisiilprcd iis nt
till' kind's ilisposnl, mill nn antiuni nxsciiihlnKO Uikca
|iU(i', when, Imviii;; iiiaik- ii liirnc selection for liiin ■
si'it', liu (listrihiitis the refuse iimonu; his ^riindees,
who urn homul to reeoivo them with the Iniinblest
uratitiiile : In short, this ferocious race ullow fliem-
H'lvt's to he tloiniiieereil over in n miuiiier of which
there is no cxiitnple nniouK the most timiil nml
pnlisheil nations. The Rrentest lords in iipprimcliin{»
Ihu kiiii,r throw themselves flat on the ground, layit if
tlicir heads in the dust; and the belief is instilled
II, t') tliein, that their life helonRs entirely to their
siivereinn, and that they oiii^ht never to hesitate a
iiiiiMieiit to siicrillce it in his service. The kiiij; of
Diihoiney has heeii lately worsted in his wars with
Kyci), by whom he is now held in a species of vas-
■ialaeo. His country consists of an extensive and
liTtile plain, risint; from the sea by a gradual ascent.
The soil is a reddish clay mixed with sand, and no-
where contains a stone of the size of a walnut.
ThimRh capable of every 8|)ecie9 of tropical culture,
little is actually i)roduced from it that is tittod for a
lorclRii market ; so that since the abolition of the
slave trade, small advantage has accrued from conti-
miiiii; the intercourse with it, and the Knglish fort at
Whyiliili has been abandoned.
Wliydah, now commonly called Griwhee, may be
considered the port of Dahomey, from which a route
ijf about 100 miles reaches through Favies and Toro
In AliDiiiey, the ca])ital. Griwhee is situated in a fer-
tile country, still highly cultivated, and is plentifully
su|i|)lied with all the necessaries and conveniences of
African life. Captain Adams, whose estimates on this
piiiiit are unusually low, represents it as containing
about 7,000 inhabitants. The despotic and capricious
maiiiKT, however, in which foreign residents are
treated by the tyrant of Dahomey, has gradually in-
duced the diti'erent European powers to withdraw their
factories. Ardrah is still larger and more flourishing,
containing, according to the same authority, 10,000
inhahitiints. It is situated about 2.'> miles inland, on
a long and beautiful lake or lagoon, running parallel
to the sea, with which it becomes connected at its
eastern extremity by the river of Lagos. The Ardra-
ncse are industrious in the manufacture of cotton,
interwoven with silk : they make also soap, baskets,
and earthenware, and are skilful in working iron.
Their market is the best regulated of any on the
cnast, and exhibits the manufactures of India and
Europe, tobacco from Brazil, cloth from Eyeo and
Houssa, and every other article that is here in demand.
Though so close to Dahomey, the iieople appear to
enjoy a republican form of government. A consider-
able number of Mahometan residents have made their
way hither, and have introduced the management of
norses, and the use of milk, to both of which the
negroes in general are strangers. Badagry, though it
na.s sutl'eied by recent contests with Lagos, appears
ny Lander's report to be still a large and populous
place, situated in a fine plain, and divided into four
nistricts, each governed by a chief, who assumes the
title ot king. Lagos is built upon a small island, or
father the bank at the point where the channel com-
municiiti's with the sen on one side, aiiil on the other
with the Cradno Lake, a parallel pii'ce of water. The
town is Hcaieidy ft foot above the hike, iiixt is iiver-ruil
by water-rats from it. It has .'1,0(1(1 inhabitants, with
a good deal of stir iiiid trade. Its petty despot assiimca
all the airs of the greatest African inonnriMis, in'ver
allowing his courtiers to a|iproach him unless crawling
on tlu; ground, •"^oiiie liarbarmis customs prevail,
such ns impuliiig alive a young female, to |iropitiale
the goddess who presides over rain, and hanging the
heads of malcfiictors to soiik^ large trees ftt the end of
the town. The currency here consists of cowries,
which are imported in large (piantitics, and trans-
mitted into Houssa and other interior countries,
where they form the universal cireiilatiiig meiliiim.
At the termination of the Oadoo Lake comnu'iu'es
a large tract of coast, of a peculiar elmrncter, which,
from the principal state, receives the name of Ueniti.
It extends upwards of I'OO miles, and presents a suc-
cession of broad estuaries, now discovered to be all
braiiehes of the Niger, of which this country forms
the delta. They communicatt! with each other by
creeks, and, freipiently overtlowiiig their banks, render
the shore for 20 or ;<0 miles inland, a vast alluvial
wooded morass. The natives, having thus very ex-
tended water coniinunications, are the most active
traders anywhi^re in Africa; but, except slaves, the
commodities in which they deal are entirely changed.
Gold has disappeared ; ivory is again found in consi-
derable plenty j but palm oil is the great staple of the
eastern districts, A great iiuantity of salt is made at
the mouths of the rivers, both for consumption at
home and in the interior.
'I'he first leading feature is the river Formosa, two
miles wide at its mouth ; on n creek tributary to it
lies the capital of Benin. This city appi'ared to Cap-
tain Adams the largest he had seen on the coast of
Africa; he, therefore, probably underrates its popu-
latioii at 1">,0()0; being irregularly built, and consist-
ing of detacheil houses, it occupies an immense space
of ground. The surrounding territory is well culti-
vated, though not so thorouglily cleared of wood as
that round Ardrah and Whydah. The king is not
only absolute; but "J'riirlir," or a god, in the eyes of
his subjects ; and all otl'ences against him are punished
in the most cruel and summary manner, not only as
tirason, but impiety. Gatto, about .10 miles below,
is the |)uit of Benin ; accessible to vessels of Co tons.
The trade on this river has greatly declined.
\Varr6, orOwarri, is another state and city, situated
on another creek, com uinicatiiig with the Formosa,
on its opposite side. It consists of a somewhat
elevated and beautiful island, a|ipcariiig as if dropped
from the clouds amidst the vast woods and swamps
by which it is surrounded. Here, too, the king is
absolute, and carries polygamy to a very great e^ctent.
A recent traveller, happening to get a peep into the
seraglio, saw about .'iO queens, busied in various
employments, from the toilette to the washing-tub.
New Town, on the Formosa, is the port of Warr^'.
After doubling Cape Formosa, and passing several
estuaries, we come to that of the Brass River, called
by the Portuguese, the River of Nun. Though not
the largest estuary of the Niger, yet, being most
directly in the line of the main stream, and that by
which Lander entered the Atlantic, it at present en-
joys the reputation of being the principal channel.
It is divided into two branches ; but the navigation
is greatly impeded, and the trade limited, by a dan-
gerous bar at its mouth. Brass Town is built not on
either branch, but on one of the numerous creeks
3 Y
530
SIERRA LEONK.— GKOOnAPIlY.
conncrted with both, nnd in a country overgrown
with iiTi])rnftr(ihlp thickets of mangrove. It is a jioor
jilacp, divided t)y a lac;ooii into two parts, rich of
■w'.iieh contains about 1,000 inhabitants. Hcinny
River forms the next important estnary, having on its
opposite sides the towns of Ronny and New ("alabar.
Being only a few miles up, they are in the midst of
the morasses which overspread all this country, The
people support themselves by the manufacture of
salt, and they trade in slaves, and jjalm oil. lionny,
in particular, is become the great mart for these last
commodities, and is supposed to export annually
about 20,(100 slaves! The dealers go in large canoes
two or three days's sail to Ehoe, the' great interior
market. The king is absolute, and more barbarous
than the rest of his brethren on this coast, lie
boasts of having twice destroyed New Calabar, and
ornaments his fetiche house with the skulls of enemies
taken in battle.
To the eastward of Bonny is the estnary of Old
Calabar River, the broadest of all, and navigable for
large vessels CO miles up to Ephraim Town, governed
by a chief, who assumes the title of duke. It appears
to contain about ri,000 inhabitants, carrying on a con-
siderable trade ; and the duke has a large house filled
■with European manufactures and ornaments of every
kind, received by him in presents. This river is
i'ollowed by that of Kio del Rey, and then by the Rio
Cameroons. The country yields a good deal of ivory
and palm oil. The continuity of t^ at vast wooded
flat, which has extended along the coast for more
than 200 miles, is now broken by some very lofty
mountains, the principal of which is supposed to
reach the height of 13,ooo feet.
Several islands lie in the Bight of Riafra. Fer-
nando Po, in 3.28. N. Lat., and 8.40. 1.5. E. Long., is
n fine large island, lately occupied only by a lawless
race, composed of slaves, or malefactors, escaped from
the neighbouring coast. The British Government,
formed, in 1827, a settlement at this island, the
mountainous and picturesque aspect of which afforded
hopes of a healthy station ; the settlement is, I be-
lieve, abandoned by government, but I think prema-
turely, for as the island became cleared, its insalubrity
would have diminished; and it would bean extremely
valuable colony to Great Britain, from its vicinity to
the mouths of the Niger. Prince's Island, situate
also in the Bight of Benin, 9j miles long by G broad,
is high (the loftiesi, peak, 4,000 feet), and wooded.
St. Thomas is large and fertile ; towards its south
extremity it presents a mass of steep elevations, with
abrupt craggy faces, and two or three pinnacles, re-
sembling gigantic nine-pins ; one half the island is
mountainous. The pretty little Isle of Annabona is
inhabited by a simple native race, to the number of
3,000 ; it is near 3,000 feet high, but its length does
not exceed four, nor its breadth two miles ; its heights
are rounded like those of Fernando Po, rather than
peaked and pointed like Prince's Island. These islands
run in a chain to the south west from the Rio Cala
bar ; and the last three are in nominal subjection to
the Crown of Portugal.
The next division of Western Africa consists of
Congo and Loango, the coast of which is generally
named Angola. The principal feature is the Zaire,
or Congo, a powerftil and rapid river, which rushes
by a single channel into the Atlantic. Its course was
traced upwards by Captain Tuckey, in his unfortunate
expedition, about 400 miles, yet nothing was ascer-
tained as to its origin and early course ; though the
hypothesis of its forming the termination of the
Niger is now completely refuted. The population
along the river is said to lie small ; the largl^st villa!;("<,
(.'ooloo, F.mbomnia, and Inga, containing only I'loin
300 to Cii'O inhabitants. The interior capital of Con-
gowar, however, mentioned as the residence of the
Blindy North Conge, to whom all the cliiifs pay a
species of vassalage, is probably what the I'ortugiuse
called St. Salvador; and where, according to Mr.
Bowdich, they still maintain a mission ; but no ru-
cent details have l)eeu obtained respecting it. Tlirre
is regular distinction of ranks, the Chenoo, or chirf,
hereditary in the feniple line ; the Mafoots, or col-
lectors of the revenue ; the Koomoos, or cultivators;
and the domestic slaves, which latter are not nu-
merous.
The slave trade, for which alone this part of Africa
is now frr(piented, is chiefly carried on at Maleniha
and (Jabenda, on the north side of the river. Maleinlia
has been called the Montpelier of /.frica. It stands
on a hill aliout 100 feet high, commanding a be;\iifi.
fill prospect of the windings of the I.oango Louisa,
tl'.rough an extensive plain. Its dry and elcvntii!
situation preserves it from those deadly inlliiencrs
which operate so fatally on the health ot mariners,
(^abenda, near the mouth of the river of that name,
also a beautiful city, is situated at the foot of a
conical wooded mountain, and has been called tin'
Paradise of the Coast. It is a great mari for slaves,
who are brought from the opposite territory of Sni'iio.
The country to the south of Congo is called lien-
guela, and its commerce is still almost entirely in
the hands of the Portuguese. They frequent the Iwy
and river of Ambriz, in which there is a tolerable
roadstead ; but their great settlement is at St. Paul
dc Loanda, a large town in an elevated situation. It
is said to export annually 18,000 or 20,')(I0 slaves,
chiefly to Brazil. (It is a disgrace to England to per-
mit the continuatice of this infamous tratlic.) S.
Felipe de Benguela, in a mars'.iy and unhealthy site,
is now considerably declined ; and its population d(ies
not exceed 3,000, mostly free negroes and slaves.
There is also a smaller port, called Novo Redomtd,
The Portuguese claim a certain jurisdiction ovortlie
native states for several hundred miles in the interior,
obtaining presents and purchasing slaves. Further
inland is the country of Jaga Cassanga. The Jagas
are celebrated by the writers of travels, two centuries
ago, as a formid.ihle devastating tribe, addicted to the
most ferocious habits ; and no change is since asserted
to have taken place in their character. Behind them,
and in about the centre of the continent, the nation
of the Molouas, are represented as more numerous,
more intelligent, and possessing a higher (lc;,'ree ol
industry and civilization than any other in Africa.
under this latitude. Of the remainder of the cm>\
towards our own territories, in Southern Africa, litilc
is known.
Portugal at first claimed the whole of the coast just
described, but was driven from it by the Dutch, who
took El Mina in lfi43 ; the latter were in turn com-
pelled to retreat by the English, in Ififil, who ;onli
Cape Coast Castle, and having formed an AtVican
Company, commenced the establishment of forts lur
the ])rotection of trade.
The settlements at present belonging to Ensjlnml
in Western Africa are at Sierra Leone, the river Gam
bia, Ca\)e Coast Castle, Accra, and Annamahae.
Sierra l^eone. — The first settlers here were the
Portuguese ; shortly afterwards, the English esta-
blished themselves upon Bauce Island, in the middle
of the river. At the suggestion of Dr. Smeathmaiie,
the negroes disc
the American w
»')() whites, were
with all things \
year 1787 ; and
having been pur
a town, called I
mortality shorti
one-half, and a i
weakness, pluii
drove the coloi
Island. In 17<J1
Association havi
a charter, coiiv
among whom w
been sent from
was plundered b
was the disaster,
settlers, that the
ment with the gc
their jurisdiction
A charter was
Company ; it w
some alterations)
settlement was tt
in 1821, when ti
African Company
Sierra Leone.
The boundaries
define; in 1787
Leone was ceded
tending 15 miles
east to west : — tl
advanced to the s
False Cape. In 1
Leone Company ii
is described as the
on the north by tli
by the Camaranca
Bunce ; and on tl
as at present kno\
Sierra Leone river
at Calmont Creek
Calmont Xu the \\
the Bunce (which
River; constitutm
south, andI2fron
181'J between Sir i
named Ka Konka,
(iary of the peni
Britain the unlimit
by the name of M
on the banks of th
King of the Nortli
the islands of Banc
islands on the nui
Zogrine Point, and
ncrth banks of the
fiver Conray Bay
Creek on the east
vigation of the Riv
tl'e boundaries to
I-earciss, in 8.50. .
line which separate
from that of the G
the estuary of the
tlie west the Atlan
R'ver; and on the
defined.
Our possessions
ilistrict having bei
SIERRA I.EONE.— GEOORAPHY.
the nnjroes discharged from the army and navy alter
the ViiHMican war, to the amount of about -100, with
CiO wliitos, were conveyed to Sierra i.eone, furnished
with all tilings necessary to establisli a colony, in the
year 1787 ; and a piece of ground 20 miles square
having been purcliased from one of the native chiefs,
a town, called Ereetown, was founded. A dreadful
mortality shortly afterwards reduced the colonists to
one-half, and a native chief, taking advantage of their
weakness, plundered the settlement in 1781), and
drove the colonists to seek for shelter in Hance
Island. In 17'J1 and the following year, the African
Association having become incorporated and obtained
a charti^r, conveyed thither a number of settlers,
among whom were the Maroon negroes, who had
been sent from Jamaica to Nova Scotia. Freetown
was plundered by the French in 1794, and so great
was the disaster, and so destitute the condition of the
settlers, that the company entered into an arrange-
ment with the government to place the colony under
their jurisdiction.
A charter was granted in 1802 to the Sierra Leone
Company ; it was subsequently revised and (with
some alterations) confirmed, first, in 180H, when the
BCttlement was transferred to the Crown, and, finally,
in 1821, when the forts and possessions of the late
African Company on the Gold Coast were annexed to
Sierra Leone.
The boundaries of the settlement are difficult to
define; in 1787 a tract of the peninsula of Sierra
Leone was ceded to England by the native chiefs, ex-
tending 15 miles from north to south by four from
cast to west : — the western boundary subse((uently
advanced to the sea as far as the point of land called
False Cape. In the charters granted to the Sierra
Leone Company in 1800, 1809, and 1821, the colony
is described as the peninsula of Sierra Leone, bounded
on the north by the river of that name ; on the south
by the Camaranca River; on the east by the River
Bunce ; and on the west by the sea. The peninsula,
as at present known, is bounded on the north by the
Sierra Leone river ; on the south and west by the sea
at Calmont Creek, and on the east by a line up thi,
Calniont t(; the Watslod Creek, and down this last to
the Bunce (which is in fact part of the Sierra Leone
River; constitutnig a tract 18 miles from north to
south, and 12 from east to west. By a convention in
181'J between Sir C. M'Carthy and a Timmanee Chief,
named Ka Konka, |)ossessing country on the boun-
dary of the peninsula, that chief ceded to Great
Britain the unlimited sovereignty of the lands, known
by the name of Mar Ports, and Roe lioness, situate
on the banks of the Bunce River. In 1824, Ba Mauro,
King of the North Balloms, ceded to Great Britain
the islands of Bance, Tasso, Tombo, and all the other
islands on the north side of Sierra Leone, between
Zogrine Point, and Ka Keeper Creek : as well as the
north banks of the river for one mile inland from the
river Conray Bay on the west, to the Ka Keeper
Creek on the east ; with a right and title to the na-
vigation of the River Sierra Leone, &c. On the north
the boundaries touch the River Memgo or Little
Learciss, in 8.50. north ; on the south as far as the
line which separates the King of Sherboro's territory
from that of the Gallinos, in lat. 70" north embracing
the estuary of the Sherboro and its tributaries ; on
the west the Atlantic, as far north as Sierra Leone
River; and on the east an imaginary line, imperfectly
defined,
Our possessions at Sierra Leone (so called from the
district having been the favourite resort of lions)
,^31
extend over a mountainous tract of coimtry, formed
by two rivers, which nearly intersect it. The general
appearance of this Sierra presents an outline of an
irregular congeries of conical mountains, with vallies
and piairies in their inler.stices ; the mountains are
covered to their summits with h)fty forcsls, giving to
the distant scenery a beautiful, rich, and romantic
appearance ; the territory on the north side of the
river is hovvever low and llat. Many streams of
water descend from the hills, and are concentrated in
a large basin, called the Bay of Franca, which is
considered the best watering place along the whole
line of coast.
The river called Sierra Leone is more properly
speaking an estuary, about 20 miles in length, and
varying in breadth from 10 at its entrance, between
Leopard's Island and Cape Sierra Leone, to about
four miles at the island of Tombo, where it termi-
nates ; it has several arms, which extend themselves
in ditierent directions ; the Rokell River is, however,
the only one which ofiers the advantage of water
communication from any considerable distance into
the interior ; its source being stated to be within 30
miles of Fallaba, and 200 from Sierra Leone ; falls or
rapids intercept its course at Rocon, 50 or (iO miles
from Freetown. The Kates River, 25 miles from
Freetown, is navigable for boats upwards of 70 miles.
Freetown, the capital, is built upon the south side
of the Sierra Leone River, and at the north extremity
of the peninsula. It is five miles from Cape Sierra
Leone, which is considered to mark on the south as
Leopard Island, seven miles distant, does on the north
the entrance of the river, to which the access is easy
and safe. Immediately in front of the town, the river
forms a bay, where there is good and commodious
ancliorage for vessels of all classes, and timber ships
of 400 or .'■>00 tons burden go with facility nearly 20
miles higher up the stream for the purpose of taking
in their cargoes.
The settlement has the advantage of a modern
plan for its formation ; it occupies a large space of
ground, extending in a very gentle ascent from the
banks of the river, and is about three quarters of a
mile long, with spacious streets, intersecting each
other at right angles. Most of the houses were at
first built of mud or wood, not however without
taste, but many of the natives are now constructing
storehouses.
The town is open to the river on the north, but on
the south-east and west com|)letely hemmed in by a
semicircular range of mountains, from 12 to 1,500
feet high, and wooded to the summit. The distance
between the town and the base of these mountains
varies from three quarters to a mile and a half, the
intervening space broken by numerous undulations,
the outline exhibiting the appearance of a sylvan
theatre, replete with highly picturesque scenery.
With the exception of the cultivated spots, the hills
are thickly clothed to their summit with wood, and
ascend almost in regular gradation towards Leicester
Mountain, above which the Sugar-loaf is seen to rise
at some distance in the rear. The amphitheatre in-
cludes, from east to west, a space, the semi-diameter
of which is nearly a mile, embracing the town, the
Tower Hill, and a small portion of land, called ' King
Tom's Point.' The Tower Hill is nearly m the centre
of this amphitheatre, and Freetown stretches from
the water-side towards its base ; about half way up
its sides are situate the fort, the barracks, hospital,
and a Martello tower, the whole when viewed from
the sea forming a striking roup d'tjvii.
\ .3
';'0
u
iiiii
»1V J "( 1
m
m
532
SIKRRA LEONE.— GEOGRAPHY.
ml
1 1 ;|
hi
Mr. Rankin says, the shore is broken into a scries
of little hays, with moderate hills gently rising above,
and waving with palm-trees; in front is the wide
Sierra Loone, glittering in constant sunshine, and
bordered by the low woods of the Hullom shore. The
inland country, to the west, is intersected by the
waters of the Port Logo, Rokel, and Hunce rivers,
varied with many a green island, and bearing many a
little canoe, formed of the trunk of a tree, and pad-
dled by sturdy savages. The aspect of the country
immediately behind Freetown is bold and imposing ;
it is a succession of evergreen mountains soaring one
above another.
No site for a town more lovely could have been
selected, had charms to the eye been the sole guide ;
it is not iiossible that gloomy forebodings should
thrust themselves forward when a stranger arrives,
and for the first time looks ujjon the glowing bosom
of the estuary, scarcely rippled by the light airs and
gentle tides of these latitudes ; the cpiiet Bullom
shore, green to the water's edge ; the bold sweep of
that amphitheatre of undulating mountains which
appear to be embracing the capital for its protection,
gaping with enormous ravines and dark valleys, and
clothed with never-fading forests. The town itself is
picturesque. It rises from the water's edge, and
gradually creeps up the sides of the surrounding hills,
with its white dwellings and jirolific gardens ; whilst
in the distance, emerging from high woods, appear
the country mansions of white gentlemen, with
patches of ground devoted to the produce of coffee
and fruits. The style in which the houses are gene-
rally built throws an oriental character over the view;
they are as often of wood as of stone, and are washed
white or yellow ; piazzas, with pillars at due inter-
vals, support the verandahs, and secure a shady walk
in the open air even during mid-day ; the verandahs
exhibit rows of jalousies, a kind of Venetian blind
painted green ; and the roofs, principally formed of
layers of thin dry wood, called shingles, project to a
great distance, with white eaves. The greater num-
ber of dwellings stand in a court-yard or in a garden ;
causing the extent of space covered by buildings to
be much greater than in a European town of equal
population, and giving it, from the foliage ..f lux';riant
trees, a healthy and fresh appearance. It is flanked
on either side by a brook of clear water, which never
fails in the most intense weather of the dry season.
The channel of these streams may be easily traced by
the abundant vegetation. The prolific bounty of
nature, which makes the spot so beautiful and so
exciting, and almost invests the busy streets with the
charms of the country, is, however, one of the causes
of that evil name which pestilence has fixed upon
' Sierra Leone. The public ways are no sooner watered
by the first showers of the wet season, than they
appear to be converted into fields ; the most fre-
quented thoroughfares become nearly impassable from
the dense herbage that rises beneath the feet, parti-
cularly the indigo, which is constantly cut down to
allow the common movements of the inabitants.
Of the amazing circuit occupied by the buildings
of the capital, a very limited portion is inhabited by
Europeans, — that which immediately boi'ders the sea.
They are not arranged together, but often at long
intervals ; the intervening space being filled with
clusters of the lowest huts or sheds of the lowest
blacks. No taste, however, has developed itself so
strongly as that which urges the savage to toil, in
order to be enabled to build a house like that of the
white man ; and, where ample remuneration for
labour is joined to a frugality approaching abstemi-
ousness, the taste is often gratified.
The number of white residents thro\ighout the
peninsula of Sierra Leone bears no proportion to tliiit
of the blacks. It fluctuates but little : the majority
heing stated oflScers or clerks in the different colonial
departments. In 183.3, 84 only, including the ladies
of such as had married white women, were to he
reckoned in the entire colony. Of these 73 dwelt in
Freetown, with, fiowever, between ten and eleven
thousand blacks, out of the thirty thousand uiuler
British authority in the settlement.
The free blacks, who, at the close of the American
war, were transferred by the British Government to
Nova Scotia, and thence to Sierra Leone, occupy, on
the western side of the capital, the quarter called
Settler-town. Next to this, on the east, is Foiilah-
town, the abode of the Mohammedan tribes, the
Foulahs and Mandingos. Then we have Maroon-
town, Zalofi'-town, and Soldier-town ; besides the
cluster of wicker huts called Kroo-town ; and on the
heights above all the rest, the village of the Congoese
or Congo-town. But the miscellaneous collections
of slaves of all tribes, imported here in the captured
slavers, defy a minute classification. Some 20 or ;iO
languages are in use among the inhabitants of Free-
town, where a zealous and intelligent inquirer would
never want a favourable opportunity of acquirin"
fresh information respecting the geography and civi-
lization of the interior of Africa.
Throughout the peninsula several villages have
been formed at the following periods: in ISO!), Lei-
cester; 1812, Regent; 181 fi, Gloucester ; 1817, KIs-
sey and Leopold; 1818, Charlotte, Wilberf'orce, and
Bothwcll ; 1819, Kent, York, Wellington, Waterloo.
These villages are generally situate in ditt'erent parts
of the mountain, but all connected by good roads
with each other, and with Freetown, the capital.
The Bannana Islands, two in number, south-west
of Freetown, may be termed one island, six miles in
length and one in breadth, and were ceded to the
crown in 1819 by the family of the Caulkers, who
receive for them an annual payment.
The Isle de Los, in north latitude 9. 16., west lon-
gitude If)., five in number, are situate about GO miles
to the northward of Sierre Leone, and five or six
miles from the coast, and were ceded to Great Britain
by the chief, Dalla Mahomeda, to whom an annual
payment is made for them. Factory Island, the
second in extent, is four and a half long, by lialf a
mile broad ; they are however very valuable for the
trade which is from them carried on with the rivers
of the adjacent continent, consisting in the exchaiise
of British goods for hides, ivory, gold dust, S;c.
There is also a considerable commerce in rice on this
part of this coast, some of which is exported by the
traders at Sierra Leone to the West Indies, but the
quality is much injured by the imperfect process In
use amongst the natives for cleaning it. British fac-
tories have recently been established in several of
the rivers between the Gambia and Sierra Leone,
particularly at the Rio Punez, Scarces, &c.
Ohsi'rrations on the Pulilic Jl'orks at Skrra heoM,
[B. B. 183f).] Old and New Market.— The old market
being situated in the centre of Water-street, caubcd
considerable inconvenience to the public, from its
obstructing a large portion of the thorougbtarc, ami
the unavoidable accumulation of filth rendered it also
a nuisance to the immediate neighbourhood; a more
convenient site has in consetiucnce been purchased
(in 183.')) near the water side, upon which it is in-
ili '
ching abstemi-
iro\ighout the
portion to tliat
I ; the majority
ffeient colonial
ding the Indies
!n, were to be
ese 73 dwelt in
:en and eleven
housand under
f the American
Government to
one, occupy, on
quarter called
east, is Foulali-
;lan tribes, the
have Maroon-
n ; besides the
wn ; and on the
of the Congopse
eous collections
in the captnred
Some 20 or ISO
bitants of Frce-
: inquirer would
ity of acquiring
graphy and eivi-
il villages have
Is: in 180',), lei-
ster; 1817, Kis-
Wilberforce, and
ngton, Waterloo.
n different parts
I by good roads
the capital,
nber, south-west
and, six miles in
!re ceded to the
e Caulkers, who
9. IT)., west lon-
;e about (iO miles
and five or six
I to Great britaiii
vhom an annual
tory Island, the
f long, by half a
valuable for the
m with the rivers
in the exehanse
gold dust, S:c.
•ce in rice on this
exported by the
St Indies, but the
perfect process in
; it. British fue-
led in several of
id Sierra Leone,
cs, &c.
lit Sierra Lmc.
—The old market
ter-street, caubcd
public, from its
horoughfarc, ami
h rendered it also
ourhood ; a more
been purchased
n which it is in-
SIERRA LEONE.— GEOLOGY, CLIMATE.
tended to erect the necessary stalls, &c., the expense
of which, including the inclosing with stonewalls and
iron railing in front, is estimated at 400/. The large
l)rick one- storied building, under which a part of the
present markets are kept, it is proposed should be
converted into a court hall and commercial and other
imblic rooms, and the lower or basement story, into
stalls for hawkers, which will yield a considerable
revenue to the funds of the colony,
C'Disru brUli^e (tnd liniiil. — This undertaking was
conunenced in December, 1830, and is an improve-
ment highly desirable, as affording an easy communi-
cation with the western districts, which is one of the
most populous of the colony, and from whence the
largest supplies are daily brought to the markets of
Tree Town.
Street Drnim. — This necessary work is still in pro-
gress, and will, when completed, effectually carry off
the waters which fall at the back of the town, during
the rainy season, and would, if left, stagnate to the
great injury of the health of the inhabitants.
Free.toirn Gaul. — Several necessary repairs and im-
jiruvcments to the premises have been executed dur-
ing' the year, viz. : a new and more commodious
kitchen has been erected at the lower part of the yard,
the old and decayed one being contiguous to the side
wall of the yard, afforded great facility to the pri-
soners in escaping over the roof. A separate airing
yard for females has been divided off, with stone walls
and iron railings for the admission of air. The ex-
penses of which amount to 73/. Is. l\d.
III. On the head of Geology, of course, nothing more
than isolated facts can yet be expected. The soil in the
vicinity of Sierra Leone, consists chiefly of a slight
stratum of brown gravel on a semivitrified rock of the
same colour, containing a large portion of the oxide
of iron. This is what is called the lirnwn iron stone ;
the red iron stone is also found in extensive strata,
but the brown, appears to be the more prevailing one.
Doth these varieties of ha;matites are cellular through-
out their entire substance, strongly indicating volcanic
origin ; they are intersected with yellow streaks, and
kidney-shaped segments. Magnetic iron ore is found
in the mountains in small detached masses. Some
of the mountains are chiefly composed of granite,
large blocks of which are frequently seen studding
the surface of the plains. No limestone has hitherto
been discovered in the colony, but fortunately there
is a large abundance of fossil shells. Gold is abundant,
as will be subse(|uently shewn by the quantities ex-
(lortod to England during the last three years.
There is very little difference in the soil of the coast
f.om Cape Palmas to the River Volta; within five or
six miles of the shore it is of a siliceous nat'.n-e ; the
clumps of hills which are to be met with in every di-
rection are composed principally of gneis and granite:
mica slate is found to enter into the composition of
some at no great distance from Cape Coast Castle.
These rocks, from containing large proportions of
felspar and mica, are rapidly passing into decompo-
sition, more especially such as are exposed to the in-
Ihience of air and water ; the result of the decompo-
sition is the formation of a clayey or an argillaceous
soil.
.■^s the sandy sea-coast is receded from, the soil is
siliceous, mixed with decayed vegetable or animal
matter, where no granite or micaceous rocks inter-
vene; it is in the valleys where the rich alluvial soil
is met with, formed of the disintegrated materials of
the surrounding hills (washed down by the heavy
turrent.s of rain) and deposited along with the ve-e-
533
table decomposition, giving richness to the clayey
mould. It is in such valleys, from ten to twelve
miles inland, that the natives delight to make exten-
sive plantations.
IV. According to the distance north or south of the
equator, and to the elevation of the country, the tem-
perature and seasons of course vary ; on the north of
the Kquinoctial line May, June, July, August, Sep-
tember, and October, may be considered the wet
winter months ; and the remainder of the year the
dry or summer months ; harniattans and tornadoes
are peculiar to the latter, and fogs to the former.
The rains commence with the end of May or begin-
of June, and terminate in August. October, Novem-
ber, and December are cold, with occasional fogs.
The winds along the Gold Coast may be divided into
the land and sea breezes, the former from the north-
north-west generally, and the latter from the south-
west, west-south-west generally ; during the rains the
land breezes are irregular. The land breeze generally
continues from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.
The range of the thermometer is not great ; during
1819 it did not rise higher than 9.")" — the minimum
being 7fi", making a range of only 9". In 1820
maximum 84", minimum 74", range 10". In 1821
maximum SO", minimum fifi", range 20". In 1822
maximum 89", minimum 74", range 1;')" — and so on
ever since, with this exception, that there is a visible
change in the duration of the respective seasons ;
thus, as Dr. Tedlie in his valuable Report to the Army
Medical Hoard observes, solar heat alone is not a
cause of disease.
The range of the thermometer at Sierra Leone is
very slight, and the average heat throughout the
year is eighty-two. The rains continue for six
months, and the torrents which pour down from the
mountains deluge the plains beneath. The moun-
tains in the vicinity of Freetown are now, however,
generally cleared and cultivated, and the settlement
is as healthy for European residents as any other
tropical climate.
Indeed of late years the salubrity of different parts
of Africa has materially increased : and many I'^uro-
peans residing on the shores of Western Africa enjoy
better health than they have experienced in Eng-
land.
All tropical countries with an exuberant vegetation,
necessarily yield a large portion of deleterious miasma
from decomposing matter ; but tlie formation of
drains, the clearing of jungle, and the cultivation of
the soil, invariably produce a healthy place of resi-
dence. If Africa were fully peopled, cleared, and
tilled, it would be one of the finest countries in the
world in point of beautiful scenery, abundant produce,
and inexhaustible resources. Soldiers and sailors are
imperfect criterions of the healthiness of any station,
but as there are no other returns available, their
statistics have been given in this chapter, as well as
elsewhere.
It were very desirable that accurate returns were
transmitted from all our colonies, of the deaths of
Europeans, specifying whether male or female, the
age, nundjcr of years residence in the colony, and
occupation. A valuable series of vital statistics would
thus be obtained.
■ V ■ I
I
I
534
SIERRA LEONE.— CLIMATE.
Meteorological Table, kept at the Military Hospital, Freetown.
Fall.
Therm.
Barometer.
Weather.
Pluviometer.
Month.
S
3
s
'5?
ts
2
Minimum.
1
S
E
3
e
1
E
3
E
'c
E
3
'i,
CO
>-.
IS
■a
Cloudy and
Moist Days.
Inches and
Decimals.
Remarks.
*
January
87
81 82 30.10
29.10
29.80
31
N. W. or sea breeze in the altir-
1
noon ; harmattan in the morning.
Fubruary .
85
82 81
30.10 29 80
29.80
28
••
••
Not accurately
measured, on ac-
A few slight tornadoes with little
rain ; winds as above.
March .
84
80 ,80
29.90 29.80
29.80
30..
1
count of an acci-
Winds as above ; tornadoes.
April . .
84
78 j80
29.90
29.86
29.85
26j..
4
dent which hap-
Winds from N.W. to S.W.; ditto.
May . .
84
78 80
29 91
29.80
29.85
14J2
5
pened to the in-
S. E. to S. W.; no tornadoes.
June
84
73* 78
3030
29.85
29.86
14 13
3
strument.
Rain from S. E.
July . .
84
73i78 30.30
29.85
29.92
5,23
3
45.44
Ditto ; sultry and chilly.
Augu.st
81
74*77
30.10
29.80
29 86
2:29
45.07
Ditto.
September .
84
74 ,7h
30.10
29 91
29.89
10 20
, ,
29.73
Five tornadoes, E. to S. W.
October
84
77 ,78
29.90
29.80
29.92
20
6
5
10.73
Cloudy ; sultry days.
November .
85
78 ,80
29.97
29.80
29.92
21
5
4
5.70
Ditto, ditto.
December .
86
80 80
29.97
29.89
29.92
23
4
4
6.94
Ditto ; thunder and lightning in the
1
1
evenmg.
In the Annual Medical Report from the West
African stations for 1832, transmitted to the Army
Medical department, I find these remarks :
' Sierra Leone. — This station has continued during
this year as during the two preceding years, to main-
tain its character for salubrity, the total number of
casualties in the sick returns is eight ; the strength
being 446, and the total number of sick treated 230,
of which last number (as in the preceding year) more
than one-fifth were cases of sexual disease.'
Not only are febrile and other climatorial diseases
less prevalent than formerly, but their type is of far
greater mildness, and during the years 1831-32, and
1833, when most parts of the globe were sulTering
from cholera and other pestilential diseases, the Bri-
tish settlements in West Africa were in the enjoyment
of perfect health.
The Deputy Inspector of Hospitals at West Africa,
states in his otficial report, in reference to the causes
of disease in Europeans — " Breakfast is taken at
rising — at eleven a.m. they sit down to ' relish,' con-
sisting of soups, meats, and the highest seasoned
dishes ; wine is drank as at dinner, and afterwards
sangaree, or brandy and water, which too frequently
they continue sipping and drinking till late in the
afternoon, sometimes to the dinner hour." (0 p.m )
" In all the countries," says Dr. Nicoll, " which
I have visited, I never saw so much eating and
drinking."
The wet season, as in some parts of India, is
usually ushered in by tremendous tornadoes, or
violent gusts of wind, which come from the eastward,
attended by thunder, lightning, and in general,
heavy rains. The violence of the wind seldom con-
tinues longer than half an hour; but the scene
during the time it continues may be considered as one
of the most awfully sublime in nature. Its approach
is foretold by certain appearances, which enable people
to be on their guard. A dark cloud, not larger than
' a man's hand,' is indistinctly observed on the verge
of the eastL'rn horizon. Faint flashes of lightning,
attended sometimes by very distant thunder, arc then
seen to vibrate in quick succession. The clouds
in that quarter become gradually more dense and
black ; they also increase in bulk, and appear as if
heaped on each other. The thunder, which at first
was scarcely noticed, or heard only at long intervals,
draws nearer by degrees, and becomes inore frequent
and tremendous. The blackness of the clouds increase
until a great part of the heavens seem wrapped in the
darkness of midnight : and it is rendered still more
awful, by being contrasted with a gleam of light
which generally appears in the western horizon.
Immediately before the attack of the tornado, there
is either a light breeze, scarely perceptible, from the
westward, or, as is more common, the air is perfectly
calm and unusually still. Men and animals tty lor
shelter ; and, while ' expectation stands in horror,'
the thundering storm in an instant bursts from the
clouds. It is impossible for language to convey a
just idea of the uproar of the elements which then
takes place.
The temperature of the air is greatly aftected by a
tornado (it becomes cool and clear) ; and it is not
unusual for the thermometer to sutler a depression
of eight or ten degrees within two or three minutes
after the storm has come on. After a tornado, the
body feels invigorated and more active, and the mind
recovers much of that elasticity which long continued
heat tends to impair.
The harmattan, or north-east wind, generally blowj
once or twice in January and February ; it is of ex-
treme siccidity, and is near the great desert of Sahnra
in particular, accompanied by a dense haze, occasioned
by a vast quantity of impalpable powder tioating in
the gusty atmosphere.
Return of the Av
the
Wost Coast
ill eacl Voar of
Men averi
1
a.
%^
M a
1816
540
t
1817
246
i
1818
102
t!!
1819
54
a
A
4
f
1820
1821
1822
18:.'3
«
18 -.'4
«
1825
564
6
1826
383
8
1827
221
q
1828
91
5
1829
9
3
1830
3
3
1831
1832
—
5.
Annua'
Strt
>
Black.
1827
749.25
1828
765.25
1829
487.
18:)0
302.75
1831
328. 5
1832
329.75
1833*
524.33
SIl'RRA LF.ONE.— CLIMATE, POPULATION'.
535
Return of the Average Number of Effective ami Non-effective Force in cacii year since 1815, stationed on
the Wost Coast of Africa, with the Number of Officers and Men who Died and of those who were Invalided
ill eaci Year of the above period ; also, the proportion of Blacks and Europeans.
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1820
1830
1831
1832
1833
Men average effective,
a.
o .
540
246
102
54
*
564
383
221
91
9
3
538
394
326
391
418
3.->9
473
636
»
•
663
874
937
548
356
303
351
540
5
o
1078
640
428
445
418
359
473
636
738
1279
1227
1 257
1158
639
365
303
351
540
Sick included
in the
Hi
n:„j
OflTicers
foregoing Col
unin.
•
including Staff.
o
T3
•3
01
1^
en
o
1
o
t
eturne
omc
ck.
c
W la
n
H
U a
e
H
<0, Q
DS IWJ
55
55
22
77
115
17
132
45 1 6
6
32
25
9
34
62
18
86
32 j 3
5
23
7
6
13
38
10
48
21
2
2
10
2
4
6
5
12
17
18
1
6
45
—
5
5
—
26
26
23
5
9
—
6
6
—
9
9
26
—
7
—
—
5
5
—
15
15
37
4
3
—
—
13
13
—
38
38
41
10
8
—
•
•
46
•
«.
136t
44
28
9
—
«
«
90
•
«
630
62
15
8
14
«
«
90
•
«
323
55
24
14
111
«
•
69
«
«
140
55
12
8
50
•
*
52
11
21
32
47
6
14
44
«
«
23
6
24
30
28
5
7
160
—
12
12
1
8
9
19
2
5
8
—
6
6
—
9
9
19
1
—
—
—
8
8
—
17
17
21
—
1
—
' "
20
20
*~~*
13
13
20
1
3
•"™
I
* Not specified in the Returns.
+ Forty-two killed in action.
Return showing the Annual Average Strength of the Black and White Troops on the Western Coast of
Africa, and the proportion of Sickness and Mortality on the same Station, for the period commencing
1827, and ending 1833, both inclusive.
Annual Average
Total of
Annual Proportion of
Strength.
Sick Treated.
Deaths.
Treated to Strength.
Deaths to Strength.
u
s
5-
Black.
White.
Black.
White.
Black.
White.
Black. 1 White.
Black.
White.
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833*
749.25
765.25
487.
302.75
328. 5
329.75
524.33
345.5
231.75
114.
9.
1.
5.5
t
790
754
310
218
279
189
387
1,042
875
296
27
4
3
25
47
16
13
5
28
8
7
50
10
11
1
1
1 ,05 to 1
1 to 1.014
I to 1.57
1 to 1.388
1 to 1.177
1 to 1.744
1 to 1.3,54
3.05 to 1
3.77 to 1
2.59 to 1
3 to 1
4 to 1
1 to 1.85
t
1 to 15.94
1 to 47.82
1 to 37.46
1 to 60.55
1 to 15,64
1 to 23.625
1 to 74.85
1 to 6.91
1 to 23. 17
1 to 10.36
1 to 1
t
* The calculations for this year are founded on the returns for three-quarters of a year, the return for the
fourth quRrter not having yet been received.
t The returns for this period do not show the number of white troops as distinguished from Black, but
the number of white troops is known to have been very small.
V. Of the numbers, characters, and almost of the
names of the people of Western Africa (estimated at
20 to the square mile, 1,200,000 square miles, thus
giving 31,000,000 mouths) we know very little.
Three great negro races inhabit the country :
Ist. The Foulnhs, from Fooladoo on the Upper
Senegal, or of the same race with the Fcllatahs, in
Central Africa, have now spread all over the banks of
that river, besides the great kingdom of Foota Jalloo to
the S., and many districts on the banks of the Gambia.
They have not the extreme negro characteristics ;
neither the deep jet hue, the flat nose nor the thick
lips, on the contrary, tiieir features are high, with an
olive tint, and an agreeable cxjjression. They have
embraced the Mahometan faith, but without that
bigotry which almost universally accompanies it.
Their manners are peculiarly courteous and gentle :
they practise the most liberal hospitality, and relieve
the wants not oidy of their own aged and infirm, but
even of those belonging to other tribes. Their em-
i2,V; ,(■■
II^M
i *
■)36
SIERRA LEONE.— POPULATION.
ployments arc pnstornl, and their habits, in some
degree, iioinadic. Occupying countries where there
is no (ixed property in land ; they drive their flocks,
according to the season, to the tops of the mountains,
or the banlcs of the rivers. At night they collect
their herds within the circle of the tents, and light
large fires to deter the approach of wild beasts.
Such is their good conduct and industry, that it is
considered infamous to injure them, and a blessing is
said to rest on any territory that contains one of
their villages. Their internal government is repub-
lican, under chiefs of their own ; and this form they
insist upon retaining, even when they settle under a
sovereign of another tribe.
2d. The Mundingiies are a race more numerous,
and more decidedly negro, both in form and disposi-
tion. Though capable of great occasional exertion,
they have by no means the steady industry of the
Foulahs. Their employments are chiefly a slight
agriculture, fishing with nets and baskets, and, above
all, traffic, in which their enterprise exceeds that of
the other negro races. They conduct large kafllns to
a considerable distance in the interior, and their lan-
guage is well understood in all the commercial dis-
tricts. They are cheerful, inquisitive, credulous, and
so gay, that they will dance for 24 hours, without
intermission, to the sound of the drum or balafon.
Polygamy is practised to a great extent.
The Mandingoes have some tastes more refined
than are usual among Africins, particularly in poetry,
the extemporary composition, and recitation of
■which forms one of their favourite amusements. The
original country of these people is the elevated ter-
ritory of Manding; but they are now widely diffused
over all this region, and particularly along the banks
of the Gambia.
The third great race are the Jalofs, who occupy
nearly the whole of the inland territory which inter-
venes between Gambia and Senegal, and the extent
of which is estimated, by Golberry, at 4,800 leagues.
A number of them are subject to a powerful inland
prince, called Burb-y-Jalof, who boasts of himself as
anciently the sole ruler in this part of Africa. The
Jalofs, though of a deep black complexion, and with
the decided negro features, are considered a hand-
some race. They boast of their antiquity, and in
many respects excel their neighbours. Their lan-
guage is softer and more agreeable ; they manufac-
ture finer cotton cloths, and give them a superior
dye (Mr. Forster presented me with some speci-
mens of the cotton cloths manufactured by the na-
tives of Western Africa ; these cloths have a softness,
weight and texture, which our manufacturers at
Manchester cannot equal ; the patterns before me are
novel and tasteful, proving that the African is not
the degraded being he has been so unjustly repre-
sented) ; in horsemanship they are fearless and ex-
pert, and as hunters they rival the Moors. They
possess not, however, the invention of writing, and
reckon by Jives instead of by tens.
The Feloops are a wild and rude race, inhabiting
the shores to the S. of the Gambia ; their traffic with
us is carried on through the Mandingo merchants,
and we consequently know little of them.
The Timmanees border on our colony of Sierra
Leone.
TheAshantees, amounting, it is thought, to 1,000,000
people, with 3,000,000 of dependants, belonging to
other nations, inhabit Ashantee Proper, a region be-
hind the Gold Coast, comprising about 14,000 square
miles. They arc a very superior class of natives to
those on the coast, — manufacture excellent cottmi,
smelt metals, and build large houses. The country is
governed by a king, aided by four chiefs as councillors.
Notwithstanding that the manners of the Ashantocs
are more polished and dignified than their neighbours,
iinnual hecatombs of unfortunate slaves and captives
are offered to propitiate the manes of their ancestors ;
and on the death of any member of the royal familv,
thousands of human beings are slain as attendants
foi the next world.
The Ddhomiiois (who have conquered the fearful
and effeminate Wydahs) predominate along what is
termed the Slave Coast, and in the interior to the
depth of about 200 miles; their rule is equal in l)ar-
barity to that of the .\shantees. The Favteen mnim-
facture cottons interwoven with silk, eartlienwiue,
iron, soap, &c. ; and enjoy a republican form of fjo.
vernment. Other tribes and nations exist, of whom
we do not know even the names.
It is difficult to obtain corrected statements of the
I)opulation of our settlements on this coast. The
most thickly inhabited, by British subjects, is Sirrni
I.eime ; the census of which, at two intervals, was as
follows ; —
Free Tn. & Suburbs
Leopold
Charlotte . .
Bafhurst
filouccbter . .
Regent and Vicinity
Kissey and ditto . .
Wilbertorce . .
Kent and Vicinity ..
Waterloo
Hastings
Wellington ..
York
Leicester
Villages in Peninsula
Peninsula and Isles
Gambia Island
Parish.
St. George. .
St. Peter ..
St. John ..
,"t. Jan\es . .
St. Andrew
St. Charles
St. Patrick
St. Paul ..
St. Edward
.St. Michael
St. Tliomas
Arthur .. ..
.St. Henry .
St. Andrew
St. Anne ..
Total
In 1820.
a \ a
% is
2128, I 0»0
222, HO
12j' 65
2iat no
211 ' 110
S83 »49
39!) I 246
142
1()2
900! 72;
i ?(); bo
I 63
133
I 156
149:
119
338
260
26
535 622
92 ..
32 1
5796 3020
231
103
28
67:
24
19
11
12
131
23,
2
31,
53
79
1311
157
"ij;
20 i
62
28
19'
8
13
192.
478,i
4(i!)
41)!)
vm
wa
m
29()
35;)
UI5
4.ili
2!l-
'ti
I4SI)
n'l
1 1
2027 1 1 678 ym\
In 1833— males, 16785; females, 12979; total, 29764.
Abstract of returns, shewing the number of slaves
captured, emancipated, and registered in the Mixed
Commission Courts at Sierra Leone, since their estab-
lishment, to the fith day of February, 1820.
Captured in 1819, 96; 1820, 4.'i5 ; 1821, 1,399;
1822,2,7.^)3; 1823, fi70; 1824, 1,331; 1825, 1,;;)2.
To Feb. C, 182f), 1,04,5; total, 9,.')02.
Died before Adjudication, 1,4(J2 ; emancipated, but
died before their descriptions could be taken to be
registered, 38 ; delivered over to the Colonial Govern-
ment, not emancipated or registered, 620 ; ciiianci-
pated, but not registered, 2.'')4 ; emancipated and
registered, 7,122 ; total, 9, .502.
At Sierra Leone, the total number of slaves eman-
cipated between June 1819, and January 183.'5, was
27,697.
Many of the colonists possess wealth — some of the
liberated slaves being now worth upwards of 1,000/.
sterling.
lent cottdii,
e country is
councillors.
10 Ashnntecs
neighl)n\irs,
and captivi:s
ir ancestors ;
oyal family,
s attendants
1 the fearful
long what is
;erior to the
qual in bar-
avtci's maiui-
earthenwiuc,
form of 'r;i)-
ist, of whom
Bments of the
coast. The
;cts, is Sicrni
jrvals, was as
n 1820.
5 1 3 ; 2
900! 727 47S,i
7tj; 81)' m
4s' 31 m
63', .13' ■Kill
1331 79 Sti^
156
131)1 1213
231
157 Wi'i
1 103
76: m
28
20! .j(j(i
fi7
021 J5H
24 28 1115
19 I!) 4.'i6
11 8 297
12 13 :<i
131 HJJ NSO
23 .. 113
2 2, 37
2027il67«, '"il
total, 2!)7fiJ-
mber of slaves
in the Mixed
ice their estab-
]i<-2i'>.
1821, 1,390;
; 1825, 1,7M.
lancipated, but
)e taken to be
Dlonial Govern-
62f) ; emanci-
lancipated ond
jf slaves cnian-
uary 183;}, was
1— some of the
ird
s of 1,000/.
SIERRA LEONE.— POPULATION.
Population of Sierra Leone, and Births, Marriages and Deaths, 1836. [B. B.]
»37
3
Whites.
Coloured
Population.
Total.
0. 2
ition to the
are Mile.
County, District, or Parish.
<U
CJ
QJ
tfi
«S
QJ
■73
-a
q5
-a
C 4-1
01 c
3 O"
in
J2
i
4->
Of
<
■a
E
13
13
b
1"°
3
is
s
First Rircr District :
M.
A.
Free Town & Suburbs, St. George
17
8
73
19
5573
4922
5046
4941 1176
622
223
168
209
Kissy, St. Patrick
19
C
2
1
1342
983
1344
984 14
122
46
30
Wellington, St. Arthur
■
■ 1
1209
857 1
f ^
New Lands, ditto .
•38
12
134
82
M719
1162 \ . .
• 75
99
■05
150
Allen Town, ditto .
315
223
J
L ••
6
Second River District :
Hastings, St. Thomas
■ 2
959
794
■
r 89
Fraser, ditto
Rochelle, ditto
•59
6
• •
135
148
128
139
■1320
1130
11
10
■ 41
71
30
87
Denham, ditto
, .
70
09
13
Third River District :
Waterloo, St. Michael
" 1
1110
826
" 48
Calmont, ditto .
384
251
. .
Hcnguama, ditto .
1.53
61
. .
Hastings Road, ditto .
Mocho Town, ditto .
■()1
14
• ••
148
22
99
19
■1968
1374
1
■ 54
57
21
103
Cossoo Town, ditto .
43
33
, ,
Ricketts, ditto .
03
54
19
Middletown, ditto .
44
41
8
Western, or Sea District :
Kent, St. Edward
Kent, ditto
■38
12
002
112
472
■ 714
472 {1«0
. 31
54
4
1
Dublin, Bananas, St. Luke, Dub.
'
"
*408
*383
"
r 6
T
Dublin, ditto ditto
■20
10
■ ..
451
346
■1127
9211-1 . .
■102
31
, ,
•568
Ricketts, ditto ditto
*208
•192
L ••
York, St. Henry
34
IG
"i 1
1388
1192
1389
1193
185
75 81
17
.
First Mountain District :
Regent, St. Charles .
15
, ,
, ,
982
815
982
815
, ,
119 47
17
"
Bathurst, St. Peter and St. James
• 6
■ 1
, ,
757
576
758
576
4
222
42
24
united.
4
Gloucester, St. Andrew
Leicester, ditto
■41
4
1
r
1
498
80
434
87
■ 578
521
/ 1
- 53
36
19
Charlotte, St. John .
, ,
603
488
003
488
"1
.
20
11
Second Mountain District :
■270
Wilberforce, St. Paul's
■ 1
639
370
■ 8
"
'15
■
Congo Town, ditto
132
109
, ,
1
Murray, ditto
Aberdeen, ditto
■41
14
341
.340
231
200
•1829
1122
1
■ 71
30
25
•41
I.umley, ditto
217
108
'7
, ,
Goderich, ditto
•
153
104
. • •
•
7
-
-
Total ....
389
106
83
22
19895
15678
19978
15700
1785
96
891
447
1387
* School children.
Out of a total population of 37,463 in the colony, there are but 105 white colonists. The proportion of females
to males is, in the whites, scarcely more than one-fourth. In the coloured inhabitants, the sexes are nearly
balanced. The number of mouths to the square mile is, in some districts, large (comparatively speaking) ;
but in the whole colony the average is but 96 to the square mile. The proportion of deaths to births is
considerable ; and, but for the fact of many of the captured slaves dying soon after their liberation from the
ill-tieatment they experienced while in the hands of the slave-dealers, the table would indicate a rapidly
increasing population.
3z
^.
i
>;;■•
6.'J8
Sir.RKA LEONE.— RELIGION.
VI. The following table shews the large extent of religious instruction provided for the liberated slnvrs,
and judging by the column which indicates the number of the congregations usually attending the i;es|)cctivc
places of worship, at least an external observance of the form of religion is preserved. The table of crime at
page 540, does not prove a large amount of crime; and it is but fair to conclude, that the Christian edbrts
of the missionaries are attended with beneficial results.
Churches and Livings of Sierra Leone. [H. D. iH.Tfi.]
C
Name of each
Parish.
Population
of each
Parish.
Church
where
situated.
No. of Perso
it will
contain.
No. of Perso
generally
attending.
Chapel
where
situated.
No. of Perso
it will
contain.
No. of Perso
generally
attending.
Dissenting
Places
of worsliip.
St. George
117(;:}
Water-str.
Freetown.
COO
200
Gibraltar Hamlet
Free-town.*
150
147
iHf
St. Patrick
2327
Kissy
Town.
800
800
....
••
•■
1
St. Arthur
2881
. . .
..
..
Wellington.
550
500
1
St. Thomas
2450
. . .
,.
..
Hastings.
600
252
1
St. Andrew
St. Andrew
1101
Gloucester.
700
700
1
.
Leicester.
70
35
none
St. Charles
1797
Regent.
800
760
St. Peter and St.
James .
l.'?,34
Bathurst.
500
543
St. John .
loyi
• .
• •
..
Charlotte.
300
160
nonet
r
Wilbcrforce.
, ,
80
St. Paul .
2951
. . .
••
Congo Town.
Lumley.
Murray.
••
30
50
40
■§
St. Arthur
vide above
. . .
• •
Allan Town.
Newlands.
••
60
100
St. Paul .
vide above
• ■ .
^ ,
, ,
Murray.
350
200
1 '
St. Henry
2582
• • •
..
..
York.
500
280
St. Edward
1186
• * ■
,.
,,
Kent.
150
78
St. Paul .
vide above
. . .
••
r
Goderich.
Waterloo.
173
372
116
284
St. Michael .
3342
• • •
••
Campbell Town.
Rochelle.
••
48
40
'
Congo Town.
300
60
II
St. Paul .
vide above
. . .
••
Hamlet of Pa San-
dee.
Do. Hamilton.
170
140
60
90
St. Henry
vide above
• . •
, ,
..
York.
250
200
, ,
St. Edward
vide above
. .
, ,
, ^
Kent.
300
200
, ,
Dublin .
2048
• • •
• »
••
Bananas.
400
450
* The 18 Dissenting Chapels at Freetown have congregations amounting altogether to 3,850, and arc
supported by voluntary contributions.
t The Gibraltar Hamlet Chapel, superintended by the Rev. T. Raban of the C. Methodist Society.
X The whole of the Clergymen, as well as the day assistants, receive their salaries from the Church
Missionary Society, without any other emolument.
§ The ministers of these Chapels are partly paid from funds raised in the colony from the members,
and partly by the Society in England. They are aided by native teachers who are paid in the like
manner.
II These Dissenting Chapels are supported by voluntary contributions, and Church service is per-
formed in them all.
Name of Parish,
ill what County
District,
St. George, Free
Town.
St. Patrick, Kissy.
.St. Arthur, Wel-
lington.
St. Tliomas, Hast-
ings.
St. Andrew, Glou-
cester.
Leicester.
St. Charles, Regent
The united parishes
ofSt. Peter and St.
James, Bathurst.
St. John, Charlotte
St. George, Free
Town.
Portuguese Hamlet
Congo Hamlet.
Willierforce.
St. Pauls, Murray.
St. Arthur, Wei-
lington.
Allantown.
St. Thomas, Hast-
ings.
St. Michael, Water-
loo.
Goderich, Hamlet.
St. Henry, York.
St, Edward, Kent.
Dublin, Bananas.
* The day schoo
arc chiefly attended
where names and sa
at 'U. per annum.
the whole, including
schools are fcejjt in a
ing to the inhabitants
heing established,
commonly called Qual
liberated Africans,
colony, and liberated
vessels. m Conij
SIERRA LEONE.— EDUCATION.
VII. Schools of Sierra Leone in 18.10. [B. B.]
53!)
bn
i.
a
«
4-i
'.J
c/l
o
t_
1)
CS
O
(/J
a*
js
a
iHt
none
n
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
and arc
:e IS per-
__.
1'^
Ic . .
Name of Parish, and
Salary of School-
Number
of Scholars.
Mode of
3 C m
=^ E S 2
Expenses
in what County or
^l£
master and
Instruction
of each
School .t
District.
Schoolmistress.
Male'
Fm.
Totl.
Pub. Free
School,
Free Town.
Master, 24/. Mis-
tress, 30/.
2.50
147
397
Lancastrian.
Govern-
ment.
£. s. d.
78
St. George, Free
Town.
Seminary,
Toma Bay.
■ Master, 250i.
14
■•
14
Peculiar to
the School.
C. M.S.
Society.
Gibraltar
'
Chapel,
.
131
, .
131
do.
do.
Sunday.
Do. evening
.
24
24
do.
do.
'
Day School.
Master and
201
187
388
St. Patrick, Kissy. •
Evening do.
Mistress
52
• •
52
•Dr. Bell's.
§ do.
Sunday do.
200/.
245
245
490
St. Arthur, Wel-
lington.
Day School.
Evening do.
• Do. do. 150/.
8fi
42
133
219
42
do.
do.
•II do.
Sunday do.
2S2
, ,
282
do.
St. Thomas, Hast-
Day School.
1 Native Teacher
81
61
142
do.
1
Evening do.
50/. under head
4f)
7
53
do.
■Udo.
+
ings.
Sunday do.
master.
103
37
140
do.
■ +
St. Andrew, Glou-
Day School.
Evening do.
Sunday do.
1 Asst. Teacher
123
16
123
246
16
do.
do.
• do.
cester.
150/. do.
12r.
129
255
do.
Leicester.
Day School.
Evening do.
• Master, 22/.
22
31
53
do.
• do.
■
Day School.
Native Teacher
ICO
167
327
do.
St. Charles, Regent ■
Evening do.
22/., under head
9
3
12
do.
■**do.
Sunday do.
master.
106
70
176
do.
The united parishes f
Day School.
Nntivp Tpnrlipr
188
189
377
do.
"1
ofSt. Peter and St.-
Evening do.
r 20/., do. do.
51
51
do.
■ do.
James, Bathurst.
Sunday do.
188
186
374
do.
St. John, Charlotte-
Day School.
Evening do.
Native Teacher
30/.
84
27
91
175
27
do.
do.
■ do.
St. George, Free
I Master and 4
Town.
Free School
assistants.
148
40
188
Lancastrian.
ttj
43 19 8
I'ortugucze Hamlet
Do.
4 Salaried Tchrs.
119
87
206
do.
26 8 11
Congo Hamlet.
Do.
1 Salaried do.
16
7
23
do.
14 9 4
Wilbcrforce.
Do.
3 Do. do.
34
31
65
do.
19 12
St. Pauls, Murray.
Do.
1 Do. do.
42
23
65
do.
13 3 6
St. Arthur, Wel-
lington.
Do.
3 Do. do.
57
76
131
do.
27 8 7
Allantown.
Do,
I Do. do.
29
27
56
do.
9 14 4
St. Thomas, Hast-
ings.
Do.
3 Do. do.
60
52
112
do.
§§412
St. Michael, Water-
loo.
Do.
Head Master.
175
195
870
National.
Gov.
1III40 8
Goderich, Hamlet.
Do.
Ditto.
17
12
29
do.
do.
1I1I13
St. Henry, York.
Do.
Ditto.
161
242
403
do.
do. *
«*2C
St, Edward, Kent.
Do.
Ditto.
102
102
do.
do. t
ttl8 5
Dublin, Bananas,
Do.
Ditto.
300
3915
300
600
do.
do. :
::65
2898
6813
2199 10 6
* The day schools are chiefly attended by colony born children, and the evening and Sunday schools
are chiefly attended by adults and apprentices. There are several native assistants, in each school
wlicre names and salaries arc not mentioned herein. + There is a superintcndant of colonial schools
at ".')/. per annum. % The exact expense of each school cannot be ascertained, the probable amount of
the whole, including the salaries of the assistants, is about 1,800/. § School kept in the Church. || The
schools are kept in a Chapel built by the inhabitants. ^I The schools are kept in a thatched house belong-
ing to the inhabitants. ** Schools kept in the Church. ft Reduced in consequence of other schools
being established. XX Supported by the Wesleyan Methodist Society, aided by the Society of Friends,
commonly called Quakers. §§ Recently commenced. |||| Composed of children born in the colony, and
liberated Africans. ^l^f School kept in Dissenter's Chapel. •** Composed of children born in the
colony, and liberated Africans from slave vessels. ttt Composed of libtr.itcd African boys from slave
vessels.
Composed chiefly of liberated African children from slave vessels.
Si^^i
^.,1
510
SIKRRA. LEONE.— CRIME AND GAOLS, GOVERNMENT AND MILITARY.
VIII. Prisoners of Sierra Lfone throughout the year. [B. R. 183Ci.]
:li
ii , '{(
>"
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No. of Felons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
</i
Male
Fm.
Total.
Mall'
Fm.
Toti.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl
-a
1
IHliS
141
3
144
8
fl
48
48
'24
24
14
14
',
\H'2<J
'.n
2
93
9
9
13
2
15
68
^ ,
68
68
68
4
1
5
6
1 HM)
370
30
400
36
10
46
8
2
10
326
18
341
22
5
27
•>
1
3
I'f
IHIil
700
31
731
21
1
22
9
2
11
270
11
281
34
1
35
18
'>
20
II
1H32
(;oy
M
673
45
2
47
34
10
44
207
27
234
56
3
59
59
10
6'»
f'l
1833
8<)
5
94
11
, ,
11
12
. a
12
42
2
44
3
3
()
1834
448
8
456
140
1
141
244
3
247
64
4
68
66
5
71
11
11
')
1835
414
27
441
79
4
83
170
13
183
52
2
54
52
2
54
61
6
67
n
1836
423
53
476
93
4
97
171
31
202
139
15
154
152
33
185
13
4
17
y
tie, 6 42-poun(ler8, 9 24-dittn, 2 18-ditto, 11 12-(iitto,
18 9-ditto, 5 6-ditto, 26 a-ditto, 2 3-inch mortars, j'
7-ditto : at Accra, 7 18-poundcrs, 5 12.ditto, 4
24-ditto, 9 4ditt() : at Annaninboc, 14 24-pouiidcrs,
8 18-ditto, 7 12-ditto, 12 6-ditto, 14 S-ditto.
Return of the niimber and distrihution of the Effective Force,
Noii-commiHsioneri Olflcers, itaiik and I'lle, nf the Uritisli
Army on the West Coast of Africa, including Colnnml
Corps, in each year since 1815) includioi; Artillery and
Kngincers.
IX. Sierra Leone is governed by a Civil Lieutenant-
Governor, assisted by a Legislative Council of seven
members, all otlicials. There is a Chief Justice and
a Vice Court of Admiralty. Here is also established
the mixed commission for the adjudication of vessels
taken in the slave trade.
The following is the succession of Governors of
Sierra Leone: — J. Clarkson, Esq., superintendent,
16th March, 1792 ; W. Dawes, Esq., 31st December,
1792 ; Z. Macauley, Esq,, pro temp. Ist April, 1794 ;
W. Dawes, Ksq., returns 1795 ; Z. Macauley, Gov.,
1796 ; T. Ludlam, Esq., pro temp. 1799 ; W. Dawes,
4th January, 1801 ; Capt. W. Day, R. N.. 15th Feb-
ruary, 1803; J. Ludlam, Esq., 28th August, 1803;
Ditto, pro temp. 1st January, 1808 ; T. Pcrrinet
Thompson, Esq., 27th July, 1808; Capt. Columbine,
R.N. 12th February, 1810; Lieut. R. Bones, R. N.,
pro temp., 1st May, 1811; Licut.-Col. Maxwell, Go-
vernor-in-Chief, 1st July, 1811; Lieut. -Col. M'Car-
thy (Lieut.-Gov.), 11th July, 1814; Lieut. -Col.
M'Carthy, Governor-in-Chicf, 29th November, 1815 ;
Capt. Grant, 2nd W. I. Reg. pro temp. 25th July,
1820; Brig. -Gen. M'Carthy, Govcrnor-in-Chief, from
20. N. to 20. S. latitude, 28th November, 1824.
Major- Gen. Turner; Major-Gen. Sir Niel Campbell;
Col. Denham ; Licut.-Col. Lumley ; Major Ricketts;
Col. Findlay ; Mr. Temple ; Major Dundas Campbell,
1834; Lieut.-Col. Doherty, 1837.
The African corps consists of 20 officers and 511
non-commissioned officers and rank and file ; the
charges for which in the army estimates are 14,20oi.
The ordnance at three of our forts in Western
Africa was, in 1815, as follows : — at Cape Coast Cas-
Effective state of the Regular Troops serving on the Western Coast of Africa, on the 31st December,
1836. [B. B.]
Officers present or on detached duty at
the station.
a
"r
1^
B
1
a
s
at
it
c
S
<
a «
C
3
2
c
—
—
ISlti
2
4
14
7
1
, ,
2
,53
iwi;
6
8
y
1
1
57
ISI8
2
b
2
1
, ,
2.'>
181!)
..
1
6
1
1
, ,
, ,
21
1H2(I
2
2
4
1
, ^
24
1821
..
a
3
s
, ,
20
18-22
3
3
5
, ,
17
I8a:i
5
4
1
30
ISvi-J
4
/
6
, ,
, ,
, ,
2
32
1825
1
10
7
, ,
3
40
1821'
ti
10
3
1
2
,5{i
1827
7
11
9
. ,
2
57
IH28
..
5
lU
7
,,
2 : 37
1829
4
9
1
.. ; 4,5
18;to
a
3
3
, ,
, ,
, ,
I 1 2fi
l8;tl
2
3
4
, ,
1 ! 19
181)2
3
6
2
..
, ,
1 13
183a
••
4
7
3
••
•'
26
t>
a
At
t
•g
a
h
t
g
:A
a
s
Q
»
2(1
9!)i
20
!)55
10
m
!l
M
13
.1:5
11
»I3
10
:ii)j
15
.ViH
16
6,11
21
8I1I
16
I III]
17
101)1
16
lOIIJ
14
;3S
5
413
4
MS
4
MS
4
452
S
Effective Strength.
Rank and File,
Stations.
Commanding
Officers at each
Station.
Corps or Detach-
ments composing the
Garrison
of each Station.
11
^0
en
Captains.
Subalterns.
♦J
3
W
t
To
0^
3
l-i
s.
■3
Sierra Leone
Gambia . .
Isles de Loss
Ensign Kirk .
Capt. Abbot .
Capt. Berwick .
Capt. Perry
R. C, 1st U. I. Regt.
2ndU. I. Regiment
Royal African Corps
Total . .
1
1
2
4
1
'2
3
4
2
3
1
7
4
11
13
1
1
5
3
.54; 1
83, 3
135i 8
315' -
12 -
,1,1
86
143
315
12
8
1
5
'
4
36
9
599
12
l-ill
s
g u
o't
r<
0-*
/
I're
1
l-'rc
2
VVil
3
Kis
•"
We
Hate per day w
2.V. i
The nppoin
tinned from tl
Kctiirii of
jUTmanent jiar
lK3(i. Statl' I
I I'ay-master f
snlary actually
rate of daily j)ii
1(W„3 Boys at
126/. 7.«. Goa
jiay— 1 Scrgeai
Privates at Id.
dents, ■)/. 12.«. '
I'Cy/. 4«, Tin-
were discoiitini
1 . Regular Rcvc
'lax on t^atl
» Gen
•> Fish
„ But(
» Woo
)■ Hors
» Auct
n Haw!
Unties and Custn
nient deducted
-'. Rents of Tiir
tJeorgcs' Churc
•'*• Incidental Rev
■!• Repayment of
■i- Receipts in aid
<^- Miscellaneous
"• Deposits availa
^. Liberated Afric
Spirit Licenses
This table shews
returns were made
expenditure is deir
that the colony wa
SIF.RRA LKONK.— nOVKRNMKNT. FINANCKS.
Mt
in-
mers.
iTotl
14
5
3
20
(•)'J
3
11
r.7
17
u
a
;>
C
13
11
fi
'J
y
13
')
1, 11 12-(litto,
L'li mortars, 1
I 12-(littn, .1
24 -pounders,
Aitto.
Effective Force,
I', nf tlio British
luliiiB Coliinial
ig Artillery and
t
-
a
21
S
1i
•3
a
A
Hi
53
57
25
'21
21
'.'(»
17
30
U'2
40
51)
5-
57
■l.'i
•J()
Ul
l:l
28
99>
955
43;)
M
373
305
5M
16 634
810
1105
IO(|l
lOilJ
415
305
a-i
45i
Decemher,
lank and File.
>\
3
■t3
^
^ %
i
•a •-
l^ 1/1
— -
54! 1
f),!
83. 3
86
135; 8
143
U51 -
315
12 -
12
Return nf Mllltin In 1H3(I. [B. U.]
Ji
'It
Effuctlvc HtrrnKth neciirdlnijto the
Krnm
lait muntiir In May, 1H3S.
•
61
e
WlllMICC
returned.
(A
a
!
a
I
a
1
1
1
u
1
i
Krei'town .
, ,
•i
-1 r
1
78
1
f'rcctiiwn .
•
1
, .
HO
3
Wllherforce
KIsHy . .
ft
■2
1
• i'
'
4
HI
17
4
WeUini^ton
a
J I
7«
Total
ft
4
8
3
■i
■ill
'2U
3gu
* Vacnnt.
Kate per day when called on duty for training. — ScrgcantH,
2k. I Corporals, Is, (itf.j I'rivate.s, 1.1.
The nppointmt'nt of (luarter-mastcr was discon-
tinued from tiro 1st July, 183(;.
Ketiirn of officers, l)aiKimen, and guards receiving
permanent pay, and of incidents paid during the year
|h3(). Staff and annual salary — 1 Adjutant at 50/,,
1 I'fty-iriasti'r at 50/., 1 Quarter-master at 50/. ; total
salary actually paid in 183fi, 112/. 10*. Hand and
rate of daily pay — 1 Corjiorai at \s. 3(/., 5 Privates at
lOi/,, 3 Boys at 4(/. ; total salary actually jiaid in 1836,
12(1/. 7.«. Goal and Convict Guards and rate of daily
pay — 1 Sergeant at 1,?. Oi/., I ("orporal at lOi/., 10
I'rivates at 7(/. ; total paid in 1835, 24/. 14*.; inci-
dents, 5/. 12.«. 4</.; total charge attending the militia,
l>Ciy/. 4s. The Military, Ciaol, and Convict Guards
were discontinued on the 8th Novemher, 1830, in
consequence of gross neglect and inpfUcicncy, and the
ahove are selected from the militia corps in their
place.
Statement of Military Posts and Works in the Colony of
Hierra Leone In IH.1S. (.U. B.]
Tower Hill llarrackii
Krec Town . ,
lalen de Loss . .
rt o 2 q
ef ;Sj
'3 th'a
10 22
1
12
Hc<icrl|itlon
of Military Works.
1. Kort Thornton,*
Kri'ctowii
2, Kale Jiibridifeltalfcry
:i. IVwer Mill, Hiittury
4. Signal I'ost
* Occupied by the Lieut. -Governor.
X. The expenditure on Sierra Leone was, for the
five years ending 1824,75,000/. per annum ; for the
succeeding five years it was diminished to nearly
half that sum.
In aid of a Parliamentary Grant there are local
duties collected upon imports ; the progress of which
for Sierra Leone is thus shewn (the amount for the
Gamhia will be found under that head.)
Amount of Duties collected upon Imports at
Sierra Leone:— 1812, 1,922/.; 1813,1,528/.; 1814,
l,l(i3/.; 1815, 1, 81(;/.; 181C,, 2,48f;/. ; 1817,3,096/.;
lsl8, 5,124/.; 1819, 4,(;5f;/. ; 1820. 6,153/.; 1827,
4,846/.; 1828,4,191/.; 1830,6,839/.; 1831,7,26.5/.;
1832, 0,457/.; 1833, 6,316/.; in all 1834, 7,170/.
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue of Sierra Leone. — [B. B. 1836.]
Separate Tax or Duty. 1 <\ 1 .
1832.
1833.
1834
1835.
1830. 1837.
1. Regular Revenue. 1 £.
£.
£.
f.
£.
£.
£.
Tax on Cattle slaughtered
130
112
127
126
123
136
„ General Market Stalls
„ rish-mnrket Stalls
„ Butcher's Stalls
792
813
731
629
533
544
„ Wood Market
„ Horses and Gigs
76
78
70
85
104
142
„ Auctioneer's Licenses
, ,
20
60
80
70
50
„ Hawker's Licenses
26
10
9
9
■ •
18
Duties and Customs on Imports, charges of Manage-
6443
5468
5781
5739
.5402
5024
ment deducted.
2. Rents of Timber Factories and Pews of St.
45
45
45
66
05
8
Georges' Church.
3. Incidental Revenue
708
1187
764
244
432
297
4. Repayment of Advances
, ,
865
276
17
3541
365
5. Receipts in aid of Revenue
5959
6527
6608
5290
0456
5515
f>. Miscellaneous
361
, ,
960
38
1352
7. Deposits available
, ,
, ,
62
97
24
136
8. Liberated African Department
7722
7579
8051
8566
10559
11394
Spirit Licenses
276
1088
549
7.52
642
701
Total
22239
24156
23135
22003
28050
26285
This table shews a slight increase of revenue, which has still further augmented since the last official
returns were made. The following table of the expenditure clearly points out how much of the colonial
expenditure is defrayed by the colony, and how much by the imperial government. It could not be expected
that the colony was to support the liberated slaves landed on its shores.
<^!
:; .ii
J99 12 I '■'"
i s^A ' » I
%M
'MM
-T-T
5VJ SIKRRA I.KONF..— FINANCES
ComiMirttive Yctrly Statement of the Kxpcmliture of Sierra I^one. — [U. 0. \n;\6.]
nil
•i^
II
Sc|mrBti> Head of Kxpciiditiiri'.
1 h:u .
Ih;i2,
Ih:i3.
IH.'IL
183.1.
I8;J0,
IH37.
Ordinnry and Fixed KxpoiiHC't : t.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
f.
1. Civil Kstablishinciit : — I'uid Irotii I'lirliatncntary K.^i
4529
4408
4213
4700
4003
(iraiit.
Ditto from I.ocnl Rrvcnuo
:>403
:)427
423r,
2827
3203
3313
Jiidicini Ivitabiisliinciit ; — Paid from I'arliamentary
i:»;t7
i4i;h
1 100
1H27
17.10
14.12
tirntit.
Ditto from Loral Urvcnuc
1252
20H<J
IDM7
1778
1941
19H8
Kcck'siastical Kstal)li»hiru'nt : — Paid from Parlia-
, ,
.131
,100
12,1
, ,
, ,
nii'ntnry (irniit.
Ditto from l.ociil Revenue
H
100
ll'J
4h!)
32,1
479
'2. Siipplenuntary Cliursi's ; Hills drawn on account
, ,
, .
.19
, .
, ,
Oil
of l'ul)lic Works retiirni'd.
3. Remittances to Colonial Agent
1.1:13
2080
14H8
1223
101,1
2827
•1. Advances to Department
, .
244
. .
1710
1800
30.1
T), lU'paynient of Loans Duties
, ,
, ,
145'J
100
7
120
<). Ditto of Deposits
HI
23
239
, ,
, ,
7. Miscellaneous Kxpenditure
L3H
or,
202
47
38,5
313
H. Liberated African Dcpnrtnient
7478
sir.H
800,1
82.10
10878
II3H,-,
y. Militia ....
ftf.4 1
1411
723
0.10
477
209
Total
22717
20143
2.1032
234H7
27089
2719.1
Onlnnncfl Dcpnrtmcvf, paid hij Grmt Entnin in
1830.— [H. H.J— On account of pay of clerk of
works, 191/.; climate pay, 140/.; pay of barrack-
master and Imrrack-serjeant, 14.1/, ; storekeeper's
expenditure, 72/,; new works, 131/,; buildings and
repairs, 419/.; barrack-master's expenditure, .12/.;
allowance to barrack-master, 91/.: total expendi-
ture, 1,243/. Amount of drafts drawn on tlie mili-
tary chest between 1st January and 31st December
1830, 1,2.13/. nalan';c in hand 31st December Ih.I,'),
not paid in, l,2.1.'i/. Amount paid in as overdrawn
within the period of this statement, 12/.; total ac-
tually received, 1,243/.
Rfrnpitu/iitum of the Eiitahlishme7it.~[n.ll. 1830.]
Paid by Great Britain in sterling money : Civil esta-
blishment, ContiiiRcnt expenditure, 4,3,10/. ; Judicial
establishment, Contingent expenditure, 2,000/.;
Miscellaneous expenditure (Liberated African De-
partment) .1,104/.; total, 11, .114/.
Paid by the Colony in sterling money : Civil esta-
blishment, Contingent expenditure, 2,403/. ; Judi-
cial establishment. Contingent expenditure, l,,14l/, ;
Kcclesiastical establishment. Contingent expendi-
ture, .120/. ; Pensions, 200/. ; total, 4,790/.
Cummissdriat Department. — [B, B. is.TO.] A. Pro-
visions and forage, 1,,110/. ; B. Fuel and light, .17'.;
C. Miscellaneous purchases, ; D. Transport, '
XI. IMPORTS OF
! 10.1/.; K. Pay of extra staff, 4.10/.; F. Military nl-
I lownnccs, 41.1/.; G. Special services, 1,38:;/.; ||.
\ Contingencies, 22/.; 1. Ordnance, 1,2,14/.; K. Ordi-
iiarics, 8,987/. ; L. Pay of Commissariat ollUcrs
M.13/. ; M. Advances to Departments, 17,911/. N.
Imprests Gambia, 9,200/,; O. Rent of mixed Com-
mission Court, 7.1/. : total, 42,2,19/.
A7inli/.ii.s iif the JJishiirsenients, — Army services,
A, B, C, 1), K, F, G, H, K, 13,789/.; Ordnance, 1,
1,253/.; Navy, M, 7,424/.; Liberated African Dp.
l)artment, M, 10,323/.; Mixed Commission t\)iirt,
M, O, 208/. ; Imprests Gambia, N, 9,200/. The
ordnance store-kecjjcr and clerk, draw tlieir home
salaries by bill and debenture on the ordnance at tliu
tower. The regimental officers draw their pay
through their agents.
Estimate of the sum which will be required to
meet the charges of the Civil Establishments ol'
Sierra Leone, from the Ist day of April IkMh to thu
31st day of March 1h39.— Governor, 2,000/. ; Clikf
Justice, 1,500/.; Queen's Advocate, 500/. ; Colonial
Secretary, 000/. ; First writer, 400/. The Governor
of Sierra Leone receives, in addition to his salary, a
civil allowance for the keep of two horses, to he iiscil
by him in his cajjacity of General Superintendent nl
liberated Africans. The Governor also receives the
allowances which accompany his military rank.
SIERRA LEONE.
M
Oreat Britain.
\Ve>t Indies. North America.
United States,
Foreign States.
Total.
is
Val.£'
No.] Tons.
Val. £
No.
Tons.
Val..*
No.
Tons,
Val,,*'
N .
Tons.
Val.^'
No.
Tons.
Val. £
No.
93
Tons.
Men.
18^4
38.198
fi-
1884fi
22714
15
621
16528
11
905
77838
20372
IHM
441)7!)
71
204fi!)
, ,
21958
28
2352
..
11937
4
658
T7i)7i
103
23179
IHVti
5H284
fi8
21()7.'''
1804
a?
3001
1102
H
6127
56190
1113
2,'irt03
I h27
32
12818
.,
11
996
13
2357
50
16171
..
1N2S
■4908
;iH
12774
33fi
. . . .
1927
18
2258
4f)5
2
644
79648
58
151176
H.'kl
1H29
10tiS42
firt
21792
1399
1337
20
2837
308
4
447
10968()
90
2.',07H
l:|-.')
181111
8 170:)
fit
22181
1196
..
2338
24
3378
, .
1605
/
784
8/25 1
95
2ti3i;)
m,
I8:ii
100828
at)
2ii:i8l
1447
12.V2
519
3
401
1022
4
436
104639
"7
22170
US!)
1 HM
H4622
47
I 14
,,
2()87
15
2883
1398
8
1514
515
11
1505
9U26I
81
20816
IlIK
ir:i3
fiH.')46
M
l.i.>3(i
226H
9
121t)
1694
2
333
483
6
938
73264
67
18023
8,1)
I8;i4
V'>!>79
.54
12838
-16 ..
3139
18
4331
369
, .
601
1
138
100454
73
17307
8Hi
181)5
.59891
44
12210
. .
2239
2
286
11S8
3
387
1162
26
4580
1)9310
75
174.13
921
I8:i6
1
9O876
52
15780
■•
521
6
641
2573
3
495
633
"
1456
95800
7a
18372
Orint II
I
'" Val..* N.
1n;|| &1(\M 33
IM.1 54624 7H
IM2II 38950 08
IHJ7I .. 38
IK'J.|| 3917(1 41
IH«) .11:179 17
|H30| II.IIN2I 60
lK;lli 78l|)l
77
|h:|.j| ,13215
«7
N33 .121)00
51
18,11 11805
44
IM1 (10,117
56
mti^ 711H9
ilu
To |.|4cwhcre, 1
Ktports of Dri
From elsewhere, value, 1828, 2,012/.; 1S30, 400/.
1831,8-23/.; 1832,1,030/.; 1833,273/.; 1831,30/.; 1835, 4,86l)/.;
1836, 1,197/.
i«:n.
7
:>
G
3
C)
■.'J
Military nl-
1,HH'^/ .; 11.
!.; K. Urili-
riut nlViccrs,
i7,yn/. N.
mixed Com-
my services,
OrdiiuiKi', 1,
African Dc-
,ission Cimrt,
U.iiOO/. Tiie
their home
Idnnncc at tlie
,v tlicir jiay
rciiuircd to
lisUnRMits of
[l IsHH to till'
1,01)0/.; Cliiif
|o/.; Colonial
|hc Governor
his salary, n
.>?, to be ii^eil
[riiiteivlent nl
receives the
rank.
Tons. Men.
1--1.13 9'}
\M7-i\
10
k, 4,86u(. ;
SIKRRA I.KONE.— COMMKRCK.
EXHUKTH OK HIEKKA I.KONE.
543
Great BriUtn
ln•J,^ Ii4il«
Ihllll 7Hlttl
i-.i'j .^J•il.'l
ih:ii
.VilKIO
.MHIIA
Hl).U7
mA, riiMi)
IIM4
lOltlHI
l|):Ul|l
17:t»7
ISrtlH
UHH7
1.1|I7»
I0UUII
West Indloi.
V»l..* No. Torn
rti7'»
l'.il)7
DllUJ
4HI7
North Amiile«.
V»l.* No.' Toni,
Mill
>»7«
i.t ai6o
3 316
■itU\
4;ui
4SUU
•J7
'i7
17
iNim
Unlttd ntatM.
V«l. f No. Ton*
Am
i<44
I if)
Fortlrn KtatM.
V«l. £\ No.! Ton*
00>
■ioo
UUH
IW
lilii
iii.i.t
H.tri
l.'.lio
41(1
aiM.iii
lllllH
lOII'J
a7H(l
Total.
VmX.i
No.
Ton«.
Mtll.
(l,V.'tll
rtH
l:ti)llt
SMUO.^
II!)
•JftJilN
, ,
44.ti:i
Iii:l
'.l.tHO:!
«7
4 IH'JM
, ,
IM4'J
7:1
1 Titm
U:u
^7hM
7^
IH4III
H7;i
7i»7ll 1)1
■i-JH74
1191
HTJHI) 1(17
■i|)7'i4
I4rt:i
AMU'JOl N.f
'iii7J0
l<i|):i
,^7ltH »l.^
I7.'H»
7l)l»
.^H174 H.I
l!)im
1»74
ii(i!)ii:t' {)i
'iiiDirl
IIIJ
7iVV
r
luum
loyj
Toil'ewlicre, I8'J8, l,.180/. ; ISao, 1,481/. ; ISai, 4:17/. ; 18;H, 1,407/. I I8.ia, l.XIH/. ; 1H;M, :ilfl/.i IHW, I,.139/. • 18J(I, 7;)8/,
Kxjiorts of British I'roduce and Manufactures from the (fiiited Kinjjdom, in IHJ'J, to the Western Coast of
Africa, distinguishing their Quaiititii^^ and Value.
20;t72
■
nai-li
" ■
'i.'irtoa
■
ltil7i
" ■
i.'i'i;''
^1
•i.Mi7li
v.m m
•Jtiai;i
^
2'2i;n| HMI H
•iimlfii iiix H
1 IBU'ial D7>« ■
i7au;
n.)l ^H
Q
lantities Exported.
Olllcinl Value of Exports.
A R T I C L 1: S
V. X P R T E I).
lag
III
OS S s «3
II
tt 3.SS
K- <-• ^
111
*• J. •
J3 '2
3 2 a5
* 5 u tf
|2i
S S !« ^
|c32l
•<
,«> 5 CS!
^•2l
i
tn
1?
t/5
?•
u
u
H
Apparel and Slops
,.
£7172
£10
£670
£1333
£9186
lirnss and Copper . cwt.
.328
10
77
242
1637
45
360
1162
3205
Cottons . . yards
558187
119484
551908
r.8i3f.i
41501
8961
40049
51068
141581
Hosiery, I.acc k small Wares
, ^
, ,
, ,
218
, ,
, ,
, ,
218
(liass and Earthenware
. ,
• .
. ,
878
13
139
931
1962
Guns and Pistols . No.
21151
29r)0
14585
379.55
15783
2220
10938
28466
57408
Gunpowder . . lbs.
.357(;04
25000
230400
l.')49350
10H02
755
6960
46803
65321
Hardwares and Cutlery, cwt.
420
2
43
1194
1157
5
119
3285
4567
Iron, wrought & unwrought,
tons ....
527
20
151
1157
8647
210
2220
11684
22762
Lead and Shot . . tons
8
4
35
4
85
47
369
45
.548
Leather, wrought and un-
wrought
•
• ,
• .
772
174
. .
947
Linens . . yards
3fi502
3818
1853
1736
178
79
1994
Salt . . . bushels
.■58140
, .
141700
1279
. ,
4723
6003
.Soap and Candles . cwt.
500
20
270
1795
69
810
2675
Stationery of all sorts . .
, ,
, .
9. ".8
44
1002
Sugar, refined . cwt.
199
14
2C)1
590
41
47H
1110
Swords and Cutlasses No.
1C193
400
12162
4048
100
3040
7188
Wood, viz.
Staves and Casks . packs
170
200
1285
10747
113
50
756
7164
8084
Woollens . . pieces
190
3
228
40
934
13
435
180
1552
Ditto . . yards
800
• •
80
650
53
5
48
107
Hosiery and small Wares .
• •
, .
. .
. ,
161
3
66
1323
15.54
All other Articles
• *
• *
• •
■ .
7560
133
2095
1588
11377
107882
12468
65791
164218
350361
Exclusive of the above, we exported in 1829 to
Western Africa 16 1,43 H. worth of British, colonial,
and foreign merchandize, making a total of 511,792/.,
which is now considerably increased.
As near as I can ascertain, (gold not being entered
at the Custom-house) the following are the importa-
tions of African gold for three years; weight after
melting, taken from the refiner's books.
lbs. oz. dwt.
£. s. d.
For 1832.
.1,866 4 12 at 77s. 9d.
87.066 15 7i
1833.
. 1,712 8 12 at do.
79,828 4 7i
1834.
. 1,691 4 14 at do.
78,902 8 4J
5,270 5 18 245,868 8 7$
The quality is generally above standard, making
the actual value about 4/. per ounce.
r.jj
SI KH HA I.F.ONK.— rOMMKRCK.
rriiii'ipal nrtidcs of Kxport from SiiTin l.i-our — yoms ending ftth of Jiimmiy.
Articles.
1Sl>7.' IH2S.
18L>!»
1 s:t()
' ih:u. i«:i2.
ih;i:i.
18;m.
i8:(.'->.
lH;tC,.
18H7
t
TiniliiT, londs
10711' mil
is;»s;i'l'Ioih
1771
ICiK.M
!I22.'{
Cam Wdod, tons .
:,:,() :m<:\
:><j'2 (Ml
'.»7.')
\>\\
800
I'nlin Oil, mdlons .
27011 7")tl7(;
t. ;i(;i|c. ;«'.i7
C. 180
c. 512
'.)28
Ivorv, piwi's
L'K.^S 2711
X\'.tH
uni.^
.:.;)'.>;»
7»>1
8.') 8
Rice, tons
■M)-2 107
•-'00
78*
87.^
78.',
.'■..'■.8
Rees' Wax tons
11 l\
c. i;t:i
c. ir.2
c. ;<!»Ci
c. 87
28!)
Gold, oz.
l.'iO £100(10
No returns.
. ,
, ,
oz. 201
oz. .^0
boxes, 2
Ox Hides, No.
.'•.(wO IJIl
l.'iHS.'i
(I.t 1 1
28<)i)7
t\sA 1
I88r.f>
Horns ....
• • • •
i';ui()
.'Ul'iO
r)8io
ir.8o
lr;i70
Copal Gum, casks .
HI
18
<M'>
ia,3
87
197
Ginger and Arrowroot .
• • ' . •
, ,
CO
2'.)0
i;t<)
•M7
Coll'ee, lids.
:<
T) . .
. .
C>
Pepper, pipes
.. i :t
10 '»(■>;>
2;io
:«2C.
200
Indip), Tortoise-shell,
Planks, India Rubber, |-
Hemp, S;c. . J
Various (lunntities.*
Total value of
Kxpoi
ts, il
7107r,
i
><U'80
.')8<.(20^
■>71<'.l
r>8l74
* It is (lillicult to state the trade accurately, because the denoinination of the Kxports varies to ditlViciit
countries. — I. stands for Ioii.h, c. for rasks.
The principal exports from .Sierra l.cone it) IH.'M,
wciC in (piantity and value thus -.—arrowroot ■l.'i,,'M4
lbs., value 7.")(')/. ; dye nud hard woods 827 tons, vale.e
10,010/.; ginger 1 1,1)00 lbs. value 20.'i/. ; gum copal
jinekages 11)7, value ()7.'!/. ; hides, no. 1.'),S70, value
1,1.'''S/.; ivory, 710 pieces, value '.'70/.; Oil, palm,
•)2,(*87 gallons, value ■\,CC<'>1. ; pepper, .'<.">, 120 lbs.,
value, .'il2/. ; rice, 1,77C>,'.m;o lbs., value 7,">'.»0/. ;
tobacco, '.»,000 lbs , value 1 10/. ; wiix, bees', (sHUiilbs.,
value 27("i/. ; timber, i;i,227 loads, value ;tH,or„></. ;
boards and planks, 25,210 feet, value K'll/. ; shingles,
no. 100,000, value .^OO/. ; bullicm, gold, 21 l.^ oz.,
value, 7t)l/.; the total value of the exports were
('iri,.'').'>8/. of which the amount to Great Britain was
51,2.11/.
1 cannot better illustrate the mere commercial im-
]iortance of the liritish settlements in \Vest Africa
than by placing before the reader the following
luminous anil truly patriotic statiiuent, drawn uj) by
M. Korster, Ks(i., (of the mercantile lirm of I'orstcr
and Smith, New ('ity Chambers) in a letter addressed
to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. The ollieers
of the Colonial Ollice are ipudilied to judge whether
the assertions herein u\ade are in the slightest degree
exaggerated. The letter is dated the '.lib .lanuary,
18;<2.
" Attempt.-; have been frecpiently made to depre-
ciate the commercial importance of our settlements
on the west coast of Africa, compared with the cost
of ninintaining them: and conceiving that |iurliament
and the public are not fiilly aware of the natvn-e arrl
extent of the trade dependent on these settlements, 1
have taken the liberty of drawing up a statement
shewing the hcnelit arising from them to the revenue
and national industry of this country, which I have
the honour herewith to aiuiex for your Lordship's
inspection.
" The annual direct and indirect advantages to the
national indivtry from the trade, I estimate as per
statement No. 1, nt ''.'^,2^-il. l!).v., and the animal
benefit to the revenue as ])er statement No. 2, at
207,873/. IXi. exclusive of ship-building nuiterials
and labour, as also of sonic other minor sources of
national benefit not enumerated. The total gain to
the indu.stry and revenue of the mother country i-nij.
not be less than ('lOO.OOO/. per amiuin.
" Within the last 20 years the increase in the tnuli
in palm oil, timber, and bees' wax, has been mtj
great. Attempts are making; in (iambia anil elso.
whereon the coast to introduce tlu' eultivalimi ol'
some articles of produce new to the trade of Alrii-ii;
but these luileavours require time, on aeeoiuit of tin-
inieidighteneil stale of the natives, the very recoiit
abolition of the slave trade, and its partial cimtjiiiiami'
by other natiotis. In several eases, however, thenii-
fives have proved themselves eiipable of eutirtninini;
new ideas of trade and cultivation more readily thiiii
might have been expected. The trade in teal timlu'r
for ship building was unknown in .Africa 2i> yriirs
ago; the aiu'ual importation of that article rinm
Sierra l.cone at present is from 15,000 to 20,0(10 loiis
of British shipping amuially.
" l''iftecn yens ago, it was not known that lUiilio.
gany grew in the Gambia; since that period si'\cral
thousands load of mahogany have been imiiorted into
Knghmd fro'.u onr settlement on that river; uiui
although the natives would not at lirsl cut ami |in'-
paie it for shipping, they are now willing to .siipiily
any (luantity of it which tins market n\ay reiiiiiiT.
The low price of Honduras nuihogany, however, n'li.
dors it impcssible to atl'oril any cucourageimnt to
their indus ly in this article at present; hut tlusr
instances a'l'ord pleasing and conclusive prnol's tli.it
the natives will turn their attention to trade wluiuvor
the opportunity is all'orded them.
" The annual cost of our settlemcntson the Westorii
coast of Africa, as respects the protection of our
commerc'c, exclusive of those expenses iiuiiliiiliil to
the suppression of the slave trade, which oii!;lit not
to be charged to the account of thosi' possessions, is
better known to bis Majesty's (Jovermneut tlmii to
me ; but 1 may venture to assume that it bears hut n
trilling, indeed insignificant, proportion to the iiilviin-
lages derived from the trade : and those settlemcnti
are to lie considered not with reference totlu'ir|HT-
sent value alone, but to their future iinpiirlaiin »<
outlets to British manufactures, when time slnill linM-
removed some of those difficulties which at prisiiit
ih;«c..I hi^T.
ivii's til ilitlVvoiii
ihiT country oiiii-
in.
\, l\iis l)iH'i\ viiy
iiuiib'm rttiil 'l^^'-
;lu' iHiltivutioii ol
u- trails' >'f Mricii;
on i\i-i'oiint ol llu'
s, the vt-iy rccnil
lUWtinli'ontiiiuuiia'
liowovor, tbo mi-
,U- 111' rnt>'il.>i"i"K
iiuin' u'iulily tliim
i-.ili- in ti'iiV timluT
n Al'i-ica 20 ycnrs
that mlii'lo ffim
)0t) to 20,(KH> toii»
llmt iic'vui'
lu'cn iniimi'
nown Hint miilw-
l si'veral
toil iiilx
tluVt V1VIM-, ""'I
fust i-nt nw\ ini'-
vviitinf; '» »"in'iy
L-ki't niiiy roiniiri'.
Imv, tiDWCvi-r, ivii-
IMl'l'OUVlWl'lO^'"' '"
Ivi'si'nl ; lHi< "»*
IlllSlVO \1V
mil's tlwt
o tnuli' wliriiiv
Ltsontlu'NVi'sti'm
Ipri)ti'i:ti«iii ol' ""t
l„s,-s inriili'i't'il to
1 whii-h iiimli' I""
l,sc imssfssiiiiis, 1^
Lcnniu'nt tlinn t"'
Itlmt it '"''>'■' *"'' "
lliont.itliiMi.lva"-
1 tliiisi- si'tllnnfii'^
L„ci' t(itli.'ir\m'-
L-p iiiii»'iiiim''' I"
len tinir sl.all li"*^
Iwhii-li »t 1"'''"''"'
SIKRIIA I.EONK
iilistnict the tifith'. Tlio poliry of most foiTi);n
Uiucinnu'Dts is <llivcti>il ai;iiinst our connni'irc, flu-
iukiiiiwli'itgoil simrco oC ou iintioimi powi-i'. Tlu'
ti'iiiloiinl i-xtoiit 111' till' Hrivish islmiils is too limitoil
I'viT to liiivi- rnisi'il this oinpin' to its pii'si-nt pioiul
im-riiiiiu'iifi" in tin" scali' of nations, witlioiit tlii' iiiil
111 luaniil'ai'tiiros nnd foioinn trndi"; i-onsi'ipii<iitly I
liinnlilv siiliniit, that I'vcry foiriijn si'tth'ini'iit wliirii
i;ivi's I'ai'ility to tlit> snU- of liritish a;oo<ls, is to lip
estiiiiati'il not only witii rpfi'ivncp to tlip iliri'pt
iimiiuiit of ri'VpniiP rppoivpii on tiip piodnrp iniportpil
tVoiii it, hut still nuirp liy thp piiiploynipiit it aH'ords
toiiiir iiiamil'aptnrors, aitizans, anil shipping. With-
imt a lar;;p iiianiifactnring popnlation, tlip rpvi-nno
ni'iH'ssarv to pay tlu" iiitpipst of thp national dplit and
till' niiiiual post of tlip civil nnd military pstahlish-
iiuiils iif thp country cannot lip raised; hpiicp the
vast iniportancp of nur forpign possessions, which a
iKii liiuitpil view of our colonial policy leads some
|u'isiiiis to inidervalup.
" Strikioi; out of thp pnlilic estimates every ehar^p
lifloii'.;inj; to thp npcoiint of the slave trade, 1 do not
iliiiik tin" annual cost of maintaining; our settlements
Dii till' western ponst of Africa exceeds from 'Jfi.OOO
III :U1,(H)0/. per annum, prolialily not so much, while
llii' imtioiial i;ain is considcralily nliovc half a million
iiiT ai.iuim. It is n common error to ri'Knrd those
si'itli'iiu'iits in the lij;lif of polonips having; a taxalilp
liopiilalion, from which they may bp pxpccted to raise
n ri'veniie sniVicient to maintain theinselve-t ; liiit the
I'lii't is, that nothinf; can ypt hp raispil from the natives
fur tlii'ir support, while thp protpction thpy all'ord is
iiiilispi'iisahlp to the protection of our trade; n tradp
I'Vi'ii new important, nnd which time may render of
iiii'iiliMilahle value, when thp ctrpct of tin- sinvp tradp
sliall have ceased to exercise its bnncful inlUiencp over
llii' native population.
" Ni'itlipr is it rpasonablp or politic to require indi-
viiliiiils trading on thp coast to contribntp towards
lliiir maiiitpiiaucp lipyond tlip diitips tlipy at pipseiit
(iiiy to the colonial funds on thp ijoods tlipy import
I'niin I'.nstland, and the personnl services they are
I'lilk'd upon to rpndpr as militianipn in dpl'piipp of tlip
torts, I hombly submit, that Hritish subjects arc as
iiuirli I'litiiled to niotection in carrying on a trade, by
wliicli the national industry is benptitpd, in .Africa as
nt lioiiii'. In ap\ilying their industry, and riskiiiR
tlii'ir capital and hcnlth in n tradp pivinR employment
mill profit to their pountrympii at home, and by which
till' iinlioiial revenue jjains so larp:ply, thpy may surply
ant only riaim the iirotection but the pratitiide of
their country. Upsides which, you cannot invest in-
ilividiials with n property in public works ni'pessary
fur till' defence of our trndiii^ companies in .\frica.
hiiliviiliials chalice, but the advantaije is national and
pi'iainiu'iit, and so should be the protection.
" Hy iiphuldiiii; these forts on a footing to com-
iniiiulllio respect of the natives, our (iovernors in
I iiari,'i' of them may render the most iinportant spr-
1 ill's ill carryiiij; into elVect the convention recently
loiii'liiili'il with France, for the aupprpssion of thp
trnilc ill sluvps, tlip dup execution of which treaty
inniHit I'ail to produce elfpcts as favourable to the
iiiiili' mill c'vilization of Africa, as to the cause of
liiminniiy, now hourly violnted by the continuance of
ilii' triiiru', Krance, America, Holland, nnd l)en-
i"irk, have each their settlements on the const,
wliicli they evince the utmost anxiety to refain nnd
fiiioiirnp. Our scttlenients ou the (lold ("oast cost
lati'ly only 1,0(10/., and are now reducpil, I under-
>'iiiiil, to H,;iOO/. \ier annum ; and this is the sole
I A
-COMMI'.IU'I'..
•1.')
expense of protectini; n valiinblp trade. The Puicli
settlemeni of l'',hiiina, which is only seven miles from
our si'ttlempiit nt Capp ("oast ('astlp, posts tlip
Dutch an ei|iinl sum to ours, while Holland has not
one-twentieth part of the trndp on the tiold Const
that we have.
" It should be boriip in mind that pvpry artiple im-
ported from Africa is in exchange lor goods, and
that consequently it is one of tlip vpry fpw Ipgiti-
matp trades remaining to this country. 'Ihe article
of palm oil, which has increased so ninch of late
years, can be obtained only in .\fricn, nnd is already
pxt"isivply iispd as a substitutp for Russian tallow
in 'ii ■ manufacture of soap, ,\c. ['I'lu're arp JO, 000
sti'aii; engines in the Unitpd Kingdom, and each en-
gine requires two casks of tallow per aniiiim. 'I'liis
iin..,pnse I'onsumiition of tallow renders the trade in
palm oil of great consequence to this country, as u
substitute for tallow in the ninnnfucture of soap. —
U. M. M.J
" 'riie reciiit additional duties imposed on Uritish
goods iminiited into the Russian niarkit, may suggi'st
to us the policy of cherishing a trade which consnines
the products of our national industry without limitn-
tion or restraint by hostile taritts.
" I'll!' abolition of the slave trade took elfeet on the
1st of March. 1H0,>^. 'rwenty-threc years is too short
a period to ell'ect a change in the character and pur-
suits of a people Piirriiptcd by three centuries of war
and cruelty coiisequent on that tralllc, and whose
kings and chiefs have licen taught by the sordid
slave dealers of enlightened l'".urope to despise and
neglect the pursuits of hgitiiiiatp commerce, in lavour
of a trade in the persons of their people. Let, how-
ever, those chiefs be eonvineed by experience that
they will gain more by the labour of their |ipiiple at
home, than by the sale of their persons for expor-
tation, and you lay at once the foundation of a lu-w
systpiu ipidi'v wliieh war and treachery shall give
place to the regenerating iiilluence of ppaceful in-
ilustry. I'',iiriipe owes to Africa a heavy debt for the
crimps that have been coniiiiitted under the slave
trade. Kngland has been the first to olfcr payment
of lipr iiortion ol that tlpbt, and she will not only
have the high poiisolations of humanity for her re-
ward, but probably, at no very distant period, the
advantages of a trade with Africa, of which it is dilVu
cult nt present to foresee the extent."
No. I.
.\nnunl value of Exports from London, Liverpool,
and Uristol, to the West (^i ast of Africa, between
the (iambia and Angola, calculnti'd from the
amiiimt of Shipments by the several Merchants
trading to the Coast from those places.
A few introductory reninrks may be necessary to
render these tables niorp clearly understood by tliosp
who havp not bppn accustomed to estimate the iiii-
portauce of our foreign and colonial trade on the
|iriiiii|iles on which they are drawn np. Perhaps
I cannot more clearly illustrate thosp principles than
by the fiillowing examples: — Let us suppose two
cargoes of Hritish manufactured goods to be spiit to
Canada, one consisting of cotton fabrics, and the
other of hardware articles. In the case of the former
we may assume that the average cost of the i-otton
wool of wliicli Hie goods are made is about 'J"i per
cent, of the export value, the remaining Itt per cent.
having been nilded to the value of the raw material
by the aiiplication of Hritish capital and labour, and
is tlierel'ore so much value gained to the national
wealth and industrv. In the case of the hardware
U:
Ill
I
546
SIERRA LEONE— COMMERCE.
cargo, the iron of which the articles are made being
a native production, we may assume that the total
value is an actual creation of national capital and
labour. Many persons limit their notions of the
importance of our colonial and foreign trade to the
profits of the exporter who ships the goods abroad,
whereas that is a point scarcely worth considering
compared with the advantage to the national indus-
try in manufacturing them. Hence the importance
of keeping open every possible outlet for the con-
sumption of our manufactures, without which our
capital and artizans must lie idle, the revenue fall off,
and the wealth and power of the nation rapidly decay.
In addition to this it may be stated, that as every
thing which the capitalist and labourer who produce
these goods consume, is taxed either directly or indi-
rectly (which tax is included in the cost of produc-
tion), you virtually obtain the help of the foreign
consumer to pay your taxes, or in other words, you
make foreigners contribute towards the national
revenue.
London and Bristol Exports. — Amount of colonial
goods, 58,000/. ; ditto foreign ditto, 52,000i. ; ditto
British manufactures, 213,000/. Total, 323,000/.
The principal articles in these exports are Man-
chester cotton, and India piece goods. The freight,
insurance, &c. particularly of the teak timber, hides,
palm oil, and those articles collected in the floating
trade, compose a large portion of the gross import
value of the returns.
Liverpool Erports. — Colonial goods, 13,000/.;
British ditto, 102,500/.; foreign ditto, 5,500/. Total,
121,000/.
The exports from Liverpool are chiefly for the
palm oil trade, and the cargoes are differently as-
sorted from those shipped from Bristol and London.
The freight, insurance, &c. of the shipping employed
in the trade, constitute a large portion of the returns
compared with the value of the exports.
Estimate of National Profit thereon. — On colonial
goods amounting to 71,000/. the value of British
labour in transit and other charges (including pro-
fits) may be estimated at 30 p^i cent, thereon (on
some articles, on rum for instance, these charges are
nearer 70 than 30 per cent, and the average amount
cannot be less than my estimate), 21,300/. ; foreign
ditto, 57,500/.; ditto, 17,280/.; British ditto,
315,500/., the value of the raw material on an ave-
rage being 25 per cent., leaves 75 per cent, for labour
and manufacturer's profit, 236,625/. The shipping
employed in long voyages in the palm oil and float-
ing trade is about 16,083 tons, which, at the low
estimate of 91. per ton for sailing charges per annum,
amounts to 114,747/. The shipping employed in
short voyages (of six months) in the teak timber and
other trades, about 17,000 tons, at 41. 10». per ton,
76,500/. Deduct for raw material of stores, &c. 15
per cent. 33,187/. Is. Total annual gain to the
national industry, exclusive of ship-buildine
463,234/. 19.«.
N.B. Of this sum of 463,2.34/. 19». one-third may
be estimated as'paid to the revenue in the consump-
tion of exciseable and taxed commodities, consumed
by the labourers and artizans to which the trade
gives employment, amounting to the sum of 154,41 1/,
\3s. carried to Statement No. 2.
No. IE.
Estimate of the annual duty on Imports from the
British Possessions on the West coast of Africa,
between the Gambia and Angola.
Imports, London and Bristol. Gross import value.
Timber, 15,000 loads 127,500/. Duty thereon 7,500/.
Bec's-wax, 200 tons 28,000/. Excise and Customs
8,000/. Hides, 60,000, 12,000/. Duty 500/. Ivorv, 72
tons 25,200/. Duty 1,400/. Palm-oil, 1,200 "tons
36,000/. Duty 3,000/. Sundries, including gum Sene.
gal, &c. 20,000/. Duty 1.000/. Gold, 45,000 oz. at 75.«.
168,750/. Bills 25,000/. Total value 442,450/. Total
Duties thereon 21,450.
Lirrrpool Imports. Pnlm oil, 9,000 tons 270,00ft;.
Duty 22,500/. Ivory, 65 tons 22,750/. Duty .,300/,
Gum copal, 15 tons 200/. Duty 840/. Timber, 3,000
loads 25,500/. Duty 1,500/. Bee's-wax, camwood,
barwood, &c. 25,000/. Duty 1,222/. Gold, 3,000 oz.
11,250/. Total imports 355,400/. Total Duties thereon
27,362/.
Duty on policies of Insurance, 3,150/. Duty, Cus-
toms outwards, 1,500/. Revenue from Labour, as
per Statement No. I. 154,411/. 13s. Total annual
gain to the Revenue from this trade, 207,873/. 13s.
Balance. — Gross amount of imports as per No. 2.
797,853/. By direct annual gain to the Revenue,
brought from No. 2. 207,873/. 13s. Balance of na-
tional industry, being the difference between the sum
of 463,234/. 1 9s. as per Statement No. I, and 1.54,411/.
13s. charged to the Revenue as above, 308,823/, 6j,
Total annual gain to the nation, direct and indirect,
exclusive of ship-building, &c. 516,696/. 19s. Nett
cost of Foreign goods, deducting transit and other
charges 89,450/. Cost of raw materials for English
manufactures, including Iron, Wool, and other ar-
ticles wholly of English growth and production,
78,875/. Insurance, 35,000/. Interest on capital 7t
per cent, returns not in cash on an average in less
than 18 months, merchants in England and traders'
profit in Africa, 77,828/. Total, 797,850/.
Imports from the Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Cape Coast, by one mercantile house, for the years 1832-33
and 1834, will indicate the importance of this trade, which has so often been denied.
Stations.
"6
O
ii
1
£ o
O
e
2
8
5
2
1
a
8
3
D
o
Q
It
3 2
i
Q
oz.
tons
No.
cwt.
Ids.
tons
cwt.
lbs.
No.
No.
lbs.
tons
Ids,
From River Gambia .
2938
679
65353 3605
892
2
1818
12179
, .
, ,
, ,
.,
Gold Coast
23597
, ,
17
, ,
848
54435
10578
998
1638
Sierra Leone
829
••
4400
54
3676
892
26
680
3025
••
••
•■
300 8,1
Total .
27364
679
69753
876
2498
69639
10578
998
1638
300
1
85
* The annual importations of palm oil are now upwards of 12,000 tons, which, at the market price of 2W.
per ton, amounts to 330,000/. per annum ; giving constant employment to 14,000 tons of shipping.
Summary.-
109,456/.; G
57,715/.; hid
wax, 3,676 c\
bia wood, 892
oil, 876 tons,
tons, at 20/. pi
Liverpool, toi
London, Brist
. This table does n
's very difficult to i
the trade of the wes
able portion of the
system of « adventu
floating trade." A
with her cargo, to tl
fcts as supercargo,
backwards and forw
fargo, in barter wit
'""ne. Ontheabol
nployed in
timber ami
)s. per ton,
)re8, &c. 15
ain to the
ip-building,
e-third may
le consump-
s, consumed
h the trade
of 154,41 U.
rts from the
st of Africa,
import value,
lereon 7,500/.
and Customs
■)0l. Ivory, 72
1, 1,200 tons
ng gum Sene-
000 oz. at 7.it.
12,450J. Total
tons 270,000(.
. Duty .,300/.
Timber, 3,000
vax, camwood,
Gold, 3,000 oz.
Duties thereon
i02. Duty, Cus-
om Labour, as
Total annual
[207,873/. 13s.
•ts as per No. 2.
) the Revenue,
Balance of na-
etween the sum
I, and 154,4111.
, 308,823i. 6j.
•ect and indirect,
igGZ. 19s. Nett
ansit and other
irials for Englisb
1, and other ar-
ind production,
ist on cayjital 1\
average in less
and and traders'
l638| •• •■
300! 85
16381 300' 85
Irket price of 2?'.
lliipping-
SIERRA LEONE.— COMMERCE.
547
Summary. — Gold, 27,364 oz., at 4/. per oz.,
109,456<. ; Gum, Senegal, 679 tons, at 85/. per ton,
57,715/.; hides, 69,753, at 5*. each, 17,438/.; bees'
wax, 3,676 cwts., at 7/. IDs. per cwt., 27,570/. ; gam-
bia wood, 892 loads, at 10/. per load, 8,920/. ; palm
oil, 876 tons, at 30/. per ton, 26,280/. ; rice, 125
tons, at20/. per ton, 2,500/. ; elephants' teeth, 69,639
lbs., at 4s. per lb., 13,928/.; dollars, 10,578, at 4«.
4(1. per dollar, 2,292/. ; doubloons. 998, at 75*. per
doubloon, 3,742/.; guinea grains, 1,638 lbs., at Is.
per lb., 82/. ; camwood, 300 tons, at 20/. per ton,
6,000/. ; teak timber, 85 loads, at 10/. per load, 850/.
total, 276,773/.
ImportatI
ons of Palm Oil
since 1828. — (Brokers
Circular, Jackson.)
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
Liverpool, tons
London, Bristol, &c.
5656
570
8290
600
9930
1070
7100
950
10401
1250
10800
2100
11400
1250
Total
6220
8890
11000
8050
116.50
12900
12650
Duty reduced in July 1834 from 2s. 6d. to Is. 3d. per cwt.
The total of our commerce with Western Africa for 1829, (the latest return in a complete view before
me) was as follows —
Imports into the United Kingdom in 1829, from the Western Coast of Africa, distinguishing their quantities
and values.
OilUl.
^H
e years 1832-33 H
■
■6
■
i? %
^l ■
■Z^ ■
DO
u
^ ■
___-
' ^H
lbs.
tons
Ids. H
Quantities Imported.
Official Value of Imports.
ARTICLES
River
coast
ambia
la.
II
e and
from
to the
of the
hels-
oPo.
River
coast
ambia
ia.
1°
C -a
le and
from
to the
of the
hels-
Po.
IMPORTED.
Sierra Leone, the
Gambia, and the
between the G
and the Mesurai
Windward Coast,
the River Mesur
Cape Apollonia.
Cape Coast Castl
the Gold Coast,
Cape Apollonia
Rio Volta.
Coast southward
Rio Volta, with t
land of Fernand
Sierra Leone, the
Gambia, and the
between the G
and the Mesura
Windward Coast,
the, River Mesur
Cape Apollonia.
Cape Coast Cast
the Gold Coast
Cape Apollonia
Rio Volta.
Coast southward
Rio Volta, with 1
land of Fernand
3
£.
£.
.£
£.
£.
Coffee .
lbs.
1327
, ,
, ,
6760
82
, ,
, .
422
505
Dye and hard woods, viz.
Barwood
tons
, ,
..
, ,
246
, ,
, ,
9871
9871
Camwood .
tons
103
, ,
, ,
15
825
, ,
127
952
Ebony
tons
, .
, ,
, ,
12
, ,
, ,
201
201
Red or Guinea wood
tons
» ,
, ,
, ,
3
, .
, ,
123
123
Elephants' teeth .
cwt.
318
, ,
636
1238
1912
3820
7432
13165
Grains, Guinea
lbs.
9007
, ,
5302
, ,
131
77
. .
208
Gum, copal
lbs.
12596
, ,
566
423
524
23
17
565
Senegal
cwt.
2587
, ,
, ,
, ,
5498
. •
5498
Hides, untanned
cwt.
3696
, ,
, ,
, ,
11101
, ,
, ,
11101
Oil, palm
cwt.
2963
400
7001
169556
2963
400
7001
169556
179921
Skins, calf and kip
cwt.
827
, ,
, ,
, ,
2606
2
, .
. ,
2608
Timber, viz.
Teakwood
loads
16015
, ,
, ,
, ,
10207
• •
, ,
, ,
10207
Wax, bees'
cwt.
4510
.,
64
21486
, ,
, ,
306
: 21792
Other articles, official v
iluc
* •
767
1
1
614
1847
58107
403
11387
188674
258573
This table does not include gold dust. In fact, it
is very difficult to give correct tables, or returns of
the trade of the western coast of Africa. A consider-
able portion of the trade is conducted on the ancient
system of " adventures" afloat, or, what is called, the
" floating trade." A ship is fitted out, and committed,
with her cargo, to the direction of the captain, who
acts as supercargo, and who trades along the coast,
backwards and forwards, till he has disposed of his
cargo, in barter with the nativeo, when he returns
home. On the abolition of the slave trade this old-
fashioned system of adventure was resumed by many
of the captains who had been engaged in that traffic
(in which some of them had made considerable sums
of money), and who, finding their former occupation
gone, turned their attention in this way to the lawful
pursuits of trade. It is a system of traffic, however,
attended with great risk, and wholly dependent for
success on the honesty, sobriety, and good conduct
of the captain, and one which the increasing security,
afforded by our settlements on shore has already
greatly limited, and will ultimately supersede.
« I
:>4S
SIERRA LEONE.— MONKTARY SYSTEM. PRODdCE.
XII. Amount of Coin in circulation. — ^The amount
of coin in circulation may be estimated at 25, 000/.
About the close of the year \^',\(t, tlie officer in
charge of the commissariat tlepartment at Sierra
Leone, received from the treasury, a remittance in
dollars to the extent of 14,000/., the whole of which,
with the exception of from eight to ten thousand dol-
lars, was cut into quarters to prevent its exportation.
[The consequence of this system has been the depreciation
of this currency by " clipping," and by cutting dollars into
five pieces in place of four •, a species of fraud so easy that
It ouRht to have been foreseen. By the last accounts, the
circulation of this "cut money" at Sierra Leone was com-
pletely at a stand, in consequence of the commissary by
whom it was originally issued refusing to take it, and the
greatest confusion and inconvenience is the result. Unless
government take upon itself the loss, which it ought to do
as the cause of the mischief, it must fall, where it can be
very ill borne, on the poor inhabitants. This ought to be
a lesson to government not to attempt to maintain treasury
bills, at a premium, by artificial means. It is absurd tu
think of preventing the exportation of dollars by cutting
them, while the merchant finds it his interest to ship dol-
lars in place of remitting bills, owing to the extravagant
premium demanded on the latter, which on reasonable
terms must always have a preference owing to the compa-
rative facility of transmission. The moment the commis.
sary observes that dollars are prefeircd to bis bills he may
be sure the premium demanded on the latter is too high,
and it should be reduced accordingly imtil it becomes the
interest of the merchant to pieler bills to dollars. This is
the legitimate method to keep dollars in a colony, and not
the expedient of cutting them in pieces, which opens a door
to fraud of which the innocent native is the victim. So
obvious and easy is the fraud, antl so tempting the profit,
that tlie native blacksmiths, the armourers on board the
ships of war, and the Americans (never backward in turning
a dollar, particularly at a profit of 25 per cent.), have all
been busy at the task of cutting dollars and five frank pieces
into jice i/iiarters ! The result of this experiment ought to
be a lesson to government not to attempt any thing of the
kind again ; and in this instance justice demands that, as
the author of the mischief, it should receive the depreciated
coin at par.]
There was elso during the past year 2,000/. in
British silver in the military chest, which at one time
ceased to be issued, with a view to induce persons to
tender Spanish money for bills on the treasury; and
within the last few years there was also remitted to the
commissariat for circulation 800/. in copper coin.
Towards the latter end of the year 183fi, a very
considerable decrease was observable in the circu-
lating medium, which is partly attributable to the
following causes.
1st. Persons returning to Great Britain, taking
home with them British silver.
2nd. Strangers (Americans and other transient
people) taking away round dollars in return for part
of their sales, considering it much more advantageous,
than giving the high premium demanded on treasury
bills.
3rd. Ships of war, who on leaving this are sup-
plied with round dollars from the military chest, to
defray incidental expenses, and for the purpose of
purchasing refreshments for their crews down the
leeward coast.
4th. Natives from the interior, taking the silver
coin back with them to be made into ornf ments.
5th. To the reduction for a time in the value of the
doubloon, from 69*. 4d. to fifis. as the former value
could always be got for it at any part of the coast,
by which the amount of this species of coin, became
considerably diminished.
For some time past the circulation has become
more extended in consequence of the great increase
in the shipping, which arrived for cargoes of timber,
whose disbursements are all defrayed, by the mer-
chants to whom they are consigned, and who are re-
paid by Rills drawn on the owners at par.
For bills drawn on the treasury at thirty days sight
the rate of exchange during the year was as follows :
Spanish Money, — Forty nine pence per dollar, or
fij per cent, premium.
British Money, — One and a half per cent, premium
fixed by the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's
Treasury.
Bills drawn on the owners of Merchant ve!,3cls, to
defray the disbursements of their ships in the Colony
are usually paid at par.
No rate of exchange with foreign countries.
XIII. Gum Senegal, is the produce of some scat-
tered oases, or verdant spots, that occur in the vnst
desert of sand to the north of the Senegal. The
species of acacia from which it exudes has every np.
pearance of a stunted and desert tree : its aspect is
crooked and rough, its branches are thorny, its leaves
of a dry or dirty green. The mere blowing of the
harmattan causes the hark to crack in numberless
places, and the gum to flow in large transparent drops,
which remain attached to the surface. The harvest
of the gum is in December, when the Moorish tribes,
of whom the Trazars are the most powerful, break-
up from their usual camps, their kings and princes at
their head, and proceed in a confused and tumultuous
crowd to the forests, of which each claims one or
more. After six weeks spent in collecting the gum,
they put it in large leathern sacks, with which they
load their camels, and proceed in the same tumukuous
array to the spot fixed on for the gum market, be-
tween Fort Louis and Podor. This plain, which is
one of the most desolate spots in nature, is suddenly
covered with an innumerable multitude of people en-
veloped in clouds of dust. The kings appear mounted
on beautiful horses, their wives seated in baskets on
the backs of camels, the crowd on foot ; the air re-
sounds with the cries of men, women, children and
animals. A cannon is fired as the signal for com-
mencing the trade. A dreadful scene of wrangling
and higgling immediately ensues. The French accuse
the Africans of most dishonest arts in order to en-
hance the value of their commodity. They them.
selves, it appears, are not far behind, since they have
not scrupled to adopt the policy of insensibly aug-
menting the size of the cantar by which the gum is
measured, a change which escapes the notice of their
rude antagonists. The French take off annually
about 1200 tons of gum, which sells in Europe at
from 70/. to 90/. per ton. The returns are taken al-
most exclusively in East India cotton cloths dyed
l)lue, which are called pieces of Guinea, and for which
it has been in vain attempted to substitute the manu-
facture of Europe.
From the River Senegal, in about Ifi" north lati-
tude, to the Congo, which is in upwards of •'," suuth
latitude, there is a remarkable uniformity of vegeta-
tion, not only as to principal orders and genera, hut
even to a considerable extent, in the species in which
it consists. Many of the trees, the palms, and sevcisl
other remarkable plants, which characterises the land-
scape, as Adnnsonia, Bomhax pentandmm, Eliii-^ S«i-
neensis, Raphia vinifera, and Pandanus CnndcUibmw.^
appear to be very general along the whole extent nf
coast. Sterctdia acuminata, the seed of which is the
Cnla, mentioned in the earliest account of C'oiiirii,
exists, and is equally valued in Guinea and Siwra
Leone, and, what is remarkable, it hears the same
name throughout the west coast. The ordeal tree,
called by Professor Smith Cassu, and l)y Captain
Tuckey, erroneously, Acissia ; if not absolutely the
same plant as the red water tree at Sierra Leone and
the Gold Coast, belongs at least to the same genus.
A species of the cream fruit, remarkable in allordiii;
SIKIIUA LEONE.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
549
a wliolpsome and pleasant saccharine fluid, used by
the natives of Sierra Leone to quench their thirst,
thuiiiih belonging to that generally deleterious family
tlic .lixici/nerr, is also met with. The Sarcocephnlus
Afzdiu^ which is probably what he has noticed under
the name of the country-tig of Sierra Leone, is found
on the banks of the Congo. Anonu si'ne<j;(ili'ns%s,
whose fruit, though smaller than that of the culti-
vated species, is said to have a flavour superior to
them all, and appears to be a general plant along the
whole extent of coast : and Chnianhitlnnus Icnco, or a
nearly allied species, is equally common from Senegal
to Congo.
The trunk of the Dracma Draco cleaves open in
many parts, and distils, at the time of the summer
solstice, a fluid, which condenses into red tears, soft
at first, afterwards hard and friable : this is the true
dragon's blood of the shops, and must not be con-
founded, though dry, friable, blood-red, and inflam-
mnhle, with other resinous substances, known under
the same name, and derived, the one from a species of
Calamus (RutunsJ, and the other from a. Ptcrocarpus.
To the dragon's blood are attributed astringent,
desiccatory, and incrassating virtues. It is adminis-
tered internally for dysentery, haemorrhage, violent
bowel complaints, and inward ulcers ; and externally,
to dry up running sores, to heal wounds, and to
strengthen the gums. The painters make use of it,
ill tiio red varnish with which they colour the Chinese
boxes and chests. Mr. Sewel informs me that the
castor nut grows abundantly in the neighbourhood of
Cape Coast Castle, and also on most parts of the
Western Coast.
The esculent plants of the Congo, cultivated, as
well as indigenous, are very similar throughont the
west coast. On the banks of rivers the principal
articles of vegetable food are the Indian corn, or
Maize (Zca Mni/s) Cussaivi, both sweet and bitter
[Jiitfopha Mitnihot), two kinds of pulse extensively
cultivated; the Cijtisus Cajan and a Pkaseolus {?),
with ground nuts [Anickis hypnirma) , The most
valuable fruits are plantains {Musa sapient um,) the
papaw [Ciiricn Papaya), pumpkms (Ciicurhita Pcpo),
limes and oranges, pineajiples, the common tamarnul,
and safu, a fruit the size of a small plum. One of
the most important plants, not only of the Congo,
hut of the whole extent of coast, is Elais gtiincensis,
or the oil palm, which also atfords the best palm
wine. The palm tree is truly called the ' native's
friend ; ' it supplies wine, oil, fishing-lines, hats,
baskets, palm nuts, cabbage, tinder, &c. &c. The
wine is obtained by driving a hard peg or a gimlet
into the cabbage-like head of the palm, when a stream
of sweet liquor tiows into a calabash suspended
beneath, and by the time it is filled (six to eight
hours) fermentation has reduced the whole into a
milky tinted pleasant beverage ; the natives, some-
times, allow it to have a harsh and bitter flavour ;
the process and liquor is, in fact, somewhat similar
to that obtained from the cocoa nut blossom, and
termed toddy. Wine is likewise obtained from two
other palms. Among the other alimentary plants,
of less importance, or imperfectly known, are the
shrubby holcus, the common yam, and another dio-
sniren, found wild only, and very inferior to the yam,
requiring it is said, four days boiling to free it from
its pernicious qualities. Two kinds of sugar canes,
capsicums, and tobacco are generally cultivated, ac-
cording to the herbarium of Captain Tuckey, A
second kind of ground nut, opera. {Glycine subter-
runea ?) , which n extensively grown at Madagascar,
also appears. A species of ximenia (.Y. americana ?)
is likewise found, the fruit yellow, the size of a plum,
and Bcid, but not unpleasant, in the higher jjarts of
the Congo, where it is generally plante ff An anti-
desma, perhaps like that mentioned by Afzelius, as
having a fruit of the same size and taste as a currant,
is met with'
The edible fruits of Sierra Leone are numerous and
luscious. The peach of the negroes (Sarcucephulus
escnlentus) is a large, fleshy, and solid fruit, hard and
eatable throughout, and full of small seeds, not much
unlike a strawberry in flavour and consistence. The
tree grows plentifully throughout the colony of Sierra
Leone, 10 to 1.0 feet high ; leaves large and elliptical,
flowers pink, produced in globular heads, and seated
on a receptacle, which after\ :.rds becomes the fruit.
The Anona sencgui^alensis, or African custard apple,
fruit not much larger than a pigeon's egg, and with
the same or a superior flavour to the rest of the
species. The monkey-bread (Atlansonia dif>itataj is
much used by the negroes ; its fruit, which is of
considerable size, and of an oblong shape, is full of
seeds, and tastes like ginger-bread, with a pleasant
acid flavour. The locust tree of Sierra Leone Clnha
hit^lobosa) is a beautiful tree when in blossom, covered
with compact biglobular heads of fine vermillion-
coloured flowers, which are succeeded by compact
bunches of pods, containing a yellow farinaceous
substance, of which the natives are very fond. It is
mentioned by Park as attbrding an agreeable and
nutritive food. The country cherry is rare, growing
on the mountains, and bearing a small oval reddish
fruit, somewhat like a plum in flavour, and produced
in clusters on the topmost branches. Anisuphyllea
laurina, the monkey apple, is a fruit of the size of a
pigeon's egg, red on one side and yellow on the other,
with a flavour between the nectarine and plum.
Country grapes are the produce of ^itis ctesia, they
iire black, austere, and acid; chiefly eaten by the
negroes. Country currants resemble elder-berries,
and are found plentifully on the mountains. The
shrub (Fiscus BrassiiJ which bears the large fig, grows
about the colony ; fruit pleasant ; as is also a smaller
fig, that bears abundantly, and is the size of a hazel
nut. Wild guavas {Psidium pyrifcram) are natives
of the country : Mr. Don saw and tasted the fruit,
but could not exactly identify the plant with the
West Indian guava. The hog plum is the fruit of
Spondinus Myiobalanus ; it is well tasted, and sharper
than the plum of our gardens, but the stone forms
half the bulk of the fruit. The grey plum tree (/'«-
rinarium ejccelsum) is more valuable for its compact
and durable wood than for the fruit, which, though
largo and abundant, is dry and farinaceous, with a
very large stone ; an allied species {P. macrophyllum)
is called by the colonists, ginger-bread-plum. Of four
other fruits, called plums, the small pigeon plum
{Chvysohalanus ellipticus), the yellow pigeon plum
(C. luteus), the black plum {Vitex umbrosa), anil the
sugar plum ; it may be said that the first three,
though good, are inferior to the latter, which is sold
in large quantities in Sierra Leone, and is one of the
very best fruits in the colony. The tree is very
handsome, fiO feet high, and bears many fruits of the
size of a bullace ; at 10 feet from the ground the stem
throws out roots like a mangrove or pandanus, but
its botanical attinities are not known. From the
fruit of the sweet pishamin (Carpodinus dulcis) a
quantity of sweet milky juice exudes, the pulp is also
pleasant and sweet. The sour pishamin (C. acidus),
though sharp, acid, and rather bitter, is much relished
U
m.
Hi' ■
W\
P..
w
m I;
i
I 'I I
! I "
ASO
SIERRA LEONE.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
by the natives. The Mammee apple (Mammea afri-
cana) is a lofty tree, with useful wood, and a very
large fruit. The butter and tallow tree (Pentadesma
butyracea) abounds in a yellow greasy juice, to which
it owes its name, and which is given out plentifully
when the fruit is cut ; this is mixed by the natives
with their food, on account of its turpentine flavour,
which renders it disagreeable to the European settlers.
Two kinds of star apple {Chrysophyllum macrophyl-
lum and C. obvatum) are very inferior to the West
Indian star apple (C. Cainito). Tonsella pyriformi.i
bears a rich and sweet fruit, like a bergamot pear.
There is a tree, called pomegranate, said to be excel-
lent : but having no affinity to punica. The seeds of
Sterculia acuminata are called cola by the negroes,
who hold them in great esteem, as possessing the
same virtues as Peruvian bark. They are like horse-
chestnuts, and produced in pods, which grow two to
five together. A somewhat similar seed, named tola,
is used in the same way. Velvet tamarinds, the fruit
of Codarium acutijolium are produced in beatitifully
black veUety pods, and possess an agreeably acid
taste, while brown tamarinds differ little, except in
the colour and larger size of the pods.
Pine apples both grow wild and are cultivated by
natives : they abound in the woods so as to obstruct
the passage through them in every direction, shooting
most vigorously, and yielding fruit abundantly. Two
kinds only, the black and white, are grown at Sierra
Leone : though not so large as those cultivated in
England, the flavour is superior. The wild varieties
are innumerable ; and a very pleasant kind of wine
is made in the colony from the juice.
Besides the fruits already mentioned as found wild
near Sierra Leone, the following are cultivated : plan-
tains (Musa sapientum) , bananas (Af. paradisiaca] ;
the cocoa nuts are still rare, and papaws {Carica
papaya) are only seen near the settlers' houses.
Oranges are abundant, and have now grown wild ;
lemons are rare, but limes plentiful. Cashew nuts
have been cultivated in large quantities of late : rose
apples (Eugenia Jambos), and tamarinds from the
West Indies, love apples [Solanum Lycopenicon) ;
melons, water melons, cucumbers, gourds, &c., of
many kinds and qualities ; among the melons some
which having the smell of musk, are called musk
melons. Two sorts of capsicum are grown.
The Baobab, or Monkey Bread, above mentioned
{Adansonia digitata), may be deemed one of the most
valuable productions of Western Africa. It is like-
wise said to be found in Egypt and Abyssinia, and is
cultivated in many of the warmer parts of the world.
It is the largest known tree ; its trunk being some-
times no less than 30 feet in diameter. At one year
old, its diameter is one inch, and its height five
inches : at 30 years old, when the diameter has at-
tained to two feet, the height is but 22 feet ; and so
on, till at 1,000 years old, the Baobab is 14 feet
broad, and 58 feet high ; and at .5,000 years, the
growth laterally has so outstripped its perpendicular
progress, that the trunk will be 30 feet in diameter,
and only 73 feet in height. The roots are of a most
extraordinary length ; in a tree with a stem 77 feet
round, the main branch, or tap root, measures 110
feet in length. The foliage is not so abundant as to
concf al the vast proportion of the trunk ; but it often
happens that the profusion of leaves and of dropping
boughs almost hide the stem, and the whole forms
an hemispherical mass of verdure, 140 to 1.50 feet in
diameter, and GO to 70 feet high. The wood is pale
coloured, light, and soft, so that in Abyssinia, the
wild bees perforate it, and lodge their honey in the
hollow, which honey is considered the best in the
country. The negroes on the western coast apjjly
these trunks to a singular purpose. The tree is liable
to be attacked by a fungus, which, vegetating in the
woody part, without changing the colour or appear-
ance, destroys life, and renders the part so attacked
as soft as the pith of trees in general. Such trunks
are then hollowed into chambers, and within them
are suspended the dead bodies of those to whom arc
refused the honour of burial. There they bcconip
mummies, perfectly dry and well preserved, without
further preparation or embalming, and are known
by the name of Guiriots. The Baobab, like all plants
of the same order {Malrnrea') , is emollient and miici-
laginous. The pulverised leaves constitute li/o, a
favourite article with the natives, which they mix
with their daily food to diminish excessive perspira-
tion, and which is even used by Europeans in fevers,
diarrhceas, &C. The fruit is perhaps the most useful
part of this tree ; its pulp is acid and agreeable, nnd
the juice expressed from it, mixed with sugar, con-
stitute a drink that is deemed a specific in putrid and
pestilential fever. Owing to these circumstances, the
fruit forms an article of commerce. Bowdich men-
tions that it possesses such an agreeable flavour, and
is so abundant, that it constitutes a principle article
of food with the natives, who season many of iheir
dishes with it, especially their corn gruel. The Man-
dingoes convey it to the eastern and southern districts
of Africa, and through ti.e medium of the Arabs, it
reaches Morocco, and even Egypt.
If the fruit be injured, it is burned, the ashes being
mixed with rancid palm oil, and serving for soap.
The flowers are large, white, and handsome, and on
their first expansion, bear some resemblance, in their
snowy petals and violet mass of stamens, to the white
poppy [Papaver somniferum) . Both the flowers and
fruit are pendant. The Baobab tree loses its leaves
before the periodical rains come on.
The Arachis hypoga;a deserves notice on account
of the singular economy of its fruits. It belongs tu
the very few plants which mature their seeds under
ground ; the flower stalk, after the blossom hns
withered, bending downwards, and burying the gcrmen
in the soil, where it soon increases in bulk, and per-
fectly ripens. The fruit is a pod, containing one or
two seeds, the size of small nuts, with a flavour ol
almonds ; the natives of several countries eat them,
either boiled or fried, and make very pleasant con-
fections of them, the taste resembling chocolate. A
valuable oil is also extracted from the seeds of the
Arachis, alike useful in food and for supplying lamps,
as it never turns rancid. Many attempts have been
made to naturalize this plant in Europe ; but the
climate is too cold for it every where north of the
southern coast of France.
Liitt of Plants common to Equinoctial Africa,
America, and Asia. — (From Tuckey's Voyas;e up the
Congo.) — Gleichenia Hermanni Prodr. Flor. Nor.
Holl. ; Mertensia dichotoma, fVilld. ; Agrostis 7ir-
ginica. L, ; Cyperus articulatas, L. ; Cyperus niio-
ticvis, Vahl. ead. sp. ; Lipocarpha argentea, Noh.:
Hypselyptum argenteun, Vahl.; Fuirena umbellata,
L. fil. : Pistia Stratict^ . ; . ; Boerhaavia .nutabiiis,
Prcidr. Flor. Nov. Ho..' _ ipomoea pes caprae, Noh.;
Convolvulus pes caprse, L., convolvulus Brasiliensis,
L. ead. sp. ; Ipomoea pentaphylla, Jtivqu. ; Scoparia
dulcis, L. ; Heliotropium indicum, L. ; Sphenoclea
zeylanica, Goerb. ; Ageratum conyzoides, L. ; Wal-
theria indicn, L., Waltheria americana, L. cad. sp.;
SIERRA LEONE.— STAPLK PRODUCTS.
.Wl
loney in the
best in the
coast api)ly
tree is linhle
tating in the
jr or appear-
so attacked
Such trunks
within them
to whom arc
they become
veil, without
1 are known
like all plants
ent and muci-
titute I'llo, a
Ich they mix
isive persplra-
eans in fevers,
10 most useful
agreeable, and
th sugar, con-
; in putrid and
jmstances, the
Bowdich men-
lie flavour, and
rinciple article
many of iheir
lel. The Man-
jthern districts
if the Arabs, it
the ashes being
:ving for soap,
idsome, and on
ihlance, in their
ns, to the white
the flowers and
loses its leaves
[ice on account
It belongs to
\t seeds under
[e blossom has
, ing the gcrmen
bulk, and per-
itaining one or
;ith a Havour of
jtries eat them,
[y pleasant con-
t chocolate. A
[he seeds of the
ipplying lamps,
ipts have been
jrope ; but the
•e north of the
[noctial Africa,
Voya^f up the
Ddr. Flor. M'.
\; Agro6tis Vir-
Cyperus nilo-
Irgentea, A'o''.:
frena umbellata,
lavia .nutabilis,
Is, caprae, Wv
Tlus Brasiliensis,
iiaiu. ; Scoparia
[l.; Sphenoclca
l)ides, L. ; ^'*'»1-
tia, L. ead.sp.;
HihiiiCus llliaceus, L. ; Sida periplocifolia, L. ; Cassia
iiccidentalis, L. ; Guilandina Bonduc, L., Guilandina
Itonducella, L., ead. sp. ; Abrus precatorius, L. ;
Hedysarum triflorum, Ij.
plants common to Equinoctial Africa and America ;
hut nut found in India. — OctoblephBrum albidum,
Hi'itd- ; AcroBtichum aureum, L. ; Egragrostis ciliaris,
Ij.; Poa ciliaris, L.; Cyperus ligularis, L.; Schwenkia
nmericana, L. ; Hyptis obtusifolia, Nob. ; Struchium
iamericanum) Bejam. 312; Sida juncca Banks, et
Soland. Mss. BrasiL; Urena americana, L., Urena
reticulata, Cavan. ead. sp. ; Maiachra radiata, L. ;
Jussiaca erecta, L. ; Crotalaria axillaris, Hort. Kew. et
Wilid. ; Pterocarpus lunatus, L.
Plants common to Equinoctial Africa and India ;
hut not found in America. — Roccella fuciformis Achar
Lichenog. 440 ; Perotislatifolia Soland. in Hort. KeuK ;
Centotheca lappacea, Beauw. ; Eleusine indica, Giert. ;
ringcllaria indica, L. ; Gloriosa superba, L. ; Cetosia
ari;entea, L. ; Celosia margaritacea, L., Celosia albida ?
H'illd. ; ead. sp. ; Desmochaeta lappacea Decand. ;
(irangca (madernspatana), Aduns. ; Lavenia erecta.
Sir.; Oxystelmaesculentum, iVo6. .Periploca esculenta,
lioxh., Nyropha;a lotus, L., Nymphaca pubescens,
H'iild., ead. sp. ; Hibiscus surattensis, L. ; Leca
sambucina, L. ; Hedysarum pictum, L. ; Indigofera
lateritia, lyilld. ; Glinus lotoides, L.
List of species which have not been satisfactorily
iisrertuined. — Acrostichum alcicorne, Sw.; Acrosti-
chum stemaria, Beaiiv. ; Imperata cylindrica, Prodr.
Flor. A'or. Holl. ; Panicum criis-galli, L. ; Typha an-
giistifolia, L. ; Giseckia pharnaceoides, L. ; Cassytha
pubescens, Prodr. Flor. Nov. Holl. ; Celtis oricntalis,
/.. ; Cardiospernum grandiflorum. Sir. ; Pauhina pin-
nata, L. ; Hydrocotyle asiatica, L. ; Hedysarum
adscendens, Sw. ; Hedysarum vaginale, L. ; Ptero-
carpus Ecastophyllum, L.
The native names of the different species of timber
exported from the River Sierra Leone for ship-
building and carpenter's work are — 1. Co-Tartosar,
or African oak ; 2. Tolongah, or brimstone ; 3. Bumia,
rather scarce ; 4. Cooper ; 5. Kon ; 6. Conta ; 7. Roth j
8. Wossomah ; 9. Jumo; 10. Backam ; 11. Toper-
canico ; 12. Mooll, the tree produces vegetable butter ;
13. Sop; 14. Kelill ; 15. Cong; 16. African almond;
17. Bombay ; 18. Dye-wood; 19. Pissaman ; 20.
Pissaman, (no marine animal of any kind attacks it) ;
21. Black oak; 22. Wismore; 23. African cedar ; 24.
White wismore ; 25. Cronko; 2fi. Shiu-shinginara ;
27. Blue wismore; 28. Arwoora; 29. African mam-
mee apple; 30. Catepy ; 31. Lowland box-wood;
32. Singa-singa marah ; 33. African pine ; 34.
Highland box-wood ; .'^5. Singuoora ; 36. Cabooco ;
37. Brimstone ; 38. Bessey ; 39. African mulberry ;
40. Mangrove. The grain of several of these woods
is very rich, and the furniture made therefrom not
only durable, but extremely beautiful. In Mr. Fors-
ster's elegant mansion at Hampstead, there are several
articles of furniture made from African mahogany,
which would vie with the wood of any country in the
world : and for ship-building the African teak is now
generally and deservedly esteemed. (For the animal
kingdom, &c., see my " Colonial Library.")
Tho rivers and coasts abound with many sorts of
fish, beautiful in their colours, or nutritious for food.
The larvffi or caterpillars, of all the beetles that
feed upon decayed wood, are rich and delicate eating,
so that every forest affords the traveller plenty of
nourishment did he know where to search for it. The
children in Africa, at the proper season, are busily
employed in digging out of the ground the females of
a i)articular sort of cricket, which are then full of eggs,
and so enclosed in a bag as to resemble part of the
roe of a large lish : these, when roasted, are deemed
very delicate.
Manufactures, Mines, and Fi»herie» in 1 836. [B. B.]
— ^There are no manufactures or mines in this colony.
There are many different sorts of fish, viz. — turtle,
barracouta, snapper, ten-fish, grouper, mullet, mac-
karel, ten-pounder, bonetta, crocus, shy-nose, soles,
skait, white bait, eels, cavalla, flounder and green jar;
all averaging in value ^rf. per lb., or 6i/. per bundle.
Also oysters (opened), 6(i. per pint; cray-fish, 1«.
each ; cockles, 6(i. per pint ; crabs, 2d. each ; shrimps,
6(/. per pint ; perry winkles, 6(i. per pint ; muscles,
fid. per pint.
There are about 20 boats and 40 canoes employed
in fishing.
Produce, Stock, &c. of Sierra Leone in 1836. [B.B.]
Name of the County,
District, or Parish.
Free Town
Kissy
Wellington
New Lands
Allen Town
Hastings
Eraser
Rochelle
Denham
Waterloo
Calmont
Benguama
Hastings Road
Mocho Town .
Cossoo Town .
Ricketts Town
Middletown
Kent .
Dublin Bananas
Ricketts .
York
Regent . .
Bathurst
Gloucester .
Leicester
Charlotte
W'ilberforce
Congo Town .
Murray .
Aberdeen
Lumley .
Goderich
Number of Stock,
Horses
Horned
Cattle.
107
1
Total
59
60
1
28
60
2
6
4
93
47
114
7
2
10
15
76
10
2
3
61
1
Sheep,
12
8
10
17
I
11
5
6
Goats.
584
46
8
26
7
13
10
15
1
57
25
280
*
29
35
9
67
27
57
8
25
10
15
G
4
7
80
85
167
190
66
35
41
47
24
6
48
40
3
66
1197
* Cannot be ascertained.
The exact number of acres of land under cultiva-
tion in this colony cannot be ascertained ; nor can a
correct account of the produce gathered and saved
during the year be given. The articles, however,
I sually raised in the colony are — rice, coffee, yams,
cotton, arrow root, pepper, cassada, Indian corn,
castor oil plant, sugar cane, maize, ginger, ground
nuts, p.nd other vegetables and fruits indigenous to a
V.
I
"P'
1:1 (. '
552
GAMIMA.— T.OCAMTY, ARKA, &c.
tropical climate. The natives also extract from the
imlin tree " palm wine," and manufacture from the
same tree palm oil, which forms an article of export
to England and elsewhere.
Average. Prices 0/ Proilure and Merchandize. —
[B. B. 1 8,3 fi.]— Horses, 15/. each; horned cattle,
'21. 104.; sheep, 8,». 8(/. ; goats, 6a. fit/.; swine, C.«. ;
milk, 1(/. per gill; fresh butter, none; 'salt ditto,
2». per lb. ; cheese, Is. fit/, per lb. ; wheaten bread,
'2s. per lb. ; beef, M. per lb. ; mutton, 9</. per lb. ;
pork, 9d. per lb.; rice, 3s. \0(l. per bushel; coffee,
1*. Grf. per lb. ; tea, H.v. Hd, per lb. ; sugar. Is. per lb ;
salt, 2*. per bushel ; wine, 1/. IGs. per dozen ; brandy,
10». per gall.; beer, 13*. per dozen; tobacco, Is.
per lb.
jyages for Labour. — [B. B. 1836.] Domestic,
17» 4(i. per month; Prcedial, 4(/. per day; Trades,
\s. dd. per day.
The labourers employed in loading timber vessels,
receive on an average, 20s. per month.
Mr. Mathew Forster, of New City Chambers,
Bishopsgate-street, a British merchant, to whom the
colonies in general, and Africa in particular, are under
deep obligations, thus writes to me, on applying to
him for information on the staples of Africa.
' It may add some interest to your chapter on our
African settlements if you notice the probable disco-
veries that may yet be made in the products of that
quarter of the world, which till very lately, was sel-
dom visited for any more legitimate article of pro-
duce than human flesh. The teak timber for the
purpose of ship-building, and mahogany are discd.
veries within the last twenty years. 'J"he (irst inipcn-.
talion of palm oil is within the recollection of per-
sons now 'alive, and when the slave trade was
al)olished in 1808, the quantity imported aiiiuiiilly
did not exceed one or two hundred tons. Theaniiiiiij
importations now exceed twelve thousand tons I
' I have lately been attempting to obtain dtln i-
oils from the coast, and it was only yesterday I re
ceived from the hands of the oil presser the result of
my most recent experiment on the ground niit
which I am happy to say is encouraging. I send yul
a sample of the oil extracted from them. They arc
from the Gambia. [It is a jiure golden coloured dij
with a pleasant flavour, free from the fre()ucat ran-
cidity of olive oil.] I lately received from Cape Coast
a quantity of the palm nut from which the palm (lil
is previously obtained, for the purpose of examining
the kernels to see whether they woidd not yield an
oil worth extracting ; I send you a sample of the
nuts, ond one of the candles made from the styrine
obtained from them, but I do not think they have
had fair play in the management
' If I am blessed with health and life for a few
years longer, I do not despair of increasing the num-
ber and value of our African imports. It is tlio
surest method of improving Africa and benefitin<; tho
mother country, and it becomes a British merchant to
carry his views sometimes beyond the boundary ot
sordid gain.' [I trust these sentiments may bo
widely diffused among our colonial merchants.]
shiiw as rega
was in lHi'3, 1
Populi
class.
Kiirdpeans. .
Miiliittnc's ,. ,
Ditto children
lllncks
Ditto cliildrcn
Sailors
Strangers..
Ditto children
Total.
I
The forego! ns
consists of abiiu
The populati
«,"0(); of Accra
3,000; ofDix (
wc may estimati
the western coa;
but .500 are Eun
I'opulation of
diers located at 1
ment ot St. Mi
miles, 5; white
mall', 1,4.'.0, fen
male, l,-'.Vj; alie
lation to the squi
r
CHAlTEll V._GAMBIA, CAPE COAST CASTLE, ACCRA, ike.
li
I. St, Mary's Island (our principal settlement on
the Gambia) lies close to the continent on the south
side, running nearly east and west about fifteen
miles, but of very inconsiderable breadth, and com-
manding the entrance to the river Gambia. The
island is an uninterrupted flat, somewhat elevated,
and covered with a thick brush of underwood, deno-
ting the fertility of the soil. (Cattle can cross over
at low water to Cape St. Mary's.)
Bathurst Town is built on the east side of the
island, on a point which admits of a strong battery,
being surrounded on nearly three sides by the tole-
rably deep and rapid river. The strata is a gravelly
soil, consisting of the brown oxyd of iron strewn over
a stratum of rock of the same composition ; the other
parts of the island consist principally, of a rich, dark,
loamy mould.
The river from which the settlement derives its
name, empties itself into the ocean by a mouth about
nine miles wide between Cape St. Mary on the south
and the Bird's island on the north. It was formerly
supposed to be a branch of the Niger, but this notion
was refuted by Mr. Park. Its sources have never
been explored by European travellers, but it has been
ascertained to take its rise amongst the lofty range of
mountains which form the eastern front of Foota
falls. It communicates with the Senegal River by
the Neriko, and is called by the natives River Ba
Deema in the upper country. Vessels of 300 tons
navigate it for sixty leagues, and smaller vessels as
far as Barraconda, 250 leagues from the entrance;
here the obstructions commence which render fur-
ther navigation impossible. From December to
June, which is the dry season, the flow of the tide is
felt, but in the rainy season, from June to Septem-
ber, the stream sets down so strong, that vessels can-
not stem the current by ordinary means ; though no
doubt advantage might be taken of navigating by
steam throughout the year.
Colonel Findlay, the late intelligent and humane
Governor of the Gambia, has justly observed to me
that it is greatly to be lamented the British govern-
ment have not yet surveyed the various large rivers
and creeks which empty themselves into the Gambia;
if this were accomplished, there can be no doubt but
an extensive inland navigation would follow, which
would increase the trade, by affording a more ready
and friendly intercourse with the natives.
There are two channels into the Gambia, ;he
northernmost of which has six or seven fathoms
water, is six miles wide, and lies between the Bird's
Island and the Banguion bank ; the smaller, on the
other side of the bank and under Cape St. Mary, has
about nine feet water. The river is at all times
muddy, and is infested with crocodiles, and also inha-
bited by the hippopotamus. It abounds with lish
of various kinds.
The population of this settlement 1 can only
1W8
1S29
is;)o
1831
I8;i2
1833,
183-1 128
i8;f:.2f)i
I83(! 46
No.
Prisoner
Male' Fm,
3
2
1
13
37
1
^\- The administ
Civil Lieutenant, (i
h-en established to
has been repeatedly
^"1111-11 of Mil,,,
I'eut. colonel ; 2 m
"ants; 4 secoiid-li
liiarter-master ; l j
<"' C()lour-serjeant8 ;
drummers; and 25
'•'ort liullen, l
Serjeants; 4 serjeai
and 84 privates.
Maeaulcy's Island
sui-geon; 4 colour-s
™; 8 drummers;
nro iliscii-
tirst itnivir-
ion of ))ir-
trndp \vn»
;d nnminlly
The niiiiiinl
tons 1
btnin otlirr
iterday 1 re-
Ijc ri'sult of
round mit,
1 send ynii
1. They nri'
coloured (lil,
•ci|ucnt raii-
I Capn Const
the palm nil
)f examining
not yield an
miple of the
II the styrine
ik they have
GAMniA— POPULATION, CRIME AND GAOLS, GOVERNMENT, &c.
show as regards the Island of the St. Mary, which
was in IH-'a, ISlTi, and 1833, thus :—
Population of St. Mary's Island, Gambia.
1 833.
1826.
1H33.
Class.
i
73
S
•a
B
—
B
SOI
•16!
4(i; \
itiyj
■i
i
1
■3
Hi
■a
s
HI
51
139!)
i
i
5
75
117!)
1251)
i
Kiiropcans. . . .
Miiliittocs....
Ditto eliil<lrcii
lllackrt
Ditto cliiUlroii
•if)
'in
\w
III)
\M
2!):i
•i
45
135
1204
2H
47
17
fi7!>
112
131
2
6241
iti2;
2
122
1577
131
7
36
126
2578
Strangers
Ditto children
7 .•
••
Total . . .
..«.
-44
1845
1021
84(i
lBtt7
1481
2740
The foregoing docs not include the garrison, which
consists of about 150 of the Royal African corps.
Tlie population of Cape Coast Castle is about
S.dOD ; of Accra about 5,000 ; of Annamabou about
3,000; of Dix Cove about 2,000. In the aggregate
we may estimate the number of British subjects, on
tlie western coast of Africa, at about 50,000, of whom
but 'lOO are Europeans.
Population of Gambia, including Discharged Sol-
diers located at Fort Bullcn.— [B. B. 183(;.] Settle-
ment of St. Mary, River Gambia ; area in scjuaro
miles, 5; whites — male, 31, female, 5 ; coloured —
male, 1,450, female, 1,2,54; total— male, l,4Hl, fe-
male, 1,259 ; aliens and resident strangers, 85 ; popu-
lation to the stjuarc mile, 5C5 ; employed in ngricul-
553
ture, f)40 ; ditto in manufactories, 234 ; ditto com-
merce, 3!) 1 ; births, 1)2; marriages, 30; death, IfiO,
Population of Mac Carthy's Island. — [». B. I83C.]
Area between four and live square miles ; whites —
males,?; coloured — males, 777, females, 378 ; total
— males, 784 ; females, 378 ; aliens, and resident
strangers, one Mandingo town, population about
350, established before the island was in possession
of the British, also a number of labourers who came
from Tillibunco, varying from flO to 100; employed
in manufactures, a few Mandingocs employed, ma-
king cloths, dying, &c. ; ditto commerce, 21 ; births,
unknown ; marriages, 72 ; deaths, M.
Bathurst, Island of St. Mary's tiambia, the po-
pulation by the census in 1833, was, 2,825. There
3 Wcsleyan Chapels, which will contain together
about 720 persons. There has been no resident
chaplain since 1835. There are also two Dissenting
places of worship (Wesleyan) at the Island of Mac
Carthy.— [B. B. 183(;.]
III. There is no public free school, but the Wes-
leyan Missionaries have one at Bathurst, Island of St,
Mary's, Gambia, which contains 80 male and 74 fe-
male scholars ; the system of instruction pursued is
similar to that of the infant school, it is supported
by voluntary contributions. There is another school
in Berwick Town, Fort Bullen, but no return has
been made. Tiiere are also two private schools.
At Mac Carthy's Island, the Wesleyan Missionaries
also conduct a school, which contains 25 male and
20 female scholars; this is also conducted on the
infant school system, and is supported by voluntary
contributions. There is likewise one private school,
and an adult school on the Sabbath day.
I
• !|
IV. Number of Prisoners in Gaols at Gambia, throughout the Yeai-. [B. B.]
No. of
No. of Debtors.
No. of Misde-
No. of Felons.
No. of tried
No. of untried
V
Prisoners.
meanours.
Prisoners.
Prisoners.
en
'J
>
Male Fin.
Totl.
Male
Fin.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
4-1
Q
1S2H
57 1 12
69
14
2
16
31
10
41
12
12
57
12
69
2
3
1
N29 24 ! ..
24
2
')
18
4
9')
14
, ,
14
34
4
38
, ,
^ ,
2
1830
.■t3
3
36
4
4
23 1 2
25
6
1
7
4
, ,
4
1
1
1
1831
10
2
12
1
1
3
2
5
3
, ,
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
1832
51
1
52
2
2
39
, ,
39
10
1
11
10
1
11
2
2
1
1833
52
, ,
52
3
3
47
, ,
47
2
, ,
2
47
, ,
47
2
2
nil.
1834
128
13
141
2
2
134
1
135
4
, ,
4
140
, ,
140
1
1
nil.
183.^
2fil
37
298
30
3
33
225
17
242
10
3
13
3
1
4
9
10
nil.
183fi
46
1
47
l>
••
2
14
••
14
30
1
31
37
••
3 7
9
10
nil.
V. The administration at the Gambia is under a
Civil Lieutenant- (iovernor, but no council has yet
b?en established to assist him ; and the want of one
has been repeatedly complained of by the settlers.
R^'lurn nf Miliiui.- [B. B. 1836.] Bathurst, 1
lieut. colonel ; 2 majors; 6 captains; 4 first-lieute-
nants ; 4 second-lieutenants. Staff, 1 adjutant ; 1
quarter-master; 1 pay-master; 1 surgeon. Strength,
colour-scrjeants ; 12 Serjeants; 18 corporals; 12
firummers; and 252 privates.
I'ort Bullen, 1 captain ; 1 lieutenant ; 2 colour-
serjcants; 4 Serjeants; 6 corporals; 4 drummers;
and 84 privates.
Macauley's Island, 3 captains ; 5 lieutenants ; 1
surgeon; 4 colour-serjeants ; 8 Serjeants ; 12 corpo-
rals; 8 drummers ; 168 privates.
4 B
There are several establishments on the Gambia
belonging to Great Britain, as well as Bathurst.
Macarthy's Island is up the river, more than 300
miles. Fort James is situated on an island about
thirty miles up the river ; it is only 200 yards long
and 50 broad, and was, formerly, strongly fortified,
but the French, on capturing it in 1 6fi8, destroyed
the works which have never been entirely restored.
Opposite Fort James on the north bank is Jillifree,
in a healthy situation, and surrounded by a fertile
district. On the south hank are Vintain, Tancrowal,
and Jouka Konda, the first two, the second twelve
leagues from Fort James, and the last, considerably
up the river. About a league above Fort James on
the south side, the River Bittan flows into the Gam-
bia, and this is at all times navigable for large boats
■¥m
ii''
r,rui
oamhi
to tlie villnsc of that name, inhahitrd hy At'ricnii
I'ort.iimit'BP. Till' sovcri'ignty of a tract of country
(one mill* iiilnnil from tlu; bi'ach bL'tw(;i'n iiurragiidoo
Crei'k and Junkanla Cri'fk) was ci-ded to the King of
Great Britain by treaty with the King and Chiefs of
Barra, signed at Jiiiifree, ITitii June \H2l'>, n small
spot of '100 yards by .'(00 yanls called Albredar, near
James's Island, excepted. This tract is extremely
valuable from its position on the left bank of the
river Gambia, opposite St. James' and St. Mary's
islands, giving ns a control of the navigation of the
stream from its entrance to James' Island.
The Krench have a factory called Albredar, about
three miles below Jiiiifree, which they retain |)osses.
sion of, in deliance of the treaty of 17H;t (contirmed
by the treaty of I'aris), and despite the repeated re-
monstrances of the Knglish (iovernment. The fol-
lowing is the article of the treaty in ipiestion : —
" Art. X. The most Christian King, on his part,
guaranties to the King of (^reat Britain the posses-
sions of Fort James and of the River (iambia."
When SL'negid and (Joree fell into our hands by comiuest,
during the last war, in IHO'J, the commerce of "he
Gauibia was carried on by the English traders ex-
clusively from Goree. On the restoration of those
places to the French by the treaty of I'aris, exclusive
possession of the Gambia was reassured to us on the
same footing as by th.' treaty of n>^'.i, and our set-
tlement at Cape St. M iry's was immediattly formed
for the protection of its trade. Shortly afterwards
the French, for the purpose of securing a footing in
the river, dispatched an agent from Goree to establish
a trading post, or roinpfuir, as thi'y call it, at Albredar,
nnder pretence of their having formerly had nriinijilnir
at that place. Unfortunately this was not resisted
at the time by the Knu:lish comn andant, Ci)l. Grant,
for want of sulVicient information on the nature of the
treaties; and every attempt made since to dislodge
■ them by fair means, has failed of success. It is but
justice to our government to add, that the most per-
severing remonstrances have been addressed in vain
to the French government on tnis suliject.
Akin to this conduct on the i>art of the French is
their behaviour in respect to our right by treaty to
carry on the gum trade with the Moors at Portindic.
That right is solemnly guaranteed to us by the treaty
of 17SH (since contirmed by the treaty of Paris),
in the following words of Art. XI. " As to the gum
trade, the Fiiglish shall have the right of carrying it
on from the mouth of the river St. John, to the Bay
and Fort of Pontindic inclusively : provided that they
shall not form any permanent settlement of whatso-
ever nature in the said river St. John, upon the coast
or in the Bay of Portindic."
Nothing can be more clear and definite than this
article of the treaty, which has been faithfully ad-
hered to on our part; no permanent (nor even tem-
porary) establishment having been formed by the
linglish within the jirescribed limits. But what has
been the conduct of the French ? During the gum
trade of 1834, under pretence of a war with the
Trazar tribe of Moors, from whom we obtain our
supply of gum at Portindic, they sent from Senegal
a naval force, and seized our vessels trading there ;
which, however, on the remonstrance of Lieutenant-
governor Kendall, they subsequently gave up, and it
was supposed that the outrage would not be repeated.
In this, however, the English traders have found
themselves mistaken : the desire of the French at
Senegal to monopolize the gum trade is not to be
restrained by the faith of treaties.
,\.— FINANCES.
The most valuable part of our tratllr is carried nn
high up the river, above Macarthy's Island, where no
protection by government has yet been provided
lor the trade. This, by nu-ans of block houses, miL'ht
be afforded at a small expense, which the value of tlu'
trade would amply repay. The imnuMise extent of
the River Gaml)ia, aixl the thickly populated and
fertile country through which it has its course, will
render it, ultimately, the most valuable of our posses-
sions in that quarter of the world.
VI. Revenue and Expendtturo of the Gambia. [B.H.]
llfi'rnue :
Duties nn ImpnrtatidMS
of Jliltlsli ijonds.
Ultto ditto of foreign
goods.
Ditto on l)ranily, nin,
and otiior spirits,
Tonnaire duos on llriti'-li,
for.iirn, anil cnloiual
vessels.
MisCv'llancous ..
Total . . £.
Kriii'iiditiirf :
Salaries to piihlic otHccrs
Kxpi'Ms.'s of puhlic works
.Suliiries p.tld to orticcrs
iimler I'arliainentary
ifriuit.
Mlsccllancaiis ..
Total
£•.
ih:im.
IHIIt.
iH:i,'i,
095
HIS
J*.
76-2
4fi:t
ISflO
646
;)33
4-7
s:iR
ins
ISH
.•(27
ur,
,'.l.-i
«;■-'
2.1 II
:i2H7
;tM.-)
IHO.I
■>h:.
IIUI
1077
:iiin
aiii)
l:<!l!l
H_'K
•2(183
7„
ifi:i.'>
Il2fi
! .,,.
i\M
54:ifi
IH.1fi. IS;i7.
£.
I4lii.)
79»
H(i2
43^2
l:<sli
4941
ll'i
I7tti
IHlK
Revenue ill liJ^27, l,94.-./. , I8-2H, '2,;(i3/. ; IH'JC), 1,717/.; IXilO,
1.714/. i IH:ti, I,<)ii2/.i ls;i-2, -i,,'!!!!/. KxpciHllture in iHiii,
•2,7^.>3/. i 1H3I), 3,4(11/. ; 1831,4,104/.; 1832, ,'),filfi/.
Rcriiitiliiliifimi of the Kstuhlhhmpnt in ]h:',i\, [}].]].]
Paid by Great Britain iii sterling money : Civil cstali.
lishment, l.T^W. Paid by the colony in sterling
money ; Civil estaldishment, 80(i/. ; contingent ex-
pend'iUi.% :iA~l. ; judicial establishment, 201/.; con-
tinge, r xpenditure, 10/.; miscellaneous expunditurc,
1,32
pensions, 13(i/. Total, 2,H()U.
CoinmiK.stiriat nntl Oiilnmwe Dcpartmi'nt pniil Inj
Great Britain. [B.B.] — Provisions and forage, l,,'i()4/.;
fuel and light, r)2/. ; miscellaneous purchases, :)/.;
trans|)ort. 111 ; pay of extra staff, .'>73/. ; military
allowances, ^1C>1. ; special services, 422/. ; contiiiKen-
cies, 117/.; ordinaries, 4,4:'-4/. ; pay vif commissariat
officers, 3r)2/. ; advances to departments, 12/.; total,
8,118/. Ordnance, 1, 43fi/. Grand total, y,.'')54/,
Estimate of the sum which will be required to tneet
the charges of the civil establishments in Gambia and
the Gold Coast, from the 1st day of April, l8'iH, to
the 31st day of March, 1839. Gambia; l.leiitciiant-
governor, 800/. ; secretary, 4.')0/ ; commaiulant at
M'Cai-thy Island, at 7.< 2^/. per diem, 130/. 1,')«. GolJ
Coast : Charge of defraying the exjienses of the forts
of Cape Coast Castle and Accra, 3,500/. Total,
4,880/. l.'is.
The Lieutenant-governor of Bathurst, in the Gam-
bia, receives, in addition to his salary, a table allow-
ance of 200/. per annum, payable from the locil
revenues ; and a daily allowance for the keep of twj
horses to be used by him in his capacity of superin-
tendent of liberated Africans.
s
><
Orcat 1
V«l. £ N
I82NI Xt.tSI IS
1M'2!)( •JH2H6 Id
IS.Hl' 2(l«H,l| ..
is.il I 201781 IB
in;c2! :iH(i(i8 17
lrt:«| 2(i7l3 Ti
IH:Hj jy.'HH »3
183.^ 327SHI IH
isafi 5073n| 18
ma
48780
13
IHi!)
M.177
18
Ih3()
43h^20
13
IHIII
2.0331
H:i'.'
.'i7213
13
i«;u
38.'i2H
11
11434 I
3t>l40
12
IH3,')
3!)H,',H
28
mb
72(;98
17
To Elsewhei
Returns of
Iinn
3 1st December
Quarter endin;
31st March.
30th June . .
30th Septembci
31st December
Total for IH34
Total for 1833
Tlie trade retii
of Mr. Nicholls, to
•June, 1834.
Jst August, 1829
•st-liine, 1830, t
1st January, 18;^;
'st October, 183
1st January, I83;
1st July, i832_ to
1st January, IH33
1st January, 1834
*FTJ
GAMUIA.— COMMEMDl
VII. IMPORTS AND OHIPPINO OP t. MHIA.
fidA
i
Great Uritaln.
Wcat Indies.
North America.
United Stutet.
>'orel|{n States.
TOM
VbI. £•
Ko. Ton*.
Val.f
No.
Tons,
Val.jft
I3H
Nil
Tons.
VbJ.£
No.
2
Tons.
Val.f' No.
Tons.
V»\.£
T' . Mfln,
I83N
■i.t.MI
la
lOtI
ugi
8IIII
480
AI4
igo88 7
730
AOiflg
««i
SS9
\m
■JH-JNO
10
2041
4477
13
1823
20
, .
, ,
A 37
, .
. ,
g.vl8 Oh
2047
430NI
»; ♦M
024
WMI
•JoaHA
, ,
, ,
1)42
, ,
lOA
, ,
35A7
. ,
. ,
7170| ..
. ,
3j,i2;
•• i
IH.'II
Ml 7(1
I»
2132
1780
«
707
AMI
20
100.1
10103
1
1 82
7N31 17
I4IA
3||2.Vt
87 ••(19 <
(III
mi
:m(iflrt
17
2711
, ,
IN
2017
38 12
IS
2017
2 1 lO
<)4I
A.'tjlO 022
(148
A0A22
103 iXlHNj 017
]HXi
•id,- 1:)
22
21 lU
, ,
20
1221
!)U2
20
1221
:iA.'iA 12
22H4
0112' 3!»
204S
37702
!»t
927»i 838
\WM
4!<i8H
23
3(i72
.'S04
1020
K4!»
, ,
, ,
232A 12
l/l!)
lOJNil, 80
5317
0345A
127
ll-.ls
1200
mi
;W7ft8
18
2HUS
880
17
23.10
Olij)
,,
AflJ,') 7
1013
322J8' lilO
«8.5A
7.VIO2
238
lOiSM
200!)
in:iR
5073H
16
••
••
••
1201
H
758
12473
"
I0l4
til 104! 240
1004U
114772
27s
1 4.Vi2
2203
From Elsewhere, Id 1828, 3,551/. I 182!), 87/. ; 1835, 3,330/. 1 1830,1,130/.
EXPORTS ANU SHIPPINQ OF GAMBIA.
1P41
21)41
1313
8;ig
1570
1575
2022
3131
2417
ToElsewhcre, in 1828, I,3fl4/. J 1829, l,Ogr,/. j 1831,272/.) 1832,1,242/.) 1833, 470/. 1 1835, 3,780/. j 1830,2,208/.
\m
48780
13
\m
.52577
10
M«
43820
13
m\
2!«33l
7
mi
.^213
13
IHM
38528
11
ih:i4
3bl40; 12 1
IS3.')
3!Ih:,8
20
m6
72CgH
17
2228
5
800
3241
13
1823
433
28
1803
17H0
, J
020
25N5
2458
•■
••
112
••
••
1«99
a
S14
2(!!)4
"o
707
igoa
••,
182
3512
10
1382
20P7
2
488
1533
18
1133
4O20
8
1 105
il04
1
98
4!)U2
2
2!)0
I82U
15
3145
7025
4
5(i2
1)74
8
71)1
15917
10
1422
S81P
7
730
00302
271 3!)PI
8217
08
2047
0313(1
1)7. •■'•11
0512
3!)
1417
507O5
80| 4533
8455
42
2012
38434
5fil 3740
28110
80
3h8l
92hOo 103; 7221
im-'
77
20 1-
tO.'2l !)l, 7l'02
•mt.i?
!I7
0152
74033 112' HI 02
3rtns
|l|3
9202
1)1308 232 15340
.55875
24!)
10171
147732
284 14801
239
!)24
991
510
9J3
800
HiG
1977
2273
Returns o( Imports into the Port of Bathurst, Island of St. Mary's, and River Gambia, in the years ending
31st December, 1833 and 1834, also the Amount of Duties collected tliereon (shillings and pence excluded).
.-
^ en a*
. t.
^ in lU
rom
Is,
jer
. j=
si
c
Quarter ending.
Invoice Anioun
British Good
which pay 2 p
cent.
Invoice amoun
Foreign Gooc
which pay 6 p
cent.
at
Goods landed f
Foreign Vesse
which pay G*.
ton.
Anch' irage, 4
sterling on ea
vessels.
Quarantine Di
W. on each ves
Extra Duty
Spirits — l,v. p
gallon on Bran
and Gin, and
c
c
1
0)
c
4->
c
OJ
(/*
>
tsO
re
c
c
c2
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
No.
Tons.
31st March. .
9152
5(;.'i3
.1 2 2
79
32
12
155
802
31
2787
30fh Tune . .
1 1 740
.')y74
r)93
.58
72
23
280
1025
37
3941
3flih September
^^•2r,
4424
37fi
26
3r.
13
23
472
28
2793
31st December
1 6063
49.'')3
C18
,12
19
13
19
717
31
2237
Total for 1834
42481
21004
2109
214
l.lf.
58
477
3016
127
117.'iS
Total for 1833
23138
1.1022
13f)7
IT) 3
120
4f)
333
2020
104
9260
; ',
t ;/
The Exports for 1834 I do not find at the Custom House.
The trade returns of Cape Coast Castle are less perfect ; I am enabled, however, through the kindness
of Mr. NichoUs, to shew the Exports from Cape Coast Castle, between the 1st of August, 1829, and 30th of
June, 1834.
Ist August, 1829, to 30th May, 1830, Palm Oil, Ivory, &c. (11,958 oz. Gold included) value £79,718,
Ist June, 1830, to 31st December, 1830
ist, in the Gam- ■ 1st January, 1831, to 30th September, 1831
ly, a table ollo«- H Ist October, 1831, to 31st December, 1831
I'from the lowl ^B 1st January, 1832, to 30th June, 1832
jthe keep of wo H 1st July, 1832, to 31»t December, 1832
Icity of supcriii- H 1st January, 1833, to 31st December, 1833
^ 1st January, 1834, to 30th June, 1834
ditto
5,510
ditto
ditto
10,888
ditto
ditto
1,255
ditto
ditto
12,580
ditto
ditto
12,117
ditto
ditto
21,474
ditto
ditto
15,351
ditto
36,377.
78,818.
11,464.
87,654.
93,450.
140,344.
106,156.
91,134 oz, of gold. Total £633,981.
;j
i% 1
"A I
nnfi
GAMBIA.— COMMF.nrF,, STAPLE rROIMICTS, kc.
ExpurtH from the Kivcr (iambia, in lH2.''i, |n;<(), and in IN;<3.
Estimated
value in
Amount of
Articlts Exported.
I8J.'J.
1830.
1833.
England of
the several
articles of
1H.1,«.
Duty
payable in
England on
each Article.
£.
£.
Pure wax, tons
INl
L'Ui
17H
2281.'.
17fl.'i
Ivory, lbs.
fm teeth.
I4(i25
29240
r.117
2riO
Gold, oz.» ....
'JT2
500
1139
4.'-..'-.r.
Tortoiseshi'll . ,
1 shell.
2 boxes.
2.1.') lbs.
318
12
Gum, Senegal
:<{) bags.
:>2 cwt.
27r. tons.
I37.'".0
3300
Hides, no.
.'■.812.')
7(i471
76900
l.'.3N0
<»C>I
White rice, tons .
• f.
82
272i
3.14.'')
4091
Rough rice, tons
82
I. '.4
(17
39
Corn, nordouuxt
L'fUi
1711
■M\3r>
31.''.1
Cotton, lbs.
, ,
, ,
I4<J00
121
African tcnit
iNoi logs.;
502 loads.
c.r.o
228H
330
Hardwood
, ,
, ,
48 loads.
lIWi
24
Camwood, tons .
40
.14
744
1043
.ir,
Pnim oil, gallons
3443
1819
272
ir.
Ox horns, no.
29li
22.'>
f.780
,14
14
Lime, Bordeaux
l.'.OO
3714
122.'')
13.')
Ginger, lbs.
, ,
120
(i80
2,')
:i
Horses, no * .
^ ,
9
l^
130
Bullocks, no.*
, ,
207
13
28
Pagnes, or country cloths, no.
• •
1140
12f.4
.'•.47
,1.1
Country bu.skets, no.
, ,
700
220
23
.1
Arrowroot, lbs. .
, ,
, .
4200
10.1
17
Hemp, tons
, ,
» ,
4
8ri
Orchilla, lbs.
u?:.
7372,1
lo'jiia
* Large quantities shipped and not in>
foiccd.
t The Bordeaux is fiO gall
ons.
X The log
s avcrnge 50 fc
et.
The trade of Western Africa is of considerable im-
portance to this country, and yearly increasing.
VIII. The following shews the prices of ditfcrent
articles in the markets at the Gambia, 1833 : — Yellow
bees' wax, 130/. per ton; African teak, 3/. 10*. per
load J camwood, 12/. per ton; ivory, 3.«. (ul. j)er lb. Ma-
hogany of various kinds at 4L currency, or 3/. 'Js. 4d.
sterling (exchange dollar at 4,?. 4(/.) lObony of very
good ciuality grows abundantly in Saluni River, and
partially in Gambia. Dittach, a very hard and durable
wood, stands well under water, and is used in the
construction of vessels, wharfs, &c. Toulacouna, or
bitter oil, 3.«. ChI. (currency) per gallon. Cotton,
nominal or barter price, in the rough, 2il. per lb.
Indigo, in the rough cuke, 2s. M. each. Hemp, made
into ropes or cords, and sold at about (id. each. Pot-
ash, about .1(/. per lb. Honey, retailed in Mandingo
country at 2s. GJ. per gallon. Butter, same price as
honey. (N.B. The natives preserve the butter by
a process of melting, and retail it in the liquid state
at 2s. Cut. per gallon). Cola nut, 'As. 'Jd. per 100.
Cardamums, sold in barter among the natives, at
about 10*. the lb., and brought from a distance in the
interior by the gold merchants. Goat, calf, and bul-
locks' skins, dressed by the natives, but usually made
hito articles of use. (The natives dress these skins
well by means of potash and banna seeds). Cayenne
pepper of all kinds, in plenty. Beef, good, at \id.
(sterling) per lb. Fowls, 1 to H dollar per dozen.
Mutton, generally private property, seldom in market.
Goats, I dollar to li (with one or more kids).
Wines, claret, .1 dollars the case. Tea, 2 dollars the II.,
Dried oysters (good). Eggs, 14 to IC. for quarter liilhir.
In the settlement of Bnthurst, St. Mary's, Cianihia,
there are about 20 wax matmfactories. Country
cloths, &c., are manufactured in town, the uuiiil.urdl
looms averaging from .10 to fiO. About 12 ^'oldsmiths
have considerable employment in niniuifHctuiiiii; riiis.'>,
and trinkets of various kinds. Bricks are also maim
facturcd by liberated Africans.
There are no boats emjjloyed in the fisheries, hut a
number of canoes. The dill'erent sorts of lisli arc as
follow: — Mullet, value Id. each; Soles, 2i/. lach;
Baracuta, \s. \d. each ; Boneta, \d. each ; Turliot, .'s.
each ; Turtle, lOs. each ; Snaj.pers, 1 ^d. each ; Skates,
.1(/. each ; Ray, 2hl. each ; Captain Fish, l.v. h/. each:
Cat Fish, Id. each ; Craw Fish, Od. each ; Gnmpcr,
l.s'. !(/. each; Prawns, 2(/. pir dozen ; Man},'r(ivi' and
Rock Oysters, 7i''. per bushel ; Muscles ami Cmklts,
7.^'/. per bushel ; besides a variety of other tish known
only by country names. There arc also 3'J vessels
belonging to the port engaged in trade, and upwards
of 200 boats and canoes.
Mac Carthy's Island. — Country cloths are ma-
nufactured by small hand looms. There are viirioiis
kinds of tish caught, but the names are unknown.
Jietiirn of the I'ritducc, ^c. of Cnniliin, in M^'-
[B. B.) Bathurst, Isle of St. Mary, Gambia: Indian
corn, 100 acres ; millet, three kinds, .1-10 acres; rice,
three kinds, 2,10 acres; ground nuts, l(i'> acres;
beans, .10 acres. After the crop is cut, the whole m
the island is under pasture. Nearly all cultivMnl
iliirJMq; the rui
tih.iti'd liuul
hi.rncn, 7(i i h
.''ill (jiinritit
liiini'd ; millet,
lice, three kiix
iiliiiiit 2,400 III
iv. Ill/, per bus
il.oiit 2*. Ihi, ;
Muc CnrHiy'
I' i lionied c
(Jiiiiiitity of pre
iiiilli't, tlii't'i' kii
Ivinils, nliiiiit f.,,
I.ililiels. I'rici'
millet, from ' .
The British f(
me lit Dix (,'o\
( uitlc, .Aiiimiiiiil
lit these only u d
lli\ ('(i\e, is II
I'liiiit.s, allbrdiiiji
twenty tons bui
line i|iiality.
Caim: C'o.vst C
^Dveniiiieiit on tl
chief governor c
Atricaii Company
mini slate, about
M'a, ill latitude .1"
It may be cons
Sicrm Leone and
iu also the great e
ti(m of Hritish im:
liust, palm oii^ „||,
The castle is an
li.ur tinstioiis at
iil'uut eighty piec
\uillsof the foitre
Ha whieh iiivaiial)
It is well piotectei
Within the ciistl
I'liililiiigs, three
smith, dividing tliL
'iiid LDiitaiiiiiig the
similar structure
jpaceof coiisiderul)
J he Cu|)L-, •.11 ul
promontory, houml
wst sides. It was
Sucse, hut the Du
ywrs, and took gi-f;
I'lfinns. Admiral I
the citadel ill |(;(;i_
m the Jiussession o'l
"in"«l hy the treat
Admiral Do Knyter
•il^ng the coast in
iwst endeavuuis, al
t^'fii men of war
cliaiter in If;;. ^
Streilgtl, by bllildi,,;,
IS considered to In
""""ied by some .
l-'ape Coast Casth
'^""'1. hut a inifTL.
'■'wedandreiideied
(iAMBIA.— CAl'K COAST CASTI.K. ACCIIA, kc.
y,i
lilt of
ity
ilo ill
iitl on
utlcli'.
C.
\\>
'.M'.l
during tho rainy scanun. Niinibur ot acrrit uf iincul-
tiv.itt'it liuiil iml uircrtnined, Nuinlii'r ol itock —
hiiiM'", 7''> ; liortu'il I'uttli', 210; hIh'i'|i, MHO; K(>'*t'*i
,1,(1 (Jiinntit'i v>i' |ir(nliici' — liidiiiii corn, iiol hscit-
l.iini'il : inilli't, tlii'cp kiiiiU, iilioiit 1 11,11110 liti^lit'U ;
iici', llin'f kinds, uliout i.OOO hiislirl:* ; giDiiiid nuts,
iiliiint J,JOO liiishi'ls. I'rii'o ot produce — Indiuii corn,
,u, III/, per l)UHhcl ; millet, H.«. ; rici-, 5». ; ((round nulH,
iiliiiiit J<. <"'. , bcftlin, nl)oiit \().i.
Muc Ciirtliv ■« iHliiiid. — Niiiiiher of ntock — liorncH,
17; horned cattle, It'iO; nheep, 1H; KoiitH, :'.<M.
IJiiiiiitity of produce — I lidiiiii com, iibout .Mi liilsllels;
iiiillit, tincc kuiiN, idiout ;it>,0(lO liusluls ; ric«', three
kiiiilt, aliout ii, i(IO liiishelM ; Krouiid nuts, ulioiit 2,100
ImisIu'Id. I'ricr (if produce — liuliuii corn, price viirien;
iiijllet, from ' i.iii. to \l. la. Hil. per hurdeaiix of
ciRht liiMhcU) rice, from 4fl to Ih dollart per ton ;
ground iiutH, idioiit 2.«. M. per liiishel.
/»/•((•/•.« ((/ I'liidiuf ill \HM\, \\\, II I llornp», IH/.
eacli ; liorneil cattle, 21. I0«. ; sheep, II. ; Kiiiita,
7.1. I'lii. ; swine, \l. lOv. ; milk, I'ld. per ipmrt ; hutter,
salt, I.K. Ml/, per ll». ; hiitter fresh, none; cheese,
l.v. '.ill. per II). ; wheuten hre.id, 'til ; heef, Mid. ; iiuit-
ton, (11/. ; pork, tul. ; rice, I. l.v, per cwt. ; coll'ce, l.«. I//,
per II).; ten, k.i, HiI. ; siiKar, l«. ; suit, Ii. ;</. per
liiisliel ; wine, I/. I0,«. per ilo/.en ; brandy, Hi M,/. per
gallon; beer, l.'iv. |ier do/eii ; tobacco, 1. 4. per lb,
Luhiiiir. — Domestic, I/. 1 1«. h,1. per month; prie-
dial, (>i/. per day ; trades, '.iU. per day.
'riiecoiii ill ciri iilutioii is about iiU,000/. There is no
paper niuney. Uullur - 1«. 4c/.
CAl'K COAST CASTLK, AC CRA. ike.
:i:ho
\f>
i>
:t
loyiw
18.
dollars the Hi.
(pinrter lollar.
lary's, Ciamtiiii,
Irics. Coiintiy
the nunihtT nl
1 2 jrolilsmiths
■iieturiiigrinirs
lure also niami-
Ifishcrits, hut a
[s of tish avc as
Ics, 2i'. lach;
jh ; Tiirliot, is.
. each ; Skates,
|h, l.«. li'.*^»f'''
'mch; (iroiipcr,
Man};iovc and
Ics anil C'ihW''^
)her tish known
Idso ;VJ vessels
and uiAvarii>
lloths arc nia-
lore arc various
le iinkiiowa.
l;i(//i(', in "■:"'■
Ilamhia-. I'"'.'*"
r).-)0 acres; rice,
Its, It'll a"'*'.
rt'thcvvlinl''"'
ly all ailtivi'U'l
The Uritish forts nod stations on the Gold Coaat
are at Dix CUive, Seciindec, Coineiida, Cape Coast
C'tt.iitle, .Annaiiiaboo, Taiituni, VVInnebuh, and Accra;
ul' these only u few lu'rc re(|iiire notice,
|)i\ Cove, is a few miles to leeward of Ca\)c Three
I'oiiits, allbrdiiiK only shelter to boats of lifteen or
twenty tons burthen, but yielding miuli gold of ti
liiieipiality.
Cai'k Coast Casti.k (long the seat of the British
;i)veriiinent on the (Jold Coast, and residence ol the
cliief !,'ovenior diiiiiig the sovereignty of tl\e lute
.\lricaii Company), stiiiids upon a rock of gneis and
mica slate, about twenty feet above the level of the
Mil, ill latitude .V ('>' north, longitude 1" lo' west.
It may he considered the centre capital between
Sierra Leone and the Bights ol Benin anil Biafra ;
,13 also the great ciiiporiuin i>r trade for the iiitroduc-
tiiiii of British mniui,.,''ur<'s, and the obtaining gold
(lust, palm oil, and ivory.
The castle is an irregular figure of tour sides, with
lijur bastions at each angle ; the whuh' mounting
iiliout eighty pieces of cannon. Two-thirds of the
walls uf the fill I ress are washed by the very heavy
na which inviuiably runs along this line of coast, and
it is well protected on the land side.
Within the castle is an extensive line of spacious
laiililiiigs, three stories high, running north and
smith, dividing the foit luto nearly two e(pial parts,
and eiiiitainiiig the government- house, ite.; a nearly
similar structure runs east, forming a triangular
space of considerable extent.
The Cu|iL, '111 which the castle stands, is an angular
luoiiiuiitory, boumled by the sea on the south and
east sides. It was originally senled by the I'ortu-
i;iiese, hut the Dutch dispossessed them in a tew
years, and look great pains to strengthen the fortifi-
eatioiis. Admiral Holmes captured it, and demolished
the citadel in KUil, since which time it has remained
in the possession ot Great Britain, having beiii con-
lirmed hy the treaty of iireda. When the Dutch
.\dmiial De Uiiyter destroyed all the English factories
aluiig the const in ItWi,'), this place withstood his ut-
most endeavours, although he attacked it with thir-
teen men of war. The CUiinpniiy, who obtaiiui.1 a
eliarter in 1(;72, subseiiuently added greatly to its
strength hy building some bastions, though the fort
is considered to be too near the town, and com-
niaiided by some of the houses.
Cape Coast Castle was originally surrounded with
wiiod, hilt a large tract of country has been now
I'liiired and rendered tit for cultivation.
The native towns on the sea coast are generally
built close to the walls of the European forts ; the
houses arc priiici|ialty constructed of mud, and co-
vered with Ciiiinea grass, and so crowded together as
to render it almost impossible to pass through the
spaces allotted for streets; ventilation is of course
ipiite out of the question, and as the inhabitants are
lilthy beyond description, their villages are produc-
tive of much disease, not only to themsidves, but to
those Kiiropeans who ba|ipen to reside near them.
To this description, Cape Coast Town is, however,
an exception ; streets are iiinr 'I'orineil, immense
tiuisses of tilth have been removed, the surrounding
hills have been cleared of their luxuriant foliage, roads
havi' been <:iit, and the taut fiiviiililr presents pros-
pects of gratifying improve .■\ent.
About live miles north-west from Cape Coast
CiLStle is a small river, running in a southerly direc-
tion, and emptying itself into the sea within two miles
of l'".lmiiia, forming the boundary between the Dutch
and British possessions. The number of Iv.iropean
stations on the tiold Coast was at one time consider-
able. From .\ppolonia to Accra, a distance of (54
leagues, theit' were, in IhOh, of Dutch forts, l.'J, of
Danish t, and of British 10; namely, Appolonia,
Dix Cove, Suceondoe and Commeiida, to westward of
Cape CiKist Castle, and Annamaboe, Tantum Querry,
1 Wiunebah, Accra, I'rampram and Whydah, to lee-
I ward of Cape Coast Castle.
At a distance of about two miles to leeward (east-
ward) a chain of hills, forming an irregular amphi-
theatre 1()0 feet above the level of the sea, commences
and runs in a semicircular direction approaching the
castle at some places within a ipiarter of n mih;, and
te minating on the shore about a mile to windward.
There are no mountains within several niilei, of Cape
Coast Castle, the highest land not being more than
L'OO feet above the sea ; nor are there any plains of
;reat extent ; clumps of hills, with their correspond-
ing valleys, are however every where to be seen co-
vered with a most luxuriant foliage throughout the
year.
.hinanuilwf, ten miles to eastward of Cape Coast
Castle, IS a good fortification, of a (luadraiigular form,
built on the extreme margin of the shore, the sea
washing the fort of the southern boundary wall, and
the town of Animmaboe taking the form of a crescent,
embraces it. I'antum and Winnebah reiiuire no se-
parate »i'.)iice.
Ac K A lies in .V'Hlt' north latitude, and 0".')' west
loiigiiuik^ ; there are three settlements llice, English,
m
Ihicr mill's
111 M'> '.> (if 1
mill roirnii
Kiinipi', III
I 111' It'll st ri-
ll. TIU' :
iiiviilvi'il ill
::iv'lioli)irv.
li'iiii Cm I'h
sun III Its HI
like n hiifki'
iiii; Minis A
CflVl'il llu' II
ili'iiii ;;c)i| (if
liiivi' cltli'.'r I
llllllllllHUl llf
Ml.lt (':ll|)i> 11
^tiviiu'lh (if t
Wlu'tlicr
111! ri'liiiiils, I)
" Uiick," (lot
ll.'llllllll slii'ii
'lie lil'ltinilill'
I'i'iK or Ml 11 II
III' Sjiiiiii, •[■
vnsiiin vMiiiiii
siillicc it 1,,
iiiiili'i- the M
M'lliiliiiulJc, 1
men, lor the
till' erect idii
"ii'iiiifain, lor
iiiriilion with
exist, Ihouoi,
I'liiiii tins per
''"'•'/ (li('ii('(
''iiiii|iliiiiciit ti
Diirinu; tlu
tcnitiiry, (iihr
itsslrciiu'lli I'll
''Ip'lllCll lldii,
lllliips |)y K,.|.
IlllUdltlu' |,„
I" the luisscss
wlifil Alioiiu'l..
Iiml liccii (jcspa
"iHln'of (ilVMH,
five iiiiintlis' nt
Aliilizo M
"11 till' throiuM
tllis illl|l0||ll||t
''V tlic M„„rs ,
'H Al)(iini.|i,|,„,
•'••'' t(i ('(iiniii'i II
'"'UMif i;|.|i)^
•" "iliiiillar, l„ii
'l''itli or th,. c
\
.ill
i-r, JOOr ; cny-
iiu'cr mill sill-
livnt III schools,
{•21. \wr mm,
u'V inni\, 20i».'.;
t'Xtinoviliiiiiiiis,
s' ii'imiis, siii-
s, non-comuiis-
•r iimuun, \WM -
luus;, !vt -J/. U)<.
luoiiliiiiwii's, in-
■I'piuvs, fvi'. ITii/,
iiiul iitVu'i' wilt,
. 'rotill, I.IMMll.
(luoo'l to :*.''iHi;.
lulls nil' lM'|it in
\i\t siiiii WHS liiiil
ios.
Ilu'si' torts istiir
I'isi' lor till' Ml)!-
;o sii-iiriiy wliii'li
iiu'ri'i\si's ill |in)-
otriilVu' in liiimmi
cor in tin" si'rvii'o
ivliinits, St lit I'll in
Ol' tllO lloUSI' of
l(>, tlllVl NvlU'il hi'
ITSil In 17'.!'.', till'
llu' other tviulc nl
iiitlisoi'tlu'wlioli'
nir.'.y ',\vlio liiul li-
st ) \V1\S Uskl'll till'
uro is tin- lui'oni-
to tiiiilf' " Viry
m with till' iiitrii'T;
(iroti'i't llu'Uii'i-h
-e- iiu';insthi'lr.uliis
Ui[\ ol' tlll'l'' "III""'-'
Inch no sliiii I'liiilii
,s|, i\s slu' VMlllIll
f iiioiilhs lit I'lH'li
„r5;oM(ls. 1 vVMiiia
j;i\l' !in I'M'llIMM'
iu' Hiitishsiihju'l-"
!,■ U'i;iliii>»''' triiili
1 (iniiinisliril, i-im'"'
,u'ii onlv i'ii:lit yi'iii>
iiiilil lliiiil^ llii'('"l'l
oUl pi'V iiiunim-
WIVS I'olil'Cll'li tliiiii
thi- I'oiiiiiiy, iiii'll
ii'iiuni's only I'xir-
liii i\ U'ttrv to till"
Villi U lllllt,"^'l■'"''■
|o vixhuilih' "» '*"
Isivi' ri!;lit m I™'''
mill .si-i'oiul> !<* ''"'
|i lu' siilt'lv luiilii'l-
liiini'ntiibU' hut cr-
hi on -siu 1 itii'i'il ii>
loniiiu'iro liiis !'>'"
\i\ U) (ivi'i'liiili' »"
a-r cnltivaloi'* Im^i'
llhi'ir own, wliili'n"
y mill iiuiiriivniiiui
Led hy till' K'lM'i"-
llnrts shiMilil inti'i-
IcfiUoUiiiii'^-
BOOK Ml. I'OS^SESSIONS IN EIMIOPI",.
CUAITKll I. -CllUlAl/rAH.
SKonoN. I. (5ihri>lt;ir proinontory or |H'niiisiili\,
tlim' mill's Ion-;, nnil si'von in riroiMnlVroin'i\ sitimtf
m :i(i '.I of north liititmii', and -'i-'JI of oast loii'^iiinli',
iiiul fonnini; thi> soul horn part of tlio rontinont of
Kiiiopo, anti tho key to the Moilitorranoiin, is not
till' li'iist roiunrkahli' possossion of tlio Hritish crown.
II. I'ho carliost ni'i'oiiiits of this siniiiilar rook luo
iiiviilvoil in fiihlo, or olothoil in tlio ologant liotioii of
MV'lioloiry. 'I'ho lirooks i;«vo, it is llioii;;hl, Iho
U'liii (".M I'K, Krr\Ti; (I'riial to tlio inoiinlain h\ rea-
son of its nilvaiioins; into tlio soa from tho iniiin-lanil,
liki' a hiiokot, iiiiil ('al|H' to^jotlior with tho noi^hhonr-
liiu Moiis .\hyli\, on tho opposito or AlVioaii coiisl, lo-
(■I'iM'il tho a|>polhitioii of" i'lllars of lloroiilos :" that
ili'iiii !;oil of tho hi'athoiis haviin; hoon siipposoil to
liiivo oilh'.'r oroolod pillars sonuwhoro in tho iioiiih
liiinrliood of tho Straits, or prohahlv it was put torth
tli;it Ciilpo and .\hyla owod tlioir oroation to Iho vast
vlion'.;!li of Iho lli'ronhan i^iaiit.
Whotlior tho riurnioiaii nnvi;;iilors, Carthai.^inian
nuriliauts, or Uoman oonipicrors ovor sottlod on tho
'■ Iviiok," iloos not appear, and it is prohahlo thai tho
nuliinil stroii;;th of tli(> position was llrst notiooil in
till' lii".tiiiiiin'-' of tho oi;;hlh ooiifiirv, whon tho Sara-
I'tiis or Moors invadod and mado Ihoinsolvos iiiasiors
ol' Spain. Tho particiilais of this oxtraordiiiary in-
vaslmi would ho out of plaoo in a work of this naluro,
siiltii'o it to sav, that 'I'arif l'".hn /aroa, a !;onoral
iinilor Iho Mooriih sovori'i'tn or ('ali|di Alwalid fhn
.■Midiilmalio, laiulod .\.n. 71-', with an .inny of r,!,i'iiO
laoii, for Iho oompiost of Spain, and iiavo onlors for
till' ori'otion of a stron;:; casllo on tho I'aoo of Iho
rmiiiiitiiin, lor tin purpose of koopiii',; np his commii-
niintiim with .Xt'iiea — the remains of wliieli at present
csist, tliim!;h its eonipleliou hire Iho dale ,\ n. 7'J.'").
I'rnia this period Mons ("alpo took tho name of (lihrl
Tiirif (lioiieo (iihrallar), or inoniitain of 'I'arif, in
i'iiin|ilinioiit to tho vietorious Sarneen (;onoral.
Diiriiii; the Moorish oecupntiou of tlu' Spanish
ti'iiiliiry, (iihialtiir ineroasoil in iinportanee, thon;j;h
itsstionnth eoulil not have boon vorv i;reat, as it was
I'lipliiri'il from the Moors with a small detaehment of
Iniiips hy Koiilmaml, Kini; of Castile, iti tho heivin-
nni'^ iiftho tourtooiilli eenlury ; tho fortress remainoil
in till' possession of tho S|>aniaids until .-v n. lll.'t !,
wlu'ii .Muiiiieliipio, son to tho I'-inporor oT l'"e/, who
linil lioi'ii (lospaiohod to tho assistanoo of the Moorish
kiiii; of (ironada, laid sii'ijo to (iihrallar, wliieh alter
live iiiiinl lis' atlnek surrendered to tho ■M'rieans.
Almi/(i \I,, an amhitious and warlike piinoo, then
imtlio tlinmo of Castile, attonipted Iho rei-aplure of
this iiiiporlaiit station live days after ils re-oeenpation
liy till' Moors; hut Mahomet Kini; of lirenadr,, loiii-
iiii; Aliomoliipio's forees, .so honitnod in the hesiopors
as liM'iiiiipol Iheiii to raise tho siei;o. In the hoi,'in-
iiiiii; of Ktl'.t, Aloiizo a(;ain iillonipted the eoinpiesl
III tiilirnllar, hut his avmy was I'oreod to retire on the
Ji'atli of the C'lisliliau niiuiuroh, '21lh Miueli, l,t,''iO.
I'ntil 1-110 A.n. the (loseendaiils of Ahoineliipie eon-
linnod in ipiiet piissession of (iihiallar, when .hisiif,
the third Kiup; of (irenada, availing himself of infos,
tine feuds in the jjiiriison, took possession thereof ;
hut the Cironadian .\leaiile was dri\ on out hy a revolt
of the people in the eiisuinv: \oar, and the I'lnperor of
Mor
loeo solioiloi
the iiihahilMiIs to lake the fort-
ress under his protoelinn , aeoo'diniily lie sent his
hrolher Sayd to their relief, will, 1,000 horse and
'.',000 foot ; the Kim; of (iienada resoUiii^. however,
hofore it
lloet iind ariiiv. and the Moioeeo
I o repossess hiniselfof (iihialtar, appoarei
ill I II I, with a hi
troops, aflor sulVerinj; irieal hardship were ohh;.;ed to
suhmit to the superior streni;lli of their eiieiin .
In ll!(."i, Henry do (luzinan, Count Ay Niolila, lost
his lifo 111 aniittaek upon (iihraltar. Tho son of this
ludortiinate noliloinan (.lolin |)o <!ii::inan, lliiko do
Medina Sidonia) was liowevor, more sneeessiul in
I lli'J, havinc; aided in tho final rapture of (iihialtar
from the Moors, who had retaino.l possession of the
fortress for 7H yens. Henry IV. of Castile and
loon was so lejoieod at the eonipiost, that he added
(iihraltar to his roviil titles, ((iihrallar had li< relot'ore
heen till' eliiof city in the kinitdom of .\hoiiieliipie')
'/(■v. a eastlewilh a key pen
and
iave it for arms H
daiil to the s;ate, i>r, (alliidini; to its hoinn the key to
till' ModilorranoaiO whieh arms have hoon eoiiliimod
down to the present day.
Ill 1 Ml'.', diirini; Iho roi::n of I'l rdiiiatid ami Isa-
holla, (iihrallar was nnne\od to the Crown of Spam
instead of lieiie; under the eontrol oi the Uiiko I'e
Medina Siiloni.i, hut lis sin ui^lh eonld not have hoon
1 in l-"ilO, as we Iind I'lali llniiiet, one of
and pilla;;ed (iihial-
voiy i;rea
Harharossa's euptains, siirprisei
lar. Dinini; the rei'^n however, of Charles V , the
fort ilieat ions of Iho town wore inodorni/.ed, and froiu
additions made hy Daniel Speekel, the l''.inperor's eil-
(;ini'er, it was lhoii);ht to he impro;':iiahlo.
While under the tiovernnient of Spain, (iihraltar
vas II plaee upon wliieli divers
kiin
;s of Spain
had
hoslowod special privilei;es on aeeonnt of its present-
ing; the first point of attack from ll
M.
if Itar
hary. Amoni; oilur privilei;es hy l''erdiuand IV. and
Aloiizo \l , il was declared to he a place of rofioje
ir all
niiilelaelois, heiu'.; n salci^uaid a
lid
iroteetloii
t;ranli'd them not only while tlino, hut a re-idcnoo of
a vr:ir conferred the saiiio piivilo'
'Isowhero. This
proloetion, however did not extend to Ireason, to
lakii
ij; a mans wi
I'e from him, or to hioakin;;a treatv
hv III
iim;
nor did the
ileolioii extenil
1
iiionlioued eriines
to those eomnnttinj; the ahov
wilhiii Ihe terrlory.
I.illle further is known of (iihrallar until the year
1701, when Sir (ieori;e Uooko, who had heen sent
into the Moditerianeiin with n lari;e fleet to assist
Charles Arehduke of .Nustria ill reeoveriiit; the crown
of Spain, lindiiii; nolhiii); of iinpoitaiiee lo he done,
enllod a council of war on the J 7th July, 1701, iicnr
Itii
i
'• ■' t 'M
i
■*■-?.?
•'!-■' :i
'JfiO
GIBRALTAR.— HISTORY, GEOGRAPHY
Tctimn, where, after several schemes were proposed
(sucli as a second attack on Cadiz) and rejected, it
was resolved to attempt the con(|uest of Gibraltar.
On the 21st July, the lleet arrived in the hay ; 1,S00
English and Dutch were landed on the isthmus
under the command of the I'rince of Hesse D'Arm-
stadt ; the governor was summoned to surrender,
and on his refusal, a cannonade was opened on the
town by the ships, under the orders of Admirals
Byng and Vanderdussen. In five or six hours the
enemy were driven from their f,uns, especially from
the New Molchcad, which the admiral wishing to
possess himself of, ordered Captain Whitakcr, with
the armed boats, ashore; Cai)tains Hicks and Jum-
per, however, first pushed ashore in their pitmaces,
upon which the Spaniards blew up the fortifications,
killing two lieutenants and forty men, and wounding
sixty. Notwithstanding this slaughter, the British
kept i)Ossession of their ground, and being now joined
by Captain Whitaker, advanced and took ))ossession
of a small bastion, halfway between the mole and the
town. The Governor being again summoned, thought
it prudent to capitulate, for although the works
were strong, mounting 100 pieces of cannon, well
apjiointed with atiimunition and stores, yet the gar-
rison consisted of but 150 men, exclusive of the
inhabitants ; hostages were therefore exchanged, and
on the 24th July, 1704, the Prince of Hesse took
possession of the gates of Gibraltar, after a loss on
the side of the British, — killed, two lieutenants, one
master, and fifty seven sailors ; and in wounded, one
captain, seven lieutenants, one boatswain, and 207
sailors.
Gibraltar has ever since continued in the hands of
the English ; not, however, without freciucnt attempts
of their enemies to wrest it from them. For the
sieges, &c. see [Colonial Lihrnnj, vol. vii.|.
Until our occupation of Gibraltar, the following
were the principal rulers: — KiOit-JO, Ferdinand IV.,
King of Castile, took Gibraltar from the Moors, and
lived here a short time. The place not of much im-
])ortance before this time; 115.'$ 1, Don Vasco Perez de
Meyra was Governor; 1.33.'5, Abomelic, son of the
Emperor of Fez, took Gibraltar, and added it to his
royal titles ; 1,349-.'J0, Albubacen, son of Albnhacen
(of Fez) was in possession of Gibraltar; 1427, Gib-
raltar was under the usurper and tyrant Mahomet,
called the little; 14(52, Don Juan dc Guzman, first
Duke of the House of Medina Sidonia, took Gil)raltar
from the Moors, and Henry IV. of Castile took the
title of King of Gibraltar, as Abomelic had done be-
fore in 1333 ; 1402, Pedro de Porras was made Go-
vernor by Henry, afterwaids Don Bertrand del Cueva.
The duke of Medina recov> -' . it, and it was added to
his titles ; l.')02, Gibraltar was united to the crown of
Ferdinand and Isabella, and had Spanish governors
till 1704; 1704, Marquis de Salinas, the Spanish
governor.
Since the British conciucst, the following is the
succession of governors, commandants, &c. of the
fortress of Gibraltar, from 1704 to the year 1K3."): —
Prince of Hesse, 1704 ; Major-gen. Ramos, Gov., 170.'');
Col Elliott, 170f>; (Jen Stanwix, 1711 ; Colonel
Congreve, 1713; Col. Cotton 1710; Major Battc-
reau, 171H; Major Hetherington, 1719; Col. Kane,
1720; Lord Portmore, 1721 ; Colonel Hargrave, Com-
manding, 1722; General Clayton, 1728, General
Sabine, Governor, 1730; Gen. Columbine, 1739;
General Clayton, Governor, General Hargrave, Com-
manding, 1739; General Bland, 174ft; Lord George
Beauelcrc, 1751; Colonel Herbert, 1752; General
Braddock, 1754; General Fowkes, Governor, 1751;
Lord Tyrawley, 1750; Earl of Panmure, Commaiid,
1757: Lord Home, Governor, 1758; Colonel Tovpy,
1701; General Parslow, 1701; General Cornwallis,
1702; General Irwine, 1700; General Cornwallis,
1707; Gener."l Bovd, Lieut. -gov. 1709; Gener.ii
Cornwallis, 1709; General Elliott, Governor, 1777-
General O'llara, Commanding, 1787; Sir Robert
Boyd, Governor/ 1791 ; General Rainsford, Com-
manding, 1794; General O'Hara, Oovernor, 17;»5;
(ieneral Barnett, Commanding, 1802 ; Duke of Kent,
Governor, 1802; Sir T. Trigge, Lieut. -gov. 1m(i;j;
Gen. Fox, Lieut. -gov. 1805; General Drummoml,
Command. 1800; Sir Hew Dalrymjile, Comtnaiid,
1800; General Drummond, Command. 1838; Sir ,1.
Cradock, Command. 1809; General Campbell, l.iciit.-
gov. 1810; General Smith, Command. 1814; (ici.
Sir G. Don, Lieut. -gov. 1814; F^arl of Chatham,
Governor, 1820 ; Gen. Sir G. Don, Lieut. -gov. In-.'.');
Lieut. -gen. Sir W. Houston, Lieut. -gov. 1831 ; Ma.
jorgen. Sir Alexander Woodford, Lieut. -gov. Is35.
III. Gibraltar mountain or promontory (loimiiig
with that of Ceuta upon the opposite coast of Har-
bary, the narrow channel which connects the Atiaii-
tic Ocean with the Mediterranean) is of an ohloii"
form, in a direction from north to south two miles
and three quarters, a breadth no where oxceedini
three-quarters of a mile, and with a circumference oi
about seven miles. The greatest length of the penin-
sula, from Forhcs's barrier to the Hag-staff of lOirdpa,
is 4,700 yards ; the breadth, from the New Mole to
the sea, at the back of tlie Rock, 1,000 yards; from
Europa Point, in the south of Gibraltar to Cahrifa
Point, on the Spanish side, (which two ])oints form
the mouth of the bay) 10,945 yards. The area of
Gibraltar and the adjacent neutral is thus s'ated : —
Neutral ground (including gardens, meadow and
arable ground), 100 acres; North Glacis, three ami
a half acres; Convent grounds, two and a i|iiartpr;
South Glacis, seven ; Alamida and gnjunds to south
barracks, thirty-three and tin-ee-quarters ; hack of
south barracks to upper boundary of Commissioners'
garden, eight ; gardens bel.ind the naval oltictrS
(piarters, as high as cultivation extends, twelve and
three-quarters; north ditch, about one-quarter;
south ditto, one-(|uarter; farms up the hill, ton;
Government grounds below Europa fiats, three and a
quarter; parterres and gardens attached to houses
within the town of Gibraltar, 10: total, 197 acres.
The summit is a sharp, craggy ridge, running from
north to south, the greatest elevation being to the
southward, where sugar Loaf Point rises to 1,43'.)
feet above the sea level ; Rock Mortar, the highest
point to the northward, is 1,350 feet, and Signal
House, the central point between the two, has an
elevation of 1,270 feet.
The promontory is unequally divided by the ahove
mentioned ridge, the side next to the Mediterranean
being narrower and much steeper than that next the
bay, on which stands the town and fortitications.
The west side of the mountain is a series of rugged
slopes, interspersed with abrupt precipices; the cast
mostly consists of a range of precipices, but a hank of
sand, rising from the Mediterranean in a rapid accli-
vity, covers one-third of its perjiendicular height;
the southern extremity of the promontory falls in a
rapid slope from the Sugar Loaf summit uito a rocky
flat called Windmill Hill, forming half an oval, and
bounded by a range of precipices, at tlu' .southern
base of which a second rocky flat takes place similar
in form and extent to Windmill Hill, and also like
it siirroum
tenninatioi
called Eurc
tar is conm
perjicndicu
wheie wha
narrow pass
fiat, sandy
height of wl
exceed ten
yards; abou
and near thi
from the ot
shape of thi
the west ant
irregular, th
the Spanish
Bay sides, so
at eight to tei
Gibraltar I
mountain, is i
in breadth up'
hetween 30 to
the fortress ai
vol. vii.]
In 1783, the
the garrison, c
follows : —
Cannon, ~T\
liitto, 149; 18
1 ditto, 31; 4 i
Miirliirs. — Tl
13; 5 and 4 dit
Howitzers. — '
Total, 32. Gra
There are nov
The streets of
most deplorable
and cleansed, ai
going on. Mai
widened, several
ventilation prom
IV. Gibraltar
Ileiinenj is comj
primary marble,
various thickne'si
'lipping from eas
(Ifgrees. [See v
V- The Anda
eelehrated for its
''ons, of late year
(icfily healthy, ex
raatic constitutioi
«arm, the hottest
'"Id September; a
and February. Sr
"licker than a doll
If '<> July, to 5(
erain affect mo
iie solar heat. 1
f'ghtofthe baro
^^"62-100. Hail
'e"ce, and is gene
«°™. not unfreqJ
""ig.corruscations
"<: phenomena are
,]™ over the rock
[direction from W
■ .""""teanda-half.n
"'period often ye
r^°f rainy davs
crnor, 1"'>1 ;
e, Conimnml,
nlonel Tovpy,
I Cornvvnllis,
,1 Cornwallis,
'f)9; GrmTiil
vcrnor, 1777 •,
; Sir Roliert
nsford, Com-
,'criior, 17'.».'>;
Uuke of Kent,
it.-gov. 1H03;
I IJrummonil,
le, Cominimil.
,. iftSS ; Sii- J.
mpbell, l.ii'ut.-
d. 1814 ; (iiMi.
•1 of Chatham,
Eut.-gov. Ix-.Ti;
:)V. 1831 ; Ma-
lt. -gov. 18;?.').
ntory (I'oriiiiii!?
; coast of Har-
riects the Atlan-
s of an oblnnz
south two miles
vherc excecclinu'
;ircumfcreiKC ol
;th of the iicnin-
;-staff of Kuniiia,
he New Mole to
COO yards •, from
i-altar to Cabrita
two joints form
rds. ThP area of
is thus seated :—
lis, meadow and
[Glacis, three ami
) and a (luarter;
jrroimds to south
larters ; hack of
,f ConimisMimers'
lie naval oHicerS
tends, twelve and
)ut oue-ciuarter;
up the hill, ten;
tiats, three and a
ached to houses
total, l',t7 acres,
ice, running from
tion being to the
nt rises to \M>
lortar, the highest
feet, and Signal
the two, has an
ided by the above
he Mediterranean
than that next the
and fortitications.
series of riiggeil
•ecipiees ; the east
,ices,but abankot
u in a rapid acch-
lendicnlar height;
Imontory falls ma
Immit into a rocky
I half nu oviil, and
I at the .southern
Itakes place ^inHl;"'
Hill, and also W
GIRRALTAR.— GEOGR.APHY, GEOLOGY, AND CLIMATE.
501
it surrounded by a precipice, the extreme southern
termination of which is washed by the sea and
called Kuropa Point. The iinrthrrn jjoint of Gibral-
tar is connected with the main land and is perfectly
perpendicular, except towards the north - west,
where what are called the Lines intervene, and a
narrow passage of flat ground that leads to the low.
Hilt, sandy isthmus, or neutral ground, the greatest
height of which above the level of the sea, (Iocs not
exceed ten feet ; its breadth near Gibraltar, 'J.'iO
yards; about midway to the garrison, 1,200 yards;
and near the Spanish Lines, (which are 1,(J50 yards
from the outworks of Gibraltar) l,7r>0 yards. The
shape of this isthmus, which has Gibraltar Bay on
the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east, is
irregular, the sand extending considerably beyond
the Spanish Lines, both on the Mediterranean and
Bay sides, so that its circumference may be estimated
at eight to ten miles.
Gibraltar Bay, situate on the west side of the
mountain, is nearly eight miles and a haif long, and
in breadth upwards of five ; the circumference being
lietwecn 30 to 40 miles. [A minute description of
the fortress and adjacent coast, in Culonial Lihninj,
vol. vii.]
In 1783, the total number of guns serviceable in
the garrison, consisted of i'lC/i pieces of artillery, as
follows : —
Cannon. — Thirty-two pounders, 77 ; 24 and 20
ditto, 149; 18 ditto, 113 ; 12 ditto, 74 ; 9 ditto, IG;
fi ditto, 31 ; 4 and 3 ditto, 01. Total, .'■)21.
;liw7r(/s.— Thirteen inch, 29 ; 10 ditto, 3; 8 ditto,
13 ; 5 and 4 ditto, Ci. Total, 110.
Howitzers. — Ten inch, 19 ; 8 ditto, 9 ; 5i ditto, 4.
Total, 32. Grand total, 003.
There are now more than 1,000 guns mounted.
The streets of Gibraltar, which were formerly in a
most deplorable state, are now well paved, lighted,
and cleansed, and extensive imi)rovcments arc daily
going on. Many of the narrow streets have been
widened, several alleys entirely removed, and free
ventilation promoted by all possible means.
IV, Gibraltar (according to Major Imrie and Dr.
HennenJ is composed chiefly of a rick of grey, dense
primary marble, the beds or stra>.d of vvhicli are of
various thickness, from 20 to upwards of 40 feet,
dipping from east to west at an angle of nearly 3;')
degrees. [See vol. vii. Colonial Lihrari/.]
V. The Andalusian atmosphere has long been
celebrated for its salubrity, and with some excep-
tions, of late years the climate of Gibraltar is deci-
dedly healthy, except for hard drinkers and phleg-
matic constitutions. The temperature is decidedly
«arm, the hottest months being June, July, August,
and September ; and the coldest December, January,
and February. Snow rarely falls, and ice is seen no
thicker than a dollar ; and the mercury ranges from
''i" in July, to ;")()" in January : but the winds and
the rain affect more acutely the animal frame than
the solar heat. From 1816 to 1827, the greatest
height of the barometer was 30" 90-100 — the lowest
2SH2-100. Hail occasionally falls with much vio-
lence, and is generally accompanied by a thunder-
storm, not unfreriuently preceded by brilliant light-
ning, corruscations and falling stars, and other meteo-
I fie phenomena are observable. In 17.">'<, a tire-ball
shot over the rock with prodigious swiftness, in a
I direction from W. to E., and after the space of a
jrainuteand a half, exploded with a very loud report.
Inaperiod often years, from 1810 to 182.5, the num-
[wrof rainy days m each month was — January, 91 ;
4 c
February, 71; March, 02; April, 101; May, 01;
June, 18; July, 4; August, 9; September, 29 ; Oc-
tober, !>1 ; Noveniber, 9.'> ; December, 88. Total,
Of^O.
But although the greatest number of rainy days is
shewn to have been in April, the (junntUii of rain
falling is greatest in January. The heaviest rains are
accompanied with south-east winds, those from the
south of east being raw, black, and bleak, and termed
a " genuine Levanter," dislodging numerous masses
of rock, which roll down the hill with prodigious
violence.
Winds arc divided into east and west ; the dura-
tion of each may be seen by the following meteorolo-
gical records from the books of the principal medical
oflicer's oHice: —
nimhfrom 1810 to 181,'').
In 1810, wind E. 104 day^ ; W. 194 days ; Var. 7 days.
1811, . 198 . 100 . 7
1H12, . 159 . 189 . 18
1813, . 233 . 114 . 18
1814, . 219 . 133 . 13
1815, . 200 .161 .4
Total, 1173 951 07
The easterly winds are most prevalent in July,
August, and September, and westerly in December,
January, and May. It is probable, from the observa-
tions of Ayala, Mr. Carter, and others, that the easterly
winds prevailed formerly more extensively than at pre-
sent, and that Gibraltar, like other places, has ex-
perienced a great change of climate ; how far the latter
and the rains afi'ect the health of the troops in this im-
portant garrison, is a point of the utmost importance.
Memoranda relative to mortality from yellow fever
at Gibraltar in five years in which it has appeared,
since 1804 inclusive.
1804. — Military (including ofticers), 809; civilians,
4,804. Total, 5,733.
1810. — Military, 0; civilians, 17. Total, 23.
1813.— Military, 391 ; civilians, 508. Total, 889.
1814.— Military, 114; civilians, 132. Total, 240.
Greatest number of deaths in September; disease be-
gan to decline from 0th October ; no admissions or
deaths after the 20th November.
1828.— Military, 507; civilians, 1,170. Total, 1677.
Greatest number of deaths on the 10th October; dis-
ease began to decline about the middle of November ;
last death on the 14th January, 1829.
For many interesting points relative to the yellow
fever of Gibraltar, see article Yellow Fever, by Dr.
Gilkrest (to whom I am indebted for the preceding
facts), in the Cyclopicdia of Practical Medicine; and
my " Colonial Library."
This table of the diseases from which the greatest
mortality usually arises, shews the occurrences among
the troops at Gibraltar, during four ordinary {i.e. not
epideniicl years.
^
^
^
A
J3
.c
O 4CM
— 'tiaj
»i si*
K 6C^
Sg:2
--S"
-S"
-S"
Diseases.
OS
«j
03
=1
4
=1
z;S
^1
4
^1
■o
..2
4
,50K
8
t-
11
t-.
440
!»
23M
Kcvers .
.14.'-|
2
DysentericAffectioiifi
4;<«
8
46h
1
3 1'.'
1
241
1
Hepatic ditto
.51
1
31 1
24
24
3
Hiilmoiiic ditto
e-(i
24
S4S ig
481
18
411
24
Total
1 «().-,
-11
13 Hi)
:i2
1263
28
<i<m
3U
Ii ;r
" !
:il
:.r,2
Occurrences in regard to diseases, &c., in a regi-
ment stationed for nine years at (iibraltar : — Arrived
in ttie garrison, November, IH2'.\, strei)f!;tli lieing 5;<;» ;
reinforcements witiiin tlie period, 329 ; invalided or
sent to England for the recovery of health, 69 ;
average strength annually, 507 ; average deaths an-
nually, 5 7-inths.
Deaths in nine ordinary (i. e. not epidemic) years,
in the regiment referred to : — Fevers (remittent), '.i ;
ditto (continued), 9; intlammation of the lungs, 3 ;
inflammation of the bowels, 2 ; liver complaints, 3 ;
phthisis, 21 ; dysentery, (i ; other diseaces and acci-
dents, 10; total in nine years, r>7.
VI. The earliest census I have been enabled to
obtain is thus given by Colonel James. A list of
constant inhabitants, taken March 20th, 1 753 : —
Those of Great Britain. Number of men, women,
buys, and girls, 331; Navy and V'ctualling Office,
8,1 ; Genoa, 597; Spain, 185; Portugal, 25; Jews,
572 ; total. 1,793.
The next census was taken the 28th September,
1754:—
Roman Catholics : — men, 250 ; women, 1 12 ; boys,
135 ; girls, 295. Jews, 604 ; British, I have not
heard there was any account taken ; suppose the same
as in the year 1753,414; total, 1810.
The total number of military supposing the four
regiments complete, 2,800; Artillery, 107; Officers,
military and civil, to complete the four regiments,
182; number of women, military, and children, 1,42();
total number of Britons, civil, 414 ; military, 4,452 ;
total, 4,866.
The number of Catholics short of the Protestants,
4,074 ; the number of souls of all sects in the garri-
son, 6,260.
The resident aliens are composed of the following
nations : —
GIRRALTAR.— CMMATE, POPULATION.
Males.
Females.
c
tn
CA
U>
4->
CQ
e3
cd
— ta
<U
CJ
9 .
S)-^
Nation.
■-*> a;
CI 60
'M 60
71 to
C°^
— s
— t ea
^ C3
S!<*-
ir, '-
<3J t—
U <^
s°
■S °
^ o
w o
«M
x>
a
SI
c
o
<
^
<
^
British Subjects
402
33
406
33
874
Native Christians
1893
1901
2245
1937
7976
Native Jews
395
183
484
210
1272
Barbary Jews .
315
-
37
1
353
Brazilians . .
8
-
7
-
15
French . . .
40
-
21
1
62
Dutch . . .
2
-
-
-
2
Germans . . .
21
-
2
-
23
Genoese . . .
736
8
367
5
1116
Greeks . . .
5
-
-
-
5
Ionian Islands .
6
-
-
-
6
Italians . . .
120
-
19
-
139
Moors . . .
13
2
1
-
16
Portuguese . .
414
4
261
5
674
Prussians . .
1
-
-
-
1
Spaniards . . .
878
32
1520
30
2460
South Americans
3
-
5
-
8
Swedes . . .
1
-
-
-
1
Swiss ....
-
-
1
-
1
Turks . . .
1
-
-
-
1
Citizens of the
United States
2
—
1
-
3
Total .
5256
2163
5367
2222
15008
The census of the civil population, since 1754, is
thus stated: — 1791, mouths, 2,885; 1801, 5,3:'.'.);
1807, 7,501; 1811, 11,173; 1813, 12,423; 1814,
10,137; 1816, 11,401 ; 1817, 10,737.
A Colonial Office manuscript furnishes the follow-
ing statement.
in
White and
Coloured Free
People.
Persons
employed.
to
■c
at
Males.
Female
Agri. Com.
Q
1825
8240
7240
• •
685
78
33:i
1826
8193
7248
, ,
, ,
852
77
550
1827
8480
7914
110
317
732
56
1600
1828
8480
7914
93
307
622
85
381
1829
8752
8272
, ,
, ,
529
74
332
1830
8752
8272
113
1095
535
89
362
1832
, ,
, ,
, ,
. .
456
65
3r,7
1833
, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
515
89
33^
1834
7419
7589
A number of aliens were, on a revision of permits,
warned to leave the garrison in 1832.
Occiipntiuns of the Inhiibilnnts. — 160 Merchants;
226 Shopkeepers; 303 Clerks; 48 Landed Proprietors;
4 Lawyers and Notary Publics; 24 Doctors and Apn.
tlu'caries; 99 in Government Civil Service; I'J in
Religious Establishments ; 25 Brokers ; 309 Hawkers
and Dealers; 1,042 Tradesmen and Mechanics; 43
Wine and Spirit Dealers ; 267 Gardeners, Brokers,
Butchers, Fruit and Milk Sellers ; 880 Tobacconists'
and Cigar Makers ; 408 Mariners, Boatmen, Li:,'htir-
men, and Fishermen ; 646 Porters, Labourers, Carters,
Coachmen, and Water-Carriers ; 2,473 Servants,
Laundresses, and Seamstresses; 364 Miscellaneous,
The following are without employment or assistnigiii
domestic affairs — 625 men; 1,985 boys; 2,957 women;
2,101 girls; total, 15,001.
The statistical returns of the Board of Trade state
the population of Gibraltar in 1831 thus : —
Area in square miles, 1*. Whites — males, S,741;
females, 8,268. Blacks — males, 11; feniiiles, 4.
Total, 8,752 males, 8272 females. Aliens anil resident
strangers, 6,908. Proportion to square mile, 10,214.
Persons employed in agriculture, 113; in commerce,
1,095. Births, 456; marriages, 65 ; deaths, 307.
The following return is to January, 1835.
Civil Population of Gibraltar and Territory.
Number
of Houses
or
Dwellings
\ umber
of
Persons.
p 1
Within the Walla of the Town
On the southern part of the Rock
On North Front outside the")
Gates, and tlie Kisliing Vil-
lage at Catalan Bay, at the V
foot of the Eastern side of the 1
Rock J
Living in fiovernment Quarters
1384
330
67
i;i8
368
300
1
■ ISOOS
Total . .
1781
The foregoing population consists of males, 7,419;
females, 7,589; total, 15,008. Of whom 10,122 art
natives and British subjects, and 4,886 resident aliens.
There is much poverty among the poorer classes at
Gibraltar, especially among the aliens : the 1o»m |
order of Moors and Jews have a filthy appearance: i
they wear a sort of frock composed of llimsy blanket-
* The house is s
"1 Gibraltar.
fPligious instructio
large class of the p
masters from Eng
"lent, occasioned a
as well as the currc
, ♦ The several lo.
""nofthechaj.lain
Il
OlBRAI/rAR.— POPUl.ATION, RELIGION, EDUCATION.
563
since 17.')4, is
1801, ri,3;v.);
2.423; 1814,
les the follow
c
5
S.52
732J
622
529
535
45f)
515
(A
«,
,
a
'u
^
a
rt
S
Q
78
77
56
85
74
89
65
89
5.10
1600
381
3;!2
: 362
I 367
1 33>*
ision of permits,
■ 160 Merchants;
ided Proprietors;
)octors and Apo-
Service; \'J in
rs; 309 Hawkers
1 Mechanics; 43
rdeners, Brokers,
■180 Tobacconists'
loatmen, Li;;htw-
Eiboarers, Carters,
2,473 S(M-vaiits,
")4 Misci'lliincous.
;nt or assisting in
ys; 2,957 women;
ird of Trade state
thus : —
s — males, S,741 ;
1 1 ; femnles, 4.
liens and resident
larc mile, 10,214.
,1 3 ; in commerce,
deaths, 3C7.
y, 1835.
d Territory.
i of males, 7,419;
I whom 10,122 are
186 resident aliens.
|e poorer classes at
lliens : the lo«>
Ifllthy appearanei
1 of flimsy blanket-
inc:, with a hood and sleeves for wet weather ; loose
cotton drawers, open at the knees, the h';;s bare, the
feet in clumsy slippers, and skull-cap of greasy wol-
len ; this garb is frt'cpicntly worn night and day until
it drops to pieces. Provisions, such as beef, mutton,
lainh, &c , procured from .Spain or Marbary, are good,
but rather higli priced; fish is plentiful, but the chief
dish of the lower orders is called •^^mptirlu), and is
composed of water, vinegar, oil, capsicums, garlic,
and salt, into which l)read is broken : all the family
sit round the bowl, each person helping himself with
a wooden spoon. The usual beverage is Spanish wine,
from Malaga and Catalonia.
VII. Cliiirclicn, Lirins;s, If^-c, uf Glhraltur in 1836.
[B. 15.] Gibraltar — 1,414 Protestant population;
value of living, 300/. per annum and 100/. allowed for
house unt ; church situate on the Line Wall ; will
contain 1,048 persons ; number of persons generally
attending, from 900 to 1,000 at 11 o'clock and less
than half that number at six o'clock ; chapel situate
at the convent, and will contain about 300. The
clmpel is at i)resent closed. Dissenting places of
Worship — one Wesleyan Methodist chapel, and four
Jewish synagogues.
One Roman (Jatholic Churcli, called St. Mary the
Crowned, at Gibraltar ; Catholic population by the
Lite census, 11,900; value of living, 100/. per annum
from government and 200/. from funds of the church
arising fro,"n fees on baptisms, Sec. ; the church is
situated in the main street of Gibraltar, and, when
completely full, will contain 2,500 persons ; number
of [lersons generally attending, about 10,000. There
is no chapel pro|)erly so called. For the accommoda-
tion of the troops and inhabitants of the South Dis-
trict, a room is rented in which divine service is
performed. This room will with dilliculty contain
about 70. As will be seen from the foregoing return,
the church is rjuitc inadequate to contain the whole
congregation at one time. Service is therefore per-
formed several times in the course of the day, by
which means thr inconvenience is in a great measure
though not wholly got over.
A spacious Protestant church has been erected
within the last few years, and a Protestant chapel, in
the building called the Convent, the residence of the
Governor or Lieutenant Governor ; also a Roman
Catholic Church within the walls of the town, and a
small Roman Catholic Chapel in the district called
"The South;" the clergymen lieing generally Genoese.
There are four Jewish synagogues.
VIII. Of public schools there is one small garrison
school, and also regimental schools in each of the
corps stationed in the fortress ; the numl)ers attend-
ing being 176 males, and 138 females; total, 314.
A school for children of different persuasions ; the
number in 1835 being about 1,200.
The public- library at Gibraltar is one of the finest
in Europe ; the patriotic Colonel Drinkwater may be
considered its founder, in 1793. The medical library,
as also that founded by the merchants, are of more
recent origin.
Schools, &c. of Gibraltar in 1836. [B. B.]
Public or Free School, and
where situated.
Salary of
Schoolmaster
or
Schoolmistress.
No. of Scholars.
Mode of
Instruction.
How supported,
1
°1
a,
a
o
and Amount i c m
of Contribution. , x"S
i w g
i
St. Mary, the
Gibraltar. Crowned, Gibr. Gibraltar.
Public school, free to children
whose parents are too poor
to pay for their instruc-
tion.*
Public school, situated partly
in a building rented for the
purpose, and partly in a
room adjoining, and be-
longing to the Catholic
Church.t
Regimental schools in each
of the corps stationed in
the fortress ; viz. in the
artillery, 33rd, 47th, 62nd,
60th, 68th, and 82nd regi-
ments.!
Head-mas. 360/.;
assistant, 216/.;
mistress, 360/.
Master and three
assistants.
A sergeant of
each corps,
with the re-
gimental pay.
151
300
169
74
118
225
300
287
Dr. Bell's
system.
The Lancas-
terian.with
some modi-
fications.
Dr. Bell's
system.
By voluntary
subscript. 807/. ;
payments by
children 122/.
Wholly by vol.
contributions
from the Catholic
community.
By Government,
10/. per annum
for each.
972/.
2400/.
per
annum
The house is granted by Government for the purposes of the school. There are also eight private schools
in Gibraltar. f This school was instituted on the 1st January, 1836, with a view to combine with
religious instruction and general education a diffusion of the knowledge of the English language among a very
large class of the population heretofore unacquainted with it. For this purpose, it was necessary to provide
masters from England, which, with the expense necessarily attendant on the formation of a new establish-
ment, occasioned an outlay greatly exceeding the sum mentioned in the foregoing return. These expenses,
as wel as the current ones of the school, were defrayed by an extraordinary voluntary collection.
♦ The several regimental schools provided for according to his Majesty's regulations, are under the inspec-
tion of the chaplain of the forces, o J J a I
■»
n
n
:' ij 1
■if.l
filDRALTAR.— KUUCATION, CRIMK AND GAOLS.
IX. Number of Prisoners in the Gaols of Gibraltar throughout the Year since 1828. [U. IJ.J
(.'
\W
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No.
of Felons. ,. Nf-.of
tried Prisoners.
No. of untried
Prisoners.
.
» j
«;
>^
Male
Fm. Totl.
1
1
MaleJ Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm. Totl.
1
Male Fm.
Totl.
Male Fm.
Totl. Male
Fm.
Totl.
^
IH28 23
4 27
9
^__
9
11
1
12
3
3
6
4
3
7 1 10
1
11 1
182!)! 27
4 31
13
—
13
10
4
14
4
—
4
11
4
15
3
—
3
none
Ih:<0| 25
4 29
10
1
11
13
3 16
12
1
13
18
4
22
7
—
7
none
1831! 20
3 23
7
—
7
3
2
5
17
1
18
18
2
20
2
1
3
1
1832
22
2
24
10
—
10
2
1
3
1
1
2
17
2
19 i —
—
—
none
1833
35
3
38
5
—
5
34
3
37
1
—
1
33
3
36 2
—
2 none
1834
27
2
29
—
—
—
23
1
24
4
1
5
27
2
29 ; —
—
— 1
I8:<5
30
— ! 30
1 -
1
19
—
19
11
—
11
28
—
28 i 2
—
2
none
1836
36
3
39
2
~~~
2
34
3
37
2
2
36
3
39
—
none
X. The chief administration lies in the Governor,
who is of course the commander-in-chief of the
troops ; and the settlement is treated as a garrison
town. The laws of England are generally applied at
Gibraltar, and the Charter of Justice of 1830 provides
that the courts shall administer the law as nearly as
may be according to the practice of Westminster Hall.
Mtlitanj Estahlisliiiicnt uf Gibraltar. — Major-general,
aide-de-camp, colonel of engineers, assistant military
secretary, town major, town adj\itant, garrison
([uarter-master, garribon chaplain, provost marshal ;
1 company of sappers and miners, 5 companies of
royal artillery ; 5 regiments of tlie line at present, bii'
subject to variation. Six is the regular peace estab
lishment at the present strength of regiments.
The f illowing table shows the military strength of
the garrison for eighteen years.
Keiiirii of the Numbers and Distribution of tlie Effective
Force, Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, anil Raiilc and
File of the British Army at Gibraltar, in each year since
1815, including Artillery and Engineers.
Ofiicers present or on detached
duty at the station
•
c
bi
B
B
Q
Years.
C
i
1
2
X
c
1
2
B
V
3
13
a
be
'x
s
U
S
'i
< a
o
H
3
■A
*i IT.
a c
3 =
■ri s
•2
i
a
1816..
2
4
33
57
21
2
4 3
3
10
193
91
29fi7
1817..
2
6,35 71
28
4 4
4
6
229 HI
3826
1818..
3
6 34 .'il
20
4 4
2
6
199 k6
3392
i8ig..
1
4
6 40 43
25
3 3
3
6
176 81
3344
18-.!U..
.5
5
32 38
24
4 S
4
4
142 81
2869
1821..
4
6
27 34
27
4 5
5
4
130 86
2!)32
1822..
1
5
,5
27 41
1!)
4 3
4
3
12.^.50
26114
1823..
5
3
24 44
17
4 4
3
5
119 50
2533
1H24..
4
7
31) 43
19
3 4
5
3
123 48
2542
i823..
3
8
32 44
24
4 5
5
3
149 60
2987
1H26..
/
4
37 4S
1!)
ti (i
5
4
191 (19
3352
182-..
/
s
32 47
19
5 5
5
6
169 60
2982*
1828..
6
5
37 43
14
5 5
4
7
1726-.!
2«29»
1829. .
(i
6
48 .IS
24
5 6
6
12
19!) 6()
3519
18M0..
1
8
4
4() 47
23
4 5
5
8
196 7"
3531
1831..
7
5
35 30
24
4 5
7
9
19666
3310
1832..
8
2
35 4n
18
5
6 6
7
6
186 68
3105
1833..
5
4
32
''
17
5
4 6
5
7
194
..
3188
* Exclusive of two regiments detached to Lisbon, and
including one from Malta.
XI. The Revenue of Gibraltar is raised by means ol
the following taxes :
It'hiir/aiff Tall. — On all wines and spirits, strong
waters or cordials, landed or introduced into the gar-
rison, per butt, 4,v. 4d. : one moiety of which to bu
remitted as drawback on re-exportation. On all to-
bacco landed or introduced into the garrison, 4^1/. per
cwt. or per hogshead, 4s. 4d. ; one moiety of whicli to
be remitted as drawback on re-exportation. In ca.sc
of dispute as to weight, to be weighed at the exiiense
of the merchant.
Dittii's on fVini's. — On all wines consumed in ta-
verns, wine houses, canteens or other p\il)lic lioiiscs,
per gallon, 4(/. ; gauging do. do. O^ii. ; total per gal-
lon, 4i(Z.
Sj)irit.i, Strong Waters and Cardials, intmiled for
consumption in tlw. Ga/v/.vn.— For every gallon of
such spirits, strong waters or cordials, of any .strength
not exceeding the strength .if proof by Sykes'.s Hy.
drometcr, and so in proportion for any greater strength
than the strength of proof, and for any greater or less
quantity than a gallon, 2s. '2d. ; gauging fee per gal-
lon, U^rf. ; total per gallon, 2.v. '2id. A proportion of
six gallons of spirits to each pipe of wine is allowed
free of duty for the purpose of infusion, under the su-
perintendence of an officer belonging to the revenue
department.
Storage on Wines and Spirits. — On every botasso
or large butt, 5 rs. or Is. lOd. ; on every pipe, 4 rs.
or Is. r)Ji/. ; do. hogshead, 2 is. or 8i|//. ; do. quarter
cask, 1 r. or 4;^''- . ih^. ^>* gallon barrel, 10 qts. or
2'id.; do. Demijohn, 10 qts. or 2'j(/. ; do. ham|)ir
containing 54 bottles, 2 rs. or H'^d. ; do. ease con-
taining 12 do. 8 qts. or 2id.; do. do. 72 do. 2rs. or
Sid.
Auction Fees. — On all goods sold by auction, allow-
ing i per cent, to the auctioner, 2i per cent.
Wi'igltivg Fffs. — On all spices per cwt. 4.ii/. ; oil
and other fine merchandize per do. 2:ld. ; coarse goods
per cwt. 1(/. ; grain, and articles of measurement per
fanega, Q{d.
Duties and Fees on Licenses and other Police Matleri.
— Fees on Documents relating to Crown iirvperty mi
issued from the Crown Land Office. — Original grant of
ground under seal on paper, 6/. 18s. Hd.; transferor
partition or confirmation of ditto, 3/. 'Js. -Id. ; ap-
proval of a deed of mortgage, 3/. <Js. 4d. ; new lease,
6/. 18s. 8(/.
Casual f'l
bond, of wh
;i/. ys. 4(/.
Duties an
viince. — Tob
\d. ; hawker
cart do. 1^, C
■I/. i\s. Hd.
Duties ««i
niiice. — Tav(
tnhk do. do.
().«. I'id. ; win(
Shipping I
and vessels 11
iiiiinication v
tliniage of (
pursuance of
in lieu of the
l"or every i
Conip
Duty and gauf
Ditto dii
Wharfage toll
Rent of tavern
Kent of wine-h
Licenses for re
Auition fees
tlrnund and he
Kiifcs and dutii
Miscellaneous
Total
Government
Civil secretary'
Judicial departr
Revenue depart
Port departmen
Police rieimrtnu
Eccleiastical dei
Auditor of reve
Allowance to K
Pensions in Gib
Miscellaneous si
Reiiiittances to
Expenses on rev
The local revi
and expended f
town of Gibialt
hospital. The si
with public quai
ceiving 4392/. p,
liecapitulation
Paidbythecolonj^
'■i.oTO/,; contii'
B.J
itried I
jrs.
iTotlJ -"
11 1 1
3 'iione
7 [none
3j 1
— Inone
'i 'none
1
none
none
d by means of
spirits, strong
1 into the gar-
f wliicli to bu
in. On all to-
rison, -ikd. per
Bty of Nvhicii to
ation. In case
at the expense
insumed in ta-
pulilic houses,
; total per gal-
intended for
ivcry gallon of
any strength
by Sykes's Hy-
greater strength
greater or less
ng fee per gal-
A proportion of
wine is allowed
under the su-
to the revenue
n every botasso
very pipe, 4 rs.
,./. ; do. quarter
irrcl, 10 (Its. or
■ ; do. hampir
do. easecoK-
72 do. 2rs.or
auction, allow-
r cent,
cvvt. 4.'i(i.; oil
; coarse gooJj
leasurement ptt
r I'lilkeMatlen.
rn jiroiieitii mi
)riginal grant of
Hd.\ transfer ur
31. 'js. -hi. ; «P-
4d. ; new leas',
GinilALTAR.— GOVERNMENT
Carnal Police Fees. — Travelling passport, An. 4(i. ;
bond, of whatever nature, 1 7s. 4(/. ; marriage license,
■M. y.v. 4(/.
Duties iinil Fees on Licenses piiid (tnnunllij in ad-
nince. — Tobacconist license, 17.v. 4(/. ; ])ortcr do. 4«.
Ii/. ; hawiver do. II. f..«. ; broker do. 3/. 9s. 4i^ ; truck
cart do. \l, Cs, ; box cart Jo. 17*. 4d. ; eating houses,
.1/. t\s. Hd.
Duties and Fees on Licenses paid quarterly in ad-
ritnre. — Tavern licenses prr diem, 4.». Ad. ; billiard
tftlilc do. do. 4s. 4(/. ; retail wine and spirit store do.
(')>■. Tiii. ; wine house, Os. fid.
Shiiijiina; Duties. — These are now levied on ships
and vessels arriving at, touching at, or having coni-
nuinication with the town, territory, shipping or an-
clinrage of Gibraltar, and collected and received in
pursuance of the order in Council before referred to,
in lieu of the quarantine rates previously levied.
I'or every srpiare-riggcd ship, having three masts.
AND MIUTARY, FINANCES. 56S
2/. 3s. 4(/. ; for every brig, W. 14s. 8i/.; for every
schooner, sloop, xebeque, mistico, galliot, or other the
like kind of fore-and-aft rigged vessels, 1/. Is. 8J. ;
and for every small coasting vessel, 17s. Ad. And, in
addition to each of the foregoing rates, a further duty,
when the ship or vessel is liable to quarantine, of 8s.
M. For every day's attendance by a health guard,
when embarked, 4s. 4(/. ; for every visit by a health
guard to a vessel in quarantine, 2s. 2d. ; for every
day's attendance by a health guard, in superintending
the discharge of a vessel in quarantine, 8s. 8(/. ; for
every bill of health, 4». Ad. j for every endorsement
on a bill of health, 4s. Ad.
The Spanish authorities levy duties at the lines on
all articles passing into Gibraltar, varying from 6 to
23 per cent, of the market prices. These duties
amount to from 3000Z. to 4000/. per annum, are levi-
able at the pleasure of the Governor of Algeciras into
whose pocket they go. [B. B. 1 836.]
Comparative Yearly Statement of the Revenue and Expenditure of Gibraltar. [B. B. 183C.]
1831.
1832.
1
1833.1
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
Revenue :
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Duty and gauging fee on wines ....
328.'-)
3657
3566
3335
3072
3042
Ditto ditto on spirits ....
78.')0
8109
7203
6916
7079
7693
Wharfage toll on wines, spirits, and tobacco
, ,
, ,
2082
2905
2943
3345
Rent of tavern licenses
14f.2
1407
1264
1008;
1107
1149
llcnt of wine-house licenses
2f.'.)9
2638
2570
2583
2252
2153
Licenses for retail spirit stores ....
3«;6
575
832
819
788
609
Auction fees ........
139.5
1787
1912
1629
2098
2562
tlmund and house rents
3403
3077
3450
3396
3986
3776
Uitis and duties of the post department .
4267
5645
5721
4519
4519
4850
Miscellaneous
4867
5808
4382
3584
3515
3492
Total Revenue £.
29594
32703
32082
30694
30694
32661
EXPENDITUKE :
Government ........
5953
5177
5368
5087
4080
3481
Civil secretary's department
1570
1875
1937
1927
1977
1991
Judicial department ......
1652
2963
2435
2713
2580
2437
Revenue department ......
3663
309 4
2972
2767
3754
3608
Port dei)artment
4306
6347
5561
4478
38C 1
3506
Police department
3350
3500
3406
3352
3.'- 7
3773
Eccleiastieal department
, .
, ,
447
.18
466
Auditor of revenue accounts .....
, ,
, ,
, ,
373
424
497
Allowance to Roman Catholic ministers .
, ,
. ,
. .
196
Pensions in Gibraltar ......
210
957
750
702
702
702
Miscellaneous services
4317
2702
4138
4364
4.533
7469
Remittances to colonial agent for pensions in England
2561
4368
4523
3111
4934
3782
Expenses on revenue buildings ....
429
299
485
106
658
674
Total Expenditure ....£.
28014
31284
31579
29430
i
31393
3258C
Gross revenue in 1821, 29,044/. ; 1823, 32,410/. ; 182.'
3!»,Sfi2/ ; 1829, 34,460/.; 1830,30,841/. Expenditure
1830. 28,570/.
The local revenue was in 1836 — 2165/.; collected
and expended for paving, cleansing and lighting the
town of Gibraltar, 847/. ; hospital fees expended on
hospital. The salary of the Governor is 5000/. a-year
with public quarters. There are 22 pensioners re-
ceiving 4392/. per annum [1836, B B.]
Recapitulation of the Estahiishment. — [B. B. 1836.]
Paid by thecolony in sterling money .civil establishment,
l.i,.')70/.; contingent expenditure, 1,295/.; judicial
'., 44,381/. ; 18;:.<;, 45,786/. ; 1827, 42,511/. ; 1828.
in 1827, 42,511/. ; 1828,39.862/.; 1829,32,395/.;
establishment, 2,373/.; cortingent expenditure, 64/.''
ecclesiastical establishment, 453/. ; contingent expen-
diiuic, 12/.; miscellaneous expenditure, 8,333/.;
pensions, 4,484/. ; total, 32,586/.
Paid by Great Britain.— [V>.h. 1836.] Supplies of
rations, provisions and forage, 22,003/. ; fuel and
licht, 763/. ; transport, 226/. ; pay of extra stall',
3,.187/. ; military allowances, 32/.; special services,
3/ ; contingencies, 2;!2/. ; ordnance, 21.108/.; ordi-
I i
'|l
r
11
H
*i
#
; k
;
1
1
J
•i
*i.
1
,
4f
« 1
!i
1:
-ii;
nno
GII""..u.rAR.— CO.MMr.RCi:
advances
hospital
naiics, ,37,204/. ; commissariat pay, l.riOH/
6y40/. ; consij^nincnts of specie, 20,841/
supplies, 4r).')/, ; total, I14,rtfi4/.
XII. The trade of Gibraltar hns been of the utmost
value to Kngland during Iut wars, and it is still of
considerable importance. Sliortly alter its capture
in 1704, the settlement was wisely made a free port
by Queen Anne, and it soon became a must valuable
entrep6t for the distribution of Hritish manufactures
to the Harbary states, and to the different countries
bordering on the Mediterranean. Progressively in-
creasing, Gibraltar became at length the centre of
commerce, wliich, considering the number of inhabi-
tants, was perhaps without its equal in the world.
An idea of the extent to which it was carried may
be judged from the fact, that in one year the value of
British manufactured goods imported into Gibraltar
direct from England, and t'.i;c/((j(»>e of colonial produce,
was nearly 3,000,000/. sterling ! And during the last
war, it is important to add, that Gibraltar was the
most abundant and never-failing source for the
supply of the British army with cash. Various
circumstances have occurred to diminish the trade
of Gibraltar ; among the most prominent are the
creation of a free port at Cadiz, the establishment of
manufactories in the eastern iiarts of Spain, and the
various royal orders of the Spanish Government,
which place Gibraltar almost in a state of commer-
cial non-intercourse with Spain, under the plea of
preventing smuggling into the provinces adjacent to
the fortress. Gibraltar affords indeed a good illustra-
tion of the value of our transmarine possessions ; for
at first sight " the Rock" might be considered a use-
less appanage of the British Crown. It has no soil on
which the enterprising emigrant may settle and by
prosperity consume double or treble his heretofore
supply of English manufactures (such as our X. Ame-
rican and Australasian colonies) ; and it possesses no
tropical products (such as the E. and W. Indies), but
by its commanding position it gives security to the
whole of our trade with the Mediterranean and adja-
cent coasts of Spain and Africa equal to what twenty
ships of war could afford ; and it is the entrepot of a
trade in itself valued at more than a million sterling
a-year, and employing annually nearly half a million
tons of shipping inwards and outwards. In IH.'io.tlu'
value of produce of the United Kingdom iniiHirtnl
was |J8M,234<., and of Colonial produce {•J;'J,:',-<1/ ;
total, 1,117, (ill/.
00 00 OC 00
u u w M
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B
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03
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to
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31
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The following table will convey some idea of the tr.nli'
of the port as a depot for the sale of British niaiiii-
lactures :
Cotton and Woollen Goods, &c
. e.\ported from the United Kingdom to Gibraltar,
1820 to 1831.
Cottons
White or Plain.
1-1
n
Hosiery and
Small 'Vares,
Declared Value.
1
c
tfi
H
Total Value of
Cottons.
Woollen
Manufactures
Declared Value.
Grand total
of Cotton and
Woollen
Manufactures.
Declared Value
of all other
Articles.
Tons of Shipping from
Great Britain.
tn
o
"3
o
Yards.
Yards.
£.
lbs.
£.
£.
£.
1820
66707r>6
7849076
21476
61182
848940
98913
947853
29775
5551
35326
1821
.')6,')7362
7012146
24025
31762
716028
127131
843159
16884
389
17273
1822
9257810
12564351
24340
42580
1090376
1939H
1284287
22468
259
22727
1823
5162335
8841514
21328
64467
636834
138071
774905
tn
C
23036
2071
25107
1824
10372024
10359280
19542
131635
961761
160259
1122020
3
19557
1539
21096
1825
6604138
7536984
14118
78830
564964
90781
655745
4->
17813
3896
21709
1826
6873599
6379692
14039
119762
516709
60975
577684
Ph
16962
1817
18779
1827
9221816
7981075
19223
105262
621230
72844
694074
^
18973
1702
20675
1828 9763381
8744550
22038
53832
666232
71863
738095
19394
628
20022
1829' 6242358
3999731
10062
21873
322969
39885
362654
10191
235
10426
1830 3008:<r).')
1750307
5772
14835
146448
20730
167178
10677
968
11645
1831
6076611
3832398
6158
39196
248068
15459
263527
14349
723
15072
Imports of Gihrallnr. — 1833, 3035 hhds. 12449^
cwt. of Tobacco ; 1834, 5056 do. 27i do. do. 1835,
7684 do. 2i do. do. 1836, 9496i do. 3f do. (In.
1833, (686 pipes, 134 hhds. 56 qr. casks, 3087 gallons
,.:
GlUllALTAR— MONETARY SYSTF.M, STAPLE PRODICTS,
-.(■J
nf spirits; Ift34, lir)?!.') gallons of wine; 1835,
7sjr.i do.; iH3(i, lai'JH:. (jo. 1 833, ao'jf; pipes, .i?;)
hhds., \C>'2'J qr. casks, 20 octaves, 30 'iH gallons of
wine. IH'M, Hni,47l gallons of wine ; 1H3.'), C».'j,884
do. do. 1H3(;, r,2l'>,2<i'> 'lo. do.
Ksiiiirls (if (Hhnilliir.—mrA, 8000 cwt. of Tohacco ;
1H34, 1 138 hhds., 3 cwt. of Tobacco ; 183.">, 2303 do.
() do.; 183r., 34fi8 do. f> do.; I8:t3, 13H pipes, .^V
hhds., fi qr. casks, 174 barrels, 2.'>02 gallons of spi-
rits ; 1834, 38710 gallons of spirits; 183.''., I'.ISOO
lid.; 183('), 48818 do. ; 1833, and 481 pipes, IsC.hhds.,
jlCi.'i cp-. casks, 1787 barrels, l.'iOO gallons of wine.
jHlU, 387804 gallons of wine; 1835, 25<J555 do. 1836,
144')ni do.
XIII. Spanish currency is still much used.
Gutd Cains, IH^C). — A Doubloon is sixteen dol-
lars = 3/. 9*. 4il. ; half do. = U. I4s. Sd. ; quarter
do. = 17s. 4(i. ; eighth do. = 8.?. Hd.; sixteenth do.
= in. id. ; — SilriT Cainn. Dollar piece 4s. id. , half
do. 2s. 2(/. ; quarter do. l.v. \d.; peseta 'Jid.; eighth
' nf a dollar ('i{d. ; half peseta 5(<.: sixteenth of a
dollar ',^d. ; (piartcr peseta 2i(/. Also a small quan-
tity of British silver coin. — Copper Cnin. Five tpiar-
tcrpiecp = t^d, ; one do. = \d ; cliovy = Id. Also
a qiinntity of British copper coin The dollar fixed at
-l«. hi. in virtue of the order of His Majesty's council,
dated 2:fL-(l, March 1825.
No paper currency. Quantity of coin unknown.
Cmirsc nf erclifmsi'. — 1830 October; London at
•m (lays date 514'/. to 51i}(<. Cadiz-8 days sight \
to .'i-K per cent. dis. ; Malaga do. 3-8 to \ p. c. i)rem.
Madrid do. \\ to 2 p. c. dis. ; Seville do. 7-8 to 1 p.
c. (lis.; Marseilles 90 days date 5 r. 44 c. to 5 r. 45
r. ; Paris do. 5 r. 44 c. to 5 r. 45 c. ; Genoa do. 5 r.
V,\c. to 5 r. 44 c. Premium on Sjianish pillared dol-
lars 1 I to 2 per cent.
Weiishtu and medsures. — Arrobe, twenty-six lbs.
Kiv.'lisli = 3' gallons. Five fanegas (strake measure
111' wheat) or eight Winchester bushels, or two heaped
fanp'^us of Indian corn — 4J bushels. Pipe, 117 gal-
Inns = 120 gallons English wine measure. The
Spanish quintal of 100 lb. = 10 1| lbs English.
XIV. Gibraltar is not the barren rock that has been
supposed ; Colonel James mentions the names of 31H
ditiVient trees and plants growing on the promontory.
Several kinds of fruits are cultivated, and the vine
and tif; llourish in exuberance ; after rains vegetation
is richly luxuriant. The olive, almond, orange, lemon,
and indeed every tree planted in a proper spot, thrive
on Gibraltar ; in the naval garden in the south are
Slime noble date trees ; the prickly pear runs wild,
the aloe abounds, and the palmetto was formerly
plentiful. Geraniums of almost every species grow
in the utmost profusion, and a great variety of wild
and uncultivated plants and herbs are found in every
part of the mountain. Among the ivitire fruits
brought to market are seven or eight kinds of grapes,
figs, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, almonds, apples,
peaches, plums, apricots, (vulgo " Kill Johns") cher-
ries, strawberries, &c., and potatoes, cabbages, onions,
cuciinihers, artichokes, tomatas, peas, kidney beans,
spinage, lettuces, radishes, &c. &c., are produced in
abundance. During the latter part of the last siege,
the quantity of vegetables grown was sufficient for
the supply of the garrison, and the quantity of gar-
den ground is now augmented. Different kinds of
fishes are brought to market, in former times the bay
was so celebrated for its fishing of /unwi/ and salmonet-
tas that coins were struck in which these fish are re-
presented. [See Colonial Lihrnnj for a specific de-
scription of all the fish usually taken.]
Maiiiifacliirrs, S,c. [BH. .lx3(>l. — The garrison is
indebted to Messrs. Duguid and Co., for the erection
of a steam mill, for grinding wheat, suttieient for the
consumption of the troops and inhabitants.
" The engine is of 14 horse power, on the latest
and most approved principles, it is calculated to work
pair of stones of 4 feet diameter, and can with ease
deliver ground, cleaned and dressed from 35 to 40
quarters of wheat in 24 hours ; more might be pro-
duced in cases of emergency, but the (piantity men-
tioned exceeds what the persons concerned in the
mill expect to sell for the supply of the place, to
which their attention is iilniost entirely confined.
The soft wheat hitherto ground by the mill, has
been the i)roducc of the Baltic ports, Weismar and
Danzig, and this class is preferred by the military and
British inhabitants. The hard wheat, ground, has
been the produce of Tagauroe, Volo, Sicily and Mo-
rocco, and this class is nuich preferred by the Italians,
Spaniards, Hebrews, and most of the foreign inhabi-
tants. The labour and consequent expense is con-
siderably more in grinding the hard wheat than the
soft. The prices at which the mill flour has been
sold, since the conimenceiuent of the establishment
have varied from 5 to 0^ dol. per barrel of 190 lbs. net
weight, wholesale and retail ; the mill not selling a
smaller quantity than 14 lbs. United States fiour
could not now be imported of a quality equal to that
made at the mill to sell under 10.^ dol. to 12 per barrel,
the last year however has been one of great scarcity
in that country, but 1 may say for many years past,
flourcould not be imported to sell under 7i to 8 dol. in
Gibraltar. The quality of tiie mill flour depends of
course ui)on the fiuality of the wheat, as it is now
perfectly demonstrated, that the machinery works
admirably, and experience is daily benefitting this
quite original undertaking in Gibraltar, from the
cleaning and separating the grain to the final dressing
of the flour ; the pastry cooks and bakers, consider,
and pronounce its quality to he quite unexceptionable,
and as the supply is constant of fresh ground, and at
unexampled moderate prices, the proprietors flatter
themsehes, the enterprize will prove a great public
benefit, without their being individual sufferers. It
is not undeserving of remark that the benefit is fully
verified to the garrison by the ample sujiply of bran,
for the cattle, which formeily was cntiiely imported
from Spain, and is now as part of the produce of the
mill, abundant, at less than half its former price.
Market Prices of Provisions in January 1835, in
Gibraltar, Malta and Corfu.
Beef, per lb.
Mutton, ditto
Veal, ditto
Turkey
Fowl
Eggs, the dozen
Bread, 1st (juality, per lb.
Ditto 2d ditto
Wine, common, per pint
Oil, ditto
Firewood, the 1,000 lbs.
Expense of washing a dozen pieces
7
9
7i
2i
2
2
4:^
6
3 3
4
o
O
s. d.
3
3i
C
1 8
6
\k
1
li
5
1
t:.
Average prices of various Produce and Merchandize.
A I
•f)8
MALTA AND GO/O.— LOCALITY AND HISTOUY,
fM. B.] — Hoiiud (attli-, h/. \Xi. iil. I'ncli ; liorsrs i mutton, l-Ji'. piT II). ; pnrk, IJr/ per Ih. ; rice, 1 7.v. 17.
Ifi/. 3.V. -!(/. ; (tlii'ic lire nre no cuttU', hor.sc, sliri-p or I per cwt. ; cortVe, 2/. I l.v, 2il. per cwt. ; ten, 'Jn. 7,],/.
swine nared within the pirrisDn ; tlii' cnttli! con- I per lb. ; siiRar, 2/. 2.v. 7,j'<. per cwt.; suit, l-jj. per
Slimed lure are exported iVom Hnrliary nnd Spain ;' cwt. ; wine — Port, 31/. I'.h. 4il. per pi|)e ; Mu(itirii,
the horses, sheep, floats and swine arc from Spniii, '. 'M/. 13,v. -lil. |ier pipe ; Sherry, 'ML l.'t.v. Ul. per pi|ic;
and all the other articles enumerated, are from Knp- Common, CI. I.v. -Id. per pipe; brandy, I 7/. •!.«. k./.
land and foreij-Mi countries;) sheep, I'Jk. Od. ; Roats, per pipe; beer, (i/. l.v. 4(/. per hghd. ; toliHCio,
1/. !.». H(/. ; swine, 1/. 1!»,«. ; milk, i\\il. per ipiart ; -'/. .'i.v. I./, per c\vt<
Knit butter, l.«. !</. jjcr lb.; cheese, 3/. 13.v. Hit. per
cwt. ; wheaten bread, 2il. per lb. ; beef, :thi. per lb. :
H'd'^i's fill' liilimir. — Domestic, 2n.v, per niotitli;
I'nt'dial, none; Trades, ."i/. H.«. -11. per month.
CHAPTER II.— MALTA AND GOZO.
I'lR^
L \faltii, nnd its adjacent island ofGozo, are situ-
ate between Sicily and the African coast, in tiie
mouth of the great hay formed by Cajie Hon nnd
Cape Razat, in the parallel of (/'. c Valettn, the capi-
tal) 3.5..')4. north, and the meridian of 14.34, east,
the most southerly island in Kuropc.
IL This island .vas known eighteen hundred years
ago under the name of Melite or Melita, I'liny and
Strobo both mentioning it under this den(ir-''"n»ion,
and there is no dnuht that Melita, and u' c an islet
on the lUyrian shore of the Adriatic, was the site of
St. Paul's shipwreck. It appears to have been nt one
period a Cartha^'inian colony, when this singular
people held such powerful sway in the Mediterranean ;
but whether it was the i.slaiid mentioned under the
appellation of llyiicria (by Homer in the Odyssey)
and Ogygin, is doubtful.
The Phccnicians landed, it is said, on Malta about
1519 years before Christ, and the navigation of the
Mediterranean belonging at this period to that com-
mercial people, they formed a colony there which
soon rose in trade and wealth. Whether Malta was
inhabited previous to the landing of the Phrt'uicians
is doubtful ; according to the fabulous history, it was
originally tenanted by the Plucacian.s ((pi. I'liccni-
cians), a race of giants. After being in jHissession of
the island for upwards of seven centuries, the Greeks,
73C years b. c. drove out the i'ha'iiicians settled
on the island, and called it Mditdfi.
Both the Phcenicians and the Greeks, while in the
possession of Malta, erected extensive buildings, and
struck different coins, ,he relics of some of which are
still extant.
About 528 years b. c the Carthaginians disputed
the dominion of Malta or Melita with the (j reeks,
and it was for some time divided between these two
powerful nations; the latter were, however, finally
compelled to abandon the island to the Carthagi-
nians, under whose sway it grew into such magni-
tude and wealth as to excite the cupidity and enter-
prize of the Romans in the first Punic war, where it
was plundered by Attilius Regulus, and seized upon
by Cornelius. The Romans, however, were soon ex-
pelled from the island, and only recovered it after the
naval victory gained by C. Luf atius Catulus, 242 years
B. c, when a peace was granted to the Carthaginians
on the hard condition of their giving up to the Romans
all the islands in their possession between Africa and
Italy. The Romans were justly proud of their accpii-
sition of Melita ; they took every precaution to gain
the attachment of the residetit Greek and mixed pd.
puliition, permitted them the continuation of their
ancient customs, and made it a n>uiiicipium, alNnvjnj;
the inhabitants to be governecl by their own laws,
under a pro-pra!tor dependent on the praitorship of
Sicily.
The commerce and manufactures of the island uprc
sedulously encouraged ; the cotton and linen cloths of
Melita were so famed for their tineness and the skill
with which they were prepared, as to be regniildl at
Rome as an article of luxury. Great attention was
\r\\i\ to iinijrovini; and beautifying the settlement, hikI
tlic luerchiuits and the sailors were then wont to re-
pair to the temples to oiler incense to the prntectiiig
gods of the island and its trade. On the division of
the Roman eni|iiie, the island of Malta fell to Con-
stautine, but the feuds of religious dis.sensions occu-
pying all parties, the Romans in their colonics, as
well as at home, felt the desolating inroads of Imiha-
rism. The Vandals seized upon Sicily in 4.')1 a. n.,
and next took possession of Malta, whence they were
driven ten years after by the Goths. Under tin
Goths and Vandals the commerce of Malta perishcil;
it was, however, partially revived under the reii^n
of Justinian, who sent Belisarius to wrest Africa
from the Vandals. Belisarius landed in Malta a. n.
.'i.lS, and reunited it to the remnant of the em|iire,
but not being allowed the immunities previously
granted by its former masters, the island never en-
tirely recovered its ancient splendour.
Malta became now a prey to feudr and dissim-ions,
and for three centuries from the reign of Justinian
we are ignorant of the events which mark its history.
About the year 870 a. n. the inhabitants calleii in
the Arabs, but they were driven out the same year
by the bravery of the Greeks, who from thence re-
mained undisturbed masters for 34 years ; hut the
Arabs again descended in great force, exteriiiiiwtnl
the Greeks, sold their wives and children for slaves,
and established a government, dependent upon th.'
Kmir of Sicily. The name of Melitas was then by the
.^rabs corrupted into that of Malta. To supply the
deficiency of taxes which the Arabs would not levy
on the Maltese, the former fitted out piratical crui-
sers, fortified the city of Notabile, built a ffirtress on
the site of the present castle of St. Angelo, and en-
riched Ma'ta with the plunder acquired on the sea.
The Arabs, in their turn, were also driven out ol
Malta by the Normans, a. d. lO'.iO, under Count
Roger, who established the pojjular council, which
h. ; rice, 17.«. \l-
t. ; iL'tt, 'J.v. 7i'/.
. ; salt, iiil. per
pipe ; Muiliini,
Us. ill. plT pipi' ;
ii.ly, 17/. •'■». H./,
glut. ; toliac'cd,
i.«. per niontli ;
r month.
'k mill tnixpd po.
tnintion of tluir
iclpiuiii, nllowiiis;
tlu'ir own liuvs,
lie prtutursliip of
of the island were
ind linen cloths of
icss and tlii' skill
to he rcgnnli il at
rent attention was
le SL'ttloincnt, ami
then wont to ri--
to the protecting
In the division uf
Malta tell to Coii-
dissension.i occii-
their colonies, as
inroads of liailw-
icily in 4.'il i. i'.,
hence they wciv
)ths. Under tlit
Malta ptrisju'il;
under the reisn
to wrest Africa
led in Malta A. n.
it of the empire,
nitics previously
island never en-
and dissensions,
I'^n of Justinian
mark its history,
ahitants called in
ut the same year
from thence rc-
4 years; hut the
)rce, externiiiiatcd
hildren for slaves,
ndcnt upon tlv
s was then by the
To supply the
)s would not levy
nut piratical criii-
uilt a fortress on
\n;zelo, and en-
luired on the sea.
so driven out of
JO, under Count
ar council, which
ISi
MALTA AND GOZO.— HISTORY AND GKOfJllAPHY.
609
«a» pompoard of clerRV, iiohles, and people freely
elected. The island was afterwards given up to the
fitrmnns, on account of the mnrriaRe between Con-
stance, heiress of Sicily, and Henry VI., son of the
Kinperor Frederick narharosiia. Malta was erected
into a county and mar(|uiAitte, hut its trade was now
totally ruined, and fur a considerable period it re-
mained solely a fortified garrison.
Malta remained for 72 years subject to the empe-
rors of Germany ; and Charles of Anjou, brother of
I.ouis IX., King of Trance, on becomins; King of
Sicily, made himself master of the island. On the
change of sovereigns in Sicily, after the well known
atfair of the Sicilian vespers, Malta continued faith-
ful to the French, but was soon concpiered by the
King of Arragon, who, as well as (his successors in
the supremacy in 1414) the Kings of Castile, ceded it
in title of fief to some favourite of the monarch or
servant of the crown.
The Maltese at this time beheld themselves twice
mortgaged for sums lent to their princes ; they,
therefore, always jealous of their liberty, made a noble
ell'ort to retrieve themselves from this thraldom, by
twice paying .30,000 florins of gold (a large sum in
those days), for which the island was pawned. King
Alphonzo, therefore, a. d. 1428, declared and pro-
mised that in future Malta and Gozo should never be
separated from the kingdom of Sicily. Alphonzo
permitted, also, the inhabitants, in case of a breach
of promise, to oppose him by force, without such
conduct being deemed rebellious.
Charles V., with a view towards commanding the
Mediterranean, and to secure the coast of Sicily,
became master of Malta; and aware of its great ad-
vantages, and that he might be saved the expense of
its garrison, while at the same time he might prevent
his F.uropcan enemies from making a descent on the
possession, located the order of St. John of Jerusalem
at Ma..;, who being driven from their principal place
ofresidc.ice, Rhodes, were glad to accept the aid of a
powerful prince, who in 1.530 A. d., granted Malta,
Gozo and the city of Tripoli, in perpetual sovereignty
to the knights.
For a history of the Knights of St. John and of
Malta, during their occupation of the island from
l.^'iO to 1798, when it was forcibly occupied by the
French under Napoleon, see my " Historij of the Coin.
nies" and " Culnniat Library." It will suffice to
mention here, that the Maltese rose en mussfi on the
2A Sept. 1798, against the French troops (fi.OOO
men) then in Valetta. A small detachment of Bri-
tish troops aided the Maltese blockade of the garri-
son in the hegiiining of 1800, and on the 4th Sep-
tember IHOO, the French capitulated to the combined
Maltese and Br.tish troops.
Malta has ever since formed a portion of the Bri-
tish empire. Mr. Cameron was first appointed Civil
Commissioner, and was succeeded by Sir Alexander
Ball, who died in 1809; General Sir Hildebrand
Oakcs, was Chief until 1813, when Sir Thomas Mait-
land arrived; Sir Thi mas died in 1824, and was
sueceeded hy the Marquess of Hastings, his lordsh!p
(lied in 1826 ; and was succeeded by General Sir
Frederick Pon.sonby, who died in 1836; the present
Governor is Major-General Bouverie.
III. The island was formerly placed by all geogra-
phers in Africa, but was declared to be in Kuro|)e, as
regards the service of our soldiery, by a British Act
of Parliament. It is the most southerly island in
Furope, the parallel (Valetta Observatory) being in
3.1". 5,V, north, and the meridian 14" 30' 3.5" east of
4 n
Greenwich. The shape is un irregular oval, which
has been compared hy some to a fish — its southern
aspect resembling the hack, the bay of Marsa Sirocco
the niouth, the various indentations on the north as-
pect the ventral lins, and the deep indentation of the
l)ay of Melleha, with a corresponding indentation at
the back of the island, the tail ; the island, in fact,
stretches east and west, and is much indented with
bays and inlets of the sea on the side which corres-
ponds with the coast of Sicily, while that which looks
towards the African coast is nearly a continual curve.
The extreme length of the island is stated hy Dr.
Hennen at 1 H to 20 miles, and its greatest breadth
from north to south 10 to 12 miles, and circumfer-
ence 60 to 70 ; but a chart of the islands under the
British crown, furnished me from the Colonial Office,
makes the extreme length sixteen and three-quarter
miles, extreme breadth nine, with an area of 9.'>
square miles (another estimate will be found under
the head of agriculture). The official document
makes Gozo (the island adjacent to Malta, and
under the same government) nine and three (|uarter
miles extreme length, five and one-third breadth, with
an area of 27 square miles. The following, according
to Captain Smyth, are the bearings and distances
between several points on the south coast of Sicily
and Malta: from Cape Passaro to Valetta, south
33,41. west, .'ifi miles; Alicata to ditto, 21. ,5,'). east,
7r)i miles: Terra Nova to ditto, 10.40., 70 miles;
Girgenti to ditto, 30.03,, 90 miles ; Sciacca to ditto,
3ri.r,l., 118 miles; Cape Granitola to ditto, 42,32,,
miles; Maretimo to ditto, 42.4.')., 173 miles. Malta
is distant from Cape Passaro, the nearest point of
Sicily, north, ."jfi miles, and Cape Bon, the nearest
point of the African continent, is almost 200 miles
distant in a south-west direction. It is bounded on
the cast by the island of Candia, on the west by the
islets of Pantellcria, I.inosa, and Lampedusa, on the
north by Sicily, and on the south by Tripoli. The
sea dividing Malta from Sicily is only 80 fathoms
deep in the middle or deepest part, very shallow in
other places, and the bottom snndy : it is called the
Canal of Malta, and is generally rough, with strong
currents setting through it on the north-west side
towards the east-south-east, and on the cast-soiith-
east side towards the cast. Gozo Isle, orijrinally
known under the name of " Gaulv^' by the Greeks,
" Gaulum," by the Romans, and hy corruption in the
Arabic language " Gaudese," which in j)rocess of
time was Italianized into Gozo (pronoiinced Godso),
is situate on the westward of Malta, distant from
thence in its nearest point about three miles, though
some parts of the strai*' is five miles broad. In the
channel lies the small islet of Coinino, formerly
called " Hepbostia," of an oblong shape, and about
five miles in circumference, with a still smaller islet
or rock called Cnminetto, off its north-west extremity.
Malta, comparatively speaking, is low, the highest
land being estimated at no more than 1,200 feet above
the level of the sea, and cannot be discerned until
the mariner approaches within 20 to 30 miles of the
shore. The hill and dale surface is beautifully diver-
sified, and the natural industry of tne Maltese has
converted an apparently barren rock into a very pic-
tures(jue country. As a general feature, it may be
observed, that the island is furrowed with vallies
running from south-west to north east, parallel to
each other, and becoming longer and deeper as they
extend from the eastern and western extremity. One,
termed Melleha, nearly divides Malta into two parts ;
the most fertile, however, is the vale, which forms at
its lowest extremity the Port of Valetta.
'1:
i
I*
liii^
'!)
'■i I
m
§
■m
m
.'•'(I
MALTA —(iKOnUAPIlY, fJKOI.OOY, (M.IMATR.
»' u.
t n
I '
5
Sir
A HiTinll rnuf^v iif IiIIIh nnil crnKKV rockit, cnllcil tlit>
llcri .Iciniim IIjIIh, linirinK n north- wrnt (liri'('tii)n
fmm V'alt'ttH, Htri'trli n( rotH Hip ftitiri" liiriidtli of the
islniid, ni)(l from these ililfcrent Rpiir'* hrniich otf, Riv-
iiiR variety to the hitiilsciipe. 'I'lie Houfheru sliore
connistft of hii?h or shelviiin rocks, without creeks or
ports, or where n Iniifhiin eould he edeetid. To the
cast there is tlie port of Miirsii (Murna, in Arnhie,
siRnitles port or hnrhour) Scnhi, imd towards the
Hoiith-weHt thnt of Mnrsa Sirocco, eiipal)le of contaiii-
IMK n (jrent nutnher of vessels. On tlie west there
Hre two hiiys, ealUd Antifiipn nnd Mn^inrro.
The port of SI. I'linl is on the const opposite Sicily,
and is so called from n trailition thnt the vessel in
which St. Paul was sent prisoner to Kome wns driven
in thither hy n storm. St. (ieorpe's I'ort, towards
the north, is not far distant from that of St. Paul ;
St. Julian's \\n\ is (m the same shore. [l''or the to-
poprapliv of the island, an<l a description of its forts,
Jtc, sec '■ Vidimiul l.ihniri/, Vol. VII.]
fidzo Cor (Inn li.irh, as the natives call it), ns hcforc
ohserved, is separated from Malta hy an arm of the
sen, fmir to live miles wide ; with an nvern^p length
of eimht miles, six hrond, and 20 in ciicmnferi'nce ;
nltlioush fertili' nnd thickly inhaliited, it contains no
town, the inlmhitants heinn scattered in six villages,
protected hy a strong fort, liahiitn, in the centre of
the island. The snrfiice of the island i.s very ngrcee-
iihly diversified with hill and dale, some of the more
elevated parts in the north-west heint; nearly 2,000
feet ahove the sea. A chain of these elevations en-
circle the island, emhrnei'i'.^ a heautil'id series of fertile
vallies, separated hy (jently rising grounds; the sum-
mits of some of the mountains are llattened, nnd form
truly tahle lands ; others are rounded or inammillary ;
nnd there are four cir live remarkably detaclu'il hills,
perfectly conical in shape, and iiresentin;; the ap-
pearance of old volcanic productions. The interior
of the island and its shores ahound in caves and
rocks, heing of the snme calcareous nature as those
of Malta, hut the country is much more rnn-l and
agreeable.
Port ('linnihray, commenced in 17P.», contains the
jirincipal accommodation for troops ; it lies on the
south-east side of the island, and is built upon an
elevated promontory, forming one side of a little bay
in which the Malta boats anchor; the shore all roimd
is very hold esiiecially to the south, where it rises
into nigged and inaccessible clills, with huge masses
of rock broken oft' from them and jirojecting into the
sea ; the road gradually winds from the sea to the
fort (which is .'>00 feet above the shore) after a circuit
of about 700 yards ; the area on which this fortilica-
tion is huilt heing about 2,.')00 feet in circumference.
The barracks accommodate 2.')0 men, are admirably
arranged, and there is a small but excellent hospital
attached.
The oblong islet of Comino, two miles in length,
lying between the larger islands, has a few inhabi-
tants, employed in cultivating about 30 acres of land,
and in preserving the numerous rabbits.
Besides Cominotto, which lies off the north-west
end of Comino, there are four or five other islets, or
rather rocks, belonging to Malta and Gozo. On the
south coast of Malta is Filfosa, or Filfla, which con-
tains, it is said, an ancient parish church ; nearer the
shore, and more to the eastward, is a rock called the
Pietra Nera ; and at the north-west end of the island,
towards Gozo, is another rock, called the Scnglio
Marfo. At the north end of St. Paul's Hay is the
island of Salmonetta, but the best known of these
appendugen U the fnnguii rock of Onzo, or " Ud'hui
hil !,'<'»''/•(//," celebrated for its pr>iduetioii of ('iiniZ/iiM
lllfliiniilin (l.iiinirun), nr J'nnifUi »1('////'«.vm, at one tlinr
esteemed as a sovereign panacea lor all diseases.
IV. Malta is eomposi'd of limestone of dill'erenf
species and of uneipinl clensity, thotu-li genrritllv
speaking remarknbly soft, ami crunihliii.; down cvin
under the aclioijof the wnther with :reat f'iieiljfv
(.'nleareous freestone is more or less olKiiidant, lime,
stone generally lying on the freestone, >nd the luttrr
ineuinbeiit nna beil of marl.
The hard stone used in architecture i)» a gpoeies nf
coarse niarb'e of crystalline strnetiire, n' speeiOe urn.
vity 2..'i, — not absorbent of moisture, anil not liililrtu
decompose or disintegrate on exposiiri' to the iitinn-
sphere. It consists almost entirely "I rarhonate uf
lime. It is well adapted to all works reipiiriiig strinijth,
and jmrticnlarly well titted for pavements and tlonrH,
It IS found in many parts of the island, genernlly near
the surface. (See " l\tti,niiil IMirmti.")
V. The climnte of Malta is decidedly warm, indrmi,
almost tropical. The vui.ninum temperature for thi'
year may he taken at !)(). Palirenheit, the miiiiiiiiiinnt
fi., mill the mean at I'l'.i. The barometer nmy \w
similnilv ipioted at ;«M, A., ;»(). 2., and :iO. .1. The hv
dromeler 87., .'10., nnd M),^. The heat of the snmiiior
is diiiibtless inerensed by radiation of the snl.ir rnv'.
from the rocks surrounding Valetta ; but in tiic
country around, a.ii! in Uo/o in particular, the ntnins.
])liere is from 2. to l. cooler.
The most prevalent winds are the south east 'the
Sirocco) and the north-west; the former cliiiiicti'r-
ized by its humidity, accom|ianied hy an e\liaiistiii;'
degree of temperature, iiroihicing a damp ami siiiri-
eating smell to the sick ; these Siroccos are most
prevalent in August September, and October. Tlii>
northeast wind (" u'ffituli'") is brief and violent In
its duration, frequently occasioning serious mischiof
in the harbour during the winter months.
Occasionally sudden and partial gusts of iiitenselv
heated air are felt in Malta, which are blown Inun
the coast of Africa. Fortunately they seldom p-:creil
half a I liniite in duration, for if longer continue I, litV
would be extiiigiiislud, owing to the severity nf the
heat, v/liich is remarkable for blowing in tracts, af-
fecting the inhabitants of one house and not thoir
neighbours. It is probably a portion of the "Samid"
or " Simoom" of Africa. When dry wind blows
over the island, especially in summer, volume? of im-
palpable dust float about, which is precipituteil in the
shape of a shower of mud, on the recurreiue of a
damp wind, or when the fogs and dews are peciiliiirly
long.
No regular sea and land breezes arc felt in Malta,
by which the heat would be moderated; and it is a
remarkable fact that Captain Smyth found the tem-
perature of the sea, round the adjacent .shores of
Sicily, at a depth of 10 to -"^ •'••thoms, T.'Mo "fi.
Fahrenheit, which was 10 or 12 degrees warmer than
the water outside of the Straits of Gibraltar. Snw
only appears at Malta as a luxury imported from
Etna, but in the winter months there arc f'requoiit
hail showers. Rain falls with tropical violence in
December, January, and part of February. Alwit
March the sky gets settled ; an occasional sliowr
may fall in April and May, but during June, July, and
August not a cloud is to be seeii. September ami
October are cooled with showers, the air is plaeiJ
and invigorating, and termed " St. Martin's," or tlu'
" little summer."
Kctiirnof Death
iMitn lN2.'i to
Disea.'
I't'hris (juot. Inti
• Kemitten
(,'ont. Co
— — - Syiiochns
llcliriiiin Tremen
I'hlegtnon ct Absi
I'hrenitis .
rnetmionia
riTitiiiiiti» .
Kiiteritis .
Ili'imtiten Acuta
Chronic
lihi'iiiiiatismus Ac
C^
Variola
siarlatina
Irvsipelns .
ilii'iiiiiptysis .
tlii'iiiateinesis
I'hlhisis Pul. Till
(ntiirrliiis Aciitus
— — — Chronic
Dyseiiteria Acuta
Chronic
.\|ii)|)lexia .
hralysis .
Dyspepsia ,
l'!|iilepsiii
Dyspniea Cont.
Ciilicn
Cholera Morbus
IHarrluea
Amentia
Mania
.■\nasaica .
Ascites .
Scrophula ,
Hyilartlirus
Irteriia
Dysuria .
Vuiniis Incisum .
Cuiitusiie
Fractura
H^morrhagia .
Total
Sudilen Deaths
Hiriiioptysis . ,
Syncejic
Aneiirisnia
Apoplexia .
Hicmatemesis
Fractura .
Cuntiisia
Vu...,i8 Sclopitarium
Suicides .
Drowned .
Suffocation
Sullercd the penalty i
Total
Average strength of c
MALTA.— rUMATK, DISKASKS
, or " Uimni
n of Cnrtilli wi
in, ntonotinir
Return of Deathi ftmotiK^t the
llrltixh
Trooi
• in the Conimaml
of Malta, (liirlnR a period of 'l
en Year
tt, via. —
from IH^ri to In:<4 Iniliiilvc
[Tran«mlttod to me li<
Ill Mnitu hy
tho late
(lovernor Sir V
. l'oii«oi>by.]
iliKcaHO'*.
■
t! of (lilTrri'nt
F)iiieo»rn.
1N3S
IN'ii;
1827
IH2H
|H2<>
|N3I)
1 N3 1 .
IH32.
lt*33.
IH.34.
Total.
Hi? (lowtl CVt'll
.;rpiit fiuMlity
IVhriK (jiiot. Iiiterm. .
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
.
-
1
)kin(luot, limc-
Keinitteiis .
-
-
-
I
-
-
-
-
3
10
14
and tlu" liittiT
— Coiit. (\)iii. .
S
r,
3
.')
1
ft
7
2
1
4
39
Syiiothim .
—
—
1
1
-
—
-
-
-
-
2
ii» n »pprii>H (if
nt Apocitlc i;ri\.
Iioliriiini Tremens
I'hIi'Kmon et Ahscessus .
^
^
^
^
1
•>
-
^
~
3
1
i
3
)(t not li;i))li' tn
I'hr.nitis ....
1
—
—
■"
—
—
—
—
-
—
1
(' to tho iitniD-
rneunioniii
-
1
I
-
-
2
10
3
f.
2
2.'>
1 cnrhoimti' uf
|'iritoniti« ....
-
-
—
-
-
-
-
-
2
1
,3
liriii^; stntv^th,
Knteritis ....
1
-
—
A
-
-
-
—
-
-
»
iits and lloor-i.
Ih|iatites Acuta .
—
1
—
-
2
1
—
-
-
—
1
, gCOLM-lllly lU'HI
— t'lironica .
1
2
m-
1
*i
1
1
;»
1
.
12
lihi'iiniatisHuis Acutiis
.1
-
-
2
-
1
1
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
1
WHrni, iiidcccl,
1
■rixtiirc for the
Variola ....
"•
"
~
—
""
2
""
—
"-
*
•i
lu' mi III III II III lit
^onrlatina
'
—
—
-
-
-
—
-
-
-
1
iiiictor may ho
iTNsipelas ....
~
—
2
—
—
—
■"
1
-
—
.3
Id. .I. Tlu'hy
Ilionioptysis .
—
-
—
1
—
-
■"
—
-
-
1
(d' tlin siimmpr
Ilioiiiateinisis
—
1
—
-
—
-
-
-
I
-
2
the SI liar rays
I'lilliisis I'lll. 'I"lll>. .
4
Ci
."i
:i
'■>
,')
H
4
10
12
66
I ; hut ill tiic
t'atarrhus .\cutus
—
•2
3
~
•"
1
4
•J
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
3
1 "i
liar, the ntmos.
Dy.senteria Acuta
3
3
I
J
11
2
1 •!
43
south east (tho
1
-
-
-
1
2
1
1
-
-
<;
nncr chni actor-
A)iopiexia ....
1
1
—
1
—
1
2
-
1
1
IS
y UM I'xiiiiiistiiv,'
IMrnlysia ....
""
~"
~
1
~
"~
"
~
—
—
1
aiuj) and siiiri
Dyspepsia ....
—
—
—
—
-"
—
1
~
-
—
I
M!C(is arc most
Epilepsia
-
-
1
-
~
-
—
-
-
-
1
OctohtT. Tho
|)y5iinaa Cont. .
1
—
-
-
-
—
-
-
2
3
Colica ...»
1
1
'>
and violi'iit in
erioiis mi'ichiof
Cholera Morbus .
—
—
—
-
_
—
2
—
-
2
ths.
Diarrluea
1
1
I
2
3
3
1
—
-
1
13
sts of intontflv
Amentia ....
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
I
-
-
'*
Mania ....
_
^
_
_
_
_
1
_
^
^
1
ire hlowii tnim
seldom e-;cocil
Annsaica ....
—
1
—
-
—
I
-
2
-
-
4
• cimtiiuii' 1, litV
Ascites ....
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
2
Hcverity of tho
Scrophuhi ....
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
i<^ in tracts, af-
Hydarthrus
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
i and not thoir
li'tonis ....
1
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
-
1
3
)f the " Saniiol"
Dy.siiria ....
1
~
~
~
~
—
*"
—
—
1
ry wind hlnws
vohinic? of im-
Vuliuis Ineisuin . , .
_
2
-
-
3
-
1
-
-
-
6
Coiitusiic
-
-
-
-
-
I
1
-
1
-
3
■(■i|)itat(:d in tho
Fractura ....
-
1
2
-
-
-
1
I
1
6
reuurriMico of a
s are peculiarly
w tVlt in Malta,
llii'inorrhagia .
Total
—
- ; 1
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
I
•Jf)
■^o 19
27
32
43
47
23
34
47
327
1
ted ; and it is a
Sudden Deaths, itc
1
found the tern-
Hiriiioptysis .
-
-
-
-
- -
1
-
-
-
1
ecnt shores of
Syncope ....
—
~
"-
~*
■~ —
—
1
—
—
I
oms, 7.'f. to "fi.
Anoiirisnia
—
—
—
—
I 1
1
1
1
1
6
es wanner than
Apoplcxia ....
1
—
—
4
1
1
-
'>
1
1
11
braltar. Snow
H;cniatime3is
-
-
—
—
—
-
—
—
-
1
1
imported frum
Tractura ....
1
1 - - 1
—
-
—
—
-
-
2
e arc frequent
Cuntusia ....
-
1
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
2
cal violence in
Vu...,i8 Sclopitarium .
-
- -
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
I
bruary. Ahniit
asional shower
Suicides ....
Drowned ....
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
_
1
2
2
14
2
June, July, and
Suffocation
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
I
September and
le air is placiJ
Sullercd the penalty of the law
-
1
-
—
—
1
-
—
-
1
1
artin's," or tho
Total .
.\vcragc strength of command
4
1 1 2
1
5
4
7
' 1
6
4
6
43
2030
2610 i
1
i77r.
Jtifi?
2291
240C
2094 1
2118
2117
2364
572
MALTA.— CLIMATE, DISEASES.
Numerical Return of Men sent home to hi' discliarged the service, or for change of Climate, from the Malta
command, during ten years, viz from 1825 to 1H34 inclusive.
ji 1
' 1
'?
! . !
1 ; '
Disease.
1825.
1826.
1827.
1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
Tot.
J
Febris Quot. Interm. .
• •
7
3
..
..
..
..
10
\ ''■ )
Cont. Com.
• •
. .
, .
, .
1 .
, .
. .
1
It
, Phlegmon et AbscessuB
• .
1
2
2
2
. .
'J
j
!j Cynanche Trachealis .
, ,
. .
. .
1
. .
• •
1
|ij Pneumonia
, ,
1
I
I
. .
4
3
1
12
! Hepatitis Acuta .
, ,
1
. ,
4
. .
1
7
1 1
i: Chronica .
1
7
4
2
, ,
1
2
, ,
, .
2S
i '
i Nephritis
, •
• ,
. •
, •
• .
1
1
!i '■
Itheumatismus Acutus
, .
, ,
2
, ,
, .
2
4
1
1
12
;
3
7
1
1
3
5
2
a •
4
27
Haemoptysis
. .
1
2
• .
• .
• .
1
2
(■)
Phthisis Pul. Tub.
5
4
1
1
1
2
6
6
3
32
Catarrhus Chronicus
1
9
19
3
1
12
4
9
8
"4
i|l Dysenteria Chronica .
5
1
2
3
. .
, ,
2
I
10
14
3H
1 Paralysis . ,
. •
2
. ,
4
1
1
I
. .
10
1
M Dyspepsia ,
4
1
1
2
1
12
1
H Epilepsia
. •
2
• •
2
fi
1
i] Asthma period. Convul.
. ,
, .
1
2
5
, *
2
, .
10
p Dyspnea Cont. .
5
3
, ,
, ,
\
. .
. .
1
, .
, ,
10
1 Diarrhoea
, ,
, ,
1
2
, ,
, ,
. .
. .
7
1; Amentia
, ,
• •
* ■
, ,
. .
. .
1
, .
. .
, .
1
i Mania
. ,
, ,
. •
. ,
1
2
I
2
G
H' !
j Anasarca
■ •
, ,
, ,
. .
• •
1
, .
. ,
1
1
1 Ascites
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
I
1
. ,
a ,
. .
, ,
2
I
j Physconia .
. •
, •
3
, .
. .
3
H P' Scrophula
• .
1
2
2
. .
1
1
1
H
f S Syphilis Consecutiva .
• •
1
• •
1
IjrJl Scorbutus
, ,
, ,
1
, ,
. .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
l^lljj Icterus
. ,
, ,
• •
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
1
i^'ii* Contractu ra
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
1
. .
, ,
, ,
, .
2
■■11
j? Eneuresis .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
• •
. ,
, ,
, ,
I
Hi '
Hernia Humoralis .
2
, ,
, ,
2
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
5
■H' i!
Strictura UrethrBe
1
. ,
, ,
, ,
. .
1
, .
, ,
2
II
Sarcocele
Obstipatio .
1
'•
• •
••
••
••
••
••
• •
1
I
•^nj!
Varia
, ,
. ,
• •
, ,
1
1
1
1
f)
',.■.'' ■
Hernia
2
10
2
, ,
3
2
, ,
, ,
, ,
19
ygj^
Aneurisma
, ,
1
, .
1
, ,
, ,
, .
, ,
, ,
Hffi
Fistula in Ano
, .
. .
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
. ,
1
F'tf I
1
•It
i Luxatio
'.'.
• •
1
;;
• •
;;
1
1
, '■-:i :
i Subluxatio
. ,
. ,
1
, .
. ,
, ,
1
, ,
• •
2
; .jl '
f Vulnus Sclopitarium .
1
, ,
, ,
• •
• •
. ,
, ,
1
2
Incisum
2
4
, ,
• •
, ,
• •
, ,
, ,
, ,
6
Contusio
2
4
1
, ,
, ,
1
, ,
, ,
9
' Ambustio
, ,
• •
• ■
• •
, ,
4
, ,
, ,
, ,
4
Ulcus
3
, ,
1
, ,
, ,
1
2
, ,
2
15
s Fractura
, ,
2
• •
, ,
, ,
• •
3
, ,
1
8
Amputatio
• •
2
, ,
, ,
, ,
• •
1
, ,
, ,
3
Caries of teeth .
, ,
• •
, ,
, ,
, ,
1
■ •
, ,
, ,
1
' , Morbi Oculorum
18
9
4
, ,
10
5
6
4
6
63
Cutis
■ •
1
• •
••
• •
• •
••
••
2
2
i
Total .
57
74
53
29
31
64
46
28
50
4;«
i. Worn out, &c.
3
• •
1
19
••
1
••
••
••
24
t' ■
60
74
54
48
31
65
46
28
50
MI
Average strength of com-
"'
mand
2036
2610
1776
2667
2291
2406
20H4
2118
2117
2364
i|- ■
SI ^
liii'
Dm the Malta
1834
Tot.
3
8
14
1
3
2
10
H
y
I
12
7
23
I
12
27
fi
32
74
38
10
12
fi
10
10
7
I
G
1
2
3
H
1
1
1
2
1
1
f)
19
2
1
1
1
2
2
6
9
4
15
8
3
I
1
63
2
5
fil
4;i:!
24
r.i
51)
7
2364
MALTA.— CLIMATE, MORTALITY.
Return of Deaths in the island of Malta, from Ist January to Slst December, 1H34.
673
Diseases.
D
C
M
2
.a
•■5
a.
<
i
3
■-1
3
1-1
g.
3
<
<u
a
4-1
a.
1^
E
c
e
Q
Abortus
17
9
10
10
10
4
15
16
8
10
7
10
126
Absccssiis
1
-
1
2
-
-
-
2
1
-
1
1
9
Anasarca
8
17
13
10
14
e
5
8
7
8
n
10
117
Angina
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
2
Ancurisma
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
5
Anthrax
-
—
1
1
-
-
-
2
3
-
1
—
8
Apoplexia
24
ir,
12
13
8
4
6
7
3
13
7
18
131
Ascitis
-
8
4
3
2
-
4
2
1
3
1
4
27
Asthma
4
1
8
1
5
-
2
-
3
C
3
5
38
Aphtoe
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
4
Bronchitis
4
2
2
3
I
-
-
1
-
2
-
-
15
Cancer . .
-
-
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
-
1
8
Cangrcna .
I
4
3
2
3
4
-
1
1
3
2
4
28
Cardialgia
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
2
Carditis
1
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3
Catarrhus acutus
7
8
9
4
4
-
3
1
2
4
2
5
49
chronicus
2
2
3
-
2
•>
-
-
1
-
2
4
19
Colica
2
1
1
-
-
-
4
2
3
1
6
-
21
Cephalgia
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
-
3
Convuisio .
2
3
-
1
-
-
1
1
1
-
2
1
12
CoUisi CiUsa pulveris
-
11
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
11
Concussio cerebri
-
-
-
-
-
I
-
1
1
-
-
-
3
Croup
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
Combustio accidentalis
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
I
_
1
Debilitas senilis
5
11
U
8
4
4
2
8
3
-
3
3
66
infantilis
13
14
21
5
11
5
(->
fi
5
6
9
11
112
Diabetes
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
4
Diarrhoea
17
15
30
16
10
31
25
34
27
20
25
25
275
Dcntitio
11
11
9
8
9
18
25
25
29
20
15
5
186
Dyspepsia
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
~
2
Dysentcria acuta
4
1
7
2
-
-
6
21
9
11
15
4
79
chronica
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
4
—
18
Fx-lampsia
27
28
2.5
26
17
6
12
17
U
9
8
18
204
Empyema
-
3
-
1
-
-
I
-
1
-
-
-
(>
Encephalitis
-
1
-
-
1
-
2
1
-
4
1
1
11
Enteritis
3
fi
4
6
3
3
7
2
9
11
fi
fi
66
Epilepsia
-
I
-
-
3
-
-
-
-
-
1
—
5
Erysipelas phlegmonosa
1
-
-
-
-
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
3
Febris intermittens
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
remittens
-
-
5
7
1
2
-
5
1
2
2
4
29
putrida .
-
1
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
1
4
nervosa
4
4
5
6
1
3
4
-
7
1
7
7
52
typhoida .
8
6
18
7
14
5
5
10
5
5
4
3
80
lentis
fi
13
9
C
4
8
9
fi
5
3
fi
5
80
8
9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_
_
—
17
vel sinochus
-
-
2
13
12
7
2
3
fi
3
3
2
1
FIcgmon
1
-
1
-
-
-
-
—
_
-
_
—
2
Fracturu
—
1
1
1
1
-
_
—
_
^
_
_
4
Fungus hxmatodes .
-
—
-
-
1
-
_
_
_
»
^
_
1
Gastritis
1
-
2
2
1
-
2
_
_
I
2
1
12
Heematura
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
_
1
1
Haimopytisis .
-
2
2
3
-
1
—
_
1
2
2
13
Hepatitis
2
-
1
1
2
-
1
3
_
I
2
1
14
Homicidium
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
_
_
«.
_
1
Hernia
1
I
—
_
_
^
^
1
_
_
_
1
4
Hydrocephala
-
2
-
-
-
—
—
2
_
_
4
Hydrothorax
-
fi
10
1
3
5
2
1
4
3
8
7
fi '
Icterus ....
—
1
-
_
_
_
_
1
1
Ischuria
—
_
-
..
1
1
_
1
^
_
3
Marasnu-s senilis .
4
24
1
13
1
Ifi
-
I
10
2
30
1
32
-
4
7
2
7
30
9
20
15
14
ir>
9
207
Metritis
—
2
1
_
1
™
1
1
1
7
Morbili ....
3
"
"
1
~
"
~
Cunti
3
nucd nvrr
I:J
'
I*
i i
I
!■ i^
rni
>i \
W^
. i'.v'
MALTA.— POPULATION, MORTALITY,
Return of Deaths* &., Continued.
Diseases,
a
3
C
a
a
3
.a
J3
a,
<
o
C
3
1-1
4->
cn
3
60
3
1m
E
o
O
O
1^
%
a
>
o
S5
Total.
Mortui in partu
-
1
-
—
1
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
4
Mortui in utero matris .
3
8
G
3
5
2
4
1
3
4
5
4
4H
Nephritis
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
I
-
—
')
Ncruosdis
-
-
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
—
-
—
2
Palpitatio
Peritonitus puerpcralis .
Pertussis
I
I
1
3
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
—
1
1
H
Phthisis pulmonalis
14
12
12
10
13
8
14
19
-
-
-
—
150
Phrenitis
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
—
1
Pleuritis
•S
-
2
3
t)
-
-
-
1
—
-
1
12
Podagra retropulsa
Pneumonitis .
G
1
2
8
10
4
1
1
2
2
3
4
6
1
19
Pneumonia notha .
1
1
1
2
-
1
-
1
-
-
-
—
7
Rheumatismus chronicus .
-
I
-
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
-
1
2
Scirrus ....
-
-
-
-
1
-
I
-
-
-
-
1
3
Scorbutus
-
-
-
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
•»
Scrophula
Sphacelus
3
1
2
1
4
1
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
•J
1
1
24
9
Suffocatio
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
-
—
I
2
1
_
2
~
2
2
2
1
_
1
1
1 1
Syphillis
W
Splenitis
Tetanus
:
""
~
2
-
2
—
1
1
_
1
1
2
1
9
Trachitis
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
1
Tussis infantilis
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
1
Ulcus ....
1
-
-
1
1
-
-
1
-
-
—
—
1
Vomitus
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
1
Volvolus
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
1
1
4
Ustio ....
1
-
-
I
-
—
—
-
—
-
—
—
2
Total
262
2C2
291
230
195
176
218
252
204
208
211
223
2732
*The greater number of deaths were in January, February, March, and August, and the principal fatiil
diseases. Diarrhoea, Marasmus, and other diseases arising from debility.
Mortality of infants received into the Foundling Hospital at Malta from 1833 to 1836: — Entered in
1833, 163; Died, 135; Survived, 28. Is34, E. 125; D. 112; S. 13. 1835, E. 149; D. 99; S. .Ml.
Is36, E. 160 ; D. 132 ; S. 28. Total E. 597 ; D. 478 ; S. 1 19.
The endemic diseases are few ; small pox has been
unknown for some years ; varicella and scarlatina,
occasionally appear, and measles are not unusual.
The most imjjortant endemic is the plague, which
was first noticed in the Maltese annals in 1549, a. d. ;
in 1593 it again appeared : — in 1623, 40 persons died
of it, and in 1663 it reappeared, when only 20 persons
fell victims to it : but its advent in 1675 was dread-
ful, for 11,300 persons died of this terrible malady.
For 130 years Malta was free from plague, when it
broke out with fearful violence in 1813 ; for, from its
commencement in April, 1813, to its termination in
September the same year, 4,486 deaths took place in
the island, of which 1,223 occurred in Valetta, the
mortality being about 80 in the 100 attac! •.d : the
monthly progress is shewn by the deaths from April
to November, viz.: April, three cases; May, 110;
June, 800; July, 1,595; August, 1,042; September,
674 ; October, 211; November, 53 ; iniuiniiiw of the
thermometer during those months was, 71" 82" 84"
88" 86" 8h" 83" 72" F. stiong winds blew duriiiff part
of the period, particularly in July. How the plague
originated was never clearly ascertained : it wasucTii-
rally attributed to three vessels which arrived in .Miiltii,
29th March, 1813, from Alexandria, where the \)h''w
was then raging; some of the crewt, of those vessels
died on the passage, from pestilential diseases.
It is a remarkable fact, that some of the populous
villages or casals in Malta totally escaped the disurder,
and cases are on record where a woman held her (lying
husband in her arms, or the husband nursed his d) nig
wife and children with perfect impunity ; nay, even
children sucked their dying mothers, and lay iuloWet'.
in their arms without contracting the disease.
VI. When, or by whom Malta was first peopled is
unknown ; according to fabular tradition, the island
was primarily tenanted by a race of giants. When
in possession of the Plutnicians and Carthai;iiiians it
was proOably thickly inhabited, owing to the extensive
commerce carried on ; but the earliest data I can oh-
tain are those given by Uoisgelin, who says, that in
1559, after the raising of the famous siege of Malta liy
the Turks, the island contained oidy 1(1,000 inlial)i-
tantb ; in 1632, without reckoning' the kniglitb, \c. m
MALTA.— POPULATION.
.57.5
u
a
ti
Total.
a
1
4
4
48
—
•_)
~~
I
—
1
H
—
l.-,l)
1
1
f>
4".)
—
7
1
2
1
,S
—
'J
1
li4
—
<J
1
II
2
1
It
23
273-J
principal fatal
— Kiitcrcil in
it was gciiL-
iirrived in Miilta,
here the pla!;iio
of those vessels
iscases.
t' the populous
■d the disorder,
n held her dying
iirsed hisdyms
nity ; niiy, even
and lay iul'olikt'.
disease.
first peopled is
tion, the island
giants. When
Jarthasjiniaiis it
to the extensive
t data 1 can o!;-
10 says, that in
^pc of Malta by
10,0011 iiilialii-
kiiightb, S.C. ut
the Order, and ecclesiastics and olTieors of the Holy
liriitherhood, the number of inhahitauts amounted to
.■il,75(i men, women, and children.
.Aecording In the records the population of the
iwi) islands of Malta and Oozo was in 15'J0, mouths,
-.'s.sni; ir,17,43,7'J8; 1070, 00,000 ; 1780,100,000.
Ill 1775 there were computed to he In Malta and
(iozo, native Catholic inhabitants, 121,507; the re-
f;ular militia, 10,000 (elFective men). The loss du-
linu'tlic siege of the French, in Valetta, from 1798 to
HDO, anio Mitcd to 20,000, including women and
clJIdren ; independent of the troops Buonaparte
I ircihiy took with him to Kgypt.
Tlie next document I can find gives the population
(>f Malta and Gozo, as extracted from L' Almnnacco
ili'llf holi- (U Mnltii. p. Oo:n for the year 1807 : —
Ciillinlir Natirps of Maitu. — The Capital Notabile
(('itta Vecchia, or Medina), and its suburbs, 3,7.il ;
Valrtta, and its suburb Floriana (city) 24,540 ;
(nspicua (city), 9,224; Vittoriosa (city), 3,300;
Sennlca (city), 4,152 ; Birchircara (1st casal, or
linruh), 3,810; Naxaro(2nd do.) 3,020; Curmi (3rd
do.) 3,180 ; Ziirrico (4th do.) 3,010; Ztitun, (oth
ilo.i 4,024; Gudia (Oth do.) 890; SIggeri (7th do.)
•j,715; Zebug (8th do.) 4,020; Attard (9th do.)
;:il ; Musta, (10th do.) 3,003; Micabil.a ( llth do)
7o:i; Crendi n2th do.) 924; Hasciack (13th do.)
1,1)03; Zahbar fUth di.) 2,542; Dingli (1.5th do.)
1ST; Tarxien lOtlido.) 910; Gargur (17th do.) 949 ;
Sati (If^th do.) 178, Chercop 19th do.) 300; Luca
(L'llthdo.) 830; Ralzan (21st do.) 444; Lia (22nd
do.) S82 ; total in Malta, 80,225.
rrom the registers of the parochial priests : —
Culludir Natires of (iozo. — CastcUo e Rabato,
.■1,100 ; Caccia (casal) 1,409; Garba (ditto) 1,459;
N .. ■ litto) 1,800; Zendia (ditto) 1,304; Saimat
(litt/ Jl" • Zebug (ditto) 708; total in Gozo,
IL' '
!■ cgisters of the parochial priests :
In ,=aiu, 80.225; in Gozo, 12,829; total native
Catliolics, 93,054. Other inhabitants and doinesti-
rated strangers, estimated, 22,100 ; absent, estimated
by register, 7,050. Grand total, 122,804.
The number of foreigners residing in Malta during
the six or seven years preceding the plague of 1813,
was estimated .it from 30,000 to 40,000. Many
houses were fitted up like ships, with tiers of berths,
and several large vessels were converted into floating
li> tels.
hi 1 H24, the population of Malta alone was estimatpd
liv the deputy inspector of police as follows : —
' I'nimlntUm of MilUa, Murch, 1824. — La Valetta
and Floriana, 25,540 ; the three cities on the other
side of the harbour, 18,049 ; Notabile and Dingli,
5,100; Zebug, 4,770; Siggieni, 3,373; Crcndi, 1,052;
Micahiha, 814; Zurrico, 3,018; Safi, 227; Chircop,
31.^; Aselach, 1,130; Gudia, 1,040; Zeitun, 5,440;
Zahhar, 3,537 ; Tarxien, 1,011; Luca, 1,208; Curm,
4,130; Hiiehiicara, 5,253 ; Balzan, 033 ; Lia, 1,039;
Attard, 907; Musta, 3,309; Nasciaro, 2,905; Gar-
gur, 1,139; total, 90,404.
The estimate of the population of Valetta, Floriana,
and the three cities on the other side of the harbour,
i^ only to the end of the year 1823. The villages are
to the month of March, 1824.
The following return of Malta alone, from 1824 to
\^'I>*, has been furnishid me by Sir Frede-ick Pon-
sonliy, together with the census of 1834 : —
Return of the Population of Malta, during the
following years.
<u
CO
Under what Age died.
-c .
^
Q
1 1 is .
i^
s
umber
Populati
e
a
ifants un
8 years
hildren f
8 to 14
ouths fro
15 to 28
is
- 2
S OS
Ed
1-
■•i:
•a ■"
.51
>•
^.
'4.
.3 .CJ >"
S-^'
6.r.
Q'^
1824
96404
2345
1125; 80 158
231
372
379
1825
97027
2012
1270; 82 179
293
398
384
1820
9S7:?9:2277
1090 02 152
330
370
373
1827
995 19
2434
1180 60 100
200
385
389
1828
100949
2592
1200 79 1 178
291
390
394
During this period of five years, there died each
year of apoplexy, about 120; of dropsy, 200; of ma-
rasmus, 200; of dentition, 550; of dysentery, 130;
of diarrhcea, 280 ; tif miscarriage, 1 20 ; still born, 30 ;
of debility (infants who died sion after birth), 150;
of phthisis pulmonalis, 100; of nervous and bilious
fevers, 170. During this period, of those who died,
no one had reached the age of 100; the oldest did
not exceed 98 years ; of this age about four or five In
each year ; about 30 individuals died annually of 90
and upwards.
The population of Valetta and Floriana, up to the
3 1st December, 1S20, was . . . 20,100
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
ditto
ditto
ditto
at Vittoriosa
at Sen
at Cosp:
Vittoriosa 4,482]
Senglea 5,250 \ 19,706
Cospicua 9,974 J
Total 45,800
It is difHcult to form any estimate of the number
of Maltese who are residing in the Turkish dominions,
or in other countries bordering the Mediterranean.
For the last five years an account has bjen kept of
the departures and arrivals, by which it appears that
about .' 0,000 have departed in each of those years,
and about 9,000 have returned.
The returns to the Colonial Office give the follow-
ing as the number of inhabitants in both Malta and
Gozo ; —
Population of Malta and Gozo.
White and Free
Coloured People.
Years.
Births.
Marriages.
Deaths.
Males. 1 Females.
1823
112204
_
1824
114106
2204
857
2031
1825
115155
4075
736
3026
1820
110505
3973
706
2022
1827
116490
3700
633
2738
1828
59354
59296
3760
684
2904
1829
59239
0O537
3722
720
2592
1830
59482
00480
4027
760
4133
1831
59702
61077
4115
775
2938
1832
005<J4
01009
3739
700
2753
1833
00493
01503
3824
830
3604
1834
60252
61674
3833
862
3090
1835
1830
01028
02120
4091
918
3199
'%W,\
€'^\pi
676
MALTA.— POPULATION.
It is asserted that the natives of Malta are long
lived; but it is to be regretted that we have not in
the list of deaths the ages of the deceased. Abela
states instances of persons living to 80, 90, 100, lOr),
107, and 110 years. He notices one man, a native of
Zabbar, who lived to near 120 years of age, and pre-
served his strength, his teeth, and in part the colour
of his hair ; and another, a resident in the civil hos-
pital at Citta Vecchia, completed 120 years, retaining
his memory and judgment. It is asserted by the same
authority, that some of the ancient inhabitants lived
to 130 years of age, owing to the purity of the air,
and their temperate mode of living.
The annexed shews the population of Malta and
Gozo in 1H34 classified: —
Totals.
i>
M
CO
Malta :
5
■3
S
1
•a
1
^1
Natives
47321
5l6oa
British residents. .
553
480
I-'oreigners
1899
491
Kintf's troops* . .
23!J3
Wivos of ditto ..
262
Cliildren of ditto..
245
2581
> 42407
S3152
nil
Persons connected with
tlie troops, not sol-
diers
3-
32^
tliildren of ditto . .
29
23
Gozo :
Natives
llritisl) residents ..
7837
8
8515
7!
} 7845
8522
606
6n'.>57
61674
I
121
926
* Exclusive of the Malta Fencible Regiment, the men of
which are returned with the native population.
Dr. Hennen constructed the following comparative
Table of births and deaths among the inhabitants
of Malta, from the year 1819 to the year 1823 in-
clusive.
Population of Malta, and Births, Marriages, Deaths, &c. in 1836. [B. B.]
«
Mortality.
t
s
1
09
I-
n
Years.
11
^5
00
.S3
X
■s
e
1819
2029
367
2396
3687
1291
1820
2297
366
2693
3761
109H
1821
1912
354
2266
3468
1202
1822
2310
356
2666
3219
553
1823
2566
363
2929
3388
459
Total
11114
1806
12920
17523
4603
It would appear from the foregoing, that the popu-
lation was then slowly increasing, the births prepon-
derating over the deaths. The annexed table 1 was
favoured with by Sir F. Ponsonby. His excellency
did not inform me whether it included Gozo or other-
wise. It will be seen that it differs from the preceiiiii';
table ; in some years the excess of births is very slight.
0)
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
Total
Number of
Births.
3687
3761
3468
3219
3388
3568
3497
3389
3205
Deaths
2029
2297
1912
2310
256C
2345
2612
2284
2444
1658
1464
1556
909
822
1223
885
1105
761
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
Total
Number of
Births.
3171
3288
3499
3513
3263
3329
3312
4091
Deaths
2538
2302
3407
2582
2468
3171
2732
o ._
"in
r>:a
!»-'
9;!i
795
1.58
580
3199 892
Malta :
Natives
British residents .
Foreigners .
King's troops*
Wives of ditto
Children of ditto .
Persons connected with the troops
Children of ditto ...
Gozo :
Natives
British residents
95
Whites.
■3
at
S
M
8150 8372
5
Total.
£
a;
C ■
O) <n
a p bo
**« *r5 ♦-»
47162! 51796
727 5431
2445
2218
289
19
11
52871
8157
671 3116
3651 . .
342 . .
14: . .
12, . .
53743
8377
61028; 62120
123148
I
3
a.
o
On
01
3
cn
0>
JS
1122
}612{
OJ
6n
CO
a
J=
T
t:
«i
n
s
3529
3
1
78fi
3
9
••
2812
.1"
-'
57
3533, 7982896
558: '1201 303
4091' 9183199
• Exclusive of the Maltese serving in the Royal Malta Fencible Regiment, who are returned with the
native population.
MALTA AND GOZO.— POPULATION, RELIGION.
577
o
1
1291
I
109«
i
1202
)
553
3
459
3
4603
hat the popu-
lirths prepon-
jd table I was
lis excellency
jozo or otlicr-
the precedini;
5 is very slight.
ital
ber of
I
M
DeathsU2«
2538
2302
3407
2582
24f)8
3171
2732
3199 892
7fil
OSS
!»•-'
Ml
795
1.58
580
1
SB
bO
UJ
a
JC
t;
a
a
^
529
78f>
281i
3
3 2"
1
9
57
• *
3.')33| 798;2(>9«
558' 120! 303
1091 91f<31!l'.t
I
ned with tiio
The Maltese are generally of middle stature, with
robust frames, and small hands and feet ; the hair
black, and sometimes inclined to frizzle ; lips fre-
quently thick, and skin swarthy among the common
people where exposed to the atmosphere; the eye
dark and bright, and among the higher classes of
females, remarkable for that fulness and languishing
beauty which constitutes the great charm of oriental
women. In some of the villages, such as the Casal
of Ziirrico, there are a remarkable number of blue-
cycd persons to be met with. In general there is
throughout the villages a good deal of the Spanish
character displayed, but in the cities, and among the
higher orders, a sort of French and Greek character
is combined. The men are industrious, active, fru-
gal ; attached to their country, passive, but yet no-
wise deficient in courage, as they have often shewn,
and they are considered the best seamen in the Medi-
terranean. Those in easy circumstances dress like
other Europeans, hut the lower orders are clothed in
a loose cotton shirt, over which is a wide vest, or
jacket, with silver, sometimes golden buttons, a long
twisted scarf, wound several times round the body,
with very often a sheath* d knife placed therein ;
loose trnwsers, leaving the logs bare from nearly the
knees downwards, and very peculiar shoes called
korch, which is a leathern sole, fastened with strings,
or thongs, to the foot and leg, nearly like the old
Roman ;?andal. The head in winter is covered with
a woollen cap of ditl'erent colours, having a hood
attached, and falling down on the back ; in summer,
large straw hats are worn. The women are attached
to their primitive dress, consisting of a short cotton
shilt, a petticoat (generally of a blue colour), an
upper robe opening at the side, and a corset with
sleeves. The hair, covered with pomatum and pow-
der, is arranged in a high cone in front of the head,
and the face is concealed by a large black silken veil
nWcA fdlddtd , which the wearer adroitly shifts when
exposing her features to a side or full view. Many
ladies of the upper class have recently adopted the
English costume, except during the time of perform-
ing their religious duties, when they appear at church
in their ancient costume.
The Maltese marry early ; instances are not rare
where ^irls have been mothers at thirteen years of
age ; they suffer little in childbirth ; twins are a
common occurrence, but no instance of triplets have
ever been heard of in the island ; and when we speak
of such occurrences as not unfrccjuent in England,
they shake their heads in emphatic silence. Defor-
mity is exceedingly rare, and monstrosity still more
so; in early infancy the children are swathed round
from the shoulders to the toes, including the arms,
which are laid close along the sides, so as to present
a striking resemblance to an Egyjitian mummy. Not-
withstanding this apparently unnatural restraint, the
use of the limbs is early acquired; a crippled or an
impotent child is a rare sight; and the activity of
the Maltese, especially as swimmers and divers, is
very great. In the female hospital there are two pre-
parations of monstrous twins ; one pair joined by the
backs, and the other by the bellies.
The upper class speak Italian ; the language of the
common people is a patois compounded of Arabic,
German, Italian, and other languages. The Arabic,
1 r.
however, so far predominates, that the peasants of
Malta and Barbary can without much difficulty un-
derstand each other. Captain Vella contends that
the Maltese langinige, as it is generally spoken by the
mass of the people, is still the original Punic, which
has passed unaltered through the changes and revo-
lutions of so many nations, which have successively
occupied and oppressed the island of Malta. Some
slight differences may be perceived, chiefly in the
pronunciation, in various parts of the island, but
without disparagement to the language itself, whose
substance is in every place the same. There is no
national alphabet, but according to the fancy of the
writer those of other tongues are adopted. English is
becoming generally understood throughout the
island.
The Lord's Prayer in the Maltese language (accord-
ing to Anderson), " Missierna li inti lis meuiet jit-
kaddes ismech, tigi saltnatech icun li trit int chif fis
scma hegda Hart. Hhobsna ta culium atina ilium u
.'\hhfrilna dnubii'tna chif ahhna nahhfru lil niin hhata
ghalina u laddahbana fittigrif ta tentazzioni isda ehh-
lisna middeni. Amen."
VII. A scrupulous attention to the rites of their
church is characteristic of the Maltese, whose esta-
blished faith is that of Rome. The landed property
belonging to the church is considerable ; and there
are about 1,000 secular and regular clergy in the two
islands. Hy the calctular of 1742, it appears that
there were then 2,000 priests and ecclesiastics in Malta
and Gozo, exclusive of the members of the order.
Previous to the year 1827, many of the churches
enjoyed the privilege of sanctuary, and ecclesiastics
were not under the jurisdiction of the civil tribunals :
but a law was passed in that year abolishing those
privileges, and the bishop's court has now jurisdic.lon
only in spiritiml matters.
There is a Protestant clergyman, and the service is
performed in a chapel in the governor's palace ; it is
not, however, large enough to contain half the Pro-
testants who reside at Valetta, and it is a well founded
subject of complaint that a church has not been built.
A military cha|)lain performs service for the garrison,
in a building not very suitable for the purpose ; in-
deed the want of any suitable Protestant church must
appear very striking to those who visit the island,
when it is recollected that it has been a British pos-
session 35 years. The church service is now per-
formed in Valetta in one of the lower offices of the
palace, formerly either the kitchen or wine cellar of
the grand master; and the accommodation on the
other side of the water, in the Borgo, is worse, con-
sisting only of what was a sort of storehouse of small
dimensions.
The following table shews the great attention paid
by Roman Catholic communities to the religious in-
structions of the people. Every parish has its chapel,
its cure and its festivals. The value of the livings it
will be observed is very small, but voluntary offerings,
&c. doubtless compensate for the deficiency in the
fixed stipends of the priesthood (see remarks p. 580.)
There is a Roman C'atholic bishop at Malta and a
very large establishment of ecclesiastical functionaries.
The parishes are pretty equally divided. Some of the
churches were extremely rich in gold, silver and
paintings, until the French got possession of Valetta.
-
t's'J
578
MALTA— RELIGION.
Churches, Livings, Sec. of Malta, in 1836.— [B. B.]
" h
^i
i' >*
T
wrZiff >
I '(' "
Names of the
Parishes,
in what County
or District,
and extent in
Square Miles.
City Valetta
City Notabile, &
its suburb about
10 square miles.
City of Valetta,
divided into two
parishes, one of
St. Paul Ship-
wrecked, and
the other of
Porto Salvo, a-
bout l^sq. miles
City Vittoriosa,
one square mile.
City of La Seng-
lea, about half a
square mile.
City of Cospicua,
about onesq.m.
Casal Zabbar,
about two square
miles.
Casal Tarzen, li
square mile.
Casal Zeitun, 9
square miles.
Casal Aseiack,
three sq. miles.
Casal Luca, four
square miles.
Casal Gudia, four
square miles.
Casal Chircop,
three and a half
square miles.
Casal Micabiba,
one-half sq. m.
Casal Crendi, one
square mile.
.§•1
1270
5414
S.Paul,
inclu-
ding
Flori-
ana,
12212,
Porto
Salvo,
14760.
4735
4722
10424
3174
1063
6148
1001
1533
1016
391
934
1045
Value
of
Living.
Church,
where situated,
and Number it
will contain.
Number
of
Persons
generally
Attending.
£. *. d.
380
Rnmnn Cntholk.
50 The Cathedral within in the Cathcd.
the city, 4000 ; St.jfew attend, in
Paul, in the suburb,lst. Paul all the!
1000. Ipoputation ofj
I |the suburb. ]
58 I Collegiate Church of|Thc most part
St.PaulShipwrecked, of the popula-
in Strado San Paolo, tion of Valetta
2500 ; the Dominicaniand Floriana.
Church of Porto Sal-
vo,, in Strada Mer-
canti, 2900 ; Church
ofSt, Publio in Flo-I
riana, being the paro-l
chial church of St.
Pauls', 600.
5 Church of San Lo- Most of the
renzo, near the Ma- {population on
rinaof the City, I500.|holidays.
Chapel
where situated,
and Number it
will contain.
2 1 8
7 10
no
living
31
15
5
2
16 8
1
17 6
6
9 8
9
7 G
Government Cha-
pel in the Palace of
Valetta, about 350.
There are in the
city and suburb 12)
churches, calledj
Figliali, each will
contain 150.
Ten in Valetta, and
two in Floriana,
each containing
100.
Number
of
Persons
gencniliy
Attending.
10 16 8
no living.
Collegiate Church ditto,
della Nativity della
Beata Virgine, in the
principal street, 2500.
Collegiate Church ditto,
della Concezione della
B. v., near the Ma-
rina, 2000.
Church di St. Maria ditto.
Grazie, in the centre
of the Casal, 1430.
Church del' Annun-' ditto,
zione di M. V., in the
square, 1770
Church di S. Cata- ditto,
rina Martire, in the
Square, 2000
Church del' Assun- ditto,
zione di M. V., in the
square, 1640.
Churchof St. Andrea ditto.
Apostolo, in the
square, 450
Church dell' Assun- ditto,
zione di M. V , in the
square, 450.
Church St. Leonardo, ditto,
in the centre, 325.
Church della Assun- ditto,
zione di M. V., in the
square, 1050.
Church della Assun- ditto,
zione di M. V., in the
square, 1500,
I
Five in all the par.
each will contain
about 300.
Three in all the
parish, 1 may con-
tain about 400, and
the other two 50
each.
One as above, and
may contain 100.
Seven as above,
and each may con-
tain 100.
Four as above, and
each may contain
100.
18 as above, some
will contain 100,
and some 50.
One as above,
which may contain
about 100.
Five as above, each
may contain about
50.
Five as above, each
may contain about
50.
Two as above, will
contain 100.
Four as above, 2 of
which contain 200
each, and the other
two, 100 each.
Six as above, two
of which may con-
tain 400, the other
four 300 each.
.Most of the
Population m\
Festivals ant)
Holydays.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto.
ditto.
Names of the
Parishes,
in what County
or District,
and extent in
Square Miles.
Casal Safi, one-
half square mile.
Casnl Zurrieo,
seven sq. miles.
Casal Birchir-
cara, twenty sq.
miles.
Casal Curmi, 4|
square miles.
Casal Lia, one-
half square mile.
Casal Zebbug, 4
square miles.
Casal Siggieni,
two sq. miles.
Ca^M Garbo, 4
square miles.
MALTA AND GOZO.— RELIGION.
Churches, Livings, &c. of Malta — rontinued.
579
Names of the
Parishes,
in what County
o .
.11
Value
of
Church,
where situate,
and Number it
Number
of
Persons
Chapnl,
where situated,
and Number it
Number
of
Persons
or District,
ami extent in
.2 Oh
Livin;
■>•
will contain.
generally
Attending.
will contain.
generally
Attending.
Square Miles.
£2
£. n.
d.
Casal Safi, one-
238
7 10
Church of St. Paolo
Most of the
One in all the Parish Most of the
Imif square mile.
Apostolo, in the cen-
population on
may contain about Population on
tre, 600.
holidays.
200.
Festivals and
Holidays.
Casal Zurrico,
330G
13 13
10
Church of St. Cate-
ditto.
1 1 as above, six of
ditto.
seven sq. miles.
rina V. e Martire, in
the centre, 2200.
which contain 150
each, the other five
100 each.
Casal Birchir-
57M
27
Collegiate Church of
ditto.
13 as above, five
ditto.
cara, twenty sq.
St Klerno, in the
may contain 200
miles.
square, 4000.
each, the other 8
100 each.
Casal Curmi, 4
4525
8 11
8
Church of St. Gior-
ditto.
Five as above, two
ditto.
square miles.
gio, in the square,
2500.
may contain 200
each, the others
50 each.
Casel Balzun,
6.51
12 10
Church della Annun-
ditto.
Three as above,
ditto.
one scjuarc mile.
zionc di Maria Verg.
in the centre, I.IO.
each of which con-
tain about 150.
Casal Lia, one-
1274
25
Church del Santiss.
ditto.
Eight as above.
ditto.
half square mile.
Salvatore, in the
square, 1500.
each of which con-
tain 150.
Casal Attard,
926
13 5
Church della Assun-
ditto.
Four as above.
ditto.
two sq. miles.
zione, di M. V., in
the centre, 1200.
each of which con
tain 100.
Casal Zebbug, 4
4725
18 6
8
Church of St. Filippo
ditto.
10 as above, each
ditto.
square miles.
d'Argilione, in the
square, 2000.
of which may con-
tain 100.
Casal Siggieni,
3810
10 4
4
Church of St. Ni-
ditto.
11 as above, four
ditto.
two sq. miles.
chola Vescovo, in the
square, 2000.
of which may con-
tain 250, and the
others 150 each.
Casal Naxaro,
3148
11 15
Church della Nativitk
ditto.
1 1 as above, six of
ditto.
about two square
di M. v., in the
which may contain
miles.
square, 2700.
150, the others 100
each.
Casal Musta,
3781
40
Church della Assun-
ditto.
Six as above, four
ditto.
about 3 sq. m.
zioiie di M.V., in the
centre, 700.
may contain 150,
the others 100 each
Casal Gurgur,
1226
19 13
4
Church of St. Darto-
ditto.
Six as above, which
ditto.
about 2 sq. m.
lonieo, in the square,
700.
may contain 200
each.
Casal Dingle,
536
17 10
Church della Assun-
ditto.
Two as above.
ditto.
about 1 sq. m.
zione di M. V., in
the centre, 400.
which may contain
80 each.
GOZO.
In the Castle and
5672
51 3
4
Church della Assun-
ditto.
In the castle two.
ditto.
its suburb, about
zione di M. V., in the
will contain 50
G square miles.
cnstle, about 2000;
\'ice-i)arochial Ch. of
San Giorgio Martire,
in the suburb, 1600.
each, and six others
in the parish, three
will contain each
100, 2 others each
80, and one built
in 1836, 200.
Ca;.->1 Garbo, 4
1628
9 11
8
Collegiate Church
ditto.
Four in all the par.
ditto.
square miles.
della Visit, di M. V.,
in the centre, 1000.
one will contain
400, and the others
each 100.
%
*
I
flSO
MALTA AND GOZO.— RELIGION.
Churches, Livings, Stc. of Malta and Gozo — continufld.
m
Name of the
Parishes,
in what County
or District,
and extent in
l4
.S 'C
« Oh
Value
of
Living
Church,
where situated,
and Number it
will contain.
Number
of
Persons
generally
Attending.
Chapel,
where situated,
and Number it
will contain.
Number
of
Persons
generally
Attending.
Square Miles.
£g
£. s.
(/.
Casal Caccia, 9
2029
16 lU
Church della Nativ.
Most of the
One in all the Par. Most of the
square miles.
di M. v., in the cen-
tre, 400.
population on
holidays.
may contain 70. Population on
festivals and
holidays.
Casal Zebbug, 2
8f.9
17 5
Ch,.ii.b della Assun.
ditto.
One as above, may
ditto.
square miles.
di M. v., in he cen-
tre, 800.
contain 300.
Casal Nadur, 2
3586
10 8
4
Church de St. .\pos-
ditto.
Three as above, ditto.
square miles.
toli Pietro e Paolo, in
the square, 2000.
each may contain
about 200.
Casal Sannat, 2
1090
16 5
Church of St. Marga-
ditto.
None.
..
square miles.
rita, in the centre,
800.
Casal Xeuchia,
1C50
10 10
Church di St. Gio-
ditto.
One, which may
ditto.
2 square miles.
vanni, in the centre,
l.')00.
contain 60.
Remarks. — The military have a Chaplain of Bri-
gade, who performs divine service for the troops.
The Governor's chapel is not large enough for the
accommodation of the Protestant civil inhabitants, of
which, however, it is calculated 250 attend the Dis-
senting places of worship.
Uesides the several livings, the fixed annual value
of which is stated in the returns, the Catholic clergy
enjoy other emoluments, called " Tithes Primitive,"
and parochial dues; the maximum, however, of re-
ceipts of each, every thing included, is 50/., and the
minimum, 20/. per annum.
The curate of the four cities receives about 66/. a
year, liable to certain expenses.
The great church of St. John, at Valetta, is a Con-
ventual Cathedral, with the Cathedral of St. Paul, at
Notabile, to which canonries are attached, as is the
case in respect to the collegiate churches.
There are no fixed rectors, but the Cure is exer-
cised by removable vicar-curates, who receive each
about 58/. a year, which is bonified to the religious
establishment of which the curates may happi ■ to be
a member.
Independent of the parochial churches and cha-
pels, there are the churches in which great part of
the population attends on holidays in particular, be-
longing to, and supported by, the following religious
establishments: the Dominicans; Minori Osser-
vanti ; Minori Conventuali ; The Augustins ; The
Carmelites; The Nunneries of Saint Ursula and Pre-
sentazione in Valetta; the Capuchins at Floriana;
The Barefooted Carmelites or Theresians, and Nun-
nery of St. Margerita at Cospicua ; The Dominicans ;
The Minori Conventuali ; The Carmelites ; The Au-
gustins and Nunnery of St. Benedetto, at Notabile ;
The Dominicans and Nunnery of St. Scolustrea and
Vittoriosa, and The Capuchins.
The Augustin's Minori Conventuali, and The Ca-
puchins at Gozo.
VIII. Education is well attended to in Malta. There
is a college in Valetta, instituted by the grand master,
Pinto, in 1771 ; it is held in the convent of the sup-
pressed Jesuits, and has lately undergone complete
reform. Degrees in divinity, law, and physic are
conferred under certain regulations ; and there is a
preparatory school attached to it, in whicli all boys
are received upon payment of a trifle. The siijiport
of the college devolves upon government, as on the
expulsion of the Jesuits from Malta, their pro|)erty,
which now amounts to about 700/. a year, was
allotted for the supjjort of the university, and of a
church which now costs the government 1 76/. per
annum, the remainder being devoted to the univer-
sity, in which there are 490 scholars ; those in higher
schools (unless specially exempted by the council)
pay 4s. 2d. each month, from which is defrayed the
salary of the secretary (1/. IPs. Ad. per month), and
certain pensions to sujjcrannuated professors. To this
fund the students in medicine, surgery, and anatomy,
do not contribute, but pay 4s. 2d, each month to
their respective professors.
There are two normal schools, at which more than
1,000 boys and girls are educated free of any expense.
'ihese schools, together with a small one at Gozo, are
supported chiefly by government, — private subscrip-
tions are however received. There was for a con-
siderable time much jealousy on the part of the Ca-
tholic clergy on the subject of education, as it was
feared that it might be made use of as the means of
conversion. This feeling has subsided ; and in one
of the normal schools lately established, a canon of
the church is the principal director.
The children are taught reading, writing, arith-
metic, and the rudiments of Italian grammar, and in
some instances, English and Latin ; the females are
taught needle-work, spinning, and weaving.
Of private schools there are 82 in Malta ; viz. 2\
in Valetta and Floriana ; 25 in Vittorioso, Sangiei:,
and Cospicua ; and the remainder in the dili'cient
casals, or villages. In Gozo there are six private
seminaries ; and a public free school in Rabato, with
35 scholars.
City of Valetta
Casal Zeitem*
IslaudofGozott
MALTA.— EDUCATION.
Schools, &c., of Malta in 1830. [B. H.]
581
How supported i
Name
Public or Free
Salary of School - ' No. of Scholars.
Mode of
and amount j j, „„,„
ot contributions, i ,•' u
' ot each
of the District.
School, and 1 master or
where situated Schoolmistress.
Instruction.
1 School.
Male
Fm.
Totl.'
Governt.|V. Con.
1
i 1
£. s. (I. £. s. d. JC. .1. (/.
City of Valetta
University* & Salary of profes- 375
, ,
375 Old system
Gov.t .. 1113
Lyceum, in sor Sc assistant,!
of Catholic
1 I
convent of 1,010/,
Universi-
1
the siipjiress-
ties.
C(l Jesuits.
Normal! Free Head master, 8.')/.
2<JS
335
C33
Lancastrian
250 3C 3 4, 309 5 4
.school in part' English teacher.
annually.
of the build-; 50/.; lid. mis-
ing adjoining tress,40/.; F.ng-
the Grt. Pri- lish mistress.
son, granted 201.
by governm. |
Tiiree Cities§ .
Normal Free Four assistants,
304
304'Do.modificd
100
5 4 4 102 17 C
sell, at Sen-
at 15/. per ami.
,
aiiniiany. i
plea.
each.
1
City Notabilell
The Piishop's
Piofi'ssorofTliP-
45
45 Feclesias-
4 3 4 .. ; fi57
Seminary nr.
olosy, \2l. lO.v.;
tical.
the cathedral
RhL'tc.3/.r,,v.Hc/.;
',
church.
Latin, :i/.r,s.H(/.;
Ital,, 3/. ftS.Hil.;
Gregorian Ring-|
ins, 21. \0i. j
Public Free 11
3/. e,a. 8d. 1 24
, ,
24
, ,
8 8
None.
8 C 8
school.
Casal Zeitcm**
Normal Free
10/.
50
25
75
Lancastrian
, ,
None.
Uncertain.
school in a
house built
on purpose
by voluntary
contribution.
Island of Gozott
Public Free
45/.
47
, .
47
, ,
50
None. 1 60
school in Ru-
bato.
1143
3G0
1503
* The university was instituted by the grand master, Pinto, in 1771, under statutes, which have been
modified from time to time. A new arrangement of the university and lyceum was carried into etVect from
1st January, 1834, having been submitted to and approved of by His Majesty's principal Secretary of State
for the affairs of the Colony.
t On the expulsion of the Jesuits from Malta, their property, which now amounts to 700/. a year, was
allotted by the grand master for the support of the university and the keeping up of the church. The
government supports the university, having appropriated to itself the whole of the said property.
X These schools were established 18 years ago, during which period there have been admitted 2,304
males and 1,051 females. The children generally are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic, the English
and Italian languages. The females are taught all sorts of needle-work.
§ This school was established 1st July, 1834.
II In the seminary, the pupils are divided into two classes — the first, called Almuri, pay 5/. per annum ;
and the second, called Convittori, pay 12/. 10.«. per annum. They, as well as the professors, &c., live in and
are fed by the Establishment. The seminary, independent of the contributions of the pupils, has an annual
revenue derived from landed property of about 310/.
^ The children are taught reading and writing and the rudiments of the Italian grammar.
•* These schools were first opened in January, 1820, since which period there have been admitted 730
males and 527 females. Reading, writing, and arithmetic taught the children. The females are also taught
needle-work, spinning, and weaving. There are also 26 private schools in Valetta; 2 in Floriana; 17 in the
Three Cities, Vittoriosa, Senglea, and Cospicua ; 1 in Notabile, and the rest in the different casals or villages.
tt Intended for 50 boys, belonging to Rubato and the different casals or villages, in proportion to the
population of each ; of this number 35 are educated gratis, and 15 on payment of a small gratuity to the
master. Reading, writing, arithmetic and the rudiments of the English, Italian, and Latin languages are
'aught. There arc also six private schools in this island.
a
11
t' I
:k i
^i
''I
Ml]
It k
ill
MALTA.— CRIME AND GA0I,8. GOVERNMKNT AND MIIITARY.
I Till' books are distributed under the five followinB;
bends, niid tbe number of volumes as they stond in
the lil)riiry cntidojsue and supplement to February,
isUI, is thus : —
582
Lihmrii'it. — In the year 17CI, the Mnilo l)e Teneen
founded the jiublic lilirary at Malta, wliieh was in-
creased by many silts tioin distinijuisbcd private in-
dividuals, princes and kinc;s. The Kiiij; of France
contributed a select set of books to it ; and it was
privileged to receive copies of all works published at
the royal press at I'aris. The libnuy t )nned at the
general hospital was transferred to it, ami a regula-
tion was established, by which the books of nil tbe
deceased knights became its property ; it also bad an
annuity of .'{00 crowns left in perjietuity to it, ond
derived some additional income by the sale of dupli-
cates, iusoinuch tli:it in 17'JH the numbrr of books,
if we arc to credit IJoisgelin, amourited to upwards of
CiO.OOd. Tiiis library was, since the capture of tbe
island from the French, removed to a large building
adjoining the palace, forineily called tlie (lonserva-
toria. It is a very respectal)le foundation, and con-
tains a number of excellent and some very valuable
works. This library is open to tbe |)ublic at certain
hours of the day, but no books are lent out.
The garrison have a subscription library, both for
reference and lending out; it was formed in lSOr>.
IX. Prisoners of Malta th
vols,
■i:>i',
HM",
f.ll
273
Divinity, Kthies, Arts and Sciences . .
History, Uiography, Voyages, Travels, Mili-
tary Publications . .
Polit(' Literature, Poetry and Dramatic . .
Works
Novels and Romances
Periodicals, Miscellaneous, &c.
There are also books on medicine, siirgcry, and the
accessory sciences.
In the general hosj)ital there is olso a pood library
founded by the meilica! oflicers of the garrison.
The university of Malta grants degrees in medicine
and chirurgcry ; and the Maltese physicians and sur-
geons are now principally educated in tbe island,
many of them being possessed of considerable profes-
sional talents, to dispense which they are required to
produce certificates to the government.
roughout the year. [B. B.]
No.
of Prisoners.
No. of Debtors.
No. of
Misdemeanours
No.
of Fe
ons.
No. of
tried Prisoners.
No. of un-
tried Prisoners.
i
Male
Fm.
Total.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl.
Male Fin.
Totl.
Male
Fm.
Totl
1
1828
3,'-.9
11
370
5
5
f)5
4
r.9
242
6
248
310
10
320
49
1
50
*i
1H29
343
10
3.')3
7
7
50
3
53
231
5
236
276
8
284
67
2
69
(>
1830
2H,'>
11
29('>
5
5
59
5
64
207
5
212
261
10
271
24
1
25
fi
18;il
317
20
337
11
11
221
12
233
56
5
61
•273
17
290
46
1
47
none
1H.32
293
If)
309
6
r.
200
9
209
73
5
78
268
14
282
25
<»
27
7
1833
320
19
339
10
10
202
1
203
106
106
306
19
325
14
, ,
14
7
1834
331
24
355
15
15
170
11
181
145
12
157
316
2\
340
15
, .
15
2
1835
. ,
..
, ,
, ,
. .
, .
, .
, ,
, ,
. ,
, ,
t ,
1836
2034
298
2332
10
10
135
14
149
144
9
153
266
20
280
16
3
19
none
The following returns shew the state of the prison
and the number of indictments and death sentences
in the island.
Number of Prisoners who have been in confine-
ment in the Great Prison of Valctta, on the first
day of each of the undermentioned >ears.*
.1
CO
to
£3
CO
Dates.
^\U
O
o
u
O
Total.
•^ l_
ji
X.
ji
to j 'O
*•*
*-t
(N
n
•^
m
<«
1st January, 1827
46
58
P .
71
—
—
259
1828
48 5J
79
96
—
—
27.)
1829
46 51
71
114
—
282
1830
.53 46
72
91
—
262
1831
51i44
62
98
—
—
255
1832
46
34
57
61
35
8
241
1833
45
35
68
50
31
14
243
1834
42
31
69
72
38
11
263
1835
39
32
71
73
31
14
260
1836
♦ Previous to July, 1831, the prisoners were divided
into only four Classes, and the female prisoners were
included in the fourth Class, but by the new classifi-
cation, they arc no longer included in the Reports of
the Great Prison.
Schedule of Indictments presented and determined in (lis
Majesty's Courts, diiriog the undermentioned years.
en
\unil)er
Ini
prisniinie
it witli Hard
C
of
.abuiir ill
Irons lor
"7
Years
c
1
S ti
a
£
VI
en
S
i
s
a
3
u
I
•5
iie
.J
C
o
1^
^
B
91
IH2-
4
..
6
4
.■i
l.5fi
174
1 K-.'H
•.!2I
•j.'ii
2
5
. .
7
, ,
10
I Mi
l>)ll
1829
Ifi-
2I()
,,
4
2
2
u
..
\Vl
m
ih:iu
l.'ifl
2Utl
4
4
t>
K
4
vn
ISO
ih;ii
la.'i
!.'>:)
2
, ,
h
I
12
5
«()
III
iH:t2
i:i5
i.'>»
, ,
3
1
!»
1
18
10
14!)
lyi
lH:i:i
«:t
i«r
2
2
1
b
10
150
i;o
1831
94
IK)
••
■■
••
5
'
11
/
lyi
SL
X. Malta is rnltd by a governor and a council of
seven members, four of which must hold office within
the island, namely, the senior officer in command for
the time being (not in the administration of the go-
vernment) ; the chief justice; the bishop; and the
chief secretary to government. The thfce unotlicial
members of the council are selected by the governor;
two from out of the chief landed proprietors and mer-
chants, being his majesty's native (Maltese) born
inlijcctt ; and t
nurchants of tin
unil ^^ ho shall hi
a |irriod of not li
The su|iieinc
president, and I
cmrts, viz. that
ningistrates' cou
comnificial coiir
The past Stat
any thing like a
lias been np|)oiiit
tho state of the
nul, civil, and co
The law, as it
|)(>nsive and tedii
jiny has been in
The judges, who
iiiilupcndent with
|jy any authority
louncil. The
Ituhan.
In the crimina
i§ much businci
common oH'ence
is a remarkable a
vatfd nature.
The island is p
being the head c|
and by a garrison
Maltese fcnciblcs,
commissioned do
Maltese themselv
Numbers and distr
Non-cominissinnt
Army, Artillery i
Kenclbles, in unci
O
(Beers pres
t^ .
1
. S V
■r. oa*^
«
i
= 5?
r
I-.
re
3
>• -J
-1
s
O
181()' ..
6
4
;;o
1817
3
3
24
1818
4
3
V
1819
3
3
l(i
1820
3 , 3
\&
1821
1 5
21
1832
3 ; 7
ig
182;i
3 1 1)
in
1821
2 1 i
'7
182J
4
4
1,'.
IS2(i
2
2
4
20
1827 1 3
3
2
IH
1828
3
2 1 2|24|
1829
4
3 4
Vi
l8;io
3
3 : 3
2(1
iHait
lij :i , 4
23
1832
..j 2 '1
23
1833
1| 4 4
24
* oth J
Ian
XI. The revenu
annum, arising fro
lU'nt of propert
ill the island of ^
the importation o
am! port dues, 1'
tine dues, 5,000/.;
3,000/.
Ivo following
hi'y stood in
Fcl)ruary,
Mili-
voN.
Hll-,
.. fill
. . :i.m;
.. Ii73
;ery, and the
pood library
rrison.
< it) tnrdiciiie
iniis and siir-
1 the island,
irablc profes-
c required tu
f iin-
soners.
n.
Totl
1
:>o
2
f.i»
1
25
1
47
_)
21
14
15
i
ly
fi
none
7
7
mined in His
jncd years.
ard
ir/.| i;i
i(,(i m
m 159
ia4 150
s
Hfi III
ll»
14!) 191
III
15(1 176
/
lyi 2i;
a council of
<illico within
commaiul for
n of the go-
op ; and the
ce unotRciiil
16 governor ;
ors and mer-
altesc) born
nEVENrp..
MALTA.— G0VI!:RNMKNT, FINANXES.
subject*; and the third from nnioiif; tlic principal
ni«'rchant» of the island, bcin^ a Hritith burn siilijcct,
and v\lio shall have actually resided in the island for
a |ii'rio(l of not less than two years.
The »u|ireiiie court consists of a chief justice or
president, and four members; and there are niiiiKr
iMiirts, viz. fhat of special commission, an inferior or
niaBistrates' court ; a court of piratical odences ; a
commercial court, kc.
The piist state of Malta httn almost annihilated
any tliin;^ like u code or li:v mrifitn. A commission
has been appointed by the Crown to examine into
the state of the law in Malta, and to prepare a crimi-
nal, civil, and commercial code.
The law, as it is now administered in Malta, is ex-
pensive and tedious. A modified system of trial by
jury has been introduced for certain criminal ciim'S.
The judges, who wer(^ formerly paid by lies, are now
independent with fixed salaries, and not removeable
hv any authority excejit by an order of I In- king in
tDiiiKil. The luuguage of the courts of law is
Italian.
In the criminal court it does not appear that there
is much business of a very serious nature. The
common otl'ence is stealing and pilfering ; but there
is a remarkable absence of all crimes of a very aggra-
vated nature.
The island is protected by a naval squadron, Malta
heing the head (piarters of our Mediterranean fleet ;
ami by a garrison of British troo))s, and a regiment of
Maltese fencibles, consisting of 25 officers, 41 non-
commissioned do., and 4(iH rank and file, which the
Maltese themselves pay for.
fi8.1
Comparative yearly ntntcment of the Revenue and
Kxpendlture of MalU. [H B. I8»a.]
NuBibers and distribution of the Effective Force, Officers,
Non-cominissionud Olfl;;cis, Hank and Kile, of tlie Ur.tish
Army, Artillery and ICnicincers, iiuluiliu^ the Maltese
Keocibles, in cacli year since Ihis.
Officers present or on detached duty at
tlie station.
c
a
h
Si
s
B
5
o
i
4J .
1 3
.J
.1
X
re
3
a
it
a
U
i
c
(6
5
<
are
-A
s
3 =
■a
-.^~-
—
— .
—
—
— — .
-----
—^
"—
—
19l8'
4
;!(!
<i()
20
a
4
5
5
/
2B0
rtb
5870
1817
3
3
24
41
15
a
4
a
3
4
1 .'•,!l
rs
2111
U18
4
3
27
35
22
2
a
a
4
5
Ml
■i(i
2fiil7
1819
a
3
16
2(1
16
1
1
2
2
3
84
14
15IJ6
I82II
3 3
15
21
15
2
2
2
3
1
71
14
1457
IS'il
,.
1
5
21
26
18
2
2
1
2
3
Hll
l(i
1520
1822
..
9.
7
1!) 2(i
1!)
2
a
2
a
3
s;
39
1!I21
18-2;t
3
ti
I6 2li
17
3
3
3
2
3
8!)
37
1014
18!i4
•i
4
17
22
13
3
3
3
1
4
83
36
1778
18J5
.
4
4
l.')
22
13
a
3
3
3
2
77
,15
1679
lS-2t)
2
2
4
20
24
17
4
■1
4
5
3
11!)
40
2032
1827
3
3
2
18
26
14
a
4
4
4
4
123
43
204 1
1828
3
2
2
24
31
18
3
4
4
4
3
123
47
2214
1829
4
3
i
27
3S
18
5
4
5
6
4
141)
52
2616
irao
3
3
3
2(i
36
17
5
5
5
5
5
151
iO
2644
1831t
2
3
4
23
31
13
5
5
5
4
5
153
52
2520
1M3
..
2
*»
23
32
13
4
4
4
3
5
121
13
I'lM
1833
J
4
4
24
3B
8
5
4
5
4
6
154
55
2.iU2
M\ January.
t Ut January.
per
XI. The revenue of Malta averages 100,000/,
annum, arising from the following sources : —
Hunt of property of the crown in lands and houses
ill the island of Malta and Gozo, 28,000/. ; tax on
the importation of foreign corn, ;iO,000/. ; customs
ami port dues, 14,000/.; excise, 10,000/.; quaran-
tmediics, 5,000/.; judicial fees, 4,000/. ; minor taxes,
3,000/.
Rents and duos of tlic
liuideil property <il the
Crown ....
'Iniiisfcr duty on real pro-
l>i'ftv ....
MiHcellaneoiis taxes and
flncx ....
Customs ....
Iiiiiles cnlU'cted by the
(triiin drimrtiuriit ,
TonimKc dues on Kldppinif
Mai.'u7.liic (lues nii grun-
powder ....
Qiiiirani hie duos
Kces of Uie etiicl secretary'*
ofHeo ....
PostRire of letters
rriiitiinr irtii'c ami do-
vcnuneiit linzette . ■
I'uhlic ri'itislry ol contracts
Auction duty
Fees of the Suprenio Conn-
cil of Just lee .
Do. Superior courts of liiw
Fees and incidents nf tlic
inferior courts, and tlie
various branches of po.
lice
Dues on the cliarltablc in-
Ktitutions
Fines and forfeitures .
Interest of money advan-
ced to the (iovcrnmcnt
(irain Concern
Miscellaneous . .
1833.
Total Revenue . .*'
KXI'ENDrirUE.
Salaries and coiitln(fcnt
ciiatBesofttie^overnor'»
establlsbmiMit .
Cliief secretary's otHcc
l^^^t office ....
Printinif office .
Tieasuri r's office
Audit oftice
Customs ....
Quarantine department
Marine police
I,niid revenue
Public works and repairs .
Judicial department .
Markets ....
(jraiii department
CliiirilHble institutions
I'niversity and Lyceum .
Public library
Government scliooncr
Pensions .civil; .
Burthens on the Crown
property ....
Maintenance and passage
of distressed individuals
Stationary for the offices in
general ....
Military pensions
J nterest of the government
loan ....
Colonial agent in London
Miscellaneous .
Total Expenditure £
IH34.
220U6
23!i!l
2i:i(lii
37313
302!)
Hfl
4212
714
fisO
55 1
136
118
lU.->7
B9H
150
26(1
656
1224
IR3S.
102040
(!362
3314
5.iO
T'J'J
1770
873
1127
4786
3378
2352
8822
15114
"51
1555
13892
632
237
4U0
67
3640
477
572
)6oi!
778
2000
1037
23230
790 j
2377)
26t.'iO
.37897
36 J4
43
37 18
836
51U
511
95
173
140
•jiid8
85fi
134
196
1415
1836
105080
32948
791
2»78
24114
32174
3357
81
3765
659
49.
683
I mi
112
119
23397
799
20 1
2.'26;)
31558
30117
35
28U5
fl'
473
625
107
ii:i
119
197.1
873
118
20:
1403
30
96203
84705
6352
3315
493
788 1
1782
858
1137
4727
3500
2503
8371
15246
75
1540:
H767
1 0116
239 1
400I
6630
3679
299
494
1435|
540
2500]
695!
6328
33<>l
451-
818
17»4
861
1624
5312
2874
2642
828'J
80.-;
HI
185
1071
545
9572 I
5788
3411
4HI
840
1787
858
1363
5118
2H45
2504
8451
14894 1 15037
75 2 I 751
1544
1.51198
1008
239
400
6508
3591
409
543
1452
616
2500
3429
84077 8/329
1.561
16362
II
238
400
600i
3544
344
597
1451
65
3800
51(J5
90509
Revenue in 18.'7, 108,245/.; IK'.'S, 104,03.1/.; 1829, 103,0/2/.;
18311, 102,030/.; 1831, 103,086/.; 1832, 101,101/.;
E.vpcnditurc in 1827, 128,457/.; 1828,102,053/.
92,155/.; 1830,87,870/.; 1831, 8; ,174/. ;
1832, 8(i,044/.
1829,
684
MALTA— riNANCES. COMMKRCE.
Oro8« rcvcniip and oxprnflifiiro in ntcrlint;
iiioiicy, Isiil to iHiiC.
14
f
EXPENDITURE.
Years.
Revenue.
Civil.
Military.
Total.
£.
£.
£.
£.
1H2I
<)HH78
H:,r,7y
193 CI
101940
1H1!2
1()211H
ll'( 8 14
1<;991
13783.'')
IHI'I)
wy-Jfif)
!M)()9H
1C,I02
locr.oo
lH2l
92882
HUllfi
1 (•,:.3 1
lo.'.;.47
182.')
'JIC.78
87 91.')
ir>i4o
\M{)-tf>
iH2r,
!i:u;88
94C.I7
in3(i9
110920
1H27
I17()U-)
107039
H.938
123977
1H28
yri8'.(y
87880
11. '•.3r)
9941.'-)
1H29
9.'J48.')
878r,7
1799
89t'i(')()
1830
'j»'jr,i
83231
1C.70
84901
1H31
107291;
92201
I. -.2 9.')
10729t;
The revenue and expenditure is subject to the ex-
iiniitmtion of nti auditor who resides on tlic island,
mid whose duty it is to remark upon any thiiii; u'lt
nuthentieatcd by the Srcretory of State or the Trca
sury in Knglnnd. The accounts are forwarded at a
fixed period of the year to the auditor in Mn^land.
The following is a comparative yearly statement of
the llevenue, &c. : —
RmipUntiiliiin of the Esldliltshmi-nt.— [B.H. 183f).]
— Civil establishment, 2.'), 307/. ; contingent expen-
diture, 3i"),l82/. ; judicial establishment, 12,.').'J3/. ;
contingent expendituri', 2,.'')29/. ; ecclesiastical estab-
lishment, 310/. ; miscellaneous expenditure, 8,700/.;
pensions, 7,4.''iC./. Grand total, 92,344/.
Pmmuns i^innted for Civil Si'rriccs. — [H. B. Ib3<>.]
— No. 1. To jiersons connected with the order of St.
John of Jerusalem, 2,130/. ; No. 2. On reduction of
office, 1,844/.; No. 3. On superannuation retirement,
Jtc. 3,955/. ; total, 7,929/. Tensions irrunted for mi-
litary services, 1,432/. (irnid total, 9,31)1/.
Comniissiii-iat Drpuiinimt. [U.H. 183().] — Amount
paid to British regiments, viz. 5th Fusileers, 9,250/. ;
7th Royal ditto, 1,396/.; 53rd Regiment, 3,479/. ;
59th Regiment, 4,511/.; (JOth Royal Ritles, first bat.
talion, 3,835/.; 70th Regiment, 3,215/. ; 92nd High-
landers, 5,953/. ; total, 31,641/.; deduct sums repaid
by paymasters as overdrawn, 134/ ; totol, 31,506/.
To Royal Malta Fencible regiment, 8,903/. ; deduct
as overdrawn, 11/ ; total, 8,892/. Pay of olficers,
drawn through agents in England, 15,714/.; to stalf
and extra staff, military and civil, 4,996/. ; allowance
in lieu of quarters, ordnance and commissariat, 83/. ;
value of rations, of provisions, forage and fuel, and
oil for light issued, 19,200'. ; deduct for ration stoj)-
pages, 151/.; total, 19,049/. Contingencies on the
preceding, 300/. ; transport, land and water, 245/. ;
rent of buildings, cuninussariat, 42/. ; total, 587/.
Grand total, 80,350/.
Ordnanc*' Department. [B. B. 183C.] — Amount
received from the military chest for the service of the
ordnance, viz. subsistence of military corps, 6,510/ ;
expenses in royal engineer department, 751/.; ditto
in royal artillery ditto, 312/.; ditto in storekeeper's
ditto, 1,31C/.; ditto for military works, 1,804/. ; ditto
for barracks, 2,901/. ; ditto for commissariat, 4/. ;
ditto for works not belonging to the ordnance service,
109/. ; total, 13,709/. Deduct ration stoppages,
1,832/. ; repayments into the military chest, for rent
of canteeim, barraekn, damages, and works not belong,
ing to the ordnance service, 1,898/.; total, 3,230/ ;
balance, 10,479'. I'ay of olllccrs of the royal enci-
neers and royal artillery, drawn in Fngland, 2,23.)/, ;
total, 12,714/. (irand total, 93, .545/.
'I'he ordnance expenditure in Malta cannot be cor-
rectly stated, the respective otllci'rs not being in pos-
session of any rlocument showing the cost of storis
and ammunition.'
Till- amount of bills drawn by the Deputy Cotn-
missury-geniral on the Lords Commissioners of III5
Majesty's treasury, for the service of the year Inik;,
W08 120,476/,; loss by exchonge, 42/. 17.«. Uil,/. ;
produce of bills, 120,433/. 6,«. 74«/.— [H. B. 1836.]
Di'tiiils iif the F.jjieiiditure incurred l»j the (jilanij
on iirroiint tif it.i Militunj Defence in 1836. [B. B ]—
Military I'osts and Works in the island of Malta mul
its Dependencies under the controul of the Ordiimico
Department. Fortresses : Valetta, Floriana, Isoln,
Vittoriosa, Citta Vecchia, Rubato in the Island of
Gozo. Lines: Coltonera, Margarita, Nascaro, — F.ri-
trenchment on the coast. Forts : San Salvator, U|.
casoli, St, Angelo, St. KImo, Tign/', Manoel, Chanil)ray
in the Island of Gozo. Batteries and Towers ; on the
coast. The Colonial Govt rnment has oidy been at the
I'xpense of some trilling rejjairs to some of the towcn
on the coast used for colonial ))urposes.
h'.slilhlishineiit, I'lii/ mid Allniritiice.i iif the Uminl
Malta Fencililc lie>cimvut. [h. B.] — One colonil lin-
eluding six warrant men), 1/. 5.v. 61/. per day; 1
nuijor, lOv. 3.^1/. ; 6 captains, at 7*. each per dny,
2/.24 ; (') lieutenants, at 5,v, \id. j)erday, 1/. in.<. KU.r/.;
6 ensigns, at 4.v. 1 ji/. per day, 1/. 4.«. lOii/. ; 1 [inv-
master, 7.*.; 1 surgeon, 7.«. ; 1 adjutant, 6,«. ; 1 as-
sistant-surgeon, 4.V. 34i/, ; 1 ([uarter-master, 4.v. 3U. ;
1 sergeant- major, 2.i. 3i(/. ; 1 (piarter-master sergraiit,
24,; 6 colour sergeants, at l.«. 5',i/. each, 8.v. 7W.;
22 sergeants, including 4 stall' sergtants, iiayniii^tci ,
clerk, drum-major, armourer, and schoolmaster, iit
U. .'Ui/. each, \l. Ha. t)d.; 24 corporals, at l.v, tacli,
1/. 4.V. ; 11 drummers, at \i)\il. each, 9.v. 4 ji/. ; -114
privates, at ^^d. each, 15/, 14.v. M. Total ]itr ilay,
27/. 1 i,v. 4(/. — Allowance to colonels in lieu of oil'.
reckoning for clothing, 1/. per day; ditto to ollicti.*
commanding the regiment, 'is. ; ditto to field otlims
and captains, instead of contingent allowance, 2(i( ;
ditto for regimental stationery and jiostnge, 20/.;
ditto for paymaster's ditto, 20/. ; ditto for regitncntal
school ditto, 10/. Bounty money for seven years:
for recruits, 2/. each ; re-enlisted, 1/. each.
I'enuuns at Malta in 1(<36. [B.B,] — Pensions con-
nected with the Order of St, John of Jerusalem,
2,130/, The existing knights of Malta receive of this
sum 1363/., and 25 [jcrsons connected with the Order
of St. John, 765/., granted during and subsctpient to
the siege of 'Valetta. Granted on reduction of offices,
1,844/.; on superannuation and retirement, 3,95,5/. ;
for military services, 1,432/.; total, 9,361/,
XIL The trade of Malta in former times, aiul even
during the continental war, was very great ; hut the
plague and the opening of foreign jiorts tended much
to its diminution. It was impossible to deprive Bai-
eelona, Marseilles, Genoa, Leghorn, Messina, Ancoiia,
Trieste, Smyrna, Alexandria, and other places, of sonic
share of a trade which local or other advantages would
always command ; but neither a temporary pestilen-
tial disease, nor a general peace, which ought to faci-
litate commerce, could deprive Malta of the advan-
tages which it naturally possesses for trade under the
protection of the British flag.
. ! Oroat llritiii)
5 --. .
V
" Val,.* No, I,
mi wi:\6-i iM\ 31
IX'JI \:^7'i 'l\(i :i
ms iiitaj
l:i!) V)
mivuvisjH
Mr; a-i
IS'j; l<i:lil'i
XIII in
IK'Jri:i:MlH
liiii' :i.i
IH'jjl llMM;;
;i(w[ :ii
IH:l(l:l.^7nM|
47** a-
|h:ii i:i|)IO,'J
IH"! 'i\i'
HJi m;iHi
111:1 v,.
H:l;rill(ill'il
Ilii l:i<
11,11 IM'ijlH'J
111(1 II).
\w 1'.'h:i7:i iw hii
isailiinuii; II 1 Kii
From elicw
Mi ..
I.1H
1 aai
\*i\ ..
ami :m!i
H'.'.1 ..
1:1:1
Til
Wifl ..
l:i:i
•i-JH
m; ..
■m
4iir.
w.'d ,,
ail'.'
:i:iii
\m ■ ■
INIi
:iyM
KVt ,,
1;;
Mh:
IWI ..
IHII
as,',
mi ..
10
ar:
H.ri ,.
.'(6
or.
h:u ,.
41
7(ii
K\i ..
*7
"(M
It:!!) .. 1
SH
1U.14
t(
I.i.st of vessels of :
Ports of Malta diirii
hour, above 30
under 30 tons. En.
harbour, above 30
under 30 tons, Enj
;i'),Ony; total niiniL
Return of the ni
Malta and Gozo, in
sels belonging to Mi
100 to 250 tons, 67
under, 40 ; total nui
her of tons, 16,868;
li.JOtons and upwarc
100 tons, 17; 20 ton
vessels, 1 OH ; total n
the above, 1,.'')22; ni
Wonging to Malta, :
to (juzo, 97 ; total, ]
:',»17.
The value of the
isupw.udsof 118,001
Ship buililiiig is on
good carpenters : the
the Adriatic. About ;
made, and lind a mark
licaii. Stone for pi
and exported in consi
iMplc.the Black Sea
factories on a small
rwi, iron bedsteads
are remarkable for thi
^^Jtk, neck chains, i
quantities hv exposii
lilt' rocks to solar ev;i
Maltese are highly pn
I'll '.
1^'
lot hclon;?.
Ill, -A.rM)! ;
riiyal cnKi-
id. J.aa.M.i
(if the Riiijiil
ii' cdloncl (in-
per iliiy; I
i-acli (iiT (Iny,
II. 1 OS. lull/.;
10^1 J.; 1 pay.
rit, fi.v. ; 1 as.
jstcr, Js.Sii/.;
nstrr scrgrant,
■nch, Hs. "i'/.;
Is. i)aymiistt'i-,
MALTA.— COMMERCK.
IMPORTS AND alllPI'lNO OV MALTA.
^><.^
i
Qrett Britain.
BiltUb Colonies.
Nortb Ameiloa,
iTnitca autoi.
Forciitn Statn.
Total.
Vivl..*
•JIJMfl'J
Nn.
lilH
Toil*.
VKt.vd'
AI.Mll)
No.
4;ii)
Ton*.
Val.rf
No.
Tonn.
V»l, f No.
Ton*.
Val. £| No
Tont,
Val.£
No
la.v
Ton".
Mrn.
\n.\
3i-i:iii
ii'jiirtj
..
:i8.i:iiiff 780
rt!Ilil(l().17'i7t<
11 (toil
, ^
IH'JI
\-MTi
•l\<\
:nHUH
4'i!l 1 1
IIH
•J777I
, ,
.. 1 ..
, .
:l^:ioi.l, NHji
(111 11:1 A7'Jll'''i
1.1^:1
1:1111 l-i
IS'J.l
itiiai
l:ti)
■iiiiim
•j»i;7
,1IIH
■JllNfll
, ,
, .
IIIIKI.'iH, HHII
<!;(i.'i7 i(ii»;«i;ii.vj7
130(117
IHJll itlj.vs
U7
■jA.Min
HH »7(l
■J.tO
:<-4iuA
, ,
, ,
..
..
:II17IW »91
(tlU'.'l .M'JM4|II lIHx
llD.wrt
n>r uniw
i;io
40017
;i(il4'j
!l.t4
;i.t/i»»
, ,
, ,
• « • •
, ,
:t7.MMn 70H
H7.l.'ifl,M»'Jrt;i« IKW
iniKtfl' ..
IKJ- lilllllH
!ilU
3;iU.'t:i
:i7l)i»
a.v-
:l.-iMll)
»44 :i7li7H
l.iiini Ai
lo:igA
111(1711 il.vi
H.^7J(i rtii07ii;i 17 iM
Khii.'i:! 17,'iJl
h'.'ii iiMHrr
:i|):i
Miimi
•J(I.V14
■i!l» 41701
A.t:! 4ii0'j
.l.t.lH til
:iN07
:ilHui ll):il
MW7i:^41'j:i.i 11)01
lO.'d'Jl IDO'il
|«,l(l I.'IJOMI
474
■JH7'iH
a.iifiii
ailll 4lfifli
(1(17 47.'i:i
11.1117 :i:»
6(1(7
:i'i!ll'.'ll IIHK
7".'i|ll .li'JlWi I7t»7
LMlUU 1(17(10
l«:ll l;l|ll»:i
1H7
■judrti
l.^77rt
•x\n a.tOi).^
AHO' :iH'iJS
l!iH7'i :i'i
fll77
:ir(l:isi
10 1.'.
10714:1 MWVl IHit
miuoy HKl'iH
n;li h;iU1
i(i;i
in7'<4
•J7Jfiii
. . 1 ..
!<.^ 4 lis
imiiN 10
l.^'iii
;i»»jh;
1:1111
l.lH.viH^iirtKil.MtN
iHiO'j.i iitii.^g
Ih:i.i KMlll'Jl
()»
i:iii:il
mill
:iH, .^H|i.-i
liilKl 111
1J.147
;ii;i('Hh
Hl:l
lvl:l:l!l.^ .^u:ll4l ti.M
1 4 lU'JH 10.^)3
11,11 IH'Jc)H'i
loA
1(171:1
•ifl' 4 1:17
■iOII.')
all 41:17
l)7»ti 10
IN 1)1
:iil!i(l:i:i
l.'SHl
i;tlh!)j .V.( 1(10(1 17i:l!l1l!)iHl,(l:iH
Hill I'.'h;i7;i
IJ!)
iidti.'t
•myi
il4i 40.^'i
47111
..1 ..
i:l:l.'»4 31
4117
|iiii.i(i:i
1177
l.VISH.I .-,70SH'J ll.M'|S71.V),la4JI
i».i(
15rtU«7
Ill
iiiiau
■ >
..
I'JJU*
II
1014
i:ilHi u
;uiH
:IIJ-i!).t
lH-i.t
l7H3-i>li(iH.^^3l liKl.illim.loo
i|l)(i:l(i
From eUewhcre, IH'iS, 37,!Ml'. ; INip, 'JO.s.ii/. 1 1 8:10, 3,1,0 jii/. ; iHni, 1.1,77(1/, ; Iti;i3, ■jH,3g.ir, 1 I83;l, 3|;,8I.1/, ;
18;ll, a7,3(10<. J ih;i(1, '.'H.fls.l/.
EXPORTS ANI) SIIIPPINO OK MALTA.
1153
I "11
\nt\
Hi;
1»3!)
Ivlll
isili
Kli
H;i:i
i'-;ii
|l)36
138
310
1:1:1
1:1:1
33)1
303
IHll
17
IHO
10
llfl
44
47
68
33I43|
3l()l):i,
33l.'i(l'
3J!)37
40.140'
a.'KlH.ij
:iU)iii|
I 3Hh;);i;
3K.'.73[
37:10!
07Hn:
7010
7»!IH'
lUS4Ai
43HI .1405,1'
470| 374H7I
4HH| 3«J7(ll
311, 33400
343 33173'
37()1 38|)IH
a.lli 3.1013
301, 387.17
30ri, 30131)1
37i S107
1.1, 33311
OlO 37HHn
n3jl 3UIH))
S40
3!)
47
a7
13
33N43
:iO()l
8UI.1
5107
11)85
list of vessels of all Nations which have entered the
Piirtsof Malta dtiriiif; the year IH34 ; Quarnntiiu' har-
hoiir, aliove 'M ton.s, Kngiish 21'.). Foreign J.'ST ;
iimier .'iO tons, English l(i j tonnage Hli, 01 2. Great
harl)our, ahove .30 tons, Kngiish lH(i, Foreign Mil;
under 110 tons, English 377, Foreign li 17 ; tonnage,
;(i,0'*'J ; total number of vessels, 1,hI'J.
Return of the number of vessels, &e. belonging to
Malta and Gozo, in January, 18,'J,') : number of ves-
sels belonging to Malta, 2.')0 tons and upwards, l.'i ;
100 to l.'.')0 tons, (17 ; 20 to 100 tons, 2.1 ; 20 tons and
under, 40 J total number of vessels, 147; total num-
ber of tons, 10,808; of which were built in Malta,
^i.jOtons and upwards, 9 ; 100 to 2.'')0 tons, 42 ; 20 to
100 tons, 17 ; 20 tons and under, 40 ; total number of
vessels, 108 ; total number of tons, 10,434 ; crews of
tliealiovc, 1,.')22; number of boats of all dcscri|)tions,
hclonging to Malta, 900 ; number of boats, belonging
to Gozo, 97; total, 1003 : number of men employed,
i,«17.
The value of the cottons manufactured in Malta
is upwards of 1 18,000/. HIack silk stuff is also made.
Ship Ixiikliiig is on the increase, the Maltese being
good carpenters: the timber employed is chieHy from
the Adriatic. About 50,000,000 of scgars are annu '
made, and lind a market in every port of the Medit . ,a
iieaii. Stone for paving and building, i; r ic.ied
and exported in considerable quantities to Consti nli-
noplc, the Black Sea, F^gypt, &c. There arc manu-
factories on a small scale of s"ip, leather, inacca-
roni, iron bedsteads, &c. The Maltese jewellers
are remarkable for the elegance of their gold fillagree-
^vjrk, neck chains, &c. Salt is pre|)ared in large
quantities i)y exposing sea-water in the cavities of
tlie rocks to solar evaporation. As ship builders, the
Maltese are highly prized. Large ((uantities of sofas,
4 p
..
;i, .14
:<l
fl7i'>
.. , 11
OO.'il)
.. 1 4
4C1
•• I *
-Hi
:: 1;
H77
1007
5
1340
. ,
I I
772
H!)l
Hl)5
5N'J
Oi)s
735
1037
.183
IOII
■ '.1(1
..117
MO I
not
3(107
030481
70,101 1
."057:1
.,(til(),
■ 40l
, .1,10!
h:I3I3
Oh.iOs
loio|l:i
174143
1,',3;13H
1 .15 Km
I H.I I'
'i(l3 1
|13IH
1 1571
11.171
.. 050
.. ' 370
.. 11310
393707 1843
438fl7o|l730
;IHII3ft'l7fl5
3l()8IOJI5<m
3(11377 1O115
10:1:1771. 'I
:ii(113 I.',-;
,lMOD43;30tt3
118310
183011
133511
114183
1.VI.A77
IO1I53
15.10 1 7
14:1143
lOHlOO
IHI031
IOH773
I0S7!IH
11)7(17:1
310307
1H379
1(1073
1H75,1
10553
iflyitO
IKHII
1:13:10
3U1)33
chairs, &c. are annually ex o.'ted to the 'onian Isles,
Greece, and othe' -'lar.s.
Xlll. OWn.f. — •>.!' s30.]Gold: non3 i;: circulation.
Silver; lUitisli ■rowii half-crown, shilling and s,t.
penny pieces Spanish pillared dollar, dollar of t' ■
South American States, Sicilian dollar and h.ilf-crown
pieces, Maltese dollar, half-dollar, two scudi, one
seudo, six, four, tw(-, and one tari pieces. Copper:
British penny, haifpciny, fartliing and grain pieces,
the latter of the value of one-third of a farthing.
The Spanish t' ■"'\x was declared a legal tender at
the rate of lour shillings and fourpenee sterling, by
proclamation of the lltli October, 182."); issued in
consequence of an order of the King in council bear-
ing date the 23rd of March 182.'>. The dollar of
Mexico, Peru, Bolivia, Chili, and Rio Plata, was made
current at the rate of four shillings and four pence
sterling, by proclamation of the 27th May, 1834, is-
sued in conscciuence of instructions to that effect con-
.. 1. ■' in a despatch from his Mnjosty's principal
. ary of State, dated ."ith April, 183 1. The Sici-
lian dollar which formerly passed current at the same
rate as the Malta dollar, namely at two scudi and a
half of Malta, continues to pass, since the introduc-
tion of tlie British silver money into these possessions,
at a proportioned sterling rate. The scudo oeing
etpiivalent to one shilling and eight ponce sterling.
The Sicilian dollar consc(|uently passes for 4jf. 2d.
12th of a penny ; the Sieilir.n half dollar, 'Ix. Irf. ; the
Malta dollar, 4j(. 2i/. ; half dollar, 2.*. \d.\ two scudi
piece, 3.V. 4(/. ; one scudo, Iv. 8(/. ; sixtari piece, lOti.;
four do., fiiii. ; two do., 3^i/. ; one do., Iji/.
The introduction of British money into these pos-
sessions has not hitherto produced, among the com-
mercial body or inhabitants generally any alteration
of keeping their accounts, and of making sales, con-
I
I
.isr.
MAI,TA.--MONK.T.\HY SYSTKM.
ii
triicts, S!.c.,\vliicli niT ro'itiiuicd ns fiMincrly in Mnltcsp
cunrncy, imiiifly, snuli, tivii, niul j;'''>i'"* '■ -" ursine
mo fiiuiil to 1 tnii. Il' tnri to I scmli, ('(iiml to l.v. Hi/.
Nti'iliiifj. 'I'lu' !;o\i'rmntMit (li-pnitinfiits (siiicr tin-
•J.lfli Ot'coniliiT, ISl'.'i) ki'i'p tlii'ir Hccoimts imd con-
duct tlicir (Msti tiniisiictions in striliu}:, in tiu- saiiii'
innnnrr as in 1",nt;lnn(l.
Ciiiiiyr ofc.rrhiniirr. — [•'•'*• l^":""'-] The Conimittw
(if Mi'rclinnts tli'cliiri' a rati' of ix<-hniii:i' wifli Imii:-
Innd twico i> wcrii foundrd on tin' actuid tiiinsiictioiis
durins tho intcrviMiinf; days. Tlif coniinissnry in
])ursiinncr of his instructions from the I.onls Coin-
missionns of liis Mnjosty's TiTasnry, plants liills on
tlioir Lordsliips, nt till- rato of !()()/. in i-xi'lmnj;!' for
fivory 101/. lO.v. tonilcri-d to liini in Hrilish silver
moiuy, and advortisos for siip(>lit'.s in otlur than Bri-
tish sporii', when hi' has occasion so to do. Thcavi-ra^c
rati' of the commercial ('!(chanj.'e durini; the last year
has hecn :")() l.'Mddth pence jier dollar of exclums;eof
4.«. •_'</.
The following nro the nverape rates of exclmnpe
with the principal jiorts of the Mi'<liti'rranean ;
Tipon Sicily, lO.v. li/. sterlini; per o\n>ce of Hi dollar;
Naples, H.v. .'u/. st. per dneat id' 1(U) grains ; Leghorn,
.|.«. L'(/. St. per gold didlar; Geneva, Hi/, st. per lira
inori banco, and V\<l. st. per lira nuovn ; 'rricste, '2s.
\tl. St. per llorin ; Marseilles, 'Jkd. st. pi'r frinie.
Amoiinl iif Ciiiii in riiTiitnliim. — fll.U. IHHf'..) Sil-
ver and copper, n.ay he estimated at aliout [.'■lO.ono/.
sterling. Amonnt of paper currency in circulation ;
the only jiaper currency in circulation consists of the
notes of two separate hanks, (estahlished en comun-
dite) not amounting to •JO.OOd/. sterling; they are
not received by the government departments, and are
Issued more for the convenience of the comniereial
body, than with a view of profit. These banks are
considered very solid, and are cotuluctcd in a safe and
rc-gular n>anner.
The Monte di l'iet?i of Malta wa.'* established in the
year X^.H, and like all institutions of the sort, in
other parts of Kurope, particularly at Home, with the
object of alVordiiig pecuniary relief to the distressed
Bt reasonable interest, thereby preventing them from
having recourse to nsinious contracts. Any sum of
money, however small, is advanced to the applicants
on th'j security of |iropcrtv given in pawn, such as
pold, silver, and .;tber precious articles, or wearing
nppnrel, whether worn or new. The iieriod of the
loan is for ;t years on pawns of the first description,
and never more than two on those of the latter, re-
luwahle at the option of the parties, who are also at
liberty to reileeni tiicir pawns, at any time within the
jicriod, on jiayment of interest in proportion. The
rate of interest now chargeil is (l per cent pi'r annum.
The \mclaimed pawns at the expiration of the period,
are sold by piiblic aiiction and the residue of the pro-
reeds, after deducting tlii' same due to the institution,
is payable to the iierson producing the respective
ticket. Of the acciunniodation tinis afforded by the
" Monte" not uidreipiently persons in better circum-
stances, have availedthemselves forany nuimentaryex-
igency, and in this way considerable sums have bven
advanced. Till the year I7h7, the operations of this
institution were condMcted by means of money bor-
rowed at a moderate rate of interest, and by funds ac
(piired by donations, flc. Uutthegrand iT\aster Uohan
nutborized the consolidation of the funds of the
Monte di I'ieth with those of the Monte de Keden
zione, nnother institution erpially national, foinided in
the year KKiT, by private doiiati.ins and beipusts, for
the philanthropic object, of rescuing froni slavery,
any of the native.', wlio might fall into the hands of
Mahomme<l \iis, not having means of ransom. Ai
this institution hail larger funds (mostly in landed pro-
perty^ than it actually reipured to meet all demaiiiN,
the act of consolidation proved of the greatest iiiImih.
tage to the " Monte di l'iet^." Thus united the two
institutions, with the new title of " Monte di Vw\\
e Keilenzioni^," conducted their separate duties, iiinln
the superintenilance of a Hoard consisting of a prcsi
dent and eiiiht , commissioners, till the expulsiuii ni
the order of St. .lolui from Malta, which bappeiieil m
the year I T'.'H. Thi' Krench Hepublieans by wJKim
the Island was then occupied, stripped the " Monte,"
of every article, wlu'lher in money or pawns, and tin
loss sustained by the institution on that iinfortiiiiiiti'
occasion amounted nearly to .'i.'i.OdO/. sterling iiii'lml.
ing the share of the proprietors of pawns, in as imiili
as the advance they received on that security, luvcr
exceeded one-half or two-thirds of the value of llu'
articles pawned. It is needless to state that net a
shilling of this sum, was reiiniil by the Wrench gnviin-
ment , after t be rest orat ion oft luir legil imate monanlis
\Vben the Hritish forces took possession nf la
Vallette, in Si'ptember, IHdd, it was one of the first
cares of the head of the government to see this wsclul
institution resume its operations. Accordingly iiiiiw
board was elected, and about ■t,()(ld/. advaiiciil U\
them (without interest) from the local treasury. A
loan was opened to which individuals did not licfituti
to contribute, when they were assured that llii- in
stitiition considered itself bound to pay the old loan.
though forming part of the amount carried awuy In
the l'"rench ; and that in the mean time interest wiiulil
be paid on it. The Monte, possessing landed prii|ii'rt\
to a much greater amount, could never refuse siuii
an act of justice. Happily the cessation of sliwcn,
having |)ut an end to the old charge for riiiisonis,
eiiabUd the insliliition to devote its revenues to tin
payment of interest on the old loan, to the extliiitidii
of part of the capital, to the improvement of its pin-
perty, and for the last l.T years to assign a siilisiih o(
,'idd/. per annum to the House of Industry.
In IH;tCi, |("p,',li;W. was received on pawiii, aiiil
I7,:ild/. lent on do.; "JCi I/, was restnred siuplii'i mi
the sale of pawns.
There is another "Monte di I'ietfi" at (!o»), r^la
blished liy the late Sir Alexander Mall, about .l.l yi':iis
ago; lint its operations are extremely limitnl, in i*
miub as it possesses no funds of its own worth iiiiii
tioiiing, ami has no other capital at its iIIs|iiimiIIiiii
I, -JdO dollars, borrowed from the Monte di l'ii'l:\ i
Kedenzione of Malta, at the interest of .'tpeniiil
per aniiiini.
;(i'(:;/.'.<, !. — I'or gold, silver, pearls, pivciiuis
stones, \.c.
Seilice^iiuo
Oitnvo -J
Traiii'sii
Qiiarta ■! I « H'
Oiielii 1 H Hi :iJ ■'."'
I.lhlira I J in !!(> l!»-' ■*>•> '''
llnlulo* '.M :i» I'.'li "Ml 4HII jlliil T •'
I'esii !, |L>) l.-.il (iiio r.'iia '.'liill isiui •I'll
Catitiuiit W IIIO 'j.Mi -.1111111 I'jiMMi 'JiiMiii isiiaii i.Miiiiiii i;i*"
* A rotiilo is ciiiial to I," IIim. Kimllsli.
t \ eanluri) Is eipiiil to i;.'i 11)-. i;ii|{li»li.
/lcii;7i/.«, •-'.— For all ilcscriptions of dry khuN.
Cuo'l
Uuiirtn to
Oiielu 4 :''
Uiitol'i :iii I'.'li i;.""'
rcHH .'i I. Ml (iiiii Mill"'
riiiitari) 'ill liiii ;iiiiia I'-'nn'i 'r'-"
IVsiilii or lluliilaie* .'I (la :iLii imilii :i(iiiilii .''I'iii"'"
» KIrewiH),! Is siijil liy tlio lu'sida of lliroe caalanis.
i.tiiiir M('ii.'<uiY.
>'
i ^
t
IN'JH
llllsl
i 1 «'/"■
IK1!»
!iuii
in:io
,i:i'i;
ISIII
! 403
ih:i'j
7T7i
lH;i:i
7KIIH
M.illi\,.'
f
,n(!a4
tiimliiii
ih:ii<
i ;;«
■i7
Total
UMh
54ri..
M.M.IA — WI.U'.IITS AM) MKASimi'.S. STAl'I.F, I'lJOIHHrs.
[iisom. A-:
laiiiicd iirii-
II (Iriniiiiils,
ntfst luhaii-
itlMl till' two
inti> (li \'u'\\
lUtios, llIldlM
i; 1)1' 11 pirsi
I'Nluilsiiin ol
liniHirlUMl III
lis l)v wlinm
" Mdiito ,"
wns, mill 111!
; iiut'ortiiiiiitr
Ml'mp; iiulml-
s, ill ns iinu'h
•I'liiity, luviT
Vllllll' III' till'
i> tliut not ;l
rrm'li '^(uiiii-
ntciiioiiiirilis
;i'ssioil III' 1.11
l- (if tilc liisl
Sl'C till:* lisi'l'lll
inlin^^ly aiii'v.
lulviUUl'll til
1 trrasiiry. \
ill not III" itair
I that till' 111
y till' nlil li«iii.
inioil iiwiiy In
iiitiTi'st wmilil
iiiiicil |irii|ii'rly
i>r ri'I'iiM' sui'h
ion of sliiNiri,
X I'lir rniisiiiii'..
CVI'IUU'S to till
(In- I'XtiurtiiiM
It'llt III' its pid-
(',11 a siilisiily ii(
stry.
n pawiii, mill
•I'd siirpliii "II
at (lO/.o, 1^' 1
iilimit ;i.'! yi.u^
ly liiiiilril, iiici*
Ivii wiiilli ini'ii-
its (lis|ioMil lull
into ili I'ii'li* I'
if :i prr I'l'iit
|i';iiN, pli'i'ii'""
Ciri'l
Iriiiii'm 1'^
•J 3fi
■2 I
H
111
III :»
U> nut 1*1-
]lsii illiii T'*"
imi i>iMi '"1"
|iiMI iKillllll i;:l-''«'
imlWi.
IkiikIIiII'
I ilry pioiN.
ClK'l'i
Itinliii '"
4 ':"
I '.Ml ITM'
llllll hii""'
ll'JIllllI ir'JNl'l"
LllilMHl Ml*'"""
Lci' l'l\ll!ill'i"''
Moiiiti'lli)
'I'llllllllo li
Snroo I 'J I
Suliiiii* * Hi !Ki
/))// Mnisiiif. — lor nil Rrnin niid piilso, nlmoiuls,
iilivcs, salt, and various si'i'iLs, and charcoal.
I.iiiiiliii
IlidfMlsiirii !,
Misiii I -J III
III -Jii I ml
(ill I '.'II (iilil
'.'III 4'-ll •.MUD
■Kill HI'JII illiiiil
« (iiio snliiia is riiiial to nlionl ; ,-.Ktli liiislioH liii|ii'iliil
mi-Hsiiri'. \\ luMil anil luirloy aro noIiI liy tlii' slrickoil, ninl all
nlliiTs liy till' lit'a|ii'il iiivaMiiro.
/.iiiiir Mi'ii.iiiir. — Kor cloth, lincri, cotton, stone, Sic.
I'aiiti
l.liicn I'J
I'nlliH'* I'j 141
I'Miiio la 144 iT'iH
rHiiiin t H yrt ll.^'j l;lH'j|
• '.ij imlml mnVc nii I'.iiBllsh yanl, nnil I'J paliiii in IoiikIIi
nnil I ill tliirldicKK iiiiiki' a triitla, liy wliicli Hlilp tliiilu-r ami
liiniiK liif liiiiii<i's aro sold.
f 'J.'ili Kt|iiait' caiiiio ui'o i'i|iial to I tiiiiiolo of land -. Ili
si|imiT liiiiioU arc o<|ual to I salnm ; the KalniA Is oiiual to
t.il KtiKtixli niTOs.
Xl\'. The princijinl objects of np;riciiltinv arc cot-
ton, crnin, and snila; and it is to those that the
tiiinu'rs priiu'i|ially direct their attention ; they, how-
t'vor, extensively cultivate luans, peas, a species of
wild pea (called cucciarda), carrots, melons, iiotatoes,
Mi'/./.n
Piiita
I'liilu
■i
IVrrii
•J
t
'J
t
H
1
s
Ili
:is
ni
l.VJ
.-li
i.t'i
:iiii
l.^■J
:iiii
(ins
lii.-'i
:i:iil
lillH'4
:i.m
liliSH
l:l:i;()
.'..S7
Lii/iiitl M,;>.vin; I. — For all liipuir.s : oil, milk, ami
homy evcepted.
Mer.ro
Uaiutiiio 'J
Mi'//a (Jimrlara :)\ i;i
llanili'* 'J 1 1) :iH
I'lpii '.' I ;i I ;il
llolle II 'J J 14 UK hili
•J '.''J It SH K.ill ir«,-j
• The liarillp Is nlioiit eipial In i|.:i; Impel lal indloiis.
l.iijiiid Mt'imm; :.'. — For oil and milk.
Me/./a
Ijiiartiirlxo -j
Uiiarla I H
IliillTaiiso -J H Hi
t'uiiso* 'J 1 Hi :i'i
llarrile J ' n xi lii
A eiipso is et|nal to aliout 4.:ih iiuiwriiU Kalloiis.
cuhliaKi's, eiiiilillowers, and other articles of that de-
scription : these are piiiieipally cultivated as inter-
mediate crops lietweeii cut I on and corn. [Sec " Co.
Itmiiil l.ihninj" lor details.)
Quart
Uli
.Mt
Hiira
1
Terr.o
•■ti
H)
■J
.\
-ill
4
10
III
Ili
411
Ilia
;i'J
HII
:t'.'il
lit
nil)
liia
I'.'H
;i'iii
'JHU
Quantity of Proilnci* anil Prices thorcof in Malta and Onto, »\nee IH'JA
Nature and Uuaiitlty of Prniiurc.
liiislil. hii^lil. IiiihIiI
iK'iH i|iii;H; INIIIII.1 ii.tii'j;!
IK'J!> !i'i:iiiio tii:iHH7 Ill'iHl.^
ih:io i:i'j;ii nil 41111
I ;
ih:ii i 4fi:ii!i I'Jifir.'
im:i'j 7;*3|>''ii)i(lii)
IH:l» I rWRl' 1)111 NH
Miltn.-j r
i;,i,„.. ["<■"
I uniiiio J l
•lotnl
''""1 /
11 MK.i,^J
iiiii.i J {
MiU'n..
I.nlil
111111
1lliii4li l'Ji)ii:lli
rrxti Hi.Mt
■27\ no
I'ntnl l4:iMft:i 'jollidu
triM:!'.' I0'•"J•J.^
iciii.i ;:i«HO
i 104 ..
Totnl I04,'il!l ir,i:iiiA
MnltR . . 1 f
<ii'/.ii .. \wmi
luuiiuo J [
Total
lo:l;i:l'j' h.homh
1144'.^ H4A:io
n
ll'JH4.'k
i(!;.'iitH
!Hi044
H'J.I'il
l.irii,-.'
.^414':
1 1 .^!I!IH
I Klin
io;s'j
■J 1:111
■JSl
Ii:iiii4
iiii7i''>
■J.^llt
47a
l-J-JN'JH
o
U
Mils. His.
■j'J4iiM Ml:l.1H■i.^
mii:i4l4'i(i»i!)H
.VI7.^.^
4liH|i|
.^7lM)l
.^4•JH.^
;l.^•.'l:l
rj7:t;i
411:1711114
4i'J4i.in
U44.^'i
:iiM'i4'J!»
•j:i47(M;
l:i!)'JI'JA
I7llili!;)74iiii7'2
Ills.
H'i'J7liu!i
■Jfl.MMI'JIo
'J.^'J|l,^:llll
'J."i447.'(HI
•J7.vMiH7.'i
HHII'JIiU'JH
I I I
Oi t/l
a 3
t
Ills. I Ills.
.^:l:l,17.^ 101. mi
lillilirij 4lli).10
I
]imm] iiuiii'j
HHU4h' I07'JS4
I
lO'J'Jll: ■JOUI-JH
40.M1'Jl:l,^
llil'lillllll
l7.^o
4•ilHli,^7*
•J:l.Mlo!4•.|.^•J4 1 li :i.-ili'j;i.'i04
•jo,i7 'illi^tinn
•j.1.1.17 7i<'<l:i'.'o
IH'JM.I
.^II14
■J4IW)
:)0';ii7
lU'joii
4!)407
■i7;i!l744
irtNil
:ih;iiIi|)'JM
4Hh:ii7
'.^'Jlil.l
.MllDU-i
!ir.M40
,'iA.%'to:il
I ..
i
iMlA4n»l
4UH4(i4
4imilll
'.'01
iiU14
s.
soriiiiH,
li.'iKli7
ioiian:i|
i'.>Hiii:i{
Mflli'J'JIl {
iiiis:ii I
I'j:ih.io|
111710
■i.lHlill
,MIO
i:iKii7ii
I :l'iS!)H
IIHHIil
H44
17'ilO(l
1 10117 1
40Hllli
noil
l!H:i77
.\veiane I'lleos of oiulnU's,' iptlon
thereof.
SHI
O
^i
H.tlJs.tt.
f.ii.
^.«r. .\%a
__ ' 'H_
». (/. ,«. it.Ks. li.
.^ :i :i )|!'J .i 1 n ;i)|o 'i
4 '.' :i li'i I I'J :i I lO I
li !i 4 'JlM 4 ;l 70 ^0 :i
!i :t vx lii. .:
ft ll;i !)'2 Di'J "l" 'll" '
:t 'J|'j 10 'J li'i :!'.. , 1
-i
I
-i
'i
1
II 44 .All 4':l 4
:i ll''i ;ll loji 10
.1 li 4 'ii till 4 '
:i II 'i li I III' I 10 I
.% H 4 'i n :i 'J 11 'i
-I 7 U (1:1 lOa l|l1 !i
•i 14 a-i 11 t :i :i
H .
\
1^
.1. rf.
». il.
.'\
1 :i
1
1 1
4
i 1
4
H
1 H
t ihVi II
I A
xak
'X A
'J A
U -Jj
II Vi
ai
II y
1
I
H .%
1» Ht
li II
10 to
II
i»
II
•X
1
—
~.
1
4
•X
1
I h
I Mi
* Keiianium Hi;i biuhvU tiutud in this year.
I'or liuMu'l.
: Ol load of III liuDlicln.
t i
a i
11
58^
MALTA.— STAPLE PRODUCTS.
Stnte of Cultivation, and Number of Stock in Malta and Gozo nince 1R28.
r:i
"v
Nature of Crops
and number of Acres in each Crop.
i/i A
Number of Live Stock.
1
.
■>. d
en
6
1
Years.
i
at
5
1
■■g
(A
n
a
2
1
\i
1
1
1
B
1
a:
c
s
s
41
1
111
Is
No. of Acre
of Uncultiva
ed Land.
9 HI
|1
Homed Cattl
1
u
v. '^
ISJS
ii8r)7
!)H2!)
5808
1 1 395
11754
36s 1
■5448
122
3536
634 fill
50639 41143 ; 5505
12373,3!)3h ..
lR'.i!)
l(i;l3s
!)i:i;)
5720
5404
9516
5684
"""W
71
741'
!)185
63569
46909; 5080 10814
13081 |42.'7' .
ISHO
\OHaCt
!)li24
ti344
4018
IU489
5285
i65S9
60
37)
2701
,56320
46319 4!)(I5 6457
139Ih|i72!i .,
1831
io;h8
!)4;r2
7124
5205
12454
4894
7721 28H
297 1 295(1
61481
465101 5368 7 1 1)3
14248 1151 .
IH.12
81!)!)
10275
8110
44S4
11236
6163
'Sli5;i59
4 74! 3550
61 31)5
46848, 5574
6078
1247:1
l«Mi .,
1 s;):!
87.'il
;iu;
5020
4837
11553
7364
5121
3H12
|7-52j2l6
5120234
1028
1313
•!7H7
2031
55062
46I20| 4602
5951
14785
"511 .,
Malta..
1 f
gns"
4!)54
5937
3121
42976
459961 3700
5773
8725
3234
;wi,i
Gozo ..
WH34^
3:iij
3245
85
57!)
2615
923
1140; 19
..
617
9762
1767 1275
440
4723
III2II 'jiij
Cuiniiio
J I
'
4
8
••
13
5|..
••
31
572
3
7
8
15 ..
Total
yfijo
8203
6030
3700
9979
4748
6265
253
1313
2648
52769
48335
4978
6220
13457
42611
Cljil
Malta..
1 f
sn.i:)
50!)f)
5799
2693
10108
3601
5240
276
1083
6238
48167
46269
3651
5955
9(192
35 Hi
Oozo ..
Vl835^
.!!):>
3572
127
444
3958
565
87-
128
.,
1078
11244
1301
1368
540
3421 34J0
Cumino
J I
-1
9
••
13
9
■■
35
568
3
6
22
21
6ysi
Iota!
8532
8(J68
5935
3137
1 4066
4179
!6l26
4U4
1083
7316
59446
48138
SU22
6501
12535
Malta . .
I f
8211
4H!)2
5381
2086
10207
4945
'4730
184
549
2325
43910
50836 3339
5457
9636 3fiSfi
Gozo . .
hsae.^
603
321)4
!)3
529
3694
645
lo6»
2
2859
12779
1358 1490
615
6588 1251) .,
Cumino
J I
4
16
••
15
••
35
3
6
40 1(. ..
Total
8818
8136
5490
2615
13901
5590
5705
1
186
519
5184
56724
52194
4832
6078
12264|495>>
1
I*.
If. i
r.v
Return of the Produce,
Stoclv, &c.
c ■ Malta, in
1836
. [B
.B.]
Nature of Crop, and number of Acres of Land in
each crop.
Division.
jq
d
.2
6^
1
a 3
S >-
as nj
a
3
c
•3
6
S
3
E
SI
u
•6
w
a
E
D
<u
3
(2
° 2
do
4> .'7
Notabilc and Casal Diiigli .
75,5 870
213
84
843
400
355
178
369H
Casal Fornaro
178 124
266
71
022
439 453
4
9
').)•)
2388
Birchirc.ira
3361 431
400
13
400
487 179
, ,
62
38
2.346
Zcitun ....
1865 31511475
666
1643
1243 1112
13
53
200
H585
-144
Zebbug ....
249! 690 69
84
895
273i 199
23
19
66
2567
37
Muster ....
1319' 169 764
137
1132
608
741
, ,
40
133
5043
■m
Zurrico ....
422| 346 359
231
395
231
200
44
71
222
2521
5033
Zubbur
302, 222 63
10
635
36
33
11
11
9
1332
(,(,
Sup and Chercup
I91I 182 124
85
164
124
84
18
40
209
1221
.,
Sij^gieui
4661 577 67
53
1132
133
178
2
62
200
2870
510
Nasaro ....
573 169 533
62
750
84
440' ..
3
13
2624
3t!09:)
Gudia ....
230
18 118
22
205
104
63
15
23
67
865
59
Attard ....
98
1 1 1 90
53
138
49
75
, ,
, ,
53
667
%
Lia ....
122
121 113
27
143
13
35
, ,
, ,
9
5H3
, ,
Micubiba ....
113
88 80
20
109
20
28 6
12
10
486
iMi
Crendi ....
142
89 71
75
414
2N0
49
4
53
22
1199
:'.i3
Luca ....
222
89 1 80
58
44
222
2:<5
40
44
444
1478
L'.'l'll
Ascinch
136
32! 87
53
135
73
54
. ,
19
5)
640
I:':
Gurgur ....
284
140, 188
223
495
80
91
, ,
20
99
1620
408
Balzuii ....
r,H 58 26
53
58
15
39
, ,
2
,
309
, ,
Turxen ....
150 51 195
6
255
31
87
4
9
549
60
2'!25
868
••
Malta
S2ir4892 53s 1
20H(;' 10^07
49I5'4730
184
43910 !
';oH3ti
Gozo .
6033294 93
529 3694
645' 1060
2
, ,
2859
12779 , 13.)S
Cumino .
4 .. 16
.. 1 ..
15
•• 1
••
••
35 i ..
Grand total .
8818'
1
8186
1
5490
2615
1
13901
5590
5705
186
549
5184
56724
1
■)21'.l-l
KdtuiT of Prod
mnnfij. — Wheat, p
mescliiato, from
1*. ^d. to 2*. <yid.
scsamum, from 5*.
from 16«. l(i. to 1
I/. 10,*. 8(Z. ; vegei
forage, per serna, f
Mdiiiifcrtures, M
—In private house
wsals of Malta ati
■I'ifimi.; nankeen,
striiiL'd clotii for sli
yarn, spun by haiK
into vases, (lower jx
silver, 14,000/.; si:
tons hurtheiis, 2,0i
stono quiirrit's in ev
used is the growth
arc chiclly of a coar
habitants and for c;
and building ii cxpc
(-"onstantiuople, the
triiisic value of the
wruu!:bt gold and si
wri.'bts, 1.11,1 ship. I)
.vears. 'i'lic timber
oik; season of th(; ye
Srwt (luantilics of a
something restmblii
ilti*
Ki^ii
11.1(1
MM
.iStJ
lO'Jd
1.-.
'j(lj
4'J6!l:4;t:,ii
d.
'Ji 4J
o
4; r;
O
:ii!5
■i
* S «
t: a —
i-
' <
^- =
■>\)x
lO'J
•)40
rJO I
no
I (11
:!5
441
37
■m
5C33
GG
,11(1
:i809.'>
ri9
95
:!53
2 J or,
408
. 13.W
724 .-.2194
I
MALTA.— STAPLE PRODUCTS AND PROPERTY.
Return of the Produce, Stock, &c., of Malta, in I83fi {continued).
68i>
Number of Stock.
Nature of Produce and quantity of eaeh.
Division.
Horses,
Mules, Asses.
1
Q
U
O
X
a
o
O
o
i
.s
d
.2
'.a
s
1
c
g
n
i
s
cd
1
1
m 3
td
O
•6
e
S
o
Notaljili: and Casal
bush''^.
buslils.
bushla.
bushl.
bhls.
cwt.
cwts.
cwt.
tornas.
Uins'i
292 311
1022
293
7H.(i
11734
614
338
, ,
1406
22861
. ,
2Hy3
Casal Fornaro .
498 Uf)7
482
396
3040
3808
9513
386
23
2274
70156
62
12932
Birchircara .
296
501
485
448
58"r.
6174
13072
189
14
290
6041
965
9088
/eitun
297
143
8.54
294
9025
1882
9753
3307
47
10312
18898
77
2753
Zebbug
222
42-4
.346
89
4481
15514
1953
2387
80
2016
246n,S()
98
1090
Muster .
481
.557
17.54
359
23026
7450
20057
465
8
2909
13342
108
30523
Zurrico
122
290
646
98
.5284
3623
6497
2441
47
1417
7621
97
3925
Zubbur .
102 132
321
326
2922
858
4292
331
21
792
15086
67
1910
Sup & Chercup
38
108
229
24
2126
2520
4331
984
24
625
46879
109
6080
Siggieui
180
250
390
60
7481
1261
1496
1418
175
3125
62500
1
6090
Naxaro .
29r)
324
796
198
8387
3670
1.5403
740
, ,
1268
2259
. .
7020
Gudia .
fif>
125
174
60
4382
827
5735
500
35
470
3694
37
3023
Attard .
42
79
351
47
2079
2756
1276
1213
, ,
96
1203 ..
1570
Lia
M
20
96
40
1845
3693
49H5
142
, ,
3H4
109 ..
3125
Micubiba .
35
67
74
42
2496
4835
2205
376
7
223
406
1
789
Crendi
32
70
159
20
2701
2874
1819
1410
82
534
1184
187
584
Luca
2.')i 90
200
133
1181
3307
1417
158
8
22
31
3
489
Ascinch
f)2
C3
350
170
2366
790
3939
396
78
320
3451
79
849
Gurgur .
f)9
186
.532
232
! 3512
3199
.5282
949
395
1 797
1 5898
61
4574
lialzun
4.5
51
60
23
1 949
1150
653
59
, ,
1 1 92
793
8
2055
Turxen .
8(;
3339
499
315
334
1 2599
1118
.5473
102
32
i 795
1875
54
3600
Malta
,5457
9636
3686
103332
83038
119765
18285
1082
30267 488317
2014
110071
Gozo
1490
615
1 6588
1256
, 9442
84530
2591
5914
24 19200
1 22615
. .
40806
Cuinino .
3
6
' 40
1 10
71
••
472
i
1 ••
1
••
••
500
Grand total
4832
6078
12264
1
4952
1
112845
I
167568
122828
i24199 1106
1 !
49467
510932
2014
151377
Nittiire of Produce and price of each in sterlin<^
Mdwi/. — Wheat, per bushel, from 3j(. 94(^ to Hn. O^d. ;
mcschiato, from 2*. 3'id. to 34". Okd. ; barley, from
l.v. H\d. to 2*. Oid. ; beans, from In. H\d. to 3s'. 2d. ;
scsainum, from 5«. Oid. to 6j(. 5W. ; cotton, per cwt.,
from 16«. Id. to U. 5s. 8i/. ; cumin seed, from 8*. to
U. IO.V. 8(^; vegetables, from .5.v -ikd. to 3s. Cd. ;
forage, per serna, from 1 Od. to 2*. Id.
Miiniifcctures, Mines, Fisheries, S^c. in 1836. [B. ]).]
—In jjrivate houses in the four cities and the various
casals of Malta and Gozo. — Cotton sail cloth, value
:!8,0UO/.; nankeen, table cloths, counter|)ancs, blue and
striped cloth for shirts, trousers, 8:c. 64,000i. ; cotton
yarn, spun by hand, 38,000/. ; Malta stone, wrought
into vases, flower |)ots, &c. 1,000/. ; wrought gold and
silver, 1 1,000/. ; six ships !)uilt in the colony, 592
tons burthens, 2,083/.; total, 147,033/. There are
stone quarries in every part of the island. The cotton
used is tlie growth of the island. The cotton cloths
are chiclly of a coarse quality, for the use of the in-
habitants and for exportation. The ^*';'.n' for paving
anil buiitling is exported in coriiiiileral)le (piantitics to
Constantin()|)lc, the IMuck Sia, Mgypt, \c. The in-
trinsic value of the inetals is ineliuKd in tlu> value of
wrouglit gold and silver. The Maltese are good ship-
wri^'lits, anil ship-biiiUling is much increased of late
years. The timber is ehielly from the .Xdriatie. At
oiu! sc;\sun of the year (viz. from August to October)
great cjuuntities of a particular kind of tish are taken,
something resembling the doli)hin, called heie lam-
pankeay.
There are no fish
caught, except for the
daily supply of the n\arkct, in which are employed
285 boats.
The following is a statement of all foreign wheat
sold and delivered for the consumption of the i)ul)lic.
from the year 1823 (exclusive of the supplies for the
service of the army and navy), and a return of the
native produce of wheat and nieschiato (one-third
wheat and two-thirds barley) from the year 1828.
Years.
Total Consumption
of Foreign Wheat.
Native Crops,
from 1828 to 1834,
Salms.
both inclusive.
1823
1824
59444
6«327
1825
59785
Wheat.
Mcschiato.
1826
1827
C0641
67756
Salms.
Salms.
1828
49«54
19069
23948
l.><29
54960
1.-.S43
25040
1830
49904
I77.-.7
21195
1831
6,5.159
5682
155.38
1832
53612
9986
29914
18:t3
595,s,S
9983
12787
1834
55150
15711
26539
704480
i'!
^1
•
MALTA.— STAPLE PRODUCTS, PRICES AND PROPERTY.
ill! "P
['■■ i;:
^V
1 '- ,4
lb f
590
N.B. The native crop is estimated, upon the average,
at 30,000 sahns.
The nverngc jiriccs of wheat sold to the public in
Malta, during the undermentioned periods, has been :
Years.
From
1
"1878
17'.U
1801
c
181,'>
s
18IG
g"
E
>
o
o
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
ri823
1824
182.'-.
1826
1827
H
1828
c
1 829
a,
O
1830
1831
1832
1833
,1834
To
1790
1800
1814
Number
of Years,
10
10
14
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0^
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
M'hcat
per Salni,
sterling.
s.
40
40
f.2
(iC
(14
M
r,c,
43
48
40
33
31
30
37
39
44
44
40
43
43
41
42
H
3i
8
8
2
8
8
H
9S
8i
10
4
2.1
lOi
4
8
Hi
Ci
5
7S
3}
5
Oi
Bread per lb.
avoirdupois.
1 2lhs of
n penny
2
5
10
11
10
11
11
7
4
fi
2
1
2
1
1
f.
2
r,
3
2
3
Cumin se^ids and annisceds are successfully culti-
vated, and exported in considerable quantity to the
surrounding countries in the Mediterranean, as well
as to England and America; and the cumin seeds of
Malta are as good as any, if not tlie best, in the world.
The squills grown and dried in Malta are found to
produce the best oxamel attainable from that bulb ;
and the quantity of oranges hitherto furnished by
Malta to the tables of the luxurious in France and
England, might be greatly increased. Indeed, the
oi anges of Malta are confessedly the finest of the Me-
diterranean, and its melons are superior to the best of
the southern countries of Europe. There is a variety
of other delicate fruits. Vegetation of arom^'ic plants
and herbs of every sort, aided by rich pastures re-
freshed by the regular falling of nocturnal dews, enable
the natives to rear considerable herds of cattle and
flocks of shec)) and goats, whose flesh, aromatized by
excellent food, ])os.«csscs an extiuisite flavour. Poultry
is plentiful and excellent. Quails, and a great diversity
of other wild fowl, never fail to come in vast flights
at the time of their annual migrations.
Much attention is bestowed on the management of
bees : a gre.-.t many hives are kept in several parts of
the island, from which they yearly procure a large
stock of deliciously-flavoured honey. Great pains are
also bestowed on the breeds of assc? and mules, and
the qualities of these useful animals liavc been liighly
improved by the inhabitants. The asses, especially,
are well known for their unparalleled strength and
beauty, and always sell at a high price.
'I'he annexed return of the number of cattle, &c. in
the islands of Malta and Gozo, 1st January, 1 835, has
been furnished mc by Sir Frederick Ponsonby.
Bullocks. Sheep. Goats. Swine.
In Malta .... 4437 8.501 3213 3h4.-,
In Gozo .... 447 4731 1035 405
Return of the number of carts and caleches in Malta
and Gozo, which pay licenses, 1st January, 1835.
Malta.
Carts 1137
Caleches . . . 2fi4
Gozo.
25
14
1440
Carts employed solely on the farms are exempted
from license. The number may be estimated, in tlu'
two islands, at about hoo. The license on carts was
taken olf on the 1st April, 1835.
All the domesticated animals thrive in Malta. Tiic
Maltese dog, formerly so much celebrated, is now, 1
believe, extinct. The goats, are of a very fine breed,
but the horned cattle are small, and principally im-
ported from Sicily, Barbary, and the adjacent coasts.
Snakes are to be found, but they are not poisonous.
Birds of various kinds migrate to the island at (lif-
fercnt periods, and the hawks of Malta were formerly
much celebrated ; the bees were also renowned, ami
indeed continue to yield such excellent aromatic
honey, that it is conjectured the island was theiiuo
called "Mdltn" by the Greeks.
Fish of various kinds are plentiful. The dory, rock-
cod, and a species of whiting, popularly called the
" lupo," are excellent. The cray-fish also, found on
the rocks in the island of Gozo, are enormous in size,
and of very fine flavour. One of the most remarkiil)!.'
fish is the " pholis dactylus," which abounds in tlu:
harbour, fornung for itself a complete "habitat" in
the soft rock, which is perforated as regidarly by Hum
creatures as if the perforation had been efi'ected witii
an augur, while they approach each other so closily
and so regularly, that several portions of the rock
appear like the wood-work of a cartridge box,
The price of the best land is from 500 to (iOO icudi
the tumolo (50/. sterling). Land of moderate quiility
sells from 200 to 400 sciidi, and the lowest from 200
to 100scudi,andeven less {li'U. 1.35.4(Z.to33/.f).v.s/.J
The best land rents for al)out 15 scudi (1/, 5.v.) ; the
second quality for about 10 scudi, and the inferior
from 5 to 2 scudi (8s. 4(/. to 3s. 4(/.)
A man farming ten salms is obliged to maintain
constantly two labourers, who generally receive from
100 to 120 scudi a-year (8/. Cs. 8(/. to lOl.) each, and
the farmer generally feeds them in whole or in part.
His other lal)ourers he pays as he wants thim, hythe
day. The price of labour was in ISKi as high as
seven and eight, and even ten tari (llti/., I«. \y.,
and Is. 4{d.) i)er diem, in the summer time. In
1820 it was reduced to six and five tari (I Or/, and
8iii.) At present the jirice is about four tari (iii'('.)
])er diem, and for this the labourers are obliged to
furnish their own tools. Sometimes they are imiil in
money, at others in mcschiato (that is a mixture of
wheat and barley). When they are paid accordini;
to the latter mode, they receive two tumoli cacli a
week ; and this is the method which is generally pre-
ferred both by the labourers and the farmers.
A catalogue of plants which grow in Malta and
Gozo, and of the fish found on its coast, with varinus
other particulars, will be found in vol. v. of my " His-
tory of the British Colonies."
Section I. Tl
isles are situate in
Ills of .'.("i.O and 4(
and 23.0 cast of
Ijaiiian Coast to th
peninsula.
II. The early hi
Greeks Frank isle
with the mytholoi
it is difficult for s
The islands woulc
nizt'il, remained 1
were partly in t^
alliance with the (
Epirus, during his
Rome gave law to
on the fall of the
public afforded pr
rcignty of the islat
In 1737-38, the
efforts for the ex
Morea and other p
sieged Corfu, which
remained the chief
l)ublic of Venice, t
giandizing conquc
diately affected thi
possession of, but
out of the war in
under the joint ])ro
former becoming, I
A constitution \
and afterwards pri
but which the se|)t
fled with ; and by
ander and Napoleo
key, the islands jis
latter. During th
jwssrssion of sever
of 1S15, theseptim
protection of Great
remained. Kor am
[Hhiiinj of tin- Hi
Lihrnnj vol. vii.]
HI. The seat of G
is situate at Corfu,
titude, and the nu
situate a little to t
Adriatic; the cap
alwut 30 leagues, ;
from north to soiit
the north and west
iican, and on tlie
which separates it
fus. Thischanml,
north-west, is aboi
ill length ; at its n;
Cape Karagol, it i
southerly, between
nliout seven miles bi
iieis;hl)ourhoo(l oftl
exceed tin miles in
in the deepest parts
f)'.)!
f).v. Hi]
n.v.) ; the
lie inferior
to maintain
cccive from
cncii, nnd
or in imrt.
m, by the
as liigli as
, l.v. IH,
time. In
{l(i/(. and
tiiri (I'r.'i'.)
obliged to
arc jiaid in
uiixtiircof
according
noli eaci) a
nerally lite-
rs,
Malta and
■itb various
f niv " His-
CHAPTER III.— IONIAN ISLANDS.
Section I. The scptinsular union of the Ionian
isles are situate in the Ionian Sea, between the |)aral-
lels of .ill. and 40.0 south, and the meridian of 20.0
and '2'^.0 cast of (ireenwich, extending from the Al-
banian Coast to the southern extremity of the Morean
|ieninsula.
II. The early hi.story of these islands, called by the
Greeks Frank isles C'\'n(iyi:«i'iimaJ is so intertwined
witli the mythoIoi;y of the Greeks and Romans, that
it is ditlieult for sober truth to find a startiiij; point.
The islands would appear to have been early colo-
nized, remained for many years as separate states,
were partly in the possession of Corinth, next in
alliance with the Greeks, then with Pyrrhus, King of
Kpirus, during his invasions of Italy; subserpiently
Rome gave law to all the little Grecian republics ; and
on the fall of the Eastern Kmpirc, the Venetian re-
public afforded protection to, and claimed the sove-
reignty of the islands.
In 1737-38, the Turks, who had commenced their
efforts for the expulsion of the Venetians from the
Morca and other i)rovinces in European Turkey, be-
sieged Corfu, which, notwithstandini; repeated assaults,
remained the chief of the Ionian Isles under the re-
public of Venice, the fall of which, beneath the ag-
grandizing conquests of the Gallic republic, imme-
diately affected the islands, which the French took
possession of, but evacuated them on the breaking
out of the war in 1798-9!), when they were taken
under the joint protection of Russia and Turkey ; the
former becoming, however, the sole protector.
A constitution was organized at St. Pctersburgh,
and afterwards promulgated in due form at Corfu,
but which the septinsulars were far from being satis-
fied with ; and by a secret agreement between Alex-
ander and Najjoleon, who had then his eyes on Tur-
key, the islands passed \mder the dominion of the
latter. During the continental war, England took
jOTSsession of several of the islands, and at the peace
of 1815, the scptinsular union was placed under the
protection of Great Hritain, with whom they have since
reniairud. For ample details of the Ionian Isles, see
[Hhtdi-ji of till! British Co/onies vol. v., and Ciilvninl
Lihrnry vol. vii.]
III. The seatof Government of the scptinsular union
is situate at Corfu, in the parallel of 39..''0 north la-
titude, and the meridian of iy..'')0 east longitude, is
situate a little to the eastward of the mouth of the
Adriatic ; the cajiital being distant from Otranto
about 30 leagues, and 200 from Venice. It stri'tches
from north to south in the form of a semicircle. On
the north and west it is bounded by the Mediterra-
nean, and on the north and east by the channel
which separates it from Albania, or the ancient E|)i-
rus. This channel, which runs nearly south-east and
north-west, is alxiut twenty-one Geographical miles
in length ; at its iiarr(jwest or northerly entrance, at
Cape Karag(d, it is not two miles across: at the
southerly, hitwoen C;i|)e liianco and Goiiienizza, it is
about scvf n miles broad ; and at its widest part, in the
neighbourhood of the town of Corfu, it does not much
exceed ten miles in breadth. The depth of the water
in tlie deepest parts, Viuies from 40 to .^O fathoms.
The length of the island of Corfu, is about thirty-
five geographical miles ; its breadth, at the north-eatrt-
ern extremity, about twelve : from whence it gradually
lessens until it terminates in its most southerly point
or Cape Hianco.
IV. The mountains of Corfu are composed chiefly
of a compact limestone, destitute of any organic re-
mains, but with occasional strata of Hint, precisely
similar to the Albanian mountains. In some i)laccs
carbonate of lime alternates with strata of vegetable
earth ; and it is often met with, tinged with the
oxide of iron, and presenting on its surface, when
fractured, beautiful arborescences. Fibrous, crys-
tallized, and granular gypsum abounds principally,
disseminated in argillaceous deposits : breccia in im-
mense masses, either purely calcareous or with a
mixture of silcx, is to be met in various parts of the
island ; in some spots carbonate of lime is mixed with
nodules of sulphur, or with coarse jasper : and Dr.
Rcnza, in one spot, found the rare mineral, dolomite.
There is a rpiarry of while marble under the western
peak of St. Salvador, of a very fine grain, and well
adapted to statuary ; and variegated marble is found
in small masses widely scattered. The substance
known on the Continent as alabaster of Corfu, is a
fine gypsum. The lesser hills consist mostly of an
argillaceous soil, mixed with lime: the substratum to
all the low and cultivated lands in the island is prin-
cipally a stiff tenacious clay, very retentive of mois-
ture, and extremely productive.
The island is not apparently of volcanic production,
but would appear to have been separated from the
main land by some violent convulsion of nature.
Earthquakes, however, are not uncommon at Corfu,
and are supposed to originate in the i.'^land itself, and
not to be shocks iri relation to other earthquakes ;
they generally run from north-west to south-east,
and are slight; but in 174.5, one shock was so severe
as to destroy the palace, bishop's house, and many
other buildings. In May, 1819, a severe shock in
the interior of the island stopped a copious spring.
The great carthrpiaUe which not long since damaged
Santa Maura and /.ante, was not felt at Corfu.
\ . The climate of Corfu is nearly tropical, and the
animal sensations are influenced more by the winds
than by the alternations of the mercury, in the ther-
mometer. On an average of four years, the thermo-
meter ranged from 44.0 to 91.0 ; the general annual
average of rainy days for the four years being 'M'>^. It
appears that there is not a month in the year in which
rain does not fall for a greater or less number of days,
but November and December, F'ebruary and March,
are the most rainy.
Snow very seldom falls in the island, and when it
does it soon melts. Sometimes the summit of St.
Salvador is covered in patches, which continues for
ten or twelve days. On the Albanian mountains the
snow begins to fall, generally si)eaking, about the end
of November, and continues till May.
Fevers, especially of the remittent and interrHittcnt
types, are of freciMciit occurrence, and form nearly
two-fifths of the total admissions into the hospi-
tals.
: it
: f
I
til
t i
692
The total of all diseasps adm Ucd into the hospitals
during seven years cndingin IF'M.was, 15, 191, among
which were : — common fcvor s, ;<,299 ; typhus, 2 ; rc-
mittants, 1,400; quotidians, 34 J ; tertians, 285;
(pmrtans, 17 ; unclasscd iiiiLrr^ittants, 'MC> ; total,
5,721. The mortality hy fevers of all descriptions
was 1 70, or about 1 in 33 2-thirds.
Dijsinitery is the next most important disease
treated in the military hospitals of Corfu.
Diarrh'i'n is also of frequent occurrence ; there
were treated (105 cases, of which o.ily two died, or 1
in 302.i.
Phthisis and pulmonic inftammat ons, ns i.hey oc-
curred at Malta, Gibraltar, and Minorca, bear n pro-
portion of 1 to 2i of all the other serious complaints.
The other diseases do not require notice; the plague
has several times appeared, and of twenty-eight cases
treated in 181 G, only three recovered.
Tho following return shewing the comparative
health of the troops serving in the Ionian islands and
other places, was furnished by J. \V. Hay, I'>q., (then
under secretary of state for the colonies) to the Com-
mittee of the H. C, on Military Establishments, 9th
July, 1834. It docs not, however, afford a fair test
of comparative healthiness of station, as it is well
known a regiment may be very healthy in one year
and not in another : residents afford a fairer test of
climate than troops, continually shifting, and ad-
dicted to intemperance.
PERIOD.
June 1831
January 183'j
June !«:« ..
January lH:is
August 1833 ,.
Ionian
Islands.
3133
3»r;
3ii(iy
■2983
30-.'3
112
76
8g
12(1
July 1833.
Cpphalonia, although second in rank to Corfu, is
the largest of the islands com|)osing the septinsular
union. It is situate in the jiarallel of 38.27. north
lat., and the meridian of 20.32. east of Greenwich,
having Santa Maura about six miles to the north-
ward, Zante eight miles to the southward, and the
west coast of the Morea 24 miles distant. The area
is 348 square miles, the extreme length 32, extreme
breadth 18, and the circumference following the coast
150 miles.
Cephalonia is extremely rugged and mountainous.
The general direction of the mountains is from south
to north. At the southern extremity of the range, or
opposite the coast of Zante, is the highest mountain
in the Ionian islands, tlie mountain yEnos of anti-
quity, the modern HInck Momitain, or Montagna
Negra, 3,()25 feet above the level of the sea.
The harbour of Cephalonia runs inland for eight
miles, rather dillieult of ingress and egress, owin? to
its serpentine form, but offering a spacious and con-
venient shipping port. The entrance to the haven is
extremely picturesque: on cither side groves and
plantations, relieved in the back-ground by majestic
mountains, meet the eye in varied succession. To
the left, on the western side of the harbour, three
miles from its entrance, stands the town of Lixuri
(olim I'alis). In front of this town the harbour opeis
into a branch running to the south-east for three
miles ; and on the peninsula formed by this branch,
IONIAN ISLANDS.— CLIMATE.
and close to the sea, is Argostoli, the capital of the
island.
Ziinte, Zacynthos, or Zacynth\is, supposed to be so
called from its being the burial-place of one of the
Bieotian followers of Hercules, (Phny states it was
formerly called llyria,) is situated in the iiarallil of
37.47. north, and the meridian of 20.54. east of Green-
wich, ten miles di^itant from Cephalonia, and lyin^
o])positc the Gulf of I.epanto or I'atras, towards tlie
west angle of the I'eloponnesian province of Elis, tlic
nearest point of which. Cape Klarenza, is distant
about 15 miles.
The area is 150 square miles ; in its greatest k'nf;tli,
which lies north-west and south-east, it meiisnics
24 miles; in breadth 12; and its circuinfcrenci', the
same which was estimated by Strabo, viz. 70 niiks.
From its exquisite beauty, this island is by cdm-
mon consent called " Zante, il (lore di Levante." In
shape it is tra[)ezoidaeal, or rather irregularly oval,
indented with a deep bay at its south-east extremity.
The aspect is decidedly mountainous, and oceupyiii;;
three-tilths of the island, the elevation varying from
500 to 1 ,300 feet above the sea.
The city of Zante is very imposing in its external
appearance, viewed from the sea. It is an opeti im-
walled town, and stretches along a gently curved hay
for about a mile and three (piarters. At about hall' a
mile from the northern extremity is the point of Crio
Nero, jutting into the sea, from whence the town and
shipping are supplied with water.
In breadth the town nowhere exceeds 300 yards,
except where the bouses stretch up the hill, u|)oii
which the castle is erected. In 1819, the city con-
tained 3,730 private houses, 65 churches, five private
chapels, two convents of monks, and two of nuns,
and 27 public edifices of various descriptions, includ-
ing two Jewish synagogues.
The soil is of three different kinds : — a strong clay
in the plain, calcareous on the rising ground, and sandy
near the shore.
Zante possesses petroleum and tar-springs, some-
what similar to those which I have described under
Trinidad.
As the substance termed as])linlte is coming into
use, it may be stated here that according to a recent
traveller, the valley containing the bitumen at Zante
is the segment of a circle, surrounded on three sides
by abrupt and rugged ridges of hills; and on the
fourth, by rocks rising above the water, as if the sea
had, at some jieriod, burst in and destroyed the conti-
nuity. In the marsh within the circle are several
wells or pits ; one examined was about nine feet in
diameter, and surrounded by a dwarf wall. The water
was two feet below the edge, and one foot decj) ; the
surface covered with a scum, which reflects various
iridescent colours, the blue and green are very vivid.
A dark, black substance continually forcing its way
from the bottom, and boiling up in large glohules,
which, as they ascended, enlarged, till near the sur-
face, and then burst, liberating a (luantity of gus,
which the iieasantry say is highly inllanunnble. Sonii-
tinu's the globules are transparent, and assume a sin-
gular brilliancy, rising to the top and bursting, while
a coating of dark bituminous matter in which they
were invested is thrown off. This dark substance is
the petroleum, or rock-pitch, which, being speciticully
heavier than the water, remains below, covering the
sides and part of the bottom. The brilliant globules
disengaged from it are pure naphtha, or rockoil,
which forms a light oleaginous stratum above, rcllcct-
ing various beautiful colours. The intervening water
is sweet and fit tor use, but strongly inipregiiated
Ceylon.
Mauri-
tius.
Jamaica.
t/i
a.
a.
p.
hi
H
116
i;.w
1
u
■■mi)
137
2''a2
93
3B4(I
120
1754
itiy
26.19
118
■M'J7
08
1714
147
2797
114
3(i8!)
128
1794
16.5 2!).-)7
228
31/33
iir
2243
182
♦3397
22,1
IONIAN ISLANDS.— POPULATION.
59S
with a taste like tar-watcr, and it is prcscriljed in va-
rious disppptic complaints. The pitcli is collected
with large sooons into a pit adjoining the well, and
thence thro... » into barrels. The best time forgather-
ing it is summer, when it is exuded in the greatest
(Hiaiitities ; and they annually fill about 100 barrels,
which is used for smearing the bottoms of ships and
similar purposes.
There are many instances of longevity among the
Zantiotcs, and several inhabitants are known to be
above 1)0 years of age, in the full possession •" all their
facidties.
'/ante abounds in aromatic herbs, the odour of
which is experienced some distance at sea ; and the
delicious flavour of the Zantiotc honey is doubtless
owing to the fragrance of the herbage. Currants,
oil, wine, and fla.v are the principal vegetable pro-
ducts
Santa Afaura Island (olim Neritos, then Leucadia,
from \tvKor, white, owing to its white rocks) formed
by the artificial construction of a channel dividing it
from the mainland of Acarnania, with Ccphalonia 10
miles to the southward, and Corfu .S,") to the north-
west, is situate in .■5H.40. north lat., and 20.46 cast of
Greenwich, having an area of 180 square miles; in
extreme length 2.'., in extreme breadth 10, and about
60 miles in circumference.
Santa Maura is a mass of mountains, of which St.
F.lias, the highest, rises to an elevation of 3,000 feet
above the level of the sea. The figiu'e of the island
is somewhat triangular ; the north-west coast, which
forms the base line, runs straight and perpendiculnr,
raising the land to a considerable height above the
level of the sea ; from this the surface inclines irregu-
larly towards the eastern coast, giving the whole
nearly an eastern aspect. A ])art, however, consider-
able in population and productiveness, although of
small extent, owing to its narrowness, enjoys a tine
western aspect.
Amaxichi, the chief town, about a mile in circum-
ference, is situate on a very beautiful plain two miles
long, one broad, and thickly covered with olives, and
contains upwards of fi.OOO inhabitants, the remaining
being scattered among 32 villages, some of them situ-
ate on the very tops of the mountains.
Ithncn (called Thiaki by the natives, y<tl de Compare
by the Venetians), in lat, 3S.2,'). north, hmg. 20.40.
east, is bounded on the south and east by Cephalonia,
from which it is distant about eight miles ; on the
cast and north-east by the cbunnel of Zante, and a
group of small islands, the ancient Eehinades ; on the
north by a part of Santa Maura; and on the north-
west, west and south-west by the channel which runs
between Santa Maura and Cephalonia. It is distant
from the main land of Acarn^"ia about 1,') miles at
the nearest point, and 8omewhu.t more than 30 miles
distant, in a south-east direction, lie.s the opening of
the giilph of Lepanto. 'I'he shape is irregular, the
extreme length from north to south being 18 miles,
extreme breadth, five, but in some places not more
than one mile and a half; its circumference about 30,
and its area 44 square miles.
The appearance of Ithaca is unprepossessing, the
whole island being a mass of mountains running in
an irregular ridge east and west ; ot it may be con-
sidered a single mountain divided into rugged and
mis-shapen rocks.
Vathi is little more than a single street, upwards of
a mile long, containing from 3 to 4,000 inhabitants ;
the houses built of stone, and the town remarkable
for its cleanliness and health.
4 o
Paxo, another of the Ionian islands, in lat. 39.12.
south, long. 20.12. east, with an area of 27 stjuare
miles, and 12 in circumference, is of an oval shape,
and composed of a single mountain, which jirobably
at one period, formed part of Corfu, from the sou-
thernmost point of which it is only seven miles dis-
tant. Port Gai alfordi good anchorage for a few
vessels ; but there is an inner har' jur formed by an
island almost in contact with t..e other, having a
circular battery commanding the town, which is scat-
tered in an irregular manner on the beach.
Cerigo is the most southern island of the Septin-
sular I'nion, situate in lat. 30 (i. north, long. 22. .')0.
east, at the entrance of the Archipelago : to the north
of Canee, and south of the Morea ; five miles distant
south from Servi, and 14 east-south-east of Cape
Malio. The area is IK) square miles, the extreme
length 20, the extreme breadth 12, and the circum-
ference about .")0. The islund was anciently known
(according to Pliny) by the name of Porphyris, from
its possessing abundance of that beautiful niarble.
Ptolemy attributes the name of Cythera to Cythcrus
the .son of Phcunit, who established himself in the
island. According to some, Cerigo was first peopled
by the Ijicedomonians, who in the eighth year of the
I'eloponncsian war were exjiellcd by the Athenians
under the command of Nicias. At a subsequent pe-
riod it passed under the dominion of the Spartan re-
public, and served as a retreat to CTeonienes, who on
the apjiroach of Antigonus, king of Macedon, took
refuge in tlie island. Ptolemy, king of Kgypt, was
afterwards lord of Cerigo ; the Koinans next came in
l)Ossession, then the Venetians, and it followed the
fate of the other islands of the Union. The relics
extant denote the former greatness of the place ;
" I'ado (,'astro" ruin, to the northward of the harbour,
stands on the ancient town of Menelaus, whose faithless
wife Helen caused the siege of Troy, and whose bath
is still shewn. Six miles from the harbour of St.
Nicholas, on the east, was situate the former city of
Cytliera; and a little further to the south are situate
some ruins, supposed to belong to a temple dedicated
to Venus Cythera.'a.
The island is oval-shaped : at the north is Cape
Sparti, having a chapel on its extremity : to the south
is Cape Kapello, close to which is situate the harbour,
and immediately above the chief town called Kapsali,
and containing about 5,000 inhabitants, whose tene-
ments otter a marked contrast to the other islanders',
being mostly of wood, and ill constructed.
VI. We have no early censuses; according to the
Colonial Office Returns, the following shews the —
Population of the Ionian Islands since 1824.
Population.
rcrsoiis Em-
ployed iu
«,
•3
12
1
■3
a
3
3 1 , ?
J2 s '^
Si
3
>.
Z
b.
H
■f.C
«s.Z ^ a
»
S
a
1824
175902
irti;
l»034ll
I82H
10462,5
90698
iy.5;t2:t
4n78.t
i|.508 4804 6l.'.9
1196
5.132
18J!)
lOlliU
8H2»7'l8!IS!)8
37s 1 a
7574 4418 5li06 1186.5018
iHaii
10044;
87027 11,7474
aifiifl
lilll :i6.l3 58ttl 1431
549s
luai
0y854
888a6{18!l<)yo
188X3
,5793 3rt(iD 1)127. 1314
4673
\wi->
io:iayi
894S2 l<)2H4ti
3.1.171
•>3J9 411)8 5/76 1564
4306
i8a:i
1«;)57!)
90.588 194 167
3!l76(i
6092: .. 5b97;1400
5013
I8LI4
in:)i)20
y<i47.'i|19M9S
41042
5829 43636212 1424
4118
183b
110496
93746
204242
' '
U34H
,1-23
1
4385
n
11
i?
rt
•!?
;"!!
■\ I
S4t '■'!
I' i-f-
.iy4
IONIAN ISLANDS.— POPULATION AM) RELIGION.
Population of each Ionian Island in 1830. — [B. D. 183(;.]
Persons employed
Area
Aliens
Popula-
in
in
Square
Male.
remalc.
ami
Resident
tion
to the
Islands.
. !i
Miles.
Stran-
gers.*
SciMiire
Mile.
Aericul
ture.
Manufa
tures.
14)3
to
a
1
Cortii
227
3.') 221
29SHfi
<j>*or,
2S7
1.1077 1021
2208
473
1,180
Ceplialonia
348
34 HM
2h;<33
930
1N2
]20si!»jll71 83.1
1094
.1.10
9:tl
Zante
l.-ifi
iwir-,
1.5f.73
1127
220
7('>72 1917
421
1329
370
111,1
Santa Maura
IHO
9077
S09H
190
9.1
24.18 I. -JO
470
r.21
119
370
Ithaca
44
4!) 12
4702
U)H
219
1407 190
931
197
90
119
Cerigo
iir.
4 !■)(',
4.1-, 1
37
7.1
l.'>22 204
19H
283
89
1.17
Paxo
2fj
2.')(;i
2.103
223
19.1
217 198
0.1
1303
110
32
113
Total .
loy?
iioiyiv
I
9374G j
12427
180
41042,.1829
0348
1723
438j
Included in the total number of population.
It will be seen from the foregoing, tliat the present
population of Corfu is upwards of 0.1,000, from
which it would appear that the number of inhabitants
within the present century is on the increase, ns
shewn by the following census, taken in November
1802:—
I 111 hill the Toirv.
Men, Women and Children of the Greek persuasion,
4,700; do. do. Latin, 1,000; do. do. .lewish, 1,229 ;
total within the town, 7, ,129 ; in the suburbs of St.
Rocco, 508; do. Manduchio, do. do. 1,829; do. Po-
tamo, do. do. 2,192; do. Castrades, 2,100; total in
the town and suburbs, 14,218: iiopulation in the
24 midland villages, 7,700; do. 44 northern, do. do.
12,000; do. 34 southern, do. do. .1,109 ; do. Island
of Fano and Merlice, do. do. 773; total population,
44,920.
The classification of the inhabitants in the town
was as follows, aeeonling to the same census :—
Prnpflctor?.
^ t/'
II
11
a
>
c
u
0.
*^
a
m
■■§<:;
Section,
'J .
i
a
J3
'&
-.u
-!U
0.
^. 0.
!/l
u
First Section
12
45
l()5
:i()2
614
51
51
2:su
Second do.
-, 1
41)
141)
a;)ti
5(i!)
48
44
2;i;)
Third do.
2(i
2:11
441
■5;
78
km;
295
Konrth do.
24
5>
2115
415
«!)5
(»7
41
21!)
Kiltli do.
.1
1<)
54
147
225
24
■iU
K(i
Sixth do.
24
1-
<)■!
a;!) 51;)
(it)
lu;
201
Seventh do.
22
4H
Hi
aSH 512
(is
",*
H)8
Total number
157
•270
SHI 24(18 388.'.
423
4MS
14<)8
Ol Jews ..
l:l
2J
11;, M7\ 714
1(11
415
In all . .
170
302
1152
2075
4JS!t
429,
58t
lyia
A curious table of the Roman Catholic inhabitants
of the city of Corfu, for ,11 years, viz. from 1770 to
1820, inclusive, was prepared by Dr. I5enza, and the
following is an abstract of a voluminous series of
reports: — Years, ,11; Born — males, 3,071; females,
2,7.10; total, .1,821. Dead— males, .1,109 ; females,
3,217 ; total, 8,320. Died more than 90 years old —
male*, 3") ; females, 30. Died more than 100 yen rs
old — males, ,1 ; females, 3. Uorn twins and more, 44.
Marriages, 2,23.1. So that the marriages were to chil-
dren l)orn nearly as 1 to 2i, and twins stand to ma.
riages as 1 to 10, and to births as 1 to 132.
Tlic deaths in tliis table bear no ])roi)ortion to the
mnniages and births. They c.<eeed the latter liv
2,.105.
Tiic lonians partake in some general featorcs (H
the Greik physical contigination. The up|)er ,inil
front parts of the skull are well developed ; tlic ha-
tures arc, in general, pleasing, and wear an air of in.
telligence. The complexion, in healthy persons, in-
clincs towards olive ; and in some of the female?,
who are not exposed to the sun, it is clear and -.vhiti !
The complexion of the peasantry is, of course, mudi
affected by the sun. Those who reside in the l.d-
thimo district in particular, and in the neiglihmir-
hood of marshes, in general have a sickly leucophkg-
maticcast. The eyes are almost universally brilliant
and full, in both sexes, and generally dark-c(jloiiri'il ;
the teeth good ; the hair generally brown or hhici,
and busby in the men ; the beard copious ; tlit
figure of the middle standard — sometimes hcyomi
it, — and, if not indicative of strength, promisin;; ac-
tivity. The constitution sanguincocholcric; thi
gestures vivacious ; the gait erect and elastic, and the
enunciation voluble and emiihatic. (See Cuhmml
Lihrnnj, vol. vii.)
The females, are, in general, well formed, many of
them handsome, but they soon fall into years.
VII. The Greek Church is the predominant I'aifli
of the i.slanders, the followers of the Latin or Ri)niish
faith being few, probably not exceeding 3,tiOU; of
Jews there are about .1,000 in the island, all of whoin
are cordially hated by the Corliots. The Uoiiiijii
Church was introduced into the island by the Vene-
tians, and at first was only a bishoprick, but I'opc
Gregory, in lOOO, elevated the see to an Hrchl)i.-lii)|i-
rick ; the chief being generally a noble Venetian,
chosen by the Senate, whose nomination was at-
tended to by the Pope. The cathedral has a chaptir
composed of six canons, who elect a grand vicar. The
clergy of the Latin Church were heretofore paid liy
government stipends, but excepting life interests,
this system has been now discontinued.
The Greek Church has for its head a protopapa
(archpriest), elected by ballot in an assembly of the
clergy and nobles, and confirmed by the patriaicli .it
Constantinople. [t'or a description of the rites
R E C A 1' 1
)
1580
1)
9:n
)
iii.->
9
,?70
11'.)
9
1.^7
2
113
3
4385
stand to ma-
32.
lortion to the
;he latter by
al features oi
e upjitT and
[)t'd ; the iVa-
an air of in-
y persons, in-
the leniale?,
?nr and '.vliitt.
course, muiii
2 in tlie l.(t-
^e neiglihour-
leucoplilcg-
sally lirilliant
k-coloiired ;
n or hiiick,
copious ; the
nies hcyond
promising ac-
holeric ; the
lastic, ami the
See Cotoniul
\Y
ined, many uf
ears,
iiuinant faith
n or llomish
,-; ;i,UOO; of
all of whom
The Uoiniih
by the Vtne-
•k, hut Pope
iirchlji.-hop-
:)le Venriian,
.tion was at-
las a cliapttr
lid vicnr. The
fore paiil liy
life interests,
a protopapa
cinhiy of the
patriarcli fit
of the rites
h
IONIAN ISLANDS.— RF.LIGION, EDUCATION.
A95
of the Greek Church, &c., see Culunial lAbrary,
vol, vii.]
Ecrli'Rlastirnl Return of the Niunhcr of Churrlion anil Clia-
|H'N in tli(< I nitcil States uf tlic luiiiiin UlaiuU, on the
ai.1t December IHali.
Established fireek Church.
Jus
JuN Con- Jn<
Publico.
fratcrnita. Patronnta.
i
Islands*
1
s'^-s . i
•3 . £
. • ■ C S «/ , .3
■a >,42 v-t
3 V in . C
= » V 1 . s
"i >-£
3 k, X
C ra ^
u
55 ^3£
5.6
< c« a. |!« i-
= «■?
2 1
j6'.
^ 1
.*'.
Corfu
46
ia:ii
241)
<J.i7
4ao
7iW
(1
Cc|iliAlonia . .
7
H42
2»r
9:i!)
12.->
41!)
1
Zante
7
fi44
•J 2(1
I!I4
i!(l.1
117
5
Santa Maura
t>i
61!)
IK.
IH!)
146
218
I
Ithnra
4
2IH
17
100
7
.■iO
CcrlBO
3
272
.1
ti
220
94
1
Paxo (Dishop)
■■
33/
5-
«7
4
3
1
Total .
121
401)4
!)U8
•2874
1197
1731
13 '
1
* Total expense of Latin Church, 1,010/. ISs. '2id.
RECAPITULATION.
05|
O IS 1
^ 1
1
o
6
'A
Amount of
Annual Salaries
of Priests.
n . .r i,„j f" Jus Publico" (Public) ..
EstaWislicd I .. j^,^ confraternlta" (Cor-
n!urX 1 pnrate Uodles) .. ..
thurcn. (^..j^^ Patronata" (Private)
Latin Cliiirrli
908
1197 .
13,
• 3
' 1
1868
1
27
3
A',
f 41)91
12874
1010
Knirlish livil Chaiicl, Corfu
liiiclisli Garrison Chaiiel, Corfu .. ..
Ditto ditto Cephalunla .. ..
21.'.
Total
•2242,
8|)8
■tv'.y-i6
In tliC Island of Corfu there is a dissenting preacher, of
the Inili'iiciulent denomination.
Vlll. .^t Corfu there is a public university, also an
ecclesiastical seminary for the education of young
men intended for the priesthood of the Greek Church ;
ami in each of the islands of the state is a school
entitled " secondary," maintained at the public ex-
pense, in which secondary schools the scholars are
instructed in the Greek and Latin classics, in the
modern Greek, English, and Italian languages, in
arithmetic, and the elementary mathematics.
Ill the chief town of each island is a central school,
likewise ai: the government expense, on the nuitual
instruction plan, for teaching reading, writing, and
arithmetic; and in these schools the village school-
masters are trained in the method of mutual instruc-
tion. Besides these schools entirely at the public
expense, there are in each island district schools on
the same plan as the central, and where similar in-
struction is given ; one half of the salaries of teachers
being paid by Government, and every other expense
defrayed oat of the subscriptions from the parents of
the children.
The district and village schools are under the im-
mediate superintendence of the head master of the
central school in each island, and there is an inspector-
general of all these schools.
Schools, &c. of the Ionian 1
slanda.
B. 8.1830.]
i
■0 \s
No. of .0 .
S Is
No. of
Public or Tree Scliols" i-a"
!■=
Sch'ilars in
rss
s-o Si
Private Sch.
School, and where
£
%
situated.
•a
■a
s
i
Amou
Gove
Ex pel
1
i
'a
'M
1
Cur fit :
1 UIlivl■r^ity.
1 Ecclesiastical
^.
£.
seminary.
1 Central school.
•074
..
m
4807
48fi7
52
1311
34U
1551
I hcenndary do.
32 Primary ditto.
I'rphtiftini't .*
1 Central scliool. |
•\
1 SecoridBry do.
Ugi
72
663 1285
128.1
15
406
, ,
400
33 Primary do.
i
'A'luff^ :
1
1 Central school.
1 .SoonndHry do.
324
aii O29
629
29' 614
300
914
•21 Primary do.
SI. M'liini :
1 Central sc h')ol. ]
1
I .Secondary do.
^303
303
894
594
12
221
128
319
19 Primary do.
1
It/iiirn :
1 Central school.
1
1 Secondary do.
1 340
310 .'^89
589
10 334
36
370
7 I'rimaiy do.
1
('i'rif;u: ■
I Central school.
■
I .Secondary do. ]
1 438
438
337
.337
1 ..
18
18
fi Primary do. |
I'll.) II :
1 Central school.
1
1 Secondary do.
}m
, ,
171
388
S88
1
,,
44
44
4 Primary do.
J
-_-
138
2877
72
•2949 8S91
8591
120 2886
1
766
365a
The whole of the establishment for education is
under the general ilirection of the commission for
public instruction, revised and improved by Lord
Nugent. The number of pulilie schools in the i.slands,
ill 1K;M, was \V1, and of private i'0(i ; the expenditure
of Government (J, 171/. The male scholars in puhlic
schools, 178'J; of females, 117. Ditto in private
schools, males, 4,.''iH3 ; females, S2r,. Total in all,
7,31.'). I'or details .'•ec Ilist. of the Colonies, vol. v.
Lihrarii's. — A collection of books, originally founded
at Messina, in ISIO, by British ollicers, and transferred
to Corfu by them, has, since that period, gradually
increased into a very respectable lihrary of .several
thousand volumes, containing many valuable and
well-selected books, to which a very ready access is at
all times allbrded. All military and naval officers,
othcers of the civil departments, Hritisli residents,
and rr>spectablc inhabitants, may become members at
a moderate entrance, and a small annual or monthly
subscription.
Besides this library, the medical officers of the gar-
rison have a collection of English periodical publica-
tions and standard works.
A small lihrary was founded by the Canon Carale,
from voluntary subscriptions among the nobility, &c.
The books were lodged in the Franciscan Convent of
St. Giustina : to this the Ionian Academy added
theirs ; but on the arrival of the French, the most
valuable of the books were abstracted by them. Some
few remain at the convent.
A Bible Society was instituted in the summer of
1819, for the purpose of distributing the translations
of the Scriptures into the Greek language, without
note or comment, and there can be no doubt that
much good will be derived from it by the islanders,
for whose benefit it is intended.
''fi
<■
jf
ill
V
■\ '. '
.'•yr,
IONIAN !SI,ANI)8.-CRIMK AND GAOLS, GOVERNMENT AND MIMTARY
IX. Nunibrr or Prisoners in t\\v CiauU of the Ionian Island!! tliroiii;hniit the Year. [M. R.]
No. of
Nu. of ncl)tor6.
No. of MiKdc
No. of Felon*.
No
. of tried
No.
nf 11 n
tried!
^
PrisoiUTS.
nicnnours.
Prisoners.
Prisoners. ' ,
I
Hi
1
1 «
>•
Mail' Tni. Totl.
1 1
Male
I'm.
1
Totl.
Mule
1H7
Vm
3
Totl.
I'.to
Male
2.')3
I'm.
3
Totl.
Male
•
Km.
Totl.
Male
2 Hi
Fm.
4
roti.j ^
\H2H
cm; 13
(-.74
40('.
9
41.'.
220' 'J
IMI".)
r.i.'fj ui
f>r,<.)
.',.)
, ,
50
147
7
1 .'S3
2W4
I
2**M
48(1
10
490
11)3
fi
ir,9 3
IS.'U)
r>Ky M
CO.'i
r.o
.1
r.3
201
C
207
IHO
IKI
431
10
411
l.-.M
4
it;2 1
l«31
f.y.'! 'J 7
r,]'j 2{
2
2f.
2.'-.:<
20
273
31.'.
3:;(i
4H9
17
.'•.or,
103
10
113i 4
1 KVJ
•icr iii
473 'ja
2
2:)
22.'>
."i
230
213
**
2IM
377
10
387
84
2
hi; .',
1H3:(
4:;?' 11
i:.i 33
, ,
33
172
12
1S4
232
2 ; 234
340
9
349
9T
.I
102, 4
1 s:i 1
407 1(1
-I'J3 L'4
, ,
24
132
10
142
2.-.1
f. 2. -.7
332
11
343
7r.
:.
80, 1;
iH.'t:.
•liii; 18
r.N 12
, ,
12
1 i;f,
*i
172
31H
12 330
31*4
14
40H
102
4
IOC, 1
ih;j(;
721 1 19
1
740
45
••
4.1
•2H'J
:,
2U4
'"
'^
401
C.Ul
14
f.l.',
120
.'•.
12,'. 1(1
1
The ponls srtni to l.c will ninnnftcd ; wherever the
liiialitii's will admit, the (U-btors are .separated from
tlic filons ; the cost tor enili |irisoMcr is about tid. per
diem; the avrrnge of bard labour is nine hours per
diem, rej^ulatid accordiiij; to the season. In Ceplia-
loiiia those who work at the baud corn mills receive
half o( their earnings, the gaoler one quarter, and the
remainiicr is paid into the iiolici; chest. The prisoners
arc supplii'd with coarse ilotbinK.
X. The civil government is now composed of n le-
gislative asscmlily ; of a senate; and of a judicial
authority. The I.misltilin' .Ifsrinbly consists of forty
members, including the president : of the forty,
rlrvcn are intigral mend.ers, and twenty-nine el'?ete(l
from the various islands in the following proportion :
Corfu, seven; (,'iphalonia, seven; '/ante, seven;
Santa Maura, four ; Ithaca, (.ne; Cerigo, one; Paxo.
one. Each of the three hist in the rotati(.ii in wl.ich
they stand ^exclusive of that island whose regent be-
comes an integral nuiiiber of the legislative assembly)
elects a second. The lurmbers are elected (on a
double list formed by a majority of the votes of the
primary council) out of the body of the syndita of
each island. [Chap. iii. Art. 8. Constitutional Char-
ter, Appendix.]
Tlie elections, and all civil appointments, are valid
for five years ; and the session of the parliament of
the states is held every two years.
The votes are vird voce, and the sittings open ; ten
members, and the president, or vice president, consti-
tute a legal meeting; and conferences with the senate,
&c. are managed by the eleven integral members of the
a.sseml)ly, who form, with their president, the i)rimary
council. These eleven integral members in the case
of parliament dying a natural death (that is, having
run its full course of five years), consist of the pre-
sident and five members of the old senate ; the four
regents of the great island during the late parliament;
and of one of the regents of the smaller islands ; but
in case of a dissolution, instead of the regents, the
lord high commissioner names five members of the
late legislative assembly.
The Snuilf, which forms the executive power, is
composed of six, viz. five, and a i.resident, entitled
" His Highness ;" while the senators are styled the
" Most Illustrious " (Prcstantissima) ; the senators
are elected out of the body of the legislative assembly
in the following proportion, viz. (-'orfu, one; Ccpha-
lonin, one ; Zante, one ; Santa Maura, one ; Ithaca,
Cerigo and Paxo, one. The power of placing a
member of the assembly in noiniiuUiou for a senator
rests with the president, on an hpplii'ntion beiiij;
made to him in writing, signed by four niembirsof
thr.t bo<ly and himself, demanding such nomiiiatiuii;
and the president shall place In nominatinn niiv jut-
son when eight members make a demand ; the eke.
tion tiihes place three days at furthest alter the iv.vvX-
iiig of the assembly, and is decided by the iiinjiirit\
of votes, the president casting in case of an etpmlit).
The sanction of the lord high commissioner is ihcc>-
sary to the validity of the election. The vacaiitlis
thus caused by the election of five members of tlu
assembly to the senatorship are tilled up by thi'trniis-
missioin ol double lists of names from the |)rininry
council to the syndita o!" each inland. The srnate
remain in otlice live years ; his highness, the picsj.
dent, half that period, eligible however to be re-a|i-
poinied by the lord high commissioner. The siiinti'
•lanies its own ministeiinl ollicers, with several ex-
ceptions, and it has the power of nominating to all
situations under the j^infinl government ; the regents
to the dilferent local governments ; the judges in all
the islands ; and generally to all situations, except
merely municipal ones, with certain renovations.
During the recess ot porliainent the senate lias the
(lower of making regulations which have pro tem|iorc
the force of laws ; it has the power of origiiia'ini;
laws, as well as disallowing any passed by the Icgis-
lative assembly.
The lord high commissioner is ajipointed by the
colonial office, and is generally a military nlliccr;
His Excellency appoints in each island a resident, or
re])resentative, of the lord high commissioner, who is
a field oHker of the regiments on duty in the islands.
The regent, advocate, fiscal, secretary, and archivist
of each island, are apjiointcd by the senate, subject
to the approbation of the lord high commissioner.
The municipal administration of each island consists
of five members, independent of the president (who
is the regcni), appointed by the syndita of each
island ; out of the body of the said syndita, frimi
" lists" of names sent in to the rcgepthy the symlita
from these " lists ; " and from these ten, five are 1-
lected by the Regent to form the municipal bculy.
(See Ch. iv. Art. 9, Constitutional Charter.)
The (pialifications of the syndita, or " noble elec-
tors," I have not been able to ascertain with any ac-
curacy ; I understand that some votes arc hereditary,
but that pursuing any trade or business is a disquali-
fication.
To form a legal meeting one half of the syndita oi
each island must be present. For the other details ol
K)NIAN ISI,ANI)S.— GOVIIKNMKNT AND MILITARY.
dW
this uniqttP form of povorntnciit, I refer to the Charter.
Kor thi' ri's|iectivc powers of the assembly and «e-
imti', [Si'o Constitvitional Charter in the Appendix. J
The j'ldicinl authority in each island consists of
lliri'i' triliuimls. — a civil, a criminal, and a cotnnier-
clsl : and there is a court of appeal in each iHlnnd :
thi' jikIkis liiiiiR appointed by thi- seniitc, subject to
the iifiprovul of the lord liii;!) connnisfiioner. Inde-
poiidi'Mt of tbc'^e courts, there are in each islr.nd tri-
liiiiiiils lor tlie trial of minor criminal olliiices, and
for tl'.e adjudication of small civil suits ; these are
|iri'siiled over by justices ot the peace for the island,
aii|iiiinti(l by the recent of the same.
At the seat of government there is, in addition to
till" fi)r(i;oint; courts, a superior or lii(;h court of ap-
peal <lcnoininated " the Supreme Council of Justice,"
mill consisting of four ordinary members (judges) —
two Knplish and two Cireek, and two extraordinary
nieuiliers, viic. the lord high commissioner, and his
highness the jiresident of the senate. For the power
of the courts, see the Constitutional Charti'r. Trial
hy jury does not exist ; nor arc there any assessors
to aid the judges. No crimes but those ot murder
nnil high treason are |iuni-hnble with death, — which
intliction is now rarely sullt red.
The laws were partly Venetian, partly Greek ; — a
,.,.,i„ i,.,s now been (ligrsNil for the islands, and is
much needed, particularly as regards the law of en-
tail now abolished, and that singular enactment by
which a |)urchaser wiis compelled to restore a pro-
perty to a seller sevi'ial years alter the bargain, for
the same price at which it was vended, if the vender
tender the original sum ; a measure that of course
struck a blow at all improvement.
Militiirif Rstaldi.fhnirnl. — Article 1. The military
defence of the United States of the Ionian Islands
being placed in the hands of the protecting sovereign,
the sole regular nulitary establishment shall consist
of the forces of His Mtgesty.
Article \i. Independent of the regular troops of His
Majesty the protecting sovereign, there shall be
established in each island a corps of militia.
Article :?. The organization of the niilit'a of the
United States of the Ionian Islands shall be left to
the Commander-in-chief of the forces of the protect-
ing sovereign within the same, subject to the appro-
bation of the Senate, and of his Excellency the Lord
High Commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
Article 4. The general charge of preserving the
tranquillity of the country being immediately and di-
rectly connected with the military establishment, the
high police of the United States of the Ionian Islands
shall be placid under the direct management of his
Kxcellency the Lord High Commissioner of the pro-
tecting sovereign and His Majesty's Commander-in-
chief.
Article .'). No officer can be appointed to any corps
of the militia of the Ionian Islands who is not a na-
tiveboni subject of the same.
Article C>. His Majesty the protecting sovQreign
shall appoint inspectors and sub-inspectors of the
militia of the Ionian Islands, who shall be cither
British or Ionian officers.
Article 7. The corps of the militia of each island
shall be placed under the control of the inspectors or
sub-inspectors of the militia appointed by His Majesty
the protecting sovereign.
Article 8. The regular forces of His Majesty the
protecting sovereign shall, in all instances of civil suit,
he amenable to the laws of the land within the United
States of the Ionian Islands.
Article y. The regular forces of the protecting
sovereign in these states shall, in respect to criminal
jurisdiction, be alone subject to the martial law of His
Majesty,
Article 10. The militia within these stntcs is of
course subject to thi laws of the land; but when it
sbiill have been duly organi/ed anil c.<lled out, it shall
be amenable to the martial law of the proi ''ting jiowcr,
and liable by it alone, to be tried for criminal otlences.
Article II The regular established mimber of His
Majesty's troops for the garrison of these islands shall
be con:iidered as consistin,<; of .'),li()'() men ; but it shall
be competent to increase or diminisb that number,
as 11. M.'s Commander-in-chief may deem fitting.
Article 1"J. All expenses of (juartering the regular
forces of His Majesty the protecting sovereign, and,
generally speaking, all military expenses of any kind
to be incurred by these states, (as far us relates to the
;<, 0(10 men above named), shall be paid out uf the
general treasury of the same.
Aiiiilri .^ iDvl r. hilirffii dn'itt liritnin and ntijuia,
iVc, ifniicctins^ the loniin lsl(tnih, .iiu;nrii at Paris .O/A
Non-Ill hrr IHIH : —
In order to ensure without restrictrin to the inhn-
bitaiils of the United States of the Ionian Islands the
advantages resulting from the high pi iteetion under
wliicii these states are placed, as well as for the exer-
cise of the rights inherent in the >aid protection. His
Britannic Majesty shall have the right to occupy the
fori pi'sses and places of tiiose states, and to maintain
garrisons in the same. The military force of the
said United States shall also he under the orders of
the Commander-in-ihief of the troops of His Bri-
tannic Majesty.
His Hritannic Majesty consents, that a particular
Convention with the Government of the said I iiited
States shall regulate, according to the revenues of
these states, every thing which may relate to the
maintenance of the fortress already existing, as well
as to the subsistence and payment of the British gar-
risons, and to the number of men of which they shall
be composed in time of peace. The san\e Convention
shall likewise fix the relations which arc to exist be-
tween the said armed force and the Ionian Govern-
ment.
The military force of the British army in the islands
is about .■i,:iOO men.
There are six barracks for the garrison at Corfu,
viz. one in the citadel, one at Fort Raymond, one at
Fort Neuf, and another for a small detachment at
Vido Island. The barrack in the citadel is a very
good stone building of four stories, including the
basement story, situated at the foot of the rock on
which the citadel is built, and open to the north.
Ditslribution of the troops in the Ionian Inlands : —
Corfu, Royal Artillery, rank and file, 127 ; do. Kiigi-
neers, ;i ; 10th regt., 3.5; 11th do., 22; .'ilst do.,
414; 88th do., 447; 'J.'ith do., 24; 2d Battalion
Rifle Brigade, 4.')2 ; total, 1,.')24. Vido, Royal Engi-
neers, 54 ; 10th regt., 440; .'ilst do., 14; 88th do.,
I; 2d Battalion Ritie Brigade, 13 do.; total, .')22.
Paxo, Royal Engineers, I ; 10th regt., 1 ; 95th do.,
20 ; 2d Battalion Rifle Brigade, 1 ; total, 23. Santa
Maura, Royal Artillery, 19; 11th regt., lOfi; total,
125. Cefalonia, Royal Artillery, 13; llthregt., 1;
95th do, 353; total, 3fi7. Zante, Royal Artillery,
2fi ; 1 1th regt., 278 ; total, 304. Ithaca and Cala-
mos. Royal Artillery, 5; 11th regt., 45; total, 50.
Cerigo, Royal Artillery, 4; 95th regt., fi3 ; total,
67. Grand total, 2,982.
I
S
U
^'
ft9S
!:^.i'
n p-
XI. CnmparBtlve ycHrljr itAtrnient of the Hovonuc* auil
Expi'iiUUure of the luiilaii Idaiiiln. [II. U.J
llriTHiie:
Ciutnmit ....
Trunslt iliify
K<(|inrtK.
Duty nil (ill . ,
Du. on ciirrikiitii . ,
liii|iortii.
I>n. nil wliii'^ uiul Rplrltl
1)11. Oil tnhiicco . .
I)ii. OD rattlu . ,
StlU1l|l (IlliicH • . .
I'ort diitli'S
MiiiilclpnI.
I'lililic imiiiii|i(illvR .
Iti'iils 111 iTiiMli; inopiTty
l.dcal rntis (or roads Kr,
All ntlior rvrilpts iiicliid.
intr li('i'ii«i'H .
Siiriilim rcrciptii for iia-
iiitK and post olllcc
tiirlffi .
Mem pollrc Idcin. .
.SiKniimi:;!' nil new ninall
ciiricncy
IIoikIIiii; and warcliuuS'
liiC diitloii
Incidental
IONIAN ISLANDS.-FINANCE.
Hftiiiiitiiliiliim i)f Ihi- Ritnldithmrnl in lS3r,. [n.n.]
Civil i'»f«l)li»limci>t, 4'J,.'i.'tO'. ; contlnRciit cxiuihIi-
turt", h;i7/. ; judiriul i'»tal)li»liiiu'nt, 2i'>,'.UU'il,; cimtm.
Rint ixpcnilitiiri-, 7,t'iJ7'. ; I'celesiaiiticul t»tnlili^li.
iiiciit, J.Utl/. ; iinitiin;tMit iA|)f!iilitiire, M/, ; iiiImu-
lant'ouit i-.xiitiiditun', xJiMI. ; p(.'ii»ioii», '.(57/. ; totui,
P^xpcndltiirc jif tlio diirirciit dcpartmcntii of
liuvi'i'iiiiH'iit ill Ih3Ci.
Total
Jt'.
In:i:i.
IHIIt.
IHIIS.
1H3A.
IH37.
.A.
iKilci;
Mil
duo
4t.
M-UD
SIM
3H7H3
AS4
<£'.
:i7i.M
:i;tmu
ll'JDill
u:i(l7H
si:l(iii
3fltil(A
3I7IU
4KH
4:i;<u
iJD;
2!i<i:i
■jiiiiii
73(1
■not
:illNi
2007
'ti>7l)
HIS
3HHI
3241)
2S22
I55(l|)
■J3till
UHl
hfli;
iiihiii
7:ij(l
IHOHII
47r(i
ii.iii 1
1I7S'J
31)22
IHD'.'I
nuHii
AII.1
4.<fl4
47ll(i
44H(1
iii-Jll
S'iflll
ri;i7:t
'"ill
Mill
a-ia
3709
232
i:mi
n
ls:iH
«!)3
WW 117
1423
IU7H
IK4il(lH
i(ii:.i!)
I9'I7UI
swiso
IHUU
SHIS!)
•Mr2\)
.'5;i7Ui
V3:lHi
50477
2(J3Ut)
fill!
."lu:.
017-'
2407
772I)
24111
85UI
Sfild
•J()ri:i
1 UUH'i
.ifio:!
I1MHI7
U33b
llflS
-IHIII)
6Mi
HO Ml
7007
151(73
7047
2,-5;
3J(IU
3058
9024
3643
9380
]|
S303
24!)3
lUI^'U
0192
5027
13ii:i(i
63H7
979:.
I-.MIOO
8fi83
1085!)
HiySJI
!m(iS
32353
450S2
1SH98U
I5S5I7
17l«7«
2ly544
Fxiii'iidiliirf :
Civil i'stal)ll«linuMit .
Judicial estalilblimont
Kccleslastical esttaklUli
inrnt
Kdiication . .
It I'lits of public otilces mill
civil (jiiartcrs
Piililic wurkH .
Miitilla . . . .
Contingencies nf execu-
tive police and courts
ofJuHtice
ContiniiencieH of colUc
tloii of the revenne, ill-
cliidiii); pincliiiKe ot
stock for monopolies,
and paper for stiinips
Continiteneies ol (general
local (iovernmeiit
Miinieipul.
Pnblic liiiildiiii;s and sa-
lines , . . .
Roiids, mules &c.
SuUiries . . . .
Contiiitrciicies including
hospitals and charities
Aliscelluiic'ons . .
Military protection .
Total . . £.
Revenue in 182", 139,094/. 1 1828, 180,670/. j IH29. I4!),502/. j
1H30, I58,0()W. i 1831, 141, H4(if. ; 18:12, l(iJ,Sl()/. ;
Expenditure iu 1827, 177,7113/. ; 1H28, 171,!)70/. ; 182!),
157,!)ll/.i 1830, 157, !)24/. i 1831,147,470/.)
1832, I52,U87/.
• Canteen rents for the financial year ending 31.<it Jan.
1837. Corfu 4,079/. J Cephalonia, 421/. i Zante, 521/. ; Sta.
Maura, 247/.; Ithaca, 57/.; Ceri|,'o, 57/. ; I'axo, 11/.; pio-
cceds of wine confiscated, '21. ; total, 5,31)9/. Wine allow
ance to the army in aid of the expense of the regimental
inesse!.'. at 25/. pe' ::o.iipany : Koyal Artillery, 75/. ; ilo. Kn-
Bincers, 37/. ) medical depurtmcnt, 5/.; lotli regt. ol foot,
150/. ; 11th do., 150/. ; 42d do., 75/. ; 53d do., 72/. ; tiolli do.,
til)/.; 73d do., 112/. ; 88th do., 87/.; liillc Drigude, 150/. ; sii-
perlnteiidant of canteens, 2<>/. ; paiil into the treasury for
account aiiiieductlnrepuyinentol lialaiiceof loan ot 10,000/.
formerly advanced from the grant for fortifications, and re-
placed to that account in the year 1834, 1,110/. ; halanee paid
into the treasury on deposit for repairs of aqueduct in pro-
gress, 3,283/. ) total, 5,39!)/.
?2 t
1
a
c. ■
Ordinary and I'lxcd expense of the
Departments of Government.
itinge
ccidei
xpens
*'■ 'i'
5 <w
^
H
f
£
i'
CiiiiTul (loveiiiincnt . .
L'.i.'iCii;
(•.213
Mmj
.
r Corfu . . . .
l.-iiif.
ll.M
\f'i(,i
Ciphiiloniii . .
l'J77l
7»l
la.-.iM
Local
emmci
/auto . . . .
llL'HH
8.-51
I2i;t!)
.Sniit". Maura
.''lit'Jtl
104
<'i(i'.ti
Itliacn . . .
'J'J'--
;n
2',i.':i
Ccrii;o . . .
2HL'I
(i.T
•JH.Ml
«
I'uxo ....
272'^
IH'J
2'Jll
Contingencies of Kxcciitivc
I'dliee iiiid Courts of
Justic
e
7''.lfi
7<*i.i(;
Total . . .
7111 '111
1702c.
'JC.J2'*.
Ciuumhmtnnt Drjiiirtmcnt. [D.H. \H'M].] — Sup-
plies of provisions, forage, fuel nnd lif;lit, 2I,I.V,'/, ;
oKlinaiies, ,')0,22.'i/. ; ordiiniKu dcpartiiuiit, C,'.l ;'.'!. ;
imprests to public (li'partineiits, (i, ;',:',('>/, ; payot ixtra
stall', l,2:i(i/. ; coiniiiis.'^nriat pay, stnH' i)ny, pensions
&c., :C'Jt.; army contiiigmcir.s, HHt.; niiscelliininiis
purchases, l,.-)7'.)/. ; total, <J2,437/. Dciluct rerciveil
lor stoppages for rations, stull'and ordnance, 2,;i-l'J/.;
receipts lor sri'vices iiayabie in Knu'iand, H7 W. ; im-
prests repayable in F.ngland, (■|,33(i/. ; total, 'J,.'..'!?/.;
leaving a total of is2,8hO/.
Tlic proceeds of bills drawn by the Commissariat
on I lis Majesty's treasury, for the pay and allowinais
of the troops during the year IhSCi, amounted to
r)'J,4iJ2/.
Civil Pension Fund established by Act 34 of tiie
third I'ailiaiiH'tit, dated 25th Moy, IH30, providin;;
for rctiicincnt pensions to be granted to pulilic civil
functionaries : —
lUceipts. — Balance on 3 1st January 1h3i'i, includ-
ing credits for loans, 3.'i,023/. ; per eentage on sala-
ries, sto|)i>ages of first month salaries of new appoint-
ments and of one third of salaries during hnvi^ of ab-
sence, salaries in abeyance, and interest of loans made
during the year, .'•/,40H/. ; total, 40,43 U.
Payments — Giatuitics to persons performing duty
for absentees, pensions and restitution of over-ixac-
tions during the year, l,lo(;/; balance on 31st Jan.
1K37, including credit fur loans, 311,274/,; total,
40,431/.
Public works under the control of the Ordnanre De-
jiiirtnii'iil. — Kstimated expense : new works of defence
in the island of Vido (constructing), .Om.OOO/. ; forti-
fications of Corfu (under repair), ,')2,0.'')0/.; new re-
doubt on Salvador Heights (not yet commenced),
2,'>,000/. ; cascmated barracks for 1,000 men (not yet
commenced), 30,000/. ; bomb proof hospital, citadel
(fomplefrd for
ziiies (rnn^triK
which nmouiit
|H0,7H|/. In ix
XII. IMI'OI
I Tons.
HJH l.')42l.'.
l-.UI 10'.)723
IH31 •jH.'syl
|h;I2 I2.'.H73
b:i3 I307!»7
islll I 10734
is:i.'i 122770
It^UO 13(;040
2^
2^
F.XPOIITS
iH.'.s 1,'-.17'.I!I
hj;) i.|Klx7
|s:i() 1144(;3
I Hi) I l(l()M3H
iH.iJ I2H.'»II
I Hit.) 137013
Is.M MHH.'.Ci
IHIi:'. 1210,57
20'J
232
22.5
2.'t(l
2lH
211
2;)0
270
1836 13.52614 234
\m. Amount oj
—The only coinagi
the amount of 1 1,(
shillings, 1,000/.;
Clipper one-tenth |
The general eire
nish. South Ame
scription of coins
pie produce, tx|)
•J7.),()0()/. sterling :
u considerable ca|
the Levant trade ;
Mstcnce of the ti
|iay for the artick
the States from t
amount of about \;
tity of bread corn |
one-fourth only of
Since June 1825
li.'),00O/. sterling, h
thrown into circuli
sify of public duti
balances in the res
of British silver n
nut e.vceed 20,00(
withdrawn from c
money 75,000/. stc
by regiments rctui
articles imported b
sinnally for payrnei
C«/h,?.— [B. B.
subdivision of coil
weight in grains
turitr, 3/. Gs. Brifis
^^panish pillared do
IONIAN ISLANDS.— COMMKIICK, MONKTAUY SYSTKM
.'.99
W 3
r
i.
3
SlKO'J
I
MVir.i
4
13. Ms
I
llil.'l!)
)4
Cid'.i 1
11
2',(.":t
i3
'.'HhI
i\)
li'.ili
\r,
'CAC
>c,
yfiii^irt
■<llp.
■<:^t", iiicUid-
i,'i> on sala-
L'w apiioiiit-
nniiig duty
ovcr-i'xac.
31 St Jan.
1/. ; total,
ihuiniy Dc-
s of (kfence
00/. ; I'orti-
new rc-
imiiicnced),
I'll (not yet
lital, citadel
(fomplftcd for 17,053/.), l:,i,000/. ; cxpeim', niiigii-
zjnrs (coimtruciinK), .'.,000/.; totnl, |m2,0.'>(W., (tf
whit'h niiuiiint tlu<ro Iii\h bci'ii nlrcndy cxpriidcd
100,784/. In IM3('. 4.'>,032/. paid by Colony.
Ily Ktipiilntioii the Ionian (iovrrnmrnt contrihuto
to tlic mililiiry rhott 3r.,;noo/. per ntiniiin, in I'lillll-
nirnt of Hie nl.iientions imipttscd l.y ilii' treaty of I'arls
tor ntilitary prd' <'ii i.
XII. IMrORTS OF THK IONIAN ISLANDS fTonnnKi- nnd Vniui in P<vund» Sterling). [H. H.]
12 9
i
1
1
■i
" s
4~t
■c
9
3 1
> -«
»
<
tf ,
1 Ton».
Ton«.
TOMH.
Tons. '
|nj« I.M2I.'.
2H03M
7r.i2'j
3742
1M.".» |:i3.'>,'.0
•2:>y.\\
40127
IIW
l«:i(( loy7'.i3
24073
37122
7736j
1h;u oxyjl
'.';,' 101
2H3.'. 1
I2027I
\HX2 12.'.H73
211)04
'lyo'il
IOH7.'v
1k:!3 I307'.»7
2,''.'.Mr404r,3
CiHHr,
iM.tl 140734
•J927.'i :>{yjH:i
5o(iy
|H;t.-, l:i2770
L>H.')22|37703
63.'. li
MC 13r,040
1
22C.0('.
30'J23i
10H14
French.
I
Tons.
Tons.
9121;
2C,907
3389
3079H
2321
14719
HHl
«'>Rr>3
1 3.') 3
f.lf.4
.llf.
rt7fi4
4K73
lft«l7
.'■.79
21117
84.''.A
11901
Tons.
9710
('>r.2i
(•■307
3442
2129
2313
127H
21C.3
1 244
Tons.
131341
1211ft'
3 (',32
2903
.'.O.^.H
932
803.'.
1('.33
r.330
Tons
24.-.9 '
IIC.H
2741
2119
27«0
29HH
4.'.97
3430
3. '■.(■..'■. 4
Tons.
13.'.4r.
13182
ir.2l8
ifirui.'.
24212
3 .•>.'■. 70
31380
33C.09
480fJ3i
otben.
1
M 3
•^
•qS
<
Tons.
H
(2>
Tons.
i.
3T4r.
3397.'.2
Mr.i8io
3299
27.'.97H
r..'. 143(1
2048
22C.240
,'.90913
9.'. 8
194877
,'.107. '.3
2174
2407 ir,
,'..')8<.I0»
1709
2". 1909
.•.<;3(; 1 1
1703
299044
'■.09977
2.''.3f.
2f.0413
('.30422
2460
2738.'.3
7 (■.38 73
EXPORTS OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS (Tonnage and Viiiuc in Pounds Sterling). [11. II.]
ixi';i
i-:;o
hill
[K\2
iH3:i
ih;m
isar.
IH3C
1.'.1799
1IHIH7
llllCi3
lOOH.'tH
1 28.'. 11
137013
1488.'.(;
124r.,'.7
2f,934
77003
3738
8208
2('>709
99. '.0
13114
2011
I2OSIJ
3001
33.'.810
23244
JI8.-.7
119.'.
29.-. 1
300('.'J
(•.94:1
11997
1194
1 2083
3730
2873,')0
22.^37
.(Ch:,!
7219
2.'. 14
l.^.^O.'.
.'.973
4073
202'J
17022
24.-.8
231241
230MI
303(;i
12073
8«0
G784
33Ci9
3030
2190
10100
1097
19987.'i
218H9
38(;4f»
12833
13.'>9
.'.9(;9
2.'>(i8
.'.039
18.'.3
24010
1277
244.-.4f<
24449
39(178
(lO.VJ
4.'.1
.'.4 1 9
197:.
llHH
3O0O
34083
2 1 02
2.'..')H32
29028
492<"i.-.
4811
4902
14.-.84
13f.0
7908
4492
29.'.92
1498
2903H(;
27070
38940
oir.i
772
20113
2102
1871
3407
34484
2401
202102
2347.')*
307 14i
9172
84.'.4
12437i
1238
.'.4,'.2
3138^
47880
2500
27241.'.
Km. Amount of Coin in Circulat'tun. — [15.11. 1830.]
—The (.nly coinHRO in the States is a siiinll cuneni-y to
the amount of 1 1 ,000/. sterling ; viz. — Silver ciuartcr-
ihiiliiigs, 1,000/.; coupon (lunrter-pencc, 6,000/.;
copper one-tenth pence, 4,000/.
The Keneral circulating medium is in dollars, Spa-
nish, South American and Austrian, in which de-
scription of coins mostly, the States receive for sta-
ple produce, (Xi)orted to the amount of about
•JT.i.OOO/. sterling annually, exclusive of returns from
a considerable capital employed by ship-owners in
the Levant trade ; ren.ittances received for the sub-
sistence of the troops, &c., and in Spanish (U. liars
pay for the article bread corn alone, imported into
the States from the lUack Sea and in Italy, to the
nmonnt of about 170,000/. st. per annum. The quan-
tity of bread corn grown in the islands being ecjual to
oiie-fourtli only of theconsvniiption.
Since June 182.'., llritish silver to the amount of
(•.'..OOO/. sterling, has been received from England and
thrown into circulation ; but judging for the neces-
sity of public duties and rents, and recent state of
balances in the respective treasuries, the total amount
of British silver now remaining in the States, does
not exceed 20,000/. sterling ; and there has been
withdrawn from circulation of this description of
money 7.'i,0(l0/. sterling for remittances to Malta, Jic.
by regiments returning to England, for payment of
articles imported by British trading vessels, and occa-
sionally for i.ayments of produce of the Morea.
Cuius.— [Vi. B. 1830.]— Gold, Spanish doubloons,
subdivision of coins in circulation, i, i, i ; Gross
weight in grains troy, 4164; ''"''^ established j.cr
tariff, 3/. da. British currency, alloy percent. 2-3ds.
Spanish pillared dollars, {,\, \, l-16th ; Gross weight
134108
j!7O.'>0'j
118717
248().-iH
;U248M
.'.'.0009
•.O.'.O.'.l
149483
147970
in grains froy, II0.\ ; alloy per cent. 9:,' ; rate esta-
blished per tarilf, l.v. \d. Mexican, Bolivian, Peru-
vian, Chilian, and Rio lie la Plata dollars, rate es-
tablished per tarilV, 4<. 4ii. Imperial Austrian dol-
lars, subdivision of coins in circulation, .^ ; rate esta-
blished per taritr. Is. 2'/. Venetian, St. Mark dollars,
subdivision of coins in circulation, .i, \, i ; gross
weight in grains troy, 432; alloy per cent. lOJ; rate
established per tarill", I,*. 2i/. Ionian currency, pieces
of (rate established per tarifl'), 3'/. Copper Ionian
currency, pieces of (r.ito established per tariff),
1-lOth. There was n(. paper money in lH;iO.
The following rates of exchange may be (pioted as
nearly stationary lor some months past at Corfu : —
London, .'.1 I -4th ).cr dollar, at Xs. Ad. ; Trieste,
2 l-8th florins, l.v. li/. ; Venice, 1-Oth lire of Aus-
tria, 4s. 4(/. ; Ancona, 1 scud(., 4.v. 4./. ; Naples, 128
grains, As. \d. Government bills if paid for in British
currency, at the rate of 100/. for lOU. 10s. currency,
when ncgociated for dollars at ( ) per
dollar.
Wi'i2:hts (IS extahli.slit'il hi/ Act of I'arUit mint, dated
24th Mitij 1828.— [B. B. 1830.] The British impe-
rial troy pound of .".,700 grains, to be tlie only stand-
ard of weight; 24 of such grains to be a" calco ;"
20" Caldie," an ounce; and 12 ounces a " Libbra
sottile," or pound light weight for precious metals
and drugs ; and 7,000 of such grains a " Libbra
Grossa" or " Pound great weight," eipial to the Eng-
lish pound avoirdupois, with the parts and multiple of
16 drams an ounce, 16 ounces a pound, and 100 lbs.
a Talanto.
Measures, as estalUished hy Art of Parliament, dated
2-ith May, 1828. — The British imperial standard yard
to be the only standard measure of extension ; one-
'I
M. ;i
f \
M
i»
(i
8", ^
'it
H; 'ill
L^-
c ■^
f.OO IONIAN ISLANDS.— 8TAI'II<
third of the said yard, n foot ; (inc-twelfth of the siiid !
foot, i»n inch ; five ntid n hiilf such yards, a cnrimcu ; I
1!2() siicli ynrds, a stndio ; uiid 1 ,7(iO such yards, a niilo.
The Hritihh iiiipcriai gallon to he the oidy standan* |
measure of capacity; flii' Chilo measure for grail) to |
roiitnin 8 of such galk)iis, or Ij-I (hcotnli; and the
Ionian harrcl to contain If) ^ullons, or ll'H dicotoli.
Public WorkD of Die li<nl»ri l«tnii(|s, tliidrrtakcii or in
l>ro({-i'Hs (liirlnt; IKart.
Nature of Work,
wlii-rc Silunteil,
and
whether Coiislruelliig:,
or
uiiiler Repair,
t'lir/it.
I.afin Cemetery, oonstriirlliiir*
IVilestitl for the iitatiitMil Sir K.
\ilair, ilittii.
Mnnlripnl and Kioleslaitleal
lliilUliiiits, coiistniotini; ami
repiiirliii;.
PriHoiiH, 'rrihiiiwils, I'tililic (Irti.
eoH not iiiiuiii'ipal, repaiist,
ItoaUit, ditto
('•'/ihtilonid.
Mole at I.ixiirl, ei)ii-fnutiiiBt
Miiiileipal ami K^l'll'sla^tu
lliiii.lliiicK, repairs
All other IMiblie lliiildiiik'K, ditto
Koaiin, ditto
y.aiilr.
Miuileipul and Keelf.iastieal
lliilhliiiKK, repair''.
Another l>iihliellnil(liiif;s, ditto
Koads, ditto
Snutit .Viiiini.
Saline", repiiirs
Miitili'ipnl and KeetoinBtieal
Itiiildinus. ditto.
All other I'niilie llnildlnKS, ditto
llondK, ditto
Itliacii.
I'lihlie Iliiililiii(;s, repairs
Kotidh, ditto
i Vii'ifo.
Piildie liiiildinK", repairs .
Kouds, ditto
t'lUII.
Cisterns, roiiHtritetlne a'l'l re
palriiiic.
I.ur.i'.ari tto, ronKtriictini;
I'uhlic iiiiddiiii;^, Ke. repairs
Kuads, ditto
* All thejc were exeented under the authority of the
loiiluii (iovrrimrs,
t iixcess kiipplicd by voluntary contrihiitioiis.
n
c
c9
O
3
O
X
PHODUCTS.
[ ■|''<>l'n<1 ii"1 '^'WR I
*l|iini| J.nl '^'iM,
•III J.id 'xni I I
j -qi jJd 'Hiiim 1 I
S •pviimi .i.t4i 'i>»\\\
£ j •(.iiimi j.>d 'i!u
*M i
s
g •«<i| omil
'~ j.mI 'sihinii:)
c
,2 -5
.a w
*» 3
|'|.ii|s'n(| j.id '>i|i!(i
i_
■l|>lli| J.nl 'A. 1(111)1
'iini.) ni'.ipiil
'|.ii|>iii| i,id
_'m.>i|,w
■ii|.tq«ni| 'nils
■s|.iit«nq ';>i|n,|
•MI 'xn|..|
•sqi 'iioiio.)
■«|.11JI!I| '.iiil.tt
•»|*iinq 'no
■«'- =
. •" n
. 1-1 a
•a »
ti .a.
M 2:
■<> » o ^
V* — yi .
•W =
«r c c "cj"o
« 30 <>> e »»
-r .r. X — N
r) 01 — »* '"
f ^ f -r -r
OD » »
to N » w
9* f* 9* n
N 7* O 1* '
> 5 .- to «
1 — -r u »i
. -N o fi -^
n = c
Tt •-> —
r r. t^
- — n
si M 5
lO -f X >4 %} s
'kill '>|iiriui,i
■ii|.>i|«nq 'aiRO
■S|.ii|4ni| *a.i|jk;|
'II III.) Ill!|pll|
■ii|M|iinq 'iiuq.w
.1;
-I
"f '1 W OB O O
^- !0 e 9 3 f^ .
mm m* m, ,f, '5 Irt .
i
'O — t C _ -
'■a ^ tym LI ^ ml
■* S » " S
s-'as'
J i? i • i
- » s "5.-/1
e i •• J J 1. «
I'mdlicc, titnck, &C. of the Ionian Islands in IK.'lil rontinimL
Nature of Crop,
anil Nn
. of Acres n
1
1
r Land in
each Crop.
t
isi.,tNn.
"S«
1
"Si
S-Sfr
,
^
•«s '
|ui
o
a
ir ^
Si
>
1 i
HII7!).) UN
s
u.
017
1
l.1lfi
ao77.'i
1 a
PI ■"•
H
.IIC^IIIH
;,iiHiM
Cm I'll
ai.i.'t
i7H,iaHi>tn
iH.'iiMin
Crphaliinla
y.iH
3MA4 sail
PlU'i
;i!ts.'i
IIH.14 f.Vi
•iM
(4 .'lit
4.VI
3.i:iKU
|h|l7H0
Xante
7|ha
Wklj 41»-i
dttii
hi; lid
IJIiUII 377
131
01
1474
i.'.!i;i
.'.IHliU
.St. Miinia ..
17-21
.llt7H, 5.|J
H
IVII.I
mn 101
Pit
3.1.i
.i;i,-,o
rii'iii
U74:HI
filial a
7.1
340
13
100
•ii'i
7.'((l V
ri
IIH
livm
17-^'
31.17
».eil|{o ....
.|.VI
N4(jll
, ,
ft 1.1
i:Hk) 91
too
ltM3
.liwa
1-21.10
01 DM
I'axu
31
^
■•
Moon
40U ..
i
••
■■
••
rjoni
SjjO
ll'JOO!)
Tiifal ..
101.17
37137
S4!n
IS74n
•21113.11)
llOIVi 1014
iJifl
W):h)
44INIII
No. of Slork.
41110
21f20
:'33n
•i Wi
70.1
1010
•ilNI
141X11
X
-i;i.1l
I3;n
IVill
-2111
iw
3110
nil
•ii7im
|li.MI
-iiipiij
HiUW
l.ll.Ki
N«;.t
I.MMIII
-.'iiol'i
ll.'ll
ilVM
III!
'«lill
IU.>4«
■li
10300 o.MJsn orW"
rOMAN ISLANDS.— ST.M'I.K I'RODIKTS.
Cdl
« n
c a e
rt c ?i
1 ti rt
•1ST'
:a£ :
Pi:li
S'i 2 r 1 ^
•* f s -
' ^ I i I I ^
J ^ i --^ 3<
Nature of Crop, and Number of Acres in
eaeii Crop, in
ull the lonini) Lsinnds, since IhlN.
1
Indian Com,
liarlcy, &.C.
o
e
D
o
o
o
a
o
*-*
CO
o
'/J
Cm
i
1
Total Number
of Acres in
Crop.
Number of
Acres of
Uncultivated
Land.
IHUS..
1 1 1 r,2
L'lTHJ 1 17.'.
i:i(mi(VI(m:.'.';i
•I'.Mici;
CiTs
'.i:i.'i
L'7 ■-'.■■.
7770 J()7Hlo
•J9-'7:.:i
IHiV..
lo'.pvr.
•J.'tlJX 'J.'IJ'I
\:\f*2\ ;i;m'.i;o
•l.-i7HJ
'.M(l
N();t
;i:!07
lo:ioi; J0J710
l'.i'.i:t 10
in:u>..
lOIC.i
2Ih-J'.»!l'TIIH
i;uoi iii.'>7f",
I'.iCim
ii:it
'.I-' 7
•J'JlM
li:.ir.ji7".c.;i
IS I", II
1 s;< 1 . .
:»:»r>j
■IlT)'.*'"" 'J'CfH
l2.H7U(il»7-'-<
■I»',;m;m
If.H!)
."lO.iO
:»7(i:.
lH;t7H 2:t,'>HH-_'
IliC, !'.(■<
ISllL'..
\V.\H-J
.■!H70'J '.('.»;tr>
(•JM(;7 iic-^js
lli:.i
>.)')i;
•.'(t:>;«
:!'.is:«
Mo-.'.M JM1C.7
i:.7;)i:i
ikm:«..
1 KIIIL'
:t(;;i;{'j'j(i.i;)
1L'X7(I I1C,7J;;
ii;ii)2
'.)S1 ll'ij.l
.•i'.t.".:.
2:i(;7Ci -JHHi Id
■ICill'.ilU
is;i.|..
1, •'»•,(».■.
.•?;iiir.iii7''
iL'Hso I ii;(;:i7
ii;.sw(;
io:i.". ic.d'.i
;>'.»(;.'
.T|;MI l'IUOlM
iii7'.i:<
Ifi,'!.-...
i.'>NL':.
:usi)7|r.i-.(i
iL's77 iir,(;;.7
HllO'.l
io7;t i7;ts
IS7:;
JIJ7 1 L".ll''HOK
iijon;
iHac;..
if.i:<7
;i7i;«7
:>\'.)-2
1.-p7I()
i>i',);j;ii)
ii'ji.-.i
loll
i:U(i
i.s;i(!
1I'.H',|I
l;.'oi:.l
■JJJOO'J
IK'Hcrljition mill <)iiantlly of I'riiiliire anil .stuck in Hit- Imiian hliiniH, ^illCe H-iS.— [II. It.]
I'riid
ncc.
No. of Live .Stock.
YcarA.
5 1 T
= > '■ 1 ■?
-> S'x S
s •Z.o ja
i-^-ii'ii' II. wi
a
■■J
I,!!;!.'!.".;!!
lis
2
in
A.
!i:in7i
1 vj-ir,
1
i
X
■Si
X-'
l'!i;ii-.'
fc
.a
liHiliDIl
1
i*ih..
I!Iii:iim;'2Iiii>'js
•JIWIl
ijir' 11)1)71
SUM
IMJ!»..
'lll:tl
lli/!l|i 'illlil>'>
i; 1711X11(1
viiii.i -iii7;i;iN
:i'.«i'iv! (iujiiii |:i;l!i
•Ih.Cid' 1711!).%
|ll!l|s
11.17'i''
7 IKo:i
|H3(). .
l.laWI l!N-2iH •i-«till
iKiiii:ii;is
i;t.'..'ii7 WMiii
VII.IIUi Hl.sVO: ItiHil
I!)7i:>li: ll>l)7l)
|I)7|M)
loaiiiii
lli)7iiM
Ih:ii..
1.1 i;w VMMT\ -r'-'MiimitiMi;
. . 'iSli?!!!!
:i.'ii!i| l.iri.'.iii •ifi-M
..
li):t.)i)
1 111)1 )(l
11)11711
7:m7
IS3-2..
.'•!KNi<t liiisi.ti iw:tM.'>:-ri77ii.'>.i(i
I7II7V7 .'IIIMii'j
:ill7v ll.'iiljii 'iiifw
ni(!i)7
IVI.W
II 70 III
H'iass
1h:i;i. .
.til?!).' Ill.'iltill V-i.'l.'i7' iNH.'I'^niKI
IHNIM'/ ■270l.'il
ai>i'i'iii7.'i!)il ,11)1 II)
'I Ili7.l
1011)11
'.).'> 1 Itl
7. -.1)11
ls;ti.
•v.wTit i;;iii'i.'i •i.i'.ui
1 11171 mil
i.'):i!i'2,i :iiii;8M
IM (.'il •n'iti IllS/li
II IM.I \:fiKt
•HUill
!)-ii)il'2
S7IIV(
ls;i.i..
7?7il,IM.ill(l, •niwi
i:> isiiii.'iii
711 iw -m\w»
i.v.'.'ic iiiiHiiiii; 'ji7iiii
1 1)1)1101), 1 |II.'!H
lil.Vil
lli'illM)
)>ni|(t
IHJII.
7(U'JU
IMilHIOi •U\\\!i
1
I7IWUIIIII
WilW
vim 17
;t7il)7
7iii;u
aj;i78
I7i):i,'ti)
IIIMI
loaiM'
il.'illAI)
DWS'itI
III the ishimis of Corfu luiil /.■iiite, soup to tlie
MiUie i)f aliout lL',000/. sterling is iniiile niiil cxpnileii
nniiDHlly ; nl.oo loiisi^kriibli' i|iiuiilitii's ii! e>)))iiiiim
eurtl'.i-nwiire. The other tDiiDiifaetiiri's of ti)i' states
are silk shiiwls, course linens, coai-se \voi)lh')i bhuikils,
iiiiil i;oiilli:iir earjiefs iinil saekiii;;.
.■I::ii(iillii:i' is yet exfriinel) nnle, ami the instni-
meiits of tilia';e uh primitive proliiibly lis in tlie time
of I'lysses. The olive i.s tlie prineipiil proiliiet.
The vine is );enei'ull\ phinteil in tin plains ami val-
liOH, mill corn on the ileelivities of the hills. The e\-
poit duties are uu oil iind curraiit.s \H per cent. ii</
I'lil. ; mid I 4 per cent. '/(/ I'lil. for repair of roads, Ike. ;
on wine, ('> do. ; on soap, x do. ; all other lulieles are
free.
[There is a Uesent at each island with .'too to 100/.
per an. eaeh, and styled " Most lAcellent ;" and I or
.■' nmnieipal mairistiates with salaiies of about lOil/.
per an. eaeh. The president is styled " His llij^hne.ss,"
and has a salary of l.'iOi)/. and a house : thei'e are .'i
se))ati)rs styled " .Most Kxeellenf," with 7l>.''/. /n'r tin.
eaeh : the Legislative .Assembly of ,'17 iiu'inbrrs lia\e
eaeh los/. pi'r an., and the President of the Assembly
C.OO/. iier an.J
^1
1
j!
I
U
.1 stork.
CUAITICII IV.— IIELICOLANI).
a
C
.tt
I/)
laiiii, I*'*
l-illlHl -.lllil*
iiai II." I
KlDI'li ■«""
lUSli ''J
1,3940 wm
Sh.cTioN 1. — The island of Heligoland, in the North
Sen, is situated in .'i4. II. N. Iiititude uiid 7. .M. K.
loDKitiiile III (ireeiiwich, and is from J I to L')'i l''.nj;lish
niilcs (lintaiit Irom thi' months of the Klbe, the Kyder,
tlie Wiser and the Jalide. it is of eonsiilerable im-
portanee to ves.sels hound to thede rivers, not only
hivitum' its ehiireh and li^dit house are an admiiable
hi'iiniii, hut also beeanse ships may here be bupplied
witli expeiieneed and liiensed pilots.
11. Ill .\u):usf 1711, the island was eoiupiereil from
lliL' Duke of Sleswiek by the trown of Deniiiaik,
wiiiil) retained possession of it till the .'itli September,
l^'i'.wliei) it was oeeiipied by the Kn^^lisii, and in
Isll was liirnially ceiled to (ireat llritalii, tinder
wiiii.se goveriunent it still coiitiiineH.
III. The island, whieli is in the form of an nente
milled triangle, is now only about one l'.ni;lisli mile
ill length l)'<»n N. to S., o)ie-tl)ird i)i breadth front
v.. to \V., and two milt's and one-third in eireimile-
renee. It is eertain that it was aneie)itly of mneli
;.,'reiiter extent, but theie are no authoitie reeorils to
deteiniiiie how far it may have stretched into the
sea and appioaehed the emitinent.
Till island (onsisls of the upper part, called the
Oberla))d, and the lower, or Unteiland, wliieli lies in
a rtoiilh-easterly diieetion. The luinht of the Obe)-
land, at it.s most elevated point on tin- western side,
is L'OO feet above tli,' level of the sea, the eastern side
bein;^ lower. The island is visible at a distanee of Iti
and L'O miles ; its first appearance is very striking,
■i II
IlEI.lGOLAN'l).— POrUI,ATION, FINANCES, STATE, &c.
fl
if
C,f)2
and it increases in interest on ii nearer nppro&ch.
[For Geology, Sec., see "CdUmiul Lihniry;' Vol. V.]
IV. The climate is mil'!, and resembles that of the
midland counties of England, the heat and cold being
tempered by the sea breezes ; the air is i urc and very
salubrious, whence Heligoland has been much fre-
quented by visitors from all parts of (jerinany, Prus-
sia, Poland and Russia, dincethc erection of the baths
amount so raised is principally by granting licenses Ic
shopkeepers, pilots, and other persons following aii\
tra(le or business to enable them to carry on tlivir
respective occupations; rating each person in pii.
portion Ui the extent of his business.
The expdiditurc of the island is about 10(1/. |i( i
annum. Its disbursements are prini'ipally for tin
imyment of the interest of the island debt, for tlu
in iH^fi; they are considered liy physicians as the j erection and repairs of bulwarks, and for keepiii
most eflicacious in the North sea,
V. The number of inhabitants is 2,200 ; namely,
1,000 males, 1,200 females. In IH.'if,— births, .'ii ;
marriages, 23 ; and deaths, .'52. The population,
which is increasing, is considerable for so small a
spot, es|)ecially as many families have emigrated within
the last 20 years from the want of employment at
home. They are chietly engaged in the fishery or
navigation, and many also are brought up as pilots.
There is a brewery and a distillery, and tlie number
repair other buildings the property of the island
Estimate of the sum which will be re(pijnil in
defray the expense of the Civil I'.stablislum nt i.:
Heligoland, for the period from the 1st day of .\pril
\KiH, to the :nst day of March, IhM): —
Lieut. -Governor, ^tiiQl. ; Clerk to l.ieut.-Govenii r,
i:U\l.; two Clergymen, at r,l)l., 100/.; Town (Ink,
CO/.; Signal Mail, OO/. : Buoy Keeper, XU. ; M:ii|
Carrier, (>;)/. ; Keeper of Blockhouse, 3/. ; total, '.)i'.:',/.
This estimate is for the same amount as that for t!iL
of mechanics and shopkeepers is commensurate to the | preceding year.
wants of this small colony. The number of houses is XI. 'i'here arc eight or nine vessels of .lo or f,ii
470. The Heligolanders are of Frisian origin, and speak tons each, which perform voyages to l^ngland, Fraiui.',
a dialect of tha*. language, but at church and in the 1 Norway, and the Baltic Sea; at.d about M (.|i(ii
school the High German alone is used. They are a i fishing boats of three or four tons, and small boats
tall and strong peoiile, with handsome fi'atures and for the lobster fishing.
florid complexions ; their habits are very simple, and j XII. Prices of produce in IH.'iC) ; Beef, 3i/. per H,, .
their inactivity and tearfulness on shore as remark- j mutton, .'ii/. per lb. ; Potatoes, l,v. per bushel ; cd e,
able as their industry and daring courage at sea. j from M. to l.v. per lb. ; tea, from l.v. to "i.v. per lli. ;
VI, There is one ehurcli, St. Nicholas, built in j lump sugar, from 'h/. to Ki/. per lb. ; moist sugar, from
UiS"), situated in the I'pper Town, capable of con-
taining from 70U to MHO persons ; about 2.')(i generally j
attend. The clergyman receives 7 1'. jier annum, and
has likewise a house found him, together with two
pieces of ground, one Is fathoms long and 27 broad,
and the other Mo fathoms long and 1.') feet broad.
There is no chapel. [the lifter are caught atuiually, the whole of wlijcli
The j\uiior elirgyman instructs the upper class in are sent to Hamburgh aiul Bninen, with the exce|i-
the school ; the other two classes being »auglit by ' tion of 7fi(iO or MOno lobsters annually sent to V.uf.
two schoolmasters. 'I'he total number of children in land; value of haddocks, 'A,'AX)/.; value of luli^tir\
.■'(/. to 1(1. per II). ; coals, \.i. I'xl. per bushel.
There are no manufiictories, mills or works, \i'. di
any kind. There has been one shir, built in iIkmo.
lony of .")0 tons Inirtlien. ''I, ire .uc about f.d liouts
eniplcyed fishing for baddiieks and lobsters ; betwtrii
7(1, (ICO and m0,(I0() of the former and alxait 27,('(i'iiii
the schools is about ;?.')0.
('i7.'i/. ; total, l.OOs/. "here are no horses and oiilv
VII. There is one school, which is public, situated . (i horned cattle, 1.51) sneep, and I goats in the i:-.laii(i.
in the Upper Town, and contains ].'>>! male and l(i2| Dining the system of the continental exiluMdu
female children. It is conducted by three masters ; ' from ls(i7 to isl I, the possession of Ileiii,'olaii,l was
the head master receiving 7-1/. per annum ; the second i of the utmost importance to the ICnglish (ioverniiuiit,
master, :<()/. per annum ; and the third master, 20/. ! as it enabled them to watch all the motions of tl.!
per aimiMU. The schixd is supported by voluntary j enemy in the 'ountries lying on the coast ; and g;ui
ji contributions, and a fixed sum of .O.v. 4(/. |)er aimum ■ them the command of the mouths of the rivers uhlcl.
I for each child, which meets the ex|)enses. | permitted them to protect the commerce of r.riti-li
' VIII. There is a building \ised as a prison, situated 1 subjects with the neighbouring states, while the island
near the top of the steps ui the CppiT Town, which j at the same time served as a di pot for ilieir gimils,
contains four cells, but there have been no prisoners I which were otlercd for sale, or sent to dilferent parts
of any description this year. [B. B. I.S.'fCi.] I of the Continent. At present Heligoland is of great
IX. By virtue of the capitidation concluded with | service to navigation from its conspicuous lighthmis,',
Admiral Uussel, in 1n()7, the inhabitants were per- from the able pilots who may always be ohtiiiiuii
initted to retain their ancient constitutions and the there, and from the anchorage it all'iuds to slii|ipiii?,
Danish laws, an agreement which has been strictly 1 'Ibis anchorage nught be converted into an lAe.lliiiI
adhered to. The affairs of the island are administered harbour, wliicli would rtl'ord shelter to merclmntnu!
by a governor (at present Colonel Sir Hi nry King,
Knight of the Ciiiel|)hic Order"!, and under him is a
court composed of six municipal councillors, who are
chosen from among the inhabitants. The finances
aiul police are superintended by Hi elders, and m ad-
juncts, who with the municipal councillors constitute
the governir,ent.
X. The local revenues of this island, taking one
year with another, are about 100/. per annum. The
and the govertuiient steam-boats which ttmeli at this
island durmg the winter season to ileliver the innils,
which at the breaking u|i of the ice, are always fur-
warded by vessels of small dranirht.
[A tract of about 'idOO sipiare miles on the North
coast of the island of Borneo, the island ol I'eriiiindu
Po, Aden in the Keil Sea, and Soeotra inland iiifCii|it
Gardafiui, have not been included in the Work.J
TUl: hNU.
IaI4
ISI.'.i
ISII).
IS17,
iHlHi
t8l9{
\H-iu\
Hi\
m-i
m:i
m4
IHU.V
18'iH
IKtOi
m\\
mi,
n«;ii|
1835'
1*18'
1k;i7I
Antigaa .. .
Ilarliaitncs
Dnminica
(iri'aada . .
JainiilcR ..
Moiitnerrat .
Ncvis ..
St. CliHsto,)!
St. I.iiria .
S(. Villciiit.
Tobnijo
I i^rtola. . . .
Trfnidaif ..
Halmnias . .
IliTimidas
Hi'aiurara
llcrliicc. .
Iloiiilutas
Tiital of the
Mauiitlua
inting licrnscs U'
lis following iiii\
to carry on tluir
1 person in |iri.
i about Ifio/. |iii
iiu'ipally for tin
nnd (li'l)t, for tlu
uul for kfcpin;; ii>
of the island.
il be rc(iiiin.'il ti.
Kstablislinuiit oi
L" 1st day of April,
H'M) : —
I I.ieut.-Goviiiicir,
10/. ; Town Clirk,
.(■(■per, XU. ; Mall
i', 3/. ; total, '.tiy.U.
nt as tliat for t!iL
esRcls of .lO or T.d
[) I'lngland, Fraiicc,
:(l about fill (.pin
IS, and small bnat'^^
; Ik'cf, M. per M,.;
per bnsbel ; eo c,
l.s. to fi.v. per 111. ;
; moist sugar, liiim
■r bnsbel.
Us or works, \c. nl
lir- bviilt in tlic co-
.ire about 0(1 bouts
1 lobsters ; betwicn
nnd about :i7,t'(i'itii
he whole of winch
en, with the exccp-
uially sent to I'.ng.
; value of loli-ters,
DO horses and onlv
goats in the i»liiiul.
itineiital exiliibiuii
of lle'iigulHii.l «.•!•>
iglisli (.ioveniiimit,
the motions ol tl''.
le coast ; and i:;i\i'
f the rivers wliicli
omiiieree of r>riti'li
itcs, while the i^h^nll
pot for their ;;oiiils,
nt to dillVrent |iaii.^^
igiilaiid is of great
spieuoiis li;:l;tliciii<i',
always be ohtaiiuil
atl'ords to sliip|iin?
tid into an cxe^.lkii!
tcr to increhniitiiH!!
which touch at thh
to deliver the mails,
ice, are always lur-
it.
miles on the N'HH'
island ot rerniiiulu
cotra isliiniloifUiH.
I ill the Woik.J
APPENDIX
OF
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS
RELAPIVE TO THK
COMMERCE. AGRICULTURE, SOCIAL STATE &c.
OP Tim
COLONIES OF THL BRITISH EMPIRE.
BOOK I.— WKST INDIES.
A. -Total amountof the trade bctvfcen the L'nitcd King- !
d(im and the British West India Colonies since 1814. {
OFFICIAL VALUE. I
Declared
value ol llri
tish X^ Irish
produce and
•r 1
Exports to the Brit. W. I.
«
r Imports
liritlsh id
Forelpn
Total
manufac-
, from the
Irish pro-
and Col.
tures export-
1 lirit. W.
duce and
Merch-
of
ed to the Uri-
, Indies.
nianufac.
andize.
Eports.
tishW.lndies
£
£
£
£
£
Mi im-MJna
fiM22'i6
339912
6622138
7019938
\M!>' N!Ki:l-iri(i
(17424. 11
45:)fi:)o
71Urt08l
7 :180,17
lUKi "S4;h9.1
4,18450!)
2fi87l9
48,1:)22S
45:17056
IS17, b;i.'fi!«6
6(iU'27()H
382HH:)
7015.191
5890199
iKis wl(m7!)n
,1-1-216
272491
59H97»7
6021627
lltlOj SlhH.IH!)
4:ig.1'21.1
297199
4692114
484125:)
Infill! H;i.'i:t7(i(j
4!i4(>78:t
3l4.1t)7 45lil:)50
4197761
1H2I HHt)74;7
4<J4(lti()<)
370738
ft:)ll:)47
43-20581
\»<i b(il!);r),-i
4 1270,1 -2
2431'2(i
4370178
34;)9818
i8'i:i s4-i.')'2rri
4(i21.18g
28.1-247
4906836
367678O
iK-.M •:)iifi.'>.'i4(i
4843S,16
324;)7.1
5167931
3827489
IH2.V 7!):f.'H'J!)
4702!J4(J
295021
4997'27(1
3866831
IH'.'() H4'iU'l.54
37924.1;)
25.1241
4047694
3199-265
]»ir HIIHOHHS
4fi8.vH!)
3315HR
5017:175
368:1222
!»■«; iHi)(i9.'il>
4134744
326'298
4461042
3289704
\m\ »««7i»a3
siH2li)7
359059
5521256
361 '2085
ih:io Hsgyiiio
37-»9799
290H7H
4040677
28:18448
H;il; H4477(i(l
:)72!)522
2587fi4
3988286
2581948
m-i, HKlHtitip
3813821
2H6(i05
4100426
2439808
Inaa. N00Hti4H
440l!)!)l
302189
47O4I8O
2597592
mil 84!iii.5
44(|4d(i0
:i23!)8fi
4818646
2680023
18M 7.'i4l010
,157.1004
379298
A9-'>4302
3187540
m6 807>i048
5792875
.101580
fi:i94455
3786455 1
li>:i"i
It.— An account rf
thederlarcd viiliic of the
foUowii.K
articles
of Itiitish and Irish Hnidiice and Mam
facture.
exported Irom the
United Kingdom to the Uritit>h West Indies, in each year, since
1814.
..=
=3*
Lumber ; viz.
hoops, staves,
and headings.
u
i
i
g
•a
g
1
Hardwares,
Machinery,
8:c.
Grain, pro
visions, fis
Clothing of
sorts made
Total of th
specified
articles.
£
£ ' £
£
.*■
.€
A'
.*■
-2228970 9'297II7'301966
511014
1 15:1864
47:1737
1H41.12
5782410
2609232 968.i86 :i07712
614-289
826007
486l:u
95788
5907748
1-2064.17 575517 1775:13
507:133
6:i;i684
355106
70314
352.1944
2I471142 .198272 -278014
528763
77" 1114
.39688 1
67295
4786:171
1899 165 596964
-284450
592778
867894
49(1610
76784
481 |64,'(
1086945 5-237:15
250461
582620
77.^912
422861
81508
3721043
lU7Ki):tl '.'162921
17^1598
414975
598567
376041
77«:t8
3281874
i:l20ii():i .■.7()-<ii7
177471
a57818
564962
;155:192
61)950
3 1-22153
87-'.l9t> ."..•>9;i9-2
177673
3087 l;i
441464
:)348ii
48801
2716453
10:16674 55216:1
157022
3l6;l67
446555
370166
62906
2941853
11 08:186 '55-2427
1515/2
324797
497174
344149
61916
3040451
1209:150 527711
1.19122
348998
501-2!Mi
348110
60.-.42
3135132
781412 40111)8
105515
36:1077
447401
319254
64775
2)826:12
942846 I7!M52
1:17001
:i40740
47:is28
340676
69276
-278:1519
7:10850
412734
126262
395238
41 "808
3:10726
77180
24!»i798
1050475
3853U3
119792
4441:19
445057
327063
60479
28:12:108
646466
:125623
99888
361450
:i946io
279662
58727
2l664-2fl
6:19:126
350578
75969
240821
33189:1
•25IJ651
5929:1
1957531
659145
307558
929O8
193801
:I23142
255564
66521
I89H93U
705096
32:1578
102105
205052
347112
283-267
620 18
2028-258
71)9795
:i:m995
102:108
228116
344181
2699:19
56!)ro
2106607
10:1; 861
370141
114-288
290428
3J7435
:i 17402
5:1979
25215:17
1060780
405016
140052
:)94386
441147
407196
5)721
2902628
C— An account of the vi^iue of all Exports to the Hriti.sh Colonies in the West Initios, and to the Mauritius for
ten years, endint; 5th ol January, 18:17, distiugiii.<-hing the year*; and the colonies.
Naincsof the Colonies. 1 I827,
Antigua
Ilarliadocs
Iinmiiiica
(irciiftda
JaiaiilcR
Mi)iit.Herrat
NCMS
St. Cliristophcr
St. Lucia
■St. Vincent
Tolin^o
iiTtola
Trinidad
llaliiimas
llcniiiidas
Dciiii'rara
IliTbicc
Ilmidutas
Total of the llrit. W. Indies,
.Mauritius
124:197
3U668I
3(1811
9088:1
778-294
9061
158-27
765 1 8
36331
IO711U
51li()4
5487
.346212
4:193 1
35877
534805
694'.^5
242-JOO
:)914808
1828.
.*
137135
335811
3:1760
11891 7
1538769
10210
23673
88748
48079
10;>703
58225
0518
301)504
334.10
:i976l
479531
63228
189919
'jiosog
1829.
.*'
1.19966
3176:14
27301
96345
1825409
8045
22909
76183
40H73
9807 4
546:13
498!)
295:192
41 861
27912
541710
.163111
295562
3616001 1:1071144
lygag-i aaonn;
1830.
1831.
1832.
18.13
.*'
100515
29:1292
16233
8OO36
13.13:159
8647
Ilil04
B6593
25020
80423
44:198
3560
164070
43210
57576
458194
76326
251170
im-Md
I8U4:I7
if
113186
303255
29697
73722
12404:18
7954
12433
40499
17586
('9559
40737
2085
18:16 1 5
18891
41515
38763 1
45548
212:1-29
2840713
160460
.€
951)23
275335
22-200
69066
1324675
7.'i71
10-245
:)8748
12127
66653
41469
1101
183876
25730
33258
;i:i72('>:)
50936
I3ll5:t8
2726414
l«777a
118259
•2P'/53n
29334
71720
1184856
3455
1-2351
43343
I49:<7
G7484
42303
433^
248604
44250
30124
:)3748-.;
54038
302076
28997H1
98235
18:i4. 1835.
118558
291063
28437
7.1301
1281-239
7075
9661
.16173
•! 1(164
8/661
4;) 1 25
1588
207-246
49189
do; 8 1
410764
62(187
232394
.*■
140563
3477l>2
26-282
68891
1718768
8049
22379
69353
32154
80457
4-2898
44-20
251901
35227
34251
4:19771
71588
182120
I8.16.
.<•
146)55
4:17066
57233
88313
17.1650.'»
l.«10
2»6~8
6.1; 28
4.1951
111847
61969
6873
381486
55430
50f7a
6OI7SI
!)62I4
3016:10
3004009 '35668:19 l4288(l;l3
192213 22SI4S 315936
li-l*"'
7"T
'i>
W
( I
I
1
i
i
Hi
If! '•
! Al'PKNDIX.
n.—Iniportf, Exports, bikI llnnu' CoiiKiimiition of Siignr (in rwls.), anil of the Hrvcniic colli'i'tcil thiToon, in oach year
Klnce IHU, with the annual avrruBC piices anil rotes of duty for the same period ( stated lor the liiitfd Kinj^dum.
EXPOKTS.
HAW SUIIAH.
Hritlsh j
Ri'limd Suiiur,
(reduced to its
- - ^;.-,«„i cipiivnlciit
(2 = le ^liiC =i «l>""itily of
■ = • k
*• a tt « •■3 5
. . a a— ^
S 'J z -
: ^ =c :; ^
.0 •'^ a
IHU
IHI.'i
IKKi
IKI7'
IHIK
IHIj)
1 820
IH'JI
IH'.M
18-JU
IK'24
I Has:
IH-Jfi
18'j;
18-28
i82y
1 8:10:
I8:ii
I8:i:j
ih:i:i
ih:m
I8:IA
I8:i(i
I8;t;
;t,'.8i:.ii)
;i()4'jK(ir
ur>(iii:ii7
;i(i7!nsa
:tr7:.a;!(
3<J071S1
:i7(i!ii:iH
aydiiijii;
:i4:i.Mi0i
:i77;i5-j8'
:i!)H.'>».'rJ
MAOI-JHI
40ll-24'2()
:i,1S«!)l8
4:ii:i4;ii)
4i:>a«i:>
:)pi:r2(i8
4io;t7i(i
a7li4'J4.1
llOS'itil 1
•2841 '.Mil
:).'r.':li||8
;)()((i):ii7
3:1052:18
!):i7-:i
lhi)7Hj
•J(i4;ii4
:i(ii:ij:i
•JU7U.i8
4M'i7IO
.■il7.-.-.:i
.-iii;;o
,'.jy:i.-)2
fl.-i.'iHIil
5.')SL':l7
i<J7;iii:i
5;i7a(il
Iiicludini; SUi;ar used in
4liik:i i:.!i!l!lii ii:ilH!)(i'
li,-(iii.-i ;iI1:i;h 7l)i80li
liilJiSI l!)(M!in .V2(ir()7|
pnais i:)jp:t7 :i7(i7-2(i
10|)i)5j i(i«ti87 ;ti7i,ii'
87.-.K7 I027l(i •24!)2l()'
l850li8|l:lH'2!IH 40ll4'2:l|
1 4 1:1:1.' iHii:tl4 :uo4<j7
ll^^r; l:ir7"7 'JllMill
loi;!Hi I7t);i7 •.'1C2744
lld:i»8 -jniilKii :U)!il74,
;)li():'.'i 17:107:1 •J4'28'22
4lii;<i!i lii.'ixiH :i(Mi:i(il
(■110711 I0;i<)l).'> -J.'p.'il.'i^
4'J:>II) l(io:l-'!) .171 IK)
.•1(1171 17J!).'iCi i'l^-iH'i
h:iii:i llid.iio .111 Kil
IMIiii' •jM7iiii I-J07J0J
irjo.-iii •j(io,"i01 :i(i-<iMiii
lll.'i,illr2l:tHL':( .iiid.Vio;
808(i7 '10071 1 .■iilH7t4'i
iri7oi.' -jooiih:! :i7I2:io
74(17." IpliKil •.'780IIH
8l.'i:i(i :l.54.')l:l 44k:inI
DistlllcricH.
8ii7:i47
,IH'2y.':i7
••2.1240.'. 1
!m40-2.'i
|)7.'.SH'29
22I1JD1I
!n:):il4
jl iHoiml
•2.l;!i!i:ii
s
11417-24
15I-2I.-10
;t2ii-iiii
ll.'i708-2
1 I7l-2:i:i
i;::(ii(iri
8477il8
'1(1(17008
2H'J(llllFli
>>
a
10<JX(i|()
l(<)(|o:i!)
'.'•JOlMil
10'J'27;)I
'l:i().i-J28
:io.'i(iM(2
ISI4
IIIK
' .Mir2iiit
1 8(17817
*2!(Ni(ii5-
1mI."i
l.'ilCI
n77n!);i
1 !)703:t7
:iJa^()!H
IHKi
I:l8()
04OO.'>4
i|00!W28
:t:i(i7ia4
I8I7
I7'7
.'. l!l7H-2
7|l;(i04
307U1-4S
l8ISi
irt.vi
.'.K(il72
8t-(ii7:i
:i."i7i!i!"i
ISW
Kill
()!l.'il02
!».'Mih.'i7
:t:llii!l:';
IS20
I7('0
77i'ii'.' I
11 (1070
:i(iii|||{|
1821
I(i7!(,
hOMi;j,'i
llo():ii7
:l.i:ilii,j|
1822
I4l:(;
lo;i-.'H>,()
i;)44;ii7
:t7:c.'(ill
182:1
1 4 1 7;
j !)«1II'J0
1 IIKIkitO
:i7H7:i!ll
1824
ii.'ii:
77 l!i:l!)
1 1 i:io.:.'i
;i(i.-i.-i.i:ii
I82.V
lll.'i:
417(1H7
784j:i7
:i(i.'iiNiii
IH2ti
l.'iOOh
(Hl77.'j
r28oriiti
:i7<i.i;9
1827
I2II(
h'.fM.Mt
jHi.MliO
:iw(i.vi3
'828
1 :!,'■«
42J(l(l.'i
7oo7!):»
:iiK><:i!iy ■■
IS2P
I.l8(i:
;i87-:7-2
8:t.'.(i33
»<l.^tl>lll ■
I8:lu
i:i7!);
E.
REVENUE COLLECTED UPON SUOAR. .*.
OROSS HKCKIPT OP IIUTIKS. jt.
11 =
no.
18)4
1818
IHlO
I8I7
IHIH
15779515
4740781
4921031
SPtiO.'il
43ia:i8i
181!);4'J8487h
In20 .'i-'88!)20. I
1821 |.'i:!.'i2 1:10
1822: 16117:01
I82:l,.'il:l'i40!ll
1824 r.207l:)2i
1825
1826
4(!5 152.1
5273048
101)20.'
150331)
l827l.105P208j230005
182H
I82U
1830
541.'i7!.'i
5340258
522(i!l6(i
:l2(i44H
:t247.v2
.•i,'i8207
2420P
73&9«
O49I3
51)012
501 14
KJ20I4
»(ipr)8
222138
25433.'!
1 110783
282537
198322
265037
1/240(1
18(105.5
223U02
230185
; H I r
OK,
K O
'A
O rt u
■cl
353220
05579
7!)34!)
8034
2118
924
iOII
1075
1117
"50
210
99
85
:I025I
2(i58
8745
47901
49554B4 n8796ol370752473jt. ill.
4880359 M2OO2O 3454333 Ol<l. \Oll.
50fl52!lfi 1433103 :|0I2I!I3 48.«. 7(1.
(i02.-il!)l l.'.i.liyO.-i 44:1:192(1; in.«. 8(/.
4:ifi58i:r 1014700 275110715011.
5177810 Il8l27:i :iyy(i54:Ml». Ul.
440yO5 1521318 :i92.''i387 :lO.«. 2«.
357301:1 138()0«3 ilH.iy.-.K :i:i«. 2(/.
1807182 8o07:i8 DKJoiit :ii.v.
12(1942 9193:12 U074I0:12». 111'.
548yH7y 817973 40llyo4 :il.v. 0(/.
RATES OF DUTY.
ISriti^li I'lnntntimi,
Urinvii or Miisoo-
Viulo., percwt.
Mauritius.
1
il.
10
I 10 —
ro5Sc|it. 1/. 10.
From 5 Sept. II, 7.
4956151 77919041760,55
:l8if. Od.
1O89I26 738I28'4P.509U8'30«. 7'A
191870
392187(>
841078 4030 1 92 33k. '.UI.
922379 3002297 :tl«. 8rf.
589<)757| 1000515 48y6242.28». /rf,
(i00332J1295980 47(17342 24.«. Ill/
1 7 -
1 10 -
-
To.'
May, 1/.
10.
•iMi
ly to 3 Sep
.1/.8
I rom 3 .Sept.
1/. 7.
1 7 -
1 7 -
—
1 7 -
-
I liurgcd 119
E. 1. Sugar.
1 7
Til .'1 July i'linri{rd iih
K. I. >iii(tir; friiin •'
Jillv I'linrunl >ih Sil
Ijiiriifllii'Urlt riiiill
I'lmrKi'il lit Siitfiir iil I
tilt' llr I. I'laiil. I
East Iniliii.
I'd 111 A|iril, K l.i
^ W. (I'l'i-iil. ml 111. I.
Ill A|ir. tollMnv, l/.ln
i Mny 111 i.Si'in. 11.11
Friiiii S 8i|il. II. III.
■I'., .'i Mnv, 1/. 111.
Friiiii .'i M IV, I/. 1;.
To .'1 Mnr, U. hi.
.'i Maj 111 .1 >' fl. .'(.
iTOiii .'1 Si-jil. 1/. 1;.
1 17 -
a - -
Tn.i M«y,:7.
,1 Miljr III .'i f'lpl II. Iv
Kiiiiii.) Si'pi. II 1;
1 17
7 - I
To 3 July, \l. 7.
Krom du. 1/. 4.
1831 49:i0.')92!547855 189009 104:158 3778411 1127824 i0.'.o3yo 2;i.s. fif.
1832 45953771031600 127374 yo 3:134441 9liol(>2 l:l9l:i:M);
1H33 4l07202'liO9332 157280 I9O 4y:l4liyii 3I97!I4 1411302'
1834 441.108130333:13 19438" 138 3344705 783:113 1-,39:192!
1833:452y;!)2 709788 1379(14 112 33970,30 72y7.vi 4(i(;79oo|
1830!:)930878!021390 176442 ,i4 4734970 570803 4IHt(03l
8952701:10, ,309371 I7(i(l303l
* liii iiiiUni; Sii|;:>r of Mnrtinique and (iiindaloiipe, admitted for Home ('onHiiniptioii, under Art 3:i (ieo. :l. e. li.'.
+ IliHWtmek itnd lliiiinty allowed on K.\portatli)n to Forfign I'arts. und ItepaynientH on Over Kiitries, J((e.
t Kati'S of duty on K. I. su(;»r, \ Iz, 01 any llritish PoK^e»sion within the liniit.s of tlie E. I. ('. ehuiter, into wliuli''"
importation of InreiBO hugar niny {hy Ael X( 7 Williuiii IV. he prohlhiteil and iinpiirled Irnm tliciiee, pel ewl., !'• 1
01 any other Uritish i'o»»es»iiin within tlinse limits ami iiii|i'iited from ihenee, 1'. 12*.
4
4
4
4
4
I
4
1 17
1 17 -
1 1/
To 5 Jiiiyi " 1:
From do. 1/, IJ
1 12 -
1 12 -
1 12 -
1 12 -
To 3 July, 1/. Ii«
Since ili'ln:
1831
In:;5
18:irt
I7II
Iii7 .
i 7112 i'l'J '
i 7'.):: 70 '
17l»l].Vl (
(III//
i7y(;:77 (
171)7.81 (
I7:i8 8(1 (
I7;i:ij7,'i 1
|8()(||74 (
Isill
04 1
1 8(12
,54 i
|80.')
07 (
1804
80 (
|8(l.',
70 (
|8()0
OH (
IH07
INOH
—
IHO!)
70 (1
1810 77 cl
I>*11
r.7 (1
INI2
77 n
Miay^ 1'
iNi-»iy;» (;
Untcs
Tiilmu'ii, St.
l-'lbs,; fn
Kroiii
fri 111
1:' 1,
con,
In rach vpar
litcd Kinsilom.
I?.s =
, 111 llil
r. K i.-<p >.;:i:ij
'^Ittx Hii?
.jilM-y
m-Jl)-.':i7 •*ia«.M
ir.iHKag liaii-.w
ItHIMIHl 1 2.'>J!ID;tl
131'2l.'>0 ■ J'JihiMI
Iu7i-2;i:i 1 i;ai»!)i
iiii<i;non ■jH'.'iM.iini
iMlWtKi!) 1 ■i!)iilh(ii
i;i().)-J2S ' ;iii.'iiiMC.!
807817 ••i!i«!l"57
H7(i3:t7 ;i-.!>«!n
liHiyWH :):iiirm
7!i:(iii4 aii7i)»ii'
Hb(')47:i 1 :i:i7:tti<«i
((.•liitt.'i; 1 a.iiii!!.';
11 |M(i7(i 1 ;ili(iui!l
1 Km;) 17 1 ;).vi!in;:l
i:)ii;ii7 ! ;t7Jj(iti
1 iiii)MO :i7h;;i|)|
miiii.i;) :ir«5.vii
1 7M-.';i7 1 :lii.M«'M
laHii.Mi) :irti.i;'j
lHl.M(ii» 1 ;iK,-ii),'iiij
7(iii7!)» ' ;ithKi!'J
u:i.Misa : :iu.'>4i>iii
TY.
East liMiu.
To 10 April,
11 ft
V W. r
fi'iit. J»
1
HI .\|ir.
toUMn
V. 11. Ill
S Mny
1. 5 Si|it
. IMI
Kroii
6 Si 1.1.
1/. H.
To.> Mnv.l'. !"._
From j M »y. it. )'■
Tn.'iMiiv. I'-l'.
;• Miiytn.i ^•.ll,:).
From « ^'■W' "• '•'■
1 17 -
a - -
To oM «.»,;/.
;, Miirio.'iSipill.j'
F 1 i >''I>1' " 'i
17
17
17
17
17
I 17
1 17 -
1 17 -
1 17 -
1 17 -
H-roM> do. 1'. 1-
'
Vi -
IJ -
1
To
.-.J
Sill
r.' -
\i -
VI -
ily. 1'. 12''
•e ili'iii;
cl .'.:i (ii'o. :i. c'i-
Kiilrii's, .H.C.
rliurti-r. into wW 'f'
tllCIlfC, lICTCWi.. 1^'
Al'l'ENDlX, 3
Foreign Plantation, Drown or Muscovado, duty por cwt. IBM, ;)/. ;)». -, IHl.'), :i/. :i«. ; ISlfi, To .'i .Sept. ;W. :i». i From
ISppt. ;)/.( 1H17, U/. i IHIH, :W. ;)». 1 ibh), To.i .Muy, :)/ h.i. ; I'rom .'• May to .'■ Sept. :U. in. i From .'• .Sept. :«. ; . ^l'll, 1H'.>I,
IK*', iH2:t, ih:ji, IH2,'), :i/. 1 iS'Jti, 1h'J7, is2rt, WH), ihao, ih;ii, :t/. ;i.v.
,V./J. Foreign Sugar was, during the under-nientiniuii periods, admitted to entry for the purpose of being icfiii-<l, oi
peynu'nt of the following Rates of Duty :— I'roni l June, 1HJ7, !/. i|.«. per cwt. ; From .'H July, IHJH, to ^ July, in;ii'. If
not of greater value than the average price of Sugar of thy llritish I'lan'ations •■; America, M. 'n. per cwt. And furfhei
in respect of every shilling by wliieh it might exceed siicli avciatr price, !)rf. From ."i July, IH3ii, to ,'> July, lh:il. It not
of greater value than the average price of Sugar of the llritish I'lantations io America, 1/. U. per cwt. And further in
rc.Hpcct of every shilling by which It might exceed such average price, lirf.
F.— SUflAR (rVVTS.) I.MI-OKTKU INTO TIIK UxiTKn KlXCnOM fROM TIIK UlllTISll WkST InPIA POS^KSSIOXS.
British
Guiana.
Dcme-
rara.
1M14
iHi:,
IHIIi
INI"
IKiri'
IH|i)
IS'.Ml
IK'il
wn
IH'.'I
i«-.':i
IH'Jii
IH'J7
'H-JH
IS'.'!)
Ik:iii
ls:il
Ivrj
ls;(:i
is:ii
In:::,
IHilli
lh:i7
iiih:i:ii
15!i;i'Jl7
l:lr<!l4l:2
17l7il()ii
Iti.viHIH
nil I.II7
iriipi'.':.
Ili7!l7-Jl
l4l;t71H
1417717
llJUIif.'
lll.viliti
l.'ilUIHlid
12IIII7.1
l;t.'«l74
Muri,.."
i:i7'J;ilH
l:i|i:iH!);t
I riliisi)
IJ">li!i!ll
I -vA-a.K
I I l«7l«i
I(i.'ini4'.'
illtilKIII
Her.
bice.
1
■a
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O
Hi
a;ii;MW
:)'i2liiii
:i'.>:l4l4
:t777!l'i
I'JIIIHli
iKii>i:i3
.vili.'iCil
iji'Jiili
j;ni|)4h
(!(l7H.'iH
(il.'><l<lll
().-i()-27(i|
44SIS7
711i»''!»i
717l')ii
77sn(i.'ii
,HII-.'Hti!
7;i,',(il(i
7:i():):lli
7:.lia-'l
(>H72Hi
7tl(i:i7(i
|Hliii:i4
il!)l4
HillK
l.'lllllN
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I77<'i
•-'!Mili7
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lillilK.I
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4(i(U
s7!)7--i
H.'il.'i4
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ll(l!ll>7
r.".'iiHH
l:)74.')7
ini7:i(i
!Mitii«)
I'jIilH.'ii
•J 1:171 4 j
ISU5:l(i|
I I'i 1:1.-1
[.•i:i(i:ii
l:cjn!):i
i'jHi:i4
MHI.'il
llilL-iHl
I. Mill 1:1
\(rnh-
I7H4!)I
lh(iH!)2
isiMipi
IMHC.127
•.'(ill(i:is
•j:i!l.'iH.'i
'.'(1.170:1
j<I'Jh:i:i
'Jii l!)H7
'24ll7tb
:(l'j'J(i.-i
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■.!M!);ii»;i
»l'Jlil
■.'ij.'.:lti7
l'jo,-.7l
l'-'llh!ll
l:i!ll.'iH
l:i'.':ish
ll'JSKIl
l:W.'i44
IO!n!l.'>
lnH'J44
I 'iii7v!(i
■ l:loi.'>
i'.';)«liM
lli:i.'>ti
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7i:i::!i
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'.'47:170
'J'27014
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iy77!lli
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'2 1:11 tin
I S.'itiHO
lHS'j:il
201071
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tn
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222207
142U01;
241.114
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2l4lili:
:ioi'iy,
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iy7»8
■2,ioyi
272:18
2(i(i4(i;
2fi 1:171
208."i.-,
l.'i.',07i
■2li(i:loi
|(i2t>2,
121.121
569.1
1 1!I0(|
24 1 0:1
5 1 09 1
4'2y32
4:1.17:1
80 122
I52'2.l'
2:I4H0
•22170;
21.18;l
■20,1.19'
I:ili7iil
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■207!il j
1:127.1
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15.1.19,
1 liiyy
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i:i8'.>i
1:1.1 lol
1:15:141
:i 100787
:i:i80887
:iii)8y8'j
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:<i)ii4n4y
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:liioi477
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G
. —
Average V
rices of Suj^ars,
i
>
<
■su
2
tn
1
u
including
Duty.
Tiofits.
1
1
!lO
CD
t,
>
<
3
'Jl
c
r/i
2
including
Duty.
Profits. 1
(i.
Cwt.
.«. (i.
c.
s.
</.'£.
.«.
d.il.
s.
,/.''
1.
</.IC\vt.
». </.
f.
.«.
(/.
f.
.«.
./.
.V ,/.
1731
Ii7
4 1.3
12 4
43
15
4 13
10
lo:i()
t
Cl 1815
99
(1
Mi
—
C)8
15
2
29
17
\ 1 38
17 3
I7'.»-.'
(■)'.<
4 -
—
45
1
4 13
10
1(1
31
10
CyIHIC.
81
—
58
'\
8
27
15
Cl 30
10 2
i7y:;
70
4' -
—
15
14
4' 15
ir.
■\
29
IH
0|lhl7
81
r,
-
—
:^>^
5
Cl
25
9
Cl 32
15
17U4
:-)4
0| -
15 01:15
2
(1 17
11
II
17
11
IHlN
84
!)
-
—
CiO
1
11
27
1
4 33
7
I7'.).1
77
''i "
_ |.^t.
•>
117
17
c.
32
4
7 1S19
70
n
-
—
51)
2
10
2Ci
3
9 23
19 1
I7'J(',
77
-
— |5()
1
17
17
Cl
32
3
C, IHJOI37
(i
-
—
17
9
II
25
H
11 22
1
171)7
Ml
o| -
17 (ii.")ii
I'J
1; 19
k;
c,
33
.3
0' Is21 Ol
9
-
—
4 1
8
•I
■_*.i
15
10,19
2 4
171)8
hi;
-
1<> 4 '•)5
Irt
(121
1)
•\
34
17
K JM22
59
C)
-
—
13
C)
S
25
15
7 17
11 1
17'.)'.)
7.'>
-
•iVi 0148
15
0,21
15
(V2I)
19
Cl ^1H23
Cl
-
—
43
ICi
3
25
15
C 18
9
1X1)1)
74
-
-|4s
t>
21
15
Cl
2C)
C>
Cl ■IH24
59
-
—
41
17
11
25
7
1C>
17 4
1M)I
i;4
1)
""
— 41
12
022
•>
1)
19
10
1H25
C18
-
49
5
7
25
19
2
23
(i 5
IH02
.')4
-
- -i^
7
5|22
2
13
5
5 lM2ii
-
-
-
—
—
—
i^o:)
(•)7
-
-4 043
It
0,22
2
021
9
'lH27
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
|8().)
80
-
2''i T) 'Xl
■J
0,21)
r,
Ci25
15
Cl Im2S
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
181),'-,
7r.
n| -
21
49
N
21')
19
(■) 22
K
Cl 1H29
53
-
27
37
17
7
2Ci
3
III
14 Cl
181)1')
CiH
-
—
43
14
027
c.
IC)
H
l,s3ll
1
is(i7
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
, 1H31
I8OH
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
!;iH32
180!)
7C.
llii
—
47
3
3 25
9
9
21
13
C, lH.33
|8|II
77
(->
21
49
12
(•);25
n
24
6
C. 1H34
1811
f.7
-
—
45
5
o'2H
2
11 17
2
1 I1H35
IH12
77
13
—
50
10
1 2(i
ir>
1 1 23
13
2, 11830
1H13
'J2
-
—
CiO
I'J
229
10
10,31
8
4J1837
l8l.»
I'J'.l
(•)
-
—
70
12
t
<3I)
15
»<
39
IC.
11
1
.1.,.' "I t\i 1^ ^ \t\i 1,, ,'nf,/ ■«, it]i
Untcs of Tares allowed on West India Siii;nr imported into tireat Hritaiii
Toliai;!), St, Vincent, and St. Kitt's, hogsheuds, from h to 12 cwt. I cwt, 7 Ihs. ; I
12 lbs.; from 15 to 17, I cwt. 2 <|rs. ; from I" and upwards, I cwt. 2 (|rs. M lbs
From Doininitn, Antigua, Nc is, Montserrat, and 'rrinj''ad, hogsheads, from
fr< rn 12 to 15, 1 cwt. 1 ((rs. » Ihs ; from 15 to I". 1 cwt. 1 qrs, 21 lbs. ; liom 17
From Jamaica, Orcnada,
rom 12 to 15, 1 cwt. 1 qrs.
8 to 12 cwt., 1 cwt. 7 lbs.;
Riut upwards, I cwt. 2 ips.
;, - %i''A
■;r ■•
'Mk A
APPK.N'DIX.
H. — An Account of the Quantities of Sugar and other articles imported into the United Kingdom from thu
West Indies and the Mauritius, between the ftth January 1H36 and 5th January IH37.
W'^l
I
fit' '
.i
ii
r
ii
^-,
*j
Colonics from
which imported.
E
•3
35
o
O
d
1
i
*
u
c
O
o
*^
c
(U
e
1
<
3
WKbT Inuiks :
Cwts.
Proof pal.
Cwts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Cwts.
Lbs.
Lbs.
Llis,
Antigua
LiWH-J
77;u
54370
1010
—
330
5
—
3 1 5h0
Barlmdoes .
3T.U-2H
738
47558
33523
121752
4
3241
—
138200
_
Dominica .
35213
10147
337 1
309284
—
279
-
—
9481
_
Grenada
150311
177720
10300
8590
117935
307230
-
—
5103
_
Jamaica
lO.'-i.JO.tL'
2110994
1000
14834830
37015
3047
0980
3230790
195911
5
Montscrrat
l:il52
10250
2094
—
311
—
-
—
192
_
Nevis
24723
5499
314
—
10310
—
-
—
5895
_
St. Christopher .
f)441«
20870
10492
—
—
—
-
—
7322
_
St. Lucia .
3H084
')•)
5253
33708
—
5036
-
—
77
_
St. Vincent
180482
112183
37907
—
7 1804
1350
-
—
79718
_
Tobago
117043
372905
11778
—
—
—
-
2
789
-
Tortola
13r)10
29H0
1890
—
9008
—
-
—
527
_
Trinidad .
312141
7450
75170
103539
108239
1292595
-
180
1393
..
Hahamas
314
—
lOO
51337
157118
825
-
—
400
_
Bermudas .
—
19
—
157
—
—
-
—
01140
_
Demerara .
804134
1879357
250920
1853003
818048
522
-
—
8029
..
Berbicc
213714
12.5231
7280
1014379
202049
599
-
—
1380
_
Honduras .
—
—
—
—
28
475
-
—
50
1
Mauritius
497302
2305
—
19185
—
—
-
—
294
-
Total
4099093
4870473
520.535
18922011
1714337
1012304
10220
3230978
548 1 02
f.
Re- f West India
exported. |_ Mauritius
88'>1 1
2085 J
1231193
1 590
138200
19812
40854
37
2305525
10851
-
V.
.d
Dycwoods, &c.
S;
Colonies from
which imported.
fobaco
(manufactur
and Snuff.)
C
1
3
^1
1^
<a
•a
u
O
Ton.s
Logwood. 1
D
60
E
tj
3
„_ 1
6
*-*
—
c
So
1
i
Wkst Indies :
Lbs.
Lbs.
Lbs. Gall.
Tons
Tons Tons
Tons
Tons.
Gt.hds.cjrs.no.
Ll)>;.
Antigua
12
—
1730 130
1
1
-
-
-
1
—
—
Barbr.'loes .
74
—
10352 145
-
08
-
-
-
1
—
Dominica .
99
—
1228 09
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Cirenada
—
2132 251
-
-
-
~
-
-
—
Jumaica
775
21035
33758
1228
008
.5261
454
600
30
1884
308 1 22
—
Montserriit
—
—
20
-
-
^
-
-
-
-
—
Nevis
—
—
002
13
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
St. Christopher .
7
—
991
5
1
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
St. Lucia
—
240
7
-
141
-
-
-
-
—
St. Vincent
—
—
2308
209
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Tobago
—
—
1210
121
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Tortola
2
—
325
2
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Trinidad
52
—
1517
170
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Bahamas
9
--
300
1
158
124 36; 138s
il3
3579
11-10
2V'
Bermudas .
104
—
327
/
087
111 -
-
917
10 - 1
-
Demerara .
13
—
4842! 285
-
;•; -
■-
-
5 2 3
—
Berbice
—
533 1 04
-
_ 1 _
-
-
—
-
Honduras .
85
172937
08
-
01
990
-
-
- 19383
—
—
Mauritius
20
4082
519
03
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
Total
12.58
1980.54
03140^2930
1510!0005
490' 20.54
143
25705
395 -
■I'll
Proportion re-exported
328
76523
183
508
19
3349
45
55
978
- - 2t
rsii
es'
o
«
S
8
s
■->
\»m
:i,-?lS()'j
IMIjJ
:U7icj;i(i
itii)
:)42K4.-.l'
IHII
4t)(iir,-j
ISl->
;);i):r.iHl
ISI.'I
4I)4,-HHJ
INI4
:i(UH,')(i,'-i
IHIJ
4I4S.I'.>I
IHII)
•ifi8t)S.-,l
isi;
:</"ir«y.'>
l»IH
:)5'.'<»;i'.'.'i
m\)
afifimjiH
\HM
ilK-jlli-J.-)
m\
44'il8'iM
mi
a:MHi:);
m-i
■J(i5nio
mt
:iuii:liM)N
IS.1,1
•2ii,')Oy4:i
in'jrt
■i-jmjHt
mj
•i4:i;274
mn
:H!W!)!):.'
1«V(|
;)-.i6»i.-.i
l«HO
•.m-MiKi
lUl
MKTV
\mi
ar.V'isy
ik:i;i
Wiu;h:)
l«:tl
■i'i:'.m>7
IHH.'l
•iiWi7.i
18.11)
■iWdijoil
isl-
•my4in\
lorn from tlu'
i7.
o
o
OS
3
Ll)s.
78
Ll)s. I
;Mr)8r,
i;t8-jno
r>i(i:i
195!) It
19i
r,H'.n,
77
797 IH
7H9
.'•.•27
i;?9.T
4f.C,
filHC
HfiL'9
1380
50
294| -
■.48i(i2 r.
,25 lfi851
u
•2S-.
9)
o tc St
: c .S =
cu
z ^
'Ji
•^ = iC
h c3 a
Is.iirs
no. Lbs.
1 22
10 ; 270
1 —
;f —
270
APPF.NDIX.
I —Imports, Exports, ami Home Consumption of Hum and Mohsscs, and of the Reveniio collected thereon,
in each ycnr since 1814, with tlu' Hiites of Duty for the sanu' period; stilted for the United Kingdom.
Quantity Quantity
Imported Kxportcd
1S14
iMl,'-.
ISlC
IH17
IHIH
iHiy
1H20
1H21
I '122
Ik:'!)
1^21
1M2.-,
I82<'i
1827
1H28
1829
1830
1831
183
1H33^
1834'
ls3.^
1\3»1
1H37
Imp. finll.
exclusive
7240.^37
.'■.73f.372
3258598
5332737
4580420
,5341494
5878415
5945738
3.544929
40(19473
40155.54
328r.l81
•4732093
564fi378
(532397:
(1938425
G813873
7892722
4745005
5140877
5158489
.5.540170
4993942
4013095
RUM.
Quantity
entered for
Home Con-
sumption.
Net Pro.
duce of
Duties.
Imp. ^atl
of overpr.
3271200
2975538
2325935
2040002
20338'.>1
1994974
3108553
2029(>20
1.5421
1550192
1 0309 1 9
1241793
1357870
1504945
1799878
1044003
1578581
2375527
2323;{35
1834200
1042282
1078374
127984
1174273
Imp. proof
gallon.
3703835
3305785
2428950
2408311
2I'>31583
2504883
2489120
2324315
224083'J
2349000
2551010
2095087
430.5310
3288006
32770.53
3375800
3058958
3024597
3537809
3492193
3345177
3410900
3324749
3184255
£.
2513578
2240172
10303.X0
1019425
1775711
1730410
1081425
1570377
1510015
1590000
1000827
1278313
1817108
1380720
1382024
14.34782
1000331
1029881
1591109
1570797
1505140
l.5;!7094
141(0150
1432929
Rates of
Duty, llrit.
I'lantatiou
Rum.
MOLASSES.
2a
I'erimp.j^al. : cwts.
<l.
10
13 ll.i
12 7i
8
r!8 'oi
9
141227
119381
1047
792 1
31832
54919
I 39990
I 58185
I 70298
1 89908
239088
'355592
1290504
'392444
1510708
!394432
250048
332875
■)fi508r
717934
078382
520321
52830(;
."28283
cwts.
240'J2
31071
37870
55'.)l(
38',»
2234
0311
1795
749
808
1750
883
.5-188
928
441
2312
4824
5G5
1120
1.332
2078
481)0
1000
1041
Quantity |
entered for {
Home C'on-t
sumption.
duce of i 2 >^ S ^
Net Pro- 1 „ca5
Duties, si 3 .^ 5
cwts.
58829
00407
50247
19404
32018
51187
27895
57.527
784(;i
101351
239.540
332453
279748
412005
381701
380143
m
21279
24740
18405
7328
12248
2110(>
13908
28.549
39278
80022
119739
I00:.'54
139958
200331
190852
193072
per cwt.
s. d.
337587 159083
7
7
7
7
7
§10
10 ('
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
119
348031
500809
043880
507980
022479
057082
592019
150883
254051
289023
228021
279795 I 9
295045 '
9
200324
9
9
I
t To June 15.
From Julv 5.
t From June 15.
* From 1820 to 1837 are imperial proof gallons.
§ From July 5.
K.— Rum ;gaUons) Imported into the t'liitcil Kincilnro from the BritlMi West hnltn Colonirj
Bar- i .S
bice, i i:
- 2t il'«ll
o
It
c
a
H.iMia 4(i;(i.')M;ii(i:iii :■, ■ .)i •2(ii;o i-_"'H2
ao«()77 5-.'.'i;eJ7 (M'2:l(ii)i'2i:llti'J MtrT' ailiM
HrrCJ 3;),-i:i3 .'i4tiK!l.-i •2liil7!l.'i rilO!) IMIf)
i).'>lii;t 3:i.jrt'.".> .')l!i'2:i(i|-.>i).l:i!)J 4ii(iBi) (i.iro
:iyi2(i ilO'i'jo tyr>i.''>:ii:<:iHi(i7 :t(iii'.', 'lff»
iyi:i77 iiKii.'.'j (imiili-j'.'iHi lo.itio mwu
l«0'.'H.-i •.si.ic)7 7.>:!(iH(i,.'i.'0:lli!) 2:10.171 HHfia
58i»70 44 I7"(t .i7!l9».'> ■.'7;i().)H H.iKti (io7
(id.'.j •i.'s:i7l4;j.'i7'i-j6] (ii;i74 •J4(l.'i, 4!)ii
:i«yK 1 ;t2HfiH-j,.'i.v24()<i!:i!)H(iH.'i! auiy; 457
»;);i-! •,i'7(i..ii4i7S9n ififi7:jsj lyaHi ..
t>:i74:i >i2478'4<i76y.'il:il:i4Siii lusij :<3.'>g
.'•74-J7 4S4a43|4'..541)l'J->.V)24' 2;t;l»! KHiiK
20(i.-.l 4ii248tij,)7li;tK;-.>.Mi(ii6| 74'.'j 44h:
2(K)!iii aioiimi7!)74i) 4117H7' 24!), IS
isifij :ti2:i7»|2f)7n7!) .idfiHi)! 4H!) iP7b
2y.1t) :)Hhtiwi'2!)4ili.'i (>ti.'i;i4' 1277I XiKy
l7:tH.' 4nti77H 17)11142 .'>.',-.tl3 •jiiii4| )i:l»(i
2(i(itih 2k:1!)4 127741)7 2'.i;iii52 1 4:i!)l IHS-iy
en,')7 4y4!>7;) ;iyM)i47 l))Mii7.-.i -t^irj- \sy*K
1.1821 ':i7i>r:i:i :i!)42Hy 27.^:)73l 15.141 ;tHii;ii
12941 4288 10 '•.'iiHi);t;i 117:12(12 2.1.17I 128l;i
(i2(ii7 41)8717 ;i-.>H47i|i()i)2iil 207:101 1102;);
.is.it) 2Hiti.ii io;iti.ii! 2y;i72i 5740, 6S4i!
22.1',232622 ;iy2.178 8il20(i| (iyO 10771|
77i4,272787i24704y' y:i:i!)7' 21711; ^"|'^'
!».18(i'2yy70.1 24h.124|lsyl54l 1798, 1U972!
74.-)fi372iHi.1 17772011121831 738 22'
711 ;i ■> I : "y 1 yy,- 1 1' •.!iioo25 ' y 1 4 ; .j-^ 1 1
3472(1
.1(199:1
:i93yH
.1440(1
(il8i:i
0.1 149
3
e
•<
I ffi
>
yy:)H7l 232770 82109
1 i:i223 34307.1
77(iy2 22088(i
2 loiMij 190040
177:174 IHlCiK)
179782 :ll2(i04
.128(52121(1289 2.10(422
84:199 130187'
27!)Hi: 1()S,12!
8^711 8(1,138
49210, 119390
129(178' 149228;
104713' 14(i043
.1700.'
Iti.ll
25(i4(i
2473
2.137
21()9()
24.123
22(i8
14310
278H.I
1 1.170
-407
97-«8
1 1 2.111
o
914981
()l2ti.i
42944
ti82l(i
31.10.1,
73029
IU.1IO7
(1.144.1
.17232
28242
17.14 J
:I0491
.11417
19831
_ . 70417 iJ!i(f:i(i
3l8.l:i 1:04:14 l7(iho;
:i(i:i2l'i:..i,ll4 219701
ti3U(l7:i.19241 2.i;'.s:!".
31,199' 29173 ■.'!",.,11
3031o| 28.123 12:117
277fi4l 7.'4l.1 791180
7.iOn| 670,11 107101
l(il47 7731 2(1870
U544 ll.VIH K7iHI(
()7oio
701,!rt
13178
137l(i:i
lo7i(lo
744:10
8.183
,1301
17(iVi
1(5.177
36088
3422(1
10187
lt)n84
700(1
iiy;
2418,1
1(1.18(1
10.140
i.-,y7l
,11243
1*7780;
I.'IHW
IM12
23i8rt
3!l3l.'(i
.^49!.
47931
o
7976;
,lll:i2
48880
4()8I8
62291
08060
.16428
.1737
269 1 1
203611
25907
348,17
47768
276.11
1 49:1.1
42943
19820
2307.1
1 7.1:18
3620,
214.13
:t!i8i
4907.1 '
4IHiS.-»l
11273]
20480
2«!92
I6SI.I6
4H04
Total.
2;t3s6,;
MOI
iil6,-.9i2
.11662.14
66486.17
38867{6l44H18
77040 6713767
I6H.I2
7; 11
6:183
.19.1.17
7119
76049.11
6741170
10218 :18604.12
W»10|tJ281734
■J342i. 1169291
3261 6328160
281 1 7002738
Kiyd
220
161.18
311
io:t
193
103
110
2<Mi
1108:101
4242610
4833SH.1
177.11ml
19:16997
3i)-iy:li»3
I66737H
727l«l»3
6fln|(i07
67«881<l
77!»:t"l»
IM8|17S«fl43
i.-,los69(i
: 14 78 ,11 12394
v.'-'". .14.1.120,1
2980,1868149
7131 1 44183:13
48
c-
. . ,«v ; ;
1''' 1
! h ; 1
, I. l»'$''.«i('J
i f ■ •■; • 'Hi
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• '.1:4
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Pi"
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tft — •• 'o I » a 1 ■• I » Ti Oi n
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lH;il
\l\12n
IHJJ
lHH;t7
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IHO'J"!
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17801:
Wl
2IHHI!
IHL'M
'.'1H()0(
1h:.'j
IhC'KW
1 «,■)()
l'.»7.'i.'f
IKII
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l^.fj
l'.iK).V.
iH:f3
ii:!iH.-
IK.'U
1K2C>HN
iH.i:. !
ilir.i:
iH.'ir,
1Ik;mn
1<!7
yy'.oo
1 <tH
K.— An Acroiiiif i
forC
oii'<uni|it
iHs;
liiith inc
k.
S
liritisl
l'lHiitat;c
>•
11)3.
IS20
liift^'iiiii
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r^iiiita
IB-JU'
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liHIIOilH
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l:i(i."iii'.M
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l^tllllU
iHiUi
liil.l'j;:i
iKi;
im;].'.-.
QUANI
i
British
>■
I'lant.-itioi
1 ll>s.
mo
•A"<>-7;
iwi
as:ii:i()
IKJ-.'
ao7iH)()
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:iH-,fij,-,
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a.vtmm
1 "•-'!»
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n :)'.>:'!)()
1n:i3
l-':f.>i;H
ls:ii
lltiN(i,-|
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l»:«;:i')
iMfi
II'.'h;,-,^
ixii;
HIL'I!)!
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'"•'"• -J
:;
fO
tc s
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•1 X
o n
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, in
■» 71
7.
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it
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n .,
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111 'C C '* -
H-
APPKNDIX.
M.-^Coffee (lbs.) Impoitcd into the United Kingddin from the Uritihh West India Possessions.
.
1
Other
2
a
Jamaica,
Demerara.
Herbice.
Dominica.
Trinidad.
St. I.ucia.
Bahamas.
». \V. 1.
Total.
>•
Coloniis.
IUJI
lC(72():ifirt
•U7;uoi
JOHlyCH
171I24N
l(i()M44 1
20H432
.'..'S7yH4
(•.09."i2
2.''.97.'.200
IHJJ
lHH.i7(;i(;
7:t!MI:iM
L>M()1 l.-.C,
ll')(l()'.»fi
2C,K(I2S
I.JT'il
2434hM
.MM 48
309299C.4
hl'.J
lyod'.M'.H
I'lOiMirii
J07C)I »4
»'.)l'.)2;t2
;j:i()7:W)
3 7. .424
H91.''.2
73:.H|
29938384
IHUI
•>[>*i'<-s(\:u)
:.:i(;h|(;()
I'.lC.VtMH
2(>7C,1 14
ii.'ur.c.
2(l2()(tH
l.'-.H704
212.'><i7
349.'.97h3
l-r.
IKO'C'.MlK
:io7»73t;
•j(ai".)i:!
i:t:.;)2l4
13K2(IH
ir.2r,44
7Nlf,
48832
2497'<2('.|
)H2l'i
17m()1ji;:»
■i:t7l2:J2
wori'j.'ii
i;iH:,()(i2
1K73(I()
1I43H4
3,VJ,'.94
3112.1
2.'.1C..'.799
1H-J7
L'lHHllM.M
:«r)»!»i)'.H
•.'iMdlH-)
lllU'iHI',
llHlH'J
13H,t77
40H2
21904
290 1 1 80.'.
IHL'H
'2lH()(l()ii7
:tH2Jl;)J
i7',):(i;77
I I7t'.'.»(i'j;»
.'.4437
I3H102
147M1H
74r,ic.
29.'i999ri4
iHi.'J
iHCi'jocri-t
JOCMllH
J.NJKIM
'J 12144
73C,(;7
303499
l.'iHdf.
2.'J9<')I '
2iiHfi(>400
iM.'iO
I'.tV.VWl".
3U7IJC,
liMiCiyou
101 Civil
.'■.4.'-.(i2
11 3.-. 17
2270(;9
1727r,2
27f',02.'i41
IKil
i:.4:>(;7f',.i
i;»HM;}«r.
ir.Kr,402
CKlliC.O
17C.H
h:ioo7
W2:i37
15734
20()7(i9.'.t'.
Kl-'
iyi().'.;i:«:5
12007'J1
•2-2'J\ 197
1 I3:.()l(ll
91. '■.32
HI 5 12
3103r.
21H220
24(;73922
lKi3
ii.-. iHr)()(;
4t;i'.)0Ci7
iH()(;7(i2
h;i1h17
ir,Hi7()
r.2.'i93
4C.H 12
ri4('.7H
19008:«7.''.
1m;u
1M2C)Hhh;i
UHl'.IHO
loirifWiH
1 k'.);m;»2
1C,(»91.-.
9i'>004
4-..'.79
HHHOC
220MI327
1H.1.')
ll|-.i:i(i7
11 ;«;)();> 1
2():^7(i:i7
112.-..'>7
33()r,0
.'■|3,'>H2
2>'01,')C.
«;(;827
14H(Wi.'i80
lH;t(;
1 iH.'Ms.-iC,
lH:.;ior;M
i(ii4:»7y
1 :!'li,)2H4
1 r,3.'>39
3370H
! .•.1337
43280
1890342«;
ix;;7
yyr.oi;?!)
•2{)'j'.mi
30l«7()l
24M17-)
11480,'i
8.-.00
100,". 81
3ri44U
l.'.57588H
IS.'tH
1
1
K.— An Acodiiiit iif llic Qnniititics
for C'oii«im)iiti"ri, tlii' Kuti-s ul
IN37, biith iiicliiMlve.
of riirnii Iniiicrti'il Into niiil F.xportcil from tlic I'nitid Kiiiirildiii, tlir (Jnniilitii's dt'iirril
Duty and Nut Uk.'V(.'iiiie theruoD iu uucli Vi-ur, cuininviicinij: M\ January, from IHnu tu
QUANTITIES I.MI'ORTED.
QUANIITIES EXPORTED.
llritish
I'lHIltUtldll.
Foreign.
All Sorts.
lliiskHanil
bhclU.
fliDcilnti'
HI. " Cocoa
I'a to.
Hrifisli
Plantation.
Foreign .
1
All Sorts.
linsksanil
Shells.
(.lincolate
tnd CocoB
Pa^ttf.
U.S.
lbs.
II.H.
Il)».
II: ..
IbK.
U.S.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
IS'Jd
l(i(iJii<ll
13.1191)2
2397IM3
4(il!ll7
14
.M.',l),-i3
1 1:19378
18.-I.503I
^il
7Kl(i!)a
\r,iibn:i
2:151)1 11;.
48.11)33
:t3
432221
10(i7f),-|)
1 199891
Ih'J'J
(i!»()"i7I
l«54Kll.->
2.>.'il I71I
32111.10
5
5^3910
22ll).i32
28110 III2
ls-j;l
•J-.!.')Uh7
PillHI.'i'J
14:i,V2:i9
38;,fiji
llli
2.lll4li
727137
7 5,1 183
1441
IK'JI
liJ'.'HiKi:!
l73:).-.ii(!
27liHi29
•2!i:.i)92
18(ili
yo;,;!!
7072():l
798057
192
\»M
KinD.ilMi
•.'Ih:io.-i.'>
327437,^
3:iri(!93
10;)4
Ili220l
1:18,') -,37
15177:18
....
277
IH'Jt)
(iilHllH
l(i(ia,V'.l
2227:.(i.i
.'1190:17
18II7
:it)8.-ii9
l;i7;i79»
17i2ifi9
210
ISi7
51!).') II
I(l(ili22l
I{il-i7:l2
4li31l.'i
•2.1 1,-.
.'il()li24
2C11141I5
;ili;iiii89
....
1032
IbJM
•I.s;l71«
1 1 772H2
lli:i;(iii()
:i4i)7ir.
19.-.7
l:l8f)9
1 I3ll)li8
1 178,-,37
....
106
IS'JK
liHiiuim
2,'i2l)h3:.
32ii!i!i:i3
237:199
17x2
82471
1. -,92 142
Hi7i(ii3
....
211
Im;«)
74-.".'i9
1322331)
2nii.-iii(i
3iNr.:tli
lli-5
■29537
1.154357
13S.IN9I
.'ill.'iT
28:t
IH.II
U!)I!H7
1991171
3|s:ilis
282000
131(i
3li579
1 191552
15:11131
37
IBJi!
i..'tNi;i
•2311) 171.
2'.i7li)19
:i 19501
Ih:!.'.
77()00
172111)1)1
1 79821) 1
91
3rti
ihj:i
2lilUII2
2tlil71(i
4i)iis7in
.■ii:>l),s8
21124
;i9()()9
2:II220H
2.15)877
117
18;u
l:)fi.->()'j I
llil!lK7()
29Hlh9l
41110:19
3r.ll2
448lil3
175(il)73
220i.ll()
1985
isa.i
'l;i!ltin
lli7!»3lil
2IIKhl)l
273 UJl
2!IOl)
81233
2:t9!i90ll
2181 133
i;i74
640
iii:i(i
liil.l27;i
II749,''I
27«n224
4251)18
392b-
4(i.s.U
2857:13
332587
lli80U
171)8
1837
11)47 1'iA
liiu,')«75
2HA3UUII
411757
2398
H890O
M4370
93:1276
211)
gXJANTIT
lES CLEA
RED FOR
CONSU.MI
M'lON.
Cliocoltttc
and Cocoa
I'asti'.
RATE.S
F Dl'TY.
Clioeolate
and Cocoa
Paste.
a
>•
British
I'laiit.-itiuii. 1
1
Foreign.
All Softs.
1
(liisl<san(l
Sllt'118.
Kritish East
Plant. 1 India.
Foreign
llniikH
and
Klicils.
lbs.
lbs.
lbs.
U.S.
lbs.
.1. rf.
». ri.
K. <l.
«. It.
s. d .«. (/.
■f.
I4:>0
•27<)J77
44
27<i:t21
4(11917
14
1 u
1 C
2 6
I'riiliibltcd
143:19
1821
2H;li;ili
2U9
2h3735
48.-,9:ij
22
, ,
, ,
..
15110
\li-i-l
!J.i7"yo
4115
2O7195
32l'l!lO
5
. .
14031
W23
•JKfi43-2
2U5
2S(ifl.^7
32955(i
98
I
1 (i
2 (i
t) 4
1 9
15521
18'J4
317342
1599
318941
307251
1114
••
••
Il.Pos. K(ir.
21077
ma.-i
3lfi7)3
5I»
347251
:i(i72fis
901
(•)
9
I 3
i!
19 4 4
1 1295
IH'JIi
:i4 iii.'.r)
(i94
344771!
43.',77()
1512
, ,
12387
m;
3M.'lflL),^
16^
:iH579:i
4l:)9riH
1995
. ,
1:1237
IK2H
3.->40y8
31)9
354107
295991')
l!li)2
,.
,
. ,
11.556
IH'.'!)
3f.'!)l!0
11)927
393K47
244l:i9
1728
, ,
. .
11913
Ih;iii
422993
2379
425JH2
3IOUh'8
1324
..
l:lU22
I8:ll
491741
H005
.'S0280fl
3437H1
1257
. .
13329
I8:i2
11:12296
17897
II50I93
;i928;h
,475
2{
B.P. 2rf.
I'. P. erf,
}o 6
,{
to 4J* *
16902
I8:i3
1 232 178
31)109
12()H2H7
4l<llli8
19 II)
to 4 4 4
12026
Ih:ii
lltis67I
5124
1173795
4437h()
lliu3
..
11779
IMS
li.'.(37;ii)
441)
1 OH II 70
31)8222
211.17
ioi>9a
l^afi
11287,1 2
1411!
1131111)8
31)4141
2 nil)
..
11165
1M7
14 12191
4122
14l(j(il3
481170
2009
13922
Fast In
dia.— Import
I'll, iH2(), 17
libs. ; Ih:!0
, 82Slb-:. E
\ pel till, 18
.•)■>, Kiolb.s. Cleared for consump., if
126, 26lbs. ; 1830, lOlhs.
Husks H
11(1 SliCll> I
roliibltcMl 1
n GiiHl l)r
tuin, li)>t a
Iniiltcd In Ireland at 20 per cent, ac
1 valorem.
« CI)
X'l'l'ltl'.
1 Va
ate.
: Ho
th.
i
If'.-'-
wmmm
:1:. .
APPKNDIX.
O.— Pricn In Rngland (tsttwtlvtordutjr) of Went Imlln anil HpnnUli Mutii Prixluco.
Annattn, Fleg lli.
Hrn^lllctto , , ton
( Oclilnral, IlWck . . Ih.
Cocoa, VivHt India . —
(Irpnnila, flue red . —
Cofftc, cwt.—
Oril. Doiii, mill St. I.iicia .
(iiiiiil and line niiddlini; ,
Jumnlcii Orel.
(innd, flue, iinil middling .
lollop, coninion, W, I, III.
Afow Hoot ... —
< aHsia h'UtnIa . . cwt.
Kiidllc .... ton
SaMii|inrllla. llnnduraH . Ih.
Vera Cruz .
Tamarind)) . . . .vt.
(■int;er, cwt.—
Jnnmlca, flne scraped
lliiriiadoi'H ....
Hides, Sailed . . II).
liidiKO, Cnracco KloreK -
Copper and low ord. —
Mgnnin \'itiv . ton
LoKwuod, Jiiniaiea, picked —
MolaHveH ... —
NicuraKiin Wood, ton. —
Lar^e and Solid
Small . . . .
Fimcnto . . . .
Knm, per Bailor vpcr Sykcs's
llyd.omcter—
Jamaica I'.! to 1 1 ■>
Ditto l.t to IHJ
l)it'.> KH to :tn
Stroiii;e!-t Jamaica cwt.
Demcrara . . —
Tobacco, St. Donilnf;o Leaf —
Siigar, 11. 1'. Muscovado —
Jamaica, flne . . —
(iood Urowii . . —
Ilavanna'n, fine while —
Ditto yellow .
IH'ifl
.
.*•. ».
(/.
U
t
1» 1)
4
1
II
:l II
II
i n
n
:i '2
II
1 |-.
II
■2 1.-.
*i
1 IH
II
»J
1
II
10 17
1)
II I
3
a 1
t
11 N
fi
11 IH
It
II II
-i
II i:i
II
II I!
II
14 H
H
7 .1
II
1 3
a.'i 4
17 »
II
Vi
2
10
a
1)
II a
H
II a
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•3 I702!3h()0()7l isfcw
1, I802I8.531175 aiii.V'ii
■§ I.1822|702fi215 Mmd;
[The 'Ipures in this
tahle are dciivrd fnim
a chart prepnri'il hy
Crnsar Korean in 1H'J:I.
and prouiidedtio iMiblic
documents.]
API'KNDIX.— WKST INDIES.
IBilll,
f.l!.
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I i II
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II I It
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8'iii|7ii'.i6ai5 5iiaoa67
717
raH
755
I
'he fljjurcs In tliis
r.re duiivrd from
tiart pieparril liv
nr Korraii m l«i.
proiiiidrcl III! iHiWu'
iinviitS'J
(J. — The annual Importation at the principal ports of Orrat Hrltain of Plantation nugnr in cask:!) from
IH:!3 to \HX\ wan :—
In Cankt.
IflS:). I H24. 1H2.'>.
I.iinilon .
Llvirpdol
Bi'iHtuI, &c.
(Ivilc
Total
iri'jooo ir,;tj()o |.jf.loo
iCiH.'io jr.Moo :i9.'>ori
31 MOO 31000 2N30O
L'f.3('0 L'.l'iOO 2.')'J00
iNjr..
IHU
|M2K. |H2'J.
|ft30. 1«:U. I«32, 1H33.
ifiH7<>o 1 iHOoo'ivoooo ir.23oo i.*.'.»ooo i.'i.'iHoo I i.-iooo 1:11000
liHoo: 37.')00 a.'s.'iool 437001 .ii»oo(i| 4sooo 4.">ooo
31700 2.1200 3.'>f.(m 34000| 30000| 32000! 27900
2r,C,Oo| 27mO() 31000 324001 2'.»0O0l 30200 30400
.'03 l.'iO 2C()II00 _'3'JH00
41^000
2<U)00
3 1 ,'iOO
2fiHMOO,23H.')00 28H 1 00.272400 200000 2Cr,0OO'>4H300 237.')00
IX.—SlitnumianwM in Jamaku.
l-'rom the period of the Hmt rcRistration of slavei!,
June 2y, HI 7, to 2Htli Juiii', IH2fc Mnnuminsioiis
|iol(l for, IrtlH, 201; Irtl'J, 224; IH20, 211; lH21,
.'Cii; 1K22, 17rt; lH2.t,20'J; 1H24, l'.»7 ; 1H2.'>, 20rt ;
|H2f>, l'.)7; total, l.K.M. (irntiiltoiis Manumissions,
lx|H,r.77; 1M1'J,3.".<; ; IH20,337; Is;;!, 3(W. ; 1H22,
■1*1; 1H23, 23f. ; IH24, 24('>; 1n2.'>, 23s ; |m2C., 2()H ;
totsl, 2,H31. Total Miuiiiniissions, iKlH, Klrt; InI!»,
.'iH((; 1M20, :A><: IH21,C,32; lH22,4ri.-); lH23,4i:i;
IH24, 443; 1H2.'), 440; 1H26, 40.'); Grand Total,
4,7H2.
8.— BXPKxinri'nit or .fjii.noo.oim.
Return to an AililrpHs nf the Hon. flic llniisc nfCominiiiis,
ilati'il Dri'i'inher 4, I Ha;, tor uii Afi-niint ii( tlic Avi'mifeii
iir.siili's In tilt' KevernI C'oliinieiiaRVcti'il liy llii- Actiorllic
Al'olilliiii iif Shivery, iipon wlii'-li tliu sum oC (."^n.iiDii.iiiiil,
»(it((l ai t;i)m|iciis«tl<iii to the Owiiits oI slavts, was ap.
piirticiied ainoDi; the several CiiIoiiIch ; of the I'eiioils for
wliirh those Averuice!! were taken ; and of the rate of
Cuiiipoiiiiation per lieud vvhloli waii allotted to each.
Colony.
8 .
0-1
Averases of
Sales <:f Slaves
from
o
■2
«■«
?l
?!
CD
c
n
a
H
¥
.*• s.
d.
.*'
H.
d.
.*•
lU'rmuda
4aua
V 4
\\i M
in
!,
.'ill.184
Hiilinmii!!
1I7II,'.
•-':» 11
\)i \-i
II
\\
ijxa4u
.lanmlcH
aiifipj
41 1,1
•-'i' 1!)
i.'i
■<i'
ni(iii./'.'7
lloniliiras ,,
IP'-'II fjo 4
74 .VI
li
(M
Huii.n^
VIrKiii Island .,
.MP'ij ai 10
If 14
•i
10,'
7-.'!) Ill
Aiitiiiiia
ap.'ia;, aa i-a
III) 14
M
a
4-J.jhr(tJ
MoHtsorrat
tia.').-il a(i 17
Iliji If)
■^
•i,'
iiia,v.8
NcvlH
H71".'! an a
iH' i;
2
71
I.'i 11107
St. Kitts
-.'iifiim' art (i
i»i' 111
la
(I*
a.iiiiaii
llnnilnica . .
liaH4 4J H
r^ ID
M
!M
a7.iU.M
Ilarliadiic!) . .
8JH07 47 1
a) '.'()
1.1
Mi
l7'Jiai.-.
(ircnaila
•i:\:,M>, ,',() ft
II 'Jfl
I
4^
liiiitil
St. Vincent's
aj(iii7, 5s (1
8 , art
III
7^
.V.)'.'.-|IIS
Tobaifo
llliJil 4.'> Vi
OJ '.'Il
a
74
yaiiitU
St. I.ucla
la.iih .'>ii iri
7 1 -'i
a
4
a;i.-ilia7
Trinidad
•i'ia.v.i lo.'i 4
51 ,VI
1
IJ
liiaiMl!)
liritish (iiiiana
H4!)l.'> 114 II
.1} ,M
17
M
4'.'!I7117
(apeiif (iiiiid Hope
aH4'J7i 73
11
34
11
I'J47I0I
Mauritiuii ,,
(ixOia
% 14
3
ai
ID
li
'i\\H\.\i
Total .. ..
780i)9a
'JOOflUIIUII
T. — Value op West India Colonies.
Estimated value of W. I. Colonies hefoiv .'•iRve eman-
ci|mtion in pounds sterling; Jamaica, .''>.><, 12.'^i,2'JH/. ;
Barhadoes, y,OH'.),(;;'.o/. ; Antigua, 4,304, 'Jiio/. ; Si.
Kitts, 3,7h3,HOO/. ; Nevis, l,7.'^i0,ll)f./. ; Mimtscrrat,
l,OH7,44li/.; Virgin Isles, 1,0<»3, >i)0/. ; nniiiuln,
4,'J94,3f..y. ; St. Vint"nt, 4,000,800/.; Dominica,
3,056,000/. ; Trinidad, 4,932, "O.'i/. ; nnhsuuas,
2,04 [..ino/. ; nermudai, 1,111,000/.; Tubiigo,
2,fi.S::,!)20/. ; Heinerara and Essequilio, lK,410,4f0/.;
Berbice, 7,41, '^,,100/. ; St. Lucia, 2,r)29,00()/. ; total,
131,0.52,424/.
b
U. — K»TIM.\TKS VOTKD IN P.MtLI AM KNT lOK THE
Wkst Indian C'olonikb for the year 1H3K.39,
An estimate of the Amount that will he required
from the 1st April lM3Htothe :Ust of March I k39,
to di'Iriiy the cluiri:!' of llic salaiirs of the (ioveriuirs,
I ii'iit,-(joveruors, and othrrs. In ller .Majesty's West
India Colmiirs. (iov.-iii-chii f of .\iiti';iia, Doniiiiiea,
St. Christopher's, and their di pendencies, 3,000/. ;
Lieut. -Ciov. of Dominica, l,:)()0/. ; Lieut -Gov. of St.
(.'hri.stopher's, 1,300/.; Gov. -in-chief of Uarlmdoes,
St. Viiici lit, (Ireiiiula, and ToliaKo, 4,000/.; I.ieut.-
Gov.of St. Vincent, l,!!Oii/. ; l.ieut.-Gov. of (iniiadn,
1,300/.; Lieiit.-liov.of Toha^o, 1,300/.; I.iuut.-Ciov.
of liiiliainus, I,'.i00/. ; secretaries to the Govs. -in-chief
of Ilarhadin's and .\nti(,'iia, each 300/. a year, Ooo/. ;
allowance to Gov.-in-chiif of Anti:.;iia, \e. on nci Mint
of clerks and stationery, 300/. ; allowance to (iov. -in-
chief of Harhadoes, &c. on account of clerks, l.'.')0/. ;
the olVicer administering the goveriiiiient of Torloin,
MOO/.; chief justice of Tortola, \lf*L; i liief justice of
An}juilla, 200/.; Lieut. -tiov. of Greiwula,* 27:!/.;
Lieut.-Gov. of Doininica,* 300/.; total, 17,007/.
• These Lieut- Governorships are aholished on va-
cancies.
I'.stimatc of the charge of defrayin:; the Civil llsta-
hllshment of the Hahama Islands, from the 1st day
of April, lH:t8, to the 31st day of Miurli, 1H39. —
Charge for one year, as proposed to hi' voted by Par-
liament ; and other enioluinent.s of olVicers liorne on
the estimate, as retiiriud to the Secretary of State,
fur 1830: Sahiriis of the Jiidj;es, t'OO/. ; Colonial
Saliuies, 0.''0/. ; total, 1,1.")0/. Attorney Gemial, l.'O/.;
Colonial Salary, 2i:t/. ; fees, no return; total, VyM.
I'rovost Marshal, l.'iO/. ; Coloiiiid Salary, :^l.'l/. ; fees,
40/. ; ditto as Marshal of Admiralty Court, 2.")/.; total,
4.'')M/. Itector of Chri.st Church Parish, 70/. ; C;,lonial
Salary, 270/.; fees, no return; ditto as Chaplain to
the Assembly, no return ; total, 3 l(i/. Rector of St.
Mathevv's Parish, 70/. ; Colonial Salary, 270/. ; fees,
no return ; total, 340/. For the maiiitciiiince of. the
female children of the late (i. II. We;;;;, Ksq., formerly
Attorney (ieiu'ral iind Ju(li;e of the Admiralty of West
I'lorida, l.Mi/. ; expense of mail boat, 450/. (irand
total, 3,081/.
Kstimated expense of maintainiii'^' the newly erected
Lighthouses at Abaco and Gun Key in the Kalianms.
— For the LiL'hthoiise at Abaco : Salary of principal
lightkeeper, TO/.; ditto assistant ditto, 30/.; rations
lor the nun, and half ditto for their wives, at OJi/. for
the full daily ration, 2'.)/. ; oil and stores for lighting,
297/. ; repairs, boat-hire, stationery, and i/tber inci-
dents, 100/. The saini^ for the lighthouse at Gun
Key, .')20/. ; total for one year, 1,0.''>H/. Charge for
the Civil Kstablishment, as above, l,'j4o/. Grand
total, 2,993/.
Ml
I av
M^>|f|
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
1.0
I.I
l^|2^ |2.5
£ U£ 12.0
1-25 i 1.4
i
1.6
Z
:^:)
Photographic
Sciences
Corporation
''^V^
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. I45S0
(716) 872-4503
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10 APPKNDIX.— WKST INDIF.S.
KsTiMATKS rimlinurd.
I'".stiiu»tt' c)t' tlu> (!lmis;r of dofrnyinf; tho Civil Estn-
lilislniicnt of till' lU'iintidiis, in Ami?ii(Mi, from tlu> 1st
(lay of Apiil, |h;1s, to tlii' :tlst diiy of Maicli, IHI!'.). —
('lim};i' proposed to be voted liy I'lirliiiiiUMit ; mid
other omohmii'nts of olliccrs boriic on tlii' estiiiwito,
ns rcturiu'd to tlie Si'i-rotary of State, f<ir IH'M't :
Sulnry of the (loveriior, l.riOO/. ; Ditto, forimrly piii<l
from the l', per cent, fund, ('i'.)'.(/. ; Colonial Salary,
5Ii.'U. ; salary from rpiit-rents, Ti-j/. ; fees, liJd/. ; total,
:i,()ll/. Salary of Chief Justice, HOO/. ; fees, I'M.;
total, H l;i/. Salary of Colonial Secretary, T)')!)/. ; fees,
rj'Jl/. ; total, l,o'7l/. Salary of Attorney (ieneral,
CM)I ; fees, iWl. ; salary from (|uit-rents, l(i()/. ; total,
C,C,\/. I'ension to lute Chief Justice, 400/. (J rand
total,. '■..ilHfJ.
I'lstiniate of the ))rol)al)le CNpense of providin^c for
the Convict llnlk l",stahlislunent at llonu' and at
Hernuida, for the year iHilH, endin^' lilst March, IH.'iy.
— Knijland : To provide for 1,h(1() convicts in health,
victuallini; and necessaiies, at l.jiL per man per (hem,
I2,HIH/. ; to provide for 100 convicts in sickness,
victualling and necessaries, at '.)i/. per man per diem,
1,3fis/. ; clothing for 1, '.)()() corivicts, including; bed-
ding, at -10.«. per man per annum, ,'!,S0()/. ; extra suits
for H,.'"i00 convicts, proposed to be sent to New South
W'ales and Vai\ Diemen's Land, at ll.s'. each, 2,4.')0/. ;
wages of olliccrs and guards, 9,70(1/. ; medicines for the
sick, 200/. ; naval stores and repairs of the bulks, .100/. ;
contingent charges, 1,000/.; total at home, Hl,:!:t(;/.
Bermuda : To provide for ()'.)0 convicts in health,
victualling and necessaries, at ><iil. jier ninn iierdieivi,
H.i.ni*/. ; to provide for 10 sick convicts, at 2s. per
man per diem, .S ('),')/. ; clothing and bedding for 700
prisoners, at ;<0.s-. per man per annum, 1,0"'0/.; wages
of officers and guards, 3,200/.; victualling ditto, at l.s-.
|)er man per diem, 820/. ; naval stores and repairs of
the hidks, ,")00/. ; incidental expenses, .'" ()()/. ; total at
Hermuda, I'l,.'!,')-!/. ; total at home, 31,;i;i()/ ; total
estimated expense, lO.dyo/.
\V. — Education.
Appropriation in detail of the respective sums of
2."), 000/. each, voted by Parliament in the sessions of
18.'5.') and 183G, for the jiromotion of negro education;
specifying the colony and station, number of scholars
each school will contain, estimated cost, and portion
defrayed by Parliament.
Society for the Prnpngation of the Gospel.
Jamaica. St. Catherine, Spanish Town, 200 scho-
lars, cost 4.'')0/. ; St. Ann's, St. Ann's Day, 100, 300/.;
Kingston, Kingston, 120, 4.')0/. ; St. Thomas in the
East, iSlorant Hay, 180, 200/.; St. David's, Yallahs,
•JO, 200/ ; St. George's, Annotta Hay, 80, 200/. ;
Westmorland, Savanna la Mar, 180, 3.''i0/. ; St. Eliza-
beth, BIncV River, 180, 3.")0/. ; Hanover, l.ucca, 180,
3.">0/. ; St. James, Montego 15ay, 200, 350/. ; Trelaw-
nev, Falmouth, 12.'>, 300/.; St. Andrew's, Mountain
District, l.'iO. 2r.O/. From grant for 183.')-ri. St
John's, Lindas, 100,22."./.; St. Dorothy. Old Harbour,
100, 22.")/.; St. Thomas in the Vale, 80, 180/.; Cla-
rendon, Chnpelton, 100, 22,">/. ; Vere, 100, 22.'')/.;
St. Mary's, Manning's Town, 90, 200/. ; Ditto, Boy-
lands, 90, 200/.; St. Ann's, Brown's Town, 90, 200/.;
Manchester, 80, 180/.; Kingston, 120, 200/.; Port
Royal, 110, 225/.; St. George's. Hope Bay, 80, 180/.;
Ditto, Bulf Bay, 80, 180/.; Trelawncy, Stewart Town,
80, 180/.; Ditto, Rio Bueno, 80, 180/.; Portland,
near Port Antonio, 90, 180/.; Caymana Islands, 110,
225/. From grant for 183(5-7.
Bahamas. Harbour Island, 80 scholars, cost 250/. ;
from grant for 1835-r); Turk's Island, 80, 200/.;
ditto, it<3C.-7.
lloiiilnms; Near I'clize, 80 scholars, cost 1 80/. ;
from grant of 1h;i(",-7.
liaihtiiloc.i. St. Michael's, 1 10 scholars, cost 225/ ;
Christ Church, 140, 180/.; St. Philip's, Fowl Bav
District, 110, 150/.; St. Joseph's, 110, jlT,/.; St.
Andrew's, 140, 225/.; St. Lucy's, 14(1, 225(. ; St.
Peter's, 140, 180/.; St. Thonuis's, ICO, IJO/. ; St.
Paul's, 140, 200/.; St. Mattliew's, 140, 150/.; from
grant of lH35-(;; Christ Church, 140, 225/.; St.
Thomas's, 140, 225/.; ditto I8;',(;.7.
Toli<iu:n. St. David's, 140 scholars, cost 225/. ;
from grant of I835.(>.
.S7. Lucia. C'astries, 140 scholars, cost loo/. ; from
grant of Is;i5-r,.
(liriKi'hi. St. George's, 130 scholars, cost 225/.;
Cariacou, 200,210/.; from grant of 1835. Ci; Char-
lotte Town, U;0, 250/. ; ditto, l.'<3(',.7.
lirilisli (liiiana. l'',sse(piil)o, St. John's, I 10 scho-
lars, cost 200/.; Ditto, Trinity, 320, 100/.; Demerara,
St. Matthew's, 250, 200/. ; Ditto, St. George's, 140,
100/.; lierbice, New Amsterdam, 140, 200/.; from
grant of 1835-0 ; Demerara, on (^mningsberg Canal,
140, 350/.; Ditto, St. Swithin's, 140, ,350/. ; Essc-
(piibo. Tiger Island, 140,250/.; Ditto, Hog Island,
140, 250/.; Ditto, St. Luke's, 140, 350/.; ditto,
183(;-7.
Aiiliiiita. St. Paul's, ICnglish Harbour, 140 scho-
lars, cost 400/.; St. Mary'.s, 140, 180/.; St. Peter's,
140, I'^O/. ; St. (ieorge's, 140, 10(V. ; St. Philip's,
ISO, 100/.; St. Ste|)lun's, 140, 100/.; Central school,
110,300/.; from grant of 1835.f, ; St. Luke's, 140,
225/.; Falmouth, 140, 225/.; Valley Chapel, 140,
225/.; ditto 1830-7. For infant schools— at Wat-
son's, St. Philip's parish, 100, 100/.; Room's, 100,
100/.; Eliot's, 100, 100/.; Archibald's, 100, 100/.;
Mever's, St. Paul's, 100, 100/. ; Falmouth, 100, 100/,;
Bodkin's, 100, 100/.; Osborne's Pasture, St. John's,
100, 100/.; St. Luke's, 100, 100/.; Five Islands, St.
Mary's, 100, 100/.; Valley Chapel, 100, 100/.; Rus-
sell's, 100, 100/. ; New Division, St. Peter's, 100,
100/.; Duer's, 100, 100/.; Cocoa-nut Hall, 100,10(1/.;
Cotton New Work, St. George's, 100, 100/.; Weir's,
100, 100/.; Sir George Thomas's, 100, 100/.; from
grant of 183(;-7.
Montscrnit. St. Peter's, north-east quarter, 1 ID
scholars, cost, 225/., from grant of 1835.C.. St. Pa-
trick's, 140, 200/., ditto 1836-7. Barbuda, 140, 200/.,
ditto, 1835-f..
St. Christopher's. Basseterre, 140 scholars, cost
200/., from grant of 1835-C. St. Ann's, 140, 1.50/.,
ditto, 1830-7.
Nevis. Newcastle, 140 scholars, cost 150/., from
grant of 1835-0. St. Paul's, 140, 150/., ditto 1830-7.
Angnilla, 140, 200/. ; Virgin Islands, Virgin Gorda,
140, 140/.; Dominica, St. Patrick's, 140,200/.; ditto
St. Joseph, 140, 300/. ditto, 1835-0.
Bermudas. Pembroke, 140 scholars, cost 225/.
ditto, 140, 2l'5/, ; ditto, 140, 225/.; Sandys, 110,
225/.; Warwick, 140, 225/.; Devonshire, 140,225/.,
from grant of 1835-0.
Mauritius. Cost, 1,000/. Total cost, 22,240/,
Portion defrayed by Parliament, 14,000/.
Church Missionary Society.
Jamaica. St. Thomas in the F^ast, Port Morant,
100 scholars, cost 250/.; ditto. Long Bay, 100, 250/.;
St. George's, Birnam Wood, 100, 250/.; Hanover,
Phoenix, 100, 250/.; St. Elizabeth's, Bona Vista, lOd,
250/.; Ditto, Appleton's, 100, 250i. ; Manchester,
Elstree, 100, 250/. ; Ditto, Pratvillc, 100, 250/. ; ditto,
ditto, 100, 250/.
Trinidad, Naparima, South, San Fernando, 100
AIM'KNDIN.— \Vi:ST IXDIKS.
II
s, 1(10,
01), 10(1/. ;
Wciv's,
01)/. ; from
laitcr, lilt
St. Pa-
lo, 2001..
M
..')0/., fniin
ittolSHC,.?.
ill Gorila,
iOO/. ; ditto
it, 22.240/.
ort Miiraiil,
100, 2.^0/.;
; Hanover,
a Vista, 100,
Manclicster,
250/. ; tlilto,
rnando, 100
M'holiu.s, <;ost 2'p()<. ; dIUo, ditto, SuViiiina (iniiidu,
100, 2.''>0/.
lUilisk Oninivi. Doniprai'u, St. Matthew's, 100
scliolars, cost 2'M. ; ditto, ditto, 100, 2.'>0/ ; ncrbice,
near Achlyiic, on the cast coast, 100, 2.'>0/. ; ditto,
ditto, 10I),'l'.')0/.
Knim Kraiit of lH,'i.'').;<r), for Jamaica, 'i'riiiidad and
liritish Guiana, 2,.'')00/
Jiniiairu. 7 sciiools of 100 scliolars each, at a cost
of 1 ,7.'')0/.
Trinidad. '2 schools of 100 schohirs each, at a
cost of TjOO/. Total, ('.,000/. Troni },'innt of IS.'iC)-",
for Jamaica and 'rrini(hid, 'J/i'J \L Portion dcfiayrd
hy Parliament, .'!,'.»'.) 1 ; to which add 1,1.'0()/. to he ap-
plied to the maintenance of .schoolmasters, in a pro-
portion not exeee<liO^ one-third in I'ach case. Total,
ri,iyi/.
H'cslrjiiin Missiiniiiri/ Snciclij.
.Intiffiiii. I'arham, cost liOO/. ; St. John's, oUO/. ;
Lion's Hill, 21)01.
Doniiiiicii. (Jraiid Hay, cost ;iOO/.
Mdiiiscrnit, cost, 120/.
iS'rri.i. (iini;;erland, cost ,'!0()/.
.';''. ChrinUtplii'i-. Halfway Tree, cost 2.''i0/.
lU'iiiitidii. Hamilton, cost 200/.
SI. i'innnl. Kingstown, cost 400/.
(iicjKid/i. Monie Jaloon, New Hampshire, 100/.
Pviiicnini. St. Mary's, cost ;{2.'i/. ; Arabian Coast,
:'.:;■,/.
Iinrl)udiii:s. Speiglit's Town, cost liOO/. ; Scotland,
2101.
.htiiiiiiat. Kingston, cost (']")()/.; Spanisli Town,
■.ml.; Manchester, If.O/. ; Vere, 2.'i0/. ; Uratefol
Hill, ;iOO/. ; liatli and Morant Bay, .'",00/. ; I'almouth
and Duncans, ;<')()/. ; Ramble, . '520/, ; New Shellield,
li.'.O/. ; total cost, 7,.'^iOO/.
From grants for 18:i")-G, and \H'.i1, for the above
schools; the lists for the resiicctive years not being
ilistinguished. I'ortion defrayed by Parliament,
.S,0()0/.
Morariiin Misiioniinj Socii'tij.
T(ihri!:;u. St. Patrick's, Montgomery, 200 scholars,
cost 300/.
Uitrliadncx. St. Thomas's, Sharon, 200 scholars,
cost l.'')0/. ; St. John's, Mount Tabor, 200, .^OO/.
St. Chiistopher. St. George's, Basseterre, .'JOO scho-
lars, cost 4.10/.
Anli'^ua. St. Mary's, Grace Bay, l.^O scholars,
cost '.'40/.
Jmiwira. Manchester, Fairfield, 200 scholars, cost
3f.O/ ; St. Elizabeth, N. Fulnec, l.'')0, 270/. ; Ditto,
N. Eden, 100, I HO/.
From grant of ISI^.'^-fi, portion defrayed by Par-
liament, of above schools, I,.')00/.
Jiiniiiicd. St. Elizabeth, Bethany, in Mile Gully,
liOO scholars, cost 270/.; Ditto N. Bethlehem, l.''.0,
240/.; Ditto Irvin Hall, 120, 210/. Ditto N. Beau-
tort, 100, 180/.
St. Chri.stnidwr. Bethesda, 300 scholars, cost 3f.0/.
Il'irliiidoi's. Bridgetown, 300 scholars, cost 3'.)0/.
.Intifii/it. Five Islands, 100 scholars, cost I.^O/.
Total cost to Moravian Missionary Society, 4,0.')0/.
Grant of 1830-7, portion defrayed by Parliament of
above schools, 1,200/.
Total efrayed by Parliament on account of Mo-
ravian Missionary Society, 2,700/.
Iiajiti.it Mi.<<sionanj Sorictii.
■lamaica. Montcgo Bay, l.'')0 scholars, cost 770/. ;
Mount Carey, 200, 700/. Trelawney, Falmouth, 220,
f>W)l. • ditto Wilberforce, 200, .'iOO/. From grant of
m-,.t;, defrayed by Parliament, 1,100/.
■Iiimaicd. Trelawney, Highgatc, cost 'JOO/, ; ditto
Passage l''ort, 2'iO scholars, DOO/. St. James's, liOO,
<.>r,Ot. Total cost, ">,ll.'0/. From grant of Ik;((;-7, de-
frayed by Parliament, 1,100/.
Total defrayed by Parliament on account of Baptist
Missionary Society, ii,:iO()/.
I,adifs' AV'i'/o l''(liiriiti(in Snrifti/.
Antigua. St. Jolm's Itectory, infant school-house,
cost, 33.')/. From Parliamentary grant of l«3.')-ri,
120/.
.Iiimaicn. I'aiilield, Uefuge School-house, cost
(loo/. From I'arliainentary grant of IH.iCi-/, IOO/.
Total cost, '.)3,')/.
Total defrayed by Parliament on account of above
society, 220/ ; to which add for the salary of school-
masters, to be applied in a jiroportion not exceeding
one-third of such exi>ense in I'ach case, l.'iO/. Total,
370/,
l.oidiin Mi.i.sianiiri/ ftiicii'lij.
.laiiiaira. Eight school-bouses, stations not yet
specilied.
Hiilish (liiiniiit. Deinerara, three school-houses ;
I'erbice, live ditto. Total cost 4,'i33/. From Parlia-
mentary grant, 3,000/.
J(//»<(ic(/, four schools ; Ihili.sh (liiiann, five schools,
cost 3, l.'iO/. ; Cn]}!' of (liKiil lldjir, nine schools, 4,(i7.'>/.
Fioui I'arliamentary grant of lH;?r)-7, 4,.'i33/. Ci.v. 8'/.
'I'olal (lefrayt'd by Parliament on account of above
society, 7, .533/. Ov. M.
Scdtti.sli Mla.sidlliinj Sorirtij.
.lamaica. Hanover, I.ucea; Ditto Green Island;
St. James's, luisthains ; Ditto eastern part of Mr.
Waddell's district ; Hampden, on the borders of Tre-
lawney ; in a populous district to the north of Hamp-
den ; St. Mary's, Port Maria; in the country part of
same district; Carron Hall, al)ont 12 miles from
Port Maria; in the same district; cost of the above,
2,J.'>0/. From Parliamentary grant of 1830-7, 1,")00/.
'I'lir (iorcniar i./' Trinailad.
.IOO/. from I'arliamentary grant of l«3.')-ri, to be
applied in aid of voluntary subscriptions or grants of
the colonial legislature for building school-houses.
Tlie llurernor of liailiadufs.
400/. from Parliamentary grant of 183(>.7, to be
api)lied in aid of voluntary subscriptions, or grants of
the local legi.slatures in the islands of Grenada and
St. Vincent's.
The Giirernor of .lamaica.
500/. from Parliamentary grant of lH35-('(, for Nor-
mal schools to Jamaica Metropolitan School, in con-
nexion with the British and Foreign School Society,
and to be conducted on their plan and principles.
The (iorenuir oft hi' litilt'inia.i.
700/. from Parliamentary giant of 1835-fi, for Nor-
mal schools ; and (■)/. I'.».v. 4(/. from grant of 1830-7
to the Normal .school at Nassau, under Mr.M'Swincy ;
and 0/. I'l.v. 4d. from grant of 18:i0-7, to make u\>
salary to Mr. M'Swiney, for one year.
The Trustri's of thi: Muu Cliariti/.
.hiiiiaini. 44 schools; sum expeniUd, 13,090/.,
from Parliamentary grant of 1835-0, 2,000/.
Anli>iua. From Parliamentary grant of 1835-C,
8O0/.
Mail ril ills. Six schools; sum expended, 1,1 1:.'/.,
from Parliamentary grant of 1835-0, 1,000/.
Mauritius. From Parliamentary grant of I835-G,
780/.
.lainuicn, Maurilius, Trinidad, Barhadncx, St.
lAicia, ami Dmninica. 4,000/. from Parliamentary
grant of 1830-7, to be applied at the discretion of the
trustees in aid of their funds in any of these colonics
to the purposes of Negro education. Three schools
in Barbadoeg. Sum expended, 1,000/,
MM'-
1.1
\H
12
Al'l'ENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
Education cnntinued.
Appropriation of the Sums of 25,000/. each, voted by Parliament in the Years 1835 and 1836 for the
promotion of Negro Education.
EoUCATK
Schedule slic
Name of Society or Agency.
Sums granted
from Parliamen-
tary Vote of
1835.
Sums granted
from Parliamen-
tary Vote of
183r..
Total Granted
from Votes of
1835 and 1h36.
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
Church Missionary Society
Wesleyan ditto - ditto
Moravian ditto - ditto
Baptist ditto - ditto
Ladies' Nc.i^ro Education Society
London Missionary Society
Trustees of the Mico Charity
The Governor of the Bahamas
The Governor of Jamaica
The Governor of Rarhadoes
Tiie Scottish Missionary Society
The Governor of Trinidad
£. s. d.
7500
2500
3000
1500
1100
120
3000
4580
700
500
500
£. s.
7ir.o
2G94
2000
1200
1100
250
4533 6
4000
6 19
400
1500
d.
8
4
£. s. d.
14fiG0
5194
5000
2700
2200
370
7533 f; 8
8580
706 19 4
500
400
1500
500
£.
25000
24844 6
49844 6
1
Balance unappropriated
Total Sum voted
£.
£.
155 14
50000
Name of Soc
or other
Co-operating A
Schedule showing the appropriation in detail of the
Grant of 20,000^ voted by Parliament in the year
1835, in aid of the Building of School-houses for
the Instruction of the Emancipated Negro Popula-
tion.
Sncieti/ for the Propat^ation of the Gospel.
Jamaica, 12 schools, 1,725 scholars; Caymanas,
1 school, 110 scholars; Bahamas, 1 school, 80 scho-
lars ; Honduras, 1 school, 80 scholars ; Barbadoes,
10 schools, 1,220 scholars; Tobago, 1 school, 140
scholars ; St. Lucia, 1 school, 140 scholars; Grenada,
1 school, 130 scholars ; Carriacou, 1 school, 200 scho-
lars ; British Guiana, 5 schools, 990 scholars; Anti-
gua, 7 schools, 1,020 scholars; Montserrat, 1 school,
140 scholars; Barbuda, 1 school, 140 scholars; St.
Kitts, 1 school, 140 scholars; Nevis, 1 school, 140
scholars: Aiiguilla, 1 school, 110 scholars; Virgin
Islands, 1 school, 140 scholars ; Dominica, 2 schools,
280 scholars ; Bermudas, 3 schools, 420 scholars.
Total schools, 52. Total scholars, 7,395. Defrayed
by Parliamentary grant, 7,500/. ; from other sources,
3,750/.
Church Missionary Svcietj/.
British Guiana, 4 schools, 400 scholars; Trinidad,
2 schools, 200 scholars; Jamaica, 9 schools, 1,810
scholars. Total schools, 15. Total scholars, 2,400.
Defrayed by Parliamentary grant, 2,500/. ; from other
sources, 1,250/.
Wesleyan Missionary Society.
Antigua, 2 schools, 470 scholars; Dominica, 2
schools, 230 assumed number of scholars ; Montser-
rat, 1 school, 60 assumed number of scholars; Nevis,
1 school, 200 scholars ; St. Kitts, 1 school, 100 scho-
lars ; Tortola, 1 school, 130 scholars; Bermudas, 1
school, 200 scholars ; St. Vincent, I school, 300 scho-
lars; Grenada,! school, 150 scholars; Barbadoes,
2 schools, 200 scholars ; British Guiana, 2 schools,
200 scholars; Bahamas, 2 schools, 300 scholars;
Jamaica, 2 schools, 200 scholars. Total schools, 19.
Total scholars, 2,740. Defrayed by Parliamentary
grant, 3,000/. ; from other sources, 1,500/.
London Missionary Society.
Jamaica, 8 schools, 900 scholars ; British Guiana,
8 schools, 1,100 scholars. Total schools, 16. Total
scholars, 2,000. Defrayed by Parliamentary grant,
3,000/.; from other sources, 1,553/.
Moravian Missionary Society.
Tobago, 1 school, 200 scholars; Barbadoes, 2
schools, 400 scholars ; St. Kitts, 1 school, 500 scho-
lars ; Antigua, 1 school, 150 scholars; Jamaica, H
schools, 540 scholars. Total schools, 8. Total scho-
lars, 1,790. Defrayed by Parliamentary grant, 1,500/.;
from other sources, 750/.
Baptist Missionary Society.
Jamaica, 4 schools, 770 scholars; defrayed by
Parliamentary grant, 1,100/.; from other sources,
2,370/.
Ladies Negro Education Society.
Antigua, 1 school, 220 assumed number of scho-
lars ; Defrayed by Parliamentary grant, 120/.; from
other sources, 215/.
Governor of Trinidad.
Trinidad, 3 schools, .issumed number of scholars,
450 ; defrayed by Parliamentary grant, 500/. ; from
other sources, 250/.
Trustees of the Mico Charity.
Mauritius, C schools ; assumed number of scholars,
900 ; defrayed by Parliamentary grant, 780/. ; from
other sources, 780/.
Total number of schools, 124; ditto scholars,
18,665; ditto expense defrayed by Parliaincntaiy
grants, 20,000/. ; ditto from other sources, 11,318/.
Lord Sligo, Go
of Jamaica.
The Governor o
hamas.
Trustees of the
Charity.
Trustees of the I
Charity.
Trustees of the J
Charity.
Total
Mas;netic Beari
principal Places ii
Cialera, the N.E.
magnetic bearing
Point, the S.W. p,
to Little Tobago,
lines in Grenada, :
Tobago to the S.
Great Courland l?a
badoes, N.N.E. i I
to the Dragon's M
ditto to Fort Jem
L3(;; ditto to Cari
W.S.W., 110; dit
part, W. A s., 90 ;
cent, W. \ S., 86 ;
point of St. Vincc
Moulacicjue in St.
the N.E. point of 5
tlic S. part of Mart
Bay in Tobago to I
j N., 8,") ; Courlanc
'n Grenada, N.W. 1
«'it, to Point Mou
ditti. to Great Pito
St. Lucia, to Port
J'tto to St. Pierre,
''rarl Rocks, Marti
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
13
Education continued.
Schedule showing the Appropriation of the Grant of Five Thousand Pounds voted by Parliament in 1835
in aid of Normal Schools for the purposes of training Teachers.
\i
anted
tcs of
1><3G.
s.
d.
(■)
):<
11)
4
Name of Society,
or other
Co-operating Agency.
Colony.
1
Sum granted p^om what
„ ,?"'• "' other Sources
Parlmmentary. ^.^ ^
Vote. 1
REMARKS.
Lord Sligo, Governor
of Jamaica.
The Governor of Ba-
hamas.
Trustees of the Mico
Charity.
Trustees of the Mico
Charity.
Trustees of the Mico
Charity.
Total . .
Jamaica ..
Bahamas . .
Jamaica . .
Mauritius .
Antigua . .
.. .. £.
£500
700
2000
1000
800
Voluntary
subscriptions.
Voluntary
subscriptions
or grants of
local
legislature.
Funds of the
Mico Charity
pledged to this
object to the
amount of
.5,950/.
Funds of the
Mico Charity.
Funds of the
Mico Charity.
This school is designated " The Jamaica Me-
tropolitan School," and is in connection
with the British and Foreign School So-
ciety, and to be conducted on their plan
and principles.
Of this sum, '.iOOl. is granted in aid of building
a Normal school at Nassau ; 75/. has been
allowed as passage money to Mr.M'SwIney,
who is gone to superintend it ; 31/. 19*. Sd.
has been paid for books for the use of the
school, and the remaining 2'fM. 4(/. will be
appropriated towards the payment of the
first year of Mr. M'Swincy's salary, at the
rate of 300/. per annum.
Arrangements to be made for opening the
school at the earliest possible period.
Office of superintendent and master of this
school oll'ered (March, 183(!) to Mr. Le
Brun, a missionary now in Mauritius.
Arrangements to be made for opening the
school at the earliest possible period.
5000
X. — Geography or the Caribbee Islands.
^fa!^netic Boarins^s and Disfnnccs in Miles of the
pincijHil J'liires in the Carilibee Islands. — From Point
Galera, the N.E. part of Trinidad, to Point Galiota,
magnetic bearing S. -\ \V., 42 miles ; ditto to Sandy
Point, the S.W. point ot Tobago, N. J E., 17 ; ditto
to Little Tobago, N.E. ^^ N., 41 ; ditto to Point Sa-
lines in Grenada, N.W. i N., 87 ; Melville's Rocks at
Tobago to the S. part of Barbadocs, N.N.E., 110;
Great Courland Bay in Tobago to Carlisle Bay in Bar-
badoes, N.N.K. i E., 130; Carlisle Bay in Barbadocs
to the Dragon's Mouths in Trinidad, S.W. ^ S., 18() ;
ditto to Fort Jeudy Point in Grenada, S.W. by W.,
13() ; ditto to Cariaco Island, one of the Grenadines,
W.S.W., 1 10 ; ditto to Becouya or Bequia Island, N.
part, W. i S., 90 ; ditto to the S.E. part of St. Vin-
cent, \V. i S., 86 ; ditto to Point Espagnole, the N.E.
point of St. Vincent, W. ^ N., 87 ; ditto to Point
Moulaciciue in St. Lucia, W.X.W. i W., 84 ; ditto to
the N.E. point of St. Lucia, N.W'. by VV., 94 ; ditto to
tlic S. part of Martinique, N.W., 104 ; Man of War's
Bay in Tobago to Point Salines in Grenada, W. N. W.
IN., 8.'); Courland Bay in Tobago to Point Salines
in Grenada, N.W. by W., 7f> ; Point Taratte, St. Vin-
cent, to Point Moulacique, St. Lucia, N.E. | N., 19 ;
ditti to Great Piton Point, N. 4 W., 21 ; Carenage,
St. Lucia, to Port Royal, Martinique, N. 3 W., 36 ;
•iitto to St. Pierre, ditto, N. by W. \ W., 48 ; the
I'carl Rocks, Martinique, to Scot's Point, Dominica,
N. by A', i W., 23 ; Cape Melville in Dominica to
Basseterre, Mariegalantc, N.E. 4f E., 18 ; ditto to the
Saintes, N.W. ^ N., 15; Prince Rupert's Bay, Domi-
nica, to Basseterre, Guadaloupc, N.W. by N., 28 ;
N.E. point of Deseada to English Harbour, Antigua,
N.W. i W. 60 ; English Harbour to S. point of Mont-
serrat, S.W. 4 S., 34 ; ditto to Redonda, W. by S. i S.,
37 ; Redonda to St. John's Road, Antigua, E.N.E. i N.
33 ; ditto to Palmeta Point in Barbuda, N.E :1 N.47 ;
ditto to Sandy Point Town, St. Kitt's, N.W. 3- W., 40 ;
Sandy Point Town to Saba Island, N.W. i W., 27 ;
Saba to St. Eustatius, E.S.E., i E., 14 ; ditto to Pal-
meta Point in Barbuda, E., 80 ; ditto to the Carenage
at St. Bartholomew, N.E. i E., 22 ; St. Eustatius to
St. Martin's, N. j W., 29 ; St. John's Road, Antigua,
to St. Bartholomew's, Carenage, N.W. by W. ^ W.,
72; ditto to Anguilletta, N.W., 89; Saba to the
Prickly Pear Island, N. i W., 37 ; ditto to the Dog
Island, N. by W. i W., 37 ; Dog Island to Sombrero,
N. 3 W., 18 ; ditto to E. end of Virgin Gorda,
W.N.W. 3 W., 53 ; ditto to Ginger Island, W. j N.,
60 ; ditto to the E. point of Santa Croix, W.S.W. ^ S.,
73 ; Basseterre Bay, St. Kitt's, to St. John's Island,
N.W. by W. i W., 125 ; St. Eustatius to St. Thomas's
Island, W.N.W., 114; St. John's Harbour, Antigua,
to the E. end of Virgin Gorda, N.W. by W. i W.,
159.
I Ml ■'
h
f ■ : ; M;
m
„ ?^'
14
APPF.NDIX.— WEST INDIKS.
On TtiE Sickness and Moutai.hy amdncj Tkoops in the West Indies.*
in the course of the year, so that on the averngp ovcrv
man must have been under medical treatment, for
some cause or other, about once every six months
and a half.
If reference be made to the jjroportion of admissions
among troops in the United Kingdom, it will be found
that there every man is under treatment about uniiu
every i;i months; consequently the cases of sickness
or admissions into hospital among white troops in
this command are about twice as numerous as when
serving in their native country. There is, however,
this marked distinction, that they are of so seven' a
character, that 1 in 24 proves fatal, whereas in tliis
country only 1 death occurs out of every (17 cases
.treated.
The rations of the troops in the windward and lee-
ward command during the period embraced in this
report have consisted weekly of 7 lbs. of bread, 2 lbs.
of fresh meat, 2 lbs. of salt beef, 27 ounces of salt
pork, 9 ounces of sugar, 10 ounces of rice, .'> ounces
of cocoa, and 2^ pints of peas, for which the soldier
])ays !i(L Prior to 1830 he was allowed a gill of nim,
for which he was charged Id. In most of the corps
the soldier has but two meals ; breakfast, coiisistin"
of a pint of cocoa and his ration bread, and dinner
consisting either of the fresh meat made into broth,
with vegetables, or the salt meat boiled into soup,
with the peas, and eaten with yams or potatoes. In
some instances there is also a supper meal, but this is
not common in the command.
It may be necessary to remark, that the deaths
stated in the preceding table are only those which
have occurred under medical treatment, or after he iiiL'
admitted into the hospital, leaving still to be accoiintiii
for a considerable proportion who die suddeidy, or
from accidental causes. The only means we have of
ascertaining the number of these is by a comparison
of the deaths in the i)receding table with those re-
ported annually to the War Office by the general
officers in this command, and which includes the
deaths from all causes.
Strength,
Admissions into the Hospital,
and the
Deaths among the White Troops in the Windward
and Leeward Command, which includes Hritish i
Guiana, Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada, St. Vincent's, ;
Barljadoes, St. Lucia, Dominica, Antiguf
I, Mont- j
serrat, St. Kitt's, Nevis, and Tortola.
1
c
Ratio per Thousand
x:
_o
of Mean Strength.
Years.
to
CO
en
S
M
B
<
1
Q
Admitted.
Died.
1S17
.')120
12111
830
2305
102
1818
4203
8490
582
2020
120
1819
3790
6949
314
1833
83
1820
3072
7463
387
2032
105
1821
3639
7660
397
2104
109
1822
3299
6036
254
1830
77
1823
3264
6072
158
1860
49
1824
4144
8534
293
2060
70
182.5
4466
7906
343
1770
76
1826
4.'-)49
7855
308
1727
68 1
1827
4310
8251
365
1914
85 i
1828
4202
8071
341
1921
81
1829
4164
7459
241
1791
58
1830
4601
9290
300
2020
65
1831
42;>2
9927
293
2346
09
1832
4331
6823
277 1806
64
1833
4823
9018
241
1869
50
1834
5407
8249
233
1520
43
1835
5462
8259
313 1512
57
1836
4983
95 1 2
383
1909
77
Total . .
86661
164935
6803
340
• •
i
Average
4333
8247
1903 i
1
78'5
From this it appears thai
; among every 1,0
30 white
troops then
3 have b
een 1,9C
)3 adi
nissions into
hospital '
181"
909
1818
487
I8iy
316
1820
338
1821
42-
1822
223
1823
163
1824 1825
30y 365
1826
315
1827
380
1828
344
1829
261
1830
314
1831 1832
333! 304
1833
278
1
1834 1835
183(1
Total.
Deaths per War- 1
Office Returns J
249, 332
403
7m
Deaths per Me- 1
dical Returns /
830
532
314
38/
397
254
158
293 343
308
365
341
241
300
293 1 277
241
233 3I3| 383
(
Cms
Diff
L>ren<
;e un
ilcrsi
ated in ^
:edic
al Return
S ..
2(i()
This omission, added to the ratio of deaths in the
preceding table, increases it to 81^ per thousand, to
which must be added invalids who died at sea, or on
their passage homeward ; these have averaged about
14 annually, or 3^ per thousand, thus making the
mortality from all causes 85 per thousand of the mean
strength.
This would be a fair estimate of the ratio of mor-
tality among this class of troops during the last 20
years, provided the strength in the medical returns ]
had been accurately stated. But as this has, in most '
instances, been taken at the highest rate to which it |
attained in the course of the year, and not on the
mean of each month, as it ought to have been, we
find, by a comparison with the War Office returns,
that the strength has in this way been rated, by the
medical authorities, about a tenth part higher than it
ought to have been ; consequently the above ratio of
mortality must have increased in a corresponding
proportion, which will make it 93i per thousand of
the strength, or, in other words, about an eleventh ot
the force have died annually.
From this statement, however, no definite idea can
be conveyed of the insalubrity of the climate, till we
compare it with the mortality which has taken phice
among the same class of troops in the United Kingdum.
This has anio\inted, during a long series of years, tu
about 15 per thousand annually ; but, during the last
seven years, it has, owing to the prevalence of in-
fluenza and cholera, beta ;ibout 2 per thousand liij;lier.
Thus the mortality among troops in the wimlwurd
and leeward command has been six times as high as
in the United Kingdom, though the extent of sick-
ness, as shown by the number of admissions into
hospital, has only been twice as great. Even this rate
of mortality, high as it appears, is considerably less
than during the previous 14 years, from 1803 to 1810,
when it was as follows :
Strength .
Deaths .
Katio of Det
per 1000
strength
Thus, durin
wliite troojjs ii
ahout one half
L'O years ; so tl
pean troops, it
improved, part
Antigua. In tl
the strength nr
settlements of :
Kustatia, St. M
which were give
as a greater tm
than in the oth
ward and Leewa
The extent o
last 20 years be
hy what diseases
those deaths not
i.au sup])Iy no sj
The proportion
ward and Lecwaij
average of the last
This is six times a
latter ratio has bei
seven years, durit
dumber cor-")
Porally v
minishi'd. J
"Kt- per 10001 I
"f strength
cnrijorally
punished.
692
135
* This abstract is derived from a valuable report by Capt. R. M. TuUoch, 45th rcgt., and Dr. Marslmll,
made to Government in 1837.
Sl^rk Truops an
investigation we la
sessing no inform
^'•■liich this class o
country, which is
^•e can estimate wi
fliiencc of other cl
'i"" as statistical ii
'"ere is no counti
which the mortalit'
I'lta.its between the
rially to exceed 15
^here is no counti
'"'ligcnous inhabit!
f/ an instance W(
Aalta Fencibles, c
fland, the average
'•""0 annually; a',
posed of the aborigi,
11 I
m
APPKNDIX.— WEST INniF.S.
gp overy
lent, for
montlis
linissions
!)(' t'ouutl
out onci;
f sickness
troops ill
s as when
however,
seven' a
as in this
y (')7 cases
(1 and lee-
ed in tliis
read, 2 llis.
ices of salt
e, 5 ounces
the soldier
gill of nun,
)f the corps
, consisting
and dinner,
into broth,
into soup,
otatoes. In
1, but this is
; the deaths
those which
ir after bcin;;
be accounted
suddenly, or
IS we have of
1 comparison
ith those re-
thc general
includes the
835 1831) Total.
332| 40:i riifi'J
313i 3831 fi8li3
urns
2(10
thousand of
tn eleventh of
inite idea can
liniate, till we
Is taken iilacc
ited Kingdom.
[s of years, tu
Buring the last
Ivalcnce of in-
Visand higher.
[the windward
.les as high as
ttent of sick-
Imissions into
fp-ven this rate
isiderahly less
1803tolSK',
Ir, Marshall,
ISI03
Strength .
Deaths .
Ratio of neatli
per 1000 of
strength
^
9y3
117
1801 IHCJ ISOf.jlHO? 1808 18091 1810 181 1 1812; 1813 I8I4II8I,') I8ir.
f)849 MCI 7044 r,(;o4 78147000 i\()\c r>uo'> r,\ry2 7-'9'2 r.f.73
.701;
249
1790 800, 848 1138
277 114
128
14fi
(•,9."); 101 5 804 (;09| r)29 49.3
I
99j 1G8
14G| 99 73; 74
96
l.")?
Total. Avg,
94738 f,7r>7
13028
931
138
Thus, during this period, 138 per thousand of the
white trooiis in this coinmand died annually, which is
about one half more than on the average of the last
•JO years ; so that fatal as the climate still is to Kuro-
pean troops, it api)ears ■;;' late years to have materially
improved, particularly in Haibadoes, Trinidad, and
Antigua. In this estimate we have carefully excluded
the strength and deaths of the troops serving in the
settlements of Surinam, Martini(|ue, Guadnloupe, St.
Kustatia, St. Martin's, Santa Cruz, and St. Thomas,
which were given up by the British in 1814 and 1815,
as a greater mortality occurred in these settlements,
than in the others which now constitute the Wind-
ward and Leeward Command.
The extent of sickness and mortality during the
last 20 years being determined, the next question is,
by what diseases was it jiroduced ? With regard to
those deaths not included in the medical returns, we
ean supply no specific details.
Table showini; the principal diseases nmnnf» White Troops
in the Windwa
rd and I,
;eward Connnand.
Admisaiong.
Deaths.
Diseases.
al
whol
ce
ears.
Annual
io per 100
i( Mean
trcngth.
al
whol
ce
ears.
5*~S
" ''-sis
i °
r-
S B
Bi
Fevers
02 nil
717
siy.i
3fl.9
Ernptivc Fevers .
13
1
, ,
Diseases of the Limits
<)!ir.>
lis
9«fi
10.4
" of the Liver
yyio
22
161
l.D
" of the Sto-
mach and Howcls
3G4-I
421
179''
20.r
" of the Urain
2117
28
312
3.7
Dropsies .
fi.-.fl
7
1W>
2.1
Khouraatic Affections
4202
M)
17"
Venereal
3013
35
6
Abscesses and Ulcers
1-;0H
201
18
Wounds and Injuries
IIUII
12!)
60
2.9
Punished .
4327
50
2
Diseases of the Eyes
7fiHfi
8!l
4
" of the Skin
.■isa
fi
1
All other diseases ,
Total
25S1
30
I45J
164S35
j 1903
6803
7S.5
I
The proportion corporally punished in the Wind-
ward and Leeward Command has amounted, on the
average of the last 20 years, to fiO per 1,000 annually.
This is six times as high as in this kingdom ; but the
latter ratio has been taken on the average of the last
seven years, during which corporal punishment has
been very much restricted ; while the former extends
over 20 years, during the first part of which it was
very common. The following table will show that it
has gradually decreased in that command, till the
ratio is now as low as in this kingdom :
I8I7
1
1818
I8I9 1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1335
1836
1 t
|Totl Avg
Number cor. 1
porally >
punished. J
Rat. perl 000 S
692
617
344 204
230
251
255
350
16-
120
102
154
121
173
131
111
69
75
89
42
1
i 4.327
2l6i
of strength 1
corporally f
1.35
154
91 56
63
76
78
84
37
26
24
37
29
3S
31
26
14
14
16
H
50
puiiislicd. J
i
Black Troops and Pioneers. — In this portion of our
investigation we labour under the difficulty of pos-
scssing no information regarding the mortality to
which this class of men are subject in their native
country, which is the only correct standard whereby
we can estimate with any degree of accuracy the in-
fluence of other climates on their constitutions. So
far as statistical inquiries have extended, however,
there is no country, either temperate or tropical, in
which the mortality among the indigenous civil inha-
hitaats between the ages of 20 and 40 seems mate-
rially to exceed 1,5 per 1,000 annually ; and probably
there is no country where troops composed of the
indigenous inhabitants are subject to a higher rate.
As an instance we may mention, that among the
Malta Fencibles, composed of the natives of that
island, the average mortality does not exceed 9 per
l.li'O annually ; and among the Cape Corps, com-
posed of the aboriginal inhabitants of Southern Africa,
it does not exceed 1 1 per 1 ,000 : while among the
Madras native troops it does not exceed 13, nor
among those of Bengal is it more than 11 per 1,000
annually.
Now, were the climate of the West Indies as con-
genial to the health of the negro troops as that of
their native country, it may be inferred that the
mortality would not exceed that of the Indian army,
which is composed of men about the same age, em-
ployed in the same description of military duty, and
also in a tropical climate. In so far, then, as it
exceeds that rate, it may fairly be attributed to the
insalubrious influence of that climate on their con-
stitutions.
It is by no means extraordinary that African troops
should sufTor as well as the whites from the climate
of the West Indies, seeing that they arc for the most
part natives of the interior of Africa, of which the
climate is probably very different : and it is well
I r \'
16
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
known that, though the indigenous rnrc^s of tropical
as wpjl as temperate climates are peculiHrly fitted by
nature lor intiabitinc; and peopling the respective
portions of the globe wherein they or their fore-
fathers were born, tlie effects of a transition to any
other is in general productive of a great increase in
the scale of mortality.
This fact is well illustrated by the following table
of the admissions into hospital and deaths among
this class of troops, serving in the West Indies during
the last 20 years : —
Admissions into Hospital and the Deaths among the
Black Troops and Pioneers in the Windward and
Leeward Command.
en
c
Ratio per 1000 of
i
4-'
bn
c
£
75
'm
C/l
S
•a
<
tri
■Z
■i
.3
Mean Strength.
Admitted
Died.
1817
4287
3957
197
923
46
1H18
3389
2903
126
857
37
1819
33.51
2967
212
886
63
1820
2858
2191
109
767
38
1821
2685
2139
107
797
40
18?2
2533
2220
108
877
43
1823
2359
2325
88
985
37
1824
2195
18,'^3
64
858
29
1825
1678
1515
59
903
35
182r
i523
1444
65
948
43
18,", 7
1543
12J4
40
838
26
) 828
1510
969
54
642
36
1829
1581
1171
73
740
46
1830
1520
1039
60
684
40
1831
1457
995
53
683
36
1832
1379
1122
50
806
36
1833
1347
270
50
720
37
1834
1310
872
43
666
33
1835
1241
825
46
665
37
1836
1188
756
41
635
35
Total . .
40934
33557
1645 { . ..
Average
2047
1678
.
820
40
Thus, on the average of the last 20 years, 820 have
been admitted into hospital, and 40 have died, out of
every thousand annually ; so that t^he rate of mortality
is at least thrice as high among this description of
troops as in the native army of the East Indies.
Small-pox and eruptive fevers are the diseases most
generally fatal.
It may not, perhaps, be premature here to nietitioti,
that the same liabilities to a high rate of mortality
seems to affect negro troops in almost every qiirrtir
of the globe where they have been employed. In tlic
Mauritius, they die at nearly the same rate as in tlu'
West iTidies ; in Ceylon, where a considerable nnmbiT
was employed in the Colonial Corps of that island,
the mortality was so high that they nearly becanu;
extinct in the course of a few years, notwithstiuiding
every care on the part of the military authorities to
keep up their numbers; in Gibraltar, where the 4th
West India Regiment svas stationed for two or tliri'f
years, 62 per 1,000 of the strength died annually;
and even at Sierra Leone, on the sea-coast of tlitir
own continent, the mortality has averaged not less
than 28 per 1,000 annually, being about double the
ordinary ratio among other troops serving in their
native country. This demonstrates beyond a dcmht
that the constitution of the negro can be Inil little
fitted to adapt itself to foreign climates, when even
the transition from the interior to the sea-coast of
Western Africa has been attended witli such preju-
dicial effects.
The returns of the mortality among the negro slave
population throughout the West Indies, suflieiently
illustrate the unfavourable character of this climate
to the constitution of the negro, the proiiortion do-
ceasing there, exclusive of Jamaica, being 1 in It.'i of
the population annually ; whereas in most other
countries, of which we possess accurate statistical de-
tails, the mortality among the indigenous inhabitants
is only from 1 in 45 to 1 in 50 annually ; and this
extra mortality among the negro population falls
almost entirely upon the adults, negro children being
in general remarkably exempt from disease. High as
this ratio is among the slave population, however, wi'
shall afterwards show it to be considerably less tlmii
among the troops, not in one, but in every colony
throughout the command ; a suBicient proof that all
the care and attention which can be bestowed on that
race of men is quite unavailing to counteract the
pernicious influence of a climate unsuited to their
constitution.
Here, however, as with white troops, it is pleasing
to observe that there has been a considerable diminu-
tion in the mortality during the period included in
this report compared with the 14 previous years,
when the strength and deaths were as follow : —
1
1803;1804
1805
1806 1807 1808. 1809
i
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1 , 1
1816! Total. Avg.
Strength .
3586 3361
3141
3781
488o' 42533800
2555
2158;2638
2148
2089
3553
48141 46757 3340
Deaths
180
187
256
384
390
219
155
149
169
141
157
74
£02
406
3019^ 210
Ratio of Deaths"
per 1,000 of \
50
56
81
101
80
51
41
58 51
54
73
35
57
84
w
Strength . J
!
1
Thus the mortality among this class of troops on
the average of these years was 64 per 1,000 annually,
being one-half higher than during the last 20 years,
80 that to whatever cause it may be attributable, the
mortality of the white and black troops within that
period has diminished in the same ratio. The latter
as well as the former were employed to a very consi-
derable extent in Martinique, Gaadaloupe, and the
other settlements before referred to, and the strength
and deaths there have consequently been excluded in
this estimate.
We shall now exhibit in the following table, the
effect of the climate of Jamaica on the health of the
white troops stationed there during the last 20 years,
Admissions
^■ears
-c
c
o
^
m
IS17
'.VlX
IHI.S
235."
l.slK
253
IN20
189,'
I8:.'l
260r
1 S J2
2541
iHi't
22 7H
1821
2670
Ih:'5
2512
1S26
2039
in:.' 7
2795
18i'8
2536
1829
2709
1830
2842
1H31
2232
1832
2046
1833
2815
1834
3016
1835
2S81
1M36
2985
Total ,'■
1567 f
vcrage
2578
From this table
admissions into he
rather less than in
mand, being 1812
nually; that is, eve
dis'^ase or other,
months.
I'hough the extei
windward and leev
much greater. Th
l-'i per thousand
includes only those
tachment hospitals.
Black troops and
that the materials f(
ciimate of this isia
troops are by no me
and leeward commai
111 Jamaica they con
with the exception <■
tlie West India reg
less under medical si
It IS only when th
swious, or perhaps
""spifal ; at least w.
ratremely low ratio m
t'le deaths in the foil
APFKNDIX.— WKST INDIKS.
17
; I Total. Avg.
Atlmissions into Hospital, luul Dnitlis aiiioiij; tlie
white troops in Jmnaica,
^ fiirs.
1M17
1H18
1 s 1 1)
IHL'l
1SJ2
iK2;i
IH'.T)
182G
1H27
181'8
\H'>9
1830
ih;u
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
Total
AveraKC
x;
to
c
'M
a
o
<; 3< 41 x:
O a-
M .2 § ■■«
as s2
^ u
.'(28')
23 aS
2.')31
1895
2(;()')
2.'i41
22-H
2070
2512
203!)
2795
253('>
2709
2842
2232
2046
2815
30 If,
2881
2985
(;.',.i2
4403
5270
3(i8f,
4508
4r.91
3'.)C,3
50r,9
6088
3269
6372
4103
3923
4712
3691
3584
5186
5593
4638
4145
51507 93455 6254
2578
288
209
743
290
303
434
148
224
772
163
626
189
140
275
298
227
244
283
215
183
1994
1871
2085
1944
1729
1846
1739
1898
24J3
16o:>
2280
1618
1448
1657
1653
1751
1842
1854
1610
1389
u> ~ to
3 x: "t; =
■^ g - ^
4672 313 1812
89
294
153
llf;
171
05
8J
307
80
224
74
62
97
133
111
86
93
75
61
1213
I'rom this table it appears that the proportion of
admissions into hospital in the course of the year is
rather less than in the windward and leeward com-
mand, being 1812 per thousand of the strength an-
nually ; that is, every soldie- has an attack of some
dis'^ase or other, twice in the course of thirteen
months.
Though the extent of sickness is less than in the
windward and leeward command, the rriortality is
much greater. The preceding table shows it to be
1:!1 per thousand of the strength annually, but this
includes only those who died in regimental and de-
taciiment hospitals.
Black troops and Pioneers — it is to be regretted
that the materials for estimating the influence of the
climate of this island on the constitution of black
troops are by no means so ample as in the windward
and Icpward command. We have already stated that
ill Jamaica they consist entirely of military labourers,
with the exception of a small detachment of one of
the West India regiments. These labourers being
less under medical superintendence than regular corps,
it is only when their disease begins to assume a
serious, ur perhaps fatal aspect, that they come into
hospital ; at least we are led to suppose so from the
extremely low ratio of admissions, as compared with
the deaths in the following table :
Admisstnris into Hospital, and de;iihs ainon;;
IJlack troops serving in Janiuica.
the
Years.
1/3
lH|7
I Sis
lsl9
isjo
ISL'l
1822
1S_'3
1824
18L'5
1826
I8J7
ls:is
18:^9
1830
1831
1832
1833
1 834
1835
1836
COO
643
322
216
2 1 6
197
189
229
225
255
22s
1H7
214
284
265
250
336
328
236
309
S
•a
<
■a 5 g .1 ^' g .
p »j O — c ~
■■^ <n ^ ™ 3 « to
~ o.2_i-Misn
G as 2ii 2
Total] 5729
Averagei 280
4H3
27
805
45
275
23
428
36
142
! u
4 10
34
92
10
425
46
89
9
412
42
i^O
5
106
25
46
7
2 13
37
41
9
179
39
41
4
182
IN
61
12
238
47
(;i
10
269
44
38
.3
202
16
37
6
173
28
80
4
281
14
70
12
287
45
85
2
340
8
81
5
241
15
27
2
106
8
53
3
225
13
47
8
1,52
26
1935 172
92
338
30
Thus it appears that the mortality among this class
of troops in Jamaica is but 30 per thousand of the
strength annually ; so that the climate must be much
more favourable to their health than that of the
windward and leeward command, where the mortality
among the negro troops was ascertained to have been
40 per thousand on the average of the same series of
years.
The superior salubrity of this climate for the negro
race is corroborated by the mortality of the slave ])o-
pulation being only 25 per 1,000 of all ages, wh''ii
throughout the windward and leeward command it
31 per 1,000 of all ages, Thus, both in regard to
black troops and the slave population, the mortality
is about one-third less in Jamaica.
By an estimate which has been made of the mor-
tality among this class of troops, from 1803 to 1817,
it njjpcars during that period to have averaged 49 per
thousand annually ; but as the garrison at Honduras
U'as then generally included in the returns of Jamaica,
this alibrds no accurate standard of comparison with
the mortality in the above table, which refers to Ja-
maica alone.
From the high ratio which the deaths, in almost
every instance, bear to the admissions, there can be
little doubt that all the slight cases of sickness have
been omitted; we therefore decline drawing any con-
clusions as to the relative prevalence of each class of
diseases.
Ths following table will serve to illustrate the vari-
able character of the climate, and the relative influence
of mortality in each yrar, at the princiiial stations
tliruughout the island of Jamaica.
m
\< I
18 APPENDIX. —WF.ST IND'KS.
Comparative view of the ratio of Mortality among tlio troops in eoch year nt these sul)or(linoti' sfntionN.
■i\
Out of
every KIOO Troops at the undermentioned Stations, tht
< following pro*
jiortions have died in each year from 1H17 to 1M3(; inclusive.
Avenipi'
Years.
Up-Park
Camp.
^1
<
.£ a
2 -f
>> .
11 — .
OS
o
<
.5
^
a .
1^
1
of whole
Coniniand.
IHI7
h:<
3'J
34
128
97
192
74
89
None.
71
88
IHIH
C5
."iO
33
278
37
89
f)7
87
10
95
89
1H1<)
.lOl
3ir>
103
fia
301
34fi
130
, ,
12
79
294
|HL>()
If.O
.58
92
273
50
84
192
, .
29
45
153
181J1
i:io
22.')
44
91
45
219
53
, ,
20
41
no
IH-.'L'
443
20.')
51
242
47
52
117
51
30
7(i
17)
IHJ.T
8U
83
31
200
25
51
24
, ,
35
87
C5
[H-M
4;-,
100
81
207
30
194
52
217
38
<;4
K4
1 H2:>
.341
321
r,H
399
453
. ,
184
, .
30
178
307
iHL'Ci
72
94
(>i
18(1
18
, ,
227
, ,
21
43
H(»
{H-21
22r>
\:>r,
280
KM
287
94
2.33
. ,
30
30
224
\H-2H
lis
18
84
H->
37
147
ni
212
41
12
74
182!)
43
82
70
51
13
233
51
109
15
35
C2
1 s:u)
120
148
42
124
18
135
80
, ,
58
350
97
IH.'tl
110
34
79
236
174
124
255
. ,
48
• •
133
iw:?2
91
32
24
.'■.7
72
185
75
358
()7
107
111
1 HXi
7H
39
r,i;
r.7
31
220
70
174
81
35
8C
IK.34
70
107
r.i
155
35
173
95
121
ir.
20
93
ls;<5
.'■>2
3C.
70
194
34
117
84
54
4
25
75
i83n
r)i
9
CO
144
21
25
38
348
29
ICO
CI
Oeneral
Average
140-G
113-1
73'5
lf)2-4
90-2
149-3
102'C
178-9
32-7
84-9
121'3
The influence of the seasons on the health of the
troops in this island will be best established by the
totals of the admissions and deaths in each month
during the whole period included in this Report, with
the exception of 1828 and 1829, which, from hciii;
stated in (|uarterly instead of monthly periods, couiJ
not be included.
Table showing the Influence of the Seasons in producing Sickness and Mortality among the Troops
in Jamaica.
Total Admissions.
Total Deaths.
Months,
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
By
Acute
Chronic
Surgical
all
Acute
Chronic
Surgical
all
Diseases,
Diseases.
Diseases.
Diseases.
Diseases.
Diseases,
Diseases.
Discuses,
In 18 Januarys . .
5231
032
1512
7405
490
54
9
559
18 Februarys
4000
589
1,530
0725
285
00
351
1 8 Marches . .
4277
03C
1047
0500
249
34
8
21(1
18 Aprils
4240
553
1707
05CO
207
53
2
202
18 Mays
4419
014
2000
7039
238
42
6
2hC,
18 Junes
4909
004
1790
7303
270
43
4
2XV
18 Julys
,5413
580
1074
7007
300
01
427
18 Augusts ..
5C9fi
405
1008
7709
733
48
5
7Hli
18 Septembers
.5419
405
1470
7354
471
41
3
515
18 Octobers ..
5309
450
1305
7730
581
57
2
040
18 Novembers
5837
508
13C4
7709
750
48
3
801
18 Decembers
50C1
441
1158
7200
074
49
2
72,^
Total
01101
0543
11897
86541
5320
590
50
59C6
Thus it appears, that the most sickly as well as
most fatal period of the year extends from August to
December, wnd that the only months comparatively
healthy are March, April and May, which possess the
same character throughout the West Indies, and we
might add, most parts of the northern heniis))hm,
at least so far as the health of troops is concerned.
Prior to 1 825, the number of invalids who arriuJ |
at Chatham from all the West India stations wri
blended together, and are thus stated : —
Years.
To
Ivvi
w
Total 5
As, in this
those sent hoi
Ijilities contru
merely retjuin
their health, a
ci)r))8, it is inn
euiiclusions.
Since 1H25,
these two Com
ilistinction lias
»i'Ut home and
recovered and ;
we are enablct
that subject.
Table showing 1
fit for Active
Windward an
Total
The following
thousand white 1
'ectivefrum sick
Command, and
Jar the most unh(
|uur-mths of the
by fevers which i
lecovery, and onl
such as those of -i
"'the Windward
half of the death
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
10
(< stntloitK.
Avcrnpc
if whole
:oninmnd.
88
89
•J'J-J
!.'•.;<
iir,
171
0)5
M
307
HO
224
74
62
97
133
111
HC.
1)3
75
f.l
1 1 121'3
hich, from bcin:
ily periods, coulJ
; the Troops
By
Icul I all
it's.l Discuses.
S.ll
291
2(;2
2kC>
233'
427
7s(;
640
HOI
72.--
S'JIJG
tthcrn heniisplierf,
Jps is concerned.
Ivalids who urrivi'l
India statiuiis wen 1
led :—
Total Force of
Total sent
Ratio per 1000
White Troops
home Inva-
of Mean
Years.
in
lided in each
Strenpth
West Indies.
Year,
Invalided.
IHI7
H4(l.'J
None,
IHIH
CMC)
2.')2
3«
IHII)
(■)32l
231
3r.
1M20
5, '.(IT
None.
. ,
1H21
f.24,')
ur,
19
1H22
.1840
122
21
1H23
.^.)42
20C)
37
1824
<;hi4
213
31
Total
51290
1140
22
As, in this table, no distinction is made between
those sent home on account of advanced a^e, or disa-
bilities contracted in the climate, and those who
merely required change of air for the recovery of
their health, and were afterwards sent hack to their
corps, it is impossible to draw from it any accurate
cunclusions.
Since 1H2.'), however, the Returns of invalids from
these two Commands have been kept separate, and a
distinction has been made between those who were
A'ut home and ultimately discharged, and those who
recovered and rejoined their corps ; by which means
we are enabled to supply the following details on
that subject.
Table showing the Ratio Discharged annually, as Un-
tit for Active Service, of White Troops in the
Windward and Leeward Command.
«
JS o c
•<
Strength
lite Troop
Dyed in
Iward and
ard Com-
arged to-
unfit for
er service.
Q
o
o .
per 100
trength i
Classes.
Mean
of W
empl
Wine
Leew
mand
Disci
tally
furth
Foun
Garri
only.
=2o
Ratio
of S
both
1825 44CG
lf.,^
165
37
lf<2(; , 4549
237
, .
237
52
1H27 1 4310
282
25
307
71
I82H 1 4202
141
15
156
37
1829 41(;4
52
30
82 20
1830 4(i01
22
8
30 7
1831
4232
27
17
44
10
1S32
4331
42
6
48
11
1833
4823
61
2
63
13
1834
MOl
58
4
62
12
1835 54(;2
79
7
86
16
183f.
Total .
4983
55
1
56
11
55530
1221
115
1336
24
The following Table shows that out of every
thousand white troops there arc 87 constantly inef-
fective from sickness in the Windward and Leeward
Command, and 63 in Jamaica, though the latter is by
far the most unhealthy. This peculiarity arises from
four-filths of the mortality in Jamaica being caused
by fevers which rapidly terminate either in death or
recovery, and only one-fifth from lingering diseases,
such as those of the lungs and of the bowels ; whereas
in the Windward and Leeward Command, scarcely
half of the deaths are caused by fever, and almost all
the others are
by diseases v
h
cli detB
n the patient
long in hus| *al.
Tablu (howInK the Number cnnxtaiitly SIrk In lloiipltalof
tho Troopi In the Went Indies,
Windward nnil Leeward
I'limniiiud,
Jiunalra.
1
1 lllaek TroopH,
White Troopi. • excliiHivc of
VMilto Troops
only.
Yearn,
I'ioiicera.
K
i 81! IK
i fJ
- Co
^
1 u
Ill
Ratio per
of Mean
Strengh c
ftantly Si
p.
<S7
u a AVI
X f:Vi
IHi;
67ti
132
170
52
f C'iti\not 111! ac.
I cnratuiy Ntnted
IHIH
,11(1
128
51
32
IHID
3111
7!)
(iU
1.5
14H
58
IH'JII
217
07
41
33
Kill
84
IH'il
2H3
78
3!)
34
IS-*
70
IHTi
2311
70
41
38
IS.-)
01
lH'.iJ
3()(l
110
■Iti
41
inj
05
IS-.'I
2 Id
ft»
32
32
1H8
70
IS'JS
33rt
75
22
3(J
201)
83
IhlM)
310
73
14
2y
105
52
lH-i7
113
!)li
1!)
38
22'-'
80
IH'.'ri
11)1
ll(i
23
41
IK)
113
inai)
33!)
HI
3!)
55
112
52
ih:)«
3h5
Ml
21
35
131
47
IHai
3l)(i
H7
23
31
137
01
IS:l'2
3ti2
84
2t
37
1 22
Co
in:i:i
4U<I
85
2!)
40
201
72
ik:ii
•132
8(1
35
54
211
71
ih;i.-i
421
87
35
.''7
1()7
5H
in;m
deneral l
Average J
418
1)0
23
41
155
52
377
H7
40
42
1()2
03
I'uble show
iiiir flie Nmiihcrs Treated and Dcatlis amonc the
Urticers servniK: in the Windward auU I.ccwurd Coninianil,
and in Js
imaica.
Windward and Leeward
Commuiid.
Jamaica Comniaud.
^
*^
Years.
.3»> .
Per Medical
.^-.
Per Medical
p2i
Returns,
Strength
1 crAdju
General
Returns
Returns.
Treated.
Died.
Treated.
Ditd.
IHIM
232
22S
1t>
. ,
ISI!)
215
152
10
107
13
30
\S>0
172
U)0
20
88
43
4
IKvil
184
13tt
18
117
74
8
1S22
ISl)
102
(i
1)1
88
13
lH-2:i
168 1 10.1
3
!)4
77
7
1S24
2U8
155
8
!)0
41
5
IS-i.'S
IH2
107
105
88
2i)
\H-M
•2»0
121
7
80
3!)
1
1827
203
202
18
8fi
U!)
!!•
1828
1U7
225
7
101
32
7
1H2!)
■2liS
123
i
101
45
5
1830
21(1
l«7
3
121
(37
.^
isai
184
185
8
<JH
71)
y
1H32
18.S I l,->7
7
77
4()
1
18'JJ
18!)
177
3
12(3
83
3
1K3J
1!I(S
110
(i
1(34
77
fi
1835
221
23()
/
KiO
85
183(3
Total .
Ratio per
mean st
220
305
3
Ifio
81
3710 ! 315!)
l,-.7
42-
lyiii)
1254
164
10(10 of
rengtli
}
845
037
B3-4
The deaths in the Windward and Leeward Com-
mand are exclusive of about 30 which took place
among oHiccrs and clerks belonging to the Commis-
saiiat and Ordnance Staff, and have been kept dis-
5|
;:t .5
I
2(1
ATPRNDIX.— VVr.ST INDII'S
tinrt ('mm those of tlic rrRimcntnl griiilcn wlicirvcr it
wiiH in.tt'ticnhlc to do sn. 'liny nrc njso cxoliisive of
10, wliicli orcuriril I'lniii iiccidciit, hmIcIiIc, ami other
rioiNi s, nut conritctiil v. itli cliiniitt'.
ThiiM it ii|i|Mnis tliMi ill tliii Windwiifd nnd I,cr-
wai'dcurniiiuiul,tl)cuvL'rttgi'iiiiiiil)t'r ol'ollk'i'rsniiniinlly
imilor trrnliiicrit liti'* iimoiinfcd to H t.' per thoiffiiid.
mid the dcntlin to {'_' |iiT tlioiisiiiid of tin' »tiiii,<tli .
while ill Jiiniaica the rniincr Iiuh niiioiiiitcd to li.i; pi i
tiKiiiHiiiid, ntid the latter to h;<' I per thousand of tlu
streiiisth.
Ab»tract, showing the Ratio of Mortality ainoo^ t'le Negro Slave l'.)|mliuioii in each of the Wist Iiuliii
Coloiiiex iluriiif; the undernientioneil |iei'io(N,
Period over
Average Population.
Average Yearly
Death!).
Annual Deaths to
1000 living;.
Annual
DeatliH
Colonies.
which the
Average has
- ■
to total
Popujii-
been taken.
Doth
tion.
MalcH.
Fern.
Total.
Males. I'"em
Total.
Ma.
Km.
Sexes.
'rriiiidml
Ink; to iN-'H
i:tiii
in7H(;
21230
40,'-,
:»2(;
73 1
30
30
30
1 in 2;(
'rolinijo
iHii) to in;»2
r, -..'■) 4
711H
i;tr.72
.'<0I'>
2<;2
.'■.Cm
47
37
42
I in 21
Oeineiain and Ks-
IH.'II to Ihli^
■M'M'J
:i2t7.')
70124
1 299
H2r,
212.'-.
34
2.')
30
1 in .1.1
.s('(|iiili(i.
lUiliiee
IMl!) to IH.31
120129
I009.T
2212a
39.1
29.1
r>R8
33
29
31
1 in 32
.liiniaicii
1HI7 to lH2<.)
ir,H-i77
i7()(;9'.i
:i:tH97(;
4.''):t4 .194r,
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'/.. Copy of the Charter ohantkd to the Colonial Banking Company for the Wfst Indies.
Eitrnct from Patent Roll nf the Sixth Year of the Reign uf King Williiim the Fourth.
Wii.tiAM the Fourth, by tlie grace of God of the United Kingdom of Oreat Britain and Ireland King. Defender nf the
raith. To all to whom these presents shall eonie greeting ; Whereas the several persons hereinafter named, and othem,
have united together to establish banks of iHsne and deposit in the West Indies, and Urltish (iuiaua, and elsewhere, aa
hereinafter provided, and the said persons propose to open a subscription for raising a capital of two miUlona sterling
for the purpose of carrying on the business of the said banks, and have humbly besought us to grant to them, and the
other subscribers of such capital, a charter of Incorporation, which we arc minded to do, on condition that, before
conunenclng such business, such pert or proportion of the said capital as hereinafter mentioned shall have been pre.
vlously paid up; Now know ye, that as well upon the prayer of the said persons and others, as also nf our special
grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted, made, ordained, constituted, declared, and ap-
pointed, and by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, Do give, grant, make, ordain, constitute, declare, and
appoint that John Irving, Andrew C'olvill, .(Eneas Barkly, David Uarclay.Jaines Cavan, John Alexander Hankey, William
Tetlow Hibbert, John (iurncy Hoare, John Irving the younger, Charles M'Garel, William Miller, Thomas Masternian,
Abraham George Robarts, Patrick .Maxwell Stewart, Alexander Stewart, Samuel Gurney, Charles Marryat, and Thomas
Moody, esquires, or such of tliem as shall become subscribers of not less than MS'i,U(lQ. each towards the capital or joint
stock hereinafter mentioned, in the manner herilnaftcr provided, together with such and so many other person cr
persons, bodies politic or corporate, as shall become subscribers of or towards the capital or Joint stock hereinafter men-
tioned, in manner hereinafter provided, and such other person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, as shall from time
to time, in the manner hereinafter provided, beciime a proprietor or proprietors of any part of such capital or joint
stock (not being a fractional part of .^t lOO. of such stock), shall be one body politic and corporate, in deed and in name,
l)y the name ol " The Cohudal liank," and by that name shall aud may sue and be sued, implead and be implcailcil, in
all courts whether of law or equity, and shall have perpetual succession, with a common seal, which may bo by them
changed or varied at their pleasure : And we do declare, that the said corporation shall be established for tlie piirpiisc
of carrying on the business of a banker in Jamaica, and the other West India Islands, and British Guiana, and not else.
wlierc, subject nevertlielcss to such restrictions and provisions as arc licrei\uifter contained : And we do further ilecliiro
aud ordain, that the capital or joint stock of the said corporation shall consist of the sum of two millions sterlins:, to ho
subscribed in 'jo.noo shart's of .*'I00. e.-ich, and that all such capital or joint stock, and the profits and advantages tlicrc.of
shall lie and l)e deemed personal estate, and l)e transmissible accordingly : And we will and direct, that books shall he
opened for tal<inf,' subscriptions to the said capital or joint stock, aud that of the said original capital or joint stock o(
two millicms, the sum of .t l,.'i(lO,noo. shall be appropriated to sul.scribers residerit within the United Kingdom of (ircat
liritaln and Ireland j and the remaining sum of itSUD.Ouo. to sul)scribers resident in some or one of the sevcr.il islands
and colonies in whicli banks arc Intended to be established by the said corporation as hereinafter mentionuil, but
with full power to the directors hereinafter named, or the directors for the time being, to alter and vary such mcide
and amount of appropriation as they may think fit ; and that after the expiration of six calendar months from the date
of these presents, any shares which shall not have been sul.seribed for by persons so respectively resident as atorcsiiid,
shall be lortliwith subscribed for by some other person or persons in the ITiiited Kingdom : And we do further declare
and ordain, that tlie proportions and manner in which shares sliall be snbscrlbed for by |)crsons resident in some or one
of the said Islands and colonies, shall be adj udged and settled by a court of directors, who shall have power to determine
what number of shares shall be appropriated to subscribers resident in each of the said islands and colonies, and to re-
gulate the mo.
I'TIU of lb,. „,,
• line i.iii'li ni.tii
^ald (.'orporatli
the Runi of 1 1,
wedofnrlliir (
"crlptloii ►1,1,11 I
talned for that
ld«, her, ur (In.
than .i\m>. »tvt
•ii lircpi.rth'n t,
nnd he e.ifjtl.'il
fi'in, and nIuiU |
liiat the ■iijij f„
lieeonie entitled
ili»tlnctly fiitin
or corporate, w
hereby re<|idred
|ier<iiMs iiiiij In i
i(ir|iiirutl(/n, pur
mere perions sh
whosi. name slii
for all the purpr
|iriet( r <ir xiicli
ailndiiMralors,
which they shall
either the sum o
to such effiet as
transfer shall he
PI'ISOIIH lawfully
"iiilernentli, whi
to he made, or si
iiamcM, signlfyln
to hu kept by t|„
hy the said court
said ciiipi)rni|(,ti,
»• to be e.vccuted
•herein of the pet
politic or eorporn
torthwith bcciuut
60 transferring tl
persons or jicrsiu
tliereof J and that
the clerk, secretui
"uch transfer, an
tliat after any call
or persons, body j
monies called for
aoy share of the t
to ascertain who I
hereby reijiilred, o
of safely paying fi
we declare aud on
or of the profits aii
pn-serilied by the 1
eo|iy of the registe
traordinary in cha
rnitted to the ele.-k
in the book or boo
the said corporatioi
the protits arising
said will, or the pn
writing as aforesai
cutors thereof, and
shall he made and
estate and ett'eefs oi
the peace, orajudg
to the said clerk or
lieiiuest, clause, mn
trust or disposiHoii
of tlie executor or
all ciises (other thai
stock shall pa.ss fro
other legal means t
aforesaid shall he ni
the peace, or aju(lj<
to such other perso
intent that he may,
m tlie register hook
"' t'le propriotors o
said proprietors sha
as tile court of (lirccl
"e lieJd on the first
year ik:i;, „r on siu
l"i>ees ni London (u
PenciHl and of every
impers pdnteil and [•
w 111 sueh other ma
laUiire or omission ti
''"all not nflVct tlic v
««li'ips at any gem
iiUulaudeftectual as
AI'l'KNDIX.— W'F.ST INDII'.S.
91
hniii>niiil.
itirii,;tli ,
1) Ml I" I
III of tli>
t Iniliii
Aiiitiinl
til totnl
l'i)|iiilii'
tion.
1 in •S.\
\ in ■-' I
I ill .i:i
I in:?:;
1 in 40
1 ill W
1 in 32
I ill X>
I in :< >
I ill :i2
I in :ti;
1 in :i'''
1 in 3»
I in (I
1 in 3C>
8T Indies.
jfcndcr of the
1, and otlicm,
cUewliere, a«
llions BtcrllnK
hem, and the
1 tliat, before
ive been pre.
if our special
arcd, and ap-
declare, and
ikejr, William
Masterman,
, and Tiionias
ipital or joint
icr person or
clnat'tcr men-
lall from time
pltal or joint
and In name,
impleadcil, in
1)0 l)y them
, the piiriHisc
and not else-
irthcr (lecliire
sterlioK, to be
itases thereof
loolis shall he
joint stock ol
rdomof (ireat
cvcral islanils
ntioned, hut
.■y such nil"''
from the A»^'^
t a» atoresaiil,
irther declare
some or ""<■
to deterinini;
es, and to rc-
Kiiluto tho mndrK nnd pinert In, und at which thr xcvrrnl in^talnirnt* upon mirh nhnrcii •hrtll ho puhl, nnil the nntnre and
Inriii iif till' niitlci'H to l<o Kivrn or KiMit to the niili^crilitTA rei|iiiriiiK payment tlicrenf, ami in '«liat maniiiT nnil at what
llmrMit'h iiiiliri'H F.liall he HOiit or dilivcrcj : Ami we ilo fiitthiT will and ilirliire, lliat it Hhall not he liwfiil lor llin
^iilil (.'orjMirutliin to (•(imimnco or rarry on the niiid hn^iiic^s of hanklni; iieiiler ami liy virtue Mfttn'«r preientx until
the Kiini of 1 1, .MM), mill. kIihII hare heeii nuhscrllird for, anil the mini of .«,.viii,iiiiii. »hall have hern aetmilly paid up '■ And
wc ilo fiirlhrr ilerlarc ami ordain, tlial all ami every petnon ami limlies polltli- or corporato, hy and from whom any «uh.
"erlptiou 'liiill he miiile and areepted, and any payment on iii'eoiiiit thereof made purHiiiint to the provliloon herein eoii'
tallied for that purpose, for or towards the ral'-liiir of tlic said eapital sum of two millloiiH of pounds sieriliii; as aforesaid.
Ills, her, or their sueeessors, exeeutors, administrators, and n«siifns respectively ;no sueh suliserlptlon lieiinjlor lens
than .1 mil, sterlliiK) "Im'l lia^'' "Hd he entitled to a share of ami in tiie said capital or joint stock of tlie said eor|Hiratlon,
In proportli'ii to tlie monies which he, she, or tliey siiall have so huhscrihed towards maklnii: up the same, and sliall liavo
nnil he cilltleil to ii iiroportioiiiihle share of thu proliis ami advantaKCn ntteiiiliii); Ihe c^ipitiil stock of the said corpora-
lion, and shall he admltleil to lie n proprietor or proprietors of iind in tlie same : And wo do further declare and ordain,
that the said corporation shall cause tiic iiumes and designations of the several persons -vlio shall siihscrlhe for or
lierome ontlllcd In any slinre of tlie capital stock of tlie said corporation, with the amount of Kuch share, to he fairly ami
illstlnetly entered in a liook or hooks to be kept hy tlielr clerk or secretary, and that the several persons, bodies politic
or corporate, who shall suliscrllic foi, or have or hold any share or shares ot the said capital stock, khall, and they are
hereby re(|iilred, lo pay the sum or sums of money by them respectively siihscrlhed, at such tliiun and places, to hucIi
persons and In such manner as shall ho ordered ami (lireetcil by any court of directors for the time belnif of the said
corporation, pursuant to tlio provisions herein ciuitalned ; And wi> do further declare and ordain, tliat whenever two or
more persons shall lie jointly possessed of or entitled to any sliare of the capital stock of tho said corporation, the person
whose name shall for tlie time bciiir stand first in llie hooks of llie saiil corporation as proprietor ot such siiarc shall,
flit all the purposes of the said cor|. ration, and of this our charter, ho deemed nnd taken to he the sole owner or pro.
prietir of micIi sliaiei *nd that It sliall he lawful for the several proprietors of tlie said corporation, their executors,
ndmliil-tralors, successors, and asslifUH, to sell and transfer any share of tiie capital stock of the said corporation of
which they shall respectively ho possessed, or any part thereof (not heintr less than i'liiii, of such stock, and heinu
either the sum of .* Iiio. or some multiiilo of jt\mi. of such stock), ami that every such transfer shall he in such form and
to Mieli etTect us shall he devised liy the court of directors for tho time heliiK of thu said corporation i and every such
transfer shall be under the hand or hands of the proprietor or proprietors so trnnslcrrlntr such stock, or of some person or
peisons lawlully autlioriircd for that puriiose liy some writiuK under the hand or hands of such proprietor or proprietors
underneath, which trai sfer the person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, to whom such transfer shall be expressed
to be made, or some person by him, )icr, or them, lawfully authorized liy writliiK, slmll sitfii his, her or their name or
names, siKnifyliiK tlie m ceptanco of such transfer, which said triinsfcr shall he made and enteied or registered in a hook
lo lie kept by the said curporation for that purpose, and for which entry or rejjistry a fee, to he from time to time fixed
by llie said court <if dlreclors, not exceediiifc Ihe sum of lii». for each such transfer, shall be paid to and for tho use of tho
said corporation, In addlllon to any »tainp duty which shall bo payable in respect of such transfer) and that such transfer,
se to be executed as aforesaid, shall elTect the transfer of hiicIi stock, and shall convey the whole estate and Interest
Hierein of liio persou or pcrsora so transferring, or authorizinc the same to bo transferred, to the person or persons, body
politic or corporato, so laklin; or ncceptliiB the same, which person or persons, body politic or corporate, shall thereby
forthwith become In all respects proprietors of the said corporation, in respect cf such stock, in the place of such person
bit transferring the same, and that until such transfer shall be made and entered Into such book In manner aforesaid, no
persons or persons clalmliiK; an Interest In any such stock, hy purchase, or otherwise, shall be deemed the proprietor
thereof; and that a copy of such transfer, to be extracted from the same book wherein the same is entered, and siijned by
the clerk, secretary or other ofllcer of the said corporation, duly authorlrcil thereto, shall be sulflclent evidence of every
such transfer, and be admitted and received as such : Provided always, and wc do further order, declare, and ordain,
that after any call for money shall have been made, and become due and payable, by virtue of this our charter, no person
or persons, body politic or corporate, shall sell or transfer any share In the capital stock of the said corporation until the
monies called fur In respect of such share shall have been paid. And whereus. In cases where the original proprietor of
any share of the capital stock of the said corporation shall marry, die, become Insolvent or bankrupt. It may he difflcult
to ascertain who Is the owner or proprietor of such stock. In order to (jlve notice of calls maile on such stock in manner
hereby rciiuired, or to maintain any acthiii or actions aRiilnst him or her for the recovery of the same, or for the purpose
of safely payinj; to him or her the Interest or dividend to wliicli he or she may be entitled by virtue thereof; Now, therefore,
we declare and ordain, that hd'orc any person who shall claim any part or shore of the capital stock of the said corporation,
or of the profits arlslii;; therefrom, in riRht of iiiarria«c, shall he entitled thereto, a solemn declaratloi' In wrltinp (In tho form
prescrilied by the last Act, passed In the present year of our reinn, for the AlioUtion of Oaths, In certain cases), containing: a
copy of the register of such marrinKC, may be reipilrcd to be made and subscribed by a credible person, before a master ex-
traordinary In chancery, or justice of the peace, or a JudKe of some court of record ; and such decl'iration shall be trans-
Fnlttcdto the cle/k or secretary to the sold corporation for the time belnj;, who shall tile the same, and iiialic an entry thereof
in the book or hooka which shall be kept by tho said clerk or secretary for the entry of transfers of shares 'o the capital of
the said corporation ; and that before any person or persons who shall claim any part or share of the said capital stock, or of
the profits arising therefrom, by virtue of any beciucst or wUl, or In a course of administration, shall be entitled thereto, tho
said will, or the probate thereof, shall be produced, and shown to the said clerk or secretary, or such solemn declaration In
writing as aforesaid, contaliilni; a copy of so much of such will as shall relate to the appointment of the executor or exe-
cutors thereof, and the probate thereof, or of the letters of administration In case the proprietor shall have died intestate,
shall be made and subscribed by the executor or executors of such will, or by the administrator or administrators of the
estate and ett'ects of such Intestate (as the case may happen to be), before a master extraordinary In chancery, or a justice of
the peace, or a judfifo of some court of record j and such declaration, when so made aiid subscribed, shall also be transmitted
to the said clerk or secretary, who shall file and enter the same In the manner hereinbefore mentioned j provided that no
hecpiest, clause, matter, or thlnf^, In any such will contained, shall bind or affect the said cori>oratlon with notice of any
trust or disposition of any share of the said capital stock, but the re(?lstry of every such share shall be In the noine or names
of the executor or executors who shall prove such will, or of the aiiministrator or administrators of such Intestate ; and in
all ciises (other than those herelnliefore meutloned) where the riRht and property in any share of the said capital or joint
stock shall pa.ss from the orlKiual or other proprietor thereof to any other person or persons, body politic or corporate, by
other Iciiral means than hy such a transfer or conveyance thereof as herein directed, such solemn declaration In writing as
aforesaid shall be made and suhscribed to by two credible persons, before a master extraordinary in chancery, or a justice of
the peace, or a judifc of some court of record, statiiiK the ninniier in which the ri);lit and share In such property hath passed
to such other person or persons, and such declaiation shall be sent to the clerk or secretary of the said company, to the
intent tliat he may, nnd he is iieroby reipiircd to enter and reifister the name or names of any such proprietor or proprietors
in the register book or list of iiroprictors of the said corporation ; And we do further will and ordain, that general meetings
(if tlie projirictors of the saiii corporation shall from time to time be assembled, and that the first general mcetiuff of tlic
said proprietors shall be held im such day in the month of July is;t7, and at such hour and place, In London or Middlesex,
as tlie court of directors shall diieot ; and that a half-yearly general mectini? of the pmiirietors of the said corporation sliall
lie held on the first Monday in the month of January, and the first Monday in the month of July in every year after the
year 1k;i7, or on such other days in those two months respectively, and at such hours rcsiiectively, and at such place or
pliiees hi London or Middlesex, as tlie said court of dlicctors for tho time helnp may direct; and notice of the said first
Kcneral and of every other suhse(iuent general nieclinir shall be given hy public .idvertiscment in two daily morning news-
impers )iiinted and circulated in London, at least '.M days before the time to bo appointed for holding tiie same respectively,
or ill sucli otiier niaiiner as the said corporation at any general meeting sliall from time to time direct; provided tliat the
failure or omission to iiold any such general meeting, at the several times and in the manner prescrilied by this our charter,
slwll not nflVcttho validity ot this our diarter, nor cause the coriioration iiereby created to bedi-solved, hut that all pro.
ccediiigs at any general meeting which may be holilen in lieu or iiiste.-id of the meeting so omitted to be holdcn shall be as
valid and eft'ectual as If such last-inentioned meeting bad liccn duly holden, and such proceedings had taken place thereat :
^f
i
22
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
>|r
And we do further will nnd ordain, that nt niiy thne it shall be lawful for the court of directorH, or for any 10 or tnnrc pro.
priftors of the Maid corporation, each hoUllii); not less than ^6 1,1)00. of the eaiiital stock of iie said corporation in liis or Iut
own ri»;ht, if they shall think necessary, to ciUl a special general nicetinj!: of the said proprietors, to he held at any time and
place in lx)ndiin or MUldlesex, hy puhllc advertisement in two or more daily mornintf newspapers printed and circulated in
London, HI days at least before the time to he a|)pointed for hohlintc such meetinp ; and in such notice shall be specified the
rea-son of such special t;eneral nieetintr, anil the time and place at which the same shall he held, and the proprietors of the
Naid corporation are herchy authorized to meet pursuant to such notice; and further, that any half-yearly or special trerienU
meeting may he adjourned from time to time, and from place to place, in l.oniUm or Middlesex, as shall he thought expe-
dient; and if any such adjournnuMit shall be made for a lonj^er time than two days, notice thereof shall be Kiven by such
advertisement as aforesaid at least li days iirevimisly to the time to he ai)pointed for hohliuM; the same; and further, thai
no business shall lie transacted at any half-yearly or special or adjourned f?encral meetin);, ludess lo iiroprietors, lioliliiiK-,
in the atrsreifate, at least .tl(),()(i0. of the capital stock of the said conipany, shall assemble and proceed to business within
one hour from the time appointed for holding; such meetinj::, and that no business shall be transacted at any special (jjenend
meeting besides the business for which it shall have been called, and no other business shall he transacted at any adjouniiil
general meeting; than the business Icit unKnished at the meeting fnun which such adjournment shall have taken place ; and
further, that at every general nicctinsr of the proprietors of the said c-orporation, every pr<iprietor hohlinp: ^Mi). of the said
cajiital stock, aiul less than ^ l,U(io , shall be entitled to one vote, and holding: A l,OUli. and less than .tJ,l)(Hl. to two votes,
and holiiiuK .*2,00(l. and less than .i. 1,0(1(1. to three votes, and holdiu),' .t .I.OdO. or upwards to four votes; and no iieis(,n
shall be entitled to more than four votes, although possessed of more than .■t5,(ioo. of such stock ; and no person holdiii;;
less than .t'mt. shall lie entitled to any vote, or to be present at any general meetinpr of the proprietors of the said corpora
tion ; and hi the ca-e of proprietors of the said cmporation residing out of the United KinKihmi of Great Urit.-iin and Ireland,
all such votes may ne n'iven by proxy, to be ai)pointed by writing under the haiul of the projirietor so resident out of the
United Kinplom of (ireat liritain and Ireland, and entitled to such votes respectively ; and lurther, that any body politic or
corporate h(ddint,' any share of ;he capital stock of the said cor|)oration, shall l)e entitled to the same vote or votes (if any)
in resi)cct thereof as any other proiirietor of such share would liave been eidiiled to, and such vote or votes slisdl be (riven
by a proxy, to be appoiided by writinj; lunler the seal of such body respectively j and further, that if the holder nl
any share of the capital stock of the said corporation shall be an infant or lunatic, the ^ruardian or sruimlians of such
infant, or the conuuittee or connnittccs of such lunatic respectively, shall he entitled to the same vote or votes (if any , in
respect of the stiare of such infant or lunatic respectively, as the holder thereof respectively would have been entitled to ii
of full ase and of sane mind, ami such vote or votes shall be ^iven by a proxy, to be appointed by wrilinp under the hand or
hands of such Knardiaii nr guardians, conuuittee or committees respectively; and further, that every female holdintr an;
sliiU'c in the capital stock of the said coriiorathm, shall be entitled to (jive the vote or votes (if any) which she may lie
entitled to in respect thereof, by a proxy, apiiointed by writintf under her hand : Aiul we do further will anil ordain, that the
appointment of every proxy to vote ui-iler and hy virtue of this clnuter, shall or may he made in the form or to the ett'ect
foUowhiK; (that is to say) " 1 ,residin(vat , propriet<ir (ir
Kuaiilian or conuuittee of a proprietor) of jt of the capital stock of the Colonial Hank, do herci^y
nominate, constitute and appouit £o be my proxy, or the proxy of the said
, in my (or his or her) name, and in my (or his or her) absence to
vote, and give my (or his or her) assent or dissent to any Imsuiess, matter, or thiiif? relatint; to the said corporation, which
shall be mentioned or proposed at any meeting of the said corporatii ir any adjournment thcu:-f, until 1 or the said
) shidl revoke this appointment hy notice in \vritiii(,'
to the clerk of the said corporation ; in witness whereof, I lia\e hereimto set my hand, the day ot
." And every such appointment of proxy shiUl be produced to the clerk or secretary of
the said corporation, and he entered in a book, to be kept by him for that purpose, before any vote shiUl be Kiven ui resjiect
of such appointment, which book shall he sufficient authority for any i>roxy to Rive his vote or votes without production nf
his appoiidment at tlic time of votin(ir, imtil the same is revoked or determined, aiul notice thereof shall have been (jiven to
the said corijoration ; provided always, that every iiroxy shall be a iiroprictor of the said corporation ; Provided always, anil
we do further will anil ordain, that after the first general mcetin(r to be held under this charter, no proprietor shall be en-
titled to vote by proxy or in person at any half-yearly or special or adjourned (general meetini; of the proprietors of the said
corporation, in respect of any stock hekl by him or her, unless his or her name shall have been entered as the iiroprictor nl
such stock in the hook hereinbefore directed to he kept for that \)urpose, for the space of at least three calendar months nest
precedin); such meeting respectively ; and no iiroprietor shall he entitled at the first or any other (general meethig to vote
in respect of any stock lield by him or her, uidess the sums of money from time to time to he called for by the court of direc-
tors for the time beiuf?, and due and payable at or before any such meetuiji: in respect of the share of the stock held by such
proprietor, and all arrears thereof, shall have been duly paid up : Ami we do further will and ordain, that at every (general
nieetint; all ipicstions shall be decided by a majority of the votes (?iven by proprietors and proxies present, and not de(liiiin(;
to vote, aecordinjT to their respective number of votes; and ujion any ditterence of opinion, any proprietor may reipdre such
votes to be taken by ballot, but no baUot shall be kept open more than two hours ; aiul further, that at every half-yearly ami
special or adjourned (?eiieral meetin{;, the cliairman lor the time beinjr of the said corporation shall he chairman of such
meeting, or in his absence the deputy-chairniau for the time being of the said cor|inration shall be the chairman of m :h
meeting, and in tlie absence of both of those officers, one other of the directors of the said corporation shall he cliairnian nf
such meeting, or in the alisenee of any such director, then any proprietor shall be appointed chairman of such meeti iig by the
prOjiretois present thereat, and every such chairman shall be entitled to his vote or votes as a proprietor or proxy, auil in
Cose of any eiiuality of votes, he shall, in addition thereto, also have the castin(,' or deciding vote ; and the orders ami prn-
cecdiiigs of every general meeting shall be entered hi a hook or hooks to he keiit for that purpose, and shall be signed hy tlie
chairman of such meeting ; and such orders and proceedinga, signed as aforesaid, shall be allowed to be read in evidence in
all courts and places whatsoever ; And we do further will and ordain, that the said corporation shall have power anil au-
thority, at any special (jreneral meeting convened for that purpose, or at any half- yearly general meeting, to reminoimy
member of the ('ourt of the court of directors, or any auditor of the said corporation for the time being, nominated or tn he
elected by virtue of this charter, for misconduct or any other rea.sonable cause, and to elect any other proprietor, who shall
be at least entitled to .< 'J, oiHl. in the capital stock of the said corporation, in his stead, and from time to time to elect any
other proprietor, i|ualilieil as aforesaid, insteail of any cliairman, deputy-cliairman, director, or auditor for the time bcinir oi
the said corporation who sliall go out of office by selection or rotation, as is liereinafter provided for, or shall die, or re-icn,
or cease to be a proprietor in the said corporatiini, or to be entitled to .:* 2,0(lil. stock therein: And we do further will anil
ordain, that previously to every half-yearly generiU meeting, an account shail be [irepared by the court of directors iif the
debts and assets of the said corporation, with an account of the profits made in the hiUf-year next but one preeeiUng such
lialf-yearly meeting for the time being, as near as the same can be ascertained, and with all such other information as may
to the directors seem necessary to he given, or as may be re(|uireil by any bye-laws of the said corporation, which account
shall be laid before such meeting to be audited and settled ; and that at every such half-yearly general meeting, or some ad-
journment thereof, a dividend or dividends shall (if recommended hy the court of directors) be made out of the interests,
profits, or advantage of the said c(ui)oration, unless such meeting shall declare otherwise ; and a special general meetinj,'
shall at any time have full imwer to call for and examine and settle the accounts of the said corporation : And for the bettor
ordering luul governing the att'airs of the said corporation, and for making and establishing a continual succession iif pcisons
to be directors of the said corporation, we do, by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, grant unto the said Colo-
nial Usuik and their successors, and we do hereby order and appoint that tliere shall be from time to time constituted in
manner hereinalter mentioned, out of the members of the said corporation, a cliairman and ilepiity-chairman of thesaid
corporation, who shall also be directors, and 13 other directors as hereinafter mentioned, and tliree auilitors of the said cor-
poration, which chairniaii, deputy. chairman, and 13 other directors, or any five of them, shall constitute and be called a
coiu't of directors for the ordering, managing, and directing, in the manner and under the provisions liereinafier contained,
the aft'airs of the said ci)rpoiatu>n ; and that the said John Irving shall be the first chairman, the said Andrew t'olvill the
first deputy-chairman, and the said /Eneas Uarkly, Uavid Barclay, James C'avan, John .\lexauder llankey, William Tctlow
llihbcrt, Julm (iurney Uoare, John Irvine the younger, Charles M'tiarel, William MiUer, Thomas Masterman, Ahraham
George Roht
tion to the si
be the first ai
shall continii
afterwards u
shall sooner
he holilen in
tors then the
tors at 1.1,301
to act as a dli
of the capital
of at least .*■;
do further on
for the time b
of July 1H:|-, ,
time have po^
and of any dii
holilen in the
meeting; ami
lH:t8 and iKup
purpose bv tii
prnpr..'tors pr
live directors ;
or the auditor
re-elected at t
elected in the
tinned, be non
IKitfl; andfnrt
rectors, and tli
or any of their
shall be electei
in 11, ,and at ev
rectors and on
last election of
or re-elected ;
<iualifieil, be co
office of himsel
after the half-y
going out by si
which shall be
jiurpose, or for
siiinal vacancy,
shall he eonsidc
whose |)lace he
rily have gone i
aiiniiai meeting
sidered as conti
;:prson shall, afl
director or amU
court of directo:
shall he propose
general annual
cause whatsoev
before the meet
<laily morning n
intending to bee
auditor (as the e
some writing ui
Middlesex, eitht
proposed by hiir
tion of such dire
director or audit
the name of the
in some considci
the time of the
respectively, sha
for such jieriod a
tnrs, or any audi
pnration i and in
hy transfer, forli
rf;'2,«iio, or otlii
meeting as afnre
case may he) sha
pnration shall nit
any one of the
comiting-hoiise,
court unless five
jiirity in number
CDnmiatiiin, shal
••"••"t .diall be chi
eliaimian of the,
every court shall
that the said com
and concerns of t
Kingdom (if (irci^
remove or discha
wilers, and bve-hi
generally fur "tin
said rules, orik.|>
'"■proper; pi-,,vi,|
J'dercd and wiid
MidiUesex, and op
i, i
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
2.T
■ more prn-
II his or \\vr
iiy timo mid
irculatcd in
*lH'Cittl'(l tliu
ictors of tlie
;cial Koni'riil
mitjlit v\\n'-
vcii l)y MK'li
I'urtlier, tliut
)r», lioldiiit,'.
iness witliiii
I'cial M;i'iicrid
ly adjoiinifd
II plati' ; ami
1). of tin' said
;o two votes,
i<l no inrsi.n
rxoii holdiiii,'
saiil corpoia-
I and lrolan<l,
•lit out of tlic
i)dy politic iiv
votes {if any)
;hall 1)C (,'ivon
:he holder of
dians of siieli
;es (if any;, in
1 entitled to if
!r the hand or
u holdinj; any
h slie may lie
•(lain, tliat the
,r to the eft'eet
proiirietor .or
Ilk, do hereby
)xy of the said
ler) ahsenee to
oration, wliieli
1 1 or the said
ticc in writiiiK
day of
or secretary of
civcn in respect
it production of
L- been Riven to
led always, and
ftor shall he en-
tors of the said
e proprietor nl
ar months next
lueetiiig to vote
> court of direc-
ck heUl hy sncli
t every Reneral
ul not dceliniiii;
ay re(H'ire such
half-yearly and
nirnian of sudi
airman of si ;-li
he chairman "1
ineetintthytlie
pr proxy, aiuUn
orders and pi'o-
>e siKiii^'l •'>■ *'.'^'
[d in evidence in
power and au-
to remove any
liiinated or t" 1k'
.■iet(^r, who shall
lime to elect any
lie time heiii^'"i
.1 die, or rc^is".
further will ami
dircctm-s of tlic
preecdimr such
dnuation as may
[, which account
liiL', or Slime ad-
,)f the interests,
Leneral meelinff
„d for the better
•ssioii of peisiiiis
the said C':ili'-
he eoustitnled in
Irman of the said
of the said cor-
P aud he called a
liafier eontaincn.
lidrewColvilltli'-
William '1V0"W
■rman, Ahraliam
Georprc Roharts, Patrick Maxwell Stewart, and Alexander Stewart, the first n other dtreetorn of the said cnrpomtlmi. In addi-
tion to the sold Chairman and deputy-ohairman ; and that the said Samuel (iuriiey, Charles Marryat, and Thomas Moody, shall
he tlie first auditors of the said eoriioration ; and that the said chairman, deputv-ehairmaii, and i;t other directors andnuditors
shall continue in their respective ofticcs until the half-yearly general meetiiur to he Indden in the month of .(aniiary lH;tH, and
afterwariis iiutil others shall he duly elected in their stead in tiianner hereafter in that hehalf provided, unless they or any of them
shall sooner die, reslRn, or heeomedisiiualified as herein mentioned j and that if liefore the said half-yearly ireneral meethitrto
he holden in the said mcinth of. lanuarylH:W, there shall happen to he any vacaucyor vacancies in the lillice of directors or audi-
tors then the court of directors shall from time to time fill niisuch vacancy or vacancies so as to continue the iiumher of direc-
tors at 15,anilthenunil)erofanditorsatthree: And we do further order and ordain, that no iiroi>r'etor shall he eliirihle or (lualificrt
to act as a director or auditor <if the said corjioration, unless he shall at the time of liis election he the holder of at least .f.', mm.
of the caiiital stock of the said corporation ; and if any director or auditor shall at any time after his election cease to he the holder
of at least .i'.'.onit. stock, such person shall thereupon immediately cease to headirectororauditor, as thecasemay he : Ami wo
do further order aud ordain, that the remuneration to be received hy the chairman, deimty-cliairman, directors, and auditors
for the time heinR for their services, shall he fixed hy the iiroprietors assembled at the jreueral meeting: to beheld in the montli
of .luly 1H;17, or at some subse(|iieut half-yearly sfeiieral mcetimc, and that any half-yearly general meeting;: shall from time to
time have power to vaiy the same ; and further, that with the exception of the dircctms and auihtors liereiubefore named,
and of any directors or auditors to be a|)i)ointe(l hy the court <if directors previously to the half-yearly general meeting to be
holden in the mimth of .lanuary IKHH, as hereinbefore is iirovided, all directors and auditors shair he elected at a general
meetintr; and further, that at each of the half-yearly sreneral mectimrs to he holden in the month of .lanuary, in the years
lH:Waiid I HH() respectively, five of the directors and one of the auihtors, to he rcsiiectively nominated and selected for that
purpose by the court of directors, or (in default of the making such nomination and selection) by the majority of the (pnilified
propr. .'tors present at sucli half-yearly general meetiiijjs resiiectivcly, ami not dccliiiinp: to vote, shall t;o out of oflfice, a- d
live directors and one auihtor shall he elected or re-elected ; provided nevertheless, that in casctiic five directors, or any of them,
or the auditor, nominated imd selected to gi out of office at the meetintr to be hohleu in the month of January IHUS, shall be
re-elected at that meetintr. such directors or auditor so re-elected as aforesahl shall not, nor shall any director or auditor
elected in the place of any of such last-menti(uied directors or auditors, n]ion any occasional vacancy as hereinafter men-
tioned, be ncmiiiiateil or selected to ro out of office at the half-yearly general meeliiiu: to be holden in the month of .January
iHUft ; and further, that at the half-yearly general meeting to lie holden in the mouth of January iHtii, the remainintr five di-
rectors, and the remainiuf; auditor hereinbefore ai)pointed, or the directors or auditor 'if any) elected in the place of them,
or any of them, on any occasimial vacancies as hereinafter mentioned, shall ro out of office, and five directors or one auditor
shall be clectecl or re-eJected ; and further, that at the half-yearly peneral meeting to he holden in the month of January
iHii, and at every half->early general meeting to be holden in the month of January in every subser|uent year, t'.ie five di-
rectors and (me of the auditors who, for the time heiufr, shall have hecn the longest iii oHice (reckiniiufi: from the time of the
last election of each director or auditor) shall ro out of ottice by rotation, and five directors and one auditor shall be elected
or re-elected ; and further, that any director or auditor for the tune bcinfr going out of oftice shall, if in other res|K'cts duly
(inalified, he c(msi(lere(l immediately, or at any time afterwards, re-eligihle to snpi)ly the place vacant hy the going out of
office of himself or of any other (Urector or auditor ; and further, that upim any vacancy in the ofiice of director or auditor
after the half-yearly general meeting to be holden in the month of January lH:i8, from any cause whatsoever (exccjit that of
going out hy selection or rotati(m, as aforesaid), the same shall he filled u)) either at the first half-yearly general meeting
which shall he held after such vacancy shall have occurred, or at a special general meeting to be called and holden for that
purpose, or for that and other purposes ; and further, that any person who shall, in conseiiuence of an accidental or occa-
siimal vacancy, he aiipointed a director or auditor, shall he a substitute only for the persim whose place he n\ay sujjply, and
shall he cimsidered to have been elected at the same time, and shall continue in office only for the same period as the person
whose i)lace ho may supply would have cotitinued if he had not vacated his oftice before the time at which he must necessa-
rily have gone out of office by rotation, or by such selection hy the court of directors as aforesaid ; and that at every generiU
Bimuai meeting the directors and auditors going out of office on that day shall, for all the purposes of such meeting, be con-
sidered as eontinning in such their resiiective offices until such meeting shall break up or adjourn ; and further, that no
;:crson shall, after the half-yearly general meeting to he holden In the month of January 18HH, be capable of being elected a
director or auditor of the said cori)orati(m, unless the name of such person shall have been included in the list which the
court of directors are re(|uircd to cause to he posted up as hercinadter mentioned; and that not more than (me candidate
shall he proposed by any one proprietor : And we do further declare and ordain, that up'ni any vacancy which, after the
general annual meeting to he holden in the month of January 1«3H, shall happen in the office o.' director or auditor, from any
cause whatsoever (excei)t that of going out hy selection or rotathin as aforesaid), the court of directors shall, at least 30 days
before the meeting at which such vacancy is to be fUlcd up, give notice of the vacancy, hy advertising the same in some
daily morning newspaper, printed and circulated in London ; and shaU state in such advertisement, that every proprietor
intending to become a candidate, or to propose some other proprietor as a candidate for the vacant office of (Urector or
auditor (as the case may be), must, within 10 days from the time when such advertisement shall be inserted, signify, by
smne WTiting under his or her hand, to he left within the same 10 days at the oflice of the said corporation in Limdcra or
Middlesex, either Ills own intention to become a candidate, or the name and place of abode of the candidate intended to he
proposed by him or her ; and that thereupon the court of directors shall, at least 14 days before the day on which the elec-
tion of such director or auditor (as the ease may be) is to take place, cause the name of every can(li(late for the office of
director or auditor, (and in every case where any such candidate shall he projjosed hy any other proprietor, coujilcd with
the name of the candidate proposed by him or her), to be fairly written ont or printed in one list, which shall be posted u]i
in some conspicuous part of the office of the said corporatiim in London or Middlesex, and be there kept posted up until
the time of the election : And we do further will and ordain, that the chairman and deputy-chairman of the corporation
respectively, shall from time to time he elected from ainimgst themselves, by the court of Directors for the time being, and
for such period as to them shall seem meet ; And we do further will and ordain, that any member of the said court of direc.
tnrs, or any auditor, may at any time vacate his office, hy sending his rcsignaticm in writing to the oftice of the said cor-
poration i and in c»se any member of the said court, or any auditor, shall, during the continuance of his respective office,
by transfer, forfeiture, bankruptcy, or otherwise, reduce the amount of stock held by him in the said com|)any behiw
d 2,(1(10, or otherwise shall become disiiuahfied to be a memljcr of the said court, or shall he removed by any general
meetinp- as aforesaid, then, wid in every such ease, the office of such member of the said court, or of such auditor (as the
case may be) shall instantly become vacant : And we do further will and ordain, that the cimrt of directors of the said cor-
poration shall meet one day in every month at the least, and at such other times as they shall think fit and proper ; and
any one of the said directors may at any time call a meeting of the said court, by notice in writing sent to the residence,
counting-house, or office of every member of the said c(nirt, hut no business shall he transacted at any meeting of the said
court unless five members shall be present; and that all (luesthins at any court shall be decided hy the votes of the ma-
jority in niimlier of members present ; and that at every court the chairman, or in his absence the deputy-chairman of the
conioi ation, shall be chairman of such court, and in the absence of both those officers some other member of the said
■'■.::;rt ohall be chosen chairman of such c(nirt, by the members present ; and in case of an eipial division of votes, such
chairman of the court for the time being shall have the casting vote, besides his own vote; and that the proceedings of
every court shall he entered in a book, to he kept for that purpose, and he signed hy the member in the chair; and further,
that the said court of directors shall have full power to direct, manage, superintend, regulate, and control all the afTairs
and conctrns of the said corporation, and to appoint all the agents, officers, and servants thereof, as well in the United
Kingdom of (ireat Uritain and Ireland as abroad, and to fix their respective salaries or wages ; and from time to time tn
remove or discharge any such agents, officers or servants, and to appoint others in their stead ; and to make such rules,
onlers, and bye-laws for the good government of the said corporation, and of their said agents, officers, aud servants, and
generally for the sui)eriiiten(lence and management of the said corpmation, and from time to time to alter and repeal tlio
said rules, orders, and regulations, or any of them, in such manner as the said court shall irom time to time think expedient
or proper; provided always, that all such rules, orders, iind bye-laws as shall from fine' to time be in force shall be fairly
entered aud written in a book or books, to he ke|)t for that purpose sit the office of the said corporation in London or
Middlesex, ami open to the inspection of tlie said directors and other proprietors at all seasonable times ; And we do further
'M
11!
i
U4
APPENDIX.— WEST INDIES.
in
ordain and declare, that In all rases where the jirovisions and repnlations contained in these presents shall not l)e apiiUcalilc
to the local situation ()r circumstances of sucli .sul>scril)ers or proprietors, or other liolders of any sliare c)r sliarcs in tlic
capital of tlie said corporation, as are or slmll he resident in or at any of flic several islands and colonies liereitihefdic
mentioned, or elsewhere ttian in the United Kingdom of (;reat Biitain and Ireland, it shall and may be lawful for tlie ((uirl
of directors, from time to time, wlion and as often as occasion sliall recpiire, or they shall thinlj fit, to make all such rules nr
Ijye-laws, regulations, and provisions relative to any such suliscribers, i)r<iprietors, r)r holders as last aforesaid, ami
with repard to their respective shares and interests in the ca|)ltal of the corporation, as the circumstances of the casi' in-
cases for the time heiiiff to be provided for shall, in the judfinnent and at the sole discretion of the court of directors, apjiciir
to demand or reipiirc ; and from tinie to time to alter, vary, and repeal all or any of such rules, bye-laws, retrulatins,
and provisions, ami to make others in their stead : And we further will and ordain, that the coint of directors sliall appninf
the idace and hour of holding every half-yearly (rencral meeting, and shall cause at least '.'1 days' notice of every IkUi.
yearly (general meetinp, and 14 days' notice of every adjourned (general nieetinf;: which shall adjourn for a lonjrer time tli;iM
two days, to be triven by advertisements in manner albresaid; and further, that (subject at all times to the rules, ordi is,
and directions of the ceneral meetings of the said corporation) the said court of directors shall have full jiower to unlcr
ami dispose of the custody of their common seal, and the use and application thereof, and execute all the powers henliy
ffiven to the said corporation) And we do further will and ordain, that the said court of directors shall have power, Innu
time to time, to call for the amount subscrilied by the several subscribers and proprietors for the time beiripr, which iimuiiiii
shall be paid by the said subscribers and proprietors at such times and jilaees, and in such sum or sums, as slmll be up
liointed by the said court, so that no such e;ill shall exceed the sum of .■f2». for every .-f lUii. subscribed j and II diivs'
notice, at least, shall be (riven of every such call as aforesaid, by advertisenients in two or more of the daily mornhijj: newspapiis
printed and circulated in London : And we do further will and ordain, that the respective bodies and persons who shall In.
proprietor or proiirietors of any stock in the said corporation shall jiay the sum or sums by them respectively subseriheil,
or such parts and proportions thereof as shall from time to time be called for by the court of directors of the said nir-
poration, by virtue of and airreeably to the jiowers and directions of this charter at such times and places, and in
such manner, as shall be tlirected by the said court, ; and in case any body or bodies, jierson or persons, lieiiifr a
subscriber or subscribers, or proprietor or proprietors, of any share or shares of the capital stock of the said corporation,
shall neglect or refuse to pay his, her, or their rateable or proportionable part of the money called for as aforesaid, at
the time and place appointed by such court, or within 30 days next ensuing:, he, she, or they so neirlectinif or rehisinir
shall forfeit and pay the sum of five pounds for every st' 1000. he, she, or they shall have subscribed or held, or be
entitled to, in the capital of the said corporation and in case such person or persons shall continue to nepleet or refuse
to pay his, her, or their rateable call or c.iUs as aforesaid, for the space of two calendar months next after the time so
appointed for payment thereof, then and in every such case it shall be lawful for the said court of directors (whether
they shall or shall not previously have sued for the same as hereinafter mentioned, if they shall tliink proper), to
declare that the respective shares of the capital stock of the said corporation held by the body or bodies, jierson or persons,
so refusing or neglectinp, shall be forfeited, and thereupon the said share or shares, and all the profits and benefits thereof,
shall he forfeited to and become vested in the said corporation : And we do further will and ordain, that when any share of
the said capital stock shall by virtue of this charter have become forfeited to or vested in the said corporation as aforesaid,
then and in every such case it shall be lawful for the said corporation, or the court of directors for the time beinp, and they
are hereby authorized and empowered, at any time thereafter to sell or cause to be sold by public auction or private contriict,
and hy writing: under the common seEil of the said corporation to assign and transfer such share unto any person willini: to
become the purchaser thereof, liis or lier executors, administ 'utors, or asf i'rns, and such assignment and transfer shall lie
{food, valid, and effectual against the owner of eveiy such share, and al' pr-r-ions claiming under him, her, or them ; jiro-
vided always, that in case the money produced by '"e oalt nf any such share shall be more than sufficient to pay any such
arrears, as aforesaid, and legal interest thereon, together w i'b the penr..ties incurred by nonpayment and the cxiiciises
attending the sale thereof, then and in such case it shall be lawful loi liie court of directors for the time being, if they sliall
think fit so to do, hut not otherwise, to pay the surplus arising from such sale to the person or persons to whom such share
shall have belonged ; provided also, that tlie said corporation shall not by virtue of this charter at any time or times sell or
transfer, or direct to be old or transferred, any more of the stock of such defaulter or defaulters than shall be sufhcient, as
near as may be, at the time of sucli sale, to pay the arrears due from such defaulter or defaulters, for or on account of such
call or calls, and the interest, penalties, and expenses attending the same j and from and after the payment of every call ur
calls to be made 1./ virtue of this charter, and the interest, penalties, and expenses as aforesaid, any stock vested in the said
corporation as aforesaid which shall remain in their hands unsold, shall revert to and again become the property of the
person or persons, body or bodies politic or corporate, to whom such stock shall have before belongeil, in such maniur as if
such calls had been duly and regularly paid; so, nevertheless, that nothing in tills proviso contained shall be deeiiu'd
or construed to compel the said corporation to sell any fractional part of .* lOO. of the said stock : Provided always, and wc
do further will and ordain, that in -^asc !:ny person or persons, body politic or corporate, who shall have subscribed for or he
entitled to any share or shares in the cajiital of the said corporation, shall neglect or refuse to pay his, her, or their ratealilc
or proportionable part of any sum of money to be called for at the time and jilace and in the manner to be directed for that
puriKJse by the said court of directors as aforesaid, the said corporation are hereby empowered to sue for and recover the
same in any of our courts of law or equity whatsoever : And we do further will ami ordi-un, tliat if any deceased sub.scriher
or subscribers, proprietor or proprietors, shall not have left assets siiflicient, or in case tlie executor or executors, admi-
nistrator or administrators, trustee or trustees, committee or committees, guardian or guardians, shall refuse or neglect tu
answer such call for the space of three calendar months next after notice thereof, by advertisement as aforesaid, shall have
been given of such call, the said corjioration sliall be, and they are hereby authorized and rccpiircd to admit any other
person or persons to be a proprietor or jiroprietors of the stock of such decea.sed jiroprictor or proprietors, on condition that
he, she, or they so admitted do and shcUl, on or before such admission, pay to tlie executor or executors, administratdr or
administrators of such deceased proprietor or jiroprietors, or to the trustee or trustees, committee or committees, guardian
or guardians of the infant or infants, or other person or persons who may be entitled to his, her, or their effects, tlio
full sum or sums of money which shall have been paid by such proprietor or proprietors, in his, her, or their lifetiiiu', liy
virtue of any call or calls or otherwi.sc, ujion such stock, or such other sum or sums of money as the same can lie sold
for; and in case no person or persons shall be found who is or are willing to be admitted upon such condition as afore ^aid,
then and in every such case such share or shares shall be forfeited to and become vested in the said corporation : And wu
do further, for us, our heirs, and successors, grant unto the said Colonial Hank and their successors, and we do w ill and
direct and appoint, that it shall and may he lawful for the said corporation, for the period of 2U years, conimeiicuig fniiii the
1st day of May 18;i6, to carry on tlie business of bankers, by <lealing in bullion, money, and bills of exchange, and kiidiiiK
money on commercial jiaper and (iovcrnmeiit securities, aiui in sueli other lawful ways and means as are usually practisiil
among bankers ; but it shall not be lawful for the said corporation to lend or advance money on the security of lands,
houses, or tenements, or upon ships ; nor to deal in goods, wares, or merchandize of any nature or kind whatsoever: And
we do further will and ordain, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said corporation, during the same jieriod, tu
establish one or more principal bank or banks in the islands of Jamaica and Uarbadoes, and in such other islamls or places
in the West Indies and British Guiana, as by them shall be considered expedient, with such branches or agencies as Irom
time to time maybe found convenient; and at and from such iirincipal bank or banks, branches, and agencies, or any of
them, to make, issue, and circulate notes, payable in dollars to bearer <ni demand, or otherwise, provided that no such note
sliall be issued for less than the sum of five dollars ; and provided that all such notes he made payable in dollars of acknow-
ledged weight and fineness to bearer, on demand, as well at such iirincipal bank or banks, and every of them (if more than
one of such principal banks shall bo established), as at the branch or agency from wliich the same shall have issued; and
provided also, that the said corporation shall not discount any bills of exchange, promissory notes, or other negotiai lo
paper, on which the name of any director or ofiicer of the said corporidion shall apiicar as drawer, acceptor, or iiiiloiscr to
an amount exceeding one-third of the wli(de amoiiiit of the sum for the time being under discount by the said corporation :
And we do further ordain and declare, that it shall be lawful for the s;ud corporation, iintwithstanduig the Statutes nl Mort
mahi, or any other statutes or laws, or anything herein contained to the coulnuy tlieieof, to piircliase, take, hold, "iid
enjoy, to them and their successors, as well in the United Kingdom of Great llritain and Ireland as in any of tlie siiid islaiul»
and colonics 1
such ships an.
oiaiiagiiig, c-o
jiiirpuscs, nor
o/ the same re:
111' -on ami p^
aiilliorily to j;r
-iirli houses, ol
oi'--ly : And we
sliall become ii
lie liable to be i
odill tlie stock
Hit; and that al
coriiiiratiou sus
shall take jdace
piililish, in som
in the London (
the close of the
diirin;,' every mr
av:ulal)le in evei
yearly account i:
ho established ;
coriioration : An
carried on bv tin
and the assets ai
priotors, accordii
■ Md declare, that
law, aecordinu: t<i
and Judges in oi:
of and ill our sail
or may concern ;
and (or the best a
Hritaiii and Irelai
ii'cital, uncertain
(lovornors of our
patent, and to be i
•'ic. the 1st day of
A A. —
WiiKBEAs the coi
the current coin
and of Spani.-li, M
Doubloons and n
advice of our Ptiv
and ordain, that tl
«< being of the fi
shall circulate and
ciiirent money oft
in Douhlooiis and ;
the same manner a
[By an Order in Co
KB
There are 21
Kstahlishinent.
The number of or
[ Kirk of S(
Presbyter]
Roman Ci
Jewish Ch
_ ^^"csleyati
^ t; J Wesleyan
-^ j Baptist Mi
■ =* Baptist Sc(
Church M,
London
Scotch
Moravian
o
01
c
?. ■c
T
Established
Tl
apiilicntilc
laiTs in tlu'
i-roiiilii'l'iirc
ir tlK' ciiurt
ich rules or
rosaid, ami
the fa'it' cir
(irs, appoiir
C'trnlali'>ns,
lall appnint
evory \ialf-
-r tinii" than
lies, nrikMs,
nT to oriU'r
WITS tieri'liy
power, IVci'.ii
lii'li aiiioiMil
slmll bi' ap.
.ml U (lays'
: newspapers
will) sliall lie
r suliscrilieil,
;hc said cnr-
ices, ami in
JUS, bcinc a
corporatiiui,
aforesaid, at
p or refiisiii),'
ir held, or bo
•Icct or refiiso
sr the time so
tors (whether
k proper), to
in oT persons,
nefits thereof,
I any share of
1 as aforesaid,
einK, niul tlicy
ivate eoiitract,
son wilUiiL' to
msfer sliall he
[ir thcni; iiro
I pay any such
. the expenses
ig, if tliey shall
lom such share
or times sell or
16 suftieieiit, as
ccount of sueh
f every call or
ited ill the said
iropcrty ot the
1 manner as if
all be deemed
Iways, ami wc
ribert for or he
their rateahle
reeled for that
id recover the
isc<l subseribor
iccutors, adiiii-
. or lieMrleet to
iaid, shall have
Unit any other
condition that
Iministrator or
ttccs, );uardmn
eir effects, the
■ir lifetime, liy
nc can be sold
as alore-aiil,
ition : Ami \"i
do will and
icinj; fronitlie
', and lendinc:
pjallv praelisid
urityi.f lands,
atsoever ; And
anie iieriod, to
lanils or places
encies as iroui
icics, or any of
t no such note
ars of acknow-
li {if more than
Ivc issued ; and
]hcr ne)jotia''li;
or indorser to
id corporation ;
itutes of Mori
,,lie, hold, and
;he said islami'
APPENDIX I— WEST INDIES. 25
and colonics hereinbefore mentioned or referred to, such houses, ofHccs, bniUlinps, lands, and other hcrcilitaments, and also
sneli ships and vessels as slmll or may from time to time be actually and Ao/ki/iV/c necessary and proiier for the purpose of
manaKiiDf. eonductiufr, and carryinjr on the aft'airs, concerns, and business of the said corporation, but ncjt for any other
pnr])oses, nor so as to he in any manner made instrumental for the jnirposes of spiciilntion ; and to sell, convey, and dispose
of the same respectively when not wanted for the purpose (jf their .'aid business : And we do In'i'eby t'lant unto all anil every
pe. -'on and persons, and bodies politic or corporate, who are or shall be olhcrwise competent, oin especial licence and
authority to tcrant, sell, alien, and convey in mortmain unto and to the use of the s.aid cor|iiiration and llieir successors, any
sncli houses, ortices, buildings, lands, and other liorcditanients, and any sueh ships or vessels whatsoever as aforesaid nccord-
inu'ly : And vs'c do further will ami <leclare, that these presents are upon this express condition, that if the said corporation
shall become insolvent, all and every the proprietors for the time beiiur of any inteivst or share in the cajiital thereof, shall
he liable to be called on to contribute to the payment of the debts and liabilities of the said cor|ioration, to the full amount
of all the stock held by them in the said corporation, althouii;h the same shall not have be'cn theretofore called for and paid
\\\i: and that all tlio powers, privileges, and authorities hereby Kiveii shall utterly cease and be void, in the event of the saiil
corporathm suspendiii); cash payments, in manner hereinbefore provided, for the space of lid days, w liether sueh suspensiou
shall take place at any principal or branch bank ; and further, that the said corporation shall be bound to make up and
pnhlish, in scmie newspaper or ncwspaiie-rs circulating' i" each of the colonies in which a bank shall be established, and also
in the London Gazette, once in every year, an account or statement showinj; the whole amount of its debts and assets at
the ehise of the past year, and shovvint; also, the amount of its note's, i)ayal)le on (U'lnand, whicli had been in circulation
dining every month of sueh year, to)rether with the amount of specie, di tiinruishini^ each kin<l, and other assets imniediatelv
aviiilable in every such month for the disehartje of such notes; and that the said corporation shall furnish copies of sucji
yearly account or statement to the respective (iovernors of each islan<l or cohiiiy in which a principal bank or branch shall
lie estabhshed ; and further, that the said corporation shall not become purchasers of any of the capital stock of the said
eiirporation : And we do further will and ordain, that on the <letermination of the said term of 'jn years, the business so to be
carried on by the saitl corporatiiui shall cease, and the de-bts and en^'aircments thereof shall be liiiuidated and discharsjed,
and the assets and property thcrivif, sohl, disposed of, and converted into money, and the sur|dus ilivided ,imou);st the jiro-
l)ncti>rs, according: to their shares and interests in the capital thereof. And we do, for us, our heirs and successors, prant
and declare, that these our letters iiatent, or tlic inroliiicnt thereof, .shall be in and liy all tilings valid and ctl'ectual in the
law, accordhii; to the true intent and meaniiiM: of the same, and shall he reeopnised as valid and eft'eetual by all our courts
ami Jiidpes in our United Kingdom of Cireat Britain ami Ireland, and by the resijcclive (iovernors and courts of judicature
of and in our said islands and colonics, and all other olticcrs. iiersous, and bodies politic or corporate, whom it doth, shall,
or may concern ; and that the same shall be taken, construed, and adjudged in the most favourable and beneficial sense,
and fur the best advantage of the said coriioration, as well in our several courts of record in our United Kingdom of (ire'at
Hiitaiii and Ireland, and in our several islands and colonies aforesaid, as elsewhere, notwithstamlinp any non-recital, mis-
recital, uneertainty, or imperfection in these our letters patent. And we do hereby require ami enjoin the respective
(Iovernors ot our said several islands and cohmics, for the time beiiifr, to pive full force and effect to these our letters,
patent, and to be in all tlungs aiding and assisting to the Stiiil corporation and their successors. In witness, &c. Witness,
,S:c. the 1st day of June.
By Writ of Privy Seal.
E.\d. L. B. Allen.
Comptroller and Surveyor of the Ilauaper.
[For the operalio7is of this Compawj, see Book I. Chapter I. p. 20.]
A A. VALUE OK noUBI.OON AND SPANISH DOLLAR. (bY THE QUEEN, A PROCLAMATION.)
WiiKRF.As the coin current in our West India Colonies, including: our Province of British Guiana, consistinsj partly of
the current coin of the United Kingdom, and partly of Spanish, Me.Kican, and Columbian gold coin, called Doubloons,
and of Spanish, Mexican, and Columbian silver coin, called Dollars ; and it is expedient that the rate at which the said
Doabloons and Dollars shall circulate in our said Colonies should bo ascertained anil fixed. Now therefore, we, by the
advice of our Privy Council, have thought fit to declare and ordain, and, by the advice aforesaid, we do hereby declare
and ordain, that throughout the whole of our said Colonies the said Doubloon shall circulate and be received in payment
as being of the full value of Sixty. four Shillings sterling, current money of the United Kingdom, and the said i)ollar
shall circulate and bo received in payment as being of the full value of Four Shillings and Two Pence sterling, like
einrent money of the United Kingdom. And in all payments to be made in any of our said Colonies, tender of payment
in Doubloons and Dollars, or either of them, at the rate aforesaid, shall he deemed and taken to be a lawful tender, in
the same mauuet as if sucli tender had been made in the current coin of the United Kingdom.
Given at our Court at Windsor, this Fourteenth Day of September, One Thousand Eight Hundred and
Thirty-eight, and in the Second Year of our reign. God save the Queen.
[Ry an Order in Council of the 7th Sept. 1838, the authorized circulation of the Spanish dollar at is. Ad. was disannulled.]
B B. — Religious Instruction in Jamaica. \^Com. Paper 1837-38, No. 113.]
There arc 21 parishes in the Island, ia each of which there is a p.irish church in connexion with the
Kstalilishment. There are, besides, 32 chapels of ease in the island, and a few licensed places of worship.
The number of ordained clergy is 61, and of catechists 7.
■ Kirk of Scotland .....
Chapels.
Stations.
Clergy.
Missionaries.
2
• •
2
r"
Presbyterian Church ....
1
• •
1
Roman Catholic Church ....
4
. ,
4
, ,
at
Jewish Church .....
3
. .
3
, ,
C a;
Wcsleyan Missionary Society
26
Numerous
23
ti't
Wesleyan Secession ....
3
1
3
I
.£ "^ "
Baptist Missionary Society ....
2,5
Numerous
• .
20
ff
Baptist Secession .....
12
2
13
. •
o
Church Missionary Society
3
1
. •
.5
o
London ""....
8
1
, ,
6
H
Scotch •■"....
7
Numerous
, ,
9
Moravian ""....
Total .....
9
Numerous
••
11
103
25
76
Established Church ....
Total .....
.'■)3
••
61
7
156
Numerous
86
83
'.IP r-
'2r,
APl'ENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
A. — Bank of British Guiana.
Ordinanet by Hh Exceilvncj) Majnr-GenFriil Sir Jnmrx Carmirliuel Smt/th, C. B. ffc. Gnrernnr of nri/i.s/i Oiiiiind, ^c,
4c. ffc. — /jy I'lid with tlif admre and rniisent of the lionournblc Court of I'olii'ij of the mid Colony .
To nil to whom these Presents do, may, or shall come, Greetiiipp ! he it knowni :
WifRBEAs the several persons hereinafter nsinied, jm-sented to Tlis Excellency the Lieiitenant-Governor and the Ilonnralili'
the Court of Piliry, their liunihle iietition settin;; forth that a ninnerous and respectable poition of this community having-
taken into consideration the jrreat advantage likely to resnlt to the colony at larf^e, from the establishment of a local hiiiik
in Hritish (iniana, ha<l snhscrihed the deed of settiemcnt of articles of co-partnershii), and a meetintr of the suhscrilicrs lulil
on the M\ Oetoher of the jiresent year (is:i()", had elected the said iictitioners directors for the (iovernnient of the C'lmipaiiy,
and for the purpose of jietitioninp for the enactment of an Act of Incorporation founded on the said deed of settlement : aiiil
prayinjf that an ordinance may l)e enacted, sanctioninK the estahlislnnent of tlie Uritisli ({uiana Bank, and conferriiit.' imi
the same tlie rijfhts and |)rivUuKCs necessary to carry into effect the i)rovisions in the said deed of settlement : And wliinas
the estahlislnnent of such a body corporate, has been represented by the said petitioners as likely to be highly advanta^aiiiis
to the community at Inrse ; —
1. Be it therefore enacted, by His Excellency the Licntenant-Ciovernor, by and with the advice and consent of tlio
Court of Policy of British (iuiana. Tliat John Croal, .lohn (Jroscort Reed, Charles Benjamin, William Jolmston, AlexaiKicr
Glen, John Lane, Ellis Jolin TroURliton, Jun., Abraham Garnett, and James Archibald Holmes, Esquires, or such of them
as shall become subscribers of not less than fourteen thousand guilders each, towards the capital, or joint stock, hereiiiaftir
mentioned, in the manner hereinafter provided, together with such and so many other perscms, bodies politic or corporate', a<
shall become subscribers of or towards tlie caintal, or joint stock, hereinafter mentioned, in manner hereinafter proviileil; and
such other ])ersons bodies politic, or corporate, as shall from time to time in the manner hereafter ))rovided, become pm-
prietors of any part of such capital, or joint stock, (not beinj? a fractional part of seven hundred Ruilders of such stock, shall
be one body politic and corporate, in deed and in name, by the name of " The British (iuiiuia Bank," and by that name
shall and may sue and he sued, imi)lead and be impleaded in all courts, whether of law or Ecputy, ami shall have iicipetual
Kuccession with a conmion seal which may be by them chanfjcd or varied at their pleasure : and service of process U|i(iii tlio
chairman, or any of the directors of the said bank, shall be deemed and ailjudned to be (food and surticient service.
2. And be it further enacteil by the authority aforesaid, that the said corporation shall be established for the jiurp'isc of
carryinfr on the business of a banker in British (iuiana, subject nevertheless, to such restrictions and provisions as arc
hereinatter contained.
.1. And belt further enacted as aforesaid, that the eni>itat, or joint stock of this corporation, shall consist in (he lir<t
instance of the siuii of four inilli(m two hundred thousaiul Mrnilders, to be subscribed in six thousand sl.ares of .seven hundred
(Tuilders each : and that so soon as the said sum of four millions two hundred thousand Kuilders shall have been paiil ii|),
and not before, the said capital or joint stock, shall or may be increased and raised to the sum of sc^ven million (guilders, liy
a<ldin)f to the ori(rinal sum the further sum of two nuUion eiirht hundred thousand guilders, to be subserilied in fourtlic"i«aiid
shares of seven hundred gnilders each, provided such increase be deemed advisable by the corporation, and be sanctiomd
by the votes f)f two-thirds at least of the proprietors of the oriprinal capital, or joint stock, present either in person or hy
proxy, at a preneral me<'tinK convened expressly for the purpose of deliberating on s\ich increase. The votes on this questiuu
eitlier in person or by proxy, to be siven as in all other cases in the manner hereinafter provided.
4. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that books shall be opened for taking subscriptions to the said cai)ital or joint
stock, and that of the said original capital or joint stock of four million two hundred thousand guilders, the sum of two
million cipht hundred thousand (fuililer.s shall be ai)portioned to subscribers resident in British Guiana) and the sum if
fourteen hundred thousand guilders to persons connected with the said colony, or with the said corporation, as a«eiits,
resident elsewhere. Hut if tlie said sum of fourteen hundred thousand guilders be not subscribed for hy persons conuortiil
with the colony or with the said corporaticm as atrents, resident elsewhere, within fcnir months from this date, the reniaiiiiii-'
shares of the original capital shall he aiiportioned and distributed as may liereafter be afrreed on at a general nieetintv of the
shareholders. And should it be decided to increase the capital or joint stock of this corporaticm as hercin-before inciitiouiil,
the new shares shall be apporticmed and distributed as may be decided upon in like manner : Provided, however, that n >
individual or company, or body corporate, shall hold at any time more than two hundred shares of the capital or joint stink
of the said eorjioration.
5. And be it further enacted, that the modes and times in and at which the several instalments >ipnn the shares .«tiall I c
paid, and the nature and form of the notices to he (fiven re(piiriri(r payment thereof; and also the form of receipts for im\
incuts, and the nature and form of notices for meetings shall be regulated anil determined by the directors appointed, or I'
he appoii\ted as hereinafter mentioned.
6. Ami be it further enacted, that it shall not be lawful for the said corporation to commence or carry on the sai-i
business of banking under and by virtue of these presents, until the sum of two million one hundred thou^iand guilders slii.ll
liave been subscribed for, and four lnin<lred and twenty thousand guilders actually paid up. Provided always, that by il'i'
yist Pecember, I8;i;, three fourths of the capital of the comiiany shall he subscribed for, and not less than one millii n t""'
hundred and sixty thousand guilders t)e paiil up.
it
s
7. And he
whom any sul
herein contain!
should the said
inillions of gnl
of ami in the s
so suh.'^erilied
advantages atti
ill the same.
S. And be ,
persons who si
aniount of siicl
persons, bodies
shall, and they
lilaces, to such
of said coriiorat
y. And be i
stock of the sail
the proprietor o
to fill the ottice
lU. And bei
of the said eorpi
or any part ther
guilders, or som
M'tlled by the Ui
of this Compaii)
each .Share, siiai
whole e:.tate and
so taking or aec
of the said Corpd
from the Registe,
sliall be sufficient
no Share of the s
thereon ; and tin.
miller this Act, ui
pjralion, the IJii
11. And be
fioni time to tiuK
and iilace as the
Twenty one days
of the Companv _
iiohitedhy the'Dit
I'i. And be il
Special (ieiierol M
lie papers.
l;). And be it i
the aggregate. Tin
for the time being
olijects for which t
CDiiiply with such 1
Meeting may be ca
and every sucli ad
delivery of the reip
names and residem
dieut, express the c
as if the same hs
that at such special
H. And bo it 1
shall be transacted
be for more than tw
!3. And belt fi
ty-five Proprietors,
assemble and procc
\6. And be it I
ofTwo Shares shall
\ otes ; of Nijiety SI
holding less than T\
tion, and further, th
(ieorgetown, and al
to be herealler presc
holder in the Corpor
T. I'rovided al'
"ext, no Shareholde
four months at least
declare that he is boi
18. And he it fi
votes taken by ballol
press of the business
lectors shall be Chai
then any Proprietor I
lie hidaucud, the Ch;
proxy.
, . I a. And be it fi
wing, shaU lay over,
torporatiou, signed I
tne number present, i
all necessary powers
asswants to enable
ii.ent thereof, a ilividc
lorporation, uidess s
appaient profit, and tl
alter be a^rwed on at
A Giiianii, //c,
y-
the IIonnralA'
iimiiiity liiuint;
(if a Incal hank
nbscriliers ln'ld
f till' Coiiipfiiiyi
ctllomont; ami
I ooiit'i'rrin).' ''"
t : Ami wlicri'as
f advaiitajjuous
consent nf tlio
stmi, Ali'.xftnili'r
vtx such (if them
lock, hereinafter
|(ir c(iri)(irate, as
prnviiled: and
■il, heeiinic |iro-
ich stoek, shall
il by that name
have perpetnal
Inicess iiiiiintlio
■\ ice.
the iiiirp'isc of
■ovisiiius an are
isist in the first
■ seven hundred
been paid ii|i.
toil (Tiiildcrs, liy
n f(mrtliiin»:ind
Id be saneticmod
lin person (ir liy
Ion this (iiiestiiiu
I cai)ital or jnint
Ithe sum of twn
land the sum if
Ition, as aRcnts
Vsons connected
J>, the reniainin-'
Il meeting of th''
Ifore nientimiei'.
lowcver, that n ■
al or joint st(K«
' shares shall Ic
receipts fur pay
aiipointeil, or u
irry on the snii
lid cuilders sludl
lays, that IivHh'
lone millieii twu'
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
27
7. And be it further enacted as afore id, that all and every person mid jiersons, bodies politic or cnrpnrate, liy and from
whom any subscription shall be made aii> leeiited, and any payment on account thereof made pursuant to the provisions
herein contained for that purpose, for, or towards raisint: the said cajiital sum of four nuUion two huiKlred thoiisaml fjuilders j or,
shouhltlie said cajiital or joint stock be increased as before mentioned, then for, or towards raisintrtlie said caiiitulsiim of se\eii
millions of K"''ders, no such sub.scriiition licintr for less than seven Innnlred guilders, shall have and be entitled to a share
of and in the said capital or joint stock of the said corporation, in proportion to the monies which he, she or they shall have
so subscribed towards makiin; up the same, and shall have and be entitled to a pro|iortionalile sliare of the profits and
advantatces attending the cuidtal stock of the said corp(jration, and shall be admitted to he a proprietor or proprietors of and
ill the same.
H. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that the said coriioration shall cause the names and desi(;natioiis of the several
persons who shall sn'iscribe for, or become entitled to any share of the capital stock of the said corporation, with the
amount of sui^h share to be fairly and distinctly entered in a book, kept by their clerk or secretary ; and that the several
persons, bodies jiolitic or corporate, who shall subscribe for, or have, or hold any share or shares of the said ca|iital stock
.shall, and they are hereby reipiired to pay the sum or siiin^ of nioiiey by them respectively subscribed, at such times and
places, to such persons, and in such manner as shall l.e ordered and directed by any court of directors for the time being
of said coriioration, pursuant to the provisions herein contained.
I). Ami be it further eiiacied, that when two or more persons are jointly entitled to any share or shares of the capital
stock of the said corporation, the party whose name stands first in the hook of the said corporation shall be considered to be
the proprietor of the whole of such share or shares, for all the purposes of the corporaticni— save only as regards his eligibility
to fill the ottice of director.
10. And lie it further enacted as aforesaid, that it shall he lawful for the several pro|irietors of the capital or j<^iiit stock
of the said corporation, to sell and transfer any shares of the said capital stock, of which they shall respectively he possessed,
or any part thereof, not being less than seven hundred giiihlers of such stock— and being eitlier the sum of seven liundre(t
guilders, or some multiple of seven hundred guilders of such stock j (irovided such transfer be in the form hereafter to be
settled by the Directors, and be signed by tlie party tiaii.sfeiring, and accepted by the transferee, and registered in the Hooks
of this Company ; for which registration a fee to be ti.\ed by the Directors, not exceeding, however, Three (iuih'.erson
each Share, sliall be |iaid for the beiielit of the Corporation: and that such transfer, when duly executed, shall convey the
whole e:.tate and interest in the Stock therein mentioned of the iierson or per.-ors transferring the same, to the person or persons
80 taking or acce|itiiig the same, wliieli person or persons shall thereby forthwith become, in all respects, Proprietors
of the said Corporation in respect of sutli Stock, in the iilaci^ of such persons so transferring the same ; and an extract
from the Register or Hook of the said Coriiorathin, signed by a Director and the Manager of the Hank for the time being
shall be suflicient evidence of transfer, and be received as such : Provided always, and be it hereby further enacted, that
no Share of the said Capital Stock shall he transferred until Two Hundred and Eighty (iiiihlers at least shall have been paid
thereon 1 and that no transter of any Share or Shares shall be permitted after a call for money is made by the Directors
under this Act, until the money called for is paid thereon j and liLstly, that if the party transferring he indebted to the Cor-
p.iration, the Directors may refuse to register the transfer, until their debt be paid:
11. And be it further enacted as aloresaid, the (ieneral Meetings oi tl;e Proprietors of the said Corporation shall
from time to time be assembled in (ieorgctown, and shall be there lichl in Jammry anil July of each year, at such time
and place as the Directors may appoint ; iirovUled that advertisements thereof be inserted in the Cohiiiy newspapers
Twenty (ine days at lea.st previous to such Meeting; but should the Proprietors not assiMuble at the.se times, the Charter
(if the Company shall not thereby he atieeted ; and it shall be lawful for the Meetings to be held at other times to he ap-
pointed by tlie Directors, in lieu of those here fixed : provided that due notice as above be first given of such Meeting.
VI. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that at any time it shall be lawful fof the Court of Directors to call
Special (ieiieral Meetings, to be held in Ueorgetown, giving notice thereof at least Fourteen Days previously in the pub-
Uc papers.
l;i. And be it further enacted, as aforesaid, that it shall be lawful at any time for any Tliirty Proprietors, holding, in
the aggregate. Three Hundred Shares, or upwards, by writing under their hands left at the Hank, to re(|uire tlie Durectors
for the time being to call a Special General Meeting of the Proprietors, provided their re(iuisition expresses the object or
olijects for which the Special (icneral Meeting is re(|uired to be called ; and in case the Directors shall refuse or neglect to
comply with such reiiuisition lor Seven Days alter the same shall have been left as aforesaid, that then a Special General
Meeting may be called by such Proprietors on giving Fourteen Days' notice tliereof in any one or more of the newspapers ;
and every such advertisement shall express the day and hour, and place in Georgetown for holding the same, as also the
delivery of the re(iuisition at the Hank, and the refusal of the Directors to call such special meeting; and shall contain the
names and residence of the Proprietors signing tlie said rivniisithin, and may also, if such Proprietors shall deem it expe-
ilieiit, express the object of such meeting ; and all acts of the Proprietors at such special general meeting shall be as vidid
as if the same had been done at any half-yearly general meeting of the said Corporation ; provided, nevertheless,
that at such special general meeting the discussion shall be strictly hniited to the objects mentioned in the reiiuisitum.
14. And be it further enacted, that any General Meeting may be adjourned from time to time, but no other bu.sincss
shall be transacted at any adjourned Meeting than that left unfinished at the previous meeting, and if such adjournment
be for more than two days, then seven days notice must be given previous to such adjourned Meeting being held.
!5. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that no busuiess shall be transacted at any General Meeting, unless Twcn-
ty-live Proprietors, holding in tlie aggregate, at least. Two Hundred and I'itty Sliaies in the Stock of tliis Corporation, shall
assemble and proceed to business within one hour alter the time appouited for liolding such Meeting.
I(i. And be it further enacted, that at every General Meeting of the Proprietors of the said Corporation, a Proprietor
(if Two Shares shall have One Vote; of Ten Shares, Two Votes ; of Twenty Shares, Three Votes; of Pitty Shares, Four
Votes; of Ninety Shares, Five Votes ; and of One Hundred and Fifty Shares and upwards, Six Votes ; and that no person
liolduig less than Two Shares, shall be entitled to any Vote, at any tfeneral Meeting of the Proprietors of tlie said Corpora-
tion, and further, that in the case of Proprietors, of the said Coriioration, residing in tlie Colony ten or more miles from
(ieorgctown, and all resident female Proprietors, sueli Votes may be given by proxy, provided such proxy he in the form
to be hereafter prescribed by the Hoard of Directors, and signed by the Proprietor, and provided it be entrusted to a Share-
holder in the Corporation ; but no Shaieholdcr shall by proxy represent more than Six Votes.
\~. Ihovided always, and it is hereby further enacted, that at all future Meetings after the General Meeting in January
next, no Shareholder shall be admitted to vote, either in person or by proxy, unless he shall have registered as Proprietor
four mouths at least before the Meeting, and shall have paid up all calls for instalments, and unless he shall at the time
declare that he is buna fide Proprietor of the Sliiues in viiiue of which he claims to vote.
18. And be it further enacted, that at eveiy General Meeting, all ([uestions submitted shall be decided by a majority of
votes taken by ballot ; and that the Minutes of the several trruisactions at such Meetings shall be prepared (luring the pro-
gress of the business, and be signed by the Chairman ol tlie Meeting. And further that the Chairman of the Board of Di-
reelurs shall be Chairman of Meetings, or in case of liis absence, then one of the Directors, or no Director being present,
then any Proprietor holiUng Twenty Shares may be called to the Cliaii' ; and if, at any Meeting, tlie votes on any (luestion
lie l:alancud, the Chaiinian of such Meeting shall have a casting vole, in addition to Ids individual votes, and votes by
proxy.
li). And be it fmther enacted eus aforesaid, that at each half-yearly Meeting, the Chairman and Directors, for the time
licing, shall lay over, for the inspection and considerathm of the Shareholders, a full statement of the affairs of the said
t'lirporatiou, signed by the proper otticers, which statement the Proprietors may, if so they decide by votes of tsvo-tlurds of
the number present, refer to any two of their llody as Auditors, for examination and report at an adjourned Meeting, with
all necessary powers to the said Auditors to call in the Oiiicers and Servants of the Corporation, ami to enipUiy necessaiy
assistants to enable them to make such audit and report. And that at every such half-yearly Meeting or some adjourn-
iiitnt thereof, a dividend or (hvhiends shall, if recommended by the Court of Directors, he paid out of the profits of the said
t'orpuration, iiiUess such Meeting shall declaie otherwise, but in no case shall such dividend exceed three-fourths of the
apvareut profit, and the remaining oiie-fourtli shall be allowed to aecuinulate as a surplus fund to be disposed uf as may h«r«-
atter he a^frneU on at a General Mtetiiiif of the Proprietors of t,aid Corporation.
:
■)
v.
t*
u
\ ''
p
28
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
20. And for the brttor ordorliif? nnd Kovernlnir the affairs of the said C'orixirntlon, nnd for maklnjf nnrt ostahllshfnf; a
ciintinual succession I'f persons to lie llirectors of the said Conwiration ; be it hereby fnrtlicr enacted, tlint there slmll l:c
from time to time constituted, ill nuiiuier liereinafter mciiti(med, out of the Members of the said Corporation, a Clmirmaii
wlio sliall also be a Director, and Kirht other Directors, wliich Nine Directors or any three of tlicm shall constitute and he
called a Court of Directors, for the ordering;, manajjintr, and dircctini; in the manner and under the provisions herein con-
tained, tlie aft'airs of the said Corporation ; ami that the said Joiiv Ckoai. shall be the first thairumn, and the said Jon v
(tiiosc oar Rkku, Cuahi.ks Ukn.iamin, Wii.i.ia.m Jounstov, Ai.kxanpkh (ii.j;N, Jon.v Lank, Ki.i.is ,1oii\ TniiorouTov,
Junior, Aiirauam (iAit.vKTT, and Ja.mks Ahcmihai.i) Hoi.mk.s, the tirst Eif^ht Directors uf the said Corporation in addition'
to tlie said Chairman.
21. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that any Member of the said Court of Directors may at any time vacate his
offlee by sendintr in his resifrnation, in wrltimr, to the office of the said Cori)oration, and tliat in the event of any Miniher
of the said Court ceasintc at any time to hold 'l\venty blmres of the Capital Stock of the said Coriioration, his appointnii nt
shall instantly cease, ami that in eitlier of these eases, as also In case of the death or departure from the Colony of any <il
the Directors^ the Court of Directors shall (ill up the vacancy, and elect a person to serve for the unexpired term of si rvicc
of the party who has resifjned office, died, or ceased to hohl the necessary amount of Stock.
•22. And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that in case the conduct of any one Director shall at any time lie such that
his continuance in othce shall appear to his Co-dircctors for the time beinp prejudicial or injurious to the interest of the
Corporation, it shall be lawfiU for the Co-directors at a special Court to be convened for that purjMise, by a majority of votes,
to susjiend such Director from his office, luitil a special (ieneral MeethiB can be held, which Meeting must be forfhwitli
sununoned. And further that it shall lie lawful for the Proprietors at any half-yearly or special Meeting to remove any
Director or Directors, and elect in his or their room and stead any other duly (lualitied Proprietor, and such Director or
Directors so elected, shall serve only for such period as the party in whose room he was elected would have hail to serve
by rotation.
2;i. And be it further enacted, that the remuneration to be received by the Court of Directors for the time beinp for
tlieir services, shall be fixed by the Sliareholders from time to time, at any General Meetinpi payable out of the profits of
the Corporation, and such remuneration sliall he ai)portioned ainouK them, the said Directors, as they sliall decide.
24. And be it furtlier enacted, that the Directors above appointed shall hold office until the first (ieneral Meetinc in
183H, when Six of them shall K<> out in rotation j and further that at the first yearly General Meetinpr to beheld eacli snc-
ceedinpr year, the six Directors whose names stand first on the list shall go tmt by rotation ; and fnrtlicr that the vacancies
caused by the Directors Koini? out in rotation shall be filled up by the Proprietors at the first General Meeting in each yiiu'
from such of their Body as may own at least Twenty Shares of the Capital Stock of the said Corporation. But the Directors,
whose period of service ha.s expired, shall always be elif;il)le to be re-elected.
25. And be it further enacted, that the Court of Directors shall choose their own Chairman, and shall meet one day nt
least in every week, and any one of the said Directors may at any time call a Meetiuf; of the said (;<mrt by notice in writinir,
sent to the residence or office of every member of the said Court j Imt no business shall be transaeteil at any Meeting of tin'
said Court, unless three Members shall be present, and that all (piestions at any Court shall be decided by the votes of the
Majority in number of the Members present ; and in case of an etiual division of votes, tiie Chairman, or in his absence the
Member chosen to act in his stead, shall have the castinif vote ; and that the proceedinjcs of every Court shall be entered
in a Book kept for that purpose, and be signed by the Member in the Chair; and further that the said Court of Directors
shall have full power to Direct, Manape, Superintend, Kepulate, and Controul, all the affairs and concerns of the said tdr-
poration, and to appoint all the Agents, Officers, and Servants of the said Corporation, as well in British Ciiiiana, or elsewlicro,
ami at their discretiim to remove them and appoint others in their stead, and from time to time to fix the remuneratiim
to be paid to their Manaper, Afjent, Officers and Servants : to use and dispose of the Seal of the Corporation as they see tit,
and to sIku, seal and execute all necessary deeds, contracts, and aprecments on behalf of the said Corjioration, and to make
all such rules regulations, and bye-laws, as may be necessary for the pood (iovernment of the Coriioration, and the saiue
from time to time to alter and repeal, provided always that such rules, repulations, and bye-laws, as shall from time to time
be in force, be fairly entered in a Book kejit for that purjiose and open to the inspection of the Proprietors, and iirovided they
be not contrary to law or repiiKnant to the Rules and Regulations herein set forth, and provided the same be not disallinveil
by the Proprietors at a subseiinent General Meeting.
2(). And be it further enacted, that no Director shall lie permitted to vote on the propriety of refusing or authorising the
advance of any money to himself or partner, or in which lie is interested as principal or security ; but the propriety of praiit-
ing such accommodation shall be decided apart by his Co-Directors.
2/. And be it further enacted, that the Court of Directors shall have power, to call for instalments on shares in such sums
and at such times as they think tit ; but no such call shall at any one time be for more than One Hundred and I'orty Guilders,
for each share of Seven Hundred (Guilders, nor shall the money called for be payable until one month's previous notice tlierent
shall have been given in the public jiaiiets, nor shall any such subseiiucut caU be made until two months at least alter
the date at which the previous call was payable.
28. And be it further enacted, that all Proprietors who neglect to pay the instalment on their shares as called for by the
Directors, shall pay interest on the same from tlic date fixed for payment, and in addition thereto, if the same be not imiil
vithiii one month therealter, they shall be .iiied forty-two guilders for each share, and still, not paying within a further i)eriiiil
<if one month, the share shall be forfeited to and vested in the Corporation, but the Directors shall, nevertheless, lia\e
power to waive the forfeiture, and accept in lieu thereof a furtlier fine of not less tlian Forty-Two Guilders per share.
29. And lie it furtlier enacted, that the Shares forfeited may be sold by order of the Directors, either by public or luivatc
sale, and that transfer of the same under the Seal of the Coriioration, shall be good and valid ; Provided always, th.it if there
be a surplus from this sale it may be given, should the Directors see fit, to tlie former hoUlerj and provided also, that ikj
greater amount of Stock shall be forfeited and sold than what is necessary to pay the amount of arrears on the whole slmrcs
held by the party with the penalties, interest, and cost thereon due ; so nevertheless, that nothing in this proviso contniiied,
shall be construed to compel the .said Corporation to sell any fractional part of Seven Hundred GuiUlers of the said .Stuck.
30. And be it further enacted, tliat in case any person or persons wlio shall have subscrilied for, or be entitled to any
share or shores in the Capital of the said Corporation, shall neglect or refuse to pay the instalment on his, her, or tlieir share
or shares, as called for l)y the Directors, the Corporation shall be entitled, it they see fit, to sue fur and recover the aiuoiiiit
called for, with the interest and penalties.
31. And be it further enacted, that in case of the death of any Shareholder, three months shall be allowed for the pay-
ment of the amount called for in respect of Ids Shares, and should the amount not then be paid, any other jiarty shall he ad.
niitted to take over the Shares and make the payment, on showing that he has paid the Executor or other person .proiicrly
iiualified the amount already advanced on such Share.
32. And be it further enacted, that it shall and may be lawful for the said Corporation, for the period of twenty-one
years, to carry on the business of Bankers, by lending money on real and personal securities, on Bonds, Bills of Kxcliaiisret
Promissory Notes, Acceptances, Open Accounts, (iovernment Security, and all other Securities whatever coniiecteil with
Banking, discounting Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, or other Commercial Paper, buying and selling Bills of E\-
change, receiving Deposits at such rate of interest as may from time to time be fixed by the Directors, not exceeding the le-
gal rate, borrowing or taking up Money on Receipts, Bills, Promissory Notes, or other Obligations ; also by Invcstinent-,
Purchases, Sales or any dealings in Bullion, or Government or Public Funds oftireat Britain, Navy or Excheiiuer Hills, (ir
the Stock of any Chartered Company ; and to enter into and carry <m all other business and transactions usual in liaiikhi;:
Establishments ; but it shall not be lawful for the Corporation to carry on any other Business or Trade whatever, nor shail
anything herein contained autliorize, or be construed to authorize the said Corporation to make and issue any notes payai lo
to bearer on demand, or otherwise, for any less sum than Fifteen Guilders ; pro\ ided that all such notes payable to lieaivr
on demand, or otherwise, be made payable in legal currency at the Banking-honse or Branch Banks of the saiil Corpiiratinii.
And be it further enacted, that the amount of notes payable on demand, made and Issued by the said Corporation under aiij
in virtue of this Act, shall never, at any one period of the actual circulation of sucii notes, exceed the amount of Uullidii in
the Chest of the Corporation, and the sum lielonging to the said Corporation vested, or on its way to be vested in the Hnli-
Uc Funds of Great Urituiu at the same period ; and further, that every six mouth.s a statemcut, showing the amount of notes
payable to beari
of (ireat Britain
Hank liefore on,
the Lieutenaiit-
;):i. And be
Branches tlierei
time shall be foi
31. And be
any other prope
their .stead, and
tion, arebroiiu-li
1111(1 if it need bt
lieriod not excei
.).'>. And lie i
time being, of m
debts and li.ibilii
more, although t
rities hereby pii^
space of sixty i[;x
y(). And be ii
Meeting, slioubl
I'aiiy, a special g(
or such OrdinaiK
nieetuig to make
mentor Ordinal!
rally.
.t?. And be it
on by the said Co
assets and proper
their respective si
38. And be it
most favourable a
Justices, and othe
or imporfeetion tli
311. Provided,
PMable by tlie sail
Thus done am
Eleventh
By Conim
[The precedin
amended ordinanc
AN ORDINAN
By His Excellency
WnKREAs an Qrd
maile and passed h
of British Guiana:
And whereas i
made theiein for tl
And whereas >
Corporation at a 1'
and have been dulj
And whereas i'
proper officers, tlia
Million Five liiindr
'«:!/"; and that sjiu
ficiiljed since the 31
1. Be it theref
of the Colony of Br
"And he it furl
shall be, and shall t
And be It fiirthi
fihall be, and the sa
that IS to say .—
"Provided alw
flay of the date of
t'lpreon, and that i
tins Act, until the n
."And lastly n
fcsistering such trai
. 3. And be it fu
MlU Act of Incorpoi
,. That the said c<
which the name of
amount exceeding
-i. And be it fu
"Wared to be, repei
0' tlie said Ordinanc
" And be it furtl
J'fars fi„m the lilev
fy ending money <
a'l'l all other Securit
tominercial paper, b
t"ne he fixed by the
»<"-y Notes, or othe
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
29
paynblc to hearer on rtomand issurd by the said Corporation, nnd tlio nninmit of money In the Chest nnil In the PnMIc Funds
of (ireat Drittiin bclontrint; to tlie Corporation, sliall be made up and sworn to by one or more of tlic iirincipal Odiccrs of the
liiuik l)L'fori' oni' of tin- Jiulci's or tlio llitrb Sliorirt, and be signed by tlie C(jnrt of Diri'ctors, and laid bt'forc His K\iTlloncy
the Lioutrnaiit-(iovcriior and tin- Court of Policy.
Xl. And be it further enacted, that the l'riiiei|)al E«tahlUlitnrnt of the said Hank shall be in (leorpfetown, and that
Bninches thereof, and Aijeiicies may be established in New-Amsterdam and sneh other i)arts of the Colony ivs from time to
time slmll lie found necessary.
HI. And be it further enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said Corporation to purchase and hold lands, buildintrs, and
any other property necessary for their nlfairs, and from time to lime to sell aiul dispnse of the same, anil p\irchase otluTH in
their steail, and also, when plantations, lands, buililinprs, and other property belontrin}; to persons indebted to the Ciirpora-
tiun, arebroULtlit to Judicial Sale, it shall be lawful for the Directors, if the interest of the Corporation so reipnre, to bid up,
nnd if it need be, purchase in such iilautaticms, lands, buildi!if;s, and other property, but the same bhall be resold within a
period not exceedioi; two years from Die date of the purchase.
:ij. And be it further enacted, that if the said Ceriioration shall become insolvent, all and every the I'roiirietors, for the
time heinp, of any interest or share in the capital thereof, shall be liable to be called on to eoutribute to tlie paynu'ut of tlie
debts and Uabilities of the said Corporutioii, to the full amount of all the Stock held by them in the said ('orporatiou, and no
more, although the same shall not have been theretofore called forand iii'idup; and that all the powers, privilerrcs, andautho-
rities hereby (riven, shall utterly cease and be void, in the event of the said Corporation suspcndiiiK Ca.sh payments, for the
Hpace of sixty days, wliether such suspensiim sliall take i)lace at any principal or branch Hank.
■j6. Ami be it further enacted, that if, at any time, the Votes of two-thirds of tlie Sharebntders, convened at any (ieneral
Mcetinir, slimilil be in favor of an aii|ilic<itiiiii for an amendment of this Ordinance, or tor an Ordinance dissolving tiic Com-
pany, a special tcenernl meetiufj: shall be convened, and a <lay be fixed for submitting the (|\icstion, svhether such amendment,
or such Ordinance shall, or .shall not, be applied for J and inea.se it be then determined by two-thirds of tlie Votes at sueli
meetinfc to make such application to the Lcj^islature, the same shall be done witii all possible expedition i ami such amend-
ment or Ordinance being sanetioned and enacted by the Legislature, the same shall be binding on the Shareholders gene-
rally.
;t7. And he it further enacted, that on the termination of the said term of twenty one years tlie business so to be carried
on by tlie said Corporation shall cense, and the debts and engagements thereof shall be U(|uidafed and discharged, and the
sLssets and property sohl, disposed of, and converted into money, and the surplus divided aminig the proprietors accordingto
tlieir respective share and interest in the Capital thereof.
3S. And be it further enacted and declared, that this Act of Incor])oratinn shall he taken, constmcd, and adjudged in the
most favourable and beneficial .sense, and for the best advantage of the said Corporation, in all Courts, and by all Judges,
Justices, and others ; nor shall this Act of Incorporation be prejudiced or injured by any non-recital, misrceital, une(utainty,
or iinperfeetion therein.
HI). Provided, however, that this Ordinance, in as far as it authorizes the circulation of Promissory Notes or other Paper
liayalile by the .said Corporation, shall not come into operation until His Majesty's sanction be obtained thereon.
Thus done and Enacted at Our Ordinary Assembly, held at the Guiana Public liuihlings, (ieorge Town, Demerary, this
Eleventh Day of November, One Tliousand Eiglit Hundred and Thirty Six, and pnblishe I on the Twelfth following.
J. CARMICHAEL S.VUTH.
By Command of the Court. H. E. F. YOUNCi, Secretary.
[The preceding document was submitted for approval to the Secretary of .State for the Colonics j and the following
amended ordinance was issued in conformity with instructions from England.]
AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AN ORDINANCE ENTITLKD AN ORDINANCE TO INCORPORATE A BANK TO BE
CALLED THE URITISH GUIANA BANK.
By His Excellency Colonel Thomtis Ihinlniry, K. if., Actiiiff (Jorernnr, ^c, of British Guiana, hij and tvith the adoicc and
cuiiaent of the lloiiuuruble Court of Policy of said Colony,
To all to whom tlicae presents do, may, or shall come greeting! be it known :
WiiKREAS an Ordinance to incorporate a Hank to be called the liritish (;niiina hank was, on the llth November, 183(1,
made and passed by His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Court of Policy
of British Guiana:
And whereas it has been deemed expedient by Her Majesty's Government that certain other provisions should he
made therein for the better regulation and government of the said bank ;
And whereas such further provisions liavc been communicated to the proprietors of the Capital Kfock of the said
Corporation at a Public Meeting of the said Proprietors, held in Georgetown on the Nineteenth day of February instant,
and have been duly assented to by the said proprietors ;
And whereas it appears from a statement furnished by the Chairman of said Corporation, and countersigned by the
proper officers, tiiat of the said Capital Stixk of the said Corporation, llicre had been paid into the Hank the sum of One
Million Five hundred and seventy-five tliousand Guilders, being one half the Capital subscribed up to the 31st December,
1837 ; and that since that period there hath been paid in the further sum of /2Ul,-.i00. being one half of the capital sub-
scribed since the 31st December, IH37;
1. Be it therefore enacted by His Excellency the Governor, and with the advice and consent of the Court of Policy
of the Cnlony of British Guiana, that the following words, that is to say ;
" And be it further enacted as aforesaid, that one half at the least of the Capital subscribed, be paid up Immediately"
Bhall he, and shall form part and parcel of tlie (ith Clause of the said (Ordinance.
And be it further enacted, that the proviso contained in the conclusion of the 10th clause of said Act of Incorporation
shall be, and the same is hereby declared to be repealed, and in lieu tliercof shall be substituted, the proviso following,
that is to say :—
"Provided always, and be it further enacted, that no share of the sai<l Capital Stock shuU be transferred from the
day of the date of the publication of this Ordinance, until three hundred and fifty guilders at least sliiill have been paid
tliorcon, and that no transfer of any share or shares be permitted after a call for money is made by the Directors under
this Act, until the money called for is paid thereon ;
"And lastly, notwithstanding sucli transfer, the party transferring shall for the period of one year from the date of
registering such transfer, remain liable for the amount unpaid to the Corporation on the shares transferred."
^ 3. And be it further enacted, that the following words shall form and be part and parcel of the 2Gth clause of the
said Act of Incorporation, tliat is to say : —
That the said Corporation shall not discount any Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, or other negotiable paper on
which the name of any Director or Officer of the said Corpoiation sliall appear as Drawer, Acceptor, or Endorser, to an
amount exceeding one third of the whole amount of the sum for the time being under discount of the said Corporation.
4. And be it further enacted, that the 3'2nd clause of the said Act of Incorporation sliall be, as the same is hereby
declared to be, repealed, and in lieu thereof the following words shall bo inserted and stand and be Clause Thirty-second
of the said Ordinance, viz. ;
" And be it further enacted that it shall and may be lawful for the said Corporation, or for the period of Twenty-one
years from the Eleventh of November, One Thousand Eight hundred and thirty-six, to carry on tlie business of Hankers
by lending money on Bonds, Hills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Acceptances, Open Accounts, Government Security,
and all other Securities whatever connected witli Hanking; discounting Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, or other
t'oinmerciiil paper, buying and selling Bills of Exchange, receiving deposits at such rate of interest as may from time to
time lie fixed by the Directors, not exceeding the legal rate ; borrowing or taking up money on Receipts, Hills, Promis.
sory Notes, or other obligations; also by investments, purchases, sales, or any dealings in Bullion or Government, or
il
it.
30
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
fi \
public fnnds of Orcat Britain, Navy or Exchequer Bills, or the stock of any Chartered Company, save only the stork of
this Corporation ; ami to enter into and carry on all other buHinoHs and transactions uhuhI in Hnnkinir KHtablishmentH,
and to make issue, and circulate Notes payable to licarcr on demand, or otherwise, provided tlint no such note be issued
for less than tlic sum of Five Dollars, and that all such notes sliall he p:»yable in Dollars of the acknowledgnd w.'lifht
and Anencss of Spanish Dollars at the Uankini': House of the said Corporation ; but it Miail not bo lawful forthcsaiil
Corporation to carry on any other huslncss or trade whatever than that of Hanl<iiii;, and they arc hereby strictly forbid,
den to lend money or to make advances on real security, whether the same bo linds, houses or plantations : And fur-
ther, that the Directors of the said Hank for the time beinn shall, as they are hereby required to, publish, for the infor-
mation of the Froprietors, in tlie Hm/nl llnzel/e of this Colony, in the montlisof Keliruary and August, ceneral Half yearly
Accounts endinsf (m the Mist Ueceliiher and 3iith June lust, respectively sIiowImk the whole amount of its Debts and
Assets at the close of each half year, aiul showing also tlie total amount of its Notes payable on demand, wldi'li imd
been in circulation in each week of such half year, toi;ether with the amount of the S|iecie, distinf^uisluiiK each kind and
other Assets immediately available in etich week for the discharfre of such Notes > and that copies of such Half-yearly
Accounts shall be laid before the Governor and Court of Policy by the Directors aforesaid, and that similar accounts
shall be furnished at any lime l)y such Directors as aforesaid to His Kxcellency the (;overn(ir whenever reiinired."
Anil lastly, he it further enacted, that clause ay of the said Act of Incorporation shall he, as it is hcreliy declared to
be, repealed.
And that no ifcnorance shall be pretended of this our Ordinance, these presents shall he printed and published in the
customary manner.
Thus done and Enacted at our Extraordinary Assembly, held at the Guiana Public lluildings, Georpe Town, Deme-
rary, this (ith April isas, and published on the 7th lollowioif.
Ily Command of the Court. Thomas Bttnhurij,
II. E. F. Voiin/^, Secretary.
The ordinance and the amended ordinance constitutes the charter of the l}iiiili «/ Uiilisli (Iniana, whieli was confirmeil
by the <Juccn in Council on the 6th October, 18:is, witliout any alterution, except tluit the issues of tlie bank shall not
exceed tliree ti.nes tliat of the paid up capital of the bank. Tlie bank receives the benefit of tlie orders in council of the
14th September, IHMK. The following shews the state of tlie bank at its half-yeaily meeting in June, IS.IH ; —
The whole capital of the bank is now subscribed for in li,oou slmres, whicli have all been taken up by parties within
the colony, and 5(» per cent has been paid thereon, amounting to the sum of/. •j,lii(),mio.
The progressive increase of deposits from/. l,i:i:t, lO-J 1() cents— to tlicir present amount/. l,6l2,li«8 96 cents is also a
strong manitestatinn of public confidence in the bank us well as in colonial property in general.
'Xhc Directors submit the followintj: Abstract Summary, cxhil>itin(; a (ieiieral Statement of the Affairs of the UritlbU
Guiana llank on the :jath of June lH:ii«.
Dr.
Stock Account . . ■ /• 2,100,000
Due to the Public on Account of Lodgments
and Interest upon Deposit Keccipts . I,()12,2n8 gC
Notes in Circulation . . lyo.-'sno
Dividend Account, No. 1 unpaid , .3,439 90
Balance in favour of the Hank . , 118,030 37
f.'r.
Due to the l!ank on account of Securities In
Bonds and Bills discounted. Cash in hand
and in the hands of Agents . /. 3,9fi6,no.'i ,'9
Bank Premises, Fixtures, Furniture, &c. &c. SH.i^y (it
/. 4,024,185 23
/. 4,024,185 23
From the foregoing statement, it appears that the balance in favour of the Bank at that period was /. 1 18,036 cts., for
which amount the sum of/. 24,8:18 9:! cts. is the iioition of surplus fund reserved at the former dividend of prortts, lea-
ving therefore on amouut of/. 93,177 44 cents as the apparent nett prutits derived by tlie llank, during the preceding six
months.
The Directors can conseriuently recommend a dividend to be declared at the rate of 6 per cent, per annum, being 3 per
cent, for the half year ending 30 June, and for this purpose a sum of /. 63,000 will be requirid, alter the payment of
wliicli there will be left an accumulated surplus fund of/. 65,036 37 cents.
B.— FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF BRITISH GUIANA.
The following is the authority by which the three colonies of Demerara, Essequibo, and Berbice were united
under one government :
Coi>y of the Commission of Major-General Sir Benjamin D' Urban, K. C. B., as Governor and Commander-in-
Chiif of British Guiana; dated ^th March, 1831.
WILLIAM R.
William the Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defenderof the Faith, To our trusty and well beloved Sir Benjamin D'Urban, Knight, Commander of the
Most Honourable Military Order of the Batli, Major-Gencral of our Forces : Whereas, for divers good causes
to us appearing, we have deemed it right that our settlements and factories on the northern coast of the
continent of South America, comprising the united colony of Demerara and Essequibo and the colony of
Berbice, should henceforth be united together, and should constitute one colony, in the manner hereinafter
provided : Now know you, that we, reposing especial trust and confidence in the prudence, courage, and
loyalty of you, the said Sir Benjamin U'Urban, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion,
have thought fit to constitute and ai)point, and by these presents do constitute and appoint you, the said
Sir Benjamin D'Urban, to be, during our will and pleasure, our Governor and Commander-in-Chief in and
over all our settlements on the northern coast of the continent of South America, comprising ail such
territories and jurisdictions as have hitherto been comprised in the said united colony of Demerara and
Essequibo and the said colony of Berbice respectively, with their respective dependencies, and all forts and
garrisons erected and estal)lished, or wliich shall be erected and established within the same, and whicli
settlements shall henceforth collectively constitute and be one colony, and shall be called " The Colony of
British Guiana :'' And we do hereby require and command you, our said Governor, to do and execute all
things in due manner as shall belong to your said command, and the trust we have reposed in you, according
to the several powers and directions granted to or appointed you by this present commission and the
instructions herewith given to you, or according to such further powers, instructions, and authorities
as shall at any future time be granted to or appointed for you under our signet and sign manual, or by our
order in our Privy Council, or by us through one of our principal Secretaries of State : And we do further
grant, direct, and appoint that the form of civil government heretofore by law established in the said united
colony of Demerara and Essequibo, shall be and the same is hereby established in and throughout the said
colony of British Guiana, and that all such bodies politic and cori)orate as have heretofore lawfully existed
ill the said uni
colony of Brit
powers and aui
the united colo
he, that the nii
in the said ut
augmented am
also, and we d
abrogate any h
Essequibo, or
constitution am
which said cons
the same hath
British Guiana ;
contained e.xten
eertain Act of 1
King George th
Slave Trade," 01
lircsents had no
siiid Act of Pari
shall still contin
Sir Benjamin Y,
our said colony
government of
general instructi
hereby reserve
disallow any sue
nicnt, or with th
for the order, p
made : And we
appointed for tl
here give and g
our behalf, but s
instructions, to r
land to us beloi
persons, bodies \
them : And we <
our name and i
payable to us, s
suspend the pavn
therein shall be k
authority, as you
crime in any coi
tional pardon, or
unto annexed, or
may seem fit : Pn
be granted until t
received the sign
Sir Benjamin D'U
you appearing, to
such office under
or under our aut
shall be signified .
suspension, to obs
accompanying tiii;
and pleasure is, tl
such person as me
as may be appoin
the time of such y
such Lieutenant-C
hereby direct that
colony, shall take
commission, and t
officer shall, durin]
forces by any senic
the said governmei
from time to time
civil and military, .
obedient, aiding an
''cng. in the execu
we do further decl
i|
■land King,
iclcr of the
;ood causes
;oast of the
colony of
hereinafter
lurage, and
■re motion,
lU, the said
lief in and
ig all such
merara and
1 forts and
and which
. Colony of
execute all
I, according
ion and the
authorities
or by our
do furtlier
"said united
lut the said
illy existed
U
Al'PKNDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
31
in the said united colony of Deincrara and Kssequibo, shall in like manner exist in and thro\i(!;hout the said
colony of British (luianit, and Bimll in and throughout the said colony have, exercise, anil enjoy all such
powers and authorities as have heretofore been lawfully had, etcrciscd, and enjoyed liy them reNpectively in
the united colony of Dernerara and Kssequibo : Provided ncvertlielesa, and we do hereby declare our will to
be, that the number of the members of certain of the said bodies politic and corporate heretofore cxistin;;
in the said united colony of Dcmerara and Kssequibo, shall in the said colony of RritisU Guiana bo
augmented and cnlarjied iu such manner as by your said instructions is directed in that belialf ; Provided
also, and we do further declare our pleasure to be, that nothing herein contained shall extend, revolve, or
abrogate any law or lawful usage, or custtun now in force in the said united colony of Deuierara and
Kssequibo, or in the said colony of Ikrbico resijcctively, save only in so far ns relates to the separate
constitution and form of civil government heretofore established and in use in the said colony of Ucrbice,
which said constitution or form of civil government we do hereby abrogate and dissolve, and do declare that
the same hath become and shall henceforth be extinct and merged in the Rovernmcnt of the said colony of
British Guiana : Provided also, and we do further declare our will and pleasure to be, that nothing herein
contained extends or shall be construed to extend in anywise to alter or interfere with the jirovisions of a
certain Act of Parliament passed in the fifth year of the reign of our late Royal Brother and predecessor
King George the Fourth, intituled, " An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws for the Abolition of the
Slave Trade," or to render legal any transfer or removal of any slave which would have been illegal if these
presents had not been made, it being our pleasure that for the purposes and within the meaning of the
said Act of Parliament, the said united colony of Demerara and Kssecpiibo, and the said colony of Berbice,
shall still continue and be distinct and separate colonics : And we do hereby give and grant to yon, the said
Sir Benjamin D'Urban, full power and authority, with the advice and consent of the Court of Policy of
our said colony of British Guiana, to make, enact, ordain, and estabii b laws for the order, peace, and good
government of our said colony, subject, nevertheless, to all such rules and regulations as by your said
general instructions we have thought fit to prescribe in that behalf: Provided, nevertheless, and we do
hereby reserve to ourselves, our heirs and successors, our and their undoubted right and authority to
disallow any such laws, and to make and establish from time to time, with the advice and consent of Parlia-
ment, or with the advice of our or their Privy Council, all such laws ns may to us or them appear necessary
for the order, peace, and good government of the said colony, as fully as if these presents had not been
made: And we do hereby grant to you, the said Sir Benjamin D'Urban, the custody of the public seal
appointed for the sealing of all things whatsoever that shall pass the seal of our said colony : And we do
here give and grant to you, the said Sir Benjamin U' Urban, full power and authority, in our name and in
our behalf, but subject nevertheless to such provisions as are in that respect contained in your said general
instructions, to make and execute in our name and under the public seal of our said colony, grants of waste
land to us belonging within the said colony to private jicrsons for their own use and benefit, or to any
persons, bodies politic or corporate, in trust, for the public uses of our subjects there resident, or any of
them : And we do hereby give and grant unto you full power and authority, as you shall see occasion, in
our name and in our behalf, to remit any fines, penalties, or forfeitures which may accrue or become
payable to us, so as the same do not exceed the sum of TiO/. sterling in any one case, and to respite and
suspend the payment of any such fine, penalty, or forfeiture exceeding the said sum of 50/. until our pleasure
therein shall be known and signified to you : And we do hereby give and grant unto you full power and
authority, as you shall see occasion, in our name and in our behalf, to grant to any oflfender convicted of any
crime in any court, or before any judge, justice, or magistrate within our said colony, a free and uncondi-
tional pardon, or a pardon subject to such conditions as liy any law in force in the said colony may be there-
unto annexed, or any respite of the execution of the sentence of any such offender, for such jjeriod as to you
may seem fit : Provided always, that in cases of treason or murder, no pardon, cither absolute or conditional,
be granted until the case shall have been first reported to us by you for our information, and you shall have
received the signification of our pleasure therein : And we do hereby give and grant unto you, the said
Sir Benjamin D'Urban, as such Governor as aforesaid, full power and authority, upon sufficient cause to
you appearing, to suspend from the exercise of his oflice within our said colony any person exercising any
such office under or by virtue of any commission or warrant granted or to be granted by us, or in our name
or under our authority, which suspension shall continue and have effect only until our pleasure therein
shall be signified to you : And we do hereby strictly require and enjoin you, in proceeding to any such
suspension, to observe the directions in that l)ehalf given to you in and by our said general instructions
accompanying this your commission : And in case of your death or absence from the said colony, our will
and pleasure is, that this our commission, and the several powers hereby vested in you, shall be exercised by
such person as may by us be appointed to be our Lieutenant-Governor of our said colony, or by such person
as may be appointed by us under our signet or sign manual, to administer the said government ; but if at
the time of such your death or absence, there shall be no person within our said colony commissioned to be
such Lieutenant-Governor, or administrator of the government as aforesaid, then our pleasure is, and we do
hereby direct that the senior officer for the time being in the command of our land forces within our said
colony, shall take upon himself the administration of the government thereof, and shall execute this our
commission, and the several powers herein, and in the aforesaid instructions contained ; and if any such
officer shall, during such his administration of the government, be suspended in the command of our said
forces by any senior officer, then our pleasure is, that such senior officer shall assume the administration of
the said government, and the execution of this our commission, and of the several powers aforesaid, and so
from time to time as often as any such case shall arise : And we do hereby require and command all officers,
civil and mihtary, and all other our subjects, and persons inhabiting our said colony of British Guiana, to he
obedient, aiding and assisting unto you, or to the oliicer administering the said government for the time
being, in the execution of this our comn\ission, and of the powers and authorities herein contained : And
we do further declare our pleasure to be, that the changes established in the constitution and form of civil
32
Ari'KNOIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
i^
i
govrrnmcnt in the snid colonics of DemLTiirn mid Kss('(|nil)o, nml of Horhice respectively, by this pur coin-
mission, shall not take illVct until this our commission shiill nctually havo been by you received in our siud
coloniis or one of them : And \vc do iicrcby dcclnre, oidaiti, and appoint that you, the said Sir Henj:niun
D'l'rlmn, shall and may hohl, ixccufe, and enjoy the otlice and place of our (iovernor and Con.maiKlcr-iii-
(.'hief, in and over our colony of British Guiana, toielher with all and singidar the i)ow(is ami authorities
hereby granted unto yon for and during our will and pleasure. In witness, tS.e. Sec, (iiven at our Court at
brighlon, the Itli day of March, |s;u, in the first year of our reign.
iiy His Majesty's Command. (Countersigned) GODKRICH.
Shortly after the colonies of Demerara, Msseqnibo, and lierbice had been united inidcr one go\crnmcnt
the following Orders in Council were issued, abolishing the ancient courts, and appointing ptrfeetly new
jndici.al estal)lisliments, not only for the colony of Mritish (Juiana, but for those of St l.ueni and Triiiidail.
At the end of these orders will be found a summary of the alterations they have ell'ccted in the courts for
the administration of justice in liritish Guiana, and this will be accompanied by the regulations establislud
l)y the Governor and C'ourt of I'olicy as to the appointment of Assessors and the jurisdiction of inferior
Courts.
C— CHARTER OF JUSTICE FOR BRITISH GUIANA, TRINIDAD, AND ST. LUCIA.
Cnpit'ti (if the Ordem in Council nf thi' 2.Tn< April nml 2<)fh Jiinr, IH.31, for the Adminiatnilion of JuMiir
in liiitish Gui'imt, Trinidad, and St. Lucia.
At the Court of St. James's, the liSrd day of April, IHIil ;
Present, The King's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.
1. Whkbkas His Majesty's Court of Criminal and Civil Justice in Dcmorara nnd Essequibo, and His
Majesty's Courts of Civil Justice and of Criminal Justice respectively in Hrrbice, and His Majesty's Courts
of Criminal Trial, and of First Instance of Civil Jurisdiction respectively in Trinidad, and His Majesty's Royal
Court in the island of St. Lucia, are respectively holden by Judges the majority nf whom in each of such
courts are persons unlearned in the law : And whereas it is fit that the said cmirts respectively should
henceforth be holden by jiersons of comjjetent legal education ; it is therefore ordered by the King's Most
Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice of his Privy Council, that henceforth the Court of Criminal and
Civil Justice of Demerara and Ksscipiibn, and the Court of Civil Justice and the Court of Ciiminal Justice uf
Herbice, and the (,'ourt of Criminal Trial, and the Court of First histunce of Civil Jmisdiction in the island
of Trinidad, and the Royal Court of St. Lucia, shall be respectively holden by ami before three judges and
no more ; that is to say, each of the said courts shall be holden by and before the President for tlie time
being of the Court of Criminal and Civil Justice of Demerara an<l Essequibo, and the Chief Judge for the
time being of Trinidad, and the First i^rcsident for the time being of the Royal Court of St. Lucia, or liy
nnd before the i)ersons who, during the vacancy of any such ollices, or during the al)sence or incapacity of
nny of the said judges, may have received a provisional or temporary appointment to act as and in the jilace
and stead of any such judges or judge.
2. And it is hereby further ordered that no Judge in any of the several courts aforesaid, and no Vice-Pre-
sident thereof, shall be the owner of any slave, or shall have any share or interest in, or any mortgage or
security upon any slave, or shall be proprietor of, or have any share or interest or mortgage or security u|)oii,
any land cultivated by the labour of slaves, or shall be or act as the manager, overseer, agent, or attorney of,
for, or upon any plantation or estate cultivated wholly or in part by the labour of slaves.
3. And it is further ordered, that for the purpose of holding the respective courts aforesaid, the said three
judges shall from time to time repair to the said respective colonies of Demerara, lierbice, Trinidad, and St.
Lucia.
4. And it is further ordered, that two sessions at the least shall be holden in each year and in each of tlie
said courts, and that the times of holding such sessions in such resiiective colonies, and the duration thereof
in each, shall be determined by proclamations to be from time to time for that purpose issued in the said
respective colonies by the respective Governors thereof.
.'). And it is further ordered, that the Governors of the said respective colonies shall, and they are herciiy
authorized to arrange with each other the times of holding such sessions as aforesaid in such manner as may
best promote the administration of justice therein, and the common convenience of the said respective
colonies; and in case of any ditl'ercnce of opinion between such Governors as to the time of holding any
such sessions, or as to the duration thereof, the judgment of the Governor of British Guiana shall prevail
and be observed until His Majesty's pleasure therein shall have been signified through one of his principal
Secretaries of State.
6. And it is further ordered, that in each of the said courts the President for the time being of the Court
of Criminal and Civil Justice of Demerara and Essequibo shall preside and take precedence over such other
two judges as aforesaid ; and the said Chief Judge of Tiinidad shall in like manner, in each of the said courts,
take precedence over the First President of St. Lucia.
7. And it is further ordered, that in each of the said courts the said three judges shall in all civil cases
have, ])ossess, exercise, and enjoy such and the same jurisdiction, i)owers, and authority in every respect as
the present judges of the said courts now have or lawfully possess, exercise or enjoy, and that the decision of
the majority of such three judges shall in all civil cases at any time depending in either of the said courts, be
taken and adjudged to be, and shall be recorded as, the judgment of the whole court.
8. Provided nevertheless, and it is further ordered, that upon the trial of any persons or person in any of
the said courts lor any crime or oU'enee with which they, he, or she may be cliarged, three assessors shall
be associated to the said three judges, in the manner thereinafter provided for, which assessors shall be
entitled to deliberate and vote with such judges upon the final judgment to be pronounced in every such
criminal rai
merit by an
judges Riid I
[I. And it
criminal cas
every respec
that the dec
at any time
judgment of
10. Andi
by him from
lations as m
the penaltic!
and the mo(
validity of a
be necessary
such prodan
in the meant
such Govern
11. And it
rcsjiectively,
criminal.
12. And it
he may belor
shall he hole
such Vice-Pr
criminal suit,
inquire into i
by such judge
of such juris
any such gen(
tioned.
13. And it
to review, rev
may he made,
hereby vested
without any c
as now are or
14. And it
and they are 1
them shall s(
respectively,
to be therein '<
concerning tl
concerning thi
of advocates,
ccrning all otl
courts ; and a
occasion may
this present oi
dition in the d
succinct, and (
the most publi
at least before
and regulation
fur the time b(
15. And wh
civil eases of
therefore furth
with the advii
Council of Go'
time to time n
criminal cases
hot be extende
sterling money
or any fee, dut
that the Juri.sc
may be accusec
lawful for any
without hard
exceeding 39
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
.13
criminal caw ; nnd no person shnll ho convicted of any crime or offence, or adjiidsjed to suffi r any punish-
ment by nny judgment or sentence of any of the said courts, unless n majority of the total number of such
jikIrcs a.id assessors shall in oprn court vote in favour of such judsment or sentence.
'.). And it is further ordered, that in each of the said courts the said thiee judges and assessors shall in all
criminal cases have, possess, exercise, and enjoy such and the same jurisdiction, povvers, and authority in
every respect as the present judges of the said courts now have or lawfully possess, exercise, or enjoy, and
that the decision of the majority of the total number of such ju<l^es and assessors shall in all criminul casei
at any time depending in any of the said courts, be taken and adjudged to be, and shall be recorded as, the
judgment of the whole court.
10. And it is further ordered, that the Governor of each of the said colonies shall by proclamations to be
by him from time to time for that purpose issued within the same, make and prescribe such rules and regu-
lations as may be necessary to determine the qualifications of such assessors, the mode of convening them,
the penalties to be inflicted on persons refusing to act as such assessors when thereunto lawfully required,
and the mode of challenging such assessors, and what shall be lawful ground of challenge, and how the
validity of any such challenge shall be determined, ti)i;ether with every other matter and thing which may
be necessary to the effective discharge by such assessors of the duty thereby committed to them j and every
such proclamation shall forthwith be transmitted by such Governor for His Majesty's approbation, and shall
in the meantime, and unless disallowed by His Majesty, and until such disallowance shall be made known to
such Governor, be of the same force and effect as if the same had been contained in this present order.
11. And it is further ordered, that none of the judges nor any Vice-President of either of the said courts
respectively, shall be liable to challenge or recusation in or upon any action, suit, or proceeding, civil or
criminal.
12. And it is further ordered, that during the absence of any of the said judges from the colony to which
he may belong, for the purpose of holding such sessions as aforesaid, the Supreme Court of such colony
shall be holden by a single judge, to be called the Vice-President of such court, and it shall be the duty of
such Vice-President to hear and determine all such interlocutory matters orising in or upon any civil or
criminal suit, action, or proceeding depending in the said court, as may be brought before him, and also to
inquire into and report to the said judges in any such sessions as aforesaid upon any questions which may
by such judges at their sessions have been specially referred to any such Vice-President ; and in the exercise
of such jurisdiction, such Vice-President shall and he is hereby required to conform himself to and observe
any such general rules or orders of court as may be made fur his guidance in the manner hereinafter men-
tioned.
13. And it is further ordered and declared, that it shall be lawful for the said Supreme Courts respectively
to review, reverse, correct, or confirm, as occasion may re(|uire, any judgment, sentence, rule or order which
may be made, given, or pronounced by any such Vice-President as aforesaid, in the exercise of the jurisdiction
hereby vested in him, and that in the exercise of such jurisdiction, such Vice-President shall act alone and
without any colleague or assessor, and shall have all such and the same powers and authority in that behalf
as now are or is vested in the said courts respectively for the said respective purposes.
14. And it is further ordered, that it shall and may be lawful for the judges of the said courts respectively,
and they are hereby authorized and required to make and establish such rules, orders, and regulations as to
them shall seem meet concerning the forms and manner of proceeding to be observed in the said courts
respectively, and the practice and pleadings in all actions, suits, and other matters, both civil and criminal,
to he therein brought, and concerning the duties and jurisdiction of the said respective Vice-Presidents, and
concerning the proceedings of the executive and ministerial oflices of the said courts respectively, and
concerning the process of the said courts, and the mode of executing the same, and concerning the admission
of advocates, barristers, attornies, solicitors, notaries, and proctors in the said courts respectively, and con-
cerning all other matters and things which relate to the conduct and dispatch of business in the said respective
courts ; and all such rules, orders, and regulations, from time to time, to revoke, alter, amend or renew, as
occasion may require. Provided always, that no such rules, orders, or regulations shall be repugnant to
this present order, and that the same shall be so framed as to promote, as far as may be, economy and expe-
dition in the dispatch of the business of the said courts respectively, and that the same be drawn up in plain,
succinct, and compendious terms, avoiding all unnecessary repetitions and obscurity, and be promulgated in
the most public and authentic manner in the colonies to which the same may respectively refer, for 14 days
at least before the same shall be binding and take effect therein ; and provided also that all such rules, orders,
and regulations shall forthwith be transmitted to His Majesty, under the seal of the court, by the Governor
fur the time being of such colony, for his approbation or disallowance.
1,5. And whereas it may be exj)edient to establish within the said colonies courts having jurisdiction in
civil cases of small amount and in cases of breaches of the peace, assaults, and other petty offences; it is
therefore further ordered, that it shall be lawful for the Governor of each of the said colonies respectively,
with the advice of the Court of Policy in the said colony in Britisli Guiana, and with the advice of the
Council of Government in the said colonies of Trinidad and St. Lucia, by any laws and ordinances to be from
time to time made for that purpose, to erect, constitute, and establish courts having jurisdiction in civil and
criminal cases within the said respective colonies, provided that the jurisdiction of such Civil Courts shall
hot he extended to any case wherein the sum or matter in dispute shall exceed the amount or value of 20/.
sterling money, or wherein the title to any lands or tenements, or the title of any person to his or her freedom,
or any fee, duty, or office may be in question, or whereby rights in future ma/ be bound ; and provided also
that the jurisdiction of such courts in criminal cases shall not be extended to any case wherein any person
may he accused of any crime punishable by death, transportation, or banishment ; and that it shall not he
lawful for any such Criminal Court to inflict any greater or other punishment than imprisonment, with or
without hard labour, for a term not exceeding three months, or fine not exceeding 20/., or whipping not
exceeding 39 stripes, or any two or more such punishments within the limits aforesaid.
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y» API'F.NDIX II.-80UTH AMKIIICA.
Id. And it Ih further onlcrcil, that the JuiIum i>t' the milil Sii|iri'iii<' Courts of the snii! rDlonicR n--
ptpiM.'tivily shiill III- mill thf'y nw hiTi'hy Hiithorizt'd to iiiak)', ordain, nnd rstnhlish nil ni'ci'Hsary rnli's, ordiTn,
or ri'isMJationH rt'Mpci'tiiin the nidiincr nnd form of procrcdinK to he ohnrrvcd in thr Hniil I'ctty Courts, and
rt'S|irctint? tin; maniiiT nnd form of carrying; tlii' judgmmfs and ordrrs of sncli courts intt» cxrcution, with all
Hiich ofluT rule.H, orders, and reKulntloiH as may he necessary for (?ivinR fidl and perfect eHVct to the JMrisilic-
tion ;ii HiiL'h courts respectively, nnd Hiich rules, ordem, and regulations from time to time to revoke, titer,
und renew, as occHsion may re(|uiro.
17. And it is herehy furl her ordered, that it shall nnd may he lawful for nny person or persons, heinR a
party or parties to any civil suit or action depencliiiK in any of the sniil Supreme Courts of nny of the said
colonies, to nppeal to His Majesty, his heir.",, nnd successors, in his or their Privy Council. n);ainst any final
judgment, decree, or sentence tif any of the said coints, or agninst any rule or order maile in nny such civil
suit or action having the oll'ect of a final or definitive sentence, nnd which appeals shall he made suhject to
the rules and limitations followin;;; that is to say, in case nny such judgmrnt, decree, order, or sentence
shnll he piven or pronounced for or in respect of any sum or matter at issi ahove the amount or value of
t<IH)l. stcrlinc; <>f in case such judgment, decree, order, or sentence shall Invcdve, directly or indirectly, nny
claim or demand to or (picstion res])ectiiiK property, or nny civ 1 right amounting to or of the vnluc of '<\\iit.
Rterliii); ; or in case such judgnu'nf, dren c, order, or sentence shall determine or ntfect the right oi any jiersnu
to his or her freedom, the person or jiersons feeling aggrieved hy any such judgment, decree, order, or sen-
tence may, within fourteen days next after the sanie shall hnve been pronounced, made, or given, apply to
duch court hy prtition for leave to appeal therefrom to His Maie.sty, his heirs, and successors, in his or their
Privy Council ; and in case such leave to appeal shall he prayed hy the pnrty or parties who is or ore directed
to pay any sum of money or perform any duty, such Supreme Covnt shall and is hereby empowered either to
<lirect that the judgment, decree, order, or sentence n|)pealed from shnll be carried into execution, or that the
execution thereof shall he suspended pending the said appeal, as to the said court may in each case appear
to he most consistent with real and substatitial justice ; and in case such Supreme Court shall direct such
judgment, decree, order, or sentence to he carried into exe(;ution, the person or persons in whose favour the
some shall be given, shall, before the execution thereof, enter into good and sufficient security, to be approved
by the said Supreme Court, for the due performance of such judgment or order as His Majesty, his heirs and
successors, shall think fit to make thereupon ; or in case the said Supreme Court shall direct the execution
of any judgment, decree, order, or sentence to be suspended ])ending the siiid appeal, the person or persims
against whom the same shall have been given shall, in like manner, upon any oriler for the suspension of nny
such execution being made, enter into good and sutlicient security, to be approved by the said Supreme
Court, for the due performance of such judgment or order as His Majesty, his heirs, nnd successors shall
think fit to make thereupon ; and in all cases security shall also be given by the party or parties appellant,
to the satisfaction of such court, for the prosecution of the appeal nnd for the payment of all such costs b.i
may be awarded by His Majesty, his heirs and successors, to the party or parties respondent; and if sucli
last-mentioned security shall he entered into within three months from the date of such petition for leave to
njjpeal, then, nnd not otherwise, the said Supreme Court shall allow the appeal, and the party or parties
njipellnnt shall be at liberty to prefer and prosecute his, her, or their appeal to His Majesty, his heirs nnd
successors, in his or their Privy Council, in such manner and under such rules as are observed in appeals
made to His Majesty in Council from his plantations or colonies.
18. Provided always, and it is hereby declared and ordered, that nothing herein contained doth or shall
extend, or be construed to extend, to take away or abridge the undoubted right or authority of His Majesty,
his htirs and successors, to admit and receive any appeal from any judgment, decree, sentence, or order of
any of the said Supreme Courts, on the humble petition of any person or persons aggrieved thereby, in any
case in which and subject to any conditions or restrictions upon and under which it may seem meet to His
Majesty, his heirs and successors, so to admit and receive any such appeal.
19. And it is further ordered, that in all cases of appeal allowed by any of the said Supreme Courts, or by
His Majesty, his heirs and successors, such court shall, on the application and at the costs of the party or
patties appellant, certify and transmit to His Majesty, his heirs and successors, in his or their Privy Council,
a true and exact copy of all proceedings, evidence, judgments, decrees, and orders, had or made in »uch causes
so oppealed, as far as the same have relation to the matter of appeal, such copies to be certified under the
seal of the said court.
20. And it is further ordered, that the said Supreme Courts respectively shall, in all cases of appeal to His
Majesty, his heirs and successors, conform to, execute, and carry into immediate effect such judgments niirt
orders as His Majesty, his heirs and successors, shall make thereupon, in such manner as any original judg-
ment or decree of the said Supreme Court can or may be executed.
21. And whereas there are in the said courts, or some of them, divers unnecessary officers, being or claim-
ing to be entitled to fees of large amount for services by them rendered to suitors and others concerned in
the proceedings of the said courts, to the great charge of his Majesty's subjects, and to the obstruction of the
due administration of justice ; it is therefore hereby ordered, that the office of Sworn- Accountant, as nt pre-
sent existing in Demerara and Essequibo, and in Berbice respectively, shall be the same and is hereby
abolished, and that the duties heretofore performed by such sworn-accountants shall henceforward, but sub-
ject to the rules of court to be made as hereinbefore mentioned, be performed by the Vice-President of the
Court of Criminal and Civil Justice of Demerai and Essequibo, and by the Vice-President of the Court of
Civil Justice and of the Court of Criminal Justice of Berbice; and it it is hereby further ordered, that the
office of Father-General of Minors, and the office of Defender of the Absent, and the office of Depositario-
Genernl, and the office of Taxador, and the office of Judicial Referee, Liquidator, and Partidor, as at present
existing in the said Island of Trinidad, shall be and the same are hereby respectively abolished ; and that the
duties of the offices of the said Judicial Referee, Li(iuidator, and Partidor and Taxador, shall henceforward,
but subject to the rules of court to be made as hereinbefore mentioned, be performed by the Vice-President
ninnicn rt--
ilcs, onlcrn,
Jourt!», nnd
nn, with nil
he jinisthc-
voWc, altir,
ins, hciiiK i>
of thr »ni(l
ist nny fliuil
y such civil
e subject to
or sontonrr
; or vnliii' of
lirt'ctly, nny
lue of r.oo/.
f any luTsdu
rder, or sen-
en, apply to
his or tiu-ir
art' ilirccti'd
red cither to
I, or tlint the
case ixppi'Hr
direct such
iC favour the
be approved
his heirs and
he execution
in or persons
;n»ion of any
aid Supreme
I'ccssors shall
ies appellant,
such costs as
and if such
n for leave to
|rty or parties
heirs and
in appeals
doth or shall
His Majesty,
or enter of
ereby, in any
meet to His
[Jourts, or by
the party or
rivy Council,
uch causes
d under the
ippeal to His
dgments and
riginal judg-
ing or claim-
concerned in
uction of the
nt, as at pre-
nd is hereby
jrd, but sub-
sident of the
the Court of
red, that the
Depositario-
is at present
and that the
lenceforward,
ice- President
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMKRICA.
35
uf the Court of Flrtt Instance of Civil Jurlidlction of Trinidad : and it U furthrr ordered, that thi> oince uf
Ciirateur aux Succetsioni Vacanteit, and lleKisseur de<t IlieoH ileit Abnens, an nt preicnt lAistiiix in St. Lucia,
Khali he and the same is hereby uliolisluMl ; and th'tt the duties heretofore perfornied by that otllcer shull
henceforward, but subject to the rulei uf court to be initde as hereinbefore nientiunvd, be pcrfurnted by the
Vice President of the Royal Court of the Island of St. I.ueia.
liJ. And whereas various jurisdictions have lu'retuluri' boi " exercised by certain courts in the island of
Trinidad, which by reason of the chnni^es introduced into the adonriistration of justice therein, it is no lon);er
necessary to retain ; it is therefore hereby ordered, that the several iMiirts or tribunals follow mik. that is to
nay, the Court of CriinituU HKpiiry, the Court of Auilien(;ia, the Complainf f'^'urt, >hu l,'ourt of the Aleailes
in Ordinary, and the Court of the .Meuldes ie llerrio, and all oin^ e4 in and colllM'<ete<l with the taid courtit
respectively, shall be and the same arc hcreli/ respectively abolished.
23, And it is hereby further ordered, that all orders lu "tmore made by His Majesty, or by any of hiit
royal predecessors in his or their Privy Cuiiniil, anil all laws, i . "toins, and us.i^e* now or at any time here-
toforc established or in force in any of the suid eohuiies, so far us 8ii<:h orders, laws, of (|a«ges are in anywise
repugnant to or at variance with this present order, ahall bo and the mmu are hereby revokttdi sbrot;aled,
rescinded, and anindled.
24. And it is further ordered, that for the purpose and within the meaning of the present order, nny person
lawfully administerinK for the tiute being the government of the said colonies shall be deemed and taken to
be the Governor thereof.
(Signed) C. C. GHtVILLK.
At the Court of St. James, the 20th day of June, 1H31 ;
Present, The King's Most Kxcellent Majesty in Council.
1. Whrbeas, on the ?.3d day of April, 1H31, an order was made by llis Majesty, with the advice of his
Privy Council, for improving the administration of justice in Ilis Majesty's colonies of British (Juiana, Tri-
dnd, and St. Lucia ; and for that purpose it was thereby ordered, that the Chief Jud;;i's of the said three
colonics should from time to time repair to the said colonies, for the purpose of holding in succession
therein the Supren\e Courts of such colonies respectively : And wheijetts iniforeseen dillieulties may arise to
delay the executicui of the said order, and it may be necessary to make provision for the adnuuislratiou of
justice therein ; in the meantime it is hereby ordered by the King's Most Kxcellent Majesty, by and with the
advice of his Privy Council, that it shall and may be lawful for the Governors for the time being of the said
colonies of British Guiana, Trinidad, and St. Lucia, or for any two of them, uy a proclamation to be by them
issued in His Majesty's name in the said respective colonies, to suspend the execution of the said order of
the 2:id day of April, lM31,andthe same shall thereupon be and remain juspendcd, until llis Majesty's
further pleasure shall be signified to the said respective Governors.
2. And it is further ordered, that during any such suspension of the said order of the 23d day of April,
IH31, and no longer, the rules, orders and regulations hereinafter made and contained shall be observed in
the administration of justice in the said respective colonies ; that is to say, in the first place, it is ordered,
that henceforth the Court of Criminal and Civil Justice of Denienira and Essequibo, and the Court of Civil
Justice, and the Court of Criminal Justice of Berbice, shall henceforth be holden by and before three judges
and no more, and that the first or presiding judge of the said court shall be called and bear the style and title
of Chief Justice of British Guiana, and that the second and third of such judges shall be called and bear the
respective styles and titles of First Puisne Judge ond Second Puisne Judge of British Guiana.
3. And it is further ordered, that the court for the trial of criminal prosecutions, and the Court of First
Instance of Civil Jurisdiction in the island of Trinidad, shall henceforth be holden by and before three judges
and no more ; and that the first or presiding judge of the said court shall be called and bear the style and
title of Chief Justice of Trinidad, and that the second ond third of such judges shall be called and bear the
respective styles and titles of First Puisne Judge and Second Puisne Judge of Trinidad.
4. And it is further ordered, that the Royal Court of St. Lucia shall henceforth be holden by and before
three judges and no more ; and that the first or presiding judge of the said court shall be called and bear the
style and title of Chief Justice of St. Lucia, and that the second and third of such judges shall be called and
bear the respective styles and titles of First Puisne Judge and Second Puisne Judge of St. Lucia.
5. And it is further ordered, that whenever and so often as the olfice of any chief justice or puisne judge
of any of the said colonies shall become vacant by the death, absence, incapacity, resignation, suspension, or
removal of any such chief justice or judge, the Governor of such colony for the time being shall be and is
hereby authorized to supply and fill up such vacancy by the appointment of some proper person, by a com-
mission under the public seal of such colony, which commission shall be made to continue in force only until
His Majesty's pleasure shall be known.
6. And it is hereby further ordered, that none of the said judges of any of the colonies aforesaid shall bo
the owner of any slave, or shall have any share or interest in, or any mortgage or security upon any slave,
or shall be proprietor of, or have any share or interest in, or mortgage or security upon any land cultivated
by the labour of slaves, or shall be or act as the manager, overseer, agent, or attorney of, for, or upon any
plantation or estate cultivated wholly or in part by the labour of slaves.
7. Provided nevertheless, that nothing herein contained shall prevent any such judge from acquiring any
such property or interest as aforesaid under any legal process, for the recovery of any debt or demand, or
by testamentary or other succession, inheritance, donation, or other involuntary title, but all such property
or interest as aforesaid which any such judge may so acquire, shall, within one calendar month next alter
the acquisition thereof, be by him communicated to the Governor of the colony, and shall be alienated and
disposed of within six calendar months, unless His Majesty shall in any case be pleased to grant to any such
judge a longer period for cH'ccting any such alienation or disposal thereof.
\<
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ti.
t;
k,
3.i
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
P
8. And it ij further ordered, tliat in each of the said courts respectively, the Raid three judges of the snid
respective colonies sluill in all civil cases have, possess, exercise, and enjoy such and the same jurisdiction,
powers, and authority, in every respect, as the judges of the said courts have heretofore lawfully possessed,
exercised, or enjoyed; and that the decision of the majority of such three jtidj^es shall in all civil cases nt
any time depending in the said respective courts, he taken and adjudged to be, and shall be recorded as the
judgment of the whole of such court.
y. And it is further ordered, that upon the trial of any person or persons in any of the said courts respec-
tively for any crime or offence, three assessors shall be associated to the snid three judges, in the nuuuicr
hereinafter provided for, which assessors shall be entitled to deliberate and vote with such judjics upon tlie
final judgment to be j)ronounced in every such criminal case, or no person shall be ironvicted of any
crime or offence, or adjudged to suffer any punishment by any judgment or sentence of any of the snid
courts, unless a majority of the total number of such judges and assessors shall in open court vote In favour
of such judgment or sentence.
10. And it is further ordered, that in each of the said courts the snid three judges and assessors slinll in
all criminal cases have, possess, exercise, and enjoy such and the same jurisdiction, powers, and autliorily
in every respect na the judges of the snid courts respectively have heretofore lawfully possessed, exercised,
and enjoyed, and that the decision of the majority of the total number of such judges and assessors shall in
nil criminal cases at any time depending in any of the said courts, be taken and adjudged to be and shall be
recorded as the judgment of the whole court.
11. And it is further ordered, tbnt it shall be lawful for the judges of any of the said courts respectivtiy
to reserve the consideration of any (piestion of Inw arising upon any such criminal trial as aforesaid, ami
to make order for the suspensi(ui or arrest of the judgment or sentence of the court, until the decision of
such (|uestion of law, which shall be acyudged and decided by such judges aluue, or without the concuneucc
or inteiference of such assessors tlurein.
12. And it is hereby further ordered, that the assessors of the said courts in Demerara and Herbice slmll
be chosen and appointed in such and the same manner as the members of the ("ourt of Civil and Criminal
Justice of IJenurara have heretofore been chosen and appointed ; and that the assessors of the snid court lor
the trial of criminal prosecutions in Trinidad shall be chosen and appointed from and out of the members nf
the Cahildo of the town of I'ort of Spain in the said island ; and that the assessors of the said Royal Court
of St. Lucia shall be chosen and appointed in such aiul the same manner as the members of that court,
other than the First President, have lieretofore been chosen and appointed.
l.'l. And it is hereby further ordered, that none of the judges of either of the said courts shall be liable to
challenge or recusation in or upon any action, suit, or proceeding, civil or criminal, but that such as.sessors
shall be liable to be challenged on such ami the like grounds as ma> be alleged as lawful ground ot challenge
against ai!y petit juror empannelled for the trial of any indictment in England, aiul the validity of every
such challenge shall be decided by the judges presiding at any such trial, without the concurrence or inter-
ference of the assessors or any of them.
14. And it is further ordered, that it shall and may be lawful for the judges of the said courts respectively,
and they are hereby authorized and recpiired to make, ordain, and establish a tariff or table of fees, to be
had, taken, allowed, and paid by the suitors in the said respective courts, for and in respect of every
sentence, judgment, order and proceeding which may be pronounced, made, or had in any suit or acti<.ii
depending therein, or which may or shall he paid or payable to any of the officers of the said court respec.
tively, or to any advocate, barrister, solicitor, attorney, proctor or notary, or other practitioner of the law
therein, and which tariff or table of fees shall, by the Chief Justice of each of the said courts respectively,
be transmitted to the Governor for the time being of the colony to which such court may belong ; and any
such tariff or table being ratified and confirmed by any ordinance to be for that purpose made by the
Governor and Court of Policy of British Guiana, or by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the
Council of Government in the said colonies of Trinidad or St. Lucia, shall be binding upon all persons
interested therein ; and nil persons receiving any greater or higher or other fee or reward than shall by any
such tariff or table be allowed, shall be liable to refund the same by such summary process or proceeding as
shall seem good to the said courts resjiectively in that behalf.
15, And it is further ordered, that it shall and may be lawful for the said Governor and Court of Policy
of liritish Guiana, and for the Governors of Trinidad and St. Lucia respectively, with the advice and consent
of the respective Councils of Government thereof, by any ordinances to be by them for that purpose niailo,
*() prescribe the form and manner of proceeding to be observed in the said respective courts for the
juosecution and trial therein of all persons charged with the commission of any crimes and olfences cogniz-
able within the said courts respectively : provided nevertheless, that every such ordinance shall be trans-
mitted for His Majesty's approbation in the manner recjuired by law in reference to all ordinances passed
and enacted in the said respective colonies.
Ifi. And it is further ordered, that it shall and may be lawful for the judges of the said courts respectively,
and ihey are hereby authorized and required to make and establish such rules, orders, anil regulations as to
them shall seem meet, touching the distribution of the business of the said courts between the respective
judges thereof, and concerning the forms and manner of proceeding to be observed in the said courts
respectively, and the practice and pleadings in all civil actions and other civil matters to be therein brought,
and concerning the process of the said courts and i.he mode of executing the same, and concerning the
admission of advocates, barristers, attornies, solicitors, notaries, and jiroctors in the said courts respectively;
all which rules, orders, and regulations shall be framed in such a manner as to promote, as far as may he,
economy, method, and expedition in the despatch of the business of the said courts respectively ; aud the
rame shall hi drawn up in plain, succinct, and compendious terms, avoiding all unnecessary repetitions
niul cli'.curit", and shall be promulgated in the most piiblie and authentic manner in the colonies to
which the s;une may respectively refer, for fourteen days at the least before the same shall be binding ami
take ell'ect therein.
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
37
17. Provided always, and it is further ordcrrd, that no s.ich rtilcs, orders, or regulntions ns aforesaid be
repugnant to this present order, and that the same be fortliwith transmitted under the seals of such
respective courts to the reRpcctive (iovernors of the said colonies respectively, to be by them transmitted to
His Miyesty for his approbation or disallowance.
IH. And whereas there are established within the said colonies, or some of them, courts having jurisdic>
tiiin in civil cases of small anioimt, and in cases of breaches of the peace and other petty oll'ences, and it is
expedient that provision be made for the better administration of justice in such courts ; it is therefore
heieby ordered, that no court within any of the said colonies other than the supreme courts hereinbefore
imiitioned, shall be competent to hold jurisdiction in any civil cafe in \\hich the sum or matter in dispute
slinll exceed the amount or value of 20/. sterling money, or in which the ri^ht of any alleged slave to his or
licr freedom, or the title to any lands or tenements, or any fee, duty, or ollice, or His M'" 'sty's Koyal Pre-
roj-nUve may lie in (piestion, or whereby rights in future may be hound; nnd that no i M'-t within any of
the said colonies, other than the Supreme Courts aforesaid, shall be competent to hold jurisdiction in any
miiiinal case wherein any person shall be accused of any crime puni.shable by death, transiiortation, or
Imiiislnneiit ; and that it shall liot be lawful for any court in any of the said colonics, other thon the
Supreme Courts aforesaid, to inllict ony greater or -r-ihi-r punishment than imprisonment, with or without
liiird labour, for a term not exceeding three months, or (ine not exceeding '20l., or whipping not ex-
ceeding ;iU stripes, or any two or more of such kind of punishments together, within the limits afore-
said.
19. And it is further ordered, that it shall be lawful for the Governor of British Guiana, with the advice
Riul consent of the Court of Policy thereof, and for the (iovernors of Trinidad and St. Lucia, with the advice
luid consent of the resjicctive Councils of Government thereof, to establish, constitute, and erect within the
si\id respective colonies, inferior courts having jurisdiction in civil nnd criminal cases within the limits afore-
siiid, and for thai purpose may abolish any such inferior courts as may be now existing therein, or modify the
constitution of such courts as may be found expedient.
'JO. And It is further ordered, that the judges of the said Supreme Courts of the said colonies respectively
shall be and they are hereby authoriiied to make, ordain, and establish all necessary rules, orders, and regu-
lations lespecting the manner and form of proceeding to be observed in the said inferior courts, and respect-
ing the manner and form of carrying the judgments and orders of .-inch courts into execution, with all such
other rules, orders, and regulations as may In; necessary for giving full and perfect elfect to the jurisdiction of
such courts respectively, nnd such rules, orders, and regulations from time to time to revoke, niter, and re-
new as occasion may retpiire ; provided always, that all such rules, orders, and regulations as aforesaid shall
lie promidgated, and shall he transmitted to llis Majesty for his approbation or disallowance, in the manner
hereinbefore directed and required with respect to the rules, orders, and regulations of the said Supreme
Courts.
21. And it is further ordered, that the office of Father-General of Minors, and the office of Defender of the
Alistjit, and the office of DepositarioGeneral, as at present existing in the island of Trinidad, shall be and the
same are hereby respectively abolished; and that the office of Taxador, and the office of Judicial Ueferee,
hi(|uidator, and Partidor, as at present existing in the said island, shall be and the same are hereby consoli-
dated, and shall constitute one office.
22. And it is further ordered, that the offices of Curateurs aux Successions Vacantcs, and Regisseur des
Bicns des Absens, as at present existing in St. Lucia, shall bo and the same are hereby abolished.
2,'i. And whereas various jurisdictions have heretofore been exercised by certain courts in the island of
Trinidad, which, by reason of the changes hereby introduced into the administration of justice there, it is no
longer necessary to retain ; it is therefore hereby ordered, that the several courts or tribunals following,
that is to say, the " Court of Criminal Inquiry," the " Tribunal of Appeal, in all cases of condemnation to
death," the " Superior Tribunal of Appeal of Civil Jurisdiction," the "Tribunal of the Royal Audien9ia,"
ami all offices in and connected with the said courts respectively, shall be and the same are hereby res|)ec-
tively abolished.
24. And it is further ordered, that the Court of S^ndchauss^e, in the island of St. Lucia, and all offices in
and connected with that court, shall be and the same are hereby abolished ; and that the Royal Court of the
said island shall henceforth have an original jurisdiction in all causes arising within the said island, in
such and the same manner and to such and the same extent as such original jurisdiction was heretofore vested
in the said Court of Sdn6chauss6e.
'ih. And it is hereby further ordered, that it shall and may be lawful for any person or persons, being a
party or jiartics to any civil suit or action depending in the said Court of Civil and Criminal Justice of De-
merara and Kssequibo, t)r in the said Court of Civil Justice of Hcrbicc, or in the said Court of First
Instance of Civil Jurisdiction of Trinidad, or in the said Royal Court of St. Lucia, to appeal to His
Majesty, his heirs, and successors, in his or their Privy Council, against any final judgment, decree, or
sentence, or against any rule or order made in any such civil suit or action, and having the etfect of a
liiml or definitive sentence, and which appeals shall be made subject to the rules and limitations follow-
ing : that is to say.
First, Such judgment, decree, order, or sentence shall be given or pronounced for or in respect of a sum or
matter at issue above the amount or value of ,500/. sterling, or shall involve directly or indirectly the title to
property, or to some civil right, amounting to or of the value of 500/. sterling, or shall determine or affect
the right of some alleged slave to his or her freedom :
Secondly, The person or persons leeling aggrieved by such judgment, decree, order, or sentence, shall,
willilu fourteen days next alter the same shall have been pronounced, made, or given, apply to the
e(.iirt by petition for leave to appeal therefrom to His Majesty, his heus, and successors, in his or their
I'livy Council :
i;
h\^ i
iS'
i ^1
r'
W^
38
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
Thirdly, If such leave to appeal shall be prayed by the party or parties who is or are adjudged to pay any
sum of money or to perform any duty, the court shall direct that the judgment, decree, or sentence appealed from
shall be carried into execution if the party or parties respondent shall give security for the immediate per-
formance of any judgment or sentence which may be pronounced or made by His Majesty, his heirs, and
successors, in his or their Privy Council, upon any such appeal, and until such security be given, the execu-
tion of the judgment, decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall be stayed:
Fourthly, Provided nevertneless, that if the party or parties appellant shall establish to the satisfaction of
the court, that real and substantial justice requires that pending such appeal, execution should be stayed, it
shall be lawful for such courts to order the execution of such judgment, decree, order, or sentence, to be
suspended pending such appeal, if the party or parties appellant shall give security for the immediate per-
formance of any judgment or sentence which may be pronounced or made by His Majesty, his heirs, and
successors, in his or their Privy Council, upon any such appeal :
Fifthly, In all cases security shall also be given by the party or parties appellant for the prosecution of the
appeal, and for the payment of all such costs as may be awarded by His Alajesty, his heirs, and successors,
to the party or parties respondent :
Sixthly, The court from which any such appeal as aforesaid shall be brought, shall, subject to the con.
ditions hereinafter mentioned, determine the nature, amount, and sufficiency of the several securities so to
be taken as aforesaid :
Seventhly, Provided nevertheless, that in any case where the subject of litigation shall consist of immove-
able property, or of any slaves, stock, utensils, or implements, held therewith or attached thereto, and the
judgment, decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall not charge, affect, or relate to the actual occupation
thereof, no security shall be demanded either from the party or parties respondent or from the party or
parties appellant, for the performance of the judgment or sentence to be pronounced or made upon such
appeal ; but if such judgment, decree, order, or sentence, shall charge, affect, or relate to the occupation of
any such property, then such security shall not be of greater amount than may be necessary to secure the
restitution, free from all damage or loss, of such stock, utensils, or implements, or of the intermediate profit
which, pending any such appeal, may probably accrue from the intermediate occupation of such property ;
and each of the said courts is hereby authorized and required to sequestrate any such immoveable property,
slaves, stock, utensils, and implements, in order still further to reduce the amount of such security, if the
party or parties by whom such security is to be given shall make application to such court for that purpose,
and the other party or parties shall not show good cause to the contrary :
Eighthly, In any case where the subject of litigation shall consist of money or other chattels, or of any
personal debt or demand, the security to be demanded either from the party or parties respondent, or from
the party or parties appellant, for the performance of the judgment or sentence to be pronounced or made
upon such appeal, shall be either a bond to be entered into in the amount or value of such subject of litiga-
tion by one or more sufficient surety or sureties, or such security shall be given by way of mortgage or vo-
luntary condemnation of or upon some immoveable property or slaves situate and being within such colony,
and being of the full value of such subject of litigation, over and above the amount of all mortgages and
charges of whatever nature upon or affecting the same :
Ninthly, In any case where the subject of litigation shall be the right of any alleged slave to his or her
freedom, the amount of the security for the performance of the judgment or sentence to be pronounced and
made upon any such appeal, shall in no case exceed the pecuniary value of such alleged slave, and shall be
given either by such surety or sureties, or by such mortgage or voluntary condemnation as aforesaid :
Tenthly, The security to be given by the party or parties appellant for the prosecution of the appeal and for
the payment of costs, shall in no case exceed the sum of 300<. sterling, and shall be given either by such
surety or sureties, or by such mortgage or voluntary condemnation as aforesaid :
Eleventhly, If the security to be given by the party or parties appellant for the prosecution of the appeal
and for the payment of such costs as may be awarded, shall, in manner aforesaid, be completed within three
months from the date of the petition for leave to appeal, then, and not otherwise, the court from which such
appeal is brought shall make an order allowing such apjjcal, and the party or parties appellant shall be at
liberty to prefer and prosecute his, her, or their appeal, to His Majesty, his heirs, and successors, in his or
their Privy Council, in such manner and under such rules as are observed in appeals made to His Majesty in
Council from the plantations or colonies :
Twelfthly, Provided nevertheless, that any person, or persons feeling aggrieved by any order which maybe
made by, or by any proceeding of any of the said courts respecting the security to be taken upon any such
appeal as aforesaid, shall be and is hereby authorized, by petition to His Majesty in Council, to apply for
redress in the premises.
Provided always, and it is hereby further ordered, that nothing herein contained doth or shall extend or
be construed to extend to take away or abridge the undoubted right or authority of His Majesty, his heirs,
and successors, to admit and receive any appeal from any judgment, decree, sentence or order of any of the
said Supreme Courts, on the humble petition of any person or persons aggrieved thereby, in any case in
which, and subject to any conditions or restrictions upon and under which it may seem meet to His Majesty,
his heirs and successors, so to admit and receive any such afipeal.
26. And it is further ordered, that in all cases of appeal allowed by any of the said Supreme Courts or by
His Majesty, his heirs and successors, such court shall, on the application and at the costs of the party or
parties appellant, certify and transmit to His Majesty, his heirs and successors, in his or their Privy Council,
a true and exact copy of all proceedings, evidence, judgments, decrees and orders had or made in such causes
so appealed, so far as the same have relation to the matter of ajipeal, such copies to be certified under the
seal of the said court.
27. And it is further ordered, that the said Supreme Courts respectively shall in all cases of appeal to His
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
39
Majesty, his heirs and successors, execute and carry into immediate effect such judgments and orders as His
Majesty, his heirs and successors, shall malte thereupon, in such manner as any original judgment or decree of
the said Supreme Court can or may be executed.
28. And it is hereby further ordered, that all orders heretofore made by His Majesty, or by any of his
royal predecessors, in his or their Privy Council, and all laws, customs, and usages now or at any time here-
tofore established or in force in any of the said colonies, so far as such orders, laws or usages are in anywise
repugnant to or at variance with this present order, shall be and the same are hereby revoked, abrogated,
rescinded and annulled.
29. And it is further ordered, that for the purpose and within the meaning of the present order, any per-
son lawfully administering for the time being the government of any of the said colonies, shall be deemed and
taken to be the Governor thereof.
And the Right Honourable Viscount Goderich, one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, is to
give the necessary directions herein accordingly.
(signed) C. C. Greville.
INFERIOR COURTS OF CIVIL JUSTICE.
(This summary is derived from Mr. Clarke's excellent Work on Colonial Law.)
Under the authority of the 19th section of the preceding order, an ordinance was passed by the Governor
and Court of Policy on the 13th day of September 1832, to repeal the ordinance passed on the 23d of May
1832, entitled " An Ordinance to establish and constitute Inferior Courts of Civil Justice in British Guiana,"
and to make other provisions for such inferior courts. It recites and repeals the former ordinance, and then
proceeds as follows :— •
Whereas by an order of His Majesty in Council, bearing date 20th June 1831, His Majesty has been gra-
ciously pleased to authorize the establishing of Inferior Courts of Civil Justice within this colony, having
jurisdiction to a certain extent as therein described.
2. Be it therefore further Enacted, that there shall be one Inferior Court of Civil Justice for the district of
Demerara and Essequibo, and another Inferior Court of Civil Justice for the district of Berbice.
3. And be it further enacted, that the said Inferior Courts shall be held by and before the Chief Justice
or one of the Puisne Judges, at such times as the Judges of the Supreme Court shall direct and appoint.
4. And be it further enacted, that the said Inferior Civil Court shall have jurisdiction in cases to the amount
or value of twenty pounds sterling, all claims in currency not exceeding 300 guilders being comprehended in
this limitation.
5. And be it further enacted, that the Registrar or Sworn Clerk and Marshal of the respective Supreme
Courts of Civil Justice shall attend the sitting of the said respective Inferior Civil Courts, and shall be enti-
tled to receive certain fees for services respectively performed by them.
fi. And be it further enacted, that when the Judges of the Supreme Court shall have made, ordained, and
established all necessary rules, orders, and regulations respecting the manner and form of proceeding to be
observed in the said Inferior Civil Courts, and respecting the manner and form of carrying the judgments and
orders of the said Inferior Civil Courts into execution, with all such other rules, orders, and regulations as
may be necessary for giving full and perfect effect to the jurisdiction of the said courts respectively, lind as
soon as the said rules, orders, and regulations shall have been duly promulgated this court shall thereupon
frame the tariff fixing the amount of fees to which the respective officers of the said court shall be entitled
for services performed by them in their respective offices ; and on promulgation thereof by this court, the
said tariff shall have force of law, and become binding on all parties concerned.
7. And be it further enacted, that this ordinance shall come into full operation on the first day of Novem-
ber next coming. And that no ignorance may be pretended of the several orders contained in this ordi-
nance, the same shall be printed and published as customary.
Practice of the Courts.
In consequence of the Orders in Council remodelling the Supreme Court, and the subsequent establish-
ment of Inferior Courts, local regulations were made directing the mode of proceeding in the Supreme Court
and in the Inferior Courts of British Guiana. Many of these regulations can be of use only to the practi-
tioners of law in the colony itself; but there are some which, as they may affect contracts made in this
country, deserve to be extracted. The first three will give some idea of the jurisdiction of the courts now
established in the colony.
Manner of Proceeding to be observed in the Supreme Courts of Civil Jttstice in British Guiana, made and
established by the Justices of the said Courts, in pursuance of His Majesty's Order in Council, bearing date
20th June 1H31.
Sect. 1. A Court of Civil Justice shall be held in George-town four times in each year, for the district of
Demerara and Essequibo, and twice or three times, if necessary, in each year, in New Amsterdam, for the
district of Berbice.
2. A Roll Court shall be held in each district before a puisne judge, on such days as shall from time to
time be appointed by the Judges of the Supreme Courts, and shall be continued from day to day until the
business brought before it shall be disposed of. Provided however, that no Roll Court shall be appointed to
be held in the months of August, September, and October.
3. Before the first Roll Court of every month, in which there shall be one or more Roll Court, shall he
returnable all and every citation in civil causes over which the Supreme Court has jurisdiction, except in
cases of re-audition from the Roll to the Supreme Court.
27. It shall and may be lawful for the judge of the Roll, and he is hereby required to make, if need be, a
':i
m
tn
- **ii
40
APPENDIX II.—SOUTH AMERICA.
special report to the court, touching the examination, and the conduct or ahsence of any witness or wit-
nesses, or other persons therein, or relating thereto ; a copy of which report, in the event of any appeal to
His Majesty in Council being granted, and the papers taken out shall be delivered with the same ; and it
shall and may be lawful for the court, after the case shall have been closed on both sides and pleaded, to call
up and examine any witness who shall have been examined in the cause.
43. No plantation under execution shall be sold until one year after levy, and the particular description
thereof and notice of the sale shall, at least six months previously to the day of sale, have been three times
advertised in the London Gazette and Amsterdam Courant.
44. At the expiratiim of the year after due notice, as in s. 43, the court or chief justice, during non-ses-
sion, upon petition of the marshal, shall fix a precise day of sale of such plantation, and after advertisement
of such precise day for four successive Saturdays in the government newspaper of the colony, such plantation
shall be sold at a credit of three, six, nine, and twelve months from the day of sale, p»yable in manner here-
inafter stated ; and in the event ot the property to be sold consisting of several lots of land, with or without
slaves or appurtenances, or of several lots of slaves, with or without buildings, and upon which lots respec-
tively there shall be separate or distinct mortgages, liens or claims, the holders of such distinct mortgages,
liens or claims, shall be at liberty to petition the court or chief justice during non-session for an order to
sell, as it shall seem most advantageous to all parties under the circumstances of each particular case, and
to enable the court to ascertain the rights of the respective parties on the decision of preference and
concurrence,
55. If the purchaser of a plantation or other immoveable property sold at execution sale, be a holder of a
first or second mortgage on the same, he shall not be bound to furnish security, or pay, save and except to
the extent of such claims as shall appear to the court to be pieferent to such first or second mortgage, and
of the amount for which the purchase-money shall exceed the amount of the sum due on such first or second
mortgage, provided such first or second mortgage, in virtue of which exemption from security or any part
thereof shall be claimed, shall be deposited with the registrar.
T2. Every barrister, advocate, attorney, and solicitor, upon his admission to practise, shall have adminis-
tered to him, and shall take the following oath : —
" You shall swear that well and truly you shall serve the King's subjects, according to the best of your
learning and knowledge in the law, and you shall truly counsel and advise them that shall retain you according
to the best of your skill, and you shall not defer, protract, nor delay their cause willingly, for lucre or hope
of reward. So help you God."
And no practitioner at the bar shall be allowed to appear for a plaintiff, without filing at the time of his
appearance, a power, ad lites, unless by leave of the court, nor for any defendant without filing, at the time
of his appearance, a copy of the citation served upon the defendant, or some other authentic voucher, as
evidence of his being employed for and on behalf of such defendant.
73. Whenever the secretary shall be called upon to pass or execute a power ad lites, in favour of any
practitioner, care shall be taken to insert tnerein authority to receive monies and to grant receipts, and unless
such authority be inserted in the powers ad lites, the same shall be considered to have been intentionally
■withheld.
76. Edictal citations at the instance of an executor, administrator, curator, guardian, or trustee, shall be
confined to two, that is to say, the first edictal citation shall be issued in the colony within one month after
date of the order obtained from the chief justice, and the second, or last, so soon as the marshal shall have
made his return of the edictal citation having been published three times in Europe, as in section 43, or in
one month after the first shall have been called at the roll, if the publication in Europe be not required.
Manner of proceeding in the Inferior Courts of British Guiana, as established by the Jiidi^^es of the Supreme
Courts in pursuance of His Majesty's Ordur in Council of 20th June, 1831.
Section 19. There shall lie no appeal from any sentence of these courts, and eight clear days after sentence
shall have been pronounced, the party in whose favour the sentence is shall be at liberty to proceed in
execution thereof.
28. Every one shall be at liberty to appear personally in the Inferior Courts, to conduct his own cause, or
to employ by power ad lites a duly admitted barrister, advocate, or attorney, and no other person to
appear for him ; it being however understood that whenever such barrister, advocate, or attorney is employed,
he shall be remunerated by his own client, and no fee or remuneration paid to any barrister, advocate, or
attorney, for appearina: in the Inferior Courts, shall form any part or parcel of the bill of costs to be taxed
against the party condemned.
,^ Qualifications of Assessors.
' Tlie order in Council of the 20th June, 1831, having directed that in certain cases therein mentioned,
assessors should sit with the Judges of the Supreme Court, another order in Council of the date of the 15tli
August, 1832, was issued declaring the qualifications of such assessors. The second order was puhtisheii in
the colony by the proclamation of the Governor, dated on the 25th October in the same year, and was in the
following terms : —
" Whereas on the 20th day of June, 1831, an order was made by His Majesty with the advice of his Privy
Council, for improving the administration of justice in His Majesty's Colonies of British Guiana, Trinidml,
and St. Lucia, whereby it was, amongst other things, ordered, that the assessors of the courts therein
mentioned in Demerara and Berbice should be chosen and appointed in such and the same manner as the
members of the Court of Civil and Criminal Justice of Demerara have heretofore been chosen and appointed,
and that the assessors of the said court for the trial of criminal prosecutions in Trinidad should be chosen
and appointed from and out of the members of the Cabildo of the town of Port of Spain, in the said island;
and that the assessors of the said Royal Court of St. Lucia should be chosen and appointed in such and the
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
41
ness or wit-
.iiy appeal to
lame ; and it
saded, to call
ir description
n three timi's
•ing non-scs-
idvertisemciit
ch plantation
manner here-
th or without
h lots respi'c-
ct mortgages,
If an order to
Lilar case, and
reference and
> a holder of a
and except to
mortgage, and
first or second
ty or any part
have adminis-
e best of your
you according
r lucre or hopi;
;he time of his
iig, at the time
itic voucher, as
favour of any
pts, and unless
n intentionally
ustee, shall be
ne month after
hal shall have
ction 43, or in
required.
b/ the Supreme
after sentence
to proceed in
J own cause, or
[her person to
ley is employed,
J;r, advocate, or
lists to be taxed
f;in mentioned,
ate of the i:)th
Is published in
and was in the
ce of his Privy
liana, Trinidad,
(courts therein
] manner as the
land appointed,
luld bo chosen
|he said island ;
I such and tin
same manner as the members of that court, other than the First President have licretoforc been chosen and
appointed. And whereas it is expedient to admit to the discharge of the duties of assessors in the said courts
respectively, all free adult male inhabitants of the said colonies possessing such qualitiration as hereinafter is
mentioned : it is therefore hereby ordered by His Majesty, by and with the advice of his I'rivy Council, that
so much of the said order as is herein before recited shall be, and the same is hereby revoked and repealed.
And it is hereby further ordered, that every free man, excejit as hereinafter exempted, between the uijes of
L'l years and '"0 years, residing in any of the said colonies, who shall have or be beneficially entitled to, for
bis own use and benefit, either in his own name or in trust for him, within the same colony, 10/. by the year
above reprises in any immoveable property cither in perpetuity or for the life of himself or some other person ;
or who shall have within the same colony for his own use and benefit, either in his own name or in trust
for him as aforesaid, 20/. by the year above reprises in any immoveable property held by lease or leases for the
absolute term of 21 years, or some longer term, or for any term of years determinable on any life or lives ;
or who being a householder should be rated or assessed to any direct tax or impost, or to any rate for the
relief of the poor, or other local object, on a value of not less than 20/. per annum ; or who shall occupy a
house of the annual value of 20/., shall be qualified and liable to serve as an assessor, within the meaning and
for the purposes of the said recited order, in the colony in which every man so qualified respectively shall
reside, and for the puri)ose, and within the meaning of that order, all slaves whether pricdial or personal shall
be considered as immoveable property. I'rovided always, and it is further ordered, that all members of the
legislative bodies of the said respective colonics, all jurors of the Supreme Courts of Justice therein, all
clergymen in holy orders of the Established Church of England and Ireland, all ministers of the Kirk of
Scotland, and of the Lutheran and reformed churches, all priests of the Roman Catholic faith, all persons
who shall teach or preach in any congregation of Protestant dissenters, and who shall follow no secular
occupation except that of schoolmaster, all doctors of law, advocates, counsel, and barristers actually ])rac-
tising, all pttorneys at law, solicitors, and proctors actually practising, all officers of the said courts actually
exercising the duties of their respective offices ; all jailors and persons actually employed by and under them
ill the custody of prisoners ; all physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries actually practising by virtue of any
di))loma, license, or certificate granted by any competent authority ; all officers in His Majesty's navy or
army on full pay, all pilots duly licensed by any competent authority ; all officers of customs, and all officers
actually employed as deputies or assistants to the marshals, or other executive officers of the said courts, shall
be and are hereby absolutely freed and exempted from serving as such assessors as aforesaid. Provided also, and
it is further ordered, that no man who hath been, or shall be convicted of any crime that is infamous, unless
he shall have obtained a free ))ardon, shall serve as such assessor. And whereas it is necessary that provision
should be made for ascertaining the names, places of abode, and descriptions, of all persons within the said
respective colonies qualified and liable to serve as such assessors, for making and revising from time to time,
proper lists of such persons, and for the due summoning of them in sonie settled rotation to serve as such
assessors, and for the impartial selection of a sufficient number of persons from those so summoned to serve
on every criminal prosecution.
It is further ordered, that the chief justices and other judges of the Supreme Court of the said colonies
rcs|)ectively, shall be, and they are hereby authorized, to make, ordain, and establish all necessary rules,
orders, and regulations, respecting the manner in which the names, places of abode, and descriptions of per-
sons within the said respective colonics, qualified and liable to serve as such assessors as aforesaid, shall be
ascertained, and respecting the making and preserving in the different districts and quarters of the said
rcs|)ective colonies lists of all such persons, and respecting the public and other notices to be given prcpara-
tively to the compiling of any such lists, and the publication of any such lists when so compiled ; and
respecting the manner in which all persons whom it may concern shall be called upon or permitted to ojjpose
or object to the insertion or omission of any such list; and respecting the manner in which every such
opposition or objection shall be heard, tried, and determined; and respecting the manner of reforming,
correcting, or allowing any such list ; and respecting the manner and form of all such lists, when corrected
and reformed, shall be recorded ; and also respecting the manner, order, and form in which all persons, whose
names shall be comprised in any such record, shall be summoned to attend at any sessions of any such court,
tlicre to serve as assessors, and respecting the times at which, and the manner in which such summons shall
be served ; and also respecting the mode in which a competent number of assessors shall be chosen, either
by ballot or otherwise, from among the number so summoned to serve as assessors in the said courts ; and also
respecting the proper method of proceeding to preserve a due rotation amongst such assessors ; and also
respecting the several officers by whom, and the times and places at which the before- mentioned duties
respectively shall be done and performed ; and all such rules, orders, and regulations from tin>e to time to
alter, revoke, and renew, as occasion may require. Provided always, that no such rules, orders, and regula-
lations as aforesaid be repugnant to this present order, and that the same be forthwith transmitted under the
seals of such respective courts to the respective Governors, to confirm or disallow the whole or any part of
such rules, orders, and regulations, a.s to such respective Governors may in their discretion seem fit ; and
the same when so confirmed by such respective Governors shall take elfect and be in full force within the
said respective colonies until His Majesty's pleasure shall be known ; and the same shall be transmitted to
His Majesty for his approbation or disallowance, in the manner directed and required by the said recited order
of the 20th June, 1831, with respect to the rules, orders, and regulations of the said Supreme Court therein
mentioned.
And it is further ordered, that if any public officer or other person within the said colonies respectively,
who, by any such rules, orders, and regulations as aforesaid shall be retjuired or directed to perform any
duty, or to do any act in or about or connected with the several matters aforesaid or any of them, shall
refuse or neglect to perform any such duty, or to do any such act, every such officer or other person shall,
for every such olTence, forfeit a sum not exceeding 10/. nor less than 40* , as to the judges of the Supreme
Court of such colony wherein the same shall occur shall seem reasonable,
/
iii ;■
42
APPFNDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
m
m
it;'!,'
.,.h
And it Is further ordered, thnt every i)erson who, under the provision of this present order, or of any such
rules, orders, and rcgidations as aforesaid, shall be duly summoned to serve as an assessor for thp trial of
any criminal prosecution in any of the said colonies, who shall not appear and serve as such assessor after
being openly called three times, and on proof being made on oath of his having been duly summoned, shall
forfeit and pay for every such his default, such fine, not exceeding 10/. nor less than 1/., as the court shall
deem reasonable to impose, unless some just and sufficient cause for such defaulter's absence shall be made
to appear, by oath or affidavit, to the satisfaction of the court. And it is further ordered, that every fine
which shall be imposed by virtue of this present order shall be imposed by a summary proceeding before the
said courts respectively, on the motion of the public prosecutor of and for any such colony, end shall, when
so imposed, be levied and recovered in such and the same manner and by all such ways and means as any
other fine or penalty imposed by a judgment of any such court ; and shall, when so recovered, be paid over
to the treasurer or other receiver of His Majesty's revenue within such colony, in aid of the expenses of the
civil government thereof and the administration of justice therein.
And it is further ordered, that in all criminal prosecutions before the said courts respectively, it shall be a
good cause of challenge of any person summoned to serve as an assessor, that he is not qualified according to
the provisions of this present order, or that he is an illiterate person and unable to read or write, and that
any other cause which according to the law of England would be a good cause of challenge of any man
summoned and returned to serve as a common juror on the trial of any issue joined between the King and
the prisoner on any indictment for felony or misdemeanor, shall also be good cause of challenge to any
assessor summoned to serve on the trial of any criminal prosecution in any of the said colonies, in so far as
that part of the law of England is capable of being applied in the said colonies; and if any such cause of
challenge shall be alleged, either by the public prosecutor or by any such person or persons against whom
any such prosecution may be brought, the judges of the court shall forthwith proceed to enquire of, and
consider the grounds of any such challenge, and shall either allow or overrule the same, as may be just ; and
upon such challenge being so allowed, another person shall be chosen to serve as assessor in the place ami
stead of the person so challenged, and so on, until a sufficient number of assessors shall appear against
whom no cause, or no just cause, of challenge shall be alleged.
And it is further ordered, that after deducting six from the whole number of the persons summoned and
actually appearing to act as assessors on any criminal prosecution, the public prosecutor and the person or
persons against whom the prosecution may be brought, shall each have as many peremptory challenges as
shall be equal to one half of the remaining number, or should the remaining number not be an even numbtr,
then the person or persons against whom the prosecution may be brought shall have one peremptory
challenge more than the public prosec\itor.
And it is further ordered, that before proceeding to the trial of any such criminal prosecution, each
assessor shall, in open court, audibly pronounce and take the oath appointed by the law of England to be
taken by petit jurors impannelled for the trial of any issue joined between the King and any person or
persons arraigned upon any indictment in His Majesty's Court of King's Bench at Westminster.
And it is further ordered, that the assessors so to be summoned and chosen as aforesaid, shall have,
exercise, and enjoy all such and the same rights, powers, and privileges, and shall perform all such and the
same duties as according to the provisions of the said recited Order in Council might be exercised, enjoyed,
and performed by the assessors therein mentioned.
And it is further ordered, that this present order shall take effect and come into operation in the said
respective colonies so soon as the same shall have been promulgated within any such colony by the Governor
thereof, and not before ; and that for the purposes and within the meaning of this present order, the officer
administering the government of any such colony shall be esteemed and taken to be the Governor thereof.
And the Right Honourable Lord Viscount Goderich, one of His Majesty's principal Secretaries of State,
is to give the necessary directions herein accordingly.
C. Greville.
ASSESSORS.
An Ordinance to provide a sufficient number of Assessors to be associated with the Judges of the Supmnc
Courts of Criminal Justice of British Guiana, as enacted by the Governor and Court of Policy on the i)th
December, ,'.83 1.
Whereas, by an order made and passed by His Majesty in Council, hearing date the 20th June, 1831, it
was amongst other matters provided that three assessors shall be associated with three judges upon the trial
of any person or persons in either of the Supreme Courts of the colony for any crime or offence, such
assessors being entitled to deliberate and vote with such judges upon the final judgment to be pronounced
in every such criminal case.
And whereas it was further provided that assessors shall be liable to be challenged on such and like
grounds as may be alleged as lawful grounds of challenge against any petit juror impannelled for the trial
of any indictmtat in England :
And whereas the number of persons to be elected, chosen, and appointed to serve as assessors must be
sufficient to provide for cases of challenges held to be valid :
CI. 1. Be it therefore enacted, that there shall be for the Supreme Criminal Court of Demerara and
Essequibo a number of twelve assessors, and for the Supreme Criminal Court of Berbice a like number of
twelve assessors.
2. And be it further enacted, that the right to elect assessors is and shall be vested in the College of
Kiezers of British Guiana, and in the exercise of this right the college shall be bound to make a double
nomination of persons for the office of assessor, to be transmitted through the hands of His Excellency tlie
Governor to the judges of the Supreme Court, and that it shall be lawful for the said judges to select one of
the persons i
of a vacancy
3. And b(
each person
selected for e
munication t
person shall
shall certify
good and vali
Court of Poll
to law.
4. And be
serve as an as
allowed to sig
within such p
His Excellenc
and subscribe
"You shall
Justice for D(
the final judgi
atfection. So
After which
the Governor
if sufficient rea
•'). And be il
administer oati
the said Order
C. And be it
each session of
Demerara and
appointed for t
proclamations (
appointing the
assessors.
7. And be it
assessors who ii
lar pieces of pa|
therefrom in su
legal ground of
And that no
shall be publish
There were
nance : —
An Ordinance pi
nance mtitled
of the Suprem
Whereas we 1
pnl)lished on the
associated with t
Be it therefore
—that instead o
spectively : —
CI. 8. And be
name having bee
decline to sit as (
sufficient cause b
cause, or has goo
His Excellency tl
thereupon, if he i
the recovery of tl
of Policy.
9. And be it .",
■ osed in which s
having served for
the expiration of
been elected and i
from further servi
J'oliey to be relie
to the Governor i
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMKRICA.
43
tlie iicrsons nominntcd to serve bs an nsscsaor, nnd the like form shall lie ohserved on each and every occasion
of a vacancy occurring in the complement of the said asseiisors for the said courts respectively.
3. And be it furtlier enacted, that notification shall he sent hy the secretary of the Conrt of Justice to
each person who shall be selected in manner aforesaid, and in case of any person who shall have been
selected for an assessor refusing to accept the otliee, or iiej^U'cting to sij^nify his acceptance by written com-
munication delivered to the secretary aforesaid, within fourteen days from the date of notilication, such
person shall he liable to a fine of l.-^OO guilders in behalf of the colony, and the judges of the Supreme Court
shall certify to the Ciovernor and Court of Policy that such a fine has been incurred, whereupon, unless
good and valid reason for such non-acceptance or neglect be shewn to the satisfaction of the Governor and
Court of Policy, the said court shall order and direct the Colonial Receiver to proceed for the fine according
to law.
4. And be it further enacted, that each and every person who shall he selected in manner aforesaid to
serve as an assessor, shall, within the period of one week from the expiration of the term of fourteen days
allowed to signify his acceptance of otfice, and whose acceptance shall have been notified to the secretary, or
within such period of fourteen days if he shall have accepted the oflice and desires to be sworn, appear before
His Excellency the Governor, the Chief Justice or one of the Puisne Judges of the Supreme Court, and take
and subscribe the following oath ;
" You shall faithfully and truly discharge the duties of an assessor in the Supreme Court of Criminal
Justice for Demcrara and Essequibo (or for Herblce, as the case may be), and shall deliberate and vote on
the final judgment to be passed on all criminal trials on which you may sit, without partiality, favour, or
affection. So help you God."
After which his appointment shall be publicly notified in the Royal Gazette of the colony; His Excellency
the Governor or one of the judges being, nevertheless, empowered to extend the time for taking such oath,
if sufficient reasons be alleged to either of them to grant such extension of time.
!S. And be it further enacted, that the Puisne Judges of the Supreme Court shall have the same power to
administer oaths in all cases, civil and criminal, as the Presiding Judge of the Court of Justice, styled under
the said Order in Council the Chief Justice, now has, and heretofore had.
fi. And be it further enacted, that it shall be the duty of each and every assessor to attend the sittings at
each session of the Supreme Criminal Court ; those assessors who are appointed for the Supreme Court of
Demerara and Essequibo to attend the sittings to be held in George Town, and those assessors who are
appointed for the Supreme Court at Berbice to attend the sittings in New Amsterdam respectively ; and the
proclamations of His Excellency the Governor for the time being in the Royal Gazette of British Guiana,
appointing the time of holding such sessions respectively, shall be due nd sutlieient notice to all such
assessors.
7. And be it further enacted, that previous to the bringing up of any person for trial, the names of all the
assessors who may be in otfice for the time being, in the aforesaid jurisdictions respectively, written on simi-
lar pieces of paper, shall be placed in a box by the secretary of the Supreme Courts respectively, to be drawn
therefrom in succession by the second puisnejudge, and after three assessors are found to whom there is no
legal ground of challenge or objection, the trial shall proceed.
And that no ignorance may be pretended of the several orders contained in this ordinance, these presents
shall be published, affixed, and sent rouiid for general information.
There were two other clauses in this ordinance, but they have been repealed by the following ordi-
nance : —
•' '1
S
tb
An Ordinance passed by the Governor and Court of Policy on the 23rf day of Aus^ust, 1832, to amend an Ordi-
nance (mti tied " An Ordinance to proride a sufficient number of Assessors to be associated with the Judges
of the Supreme Court of Criminal Justice of British Guiana."
Whereas we have deemed it expedient to amend an ordinance enacted on the 21st December, 1831, and
published on the •22d following, intituled " An Ordinance to provide a sufficient number of Assessors to be
associated with the Judges of the Supreme Court of Criminal Justice of British Guiana :"
Be it therefore enacted that the 8th and 9th clauses of the said ordinance are hereby amended to the effect
— that instead of the said clauses, the following shall be and are hereby substituted in lieu thereof re-
spectively : —
CI. 8. And be it further enacted, that if any person, who having been appointed an assessor and whose
name having been drawn as already prescribed in clause 7, shall not be present to answer thereto, or shall
decline to sit as an assessor on any such trial, he shall be liable to a fine of 100 guilders, unless good and
suflicient cause be shewn to the satisfaction of the judges that such assessor is absent from unavoidable
cause, or has good reason for declining to sit on such trial ; and the judges shall, when they see fit, certify to
His Excellency the Governor, that such fine or fines has or have been incurred ; and His Excellency may
thereupon, if he see fit, either grant authority to the colonial receiver to proceed by summary execution for
the recovery of the said fine or fines, or submit the consideration of this proceeding to the Honourable Court
of Policy.
9. And be it T, rther enacted, that each assessor shall be liable to serve two years, and until the session is
■ osed in which such two years may expire, should the same take place during any such session ; and after
having served for such period of two years, shall not be compellable to accept the office of assessor, until after
the expiration of two years from the end of such service, provided nevertheless, that any person who has
been elected and accepted the office of assessor may. at any time during such period of two years, be relieved
from further service on payment of a fine of l,500f., or may apply by petition to the Governor and Court of
Policy to be relieved from such further service without the payment of such fine, and it shall be competent
to the Governor and Court of Policy, on good and valid reasons being adduced, to relieve such person from
44
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
such further sprvice. But any prrsoii clrctcd an assessor, and who may have paid the fine, shall bo liable to
be re-elected and to serve at tlie expirntioii of two years Irom the period of his former election.
And that no ignorance may he pretended of the several orders contained in this ordinance, these presents
shall be published, allixcd, and sent round for general information.
■■9(
1).— THE FALKLAND ISLANDS. [See Book II. page 142.]
In consequence of the desire now so generally evinced to settle permanently these islands, and their elif^i.
bility as penal settlements being very a|)i)arcnt, the following information is given in addition to that con-
tained in Book 11. — South America. (These documents and many others relating to the subject have been
placed in my hands by Henry Moreing, l'",s(i., a gentleman well qualified for carrying into effect his sound
views as to the eligibility of the Falkland Islands for a penal settlement) : —
The Falkland Islands, called the Malouine by the French, and the Maloina Islands by the Spaniards, froni
their pretended discovery by Bouchesne de Gouin, a native of St. Malo's, are situated between lat. ."ii;. nd.,
and .')1. fi. South, and long, from London ,57. to fil. .30. west. They are very numerous ; being stated by sonic
persons to be 'M)0 and by others 'JO in number ; most of them are very small, but two, called generally enst
and west Falkland Islands, are large ; the former being about 80 miles long by SO broad, and the latter 100
by :)0.
These islands were first discovered by Captain Davis, who sailed under the command of Sir Thomas
Cavendish, in l.')92; but he was too much distressed at the time to make any particular observations on
them, nor did he even give them a name, which was reserved for Sir Richard Hawkins to do ; who having
two years after, again discovered them, called them Hawkins's Maiden Land. In l.'iilH, Scbald de Waert who
commanded one of Van Nooil's squadrons, fell in with these islands, and imagining himself to be the disco-
verer, called them after himself, the Sebalriine Islands, and by this name they were ])laced in the maps.
For upwards of a century no further notice of this land is to be found until in 1089, Captain Strong, whose
M.S. Journal is in the British Museum (ad. M. S. Cotton, 072), in his voyage to the south sea, met with,
and gave them their present name in honour of the then Lord Falkland. Danipier and various other navi-
gators subsequently touched at them, but appear to have considered them of too little importance to merit nn
accurate description.
Lord Anson's "voyage" first publicly pointed out the great importance it would be of to England to have
a friendly port and place of refreshment for her ships nearer to the south than the Brazils. The editor of
the "voyage" enters very fully into the subject, and every argument there made use of applies as strongly
to the present day, as when it was written. Wc find that soon after his Lordship was jilaced at the head of
the Admiralty, preparations were made for sending out a frigate to examine with precision the state and
condition of these islands ; but from some cause or other the expedition never sailed. The design of an
establishment on or near the coast of Patagonia was not, however, then a new scheme ; Charles the L'nd
wa"» fully alive to its advantages, and had despatched Sir John Narborough at his own expense to carry it
into effect. The Dutch also long before had attempted to make a settlement in this quarter, but failed for
want of proper information. It was not until 1704, or 172 years after we had discovered the islands, that
active measures were taken to settle them. In that year. Commodore Byron was sent out for that purjiosc
by Lord Egmont, but after formally taking possession and surveying the harbours, January 176.5, he sailed
without leaving any one in them.
About the same time, or rather a little before, a spirit of adventure had arisen in France directed to the
south sea, and Mons. de Bougainville was encouraged by the French government to undertake at his own
expence the colonization of the Falkland, or as they called them, the Malouine Islands.
The jealous policy of the Spaniards could not see a foreign settlement so near the coast of South America
without uneasiness ; they accordingly set up a claim to these islands, under the pretence that they had hocn
discovered by Americus Vespucci, and in 1760, Monsr. de Bougainville, having received a very large sum of
money to compensate him for the expense incurred, the French settlers returned to France, and their places
were occupied by some Spanish troops commanded by a Colonel Catani. The same year the first establish-
ment by the British was formed at Port Egmont, on the western island, by Captain Macbride, and what is
very singular, the two colonies seem to have gone on until 1770, a period of four years without either having
been aware of the others vicinity ; or at any rate without any communication. However in February \lliK
two Spanish frigates arrived at Port Egmont, the commanding officer of which expressed much surprise at
seeing the English Hag Hying, and protested against the occupation, at the same time stating that lie would
refrain from any other mode of proceeding until he had acquainted his Catholic Majesty with the disagree-
able transaction.
These vessels were followed on the 4th of June by a fleet of five frigates having 1 ,700 troops on board and the
English were ordered by the commander of the expedition, Don Ignacia Madariaga, immediately to depart from
that port, and totally to evacuate all the islands known by the name of Falklands. The Favourite sloop
of sixteen guns, with the crew of the Swift, which had been lost, forming our whole force on the station,
were obliged after a show of resistance to capitulate to so sujierior an armament, and on the lOtli of .Iniio,
articles were signed by the respective commanders, by which the English were permitted to depart, taking
with them as many stores as they could carry, and receiving receipts for the rest, for which the Spanish tin-
vernor of Port Solidad became answerable. These proceedings excited a great sensation in England, and
very decided measures were taken to avenge the atlVont which had in a time of peace been offered to our (lag.
Party spirit ran high on the occasion, and the subject gave rise to some brilliant debates, in both Houses
of Parliament. An address was moved for and carried in the House of Lords on the restoration of the
islands to Great Britain, and a long and able protest against leaving open the question of soverci|.;iity was
drawn up and signed by Lord Chatham, the Dukts of Richmond and Devonshire, and L") other Peers.
War, for w
of a declaratir
which the vio
fl^M•ecd to [se
Ayres ; we su
iiig inscriptioi
" Be it knowr
" and creek
" Third, Kii
" Plate is s(
" ton, comii
From this t
taken place in
he found ment
ally to have to
a lew left by t
of the islands '
commander en
der of a Soiitl
ment of the Ui
country to v^hi
This commu
Ayrien govern
with all its catt
condition of his
service. Verm
this grant and i
to encourage s£
chased for a sm
Don Vernet |
himself. In 18
took ujion him
tions, and carrii
Port Louis, this
caused hostilitit
government seti
on our account
rulers was turn«
Lord Palmerstoi
prudent to with
on that station.
This short ac
high estimation
rising empire in
South American
Falklands by vi
and greater distn
A single glanc
our ships — as n
terous latitude—
Weddcll gives th
ll'cut Point Hiirh
It unfortunate
to serve a purpos
met with is by I
Bougainville him
the French had g
In the present
Weddell, an Engl
Weddell, who
himself principall
were forty years
now almost entin
Morrell says "
rocks, and susce
excellent grazing
ground producing
sahihrioiis, free fn
It will be appar
pievent the succci
liable to
presenU
licir clisi-
that ci)i>-
Imve been
hi8 HOIIIUI
mis, from
,t. ."ili. liC'.,
d liy sonu'
crnlly rnst.
liitter KM)
ir Thomas
vations on
/ho having
A'aprt wlio
the disco-
the maps,
jug, whose
rriL't with,
other navi-
to merit an
md to have
he editor of
as strongly
the liead of
le state and
esign of an
rlcs the '.'nd
to carry it
failed for
5lands, tliiit
hat purpose
he sailed
ctcd to the
at his own
lard and the
juepart from
Turite sloop
Ithc station,
Jth of June,
jpart, taking
Spanish Go-
liiglaiid, anil
, tooiirlla;;.
3th Houses
lation of tlif
Ireignty was
cers.
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
4'S
War, for which prcat preparntlons had been made, was however averted by the ncceptanco by the Ministry,
of a declaration dated June 22nd 1771, and signed by the Prince de Maserano, the Spanisji Ambassador, in
which the violence complained of was disavowed by the Spanish government, and restoration of the islands
Ri^reed to [see next i)age]. We aecordingly again took possession, and the Spaniards rctvirned to Hiienos
Ayres ; we snbserpiently abandoned the settlement as nseless on the 20th March 1774, leaving the follow-
ing inscription engraved on a piece of lead allixcd to a conspicuous object :
" He it known to all Nations that Falkland Islands with this Fort, the storchoiises, wharf, harbours, bay,
" and creeks thereunto belonging, are the sole right and property of His Most Sacred Majesty (ieorge the
" Third, King of Great llritnin, France, and Ireland, Dcfi'iuler of the Faith, Sec. ; in witness whereof this
" Plate is set u|), and His Hritannick Majesty's Colours left tlying as a mark of possession by S. W. Clay-
" ton, commanding olFicer at Falkland Islands, A.H. 1771."
From this time until lH2n, a period of forty-six years during which the most extraordinary changes had
taken place in every part of the world but particularly in the neighbouring continent, nothing further is to
he found mentioned of the Falkland Islands. Sealers and whaling vessels of various nations seem occasion-
ally to have touched there, attracted by the immense herds of cattle (which had wondertully increased from
a few left by the Spaniards) and by the numerous marine animals on the coasts, but claim to the sovereignty
of the islands was not disputed until the period above mentioned ; when Ca|)tain Weddell an intelligent
commander engaged in a whaling voyage, while laying at Port Kgmont received a letter from the Comman-
der of a South American Patriot National frigate named the Heroine, saying that the " Supreme govern-
ment of the United Provinces of South America, had taken possession of these ielands in the name of the
country to which they naturally appertain."
This communication if made known to our government met with no attention, and in 1825 the Buenos-
Ayrien goverinnent proceeded to assign to a German named Louis Vernet the whole of the eastern island
with all its cattle ancl produce as well as the neighbouring island called Staten island in perpetuity upon
condition of his discharging certain arrears of pay which had accrued to some military olhcers in the patriot
service. Vernet who appears to have embarked considerable capital in the speculation, took possession of
this grant and for five or six years carried on a profitable trade in hides, oil, salt fish, &c. He endeavoured
to encourage settlers, and divided the island into eleven sections, which he ottered for sale, one was pur-
chased for a small sum by a Mr. Langdon.
Don Vernet (so called) at length rather injudiciously exercised the j)owers which he had conferred upon
himself. In 18.31 in virtue of his authority as owner, governor, and commander-in-chief of the island he
took upon him to seize some American vessels, which had contravened his territorial or maritime regula-
tions, and carried them to Buenos Ayres for adjudication. They were condcmTied, and a garrison placed at
Port Louis, this proceeding leading to an angry remonstrance and a claim to the Falkland islands, nearly
caused hostilities between the two republics. While the dispute was at its height, Jan. 18.33, the English
government settled the rpiestion by sending the Clio, Commander Onslow, to take possession of the islands
on our account, and to remove any strangers who might be located there. The wrath of the Argentine
rulers was turned from Washington to St. James's, and very strong language used on the subject; but as
Lord Palmerston continued firm in his views on the subject, the Cabinet of Huenos Ayres did not think it
prudent to withdraw its envoy or come to a rupture, and an English vessel of war has ever since continued
on that station.
This short account (in addition to the statements at Chapter III. page 142) will serve to point out the
his;h estimation in which these islands are held by all nations as a port of shelter for their ships. Our
rising empire in Australia places us in the position occupied by the Spaniards previous to the revolt of their
South American colonics, and every motive which could operate as an inducement to them to occupy the
Falklands by violence and the risk of war, becomes of double weight in our case from the isolated position
and greater distance of our colonies.
A single glance at the map will suflTice to shew the advantages of their situation. In the direct track of
our ships — as nearly as possible half way between New South Wales and the mother country — in a bois-
terous latitude — with numerous and admirable harbours — they seem ])laced by nature for our especial use.
Weddell gives the following latitudes and longitudes : — Ship Harbour, New Inland, lat. ,')1.42.3G. long. 61.9.
U'i'st Point Harbour, lat. .'Jl. 24. \h. long. GO. 30. 30. Port Louis, lat. 51 . 32. long. 58. 3. 30.
It unfortunately happens that almost every published account which we have of this spot has been written
to serve a purpose, and must be look at with suspicion. The first detailed description of the Falklands to be
met with is by Dom Pernetty, an ecclesiastic, who accompanied De Bougainville. The next is given by De
l)ouu;ainville himself, in his account of his voyage round the world. Both these accounts were written after
the French had given up the islands, and are evidently intended to reconcile the Spaniards to their purchase.
In the present century, the only persons who have written on the Falklands are three captains of whalers.
Weddell, an Englishman, in 1825 ; and Murrell and Fanning, Americans, in 1832 and 1833.
Weddell, who passed two winters among the islands, says but little about the soil or climate, confining
himself principally to an account of the harbours; but suppo.ses the seasons to I)e much milder than they
were forty years ago, which he attributes to the immense bodies of ice then found in 50. S. lat. having
now almost entirely disappeared.
Morrell says " It is my opinion that something might be made of these islands ; the soil is good, clear of
rocks, and susceptible of easy tillage, and high cultivation. Luxuriant meadows in the interior aflbrd
excellent grazing for cattle all the year round. Though destitute of trees, there is no want of fuel, the low
ground producing an abundance of excellent peat or turf, which burns well. The climate is temperate and
salubrious, free from the extremes of heat or cold, though subject to frequent rains and storms of wind."
It will be apparent from these accounts that no obstacles of sufiieient importance present themselves to
prevent the successful formation of a penal settlement at the Falkland Isles ; on the contrary, every circum-
ii' I!!
4A
APPENDIX II.— SOUTH AMERICA.
ti
i
;i 1
Si
¥^A
stance seems to point out the peculiar eliKihilify of the Falklnnds for thin purpose. They combine in them-
selves almost all the advantages, without any of the inconveniences which attach to Norfolk I.ilnnd niul
Tasmnn's Peninsula, the two places recommended by the Select Committee on Transportation to he chosen
as the spots on which to carry into effect their views on this important subject. Their healthiness is
undoubted ; while their comparative proximity to Kngland, the total absence of inhabitants, the Rrcal
abundance of cattle existing on them, and their insular position and limited extent, offer inducements t(»
their occupation as an asylum for unfortunate criminals not to be met with in any other cjuarter of the
globe. In fact there is no reason why these islands might not, under judicious management, become, as
well as a great self-supporting jjcnitentiary, a source of profit to the country, and an incnlculnble benefit to
commerce. As the Eastern and Western Island are 12 miles apart, the one island might be made a place of
stricter discipline than the other; and a removal from the one station to the other be a source of punish-
ment or reward to the prisoners. There is abundance of building stone ; and wood may be obtained in any
quantities, and adapted for every purpose, at Staten island and on the shores of the Straits of Mngellaii.
Water abounds of excellent quality, and admirably situated for the construction of mills. The coast teems
with fish, of which large quantities have been exported dried ; and amphibious animals and whales yield oil
and whalebone to a vast extent. Every circumstance therefore combines to favour the immediate coloniza-
tion of these islands.
Extracts fuom State Papers.
Extract of a Letter from Captain George Fanner tu Mr, Stepheni, d'tted on board the " Fammrlte," September 2, I7;o.
Sir,— The 4th of June, the " Industry," a Spanish frifcatc, ancliurcd In Port Egmont Harbour, having hecn, tlicy
said. &3 rioys from Uuenos Ayres, pnt in for water, and bound to I'ort Solcdnd. On the 7th, anchnred here four Spnnlsh
frigates, which had been 26 days from Uneuns Ayrcs, came out in company witli tlie " Industry," and |)artcd witli lier
lour days before. On the arrival of these ships, the " Industry" hoisted a broad pennant. I now ordered most of tlii'
officers and men bcionging: to the late "Swift" on shore to defend the settlement, and urdoreil Captain Maltl>y to g^t tliu
" Favourite" nearer in to Jason's Cove. One of the friuratcs sent an officer on board to aciiuaint Captain Midtliy tliat if
weiglicd they would Are into him, which he took no notice of, hut got under sail. The Spanish frigate fired two shots,
which fell to leeward of the " Favourite." Three of them got under weigh, and kept working to tlie windward, as did
the " Favourite." Captain Maltby sent an officer on board the Spanish commodore to know why one of th'j ships uniier
his command had fired two shots at the " Favourite." His answer was, they were nut tired at the " Favourite," but as
signals to him.
Since the first appearance of those ships, I began to clear the stores out of the block-house. The four 12-poundcrs
at the battery were sunk so low in water and mud, that they were entirely useless. I had them transported to the block-
house, and had port-holes cut out for them, with a platform before, covered round with the cordage.
We now wrote to the Spanish conmiodore, desiring, as he had received tlie refreshments he stood in need of, that he
would depart from hence. Vila answers, with the preparations they were making, left us no doubt of tlieir real intentinii.
The Spanish commodore in one of his letters desired us to send to view the troops that were ready for landing, whicli wn
did on the evening of the Uth.
Our officers reported them to be (seamen and all included) about l,6on, with a train of artillery sufficient to reduce a
regular foitifieution, and five frigates from 20 to .12 tons. By this time the frigates had warped in shore, and moored
head and stern opposite to tlie block-house and battery.
At night Captain Maltby, with 50 of the " Favourite's" men, came on shore, and brought with them two six. pounders,
swivels, small arms, ammunition, &c. The next morning, a part of the Spanish troops and artillery landed about \\M n
mile to the northward of us. When they had advanced almut half way to us from where they hud landed, the rest of
their boats, with the remainder of the troops and attillery, put off from one of the frigates, and rowed right in for tliu
cove, covered by the fire of the frigates, whose shot went over tiie block-house.
We fired some shot, and (not seeing the least probability of being able, against such a superior force, to defend the
settlement) hoisted a flag of truce, and desired articles of capitulation, wliich were in part granted. Their troops then
landed, and took possession of the place.
I send you by Mr. Gower (late lieutenant of the "Swift"), who goes express, copies of all tlic ictteri-, articles, anil
capitulation, receipts, &c. that passed between the Spaniards and us.
I am, &c. &c. Geor^^ Farmer.
Copy of a Letter from the Spanish Commodore, John Ignanio Madnrinf>a, to Captain George Farmer, dated in the linij
of Criiisuda, alh Jane, 17/0.
Mv dear Sir,— Finding myself with incomparable superior forces of troops, train of artillery, utensils, ammunition,
and all the rest corresponding, for to reduce a regular fortification, with 1, jon men for disembarking, for wliieh Siti .ire
of clioice regular troops, as you may see, I see myself obliged in this case to intimate to you, ac-ording to tiie orders oi
my court, that you should quit that began establishment; for, if you don't execute it amicaldy, I will oblige you l)y
force, and you will be answerable for all the ill results of the action and measures 1 shall take. I am always at your
service ; pray unto Uod to preserve you many years.
1 kiss your liand, &c. &c. John Ignacio Madariuga.
Translation of the Declaration signed and delivered by Prince de Maserano Ambassador from JJis Catholic Majesty,
dated '2'id January 17/1.
His Britannic Majesty having complained of tlie violence which was committed on the 10th of June 1770, at tlie Inland
commonly called the great Malouine, and by the English, Falkland's Island, in obliging by force, the commander niiil
subjects of His Britannic Majesty to evacuate the port by them called Egmont, a step oO'ensive to the honor of his
Crown 1 the Prince de .Vlaserano, Ambassador Extraordinary of His Catholic Majesty, has received orders to declare tlmt
His Catholic Majesty, considering the desire with which he is animated for peace, and for the maintenance of good har-
mony with His Urilaunic Majesty, and reflecting that this event might interrupt it, has seen witli displeasure this expe-
dition tending to disturb it; and In the persuasion in whicli he is, of the reciprocity of sentiments of His Britannic
Majesty, and of its being far from his intention to authorize anything that miglit disturb the good understanding
between the two courts. His Catholic Majesty does disavow the said violent enterprize; and iii consequence, the Prince
de Maserano declares, that His Catholic Majesty engages to give immediate orders that things shall be restored in the
great Malouine, at the port called Egmont, precisely to the state in whieii they were before the inth of June l,";(li for
which purpose His Catholic Majesty will give orders to one of his officers, to deliver up to the officer authorized by His
Britannic Majesty, the port and fort called Egmont; with all the artillery, stores and effects of His Dritannlc Majesty and
his subjects, whicli were at that place on the day above named, agreeable to tlie inventory which has been made of them.
Tlie Prince de Maserano declares at the same time in the name of the King his master, that the engagement of Ills
said Catholic Majesty to restore to His Britannic Majesty the possession of the port and fort called Egmont, cannot, nor
ought, anywise to affect the questum of the prior right of sovereignty of the Malouine Islands, otherwise called Kiilk-
land Islands. In witness whereof, I the underwritten, Ambassador Extraordinary, have signed the present declaration
with my usual signature, aud caused it to be scaled witli our arms. London, the 22d day of January 1771.
(signed) Le Prince de Maserano. (i. s.)
Tranilnii
HisCatholl
name, to the I
port and fort
to me, exprei
before sulislt
iixed against
lie immediate
Mnjesty sholl
Majesty, the ^
of his subject!
engaged in II
said Catholic
liaiids of one
to show llic fi
Prince de Mas
satisfaction fo
tannic Mojcst
tlivm to be sci
A.— Tni
o
a
3
15
C
as
O
a
u
eg
01
'A
C X!
O C
Oti
1827
1H28
1829
18.30
18.3l|
1832|
18.'! 3
1834
183
183G
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
18;{3
1834
183,')
i83C>\
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
2
'o
O
■Z S'1832
Syil833
'^oil834
§.= ,18.3.',
'<,& 1836
i
4fi)
4f,(
.-if,!
68:
90:
79.'
75(
6li
C2t
C3i
22c
24(j
213
220
220
24;i
2,'-,l
220
286
249
43
48
61'
66(
86;
Mi
85,'
8H(
7,5-1
579
A'o<e.— The dc
British or Irish [
in them-
ilnnd nnil
h: cliostii
thiiu'ss is
the Rreal
cnicnts to
or of tliu
ccome, as
benefit to
a place of
)f punish-
icd in any
Mngellaii.
last tei'ins
!s yield oil
> coluniza-
•r J, I7"fl.
been, tlicy
)iir Spaiilsli
C(l with liur
must of tliL-
ly to K"' 'li>!
iiltl)y timt If
(I two SllOtH,
ward, as ili(l
Ullips UIllIlT
rite," but as
la-pniinders
to the block-
«t of, tlint 111!
lal intention,
ig, which Wfi
,t to reduce ft
and moored
ilx-ijounders,
. about h:ilf ft
d, the rest of
ht in for the
I defend the
troops then
articles, and
Farmer.
in the liny
nnimnnition,
vliich ;t-2fi nre
the oiilersol
blige you by
.ways at your
adurianii.
Majesty,
at the Mand
rnniander nml
honor of Ills
declare that
of good har-
ire this cxpe-
llis Britannic
indcrstanding
;e, tlie I'rince
•stored in tlie
.inc ir'i'i fof
nrized by His
i Majesty and
lade of tbi'ni.
;emcnt of Ills
cannot, nor
_ called Fnlk-
rit declaration
(i.s.)
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA. 47
TraniliiUnn nfthf Karl o/ Uorhfiir<P» Aecfjitam-f, ilntrd Jmniarn 'fid, 1701, vf the Pitnre He lUmernno'i Dti'l. linn
iif till- Hiiiitr dutf.
IllsCatlioUr MajMty hnvtnK autliorlrcd the Vrlnccof Manerano, his AmhaNsadnrExtranrillnary.tnoirerln HI* M ■ 'ty**
name, to the KlnR of Great llrltaln. a kutlntactlon fnrtlic Injury done to Ills llrltnnnlc Majesty, by dlsposscnaing' hii «f tho
|iort and fort ol I'ort Kgrmnnt i and tho hbUI anihamador liiivlnR thU day slKned a dcclarntlon, which he has Just ili vercd
to me, ex)iruiMln(r therein, that Ills Catholic MuJcHty helnif ileHlroiis to restore the Kovd harmony and frleiulshiii which
before suhsittcd between the two crowns, dues disavow the expcililloii aKUinst I'oit EKinoiit, In which force ban i>eeii
used against Ills llrltannic Majesty's possessions, commander and subjects) ami does also enKaKO that all things shall
he linmcdlftlcly restored to the precise situation in which they stood before tho Kttb of June l/jn t and that Ills Catholic
Majesty shall icivo orders In conse<|nence to one of his ofHcers, to deliver up to the onicer appointed by Ills Hrltannlc
Majesty, the port and fort of I'ort GKmoiit, ns also all his Urltannlc Majesty's artillery, stores anil effects, as well u* thosu
of Ills subjects, accordinu to the Inventory which tias been made of them. And the said ambassador havliiR moreover
encaifcd In Ills Catholic Majecty's name, that what Is contained Intlie said drclaratl in shall he carried Into effect by HI*
sbIiI Catholic Majesty, and that duplicates of Ills Catholic Majesty's orders to his ofllcers sbiill be delivered Into the
hands of one his Urltannlc Majesty's principal secretary's of state within six weeks : his said Urltannlc Majesty, In order
to show the friendly disposition on his part, has authorized me to declare, that ho will look upon the said deehiriktlnu of
Prince do Maserano, toKcther with the full performance of the said cnKaKcment on the part of Ills Catholic Majesty, as a
satisfaction for the Injury done to his Crown of lireat Britain. In witness whereof, I the underwritten, one of Ills llil.
tiinnlc Majesty's principal Secretaries of .Mate, have slKiied these presonti with my usual signature, and have caused
them to be sealed with our arms. Loudun, January 'J:ii\, 1771.
(slsucdj liuchfurd. (l, •.)
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
A. — Trade of the United Kingdom with the British North American Colonies, from 1H27 to 1836,
both inclusive.
Official Value of Imports
from the rrveral
Colonies. |
Official Value of Exports
to the several Colonics.
Declared Value of British
and Irish Produce and
Manufactures exported, j
41
Official value of Imports
from the several
Colonies.
Oliieiul Value of Exports
to the several Colonies.
British
ce and
lorted. ■
British and Irish
Produce and
Manufactures.
Foreign and
Colonial
Merchandize.
CO
t:
a.
1
British and Irish
Produce and
Manufactures.
Foreign and
Colonial
Merchandize.
1
V.
3
e2
Declared Value of
and Irish Produi
Manufactures exj
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
1827
468766
794637
155853
950490
617709
1827
200045
256016
60884
316900
293595
1828
466065
1059225
189058
1248283
787289
'^ u
1828
237761
286298
69703
356001
307420
1829
569452
980476
136946
1117422
709141
= 1
1829
243628
306604
67213
373818
339700
(d
1830
682202
1388201
181819
1570020
997502
CO 2
.0
1830
264032
2783.53
48392
326745
294250
1831
902915
1749847
172242
1922089
1136819
^2
1831
256086
318253
38182
356435
314833
C
1832
795652
1863118
215831
2078949
1173587
^s-s
1832
226324
.341487
42699
384186
309017
18:f3
756466
1789876
210335
2100211
1171565
1°
1833
302323
337886
56251
394137
301750
1834
613598
1171540
168085
1339625
799912
|s
1834
181566
298361
55620
3.53981
273126
1835
629051
1842176
285355
2127.531
1184985
l<s
1835
224378
338386
48816
387202
302815
1836
633575
2388861
350646
2739507
1539153
01
'4.
1836
195860
343322
56171
399493
297823
1827
226372
207690
29250
236940
199584
■a .
1827
51 171
23150
4188
27338
33759
,
1828
246013
293268
32009
325277
269622
^1
K 1
1828
,54961
35110
4933
40043
41701
1829
21384;i
252225
22698
274923
224393
1829
60522
60037
7815
67852
64662
1
1830
220094
245899
30596
276491
21,5448
5s
1830
32857
81900
8244
90144
91136
s
1831
220524
312874
25549
338333
26680 1
00
1831
66672
496,53
6208
55861
59273
u
pq
1832
243800
390666
26417
417083
281500
1832
39379
36326
4144
40470
43413
1833
251033
430880
23281
454161
316529
C cd
4) 03
1833
7173
31890
8206
40096
40016
1834
220418
481001
38061
519062
350993
£ V,
1834
64226
48210
6059
54269
57473
'A
1835
286416
515402
46149
561551
388765
-5 C
Z
1835
65082
53583
7283
60866
69488
1836
1827
249442
43165
710006
287217
1331G2
28320
843168
315537
553864
252704
1836
1827
26313
989519
35620
1568710
5761
278495
41381
1847205
49129
c-d
1397351
c
t;.2
1828
48161
326254
27050
353304
285011
1
1828
1052961
2009155
322753 2322908
1691043
P9«
1829
61701
275526
22441
297967
243828
H
1829
1149146
1874869
257113 2131982
1581724
1830
66664
321413
34750
356163
258797
1830
1265849
2315766
303797 2619563
1857133
1831
86386
427978
29794
457772
311601
1831
1532583
2858515
271975 3130490
2089327
■2?: 1832
94288
356514
31034
387548
268208
1832
1399443
2988111
320125 3308236
2075725
83ll833
85.547
350486
28363
378849
262690
1
%
1833
1402542
2941018
426436 3367454
2092550
" 11834
88015
262463
22781
285244
189565
1834
1167823
2261575
290606 2.552181
1671069
^=18.35
75434
306876
38692
345568
212105
to
1835
1280361
3056423
426295 3482718
2158158
!?p:
1836
57970
393382
50045
443427
292322
00
<
1836
1163160
3871191
595785
4466976
2732291
Note. — ^The declaration of real value in the entries at the Custom House is required only in the Case of
British or Irish produce or manufactures exported.
«:
'»
l\
in
APPF.NniX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
B. — Exporti of Stoplc Articles from Montreal,* Year* ending 3 January. [Custom House.]
Produce.
IH.TJ.
IH33.
1H34.
183.'i.
183f..
1H37.
1838. .
AhIics, |)()t, Ciinada
barrilfl
IHHH'J
10'.(77
14091
7551
1H901
17120
18324
Ditto do. Uii. St:iti'»
do
2C,<J7
7013
13:t4
111
—
— .
Ditto pearl, Canada
. do
l:iH:jo
44M1
443(;
3Jfi4
47f)r)
8f)5f)
9HHf)
Ditto do. Uu. States do
2y()o
3979
3740
2()H
—
—
Apples
do
12M
40
107
95
3S2
3(;
157
niwcuits
cwts
—
—
.'la:.
20
l.^
—
Konos
pieces
—
—
2000
3
M
100
11
Hluhhcr
casks
—
—
.1
—
—
—
...
Mutter
kegs
—
—
1(13
318
51
193
-_
Cnndies
boxi's
— .
—
100
200
239
42
__
Castorum
lbs.
3yo
•.\:,()
2t;o
1
71
4
2
Skins, braver
No.
GI9H
3H11
412
3259
225
1830
- hears and cubs
do.
201
537
1H4
l.U
123
H(;3
- deer
do.
g ?
r,M
—
—
24
—
2
- fishers .
do.
&I
191
219
179
224
13H
414
- fox
do.
•~^
4H
751
f)3
832
1585
1815
- lynx
do.
2^.
207
1H7
10f>
90
.I.')
139
- martin
do.
43H9
8322
7(tH()
4n!)h
23(;f>
12005
- minx
. do.
1171
20 If)
1237
4447
7 If.
2073
- musk rat
do.
!.?.
4.'-.274
49538
3r.4f)9
41704
—
31715
- otter
- scalt
do.
. do.
at' 9>
wag
9^ S
1I9C.0
1871
894
11(19
3f.9
901
- racoon .
. do.
139
130
15f)
146
1272
217
- wolverccn
do.
—
1
—
1
—
I
- wolves
do.
.If)
—
1
4
2
14
Flour
barrels
.301 (;7
if.ir.4
32218
If, 7 94
20918
2f.l()7
3929
Grain, wheat .
minots
77sr)H5
48HM1.')
547357
245798
55255
49 bush.
795
- pease
do.
23.') ii
K'UIO
lHf>
1104
4170
G7 bush.
10
Hides, raw
No.
—
—
2510
C3f,
—
—
licef
barrels
—
—
1441
f,2
fi93
3H9
471
Pork
do.
—
—
I2f)f)
5
1003
174
973
Oil cake
lbs.
—
—
48000
63984
41014
57
58 1
Oars, ash
No.
711
3r.
1899
21f.2
2422
2178
378
Staves, W. I.
do.
120244
Ilfi978
218433
2f,3771
248997
237141
238481
- standard
do.
134.'>57
149724
98f)7 1
98117
lf)40f.5
171424
98(;;w
- barrel
do.
—
—
15(;44
387f>
14275
—
13730
- foreign
do.
—
—
7197
—
—
—
—
- ash
do.
16447
3000
—
—
—
—
—
Timber
tons
—
.'iO
123
19
139
52
17
- birch
. do.
—
8
7
13
4
67
6
- basswood
do.
2
—
3
3
—
—
G
- elm
do.
—
73C
203
34 f.
858
576
525
- oak
do.
28.'.
931
719
300
792
569
505
- pine
do.
.-iSS
1320
1092
787
1G28
2103
3G8
- butter nut
do.
4C3
3.5
—
4
5
1
3
Boards
pieces
—
20815
28171
13088
29f)5
—
44232
Deals
do.
40292
7593
f)4788
3750f)
19277
49993
2156
Deal ends
do.
f)292
3500
5853
2520
30f)
1337
—
Planks
do.
233
1091
782
f,82
412f>
—
—
Handspikes .
do.
—
2754
C020
]Gr>2
70,34
5737
5390
Soap
boxes
—
—
110
95
—
—
—
Tobacco leaf
lbs.
50000
23954
14000
—
9 hds.
2hd.2k.
+
+
Wax
. do.
fiOOO
21C0
—
3
1
1
Ditto .
casks
—
—
^—
7
3
3
1
* Montreal first became a port of entry in 1831.
2 casks I keg, 1 cask 3 kegs.
t 5 puncheons and 2 hogsheads.
ditti
C-
Prodiii
A»li('», pot
- pesrl
Appli'i ,
Itc.f
- Imlf
- round & to
Hiiitcr
Hi»ciiit
Flour
Fiili, alewlvea
- cod
- herrings and
- ditto
- shiul
- xnltnon
- ditto
- ditto
- ditto
- snii)fci>d
fli'iiii, wheat
- liidiun meni
- ont or rye dit
- Iliix-seed
- oats
- ditto
- pt'nse
- Imrlpy, he. .
Haina & aausages
ditto .
Lnrd
I'ork
Ititto
Tirnlicr, ash
- Iiiicli,maj)le&c
- dm
- oak
- pine
- I'load planks
- Iintti'ns . I
- billets
- deals
- deal ends
- masts & bowsj).
- s|)ars
- kik'cs
- oars
- h00|)5
- treenails
- shingles
- lathwood
«l»vos, side and he;
'"S • pie(
- I'M"' & punch
- barrel
Deal ends
- packs ,
Handspikes
'J'obacco.leaf
I'urs, beaver
- bear 8c cub
- fox ,
- fisher
- lynx
- niinx
- martin
CO
(
pnc
n
. II
ski
d
d
d
d(
d(
dc
APPENDIX 111.- NORTH AMKRICA.
49
i;t'»
rj()nr>
3171'.
yoi
217
4
11
39:i'.»
7'J.''
10
471
973
581
37H
2384H1
9HCi3H
13730
17
(')
G
r)0:>
3f)H
3
44-232
215()
r)3'j0
sheads.
C. — Exports
of Canid
|N2'J.
tti) Prodi
ICC froM\
1831.
Quebec,
Vcari erdiiig 5th Jonuary. [Custuni llouac.J
Produce.
1830.
iH.la.
1H33.
1834.
IN35.
1830.
1837.
1838.
Asht't, pot . III*.
TJ UV,
23493
33070
301.13
10025
7579
82 04
4117
5447
4200
- pciirl . do.
10414
954H
12215
19702
5352
5175
2881
1331
2406
1305
Ajiplcn . do.
10.1.1
r,35
1001
852
112
388
276
471
201
481
Biif . . do.
4MI
B94 1
4ri»
42.11
4577
3909
3345
2596
1 655
3189
- half . do.
1721
2514
20*50
1359
1021
484
—
972
342
558
- riiiind & tong. Ilm.
.54722
08075
42.139
24520
15810
1H887
9&160
11545
6600
6400
Iliittir . do.
83041
142C,HJ
151409
35')20
16382
20930
— .
—
436H2
60291
HiH-iiit . cwts.
20.'.4
|f.30
WV2
7210
4237
2380
2641
2232
774
1 035
FlDiir . bl.i.
3r,:,or,
25524
71 "-19
81204
34709
69091
66057
09339
83921
29383
Fish, nlewivcs do.
—
—
-
020
506
057
—
—
—
—
- cod . cwt»,
121H2
11453
W >22
14024
5700
5617
6006
71.15
3084
6911
- h( rrings and mack-
iiol . bis.
2020
13ns
1018
718
1218
575
985
783
586
692
- ditto ditto hxn.
47
35
107
—
300
175
497
48
—
_-
- shnd . bis.
—
—
—
—
—
118
—
—
—
—
- hnliDon . tea.
170
479
352
201
278
101
72
120
51
178
- ditto . bis.
141
179
244
301
158
59
203
275
141
250
- ditto . i his.
1.13
79
19
10
73
23
— 1
41
124
8H
- ditto . kits.
r,(\
5
75
—
47
—
310
21
—
—
- smoked . bxs.
—
30
—
—
—
—
— 1
"^
—
—
Grain, wheat mill.
120112
40402
590101
1329209
174705
100301
166771
2122
1958
50
- Indian mcnl bhs.
3422
30N8
1942
498
5'J4
470
887
61
74
30
- nnt or rye ditto do.
7.1
155
—
115
—
429
60
48
16
4
- Ilnx-seed min.
14.11
4183
895
70
—
1345
1107
3314
4053
490
- oats . do.
20047
8542
35516
35240
70
0185
1037
:^732
8405
1124
- ditto . bgs.
—
—
—
—
—
Ih22
—
—
—
—
- pinse . min.
21188
12791
17750
7074
608
1748
3439
1426
1740
1165
- harloy, &c. . do.
—
—
—
inoi
—
—
9»5
950
1290
"26
Hams & siiusnges kps.
1348
3813
3629
—
—
43
__ 1
—
—
—
ditto . lbs.
—
—
—
—
—
10884
—
—
—
_
lard . do.
'2VJ11
37755
3H425
0104
8370
13020
16108
—
19369
18800
Turk . bis.
1220.1
10941
11297
9115
775:i
1011 s 9808
0051
6256
05 1
Ditto . 4 do.
13!)2
1301
1174
■79
791
3;»y
208
243
300
173
Tiinhcr, ash . tons
2019
4339
2421
201.'
147?
1394
4304
3180
3179
2866
- i)irch, maple &c. do.
1074
1788
1250
1153
372
480
—
1427
1519
1107
- dm . do.
71S8
8055
8277
lOOOO
16218
11528
12730
15190
18103
23491
- oak . do.
24720
20070
13213
18072
20084
201^5
221
—
—
- pine . do.
1107'.)r.
107158
1557'7
180597
178659
188778
23793 J
301709
313810
277878
- iiroad planks do.
—
—
—
—
—
4804
9738
—
—
—
- Imttens . pice.
20815
03021
59139
29738
3O305
89478
91673
29801
41217
27832
- billets . do.
—
—
—
—
—
174
—
—
—
—
- deals . do.
105f.75O
1717233
1044522
1715.140
1805410
20«3302
2440443
2111731
2579147
2030890
- deal ends . do.
3979)
43558
50291
89834
108152
09805
131395
103155
lilOtl
105555
- masts & bowsp. no.
r.3r,
988
255
885
ion
770
1521
513
417
089
- spars . do.
2179
2770
2105
1710
2120
3104
3304
2033
2412
2206
- kiR'cs . do
—
—
—
—
230
9;i
—
—
- oars . do.
2r,170
27477
i:s37
14s79
25200
17973
24404
13007
13.M36
20,345
- hoojis . do.
105700
99550
140300
189000
20379
77990
92000
.'20000
29200
59100
- treenails . do.
1100
3150
2000
4872
•20()iH)
23750
—
3011
310OO
19381
- shingles . do.
30500
100805
50040
51200
157790
37100
18000
3 '500
32500
121000
- lathwood . cords
743
1007
1144
1721
2030
19404
1937
2452
2508
2715
Staves, side and bend-
ing . pieces
—
—
—
—
752500
190803!
1830273
1947740
1 143582
- pipe & punch do.
5234247
7901984
0328349
5.144461
4734992
2939049
3381574
3913328
3512804
3S41328
- barrel . do.
—
—
—
—
— .
848819' 604910
341034
8 73 9.' 4
812270
Deal ends . do.
39794
43588
32177
29459
12510
475-j! 131395
1031.15
11 1011
105555
- packs . packs
11428
7701
8398
10279
9089
0420 2070
—
—
—
Handspikes . no.
1 5858
22157
22180
15076
4344
13028 184M
20584
?5525
15378
'i'ohacco-leaf . lbs.
37014
130550
19051
35007
—
5890 57s17
.1432
15 ;uls.
—
Vnti, beaver . skins
lodc.o
8858
10650
C8592
0428
.1490 5is77
5891
80^9
5020
- bear & cub do.
543
377
533
301
180
264
1979
134
254
2.'. 7
- fox . do.
0740
1772
1009
408
1510
CHA
228
—
1894
- fisher . do.
4i9
202
2800
214
52
47
57
60
17..
109
- lynx . do.
f.50
384
430
393
491
385
305
U2
70
238
- minx . do.
2891
3100
100
1012
583
530
634
447
850
761
- martin . do.
24470
13542
13102
10739
3010
4j36
3814
4011
11G83
11807
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
O.— Bi
Exports of Canadian Produce from Quebec, Years ending 5th January — continued.
Br'
■ i
i '
'J
Produce.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837. j
1838.
Furs, muskrat .
skins
48318
437 Ifi
34403
43377
13991
16848
42051
15182
271881
ior,7,-,
- otter
do.
13,'-)4
1223
1538
1670
896
729
—
899
1297
731
- racoons
do.
197
110
141
89
90
4
41
19
72
xi
- wolverine .
do.
."i
4
18
26
16
16
3
25
30
•21
- cnstrotuin .
lbs.
—
—
—
—
215
169
169
227
276
1>*1
- seal skins .
packs
—
—
—
—
46755
30
—
—
2500
(3w
- butt'alo
skin.
—
—
38
24
31
—
88
97
12
- deer
do.
If.
132(>
1228
645
171
—
1
—
1
- rats and cats
do.
20
97
—
376
—
—
—
58
—
- fishers' tails
. do.
—
280
lf>0
151
—
—
57
60
175
ii;;)
- martins' do.
. do.
300
1994
440
2140
—
—
3814
4011
11683
11 so;
- minx do.
do.
—
320
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— _
- racoon do.
. do.
—
29
—
—
—
—
41
19
72
Kl
- hare do.
do.
33
228
113
417
903
D. — Quantities of corn, grain, meal and flour imported
into the I'nitcd Kingdom from the British North
Americaii colonies from 1815 to 1833 : —
Yrs. Qrs.
Yrs.
Qrs.
Yrs.
Qrs.
Yrs.
Qrs.
1815
25!
1
1820| 40897 j 1825
95059
1830
79634
1816
3
1821 40916 1826
30500
1831
200000
1817
25877
1822 23439 1827
61035
1832
190000
1818' 56618
1823 209itl828
21600
1833
100204
1819
14257
1824
891
11829
7335
1834
E. — Th« annexed statement exhibits the total value of the
exports of the Uuited .States in lier trade with the British
West Indies and American colonies separately, and the
tonnage enii;aged in that trade departing from the United
States, from 1821 to 1833, inclusive : —
British West Indies.
Year.
British American
Colonies.
Tonnage.
Tonnage.
Year.
,
•Ss
a
_o
□
•Sw
"%
£
bo
OJ
ta
i
u
i
a;
•3?
>ai
Q
b.
n
b
>id
1821
26,'il02
22083
. ,
1821
112223
3169
2009791
1822
452141
28/20
101
1822
90917
II816
1897559
1823
lfi27Mfi-
6S3,'iO
8654
1*23
52776
12023
IH2I469
1821
177H1II8
1)1637
7S67
1824
53951
9130
7757211
1825
I()4701{)
93967
6120
1825
61520
10139
2539964
182(i
2110802
99732
8120
1826
76191
10103
2588549
1827
6<)0,'>75
2679U
7775
1827
60378
11145
2830674
1828
ass,').')
7974
. ,
1828
63801
I'.'iS
2674674
1829
6.'i21
S418
1829
93645
4409
2765909
1830
1<)IM
2395
1830
117171
14267
37S6373
183)
1441253
40922
17903
1831
79364
94776
40(ilH38
1832
l()8<)27(i
66769
19357
1332
6,')056 108671
36l488.'S
1833
I8I01UI
615^6
2177f'
1833
212328
247923
4428 18S
V. — Prices of Baltic timber, &c. from 1801 to 1829,
1301
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
*.
15
5
5
15
15
6
1808 11 11
1809 16 10
1810:13 5
1811J13 10
1812 10 5
1813 13
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1 825
1826
1827
1828
1829
9 15
8 15
6
d
6
6
6
■s .0
a,
— . CO
C
E'S
£ s.
10
1 9
8
17
8 1
3 8
2 17
2 15
£ s.
5 4
3 14
4 4
3 14
3 14
5 19
4 19
9 10
15 1
10 7
10 12
7 7
9 11
6 6
5 6
2 11
2 11
3 1
2 19
2 12
2 9
2 8
2
2
2 15
2 5
2
2 6
2 5
"i; T3 22 i — o
o V (11 * \2 ?
o
IH!
158770
252672
1,280550
3 275429
3 248717
3 144054
3 2136361
3\ 26764'
4' 54620'
8 135626 125313
8 124765 l.MliHi
27176 171790
3099
5113
12133
14833
1301H
IfilliO
2fi,i(;i
60407
90829
126289 .')O790
191503 122212
7988ri i.-,37o;
86715 iC2r,ll
ll'il4I885;248i;09
6 119237 32292U
65841 307M13
99202 317.3113
137248 34.".;-ll
161472 3H37-)'
195900 4 1,')303
286871 4(;702,'i
156078 4.'..3siiO
173382 34320:1
144522 37201.1
150974, 3(;,3."i31
The Duty on Colonial timber, was, in 1801-2, free;
1803 to 1805 inclusive, 1*. C(/. ; 1804 to 1820ilo.,
free; 1821 to 1829, 10*.
Bank of
City Ban
Vancjiic I
Comm(
Conimcrc
(a privi
St. Hyac
Cnmmc
Quebec B
Bank uf I
12 Bram
Fiirnicrs' :
People's 11
Agricultui
Green ^
Comniercii
Braiichc
Gore Hank
Halifax Ba
partiiersi
Hank of N(
Province Pi
Bank of Ne
Commercial
nilchi.
City Bank d
Central Ban
Cliarlotte C(
St. Stephen'
Prim
Treasury Nc
Newfoundla
* Tlie cxte
currency, wh
8011,000^, the
whatever.
Carter's Spent
t No staten
cstalilishnient
H. Dutii
1st. Under a
^11(1. Ditto
3ra. Under c
1st. Acts pri(
-'nd. Subseqt
•"iid. Under a
■Itli. Under ci
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
»1
O.— Banking Institutions* In the North American Colonlen. (From a nucclnct and excellent statement on banking in
North American Colonies, by K. F. Young, Esq. of Nova Scotia.)
1837. I 1838.
271H8
loc,-:>
1297
734
72
84
30
21
276
184
2500
(•)8'2
97
I
12
175
lf,!l
11683
11S07
72
81
417
9t');i
n 1801 to 182i),
iC "
^- f^ r^ , "*■ .-. o
- c
158770
252672
280550
2754291
248717
1440541
2
301)9
5143
12133
1483.1
isniH
lf)120
136361 2f>5ril
26764; f,04(;7
4620' 90829
135626 125313
24765 1542^2
27176 171790
126289 50790
194503 122212
79885 i:.3707
H6715 lC2f.ll
i4iH8:i 24sriri'.i
119237 :<2292U
65841 307H13
99202 :U7r)i'.3
137248 34.">74l
,161472 3X3741
I95900 4l.')3i'3
286871 4li7d2:i
156078 4.15800
61173382 343203
6| 144522 372Cil3
150974|;!(')3531
?as, in 1801-2, fr«;
1804 to lS20ilo,
Where situate.
Lower Ciiniidu.
Bank of Montreal— Uranch at Quebec
City Bank, ditto, 2 Agencies
Banque du People, is a Societi; en
C'oinmendite.
Commercial Dank, ditto. Mills & Co
(a private partiicrsliip.)
St. Hyacyntlie Bank, a Society en
Commendite.
Uuebec Bank
1HI8
Upper Canada,
Bank of Upper Canada, Toronto, and
12 Branches and Agencies.
I'lirmers' Bank, ditto, 4 ditto .. ..
People's Bank, ditto
Agricultural Bank, ditto, Truscott
Green fc Co.
Commercial Bank, Kingston, I6
Branches and Agencies.
Gore Bank, Hamilton
Nova Srotia.
Halifax Banking Company (a private
partnership.)
Bank of Nova Scotia (Charter) . .
Province Paper
AV«' Brinmwirk.
Bank of New Brunswick, St. John's
Commercial ditto -Branch at Mira-
niichi.
City Bank ditto (Charter)
Central Bank, Fredcrickton . . . .
Charlotte County Bank
St. Stephen's Bank
Priiire Edward Islatid.^
Treasury Notes
Newfoundland.!
1837
t
1821
1819
J*-. £. le.
2.^00(10 19 KID!) 26(i997
200000J 850UU 29894
a
75000
59381
44551
18:i2
1835
1825
1832
I82U
1834
lS3fi
1834
1825
1836
200000 226654 157620
186450 175123
61005 27912
62500 30944
.. j 57000
50000' 50809
95188 61641
50000 t
15000; 37986
15000] 1 .
15000| J '
14 00
a**
1/1
d a
5i3
Last
Amount
Dividend
and
Bonus.
19766 6209.';o' 14 percent
20 lb5 278308 7 ditto
12844
63796
33367
62U
40276
X
42657
28650
117667
41.3976
3, u'o £-0'° :
Date of
Statement.
I
27249 2779 16 May, 1836.
5220 1514; 15 du. dO,
46935 .131709
20832 68504
36834
28908
20584
13911 16845
68379
89004
148980
37705
None since
1833.
Average 10
per cent.
10 per cent.
None . .
6 per cent.
9 ditto .
10 ditto .
9 ditto .
12285
18000 G Not. 1835.
110731 563,55 16 do. 1836.
1912
1U53
1003
11582
' do. do.
1324 -8 do. do.
41fi
555 Nil. . .
835 . .
139
30 Jan. 1836.
2 May, do.
8 Oct. do.
4 Jan. do.
* Tlie extent of the banking capital at present paid up in the North American Colonies is rather more than I,500,fl00/.
currency, which sustain an average circulation of about 1,200,000/. ; the banks hold average deposits to the amount of
800,000/., tlie whole amount of whicli, excepting some 10,000/. ji 20,000/., is held by them without payment of any interest
whatever. Tlie average amount of loans and discounts made by the banks to their customers is about 2,700,000/.— J/r.
Carter's Speech, published in the London Kciinomist, 1st of Jul;/, IK37.
t No statements published. t Received at the Provisional Treasury in payment of duties. § No banking
establishment. | No banks and no paper.
H. Duties received at the Ports of Quebec and Montreal durina; the Years ending 5th January, 1833,
1834, 1835, 1836, and 1837.
c. 12
£.
£.
£.
£.
1833.
1834.
1835.
1836.
1837.
1838.
Quebec :
1st. Under authority of Acts passed prior to 18 Geo. III.
2ii(l. Ditto subsequent to ditto
3rd. Under colonial authority
£.
34203
4310
67605
£.
30420
3906
63877
£.
22202
2958
58119
£.
23319
2.S45
41861
£.
14001
3055
39025
£.
Total Quebec
106118
98203
83281
68026
56082
Montreal :
1st. Acts prior to 18 Geo. III., c. 12 .
2nd. Subsequent to ditto
3rd. Under authority 14 Geo. III., c. 88
4th. Under colonial authority
833
2.547
7043
42257
956
4443
14734
61548
479
2166
10123
32434
521
3314
16958
53692
421
3253
8576
55654
Total Montreal
52680
81681
45204
74486
67905
Total Quebec
106118
98203
83281
68026
56082
Grand Total
158798
179884
128485
142512
123988
4 A
m i
Ti
52 APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
I. Comparative Statement of the Duties on Foreign Merchandize consumed in the Northern Colonies
of Great Britain and in the United States.
Colonial Duties.
Duties in the United States,
27^ to 125 percent.
120 and 30 per cent.
1 25 per cent.
!20 per cent.
J25 per cent.
i20 to 70 per cent.
j25 per cent.
Woollens, Brit.2i perc.|45 to 108 per cent.
Cottons, do. 2^
Silks, do. 24
Linens, do. 24
Enrtiicuw. do. 24
China, do. 24
Glassware, do. 24
Hardware, do. 24
Rolled iron of various 125 to 180 per cent,
kinds, 24 per cent.
When the above articles
are imported from fo-
reign countries, 20 to
.30 per cent.
Iron, in bars, per ton, '22, 40, and dollars for
foreign, about 3 dols. rolled
50 cts. British ij.
Hemp, per ton, 74 per
cent., about 7 50 ; if
from a warehouse in
Great Britain, free,
Flax, per ton, 74 per cent. 45, and 60 dollars in 1833
Colonial Duties.
[Duties in the United States.
55, and CO dollars in 1831.
ISalt, free i20 cts. per bushel of 56 lbs.
Sugar, 111 cts. for 112 3 cents per pound.
I lbs., 1 ct.
^Brandy, gadon, 22 ct. .. |53 to 85 cents.
Gin, ditto, 22 .. .57 to 00 cents.
,Rum, ditto, 21 . . !53 to 85 cents.
,CotTee, 1 1 1 cts. for 1 12 5 cents per pound.
j lbs. 1 ct. I _
jPepper and spices gene-'Specific duties amountin;^
I rally free, if imported! to from 50 to 150 per
I from a warehouse ini cent.
i Great Britain. I
AVinc, in casks, from l4 10 to 50 cents per gallon.
I to 5 or 6 cts. per gallon,!
: being 74 per ct. ad vnl.'
Ditto, in bottles, about 30 to 50 cents per gallon.
13 cts. per gallon.
Teas, Bohea, lb. 3} cts. 14 cents.
Hyson, do. 10 cts. 40 cents.
j All other kinds, 6^25, 28, and 50 cents.
A long list of free articles.
K.— Trade of British Northern Colonies, viz. Hudson Bay, Newfoundland, Coast of Labrador, Canada, Cape Breton,
Prince Fdward's Island, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, from I697 to 1822.*
s
C/3
If
i
° s
0.°
R2
w
^
Vi
Is
o-S
as
i
ports
ora
10
Is
i
CO
is
0-9
>-
1
>
1
^
1
s
E*
!t
dH
£
;*'
.*'
£
£ 1
jf
WI611;
11379
229.50
V 1729
67499
17403
W1760
36236
179046
p 1791
214303 '
894617
^^
p Hiys
1 2!);)0
liH473
V 1730
41596
24040
W1761
51867
350786;
p 1792
255798
1119991
1697
1712
p I()«9
2ii)a7
18604
p 1731
45353
21863
W1762
69875
214085
WI793
210345
904522!
'■3
11379
17956
22950
V 1700
11)201
26075
t 1732
68846
31043
p 1763
74386
226124;
W1794
241026
971271
01
lOlJIJ
p i;(M
I97«i
1U814
p 1733
40848
33674
p 1764
85009
354205:
WI795
314761
9997«1
1721
1762
1783
1801
23054
104M
Wl/02
i;niu2
7397
p 1734
41095
22862
p 17C5
94074
3445451
WI796
203841
81467I
»
49167
47761
3fiG41
16SI83
wi7(w
r>9975
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p 1735
39580
27767
p 1766
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4574571
WI797
213054
845325
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9612
p 1736
41933
30289
p 1767
103435
280943
WI798
220109
1054012
m
139377
2690,-.3
WiuOJl
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.lous
10617
p 1737
54565
42165
V 1768
95306
184031;
WI799
170076 1091996
3
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wi/on
lt-881
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p 1738
45487
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p 1769
105300
263854
WI8OO
392690
975872
1815
531923
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W170;
9011
10.'. 33
WI739
60412
35730
p 1770
lo.->7«9
373541'
WlSOl
4 5.*) 57 5
1017458
a- J
W17118
12179
15927
WI74O
65457
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p 1771
100376
3191731
p 1802
367935
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WI7II!)
l37:tfi
11158
WI74I
58175
24454
p 1772
130340
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wl71()
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438283
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I8617
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WI712
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12218
WI744
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w 1 775
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p 171:)
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829816
WI8O7
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1061 127
il
1738
42613
23,514
p 1714
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WI746
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p I7i.'s
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a
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14 19019
,
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8603
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ip I8I6
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p 1722
32,-.,') 3
14224
p 1751
41871
70166
P 1785
208532
691288
P I8I7
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1395570
*rTh«
■ fifrnrps
in this
p 172:1
296S3
12919
p 1755
45590
64H47
p 1786
201632
790544
P 1818
690432
1795261
table a
re (Iciiv
til (1(1111
V 1724
2631.')
14121
wl7.')6
29693
76539
p 1787
213231
913258
P 1819
751003
2001033
'■■ a char
t prcpa
red by
p 1725
30.')i)6
24938
WI757
41696
98 170
p 1788
249500
89539,1
P 1820
841271
I676IHI
\ Cai.sar
Morcau
in lH2:i,
P I72fi
28699
15732
W1758
46254
119141
P 1789
237444
874355
V 1821
844278
1395593
and grr
undid
n public
p 1727
4860.5
12742
wl/SO
58725
139389
p 1790
202314
840673
P 1822
78O97O
1534858
I documt
;uts.]
p 172b
61178
16773
i
L. — Cleroy, North America. — Estimate of the
Charge of defraying the Expenses of the Ecclesia.stical
Establishment of the British North American Pro-
vinces, from the 1st day of April, 1838, to the 31st
day of March, 1839. — Lowev Cnnadu : Bishop of
Montreal, 1,000/ ; archdeacon of Quebec, 500/. ;
rector of Quebec, 400/. ; to ditto for house-rent, 90/. ;
minister of Trinity Chapel, Quebec, 200/.; rector of
Montreal, 300/.; ditto of Three Rivers, 2(i()/. ; ditto
of William Henry, 150/.; ditto of Durham, 100/.;
ditto of Caldwell Manor, 100/. ; ditto of St. Arniand,
100/.; evening lecturer at Quebec, 150/.; verger ol
Quebec, 30/. ; rent of Protestant burial-ground,
20/. 18*. 6(/. ; Presbyterian minister, Quebec, SO/.;
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
53
olonies
icd States.
of 56 lbs.
1.
d.
amountiiii;
:o 150 per
ler gallon.
)er gallon.
cents.
Cnpe Breton,
3
ftP
ft-"
e*
X
u
1 11379
22950
17956
101;)!)
aao.'i'i
10W9
4911)7
3fif)41
i 477fii
16S183
1:1937;
' M)ii041
afiyn:.:
(j(i3»7!)
; 5319'J'
i6h7!ii)G
I86171 18401
181'Jlli 9'-!7'i
4'jGKli 2;i5l4
48751)1 Ti^lii
104849 33SJH7
221413 S()l4Si>
367935' KISOHDti
7l():)7--! 1715»
fi);iircs in this
irc (IfiiviMl iVciHi
rt pri'parf'l ^1
Monau in 1S2;1,
Dundt it oil public
euts.]
[OOl.; rector of
s, 2(i0i.; 'littu
uiiiam, 100/.;
3f St. ArmamI,
50/.; viTgerol'
burial pround,
Quebec, 5U/.;
ditto, Montreal, 50J. ; ditto, Argonteuil, 100/. ; Roman
Catholic bishop, Quebec, l.OOOi. N(wa Scotia: Bishop,
2,000/. ; archdeacon, ,300/. ; Presbyterian mini.ster,
7.')/. ; pension of the president of King's College,
400/.; archdeacon of New Brunswick, .300/.; ditto
of Bermuda, 200/. ; ditto of Newfoundland, 300/. ;
Roman Catholic bishop, Newfoundland, 75/. ; to fo-
reisn missionaries of the Society for the Propagation
ot the Gospel in Nova Scotia, .3,500/. ; minister at
Prince Edward's Island, 100/. Total, 11,790/. 18*. 6(/.
This estimate is smaller by 2,350/. than that re-
quired for the service of the year 1837-8 ; the dimi-
nution is caused, first, by the substitution of a vote
of 1,000/. for the bishop of Montreal for the 3,000/.
voted in former years for the bishop of Quebec ; and,
secondly, by the resignation without pensions of two
missionaries of the Society for the Propagation of the
Gospel, each of whom received 150/. per annum, and
by the retirement of Dr Porter, whose salary from
that society was 150/. ;'"r u..num, on a pension of
100/. per annum.
M. — Table of Coins,* Weights, Values, &c., [by Mr. Carter, Mr. Young, and Mr. Brooking.]
COINS.
Oold.
Ilritish Riiiiiea
" Sovereign
Amoicun Eaurie, coined
before the Ist of July,
1834
" " .Since
Portuguese Johannes ....
" Moidore
Spanish Milled noubloon
French Louis d'or, coined
before 1793
" Pistole do...
" 40 franc piece,
coined since 1792 ..
" 20 franc piece do..
Siher.
Brifi.sh Crown (Half-crown
in proportion)
" Shilling (Sixpence in
proportion)
French Crown
" Half-crown
American Doilar
Spanish Milled Dollar ....
South American Dollar . .
Mexican.Dollar, coined in
1S3I, 183i, or 1833
Pistareen
French franc piece
United States.
Weight.
dts.
5
6
gr«
9i
3i
6
18
18
4
4
3
Halx.
cy.
Lower Canada.
Weight.
■£.a. d. dts. grs.
1 S 6 s 6
1 4 4
2 10
2 10
4 5 3
1 11 II
3 16 fi
I 4 6
ig 4
1 18 4
19 2
OSS
OSS
.1
5
5
0'
"fl
4
7
11 6
18
6 13
17
S 4
4 4
e s
4 3
Halx.
cy.
,#. s. d.
I 3 4
1 3 2
2 10
2 lU
4
I 10
3 14 6
I a 8
18 3
1 16 2
18 I
5 6
1
1
5
6
2
9
5
5
5
0"
10
4
8
Upper Canada.
Weight.
d(a. grs.
6 yt,
i 3^1
n 6
10 18
Halx.
cy.
^. '■ d.
2 6
1 4 4
2 13 4
a 10
060
I 3
Nova
Scotia,
Halx.
cy.
£.s.d.
1 5
2 10
4
6 3
1 3
5 5
5 5
5
New Brunswick
Weight.
dts. grs
17 8
Halx.
cy.
.*". i?. rf.
1 3 4
1 2 2
2 10
3 15 a
5 6
Prince Ed-
ward's Island.
Island
cy.
jH. s. d.
1 10
3 2 6
Halx.
cy.
7 6
1 6
.*•. s. rf.
1 2 3
2 10
6 3
6 3
S 6
1 1
6
I) 6
6 3 5
* For a further statement of the coins circulated in Lower Canada, their weights and value by law, pee " Observa-
tions on a Metallic Currency," pulili^hed at .Montreal in 1837, p. 5 to 7. Mr. Chapman in liis pamphlet on the Money and
Exchange of Lower Canada, p. 89, after giving a statement of the coins in circulation, and their values, says, " Calling
the whole currency 1,000, no less than ()7I parts are of the sound thereof, the rest being Ciimposcd of coins more or less
depreciated." See tables of gold and silver coins circulated in Lower Canada, it) pasres 10 and 1 1 of Observations upon
the Metallic Currency of that Province. These tables are full and elaborate. 1 refer also to I'ortci's Tables for the infor-
mation contained in the lilue Uoolts.
United States.— The gold coins of the following
countries are legal tender by weight, viz.. Great
Britain, Portugal, and Brazil, at 94 8-lOth dol. per
dwt. ; Fiance at 'J3 l-lOth, and Spain at 8'J 9-lOths.
For the sake of comparison, the weights given in
the Upper Canada Act are assumed for the British
coins, and the weights in the Lower Canada Act, for
the other gold coins. The American Eagle, coined
before the 1st of July, 1834, although nominally of
the value of ten dollars only, sells at a price equal
to its excess of weight over the new coinage. Silver
dollars, crowns, five franc pieces, and pistareens, are
legal tender by tale.
Luwer Canada. — ^I'he rates given in the table are
for gold coins, weighed by the single piece ; allow-
ance to be made on every piece weighing more or less
than the given standard, at 2^./- currency per grain,
if British, Portuguese, or American, and 2 1.5tb(/. cy.
per grain, if French or Spanish. In payments above
20/. cy., in gold coins, either party may require it to
be weighed in bulk, at 89s. cy., per ounce troy, for
British, Portuguese, or American ; and %ls. S^d. cy.
per ounce, for French and Spanish, deducting half a
grain for each piece so weighed, to compensate the
receiver for the loss in re-weighing separately. The
currency law was passed prior to the coinage of So-
vereigns and new Eagles. The silver coins are rated
by tale. All the higher and lowt denominations of
gold and silver coin rated above u.e to be received in
their respective proportions.
Up]>er Canada. — Gold and silver coins, if depreci-
ated in weight more than one-twenty-fifth part of
their full weight, not to be legal money, with this
proviso, they are receivable by tale. All the higher
and lower denominations of rated gold and silver
coins arc to be received in their respective propor-
tions. The act is to remain in force until the 20th
of April, 1840, and to the end of the then next ensu-
ing session of the Provincial Parliament.
jSova Scotia. — The Currency Law of this province
14
!. ]:
t'Sl
inl
54
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
t\..i'
im
i
having expired on the 3 1st of December, IHSS, 1 have
inserted the rates at which coins are received and
paid at the Colonial Treasury by virtue of the Acts
6 Wm. IV. cap. .32 and 41, and which are geiiernlly
adopted in mercantile transactions ; the banks, how-
ever, refuse to receive British silver at the excessive
rates given above. About 57,000^ in notes (princi-
pally of 1/. each) issued by the Province Treasury are
in circulation, and as they are not redeemable in
specie, tiiey are at a discount in the adjoining pro-
vince ; their credit and circulation are supported in
Nova Scotia, by their being receivable in payment of
provincial duties, and by an act of the legislature
which prohibits the issue of any other notes of less
denomination than 5/.
New Irunswick. — British gold and silver coins are
not specifically rated by the currency law of this pro-
vince, and they are inserted in the table at one-ninth
more than their sterling value, being tl-e only rate at
which they are legal tender. A bill vas introduced
into the Provincial Legislature in the Seasinn of 1837,
fixing a rate on the sovereign, but I do not know
whether it has received the royal assent. The dollar
and its aliquot parts, and the French crown, are all
legalized by tale, but not the half-crown.
Prince Edward Island. There is no specific regu-
lation of the currency in the island, the British coins
are consequently inserted at one-ninth more than
their sterling value. The money of account has been
depreciated by the issue of irredeemable treasury
notes, which are in circulation to the extent of
14,500/., and pass at the rate of 30s. to 20*. in British
coin. These notes have been sold by auction in
Halifax at l\s. Halifax currency per pound.
Newfoundland. — I am indebted to Thomas H.
Brooking, Esquire, of London, for the following infor-
mation upon the currency of this island. From his
mercantile intelligence, his local knowledge, and long
familiarity with the domestic trade and foreign rela-
tions of that island, I am glad to refer to his valuable
authority for the following facts : —
" The currency of this island is composed chiefly,
almost entirely, of Spanish dollars, which circulate at
the rate of 5s. each ; their sterling value being fixed
under a treasury order at 4s. -Id. each. (To shew the
unsoundness of this standard, the fictitious sterling
value which the dollar has received, the following
additional extract from the letter of Com. -gen.
Routh is given : —
" The current value of the Spanish dollar in the
colonies having been rated at the English mint price
of silver, and that price being 2d. per ounce more
than the market price, has been obviously over valued
at 4 percent, — what is really worth 4s. 2d. in England
payed 4s. 4d., in the colonies, equally as well as 4*.
4d. British money, which conventionally passes for,
and in point of fact can only be had in England in ex-
change for a value equivalent to 4s. 4d.")
The difference between the two is 1 5/. Is. Sd. per
cent., and this is considered to be the par of exchange,
To reduce the currency to sterling, two-fifteenths arc
deducted ; to advance sterling to currency, two-thir-
teenths are added. Doubloons have been recently in-
troduced to some extent, and although not generally
received, their value may be stated at 76^. firf. cur-
rency, or GGs. sterling. Bills of exchange are bought
at a premium, which, supposing it to be quoted at 20
per cent., would require 480 dollars to pay for a bill
of lOOZ. sterling, and 1 refer to this as the most simple
method of computing the rate of exchange in New-
foundland. With reference to the money of account,
it may be said generally, that all transactions and
contracts between merchants, dealers, planters, trndes-
men, fishermen, servants, &c., are kept in currency
say four Spanish dollars for one po\ind. Small coins
are extremely scarce, and change in consequr-nce ditii-
cult to be met with in sufficient quantity to meet the
demand and carry on the ordinary b\isinpss of life.
Fractional parts of dollars, in jiroportion to the value
of the whole dollar, and British silver, circulate gene-
rally ; the latter at the following rates : — the sixpenny
piece at Id., the shilling at Is. 2d., sometimes Is. ;)f/.,
and the half-crown at 2s. 'Jd. or 3s., according to the
demand. They have no fixed rate, so far as I know.
There is thus great irregularity in the currency of the
island, and the mode of transacting ordmary business
is fraught with serious and inconvenient anomalies.
The introduction of a sound standard, and uniformity
in its monetary affairs, would be productive of many
benefits in this valuable dependency of the Crown."
N. — Grants and Sales to Individuals exceeding ."i.ooo
acres, with names of township and grantee, number
of acres, and date of the patent.
Tract of land to the south of Chaleur Bay and
mouth of the River Caraquet in Nova Scotia ; John
Martieth; 20,000 acres ; 10th February, 1764. Tract
of land adjoining the River des Loups ; Richard Mur-
ray and Malcolm Eraser; 6,000 acres; 7th May, IVdd.
Potton, Lauchlan M'Lean, 6,000 acres, 31st October,
1797. Eaton, Isaac Ogden, 6,000 acres, 1st March,
1804. Westbury, Henry Caldwell, 12,000 acres, 13tii
March, 1804. Sherrington, Francois Baby, 7,riO(}
acres, 22nd February, 18(19. Ditto; Jacob Mountain,
Lord Bishop of Quebec ; 7,800 acres ; 22nd February,
1809. Stanstead, Barnston, and Compton ; Sir [{\).
bert Shore Milnes, Lieut. -governor ; 48,062 acres ;
12th March, 1810. Godmanchester ; Robert Ellice,
in trust for himself and the heirs of the late Alexander
Ellice; 25,592 acres; 1 0th May, 1811. Leeds, George
Hamilton, Esq., 7,900 acres, 7th December, 1812.
Durham ; Eleanor Bernie, widow of the late Arthur
Davidson, Esq.; 11,600 acres; 3rd April, 181.),
Ditto, Hon. J. Richardson, Esq., 29,800 acres, 7th
December, 1815. Stukely, Hon. Thomas Dunn,
11,600 acres, 17th May, 1816. Ely, Isaac \V. Clarke,
Esq., 11,000 acres, 18th May, 1816. Potton and
Sutton, William Osgood, Esq., 12,000 acres, 16th
May, 1817. Ascot, Hon. W. B. Felton, 5,200 acres,
31st May, 1824. Brandon, Edward Antrobus, 9,700
acres, 8th January, 1827. Granby, ShefFord, Stukely,
Hatley, Compton, Barnston, Stanstead and Shipton;
Fran(;ois Languedoc, 9,000 acres, 30th June, 18'J7,
Jersey, Edward Bowen, Esq., 5,200 acres, 21st July,
1829. Ascot, Bronii)ton, Hatley, and Orl'ord, Hon.
W. B. Felton, Esq., 5,013 acres, 20th November, 1830.
For many years subsequent to 1796 a practice ob-
tained of granting large blocks of the waste lands of
the Crown to a leader and associates, as it was
termed. In many of these cases, it is believed that
the names of the associates were only introduced tor
the purpose of augmenting the grant to the leader ;
they having i)reviously arranged with him, for some
trifling consideration, to relinquish their shares after
the issue of the letters patent, by which n'..ns the
leader became possessed of the whole grant.
It is therefore apparent that this return cannot
convey a correct idea of the number of persons who
have acquired grants from the Crown exceeding .^OOO
acres, nor is it possible from the records of this ollice
to give a correct statement of the grants over ^,dW
acres which have been thus obtained.
Drammond*
Stanstead ,
Shcrbrooke
•Shefford
Two Mounta
Ottawa
Heauharnois
St. Maurice
Kamouraska
Missisquoi ,
Berthier
Mogantic .
Beaiice ,
licllcchasse
Bonavcntiire
Vaiidreuil
Nicolet
L'Islct
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
55
ctions and
2rs, trades -
;urrency —
imall coins
^K-ncc diffi-
o meet the
pss of life.
the vnhie
ulate genc-
le sixpenny
nes Is. 3(/.,
din^ to the
as 1 know.
cncy of the
ry business
anomalies.
uniformity
ve of many
; Crown."
It is, I believe, generally known that the leaders of
townships, or parts of townships, in many instances,
(lid take a reconveyance from their associates to the
extent of 1,000 acres, in consideration of the expenses
incurred and borne solely by the leaders, for surveys
and patent fees, upon the issue of warrants of survey
in favour of such leaders and their associates, which
warrants were directed by the Governor to His Ma-
jesty's surveyor-general of the province, to cause the
same to be carried into execution, and contained the
condition that all the expenses should be borne by
the parties applying. The deputy provincial sur-
veyors, who received the instructions from the sur-
veyor-general's office, to carry those surveys into
execution in the field, were also enjoined to transmit
to the said office a faithful and exact report of their
surveys, with plans and field books of their operations.
Previous, however, to the year l"y5 the expenses
of survey of the exterior lines of townships were
borne conjointly by the Government and the leaders
of townships ; several of the leaders, however, did
not conform to this rule. It is proper here to state,
that a township of 10 miles square contains about
44,000 acres of grantable land ; and a township of
nine miles front by twelve miles depth (being the
dimensions of a township fronting on a river) is about
48,000 acres, more or less, according to its locality
(exclusive of the usual reservations for crown and
clergy) ; according to which data the townships and
parts mentioned in the foregoing list will bear a pro-
portion or nearly so.
O.— statement showing the Quantity of Crown Lands sold,
whether to private Individuals or to the Britisli American
Land Company, with the Average Price per acre, in
Counties.
Counties.
Drummond*
Stan stead .
Sherbrooke
Slicffnrd
Two Mountains
Ottawa
Iteauliarnois
St. Maurice
Kamourasica
Missisquoi .
Bertliier
Me^antic
Beauce .
Hellcchasse
Bonnventure
Vaiidreuil .
Nicolet
L'lslet
Total .
1834.
6879
533
8f)0
900
1450
13103
117
100
1400
1652
8023
7929
70
43019
!. d
* 7k
8 10
8 9
4 Hi
2 33
4 n
3 9
10 5 J:
1835.
6393fi
30
650
3950
13284
25908
400
4 7i 15472
2 9i 99i
2 3J 2742
1 n 12517
141782
t. d.
3 5
12 9
6 -
2" 6
5 U
2" "63
a 9i
3 loi
4 -
2 oi
1 5J
1836.
01
s.
11164 4
148 7'
6726 6"
61
200 2
8O27 3
Hi
1220 7
9428 4
2700 2
39613!
Drummond County; Land Company, 1835, 700 acres,
average 5s.; do. 1836, 1,000 acres, average s.s.
Remarks. — These include all sales made within tlie pro-
vince, and tlie above mentioned counties arc only specified
because they hajjiien to be all in which sales of Crown
lands took place within the period named.
P. — Memorandum of the Average Payments into the
Receiver-General's Hands on Account of Quints,
Lods et Vcutes, &c., accruing within the King's
Domain.
Average of ten years, from October, 1817, to Oc-
tober, 1827, 2,575/. : average of five years, from Oc-
tober, 1822, to October, 1827, 1,7G5/. ; average of
eight years, from October, 1827, to October, 1835,
3,372r ; average of five years, from October, 1830, to
October, 1835, 2,921/.
Q, — Heads of Revenue or Annual Income of His
Majesty's Domain in Lower Canada.
King's Posts, 1,200/.; Forges of St. Maurice, 425/,;
Water and Small Rents, 195/.; King's and Custom
House Wharf, 250/. ; Quints, Lods et Ventes, &c.,
average of last eight years, 3,372/. ; total, 5,442/.
Add probable additional amount of Seigneurial Dues
at Quebec, if regularly collected, 2,000/. ; ditto Three
Rivers, 1,000/.; grand total, 8,442/. Land and tim-
ber fund not included.
R. — Sales of Crown Lands and Clergy Reserves, be-
tween 1st September, 1828, and 30th June, 183^,
in which the quantity sold to each Individual or
Company exceeds 5,000 acres.
Purchasers.
Crown.
Clergy.
Total.
British American Land
Company .
726
100056i
100782i
Hon. Matthew Bell .
5000
, ,
5000
Humphries and Webb .
22888
5331
28219
Kca and Kempton .
4300
4200
8500
Licut.-Colonel M'Dougall
1713
5053
67 6C
Tyler Harvey Moore
38101
17384i
55486i
Charles R. Ogden .
3200
11600
14800
Hon. John Richardson .
, .
5600
5600
Randolph Isham Routh
6599
, ,
6599
Thomas Ryan .
10500
1800
12300
Thomas Allen Stayner .
10700
7448
18148
Total .
103727
158472i
262200J
S. — General Statement by Districts of the Conceded
and Ilnconceded Lands within the Scigneuries and
Fiefs in the Province of Lower Canada.
Districts,
Contents
in Arpents.
Quantum
of Arpents
Conceded.
Remaining
Unconceded
Quebec . .
Three Rivers
Montreal .
6181740
1444863
3380537
2204278
505364
2425400
3977462
939499
955137
Total .
11007140
5135042
5872098
The first column of this statement is from correct
data, and the second and third are calculated from
the best general information that could be collected,
as well as from correct data in many seigncuries. It
appears there remains about the aggregate quantity
of 5,872,098 superficial arpents of unconceded land
in the three districts, including the whole of the
island of Anticosti ; but exclusive of that island,
about 4,059,098 superficial arpents unconceded, one
third part of which quantity, at least, may be con-
sidered as unfit for cultivation, and at least seven
eighths of the island of Anticosti is considered un-
arable.
M
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
T.— Statpincnt cxlitbitinur tlio actual Condition of the Waste Landn of the Crown comprised within the Surveyed Districts,
Incliulin); tlic Hescrvatiou!) set apart fur tlie Hupport uf a i'rotestaut Clergjr, as they appear ou the 26th day of
December, 1H35.
nistrift,
County, and Township.
Montreal :
Ottawa .
Litchfield .
Clarendon ,
llrlstol .
Onslow .
Kardlcy .
Hull .
Wakefield
Tcmpleton ■
Bnckinf^ham ,
I'urtlitnd
l.ochaber ft Gore
Two Mounts, (jfcnville & aug.
HartinRton
Wentworth .
Chat hum .
Abcrerombie
Newton and aug,
Kilkenny .
L'Assomptiou Kawdon
Berthier . Kildare and aiig.
Brandon .
Beaaharnois Hinchinbrooke
llcmminsrlord
Scanbrid^^c
Dunham
SuttoD . .
St. Francis :
Potton .
Bolton
Stanstcad
Hatley
Barnston
Barford .
Montreal :
. Fainham
Granby .
MUton .
•■'■»fford .
crome .
Stukeley . '
Roxton .
Ely .
Three Rivers :
St. Maurice Htinterstown
Caxton and aug;.
Quebec:
. Alton ,
. Stnneham
Tewkesbury .
Sclttington
three Rivers :
Drummond Upton .
Acton
Grantham
Wendover & Gore
Simiiiion .
Wicicham
Terrebonne
Vaudreuil
lAchenaye
Missisquoi
Stanstead
ShefTord
Portneiif
Quebec
Saguenay
Quantity of
Surveyed
l.nud.in li>ts,
Vacant and
Disposable.
Crown Clorgy
33fi.'j4
^4401)
35114
fiOO
IB713
luorio
Ri-ii
33itMJ
noon
11071
40090
3S194
3400
0431
7342
Co3(l
I876
SH70
8217
B03.1
8021
87H.^
2140
SSIS
SS.'jO
7H97
7158
I30U
in <lispute.
1804 1 2:144
10775
11500
1300
8005
2093
1706
4825
4168
31800
33900
2593
3458
89ti3
44''7
1948
319
7111
7235
8500
3490
79M
1170
8O75
4785
5375
8533
3028
7981
6205
3475
2()17
600
6142
2908
3200
7147
2935
2713
15fi6
3000
400
443
8700
9100
2189
3975
250H
4551
4:.o
478
971
00.
a i,°
at
(O
o
H
16800
4I32S
46200
11200
tc a •
■?■«
5120
40075
48551
41144
43801
25583
18267
63250
42<mo
25485
59310
30786
22076
47948
42362
47UO
4)48
18010
20000
4790
2I1US
1170
80 75
6H7H
7081
13358
3028
798 1
52G5
3475
2617
600
6142
3968
3200
7147
2935
2713
1566
3000
400
4611
40500
431100
5782
7133
11471
903H
2398
797
8082
District,
County, and Township.
jNicolet .
I
St.
Sherbrooku
Three Rivers :
Drummond Kensey
Diirlmm
Aston and OMg.
Hortnn
Bulstrode
Stanfold .
Warwick
Arthabaska
aingwiclt
Chester .
liam and aug
MaddiuKtun
Blandford
Francis :
Shipton .
Wendover
Melbourne
Bromptou
Orford
Stoke .
Ascot
Compton
Eaton
Dudswell
Newport .
Wei'don
Clilton .
Hereford
Auckland.
Bury .
Quebec :
Somerset .
Nelson . .
Halifax .
Leeds .
Ireland
Inverness
Wolfestown
Thetford
Brougiiton
Trine
Shenley .
Dorset ,
Frampton
Cranbnurnc .
Watford .
Jersey . ,
Buckland .
.Standon
Ware
Armagh
Ashtord and an
Lessaid
Kamarouska Irwortli .
Woodbridgo .
Rimouski . Matane .
St. Denis
(iaspe . . Cap Chat .
Grand total
Megantic
Beauce .
Bcllcchasse
L'Islct
e-
Quantity of
Surveyed
Land, in lots,
Vacant and
Disposable.
Crown Clergy
1722
1255
15352
774
24430
7682
12867
2600
4760
6983
7160
757 b
722
ij 0.' if
•S > C
a u
9600
4200
28400
2200
8400!
16300|
32831]
54I2|
28OO;
27985 1
IO717I
1030
10850
20072
IU7«3
44455
I4H96
5408
300
1 IOR6
63537
31169
5800
16510
16800
24200
6450
6441
8416
320
5281
8136
8400
2000
8154
8400
32190
3481
420
8294
447
6116
H725
6000
2010
4060
2644
100(1
600
200
400
8400
600
200
5863
68I9
7600
4103
79110
3500
9000
31000
7900
8800
6309
10625
6432
9103
1787
1036
4201
4700
5529
9300
2178 57498
8112
1400 51000
34460
10600 ..
6103! ..
1200: 64291
•2fe
15400
717a
7696
23768
1094
29711
15818
21267
21110
12914
14983
56150
35259
7641
8294
9703
4477
SII6
8725
61111O
2610
41160
2644
1000
600
200
400
6400
600
2U0
22903
23250
71100
4103
17500
7700
37400
33J00
I6;i00
251U0
3HU0
160:17
370HS
125114
2llfi,')
30151
21772
25^.(2
53755
74572
135'iO
52700
45J26
74137
3OJ-2
71-'D1
TJ. — An estimate of the quantity of waste lands in
the Province Unsurvoyed, of the quantity fit for Cul-
tivation, of the forest and quality of the timber.
North of the St. Lawrence, Montreal district ; in the
country north and east "f the Ottawa, from the rear
of Grenville to a point about 100 miles above the falls
of the Chaudiere, in Hull, extending back from the
surveyed tract about 30 miles ; about 4,500 square
miles of waste lands ; quantity fit for cultivation, un-
known ; quality of timber, principally pine of two
sorts red and white; extensive lumbering transactions
are carrying on in this tract. A strip of land lying
999976 568099,408yi6 1976991
in the rear of the present townships on the margin
of the above-described tract, with the average depth
of three quarters of a township, or seven miles and a
half, making about fifteen townships; quantity (it for
cultivation, 900,000 square miles ; quality of tiiiibiT,
mixed timber; some white pine, spruce and hard
wood.
South of the St. Lawrence, Quebec district, the
country on the river St. John, comprised within the
disputed territory ; .5,000,000 square miles ot waste
land; quality of timber, spruce and white pine. In
the rear of the seigneurics south of the St. Lawrence,
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
.^7
rvcyert Districts,
the •26th day of
g e.
beg .
*- lu a
3 « 5
ii ^^
5lt
►"S
N- a»
i=±:-
..
71 ;a
, ,
7«)!>()
2a;(iti
,,
loyi
. ,
29711
. .
1.581 s
, ,
21-^(i7
16A10
21110
, ,
12!) 11
141)8,1
1 6800
£6150
24200
352r)9
••
7641
..
8294
, ,
9"o:i
,,
4477
sua
,,
8725
, ,
6IIII0
, ,
21)10
401)0
, ,
2644
, ,
1000
6i)0
, ,
200
, ,
400
8100
, ,
600
••
2U0
22903
, ,
23a.-io
. ,
7iioo
, ,
410:1
, ,
17500
,,
7700
,,
37400
, ,
33J0O
, ,
16300
25100
,,
3HM0
, ,
16037
, ,
im-i
3708>j
1251)4
, ,
2116,1
15400
30151
21772
, ,
25232
53755
5Mfl8
7457-'
8112
13520
T) 1(100
52700
3I1()0
45J2I)
74137
, ,
3O272
nr.'9i
7121)1
OSOlG
igrcoDi
the margin
t'ernge depth
miles atiJ a
antity (it for
y of timber,
ce and liaid
district, the
d witliiii the
iles of wn^tc
e pine. In
t. Lawrence,
on the average depth of half a township, or five miles,
by a length of aiiout 90 miles ; (juantityof waste land
unknown ; 208,000 square miles tit for cultivation ;
quality of timber, principally spruce timber.
North of tlic St. Lawrence, Quebec district, the
Sagucnay country surrounding the Lake St. Joliii ;
supposed about 2,000,000 square miles of waste laii'!;
eliiimtc supposed to be too severe for wheat; quality
of timber, spruce.
X. — Memorandum showing the Amount of Fees taken under the present Tariff, on a Patent granting Land ;
and the Amount that will eventually bo payable should the alteration proposed in Lord Gosford's Despatch
of the 28th of July 1836, be carried into ettect.
Fees that will be
I
ees Payable under the existing Tariff of 1831
,
payable under the
proposed alteration.
C
t i
4-1
rk of the
ecutive
lUQCil.
II
4-)
4->
2
%o
S
<
4i X X
H E
<
.2 a
a. 73
H S
£
s.
d.
£
s. d.
£ s.
d.
£ s. d.
£ ».
d.
£
s. d.
£ s. d.
£ s. d.
100 acres, and under
_
10
_
5 -
_ \
_
- 1 -
1 10
_
2
7 -
1 10 -
1 10 -
Overl00,notexcpediiig200
10
6
_
5 3
_ 1
_j,
- 1 -i
1 11
_
2
8 10
1 11 -
1 11 -
200 . . . . 300
-
11
-
_
5 6
.
1
- 1 1
1 12
-
2
10 8 1 12 -
1 12 -
300
. . 400
-
11
6
—
5 9
_ 1
IS
- 1 IS
1 13
-
2
12 6i 1 13 -
1 13 -
400
. . 500
-
12
_
—
6 -
_ 1
2
- 1 2
I 14
—
2
14 4 1 1 14 -
1 14 -
500
. . 600
-
12
6
-
G 3
_ 1
3
- 1 3
1 15
-
2
16 3
1 15 -
I 15 -
600
. . 700
-
13
-
-
6 6
- 1
3.V
- 1 3i
1 16
-
2
18 -4- 1 16 -
1 16 -
700
. . 800
-
13
6
—
6 9
— 1
4
- 1 4
1 17
_
2
19 11 ' 1 17 -
1 17 -
800
. . 900
-
14
-
—
7 -
- 1
4}
- 1 4^
I 18
-
3
1 9i 1 18 -
1 18 -
aoo
.. 1000
~
14
6
—
7 3
— 1
5^
- 1 5i
1 19
—
3
3 7i
1 19 -
1 19 -
It is proposed to abolish the fees payable to all the ofTicers who now receive them, excepting those of the
provincial secretary, allowing, however, a compensation to the present incumbents, taking the fees for a
fee-fund so long as they continue to hold office.
Y. — Statement showing the Quantity of Acres of Clergy Reserves sold, whether to private Individuals, or
to the British American Land Company, with the Average Price per acre, in Counties.
1834. 1835.
1830.
Counties.
Private
Persons.
La id
Company.
Private
Persons.
Land
Company.
Private
Persons.
Land
Company.
<
s
(U
>
<
i
<
>
<
<
2
CO
<
s
<
S
<
2
>
<
en
Stanstead
Shefford . .
Sherbrooke .
Drummond .
Ottawa . .
Two Mountains
St. Maurice .
Beauce , .
Missisquoi
Megantic'
Bellcchasse .
Vaudreuil
Nicolet . .
4762
1127
3312
2282
1691
2100
9946
2100
174
900
477
s. d.
6 m
5 3i
6 7i
4 3
4 8J
2 Oi
2 Sk
3 Oi
8 lU
4 5i
6 2i
5308
17440
28037
7655
s. d.
4 n
4 IH
4 6iJ
4 2
1829
2884
12834
27938
2093
700
"175
5140
136
5740
s. d.
5 6}
5 2J
4 9
3 5
5 8i
1 Hi
12 6
3 5i
7"6
|4
12651
8871
20238
s.
4
4
4
d.
73
6i
100
723
3207
11430
244
1871
1466
s. d.
4
5
5 5i
4 23
6 5i
4"o
4-0
832
4.-)0
1 5033
2200
s. d
4 7i
4 Hi
4 6i
4 2i
Total . .
28871
••
58440
••
59469
41760
19041
18515
••
i
Remarks. — These include all sales made within the province, and the above-mentioned counties are only
specified because they happen to be all in which sales of Clergy Reserves took place within the period nameC.
h
r>fi
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
Z. — General statement of the Lands granted in Free and Common Soccage in the Province of Lower
Canada, within the undermentio.ied Townships, which have been laid out and subdivided since the year
179.'), showing also the Proportional Reservations for Crown and Clergy, from the 20111 March 1H14.
"s ^•
a! « 13
A^ .
Cd ^ 1
v< •
fc « -d
i^ .
05 .
Townships.
IS
Numbi
of acre
grante
Reserv
tions fi
crown.
Reserv
tions fi
clergy.
Townships.
1 Numbi
of acre
grantei
Reserv
tions f
crown.
a> o a>
as 'S "3
Abercromby
406
80
8ol
Dunham
200
40
40
Acton
—
10(10
200
200! Dunham
1796
40895
8400
8400
Acton
1806
24004
—
— jiDurham
—
360
72
72
Acton
1806
228,')9
4800
4842!;Durham
1802
21991
4410
4410
Armagh
1799
2400
410
630
Durham
1803
8150
1 620
1365
Arthabaska
1802
US.-JO
2730
2100'
Durham
1814
—
—
—
Ascot
—
5879
1160
1170
Durham
1H14
12726
2400
2600
Ascot
1803
20188
4200
4200 Durham
1827
500
100
100
Ascot
1814
200
—
— ijDurham
1827
200
40
40
Ascot
1826
16440
3300
3250'|Durham
1828
200
40
40
Ashford
1814
1200
250
250, Eardley
—
1500
300
300
Aston
1806
27127
54.54
484 7 J Eardley
1806
5250
1390
1275
Aston Augment .
—
—
—
— 1 Eaton
—
1300
260
260
Aston
1806
1260
—
— 1 Eaton
1800
25600
5250
4620
Aston Augment .
—
—
800
160; Eaton
1804
6300
1680
1890
Auckland
1806
23100
4400
4400 1 Eaton
1812
200
—
—
Barford
1802
27720
5880
5670 ! Eaton
1815
3400
600
600
Barnston
1801
23100
4735
4693 ,Ely
1802
11550
2310
2310
Barnston
1805
2310
1,52
152
Ely
1811
630
—
—
Barnston
1810
13546
68512
58512
Ely
1814
11000
2200
2200
Barnston
1811
3200
""^
—
iEly
1816
4200
800
800
Barnston
1821
600
120
120
Farnham
1798
23000
4830
4830
Blandford
—
37400
7664
7200
Farnham
1805
5040
600
802
Bolton
1797
62621
12190
12400
I Farnham
1809
10176
—
—
Brandon
1826
9700
1900
1900
iFarnham
1824
2400
480
480
Brandon
1828
1200
240
240 Frampton
—
5100
1000
1020
Brandon
—
9404
1890
1890 Frampton
1806
11569
2212
2200
Bromc
1797
46200
9030
9030
Frampton
1808
12380
—
—
Brompton
180.3
40753
7800
8000
Frampton
1826
6900
1340
1340
Brompton
—
272
54
52
Frampton
1827
100
20
20
Broughton
—
700
140
140
Frampton
1827
2400
480
480
Broughton
1800
23100
5140
5340
Frampton
1828
3700
737
737
Broughton
1824
1800
360
360
Gasp^ District .
—
2118
—
—
Buckingham
—
2400
480
480
Godmanchester .
—
4270
850
854
Buckingham
1799
2000
420
420
Godmanchester .
1812
25592
—
—
Buckingham
1803
14910
3570
3360
Godmanchester .
1814
—
—
—
Buckland
1806
12182
2433
2367
Godmanchester .
1815
56.50
800
800
Bulstrode
1803
24463
4894
4894
Godmanchester .
1825
2000
400
400
Bury
1803
11550
2310
2310
Godmanchester ,
1827
550
100
100
Chatham
—
8200
1640
1640
Godmanchester .
i827
1445
289
289
Chatham
1790
2200
410
410
Godmanchester .
1827
—
—
—
Chatham
1806
5250
800
800
Godmanchester .
1827
8509
1700
1700
Chatham
1812
13319
—
—
Granby
—
2400
480
480
Chester
—
2527
500
500
Granby
1803
38152
7908
7977
Chester
1802
11.550
2310
2310
Granby, Milton and
1806
2520
—
—
Chester
1805
11707
2320
2320
Simpson.
Chester
1823
3000
GOO
600
Granby
1806
420
—
—
Chester
1828
800
160
160
Granby
1827
500
100
100
Clarendon
—
248
210
210
Granby
1827
700
140
140
Clifton
1799
12600
2520
2520
Grantham
—
COO
120
120
Clifton
1803
23546
4914
5064
Grantham
1800
27000
5250
5250
Clifton
1803
7035
1594
1680
Grantham
1815
30200
—
5200
Clifton
1816
600
120
120
Grenville
—
2250
420
420
Clinton
1803
115.'i0
2510
2100
Grenville
1808
1260
211
400
Compton
1803
26460
5250
5250
Grenville
1810
616
—
—
Compton
1810
13110
—
—
Grenville
1826
7809
1560
1560
Ditton
1803
11550
2310
2310
Grenville Augment
1823
600
120
120
Dorset
1799
53000
10710
10710
Halifax
1802
11560
2310
2:il0
Pudswell
—
500
100
100
Halifax
1805
11243
2310
2320
Dudswell
1803
11632
2247
2483
Halifax
1821
800
160
160
Dudswell
1822
3000
600
600
Halifax
1828
800
160
160
Dudswell
1827
800
160
160
Ham
1808
1260
200
200
APPENDIX HI.— NORTH AMERICA.
Oenernl Statement of the Lands granted in Free and Common Soccage, &c. — continued.
69
40
8400
72
4410
VMr,
2fiOO
100
40
40
300
i27r.
2G0
4020
18yo
f.OO
2310
2200
800
4830
802
480
1020
2200
1340
20
480
737
854
800
400
100
289
1700
480
7977
100
140
120
5250
5200
420
400
15G0
120
2:no
2320
lf)0
IfiO
200
Townships.
Date of
patent.
Number
of acres
granted.
Reserva-
tions for
crown.
Reserva-
tions for
clergy.
Townships.
*s
Si s
Number
of acres
granted.
Reserva-
tions for
crown.
Reserva-
tions for
clergy.
Ham
I 1811
1200
Lochaber
1807
13261
3213
3291
Hamilton
1824
14800
3000
3000
! Lochaber
1825
1945
389
389
Hatley
i —.
6502
1300
1300
Mi.ddington
—
505
100
100
Hatley
1803
23493
4890
4890
Maddington . .
1808
6005
—
—
Hatley
1805
2304
374
384
Maddington .
1808
6033
—
—
Hatley
1825
4375
915
915
Magdalen Islands .
—
48847
—
8143
Hatley
1826
200
40
40
Melbourne
1805
26153
5932
6184
Hemmingford
—
300
60
60
Melbourne . .
1817
4900
980
980
Hemmingford . .
1 1800
20800
4160
4100
Milton
—
1400
280
280
Hemmingford
1803
8536
1707
1707
Milton
1803
24518
6090
6273
Hemmingford . .
1804
2520
504
504
Milton
1827
500
100
100
Hemmingford
1804
420
S4
84
Milton
1827
500
100
100
Hemmingford . .
1811
3200
—
—
Nelson
1804
38326
7561
7743
Hemmingford
1814
—
—
—
Newport
—
400
80
80
Hereford
—
1200
140
240
Newport
1803
12600
2400
2400
Hinchinbrook
—
6961
1355
1355
Newport
1 1801
11550
2310
2310
Hinchinbrook . .
1799
5200
1040
1040
Newton
1 1805
12961
2331
2526
Hinchinbrook
1811
3719
—
—
Newton
1811
1137
—
—
Hinchinbrook . .
1815
15464
2200
2202
Onslow
—
252
40
40
Hinchinbrook
1827
44
4i
44
Onslow
1805
1073
210
210
Hinchinbrook .
1827
600
120
20
Onslow
1808
126673
—
—
Hinchinbrook . .
1827
200
40
40
Orford
—
348
70
70
Hinchinbrook
1827
8509
1700
1700
jOrford
1801
12262
2701 1 2462
Hull
18 Of)
13701
2482
2243
Orford
1826
200
4o! 40
Hull
1807
630
—
—
Potton
1797
6000
1260 1260
Hull
1H27
1 8333
5800
3756
Potton
1803
27580
5516
5516
Himterstown
1800
24620
4600
4600
Potton
1810
210
Inverness .
—
3340
670
670
Potton
1816
9800
1900
1900
Inverness
1802
1 1 550
2310
2310 1
Rawdon
—
4900
960
960
Inverness .
1811
600
—
—
Rawdon
1799
1900
400
400
Inverness . .
1826
1940
388
388 1
Rawdon
1805
3150
630 420
Ireland
—
5800
1140
1140 1
Rawdon
1826
2500
440 440
Ireland
1801
11550
2310
2310
Rawdon
1827
100
20 20
Ireland
1826
4190
840
840
Roxton
—
1300
260 260
Ireland
1827
200
40
40
Roxton
1803
24784
4620
4620
Ixworth
1802
1260
210
420
Settrington
13000
2593
3189
Ixworth
1815
6300
1200
1300
Shefford
1801
35490
7098
7098
Jersey
—
5508
1109
1138
Shefford, 1400'
Kildare
—
3840
768
770
Stukeley, 800
Kildare
1803
11486
1990
2520
Hatley, 600
Kildare . .
Kildare .
1826
1827
9110
200
1822
40
1822
44
Compton, 1000
Barston, 800
1827
9000
9000
1800
1800
Kilkenny
1726
1600
320
320
Stantead, 1200
Kingsey
—
200
40
40
Shipton, 2000
Kingsey
1803
11478
2448
2422
& Granby, 1200.
Kingsey
1805
11196
2132
1998
Shenley
1810
10298
—
—
Kingsey
1811
600
—
—
Sherrington . .
—
2633
525
525
Kingsey
1814
—
—
—
Sherrington .
1809
19278
—
—
Kingsey
1826
5400
1080
1080
Sherrington . .
1809
8395
—
—
Kingsey
1827
600
120
120
Sherrington .
1811
—
—
—
Leeds
—
3685
780
786
Shipton
1803
58692
11725
11739
Leeds
1801
11760
2420
2630
Shipton
1810
210
—
—
Leeds
1812
8002
—
—
Simpson
—
528
100
100
Leeds
—
—
—
1
Simpson
1802
42135
9320
8387
Leeds
1826
6000
1200
1200
Somerset
1804
38790
7483
7619 •
Leeds
1826
330
66
66
Stanbridge
1800
41790
8820
8610
Leeds
1827
600
120
120
Standon
—
2119
420
420
Leeds
1827
100
20
20
Stanfold
1807
26810
__
Leeds
1827
290
58
58
Stanstead .
—
400
80
80
Leeds
1827
200
40
40
Stanstead . .
1800
27720
5250
5040
Leeds
1828
186
32
32
Stanstead .
1803
1276
210
173
Lingwick
1807
13650
2600
2400
Stanstead . .
1805
3578
511
511
Lingwick
1814
17000
—
-—
Stanstead .
1810
21406
—
Lochaber
—
847
174
174
i
Stoke
1802
43620
10542
8912
'■'I I
n
CO APPKNDIX III.— NORTH AMKRICA.
General Statement of the Lands granted in Free and Common Soccage, &c. — continued.
9\
1^ 1
Number
of acres
granted.
^^ ^
it ^
*M
h (A T.*
ci g 1
i n
Townsiiips.
Date
patent
Reser\
tions 1
crown.
Reserv
tions f
clergy.
Townships.
It
Numb*
of acre
grantei
Reserv
tions f
crown.
Reserv
tions f
clergy.
Stoke
1802
IK'JO
378
378 Upton and Augm. .
1823
735
147|
147
Stoiieliam
—
400
80
80 Warwick . .
—
800
100
100
Stoiieimm
IHOO
24000
3428
3428 1 Warwick .
1804
23940
4830,
4830
Stoneliam
182f.
200
40
40 Weedon
1823
11 MOO
2400,
2400
Stoiieham
1827
200
40
40 Wendover Gore
—
200
40
40
Stukeley
1800
23C.2r)
4200
4050 Wendover
1805
12558
2739
2200
Stukeley
i8i(;
4435
881
734 Wendover
1808
200
—
—
Sutton
1 1802
3y'.H»0
8000
7800 , Wendover
1819
1 GOO
320
320
Sutton
! 1817
4300
880
880
Wendover Gore
1828
300
00
00
Templcton
—
i()i*r)
200
200
Wendover
—
5f>5
113
113
Tenipleton .
1807
8'J49
2052
1829
Wendover
—
300
CO
00
Tempk'ton
1827
SW
72
72 1 Went worth . .
1809
12390
—
2402
Teinjilcton .
' 1800
8G20
—
Westbury
1804
12202
2701
—
Tewkesbury
—
400
80
80 ;
Wickhaui
—
754
150
150
'I'ewktsbury .
1 800
2000
400
400
Wickhnm . .
1602
23753
5304
4189
Tewkesbury , .
1800
21000
4fil0
4f)20
Wickham
1814
28945
4;ui
Thetford
1802
23100
4020
4410
, Windsor
1804
420
84
84
'I'ingwick
—
400
80
80
Windsor
1802
50900
10041
looo:,
'lingwick
1804
23730
50 10
4020
Windsor, Simpson,
Tint;vvick
1817
21000
4200
4200
1 Somerset, and
Tring
1804
22995
4400
4400
Nelson
1808
3780
—
—
I'pton
—
2913
580
580
iWolfstown . .
—
1 1500
300
1 :to(i
Upton
1800
25201)
5210
5000
Wolfstown
1802
; 11550
2310
; 231(1
Upton
1801>
078
' '
■ '
1
1
1
A A. — Census of the Population of the North American Coloi
lies in the years
—
Provinces.
1784.
1811.
1817.
1824.
1825.
1827.
1831.
1832.
1834.
l8;{fi.
Upper Canada
10000
77000
,.
151097
234805
257814
;<58lM7
Lower Canada
113000
..
123G30
511917
, •
Newfoundland
10701
, ,
, ,
58188
, ,
, ,
7370,^
Prince Edward Island
[■
, .
, .
, ,
, ,
32292
, ,
3217C
New Brunswick
32000
74170
, ,
, .
, ,
119457
, ,
Nova Scotia
• •
84913
, ,
. ,
123878
■ •
, ,
, ,
Cape Breton . . .
-
14000
••
30000
• •
••
••
B B. — General Statement of the Grants of Land made ]
in Nova Scotia from the year 1749 to 1820, show- ]
ing the reservation of Mines and Minerals to the '
Crown. j
Periods of grants from 1749 to 1752, 12,00o pcres i
of land grnutcii ; 500 acres has been escheated ;
11,500 acres still held by i;rant. in some of these
grants, mines of gold and silver, precious stones and
lapis lazuli are reserved, but in most of them there is
no reservation whatever. Those grants include the
town, suburbs, and peninsula of Halifax. Farm lots
on the harbour and vicinity of Halifax.
Periods of grants from 1752 to 1782, 2,890,002
acres of land granted ; 1,945,372 has been escheated ;
956,690 still held by grant. Mines of gold and silver,
precious stones, and lapis lazuli are reserved, and no
other. These lands were escheated for the reception
of the great bodies of loyalists and disbanded corps,
•who settled in this province in the years 1783 and
1784, and consisted chiefly of large tracts, situate in
the county of Shelburne, Sidney, Pictou, County of
Hants, C^umberland, and Halifax.
Periods of grants from 1783 to 1808, 1,873,941
acres of land granted; 206,790 has been escheated,
1,667,151 still hell' by grant. Mines of gold, silver,
lead, copper, and coals are reserved, and no other.
Periods of grants from 1809 to the present time,
1,3 43,930 acres of land granted ; 1,343,930 stilllielil
by grant. All mines and niinerals of every descriii-
tion are reserved to the crown.
Total amount of acres granted, 6,119,939; ditto
has been escheated, 2,152,002; ditto still licid by
grant, 3,979,277.
C C. — No. of Acres of Land Granted and TJngranted
in the North American Colonies. [Estimate by
Mr. Bliss.]
■a
Hv^a
1"
5^
^.1^
■a
a at
■gS
"rt c; .£ 5
Provinces.
?
tt
7rr.
ts s « 2
4-1
>
S3
2S
c s
- £>3
!::S
O
u
u&
PS
hSom
Upper Canada
861)^42(1
1032956
7509464
5500000
i;io()!i4()l
Lower Canada
lofioitrng
20059 13
8537796
5500000
li(i;irr!)5
H. E. Island
13S0700
138070
1242650
—
1212();)0
Newfoundland
. .
—
—
11000000] —
N. Urunswick
2000000
20U000
1800000
1000000:128000110
Nova Scotia
475009H
475009
4275089
— 1 5275(189
Total .
273:i6i)27
3911948
23424979
23000000
46424!)79
o
a
o
fl
<N
o
*?
-H
-o
u
^
s
g
^
GJ
C-l
O
CO
'iri
M
u>
1
5
(M
c<5
'X)
<u
^
a
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o
no
X
V
^
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r^
tM
ai
o
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u
01
fij
•a
o
e
(J
cd
Q
2
4.1
•M
>— 1
a
tn
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r'.
JS
n
a,
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C
(fl
•a
■o
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s
o
cd
lU
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cd
cA
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4-*
ca
S
S
I
Q
Q
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
t\
crown.
Reserva-
tions for
cltTgy.
147|
147
ICO,
U'li)
<U)
4H;i()
100,
aiim
■\0
40
7ny
22(i(;
_ 1
—
■A20\
;)20
(iO
CO
113
ii:<
60
00
—
24r,L'
701
—
ir.o
i:,o
;!64
448'J
—
4;ui
84
H4
)r,4i
looi;:.
300
i;uo
'MM
23l(»
*34.
(457
1830.
^58187
7370.5
3-217fi
present time,
93(1 still lidJ
every desciip-
iy,<)39 ; ditto
still licld by
nd TJngrantcd
[Estimate by
a
5=^1
H
•s^f .
<= y
ci ^
*S'>3
ffc^l
3P
hcO«
.ionnou
1:I0()!I4I)1
500UOO
iio3;;!)8
12J2CJ0
oo«ono| —
000000:1281100(10
—
1 52;50S!I
000000
46424W9
1
Qo .g
c
•Z<
o
>
o
^
M
X
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u
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o 1^0 ^
(N 7". *f n
*sa3viJJBi^
•smjia
CI d CI CI
^ i^ X t:
CI = r^ X
to to to to
•siBjina
X X X 71
CI to t-, »
CI m en -n
« 71 to -T
|^3il^(^
m n T f
X -f to to
!->. f 10 X
CI Tf ^ cn
O CI © f I
© X 71 If!
o 01 -N o I
■— 71 CI !>.'
In, — O 3
cn ^ f ^
o e CI 91 <«
r? 01 lOtO ■*
cj in CI to
© 1^ = en
M -^ M W
© 0)0i to I en
o e to ^ I c
o» ^ ento ff*
© © -^ N I en
■ssSsuiBK
0lt>.»0 -^
^ I -. CI Ct
« « d 91
t-l O) to to
©
d
X to CI I^
■^ W In, l>.
d
en d ■^ d
t.^ ^<t >M
■*
en to
X
•simia
CD ^ 5l to
to to to to
X
to
to CI Ol X
to I-. to 71
o>cr>« ^
CI
en
X o; X
X Old CI
« ^ d d
to
en
X
*»" to to I>*
t>
© d f «
!-•
4)
di© - ci
c* en -Ti ^
QD X X X
_ M FM ^
1
s
1
a
X X X X
IS29..
1831..
1S32..
Cft © -^ ci
r
•2
e
di© — d
d en en rs
X X X X
cr ;3
O to
373
eg
to
en ••»
10 to
3
2
^i
r,2
APPENDIX in.— NORTH AMERICA.
E E. — OroonAPiiirAi. iNFonMATioN ; I nt.nnd LonR.of lIcaillnnilR, Aeon the Coasts of North Amcricn, from
aHi-rirs of Observations imuk' in IHliH, iHii'j ond lH;t(), hy II. M.sliip Iliiiaar — iialifux l)cing cotisidi-rid us
tlif nicridiiit).
I'Ihco of Ohsprvntion.
Kurd Snilid iiml (liil/of St, Liiwrence,
Halifax Navnl Yard [.Mi'ridian]
Moughrr'i licncli [I.ightliouse] . ,
Samhro Lighthouse . . ,
Shut-in Island, sauth-west end
Jedore Head
Tangier Island foff'l'angior Harbour]
Outer Beaver Island fsoulh-enst point]
Green Island [country harbour, south point]
Berry Head [near Tcrbayj
White Head [oil' White Haven]
Canso Lighthouse
Eddy Point [Cut of Canso]
Cape St. George [ditto]
Pictou Island [south side]
Pictou Harbour . . . .
Pictou Academy
Cape Prospect [extreme point]
Point Hose [Malaguash Hay]
Cape Leiiave [south point]
Lehavc llock ....
Indian Island [south point]
Metway Head, Metway Harbour
Liverpool Lighthouse
Western Head, Liverpool Bay
Little Hope Island
Easternmost Rugged Island, south-cast point
Long projected point between Rugged Island Harbour
and Green Harbour
Shelburnc Lighthouse . .
Sandy Point, Shclburne Horbour
Cape Sable, south point
South Sea Island, south point
Ditto, north point
Sable Island, east end
Ditto west 2nd
Justc-aux Corps Island, south point
Port Hood, Cape Linzee •
Ship Harbour, Gut Canso
Cape Hinchinbroke, a small island off the Cape
Green Island, olf Isle Madame
Cape Portland
Louisburg, ruins of the old Lighthouse
Cape Breton, extreme point
Scattery Island, cast point
Cape Granby, extreme point
Cape North, north-east point, Breton Island
Bona Venture Island, north-west point
Douglas Town, south end of the beach
Cape Gaspe, south-east point
Cape Tormentine, north-t ast point
Point Escuminac, north-east point
Point Miscou, north-east point
Cape Traverse ....
Prince Edward Island, west point
Ditto, east point
' "- Ditto, Cape North, north-east point
Ditto Cape Bear
Paspebiac, south point of the beach
Anticosti, west point
Ditto, north point '. .
Ditto, east point
Mingan Harbour . . .
Latitude N.
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
4.'>
4.')
4.'^
4^
4.')
4.'>
45
4.5
4.')
44
44
44
44
44
44
44
4.3
4.3
4;i
4.3
43
43
43
43
43
43
43
4.')
4.5
45
45
45
45
45
45
4f.
46
47
48
48
48
46
47
48
46
46
46
47
46
48
49
49
40
60
39
36
26
36
40
44
48
4
10
10
19
30
51
47
41
40
2f>
18
II
10
9
6
1
59
48
41
39
37
41
23
23
26
59
56
58
59
36
34
27
47
53
56
1
9
2
29
46
45
7
5
1
13
37
27
4
52
57
8
17
26
2
17
35
5
28
24
55
44
17
33
25
22
62
56
20
38
7
8
fiO
40
24
52
13
34
14
40
31
57
57
51
22
15
30
19
31
25
29
47
57
31
26
19
18
13
30
33
14
38
1
27
37
48
36
20
2
54
29
38
30
35
Long. W. of
Greenwich.
I
63 37 48
63
63
63
62
62
61
61
61
60
61
61
62
62
62
63
64
61
64
64
64
64
64
64
65
65
65
65
65
65
66
59
60
61
61
61
60
60
60
5i 59
I 59
59
59
60
3! 64
i 64
j 64
' 63
8 64
; 64
i63
i 64
I 62
! 64
62
65
64
64
61
64
35 16 2
17 48
5
41
21
9
16
55
!0 5
7 5
21 43
34 49 6
9
49 5
68 30
54
12
Variation
W.
17 10
16 45
37 33
42
44 28
46 39
15 33
23 43 8
22 24 8 j
26 51 I 15 16
35 9 I 14 69
40 49 8 14 43
19 35
19
19
16 10
1 6 1 5
1 5 9
42 34 8
49 48
3 43 6
11 28 6
18 40 5
22 11
38 3
50 42
I 38
48 17
13 34
37 51
36 15
21 43
42 36
57 48
7 36
.59 48
50 L5
43 29
53
26 53
13 37 3
25
13
18 1
38
51
41 7
53
30 3
35
49 5
42
47
24
21 8
8
4
15 6
29
57
18
16 7
36
64 9
15
1 4
44
66 9
5
32 7
14 43
14 1
13 41
12 68
12 24
14
14
20 40
21 14
19 16
20 11
18 30
22 27
23 30
20 40
21 :)3
21
19 40
22 55
24 33
Parliameni
APPF.NDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
OROonAPHiCAi. iNroitMATioN,— Lnt. and I^ong. of I Ivadlandt, &c. — conlinumt.
f.3
Pl»ce of OI)serv«tion.
Latitude N.
Long W. of
Greenwich.
Variation
Ditto Island, ca«t tide . . .
.^0
13
7 4
61
12
n
Opt' Ito-ilpr ....
-IH
.'.O
41
64
15
21
Point Dm Mot«, I.iRhthoiisn
4'J
lU
32
67
24
49 ft
Ditto, cxtrcnit' point
I'J
IH
3M
67
26
19 ft
Mngilalcn Islnnd, iKirtli rust point .
47
37
37
61
26
51
Krion's hland, nnrth-cnst point
47
4H
H
-
-
-
I'.ntry I-lnnd, wist sontli-wust point
47
ir>
7
61
47
26
22 25
Hird I^li^n(l, nortlicrntnost
47
.')0
2M
61
12
53
City otqiichcc
40
4S
30
71
16
25 ft
V2 54
St. Paur* Island
47
12
38
60
11
21
23 45
Buy o/Fundy,
St. John, N. n.
45
15
66
6
19
Partriilse Nlnnd, Liplitliou-sc
4.')
13
36
-
-
-
Reaver Harbour, S. W. point of the entrance
45
3
12
66
47
28
Navy Island, soiithcnst point
45
2
24
67
5
47
HIiss Islfind, south-west point, {•".taiiR (Inrbour
45
15
60
54
27
Head llaibour. Lighthouse, Cainpo Hello
44
r.c,
50
66
56
58
Grand Manan, north point
44
4f.
4 'J
66
49
7
Ditto, Swallow-tail point
44
44
,'■.4
66
47
21
Ditto, White Head Island
44
36
r>'j
66
45
4
Uricr's Island, Lighthouac
44
13
:,\
66
20
54
Digby Lighthouse
41
40
25
65
50
15
Nnrfniindliind,
St. John's, Tort Townshend
47
33
33 fi
52
45
10 7
Cape IJroylc, south point
47
2
19 8
52
55
33
Cape Race , . .
46
40
27
53
8
6
Virgin Rocks . . , .
4f>
20
15 3
50
56
35
Trespassy, Point Powles
4C
43
11 8
53
27
Placentia, Point Verde
47
13
51 1
54
6
10 7
lUue Hcach Point, Capi> Chapcau Rouge, south 22,
east one and a (juarter niiica
4C
54
16
55
28
40 7
Cape Raye, extreme point . . .
47
36
49
59
21
Port aux 15as(iue, Road Island
47
34
11
59
10
39
24 2
Parliamentary Kstimatrs in 1838 for the
Can A DAS.
F F. — Estimate of the probable Expenditure of the
Indian Department in Lower and Upper Canada for its
cslablishment and pensions, from 1st April 1838 to
.31st March 1839. Lower Canada: Secretary, Quebec,
224/.; interpreter, Three rivers, 96/.; missionary,
lL"stigouche, 69/. ; do,, Lorettc, 46/. ; schoolmaster,
do., 18/ ; superintendent, Montreal, 216/.; 1 inter-
preter, do., 96/. ; 2 Missionaries, do., (46/. each) 92/.;
1 do., do., 41/. ; 3 sclioolmasters, do., (20/. 10j(. each)
(12/. ; total, 96.5/.
Upper Canada: chief superintendent, Toronto,
3.50/.; asssistant do.. River St. Clair, 128/.; inter-
preter do., do., 96/. ; superintendent, Coldwater,
2ir)/. ; interpreter, do., 96/. ; total, 887/. j amount of
effective establishment, 1,852/.
"^tired allowances, pensions and gratuities. Lower
Canada: L. J. Duchesnay, late superintendent at
Quebec, 80/. ; G. Maccomber, late interpreter, 36/. ;
J. B. De Niverville, do., 55/. ; Madame de Montigny,
widow of Captain de Mc-''gny, 27/.; Madame
D'Eschamhault, widow of Captain D'Eschambault
"0/.; Madame Vincent, widow of Louis Vincent,
sclioolmaster, 10/. ; 1 chief of Indian tribes for wounds
inaction, 2\l. ; 3 warriors of do. for do., (15/. each)
4,')/.; total, 346/.; J. G. Chesley, late resident at St.
Ilegis, a gratuity of 78/.
G G. — An Kstintate of the Amount required to be
voted in the year 1H38, to defray the Charge of the
Repair and Maintenance of the Ridcau and Ottawa
Canals in Canada.
Repairs and Maintenance :
Works and Repairs, Ridcau
L'itto - - - Ottawa
Barrack repairs
Total Engineer's Estimate
Salsries of Paymaster, Clerk's, and
Office-keeper.
Miscellaneous Expenses
Pay of Barrack-sergeant and of Bar
rack- master's Expenditure
Total Paymaster's Branch
Estimated Credits for 1837-8
Actual Receipts - Rideau 3885
Ottawa 1320
Estimated Receipts for 1837-8, not
realized.
Probable Receipts, 1838-9, Rideau
Ottawa
Amount required to be voted for 1838-9 £
£.
£.
10275
1308
352
11990
778
350
173
1300
13290
5227
1
5205
' '
22
13318
3500
1200
4700
8618
i38-9 £
m^\
HI !
64 APPRNDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
H H. — Bcnrings and distances between hendlnnds, &c. in the Gulph of St. I^wrenco.*
Course nnd I)ii
tance
Course hy
hy i-oiupnss us laid
Name of Hendlnnds.
True Course.
Compnss.
c
down in the chn
rt nnd
hooks at present in
5
use.
From St. Paul's Point to Cape
mile.
mile.
Hay . • . .
N 1'. hy I'-,
K hv N
42
KN k;«.4 K
42
From St. Paul's to Cnpc Xoitli
S \V 1-1 \v
\V S W 1 -J W
14
W S \V 1-4 ^
12
Fioin St. Paul's to North Uird
Islnnd ....
N \V 1-t W
N N\V 14 W
.^C.
N hy \V 1-4 W
.'.:<
From St. Paul's to N. F.. end
of MiigdaliMi Islnnd .
N \V hy W i \\
N W 1 -4 W
.^7
N W by N
:)2
Friim St. Paul's to P.. end of
Islaiul ....
N N \V l-:2 \V
N 1-2 W
i:!()
N hy W
iiii)
From Hird Island to Capi'
Rosier ....
W \V hy \V ij N\
N W 1 -4 N
KJ.'ii
N \V 1 .4 W
141
From Cape liny to North Rird
Istimd ....
\V hy N
N \V hy \V
TCi
NNV 1-2 \V
CO
From Cape Hny to V.. Point of
Antieosti ....
N W 1 4 \V
N N \V 1 4 W
i:!i
N N W '2 W
14H
• Variations of the eompass, estahlished in 182'.) hy Captain P;\y(leld, R. N., in the surveying;
schooner (tulnare, those laid down in the charts heiiis; cironcous. Hrandy pots U'i.\ deg. W. Island
ofHic, I7i. Cap Chat, 21. May of the Seven Islands, 2!!. West end of Antieosti, 2.'li. Fast end
of ditto, 24i.
A lighthouse hns been erected on I'ointe ilrs Monis I
(or Cape Monts IVles), on the north side of the River
St. I.iiwrence, uenrly oi)posite to ('npChnt, the lunturn
standing; 100 feet above the water.
The lighthouse lays with the outermost part of
Caribou Point, north .''i2. east, and south ,'>2 west by
compa-ss, and it can he seen over that )ioMit and to
the eastward of it. Ships approaehlu;.; the li^lit frou)
the eastward, ns they draw towards the Caribou
Point, must brinR it to hear west hy south, they will
then be in n i^ood fair way, and if necessary they can
near the land hy their len<l. After passin;; Caribou
Point, and as they draw towards the lighthouse, they
must eonie no nearer than 12 fathouis water to avoid
two ledfjies of rocks, one of which lays K. S I'",, fioiu
the li;;;ht, with only 12 feet water on it; the other
Inya S. \V. from the lii;l>t, nnd Iv S, F. from the
western extremity of Pointc des Monts, with ICi feet
water on it ; but these rocks do not lay further from
the shore than half a mile at low water.
The li(;hthonse lays with the west extremity of
Pointe des Monies, north (14 cast, nnd south (i4 west,
nnd distuut about one mile ; and when ships are to
the westward of the Point; the li;;ht bouse is in one
with the outermost rocks olf the I'oini ; nnd in the
day-time it forms a bold distinct land-mark ; and on
this line of hearinj; ships are in the iiest possible fair
way for the (jencrnl |)urposes of nnvij;ation, whether
bound up or down. F(H'nny particular purposes of nnvi-
gntion, ships niny safely stand to the northward, until
tiu; light bears east hy north, they will then he drnw-
inp; nenr the north land, and when it !)ears cast half
north it is time to tnck, for when it hoars east it will
he shut in with the highlnnd, nnd cniMiot ho seen to
the southwnrd of ea.st, and then they will bo only
one mile from the land, and if they are olfGodbnt
River, Pointe des Monts will bear from them east by
south two leagues distant. When ships an; olf St.
Nicholas Harbour, nnd the light bearing enst hy north,
they are in a good fair way from the north land.
The S. \V. spitt of Manicougnn Great Shoal, tin-
ship nnd the lijj;hthouse are then all in one line ui
hearing.
/,iir/i/A(ii/,v(' (III S. //'. I'liint of Aiiliro.sti. — Keepoi
I.t. Harvey, II. P. Royal Navy. A lighthouse haviiii;
boon erccteil on the S. \V. point of the Islnnd of .\ii.
ticosti, notice is hereby given that a grand rovolvin;;
light, on the Argand principle, was shewn tliercDii,
for the first time, on the 2."'th of August, 18.11, anil
that the said light will continue to be shown tvoiy
night from sun-set to sun-rise, from the 2;"illi day of
March to the last day of December in each vein.
When ships are to the eastward of the lighllumsi',
Ihey may safely stand toward the islnnd until it luais
N. N. \V. by compass, they will thou be in n j,'i>(iil
fair wny, nnd if they wish to make more free willi Iho
Inud, they can do so hy their lend. The land tiends
from the lighthouse S. K, hy south, or iu>nrly so.
I.ialillinifst- (III (incii Isliiiid in the Hirer St. I,<iir-
iriicr, kccprr, Mr. lidlirii .\(>rl Liiidxni/. — The laiiUrn
of the lighthouse on (ireen Islnnd shows n light cmmv
evening from sunset to sun-rise the next nuiniiiii,',
fnuu the l.lthdayof April to 10th dny of DoeeMilin,
inclusive; nnd the following are the bearings of it by
compass from the respective places.
Red Island, K. S. F. 4 S.
White Island, F.N. F. { F.
Hranilv Pots, N. F. bv F, ij K.
Apple Island, W. S. W.
Rnr(pie Island, W. S. W. i W.
The shoal nt the N. K. end of Green Island, S. \V.
4s.
The shoal nt the west end of Green Islnnd, N. F.
JE.
Lmror Cnnadn Ugh I house f res in \03^. — For vessels
going to Three Rivers or Montreal, of 100 to l.'iO
tons inclusive, 2/. currency ; of l.')l to 201 tons in-
clusive, ;i/. do. ; of 201 tons to 2.'')0 inclusive, I/,
do. ; of 2.') I tons nnd upwards, .'>/. do.
On settling with pilots, masters or comninndors of
II.— I.
nco.'
Dis
(BiK-e . ,
SS OS
laid
• clin
•t mid
iiesent in
L'.
luilc.
K
•12
>V
\2
l\V
r.3
N
r>'j
i:i<)
W
141
\V
(■>()
> w
M8
the s
iirvoyiii;;
^. w
. IslantI
i.
Kast end
Cri-at Shoiil, tlio
hU iu one line oi
Aiilirosti. — KiHiu-i
lislitlmnse having
■ tlio Island of An-
a i;rand ^C'volvill^
is shown thi'iciiii,
Vu^ust, 1H:U, ami
o 1)0 shown » very
Ml tin: 2:'ith day nl
lior in oat'li viar.
r the lii;hthniist',
and initil it Inain
lu'n 1)0 in a ;;>ioil
nmro fvoo with Ihi"
Tho land Iri-mls
or noaiiy si).
(■ Uirn- St. iiiii-
If. — Tho lantern
hows n lit;ht iveiy
10 noxt MiDmiii!,',
day of l)oi.onil)ii',
hearings ot it by
W.
rccn Island, S. W.
Iroon Island, N. l-
1H3.T. — Forvosso's
al, of 100 Id 1''0
il to 'JOl tuns in-
2.'i() inohisivo, 1/.
do.
or ooinninndors of
APPKNOIX HI.—
vr'<si'l», or tho oonsipnoos of snoli vossols, aro to didiiol
Olio shilling; in the poinidfor tho nnionnt uf tho sniiis
to ho |inid for piJotRijo, wliioh will ho oxaotod hy tho
Naval Olllcor at olonrin-; out, tho saino hi'iiit: foiiiidi'd
by law, iindrr tho dirootion of tho Trinity Uonso, tor
tlio relief of docnyod pilots, thoir widows and chil-
dren.
Riilcn nf Pihtitsrr for tin- Hirer St. l.inriYiiri' in
\<V.\ — From Hie totjiiohoo jior foot, rnnii tho 'Jnd
ti) llio :iOtli of April inohisivo, 1/ M. ; from tho 1st
of May to tho lOlh of Novomhor inohisivo, 1H.<. ;
fioiii tho nth to tho IStli Novi'iiihor inohisivo, W,
:i< : from tho I'.lthof Novomhor to tho 1st of Maroli,
I/. H,«.
From Qnohccto IMo. — Vrom tho ;.'nd to tho "Otii
April inohisivo, \h.i, ; from tho Isl of May lolho Idlli
Novomhor, l:'>.s'. !)■/. ; from tho llth to tlio IMtli No-
veiiiher iiiolusivt>, W. 1)7 ; from tho I '.it h Novomhor
to tlio 1st Maroli inohisivo, \l. ''.«. '.» '.
Kiitos of |iilot, wntor and poiiiiila;;o of pilot inoiuy
are pnyalilo at tho Naval Ollioo, hy masters and ootii-
iiiamlors of vossols, vi/, :• —
I'or i-vory foot of wato, for whieh masters or oom-
niiiiiilors of vossols aro lioiind to pay thoir pilots from
Hie to Qiiphoo, and from (^uoheo to Hie, i.'.v. Cut. cur-
rency per foot.
1 I. — I,u:iiTiio\isi:s ON Nov.v Sootia and Nhw
HlU'NSVVU K SllOUKS.
Ciijii- ,S\//(/c .S'(v// hliniil /(:;7/^ — Tho lirsf lii;lit in
niHiroaehinii tho Hay of I'imdy, is on tho sooth point
of tho Seal Island. This liuht is elevated ahoiil si) ft.
above liiiili wntor-mark, and may ho soon in approach
ills; the island from any point of tho compass. A very
riaiiuerous rook, iiinler water, hut npoii which the sea
always hrcaks, called tho lllondo Hock, is ahoiit two
miles S. S. W. hy coin|>nss, fioin tho li|;hthoiiso. Ho-
tweeii this rook and tho island f hero aro some dani^i'rs,
the uroniid is rocky throuj;hoiit, and hiii;o vessels,
theioforo, ought not to attempt passiii); hotwoon
theiii.
linirr h'liiilil l.inht. — In advnnoini; np tho hay, the
next liirht is situated on Hryor Island, ahont half a
mile N. !•',. from the N W. point thoroof, with an iiii-
laoveil lantern and lamp; this li:;ht, theroloro, will
lie nuieh more bcnollcittl to tho traito of the hay than
fonnerly.
.\iiii(iii(ili.i (?»' /ii;/ir — Tho next li^ht on tho const
iif Nova Sootia is placed at the west side of tho (iiit
of Annapolis, from Mryer Island .lorth-oastward ; this
const is very hold, and not iiilontod ; this li^^lit is,
flieiefore, chietly intended as a guide into Annapolis
Ilnsln.
(iiiiinri Hork li-ihl. — This light hoars from the light
on Bryer Island N. W. half west, 2\ mih's. It is in-
teiiiled to warn ships of their app.oach to a ory diin-
gennis raiigo of shoals and ,ed);os, which extend from
the Old I'loprielor to tho S.al Island, olf Maohii.s, a
disliiiiee of tthoiit 20 milo:\ Hearings of (iiinnet Koek
liulillioiise. Til the Old I'roprietor, which diios at
llilee ipiiiiters ehh (voiy danjV'i""'*) i ''"^' ''^ north a
iinniler north, seven inilos. Tn llir Hlack Kook (al-
ways ahovo water 'J.^ foot !, oil' White I load, N. I',, n
qnnrter K,. Tn thr S. \V head of Craiid Maniin N. \V.
Iiair north, '/'n ///(• iioithorninost of tho Miirr Lodges,
diy at two-thirds ehh, N. VV. hy wo^l a ipiartor west.
7'i) till' soiilherninost of ilitto, culled St. Mary's I.oih.'o,
nlways out of water, S. \V. hy west half west. Ma-
cliin's Seal Island lights, distant uhont \H miles north
liy noilh n ipiarter north.
NORTH AMKIUCA.
(i^
iVo/f. — Uotween tho northernmost and sonthorn-
inost of tho Mnrr l.oil!;es, there is a laiigo o( dan-
porous rooks and shoals, many of them always ahovo
water, ami whieh extend westward from the light-
house ahoul four miles; from this range, farther
westerly, ahont throe iniles, lies n daiv;erons hreiiker
called tho Roaring Hull : this niny ho avoided hy
keeping three remaikahio headlands near the S. W.
end of (Irnnd Manaii open.
The rod glass having hoon removed from tho lan-
tern, this light is now n hiiglit white one.
Ilriiil H.irlii'iir li^ht. — Noxt in order after pas-iie;
driiiiil .\l iiiiiti is Hi'iiil H.iihinir light. This is plaeed
on tho N. I'',, extremity of Cnnifm lirllii, and is t\
iriiido to vcssi'ls onterine; tho main ohannol to /IV.v<
/.v7r.<, Miiiixi- hliinil. and tho inner Kiiii ol' I'li^.iiiiiut'
'jiiollii; it I nahlos vessels also a' all times to enter
Head llarho'ir.
I'l'iiil If I'lrnii /ti;'(N'. -rpon this projeoling liond-
laiid two lights have lately heen plaood, one ahovothe
othi'r. and distant eighteen foot. Holh lights may ho
seen from every point of tho compass, where they
may he nsot'ul.
/' 1)7/1 (;,'(• /.v//iii/ //,;/i/,«. — This light nt the ontianco
of the liirrr ami lliiiliniir uf St. Juliii, having lieon
ostiihlished iipwaids of forty years, leipiiio no j iirli-
cuhir notioi'.
I<ciinm li::^lit. — Within Partridge Island and upon
a spit, or har, wliicdi extends ahoul half a mile S. ,S, !■;.
from Sand Point, and whii'h dries at two-thirds ehh,
stands the lU'iioon Tower. I'pon this tower a light
is I'stahlishod which is eminently useful to the ciuist-
iiig trade of St. .lohii, nnil to nil other vessels having
pilots on hoard, ns it onahles tlioin to enter the liar-
l)onr at all hours of the nij:lit.
Il'r.st Qii(i:lilii /i:;///. — This is nn Ameiioan light,
and i.« plaoi"d on the west side of the onlranoo Into
the St, Cnii.r, hy l.iilfr and /'.'((.«//iiir/ ; a now light-
house h.is lately 1)0011 ereotod here, and the light much
improved,
Two lixoil lights upon the M lohin's Seal Island
woio put into operation in Ooiolior last ; tin v iiie
olovati'd ahont ■l.'i ahove high water and hear from
each other K. S. \'.. and W. N. W., distant -JOO foot,
hy which tlii-v will he iiiimoiliatoly di--tinguisho(i from
all other li;lits upon tho const ( Hriti'-li or Aniorii'an) ;
tho h)rowiiig art" the hearings from thoni, viz. — Tn
till' soulheriimost Murr Lodge (St. Mary's) K. S. K,
oasli riy. Tn thr (hiiinot Rook light oast hy south n
cpiaitoi, thirtoi'll inilos. 'To thr southern head nf
(irand Manaii oast hy north half north To thr
iiorthorn ditto N I''., half east, '/'o Ihr North east.
Rook, distant two miles, N. I''., hv north. 'To thr
Little River Head north hy west. 'To Ihr Lihhy Island
lighthouse (.\nierican) N.W. hy west. Vessels in
standing in to tho northwnrd, hetworn those li:;hts
and the (iaiinet Rook, shmild tack, or haul olf the
momont they hring those lights in one, as they will
then ho not more tlinn throe (piarters of a niih' Ironi
tlu' Mini Lodges, if more than live inilos to the onst-
wiinl ol the liijit.
Tho comtnisMoners of lighlhoiisos for Novn Sootia,
unih'r date ol tl e HOIh of Oetoher, iN.'tL', gave iiolie<',
that the lighthouse Iniihliin; on Low Point, at tho
eiifiiinoo of Svdiiey ll.irhoiir, Caiio Hrotoii, would ho
(iiiivhod on tho 1st of Novomhor, and lighted in or
ahont tlio IMIi of that nioiiih. It would hen tixod
light on the cast point of the onlraneo of the hnrhonr.
,\ white hi'HOon has hetMi oreetod on the east head,
loading into Loiiishouig Hnrhonr, upon the site cif
the OhI Kronch lighthouse, vvhioh may ho ^cen nt n
very eonvidcrahlc distniu'i'.
:^i
it
m
m
'■ ■■ I
66
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
KK. — Newfoundland Executive Council met in 1825,
atimes; 18'2fi,Ct.; 1827, 7 t. ; 1828, 4 t. ; 1829, not
met; 18:^0, 4 t.; 18n, 3 t, ; 1832, 25 t. ; 1833, 12 t.;
1834, 18 t. [Appendix House of Assembly.]
L L. — Articles erfwrted j'rnn, the Colony of Cape
Breton in 1834. — Beef ». id pork, 87 barrels; ."iG firkins
of butter, 8,374 tons »if coals, 142 bushels of corn,
12,329 quintals of dry cod fish, 1,870 barrels of wot
cod fish, 72 hides and skins, 400 seal skins, 14 tons of
unwrought iron, 22,'J97 gallons of train and spcrnii-
cetti oil, ion tons of oak timber, 3,024 tons of pine
timber, 120tonsof ash and birch timber, 82 masts and
yards, &c.; 243 oars, 2,873 feet of deal, &c.; 12,.'j00
shingles, 27, r)81 staves. Total value, 22,188/. [From
Official Paper of 1834, for H.B.]
M M. — An account showing the amount of duty levied
in the Ports of the United Kingdom, and of the
British Colonies and Dominions beyond Sea res-
pectively, upon each article imported from the
North American Provinces, and upon similar arti-
cles imported from Foreign Countries, so far as
relates to the duties levied in the Ports of the
United Kingdom.— 3d Feb. 1838.
Rates of duty levied in the United Kingdom on the
respertii'e articles ichen imported from the British
North American Provinces. — Ashes, pearl and pot,
free ; Corn, Wheat (by 9 Geo. IV. cap. fiO.), when the
average price for the regulation of the duty is under
Cls , 5s. per qr. ; ditto, at or above 61s., 6d. per qr. ;
Wheat Flour, for every barrel of 196 lbs. a duty equal
in amount to the duty payable on 38i gallons of
wheat ; Gypsum, Is. 3d. per ton ; Hides, not tanned,
dry, 2*. 4d. per cwt.; ditto, wet, Is. '2d. ; Honey, Us. ;
Isinglass, 15s. IQd. ; Oil, train. Is. per ton, if of Bri-
tish fishing ; Pitch, 9d. per cwt. ; Skins and Furs
undressed, viz. Bear, 2s. Gd. each; Beaver, 4d.; Calf
and Kip, not tanned, dry, 2s. 4(/. per cwt. ; ditto, wet.
Is. 2(<. ; Deer, Is. per 100; Fisher, 3d. each; Fox,
4d.; Martin, 3d.; Mink, 2d.; Otter, Is.; Racoon,
hi. ; Seal, \d. per dozen, if of British taking ; Wolf,
3d. each ; Wolvering, 6d. ; Spirits, not sweetened, 9s.
per gallon ; Tar, 12s. per last; Tobacco, unmanufac-
tured, 2s. 9(/. per lb.; Wax, Bees, unbleached, 10s.
per cwt. ; ditto, bleached, 1/. ; Whalefins, 11. per ton,
if of British taking ; Wood, viz. Battens (on importa-
tion into Great Britain), 6 and not exceeding 16 feet
long, and not exceeding 2} inches thick, \l. per 120;
ex. 16 and not ex. 21 ft. long, and not ex. 2} in.
thick, \l. 3s.; ex. 21 ft. long, or if ex. 2S in. thick,
21. ; Battens (on importation into Ireland), 8s. 3i/.
per 120 on all sorts; Batten Ends (on importiition
into Great Britain), under 6 ft. long, and not ex, 2J
in. thick, 7s Cd. per 120; under 6 ft. long, and ex.
2 J in. thick, 1.5s. ; Batten Ends (on importation in'o
Irel."^nd), 8s. 3d. per 120 on all sorts; Deals (on im-
portation into Great Britain), 6 a. id not above 16 ft.
long, and not ex. 3^ in. thick, 2/. per 120 ; above 16
and not ex. 21 ft. long, and not ex. 3\ in. thick,
21. 10s. ; 6 and not above 21 ft. long, and ex. 3^ in.
thick, Al. ; ex. 21 ft. long, and not ex. 4 in. iliick, 5/. ;
ex. 21 ft. long, and ex. 4 in. thick, 10/. ; Deals (on
importation into Ireland), 8s. 3(/. per 120 on all sorts;
Deal Ends (on importation into Great Britain , under
6 ft. long, and not ex. 3i in. thick, 15* jicr IfO;
under 6 ft. long, and ex. 3^ in. thick, 1/. 10s.; Deal
Ends (on importation in Iielniu!), 8s. 3d. jicr 120 on
all sorts ; Handspike, under 7 ft. long, 2s. 6(/. jirr
120; 7 ft. long or upwards, 5s.; Litthwood, under
5 ft. long, 15s. per fathom; 5 ft. long or upwards.
U. 5s.; Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits, 6 and under
8 in. in diameter. Is. 6'i. each ; 8 and under 12 in. in
diameter, 4s.; 12 in. in diameter or upwards, lO.y.
per load; Oak Plank, 2 in. thick or ujiwards, l^)s.;
Oars, 19s. fid. per 120 ; Spars, under 22 ft. long, and
under 4 in. in diameter, 9s. jier 120; 22 ft. or up-
wards, and under 4 in. in diameter, 16s. ; 4 and under
6 in. in diameter, 1/. 15s.; Staves, not ex. 36 in.
long, 2s.; above 36 and not ex. .'50 in. long, 4s.;
above 50 and not ex. 60 in. long, 6s ; above 60 and
not ex. 72 in. long, 8s.; above 72 iii. long, IOj'. ;
and not above 3^ in. thick, but if not ex. 1-^ in. thick
one third part only of the above rate is chargeable ;
Timber (eight inches square or upwards), Fir and
Oak, 10s. per load ; other sorts, 5s. ; Wainscot Logs,
8 in. square or upwards, 12s.
Rates of duly levied in the United Kins^dom on
simitar articles when imported from foreign countrifs.
— Ashes, pearl and pot, 6s. per cwt. ; Corn, Wheat,
when the average price for the regulation of the duty
is 66s. and under 67s., 1/. Os. Sd. per (|r. [For cviry
shilling by which the average price falls short of fiCi
an additional duty of Is. is imposed.] When 67!.
and under 68s., 18s. 8./,; when 68s. and under 6ys.,
16s. 8(Z. ; when 69s. and under 70s., 13s. frf. ; when
70s. and under 71s., 10s. 8(/.; when 71s. and under
72s., 6s. 8(/. ; when 72s. and under 73s., 2s. 8./.;
at or above 73s., Is.; Gypsum, 1/. \ls. 8il. per ton ;
Hides, not tanned, dry, 4s. 8d. per cwt.; ditto, wet,
2s. 4'/. ; Honey, 15s. ; Isinglass, 21. Is. 6d. ; Oil, tniin,
26/. 12s. per ton, if of foreign fishing; Pitch, KM.
per cwt. ; Skins and Furs undressed, viz. Bear, 4s. lU.
each ; Beaver, Sd. ; Calf and Kip, not tanned, dry,
4s. Sd. per cwt.; ditto, wet, 2s. 4(Z. ; Deer, Id. each;
Fisher, Cd. ; Fox, Sd. ; Martin, 6d. ; Mink, 4d. ; Otter,
Is. 6(/. ; Racoon, 2d. ; Seal, Is., if of foreign taking;
W'olf, Cid. ; Wolvering, Is. ; Spirits, not sweetened,
1/. 2s. 6(i. per gallon; Tar, 15s. per last; Tobacco,
unmanufactured, 3s. per lb. ; Wax, Bees, unbleached,
1/. 10s. per cwt.^ ditto, bleached, 3/.; Whalefins,
95A per ton, if of foreign taking ; Wood, viz. Battens
(on importation into Great Britain), 6 and not ex-
ceeding 16 feet long, and not exceeding 2J inches
thick, 10/. per 120; ex. 16 and not ex.21 ft. Ion?,
and not ex. 2'i in. thick, 11/. 10s. ; ex. 21 and not ex.
45 ft. long, and not ex. '2'i in. thick, 20/. ; ex. 4.'i It.
long, or above 2} in. thick, 6/., and 2/. 10s. per load;
Battens (on importation into Ireland), 8 and notes.
12 ft. long, and not ex. 3\ in. thick, 8/. 6s. 3i/. per
120 ; ex. 12 and not ex. 14 ft. long, and not ex. 3\
in, thick, 9/. 14s. ; ex. 14 and not ex. 16 ft. lone, and
not ex. 3\ in. thick, 11/. Is. 8i/. ; ex. 16 and not ex.
18 ft. long, and not ex. 3i in. thick, 12/. 9.*. 4(/. ; ex.
18 and not ex. 20 ft. long, and not ex. 31 in. thick,
13/. 17s. 2d. ; ex. 20 and not ex. 45 ft. long, and not
ex. 31 in. thick, 34/. 6s. Id. ; ex. 45 ft. long, or ahove
31 in. thick, 6/., and 21. 10s per load ; Ratten Kiids
(on importation into Great Britain), under 6 It. Ion;;
and not ex. 2i in. thick, 3/. per 120 ; under 6 It. lung
and ex. 2i in. thick, 6/.; Batten Ends (on importa-
tion into Ireland), under 8 ft. long, and not ex .'it
in. thick, 41. 14s. fid. ; under 8 ft. long, if ex. 31 in.
thick, 9/. 3s. li/. ; Deals (on importation into Gnst
Britain), 8 and not above 10 ft. long, and not above
H in. thick, to be used in mines, 8/. 2s. CuL; 6 and
not above 16 ft. long, and not ex. 3i in. thick, I'J/.;
above 16 and not ex. 21 ft. long, and not ex. 3) in.
thick, 2-'/.; above 21 and not -.hove 45 ft. long, ami
not above 31 in. thick, 41/. ; above 45 ft. long, or
above 31 in. thick, 6/., and 21. 10s. per load ; Dials
(on importation into Ireland}, 8 and not ex. lift.
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
67
ts, 6 and under
1 under 12 in. in
r upwards, IOy.
r upwards, IT)*. ;
- 22 ft. long, and
10 ; 22 ft. or up-
fis. ; 4 and under
not ex. 36 in.
in. long, 4s. ;
>. ; above 60 and
ill. long, IOj'. ;
t ex. l^ in. thick
te is chargeable;
wards), Fir and
Wainscot Logs,
long, and not ex. 3i in. thick, 12/. 9s. Hd. per 120;
ex 12 and not ex. 14 ft. long, and not ex. 31 in. thick,
14/. 11*. ; ex. 14 and not ex. 16 ft. long, and not ex.
3J in. thick, 16/. 12s. Gil. ; ex. 16 and not ex. 18 ft.
long, and not ex. 31 in. thick, 18/. 14*. Id.; ex. IS
and not ex. 20 ft. long, and not ex. 31 in. thick,
•201. 1.')*. Id.; 8 and not ex. 20 ft. long, and ex. 3J
in. tliick, 41/. lis. 3;/.; ex. 20 ft. long, and not ex.
4 in. thick, 51/. 9*. 2d. ; ex. 20 ft. long, and ex. 4 in.
ilMck, 100/. 6*. 1(/. ; Deal Ends (on importation into
Great Britain), under 6 ft. long, and not ex. 32 in.
thick, 6/.; under 6 ft. long, and ex. 31 in. thick, 12/.;
Deal Ends (on importation into Ireland), under 8 ft.
long, and not ex. 3i in. thick, 11. Is. 8d. ; under 8 ft.
long, and ex. 3i in. thick, 13/. 14.?. fid. ; Handspikes,
under 7 ft. long, 2s. ; 7 ft. long or upwards, 4*. ;
Lathwood, under 5 ft. long, 4/. 5s. per fathom ; 5
and under 8 ft. long, 6/. I6s. ; 8 and under 12 ft.
long, 10/. 4s.; 12 ft. long or upwards, 13/. 12». ;
Masts, Yards, and Bowsprits, 6 and under 8 in. in
diameter, 8s. each ; 8 and under 12 in. in diameter,
1/. 2s.; 12 in. in diameter or upwards, 2/. 1,5s. per
load; Oak Plank, 2 in. thick or upwards, 4/. ; Oars,
14/. 19s. 3i/. per 120; Spars, under 22 ft. long, and
under 4 in. in diameter, 21. 8s. ; 22 ft. or upwards,
and under 4 in. in diameter, 41, 5s. ; 4 and under 6
in. in diameter, 9/. ; Staves, not exceeding 36 in.
long, \l. 3s.; above 36 and not ex. 50 in. long, 2/. 6s.;
above 50 and not ex. 60 in. long, 3/. ; above 60 and
not ex. 72 in. long, 4/. 4s. ; above 72 in. long, 4/. 16s. ;
and not above 3 in. thick ; Timber (8 in. square or
upwards), Fir and Oak, 21. 15s. per load ; other sorts,
1/. ax. ; Wainscot Logs, 8 in. square or upwards,
21. 1,5s.
N N. — An account of the number and description of vessels employed in the Fisheries of Newfoundland, and
of the quantities offish and of oil, the produce thereof; stating likewise the countries whereto the same
was exported during the year ending 30th June, 1832.
n of Vessels, &c.
Vessels emj
ployed in
ishing.
Descriptic
Number.
Tonnage.
Men.
Bankers . . . (European
!_ Island .....
8
7
497
470
56
49
British European vessels on Labrador
5
562
59
Vessels from Europe .
.
British
Foreign
414
55^/8
3230
Vessels from the Colonies on
the Continent . . h
' British
Foreign
285
20083
1176
Vessels from the West Indies
. . -
' British
Foreign
45
4806
320
Vessels from Foreign A ■.. -a
• . "
' British
_ Foreign
61
3
6916
509
397
25
Island registered vessels ■ i;
-1 sealing . . . Sealing
407
27241
8649
Labrador and coasting
234
16432
3171
Number of men employt-
ing catching and curing
J resident shore fishery, includ-
Total .
■ Spain, Portugal, and Italy quintals
—
—
16273
1509
132794
33405
426673
British Europe . . do.
62359
Quintals of fish exported to •
West Indies . . .do.
British America . do.
Foreign America, North . do.
South do.
Total .
' To British markets . tierces
. To Foreign markets . . do.
Total .
127687
58585
32078
in, 'I
707382
Tierces of salmon exported ■
1383i
1919
3302i
Barrels of herrings cured
3186
Quantity of seal oil made .
tuns
■ Fish, per quintal .
5933i
10s. 9rf.
Salmon, per tierce
62s. 10(i.
Average prices of
Herrings, per barrel
Train Oil, per tun
Us. lOd.
22/. 8s. lOd.
•
•..
Seal Oil, per tun .
•
231.
i
ni
CH
Ari'KNDlX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
OO— THE BRITISH AMERICAN LAND COMPANY. i '■
,;l .11/ ,.j
Copy of the aprrromont rnncliidrd bctwron his Mnjesty's Govemtnrnt and the British Amcvicfln Land Com-
jinny in the yrnr 183:5, with an account of the sums paid by the company under that agreement.
Memorandum of agreement between the Right Honourable Edward Geoffrey Smith Stanley, His Majesty's
principal Secretary of State for the colouial department, on behalf of his Majesty's government on the
one part; and Gcuri^u Richard Robinson, m. p., governor, Natlianicl Gouhi, deputy-governor, Patrick
Maxwell Stewart, m.i'., William Potric Crawfurd, Alexander Gillespie, junior, William Inglis, John
Kirkland, Edward Wilder Mills, .lohn Shuter, Lewis Stride and James Wilson, tlie Court of Directors
nominated and appointed by the mereliants and others who have united together to establish a com-
pany for purchasing, improving, settling and disposing of land in his Majesty's colonics and provinces
ill North America and their dependencies, and for other jiurposes connected therewith, under tht name
of the liritish Anicricai) Land Company, and intended to be incorporated by royal charter, on the other
part.
Wheiras the said court of directors having made application to his Majesty's government to sell, grant
and convey to the said company, for a valuable consideration, certain lands known by the name of crown
reserves, and certain other crown lands situated in the eastern townships of the province of Lower Canada,
as the coinmencoincnt of their O|'eiatioiis, and his Majesty's government having acceded to the said applica-
tion, this memorandum, embodying the terms upon which such sale and grant is to be made, has been con-
cluded between his Majesty's government and the company as follows :
1. Mr. Secretary Stanley, on behalf of his Majesty's government, has agreed to sell, grant and convey to
the said company the crown lands and crown reserves hereinafter described, situated in the eastern town-
ships of the province of Lower Canada, in consideration of the sum of money, and upon the terms and con-
ditions hereinafter mentioned, viz.
The whole of the crown lands in the county of Sberbrooke unsurveyed, and as represented on the plan
hereunto annexed (exclusive of the territory claimed by the United States), supposed to amount to .'i'JO.Iiii.')
acres; the crown reserves and surveyed crown lands in the counties of Sherbrooke, Shefford and Stanstiad,
supposed to amount in all to 251,336 acres: total, B-lV.fifil acres.
Mr. Stanley is willing to take one entire sum of 120,000/. for the whole of these lands, subject to the con-
ditions hereinafter mentioned respecting the clergy reserves ; 75,992/. to be considered as the purchase-money
of the unsurveyed lands 4-4,008/. that of the surveyed lands.
Mr. Stanley considers that he is selling the whole of the before-mentioned crown reserves and surveyed
lands at 3*. 6i/. per acre, and somewhat more than 500,000 acres of the unsurveyed land 3«. per acre, leav-
ing to the company about 90,000 acres as an allowance for any unavailable land which on survey may he
found in the ulock, and it is distinctly understood that no claim can be admitted hereafter on the ground of
lands found unsuitaMe to tlie purposes of the company.
2. His Majesty's government, however, excepts from this sale any town lots or sites already laid out or
reserved as such (not exceeding in the whole 10,000 acres), which his Majesty's government may, at any
time within a period of two years from the date of the charter to be granted to the company, declare its
intention to take up ; and for all or any lots which may be so taken up a corresponding deduction, at the
rate of 3.?. Cul. per acre, shall be made from the amount of the purchase money hereby agreed to be paid by
the said company.
The company shall be debarred from selling any town lots or sites already laid out or reserved, without
giving intimation to his Majesty's government ; and the government on their part shall be bound within a
limited period to announce their decision in regard to such lots.
3. If means can be found of legally accomplishing the object, one-seventh of the unsurveyed lands sold in
; the county of Sherbrooke shall he deemed a sale of clergy reserves, and the purchase money be set apart,
amounting to one-seventh of 75,992/. or 10,850/., which in that case will not be subject, like the rest, to
the condition that one-half be expended in public works and improvements, as hereinafter mentioned in
clause G. But this moditication of the sale will be dependent on the practicability of executing this arrnn;;"-
ment ; and unless its practicability be secured within one twelvemonth from the present date, no such mo-
dification shall have effect.
4. One-tenth part of the whole purchase-money (including the portion proposed to be treated as the
price of a sale of clergy reserves) shall be paid within 12 months from the date of the charter. The payments
of the remaining amount to be completed within JO years from t!ic same date, and in the meantime to hear
interest at the rale of four per cent, per annum ; the company, however, having the option of aiuicipating
the whole or any jiart of the payments.
.5. The payments shall bo made to such officer, connected with the receipt of the crown revenues in the
said province of Lower Canada, as his Majesty's government shall from time to time appoint to receive tin;
same, and a receipt under the hand and seal of such officer, attested by one witness, shall be a good niul
sufficient discharge to the said company for every sum of money acknowledged in any such receipt to Iwve
been received by the officer granting the same. And for obviating any doubt as to the proper ollicer into
whose hands such money is to be paid, notice will be given by his Majesty's government, informing them
of the officer who may be appointed to discharge this duty and grant the proper receipts.
And upon producing to the governor-in-chief or officer administering the government of the province a
receipt, signed, scaled and attested as abovementioned, a grant will be issued to the said company for such a
jiortion of the lands as may be e((uivalent to the purchase money actually paid. And every such grant shuil
be made to the said company gratuitously without any fee of office, demand or duty being due or paxahle to
any public officer for preparing, expediting, sealing and issuing the same.
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
69
To prevent unnecessary tmiible, tlie company shall not be entitled to require a grant to be made out for
any portion of land less than .'),000 acres.
G. One- half of the money so to be paid by the company shall be expended, at the discretion and on tlie
sole responsibility of His Majesty's Secretary of State, on public works and improvements in that part of the
province of Lower Canada in which the land sold to the company is situate. Hut His Majesty's Govern-
ment will always be ready to receive any suggestions of the eoni])any for expending this moiety. Hy the
terms public works and im|)rovements will be understood canals, bridges, high roads, market-houses, court-
liouses, school- houses, the erection of churches and parsonage houses, the clearing and improvement of glebe
lands, and any other works undertaken and calculated for the common use and benefit of His Majesty's sub-
jects, in contradistinction to works intended for the use and accommodation of private persons.
7. His Majesty's Government will instruct the Governor-in-Chief or officer administering the government
of the province of Lower Canada to direct the proper departments of the provincial government to furnish
the company with maps and diagrams, showing the situation of the lands hereby agreed to be sold, without
any fee of office, demand or duty being due or payable to any public officer for the same ; His Majesty's Go-
vernment will also instruct the Governor-inChief or officer administering the government to facilitate the
inquiries of the servants of the company.
Signed by Mr. Secretary Stanley, Downing-street.
(signed) E. G. Stanley.
Signed by Nathaniel Gould, chairman of a General Court of Proprietors, in pursuance of a resoluti.m
passed this day, 1, Freeman's-court, Cornhill, 3d December, 1833.
(signed) Natkiiniel Gould, Depy. Govr.
Chairman of the Court of Proprietors.
Supplementary Article of Agreement between the Right Honourable Thomas Sjirim;: Rice, His Majesty's
Principal Secretary of State for the Colonial Department, on behalf of His Majesty's Government on the
one part, and Gcor^a Richard Roldnsnn, m. p., Governor, Nuthnnicl Gould Deputy-governor, Vatiirk
Maxwell Stewart, m. p., John Peter lioilenu, junior, William Petrie Crawford, liu.isell FAtice, Alexander
Gil/espie, junior, John Kirhlivl, Edward H'heeler Mills, John Shuter, fjcwis Strile, ami James IVil.ion,
the Court of Directors of the British American Land Company, on behalf of that Company, on the
other part.
With reference to the sixth article of the memorandum of agreement between His Majesty's Government
and the company of the third day of December last, which stipulated that one half of the iiurchase-money to
be paid by the company shall be expended in the public works and improvements therein mentioned ; it is
further agreed between the parties,
That the company are to prepare, at their own expense and charges, the plans and estimates of the works
to be undertaken, whether proposed by Government or the company, and submit the same to the governor
or person administering the government of the province of Lower Canada.
If the governor or person administering the government approve of the contemplated undertaking, either
as originally submitted or as amended upon consideration, the company will then be authorized by the gover-
nor or person administering the government, to expend such sum as may be determined upon under any
instructions that may be considered necessary.
The company will thereupon proceed with the undertaking, and on its completion lay before the governor
or person administering the government, a statement of the actual expense incurred in effecting it, with the
vouchers, and if he is satisfied, the company will then either receive payment of the amount, if there is
money in the hands of government belonging to the Improvement Fund, provided by the sixth article of the
memorandum of agreement before referred to, or be allowed credit for the amount in the next ensuing pay-
ment of the purchase-money, according as it may have been previously arranged. It is understood that the
company are to make no charge for or on account of their officers superintending the undertaking, or expend-
ing the money in the manner authorized by the governor or person administering the government.
In case of such protracted differences of opinion between the governor or person administering the govern-
ment and the company, on the mode of laying out the amount to be expended on public works, as shall appear
to the governor or person administering the government to render any further attempt to conclude a mutual
agreement in the colony useless, the question shall be referred to the Secretary of State, whose decision shall
be final.
Signed by Mr. Secretary Spring Rice, Downing-street, 6th August, 1834.
T. Spring Rice.
Signed by Nathaniel Gould, Chairman of a Court of Directors, in pursuance of a resolution to that effect,
4, Harge-yard, Bucklersbury, Oth August, 1834.
Nathaniel Gould, Deputy- Governor,
Ghairman of tfie Court of Directors.
Amount paid by the British American Land Company, under the agreement with His Majesty's Govern-
ment of 3d December 1833 : —
20th March, 183.5. First Instalment, without interest, C.OOOZ. ; 20th March 1836, second instalment,
with two years' interest at four percent, 6,480/. ; 20th March 1837, third instalment, with three years' inte-
rest at four per cent, 6,720<. ; total, 19,200/. ; expended by the company on public wo^ks within their land,
in conformity with the supplementary article of 6th August, 1831, 1 .'1,7.54/. ; grand tot.il, 34,954/.
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APPKNniX 111.— NORTH AMERICA.
The above is presumed to lie a correct statement of the sums paid by the British American Land Company.
As, howovcr, no late accounts on the siihjict have been received from the Earl of Gosford, His Lordship has
been directed to furnish a rc';i()rf foitluvith.
Downing-strect, 1st April 1837. , , , ,,,, ,,,|.,
The British American I and Company has its locution in the Eastern Townships, or English Lower Canada,
which, situated on the south side of the St. Lawrence, between 4.') and 40^ N. lat , and 71 and 7.'J west
long., and divided into eight comities or parts of counties : these again arc subdivided into about one hundred
thousand townships cstiiuated to contain between five and six millions of acres.
The Britisli American Land Company is incorporated and estal)lished by a royal charter, dated at West-
minster the 'JOth March, I8.'M, and an Act of Parliament, to which the roynl assent was given on the 22d
May following. The capital of the company is declared in the charter to be ,'!00,0()0/., held in f),000 shares
of ftOt. each, but with power to the proprietors to increase it to ("lOO.OOO/. : — of this capital a deposit oC.U.
per share has been paid by the proprietors, and upon [myment of a call of .')/. per share, which has been made
by the directors, and falling due on the 1st December next, the capital paid up will amount to 48,O0OA By
a clause in the charter the proprietors are to receive interest on the capital advanced by them, at the rate of
4 per cent, per annum.
The objects for which the company ha? been established, and the powers conferred on it, arc declared by
the charter; namely, for the i)urpose of purchasing and cultivating Waste Lands, &c. in Lower Canada,
Tipper Canada, Nova Scotia, New lirunswick. Prince Edward's Island, and the Island of Newfoundland, in
North America, and their ncpendeneies, and in or upon any such land, to make, erect and build roads, drains,
bridges, and other internal communications, houses, schools, chaiiels, mills, wharfs, and other buildings and
works necessary or expedient for the occupation, planting, and profitable cultivation or improvement of
any such lands &c., to ojien, search for, win and work in or under any of their said lands any mines, pits,
beds, veins and seams of copper, tin, lead, iron, iron ore, stones, clay and all other ores, minerals, metals,
metallic substances, matters and products, other than and except gold and silver, and also other than and
except coal and culm, unless such coal and culm should be granted or demised to them at any time or times
hereafter by His Majesty, Ilis heirs or successors, or should be by them acquired from any person or per-
sons who should have lawfully consented thereto, &c. &c.
In pursuance of these ol'jects the Company have purchased from His Majesty's Government as the com-
mencement of their undertaking, nearly a million of acr';s situated in the three most southerly counties of the
Eastern Townships, viz. SheH'ord, Stanstcad, and Sherbrookc, and have made arrangements for the sale of the
same to settlers already in the country, and to emigrants who intend to proceed to Canada.
The lands ottered for sale by the Company are of different descriptions.
1. Crown Reserves and surveyed Lands. 300,000 acres and upwards in the surveyed parts of the coun-
ties of Shettbrd, Stanstcad and Sherbrooke.
These lands are situated for the most part in detached lots or farms of 200 acres each, scattered through-
out the settled parts of the country, and from their contiguity to villages, mills, shops, schools, and churches,
are exceedingly eligible for settlement. In many of the townships, several of tl.ose lots lie together, so that
settlers and emigrants may purchase larger farms from 400 to upwards of 1,000 acres in extent. Besides
these detached lots the Company have for sale several blocks of surveyed land, which are well suited to
parties who may be desirous to possess large properties. [See Colonial Library, 2d Edition, vol. I., Canada,
for a full account of this Company.]
§■' \'
PP.— THE CANADA COMPANY,
is incorporated by Royal Charter, under the provisions of an Act of Parliament passed in 1826, with a sub-
scribed capital of 100,000/. sterling.
The company contracted with the government for the purchase of the fine Huron tract, comprising about
1,100,000 acres, and situate on Lake Huron; other lands such as crown reserves, and school arid church
lands have also been purchased by thecompany, amounting in thewholeto 2,484,413 acres, the total amount
of purchase money being 348,680/., of which about 120,000/. have been paid up to the 3lst December, 1833,
and 20,000/. is paid annually to Government until the year 1842, when the whole sum will have been liqui-
dated. 4.'),000/. of the purchase money for the Huron tract, is to be expended in improving the company's
own lands in the Huron tract, or county.
Nearly half p. million of acres of land have been sold by the company, producing 210,000/., upwards of half
a million acres have been jiaid for by the company, and not yet sold, leaving 1,400,000 acres unpaid for,
and of course unsold. Not more than 18/. has been paid on each share, which is now, however, worth 50/.
and may be naturally expected to be doubled in a few years, as the colony of Upper Canada advances in
prosperity.
The rate at which the company have sold some fine lands in the Huron county in 1834, averaged Is. 8d.
per acre, and 50,000 acres of crown reserves brought 13*. per acre.
The rate at which the Canada Company first purchased land was 3s. Cd. average per acre, which was then
considered high. The terms on which their lands (of which they have allotments in every township in the
province) are sold, are one fifth down and the remainder in five annual instalments, bearing five per cent
interest.
APPENDIX III.-\OUTII AMERICA.
CANADA COMPANY'S CHARTER OF INCORPORATION. [IHtu \vr.v-*T, If*i>r,.]
11
■llri (jlf
ai'.itnoK tlio Foiirtli, !)>• tlic (irnoc of fiod, of ttic Uiilti'd Klnploni I'f (iroat llrit.nin nnd IrcHiwI, Kiiiir, lli'feiKli'r of the
I'niHi, and sotnrrli, To all to wlioni I'm-c |irt"('iits shall coiiu' ^'nrliiiH:: Wlicii'as, in and liya rortain Act of Parliament nmile
anil iiassc'd in tlio sixth year of onr n'ij,-n, rntlllnl, " An Act to enable His Majesty to prviit to a (dnipany, to he incorporated
hy Charter, to he called 'The t'aniila Compajiy,' certain Lands in the rnninee of I'pper Canada, and to invest the said
Company with certain Powers anil Privileges, and for other Pnrposes rclatiiiir thereto :" After recitinp, anionK«.t other ttiinrs,
that di/i'rs persons had united toijether to cstahlish a eonii)any for pnrchasini;, iniprovni^', srtlllntr, and dispoiintr of certain
lands in the province of I'pper Canada, ai\d for other lawlnl purposes j nnil.in onlrrto curry into elfect the pnrpoves aforc'^ald,
liail suhscriheil a capital of one leillion pounds stevlinur, npon which th.' niii of ten |"n\nils pi r ecntnin had hecn paid hy the
■•everal snhscrihers, ami had Imnilily he-ou;;ht ns to (crant to thcni a el\artcr of ineorporalir.n : It was enacted. That in case
we shonld, within three years alter the iiaKsinjr of that net, he pleased, hy elmrter of incorpcralion under the crcat i-eal of
(Ireat llritain and Ireland, to declare and trrnut that such ami so many persons as slionld he named tin rein, and all and every
iuch other person or [icrsons as from time to time should he iliily admitt'd meml-.crs into their ccrp. nation, should he a liody
pnlitie and crporate hy the name of " The Canada Comiiany," and to declire that the saiil corporation so to he made nml
created shonUI he estalilished f:r the purpose thereinhel'ore mentioned, and lor (-neh other lawlnl purposes as to us ndrht
mem meet ; then, ami in that case, it should and ni!(;ht he lawful forthe said cori)erati.in to hold to them nml their successors
such lands, tenements, and hereditaments, within tlie provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Cnnnila as should or miirht ho
(,-runted hy us to them and their successors within the said provinces, or as ^snh.ieet to the restrictiius hereinafter mentioned)
slKHdd lie cimtraeted for ami purehnseil or aeqnireil hy them therein, and to hold, alienate, sell, nml dispose of all such Inmls,
tenements, and hereditaments upon, under, and snlijcet to sueli cou('itions, provisos, liuiitations, and restrictions as we hy
such our charter niii,'ht impose, ilirect, or prescrihe : and further provi: ions were in ami hv the said act of parlian\cnt made
for rnisinj; the capital of the said Company and lransferrin(!: the siir.rcs, nml for other m;;itcrs tn>.-"in mentioned.
Now kienv ye, that uiion the prayer of the several persons hereinafter named, and others, as a So of our especial (rraoe,
certain knowledtre, and mere motion, we have Kiven, granted, made, ordained, const tnted, dcelareu, and a|ii)ointed, and hy
these presents, lor us, (n\r heirs and successors, do tjive, j;raut, make, ordain, constitute, declare, am. appoint, that Charlen
Cosamiuet, Es(|., VVilliani Williams, ICsij., Itibert Uiddulph, Ksip, Kicliard Ulaushard, F.-(|., Kohert Downie, E.-<i., John
Eastluipe, Estp, Kdward FUiee, E-(|., James William I'leshtlcld, Es(|., J<dni Ftdlarton, Ksip, John (lalt, lisip, Charles Daviil
Onrdon, Es(|., William Hihhert 'the yonuKcr', Fsip, John llodi^'-on, Ksii., John Ilnllett, Es(|., Hnrt '.o^an, Ks(|., Simon
M'tiiUivrny, Esip, James Mackillop, Esip, John Masterman, E-ip, Martin Tucker .Smith, lCs(|., nnd liciny L'shorne, Ks<|.,
tecether with such and so many other pen;iwi or persons, hodies politic or eori)orate, as have heecine or shall at any time
herealter heeome, suhscriliers or shareholders of or for the capital stock hereinafter mentioned in manner hereinalter
provided, and their respective successors, executors, administr.ators, nnd assiirns^ aiH[ such other perso i or persons, hoilies
politic or corporate, as shall from lin\e to time he possessed of or entitled to such sliares as are hereinalter provided, shall he
one body politic and corporate in deed and in name, by the name of " The Canada Cnm|)any," nnd hy that luune shall and
may sue nml be sued, implead and he impleaded, in all courts, whether of law or C'luity, and shall have perpetmU succession
with a common seal, which may hy them he changed or varied at their pleasure.
And we do declare, that the said corporation shall he nnd is established forthe purpose of purchasing, holding, improviii),',
elearinK', settliu);:, and di>posinf; of waste and other latuls in our iirovince of Upper Cauatla, nml for making; advances of
c.i|iitnl to settlers on such lands, for the opening, making, improvini-r. ami maintainiu)^' roads and other internnl eonnuuni-
cathms for the benefit thereof, and for promotiuii: the enltivatimi of such articles as can advautajreiaisly he exi)orteil from
the said province, and for the other purposes hereinafter Uientioned, with all such powers, privileges, nnd autliorilies as are
in and hy the said act of parliament contained and expressed.
And we do further declare and ordain, that the present capital or joint-stock of the said Company, to he used and applied
in estahlisliint? and carryin); on the said undcrtakioff and for the pnrpiiscs aforesaid, shall he a sum of not excee<linif one
million poiuuls sterling, to be raised in shares of one humired pounds each, nnd that the shares in the said nndertakinjf ami
iii the profits and advanta|?cs thereof, shall he and be deemed personal estate, and as such persou.al estate shall he trans-
niissihle aeeordiuKly.
And we do further declare nnd ordain, that all nnd every (lerson and persons, bodies politic nr coriiorate, hy or from
whom any subscription shall he made or aceeiited, or any payment made purs\iant to the provi-ions herein contained for
that purpose, for or towards the raisin); of the said capital sum of one million pounds as aforesaid, his, her, or their successors,
executors, administrators, .and assiirns, respectively (no such sidiscripticui beinir less than one luuKlred pomuls) shall have
and he entitled to a share of and in the said capital or joint-stock of the said Company, in pri)p('rli(m to the monies whieli he,
she, or they shall have so contriliuted towards making up the same, and shall have .and !e entiiled to a proiHirtionahle share
of the jirofits and advanta;;es attending the capital stock of the said Company, and shall he admitted to be a proprietor or
liroprietors of and in the same.
And we do further declare and ordain, that the said Company, or the Directors to he api)oiuted by virtue of this our
charter, sh.all cause the names and desi!,'uations of the several persons and bodies pidilie and corporate who have subscribed
for or may at any time hereafter he entiiled to a share or shares in the said Company, with the number of such share or
shares, and also tiie proper inmdier by which every share shall be distinguished, to he fairly and distinctly entered in a book
or books to be kept by their clerk or secretary.
And we ilo furtiier declare nml ordain, that the several persons, hodies politic nr corp!>rnte, who have subscribed for and
towards the said eai)ital, or who shall at any time hereafter h.-ive or hold any share or .hare- in the same, shall, and they are
hereby reqnin <1 to pay the sum or sums of money hy them respectively subscribed, or such parts or portions thereof as shall
from time to time he called for, pursuant to or by virtue of the powers and directlfais of this our charter, at such limes and
places to such pen-on or persons, and in such manner as shall be ordered and directed by any Court of Directors, for the
tinte hehiir, of the said Company. And in eve nny person or persons, bodies pcdilie or corpor.at. 'hall ncKleet or refuse to
pay any such sums of money at such times and in "^uch maimer as .sli.il! he ordered and directed by the Court of Directors as
afore ;aid, it sli.ill be lawful lor the said Company to sue for and recover the same, together with lawful interest from such
npiioiuted time of payment, from sreh per.~i u or persons, hodies iiolitic or corporate, or in cases where two or more persons,
hedies politic or e(n-porate, shall have jointly subscribed for or be join'ly possessed of nny one or imire share or shares In the
said Company, Ihen from all, nny, or either of such iiersons, bodies polirie or corporate.
And we ilo further declare and ordain, that whenever two or nuire persmis, hodies politic or eori'or.ate, shall he jouitly
pnsscssed of or entitle<l to any shiire or shares in the said Company, tlu- person wliose name sh.all stand first in the books of
the said Company ns proprietor of siudi share or sliares, shall, for all the imrposes of the said Com|)any and this our charter,
he deemed and taken to be the owner or proprietor of such share or shares ; nnd all notices reipiired to be given to the
owner or iiroprietor of any share or shares in the said Company, shall ami may be given to or served upon such person or
luuly whose name shall so stand tirst in the books of the said Company, and sueli service upon such person or body shall lie
deemed and taken to be a service iiiam all the owners or proprietors of such share or shares for all the purposes for which
such service is intended to be made npon the owners or proprietors of such share or shares, and all such owners or pro.
Iirietors shall he entitled to give their vote or votes in respect thereof hy the |ii ison or body whose name shall stand tirst in
the hooks of the Company as such proprietor of such share or shares, and bis vote shall on all occasions he deemed and
allowed to be the vote f(<r or in respect of the wliole iiroperty in such share or shares, without proof of the concurrence of
the other proprietor or liroprietors of such share or shares.
And we do further order, declare, nnd ordain, that it shall he lawful fi'r the several proprietors of the said Company, their
executors, successors, and assigns, to sell and transfer any share or sli ires of whieli tliey shall respectively he possessed, and
every such transfer sliall or nuiy be in the form and to the elleet follow ing, that is to say, [1 or wej
of ill ci.iisideratiin of paid to [me or us]
hy <,f <lo hereby b.ar.'rain, sell, assign, nnd tran-ler unto the
said the sum of capit^l stock of nnd i'l the undertaking called
tlie Canada Company, being [sliaie or shares] [unmher or nunibersj in the said undertaking, to hold to the
V J.'
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72
APPKN'mX III.— NORTH AMF.RICA.
1
Bald rxccMitdrH, n(lmini''trator«, or assl^'iis, suhjcct to the Mnmc n Ics, ordcrR, and ri'Kiil.itiuns'
and on tlie game conditions tliat fl or wc] tirld t\w M;in\c iiiimcdiati'ly hoforu the execution liircof : and LI or wc) the naiil
do herehy airree to nrcept nnd take tlie iiild [sliare or Hlmri".)
Bul)Jert to tlie same rules, orders, retrnlations, nnd conditions. As witness our hands and seals this
day of in the year of onr Lord Or sneh transfers t^hall
l)c in some other convenient form, to he devi-<ed l)y the said company. And every such transfer shall he under the hand or
hands of the member or mi'mhers trnnsfcrrintr such share or shares, or of sonic person or jiirsons lawfully authorized hy
liiui, her, or them for that iiurpose, under which tran-^fer the person or jjcrsons, hodlcs ptilitic or coriKirate, to whom such
transfer shall lie expressed to l)e made, or some other person hy him. Iicr, or them lawfully authorizeil, shall sIru his, her,
or their name or names, sit;nifyinir tlie accei)tance of such transfer, wldcti said transfer shall he maile and enterc d in a
Itook to he kept hy the said Oinpany for that pur|)ose, for which a fee shall he pniil to and for the use of the Company, not
cxceediiur ten shillings for each share transferred, tii he from time to tliiu> fixed hy tlie said Court of DIreelors, in addition
to the stamp duty, iinyahie in respect of such transfer; and that such transfer, sii to he executed as aforesaid, sliall efl'ect
tlie transfer of such share or sliarcs, and shall convey the whole estate and interest tlierein of the person or persons .so
transferrin); or anthoriziii); the same to he transferred to tlie person or jiersons, boilies politic or {•orporate, so takiii); or
neceptliiK the same, which person or pcr-ons, hodies pohtic or corporate, shall thcrehy fortliwith hecome in all respects
memhersof the said Company, in respect of such share or shares, in tlie place of such person or persons so traiisferrinir tlie
same, or authori/.iii)!: the same to he tranferred, and that until such transfer sliali lie made and entered in such hunk, in
manner atores.iid, no person or persons claimintt' an interest in any such share or shares hy purchase or otherwise, sliall be
deemed the proprietor or proprietors of such share or shares, or shall he entitled to any dividend or liehellcial interest in
the said ea|)it;il stock in re^pect thereof, nor until six eilendar months aflcr such transfer sli-iU nave heen made he entitled
to vote at any mectintf or meetinrs as proprietor or pr'piietiTs of tlie said C'<impany in respect of such share or slii.iis, and
a copy of such trail.' fer, extr.icted from tlie said hook wlwrein the name is made, and entered, and si(;ned hy the said clerk,
Fccietary, or other otiicer of the said Company, duly authori/ed thereto, shall he suflicient evidence of every sueli transfer,
and he ailniitted and he rcciived .as such.
Provided always, and we do further order, declare, and ordain, th.it after any call for money shall have heen made and
hec(mie due and imyalde hy \irtue of this onr charter, no person or persons, hodies politic or corporate, '^hall sell or transfer
any share <ir shares which lie, she, or they shall possess in the said stock of the sai.l Company, until the money so called for
in resi.ect of his, her, or their share or shares intended to be sold shall he paid ; and until such nioiicy so called for shall lie
paid, any sucli sale or transfer of any i hare or shares shall he void, and all and every person and iiersoiis, body politic and
corporate, niaUimr default therein, shall he subject nnd liable to forfeit such his, her, or their share or shares in the said
Company, to and for the general benefit of the said Comiiaiiy, unless he, she, or they shall at the time of such sale or
transfer pay to the hanker of the said Cimipany, or such person or persons ns tlie Court of Directors, for the time heiiiu,
shall appoint to receive the same, the full sum of money called for upon every sliare so to be s<ild or transferred, such fir-
feiture nevcrtlieless to he first notified and declared in mnnner directed hy tins charter, with respect to forfeiture of shares
for not answerinu the calls to he made thereon as aforesaid.
And we do further declare and ordain, that when any person or persons shall claim any part or share in the said
capital or joint stock of the said Company, or the profits thereof, in riitht of marrinire, an aflidavit or solemn attinnalioii by
Quakers of siicli marriage, enntaininfi: a verified copy of the register of sncli marria^'e, or the jmrport of such ret;ister, shall
be made and sworn to, or afiirmcd, or made hy some credible person, before one of our justices of the pence, or before a
judtfc of some court of record in the United Kinirdom, or in any of our colonies or settlements abroad, or before simie person
duly (|ualilied to admini.ster an oath if in any other country, and shall be delivered to and left with the clerk, secretary, or
otiier proper officer, for the time beiiip, of the said Company, appointed for that purpose, who shall presene the same and
make an entry thereof in the hook or hooks which sliall he kept by the said clerk for the entry of transfers nnd sales of
phares in the said Company, before such person or persons shall he entitled to sell or assign any sliare or shares, or to
clahn payment of any dividend or dividends in respect thereof, or to vote as tiie proprietor of such share or shares j and when
any person or persons shall claim any iiait or share in the capital or joint stock of tlie said Company, or the profits thereof,
TiiiUcr or by virtue of any will or heqiiest <'r in a course of administration, tlie prolate copy of the will or the letters of
adniinistratioii, in case the iiroprietor shall have died intestate, shall he iiroduced and shown to the said clerk, secretary, or
other otlleer aloresaid, wlio shall make an entry of such will, or of so much thereof as shall relate to the disposition of the
(hare or shaves (^f tlie testator or of the letters of ndininistration, in case the proprietm- shall have died intestate hefoiv any
person or persons shall be entitled to sell and assign sucli share or shares, or to claim payment of any dividend or dividends
in respect tiiereof.
rro\ ided nevertheless, that no hciiucst, clause, matter, or tliinp, in any sueli will contained, s'lali bind or affect the
said Company with notice of niiy tru.st or disposition of any share or shares in the capital or joint stocl: of the said Coiii|iaiiy,
or the sains and profits thereof, hut the retjistry of every siich share or shares shall be in the name or names of the executor
or executors, who shall prove the will of such testator, or the administrator or admijiistrators of his e.fccts, whose receipt
or receipts to the said Company for the trains and profits tiiereof, and to any purchaser <ir purciiasers for the amount of tlic
pnrchivse money paid upon the sale and eonveyance of such share or shares, shall be );ood and eftcctual, and shall bind the
cestuiqne trusts and all other persons claiminj; in trust or otlierwise uikK r such testator.
And we do further declare and onlain, that the Directors hereinatter mi iitioiied, or the Directors for the time bcinir, or
such ol them as shall be present at and constitute a Court of Diroetors, or the major part of them, shall have full power to
make such call or calls for money from the sevcr.al subscribers and proprietors for the time beiiifr of th-: said Conipany, tlicir
respective executors, administrators, .successors, and assigns, not excecdin;r in the whole the sun- of one hundred pnmiils
on each of the shares of and in the capital stock of the .said Conipany lield hy iiim, her, "r them respectively, as the said
Court of Directors shall from time to time find wanting and necessary for the purposes ot e saiil Conipany, so that no one
such call do exceed the sum often poniuls sterling; for or in respeit of any one sliare of one hundred pounds, and so that no
call or calls he made but at the distance of three months at least from another, and the sum or the several sums of money
so to he called for shall he paid to the bankers of the said Conipany for the time bcini;, or to such otlier person or persons
and at such time and place as shall be appointed hy the said Court of Directors, ot wliith time and place twenty days
previous notice at least shall be Kiven in the London (iazette, and in such two or more of the daily London newspapers as
the said Court of Directors shall direct.
And we do further declare ami ordain, that if any suhscrihcr or any proprietor or proprietors of any share or shares in
the said Company, his, her, or their executors, administrators, successors, or assitrns, shall iieKleet or refuse to pay ills, her,
or their part or portion of tlie money to be e;Uled for by the Court of Directors as aforesaid, during thj space of six eaUndar
months next alter the time appointed for payment tiiereof, together with lawful interest from the appointed time of pay-
ment, tlien and in every such case such person or persons, bodies politic or corporate, so neglecting or relushig, shall aliso-
lutely forfeit all his, lier, or their sliare or shares in tlie said company, and all profits and advantages thereof, and all money
theretofore advanced by him, her or them on account thereof to and for the use and benefit of the said conipany ; ami all
shares which shall or may be so forfeited slu'll or may at any time or times thereafter he sohl at a public sale for the most
money that can he gotten for the same, and tin- product thereof shall go to ar-d m.ake part of the capital stock of the said
company ; and sueli share or shares forfeited and sold shall be assigned and transferred to the purchaser by an ins'riinient
under the common seal of the said company, in tlie manner required upon other transfers of any share or shares, but no
advantage shall he taken of such forfeiture of any share or shares until tlie same shall be declared to be forfeited at some
general or special meeting of the .said proprietors, which shall lie liehl not earlier than six calendar months next alter the
saiil forfeiture shall hapiien, and that every such forfeiture so folic declared shall be an absidute indemnification anil dis-
charge to and for the jiroprietor or proprietors, or his, her, or their executors, administrators, successors and assigns, so
forleiting against all actions, suits, nnd prosecutions, from all liabiUty in respect thereof, and for any breach of contract or
other agreement between such [iroprietor or pr'iprietors, his, her or their executors, adiiiini.itrators, siiece sors, and assigns,
and the said company in respect ol such share or shares with regaril to the future carrying rjii and management ot the said
company.
And for the bettor ordering, manajrint;, and goveining the affairs of the said company, and for making and esta-
hllihln^ a c(
for ii«, and r
appoint, tlia
«nid Compai
after mcntio
PIreetorii, o
illrecting in
cald Charles
the said Ro
David fiordi
John Mndtei
llnaanquet a
Wilson Esq.
other direct!
day of Marc
shall be duly
fled as hcrei
and the pcrsi
Directors, an
And wc (
to manpf^e ar
to consist of
the Company
time to time
and inatruetir
provided alwi
of the aaid co
in the said pn
said commiss
peace shall pc
cumraunicate
matters, and t
And we d
n-cmbcra nnd
place or plac
by-laws, rules
concerning th
in two or nior
Lnmiun. at lei
pany, or ao mi
court shall a»'
being so duly i
time to time
Wednesday alt
and twenty-n
and auditors o
the votes of nl
and of all bodi
he entitled to \
that is to say,
every holder o(
three votes, an
and auditors si
and in manner
of such direct)
be determined
that one-third c
with the said i
aim one Audito
for the time bci
any other office
place during tt
nine, the direct
Wednesday afte
fur that purpose
the said directo:
by rotation shal
f'lurteen days 1
shall not be inc
or one thousanr
til go out of o«
if otherwise pro
elected and chos
other director, o
auditor diing, i
llic governor, d
serve; provided
election it shall
directors to be c
their vote or bal
such election, fi
directors shal) t
lie or they shall
or tlirectcrs shall
for which he or (
office of director
And we do fur
sors, and will an
other director, oi
alized subject of
more of the capil
otlices longer thi
I ri'Klll.lttnll'-'
we) the M»iil
je or slmri-.l
TRnsfcrs xhall
tlio liiuiil iir
uitliDri/.i'd liy
I) wliiim such
siKii til^i liiT,
fiitcrid In a
„'()inimny, not
■s, ill iidilitiiin
il, sliall ctrcit
ir IRTSOIIS so
, H(i takiiii; or
II all R'spccts
itisfcrriiii,' till'
such IxKik, ill
wist", sliall ho
ml iiitrrest in
do lie I'lititlcd
ir slri.ns, and
lie said ck rk,
riiicli traiistVr,
'cii made and
cU (ir transiVr
y so L'tUUd Inr
■il lor sliall hv.
dy piilitic and
es ill the said
f siifli sale or
ic time tii'intr.
rod, siirli f. r-
tiirc of sliaios
re in the said
atlirmatidii liy
ri'Kisti'r, shall
;e, or bol'ori" a
esonio porsiiii
, secretary, nr
the same and
I's and sales nf
• shares, or to
res i aii(l when
[irotits tliereof.
the letters of
;, secretary, or
losition (il the
ate lielore any
d or divideiuls
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
73
or affect the
iaid Conipaiiy,
the exeeid<ir
I'-ise reeeipt
imoiiiit of (lie
.h.d! hind the
me lieinir, or
full power to
onipaiiy, tlnir
ndred pounds
as the said
that no one
nd so that no
ins of money
on or persons
twenty days
lewspapers as
e or shares in
pay his, lier,
if six eaU'iidar
time of pay-
_. shall ahso-
uul all money
pany i »'"' *"
for the most
■k of the said
111 iiis'rmnent
lares, lint no
■ilod at sumo
next alter the
.tioii and dis-
l assigns, so
)f eoulraot or
. and assicns,
lit of the said
ng and esta-
hllahlng: n contlniml siicccRnIon of peraonH tn be directors and aulitora of the said corporation ; we do hy these iire^cnt',
for ii«, and our helra, and micccssorH, grant unto the said Company and their successors, and we do hereby ordain nnil
appoint, that there Hlinll he from time to time constituted. In manner hereinafter mentioned, out of the nieinbcrs of the
»alri Company, a Governor and a Dcpnty-ftovcrnor, who sliall also he Directors, and sixteen other Directors as herein
after mentioned, and four Anditors of the said Company, and a Secretary, which (iovcrnor, Dcputv-fioveriior, and other
PIrecfors, or any five of fheni, shall constltiite and he called a C"urt of Directors for the ordering, mananinB. and
dlreeHnB in the manner and under the provisions hcrelnalter contained the affiirs of the said Company j iind that the
said Charles llosaiiqnet shall he the first Governor, and the said William Williams shall he the first Dcimty tiovernor,
the said Robert lllddiilph, Ricliard Hlanshard, Robert Downie. John Kasthope, Kdward EHlee, John I'lillerton, Charlet
Davirt Gordon, William Hibbert, junior, John Hoduson, John lliillef. Hart Logan, Simon M'(iilllvruy, James Mackillop,
John Maateriimn, Martin Tucker .Smith, and Henry Ushorne shall bo the first Director-', In addition to the said Cliarle*
Hosanquet and William Williams, and that Thomas Starllnii: UeiiBon, K-n., Thomas I'oynder, junior, Ks(|., Thomas
Wilson Esq., and John Woolley, Esq., shall bo the first auditors ; and that the said (iovernor, Ueputy-Governor, and
other directors, and auditors, shall continue In their respective odices until the first Wednesday after the twenty-flltli
day of March, which will he In the year of onr Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine, and until other*
shall be duly elected in their respective oflSces, unless they or any of them sliall sooner die, reiliirn, or bociimo disqnall-
fled as hereinafter mentioned, which election shall he had and made in manner hereinafter in that behalf provided i
and the persons then so elected to such ollices shall be in the placeii of the first Uuvernor, Deputy-Governor, other
Directors, and Auditors.
And we do by these presents further ordain, constitute, and appoint, that it shall be competent to the said Company
to manag:e and conduct the affairs of the said Company In the province of lJ|iper Canada hy a board of commissioners,
to consist of two or more persons resident In Upper Canada, with such powers and authorities to cont'ict for and hint!
the Company to such extent and subject to such rcstrletions as the Court of Directors of the said cor ii,any shall from
time to time determine, and such commissioners shall in all things conform themselves to such directions, regulations,
and instructions as shall from time to time be communicated to them by the Court of Directors of the said company,
provided always that such restrictions as shall be imposed by the said Court of Directors upon the powers and authorities
of the said commissioners to contract for and bind the said company, shall be from time to tlm • publicly made known
in the said province, by transmitting a copy of such restrictions to the clerk nf the peace of the said province, which tliu
said commissioners are In reby required to do and to certify the same under their hands, which copy the clerk of the
peace shall permit all persons to inspect at all reasonable times. And the said commissioners shall from time to time
communicate to the said Court of Directors In London, full and particular information of all transactions, acts, deeds,
mutters, and things concerning the affairs of the said company, or in anywise affecting the same.
And we do further hy these presents ordain, will, ai.d apiioiiit, that it shall anil may he lawful for all and every the
n'onibers and shareholdeis of the said company from time to time to assemble and meet together at any convenient
place or places for the choice of their Governor, Deputy-tioveriior, other Directors, and Auditors, and for making of
by-laws, rules, orders, and regulations fnr the government of the said company, and for other atfiiirs or business
concerning the same, twenty. one days previous imtice thereof being given by adveitisemcnt In the London Gazette r,nrt
in two or more of the daily London newspapers, and a notice in writing also affixed upon the Royal Kicchange of
London, at least fourteen days previous to the time appointed for siicli meeting, and all the members of the said com-
pany, or so ninny of them as shall he so nssembled, shall ho and be called a General Court of such company, which
court shall assemble and meet at such times and in such manner »s bereinalter mentioned ; and that such meetings
being so duly assembled shall, with the assent of the majority of proprietors so assembled, have power to adjourn from
time to time as shall be convenient, and that on some day or days between the tenth day of January and the first
Wednesday alter the aritli day of March inclusive, which shall be in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and twenty-nine, and in every sui-ceeriing year there shall be yearly and successively chosen all succeeding directors
and auditors of tlie said company as liereiiiatter provided, out of the members of the said company, by the majority of
the votes of all and every such niemhers of the said company, in (;eneral Omrt assembled, as shall he personally present
and of all bodies politic and corporale who may vote by deputation under their common seal at such meeting, who shall
be entitled to vote in respect of their shares in the said capital stock of the said eonipanv, in the pioportions following,
that is to say, that every holder of five and less than ten shares in the said capital stock shall bo entitled to one vote,
every holder of ten and less than twenty shares to two votes, every holder of twenty and less than twenty-five shares to
three votes, and every holder of twenty-five shares ot upwards to four votes and no more, which succeeding directors
and auditors shall severally and respectively continue in their offices to which they shall be so elected for the period
and in manner hereinafter proviJed, and until others shall he duly chosen In their places respectively; and the election
of such directors and auditors, at the annual or other elections, shall take jilace by ballot or in such other mode is shall
be determined by any by-law of the company to he made as herein provided, it being hereby ordained and declared,
that onethiid of the said directors and one of the said auditors shall go out of ottice in rotation every year, to commence
with the said election in the year one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine, and another election of six directors
anil one Auditor shall thereupon take place; but nevertheless the directors and auditors so going out of office In rotatloa
for tlie time being are and shall at all times hereafter be capable of being re-elected to their said offices, or elected to
any other offices in the said comiiany if otherwise properly qualified ; and in regard that the said rotathins cannot take
place during the three years, including and commencing with the said year one tliousand eight hundred and twenty,
nine, the directors and the auditors hereby appointed respectively, who are to go out of office as aforesaid on the first
Wednesday after the twenty fifth day of March of the same three years, shall be ascertained and known by drawing lots
for that purpose at any of the meetings of the said directors and auditors respectively, in such fair and proper manner as
the said directors shall in their discretion agree to and approve of, so always that the names of the directors to go out
by rotation shall be declared, and notice thereof affixed in some conspicuous place In the office of the company at least
fourteen days before the day of the annual election for the choice of directors, but the governor or deputy-governor
shall not be included in the ballot or list for drawing lots within the years one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine
or one thousand eight hundred and thirty, but shall vacate their offices with the directors, upon whom the lot shall fall
to go out of office. In the year one thousand eight hundred and thirty-one, and shall with those directors he re- eligible
if otherwise properly qualified, and the governor, deputy-governor, and other directors, or auditors, so trom time to time
elected and chosen, shall bo elected and chosen for the term of three years, unless such governor, deputy-governor, or
other director, or auditors, shall be elected In the room of some other governor, deputy-governor, or other director, or
auditor djing, resigning, or becoming disqualified, in which case ho or they shall be elected for such period or time as
the governor, deputy. governor, or other director, or auditor, in whose room or stead he or they were elected, had to
serve ; provided, nevertheless, that in all cases of a vacancy of governor or deputy governor at the annual or any other
election it shall be competent for the proprietors, duly qualified, to elect any of the continuing directors, or any of the
riirectcrs to be chosen at such election to be governor or deputy-governor, such pin|irietors declaring and specifying by
their vote or ballot the name or names of the person whether a continuing director or directors elected or re-elected at
such election, for whom such proprietors vote to be governor and deputy-governor, and if any continuing director or
directors shall be chosen governor or deputy-governor, he or they shall be governor or deputy-governor for the period
he or they shall have to serve as director at the time of election as governor or deputy-governor j and If any new director
or directors shall be chosen governor or deputy-governor, he or they shall be governor or deputy, governor for the period
for which he or they shall be chosen at such election ; provided also, that the (lersons who shall have served the said
office of director or auditor shall. If otherwise properly qualified, be eligililo to be re chosen to the said office.
And we do further by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, grant unto the said company and their succes-
sors, and will and ordain, that no person shall at any time be capable of being chosen governor, deputy-governor, or
other director, or auditor of the said company, unless he shall at the time of such election be a natural-born or natur-
alized subject of the United Kingdom, and shall also hove in his own name and in his own right twenty-five shares or
more of the capital stock of the said company ; and that no director or auditor shall continue in his or their respective
otliecs longer than the continuance of such their respective interest in such number of shares in their uwu names ami
k
;j(
■aiiifci
Il '
71
APl'KNDIX m— NORTH AMF.RICA.
ri((lit« nnd ti> Ihrlrnwn ii'-eti rciiicrHvc'lv : ami In rniip nny irovi-riinr, drpiity irovcrtmr, other ilirrctnr, or Biulitur "linll
III" III liny munncr (llvcstcd of or [iiiit witli >.iii'li of his tihiues ah to rcdiii'o llio siiiiic to nny Io^hit nninlicr than nforexald ;
llicn the Cnntt of Plri'it.TK for the time hcliiir nt their next nicetln^r, when »iirli fact Khnll be ninde to appenr to tlicm,
flinll proceed to declare llie mid respective oftireit or places of Kiich uovernor, ilepiily ifovernor, other dlrectori", or
luiditiifi, so (ll\ etii d if or [laitliiK- with tliclr mid shnres as aforesaid, to he viiciint, and the said vaciiicy or vnenneleit
NO declared shall he tilleil up In the same manner as in the rase of other vacancies at the Kcneral eniiit nl the said com-
panv, which shall he duly hi Id next after such dechiratlnn, and that In every case where nnv ifovernor, deputy,
jrovernor, other director, or anilltnr ■»hiill happen to die or re-iirn his oltlce lieforo the annual election of siich otlli'ers,
flie m«|or part of the metnhers of the said <'(impaiiv, iiiialirtcd as aforesaid to he a^senihU'd In u general court, shall and
may elect and choose any other nuiiihcr or memhcrs of the said company ipialirted as aloresaid, into the ottieu of such
Koveriiiir, ile|]iityi,'overiiiir, other director, or auditor, tlmt shall so die or rc^i;{n, which person or (lersons so to lie
clictid shall contiiinc in his or their suld office for sncli and the like period us the governor, deputy. ijovernor, director,
or aiidilnr had to serve, In whose phiceor stc ad he slnill he so elected.
And We do further ordain and direct, that the want of or failure to elect all or any of the directors to compose a eomiie-
tent Court of Directors, shall not in any manner tend to woik the dissolution of the said corporation, hut 'hut the (jeneral
hody of memhcrs -hall and may lie lawfully asseml Pil iiid convened at some day to he tlxed hy the remainiiii; directors, nr
the major part of them, for the election of the reiiiiUite nnmlicr of directors in manner hereinafter provide. I, which directors
HO elected shall have and continue nil powers, piivilejjes, anil authorlticM liereinlielore provided, for the eoiitinimiiee and
Kovernment of the said eorpiiradoii.
And we do liirtlier, liy these presents, ordain, constitute, and appoint, that it shall and may he lawful to and for the said
pompany, at any (ieneral Court, to u'raiit -iicli s-il irii's and allowaiiics to he paid to the saiil tfoveriior, depiity-ifovernor,
and other directors, and auditors, and secrctiiry of the said eompany, as may he deemed ex|)eillent, |irovided that circular
notices, eonvcninif such (Jenernl Court, shall issue at least one month helore such lueetiiiM;, and whicli notice shall coiitdin
n distinct sl.iteinent tlmt a motion will he made at such court hir the »;rant of such salaries and allowances.
And we do further will, diivct, and appoint, tliat for the hetter insurinff the >fiiod (joveriiment and pros|ierity of the said
C'oinuiuy, there sliill he h ddeii two (ieiieral Courts of the said Coin|iany at the least in each year, sometidie in the course
of the niontlis of June and Decemher, on a day to he appointed hy the Court of Directors, and with such notices as are
lierciiiliefore piovided, at winch the half-yearly dividends shall lie declared ; and that If there shall at any time herenlter he
a failure of holdint; a (ieneral Court in either of the said months as aforesaid, then ami in every such case any three or
more of the said directors shall and may driving: such notices as are liereinliefore directed) summon and call a (ieneral
Court, which shall he holilen in the month next ensuiiifi: the month in wliieli such f^cncral meeting should have hcen holilin
as aforesaid, or as soon alter as the period of the notice hereliy directed will allow.
And we do lurtlier, will, direct, and appoint, that, fourteen days heforc the (ieneral Court to he held in the month of
Decemher in every year, the accounts of the said comiiany shall he snhniitted to and audited hy the auditors for the time
heintc, or any two of them, and a statement of the ineoine and outKoiii)?s of the said company, heini; tlie result of such
aeeonnts, shall he Higned hy the said auditors, or any two of them, and laid helore the then next meeting of the said Court
of Directors.
And further we do, hy these presents, dircc'; and appoint, that upon the re(|uisitUin in writlne: of any twenty or more of
the memhcrs of the said company, each haviiiK not less than ten shares in the siiul caidtal stock, the Court of Directors
shall, witliiii twenty-one days after such rei|uisitiiin (and of which such notices sliall lie Biven a.s are liereinliefore directed\
Humnion and call n .Special (ieneral Court, either for Bcner.d or special purposes, to he hchi of the mcmhers of the salii
Comiiany qualilled to vole as electors as aloresaid ; and, in ikfaiilt of the Court of Directors to summon ami call such court,
it shall and may be lawful for the said twenty or more memhers, haviiiM; such shares as aforesaid, upon fourteen days
lirevions notice hy advertisement under their hand in the I. ondon (iazette, and in two or more of the daily London news-
papers, and hy wiitinp aiHxed on the Royal Kxchnntfc in London, to summon and hold a .Special (ieneral Court, and thcrB
to consider and ilehalc iijion any liiisiness relp.tiiiif to the tfovernment or affairs of tlie .said Company ; and, in cave such
Special (ieneral Court shall have been convened for any special purpose, then te proceed in such special matter and to conic
to any dcteiniination, or to despatcli any hnsiiness lielondint!; to such special purposes, or otherwise to come to any res i.
Intion or resolutions for tiic tnrtlier exnuiiimtion into the matters relatinir to the alliiiis and government of the saiil
Company ; ami that it shall and may he lawful, in pursn.ince of any resolnlion hy tlie major jiait of the members composiiiK
such Special (ieneral Court, to adjourn the same to a day then to he lixed ii|ion, and so from time to time, and that sucii
Special (ieneral or adjourned (ieneral Court, composed of memliers i|ualilied as aforesaid, shall be holdcn linally to ilclor-
mine, hy the majority of tiieir voices, upon all resolutions relating to the aft'airs and government of the said Company.
Provided always, that in every sneli cate tlie re;piisitioii and snnnnons for ii (ieneral Court shall express the purpose tliercnf.
And we do liercliy linther, for us, our heirs, and successors, K've full power to all and every the meinbers of the said
Company, (lualifieil to vote as aforesaid, in a (ieneral Court duly assembled, by the majority of the votes of those thore
present, to make and cinstitute such by-laws, rules, orders, and ref,'nlations, for and relating to the affairs and Koverniiicnt
of the said Company, fo tliat tiicli by-lav.s, rules, orders, and rcKidations, he not repugnant to the laws and statutes of this
realm, nor repugnant to any of the enactments hciein contained. Provided always, that such by-laws, rules, orders, and
rcKulalions, be duly recorded in the public book of the said Company, so that the same may be at all seasonable tiiuis
accessible to the memhers and olhcers of the said comiiany.
And we do further constitute, dii'cet, and appoint, that the Rovernor, or in his absence the deputy-governor, shall
preside and act as chairman of the said Court of Directors and (Jciierol Meetings of the said company ; and if it shall mi
happen that at any meeting of the saiil .lireetors, or at any genc-al meeting of the said Company, neitiier the governor iinr
deputy- governor shall attend, it sliall be lawful for the major part of the directors then present to appoint a cliau'inaii for
th.it occasion, ^udin case no director shall be present at a general meeting of the said Company, or in case the director or
directors present sliall not appoint a chairman for such occasion, it shall be lawful for the inembers of the said CoiiipHiiy
then present, or the major part of them, to appoint a person to preside at such meeting, and the governor, deputy- governor,
or other person, presiding at any such meeting, sliall in case of any equality of votes have a second or casting vote.
And we do hereby, for us, our heirs, and successors, ordain, decl.ire, limit, direct, and appoint, that all sums of money
paid and received in respect of the shares of the said Company, together with all aciiuisitions or investments whatsoever,
whether real or personal, or wheresoever lying, being and sit' ,ted in the United Kingdom or elsewhere, wliether vested in
the said company in their own name or in the names of tri ? lees, or in what manner soever the same shall be vested, shall
form and constitute the joint or capital stock of the said Company and their successors for ever, and shall be liable ami
answerable for the debts, liabilities, and engagements of the said Company.
And we do t'urtlier, by these iiresents, for us, our heirs, and successors, grant unto the said Company, and we do will
and direct that in case the sum already subscribed shall be found iusiithciont, in the opinion of tlie Court of Directoi's of the
said company, to carry into full cft'ect the heneficial purposes aforesaid, tlieii and in such ease it sliall be lawful for the
members of tlie said company for the time being, in pursuance of any resolution adopted at one and conftrmed at a sulisc-
quent Oencral or (ieneral Special Court, to raise and contrihute amongst themselves in such shares and proportions as they
sliall think proper, or by the adinis.sioii of new subscriheis, any further or otiier sum of money not exceeding the sum of
one million pounds sterling, and every subscriber t<iwards raising siicli further sum of money shall be a proprietor vif and in
the capital of the said company, and shall have a like vote in respect of his or her shares in the said additional sum so to lie
raised, and bo liable to such forfeitures, and stand interested in all the rigiits. profits, and advantages of tlie siud Company,
in proportion to the sum he, she, or they shall subset ibe to the said capital so extended, to all intents and puriioses as il
such further or (dlier sum hereby allowed to be subscribed for or rai.sed had been ori';inally part of the capital of the said
Company, any thing hereinbefore contained to the contrary in any wise notwitlistaniling.
And we do Hereby further, for us, our l'eir.s, and successors, graiit unto the said company and their successors, and we
do will, direct, and appoint, that it shall and may he lawful for the said company, for the purpo.scs aforesaid, not only to
purchase, take, hold, sell, let, and dispose of pU such lands in the provinces of Upper Canada anil Lower Canada as aforc-aid
and more especially any such lands as shall be granted by us in virtue of our royal prerogative, or by the authority of Parlia-
ment, but also to contract for, bargain, purchase, and export all such uierchandises, matters, and things as may be uccessary
or coiivrnlep
aforvNald, or
and to sell an
payment or si
and negotiate
mitted to thei
lands, teni nil
l.ower Caiiadi
order to the ci
ditanicnts as i
per aiiniiiii at
and Lower (a
Conned may t
those pnits of
acts and llilng
of this realm i^
And we fii
lend money to
ever, or to an]
said provinces
from such govi
rity of or upon
provinces, or a
the iiiti'iest th
tlie purposes e
assigns.
And we do
depiity-governi
Ht all conveniei
the direction an
iiient in all resp
liy any general
may direct and
licularly set fori
other the traffic
contracts, whetl
ances, and all ol
BiilicitorH, attori
ill the affairs am
place or remove
which they shall
cntorce, perform
bind the said eoi
which the said d
wins appointed ii
pointed. Provid
except hy order i
their sign.-iturcs
dcnce of the fact
Pronded alw
or on behalf of a
veriior, deputy-g
diiiig or causing
tilings to or for I
every such go\et
as aforesaid, shal
and a new elect i(
Provided, ik
ehariuter on beb
And we do li
eight hundred an
at and alter the n
(if any) shall havi
and Tenth day ol
Tenthday of July
rest at the like ra
of the several call
ary, in the year O
twice in every yc
the aaiiic, to decli
day of July and o
shall appear propi
regard shall be ha
assets and securit
and thirty-one, be
part of the gains i
And we do fui
individuals of any
may he in the fori
And we do, f<
shall be in all ihi.
taken, construed,
tion, as well in oi
fection in these m
great seal of tiie 1
fee, great or smal
In witness wl
«>er, this Niueteci
piiulitor iihnll
III nforcHHliI ;
loiir to tlicm,
itlrcclorii, or
or vni'niifleH
111" nalil c(im-
nur, ilt'imty-
uicli omi'Pr",
lilt, Hlinll iind
(itttce 1)1 mull
<|||-i HO to lie
•nor, (llrcctur,
|)(isr a, ciimpc-
nt the KCiifrnI
t; illrirtcilH, iir
,liicli ilireutdrs
iitinunncu anil
11(1 for tlie krIcI
mty-Kovoriiiir,
I tlmt cir'MilHr
V mIioII viKitaiii
rity of the said
!■ ill thr frmrsi"
I iiotici'H as aro
lie here»fti'r lie
ie Biiy three or
I call ft (ieiieral
ive been holileii
II the month of
rs for the time
result of sneli
if the said Court
■enty or more of
iiirt of nireetors
liefore directed,
licrs of the snid
: call such court,
n fourteen daysi
y London new*-
Court, and tlicn;
id, in va'V suili
ttcr and to come
me to any res i-
lent of the said
nlicrs coiiipoi-iiii?
and tlmt such
liiially to di'ter-
said Company.
purpose tlieroiif.
iiliers of the said
of those thorp
and government
d statutes of tliis
ules, orders, and
seasonable times
, governor, shall
lid if it shall M)
the Bovcrnor nor
It a cliairiiian for
se the director or
ie said Company
Icputy-Koveruor,
ill); vote.
11 sums of money
leiits wliatsocver,
vhetber vested in
11 be vested, shall
ihall lie liable and
y, and wc do will
if nirectoi-snftlic
1 be lawful for the
firmed at a suliso-
roportioiis as tiny
eediuK the sum of
(ipriet^-r of and i"
.oiial Slim so to lie
he siiid Company,
ind puriKises as it
capital of the siUd
ucces-sors, and we
resaid, not only to
anadaasafiire-aid
uthority of Harlia-
•i may be uecessary
Ari'F.NDlX III.— NOIITII AMKKICA. "i
or coiiveiilept for the ciltlvatlon, eh'arlnif, or improvement of the l,iiid« which iimy be pureliR'ed by the s.iid company iw
HforeNRid, or an lieriiniilter ineiiti. ined i and sbnll also be ciii|iow< red, ami Ihry are biriliy aiitln rised, t<> Import and rccilvc,
and to sell and dispose of all (toods and inerchaiidlse whieli may be consl(;iied or remltU'd to llieiii Inuii -ik h lln ir hinds hi
payment or satlsfaition nf any rent or piirchase-numey nrhliuc troni the iicriip:ilii ii or sale of aii> such I'liiiK, and to receive
and neicotUte III KiiKland hills ol exchaiitfc, priunlsMiry noti's, or other iieirodable Hcciirlties for money wlilcii maybe ri'
mitted to t'leiii on iiccoiiiit of any such rent or purchase iiioiiey i and al»o to piirehnM', take, hidil, sell, and dis|nivc of all
lands, tern iiients, and hereditanients sitiiiile in (treat llrhnlii and irelinil, ir in tlic said provliucH ol Cpper ( annda ami
l,imer Canada, or elsewhere in our doinlniiu.s, wlilch It iniiy be neiv.^.iry r^r cnveiilent lor the said coiii))iiiiy to aci|nirc In
order to the rarryinir the purpose of this charter into more c'lmplete ellVct. rroiidi ,1 tint Mich binds, tenements, and lierc-
ililamcnts as iii:iy be purchased In (Ireat llrit.un and Ireland be not altoicetbcr of more than the value of live hnndreil |.ionnilH
per anniiiii at llie liiiic of nucIi purchase i and iibo provided that any such pioiliii'is in the said provinces of I'pper I aimdi
and Lower Canada be of such annual viiliie only as wc by any order or orilei- !■< be by u>i isstieil with the advici; of our I'riiy
Council may troin time f'l time autliori-.c and direi t, anil be ni.adc in ci nbinnily with the local I iws • ,„i stututes in loree In
those jiaits of our dominions In which the liiid so to be pnrcha-ed may bi •.itioite, and the „iii coni|>any mav do all idhi r
nets and things In ril.ition to the premise-, in all respects as benetlcially as uny other body [lolltlc or corporate or any suhji ct
of this realm is by l.iw cnlitleil to do.
And we further will, declare, anil a|ipoint, that It shall and imiy be Innfnl to mid for the snId comiiany to advance ni\d
lenil money to the local Koverniiients ill the said |iroviiiceiof Cpper (nn.iJ.a and Lower Canada lor any purposes what o-
ever, or to any trustees, coniiiii'.sioners, or oilier persons having the can id lualinir or c.Mcutiiin any luibllc works in the
said provinces or ( Itlier of tbeiii, at sm h rate ol interest as may be aifiied n;i 'ii In every such case, and to take and accept
from such tfoverniiieiit, or from any such trustees, cnnimissioners, or other persons, such n'slitiunent, ijrant, or other sicii.
rity of or upon any imblic revenues of the said provinces, or upon any rule >, foils, clmrifcs or assessments within the siild
provinces, or any or ellher of them, or sin h otbrr .security for the repayn.Cit ol the money ho tfi be advanced ; and also fur
the interest thereon as to the said eon.pany .-hall appear (alisfnctory, mid wbiili shall be Kood, valid, am' eflectiial for
tlie purposes expressed therein, and shall and may be enlorcid for the bcnellt of the sahl company, their suecesMirs, and
Bssi(;iis.
And we do further, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, triuit, direct, and apiioint, that the said irovernor,
depiity-Koveriior, anil idher directors for the lime bein»;, or any tivi or more ol them, shall and may from lime lo lime, and
at all convenient times, and wlien and as often as they shall tliink tit, asseinble and meet toKether at any lilace or places for
the direction and nianai^emeiil ol tlicadiirs of thesaliieonipniiy, and biliiK so assembled shall in such direeti'm ami maiiare-
ment in all respects conform themselves to such by-laws, rub s, orders, and regulations, as shall Iriuii time to time be iniido
by any general or special court of the said comiiany, and siihji el to all such bylavvs, rules, orders, and reKulations, shall ami
may direct and maiiaKc the affairs and business of the coni|iiiiiy, in all and sini;ular the matters and thinics hereinbefore par-
lieiilarly set forth in the disposition and investment of all cash, bills, mdes, anil other securities to tlie company, and in all
other the traffic, commerce, and dealini;s of the snid company, and that they shall have power and authority to enter into all
ciuitrncts, whetiier under seal or otherwise, on behalf of the coin|iany, and to inike and exeinte all a>si(?iinients, I'onvey-
anees, and all otlier acts to which tlie corporate seal is reipiired to be allixed, and to a|i|iolnt a clerk, secretary or secretaries,
solicitors, attornies, ci'inniissioners, factors, ajjents, or servants, which shall from time to time be necessary to be emphiyed
in the affairs and business of the sabl company, and to allow and pay them reasonable salaries and allowances, and to ills,
place or remove them or any of them as they shall see cause, and (cenerally to do and act in all matters or tliinjrs whatsoever
vvliieh they shall jud(;e necessary for the well orderiii)!: and nianiipriii); of the said company, and the afl'airs thereof, and to do,
enloree, perform, and execute all the powers, authorities, provisions, acts, and thinjjs in rel.ition to the said company, and to
bind the said cominny as if the same were done by the whole corporation. I'rovided always, that all matters and thiiiffs
which the said directors shall in manner aforesaid and in writintr orderand direct to he done by snli-comniittees or otlier per-
sons appointed under Iheiii, shall and may, by virtue ol such orders, be (bine by the saiil siib-comniittee or cdher persons ap.
pointed. I'rovided also, that in no case i hall the corporate seal of the said conipaiiy be atlixed to any instrument whatsoever
except by order in writing; of the court of directors, and in the presence of at least two of the directors, who shall attest by
tlieir si);naturcs such sealing, and that the same watt dujie by order (if the court of directura, which attestation shall be evi-
dence of the fact of such order.
Provided always, and wc do further dcclaie and ordain, that all and every contract or contracts made or entered into by
or on behalf of any t;overiior, deputy-trovornor, director, auditor, or secretary of the said company, or in which any such \;i)-
vernnr, deputy-Kovernor, director, auditor, or secretary shall be either lUrectly or indirectly interested or concerned for
d( iiiB or causini; to he done any work for or on behalf of the said company, or forsuiiplyiiiK any of the articles or materials or
thhiRS to or for the use of the sahl comiiany, shall be absolutely null and void to all intents and purposes whatsoever ; and
every such Kovernor, depnty-Kovernor, director, auditor, and secretary, w ho shall enter into any sudi contract or contracts
as aforesaid, shall ipso facto cease to be such trovernor, deputy-governor, director, auditor, or secretary, as the case may be,
and a new electum of some other proprietor duly i|ualilied siiall take place in manner herein mentioned.
Provided, nevertheless, that all acts (bine by such governor, deputyKovernor, director, auditor, or secretary, in hU ofticlaj
cliariuderon behalf of the company before sucii successors be elected, shall be valid and bindintr.
And we (hi further direct and appoint, and our will is, that interest caleula'ed to the Tenth day of July, One thousand
eiRlit biindred and twenty-six, shall within one nnuitli fnun the date hereof be pc.yable to the members of the said company
at and alter the rate of lour per centum per annum from the respective periods at which the said deposit and subseipieiil calls
{if any) shall have been paid, to be calcnlated upon and in respect of such deposit and calls j and on the Tenth day ot January
and Tenth day of July, One thousand eitfht hundred and tweniy-scvi n, and on each and every Tenth day of January anil
Tenth day of July, until and endiuK with the Tenth day of January, t)ne thousand eitfht hundred and thirty one, further inte-
rest at the like rate shall he calculated and becmue payable to the said members upon the said deposit, and upon the aninnnt
of the several calls which shall or may have been made upon and paid by them ; and from and alter the Tenth day of Jaiiu-
ary, in the year One thousand ei^lit hundred and thirty-one, it sliall and may be lawful to and for the said court of proprietors
twice in every year, in the said months of June and Uccembcr, if tlie state of the aft'.iirs of the said company shall warrant
the same, to declare such dividend to and amoiiKst the u'cmbcrs of the said company for the half year ending on the Tenth
(lay of July and on the Tenth dayof January next succeeding? such resiiective general court, as to the said court of proprietors
shall appear proper, in aihlition to sudi payment of interest as ab resaid; and in declarin(f sucli dividends ropectively, due
regard shall be h.id to all the debts and enpiiKcments of the said company, and the risks and continpcncies affectin^c their
assets and securities, and so as no divnlend nor interest after tlie said Tenth day of January, One thousand einlit hundred
and thirty-one, be in any case paid out of the capital of tlic said company, or otherwise than as a division of the whole or a
yart of the (rains and profits ol tlie said company.
And we do further will and direct, that all conveyances which shall be made by the s.iid company to any individual or
individuals of any part of the lands to be (.Manted to, or purchased, or held by the said company, may be made in manner and
may he in the form prescribed in and by the snid Act ol Harliamcnt.
And we do, for us, our heirs, and '.iuecpssors, crant and declare, that these onr letters patent or the enrcllment thereof
shall be in all ihiiiKs valid and eff.etual in the law according to the true iutci.t a. id meaning of v e same, and shall be
taken, construed, and adjiulKcd in the most favourable and hem ticial sense for the be-t advantage of the said corpora-
tion, as well in onr courts ol record as elsewhere, notwitbstanoing any iion-rccital, mi--recital, uncertainty, or imper-
fection in these out letters patent j and our wi'l and pleasure is, tliat tiicsc piesents to the company iifoicsaid, under the
great seal of tne I'nited Kingdom of Great liritain and Ireland, shall be in due manner made and sealed without fine or
lee, great or sinoll, to us in our Hanaper or elscwlicre, to our use thereof, or any ways to be rendered, paid, or made.
In witness whereof, we have cause i these our letters to he made patent, witness ourself at our palace at Westmin-
ster, this Nineteenth day of August, in the Seventh Year of our Keign.
By Writ of Privy Seal,
I'.i,', .'. scorr.
'•I
7f.
AI'PKNDIX 111— NORTH AMKRICA.
Q Q.— THE NKW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA SCOTIA LAND COMPANY
I! I
I
WRs r»tnhliRlip(l in I.nnilnn nlnnit Fcbrimry, IH,12. from the wniit of infnrmAtinn prrvailini; in the piihlic
mind, it iiiny hv nlmost snid, ns to tin- Kcoifrnpliicnl po^itiDii of till'* province, hut ccrtniiily n* to tho vnhio of
its fertilu tioil, so well niliiptcd for iinricultiiral piirpoti'M, more time tlinn iisunl wnit coiiHOint'd in TorminK thf
cornpnny ; this point hcinp; si'tfiid, n contrnit wnsronclodcd, urxh'r wliich thf crowti n^'rifd to «ril tliis com-
pnny about ."iOd.OOi) ncrps of Inri'l, lyinR in f l\c ccntri' of tlit> province, nt the price of I'.i. r«l, xteriing per acre,
the compnny to pny the money i)y iiiHtnlnieiitt in four yenrs, in sunis of nhout 7,(t'IO/. hnlf yearly.
Tlie Rupreinc Uonrd of Miuinjicment hits in London. 'I'iu' ntfiiirs of tlie coni|)»ny nre deiiKnted to n
chief nud suh-commissioner mid otiicr n^'ents resident in the province. 'I'lu' cnpitnl is '_'(10,<)IM)/. utoelc, with
a power to increase tlie cnpitnl to loo, Odd/. The cotnpniiy's powers nre comprised in a charter of Incorpo>
ration from the crovvn, nnd on nn net of piirliiiment pnssi d in iH.'tM.
The hind included in tho prnnt is found, on exninination, to be etpinl in fertility to the best land in New
Urunswick ; its position is in the centre of the province, from south-west to north-enst ; flpproachinp; the
St. John's River, within about eicht miles of I'redericton, nnd bounded on the N. K. by the Nortbundirr-
Innd county line, a few miles beyond the course of the S. \V. brniicb of the Mirnmichi, a considernble
portion of which is included in the Krnnt; other strenms nnd brnnches of rivers ruiininp; uenernlly in n direc-
tion N. \V. to S. K. intersect the Krarit, by which the pine nnd other timber cleared from the land« may he
rafted to the St. John's or Miramichi rivers.
ABSTRACT OF TIIK CHARTKR INCOIU'ORATING THK NKW BRUNSWICK AND NOVA
SCOTIA LAND COMPANY.
[There is nlso an Act of Parliament granting certain power*), dated 22nd May, 1H31.]
The Charter, after the nsuni preamble, " William the Fourth, by the Ornce of Ood," 8cc., nnd reciting fhnt
divers persons had united toi;itlier for jiurcbasing lands, nnd beseeching a chnrtcr of incorporntion, contniiis
(in brief) the following; provisions for establishing the cuinpnny.
1. Ordains, constitutes, declares nnd appoints, that John l.nbouchere, E»q., and others therein named,
together with such others as may hereafter liecome proprietors of the company's capital stock, " shall he
one body politic; and eorjiorate in deed ami in name, by the name of 7'/i« A'lwr l<iitiisiriilt nnd yont Sriitin
Land ConiiKini/,' and by that name shall and riiaysue and be sued," kc.
That the company " shnll and may have nnd use a common seal," &c. j " and that it shall and may ho
lawful for the said company nnd their successors, the same coniiiion seal from time to time at their will and
pleasure to break, change, alter or make anew, as to them shnll seem expedient ;" and declares, " that by tlie
name of the New Brunswick and Nova Scotin Land Company, they shall have perpetual succession."
2. Oeciares nnd grants, " thnt the said coijioration shall be and is establislu'd for the jiurposc of piirchn-
.sing, holding, improving, clearing, settling, cultivating, letting, leasing, exclianging, selling nnd disposing of
waste lands and other lands, tenements nnd hereditaments in our provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Sco-
tia, including Cape Breton and Prince Pkiward Island, in North America, and the dependencies of the said
provinces."
That the company nuiy invest such part of their capital as may be necessary in purchasing, clearing, X:c,
such lands as may be granted by the crown, or otherwise acquired by them in tho provinces; " nnd Imild
roads, canals, drainr, bridges, nnd other internal communications, houses, schools, chapels, mills, wharfs and
other buildings and wiirks" necessary for tho improvement of the lands ; " and cx|)ort, sell and dispose of all
such merchandise, matters and things" requisite for tho same ; " and to import and receive, sell and dispose
of all goods nnd merchandise which may be consigned or remitted to them, or in payment and satisfaction of
any rent or purchase-money arising from the occupation or sale of any such lands, and to purchnse, hold,
hire, build and charter ships and other vessels for the purpose of conveying and transporting persons willing
and desirous to emigrate to our said provinces and their dependencies, and nlso exjiorting such merchandise,
matters nnd things, nnd importing such goods, and merchandise and produce from or to our said provinces
and their dependencies, to or from any other place or places."
3. Further declares nnd grants, that it shall be lawful for the said compnny to open, search for win and
work in or under any of their said lands, any mines, pits, beds, veins and seams of copper, tin, lend, iron,
iron ore, stones, clay, and all other ores, minerals, metals, metallic substances, matters and products, other
thnn and except gold and silver, and also other than and except coal and culm, unless such coal and culm
shnll at anytime or times hereafter be granted or demised to them by our heirs or successors, or shall be by
them acquired from any person or jicrsons to whom such coal and culm may have been so granted or
demised, in which cases it shall be lawful for the said compnny to open, senrch for, win, and work any such
coal or culm in the manner authorized by such grants and demises respectively ; the said company paying
the rent or rents, royalty or royalties, and performing and fulfilling the covenants, agreements and condi-
tions in such grants or demises to be reserved and contained ; and to do all other acts for efl'octually work-
ing the said mines. " And that it shall bo lawful for the said compnny to receive monies nnd other depo-
sits of emigrants, settlers or other persons, in or proceeding to or from our said provinces, for the iiurpose of
transmitting the same from or to our said United Kingdom to or from our said jirovinces," or nny\0tlier of
the said provinces; and that it shal! be lawful for the said company " to mak^ loans and advances of money
to emigrant settlers nnd others resident within our said provinces," upon lands or other legal security
within the provinces, also to contract for and execute any public works undertaken by or on behalf of
government in any of the said provinces.
4. Further grants the royal license to purchase any lands, tenements, &c. whatsoever in the provinces
from tho ernwn,
hold or may Ik
(opyliold or lean
ahlch might oti
\\», our heim or
.■>. Declnrea ai
the unijertnking,
That Hubucribi
such subscripfio
the protltN," &C.
That the nnmi
Thnt all perso
nhnll from time i
nnd to such per?
tors for the time
Thnt all trnnsi
pnny in a book, '
nnd sixpence for
person shnll lie d
until six calendni
any meeting as n
Thnt after any
'<t(ick until such (
may not have an
•). Further dec
ringe, a copy of t
" before such pei
dividend.s in re.spi
That persons
iidministration, tl
died intestate, sh
thereof ns shall n
administration, in
or vote as a propi
not exceeding the
7. Further decl
jiart of them " sh
proprietors for tli
cessary, the sums
time and place, t\
newsjmpers usual
slinll direct,"
And further dc
jiortion of the mo
time appointed fo
" absolutely to fo
|mny, and all prof
on nccount thereii
order at any time
lie gotten for the
and such share or
strument under tl
till after thirty da
of abode, nor unic
to be held not ear
prietor is discharj;
of compelling pay
H. Further decl
puty-governor, wl
vernor, deputy, go
directors " for nia
And further on
number to be a sii
gnlations and rem
fo make such alio
'.'. Further ordn
to assemble togetl
puty. governor, dii
must be given by
such assembly sha
Bdjourii. That <in
Il»l
AI'PKNDIX III.— NORTH AMF.RICA.
"7
from the rrown, ns wrll a% from (?rnntfi'< or othi-r \wn )im now or hori'intftrr holding of flu' crown, or " who
hohl or inny hold In nny othci' inRimcr or by nny other title ," niso to |iiircha'i- iinil hold " itiiy frcihold,
copyhold or IcnHchold Innils nnd ti'iirninitn within our I'nitcd Kingdom, nny rl|{htii, pcnnltirit or I'orfritnrct
which niiKht otherwises liy the Ktatutes of niortninin, or nny other ntntnte, law, custom ur tiaagc accrue to
Hi, our heirs or HUceenAorM, or to he iiirurri'd hy the nnid company notwithatanding," kc.
;>. Deelnri's an>l ordainti, thnt " the pri-Hcnt cnpital or joint-»tocl: of the Raid company" for carrying on
the uudertnkiMK, {icc. " ithall he a muio not exceedint; I' wo lunidred thousand pounds KtcrliiiK."
That Kuhiicribers shall he entitled to share in tlie capital ntuclv in proportion to their HohKcriptions, (" no
Hiieh subscription bemj; less than tweiity-tlve pounds,") and " shall be entitled to a proportionuble share of
the protlts," Sec.
That the names of proprietors ho entered In a hook, with the amount of their share.
That all persons siibsciibint;, shall pay the sum or sums respectively suhccriiied, or sneh parts thereof " as
«li»ll from time to time be called," pursuatit to tlir poweis oi" this cbaiter, rnd " at such times and places,
and to such person or persons, and in such manner us ihall he ordered and directed by any court uf direc-
tors for the time lieins."
That all transfers of shares in the capital stock, shall bo rei;i-»errd hy some niithori;;ed olllcer of the com-
pany in a hook, " and a fee shall be paid to and tor the use of the said company not exeeedinK two Hhilliri;;s
and sixpence for every such registry;" and that until the transfer be rei,'istei'e(l in the company's hooks no
person shall be deemed a proprietor, " ur he entitled to any dividend or benelicial interest" therein; " nor
until six calendar months after Ruci> transfer ahull have been made and registered," be entitled to vote nt
any ineetiiiR as a proprietor, Jtc,
That after any call for money sliall be made, no person can sell or transfer their share or shares in the
*tiK\i until such call has been paid, " anil notwithstanding that the time apjiointed for the payment thereof
may not have arrived."
It, Further declares and ordains, that persons claiming nny shares in the capital or profits in riiil't of ninr-
ria^'c, a copy of the register of such marria'ic shall be left with the projier ollicer, nnd on entry therecf made
" before such person, shall be entitled to >eil or assign any such stock, or to claim | lynient of dividend or
ilividend.H in respect thereof, or to vote ns proprietor of such stock."
'I'liat persons clain\ing any share in the capital, )itc. " by virtue of nny will or bv.iuest, or inenuiseof
administration, the probate copy of the will or letters of nilmiiiistrntion, in case the proprii;Lor shii; have
ilied intestate, shall be (iroduceil," nnd an entry maile by the proper olheer " of such will or so "uch
tliereof as shall relate to the disposition of the share of the testator of nnd in such stock, or oi tne leti ts of
uilinini'tratifm, in case the proprietor shall have died intestate," before any persctns can '11, claim ' ;idend,
or vote as n proprietor; nnd that " for every such entry of marriage, will or letters of nuministrati;)n, a fee
nut exceeding the sum often shillings" shall be paid.
7. Further declares, that the directors for the time being, or so many ns shall form h court, or the majo
jiart of them " shall have full power to make such call or cxlls, for money from the several subscribers and
jiroprietors for the time being," tin ir exieutors, Kc. for their shares, or the court of directors le ■ '>r i ne-
cessary, the sums so called for to be paid to the con)|)uny's bankers, or as the coint shall ft|)poin^ " oi vhich
time nnd place, twenty days notice shall he given in the London (iazette, and in suih four oi morf ally
newspapers usually published in the city of London or county of Middlesex, as the said cout of directors
shall direct."
And further declares, that if nny subscriber, their executors, (to. " shall neglect or refuse to pay" their
jiurtion of the money called for by the directors, " during the space of three calendar months, next a.'ter the
time appointed for payment thereof, together with lawful interest," in such case the subscribers will be linhlc
" absolutely to forfeit his, her, or tin ir res|)ective share or shares, of, and in, the cnpital stock of the said com-
pany, and all profits and ailvantages thereof, nnd of all monies theretofore advanced by him, he , - them,
on account thereof, to and for the use nnd benetit of the snid company," nnd that the court of directors may
order at any time thereafter, that such forfeited shares " be sold at a public sale, for the most money that can
he gotten for the same, and the produce shall go to, and make part of the capital stock of the said company,
and such share or shares, so forfeited and scdd, shall be assigned and transferred to the purchaser by an in-
strument under the common seal of the said company," but no ndvantagc of such forfeiture shall be taken
till after thirty days notice, under the hand of some duly authorised officer of the company, left at their place
of abode, nor unless the same be declared forfeited at some general or special general meeting of proprietors,
to be held not earlier than three calendar months after such forfeiture shall bapnen, whereupon such pro-
prietor is discharged from all further liability in respect of such share, hut this u ,( .lot deprive the power
of compelling payment of nny unpaid pnrt if the directors prefer so doing.
H. Further declnres, that there shall be " out of the members of the said company, a governor and a de-
puty-governor, who shall also be directors, and ten other directors," also " three auditors," which " go-
vernor, deputy- governor, nnd other directors, or nny five of them shall institute, and be called a court of
directors" for managing the atlairs of the company.
And further ordains, that the court of directors for the time being, •• y appoint " any one of their own
number to be a sitting director," to attend more immediately to th' b .-:niessof the company, su!)jcct to re-
gulations nnd removal by n court of directors, who shall bo competent to ippoint another if they see fit, and
to make such allownnces as they think right as remuneration.
'J- Further ordains, that it shall be lawful for " every ' le members or proprietors of tht said company"
to assemble together at nny places in the cities of London and Westminster for the choice of governor, de-
puty-governor, directors and auditors, and for other purposes, of which, " twenty-one days previous notice"
must be given hy ndvertisement in " the London Gazette, nnd in three or more daily newspapers," nnd that
such assembly shall be called, " a general court of the said company," nnd that such court have power to
adjourn. That on the -second Thursday in March iHliti, and every succeeding year on the same day shall be
i'iii
m
7rt
APPENDIX HI.— NORTH AMERICA.
yearly chosen, nil succeeding directors and auditors out of nnd by tlio incmhcrs personally present entitled
to vote.
The quniirtcntion to vote, lieinR holders of stock £100 to our vote, i'.'iOO two votes, CIOOO three votri,
£2,000 nud \i|)war(ls, " four votes nod no mure." 'I'lie election to lie by Imllot or otherwise iis miiy he do-
terniined. It bein;; ordnined timt " one half of the direi-tors, and one of the auditors shall fjo out of othce
every year, to coniuience in the year is;t(i, the directurs and auditors t;oini; out of olVu-e, for tlie time bcini;,
are, and shall at all times hereafter, he capable of bein:; re-elected." 'I'lie tirst directors and auditor <;oiiis,'
o\it, to be determined by drawing lots, in such manner, as the directors shall a<;ree, and that the nanH>s of
directors and auditors goin;.; out successively, be posted in a conspicuous part of the company'.s olVicc in
London or Westminster, at least fourteen days before the day of election.
'I'liat the governor, deputy governor and directors, from time to time chosen, be elected for two yenrt,
and the auditor so chosen, for three years, unless they be chosen in the phu-e of some other by <leath, resi^.
nation, or otherwise, in which case, tbey are chosen for the tiuu' sucli party bad to serve, iNtc. but that no
jierson shall be an auditor while he shall be a director, or a director while an auilitor.
10. Further directs, that no person shall be chosen governor, deputy-governor, or director, " unless lu'
shall, at the time ot such election, he a mitiu-nl born or naturalised subject of the lli\ited Kingdom, and shi\||
also have in his own name, and in his own right, live hundred pounds or more, of the capital stock of the
said cmnpany," and that no person can be diosen auditor except under the snnu< restrictions, " and having
in his own name, ai\d in bis own right, two hundred pounds or more of the capital stock." And that no
director or auditor sliall continue in their rcspictive otlices " longer than the ciuitinuance of such respective
interest, and should any governor, deputy governor, director, or auditor, be divested of his stock, to reduce
it to " a less amount than aforesaid," the directors may at tliis next meeting, after the knowledge of such
fact, declare such oflice vacant, and the vacancy be filled up at the general court, " which shall be duly held
next after such declaration."
Aiid that in case any governor, deputy-governor, director, or auditor, die, resign, or he removed before the
nnmial eh'ction, the members tpialilied to vote at a geiural court, shall choose any other member cpialitied
to till such oll'icc, who shall continue therein for the period such governor, S.c. had to serve.
1 1. Further ordains, that every proprietor intending to propose himself for any oltice of governor, direc-
tor, &c. " shall leave notice in writing," with the si. ting director w clerk of the company, " for the informa-
tion of the projuietors at least lil days before, and exclusively of the liay of election," and a list of thecnn-
didates be fixed up in the principal ollice in London or NVestininster, " at least II days before the day of
election," and " 10 days before the day of election, make out n correct and al|diahefical list of the nanus
and residencies of all tlie then proprietors," with the number of votes each is entitled to give, and to wlii( h
each proprietor may have access.
And ordains, that in case of tleath, resignation, or failure, to elect directors, nn insutlicient number to
compose n court of directors " shall not in any manner tend to work the dissolution of the said corponi-
tion," but that the general body of members may be convened by the surviving directors to elect the re-
quisite luimber of directors.
And appoints that it may be lawful " at any general court to grant siH'b salaries and allowances to lie
jiaid" to the governors, directors, (except the sitting director) and auditors, "as may be deemed expedient,"
of which notice must be given in the Gnzetto and three papers, one month at least prior thereto, settini;
forth the |iur|iose.
12. Further appoints there shall be held " one general court of the said company at least in each year cmi
the .second thursday in March," at which dividends may be dechired, and in case a general comt fail to he
held on such day, " any three or more <if the directors for the time being" may summon the court wthiii
six weeks ensuing the day on which it should have been held, giving the proper notice.
And appoints "that upon the rcipiisition in writing of any lift ecu or more of the inembers of the snid
company, each having not less than two hundred prounds in the said capital stock," the directors shall within
;iO days thereof, ''call a special general court," with proper notice, " for the purposes to be mentioned in
such retpiisition," in default of which " it shall and may be lawful for the said fifteen or more members" ns
aforesuid, upon fourteen days previous notice " by advertisement under their bands" in the London (Ja/ette
and four daily papers, " and by writiiig allixed on the Royal F.xchangc," to summon n special general c(airt,
and there debate upon any business ntentioned in such retpiisition but no other, and have power to aili<iiun
the same to a day then to be tixed uiion, and so Irom time to time to determine finally upon the ipiestioiis
to be discu.sscd, &.C.
And further directs that no business shall be done at .iiiy general or special general court " unless there
shall be present within one half of an hour next after the Mine appointed for such court, and also at the time
or times of making any eh'ction or putting any (piestion ( r (pustions to the vote of at least fifteen niendiers
of the said company (pialified to vote," and in default, the court to be adjourned to the next general court or
some day not earlier than fifteen <lavs from the day <if adjournment as may be then determined, of whieli ten
days' notice shall be given in the (iH/:ette and four cinily papers.
And further, gives full jiowers at any general or special general court, to make, alter, and repeal any orders
and regulations relative to the all'airs and government of the company, to be recorded in n book which niiiy
be accessible to the members of the company.
And further appoints " that the governor, or in his absence, the ileputy-govcrnor shall preside and act ns
chairman of the said court of directors, and general, or special general courts." If either <if these be nhsiiil,
the directors present may appoint a chairman for the occasion, and if no director be present, or they do not
appoint, then the members present may appoint a chairman. 'I'lie govermu-, deputy-governor, or other per-
son presiding at any such courts, " in case of any ecpiality of votes, to have a casting vole."
I.'), Appoints "tliat all sums of money paid and received in respect of thi' stock," together "with nil ne-
quisitions or investments, or purchases whatsoever whether real or personal," niudc by or on behalf of the
Ari'KNOIX III.— NOHTH AMKUICA.
79
P8cnt entitled
tliri'C votrs,
,s miiy 1)1" ilo-
I (lilt 111' dlVuM'
II' time tu'iim,
miilitor miiiii;
tl\i> iinmrs of
tiy's olVicf ill
for two ycni s,
iT (li-atli, rcsi^.
c. but that 111)
r, " unless 111'
iliiin, mill sluill
il siin'k of till'
" mill liaviii'j;
AikI tliat nil
ncli ii'sptctivi'
tiK'k, to roiliui'
vloilf:r 111' siuii
II 1)0 duly lioM
[ivod boforo tlu'
nibrr (luidilial
ovi'rnor, diirr-
ir till' inl'oiiiia-
list of tin- caii-
lori" tlu' (lay of
t of tlir names
', and to whicli
ont nunilicr tn
I' sniil (Mipiirn-
to elect the le-
Uiiwaiiees to be
u-d ixpeilieiit,"
tlu-reto, setliiig
in riu-b yeiiv mi
oiiit full til lie
be court wtbiii
lers of the sni'l
ors shall within
nientinneil in
nienibeis" ns
.iindon (Ja/ette
(general conrt,
iwer to ailjiiinn
the iinestiiins
" unless there
Iso at the time
ifteeil ineniheis
(riiu'ial eiiiiit or
'il, of which ten
■jieal nny (inlets
look whieh may
eside nml net i'»
these be ahsitii,
or they do nut
ir, (ir other per-
er " with nil m-
jn beliidf of the
compntiy, " sbnll form nnd ronsfitute the joint or rnpital stork of the said company, nnd shall he linblc and
aiisvvenibli' for the debts, liabilities, and eii'^ajreineuls of the said eoinpany."
And further directs that in ease the eoint of directors sha!l hereafter consider it exprdient to encrease the
capital already subscribed, that it shall be lawful lor the then nieinbers, " in piirsiiuiice of any resuliition
adopted at once and conlirined by a siibseipient pneral or special i^eiicral court to raise nnd contribute
aiiionijst themselves in such shares and proportions ns they shall think proper, or by the ailiiii«siou of new
subscribers, any further or other sum or sums of money n it excicdiii); in the whole the further sum of two
hiiiiilred thousand pounds sterliii'^." That every subscriber to such further sum shall be n proprietor in
respect of their share, shall be liable to such forleitiires, and be interested in such rights nnd profits in respect
tliereiif, as if they bad subscribed to the capital originally raised.
And further appoints that " the directors for the time beiii;; shall have the custody of the eonimon seal,"
that the j;iivernors and directnrs, or any live may assemble at such places ns they inav think tit for the
iimtinneinent of the company, and shall have power to enter into nil contiaets, execute all nssi^ninents, con-
VI yauccs, " nnd all other acts to which the eorpornte seal is reipiiied to be nllixed," to appoint secretarii^s nnd
other agents or servants, to nilow them lair and reasonable salaries, and to remove tlieiii, and do nil things
necessary for the management of tlie company.
I'loviiled that in no ease ti.e corporate seal " be nllixed to nny instrument wlmtsoever except by order in
writins; of the court of directors, mid in the presence of nt lenst two of the directors" who shall attest the
same.
II. Knrtber ordering;- that if the conduct of any director be such that bis continuance in otVice inii;lit ap-
pear preiudicial to the company's interests, " it shall be lawful for each other of the dircctois, or any four
liltlis of them at n special court of directors to be convened for that purpose, to remove such director from
his dllice," and the vacnney to be Miiijilied nt the next general or nt n special court of proprietors convened
as aloresaid.
And further ordains timt in nil eoiitrnets entered into by the iTnvernnr or other olVicers of the eonumiiy
in which nny such governor or otbi r olVicer shall be directly or indirectly concerned for doiii'-; work or sup-
plying any articles for the use of the said company, they shall, " at the option of a court of directors,"
lie declared null and void, and any such governor or other olbcer entering into such contracts, " shnll
ipso facto cease to be such governor or other otVicer, and a new election take place," \.e.
And further appoints that it maybe lawful for the court of proprietors "once or twice in every year, if
the state of the all'airs of the siii-.l company shall warrniit the same, to declare such dividend or divideinls" ns
thecourtof proprietors iiiay think proper, having therein due regard to the liabilities of the coni|iany niul
eontingencies, "nnd so ns no divideinl be in nny case paid out of the capital of the said company or other-
wise tlinn nt a division of the whole or a part of the gains and profits of the said company."
.\nd further directs that the governors and directors have power nnd are rcipiired to balance the eonipnny's
books " on the Hist day of December in each year," or at such |ieriiiil of the year ns any general or special
general court may from time to time appoint, and such balance be exnmincd iind signed by two or more audi-
tors appointed by the said governors >S;c., and an abstract shewing the debts nnd cicdifs of the compnny,
signeil by two or more nuditors " shall be produced nt the general court of the said conipany, to be held on
the second 'riuirsdny in the month of Marcli in every yenr," for the inspection of the proprietors.
And further directs that for the transfer of shares, Mie books of the company may be closed " from lime
til time previous to the payment of any dividend for any time not exceeding one niontb."
I.'i. (irnnts nnd declares that if at any time it should bethought desirable by the court of directors for the
time being to incn ise tlu ir number to " not exceeiling fourteen," they may recommend the same nt the next
general court, or at a special geneinl court for that purpose. Or if tin" court of directors think at any time
the number of directors should be decreased to " not less than eight," the same inny be in like manner
recommended, nnd Ibe proprietors at such courts may carry such alterations into ell'ect ns the ens,' niny be,
" reference being had to the chnngc in the number of diiectors annually to viuale their otlices, nnd the order
of such vncating" in eonscipienee.
And further appoints " that two successive general courtsof thecom)inny specially enlled for the purpose,"
may resolve that the charter may be surrendered to the crown, provided there be personally present at each
such general court at the eommencemenf and when the whole or nny pnrt of the business to be transacted
siuill he decided on, "two-thirds at least of the proprietors (|unlilied to vote, and who shnll bold amongst
them not less than two-thirds of tlu capital stock."
" Provided also that at each such vTcneral court, the concurrence of (pialilled proprietors holding three-
littlis of the votes of the i|iialilied propiietors so present, shall be re(pnsite in order to come to any decision,"
mill that upon the surrender being made and accepted, "so much of the funds or )iro|ierty of the said com-
pany as shall not then consist of inoney," shall be converted into money, and so much of the funds of the
eiimpany " a» sbnil remain alter answering the claims nnd demands thereupon, shall be paid ti nnd ilistriliut(;d
liy the directors amongst the proprietors, their executors \,c.," according to their respective proportions.
And further directs and declares that in any of the provisions of the charter whether as to words used im-
piiitiiig singulnr or plural, or as to persons whether male or female, or " bodies politic and eorpornte ns well
ns iiidiviilnals," that " these our letters patent" shall be valid in law and ndiudged in the " most benetlcial
si use fur the best advantage ol the said corporation S.c.," and that these presents shall be made under the
great seal, Occ. Jtc.
" Witness oiirself nt our pnlace at Westminster, this twentietl day of I'Vliriiary, one thousand eight hun-
dred nnd thirty four, in llic fourth year of our reign."
" llv writ of I'rivy Seal."
" KDMUNDS."
-I I ]
'j i I
1
I ■
1
!
!
80
APPENDIX III.-NORTH AMERICA,
il > •' V^Tlu
R R 2.— A Statement of tlie Average Weight and Contents, in Pure Metal of the several Dollars, according
to their Dates, issued by the States of South America.
Species of Dollar.
Mexican Dollars, 1831
Mexican Dollars, 1832 ....
Mexican Dollars, 1833
Quarter Mexican Dollars
Quarter Central American Dollars
Eighth Central American Dollars
Quarter Boliviana Dollars, 183U
Half Boliviana Dollars
Boliviana Dollars, 1829
Boliviana Dollars, 1832
Peru Dollars, 1832
Peru Dollars, 1833 . . . .
Chili Dollars, 1833
Rio Plata Dollars
Quarter Columbia Cundinanmrca, 1821
Eighth Columbia Cundinamarca, 18'j|
Eighth Columbia, New Granada, Cundinamarca,
1813.
Average Weight.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
4 dwts.
3 dwts.
2 dwts.
4 dwts.
8 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
1 7 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
4 dwts.
2 dwts.
1 dwt.
10 4-inths. grs.
4 '.MOths. grs.
10 9-lOths. grs.
a D-IOths grs.
23 grs.
.'J-lOths. grs.
8 7-lOths. grs.
If. 8-lOths. grs.
8 3-lOths. grs.
7 <J-10ths. grs.
4 grs.
7 .-i-lOths. grs.
13 fi-lOth. grs.
1 8.10th3. grs.
8 grains.
7 .'i-inths. grs.
IG 5-lOths. grs.
Average Contents
in
Pure Metal.
15 dwts
l.") dwts
l.") dwts
3 dwts
3 dwts
1 dwt.
2 dwts
.") dwts
ir-, dwts
1,5 dwts
15 dwts
1 5 dwts
15 dwts
15 dwts
2 dwts
1 dwt.
dwt.
15 4.10ths. grs.
9 grs.
1 6 grs.
20 5-lOths. grs.
14 4-lOths. grs.
19 5.10ths. grs.
22 7-lOths. grs.
, 20 5-10th3. grs.
, 15 3-lOths. grs.
lOths. grs.
lOths. grs.
lOths. grs.
lOths. grs.
7 7-lOths. grs.
22 f.-lOths. grs.
13 grs.
22 9-lOths. grs.
15 2
11 1
15 f.
. 20 2
Comparison with the Old Spanish Dollar.
Species of Dollar.
The Old Spanish Dollar
Mexican Dollar, 1831
Ditto 1832
Ditto 1833
Boliviana Dollar 1829
Ditto 1832
Peru Dollar, 1832
Ditto 1833
Chili Dollar 1833
Rio Plata Dollar
The Old Spanish i Dollar
Boliviana ^ Dollar
The Old Spanish i Dollar
Mexican i Dollar
Central American ditto
Boliviana ditto
Columbia Cundinamarca,
1821.
The Old Spanish i Dollar
Central American J Dollar
Columbh' Cundinamarca,
1821.
Columbia New Granada,
CundirAmarca, ditto,
1821.
Assay Report.
Gross Weight.
Pure Metal.
If. 8 dwts.
W. f. 7-lOths. dwts.
W. 7i dwts.
W. 6 fi-lOths. dwts.
W. 5 G-lOths. dwts.
W. 5i dwts.
W. 5 8-lOths. dwts.
W. 5 dwts.
W. 5 r.-lOths. dwts.
W. G 2-3ds. dwts.
»'. 8 dnts.
W. 3 ox. i dwt.
U'.H dwtn.
W. t". 2-lOths. dwts.
W. 3 7-lOtlis. dwts.
W. 3 oz.
W. 2 oz. 19 dwts.
W. 8 dirts.
W, 7 1-lOth. dwts.
W. 3 oz. 2 dwts.
W. 4 oz, G dwts.
1 7 dwts. 8 "T,*.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
1 7 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
17 dwts.
10 4-lOths. grs.
4 9-lOths. grs.
10 9-lOths. grs.
8 3-lOths. grs.
7 9-lOths. grs.
4 grs.
7 5.10ths. grs.
13 G-lOths grs.
1 8-lOths. grs.
grs.
8 dwts. 16 grs.
8 dwts. IG 8-lOths. grs.
4 dwts, 8 grs.
I
4 dwts. G 9-lOths. grs.
3 dwts. 23 grs.
j4 dwts. M 7-lOths. grs.
j4 dwts. 8 grs.
2 dwts. 4 grs,
2 dwts. 5-lOths. grs.
2 dwts. 7 5-lOths. grs.
I ^ dwts. 10 d-lOths. inrs.
15 dwts. 15 4-lOths
15 dwts. 9 grs.
15 dwts. IG grs.
15 dwts. 15 3-lOths. grs.
15 dwts, 15 2-lOths. s;rs.
15 dwts. 11 l-lOths. grs.
15 dwts. 15 6-lOths. grs.
15 dwts 20 2-lOths. grs.
15 dwts. 7 7-lOths. grs.
1 dwts. 17 4.10//(s. grs.
5 dwts. 20 5-lOths. grs.
3 dwts. 20 l-lOths. grs.
3 dwts. 20 5-lOths. grs.
3 dwts. 14 4-lOths. grs.
|2 dwts. 22 7-lOths. grs.
12 dwts. 22 G-lOths. grs.
1 dwt. 22 4.10//W. grs.
1 dwt. 19 5-lOths. grs.
ll dwt. 13 grs.
1 dwt. 16 5-IOth8. grs. |0 dwl. 22 9-lOths. grs.
Mint Office, 14 February, 1834.
Coins in Ci
silver coins, t;
diiced, but tb
halfpenny, wl
United State
British guinn
Half Do.
British .sovert
Half Do.
I'nited States
Half Do.
Quarter Dc
L'liiled States
Half Do.
The French
cc'ived, and pa
The Genern
York, are les-
and in the isl:i
The opcrati'
tlip working o
The coal ni
miiios.
The Albion
distant about i
of St. I.awienc
Tlie strata a
cliice a coal, . I
most rcmarkal
tiirc of iron, oi
The followin
18'2H to Septeii
In 1828, 4,4
1.1,927; 183,>,
The coal Is r
The cstablisi
mines, the foui
tiriances. The
101), and the si
General Minin;
The Sydney
Scotia by the C
The Sydney
equal if not su
most extensive
The establish
the buildings n
In 1827. H, 7;
I, '.,302; 1834,
The Bridgcpr
the liaibonr wl
The sontherti b
\V. distance 8j
trance at Sydiii
nortiicrn and s(
The coal froii
ferior to it. .'V
and deposited a
This establisi
of wharfs, saw-]
the year 1829, '
In 1k29, 1,3;
M,43li 183G, l;
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
80 A
ars, accordiiii;
lontents
[ctal.
lOths. grs.
•s.
-lOths. grs.
■ lOths, grs.
lOths. grs.
■ lOths. grs.
■ I0tti3. grs.
-lOths. grs.
-loths. grs.
-lOtlis. grs.
-lOths. grs.
-lOths. grs.
loths. grs.
-lOths. grs.
3.
lOths. grs.
Metal.
O-lOths. ^ns.
4-lOths. grs.
rs.
grs.
3-lOths. grs.
2-lOtlis. <rrs.
1-lOths. grs.
fi- lot lis. grs,
2-lOths. i;rs.
lOtlis. grs.
4.I0//W. iT.v.
-lOths. grs.
7-lOMs. "■»■■«.
■ lOths. grs.
■ lOths. grs.
• lOtiis. grs.
-lOths. gis.
l-lO/Zw. ff/'s.
inths. grs.
lOtlis. grs.
Cuins in Citrtilalinn, in Uppnr Ctinirli. — British gold and silver coins, Spanish and Americnn gold and
silver coins, gold coins of France and Portugal, and French silver coins, Uritish cojiper coinage has hcen intro-
duced, hut there are a great quantity of copper tokens in circulation, of an inferior value to tiie British
halfpenny, which they represent ; they are hrought to the province by speculators and persons in trade ; the
United State cent is circulated as one halfpenny.
6th Wm. 4th Ch. 27. in force for 4 years.
British guinea
Half Do.
Britisli sovereign
Half Do.
IDited States eagle* .
Half Do.
Quarter Do.
United States eaglet
Half Do.
dwts
grs.
5
94
2
lfi:t
r,
34
2
13i
11
r,
r>
15
2
194
10
18
5
9
£ s.
1 5
12
1 4
12
2 13
d.
C
9
4
2
4
8
13 4
2 10
1 5
C
I Quarter Do.
Johannes of Portugal
i Half Do.
Moidore Do.
Milled Spanish doubloon
, Half Do.
Quarter Do.
French louis d'or
Do. pistole
d.
ir>4 j 12 r>
i 4
dwts. grs. ; £
2
18
9
r>
17
8
4
.'J
4
18
12
f.
4
4
10
14
1 17
18
1 2
18
6
3
74
8
3
* Coined before July \H?\. f Coined since July 1834.
The French crown coined, before 1793, ^}s. Cul. currency, Ikitisb, Portuguese, and American gold, i» re-
ceived, and paid at 4/, 9*. currency, per oz. Troy ; French and Spanish Gold at 4/. 8s. 74^.
S S.— NOVA SCOTIA AND CAPE lUlETOX MINING COMPANY.
The General Mining Association as tenants of the Crown, and of His late Royal Highness the Duke of
York, are lessees of all the mines and minerals of every description in the province of Nova Scotia Proper,
and in the island and county of Cape Breton.
The operations of the Association commenced there in the year 1827, and have hitherto been confined to
tlio working of coal mines, and the discovery of iron ore.
The coal mines opened and at work are three in number — the Albion, the Sydney, and the Bridgeport
mines.
The Albion mines are situated on the banks of the East River, in the district of Pictou, or Poictou, and
distant about eight miles and a lialf from the town of that name, a port of safe and easy access on the Gulf
of St. Lawrence. A lighthou'^c has lately hcen erected on the coast, near Pictou.
The strata are similar in their formation to those of the StalVordshire coal fields, and like the latter pro-
duce a coal, . liich, good an<l serviceable as it is for household use, is, however, from ils peculiar properties
most remarkable for excellence for the purposes of steam, and maiuifactures, and especially for the manufac-
ture of iron, on account of the absence of sulphur in its composition.
The following return shews the (piantities of co-.! shipped from the Albion mines, from the beginning of
18'2H to September, ls31, distinguishing the tpiantitv in each year: —
III 1828, 4,4C7 chaldrons; 1829, r),841; 1830, r,,42C ; 1831,8,345; 1832,12,020; 1833,19,890; 1834,
ll,9J7; 183.'), 18, Hi I ; 18;ir,, 3r,,322 ; 1837, 3(;,f,47.
The coal is raised from four shafts by the aid of steam pumping, and winding engines.
The establishment at the Albion mines consists of upwards of 400 persons enijiloyed in and about the
mines, the foundry, and the rail-road, steam-boat, and b.irges, the brick kilns, &c., and their several appur-
tenances. The number of dwelling houses and buildings rerpiired for these various works is little short of
101), and the small town of New Glasgow, owes its birth and existence to the presence and operations of the
General Mining Association in this part of the country.
The Sydney and Bridgeport Mines are both in the island of Cape Breton, which is separated from Nova
Scotia by tiie Gut of Canso.
The Sydney mines are situated on the N. \V. entrance of Sjianish River or Sydney harbour, a harbour
etpial if not superior to any in British America, and which is accessible in ail winds. It is here that the
most extensive operations of the Association are carried on.
'I he establishment fit the Sydney mines consists of about 300 persons, and occupies f)0 houses, including
tlie buildings required for the works. Quantities of coal shipped from these mines from the year 1827 :
In 1827,H,77Cchaldrons; lH:i8, 10,2r,r) ; 182'J, ;),<J03 ; 1830, 1 1,8<.)8 ; IHIU, 13,882 ; 1832, ly,y49; 1833,
l.-.,3()2; 1834, ll,r)'.»3; 1835, 1.'>,4.''.9 ; 1830, 31, iKf) ; 1S37, 35,151 chaldrons.
The Bridgeport mines are situated on the southern shore of Indian Bay, one mile and three tpiarters from
tlip harbour where vessels load, and which is jierfectly secure for shipping in the most boisterous weather.
The sinithcrn head of Indian Bay, which is cnlled Cape Table, bears by compass from Flint Island N. W. by
W. distance h4 miles, and the northern head of the Bay bears from the lighthouse on Flat Point at the en-
trance at Sydney harbour S. E. distance 4 miles. Vessels may run safely into 4 fathoms water between the
nortlicrn and southern heads.
The coal from these mines is of excellent (piality, of the same description as the Sydney, and not at all in-
ferior '.0 it. .-V rail-road has been laid from the |)its to the shipping place, and along which the coal is carried
and deposited at once in the holds of the vessels.
This establishment employs about 150 ])ersons ; the houses and buildings exceed 20 in number exclusive
of wharfs, saw- pits, 8cc. The following (piantities of coal have been shipped from the Bridgeport mines from
the year 1H29, when they were first opened :
In 1«29, 1,325 chaldrons; 1830, 3,425; 1831, f),851 ; 1832, 10,890; 183.3, 9,805; 1834, 7,142; 1835,
x,431; 183f., 12,550; 1837, 13,121 chaldrons.
k 2
hi
80 B
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
The extent and power of the veins or scams of coal already discovered in Nova Scotia, render them as it
were inexhaustible, and when the capabilities of the mines opened by the association are fully developed,
they will be equal to supply any demand.
The benefit and advantages accruing from the presence and operations of the General Mining As-
sociation in Nova Scotia have hitherto been exclusively reaped by the colony and the Mother Coun-
try.
The capital of the General Mining Association is 400,000*. divided m 20,000 shares of 20/. each. Of
this sum 340,000/. or 17/. per share have already been subscribed, of which 240,000/. or 12/. per share have
been applied to the operations of Nova Scotia. On the otiier hand the Association possess in Nova Scotia
considerable property in mines, machinery, implements, steam boats and other craft, wharfs, and houses,
and about 14,000 acres of land.
The rail-road constructed by the Company has cost 40,000/. ; and locomotive engines are now being sent
out for the first time to North America.
T T.— THE ROYAL CHARTER FOR INCORPORATING THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY.
m >:
Charles the Second by the Grace of God, King of Eni^land, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of (lie
Faith, i^c.
To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting :
Whereas our dear and entirely beloved Cousin, Prince Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of
Bavaria and Cumberland, &c.; Christopher, Dulce of Albemarle; William, Darl of Craven; Henry, Lord
Arlington ; Anthony, Lord Ashley ; Sir John Robinson ; and Sir Robert Vyner, Knights and Baronets j Sir
Peter Colleton, Baronet ; Sir Edward Hungerford, Knight of the Bath ; Sir Paul Neele, Knight ; Sir John
Griffith and Sir Phillip Carteret, Knights ; James Hayes, John Kirke, Francis Millington, William Pretty-
man, John Fenn, Esquires ; and John Portman, Citizen and Goldsmith of London ; have, at their own great
cost and charges, undertaken an Expedition for Hudson's Bay in the north-west |)art of America, for the
discovery of a new passage into the South Sea, and for the finding some trade for furs, minerals, and other
considerable commodities, and by such their undertaking, have already made such discoveries as do encourage
them to proceed further in pursuance of their said design, by means whereof there may probably arise very
great advantage to us and our kingdom.
And whereas, the said undenakers, for their further encouragement in the said design, have humbly he-
sought us to incorporate them, and grant unto them, and their successors, the sole trade and commerce of
nil those seas, streights, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds, in whatsoever latitude they shall be, that lie
within the entrance of the streights cor .uonly called Hudson's streights, together with all the lands, coun-
tries and territories, upon the coasts and confines of the seas, streights, bays, rivers, lakes, creeks and sounds,
aforesaid, which are not now actually possessed by any of our subjects, or by the subjects of any other
Christian Prince or State.
Now know yp That we being desirous to promote all endeavours tending to the public good of our peojjie,
and to encour.gc the said undertaking have, of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, given
granted, ratified and confirmed, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, do give, grant, ratify
and confirm, unto our said cousin, Prince Rupert ; Christopher, Duke of Albemarle ; William, Earl of
Craven; Henry, Lord Arlington; Anthony, Lord Ashley; Sir John Robinson; Sir Robert Vyner; Sir
Peter Colleton; Sir Edward Hungerford; Sir Paul Neele; Sir John Griffith; and Sir Philip Cartaret;
Jaff.os Hayes, John Kirke, Francis Millington, William Prettyman, John Fenn, and John Portman ; that
they, and such others as shall be admitted into the said society as is hereafter expressed, shall be one body
corporate and politique, in deed and in name, by the name of the governor and company of adventurers of
England, trading into Hudson's Bay, and them by the name of the governor and company of adventurers of
England, trading into Hudson's Bay, one body corporate and politique, in deed and in name, really and fully
for ever, for us, our heirs and successors, we do make, ordain, constitute, establish, confirm and declare, hy
these presents, and that by the same name of governor and company of adventurers of England, trading
into Hudson's Bay, they shall have perpetual succession, and that they and their successors, by the name
of the governor and company of adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay, be and at all times
hereafter shall be, personable and capable in law to have, purchase, receive, possess, enjoy, and retain lands,
rents, privileges, liberties, jurisdictions, franchises, and hereditaments, of what knid, nature or ([uality
soever they be, to them and their successors ; and also to give, grant, demise, alien, assign, and dispose
lands, tenements, and hereditaments, and to do and execute all and singular other things by the same name
that to them shall or may appertain to do. And that they, and their successors, by the name of the go-
vernor and company of adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, may plead, and be impleaded,
answer, and be answered, defend, and be defended, in whatsoever courts and places, before whatsoever judges
and justices, and other persons and officers, in all and singular actions, pleas, suits, quarrels, causes and de-
mands, whatsoever, of whatsoever kind, nature, or sort, in such manner and form as any other our liege
people of this our realm of England, being persons able and capable in law, may, or can have, purchase,
receive, possess, enjoy, retain, give, grant, demise, alien, assign, dispose, plead, defend, and be defended, do,
permit, and execute. And that the said governor and company of adventurers of England, trading into
Iludson's Bay, and their Buccessors, may have a common seal to serve for all the causes and businesses of
,k
w-..
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
80 C
ider them as it
ully developed,
il Mining As-
Mother Coun-
20/. each. Of
per share have
n Nova Scotia
Fs, and houses,
now being sent
OMPANY.
^fender of the
Rhine, Duke of
; Henry, Lord
1 Baronets; Sir
light ; Sir Joiin
kViliiam Pretty-
tiieir own great
imerica, for tlie
icrals, and other
us do encourage
ibably arise very
ave humbly be-
nd commerce of
hall be, that lie
he lands, coun-
eks and sounds,
ts of any other
(d of our peo])le,
•e motion, given
ve, grant, ratify
Yiiliam, Earl of
lert Vyner ; Sir
lilip Cartaret;
Portman ; that
11 be one body
adventurers of
adventurers of
really and fully
and declare, by
ingland, trading
s, by the name
nd at all times
id retain lands,
;ure or (niality
gn, and dispose
the same name
.me of the go-
be impleaded,
latsoever judges
causes and de-
other our liege
have, purchase,
le defended, do,
id, trading into
id businesses of
them and their successors, and that it shall and may be lawful to the said governor, and their successors, the
same seal, from time to time, at their will and pleasure, to break, change, and to make anew, or alter, as to
them shall seem expedient. And further we will, and by these presents for us, our heirs and successors, we
do ordain, that there shall be, from henceforth one of the same company to be elected and appointed in
such form as hereafter in these presents is expressed, which shall be called the governor of the said Com-
jiany. And that the said governor and company shall or may elect seven of their number in such form as
hereafter in these presents is expressed, which shall be called the committee of the said company, which
committee (if seven, or any three of them, together with the governor or deputy-governor of the said com-
l)any for the time being, shall have the direction of the voyages of and for the said company, and the Pro-
vision of the shipping and merchandizes thereunto belonging, and also the sale of all merchandizes, goods, and
other things returned, in all or any of the voyages or ships of or for the said company, and the managing
and handling of all other business, affairs and things, belonging to the said company. And we will, ordain,
and grant, by these presents for us, our heire and successors, unto the said governor and Company, and
their successors, that they the said govc-nor and company and their successors, shall, from henceforth for
ever be ruled, ordered, and governed, according to such manner and form as is hereafter in these presents
expressed, and not otherwise : And that they shall have, hold, retain, and enjoy, the grants, liberties, privi-
leges, jurisdictions and immunities, only hereafter in these presents granted and expressed, and no other.
And for the better execution of our will and grant in this behalf, we have assigned, nominated, constituted,
and made, by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, we do assign, nominate, constitute, and make,
our said cousin Prince Rupert, to be the first and present governor of the said company, and to continue in
the said office from the date of these presents until the 10th November then next following, if he the said
Prince Rupert, shall so long live, and so until a new governor be chosen by the said company in form here-
after expressed. And also we have assigned nominated and appointed, and by these presents, for us, our
heirs and successors, we do assign, nominate and constitute, the said Sir John Robinson, Sir Robert Vyner,
Sir Peter Colleton, James Hayes, John Kirke, Francis Millington, and John Portman, to be the seven first
and present committees of the said company, from the date of these presents until the said 10th day of No-
vember then also next following, and so until new committees shall be chosen in form hereafter expressed.
And further we will and grant by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, unto the said governor
and company, and their successors, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said governor and company
for the time being, or the greater part of them present at any public assembly, commonly called, the court
general to be holdcn for the said company, the governor of the said company being always one, from time to
time to elect, nominate and appoint one of the said company to be deputy to the said governor, which deputy
shall take a corporal oath before the governor, and three or more of the committee of the said company, for
the time being, well, truly, and faithfully to execute his said office of deputy to the governor of the said
company, and after his oath so taken, shall and may from time to time, in the absence of the said governor,
exercise and execute the office of governor of the said company, in such sort as the said goverrtor ought to
do. And further wc will and grant by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors, unto the said gover-
nor and company of adventurers of England, trading into Hudson's Bay, and their successors, that they, or
the greater part of them, whereof the governor for the time being, or his deputy, to be one, from time to
time, and at all times hereafter, shall and may have authority and power, yearly and every year, between the
first and last day of November, to assemble and meet together in some convenient place, to be appointed
from time to time by the governor, or in his absence by the deputy of the said governor, for the time being,
and that they being so assembled, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said governor, or deputy of the
said governor, and the said company for the time being, or the greater part of them which then shall happen
to be present, whereof the governor of the said company, or his deputy for the time being, to be one, to
elect and nominate one of the said company, which shall be governor of the said company for one whole
year, then next following, which person being so elected and nominated '.o be governor of the said company,
as is aforesaid, before he be admitted to the execution of the said office, shall take a corporal oath before the
last governor, being his predecessor or his deputy, and any three or more of the committee of the said com-
pany for the time being, that he shall from time to time, well and truly execute the office of goveriuir of
the said company, in all things concerning the same; and that immediately after the same oath so taken,
he shall, and may execute and use the said office of governor of the said company, for one whole year from
thence next following. And in like sort, we will and ,'rant, that as well every one of the above named to
be of the said company or fellowship, as all others hereafter to be admitted, or free of the said company,
shall take a corporal oath before the governor of the said company, or his deputy for the time being, to such
elTect as by the said governor and company, or the greater part of them, in any public court to be held for
the said company, shall be in reasonable and legal manner set down and devised, before they shall be allowed
or admitted to trade or as a freeman of the said company. And further, we will and grant traffick by these
presents, for us, our heirs and successors, unto the said governor, or deputy governor, and the rest of the
said company, and their successors for the time being, or the greater part of them ; whereof the governor
or deputy governor, from time time, to be one, shall and may from time to time, and at all times hereafter,
have power and authority yearly, and every year, between the first and last day of November, to assemble
and meet together in some convenient place, from time to time to be appointed by the said governor of the
said company, or in his absence by his deputy ; and that they being so assembled, it shall and may be law-
ful to and for the said governor, or his deputy and the company for the time being, or the greater part of
them, which then shall happen to be present, whereof the governor of the said company, or his deputy for
the time being to be one, to elect and nominate seven of the said company, which shall be a committee of
the said company, for one whole year from then next ensuing, which persons being so elected and nomi-
nated to be a committee of the said company as aforesaid, before they be admitted to the execution of their
office, shall take a corporal oath before the governor or his deputy, and any three or more of the said com-
mittee of the said comp«iny, being their last predsceasors, that they, aiid every of them, shall well and
80 U
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
I 'I
iilj
il'
faitlifiilly pprform their snid ofTire of coinmittocs in i>ll t ings concerning the same, and that immrdintply
after the snid natli so tnkeii ttiey shall nml may execite a"(l use tlieir said office of cominittccs of the said
compiiny, for one wlioie year from tlieiice next following.
And moreover, onr will and pleasure is, and hy flies'- i. resents for us, our hcir» and successors, wp do
grant onto the said governor and company, and their sncci^sors, that when, and as often as it shall happen,
the governor or deputy governor of the said company f-"- the time heing, at any time within one year after
that he shall he nominated, elected, and svvorn to the oHice of the governor of the said company, as is afore-
said, to die or to be removed from the said otViee, which governor or deputy-governor not demeaning himself
well i;i his said ollice, we will to he removable at the pleasure of the rest of the said company, or the greater
part of them which shall he present at their puhlie asscmhlies, eommonly called, their j;eneral courts, holden
for the said company, that then and so often it shall and nia;' he lawful to and for the residue of the said
compa.iy, for the time Ixing, or the greater part of them, witi'in a convenient time, after the death or re-
moving of any such governor or deputy-governor to assemhie t,\emselves in such convenient place as they
shall think lit, f<u- the election of the governor or de|)uty-g()vern )r of the said company ; and that the said
company or the greater part of them, heing then and tiiere pres;nt, shall and nuty, then and there, before
their departure from the said place, elect and nominate one other of the snid company ; to be governor or
deputy-governor for the said companv, in the place aiul stead of liim that so died or was removed; which
person being so electid and nominated to the ollice of governor or deputy-governor of the said compi.ny,
shall liavc and exercise the said ofVic, for and during the residue of the said year, taking first a corporal
oath, as is aforesaid, for the due execution thereof; and this to lie done from time to time, so often as the
case shall sorcrpiirc. And also, our will and pleasiue is, and by these presents, for us, our heirs ami succes-
sors, we do grant unto the said governor and company, that when, and as often as it shall ha|)|)i'n any person
or persons of the coinmittee of the said company for the time being, at any time within one year next after
that they or any of them shall he nominated, elected ami sworn to the ollice of committee of the said cnm-
pany ns is aforesaid, to die or to be removed from the said ollice, which coinmittees not demeaning them-
selves well in their said ollice, we will to be renuivable at tlu' pleasure of the said governor and compatiy or
the greater part of them, whereof the governor of the said company, for the time being, or his deputy, to 1h'
one ; that tlicn and so often it shall and may be lawful to and for the said govertuir, and the rest of the coin-
pany fir the time beiiu, cuthe greater part of them, whereof the governor for the time being or his deputy
to be one, within convenient time after the death or rcnuiving of any of the said committee, to assemlile
themselves i!i such ccuivenient place, as is, or shall be, usual ami accustomed for the election of the goviriuir
of the said company, (U- where else the governor of the said company for the time being, or his deputy, shiill
appoirt. And that the said governor and company or the greater part of them whereof the governor for the
time being or liis deputy, to be one, heing then and there present, shall, and may, then and there belnrc
their departure from the said place, elect and nominate one or more of the said company to be of the conuiiittei'
of the said company in the place and stead of him or them that so died, or were or was so removed, which
person or persons so nominated and elected to the ollice of committee of the said company, shall have and
exercise the said ollice, for and during the resiilue of the said year, taking first a corporal oath as is aforesaid,
for the due execution thereof, and this to he done from time to time, so often as the case shall recpiire. And
to the end the said governor and company of adventurers of luiglaiul trading into Hudson's I5ay may lie
encouraged to undertake, and eU'ectually to prosecute the said design, of our more especial grace, certain
knowledge, and mere motion, we have given, granted and confirmed, an<l by these presents, for us, our heirs anil
successors, do give, grant, and conlirm unto the said governor and company, aiul their successors, the side
trade and comn\erce of all those seas, streights, hays, rivers, lakes, creeks, and sounds, in vclmtsoever latitude
they shall be, that lie within the entrance of the streights, commonly called Hudson's Streights, togeflier
with nil the lands and territories iiiion the countries, coasts, and confines of the seas, bays, lakes, rivers,
creeks, and sounds aforesaid, that are not already actually possessed by, or granted to any of our subjects, or
possessed !iy the subjects of any other C'hiistain prince or state, with tlic fishing of all sorts of fish, whales,
sturgeons, and all other ro\.l fishes, in the seas, hays, inlets, and rivers within the |)remises, and the fi^li
therein taken ; together with the royalty (if the sea upon the coasts within the limits aforesaid, and all mines
royal, as well di covered as no! discovend, of gold, silver, gems, and precious stones, to he foniul or discovered
within the territories, limits, and places aforesaid, and that the saicl land be from henceforth reckoned and
repntetl as one of our plantations or colonies in America called Hupert's Land. And further, we do, by these
presi iifs, for us, our heirs, and successors, teake, create, and constitute the said governor and compiuiy fcir
the time heing, and tluir successors, the true and absolute lords and projirietors of the same territory, limits
and places aforesaid, an<l of all other the premises, saving alw ays, the faith, allegiance, and sovereign dnininioii
due to ns, our heirs, and successors for the same, to have, bold, possess, and enjoy the said territory, limits,
and pli'.ces, and all and singular other the premises hereby granted as aforesaid, with their and every of their
rights, members, jurisdictions, prerogatives, royalties, and npimrtenances whatsoever, to them the said
governor and company, and their successors, for ever, to be holden of us, our heirs, and successors, as of niir
manor of Kast Greenwich, in our county of Kent, in free and cominon soccage, and not incapiteorby
kt-.i^lit's service ; yielding and paying yearly to us, oiir heirs, and successors for the saine, two elks and tvvn
black heavers, whensoever and as oft<n as we, our heirs, and successors shall happen to enter into the said
countries, territories, and rigions hereby granted. And further, our will and pleasure is, and by these
presents, for us, our heirs and successors, we do grant unto the said governor and company, and to t'lclr
successors, that it shall and may he lawful to and for the said governor and company, and their successors,
from time to time, to assemble themselves, for or about any of the matters, causes, allairs, or business of
the said trade, in any place or places for the same, convenient, within our dominions or elsewhere, and there
to hold court for the said company, and the allairs thereof; and that also it shall and may be lawful to and
for them, and the greater part of them, being so assemhlid, and that shull then and there he present, in any
such place or places whereof the governor or his deputy for the time l.^ing to be one, to make, ordain, and
Ari'KN'DlX III.— NORTH AMICRICA.
81
ronstilutc su(;h and so mnny rrsisoimbk' laws, coiisfitiitions, orders uiid ordinfinccs n» to them, or the greater
part of them, he'mg then ai\d there present, shall seem nccessiiry and convenient for the good government
ol' the said company, and of all (^ovir irs of enlonies, forls and plantations, factors, masters, mariners, ami
other oflicers empl(>yed or to lie employed in any of tie territorii's and lands aforesaid, nnd in any of their
voyages ; and for the better advanciinent ami eontiniiaiice (if the said trade, or tratlie and plantnMDns, and
the same laws, eonstitntions, onlirs, and ordinances so made to he put in use and ixecute accordingly, and
at their pleasure to revoke and alti'r the same-, or any of them, as the occasion shall reipiire : And that the
sni<l governor and company, so often as tlu y shall make, ordain, or establish any such laws, constitutions,
orders, and ordinances, in such form as aforesaid, shall and may lawfully impose, ordain, limit, and provide
such piiins, peiialtiis, and pnnishnunts upon all olfenders, contiary to such laws, constitutions, orders, and
ordinances, or any of them, as to the said gnvirniu' and company for -!.e time being, or the greater part of
them, then and thi're being present, the said governor or his deputy being always one, shall seem necessary,
re(pnsite, or convenient lor the nbservati'in of the same laws, <:iiiistitutious, orders, and ordinances ; and tlie
same fines and amerciaments shall and may by their olhcers and servants, from time to time to he appointed
for that purpose, levy, take, and have, to the use of the said g(jvernor and comiiany, ami their successors,
without the impediment '-f us, inu' heirs unil successors, or of any the otheeis or ministers of us, our heirs
or successors, and without any aecouut thereof, to us, our heirs or successors to he made. All and singular
which laws, constitutions, orders, and ordinances, so as aforesaid, to he made, we will, to be dul> observed
aiul kept, \mder the pains and penalties therein to he contained ; so always as the said laws, constitutions,
(iiilers ami ordinanci's, lines and amerciaments, be reasoiiabh', an<l not contrary or rejiugnant, hut as near as
may be agreeable to the laws, statutes, or cust(nus o( this our realm. ;\n(l furthermore, of our ample and
almndant grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we have granted, and by these presents, for us, our
heirs and successors, do grant unto the said governorand company, anil tl.eir successors, that they, and their
successors, and their factors, servants, and agents, lor them and on their behalf, and not otherwise, shall for
ever hereafter have, use and enjoy, not only the whole, entire, and only trade and tralliek, and the whole,
riitire, and only liberty, use, and privilege of trading and franicking to and fnun the territory, limits, and
places aforesaid ; but also the whole and entire trade and tralliek to and from all havens, bays, creeks, rivers,
lakes, and seas into which they shall find entrance or passage by water or iaiul out of the territories, limits,
or places aforesaid ; and to and with all the natives and peo|)le inhabiting, or which shall inhabit within the
territories, limits, and places aforesaid; and to and with all other nations inhibiting any the coasts adjacent
to the said terntoriis, limits, and places which are not already possessed as aforesaid, or whereof the sole
lilurty or privilege or tiade and tralliek is not granted to any other of our subjects. And we, of our further
royal favour, aiul of our nxu-e especial grace, certain knowlc<lge, and mere motion, have granted, and by these
jiresents for us, our heirs and successors, do grant to the said governor and company, and to their successors,
that neither the said territories, limits, and places hereby granted as aforesaid, nor any part thereof, nor the
islands, havens, ports, cities, towns or placis thereof, or therein contained, shall be visited, frecpiented or
haunted, by any of the subjects of us, our heirs or successors, contrary to the true meaning of these presents,
and by virtue of our prerogative royal, which we will not have in that belialf argued or brought into ciuestion ;
we streightly charge, command and prohibit, for us, our heirs and succes.sors, all the subjects of us, our heirs
and successors, of what degree or ipiality soever they he, that none of them directly or indirectly do visit,
liaunt, frequent or trade, tratlie or adventure, by way of merchandize, into or from any the said territories,
limits, or places hereby granted, or any, or either of them, other than the said governor nnd company, and
such jiartieular persons as now be, or liereafter shall be, of that company, their agents, factors and a.ssigns,
unless it be by the license and agreement of the said governor and company in writing first had and obtained,
under their common seal, to be granted, upon pain that every such person or persons that shall trade or
trnflic into or from any of the countries, territories, or limits aforesaid, other tlian the said governor and
company, and their successors, shall incur our indignation, and the forfiiture and the loss of the goods,
niercliandizes, and other things whatsoever, which so shall be brought into this realm of Jlngland, or any
the dominions of the same, contrary to our said prohibition, or the purport or true meaning of these presents,
for which the said governor and company shall find, take, and seize, in other places out of our dominions,
where the said company, tluir agents, factors, or ministers, shall trade, trallic, or inhabit, by virtue of these
our letters patent, as also the ship and ships, with the furniture thereof, wherein such goods, merchandizes,
and other things, shall he brouglit and found, the one half of all the said forlVitures to be to us, our heirs,
aial successors, and the other half there(d' we do by these presents (-learly and wlmlly for us, our heirs, and
successors, give and grant unto the said governor and con.;. my, and their successors. And furtlu r, all and
every the said oll'endeis, for tlicir said contempt, to sillier such other punishnKiit as to us, our heirs and
successors, for so high a contempt, shall seem meet and convenient, and nut to be in any wise delivered until
tliey, and every of them, shall become bound unto the said governor for the time being in the sum of one
thousand pounds at the least, at no time then after to trade or trallic into any of the said places, seas,
streiglits, hays, ports, havens, or territories ahucsaid, contrary to our express commandment, in that behalf
set down and published. And further, of our more especial grace, we have condescended and granted, and
by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, do grant unto the said governor and company, and their
successors, that we, our heirs and successors, will not praiu liberty, license, or power to any ])erson or
persons whatsoever, contrary to the tenor of these our letters |)atent, to trade, tralliek, or inhabit unto or
upon any of the territories, limits, or places afore specified, contrary to the true meaning of these presents,
without the consent of the said goveriior and company, or the most part of them. And of our more abnn-
liaiit grace and favour to the said governor and company, we do hereby declare our will and pleasure to be,
that if it shall st) happen, that any of the persons free or to be free of the said company ol adventurers of
I'.iigland trading into Hudson's Day, who shall, before the going forth of any ship or ships appointed for a
voyage or otherwise, promise or agree by writing un<ler his or tlieir hands, to adventure any sum of money
towards the furnishing any provision, or maintenance of any voyage or voyages, set forth, or to be set forth,
li'N
f ii'
P2
APPF.NniX 111.— NORTH AMKRICA,
I
hi 11
or inteiiHpd or incnnt to be sot forth, by the said (governor or company, (;r tlie more pnrt of them present at
uny pubbik assembly, comuKiiily called their general court, shall not, within the space of twenty days next
after warning k'^'" '" 1'"" or them, by the said governor or company, or their known olliccr or minister,
brinp; in and deliver to the trcnsnrer or treasurers appointed for the company such sums of money as ishall
have been expressed and set down in writing, by the said per.^on or persons, subscribed with the name of the
said adventurer or adventurers, that then and at all times after it shall and nriy be lawful to and for the said
governor and company, or the more ))art of them present, whereof the said governor or bis deputy to be one,
nt any of their general courts or general assend)lies, to remove and disfranchise him or them, and every such
person and persons at their wills and jileasures, and he or they so removed or disfranchisi'd not to be permitted
to trade into the countries, tcrritinies, and lindts aloresiiid, or any |)art thereof, nor to have any adventure
or stock going or reniaining with or amongst the said company, without the special license of the said
governor and company, or the more part of them present at any general court first h:ul and obtained in that
behalf, any thing in these presents to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding. And our will and
pleasure is, and hereby wc do also ordain, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said governor and
company, or the greater part of them, whereof the governor for the time being, or his dt jjufy to be one, to
admit into and to be of the said company all such servants or factors of or for the said company, and nil
such others, as to them, or the most part of them jiresent, at any court held for the said company, the
governor or his deputy being one, shall be thought tit and agreeable with the orders and ordniances made
and to be made for the government of the said company. And further, our will and pleasure is, and hy
these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, we do grant unto the said governor and company, and to
their successors, thiit it shall and may be lawful in all elections and bye-laws to he made by the general court
of the adventurers of the said com|)any, that every person shall liave a nutnber of votes according to his
stock, that is to say, for every hinidred pounds by him subscribed or brought into the present stock, one
vote, and that any of those that have subscribed less than one hundred iiounds, may join their respective
sums to make nj) one hundred poimds, and have one vote jointly for the same, and not otherwise. And
further, of our espet:ial grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we do for us, our heirs, and successors,
grant to and with the said governor and company of adventurers of Knglaud trading into Hudson's Hay,
that all lands, islands, territories, i)lantations, forts, fortilications, factories, or colonics, where the said
company's factories and trade are or shall be, within any the ports or places afore limited, shall be imme-
diately and from henceforth, under the jxjwer and command of the said governor and company, their
successors and assigns; saving the faith and allegiance due to be |)erformed to us, our heirs, and successors
as aforesaid; and that the said governor and company shall liavc liberty, full power, and authority to ap|)oiiit
and establish governors and all other officers to govern them, and that the governor and his coinicil of the
several and rcs|)ective places where the said company shall have plantations, forts, factories, colonies, or
places of trade within any the countries, lands, or territories hereby granted, may have power to judge all
jjcrsons belonging to the said governor and company, or that shall live under them, in all causes, whether
civil or criminal, according to the laws of this kingdom, and to execute justice accordingly. And in case
any crime or misdemeanor shall he committed in any of the said company's jjlantations, forts, factories, or
places of trade within the limits aforesaid, where judicature cannot be executed for want of a governor and
council there, then and in such case it shall and may be lawful for the chief factor of that jilace and his
council to transmit the party, together with the oUcncc, to such other plantations, factory, or fort wlure
there shal! be a governor and council, where justice may he executed, or into this kingdom of Kngland, as
shall be thought most convenient, there to receive such ])unishment as the nature of his otl'ence shall
deserve. And moreover, our will and pleasure is, and by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors,
we do give and grant unto the said governor and company, and their successors, free liberty and license, in
case they conceive it necessary, to send either ships of war, men, or ammunition, unto any their plantations,
forts, factories, or places of trade aforesaid, for tlie security and defence of the same, and to choose com-
manders and officers over them, and to give them ])ower and authority, by commission under their common
seal, or otherwise, to continue or make jjcace or war with any prince or people whatsoever, that are not
Christians, in any places where the said comjjany shall have any plantations, forts, or factories, or adjacent
thereunto, as shall be most for the advantage and benefit of the said governor and company, and of their
trade ; and also to right and recompense themselves upon the goods, estate, or people of those parts, hy
whom the said governor and company shall sustain any injury, loss, or damage, or upon any other people
whatsoever that shall any way, contrary to the intent of these presents, interrupt, wrong, or injure them in
their said trade, witliin the said places, territories, and limits granted by this charter. And it shall and inay
be lawful to and for the said governor and company, and their successors, from time to time, and at all times
from henceforth, to erect and build such castles, fortifications, forts, garrisons, colonies or plantiitions, towns
or villages, in any jiarts or jjlaces within the limits and bounds g.anted before in those presents, unto the
said governor and company, as they in their discretion shall think fit and requisite, and for the supply of
such as shall he needful and convenient, to keep and be in the same, to send out of this kingdom, to the
said castles, forts, fortifications, garrisons, colonies, plantations, towns or villages, all kinds of clothing, pro-
vision of victuals, ammunition, and implements necessary for such jjurpose, paying the duties and customs
for the same, and also to transport and carry over such number of men, being willing thereunto, or not pro-
hibited, as they shall think fit, and also to govern them in such legal and reasonable manner as the said
governor and company shall think best, and to infiict punishment for misdemeanors, or impose such fines
upon them for breach of their orders, as in these jircsents are formerly expressed. And further, our will
and pleasure is, and by these presents, for us, our heirs, and successors, we do grant inito the said governor
and company, and to their successors, fidl jiower and lawful authority to seize upon the persons of all such
English, or any other our subjects, which shall sail into Hudson's Hay, or inhabit in any of the countries,
islands, or territories hereby granted to the said governor and company, without their leave and license in
that behalf first had and obtained, or that shall contemn or disobey their orders, and send them to England;
snd that all
company, wl
for any otl'en
and compan;
person or pe
ciinipany, in
(lone, shall i
said presidet
l)risoiicrs int
cause shall ri
to be done u
the said voyi
their respecti
masters, pun
persons, tone
so as the saii
realm. Ami
tices, mayors
subjects whal
to their succc
in executing
thereunto bo
set forth, ord;
notwithstandi
at Westmin.st
An Act to ei
Hill! I)e sued in t
[The Local :
each tftantcil to
WiiKiiKAs sever
Hank of British
ens cities, town
Xortli America,
Itank :
And wlicrca
And wlierra
for or on accoiii
stciil, iiijore, or
injure or deiraiu
mn>t in such ca>
alias,' (uid remov
Tliat it may l)0 c
I.Drds SpiritiuU a
Iroin and alter tl
iir prosccuteil wi
will) may lieroalt
other proceeding'
real or personal
faiil company or
tlicreof, or upon
ia trn-t for tlie s;
tracts, or asreci
with any person
ln'iu'fit tlicreof, i
tnr i.^siiinff or p;
aijaiiut any pcr^'
persons in trust I
li;iiil<ni)it or liaii
liel:uul, or to scii
missions of liank
tlie said comp:\ir
witliin the I'liitii
persons, or body
lioily or liodies p'
prietnrs, cir otlier
made, instituted,
when any siidi :
niiiial iilaintitf, i'
and :ill actions, ■
instituted, or pro
sueli person or pi
of respectively, i
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
H3
rik! thftt all and every person or persons, being our subjects, any ways cmplo5'eil by the snid governor and
company, within any the parts, piiices, and limits aforesaid, shall he liable unto and HUlIer such punishment
for any ofl'ences by them committed in tlie parts aforesaid, as the president and council for the said governor
and company there shall tliink fit, and the merit of the ollVnce shall re(piire, as aforesaid ; and in case any
piTson or persons being convicted and sentenced by the president and council of the said governor and
coni|)any, in the countries, lands, or limits aforesaid, their factors or agents there, for any olfenco by them
(lone, shall a|)peal from the same; that then and in such case, it shall and may he lawful to and for the
said president and council, factors or agents, to seize upon him or them, and to carry him or tluin, home
prisoners into I'.ngland, to the said governor and company there to receive such condign punishment as his
cause shall require, and the law of this nation allow of; and for the better discovery of abuses and injuries
to be done »nito the governor and company, or their successors, by any servant by them to he employed in
the said voyages and plantations, it shall and may be lawful to and for the said governor and company, and
their respective president, chief agent or governo' in the parts aforesaid, to examine upon oath nil factors,
masters, pursers supercargoes, conunanders of easiles, forts, fortificati(jns, plantations or colonies, or other
persons, touchmg or concerning any matter or thing, in which by law or usage an oath may be administered,
so as the said oath, and the matter therein contained, be not repugnant, but agreeable to the laws of this
realm. And we do hereby streightly charge and conunand all and singular, our aiiniirals, vice admirals, jus-
tices, mayors, slieritfs, constables, biiilill's, and all and siiigniar other our ollicers, ministers, liege men and
subjects whatsoever, to he aiding, favourins:, helpinsr, and assisting to the said giVcinoi and com|)any, and
to their successors, and to their deputies, ollicers, factors, servants, assigns, and ministers, and every of tliem,
in executing and enjoying the premises, as well on land as on sea, from time to time, when any of you sliall
thereunto be recpiired ; any statute, act, ordinance, proviso, proilanuition, or restraint heret<)fore bad, made,
set forth, ordained, or provided, or any other matter, cause or thing whatsoever to the contiary in any wise
notwithstanding. In witness whereof, we have caused tluse our letters to be made patent; witness ourscif
at Westminster, the second day of May, in the two and twentieth year of our reign,
By writ of Privy Seal, PI GOTT.
UU.— BANK OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.
An Act tn enatile the Prnprie. ..-ior Shareholders of a Company called "The Hank nf lii-ifixh Xnrth Amerira" tu sue
niid be sued in the name of any one of the Directors or of the SeeretiU"y for the time huiiit; of tlie said dmiiianv.
ilioi/iU Aaxifiii, ill, July, 1H:iG.1
[The Local Legislatures of the Canadas, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Blward Mand, and Ne\vtni\nd!and, liavo
each (fiantcd to the It/iiib of llrilish Surlli Amrricit priviletjes similar to those conferred hy tliis Act of P.irli.iiuent.J
WiiEiiKAs several persons have IV'rmed themselves into a eonipany or partnership, called or known by the name of "Tlie
Uniik of British North America," for tlie i)iirpo'ie </i estalilishin;; and earryiiiK on Hanks of Issue anil Deposit, at vari-
eiis cities, towns, and places within several Hrilisli Settlements and Colonies in North AmiTica, and adj.iei nt to llritish
North America, and have suhscri'oed or raised a considerahle snm of money in order to ciirry on the business of the said
Hunk :
And whereas it is exiiected that the public will be ;.Teatly benefited, by the formation of such company :
And whereas ditticnltles may hereafter arise in recoverinir debts due to the said company, and also in enforcinj? claims
for or on account of the said com|>any, and irenerally in sninfr and bein)r sned ; and also in prosecntinir persons who may
stoid, injnre, orviiibezzle the jiroperty of, or who may connnit or he puilty of any other offence a^'ainst or with intent to
injure or delrand the snid company, since iiy law all the [iroprietors and sharehcdders for the time beint; of the siiid company,
nni!-t in such cases sue and he sned, ami prosecute by their several and distinct names and descriptions j wherefore, for obvi- .
atin); and removing the diDiculties aforesaid,
MAY IT THEREFORE PLEASE YOtJR MAJESTY,
That it may be enacted, and be it enacted by the Kin;;'s Most Excellent .Majesty, by and with the adv ice and consent of the
l.nr<ls Spiritual and Temporal, and Connnons, in this pre^ent Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, That
from and alter the passim; of this Act, all actions and suits whatsoever, at law" or inecpiily, which maybe brouf;lit, institntc(l,
or prosecuted within the I'nited Kin(;dom of (ireat Britain and Ireland against any person or persons already indebted, or
who may hereafter be indebted to the said com|)any, called " The Bank of British North America," and all actions, suits, and
other proceedings wliatsoevcr, at law or in C(iuity, w ithin the I'nited Kingdom aforesaid, for any injury or wrong done to any
real or personal property of the said company, in whomsoever the same may for the time being be ve.-ted, whether in the
said company or some [K-rson or persons in trust for the said company, or in some jierson or iiersinis for the use and benefit
thereof, or upon or in respect of any present or future liability or liabihties to tlie said company, or to any person or persons
in trii t for the said company, or to any person or persons for the use or benefit thereof, or upon any bonds, covenants, con-
tracts, or agreements which already have been or hereafter shall be given or entered into witli the said company, or to or
Willi any person or persons whomsoever in trust for the said company, or to or with any person or jiersons lor the use or
lieiiclU tliereof, or wherein the saiil company is or shall be interested, and all in^tiiiments, petitions, or other proceedings
tor issuing or proseenting any fiat or commission of banknnitcyin lin gland or Ireland, or any seipiestration in .Scotland,
against any person or persons already imleoteil, or who may liereafter be iiuk lited to tlie said company, or to any per .on or
persons in trust for the siiid company, (>r to any person or persons for the umc or benelit tliereot, and li:>lile to lie m elc a
l«iiikrupt or bankrupts by the laws now or at any time herealter in force relative to bankrupts ami traders in England or
Ireland, or to se(|ncstrations in Scotland, and all proceedings at law or in e'piity under any fi it or fiats, or commissi' wi or eom-
nu'sioas of bankrupt, or luider any se(lUe^fration or seoiiestrations by, for, or on behUf of the said comiiany, or wiiereiii
tlie ■-aid company is or shall be coneeri.id i.r interested ; and generally all oilier proeecilings wliatsoe.er, at law or in eipiity,
witliin the I'nited Ivingdoni albresaid, wlienin the said company is or shall be concerned or ielere-ted against any pirMai or
piT-ions, or body or bodies politic or corporate, or others, v> hetlier such person or per.;ons, or any of such pcrsi ns, or such
lioily or bodies politic or corporate, or any member or members thereof respectively, is or are or sliall be a proprietor or pro .
prietors, or other holder or hoUlers of any share or shares in the said company or not, shall and lawfully may be eonimcnced,
made, instituted, and prosecuti.(l in the n une of any one of tlic directors or of the seereiary of the s:iid eom|>any, at the time
when any such action or suit or other proceedings shall be conunenced or in-^tituted, or sr.eh petition presented, as the no-
niiiml plaintiff, piir.-uer, con.nlainer, or petitioner, or as act nr in any other eharacur for or i n behalf of the said com|>any j
and all actions, sails, and otl.er proceedings at law or in cipnty, wiiiiin the l-'nited King li ni aloresaid, to 1 e comnunced,
hi!-tituted, or prosecuted agahisi the said company, by any person or persons, or body or bodiea politie or corpi r tc, whether
such person or persons, or .any of such persons, or such body or bodies politic or corporate, orany mem.lier or members tliere-
of respectively, is or are or shall be a proprietor or proprietors, or other holder or holders of any share or shares in the said
! Ill
' Ml
I '.<t
tr
I
H4
AIM'KNDIX III.— NORTH AMKIUCA.
rrmpony nr nut, -ihall niicl InwfiiHy nmy lie nininirnct'il, liiKtitiitcil, niid iiniMTiiinl Bffnliixt orn" "f llir illrcrfdnt nr tlio up.
ri'i'tiiiy (It tlic huiil <'<>iii|iiui), III till' tiiiii' wlicii Hiiy micIi itctinti or Mill or (itlirr iinioi'iliiiK hIiuII he iiiiiimt-iiccil nr iii»M
tiitcil, nv IIk' iiniMlnnl ili fi iiiliint, r>'<|Miiiili'iit, nr ili-ri'iiiU'r in muIi IftHtiiuntlniicil iictlnns, niiIIs, nr iiriK-cnlliiKt, fnr ninl nn
lirhnlf nf ilic Hiiid (■(impniiy i ainl tl:r lUiith, irsltiintinn, nr rrmnvBl, nr nny nthi'r nft tf kiicIi Olri'ctnr nr M'rrclary, simll
lint iilntf nr |ir<'Jiiilici' nny nctmii, Milt, pHltinn, or iillit'r priHTCilliiv Ht Inw nr in t'i|iilty, rniniiu'iu'ril nr liiKtltiiti'ii miilir
tills net, lint tile n.iiiio iiiiiy he ri'iilliiiinl, priiM'cuti'il, cttrrlod on, nr ilift'iiilt'tl in tin* iiuiiiu nr any ntlit'r illri'ctnr, nr nt tlio
Kcrttiuy, Inrflu'llnit' tii'liitf, nl llir cnnipiiiiy.
And 111' It fiirtlu r i-imrtt'd, Tliat Irnni iind nftcr flic pBH^Inif nf tliU net It "linll lir lawful fnr tlic snlil cninpiny, liy mn
(IliTctn.- nr NiTri'tiiry fnr tlii' tiiiu' liriiii; of tlu' "aid rninpiiiiy, tn pretcr nny iiiilii'tini'iit nr liidl/tiiii'iitw, iiifnrniiilinn nr iiil r
nmtlnns, nr ntlii r I'liiiiiiiiil pinri rdiiiK nr priHctilini;" in any cniirt nr cniirts williin tlii' t'liitrd Kintcdniii iifnronid, H,;,iii,-t
any pir.nn nr pirinii", Inr iiny nlliiici' iilnndy cniiiiiiitli'd, nr wlilcli ^llllll linrnltir In- cniiiiiilttcd iipiiii^t llif miiil inmpanj,
and III nil Incliitniciitu, iiifnriiinlinn«, nnil ntlit r prnctrdliik's nKainst any pcrMin nr pfr^nnn, wlirtlii r -iinli piTHun nr ptr-nn-,
or nny nf such pcrMiii", la- n prnpilrtnr nr pmprlctnrs, nr (pllirr linldcr nr linlilrr» nf nny »linrr nr tlinirx In tlir snld cninpanv
nr lint, nf frii'iiiiaixly inkiiiir, htnilini;, nr ('iMlit'//liiiu', daiiiai^nikr nr dcstrnylni;, nr fnr any ntfcni-c wliativcr ndatiiii; tn ,{u\
f[ii(al», rlinttcls, nntiH, lilll->, liniiiU, ill iiU, nr any Kiciirilii"-, innnirs, I'fti'i't-i, nr aii> rial nr pcr^niial iirnprrty wiiali'MT. nf nr
iclniii'int' In till' ^nld I'niiipiuiy, in wlinniMa'vcr tlir >'aiiu' may la' vi-'tiil, wiictlirr in tlio inMipiiiiy nr in hhiik- prrsnn nr pi r
anus III (rust fnr tlu' ^aid rninpany, nr in sninc prr»oii nr pirMipiis fnr tin' iim' nr ln'iiclit tlirr 'iif, siirli ({nnih, chattils, imtrs,
hllln, linndn, ilfi'dH, KTiirltlrs, niniiirs, itVi cts, or prn|a'rty li-Kpccllvily, may lie laid and statidtn lie tlir itnniU, rliallrl.'., imti-.,
blllH, hniiilM, dirds, Hi'cnritii's, mniiii's, rtVii'is, nr prnprrly rcHptvtIvcly, nf "Tlic Hank <d llrili^li Nnrtli Anitrlcii," anil ir all
IliillctiiK'iits, iMlnrinatiins and ntliiT prncii ilinit.s al;aill^t any pir-nn nr prr-inn-., wlallirr siuli pir«in nr piTMiiis, nr . ,, m
audi prisnns lir a prnpinlnr nr pmiirlrtnrs, nr nthi-r linldi r nr Imhlcrs nf any •diarc nr ["liarrs In tlii' hiiIcI ciMiipmiy nr iiot.'trr
any ninHpinicv, criitu', (rand, nr nfli nee already cnmiiiilti'il, nr widcli sliall lii'ivaflir lu' cnnimitti d, witli liiti'iit tn injiirf nr
(ii'frand tlir xaid cniiipnny, tlii' I'anii' may he laid and Ntatcd tn linvo litcn dniii' with iiilciit tn liijiiri' nr lUlraiid " Tlic Hank
of Hriti.ili Nnrtli Ainrrica," and it >liall nnl lie mci'ssary tn state in any hiicIi iiidii'tnicnt, iiifnrmatinii, nr ntlur prnici ilin ;,
tlu- name nr iiaiiiis nf all nr any nf tlie pcisniis iinw nr at an/ time liereallir ecai^tltntiiijf tlie said eniiipaiiy : and anv ntti n
der nr ntl'eniU rs --liall nr miiy tlien iipnii he lawliilly ennvieled nf Hiieli enn-piraey, crime, Iraiid, nr ntlciiee In as full, mhI !,
anil effectual a manner, tn all intents and piirpnses, as If tlie names nf all pcrsniis cnnstitiitiiiK tlie said eniiipany, and ijie
■lame nr names nf tlie persnii nr pi I'snns in wliniii tlie u:nnds, cliattels, iintes, liills, linnils, deeds, seciirilics, inniiieH, elfccts
IT prnpcrty relatiiijc tiiwliicli such inillctincnt, iiifnrmatinii, nr ntlier prnceedinif sliall lie preferred, wlietlicr inserted nr
ii-ed in sneli iiidictineiit, infnriiiatinn, nr ntlier prneeeilintr, nr in any lirneeediiip: nr prneeediiiifH eniisei|iieiit or ntteiidant
tliorrnn.
Anil he it further enacted. That any |HTsnii tieinw:, or haviiii; heeii, a prnprietnr, nr other linlder nf any share nr shares in
the said enmiiany, and having; nny elaiiii nr demaiid iipnii the cnni|iaiiy, nrthe funds nr prnperty thereof, on any accniini
Vfhatsnever, may for such elHini nr ileiuaiid onmmence, pmsceiiie, and carry nii any aetion, suit, nr other proceiilin;,',
either at law nr eqiiitv, within the I'liilcd Kiiipdnm nfnre-aiil, against nny direetnr nr the --ecietary for the time lieini; nf
the said cniupany, as the iinininal defcndHiit, respnndeiit, or detender ; and any I'.irectnr nr tlie Hrcretary fnr the time
beiiiK <d till said company muy, b> the noiniiial plaintilt, purBiier, nr complainer, cnmmence and carry on In his own
name any nctinii, Niiit, nr other prnceedini; at law or in eipiity, within the I'nited Kiii»rdniii aforesaid, ai;ainst any iiiih-
vidnal proprietoi, or other liidder of anv share or shares in the said eonipany, n(;ainst tthom the said company may liavj
any claim or ileiunnd ; and all such artinns, suits, and other prnccediiiKs shall lie as valid and elfectnal as if all the prn.
prietnrs nr other In Idi-r^ (d shares In the said cnmpaiiy had heeii maile parties thereto j and every JnilKment, derree, and
order made iherein shall he hiiidintt fnr nr aj;aiiist tlie said cnmpany, and all the pro) rictors or other hnldeis of sliaies in
the Bald cnmpany, and no ahatemeiit shall arise Irnni the death, rcsisrnatinii, removal, or any other act ot the said illric-
tor or secretary pending any such action, suit, or other proeeciliiit;, but that the same may be continued, ilefendcd, pro.
Kecuted, or carried on in the name (d any other ilirector or secretary f.ir the time beiiiif ol the said cnmpany.
I'tmided always, and he it further enacted, that in ease fnrtlie piirpnsenf discnvery nr fnr any ntlier pnriHise, nny persmi
or persnils liavint; any claims or demands against the said company, wliether siieli person or persons nr any nf such per^niis
be a prnprietnr nr proiirietors, or other hohler nr Imlders, nf any share nr shares In the said cniupany or not, shall he doimiis
to inclmie any prnprietnr i r proprietms, nr other liiddir nr liidders of any share or shares In the said ..■ompaiiy, liesiilis micIi
director or secretary as afniesaid, as a defeiidant or defendants in any hill or other prneeedini; in any court of eiiuily, il
shall he lawful for him, her nr tluiii sn tn dn, any tliint; in this Act enntaiiieil tn the contrary nnlwithstandin);.
Provided always, and he il liirther enacted, that every |iersiiii hein^i: a proprietor nr ntlier holder of any share or sliaris
in the said eonipany, shall in all cases he liable tn he sued, prosei-uted, or inoceeded npiinst, by nr fnr the henelit nf tlie >iiiil
cnmpany under the pn\n rs nl this .\ct, hy such aeliniis, suits, and other proeeediiiKs in such and the same manner, as eltie-
tually, and with such and the same lixal cnnsei|ueiicc», a.s if such person bud not been a proprietor or other holder nf any
tdiaru or shares in the said eninpnny.
Frovided always, and lie it turtlier enacted, that no person or persons, or body nr bodies, politic or cori>orrkte, liavin^rnr
claimini;, or who shall have or claim any deniand upon or a^:niiist the said eoiii|iany, whether siii'li person nr persnns, nr any
of such persnns shall he a prnprietnr nr prnprielnrs, nr other linlder nr hnlders nf any share nr sliari's in tlie said Cnnipaii)
or nnt, shall hrini; more than one act inn nr suit in respect nf such demand ; and in case the merits in resiiect nf any ileiii.uid
shall have been determined in any actinii nr suit atrainst any director or the secretary of the cnmpany, the prnceeiliiii;^ in
sncb action nr suit may he pleaded in bar of any aclinii nr suit, nr netinns or suits, fnr the same deniand against any ntlu i
direetnr or secretary of the said cniupany ; and in case the merits in respect ot any demand wliicli the company imw ha- nr
hereafter may have on any person or persons, or body or bodies politicor enrpnrate, wliether siicli [lersnii or persons shall he
apriiprietor or pro|irieti>rs or other holder or hnlders of any sliare or shares in the saiil conipaiiv or imt, shall have iiieii
determined in any actinn or suit commenced and prosecuted by any direetnr nr sei'retary of the company, the pmeii 1
liitss III such actinn or suit may bo pleaded in bar of any other aciion or suit, nr actions or suits, lor the same diiiiaiid
which may be coinmeiiced or prosecuted by the same or any other director nr -.ecrelary of the said eonipany.
Provided alwnvs, and he it lurthcr enacted, that any director nr secretary nf the said cnmpany beini; the plaintiff,
pursuer, enmplainei, pelitinner, nr prosecutor, or beliiK the defcnilant, respondent, or ilelender in any action, suit, pe*i.
tioii, proceedmtf, prosecution, or indictment commenced, instituted, prosecuted, oi i.relerred under the authnrity ntthis
Act, or any other propiielor nr holder ot any sliare or shares in the said company, shall not by reasui tliercof lie die lucd
incompetent to be a witness in any such aetion, suit, petition, pruceediiiK, prosecution, nr inilictmcnt, but such liinctur,
secretary, or other proptie; or or proprietors, or other holder or holders, Bhidl and may, if not otherwise iiitere-tcil nr
objectionable, be a good and cninpetent witness, or (rood and competent witnesses, and be admissible and aibnitteil as
such in all courts, and by and before all judges, justices, and otiier.s in any such actinn, smit, petition, proceediiii;, pro-
seeiitiou, or indicliiicnt, in the same manner as he or they nii);bt have been it his or their name or names bad not been
made use of as the plaintiff, pursuer, complniner, petitioner, prosecutor, deleiidant, or detender in such action, suit,
petition, prosecution, piocecdinK, or indictment, or as it he or they bad not heeii a director or secretary, or proptietor or
proprietors, or other holder or holders ol any share or shares in the said company.
And le it further enacted, that execution or ililigence upon any Judiiinent or decree in any action or suit or other pro-
ceedings under this Act idjtaiiicd aicainst any ilirector or secretary for the time beiii); of the said company, whether as
plaintiff, pursuer, or coinplainer, or as defendant, respondent, or detender, may be issued aBainst any iiropriet^ir nr
proprietors, or other holder or bidders for the time b dng; of any share or shares in the said company : provided always,
that in ease such execution or dili^jence against any proprietor or proprietors, nr other bolder or holders of any sliaie nr
shares in the said company, shall be ineffectual fur obtalniiiB payment of anil satisfaction for tlie sum or sums sniitflit
to be recovered thereby, it shall helawtiil fnr the party or parties who shall have obtained a jud^lnellt or decree airainst
any director or sccreiary for the time being of the said eonipany, to issue exeeiitinii or diligence against any other per-
sou or persons who was or were a proprietor or proprietors, or other bolder or holders of any share or shares in the .-aid
company at the time the contract or contracts was or were entered into, upon which such nctiuu, suit, or other proiveil.
ijig may have been brougrht or instituted, but no such execution or diligence as last mentioned shall be issued witlnuit
leave flrsl granted by the court iu wliicli such action, suit, or other procecdiiigr may Irnve been brought or lustitutcil,
Al'rr.NDIX III.— NOUTfl AMERICA.
n
which lenvo «hi\ll he npplli'd f ir H|Min mntiiin to hr nmili- in oi>rii nirrt, on nutlce to the pornon or p«>T»on^ Koiiifht to ho
rImrKCil : provl ic<l nlxi, Ihiit nothlnt; hrrrln nnitHliii'il hIiuII ri'mlcr mich |m»t |irii|irieti>rH Ualili' for |iiiyiiuii( of uny iloht
for which mich iictlon, hint or other |iioc«'iMliii|[ iniiy hitvi- hpi>n hroiiirht, to wliicli they would not Inivv Iiitii liiklilc \tf
operation of low ii» iinrtnerfi In rni<c nor nrllofi, unit, or oIIut iirocci'iliiiK hml hccii orlKlnullv hroiiitht iiKikloHt tliciii lor
the nninr : Hrovlilcil nUo, thnt iiotlilnB: In thin Act cohtiinril shall \w ilccnu'il or tuki-ii to cnithlc i>ny plHintllT, |iiir'<iK>r,
I'liniplulnvr, pitllloncr, proxc-iitor, ihli mlinit, rcHponilcnt, or ilclcnilrr In any artlon, lult, pilllioM, or odur procciilioic
iiiMlcr this Act, to rocoviT from iinv prnprktor or < tlicr hohlcr for tlic tline hoiiiK of >.linics in the milil coinpiui), or iinjr
other perxoii whoiiiHoevei , uny Krciilur sum or sinnH of luiocy than micli proprietor, or other h'dler or pemon, w.)iilil or
nilnht hiive heeii lliihlu lo piiy either ut iiiw i r in ei|iiity, iiniler nny contrHci tor the lime hcinu Hiil)'i»linif, If thin Act
hnil not heen piMHCcI : provliled til>.o, tliiit eveiy direeior or icrrfliiry In whoie loinie itiiy itition, luit, or proeceilinif
miller thh Act kIihII he eonmienced, pro^ecnteil, or dilenileil, and eveiy proprietor or other holder of uny ulnire or .d.iireii
ill the hhIiI company, nitiiiost whom nny execution or diliKcnre upon uny Jiiil;(inent or decree olituliieil in nny micIi
KCtion, Hnit, or proceedlni; >h»ll he is>iiie(l a* iilore>>tld, kIjuII iilwnys he reinihiiroed Hint rcpuld out of tlie InioH of tin)
mid coinpniiy, nil such eo-t«, etmrcen, Io»hi s, uiid rinnnije* n- hy Hie event of iucli iiction, suit, or proceediiii; he or the/
nhnil he put iiiilo or heeomeehnr),'eiihle with ; und it the fnndii of tlie suiil (■(nnpniiv for the time hiiiiK shxil he •iiHulti-
cleiit to pay hueli, contH, ehnrKcH, ioxses, nnd ditmuKeH in lull, then the deHcieiiey kloili he niuile )j'oud hy llie pioprivtor*
ur other holders hir the time lu'inir of shnreN in ihe suiil cnmpiiny.
And he it lurtlier eiineted, thut nil and every Jii<li;meiits or hid({nieiit, decrees or decree, which Hhnll,nl any time
after the pussinif of tiiU Act, he iditnined ir recovered in nny action, suit, or otlier proccoillii;{ in Inw or ecuuty, ufainat
niiy director or Hecrelary of the rniil eiuopuny, sluill huve the like effect und operuti'in upon and nL'iiiii^l tlietuniNor
property of the »uld company, as if sueli jndjjinent or Judgments, decree or decrees, hud heen rec.uered or ohtiilued
tt|{»ln>t the Huld c(uiipnny, in nny nclion, suit or procrediuK In law or ecioity liKuiiflit or eoiunienceil nirnlnst the nniil
cunijiany, hy oi In Hie sevri.il anil diMtiocl iinmes nnd clescdptions of the sevend ptoprietort or otlier liolduis of slwtren
III the iinid eomiinny, and us if this Act lind not lieen passed ; nnd further, thut the hiiikriiptcy, in-olvency, or stoppiiDf
payment of hucIi director or secretary in his Individual character or capacity, Hhnll not be, or he construed to lie, tliu
hiiiikriiptcy, insolveney, or Ktoppini; pnvment ol the snid com|inny ; and the suld conipnny, and the liiiids and properljr
tliireof, shall, notwilhstandinK 'he hniikriiptey, iiisidveney, or stopping payment ol any siieti director ur secretary, lio
iittnclied or attnclialile, nnd he in all uspects lialilc to the lawful claims and demands ot the creditor or creditors of ttio
fiiiil company, in like inaiiiicr as If nu sueli bankruptcy, insolvency or stoppiii); payment iiad happened ur taken
place.
And he It further enacted, that R nicmorlnl of the tinmoi of the nevcrnl dlrcctom, nnd of the necretnrjr for the time
hclnif of the said company, and of the nnines, residences, and desciiptnm of the several propriety's or otlier holders of
hliares in tlie said eompanv, in the form or lo tlie eftVct expres led in the schedule lo this Act, or as near thetet" us thu
circiiinstanccH ol the case will admit, shall he vcrilieil hy a declaration in writini;, in tlie form ,(ir Us near thereto as tliu
circiinistaiiees ol the case will nilniit; piescrilied In the schedule I ' an Act pnssed In Ihe tlf'li nnd sixth yenrs of the reli;ii
of his present Mnjesty, intituleil, " An Act to repeal an Act of the present Mcssion of parliament, intitiileil. An Act lor
the more elTeetuul aholition of oaths nnd adlrmations taken and mailu In various dopjitiuenls of the state, und to sul^-
stitute declarathuis III lieu tiiereoi, ami lor II e more entire hii|ipressliiii ol voiuntaty und extrajudicial oaths and utH-
davits," which slinll he made hy one of the directors, or sccn-tary for the linn' hein){ of tlie said coiiiiriny, lu'tiire a in is.
tor or master extraordinary in chancery, and when so verirted shall he iMirolled in the liiih court nf chancery within
twelve calendar months next lifter the pnssliit; of this Act i and wlien any new director or directors or »ocreinry shall Im
appointed, a meniorinl ol the name or names of the new director or diiectors or secretary, speeifylni; in wliise pi ice or
places lie r they shall have heen appoinleil, shall in like manner he veiirted hy one of the directors or secietary (or the
time bclnt; of the said company, and cnrnlled withi'i twelve calendar months alter such appointment or appointments. In
tliefoim or to the effect expressed In the said schedule li r that purpose i and wlien any person or perscnis shall cease or
discontinue to he a proprietor or proprietors of the said company, a memorial of his, her, or tin ir name or names shall
in like manner he veritled hy cue ol the dlreetois or secretary lor the time beiiiK of the said coiiipany, and enrolled
within twelve euleiidar montlis alter such person or persons shall have so censed or discnnliiiiied to be such proprietor
or proprietors -. and wlien any new proprietor or proprietors shall he admitted into the saiU company, a meiri rial of hi*,
her, or their name or iinnics shall in like nianiier he verihed hy one of the directors or secretary lor the time heini; of the
said ciimpnny, and enrolled within twelve calendar months alter nny such new proprietor or proprietors shall have been
80 admitted into tiie said company j nnd wlien and so often as it shall be i.ecessary and proper to meniori.ili/.e the name
or names of any person or persons who shall have been appointed a new ilirectoi or directors or secretary of the said
company ; and also of any person or persons who shall havcTeased or discontinued to he a proprietor or proprietors of
the said company ; and also of any persiui or persons who shall have been admitted a new proprietor or proprietors
into the said company \ or to memoiiali/.e the names ot any two or more of the abi ve classes of persons, the names of
such persons respectively may be contained In one and the same nieinorial, to the form and eft'eet cxiiresscd in the said
schedule, nnd be verified and enrolled as hereinbefore directed ; I'rovided nlways, that if any declaration so made
shall be false or iintrue in uny material pniticulur, t>ic person wilfully mukint; such luKe declaratiun siiall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor.
Provided nlways, and be it ftiither enacted, that until the lirst nicmnrial shall have been duly enrolled in manner hy
this Act directed, no action, suit, petition, or other proceediii(f sliall be couimeneed, iiiaile, or Instituted under tlio
authority of this Act, and until the memorial hy this Act reiiuired to be i nrolled. In the event of nny iietson or persons
ceasiiiK or discontiiiuinij to he a direeior or directors or secretary, or u proprietor or proprielors of tlie saiil coiiipiny
biinll have been enrolled as hereinbefore iiieiitioned, the persons whose names shall appear in the last iiieinorial whieli
sli.ill have been made as heteinhelore reiiuired, shall be ami continue liable to all such nctlon-, suits, executions, niiil
diligences, and other proceedings under this Act, anil shall he entitled to be rcimlnirsed out of the funds or property of
the said company, all costs, charges, losses, dani i);es, and expenses incurred or sustained thereby, i'l the same manner
as 11 he, she, or they had not ceased or discoiitiiiiiid lo be a director or oecietary, or proprietor or directors or proprietors
ul the »aid company.
And be it turtlier enacted, that an examined copy of the enrolment of every memorial to be enrolled pursuant to thlH
Act, shall be received in cvidei.ce as prout of the contents ot kiicIi nii'inoiial, and proof shall nut be reipilred that tlio
person by whom the memorial purpoits to be veiilleii, was at the time of sucli veriticatiun one of the directors or secrc-
tary of the said company.
And be it further enacted, that this act, nnd the provisions herein contained, shall extend and be construed, and
taken to extend, to the said company, called "Tlie liniik of liritish North America," at all times diiiini; tlie continuancu
thereof, whclher the said company liutli Ik en hcretolore fiom time to time or shall lierealtei, be composed ot all or some
of the persons who were the orijjinal proprietors theteof, or of ail or some ol those persons, togetlier wllli some other
person ur persons, or whether the said company lie, at the time ot piissiii^ this net, composed altotfether of persons who
were not uriginnl propriitois of the company, or wliether the said company shall herealter he composed of persims who
were not ori|;lnnl proprietors thereof, or ut persons all of whom shall have been proprietors uf the said company, subse-
quently to tlic passing uf this Act.
I'rovided always, und he it lurthcr enacted, that nothing herein contained shall extend, or be deemed, construed, or
taken to extend to iiicor|)orate the i,aid ci nipany, or to relieve or discharge the said company, or any of '.lie proprietors
or otlier holders of shuics in tlic said company from any responsiliility, contract, duty, or obligation wliati.oever, to
which by law they, he, or she now are, or is, or at any time liereaiter, may be subject or liable. < illier us between such
company and other parlies, or as between the said company and any ot the individual proprietors, ur oiher holders of
shares in the said company and otiiera, or as between or among themselves, or in any other iiianner howsoever.
And he It liiither enacted, that this Act shall extend to und be in force within the United kingdoiu unly, and shall
not extend tu or be in lorce in tlie liritish possessions abroad, or any ut them.
And be It further enacted, that this Act shall be deciuva and tukeu to be a public Act, and shall be judi.-ially taken
Doticc of us such by alt Judges, Justices, aud uthcrs.
i
ir r:
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li
A 1
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APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMF.RICA.
[The I'rill'h Vnrtli Attiprlonn Hunk Ims Ivniiicli hmilct nt
It« h«'«(l (|iiurti>r« Ih id M». Ilrli'n'n I'Ihit, HMin|.i{iil.' strwt, l.nnildn, iimliT the Sccretttryslili) of Gcurt(« dc Hohco
AttWdoil, K»n. Fur tiarttciilun ut tliu bankn, net' imge 17-t »l fy.]— K.M.M.
I'M,
' I 'I
h I-
X X.— NFAVrOUNDLAND CHAIH Kll 01" JUSTICE.
GonrctP flio rmirth, hy the Rrncc of (incl, of the I'nitoil KinRiloin of (iirat Hrlttiin nnd Iiclnntl Kin;;, Dc
ftlitli'i- of till' riiitli, Hliil SK fnith. 'I'o nil til wliiim tlii'so |)i(Hint.s xlmll coiiu', ^;|■(•^till!,' : Whiii'iist l)y itii Act
of I'ni'liaiiioiit piisHi'il in the tilth year of our riM^'ii, mtitiiU'il " An Act for tlio iicltir mliniiii^tration nf .h,,.
ticf ill Nt;\vfoumlluii(l, iiiul for other piirposi's," it is (nnion','st otiicr things) ciiactcil, thiit It shall nnd .n^iy
be lawful for us liy our chartrr or littcrs-pati'iit uikIit tlit' ^'I'lt "''i'' to insrituti' a aiiiicrior court of jmlh a.
ture in NcwfouiKllancI, which shall hv tailed " The Su|ireiiie Court of Newfoiiiiilland," And it is tiniriiy
further enacted, that the said Sii|ireiiip Court shall be holderi by a chief jiidfje nnd two assistant judges, hcin:;
respectively barristers in l';iif;liiiul or Irehind of at least tline years Rtandin;;, or in some of onr colonies or
plantations. And it is thereby further eiiactrd, that it sliull and maybe lawful for us by any sueh chnrter
or letti'rs-patent as aforesaid to iiistitiili circuit courts in each of the three districts in which the said colimy
may be so divided as in the said act mentioned. And it is thereby fiullier enacted, that it shall be lawlul
for us, our heirs nnd successors, by such cbiuter or letters patent as nforc>uid, or by any order or orders to
lie thereafter issued by nnd with the advice of our or their I'rivy Comieil, to make and prescribe, or to an.
thorize and empower the said Supreme Court of Newfoundland, undrr such limitations as we shall deem
proper, to make and prescribe such rules nnd orders touchiiii; and concerning; the forms and manner of |iio.
ceeding in the said Supreme Court nnd Circuit Courts respecliv..ly, and the practice and pleadings upon nil
indictments, informations, actions, suits, and other matters t'> be therein br()U(;ht ; or touchinj; or
concerning the appointing of commissioiurs to take bail and rxnn uic witnesses; the taking examinations of
witnesses di' hnw Mm; ami allowing the same as evidence ; thi' granting of jirobntes and letters of ndiiiinis-
tration ; the proceedings of the sherilf and his deputies, nnd other ministerial ollicers j the hummoiiin,' of
assessors for the trial of crimes nnd misdemeanours in the said Circuit Courts ; the process of the said cuiiit,
and the mode of executing the same; tht! empannelling of jurie. ; the admission of barristers, attornies,
nnd Kolicitors; the fees, poundage, or per(pii')itea to be lawfully demanded by nny olVicer, attorney, or soli-
citor in the said courts respectively ; and idl other mntters and things whatsoever touching the practice of
the said courts as to us, our heirs and successors, shall seem meet for the proper conduct of business in llic
said courts ; and such rules and orders from time to time to alter, amend, or revoke, as to us, our heir^ and
successors shall seem requisite. And it is thereby further enactcil, that it shall and may be Uuvful for m
by our said charter or letters-patent to allow any person or persons fcling aggrieved by any judgment, de.
cree, order, or sentence of the said Supreme Court, to ajipeal therefrom to us in council in such manner,
within such time, nnd under and subject to such rules, regulations, and limitations as we liy such charter or
letters-patent shall appoint and direct. Now know yk, that we upon full consideration of the premises
nnd of our especial grace, certain knowledge, and mere inntion, have, in pursuance and by virtue of the said
Act of Parliament, thought lit to grant, direct, and a|i|)oint, nnd by these presents do accordingly grant,
direct, and appoint, that there shall be within our said colony of Newfoundland a court, which shall he
called " the Supreme Court of Newfoundland." And we do hereby create, erect, nnd constitute the said
Sujircme Court of Newfouiullnnd to be a court of record, and do direct and appoint that the same shall he
composed of and holden by one chief judge and two assistant judges. And we do hereby give and grant to
our said chief judge rank and precedence above and before all our subjects whomsoever within the colony of
Newfoundland aforesaid, and the islands, territorits, and jilaces dependent thereupon, excepting the govir-
iior or acting governor for the time being of the said colony, and exce()ting all such persons as by law or
usage take place in Knglnnd before our chief justice of our court of King's Bench. And we do hereby give
nnd grnnt to onr said assistant judges rank nnd precedence within our said colony, and the islands, territo-
ries, and phccs dependent thereupon, next after our said chief judge, the said assistant judges taking prece-
dence between themselves accoriling to the priority of their respective appointments to the said otlice, or
•where they may be both appointed nt the snme time, then nccording to their seniority as barristers. And
we do further grant, ordain, and appoint, Ihr.t the said Suiiiemc Court of Newfoundland shall have and uh;
as occasion tnay recpiire, n seal bearing a device and impn ssion of our royal arms within an exergue or hilnl
surrounding the snme, with this inscription, "The Seal of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland." And we do
hereliy grant, ordain, and appoint, that the tnid seal sbull be delivered to and kept in the custody of the
said chief judge. And we do further grant, ordain, and <leclare, that the said chief judge and assistant
judges, so long as they shall hold their respective ollices, shall be entitled to have and receive the following
salaries, that is to say, our said chief judge a salary of Ll,:.'(i() sterling money by the year, and e&ch of our
said assistant judges a salary of t'700 like sterling money by the year. And our governor or acting governor
for the time being of the said colony is hereby directed nnd required to cause such salary to be jiiiid to the
said chief judge nnd assistant judges out of iiie revenue of the said colony, by four quarterly payments at the
four most usual days of payment in the year. And we do further grant, ordain nnd declare, that the ^'M
salary shall commence and take place in respect to nny person who shall be resident in (ireat Britain or
In land at the time of his appointment, upon nnd from the day on which any such person shall thereupon
embark or de))ait from great liritain or Irchuid t'or Newfoundland to take upon him the execution of the
said office; and that the salary of any such chief judge or assistant judge, v. ho shall at the time of his
appointment be resident in Newfoundland aforesaid ; shall commence and take place from and after his tak-
ing upon him the execution of such his oflicc, nnd that such salary shall be in lieu of all fees of olBcc,
(lerquisites, em
or ndvnntagc v
by such ciiici jii
Vlih d luvertbeli
inhabit any olli
mny berealter t
heirs ami siicci
any sueh hotin
grant, iipp'piiit,
loundlund shall
limient, on pain
III law ill- J\ii tn I
iinl.Try tlu'reid' ?l
Kuch other ollici
Alexander Tuck
Itiehard Alex.ni
hereby couHtitii
Molloy, l'>(piir(
llarres an, I join
do hereby grnnt
ciiit Courts, to
of the said Act
ri"pectively to I
holden by the c
And we do dirci
ileeiile which of
nlways nt libert
hereby ordain, i
Courts respect i'
being sliall froir
nf nil the powi
Courts respecti
that no office si
the time being
time being, in v
ordain and direi
accountant gem
appointed by oi
otliccs during oi
within the said
he so appointed
liable to be rem
wc do hereby ni
Buch and so mni
having been adr
burgh, or hnvii
character of bai
Newfoundland ;
authorized to n
removed by the
authorize the sn
attornies, or sol
writing for the
Supreme Court
shall he allowed
suitors of the sa
shall not be a si
tors, or of perso
willing to appea
Court of Newfoi
appear and act a
such general nil
And we do hciel
may seem cxped
anil act in flic c
Courts respcctiv
time being of tb
January in each
to act as nnd be
the coast of I. ah
may be, and bcf
AITKNDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
•T
ofgo tic n(»co
lirrqiiisitrs, i'mtiliimrnt<i, or ndvnntntTct wimtmpvcri inil thnt no for of iiflici', prrfniiiiitc, cmcilument,
or odvniitiiKf \vlmf«i)iVi'r, oflicr tlmii nnd ixcc|it tlii' miid "aliiry, uliull fic net-' |iti'il, ricrivrd, or tiiki'u
by Hiii'h c'iili I jndm' or n!»«i»tniit jud);i s in niiy iiimiiiir nr <ni niiy Bi'i'ouiit or |irttriii'r wliat^iu'viT. I'ro
vidiil iiivrrtlii'li St, timt it slmli !«• Iiiwl'iil lor tlii' said cliii'f jiidi;f iir n'sisfiint judKin to oi'cii|i\ "'-j
iidmliit iiiiy DtVuial Iummo or ri>iili'iuT vNitliiti tin' naid I'nlniiy of Nowronndlaiid, wliiih hatli lu'ii. or
niny luTniiti-r he |irovidrd Tor tlu'ir or iiiiy of tlitir nMidi'iici' m)d ociMipaiioii wi'liout imyiiiu to us, our
hoirt niid MiiTCH^ois, aity nut lor thf huihc, niid witliiiiit luiii:; ol)li;;rd to rr|iuir, ii|di<dd, it ninintain
«iiy KiiL'ti l.(lll^■^• or otllcial limisc or rctidi'iiCL' lit hi* own Ciinf* and chnrRfi. And \m' ' > lurfliir
Uruiit, iiii|i'iinf, and dcclnrr, lli:it no chirl' jnil^i' or a«^i»tiiiit julji-of tlii' *:xn\ Siprfnu' (''>iv; "I' Nrw-
loiMidiuml fihall lnM'n|iHl»lc of i\i I'lptin;;, tuliUiK "i' I'l'rt'irniinij; any i>llii'r hIIIli- or |iliui' of |, Miir or cino-
jiimi'Ut, on piiin that thi- ai-cr|it.iM('f nt' any hikIi otluT olVici" or plat'o as at'or^oaid idiall Uc, i\it,i\ \w deemed
in law ill' fiiitii nn avoidaiKC of the olll<e of s\i,h ehief juil'^e or as«istanf jnd^ce U'* tlie ease i,..iy he, Riid the
Hillary thereid' «liall cease nnd he deemed to liave eeased airiiriiiii;;ly from the thiie of sucli ae.;e|)taiiee of any
Kiich otinr otVice or |)li\(e. Atid \vc ilo lierehy cunstiriife nnd a|i|Miint onr trn»ty and well lirioved Uielmrd
Ahxaiider Tucker, I'^ipiire, to lie tlie Hrst ehlef jii(h;e of tlie Hiud ."<u|irenie Court of Niwh>titidhuid, the said
lij( hard Alexander Tucker hein;; n harrister in Kn^land of tliree years staiKhim nnd upwards. Ami we do
herehy constitute and appoint our trusty and w«ll liehivt'd Aui;ustus Wallet Des llarre*, and John NVillinin
Molioy, Ks(piire-<, to he the first assistant judnes of the said Supreme Court, tl\e said Au^;ustus NN'aMet Des
Jlarres and Joliii Wjlliiuu Molioy lielnc; respectively harristers of three yi ars staiilint; and upwards. .Xiid we
(jo herehy j^raut, direct ami appoint, that there shall he within our said colony <.» Newloundland tliree ('ir-
cuit Courts, to he held in each td' the three distriet.s info wliieh tin' said eoli(i\y may he divided in |)ursiianeu
of the said Act of I'arlianu nt. And we do luiehy erect, create, nnd con»titiit»> the said Circuit Courts
respectively to he Courts of Keconl, and do dirict and appoint th.it each ot the > lid Circuit Courts >liall he
holdeii hy the chief jud^;e or one of the assistant juil;;es of the Supreme Court of Newloundland nforesaid.
Anil wc do direct nnd appoint, that tlir chief jiidne of tlii' said Su|>rcine Court shall be nlwnys nt lilierty to
decide whicdi of the three Circuit Courts sIimII he liolden hy him, and that the senior nssistnnl jndm- sluill he
nlways at liherty to decide which of the two remaining Circuit Courts s! M he ledden hy him. And we do
herehy onlaiii, appoint, uiid decl ire, tlmt there shall he and helonj; to the said Supreme Court and Circuit
Courts rcspeclivi iy such and so muliy ollicirs as to the chief juil^e of the said Supreme Court for the time
lieini; sliall from time to time ajipear to he necessary hir the i.dministrution of justice, and the <lue execution
of all tliL- powers and authorities which are f;riinted and committed to the said Siipieme Couit and C'ircuit
Courts respectively hy the said ,\ct of Parliament or hy these (Mir letters patenf . I'rovided nevertheless,
that no oHicc shall he created in the said courts nr any of them, unless the |.'overiior or nctiie^ K"\''r'">r for
the time heiii;; of our said colony shall tirst si.;iiify his n|)prol)nfioii thereof to our said chief jud^e for the
time heiti!;, in writin;; iindc r the hand of such i,'overnor or nctiie,' governor us nforesnid. And we ilo further
ordain and direct, that all pers(uis who shall and ii;ay he appointed to the several ollices of master, registrar,
nccDuutant !;eiural, or prothonofary of any or I'ither of our Courts of Kecnrd at Westminster shall he so
appointed by our heirs and successors hy warrant under our or tlu'ir royal siijn manunl to hold such their
ortices during; our or their phnisure ; and that all persons who shall and may he appointed to any other ollicc
within the said Supreme Court of Newfoumlland, or within the said Circuit Courts of .Wwhiundlanil, shall
he so appointed by the chii'f judL'e for the time beiii.; of the said Supreme Court, nnd shall be suhject and
lialili' to he removed from such their ollices hy the said chief judne upon rinsoiia'>le nnd sulVicicnt cause. And
wc dii herehy authorise nnd empower the said Siipri'me Court of Newloundland to approve, admit, and enrol
such anil so many persons having bein admitted barristers at law or advocates in tireaf Uritiiin nnd Ireland, or
hnvini; been admit ted writers nttornies, or solicitors in one of our Courts at Westminster, Uublin, or Kdin-
hiirgii, or liavin;^ hfcii admitted as proctors in any ecclesiastical court in l'',ni,'land, to net ns well in the
charncter of barristers and advocates .is proctors, attorniis, and solicitors in the said Supreme C'oiirt id'
Ncwfoimdland ; and which persons so approved, admitted, nnd enrolled as aforesaid, shall he nnd are hereby
authorized to njipear uiid plead and net for tlie suitors of the said Supreme Court, subject nlwnys to be
removed by the said Supreme Court from tluir station therein upon reasonable cause. And we do further
authorize the said Supreme Court of Ni'wfoiiiidland to admit and enrol as barristers, ndvocates, proctors,
attoniies, or solicitors therein, such and so many persons as may hnve served a clerkship under articles in
writin); for the term of live years nt the least to any barrister, advocate, proctor, attorney, or solicitor of the
Supreme Court nt'oresnid. And we do dtchire, that no p"rson or persons other than the persons aforesaid
shall he allowed to appear, [ilead, or act in the said Supreme Court of Newfoundland for or on behalf of the
suitors of the said court or any of them. I'rovided always and we do ordain and declare, that in case there
shall not be a sullicicnt number of .such barristers nt law, advocates, writers, attornies, solicitors, and proc-
tors, or of persons so admitted and enrolled as aforesaid to act ns such within the snid colony competent nnd
williii:; to appear nnd act for the suitors of the said Supreme Court, then nnd in that case tlie said .Supreme
Court of Newfoundlaiid shall and is beridiy authorized to admit so many other (it nnd prop'T iiersons to
appear and act as harriiters, advocates, ju'octors, nttornies, nnd solicitors ns may be necessary, accordin.; to
such izencral rules and (pialilications as the said Supreme Court shall for that purpose make and establish.
And we do hereby nuthori/e the said Supreme Court to make and prescribe such rules nnd orders as to them
may seem expedient nnd necessary with rennrd to the ndniission of persons to practise the law, nnd appear
and act in the character of barristers nnd advocates, proctors, attornies, and solicitors in the said Circuit
Courts respectively. And we do btreby ordain and declare, that the governor or nctini? governor for the
time heini; of the said colony of Newfoundland shall yearly, on the Monday next following; the first day of
Jaiuiiry in each year, hy warrant under his hand and seal, nominate and appoint some lit and proper person
to .let as nnd he the sh.ritf for our said colony of Nesvf,)undland and its dependencies, (other than and exee|)t
the Coast of Labrador,) for the year ensuin(;, which sheritf, when appointed, shall as soon as conveniently
may be, and before he shall enter upon his said otlice, take before the governor or acting governor of our
't I
mi
►'lit
88
APPFA'DIX III.— NORi.I AMKRICA.
i
m
snid colony, nn onth fnithfiilly and imimitinlly to cxivutc tlic duties of such his ofUcc; and Rurh sherifT hIi;i11
continue in such his ollice during the space of one whole year, to be ciniputed from the snid Monday next
following the liist day of January in each year, and until another sherilf shall he ap])ointed and sworn inti)
the said ollice ; and in case any such sherilf shall die in his said olhco, or depart from our said colony of New-
foundland and its dependencies, then and in such case another person shall, as soon as conveniently niay he
after the death or departure of such sheriff, he in like manner appointed and sworn in as aforesaid, and shall
continue in his oflicc for the remainder of tlii' year, and until anothersheritV shall he duly appointed and sworn
into the said oH'ice. And we do further direct and ii|ipoint, that it shall and may he lawful for the governor
or acting governor of our snid colony to renew fr im year to year the appointment of the same person as
sherilf for our said colony and i's dependencies ; and that in selecting the person to he appointed to tlu'
execution and discharge of the said ollice, the said governor or acting governor shall conform to siieli
written inslriictions or commands as may frcm tin.e to tiniv he signified hy us, our lu'irs or successors, to
liim through one of our or their ))rineipal secretaries of state. And we do further direct, that heldre
entering upon the execution of the duties of his said ollice, the said sherilf shall enter into a reeogni/anec
to us in the said Supreme t.'ourt of Newfoundland in the sum of .'>,00(l/., with two good and suflicient sure-
ties in the sum of 2,1)00/. each, for the due and faithful performance of the duties of such his ollice, and I'ur
the due and punctual payment of all suth sums of motiey as may hy him or his lawful deputies he levied or
received hy virtue of any process, rule, or order of the said Supreme Court and ("ircuit Courts or nnv of
them. And we do further direct, that the said sheriff shall, oi the first iMonday of each calendar month,
|)rii(luee hrf'ore thi' chief judge or one of the assistant juds;es -.loresaid, a written account of all the money
hy him or hy his lawful deputies received during the calenda.' month last ])re(:eding, and stating the uppliea-
tion thereof so far as the same may hy him or them have hi en applietl ; and also statiie; the exact halaiiie
of such monies then remaining in the |)ossess;on of himsilf or his said deputies, so far as the returns
received from such deputies eiiahle him to make out the said account. Ami we do further order, that the
Fnid chief judge or assistant judges, as the case may he, shall cause the said account to he puhlicly exhiliitrj
in the otrice of the prothonofary or registrar of the said supreme court lor the space of one calendar niontli
next after the sanii: shall have heen so rendered, and shall then cause the same to he enrolled among tlio
records of the said court. AtuI we do further order, direct, and appoint, that the snid sherilf and his suc-
cessors shall hy them:ulves or theii suflicient dr;)Uties, to he hy them appointed and duly authorized mider
their resiieetive hands and seals, and for whom he and they shall he res|)onsil)le during his or their continu-
ance in such ollice, execute, and the said slierilf hy himself or his lawful deputies is hereby authorized to
execute, the writs, summonses, rules, orders, wnrf-nts, comnuinds, and process of the said Supreme ("durt
and the said Circuit Courts, ami make returns of the same, together with the manner of t!ie executinn
thereof, to tlu Supreme Court and Circuit Courts respectively; to receive and detain in prison all siicli
persons as shall be committed to the custody of such sherilf hy the said Supreme Court and Circuit Courts
respectively, or hy the chief justice or assistant judges or either u( them. And we do further direct, oiiKr,
nn(l ap|)oint, that whenever the said Supreme Court or any of the said Circuit Courts shall direct or award
any process against the said sheriff, or shall award any [jrocess in any cause, matter, or thing wherein the
snid sherilV, on account of his bi'ing related to the parties or any of them, or hy reason of any good cause of
challenge, which winild be allowed against any sheriff in Knglaiul, cannot or ought iu)t by law to execute
the .sam(.', then and in every such case the said Supre.ne Cu;M't or the said Circuit Court, as the case may
he, shall name and appoint some other fit pi'rs<in to execute and return the same, and the said process
shall be directed !o the person so to he named for that purpose, and the cause of such sjjccial process slmll
he suggested and entered on the records of the court issuing the same. Provided always and we d i hereby
ordain and declare, that the said Supreme Court an<l the said Circuit Coint shall respectively ".» certain
limits, beyond which the said sherilf shall not he compelled or compellahic to gc in person, or hy his otlici rs
or deputies, for the execution of any process of the said courts k >pectively ; and upon occasions where the
ju'ocess of any of the said ciuuts sliall hi- to he executed in any place or places beyond the limits so to la
fixed, we grant, ordain, and direct, that the said Supreme Court or Circuit Courts respectively, as the "ase
may he, shall, upon motion, direct by what person or persons, and in what manner, such jiroccss shall he
executed, and the terms and condition which the party at whose instance the same shall he issued shall
enter into, in onler to prevent anv improper use or •ihiise of the process of the said courts ; and the said
slierilf shall, and he is hereby reiiuired to grant his sjiecial warrant or ileputation to such person or persens
ns the court making any such order shall direct, for the I'xecution of sucii process; and in that case we
direct and declare, that the said sheriff, his heirs, execulors, or administrators, shall not he responsible or
liable for any act to be done i,. "r in any way respecting th.' ewiuiion of siicli piiiccss, under anil hy virtue
of such sjiecial warrant ; and that any pi rson or persons being aggiiev -d under or by virtue of such special
warrant, shall and may seek their riinedy under any security which t.iay iiave been directed to he taken
upon the occasion, and which the court issuing sin h process is hereby authorized to direct to he talviri.
And it is our furtln-r will and iileasure, and we do heri'hy for us, our heii,^ and successors, grant, ordain,
establish, and appoint, that the said Supriine ("ourt shall grant probates under the sial of the said court, of
the last wills and tistamenfs of all or any of the inhabitants of the said cidony and its dependencies, and of
nil other itersons who shall die and leave personni effects within the said colony and its dependencies, mid
to commit letters of ndnunistrafion under the seal of the said Supreun' Court of the goods, chattels, credits,
and all other eH'ccts whatsoever of the persons aforesaid who shall die intestate, or who shall not have
nnined an executor resident within the said cidony and its dependencies, or where the executor being duly
cited shall not npi)ear and sue forth siudi probate, annexing tfic will to the snid letters of administiatinii
when such persons shall have li'ft a will, and to seipiester the goods, chatti Is, credits, and other ellnis
wliat soever of such persons so dying, in cases allowed hy law, as the same is and mny now be used in the
diocese of London ; and to demand, re(|Uiie, take, hear, CNaniine, and allow, and if occasion reipiire, tn
disallow and rejeijt, the accounts uf them in such manner and form as is now u&ed ur may he used in tin'
snid diocese c
vided always
wlu're letters
ill due time t
revoke tlu' sa
.Mie forth the
land to grant
siieli person !
niul being of I
tniiion to be
as the deecas
further enjoir
shall before '
successors, fo
being had in
credits, and e
records therci
the said Supr
above bonnde
a true and p
have or shall
possession of
into the said I
chaftels, cred!
time of his di
trator or to t
according to I
tioii at or he
be lawfully re
he foiinil froir
and allowed o
of ailmlnistra
nuiie • il'ect, oi
said nnnd in s
shall appear ti
satisfactory se
person or per;
Attiirncy-Geii
manner. An
Nh:ill be |uit i
the said Siipri
nclinir.istrntioi
deceased pers
case the effect
by the said co
person or \w\>
of the bnlane
niiiiiey which
bills, and seci
said Supreme
time to time ii
or remittance
persons, wlietl
thereto, or an
And we do hi
behalf vested,
liei'eiMafter iiu
emiing the to
the practice ai
brought ; and
the taking exa
of wills and b
(irticers ; the s
the process of
sion of barrist
nnv ollicer, aft
tiiuching the [
such mil ~ and
that no Mu-h ri
vided further,
our said colonj
; t
APPENDIX in.— NORTH AMERICA.
H<J
pli shcrifT shall
1 Monday next,
mill sworn into
■olony of New-
iiicntly nmy Ik'
^said, and slmll
itod nnd sworn
ir the goviMiior
same person as
)|)oinrcd to till'
inform to siiili
• sticc'pssors, ti)
^ct, tliat lii'lori'
a ri'co^nizanre
siitVic'iL'Mt snrc-
1 ollicc, and I'ur
us l)u li'vifd iir
lurts or any of
ilcndar month,
f idl the nioniy
nu thf ap|ilicii-
i' I'xact halanco
lis thi' rt'tunis
orcU'r, that tlic
ilicly I'xhihitrd
ah'odar nmnth
lli'd nnmni; the
ill" luul his snc-
tliorizcd nnilcr
thi'ir rontinn-
>■ authorizi'd tn
iupri'nic Court
tllL' eXCCUtidM
l)rison all sncli
Circnit Courts
T direct, (Mill r,
direct or award
ig; wherein tlie
' pood canse ol
law to execute
s the case may
said process
111 process sliidl
I wc d I hcrcliy
vely '".» certain
liy his olVuirs
ions where the
limits so to m
ely, as the -ase
roccss shall lie
)e issued shall
iind the said
son or persdiis
II that case we
rcsponsilile or
r and hy virtue
ol' sinli special
cd to he taki'il
t to he takni.
grant, orilaiiu
e Buid court, dI'
dencics, anil of
elidcncies, and
lattels, credits,
hall not have
itor heiicj; duly
adniinistraticm
III other el!. its
le used ill the
ion reipiire, In
le used in tin'
said diocese of London, and to do nil other things whatsoever needful and necessary in that behalf. Pro-
vided always, and we do hereby authorize and rp(|iiire the said Supreme Court in such cases as aforesaid,
where letters of administration shall he coininitted with the will annexed for want of an executor appearing
ill due time to sue forth the probate, to reserve in such letters of ailministration lull power and authority to
revoke the same, and to ^rant probate of the said will to such executor whenever he shall duly appear and
sue forth the same. And we do hereby further authori/e and rerpiire the said Supreme C'ourt of Ncwrnund-
land to grant and commit such letters of admini<tr>itioii to any one or more of the lawful next of kin of
sneh person so dying as aforesaid, being then resident within the jurisdiction of the said Supreme Court,
ami heiiig of the age of twenty (uie years. Provided alw.iys, that probates of aIIIs and letters of ailminis-
tralion to be granted by the said Supreme Court shall be limiteil to such money, goods, chattels, and clfects
as the deceased jierson shall be entitled to within the said colony and its dependencies. And we tlo hereby
further enjoin and reipiirc that every person to whom such letters of administration shall be committed
shall before the granting thereof give suflicient security, by bond to be entered into, to us, our heirs, and
successors, for the payment of a comjictent sum of money, with one, two, or more able sureties, respect
lieine had in the sum therein to he contained and in the ability of the sureties to the value of the estates,
credits, and eftects, of the deceased, which bond shall be deposited in the said Supreme Court among the
records thereof and there safely kept, and a copy thereof shall be also recorded among the proceedings of
the said Sii|)renie Court, and the comlition of the said bond shall be to the following etl'ect — "That if the
above bonnden administrator of the goods, chattels, and elfects of the deceased do make or ciiuse to be made
a true and perfect inventory of all and singular »lie goods, credits, and etVects of the said deceased which
have or shall come to the hands, possession, or knowitJge of him the said administrator, or to the hands or
possession of any other person or persons for him, and the same so made do exhiliit or cause to be exhibited
into the said Supreme Court of Newfoundland at or before a day tlureiii to be speiilieil, and the same goods,
chaftehi, credits, and effects, and all other the goods, chattels, cri'dits, and cllVcts of the di'ci'a.ied at the
time of his death, or which at any time al'terwards shall come to the bands or |iiissession of such adminis-
trator or to the hands or jiossession of any other person or persons for him, shall well and truly administer
according to law, and further shall make or cause to be madi a true and just account of his said adiiiinistra-
tiim at or before a time therein to be specified, anil afterwards from timi" to time, as be, she or they shall
he lawfully recpiired, and all the rest and resiilii," of the said goods, chattels, credits, and elfects whieii shall
he found from time to time remaining njion the said adminisl ration accounts, the same being lirst examined
and allovvi d of by the said Supreme Court of Newl'oiindhind, shall anil do pay and dispose of in a due course
of administration or in such manner as the said court shall direct, then this ol)li:.^ntioii to be void and of
mine ■ ll'ect, or else to be and remain in full force and virtue." And in case it shall be necessary to put the
said nnnd in suit for the sake of obtaining the ehect thereof, for the benelit of such person or persons as
sliiill appear to the said court to be interested theivin, such jierson or persons from time to time giving
satisfactory security for paying all such costs as shall arise from the said suit or any jiart thereof, siicli
person or persons shall by order of tin' slid Supreme Court lie allowed to sec the same in the name of the
Attorney-General for the time beiie.; of the said colony, and the said bond shall not be sued in any other
manner. And we do hereby authorize and empower t'le said Supreme ("ourt to order that the said bond
shall be put in suit in the name of the said .Mtoniey-Cieneral. And we further will, order, and reipiire that
the said Supreme Court shall fix certain periods when all persons to whom probates of wills and hlters of
ailministration shall be granted by the said Supreme (^ourt shall, from time to time, until the cll'ects of the
deceased pers in shall be fully administered, pass their nccounts relating thereto before the said court, and in
case the elfects of the deceased shall not be fully administered within the time for that purpose to be lixed
hy the said court, then, or at any earlier time, if the said Supiviiie Court shall see tit so to direct, the
person or persons to whom such jirobate or administration shall be granted, shall pay, deposit, and dispose
of the balance of money belonging to the estate of the deceased then in his, or her, or their hands, and all
niiiiiey which shall afterwards come into his, her, or their hands, apil also all precious stones, jewels, bonds,
hills, and securities belonging to the estate of the deceased, in such manner and unto such persons as the
said Supreme Court shall direct for safe custody. And we reepiire that the said Su|)remc Court shall from
lime to time make such order as shall be just for the mie administration of such assets, and for the payment
or remittance thereof or any part thereof, as occasion shall reipiire, to or for the use of any person or
persons, whether resident or not resident in the said colony and its dependencies, who may be entitleit
thereto, or any part thereof, es creditors, legatees, or next of kin, or by any other right or title whatsoever.
And we do hereby, in exercise and in pursuance of the powers in us by the said Act of Parliament in that
behalf vested, authorize and empower the said Supreme Court of Newfoundhind, under such limitations as
hereinafter mentioned, to make and prescribe such rules and orders as may be expediiiit touching and coii-
eirniiig the forms and manner of proceeding in the said Supreme Court and Circuit Courts respectively, and
the practice and pleadings upon all indictments, informations, actions, suits, and other matters to be therein
hruiight ; and touching and concerning the appointing of (ommissioners to take ball and examine witnesses,
the taking examination of witnesses df lirtii- r.isc, and allowing the same as evidence; the granting of probates
lit wills and letters of administralion ; the proeiedings of the sheiilf and his deputies and other ministerial
iifticers ; the summoniiii; of assessors lor the trial of crimes and inisdemcanours in the said Circuit Courts,
the process of the said ciiiirts, and the mode of executing the same ; the impaiiiiellin:; of juries ; the adinis-
siiiii of barristers, nttoriiies nnd solicitors ; the fees, poundage, or pcnpiisites, to be lawfully demanded by
any ollicer, attorrey, or solicitor in the said courts respectively : and other matters and things v.hatsuevcr
touching the iiractice of the said courts as may be necessary for the proper conduct of business therein, and
such mil s ami orders from time to time to alter, amend, or revoke, as may be reipiisite : Provided always,
tiiat no Mich rules or orders be in anywise repugnant to the said Act of Parliament or this our charter ; Pro-
vided further, that all such rules and orders be promulgated in the nio..t public and authentic inanner in
niir said colony for thnx" calendar tnonths at the least belore the same shall operate and take effect, and that
%\
• v^w
'.'.. if
1 > '-j'i';l
t II
---tr'
90
APPKNDIX 111.— NORTH AMKRICA.
U i !
tliu same be by the first coiivcniont opportunity transmitted tliroiiRh the governor or acting governor of iiiir
said colony to us, our heirs, and successors, tnr the siKuificntlon of our or their pleasure respectin;; the allow,
luice or di.sallowanci' tliereol : And we do hereby direct, ordnin, aiul appdiiif Ihiit any person or persons I'nl.
inn agRrieved by any judginenl, dicree, order, or sentence of the said Supreme Court, may appeal t(» us, onr
heirs, and successors, in our or their I'rivy Council, in such manner, within such time, and under and siil).
ject to such rules, regulations, and limitations as are hereinafter mentioned, that is to spy, in case any --ucli
judgment, dcerce, ()rder, or seiitenee of the said Supreme Couit shall he given or pronounced for or in re-
spect of any sum or matter at issue al)o\e the amount or value of r)()(H. sterling, or in case such judguunt,
decree, order, or senteiu'e shall involve, diiectly or iniliieetly, nuy claim, di'inand, or (piestion of or respict.
ing property or any civil right, amiuniting to or of the value of ^tlWl. sterling, the person or jiersons feeliiii;
aggrieved by any such judgmr;.t, decree, order, or sentence of the said Supreme Court may, within fourfci n
(lays next after the same shall have been pronounced, made, (U' given, ajiply to the said Supreme Court, hv
petition, for leave to appeal therefrom to us, our heirs, and successors, in our or their I'rivy Council, and in
case such leave to appeal shall he prayed by the party or parties who is or are directed to pay any sum uf
money or perform any duty, the said Supreme Court shall be and is hereby empowered either to direct tlint
the judgment, decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall be carried into execution, or that the execution
thereof shall be suspended pending the sai(l ajipeal, as to the said court may appear to be most con^iistcnt
with real and substantial justice ; and in case the said Supreme Court shall direct such judgment, deiri'c,
order, or sentence to be carried into I'xecution, the person or persons in whose favour the same shall be givui
shall, before the execution thereof, enter into good and sutlicient security, to be approved by the said Sii.
jireine Court, for the due performance of such judgment or oide?-, as we, our heirs, and successors shall tliuik
tit to make thereupon ; or in case the said Supreme Court shall direct the execution of any such judgment,
decree, order, or sentence to be suspendeil jjending the appeal, the person or persons against whom the same
shall have been given shall, in like iiiatuier, and before any order for the suspensiim of any such execution is
made, enter into good and suilieieiit security to the said Supreme Court for the due performance of suili
judgment or order as we, our heirs, or successors shall think tit to make thereupon ; and in all cases we will
and rctpdre that security shall also be given by the party or parties appellant, to the satisfaction of the siii,.
Supreme (.'oiirt, for the prosecution of the appeal and for the payment of all such costs as nuiy be awanldl
by us, our heirs, and successors to the party or parties respondent ; and if such last mentioned security sliiill
be entered into three months from the date of such petition for leave to appeal, then and not otherwise \K
said Supreme Court shall allow the appeal, and the party or parties appellant shall be at liberty to prefer ami
prosecute his, her, or their appeal to us, our heirs, ami successsors, in our or their I'rivy C'ouncil, in such
maimer and form and under such rules as are observe<l in appeals made to us from our plantations or enju.
nics: And we do hereby reserve to ourselves, our heirs and successors, in our or their I'rivy Council, full
|)ower ami authority upon the humble petiti(ui, at any time, of ony person or |)ersons feeling themseUi!!
aggrieved by any judgment, deerie, order, or sentence of the said Supreme ( ourt, to refuse )r admit his, her,
or their appeal Iherelrom, uimn such terms and upon such limitations, restrictions, and regulations, as we iir
they shall think lit, and to reform, correct, lU' vary such judtjinent, dicree, order, or sentence, as to ii>
or them shall seem meet : And it is our further will and pleasure that in all cases of appeal allowed by tlu'
said Supreme Court, or by us, our heirs, and successor, the said Supri'ine Court shall certify ami transmit to
us, our heirs, or stucessors, in our or their I'rivy Council, a true and exact copy of all evidence, proceediii'^-,
judgments, decrees, sentences, and orilers, had or made in such causes appealed, so far as the same have n-
lated to the matter of apjieal, such copies being under the seal id' the' said court : And we do further duert
and orilain that the said Supreme Court of Newfoundland shall in all cases of iqipr al to us, our heirs, aiiil
successors, conform to and execute or cause to be executed such jud;;inents and mders as we, our heirs,
and successors shall think tit to make in the piemises, in such manner as any original judgment, sentnice,
decree, decretal order, or other order or rule of the said Supreme Court of Newloundland could or ini'.;li:
liave been executed : And we do hereby strictly charge and e()mmaniiall governors, commanders, mogistrates,
ministers, civil and military, and all onr liege subjects within and belongini; to the said cidony, that in the
execution of the several powers, jurisdictions, and authorities, hereby grantiit, made, given, or created, tiny
he aiding and assisting ami obedient in all things, as they will answer the contrary at their peril : I'roviilnl
always, that nothing in these juesents contained, or any act which shall be done under the authority tliirect,
shall extend or to be construed to extenil to prevent us, our heirs, and successors, as far as we lawfully may,
from repealing these presents or any part thereof, or for making such further or other provision, by letters.
patent, for the ailministration of justice, civil and criminal, within the said colony and the places now or at
any time hereafter to be annexed thereto, as to us, our heirs, and suei'essors shall seem (it, in as full ami
ample a manner us if these presents had not bet n made, these presents or atiy thing herein contained t.i
the contrary notwithstanding. In witness, Xc.
Witness, &c.
Patent dated I'Jth September, 1825.
AIM'F.NDIX III.— NOinil AMKIUCA.
91
NKWFOUNDI.ANn.— ROYAL INSTRUCTIONS.
hmlrurlions to inir tninlij and iri'll-hrlored Sir Tlnniint Jnhn Cochrane, Knight, our (Joremor and Commander.
in-('liirfiif our Islnnd of Xnrfi)inidliiiid, iir in A/.i (ilmi'iicr lit llic l.ieiili'niint-dnrrrniir or officer ndinini.tler'
iu'j; the •:;iirernment of iiitr siiid Island fur tlir lime being, liiren at uur Cuurl at St, James'a, the 'JCtk
day of July, 183:;!, in the third year of our reign.
I. Witli these our instructions you will receive our coniinis.sion under our };reiit seal of the United
KinKil"n\ of (irent Mritiiin and Ireland cimsritutinf; you our Ciovernor and ('onmmnder-in-Chii'f in and
over our said island of .N'ewfoundlaml and its depeii'U'ueies. You are therelVjre witli all conveniiiit speed to
assume and enter vipoii the execution of tlie trust we liav* reposed in yon. .Au'l you are forthwith to c.ill
tii^etlicr the followint; persons, whom we do hereby appoint to he lueinhers of our council n\ our saUl island,
!Uiy three of whom to he a (piorum : viz. 'i'he chief justice for the Mme hein;.; of our said island; the chief
ullic! r in command of our land foreis for the time hein;; in our siud island next after our governor thereof for
the time heiiif; ; theattorney-geiu'ral for the time heing of our said i-^land ; the collector or other chief officer
ijf customs for the time heing of our said island ; the colonial secretary for the time heini; of our said island,
and William llaly, Ixpiire.
■_'. .\nd von are with all doe aiel usual solemnity to cause our said eoniniissiou, constitutin;; ynu our go-
vernor and eonimi!iider-in-chief as afonsaid, to he read and published at the lirst meeting of our said
council, and shall then take, and abo administir to each of tlu' members thereof, the several oaths therein
re(piired.
,'f. Yon shall administer or cause to hi' administered the several oaths mentioned in our said commission
to all judges, justices and other persons who hold any place of trust or protit in our said island, willu)ut the
(Irinu; of which yo are not to admit any person what.^oever into any public oll'iee, nor sutler those who
may have already been admitted to co?itinue therein
I. You are to cnniuiunieate forthwith such of these our instructions to our said council, wherein their
luhiie and consent are nn'otioned to he re(piisite, aud likewise all such others from lime to time as you sliall
liiid coiivenii'iit for our strviee to be impailed to them.
■). ^ on are to |ii' . 'it tlie mi'iubeis of our said council to have and enj ly freedom of debate, and Vvj'e iu all
•ilViiir'' of public concern that may he suboiitted to thi'ir consideration in council.
.1. And that wi' may be always informed of the names and characters of |)ersons tit to supply the vacan-
cies in our said couru-il, you are from time to tiuic, whenever any vacancy shall happen therein, forthwith to
trniisiiiif unto us, througli one of our principal secretaries of state, the names of three persons, inlmbltunts
ol thr ^;^i<l island, whom you .shall esteiin tlie best ([ualilied for tlu; trust.
7. And whereas by our eoniniissiou you are empowered in case of the diath or absence of any of
tlie members of our said council to till U[) the vacancies therein to the number of three, and no more,
you are therefore from time to time to send to us, tbrous^h one of our pri'icipal secretaries of stati, the
naiiii's and qnalitications of any members by you put into our said council by the fnst opportunity after
M) (loin;;.
H And in the choice and nomination of the mi'inbers of our said council as also of the judges, j.istices,
and othi'r olli' crs, \ on are always to take care that they he nu'u of good lile, will all'ected to our j^overn-
iiieiit, of <j;ood estates, and abilities suitable to their employments.
'.). You are neither to au:;ment nor diminish the number of the members of our said couru'il as already
(Stablished, iiiir to suspend any of tbeui without (lood and sullicie; t cause, nor without the consent of the
iiinjority of the said council, si^nilied in council after ilue examination of the eliar;:e agamst such councillor,
and his answer thereunto ; and in case of the suspension of ariy of them, you are to cause your riasons for
so doinn, to>;ethi'r with the cbar;,'es and proofs against such couiicilhu', ami his answer thereunto, to he duly
<'iitercd upon the council-book, anil forthwith to fransiiiit c ipies to us, through mi'' of our piineipal secre-
taries of state. Nevertheless, it it should happen that you should have reasons for suspending any o! tlie
nienibers of our said council, not lit to be commiinii'ati'd to our said council, you may in that case suspend
sui'l" member witliout their consent. Hut yon are thei ,upoii immediately to send to us, through one of our
principal secretaries of state, an account of your proceedings therein, together with your reasons at large for
such suspensi in, and also your reasons for not comniunicating the same to our council.
10, And whereas etfeetnal care ought to be taken to oliliye the members of our said council to a due attend-
ance therein, and thereby to prevent the incoiueniences that may happen t'roiii the want of a ipiorum tn
transact biisiiiess as occasion may reipiire, it is our will and iileasure that if any of the meir.heis of our said
eiMiiicil shall hereafter absent themselves from the said island, and continue absent above the space of six
iiioi.tlis together without leave from you or our comniaiider-in-ehief for the time being tirst obtained under
your or !us hand or seal, or shall remain absent for the space ol two years successively without leave given
tluiii under our royal sign manual and signet, their place or places ,u the said council shall iiiimediately
tlureiipon become void ; and that if any of the members of our said council, then residing within our said
i-laii(l, shall heriafter aliMiit themselves when duly siimmoneil, without a sullicieiit cause, and shall persist
in such absence after being thereof adiiioiiisbed by you, you suspend the said I'ouiii'lllors so absenting them-
selves till our further will and pleasure tlurein he kno>vn, giving immediate notice thereof to us, through one
"tour principal secretaries of stall' ; and we ,io hereby will and reipiire that our royn! pleasuru he 8igni!it'd
to tlie inemliers of our said council and entered in the council-hook as a standing rule.
II. And whereas by our aforesaid commission you are aiithori/ed and empowered to summon and call
•-■eiieriil assemblies of the freeholders and househohlers within our said ishind, In such manner and form, anil
H curding to such powers, instructions, and authorities as are granted or appointed hy these our instruction*
»- S.Jti }f
\1
K -Pt
(.
kl
i
\
I i
«
<fii
m
!
116
.11^ I ;
92
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
r'i''fii!.
in tlint behnlf, you are thcrcforp, for the piirposi' of olcctinp; the members of such asserr I)lic9, hereby autho-
rized to issue proclamations dividing; our said iainnd into districts or counties, towns rr townsiiips, and ap.
pointing the limits thereof, and declarins; aiid nppointiiif; the nmnbcr of rpprescntativi\« to be chosen by ciiih
of such districts or counties, towns or townships respectively, and from time to time tc nominate and appoint
proper persons to execute the office of returning otliccr in each of the said district i or counties, towns or
townships ; and you are, so soon as you shall sec expedient, to issue writs in our name, directed to the proper
officers in each district or county, town or townshij), directing them to summon the freeholders and house-
holders thereof, to proceed to the election of persons to re|)resent them in the general assembly according to
the regulations and directions to be signified in the proclamation to be issed by you as aforesaid,
l:i. You arc to observe in the passing of all laws, that the style of enacting the same be by the governor,
council, and assembly.
13. And we do hereby require and romniand that you do not, on any pretence whatever, give your assent
to any law or laws to be passed by whici. the number of the assembly shall be cnlarfjed or diminished, the
duration ascertaiiuii, liie i[iiulitications of th.' electors or the elected fixed or altered, or by which any regu-
lations shall be established with respect theieto, until you shall have first transmitted unto us, through one
of our principal secretaries of state, the dia'.t of such bill or bills, and shall have received our royal pleasure
thereupon, unless you take care in the jHe.sing such bill or bills that a clause or clauses be inserted therein
suspending and deferring the execution ihereof until our will and pleasure shall be known thereupon.
14. And you shall not re-enact any law or laws to which the assent of us or our royal predecessors 1ms
oiice been refused, without express have for that purpose first obtained from us, upon a full representation by
you, to be made to us through one of our principal secretaries of state, of the reason and necessity for re-
enacting such law.
15. And it is our express will and pleasure, that no law for coi.stituting any court or courts of judicature,
or for establishing the militin, shall be a temporary law ; and that no law for granting unto us any sum or
gums of money by duties of impost, tonnage, or I xcise, be made to continue for less than one whole year;
as also thr.t no other laws whatsoever be made to contini.i! for less than two years, except o.ily in cases
where it 'nay be nr;cessary for some unforeseen emergency to make provision by law for a service in its
nature tcnporary aad contingent.
IT). Y( u are also, as much as possible, to observe in the passing of all laws, that each different matter be
j)rovided for by a diii'erent law, without intermixing in one and the same act such things as have no proper
relation to each oilier ; and you are more especially to take care that no clause or clauses be inserted in, or
annexed to, any act which shall bo foreign to what the title of such respective act imports; and that no pir-
petual clause be part of any temporary law ; and that no act whatever be suspended, altered, contiiiueil,
revived, or repealed by general words, but that the title and date of such act so suspended, altered, conti-
nued, revived, or repealed, be particulnrly mentioned and expressed in the enacting part,
17. Ami you are particularly tnjoined not to pass any law, or do any act, by grant, deed, conveyance, or
(itlicrwisc, whereby our revenue may be lessened or impaired without our especial leave or comiiiaiul
thereon.
18. It is our will and pleasure that you do not give your assent to any bill or bills for raising money liy
the institution of any public or private lotteries wliatsoever until you shall have first transmitted unto ii«,
through one of our principal secretaries of state, a droit Oi' drafts of such bill or bills, and shall have received
our directions thereupon.
I'J. It is our will and pleasure that you do not, on any pretence whatever, give your assent to, or pass any
bill or bills in our island under your government, by which the lands, tenements, goods, chattels, rights anil
credits of jiersons who have never resided within our said island, shall be liable to be seized or taketi ia
execution for the recovery of debts due from such persons, otherwise than is allowed by law in cases of a like
nature within our realm of England, until you shall have first transmitted unto us, through one of our
principal secretaries of state, the drat't of such bill or bills, and shall have received our royal pleasure there-
upon, unless you take care, in the passing of such bill or bills, that a clause or clauses be inserted therein,
suspending and defcnirig the execution thereof until our royal will and pleasure shall be known thereupon.
•20. It IS our further will and pleasure that you do not, \ipon any pretence whatsoever, give your assent tu
any bill or bills that iniiy have been or sliall hereafter be jiassed by the council and assembly of the islam!
under your poveriinient for the naturalization of aliens, nor for the divorce of persons joined togetl-er m
holy matrimony, nor for establishing a title in any person to lands, tenements, and real estates in our snid
island, originally granted to or puiclmseii by aliens antecedent to naturalization.
:il. Whereas great mischiefs have arisen by the frerpient imssing of bills of an unusual and extraordinary
nature and importance in the plantations, which bills remain in force there from the time of enacting iiiiiil
our pleasure be signified to the contrary, we do hereby will and reipiire you not to pass or give your assent
to any bill or bills passed in the assembly of an unusual and extraordinary nature and importance, whereby
our prerogative or the property of our subjects nay be prejudiced, nor to any bill or bills whereby the trado
or shipping of this kingdom shall he in anywise affected, until you shall have first transmitted unto iis,
through one of our |)rincipal secretaries of state, a draft of such bill or l)ills, and shall have received (iiir
royal pleasure thereupon, unliss you take care in the passing any such bills us aforementioned, that there In'
a clause inserted therein, suspending and deferring the execution thereof until our pleasure shall be known
concerning the pame,
'22, You are also to take care that no privrte act be passed, whereby the property of any |)rivate pcr'i'ii
mav be aH'eeted, in which there is not a saving of the rights of us, our heirs and successors, all bodies \nil\fic
and corporate, and of ell other, except such as are mentioned in the said act, and those claiming by, trcini,
and under them ; and further, you shall take care that no such private act be passed without o clause sus-
(tending the execution thereof until the fame «liiili have received our royal npproliation. It is likewise our
will and pleasure that you do luif give y<iur assent to any |)rivafe act until proof be made before ymi i"
APP..i>(niX MI.— NORTH AMERICA.
03
, hereby nutlio-
iisliips, and n|).
■ chosen by ciiih
late Biul appoint
unties, towns or
;o(Uo the |)ropiT
lers and house-
lily according to
lid.
by the governor,
give your assent
r diminished, the
which any regu-
us, tiirough one
ur royal pleasure
' inserted therein
hereupon,
predecessors lias
representation by
necessity for re-
nts of judicature,
to us any sum or
1 one whole year;
:ept oaly in cases
r a service in its
iffercnt matter be
IS have no proper
be niserted in, or
and that no pi r-
iltered, continmil,
ed, altered, conti-
:>d, conveyance, or
■ave or comnia;nl
raising money liy
insmitted unto w,
hall have receivid
?nt to, or pass any
battels, rights and
icized or taken in
*• in cases of a like
brough one of our
yal pleasure tlicrc-
c inserted therein,
nown thereupon,
five your assent tn
nilily of the islaml
joined topetl-er in
estates in our saiil
and extraordinnry
of enacting niinl
)r give your assin'
portance, wluriln
whereby the triiil'
iUiKmitted unto ns,
liave received nur
)Med,that there lie
lire shall be known
any private iier^mi
s, all bodies politic
claiming by, fruHi,
thout a clause sus-
It is likewise mit
made before Mm m
council, and entered in the council -book, that public notification was made, of the parties' intention to apply
for such an act, in the several parish churches where the premises in question lie, for three Sundays at least
successively, before any such act shall be bnuigbt into the assembly, and that a certiticate. under your hand,
he transmitted with, and annexed to every such private act, signifying that the same has passed through all
the forms above mentioned.
■>:\. You are to take care that in all acts or orders to be passed within our said island, in any case for
levying money or imposing fines and penalties, express mention bo made that the same is granted or reserveil
to us, our heirs and successors, for the iiublic uses of the said island, and the sujiport of the government
thereof, as by the said act or order shall be directed.
•2-\. You are not to sutler any public money whatsoever, whether it be appropriated to any particular ser-
vice or not by the act granting the same, to be issued or disposed of otherwise than l)y warrant under your
Imnd, by and with the consent of the said coiuicil. Hut the ns^euibly may nevertheless bo permitted from
time to time to view and examine tb accounts of money or value of money disposed of by virtue of laws
niadc by theiu, as there shall be occasion.
•J.i. You arc not to permit any clause whatsoever to be inserted in any law for levying of money, or the
value of money, whereby the same shall not be made liable to be accoinited for unto us, here in this king-
dom, and to our commissioners of our treasury, or our high treasurer for the time being ; and wc do parti-
cularly retpiir: and enjoin you, upon pain of our highest displeasure, to take care thiit fair books of accounts
nf all receipts and payments of all such money be duly kept, and copies thereof bi; transmitted to our com-
missioners of our treasury, or to our high treasurer (or the time being, aiul in which books shall be speci-
fied every particular sum raised or disposed of, together with the names of the jiersons to whom any payment
shall be made, to the end we may he satisfied of the right and due application of the revenue of our said
island, with the probability of the increase and diminution of it, under every head and article thereof.
■2C}. It is our will and pleasure that you do in all things conform yourself to the provisions contained in
nn Act of Parliament ]mssed in the fourth year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the Third, inti-
tuled, " An Act to prevent paper bills of credit hereafter to be issued in any of Ills Majesty's cohiuies or
plantations in America from bein:; declr>-e(i to be a legal tender in payment of money, an<l to prevent the
le'^'al tender of such bills as are now s'.iiisis.'og from bein;; prolonged beyond the periods limited for recalling
in and sinking the same ;" and also of an act passed in t'.ic thirteenth year of the reign of bis late Majesty to
explain and amend the above-recited act passed in the fourth year of his reign as aforesaid ; and you are not
to give your assent to, or pass any act whereby bills of credit may be struck or issued in lieu of mimey, or
for payment of money, either to you, our governor, or to any person whatsoever, unless a clause b.- inserted
in such act, declaring that the same shall not take ell'ect until the said act shall have been duly approved and
confirmed by us, our heirs or successors.
L'7. You are to transmit an authenticated and separate copy of every law, statute or ordinance that at any
time hereafter shall be made or enacted within the island under your government, under the public seal,
unto us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, within three moinhs, or sooner, after their being
enacted, ui)on pain of our highest displeasure, ami of the forfeiture of that yeai's salary wherein you shall
omit to send over the said laws, statutes, and ordinances as aforesaid, within the time above-mentioned, as
also of such other penalty as we shall please to inflict ; but if it shall hiippen that no shipping shall come
from our said island within three months after the making such laws, statutes, and ordinances, the same are
to he transmitted by the next conveya'ce after the making thereof, whenever it may happen, for our ajipro-
bation or disallowance of the same.
'JH. And it is our further will and puasure, that the copies and duplicates of all acts that shall be trans,
mitted as aforesaid be fairly abstracted in the nnirgents, and there be inserted the several dates or respective
times when the same passed the council and assembly, and received your assent ; and you are to be as par-
ticular as may be in your observations, to be sent to us through one of our pruuipal secretaries of state,
upon every act; that is to say, whether the same is productive of a new law, declaratory of a former law, or
does repeal a law then before in being, and you are likewise to send to us, through one of our principal
necretarics of state, the reasons for the passing of such laws, unless the same do fully appear in the pream-
bles of the said acts.
li'J. You are to reiiuire the secretary of the island utuler your government, or his dep\ity for the time
being, to furnish you with transcripts of nil sue h acts and public orders ns shall be nuide from time to time,
to;;ether with copies of the journals of the council, and that nil such copies be fairly abstracted in the mar-
gents, tothe end the same may be transinitted to ns, through one of our priiicijial secretaries of state, which
he is duly to perform upon pain of inciirrwig the f irleiture oi his oflice.
;i(). You are also to refpiire from the clerk of the esseinbly of the said islaml, or other proper olUcer,
'rnnscripts of all the journals and other proceedings of the said assembly, and that all such transcripts be
fairly abstracted in the margonts, to the end the same mi.y in like manner be transmitted as aforesaid.
31. You shall not appoint any person to be a judge or ju-tice of the peace without the advice and consent
ef the majority of the council of our said island, signified in council. And it is our futher will and pleasure
tliat all commissions to be granted by you to any persons to be judges, justices of the peace, or other necea-
liiiry olliccrs, be granted diirimr pleasure only.
^^2. Yon shall not suspend any of the judges, justices, or other officers or ministers, without good and
sntlicient cause, which you shall signify in the fullest and ni( .t distinct manner to us, through one of our
principal secretaries of state.
;.;i. It being of the greatest importance to our servcic, and to the welfare of our subjects, that justice be
every where speedily and duly administered, and that all diso'-ders, delays, and other unnue practises in the
mlininistnition thereof, be eirectually prv'vented ; we do particularly reipiire vou to lake especial care tlmt in
iill courts where you are authorized to preside, justice be impartiidly administered ; and that in nil (vther
courts established within our said !■ land, all judges ami other po.'-oiis tluriin conceriiei! dc likewise perform
. r>t
•!: ■■'J
■H:
14
If
94
APPENDIX III.— NORTH AMERICA.
I!
thoir several diitlrs without any delny or partiality, You »lmll not erect any court or ofllce of Judicature not
before erected or established, nor dissolve any court or otlicc already erected or e»tal)li»he<l, without our
cspeeinl order.
34. Ydu nro, for the better ndniiuistrntion of justice, tn endeavour to ijet a law passed in our said island
wherein slinll be set the vulue of men's estates, either in t,'(iods or lands, inider which they shall not be capu-'
ble of servinj; as jurors.
Xt. You arc to take care that all writs be issued in our name throughout our said island under your
govenuuent.
'M't. Wlurens, in pursuance of an net passed in the fifth year of the reign of his late Majesty, King Geor"e
the Tourth, intituled, " An Act tor the better ndininistrntion of justice in Newfoundland, and for othir
purposes," by our charter or letters patent, issued uiuler the preat seal of the I'liited Kiu)!;dom ot (iniit
Britain and Ireland, a supreme court of jurisdiction, called the " Supreme Court of Newfoundland," was
erected and established in our said island, with certain powers nrul autboiilies, and uruler certain regulations
therein specified, you are hereby required to take care that the same be duly ctunplied with, and put in
execution.
37. You are, with the advice and consent of our council, to take especial care to regulate all salaries and
fees belont'ln!: to places, or paid upon enierpeiicies, that they be within the bounds ot moderation, and tliat
no I'Xtortion be made on any occasion whatever, i<8 also that tables of all ties l>e publicly huni; up in nil
places where such lees are to be paid ; and you are to iransmit copies of all such tables of fees to us, throu<'li
one of our principal secretaries ot state.
'.iH. You shall not by colour of any power or authority, hereby or otherwise granted or mentioned to bi'
granted to you, take upon you to give, giant, (U' dispose of any ollice or place witbui our said islanil, which
now is or shall be grnnfed under the great seal of this kingdom, or to wliich any person is or shall be np.
,M)inted by warrant under our sign manual and signet, any further than you may, upon the vacancy of any
such oflice or place, or upon the supension of any such officer by you, put in any lit person to olliciate in
the interim till you shall have represented the matter to us, through one of our |irincipal secretaries of state,
which you nre to do by the first opportunity, and have received our furtlier directions therein.
31). You are to transniit luito us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, with all convenient
speed, a particuliir account of all establishuicnts of jurisdictiiM)S, courts, otiices and olliccrs, powers, autho-
rities, fees, and privileges, granted and settled, or which shall bo granted uud settled within our said island.
as likewise an accoiuit of all the expenses attending the cstablishinunt of the said courts, and of such funds us
are settled and appropriated to di-icbargc the same.
40 It is oiu- express wdl and pleasure that you be at all times aiding and assisting unto our olVicirs
appointed for the managing, levying, collecting ami reci'iving public revenues, and such duties and revenues
as are or shall hereafter be laid and imposed within your government, and the seizures, forfeitures, and
arrears which shall accrue and grow due by reason thereof.
41. And wherea> complaints have been made by the olRcers of our customs in our plantations in .\merica
tnat they have been fre(pii ntly obliged to serve on juries, and personally to appear in anus whensoever the
militia is drawn out, aiio thereby arc nuich hindered in tbi' execution of their employments, our will ninl
pleasure is, that you take ell'ectual care, and uive the nectssary directions that the several otlicers of our
customs be excused and exenipred from serving on any juries, or personally appearing in arms in the militia,
unless in case of ab.solute necessity, or serving any parochial ollices which may hinder them in the executiuii
of their duties.
42. And in case of the > K'ancy of the collector, or any of our olliccrs of the customs by death, removal, or
otherwise, anri in ordi i that there may be no delay given on occasion of such vacancy to the masters of
ships or mercl-.ants in iheir despatch, you are hereby empowcri'd, subject to such instructions as you shall
receive from our ci>uiuiissi(meis of oiu- treasury, or our high treasurer, or from the commissioners of luir
customs for the time being in this behalf, to appoint other persons duly (pialitied to execute such ollices,
until further directions shall be received from our commissioners of our treasury, or our high treasurer, to
whom you are to give notice of such appointments by the first opportunity, taking care that you do nut,
under preti:>'"e of this instruction, interfere with the powers and authorities given to our said collector by
our commissioners of our treasury, or our high treasurer, or by the commissioners of our customs.
43. You shall not remit any fines or forleituies whatever above the sum of 50/., nor dis(iosc of any
fiu-friiurcs whatsoever until upon signifying unto our cemimissioners of our treasury, or our high treasurer
for the time bei.ig, the nature of f'c ort'ence and the occasion ef such tines and forfeitures, with the particular
sums or value thereof (which you are to do with all speed), you shall have received our directions therein,
but you may in the meantime suspend the payment of the said fines and forfeitures.
44. It is our will and pleasure that you do not dispose of forfeitures or escheats to any persons until the
provost marshal or other proper oflicir have made impiiries by a jury upon their oaths into the true value
thereof, nor until you shall have transmitted to our commissioners of our treasury, or to our high treasui\f
for the tinu^ beiiu:, a particular account of such forfeitures and escluats, and the value thereof, and shi'll
have receive 1 our directions thereu|io;>, and you are to take care that the produce of the said forfeitures and
escheats, in case we think proper to give yuu direction to dispose of the same, be duly paid to the receiver
of our casual revenue ; and that a full account thereof be transmitted to our commisioncrs of (uir treasury,
or to our high treasurer for the time being, with the names of the persons to whmn disposcil if.
4.'>. Whereas you receive from our emnmissioners for executing the (dlice of high admiiiU a commission
constituting you vice-ad liral of our said island, you are hereby required and directed caiefully to put in
execution the several jiowers tl.'n iiy granted to you.
4^1. .\nd whereas coininissions have been granted in our colonies and plantations for trying pirates in those
parts, pursuant to the acts lor thu more eii'ectuiil supprcsstun of piracy, our will and pleasure is, thut in
iidicfttiiro not
wit hunt our
r snul iHland,
not be c'lipii-
uiidcr yoiir
King Gcor'io
nil tor othrr
om ot (illHt
ndlniid," wiis
in ro'^iilations
I, and put in
II sninrirs niid
tion, nnd tliiir
inni; up in nil
:o us, through
•ntioniHi to 1)0
island, which
ir shall l>e up>
icancy of luiy
to otliciati' in
:aiic8 of stall',
all convrnictit
lowfrs, antiio-
iir said islaiiil.
such funds ; s
to our oftii'crs
and ri'vi'iiuis
irfciturcs, ami
ns in America
'hcnsoi'ViT tlie
, our will and
[jIliciTs of oiir
in thi- militia,
the execution
I, removal, or
lie masters of
as you shall
iioners of our
such otliccs,
treasurer, to
you do nut,
collector liy
mis.
lispose of any
ii;;h treasurer
111' particular
tious therein,
ons until the
the true vahii'
high treasiin.
eof, and shi'll
orfeitures and
o the receiver
our treasury,
f.
a commission
ully to put II.
rates in those
uie is, that in
API'KNDIX III r OllTII AMERICA.
9:>
all matters rolntinK to pirates you (govern yourself accordiii;; to the intent of thp acts before mentioned, and
any commission ymi may receive in relerence thereto.
■17. And whereas there have been ureat iiieguhiritii's in the manner of ^rantin^ commissions tn privnto
ships of war, you are to govern yourself, whenever there shall be occasion, according to the cominission nnd
instructions granted in this kingdom: hut you are not to grant coniiiiissions of manpie or reprisal a;;ainst
any prince or state or their suhjei'ts in amity with us to any person whatsoever without our special coinniand.
4H. Whereas we have thought it necessary for our service to constitute and appoint a receiver-general of
our rights and perquisites of the ailiuiralty, it is therefore our will and pleasure that you be aiding nn<l
assisting to the said receiver-general, his deputy or de(iuties, in the execution of the said olVice of receiver-
general ; and we do hereby enjoin and reipiire you to make up your accounts with him, his deputy or
deputies, of such rights of admiralty (elVects of pirates included) as you or your odicers have received, or
shall or may receive for the future, and to pay over to the said receiver-general, his deputy or deputies, for
our use, all such sum or sums of money as shall ajipear upon the foot of such accounts to lie and remain in
your hands, or in the hands of any of your idlicers : And whereas our said receiver-general is directed, in
case the parties chargeable with any part id' such our revenue refuse, neglect, or delay payment thereof, by
himself or sulVicient deputy, to apply in our name to our governors, judges, attorney-general, or any other
our officers or niagistrates, to be aiding or assisting to him in recovering the same, it is therefore our will
and pleasure that you, our governor, our judges, our attorney-general, and all other ollicers whom it may
concern, do use all lawful authority for the recovering and levying thereof.
•IK. And whereas by letters patent under the great seal of our I'nited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
hearing date at Westminster tl-.e lOtb day of May, Ih:.'.'>, the island of Newfoundland was constituted to he
part of the see of the bishop of Nova Scotia, and the said bishop was thereby duly autbori/ed to exercise
jurisdiction, spiritual and ecclesiasticHl, in the said colonies, it Is our will and pleasure that in the adminis-
tration of the government of our said island you should be aiding and assisting to the said bishop, and to his
commissary or conuuissaries, in the execution of their charge, and the exercise of such ecclesiastical juris-
diction, excepting only the granting licenses for marriages and probates of wills.
.')0. We do enjoin and re(|uiro that you do take especial care that Almighty God be devoutly and truly
served throughout your government, the book of common prayer, as by law established, read each Sunday
and holiday, and the blessed sacrament administered aecordinn to the rites of the Church of Kiigland. Voii
shall be careful that all orthodox cliurclies already built there be well and orderly kept, and that more be
built, as our island shall, by (iod's blessing, be improved. And that liesides a eompeti'iit maintenance to be
assigned to the minister of each orthodox cbureh, a convenient house be built at the common char'.;e for
each minister, and a competent portion of land for a j^li'lie be allotted to him. And you are to take care
that the parishes be so limited and settled ns you shall find most convenient for the accomplishing this nood
work, and in all matters relating to the celebration of divine worship, the erection and repair of eburcheg,
the maintenance of ministers, and the settlement of parishes tliroii'_'hout your government, you are to advice
with the right reverend father in God the bishop of Nova Scotia for the time being.
.")!. Upon the vacancy of any ecclesiastical benetice in our said island, you will present to the said bishop
of Nova Scotia for the time being, for institution to such vacant benetice, any clerk in holy orders of the
I'nited Church of Kngland and Ireland, who sihall have been aelually resident within the said diocese, and
iithciating there as a clerk in holy orders, for six calendar months at the least next before such Inniiice shall
have become vacant, whom the said bishop msiy certify to you to be a tit and proper person to till such
vacancy, and to be a person of good life and conversation, and conformable to the doctrine nml discipline of
the said United Church. Hut if at the time of any such vacancy occurring there shall not be risident within
the said diocese any clerk in holy orders of the said United Church who shall have been resident and
olliciating therein as aforesaid, in whose favour the said bishop shall think proper so to certify to you, or if
no such certificate shall iie received by you from the said bishop within three calendar months next after
such vacancy shall occur, then and in either of such cases you shall forthwith report the circumstances to
us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, to the intent that we may nominate some fit and proper
person, being a clerk in holy orders ns aforesaid, to till the said vacancy. And we do enjoin and command
you to present to the said bislioj) for instit.ition to any such vacant ecclesiastical benetice, any clerk who
may be so nominated by us, through one of our principal secretaries of state.
^>'2. You are to inf[uire whether there be any minister within your government who preaches and admi-
nisters the sacrament in any orthodox church or cliapel, without being in due orders, and to give an account
thereof to the said bishop of Nova Scotia.
.'),3. And whereas doubts have 'u-isen whether the powers of gnmting liccn.ses for marriages and probates
of wills, commonly called the otVice of ordinary, which we ii;i>: reserved to you, our trovernor, can be exer-
cised by deputation from yon to any other person within our said island under your governmrm, it is our
express will and pleasure, and you are hereby directed nnd rerpiiied not to grant deputations for the exercise
of the said powers, commonly called the olVice of ordinary, to any person or persons whatsoever in our said
island under your government.
r)4. And you are to take especial care that a table of marriages established by the canons of the Church of
Kngland he hung up in every orthoilox church nnd duly observed.
.')'>. The Right Reverend Father in (Jod, Kdmund, then Lord Bishop of London, having presented a petition
to His Majesty King George the First, humbly beseeching hinr to send instructions to the governors of all
the several colonies and plantations in .America, that they cause all laws already made against blasphemy,
lirofancness, adultery, fornication, polygamy, incest, profanation of the Lord's day, swearin;:, and drunken-
ni'ss in their respective governments to be rigorously executed, aiul we, thinking it highly just tiiat all jiersons
who shall otl'cnd in any of the particulars aforesaid should be prosecuted and punished for their said oHinces,
it is therefore our will and pleasure that you do take care for the due punishment of the aforementioned vices,
;stly recommend that ell'ectual laws be passed for the restraint and punishment of all such
iii
l'!{
u
you I
[fl^
I
i!'
p
; !
<
1:1
S
I '
1
96
Al'PKNDIX III.— NORTH AMKRICA.
of the afori'inontionwl vice* ogninst which no laws are as yet provideil. And also you arc to use your
ciidcnvDurs to rriidiT the laws in hiinc; nii»ri' ctri'ctuKl, hy providiii); for the punishinrot of the af( remcntioncd
yici's, hy iiresi'iitiiifnt U|Mm oiitli to lie inadc to tiie tenipoial courts liy the cliiirchwiirdfiis of the sov. rnl
]inri.slKa, iit proper tinus of the year to he nppoiiited for timt purpose ; and for the further discournnenieiil
of viee luid ('nrooni^eMicnt of virtue and good livir)<;, you iirc not to niliiiit any persons to pulilie trus'.s oi
employments in the islands under your };ovi'rnment whose ill fame and conversation may occasion Bcan.lal.
f)(). It is our further will an<l pleasure that you recornmciul to the lc(;islature to enter upon proper nn thuds
for the erecting and mnintaiiiinp; schools in order to the traiuinj; up of youth to readin;;, and to a necessary
knowledge of the jirinciplcs of religion. You are not, however, to nive your consent to any act respectin;;
relii;ion without a clause suspendini? its operation untd our pleasure shall have heen signilicd thereu|)on,
unless a draft thereof r.hall have heen previously transmitted hy you for our consideration and approval.
.')7. And we do further direct, that in all matters arisini; within your t;overnment connected with the
education of youth in the principles of the Christian religion according to the doctrine of the said t'uitid
Church of Kngland, or C(jiineeted with the prevention of vice and profaiu'ucss, or the conversion of negroes
and other slaves, or coiuu-eted will) the worship of Almighty God, or the promotion of religion and virtue,
you he advising with the hishop for the time heirig of the said diocese of Nova Scotia, and he aiding him in
the execution of all such designs and undertakings as may he rcconunended hy the said hishop for the
promotion of any of the ohjects hefore nu'ntioned, so far as such designs and undertakings may he consistent
with the law, and with your siiid commission and these our instructions.
l)H. You are to transmit to us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, regular monthly returns
of the militia of our said island whenever and so long as the same shall he embodied, with a particular state
of their arms and accoutrements; and for the due preservation and security of which you are to estahlisli
such regulations as you shall judge to he most cfTeetual for that purpose.
!')[>. You siiall not upon any occasion whatsoever estahlish or put in execution any articles of war, or other
law martial, upon any of our suhjects, inhahitants of our said island, without the consent and advice of our
Council.
(U). And in case of any distress of any other of oiu' plantations, you shall, upon application of the respective
governors thereof unto you, assist them with wdiat aid the condition and safety of our island under your
government can spare.
fil . You shall, fiiim time to time, give unto us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, an account
of the wants and defects of the island under your government, what are the chief products thereof, what
improvements have heen lati'ly made, and what further improvenu'nts you conceive may he made, or advan-
tages gained hy trade, and in what way we may contrihute thereunto.
fi2. If any thing shall happen which may he of advantage or security to our island under your government,
which is not herein or hy (uu' couwuission provided for, we do hereliy allow you, with the advice and consent
of our Council, to take orders for the present therein, giving unto us, through one of our principal secretariis
of state, speedy notice thereof, that so you may receive our latitication, if we shall approve the same : Pro-
vided always, that you do not, under colour of any power or authority herehy given to you, commence er
declare war without our knowledge and particular eoiimuuids therein first ohtaincd leave for so doiirg from
us, under our 8i2;n- manual and sigiret, or liy our order in our Privy Council.
fi3. And whereas we have thought tit, by our commission, to direct that In case of your death or ahsencr,
and there be at that time no person within our said island commissioned or appointed by us to be lieutenant-
goveriuir, or specially appointed hy us to administer the government within our said island, that the coun-
cillor whose name is tirst placed in our instructions to you, (unless it shall therein be otherwise signilied,)
and who shall be, at the time of your absence, residing within our said island, and who shall take the oaths
apjiointed to he taken hy you or the commander-in-chief of our said island, shall take upon him the adminis-
tration (d' the government, and execute our said commission and instructions and the several jiowers nnd
authorities therein cimtained, in the manner therein directed. It is, nevertheless, our express will and plea-
sure that HI such cases the councillor so administering the government shall forbear to pass any act or nets
but what are immediately irecessary for the peace and welfare of the said island, without our particular order
for that purpose ; and that he shall not take upon him to dissolve the assembly then in being, or to remove
or suspend any of the members of our council, nor any judges, justices of the peace, or other ollicir, civil or
military, witliout the advice or consent of at least seven of the council, nor even then without good and
sulticient reason for the same, which the said irrcsident is to transmit, signed by himself and the respective
council, to us, through one of oiu' principal secretaries of stat".
64. And whereas we are willing to provide in the best manner for the support of the government of our
sB-.d island, by setting apart suHicient allowances to such as shall be our governor or commander-in cliief,
residing for the time being within the same, our will and pleasure is, that when it shall happen that you shall
be absent from our said island, one full moiety of the salary, and of all perquisites and emoluments what-
soever, which would otherwise become due unto voir, shall, during the time of your absence, be paid and
satistied unto such lieutenant-governor or president of the council for the time being, which we do hereliy
order and allot unto him for his maintenance, and for the better support of the dignity of our govern-
ment.
6.5. And you are upon all occasions to send to us, through one of our principal secretaries of state, a
particular account of your proceedings, and of the conditions of affairs within your government.
! to »»e your
rcmcntioiicd
f till' scvi rtil
CDurnni'iTii-'iit
lilic trus's (II
on scnn.liil.
()|K'rn\i tlioilH
a nc'CCRsiity
Ct rl'^*|l*'l•tillK
(1 tluTi'Upon,
ipjirovnl.
ti'd with tlir
11- said Uniti J
[in of ncurois
in nnd virtiir,
Hiding liini in
jishop for tlic
' be consistent
mthly n-tiirns
inrticular stiiti"
re to estabiisli
f wnr, or othot
1 advice of our
the respective
m\ under your
ntc, an account
tlurcof, wimt
lade, or advaii-
nr govcrnmont,
ci' uud ciinsi'iif
•ipol srcntariis
he snnic ; I'ro-
, commence (m
so doing fruni
lath or nhacnce,
he liuutcnnnt-
tliat the coun-
|wise signilieil,;
take the oatliH
Im tlic adminin-
|rnl )(owers nnil
will and pirn-
inny act or acts
iiuticulnr oiilir
or to remove
ilictr, civil nr
lioiit good and
the respective
^rnmcnt of mir
lander-in cliiil',
that you shall
Llmnouts what-
tc, be paid and
we do hcri'hy
|)f our govcrii-
ries of state, a
lit.
APPENDIX MI.— NORTH AMKUICA. 97
[COMMISSION TO THE GOVERNOR OF NEWFOUNDLAND.]
A Proclamation.
William tlie Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Rritain and Ireland, King,
Defender of the Faith, Sic.
To all to whom these presents shall conu , greeting ;
Wmkhvas hy our letters-patent \mder the great seal of our United Kingdom aforesaid, bearing date at
\\estmiiiiter the L'd of March, iHllii, in tlio second year of our reign, we have given and granted to our trusty
and well-heloved Sir Thiiuius Ji hn Coehrane, Knii;ht, our governor and con\mander-in-chief of our island
111' Newfoundland, full power and authority to Kuuiinon and call a general assembly of the freeholders and
liouseholders within our said island -, it is therefore our pleasue, and we do hereby declare and make known
to all our loving subjects withm the same, that f4)r the purpose of the election of the members of the .said
assembly, the said island shall he divided into nine districts, to he called respectively.
The district of St. John ; do. Conception Ihiy ; do. Fogo ; do. Hotuivista; do. Trinity liny ; do. Fenyland ;
do. I'lacentia and St. Mary ; do. huriii ; do. Fortune Hay.
And it is our further will and pleasure, and we do hereby declare, that the before-mentioned district of St.
John shall consist of and include all that ))art of our said island bounded by the shore which is situate and
lying between Petty Harbour and liroad tUive.
And that the before-mentioned district of (Conception Ray shall consist of and include all that part of
our said island which, bounded in like manner, is situate and lying between Broad Cove and Hay Verd's
Ikad.
And that the before-mentioned district of Fogo shall consist of and include all that part of our said island
which, bounded in like manner, is situate and lying between Cape St. John and Fogo Island, including
that island.
And that the before-mentioned district of Honavista shall consist of and inc'ude all that part of our said
island which, bouniled in like manner, Is situate and lying between Cape Freei' and Cape Honavista.
And that the before-mentioned district of Trinity Hay shall consist of and in 'hide all that part of our
said island which, bounded in like manner, is situate and lying between Cape l'onavi»ta and Cape V'erd's
Ucnil.
,\iid that tlie before-mentioned district of Ferryland shall consist of and include all that part of our said
island which, bounded in like manner, Is situate and lying between Petty Harbour and Cape Race.
AikI that the before-inentiimed district of I'lacentia and St, Mary shall consist of and include nil that part
of our said islaiul which, bounded in like manner, is situate and lyini; between Cape Uace and llushven.
And that the before-mentioned district of Hurin shall consist of and include all that part of our said island
which, hounded in like manner, is situate and lying between Uusbven and (iarnish.
Anil that the before-nieiitioiud district of Fortune Hay shall consist of and include all that part of our
said island which, bounded in like manner, is situate anil lying between Garnish and Honne Hay.
And we do further •ugnify . nd delare our pleasure to be that the said district of St. John shall be repre-
sented in the assembly by three members.
And that the said district of Conception Hay shall be represented in the said assembly by four members.
And that each of the said districts of Fogo, of Uonavi.itH, of Trinity Hay, and of Ferryland, shall be repre-
sentiil in the said assembly by one member.
.\nil that the said district of I'lacentia and St. Mary shall be represented in the said assembly by two
mendiirs.
And that each of the districts of Biirin and Fortune Hay shall be represented in the said assembly by one
mem her
And it is our will and pleasure that the governor for the time being of our said island do appoint some fit
person to be the retiiining ollicer within each of the said districts.
.\nd we do further declare our pleasure to hi- that our said governor do issue in our name writs for the
election of the nienihers of the several districts before mentioned, which writs .shall be addressed to the se-
veral returning oHicers aforesaid, and shall by them be returned to the Colonial Secretary for the time being
of our said island
And it is our will and pleasure that every man, being of the full age of twenty-one years and ii|)wards,
and heiiig of sound iiiulerstiiiiiliiig, and being our natural hern subject, or having lu'en lawfully naturalized,
and never having been convicted in due course of law of any infamous crime, and having lor two years next
inimediately preceding the day of election occiipii -I a dwelling-house within our said island as owner or tenant
theiedf, shall be eligible to be a member oi ^'..^ „iiil house of assembly.
And it is our further will and pleasure that every man who for one year next immediotely preceding the
day 111 election hath occupied a dwelling-house within our said island as owner or tenant thereof, and who
in other respects may be eligible, according to the regulations aforesii'd, to be a member of the said bouse of
assemlily, shall be competent and entitled to vote for the election of members of the said assembly in and for
the district within which the dwelling house so occupied as aforesaid by him may be situate.
And it is our pleasure that the votes fiir the members of the said assembly shall be taken by the said se-
veral returning otlicers at such one or more place or iilaces within each of the said districts as shall for that
purpose be appointed in the Imdy ot the writ aitdressed to the returning odicer of every such district respec-
tively, and at or within such time or times as shall for the purpose be therein limited: but inasmuch a.> by
n
1.' Ml^ HI
!?'■•
09
APniNDIX III.— NORTH AMKUICA.
i
rcnunn of tlte (IKTlciilty of internal commtinic tion within our unid ifilnnd, many person* ( .t/ded to vote
mlKlit he prevented from the exercise of such heir frunchise, if in every caie it were nece^^nry to Oit'tid in
))ersoi: for that purpose, wc do therefore declare our pleasure to he, that in respect of anj liwelllriK-iiuusc
iiitiinte nt the distance of more th:;n miles from the nenrest place of election, within nny of the sniil
districts, the vote of eny householder, duly (pialified as aforesaid, may he given without his personal atteii-
diuice, by n written notice subscribed l)y such voter, in the presence of two credible witnesses, and duly at-
tested by their siKnaturea ; which notices ihall be in such form as our governor for the time being of uiir
snid islnnd shall from time to time direct.
And it is our further plensuri', that if any candidate or voter at any such election shall object to any vote
then tendcn il, it shnll be the duty of the retiirninj; iilHcer to hear such objection, and whiit may be nllcgi'il
in support of, or in answer to, the same, and to examine on onth the pnrtics by or npniiist whom such oh-
jecfion nuiy be raised, and luiy person or persons who may be ndduccd as a witness or as witnesses on either
side ; and upon such hearing, to admit or to overrule any such oliji i.tion as moy to such rtturnldg i,)tlicer ap.
jit'ar just and ri)?ht.
And we do further declare our will to he, that the persons in favour of whom the greater numiier of votes
shall be piven in any such district chnll be juiblicly dcclntcd by such returning oHice' *o be duly elected to he
the representatives thereof in the snid penerni nssembly, and shall thereupon bo returned and take their scuts
occoitlin;;iy : prosidcd always, that in cases of peculiar (!'>i.bt or dilhculty, it shall be competent for any siirh
returning officer to make a special return, setting fort the grouiuls of such doubt, upon which the said
house of assembly shnll ufterwarils decide.
And it is our will, and wo do fintlier declare, thot the assembly so to he chosen as aforesaid shall continue
oidy diirini? our pleasure, aiul that the said iissfmbly shnll not proceed to the dispatch of any business, (uiIpks
six members at the least shall be ])r(scnt at and during tlie whole of the deliberations of the said House
thereupon.
And whereas it mny be necessary, in order to the cotnplete execution of the several purpo«es aforesaid,
that further repulations slu.ultl be inade for the ciuiduet of (he snid elections, and the ritnrn of members to
serve in the said house of nssembly, wc have therefore authorized, and do hereby autbori/e, onr poveriKir
for the tin.e being of our said island, by any proclnn-ntion or |)roclaniations to be by him from time to time
issu"d in our name and on our behalf, to make such further re;;ulntions as mny be necessary lor the condiicf
of the snid elections, and for tlie return of mei.ibers to serve in the said house of assembly, and for the iliie
discharge of the duties of the said returning ollcer ; and which regulations shall he of fidl force, virtue, and
cir.'ct, until provision be otherwise made bv law, it heinsj nevertheless, our pleasure that the regulations so
lo be made as afVuvsaid be not repugnant 'o, m- iiu'onsistent with, the several |)rovisions hereinbefore enn-
tniiied, or any of them.
(iiven at our court at St. .Inmes's, on the twenty-sixth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-
two, in the third year of our reign.
Y Y.— rROVINCIAI. DUTIKS.— NEW RKUNSWICK.
On in:- fdlhinm; Artith's iinimilcil or liniu<sht into Hit' I'rorinrr, rillirr hi/ si'ti, by ivlrivd vriri'^ntinv,
or III/ /unit, from any jiiirt of tin' Itrilixh Km/iire, or from iniij h'<jiri!^n I'ort or jilnre :
For every gallon of rum, spirits, gin, Hollnnds Geneva, whisky, or cordials, iini' shillini>- und sij: pivcr.
For every gallon of molasses, oiir prnvi/. Kor every gallon of shrub, sanfri, or lime juice, uLr /ivtiir. !'ur
every ;rnll<>ii of brandy, /m" n/n/linurs. Tor every gallon of wine, viz.. : — Hock, (,'nnstiintin, Mnlmsey e To
kny, Cainpiigne, Rurgundy, lleMiiitngi', elnri , called I.alitte, I.ntone, Mnrgnux, or Ilautbrion, /«<i «//i7/i)i:M
atiit iiirn' /wnrf. For every gallon of MaiUiru, i)'irt, or sherry, tiro ^hiHiti^s ; and for all oth(r kinds of wine,
iwi' sliillitnj: mill ni.r fii'iici' per gallon. Fur every hundred vvei'.'ht ( ',' diied fruits, fin- xliillinifs. For every
jjouiul of ciitl'ie, and loaf or retiiuNi sugnr, one pfony. For every buiulred weight of brown or muscoviuld
suL'ar, on the (pinutity miiitioned in the original invi)ice, nllnwing l'.^ per centum for tare and wastage, tun
sliilliii^s iiitil sij- priiif, For every foreign horse, /in' poiinils. For every foreign ox, our /loiind. For every
foreign cow, or other iioriied cattle, thifr /loinid.s Irn sliil'lni^s. For every hundrrd weight of foreign dead
fresh meats, of all kinds, .ii.r . 'u7/ihi',v (iv:I vghl /irivi'.
And u|)ou the follow iuv manufactured articles, wiicn not iirported from the I'nited Kingdom, upon every
huiulred pounds of the rial value thereof, the rati'^ nnl duties following -that is to say :- For chairs, clocks,
clock cases, clock nu)Vviru'nts or mnehinery, watclies, and every descripti.in of bouseliold furniture, pictures,
mirniii und looking glasses, twenty fin paundii. For soap and candles, tm poiind.i. For tubucco, //'ir
poii'idn.
And for all other foreign articles, manufactured or not manu.-flctured, not hereinbef'ire nu'iitioiied or de-
scribed, wb^-n not iin|)orte<l from the Knittd Kmgdoni, upon evi'ry bundnd pounds of the real valiu' lluredf,
ti rt piiiniilK ; excepting nevertheless, li(|uors, vinegar, pitch, tar, turpentine, rosin, lumber of all destriptiutis,
Including mahogany logs or boards, grass seeds, and nil other seeds and jilants, hides, tallow, cotton, wnol,
indigo, ten, dye wood, salt, leaf toljncco, Iices wax, felt, ligniun vitae, bristles, liorsc hair, liorns, eorilii>;e,
canvas, hemp, iron, in<lia rubber, hooks, hour nnd meal of all kinds, wheat, barley, rye, oats, buckwheat, riee,
jieas, iieans, India corn, iiread, dried aiii! sal'ed uica's, ;uid mill saws.
Jlpon all articles of the maiud'acture of the I'nited Kingdom, imported into this province, whether by sea,
or inland carriage or navigation, for every hundred iioui.ds of the real value thereof, the sum of ///•') /loioiifa
tfii shili.ti^f ; except'iig, nevertheless, mineral and oflicr salt, coals, lishing nets, hooks, hues and twines,
steel ; bolt, squnre, flat, pig, and sheet iron, spikes and shi nthing nails, bolt nnd sheet copper, nnd coiiper
spikes and nails, bar and sheet lead, canvas, coal tar, oukiim, cordage, anchors, nnd all tnckle or apparel fur
^hips or vessels, steam and mill machinery of all kinds, zinc, beef, pork and bacon. Hour meal of all kinds,
mathematical instruments of all kinds, sheathing paper, iron block hushes, loaf or refined sugar, printed
hooks and mapn.
<l<
/ <•)
1
III
HI if
,
I'll
i'l
• 1.
till
i
A.
No.
1.-
Namm ot
Abie Sing
Knjah's Kl
ment.
Ditto
Unjnh Koo
Uooya.
Kimcluo i'a
l.ocknanth
pOOt, ttUlJ
Kajuh.
A six anna i
belongs ti
and Ida I
Ghassie, :
relation.
Knjah's Khii
ment.
Ooatung Raj
Chu'-ker Dec
Under
Rajah
Khass
manag
Ditto
di
Ditto
dil
Ditto
(lit
Ditto
dit
Ditto
dit
Ditto
dit
Bulbiidder I)i
Knjah's
Khas
ment
Cheyt
Chunc
pater
.
No. 2.— A
Names of Z
mindaries, and
—Zemindar N
Oorooda, 22 ;
Dcrgoo, Bamui
III I'll l"'
'.< n- II I
APPENDIX IV." ASIA.
A. No. 1.— Names of /pmimlar* und thrir Kstntcs, and of I'lTHuniiahH, iintlcr the Klinsi MnnnRpnunt of the
Itiijah of Siiii;l>hiMiin.
wicr of votes
cl«'Cti'(l to do
kc thrir siiitn
lor any Mirh
^k'h the »al(l
iball continue
mines*, niilpjs
ic said Uousi'
I'CR nfnrcsaiil,
f mcmhrrs to
our (.'(ivcriior
I time to tiiiii'
ir tiip conduct
lid fur the eliu'
cp, virtue, niid
rc(.'iilntioiis s(i
C'inhcforc con-
iiii, upon every
rhiurs, cliiclvs,
iluii', iiicturi'S
r tuliacco, Jif'
Name* of Zcmindarfi,
Nainp of
/pminilnrics and jj j. ^J
IVrf^unualiH. "a ^ '
Inhnhitant*.
Ahiu SIm); Kiijcpout. Suiiiujhur orAu-
niinilpoor.
Utah's KhaSH manage-, Gicrgo.
ment. j
Ditto ditto. jPooruiiatli.
Itfljah Koomkum SinglHundgaun.
Hooyn. I
Kinicluo I'ator lluuya. |Koriu Pcla.
Luckniuith Sing Hiij iKcra.
puot, and relation ofl
Kujuli. I
A six anna share of this|Uoomla.
hcloMgs to the Uiijiih,
and II) annas share to
Ghassie, Sing Rajali'8
rchition.
Kajali's Khass manage- Jeyutpoor.
nicnt.
1
Oostung Rajnh.
Churkcr Dec Sing.
I'nilrr Rajahs.
Kimsa nmnngement.
ditto.
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto,
ditto.
Smadlm.
Koteghur.
Kelcnowa.
JGomeria.
Gopinitthporc.
lAdjoodea.
iNutooa,
Jundha.
H\ iC'liielly Coles.
Ht .Almost cxclusiveh
I Coles.
m4 |(!rcnt majority ol
inli.ibitulits Odes
«l Some Rooyiis, hut
the luiijority Coli >■
Hi 'Mnjoritv of inhiilii-
i taiits llooyits, liiit
I amoni^st them
I soiiii' Coles.
84 X'hielly Cole inha-
bitants.
H4 j Inhabited by Coles
' eNclusivily.
lL>() With the exception;
of Seyut itself, all
the villn'.'es Hre in-
habited by Coles.
Cole inhabitants
alone.
inhabitants
('.00
Jugpiinauth.
Chuckcrdcpore.
Bulbudder Uundpal. IChorie.
Unjah's Khass manage- Gorindpoor.
ment.
Cheyt Chunder Maha-jchirreporc.
pater.
2.'>0
reputed,
!•->
12
40
12
12
12
12
CO
(10
12
fiOO
40UO
riooo
Cole
only.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Ditto ditto.
Bramins Koomist
(,"oles.
Colea generally and
a few Hooyas.
12 iColc inhabitants.
I
24 I With exception of
I a few Hooyas, Cole
inhabitants. I
"lOO
400
400
.lOO
Little or nothiig almost known of this Estate.
&i<'i
Local Situation
with reference
to rest
uf District!.
« U *J .^
*- w^ .— ^.
« 2 .£ fn
N. K IVrKun-
nah uf Sing-
lih(H)m. These .'i
|IVr;;iinnnbs ex-
|tenil in order put
jilown from W.
to !'.. aloiiK the
luortliern luce uf
itlie Sin^l>ho(m).
iKursuvit conti-
Inues the line uf
the northern face
und Doojnie of
Seriekele form
the N, K. faceuf
Sim;bliooin.
(ioomla with
Sirce Kelii Goia
Sing nnd part of
Jeviitginb, form
the Liistern face
of Singbhooin.
The two I'cr-
gunnalisl'iirmthc
.S.K.S. nnd S.W.
fiice of Sing-
bhoom.
These Talooks
with Summy.
Khan make the
Western face of
Sin^bhoum.
ThespwithAs-
'scmbereuof Kur-
'sawn, the central
,l'erguni\oh of
ISingbhoom.
No. 2. — A List of Zemindars of Autmullick.
Names of Zemindars and Mullicks, names of Zc-
mindaiies, and No. of Villages inhabited held by each.
— Zemindar Ncmdoo Roonnie and Mullick Mudoo,
Ooruoda, 22 ; Sudasoo Ghurrowtea and Mullick
Dtrgoo, Bamur, <> ; Kushnoo Derce Mullick Pindoo,
Sunjumora, 7 ; Kurrya Furdhan Mullick Suma,
Mendool, ; Ruttee Dcrcc Mullick Mudoo, Tamsabi,
f) ; babnath Ruga Mullick Gundupoor, Dola Singo,
4 ; Mukindee biswal Mullick Numloo, Rannie Band,
ri ; Ruttie Ball and Kaduisic Berwul Mullick Luchic,
Pyee and Cool, 12.
b.
ITT
'>.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
1.0
I.I
If 1^ 1^
1^ Uii 12.2
-K4 ™^
lAO
2.0
1.8
1.25 |,.4 ,,.6
^
6"
►
Hiotographic
Sdences
Corporation
33 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580
(716) 872-4503
''^V^
>*
K<^<^
100
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
H
£>:
Im
■ v
No. 3. — List of Zemindars and their Estates of the Khalsah of Sumbhulpore paying Rent to the Rannce.
roe
state
it.
.Amount of
Names of Zemindai-s.
Names of Estates.
Number of Villages
Mali^oozaice
payable
bv each to
inhabited held by each.
^-^
<g-
Rannee.
Abdoot Sing .
Bissi Kcla ....
71, Right bank of the
S. R.
A.
P.
Mahanuddie
200
5r,2
8
Trelochun Rae
Pahar Sirgerra .
f). Do. Do.
60
7f)
Hulbudder Rae .
Luckcnpore Banda, &c. .
24, Do. Do.
250
300
Loba Sing .
Kursul ....
1), Do. Do.
150
281
Mednie Berrya .
Khemmoonda
f>, Do. Do.
150
178
'2
Sree Ram
Roosra and Jchapore .
18, Do. Do.
75
Bhowany Sing .
Burpallie ....
40, Do. Do.
400
356
Remmallie Ghcnowta
Colubera ....
42, Left bank Do.
300
825
Byjinnath ditto
I-era
12, Do. Do.
100
225
Nurhurrie
Rampore ....
42, Do. Do.
150
262
8
Durravrnu Roud .
Horapara ....
3, Do. Do.
30
36
Arjoon Ghurrowtie .
Ghur Lohil Sing .
9, Do. Do.
100
112
Sconath Rae .
Rooriebugga and Buneapullie
11, Do. Do.
200
75
6
3267
10
The remaining Villages of Kalsah are under the Rannees Khass management.
No. 4.— Zemindars of Gangpoor.
Names of Zemindars.
Names
of Estates.
ofVillages
nhabited
d by each.
^5
mount of
algoozarie
bl. to Gan-
ore Rajah.
O— (U
a'""
Nurhurrie Ghurrowtea
Surnif Ghnr
Kajah Behal
16
75
.S.R.
10
A.
P.
Anjloo Gurrowtea .
SurrufGhur '
7
30
30
Mooroo Manjee . .
Hemjee . .
19
?0I)
80
Ghassie (ihunowtua
Hansghur .
12
."in
30
Ghoojarrie Manjie ,
Nija . . .
11
40
?0
Joojar Manjie . .
Siibdva . .
3
15
511
Bhugwan Manjie .
Moiiikya and
Tillea
17
150
100
■•
••
Phnn Sing Maojie .
Moliulgaon .
1
10
40
36o
—
—
The rest of the Villages are divided amongst the Rajah's
Relations, and under the Rajah's Khass management.
No. 5. — Zemindars of Korea.
Names of
Zemindars.
Rutten Sing
Goiid.
Dnrgoo Sing
Beersat
Almsah Goud
Beersah Pap
Puhlah Pap
Brittinnee Sing
Goud.
Pursaud Sing
Goud.
Lai I ah Pap
Sunkersah Raje-
poot.
Adjeet Sing De-
wau.
Moliiput Sing
Lai loo.
Rajah Ram
Names of
Zemindaries
and
Pergunnahs.
Kurgaon
Patna .
Jnggulpoor
Burbesponr
Surrowlie
Harrie Muttee
Marrour
Kuchoiir
Knllarie
Kusgaon
Addadarrie
Amra .
Buggowlie
No. of Vil-
lages held
by each.
84
53
6
6
6
6
12
11
25
23
5
8
Amount of
Malgoozaree
payable to
the Rajali.
3.R
350
162
42
42
25
25
60
25
100
100
80
25
20
1056
No. 6. — ^Thc following are the more savage Class of Koords.
Names
No. of
Authority
of
Villages in
acknowledged
Zemindaries.
in each
District.
by them.
Servie Mullick
Bunoo
40
Boad Rajahs
To the south of IJoad
Bishen Beesee
Bundhur
100
Ditto
Ditto.
Sabia Naick
Bulus Koopra .
125
Ditto
Ghassie Mullick
Dum Sing
50
Ditto
Mutttra Naick
Puttabar
12
Ditto
To the east of Boad.
Govinda Mullick and Puma Mullick
Burgoocha
25
Ditto
Madoo Kooar and Nubgan Kooar .
Armiegar
50
Ditto
Ditto.
Sulka Mullick and Pundee Kooar .
Kolabagh
15
Ditto
To the south of Boad,
Dyotee Naick
Deopie Suger .
25
Ditto
^ Formerly
pendenci
j> Patna.
Rajah C
Sicker R
Formerly a
dency of
Rajah Acht
Rajepoot,
Formerly
dencies o
bhoom,
Ammale Sii
jepoot.
Oomer Sing
Rajepoot.
This Zemind
tribute to
gee Rajah,
otherwise
pendent,
^ poor 800 !
This Zemindi
tribute to
gooja Raja
is otherwi
dependent,
poor 500 £
* Formerly
pendent of the
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA. 101
No. 7. — List of Estates and Zumeedaries under the Superintendence of the Agent of the S. W. Frontier.
«
.
OJ
o
Military 1
o i> .
^"^
Estimated
extent of
country.
3
1
Strength.
-Si
Considerable
Cliief's Names.
Names of
Chiefs*
Names of
estates
or Zu-
meedaries.
o j:
Pi
S
a,
a'
O
Hired
Soldiers.
4_)
J3
>.
'C
.2
=^I = 3
S fi
to
"O
c !
=■ a
c
'4->
S ■= B
P
a
QJ
D.
a, >
<S
'^
£ - o
3 ^
5
pa
3
3 cti
c
i
hB"
S. R.
A.
IlanceMohunCoo-
Sumbhul-
7^^7
80
50
52500 - 20
400 2000
19738
-
—
er Rajpootan.
pore.
1
Formerly depen-
Rajah Prithee
Sohupoor
452
60
40
18000 -
6
100
2500
6000
_
"
dencies of Sum-
Sing Rajpoot.
biiulpore.
Formerly depen-
Rajah Jugger
Gangpoor
248
100
36
4000 -'
-
12
55
468
v:
""
dencies of Sum-
Deo Sicker
bhulpore.
Rajpoot.
Formerly depen-
Raja Sing Rou
Saringhur
194
30
24
7000, -
-
12
1200
1312
-
"
dencies of Sum-
Sing Goud.
bliulpore.
Rajah Juder deo
Rajepoot.
Bonic
84
40
300
2000
~
^
400
37
8
Rajah Lovul deo
Bomra
400
IGO
50
5000
-
-
-
100
218
12
*"
Rajepoot.
Bishenchundee
Reracole
250
35
14
6000
-
-
2000
562
8
"■
Jye Rajepoot,
Formerly De-
not pure.
pendencies of-
Teje Kooar Dew-
Suetee
5G
25
15
1800
-
-
-
200
225
_
—
g Sumbhulpore.
anee Gouden.
c
Thakoor Ajeit
Burgur
75
24
19
2000
-
-
-
400
300
-
Ss
Sing Goud.
t^
Rajah Deovath
Ryeghur
400
60
25
1500
-
-
-
2500
160
-
""
s
Sub Goud.
S!^
Rajah Bhopaul
Patna
t
80
50
6000
-
10
-
200
562
8
—
J.
Deo Rajepoot.
si
Rajah Rutting
Kungar
t
60
40
10000
■~
12
-
300
1500
-
~
c
Sing Rajpoot,
/t: Formerly De-
^ pendencies of-
Rajah Prithie
Bholger
200
60
40
1500
-
-
200
412
8
—
Shah Goud.
(^ Patna.
Rajah Ackbee
Nowaghu/
84
120
40
3000
-
-
-
500
375
-
—
Sah Goud.
Ramdyal Barye.
Borasamber
271
40
20
3000
"
-
-
1500
150
-
—
Rajah Chunder
Boad
t
120
40
8000
_
_
1000
750
_
—
Sicker Rajepoot
Formerly a depen-
Sushunder Saw-
Antwallick
150
60
12
4000
-
-
-
1000
450
—
-
dency of Uond.
aset Rajepoot.
Rajah Achait Sing
Singbhoom
1238
64
64
-
-
-
100
-
100
-
-
Rajepoot.
Formerly depen-
Ajumber Sing Sirriekala
300
40
16
7000
-
10
-
2000
Pays
-
-
dencies of Sing-
Kooar Raje-
Tribute
bhoom.
poot.
to none
Ammale Sing Ra-
Korea
278
-
34
1256
-
_
25
400
362
—
-.
jepoot.
Oomer Sing Rajah
Surgoojah
970
140
108
11150
-
10
100
-
3000
-
-
Rajepoot.
This Zemindar pays
Ram Sing.
Jushpoor
359
70
60
6000
-
-
50
2000
—
-
—
tribute to Surgo-
gee Rajah, but is
otherwise inde-
pendent, Jush-
poor 800 Sa. Rs.
This Zemindar pays
Deerage'Sing.
Oodeypoor
131
70
46
3000
-
-
25
1000
_
_
—
tribute to Sur-
i
1
gooja Rajah, but
I
is otherwise in-
depenJent.Dade-
poor 500 Sa, Rs.
Formerly dependents of the Rojahs of Sumbhulpoor, Patna, Board, Singbhoom and Sirgoojee, now inde-
pendent of them, owing obedience only to the Hon. Company. f Number not ascertained.
sC'i
I
9>
u.
m.
ll
m
Is
102
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
No. 8. — List of the Rou<iwan Estates under the Agency, specifying the Names of their Estates and
Number of Vi!lai;es therein.
No. 11.— N
Hi
m
I
i! »■
No. of
Names of Zemindars.
Names of
Villages
What authority acknowledged by
Zemindaries.
oil each
Estate.
by them.
Kimllyan Hiiooreo .
Kodoorka
12
Soncpore Riijah.
Josagsohie Manjec .
Toork
15
This man acknowledges no superior, and pays no rent to
any one.
Not ascertained
Boorghur
7
This man obeys Rutto Mullick of Punchora, but payment
to no one.
Durtu Kooar
Mullick Puddu
18
Obeys Ruttoo Mullick's orders, but pays nothing, and
of Bidwenada,
formerly used to perform services for Sompore Riijah.
Chnttoo Derca and
Armool.
10
Obeys Rutto Mullick, but jiays to none, Armool is in the
Muinghii Miilliciv.
Boad Rnjee, but formerly obeyed the Soncpore Rajah.
Thannoo Mullick .
Chunmakoor .
8
Obeys Rutto Mullick, but pays nothing, estate in Boad
Rajec.
Ramdoo Manjee .
Surmoonda .
10
Obeys Rutto Mullick, but pays nothing, estate in Boad
Raje.
The Zemindar was long deprived of this estate by Sonc-
Ruttoo Mullick .
Punchora
:^o
pore Rajah, but it has been restored to him ; he en-
gaged to pay tribute to Sonepore Rajah, but he has a
great dread of him, indeed the fear is mutual.
Damodur Kooar .
Burrapallee .
10
Soncpoor Rajah, and under complete control.
Ahie Manjee
Kiunsurra
20
Ditto Ditto.
Doondce Manjee .
Gowka
12
Under Patna Rajah.
Seeroo Pater Manjee
Toopa
15
Ditto Ditto.
Sabboo Manjee .
Snoa
12
Ditto Ditto.
Dicksun Bhovce .
Boorka
15
Ditto Ditto.
Alum Bovee
Boorboncha .
7
Ditto Ditto.
])itto
Sudor Kallie .
2
Ditto Ditto.
Arjoon Kooar
Mohoora .
10
This is in Patna, and forms part of the appanage of Joe
graje Sing, the Rajah's brother.
Gunga Bhooee
Purdonnie
5
Ditto Ditto.
Burkrai Manjee
Kutnnga .
8
Ditto Ditto.
Bubuoo Muliick .
Oorui\)i
Under the Boad Rajah.
Gudda Mullick .
Burhyc
10
Ditto Ditto.
Oosta Mullick
Suth Mullick
10
Ditto Ditro.
Bugwan Sahoo
Burra Mullick
7
12
Diito Ditto.
No. g. — Names of Zemindars of Oodcypoor and their
Estates.
Names
Names
Number of
Amoiint
of
of
Villapes on
of
Zemindars.
Zemindaries.
eacli Estate
Inhabited.
Malgoozaric,
S.R
A.
P.
Ackber Sah .
Chal
19
VM
, .
Bhowany Sing
Kundeya .
IS
l-2()
12
Ham Sintc .
Jnmooreya .
()
I'jfi
12
iSobah Sing .
Byraghui: .
4
/■^
Govind Sing .
Snlga
4
n
..
Domnnd Race .
Pattergaun .
2
34
..
Jyamun);!!! Sing
Ginria
5
Tl
..
Dome hah .
Pnliree
7
4B
fl
Mungal Sah .
(Jotee
s
00
ChuDduu Sing
Chundahur .
U
61
••
"
No. 10.— Names of Zemindars of Jushpoor and of their
Estates.
Names
Names
No. of
Malgoozaric
of
of
Villages
payable to
Zemindars.
Zemindaries.
on each
Kajah Ram
Estate.
Sing.
S.ll.
A.
P.
Lall .8ah Manjee
Astah .
6
60
.,
KeeraSah \aiel:
Julvetteah .
18
300
..
lliilniiilnath
Doukumrah
1
150
.,
Giinjoo,
Brij Kttji Sah .
Pootingah .
14
..
Gutter Patter .
Persah
7
lUO
,.
Agen Sah
Kond Parah
9
12S
, ,
Dhurnnardem
Soondro .
4
30
Derce.
Go(idoi) Dun-
Sookerra .
4
30
,.
.,
senna.
l3echoo Sah and
Kuchea .
14
150
. ,
.,
Chunnle Sah.
licrryar Sing .
Kerudeehec .
32
300
..
,.
Annund Ram
Poiireo
Doodhya.
4
«0
..
Bode Sing Hooar
.fnmmudcekee
20
150
,.
..
Memnyar Sing
Koorya
73
450
1205
••
—
Istates and
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
103
No. 11. — Names of Zemindars, Jaghcerdars, and their Estates of Surgoojah paying Rent and subject to Rajah
Oomer Sin;?.
,ys no rent to
but payment
nothin;;, and
nporc Rajali.
nool is in tlio
cpore Rajah.
;state in 15oad
?state in Boad
state by Sonc-
3 him ; he en-
1, but he has a
itual.
•ol.
panage of Joo-
)or and of their
1
Malgoozaiic
payable to
Rajah Ram
Sing.
S.R.'l A. r.
60 .. ..
300! .. 1 ..
150 ..
lOOJ "..
:;
125| ..
..
3U ..
30 ..
••
150 ..
• •
300 .. ■•
fio .. .•
150 ..
450
■•
1205
••
Names of Zemindars and
Jagheedars.
I, all Bishcsween
the Rajali.
Bul<sh, Brother of
Number of
Estimated
Amount of
Names of
Estates.
inhabited
\rmed Forces
Malgoozaric
Villages
on each
paid by each to
held by each.
Estate.
Oomer Sing.
Rainpoor
C7
300
It is not iiuown how
much, if anything is
paid by the brother
to the Rajah.
Ram col a
hi
400
Us. sr.G
.Ifllniillie
84
400
401
I'uiiiirbaiilia
7f)
;U)0
401
Kundoo .
81
400
I'oU
f.9
.lOO
KT.'i
Pttli<a
0.3
coo
l.'iO
Kotosarree
11
100
.'>l
I.oondra .
27
200
401
Surwa, Fatta
47
300
201
panec
Chitgalla, Mun-
97
400
301
Kulpoor.
Behispoor
100
100
nut known.
Chnno, ftc.
31
140
110
Murwa .
11
:>()
160
llajikcta .
23
IJO
163
Bare Sing
Dripnath Salt, Zemindar
Runnie Kemchun Koai, Wife of Ra-
jah's Cousin.
Puddcnnath Sing, relation of Rajah
Prithee Pab Sing, Zemindar
Dewan Rugoober Sing, ditto .
Gujroop Sing, ditto
Oovindnath Sah, ditto
Ileinath Sah, Uncle of Rajah, ditto
Bowany Buksh, Brother of Rajah,
ditto.
Ram Sing, Rajah's Uncle
Balram Bartee, Zemindar
Oodenath Sing, relation of Rajah
Ogar Sing, Zemindar
[I am induced to give these details because they show the exceedingly complicated nature of the British
sway in the East.]
B. — List of Sirdars and Proprietors in the Protected
Sikh States whose Agents or Vakeels reside per-
manently at tlie Ambalch Office.
Rajah of Puteala Bhace of Rythut. Rajah of
Nabaii. Rajah of Jhund. Rajah of Meninee Murza. j
Rajah of Sirmoor. Rajah of Uuhlorc. Rajah of!
Nallae Gurh. Sirdar beer Sing of Shaliabad. Sir- j
dar Sheer Sing of Shealheh. Raees of Mulair Kotiia
Ameer AH Khan. Sirdar Ajeet Sing of Sudwah. i
Sirdar Ameer Sing Singpooreah. Soodies Kan Sing '
and Runjeet Sing. Raees of Roongpooreh Nawal |
Golam Aii Khan. Sirdar Nihal Sing of Indree. Fur-
rch Raz Khan of Mullair Rotila. Duleer Khan of
Ditto. Sadliee Dedar Sing. Sadhee Dewan Sing.
Gooroo Bishea Sing. Bahadur AH Sah 'I'uskh. Sir-
dar Goolah Sing Shaliah of Shagadpoor. Sirdar
Sohar Sing Rulsea and Chickrowlee. Sirdir Reure
Sing of Bussee. Sirdar Sahib Sing of Dunawhieh.
Sirdar Goodiah Sing Singpoorcali. Malung Kiiaii
Koielawalch. The Kotch Khanah Siiighs. Relnuut
Ali Khan of Mulair Kotiia. Sirdar Fnttidi Sing
Allowaleah. Sirdars Futteh Sing and Mit Sing of
Malode. The Sings of Dhonsee. Sirdah iVIigh Sing
ol' I'laroeah. Sadhee Ootuin Sing. Sirdar Goovidial
Sing of Rungpore. Sirdar Jemyit of Tlianesur (his
Widows.) Bhopal Sing Singpoorcah. Sirdar Meh-
taul) Sing of Sikree. Sirdar Ram Sing of Gailowlee.
Sindainee Maun Juanse of Thanesur. Xawhb Golam
Mohansun Khan of Koongporeh. Nooron Nissa of
Race Kote. Sindarnee Prunkoner (Widow of Sirdar
Punjaub Sing of Thanesur.) Mih Sing and Jait Sing
of Choornee. Meer Akber Alee Khan of Kotakee and
Mornee. Sirdar Dral Sing Singpooreah of Kindawlee.
Maeen Gunran of Mustafahat. Sirdarnee Nund Ko-
ner of Pooreah. Sirdar Bhoop Sing Rooher. Sirdar
Golaub Sing of Bursaul. Sirdar Khoshal Sing of
Bursaul. Sirdar Hummer Sing of Salpore Sirdarne
Sahib Koner of Nunsin. Sirdar I'urtab Sing of Jun-
porc. Sirdar Maun Sing of Klieira. Sirdar Futteh
Sing of Mullahir. Sirdarne I.atehniem Koner of Fe-
rozepoor. Sirdarne Ramkoner of Chiloundee. Mata
Raj Konc Sadhuni. Sirdar Dun Sing of Indree.
Sirdar Soliah Sin.; Nahemy (his Widow). Sirdarnee
Sookhur of Booreah. Sirdar Ilurnaum Singof Buheal.
Sirdar Jut Sing of Sudli (Lam Singhca). Golaub
Sing Ingdowle. Sirdar Uezicr Sing of Naglee Sir-
dar Uurdial Sing Singpooreah. Butwunt Khan of
Mulair Kotiia. llunmuit Khan of Mulair Kotiia.
Mnaii Davee Singof Ram Gurh. Sirdar Nidiab Sing
of Kurnur. Sultan Ake Khan (his Widow). Mean
Xarain Doss of Ram Gurh. Sirdars Rajah Sing
Whoop Sing atul the Sudhuran Sings. Hhaee Golaub
Sing of Arro\\lee. Sirdarnee Ruttum Knar of Bhore.
Mehtamb Sing of Laloo Kherce. Suninian Koner
Metailvallee. Sirdar .Uiggut Sing of Badhour. Sir-
dar Ram Sing of Burruss. Sirdar Futteh Sing ,of
Dhun. Puttidars of Shaliabad. Sndhee Futteh Sing.
Dya Sing Shurheidtif Tunkore. Tyz Futtey Khan of
Koutaub. Sirdars lihnop Sing and Ulbail Sing of
Bydwan. The Puttccdais of Bclosporc. Sardarnees
of Khurwan. Sirdar Nigh Sing of Kokur. Mohur
Sing Mun Sing and other Puttcedars of Boh. Nizam
Alee Kham of Khoonpoorah. Sadhee Fouzdar Sing.
Sirdar Seurin Sing of Malade. Sadhee Khan Sing.
Sirdar Khan Sing of Choonee Machlie. Maun Koar
of Budhul. Sirdars Munimur Sing and Futteh Sing
of Jug Dowlee. Sadhee Burpoor Sing. The Bur
Khan Sing. Sirdar Sooth Sing Nahung of Poork-
halee. Sirdar Oongar Sing of Seanidra. Sholam
Numble Khan of Koongpooreah. Sirdah Futteh Sing
;(
ir
ml
i'l
m
W
W:
k
104
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
of Pubbaut. Sirdar Bhood Sing of BuUoro (his wi-
dow). The Affghans of Kheserabad. Bustrah Sing
of Tuplep. Sirdar Lai Sing Suspooreah of Baonjee.
The Mahar of Kcan Sinj^s. Bhaee Mihr Sing of
Inonsch. Sirdar Nadh Sing Kahur of Poawut. Synd
Gholam Imaum of Subeh. Sirdar Tug Sing of Pie-
houra. Jewun Sing of Meloheb. Futteh Sings and
other Sings of Betch. Sultan Beebee. Sirdar Deva
Sing of Sham Gurh. Maee Dhurrna of Futteh Gurh.
Sirdar Ruttum Sing of Burree. Sobha Sing and
Soobha Sing of Dheen. Hummeer Sing Boodh Sing
and Suntec. Sirdar Runjeet Sing of Shababad. Pur-
taub Sing of Buddul. The Jamchrun Singhs. Sir-
dnrne Kurrum Koiier of Fiindwul. Sirdarne Jpcrsun
of Balehupper. The Jubbulbcam Singhs. The Akul
Gurreah Singhs. The Sadnpcndaun Singhs. Jonh
Singhs Bugwalla. The Huhutpuor Singhs. Bher
Goormookh Sing Bayree Wallah. Sirdarnee Sing ot
Nahawnee. Kugan Singh of Mahaunee. Dysoo Sliii;
of Choorealoo. Sirdar Gopaul Sing Memarnee. Sir-
dar Rahn Sing of Shahabad. Sirdar Puhar Sing of
Funeel Kote. Sirdarnee Maun Koner of Hiitteercli.
The Chandhurdeh Singhs. The Sooteera Singhs. Tlie
collected Sham Singhuali Singhs. The Gorum Ghur
Singhs. Mahee Dheurnia of Trerul. Dewun Sing of
Meanpoore. Sholam Russool Khan of Koongpooreh.
Muta Raj Koner Dewan Sing and others of Num;.
poor Makpoowal. Solum Mohuddce Khan and Solum
Koder Klian of Kotila. Futteh Sing and IJhotp Sin;,'
of Keerec.
C. — Pensions in the N. E. Provinces
Pensioner.
Pension.
Residence.
Remarks.
Maharaja Benaik Row .
£.
700000
S.
Terowah ..
The son of Amrut Rao. This pension will ccabc
with the present incumbent.
Nawul of Banda Toolpean Ali
400000
, ,
Bunda ....
Hereditary.
Rajah Jubbems Geer .
C882
12
Do.
Goorshahee.
Keslio Geer ....
Koomwur Raj Gur
Koonwur Gunja Burch .
7H21
4844
1582
6
4
2
These pensions were granted to the representa-
tives of Raja Humut Behadur Kimwur Oouii-
row Sing, and Raja Delawur Junga.
Humeeerpooree "j
Paruchuti)ooree >
792
Noneeporee J
Koonwur Juggut Geer •
7260
I'art of the pension of Koonwur Kunchem Gccr,
ChulJah of Hummut Bahadur.
Koonwur Mehaudur Geer
3 GOO
Brother of Juggut Geer.
Maaii Koonwur
240
This pensioner is the mother of Juggut Geer, and
the pension will revert to him on her demise.
Koonwur Devijur
3900
The heir of Koonwur Kumpta Geer.
Loon Koonwur
2400
Part of Kunchem Gecr's pension, widow of Ramjeer
and mother ot Mookrend Geer.
Akelah Begum
3000
This pension will, on the present holder's demise, re-
vert to Juggut Geer, concubine of Kunclium Geer.
Daiput Rao ....
1200
Performed useful service to the Agent during tiio
1
rebellion of Luchrum.
Thakoordus Deo .
COO
••
Singh of Adjeigurh.
D. — List of Allied and Protected States and Jaglieers connected with the Political Agency of the N. I",
Frontier.
c
XI
s
Chiefs of
Protected
States,
Jagehdars.
Probable
extent of
Country.
Number
of
Villages.
Supposed
Revenue.
Supposed
Population.
Amount of
Military
Force kept up,
or capable of
collecting.
Inclination
towards the
British Go-
vernment ;
hostile or
otherwise.
Amount of
Contribution
to the Govern-
ment.
1
2
Munnip.ore.
Syntch.
6200 square
miles.
3433 ditto.
400
400
Under
1.0000
rupees.
Equal to
1 lac of
rupees.
.'■.OOOO
souls.
276000
souls.
3300 regulars,
capable of
increase to
10000.
About 200
infantry.
Friendly,
ditto.
Nothing,
ditto.
No. 3. — TippERAH. — In addition to his Zemindaree, in the Plains of Comillah, paying revenue of about
l.'iO.OOO rupees fixed under the perpetual settlement, the Rajah of Tii)perah possesses an extensive but ill-
known tract of hill territory to the eastward, which may be estimated to contain GOO square miles. 'I'iie
information respecting this (juarler is, however, much too vague and uncertain to warrant any calculations
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
105
Singhs. Jooh
Singhs. Bhei'
■darnee Sing oi
e. Dysoo Siiij;
emarnee. Sir-
I'uhar Sing of
of Hutteerch.
ra Singhs. Tlu'
e Gorum Ghur
])ewun Sing of
■ Koongpooreh.
hers of Nuiid-
lian and Solum
uid Uhot j) Siui;
ision will ccaic
the representa-
Kimwur Oouii-
inga.
Kunchem Gccr,
uggut Gecr, and
^ her demise.
r.
idow of Ramjecr
Ider's demise, re-
Kunchum Gcer.
gent during the
of the N. v..
Amount of
Contribution
'to the Govern-
ment.
Nothing
ditto.
kvenue of about
(tensive but iH-
jire miles, ^"lie
Liy calcuUtions
n3 to the population; number of villages, or revenue, nrisinc; from it. From personal observation, however,
1 can state that the part of Tipperah claimed as independi nt is not all hilly, but includes many level well-
watered vallies, admirably suited for agriculture ; but which are, in general, neglected and wholly unoccupied,
owing to the unwillingness of the lowlanders to subject themselves to the rapacity and tyranny of the Rajah
and his officers ; a few spots, however, as at Anger CoUah and Killaisur, arc under cultivation, and might, if
assessed, yield a revenue to the state of about ,'),000 rupees.
No. 4. — NoRTiiKRN Caciiar. — Under this designation I include the mountainous country recently held
by Tooleram, the chieftain whom I have found it necessary to arrest with a view to bring him to trial for the
murder of two of the inhabitants of the country of Uhurumpore, now hold in attachment by a Sazawul
deputed for that purpose by Mr. Scott. This region does not appear of sufficient importance in any point
of view to merit particular notice. Its inhabitants, I understand, belong chiefly to the Cacharee and Maree
tribes, and are not more hostile than, from their relative position, it is natural to expect. Lieutenant Fisher
is now engaged in forming an arrangement with them for the future government of this country, and this
will, ere long, form the subject of a separate despatch.
Next to the states above detailed in the order of geographical progression, follows the confederation of
petty chiefs by whom the Khoseat Mountains have hitherto been held.
These are said to be 30 in number; but it is unnecessary, with reference to the immediate object of this
despatch, to enter into detail with regard to any but the following : —
u ;
1
Chiefs of
Protected
States,
Jaghurdars.
Probable
extent of
Country.
Number
of
Villages.
Supposed
Revenue.
Supposed
Population.
1
1
Amount of !
Military j
Force kept up,
or capable of i
collecting, j
Inclination
towards the
British Go-
vernment ;
hostile or
Amount of
Contribution
to the Govern-
ment,
3 1
otherwise.
Sing Munick,
Unascer-
70
Precise
Unascer-
About 3000 1
Friendly.
Nothing.
Chief of
Kyrum.
tained.
amount
unascer-
tained.
tained.
armed
followers.
6
Bur Munick,
Do.
28
Unascer-
Do.
400 or .')00
Hostile.
Do,
Chief of the
tained.
followers.
remaining
portion of
Kyum.
>j
Soba Sing,
Do.
25
Do.
Abt. 30000
2000
Friendly.
Do.
RajaofChurra
followers.
8
Kala Raja,
Do.
About 30
Do.
Unascer-
Unascer-
Dubious.
Do.
Chief of
tained.
tained.
Nuspany.
n Oomur Sing,
Do.
Unascer-
Do.
Do.
Do.
Hostile.
Do,
V
Chief of
Nusting.
tained.
. „ Oolar, Raja of
j Murriow.
Do.
25
Do.
Do.
Do.
Dubious.
Do.
. . Oinas, Raja of
1 Murram.
Do.
24
Do.
Do.
Do,
Do.
Do.
..JSinghoo Chief,
East Mau-
Unascer-
Do.
9796
2.')34
Friendly.
60 Men.
t J
Beesa Gaum.
naporee.
West Do.
North Do.
South, now
Dehing.
tained.
1 *?
Kamntee
Boundaries,
Do.
Do.
4000
1000
Do.
100 Do.
'•' Chiefs,Suddea
E. Pusbro-
Khoaljnh paye
katan, W.
Sowu Gahaya
D. Mun
RenwaGahayh
Debang,
N. Musynu
Hills, S.
Burham-
puter.
14
Moamarya
E. Choug-
Do.
16000
960CO
24000
Do.
300 Do.
Chief,Matebur
haree, W,
Bursenaputa.
Booree De-
hing, N.Lu-
tict River,
S. Booree
Dehing.
1 K ;8S
I
III!
(■ iii
106
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
c
Chiefs of Pro-
Probable
extent
o .
1 i
^i
3s,o
ion to-
British
inent,
r other-
of Con-
on to
ment.
XI
£
3
ticti'd States.
Jaghurdars.
of
Country.
11
Amount >
tar>- Fon
up or cap
collect!
Incliiiati
wards the
Govern
hostile OI
wis
Amount
tributii
Govern
Rup.
f. .1.
ir.
RnjaWhnduth
Sing Dooar
Sookce.
Desc. [.and
Peons.
Rooput,
Pootect,
7701
3i;i4'J
20
771
8000
None.
Friendly.
4428
If)
Rnjalloytiazur
Sing Doour
Uongong.
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pootect,
4l.'?7
f)6f,0
38
4,137
5000
Ditto.
Ditto.
2450
17
Raja Hullut.
Sing Dooar
Miirrapoor.
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pooteet,
H9.3
145f.
8
893
1000
Ditto.
Ditto.
5000
IS
Raja Nurjan
Sing Dooar
Chugong.
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pooteet,
\M->
24
l,f.f.2
1500
Ditto.
Ditto.
1000
19
Raja Uolarum
Sing of
Rannce.
Desc. Land
Poorahs.
Rooput,
Pootect,
lOO.OS
."Jl
5,053
5500
10
Ditto.
3480 8
20
Raja T.uniba-
dur Narain
Duish Hail-
luliah.
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pooteet,
3iu:?
I22f)y
42
3,493
3500
None.
Ditto,
1094 8
21
Raja Ramsing
Daish Myhung
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pooteet,
8S3
f.329
4
883
1000
Ditto.
Ditto.
004
22
Raja Roodali
of Daish Pau-
boorec.
Ditto.
Rooput,
Pootect,
4.'>f)
234. ■>
3
450
700
Ditto.
Ditto.
303
No. 23 — Rootan. — From Chardour, in T.owcr Assam, to the country of the Sikhem Puttee our frontier,
for an extent of about 200 miles, touches that of P.notan. Along the line a tract of the low lands, originnlly
acquired perhaps by sullcrance, has gradually become the uiKiuestioneil right of this state ; on it, indeed,
they appear to be entirely dejiendent for grain, as the population is described as being considerable, and far
beyond what they could raise food for in the narrow vallies of their own hills. This circumstance places it
in our power, in case of a rupture, to reduce Rootan to our terms by merely shutting the doors or passes
during the cold season, and preventing its suljjects from coming to the plains or receiving any supplies
therefrom. Should it prove further necessary to retain the tract of low land in o\ir own possession, the con-
sequent expense might be met by the establishment of hants or markets, on the principle of those in the
Goulparagh district, which, on the Rootan frontier, would prove a most identiful source of revenue.
Of the internal state of Rootan, little more is known now than may be gathered from Captain Turner's
Narrative of his Embassy to Thibet, in 1783. A more recent account of the country may probably liave
been given to the world by Mr. Manning, who lived for a long time at Lassa ; but this I have not the means
of ascertaining.
I hope, while in Assam, to be able to collect much more information ; but I can now add little to what is
in print.
The envoys who recently visited me at Cherra were men of low rank and little intelligence. From what
I could gather from them, it does not appear that the Chinese exercise a much greater influence than they
did in Turner's time, either over the undying superior, the Dhurram Rajah or Sania, or his mortal vassal, tiie
Deb Rajali or immediate ruler of Bootan.
The Rootcas are notoriously an unwarlike race, and, from the little which I have seen of their demeanour
towards us, I am inclined to think that they have less of the overweening arrogance of the demi-barbiirian
than might be expected from their i)olitical and moral situation. A rupture with this state will only he for-
midable as indicating that it has the countenance of another and greater power behind it.
[All the foregoing statements, and to the end of page 109, are given as I received them from the India
House, in manuscript. R. M. M.J
2450
5000
1000
3486 8
lf)94 8
604
363
ec our frontier,
lands, originally
on it, indccil,
icrabie, and far
tancc places it
doors or passes
any supplies
sion, the cnn-
f those in the
enue.
ptain Turner's
probably have
not the means
ittle to what is
From what
cnce than tliey
)rtal vassal, the
leir demeanour
[lemi-barlnuian
ill only he for-
rom the India
AI'PKNmX IV.— ASIA.
107
1
a
3
'A
Clilefs of Pro-
ttcted Slates,
Jaghtcrs.
I'robal)lc extent
of
Country.
as
CL >
3 0)
wed
T3 =
II
Amount of Mill- j
tary Force kept
up or capable of
collecting.
Inclination to-
wards the British
Government,
hostde or other-
wise.
Amount of Con-
tribution to the
Government.
'1\
Clinch lUliur
N. to S.
2000
"00,000
200000
211(10 thus com-
Ai (ieuble.
Narany
Itiijiili 1 liirien-
45 miles.
Narinc
aouls.
puted ; Chief
llupees.
dranaryan.
K. to W.
40 miles.
rupees.
Ollicers and Se-
poys, 200 ; IJur-
kundawzcs,
1000; Sheka-
rie.s, Uulwans,
and Ilarcaries,
300.
y'J,565 ill
Siecas to
06,000.
25
Hrjnce Rajali
Judronarwy.
N. to S.
30 miles,
K. to \V.
35 ndU's.
100
2,000
Narva
rupees.
10000
souls.
100
Ditto.
Notiiiiig.
26
Dobingerce
Hckal Luskur.
N. to S., say
10 miles,
K. to W.
12 or 14 miles.
25
Vn-
ascer-
tained.
5000
600
Ditto.
700 S. R.
27
Chepauk Jo-
brah Lushken.
H miles troni
N. K. to S. W..
and 10 or 12
miles from
S. K. to N. W.
10
Ditto.
2000
250
Ditto.
200 S. R.
2S
Nuzzoranah
Mehal.
30 miles from
N . to S., 1 5 or
20 K. to W.
21
Ditto.
10000
2500
Doubtful.
320 S. R.
•1\)
Jurah.
N. to S. 20 or
25 mils,
K. to \V.
40
Ditto.
4000
600
Ditto.
15 miles.
Un-
Ditto.
10000
2500
Ditto.
:iO
Damrah.
N. to S. K.
40 or 45 miles,
K. to W, about
the same.
ascer-
tained.
E.— NAMES OF THE CHIEFS IN THE TROTECTI !> SIKH STATES.
(Extract Bengal Poll. Cons. 18th Nov. 1831, . : :. of No. 36.)
UtdU'hupper, Mace Jawsan Surdarrce. lialtiji, Surdar Hunliah Sin^ Singphorcah. Beyri'e Sniil, Khoo-
sliall Sing. Bhurree, Ruttum Sing. Bhiirrcvetiiurh, Surdar Ameer Sing. Biwn<xiir, Surdar l.atl Sing Sing-
)ioorcah. lionrija, Surdaice Nund Konar, Surdar Goolal Sing, and Maig Sing. Budhuur, Surdar Khurreck
Sing, Khczan Sing, Nidham Sing, and Juggut Sing Biissrc, Surdar Dewah Sing Kuleea. Clidmradve, Maeo
Ram Koonwur Surdarnee. Chichrowh'c, Surdar Sobah Sing Kulsee. Doom, Goroo IMskecn Sing. Dheen,
Surdar Futtah Sing. Dheenaura, Surdar Sahil Sing. Lhjnl Gurh, Surdarnee Sookha. Fecruzcptinr, Surdar-
nee Suchmen Khoonwur. Fiirirtd Kote, Surdar Puhar Sing. Futtvh Ghur, Maee Dhurmoo, Grandmother
of Siiilar Maigh Sing. Goorha, Nchal Sing. Chtman-li'c, Sirdar Hhopaub Sing Singhpooriah. Gudmvlee,
Surdar Ram Sing. Hi/tihur, Fntteh Sing. Himtoor, Rajah Ram Sing, Ruhadur. Indrec, Nahal Sing, Soadh
Singh, and Jowaher Singh. Jeendh, Rajah Sunjcet Sing Ruhardure. Judutc/ee, Goolab Singh, Mohur Sing,
Mehy Sing, and Futty Sing Sham Singheet. Kcijtiihiil, Hhaee Oodah Sing Hiihardur. Kharre, Surdar Goo-
lal Singh. Ko<mjpoorali,]<l&\\a.\ Gholam Ullee Khan Hahadur, Gholam Mohyooddeen, Khan, Gholam Russood
Khan, and Nizam lllle Khan. Kutta, Nehuiig Kiian, RcKvunt Klian, Gholum Mohyooddeen Khan, and
Gliolain Qirndir Khan. Kntta MiiUiar, Newal Ameer Ulle Khan, Behmut Ullee Khan, Toorrehauz Khan,
Fcyzoolah Khan, Eeczoolah Khan, Helaub Khan, Dcebee Sooltan, Hiiminut Khan, Imam Ullee Khan. Kno-
tyi, Seynod Jatter Ullee Khan. Kliiiiudida, Surdar Dyab Sing Singhpooria. Kluirnir, Surdar Nihal Singh.
Liiodiwdi, Surdar Ujeet Sing. Ladnn, Surdar Jeel Sing. LUihoonnai^hci', Wuzzar Sing, Humer Sing, and
Sham Singhees. Mnchii'inin', Sodhoc Ootuni Singh. Miijra, Surdarnee Roojia Koour, Wife of Sabala
Singh Neluing, deceased. AMv/»/)w/(', Dewan Sing. Mnutt'e Sulian, Surdar Bhoop Sing, and Ulbecbee Sing,
liaihvans. Mudstdfidiiid, Maee Gaurau. Mit/oilli, Surdars Fetteh Sing, and Mirth Sin|j;h. Miitwih, Jewan
Siiigli. Muniu'c Miijra, Rajah Govordhun Sing Buhadur. Manotiij, Surdar Gopal Singh, Singhpooriah.
t I
' J
■■ t1
5 i V ii 'I
\i
.■
• I vi
rf'i
108
Al'PKNniX IV.— ASIA.
il
Nnhiil, Riijah Jcswimt Sing nnhndur. N'lhiin, (Hill States of Sirmorc) Rtvjnh Futtch Purkns Rajpoot.
Nniiiliinor, Makluibiil. Mafn Kajkoonim, Di-wan SitiR, Duinlar SinR, Rum SImkIi, Runjrct SiiiR, lihurpoor
Sins, Ootuii Siiif;, nnd Jfwun SitiR SoodluTs. I'litinla, Mahnraj Kurruin SiiiR, Moluindur Dulindur, and
Kooiiwur I'jci't Slug. Kiiiiijiiili, Moans, Dliae Sing, and Narajimdas. liny Kntf, Raiuc Nooroonnisse,
liaypoor, Roy Goodinl Siiii;, and Natim Sing, linimr, Surdar Hlmpr Singh. Snijiillnh, Siirdar Dciirab Singii.
Scflnrr, Sunlar Mi'faub. Snriirrah, Surdarncc Jussa Kour, Wile of Juosa Sing Hirdwan, (k'ceascd. Shiilm.
had, Surdnr Sliair Sing, Surdar Uunjcut Singii, Surdar Khan Sing, and the Widow of Khurrut Sing. Sham
fthiir, l)e\val» Singh, and Futtcli Sing. Slirhiiiliwiir, .Surdar (iolnb Singli, Shechced. Tini;(t\ii\ Surdar Dyali
Sing, Shcthecd. Thurini'siir, Surdarcer Jya Koour, nnd Chund Koour, nnd Surdar .Funitnyi'cl Sing. Timiid-
mil, Surchirnco, Karni Koour, Widow of Metaub Sing, Shulirel. TVcni, Mali Oeurmo. i'Uinn, Sudar Futtili
Sing. Vniiiultj, Uiiac tioolnb Sing, nnd Sinijtet Sing. i'll(iij;urh, Surdar Goordial Sing. Zemmpurc, Kr-
taup Sing.
V. — List of undermentioned I'rotecteil Hill States under my superintendence witii the estimated extent
of (,'ountry lielonging to each, supposed Revenue, I'opulntion, Armed l'"orce, nnd Amount of (-ontii-
bution to tlic Company's Treasury, agreeably to Mr. Secretary Swinton's Letter to the Address nt
the .i\gent Governor General at Dehly under date the liltd July, 183J.
Lands
.
Sup-
o
**
^i
oi
1
Cultivated.
a «
posed
Popu-
lation.
IB
il
2|
£ g
° i
^
o <u
NAMES.
c4
>
"3
o
a
M «« =
kal, or
irrigate(
round.
11
''"•1
11
n o
HO
«.2
t g
1
Is
&
cS ■- ^
X§
SB
a. 1-
Raj of Bashir, including Thack-
S. R.
ar wis Reniartoe
22
1.0000
10000
1,40,000
, .
Dclartoo Nowrur Doo .
. ,
, ,
, ,
150000
15000
Ditto
Deyonthut ....
11
1C)000
2S000
20,000
14000
1500
Ditto
Poondeer
.
1
lOOO; 3000
3,000
3000
400
, ,
Rain ....
^j:
C^^
1
2000
4000
2,000
2000
150
Ditto
Kortie
s. §
h
.'■)000
.'■.000
4,000
3000
100
Ditto
Goond
. 3 >»
C OS
H n
1
1000
l.'SOO
\
1,000
1000
40
Ditto
Madham
c
700
2.500
1,500
1500
500
Ditto
Theny . . .J
■♦-J
8
l.-iOO
4000
4.000
3500
150
Ditto
Joobal
18
2000
40000
20,000
15000
15000
2520
Ditto
Balsum, including Barhoolce
.5
2000! 10000
r.,000
5000
500
1800
Ditto
Koomar Sain
11
10000 2000
12,000
12000
1000
1440
Ditto
Budgie ....
10
lOooo 2r>ooo
30,000
25000
1000
1440
Ditto
Bajhal
12
10000 6000
50,000
40000
3000
3600
Ditto
Thomyar ....
2
1000
3500
3,500
2500
200
180
Ditto
Kothar ....
6
1000
500
7,000
4000
400
1080
Ditto
Muhlog ....
.3
3000
10000
10,000
13000
500
1440
Ditto
Ootruck ....
7
.5000
fiOOO
3,000
2500
100
288
Ditto
Begah
3
2000
3000
4,000
3000
200
180
Ditto
Bughat ....
4
3000
7000
5,000
COCO
400
Ditto
Munghal ....
2
300
1500
1,000
1000
50
72
Ditto
Dhonootee ....
1
200
400
400
200
20
, ,
Ditto
Dharnie ....
7
."JOO
3000
3,500
3000
100
720
Ditto
Bughat sold to Raja of Pota- 1
ila ]■
10000
15000
14,000
9000
1000
• .
Ditto
6
10000
17000
21,000
13000
1200
. .
Ditto
Reyonthut ditto ditto
9
, ,
2537
.5.449
5.535
200
549*
Hurrowhee Sewa Subathos .
3
, .
1124
13398
4,776
4-187
, ,
iioot
Kathai
.•J
, ,
4()3
1,042
1229
50
1042:
Seedock ....
1
, ,
118
.547
, ,
, ,
, ,
.. §
Simela
1
171
• •
••
227
464
450
■•
464
Ditto
Total .
2()5200
378C42
14172
3,77,625
336901
29260
37815
* Retained Territory.
•f- Resumed Territory,
§ Retained Territory.
X Chief being pensioned.
Piirkns Rnjpoot.
, SiiiR, UlKirpoor
iir Hulindiir, ami
!■ NoDroonnissc.
ir Uciirab Singh,
•ceased. Shiihd-
•(It Sing. 'Sliitm
iiir, Surdur Dyali
I'l Sing. Tooiiil.
00, Sudar Futtih
Zecampure, Per-
estimated extent
iiomit of Contri-
j tin; Address ot
o <u
ii
C C
r-O
ti s
•^ (/I
• •
Ditto
..
Ditto
• •
Ditto
..
Ditto
Ditto
,.
Ditto
,.
Ditto
2520
Ditto
1800
Ditto
1440
Ditto
1440
Ditto
:if)00
Ditto
180
Ditto
1080
Ditto
1440
Ditto
288
Ditto
180
Ditto
, ^
Ditto
72
Ditto
Ditto
720
Ditto
Ditto
,,
Ditto
549
»
IIOO
1-
1042
+
+
464
§
Ditto
57815
lensioned.
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Ci. — Protected StatcA, Jagpcrdar*, and othiri in nundlccuiul.
109
No.
States.
1
Tcury .
o
Dutteah .
:<
Jhai)si .
4
Jaloun
^
Sumpthur
f.
I'liinmh
7
Adjugurh
8
.letpoor
•J
C.'iiuknrec
10
licjnwiir .
11
I.iirclilah
12
HiirouiKla .
13
(,'iuitterpoor .
14
Ilowuner .
15
Jesso
If)
Logosi
17
Siigun .
18
Reiuit
19
Dehreo .
20
Alcpoora .
21
Gherouli
22
Nowapoun
23
Gourear
24
Khuddce .
25
Khampta
2fi
l-'orce Futtehpoor
Military Force.
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
Chirgaon
Begna .
Dhouru
Puharee
Paldeo
Nyagaon
Ferae m
Poorwa .
Bhynsote .
Mul<rce
Choobcpore
Orehft .
Diittiiili .
Jhaniti .
iSaloiin
jSiirnptiiur
PiiMimh
Nynrliair
Ijeetpoor .
C'liukiiree
llejawiir .
I.nreldnh
Puthurkuha
C'lictterpoor .
Kodoura .
Jesso
I.ogasi
Jegnee .
Reliut
Hciuee .
Mipooia .
Ghiroiiiiu
Nowngoim
Goiiiear
Kiiuddic .
Kajurleh
Foree Futtelipoor
Chirgaiin ,
lligiia
Dlioureu .
Puliaree
Paldeo
Nyagaoon
Feraom
I'oorwa
IJliyiisote .
Mukree
Chobcpoor
Total
2ir.o
8:i(i
29-2
14N0
175
fiMH
311)
ir,5
880
920
35
237
1240
127
180
29
27
15
30
85
50
U")
7r.
22
1
36
25
27
18
4
28
30
12
12
8
10
10
12918
f.lO
380
956
5 IK
72
lOCO
608
150
259
:)4i'
75
351 '
52
79;
»•!
r,
Ti
5i
28-
18
41
19
•'■>
1
14
10
6
8
1
14
15
192000
120(1110
2860(1(1
|8(I0(I(I
28000
675(10
45(100
16(100
81000
yoodo
4500
24000
IJOOOO
188(J0
24000
3500
2800
2.'00
2500
9000
5000
1800
7 .'00
2800
300
6000
3800
2800
3000
800
3500
5000
2000
1800
3000
1600
16(:0
1000000
IL'OOOOO
IJOOOOO
I5(|(I0II()
500000
800000
3(1(1000
80000
400000
400000
50000
45000
400000
100000
12000
20000
i:a)('0
LMIOOO
30000
60000
25000
1000(1
70000
1 5000
1000
50000
25000
1500
16000
800
1000
1000
5000
5000
2500
5000
5000
17."5 1378400 8381300
15
30
40
7
30
7
25
10
7
8
100(1
1000
3000
U'OOO
21)00
700
500
300
|ooo
800
150
300
1000
200
125
125
60
60
45
200
100
40
100
20
10
350
400
250
2:<0
50
100
100
30
30
15
30
3
6087 22430
Nate. — The independent chieftains of Bimdlecund have, during a long course of years, and at the periods
when the British Govern nicnt was engaged in protriicted warfare witli other status, invariahly shown their
attachment to British supremacy. During the Muhratta war of 1817-18, the protection of the numerous
passes, or Ghauts, into the province, was entrusted to them. During the Burmese war, not merely were
utfcrs to assist with their forces submitted, but the comniissaiiut department was materially aided by the
voluntary assistance received. from them. During the siege of Bliurtpore, supplies ot grain were forwarded
from the states nearest the scene of action to the army; and when the Fort of Calpce was attacked by a
rebel subject of Salown, the Sumpthur troops, at the request of this office, immediately proceeded to the
protection of Koonah, whilst the forces of Oorchah, Jhansi and Duttiah advance;!, 1 11 the agent's application,
to effect his reduction. In the fidelity of the Bondelah states, implicit confidence may be reposed ; their
attachment to British rule originates in self interest. Under no previous government did they at any time
enjoy their possessions free from ail demand, either of service or tribute. Their union for the attainment
of a common object, is a chimera. Between the Boondelahs and Mahrattahs a deeply-rooted antipathy has
long existed, and time has not diminished it ; Jhansi would fall an easy prey to Oorchah and Duttiah, and
Jaloun could not support its existence against the aggression.? of the Juggut Raj branch of the Chuttersal's
family. The several members against one of that family, hold each other in mutual distrust and aversion ;
mid as the portion of the province held by the British Government is not claimed by the Boondelahs, as it
formed the undisputed part of the ex-peshwa's posseassions, obtained by the adoption of his ancestor by
Chuttersal, they would in all probability commit an aggressive act against it, but would turn their arn\8
against each other, if any general ferment should exist in British India: for each alleges a right to sonic
poition of his neighbour's territory. [This Note was on the official document. II. M. M.]
M
Hi
I
li
iiu
H, — Account nf the dlllVrrnt Tradm rnrrltd on nf
Calcutta, riid I'^tiniato of tlio annual aiuoiint of
•ales l)y iMich In hktu nipri"*.
Ai'iiriiliiini, niinihi'r of .shufiH, iitil niiiniint nf annuiil
tniili'. — Wluili'sali' nii'ir'lmntH in sii^tar, Kniin, Kc,
2ir,, ,'i3,i)(i,(i(H) : rituilir.i of ditto, lori, I ,»',(), ooo ;
wlioli'sali' inrrclinntH and ictaiU'rs of pii'ci' «oo(Ih and
bilk, T)" I, I'J 1)11,1)00; ii'tailfrs of rice, niipir, jilan-
taiiis, ,vc., 'jM, I i,."io,oii() ; iiiito of cowrii'K, :>(;;i,
Kl.riO.OOO ; ditto of s|iici'H, copiKT, Oi'i'tli'niltH, ,Stc.,
4:}'">, 8,00,000 ; ditto of swi'itniiMits, -JDV, .■«,7:i,000 ;
ditto of Hour and hran, L".).'. 3,00,000; ditto of fruit
of dillVront kiniN, K'J, «0,000 ; ditto of pin).'i'r,
prpju'r, tiirnuTick, 1!»7, 7'"i,oiiO ; ditto ironsniiilis,
ICl, 1,10,000; ditto of I'nrtlii'n pots, lilD, l,'J(),()00 ;
ditto of hi'f'tliiiut and bi'i'tli'lcaf, IHJ, H.'i.ooo ; ditto
of spirituous litpiors, 7^, •J,(;(),000 ; ditto of toddy,
f)'.*, l.".t,000 ; ditto of tlowirs, 4.1, l.l.OOO ; ditto and
j)olisliL'rs of cocoa nut slulhi, ."i!/, L'H,i)l)0 ; ditto of
Bunnics, rope, iSic, 30, 70,oo() ; ditto of ornaments
for the arms of women, l'<\, ,'tO,000 ; ditto of shoes,
MO, 1,1^0,000; ditto of diamonds, pearls, (tc, 1-J,
1,1.1,000; ditto of almonds, raisins, &c., \i\, 1.1,000;
ditto of empty bottle,, kc, -21, l'O.OOO; ditto of
knives, toys, >Sie., Ul.l, 1,40,000; ditto of broadcloths,
44,3.1,000; ditto of doll, pease, Jtc, LM'J, 1,8,1,000;
ditto of bricks and brickdust, K'., H1,()0() ; ditto of
milk, butter, Kc, 111, Hl.Ooo ; ditto of ground rice,
7.'i, 31,(i00 ; ditto of soap and earth for bleaching, 33,
l'O.OOO; ditto of tape and cotton rojie, .1, 4,000;
ditto of beads for the neck, m, 1,000 ; ditto of char-
coal, 3H, 30,000; ditto of rose water, otto of roses,
&c., 31, :>0,0()0 ; ditto of tallow candles, V>, 12,000;
ditto of lanterns, 1.1, 1L',()0I); ditto of red lead, red
earth, &c., 2, 4,000 ; ditto of fowls, ducks, S;c., 70,
40,000 ; ditto of wax and wax candles, 7, d.O"') ;
ditto of paddy, lit, 24,000; ditto of rope, twine, ftc.,
21, y.lOO ; ditto of blankets, carpets, &c., 7, 7,000 ;
ditto of coral, beads, ftc, 30, l,riO,000 ; ditto of can-
vass, dammcr, &c., '!'), 1,81,000; ditto of tea and
ccll'ee, 4, 3,',00U ; manufacturers of silk into lace,
&c., 218, 8('i,0U0; ditto and retailers of cbunam, 48,
14,000 ; ditto and sellers of oil, 282, 2,21,000 ; ditto
of glass, 2, 2,000; wholesale dealers in chunani, 71,
3,fi0,000 ; ditto in broadcloths. Sec, 42, 4,10,000 ;
cleaners of rice from the husk, 282,3,10,000; ditto
nnd sellers of balusorc stones, 31,37,000; ditto of
cotton, 2.1, 1,3,000; cleaners of brass pots, Kc, 21,
7,000; sellers of firewood, 212, 1,12,000; ditto of
saul timbers by the jiiccc, 07, 71,000 ; ditto of tarrol
planks, 37, 11,000; ditto of gramsticks, C;), 41,000;
ditto of mats and rice, 77, 31,000; ditto of tobacco,
32G, 2,21,000; ditto and refiners of charcoal, 12,
4,000 ; ditto of bhang, 77, 31,000 ; ditto of killysols,
42, 34,000 ; ditto of cotton, fil, !)0,000 ; ditto of
cheeks for doors, 4, 2,000 ; ditto of Europe and China
articles, 14 J, 7,10,000 ; ditto and repairers of musical
instruments, 1,2,000; ditto of straw, 114, 'J1,000 ;
ditto of bamboos, 4G, 20,000 ; ditto of mats, 3(1,
22,000; carpenters, 1.10, 1,10,000; butchers, 92,
70,000; tailors, 232, 2,00,000; dyers, 8,1, 40,000;
gold and silver smiths, 233, 3,10,000 ; bird sellers,
6, 2,000; printers of chintz, 10, 11,iOO; sawyers,
10, 5,000; bakers, 47, 43,000; cooks' shops, 12,
7,000 ; sadlcrs and shoemakers, .1, 1,000 ; book-
binders, 11,6,000; shoemakers (Chinese), 22, 32,000;
basket makers, 11,1,000; seal engravers, 4, 2,000;
watch makers, 10, 1.1,000 ; coopers, 9, 13,000 ;
cheesemongers, 1, 4,000 ; booksellers, 2, 20,000 ;
repairers of shawls, nuislins, S;c., 27, 13,000 ; nnikers
of artilicial fireworks, 7, 7,000; makers and retailers
APFKNDIX IV.—ASIA.
of brnM pots, 199, 2,1,1,000; "utteri nnd retailir-i •>\
chank«, 47, IG.OOO; makers and sellers of hmikii
snakes, 30, l8,ooo ; cutlers and cleaners of sworil*,
23, 10,000; nnkers and sellers of tinsel Inee, 3,
12,000; potatoe merchants and sundry other avoea-
tiiins, with trilling omissions, estimated at 87,. 19,000.
Total number of shops, 9,900. Total amount of
annual tram, 2,01,00,000.
[This estimate was made in the year 1 800, and
tran«mitti'd by Uovernmcnt to tlieC'ourt of Directors. J
I. — Oencrnl nrcount of the htate of Calcutta in 1717.
Am the Court of Direi'ttus may probably wish to
have some general account of the state of the town of
Calcutta, the following (being extracted friim my
proposed statistical rejiorts) may be acceptable. 'lIu'
accounts of several respectable nativi's (collected liy
my assistant, Mr. niaipiiere) correspnnd in the lul-
lowing description of Calcutta, in the xiar 1717, \iz.:
1, That t)u' present town was a village appertain-
ing to the /.illah of Nu<ldee.
2. The houses were scattered about in clusters of
10 or 12 in each, und the inhabitants chicfiy bus-
bnndmen.
3. A forest existed to the southward of the
Chaundpaul Ghaut, which was afterwards reinovid
by degrees.
4, ISetween Ki<Idepoor and the forest were twii
villages, whose inhabitants were invited to settli ia
Calcutta by the ancient family of the Seals, who were
at that time merchiuits oi' great note, and very in-
strumental in bringing Calcutta into the form u'i w
town.
.1. The now fort and esplanades are the sites wlnrc
this forest and the two villages formerly stood,
C. The present old inhabitants of the town recil.
leet a creek, which ran from Chaundpaul Glinut td
Ballia Cihaut. They say that the drain before tin
government house is where it took its course; mid
there is a ditch to the south of a garden, at the liy-
takkannab, which bears evident traces of the con-
tinuation of this creek.
7. There was a small village, consisting of a few
straggling houses, surrounded by filthy puddles of
water and trees, where the elegant houses at Cliuu-
ringee now stand.
8. Calcutta may be said to have extended north-
ward as far as the Chitpore Bridge, if uncultiviiUd
ground covered with wildernesses may be said to liave
composed a part of it. There was no high road, and
it was dangerous to travel at late hours from robbers
infesting tlie paths.
In 1 742, a ditch was dug round a considerable part
of the present boundaries of Calcutta, to prevent the
incursions of the Mahrattas, the expense of whieh
was defrayed by an assessment on the inhabitants of
the towJi.
It appears by Major Ormc's History of the War in
Bengal, that at the time of the capture of Calcutta,
in niC), there were about 70 houses belonging to the
English.
\Vhat are now called the Esplanade, the site of the
New Fort, the Course and Cliowringee, were even at
that ijcriod (with all the territory more than HOI) yds.
to the eastward) a complete jungle interspersed here
and there with a few huts, and small parcels of gra-
zing and arable land.
Some tolerable idea may be formed of the state of
the town of Calcutta in the beginning of 1 "'.).'<, fioai
the two following statements : —
1. — Statement of the Number and Value of lluu-
I nnd rrfniliT'* ni
si'IUts of huiiku
niiiTs of Kwnnlt,
it tiiiM'l Init', 3,
iilry otluT iivDCu-
t.'d lit H7,r.'.),(iiiii.
rotiil uinmnit nt
! yrnr IH(I0, mil
)urt of Dircftiii-- I
nut in clusters nl'
tiiiits chiefly liiis.
[uithwHril of the
tcrwaids rcinuud
! forest wcic two
ivitfil to srttli III
lU' Sl'hIs, Wllll Wl'll>
Hdtc, mill viTv ill-
iito tlie form ut a
\ri' the sites wliere
uerly stood,
of the town ricil-
uii(l|iiuil Gliuiif f"
drain before tli>
k its course ; iinil
rardcn, ut tlie I'.y-
races of tlie euii-
msisting of a few
filthy puddles of
houses at Cliuu-
extcnded iwirtli-
tp, if imcultiviUed
liay he said to hiivc
no liigh roiiil, ami
lours from rulibcrs
, considerable )iait
Itta, to prevent the
expense of wliich
Ithe inhabitants uf
Idc, the site cf tlic
Bgee, were even at
lore than HOd yds.
1 interspersed here
111 iiarcels of gia-
U\ of the state of
lins; of I'liM, from
I
Ai'rr.NDix
tc\ Stiopii nnd Ilnhitntlonn in the Town of CHlciittn,
lii'ion^'iiiK to IlidividimN, tlu! Viiliio estimated ut
Seven Years purchase. — Hritlsh Hiilij''i'li, N'>. of hmi-
»en, l,:iilO, value, H l,7H,i,()()r<t. ; Armenians, Clii,
7.')l,i""l; I'ortunnese, iinil other Clirlntlan Inliitlii
tiiiits, li.f^.'iO, 2.'>,:<r>,l)()(lr'«. ; lliiiiliio-t, .')f°>, K'lO,
|,:.-<,:tl,000rit.; Musnulmen, 1 »,7i>i), i'('.,M7,()()iirii. t
Chinese, |(),7,0()0r». j total number, IHJM, voluo
ril|irr>i,;i, 111', ',)<;, 000.
1' -Itents per inensrm, and niiinhtT of lloiiHes nnd
other llaliilations in the'l'own of Calcutta — Mur*.
nnd above, 23 hoURCS ; 40()r». to I'lOOrs., 22 ; .'UlOri. to
.jiiOrs,, M ; 2.'")()r». to :U)Ors,, ,'>*") ; 20()rs, to 2:>0"s.,
HO; 17r)rs. to 2(Mtrs.,3'J ; l.Mlrs, to 17'trs, (•i2 ; 12.'">r».
to l.Mlrs., to ; lOOrs. to I2:>rs., 1 13 ; HOrs. to lOOrs.,
yi; (lOrs. to HOrs., IH,'. ; -»()rs. to (;(irs.,,'">()l ; 2(>rN. to
lOrs. I,fi2l ; lOra. to 2()rs., 2,737; .'irs. to lOrs,,
:i,()iiri; Huiall hriciv iiouscM, shops, nnd godowiis,
|),'J3.'> ; straw nnd mud houses, nnd huts, f>(),7N7.
Giand total. I.')i),7li0.
These statements do not include the Old and New
Forts, and many houses, Kc , the property of the
Hoiioiirabli! Company.
The value id' the houses and huts, with the ground
n|)pertaining to the same, is stated to be, 3,()2,'.(t"i,0()0rs.
Tlie value agreeable to the assess. ueiit by the t)llici'rs
of police, and corrected to the Ut. February I7yn,
IV.-ASIA
forth
for thi' piirpnsp of lovjlnn n tnx of .^ per rent, on the
CHtimnted monthly rent of nil Inhnbiti'd houses, huts,
\i'., was 2, l~'.'lo,osiiit. DiiVirenee, .'i I,3."i,'.l2ilrs.
My estiinnte, therefore, is alioiit 20 pir tent, more
than the viduafion formi'd by the ollieers of police,
nnd is, I lulieve, as eorreet as possible.
[I'lie present stntenu'iit i found in manuscript in a
book in the K. 1. House. K. M. M.J
K. — Kentlis from Choleni within the Town "''
Calcutta, from lHa2to Ih37.
Yenrs.
Hindoos.
MfthomniednnH.
Totnl.
IM32
1 t(ir>
ICN
l.'.7l
1M33
3.V17
.'i2'J
I(i7'!
iHli.l
•2<XM)
.'..^2
3 1S2
lH;t,'>
I3r)r,
2H(i
ir;j2
lM3r.
ir.ii
•J 03
2014
1H37
1370
42r,
i7'jC.
Totnl
12220
23 (".4
l4:.Hj
" Calcutta Enalhhmiin," 21 Mny Ih3H.
[.V. /<• — This, I should think, eiinniiot he said to
be extremely neeurnte, as miuiy deaths must occur uf
which there is no nconl. — R. M. M.J
L. — Villages and Houses of Lower Den^^al. (I'".xtract l^eiiRal Judicial Consultation, 10th November, ISi.*).)
Ueturns from dill'erent /illahs.
Tlmnnnlis.
1
i
ThnnnaliB.
i
i
Thannnhs.
i
i
llinnnahs.
■r.
rt
i
ra
-^
.3
^
>
s
<^
s
>
**
>
s
Miihiiipnri',
IVcisunj .
;t7:i
1 CIHIi
Ti/)/)()''//i.
llimnhly.
Town Miilna-
\al)<ll)i;uiij
;in
I.III2II
JiiKMrnalhiliK-
llnnclily
I7t
l3f)n,^
piirc
.V'.fi
2;i;i7;i
lliilivali
2:12
l;i;is;i
Kce .
37:1
I23(i!)
llunsherreea
81)
4455
KiislKM'u'niiBC .
HViti'
21)21 7
Klietlal
:iil
12110:1
KiiAlinll
:i;i2
ii;7,'i
llCMi|iii')r .
l!)l
11I!I3
Kiilini'i'jiilo
a:ll
UKllif
ItuifeifiiiiJ
r.ii
ISI.-fl
lliiiknmptati
2'"0
8C);ii
I'lUiilDvali
201)
225:i(l
l'iirtiil)i>oor
ASUI
2272K
Hatiopsuiikolo .
211S
1 111).'.!!
l'ii()l>kielii\j;ruli
612
24;i:to
niiuiieeiikliolly
■.\-2
20877
Si'i'lmnp: .
6:17:
Hii:i:lii
\|:U(lali
2(1!)
lo;i.M('
l.nkslmiinu'O
.'.il
17!>70
llcwnnK-iiniro .
200
164!»7
I'liilinntiiisAn .
;in.'.;
i;i7i(i
,l'<iiirMih . ,
4ri7
Kill:^
lteKiiiii;iiM,iu
3;,>
i;oiti
C'liiinilerkona .
2!IJ
1 6!).'9
llniiiimrali
a.i;>
111771'
lliiiliil;;.iti'licc .
6.-(i
a:iii.v.'
Knieit;iinji'
l.ls
1,VJ31
(;iiatt;i<il .
15.'i
1 1613
Mie^iidltoor .
IHl'
1 I2:lh
KiileoKiii.j
lliH
171!)!)
[lauilc.indy
7611
2.-. 1!) 1
!.le)ii\ii.(l)iHl ,
310
18777
KaiicliiinimKur
w;
1 41111 1
lllmlaliat .
2!I5
2IH61,
Venieeritoiitf
tnj.
l62.-)7
ttajholliat .
2:11)
1 S78<»
liatiM'li'eali
201
h;M)
iKaleoaelinek
3-'7
lllMDS
Sondaram .
20li
|)7UJ
Iliirrip:iiil ,
174
I10H2
Tainal
2:1
3;tj(i,i
(idnninreelia
4;l!)
lS;,r(J
l'lii;iilyali .
i.-.u
5^.1'J
,Omt:in
M\i
HO Hi
Kliejiiorcouti
Slieeliu'uiij
212
113SS
I'loirlali .
:i()i
I201-.'
'llao;,'iiau .
3')i:
1 --MlOO
(ilmiit .
25
I4III
Kotwalleu Rat.
l(aiiiKiini;o
421
1 1.1!).l
lUnjapnor .
210
I i(i,-a
NuRwan .
2!)1
1 ;i!mi
ifiinj
21
352S
Liickipoor .
10.10
aii.'.iM
lHy(ll)ntty .
230
l!lso:i
Molu'spoor
Sasreisur .
1!I5
H20
7 1" 1
Uiiniiiij
VasecrmiBiir .
IK
346i
1:1. 7h
iCDloobiirreaU .
Kutrah
248
20:1
14(i7!)
8103
IIHI7
Total
11564
I6ii284
:i-' <
I'iitn>i|i(mr
ttiuttt-rpal
•I5IJ
1H17 1
(iniiroepnorali .
Cutwnllec .
1 1 1
42(i:i
25737
350
14721
Ciitlm-k.
74 M
Total
37H7
247830
J'hoolluittiUi
2!(
l«7i
ItliiiilnieU .
870
30 »6,-.
Kadoiiryan
2(iH
!)fil2
jjeliajpnre
S70
3018(1
Totnl
752J
■J7U5'J
Jfsanrt',
RvniDiihiinilur .
X,f,
lis:fj
I'rriirkpi^re
74H
a.'i!)71
jSlnpnli
361
1732.';
Dinnmnree
4. -..I
I111171
Ciittiick
117-'
lH!i:i7
Xiiddca.
1 recrniohnneo .
151
800 1
Sililuh
.V».i
iy74;i
I'coply
.111
l!»v:t;i
Ilnr.lee
232
lini:i
Milkica
2!)()
14277
Ciiirlicetah
S()!l
2211:12
Cinpe
(ilil
2J2Bi>
Mvliorpiuir
2:17
l.Mi6()
Mulianu'dpour .
21)8
<-J7i<i
Sursa
2>2
7h6m
|T(irnn
67H
224111
OiinKliiinina
421)
li(i:i:i
jKliaKSRl .
21)11
IPiHS
Saliiatcc .
2til)
71162
[niMr>tmr]iiiro .
HOI)
2■^(i.■.(;
rcurileep .
IKi
8124
I'liiilisiUi .
311
i:i!)59
I'liliraliiMie
.M2
IHylb
Kiiinali
IS7
11130
Kill steeali .
■M\
1 1703
Total
HJUfi
:m2rii2
iAs-re><iir .
52.)
ih:.6r
llaiiskliolly
2u;
l2y;):i
I)liurmii|)oorali .
163
10020
1 rahniil Kiinka ,
373
ibon;
l)ciwlut4^iiiiijc .
227
rj7.'):i
/.emiKliilah
714
29l)!)l
Diniiifppnre.
iCcniliiilary of
Itaoi'ilali .
3II,-)
1-.'120
KaloDpole .
177
5841
Rnjnrampiior
SI4
;ini2o
Kuiika .
42.1
14341
Dmnaon .
18.';
10710
|Ki)tcciiiiiidpoor
2:1.1
10861
Cliintamiiii
liiy
iiijliii
llnstiili (Joint
KakiispooUooria
328
1,'.366
Sezially
26
10800
lU'eii,'iinj .
4-) 5
2,17:11'
Miij? Ilalasote.)
.102
13170
Siibsili
:i!)i
21:145
lalali .
Spti
228y:i
(iiintcariimpoor
614
2i!)8:t
llalasore
474 1837H
Uiis.«cerliaiit
371
lis;i-.'
Noaliad
611)
31)777
nnnsceliiueo
fi73
2227.'.
Soro Choora-
1
Sonksasm .
3211
llJIiK
LoloiK'nrh ,
3:11
\f.cm
llonnitabad
3(i2
1.VB6
ninm
6B0 2370(!
.santipoor .
124
l:.2ti;i
Cotwullee .
()4
4482
l.oll F!ii7iir
76!)
766
26l4h
2527H
Evhunlah Joint
Map.
1
Colwallec .
Bally .
!*0
6s
8!)2I-
6114
I'ntlieram .
757 3012:1
Total
5199
2:16718
riitliMPctiihli .
544
Iilil2l
itnnpoor .
2.')6| 8US2
DewiMKiinec
18H 17715
JiHiliillih .
5H9
l<ji:i7
i I'ooreo
hhVii 338()1
Govereluiiivali .
31 61 1:1 14!)
Tivhuot.
'1 liakiKirgaon .
276
2671 a
i
.Soopool
;Mooziiirorporo
655
32:122
54888
! Total
IU5U
396924
Total
434H
23743::
15114
■s'l'
■ Ij
; .,.'1
¥:
I :,'.■;
V,'* . ':
Id Value of lloii-
* Thnnnuh signiflcs station ; the division usually refers to a police district.
si
il^^ll
^''111
W
I '
112
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Villages an.i Houses of Lower Bengal — continiit'd.
i
9
O
S
1
K
i
.
ai
Tliannalis.
Tliannalis.
^
a
1/1
a
Tliannaha.
a
Tliannalis.
to
s
>
>
S
>
a
.73
>
CurnHul .
.■i(i:,
M6l6
Kisbciiguiige .
389
19878
Maiinbhdom
206
6915
Kamoo
~~67
Oliiii)
NiiKiibiisscc . .
1110
150 IK
Arrnrecah .
366
19545
soopiior
20.-. 6999
.Suiideep .
46
.'i!i2:.
Catrah
t):ii)
15723
Ilavelly (I'ur-
Katrass
84 ■ 3006
Kaftya
32
4liU
Kajccporc .
"41
17385
ni<ah]
391
27405
Tooiirioe
173
5826
rakiiauf
13
21:i3
niirbhiingnh
fii.CJ
2y62-i
Dnolargiingc .
670
26556
Nu5,'iirkccree .
71
2160
Islamabad .\ .
27
34HII
Muriilehpurc
Muliooah .
IHO
52H6|
ll|()S(i'
Ncignagiir
Diiiidkhoi.ih
539
489
23052
24189
Jaynagiiro
Toraniig .
65
11
2115
480
S.VJ
Total
1108
llOUil)
Rekah
7.^(3
2:):ir(:'
(iiiiidwiirrati
156
17853
PatciK.iu
174
5859
Huhcrah .
4-S
2197-i
Mtinnccarcc
185
886-'
I'auraii
133
5700
Si/llii't.
Laiilffiiiije .
Kbczmik'c .
DiilBiiig Siirae .
Jolah .
Buhuorali .
rill
4IIII
4()1
10647,
9750 1
32337,
!Ki8(i;
184231
Kliurbal .
213
96:.l
Total
Uitmijitrh.
Hiiriioluloi'a
Parkodl
389
6492
2412
260948
81234
lii.'ilill
Total
Snrun,
4 918
272433
Latoo
lliiit.ajccali
llUBSOdlgUUJC .
Nulieegunj
Sunkerpossah .
580
262
llt)7
2271)7
lllli.-.ll
3!)0i;(i
Chiipra
(idliliiiggungc .
278
137
22272
759.1
Cbiittro cluitty .
SluTsrliotty
206
1198
7500
41235
404
236
1 7k;4
Total
1
10211 ;i;i9J40
Kl:i!)
lirnlihmim.
Kasnuir
Pnrsaw
190
336
1 1916
13077
Auriiiitrab.ul
Niibliiiigimggiir
1208
605
45321
22317
Tan j poor .
Kajmiighur
.Voacally .
Abidabad .
Bunsikoorali
Luskerpdor
Laor & Uungung
591
445
297
243
244
622
2.17
1 IKiiil
12U(iO
91X1)
Fachtobcc .
12»
6813
Futtclipore
314
13953
Miighervnn
2l6i ^MV^
Knagann .
2(18i iH::ai!
Miisoorah .
252
10:171
Kaiia Chutta
124 409-.'
Sliahkoolipoor .
njr,: 110,-!)|
niiaklia .
201
r.'oi5
C'attwally Cliitra
75
391'.'
8 1 (iy
22m 5
!IH4()
Laiilipoor . .
Kiisbah
2SH. isysii
332 1 233 l(i
Motteliarce
Knlianpore
71)
282
879(i
1 5648
Kchack
Itkorce
318
587
II47h
U»956
KislieiMiaiiiir .
41'j! 22S3u!
Cioriiidguiijo
187
11247
Kuntergiiiige
199
6567
Total
5717
2 Hi," 11
Ufnilpoor .
21)6! 125 .'S,
Huiijprrcea
442
1528S
Puggar
3S6 I3791I
Shalianah .
371
12777
HoBgah
281
9957
llishiin Ghiir
306
11 50 J
liurdwan.
Oupurbunilha .
51N
17094
ltetlc"ah .
439
2165
Cliittcipoor
318
120H1
Molcssiir .
.'.28
219''1
KdDlsapore
786
21)823
Sahpoor
142
4920
Burdwan .
132
127(18
Niingciolca
202
9603
Sewaun
530
24990
Anuntpoor
173
5709
Anibooa
318
2;iii;ii
Soori'y
113
9J!»1
liuttcrdha .
374
15852
he»lic (iiiMge
319
1 0527
Cutwa
153
KiO.'.U
Dcoghur .
1071
3(U)l^
I'ajcporo .
505
23211
Turhussee .
320
10560
Mungulcote
180
liss:i
Kburoon .
94
7056
Doroiilse .
370
18837
CJorlia
220
7260
Siileemabad
326
2U|iJI
Nulliuttce .
182
85951
Maujce
135
9294
Moliarazgiinge .
1175
41883
(Jangoorca
328
2151(1
Piilsah
Duongoiig ,
Kir.
1S7
11004
8652
Ilondlioo .
Uiirwa
427
216
19317
7215
Amoosgaon
Raina
204
247
2(1.^0.'.
172.1(1
Total
61 18
292815
Jhcoko Chatty .
573
20679
Pooteenali
205
15711
Total
5287
253113
Rungpure.
Hurkagurh
482
16440
Muntissur
261
I7S17
Hogdwar .
356
I18fi5
Oody Gunge
275
9192
Poobthul .
273
I7MD
rittmi.
Fonrunbaree
138
10149
Sniidag
l6o
569;
Ualkislieu .
141
l:itii)-2
Bankipoor .
259
10251
Fiigecrguniic .
11
9530
Kudurma .
81
2790
Indaa
434
2.">li:)(i
SooltaiisnDJ
AliiniKiinj
11
2
363
66
Heiiakoorce
I'atgong .
13
24
5763
7776
Total
12721
450597
Total
3202
237.116
Futtooali .
ISl
9510
Shadoollaporc .
310
19239
Sliccrpoor .
»■
4731;
Chilinarce
70
698 1
Suburbs of Cal-
Shilhnbad.
B>>(;iimgiiii.io .
4
3(i()l
i't'crgiingu
425
I69I4
cuttii.
Belountee
Uramrown
Gkwaree .
Kurrunjee .
Burrown .
.Saliseram .
IclonUioo .
.Sariiija
Sinout
Ramgurh .
Mohuueeah
Arrah
Total
195
451
12(l(il)
2(i;i'J,i
Ulioiilpoor .
2 6<)li!
Uiirabarce .
5«9
21573
Ctiitpoor .
14
5265
MalHiilamte
i\ UK)
Uariicc
53
13536
MaiiicktuUah
51
11487
Sodikiitra .
2 3():i|
Riir.gpoor .
152
60 18
Tazi'i'rant
291
21234
419 1/-'-'..
468' lli'ii'J
Mcboiulctcnnje .
6| 849
Ueenilah .
-6
12516
Nahazarce
231
181;69
Mogiilpoorah .
hariikpoor
l! 150
9 lUfii
Uliaup
KoouigunKC
586
69
37K63
8766
.Sulkcfali
123
15417
4/..
3(i5
17H
n.io
lii'iCu
Colonel Giinj .
2 1831
Bliowany gunge
266
9714
Total
710
72072
Pecibulioree
12
630 1
Uiirwaiince
215
"79(51
2191 mti
oof)' l/l'ir.ri
Bikrum
361
14085
MiiUuiig .
243
11676
City of Calcutta
53000
265000
Noubutpoor
185
6690
Hoda .
Wiilluepoor
435
280
27999
12231
Chinsiirah
Foreign : —
3996
IS679
ahJJ
435
403
I6l!|l(l
•J".J;[
Total
1098
SU41
Total
■
Chandernagore
Serampore
8484
2975
44538
11445
4231
268O7O
4l8.'i
isi7"o
lihuimtlpiirc.
Kotwallee .
167
10650
Jungle Mf hilts.
24 Vergininahs,
Moorshedabad.
Lokinanpoor
255
18018
Oookra
177
10317
Anrecadiih
111
7302
Pirjalapoor
391
14490
Mainpaliarce
108
6921
Puttoigliottah .
144
7324
Htiihurparah .
nil
87011
Cbiiiuluiipoora
7
231
Chooloolea
126
6913
litagatchee
356
14088
lUiurtpoor
203
I.VIlS
FDodkerpiior
43
153(1
Oondah
537
19791
(iovindpoor
203
7818
.Milinghce .
(11
.'.!i;i;
Sbunkerpoor
372
14514
Uisscnpoor '
335
19950
Ilisheiipoor
373
13713
(iuwas
2111
Kin;.)
Fnrakabad .
(i3
2664
Sona Mookee .
199
11607
Haiikccpoor
503
18471
Sootee
10;
(1471
Kuiniirgiiii]
S4
3135
Sitlah
341
1 14139
Kanuiugur
388
I624.S
Burrovah .
104
H28!)
Poynteo
18
6861
Cbatoa
327
< 11141
Kudnmgatclice
651
24174
Ooulutabad
21;i
ICIUI
Liikurriwance
: 874
29076
Koypoor .
4,', 4
15567
Nyliuttee .
158
9785
Mirzapoor .
H)()
ll:lli.i
Joypoor
1 807
29739
Uancoorali
100
4365
Uarraekpoor
4
999
.Sliuuisheerguiige
170
i:i44!i
Kalkapoor .
Rajniuhal .
! 117
I 86
4212
8163
Biirrabhuum
Pactiete
312
1315
10764
,15095
Bhadwrecath .
Kulleengunj
8:t
111)
luiii
51Jl
Total
2891
II9919
RuttunjuDg
, 413
16269
Bygunkodiir
61
2547
Gockurn .
132
951)4
Dangmoondcc ,
87
3573
• CUittiignni;.
Chyndangah
67
301)6
Total
3667
159558
Modkundpoor .
8
264
Zorawarjiiiig .
138
5523
Ranee Talaub
185
m
Klslah
17
912
Buttearee .
35
8622
Khumrah .
122
(1331
Purmeak.
Amynagore
200
6717
Hazarce Haut .
10
11907
DewaiiBurae
131
7s;«
ncemiali .
289
17868
Jhceldah .
134
4539
I'hutuekcharce .
105
12735
Muwadah .
21)
i6;4
Phunulah .
32(
22617
Simlapaiil .
105
3165
Rodjan
123
19.'i8l
Goviiidpoor
1114
i254d
Miitteenrce
257
16()B0
Noagurh .
JOl
3333
Piiteia
258' 27417
tiurhunipuor
1 12
6.111
Babadoorguiijti
3!mI 17131
J ay poor
64
2529
Satkunca .
192 2099;
—
KuUiagunge
V84
20376
1
Jliurcea
226
816;/
Chuokerca .
32
7524
i
Total
1 2342
i
1.M53J
11U8 UDUlU
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Villngos and Houses of Lower Bengal — continiieil.
113
TliaiinaliB.
E
3
S
a
Tlmnnahs.
i
3
Tliannalis.
i
i
3
Tliannalis.
i
■f>
«
O
^
3
7X
c
>
X
1
.**
X
>
X
>
X
Hfiisliiim:
1 nni'kri'Kungf.
ntirdt Jt'liitjiot't'
NHttiiro
•'■/T
ii.'ifi!):!
Uari'ckiira
■MS:
i.vVd
Mndargiinj
843 28:i,i;)|
IIa|i'i'guni,-o
:i4i
KWtr?
Cliowtraon
S!);i
484(1,'-.
Kniacolly .
w /
.1!).1H
■ l'"iittc'lipoiir
(isj '21144,
MaiiickgniiKi; .
i().i
!»li7.1
lluKP'rali •
i);)2
4ar),-.',
Illokyimgiir
i:i!i
8(|t)l
.sliciTixior .
.i;.-. 2i78:i.
j.sibcliiir
2!)(i
l.18;il
SliiTi'ponr .
2Hr.
•jaK,v
H lu'i'iuU'ca
.1(1
8(ilil
I'akdoltfca .
Si.ii :i;i!M7
! I'alina
1<)7
1200(1
Ndkiolah .
2ia
IfilKI-
Kiilsa'((illee
4,1
run
Ilajcppoor .
,18'2 at:!!'.'
I'lirri'i'dpoor
OH
48S7
R.iyt,-mi|;e .
4.11
4:i!lll
jl'iigiali
,"ti
;M(ii
Xiist'erabacI
;i;i;i iii.i;i;i
i.Iuflerpiinjfc
211
!)i;i.i
Iliirriaiil .
Shiiziidpnor
Miittonrali .
540
4.'.1
1h:i
■IK)!).-.
.i;iliyi
I8K2'.'
illiiapaiil
1 ViiKiirccah
iKntohiioah
HI
LIS
i:i4
laiii.i
1 ]t)^'\
lliirineu
IKi
42H():
llntka
.Mitscoodpoor
Viiwauligiingc .
:)0(i
42(1
22.1
12(172
1-117
y2:u
4ti,-.li
Total
790 1
2i)(l!).ll
Ki'vtiioparah
IHIi
•ijlHO-J
(laiirinnddea
ISO
14(18.-,
Honsnali
177
7;iii
Pnhiiiili
saip
();jii(ii
(|L'iidt'oi;iiiigo .
5;i8
•ii44r
ni/iiir.
llailgiitolii<e
83
27HtJ
lli'lmiiri'oiih
Danlooah .
Miz/.airiiiiffu
Kotwali'cparah
11,114
Duroaporc .
Ilaiir .
174
1(147!)
1.12(11
:n):i
.Kiiior
•i:(>
•2(iH
Total
2:i4:i
I17t)7.1
(ioclasiirry
IHti
aoi;,-.
llooreehaut
\i\
4(l|»2
Kilsali
812
:t:i87()i
Cliapyo
1!).1
•.j;i);i(i
.Iahaii;il)ail
824
:i(il8(i
/>((('(•«.
Riihiinpour
i!»;
I >t)W
Total
•2434
i:(7:i2H
Sliaikpiioriili
(ii:i
21147
.IcsBore
2112
8102
Tiiiiiinip
ayn
aai),-/-
Kiii)lHs;>:miKC .
:t:i7
1.1114
.Viiraiio'^nngo .
401
17:1-22
iMaiiiKlnh .
4fi;i
•.'4;.io
Mjimvnsing.
Arwul
■27,1
in47!l|
Ttv.gaiig .
I8:i
(i,107
|)o()l)iilhiitty
57«
aiH'ii
(ihosgong
,198
•J0(3(i
Diuvootliiagiir .
:i.i;
i(>7i!»!
MiiHutgnnge
2.1,1
I0872
AdiimdiifKco
.1.1.1
•JI()»^
Vitti-rkoiia
!)."■«
:i'Jl!)p
iieliar
(il.l
:i 1.111!)
Kajaliairy .
3,1,1
1.17,111
lUiDiiaii) gunge
;tiM
4K171
Nikli'o
!W!)
!;(i;)8l
Vawaliadah .|
l()8:i
:i!l<)l8
Salagiuh .
:il!i
1(1407
Scniju'unj .
,18.1
'.'OH ,111
Oya . . .
<).i 1
40 UU
.Siiliiiin
.T12
I2:i!)0
Total
ui;o
Hi;4:ii
Modoopoor
(isu
2;t;!)(i
Total
0:1 1 2
likaallah .
422
1 4(i2.-(
1
Total
2,1(iil
102477
A'«/^.— t'Vom tho forog'iins official return
till' Lower I'roviiici's of Hcngal tluro are
by ealnilatiii^ .Ac' iiiinatcs to cvi-ry lion
a)iproxiiuatiun to correctnctis of the pop
I I 1 roiai 2.1(111 102477
turns, dated Calcutta 1824 fthe Intent at th" India House', it will lie seen that in
e 1,17,;W4 villau-cs, an, I 7,4l7,i;.-i:l houso. Tlio poinil.itinn census has been fotnicil
use (a fair average in India), wliich gives :17, -238, 21)3 inoullis. Tl,i.,i U the nearest
lulatioii of a vast section of the empire.
M. — Abstract Statement of the Population in the Southern Maliratta Country.
Inhabitants.
.a
.•a
Male,
I'\'nialo.
STATION.S.
^
. 1 s
s
.
a
(U
B
6<l
d
H 2
'2223
Tiled
Thatc
Total
of
Hnns
a
Xi
l:)3
d
7407
i.
1
5
s
Boys
and
Girls.
Diirwar
4086
141 27H2
3148
4111(1
11513
73-20
2743
111272: 13(12(1
(i730
Mi'M-iioolla
7128
lliOI
308 3'2!)l
i)lO"
181
10334
(i(i:ui
lli3iMl
1'I2.V2
4(i34
14S^(i 2(lli(i(i
l(i()70
lUllagcrre
473:1
2133
1(12 3870
5i:i()
112
7(i2:i
4llli
120:10
7I!I3
3123
10(i2li: 131 H
7341
I'lirMitrcrra
5,12(1
4()3:l
ti3, 877
36!)3
I8li
8:170
4120
1240O
8347
3:121
1 Kids
"1717
7441
\nwlKo<ind
botio
7042
, . 1 203
8U7
212
12211
(i!l!lil
l!)2:il
120112
4!)-2()
1782H
23143
ll!)lti
Ik'iiainee . .
llhU4
11:102
.. 1 121(1
12318
170
I87.IM
10212
'S> ISO
180304
7333
2(i(l37
;17242
1 7703
lliigiilcatta
11707
10201
l!'71
122:12
80
177111
!)(iI4
27373
17440
7-2!l:t
217:1:1
33201
1()!)07
Ilnongooiid
6IO8
(iOK)
3l(i
(i:i(i2
HKi
nil 14
5i:i8
13-282
!l(i31
3(i!)l
l:i:i42
10703
8820
I'Ricliapoor
10128
1:11:1
2435 (i4l()
10214
101
i(ii:i:^
101.12
•20270
nil 14
(i7(i(i
22880
;I2'232
KiSOH
lliiniinnll
8108
77h5
V 5!)3
8370
20(1
i:i:i(i:i
(i022
20283
1:11 18
3310
1 <288
•211311
120(12
liankapoor
SOU
3227
300 212:1
(123(1
,11
!)i:i7
57 18
1 IS.13
(1221
4I11O
1:1:100
1 8:138
0887
lliiuiigal
.10.14
87
603 j 588(1
017«
33
8330
n:i22
i:i872
83! 18
:i(il2
12120
17(138
8034
Andoor , .'
:1840
801
220 317H
4280
1:1
,108.1
:i(i!)l
il(i7(i
3800
2717
8317
1171-3
(il4l
Niir Hoabley . .!
75(13
295U
0431 3144
7<):tO
37ti
1220:1
;oi7
10220
1-2382
4.830
172:12
24385
UHrt?
Haimibidnorr , .1
6417
;i703
(i; 2()3«
5713
38
8223
3187
13(12
8022
:i(i30
11(172
lfi247
8837
(iuluiU
54();i
4487
271 I '29')
,1804
80
810-1
33:10
l:i(>tl|
81 87
:i730
Il!l4(i
l(i202
0-208
Kcidr
5:143
540
334 4fi84
55(17
12
82(io
4!)73
13244
7t)!)ii
:i4ii2
1IIMI2
13030
8377
kangenella . .'
flOlifi
I2:l08'2
1S7(MI
2302
51 '27'28
5172
108
7()32
505(1
I10!2S
12702
:100483
3(i02l
7.1 "0
188701
34(il
10070
I51(il
83 1 1
i
,-3570
304li I8073
1-2(1301
•234:)
21(i
101)333
78842
111747
2(i73l3
:138I3
;i;0(i3(i
1(128:1
188070
Hi')Kpoor . .1
13384
2!I01
1(1:173
2:1 187
13734
2l(l!l(i
24 1 8 1
Lullapoor . .1
007
23li7ll
,1!)(i2
(iO
3S1I
()Sil3
08 13
•J(i220
107
(i3:i
12yii7
;i;i(i84
HO(i:i
217.1;
20000
37--2I
l:iJ07
37003
330(i
11I303
2(i801
1:131)0
Total .j
l<J34(i
(iO
11)31:1
3:i:uii
7.ill87
;no80
Total 01 the above 'i ci>I ,
148752
;2yi() ,
(ill 13
34880
1338 II
3002
22(1130
1318(11
138:101
223704
03183
:i20S8o
43:1143
2-27030
I 1
I
^ II
S'.
Estimated nnmber of I'lndarie.s in the Uooab, accordin ; to their uwii account, Ilniiscs HiHi ; l'opiil:ilion, 3, 000.
114
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
N. — Surat Population.
Denomination.
Iiihtiliilitntu of thf Citi/ and
Sii/iiirhs nf Siiriit.
nra1i.Tiin»
hiiiinians
Other clixsses of Hindoos ..
Moosnlmans, all classes
Parsees
Native Portuguese
Armenians
Jews
3701
•20211!)
VlVJiJ
37;ifi
4(1
41;
2;i
Total . .
Ihindlrr, /fn.
Hindoos, compreliending all
casts ,,
Miiosulmans ..
Parsees
Total . .
Chowarrfi, cnnlnining 67
Vitliif^es, viz.
Hindoos
Aloosulmans . .
Parsees
Total . .
Cheeklee, "2 Villages,
Hindoos
Moosulmuns
Parsees
Total . .
Inhabitants nf Biilsnr, can-
tainiiig one Qiisba 51 Vil-
la/fi's, viz.
Hindoos
Mnosulmans
Parsees
'2600
1400
130
Total . .
InhnHtants ofBlinotsur, rnn-
tiiining 11 Village.s, viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans
Parsees
Total . .
Inhabitants of Bnoharee, con-
taining 12 Villages, viz.
Hindoos ..
Parsees
Total . .
4130
3069
304
117
3490
8274
787
5(i
911:
8149
253
683
9085
1108
1
1055
19
3593
76jr,
21122
r2H35
4187
25
71
20
o
1014
2fi37
7665
3(i0()
1447
9
14
11
494H1 16457
2500
1300
125
3925
3023
310
118
3451
8307
809
57
612
410
31
1053
l.'.,'i9
199
e
1819
6042
517
37
917a fiiiUtJ
8204
2911
711
.'.553
152
55 1
9205 ()256
1151
6
1158
777 9085
16;,7 19517
4730 53816
2559 31183
11 37 I 10507
•1| 78
19; 153
I3I 67
10896 124406
625 6337
318 3428
30 316
973 10081
1237 8888
125 938
360
64
1426
5184
456
1
3657
3434
55
316
382r,
4fi6|
174
P83 491
10
1074: 993; 493
415
I
416
431
2
433
10186
27807
2569
167
30543
25360
7501
226!
28371
3140
3
22
3165
2960
33
2993
Denomination.
s {
St/1
Inhabitants nf liardnlee, containing
12 Villages, viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans
Parsees
Total
Inhabitants nf Kiitargam, Phonh
para, and Koombhufujar Villages,
viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans
Parsees
708
119
13
Total
Inhabitants nf Pnrchol, containing
36 Villages, viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans
Parsees
Total
Inhabitants nf Parnera, containing
23 Villages, vis.
Hindoos 12458
840
1901
82
4
1987
5987
245
67
6299
Moosulmans .
Parsees . .
Total
Inhabitants nf Snnpa, containing
48 Villages, viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans.
Parsees
Total
Inhabitants of Surbhan, containing
33 Villages, viz.
Hindoos
Moosulmans
Paisees
Total ,
Inhabitants of Walorc, containing
62 Villages, viz.
Hindoos ..
Moosulmans
Parsees
Total ,
2515
690
131
17
838
1913
67
2
351
64
8
423
808
24
1
2012 833
6130
269
61
6460
2521
45
12
2578
3872 3810
I79i 179
24 7
4075
2646
3996
2660
3142
142
32
272
52
3
327
516
22
I
539
1540
97
15
2021
3ti5
41
2428
5168
ig;
8
5371
16799
753
175
3316, l652i 17727
1547 1314
24 20
8| 5{
1579il339
7840
136
35
8011
2151 1407 11210
96t 74 528
2 ll 34
2249 1482
1660
l57j 154; 107
65I 68 39
11802
2868
2882 I8O6
1125! SO9I
82, 500
11 183
1218i 8774
3654 3493 1754 1231 10132
130, 148, 88 1 73 m
21' 9' 8J 4 42
3805 3650 1850,1308 10613
I I I I
Nnte. — ^The foregoing retnrn is signed " Jnhn Rnmer, Magistrate ;" I give it, as I do several others of population in this
Appendix, for the purpose of stimulating further inquiries into the important subject of the population of British India.
I am aware of the diflicultics in the way of obtaining correct censuses, owing to the Jealousy of the natives ; but tljis
difficulty may be got over by prudence and kindness. We possess no correct census of any District in Brifisli India
except those given in this volume, and several of these are not to be relied on. 1 am strongly of opinion tliat in many
parts there is a decreasing population ; and that although several districts iu Bengal are densely peopled, the greater pait
of our territory is but thinly inhabited. K. M. M.
c
s i
(A
■a
» aa
O
H
flqo
351 2-2
2021
1»1
64 52
366
17
8 3
II
838
1913
67
2
423 327
808
24
2012 833
•6130
269
61
16460
516
22
1
2428
\9i
8
8391 5371
3142 1540 I6r99
97 7S3
15 1;5
142
32
3316 1652 17/27
2521 1547 1314 7840
45 24 20 136
12 8| 5] 33
2578 1579 1339 80'1
3810
179
7
2151 1407 11240
96; 74 528
^1
II
39962249 1482 11802
2660 I66O 1125 8O9I
I54I 107 82, 500
68 39 11
12882 I8O6 1218
183
6774
,3493 1754!l23ri0I32
439
42
148, 88 73
9| 8| 4
, 3650' 1850:1308
10613
I I
I of popnlntinn in this
lion of British India.
Ihe natives; buttliis
Itiict in Britisli India
Ipinion tliat in many
lied, the greater pait
S
a
'.?
'u
3
CO
■o
5
£
CD
C
W
c
■3
c
a
c
n
o
Ih
o
^ — S
Si
u
o
u
CI
a
I
6
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
t -. CO f
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to
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1- X t
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to -t .0.
lo -r 1^
ci to CO
1^
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CI
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c: X eo ci to 1'. .■'. I-. 1'
c^cot citoeotTfo
oootooeo -Hto
t — — CO eo -•
•S.HSB3 .loqio
CO T —
Tf OC "M CO
01 01 c< <o
X
I^
CO
T X to
UO to -H
— — 1
c. -<
to
CO
X
CI cv C-. »r to X X •>* CO
T to X CI X « t.o
X l^ — t^ TJ. X CI
•saouoj
lit-- 1
X
X
1.0
C. — X
X CI
to eo CI
to
X
l~ M 1^ — ?0 CI -4
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•SIHIOISUOJI
to
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t C7» -t to — 1 IfS
CI CI —
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151 185
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Gentlemen and Idlers
Traders & Merchants
Artizans
Agriculturists
Day Labourers and
Beggars .
73
a
u
£ (« c/i
"(5
1
Bullocks .
He Buffaloes
She ditto .
Sheep
Goats
Horses
Mares
Tattoos .
o
o
o
to"
X
o
si
<u
XI
o
o
o
o
o
3
o
x>
at
a
a
o
O
C<
115
'A
o
W
w
o
c
bO
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11
m
i
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p:-^:i
'M
m
I: ':I)H
wl
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1
n
.'! 1
ll<"> APPI'.N'OIX IV.— ASIA.
r. — riMisiis of the Popiilntion of the Ziijn Soiifliorn Koncan, tnkon in 1M20; distinKuishinithe males and U--
nuilc's of oiicli ("nstc, and m-pmafinj; those of oarli sex nliove from those beneath twelve years of age, exhi-
l)itin(; alio the number of houses In the occupanev of eaeh caste. (Given to shew the variety of castes in
India. K. M. M.)
Trade or Business.
Mnlcs.
Females.
o
.
1_ w
Caste.
Under
Above 1
!
Under Above
5 «
c o
12 yrs.
12 yrs.
Total.
12 yrs.
12 yrs.
Total.
c 5 (T
^^r
of age
of age.
i
of age.
of age.
Brahmins
(ireat variety of occu-
pations
11301
22122
33483
5957
22730
28087
62170
10587
Purhhoe
Cultivators of their own
property on accounts
7:Wi
1.348
20S4
312
1514
1820
3910
043
Maiirattalis .
Mii^itly I'ultivutors and
sohliers
.'jl'."7(>
77300 129270
31340
87734
119080
248350
53107
Moosulmans .
Of all trades
s:^xi
12191
20.'-.44
5289
13075
181! 04
38908
7404
Souar
Goldsmiths
l'J37
3279
r.2io
1010
3577
4593
9809
1822
Kasaur
Cop])er- smiths .
(•.27
1019
1646
295
1070
1365
3011
040
Waney .
Traders of shopkeepers
3231
.10-.2
8280
1057
6051
7308
15594
31 72
■J.
Tailors
328
.•■.14
842
176
567
743
1585
374
.leesunr
Sadlers
28
4.-.
73
12
43
55
128
2,i
lUiorood
Basketmakors
1(10
2.-,0
410
102
279
381
791
18.^
Salleo
Weavers .
302
4. '■),'•.
757
120
490
622
1379
297
Kostee
Ditto
22C.
304
.-■.30
448
361
809
1339
2I).">
Sootar
Carjienters
1302
181l>
3114
727
1880
2613
5727
io:!f,
IVeieet
Washentien
(•.12
lOf,,',
1077
317
1142
1459
3130
07 a
Dhimpur
Cattle-keepers .
4;V.I
,'.73
10.')2
231
582
813
1845
420
?<ahavee
Barbers
'.(80
lf.71
2051
518
1728
2240
4897
978
'IVllee .Malnattahs .
Oil-makers
1489
2242
3731
875
2399
3274
7005
1272
Tellec Musulmaui\ .
Hitto
131
197
328
83
209
292
620
9C.
IMioee
PalaiKpiin-bearers
.'•.10
(•.94
1204
380
769
1077
2281
50f.
Combar
Tile-ninkers and potters
l2;);t
1890
3189
65
2145
2760
5949
i2;io
Mumai
Baiicle retaili'rs
I'.i
2r.
44
11
24
35
79
17
Coonbeo
Husbandmen
I) 7 (•.3
14273
24030
0494
1 6682
23176
47212
98.11
^lalnattah poorow .
Priests
.Mo
7 02
1272
333
874
1207
2479
5,'fS
I,iiit;ay et gorow
Ditto
372
720
1098
238
841
1079
2177
4J5
Soowlee
Cow-keeper
2(i20
3,^i09
0129
1450
4070
5520
11055
2,")89
liiiandaree
Drawers of toddy and
distillers
(•,7-11
12100
18841
3970
13021
10991
35833
0800
Ghundidlee .
Mendicants
,')2
74
126
27
80
107
233
01
MalKe
Gardeners
2C
6.i
91
30
09
99
190
;f9
.Imijjum
Priests
r.7i'
824
1403
294
859
1153
2556
596
llulvaeo
Confectioners
1
1
1
1
2
1
Cliambhar
Shoemakers
ir.7c.
2113
3789
1054
2377
,343 1
7220
1409
Maiiar
1 Degraded caste
lis:).--!
146 1. ■>
25970
6936
10996
23932
49902
10.^).30
VVotaree
Copper casters
<(
12
21
9
9
18
39
7
Surra\liurree
Spirit sellers
lO."-.
122
227
63
139
202
429
90
Scnoy
Most employed as ac-
countants
371
761
1132
210
757
967
2099
3'..L>
Jawul Brahmin
Various calling (only
residing in Scvern-
droog Colooka)
23,^
370
605
117
370
487
1092
1S9
llhiikoorapce
Cutters of black stone
8
14
22
11
13
24
46
10
Takoens
i Beggars
12
12
24
8
12
20
44
11
Heldaur
Heavers of black stone
2
3
."i
1
3
4
9
3
niunpur Cootcy
Fishermen
293
.'i44
837
255
544
799
1630
303
Cooley
Ditto
1214
1702
2970
981
1861
2802
5778
1310
Seekeiiihur .
Steel polishers
4
4
8
3
10
13
21
6
Kurgreo Jogee
Beggars using mnsical
instruments
2
1
3
1
1
4
1
Gouroodee
Jugglers
fi
10
16
6
14
20
30
8
Koomtee
Foreign beggars
1
I
2
1 1
1
3
I
Vecdur
Heavers of black stone
fi
4
10
3
1 8
11
21
1
L\'igay et Vaney
Shopkeepers
r.3
118
181
29
i 122
151
332
^7
Kajnree Kamisar
Bangle sellers
6
2
8
1
6
7
15
.^
Paiituruut
Heavers of black stone
28
40
74
16
1 -12
58
132
."?
Moosulmnn Golam
Male Slaves
31
63
94
6
1 27
33
127
U'
Mahratta Ciolam
Ditto
1484
2092
1
3376
922
i 2447
3369
i
6945
ICtl'
he males and fr-
rs of ape, cxlii-
iety of castes in
rand total ot.
Males and
Females.
Number of
Houses.
O
62170
10587
3910
) 2483r)r)
I 38908
i 9809
il 3011
ir).''>94
l.-iSS
128
791
1379
1339
5727
313ri
184r)
4897
7005
620
2281
5949
79
47212
2479
2177
11(;55
(■.43
531(;7
7404
18'J2
040
3172
374
2,')
IS.")
2!17
2()5
10:!f.
r.7o
420
P7S
1272
9C.
r>of.
i2;ui
17
98:m
53-i
4-1 .i
2589
35833
233 i
190
255(i|
2;
7220
49902
39;
429:
fiSfiO
(•>1
Hit
5y(>
1
140tf
lOfi.^O
7
W
2099 3W
14-
)9l
)2
!0
1092'
4f.;
44
9
1C.3('.|
57781
21:
I
4i
3("ii
31
21;
332
15,
132
127
()945
IS'.I
II
3
303
1310
6
1
8
39
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Census of the Population of the /ilia Sniitlicrn Koncan (continttPiiJ.
117
Males.
Females.
3 ,/i
3 11 E
.S§
Caste.
Trade or Business.
Under
.\bove
Under
.\bove
2 "?
^5
12 yrs.
12 yrs.;
Total '
12 yrs
12 yrs.
Total.
/C--,
of age.
of age.!
of age.
of age.
■■J *
o
Mnhrnttn Butkre .
Female slaves .
951
786
1737
976
3571 i
4.547
62>i4
1575
Mtisu'maii ditto
Ditto .
31
10
41
40
143 1
183
221
33
Daldce Moosulmnn
Fishermen
432
626
10.')8
286
r,M 1
95 4
2012
283
Khiwvwcp .
Ditto .
405
60^<
1013
43U
692 1
1131
2144
475
Miots^audny .
Salt makers
1047
1731
2778
605
1897
2502
5280
964
Kiiiitkuree CInwilay
Hardly civilized
fi8
104
172
63
111
174
346
79
I.awar .
Iron-smiths
74
118
192
45
127
172
364
64
Goozcr
Sliopkecpcrs from Gu-
ezerat
234
1026
1280
174
477
651
1931
506
Riirowday
Beggars .
98
201
299
68
208
276
575
178
Rawool
Ditto .
5
8
13
8
7
15
28
5
Maharin Buttick .
Slaves females of Mahar
caste
-
-
-
-
2
2
2
1
IMinviidd .
Iron makers .
91
166
25!)
71
171
242
499
115
(Iluulsce l?heikarce
Beggars .
20
12
32
12
38
50
82
30
IMiukeerajce .
Ditto .
2
2
4
1
1
5
2
Tambutt .
Copper smiths .
124
199
323
55
219
271
597
111
IMiawak Gooroou .
Priests .
374
561
935
233
637
,s('.0
1795
301
llowray Gossavee
Beggars .
f.8
118
186
42
119
161
347
93
Sirngur .
Hemp preparers .
CI
87
148
41
72
113
261
60
Bhootay
Beggars and attendants
on pagodas .
21
35
56
6
39
45
101
23
Rajpoot .
Various calling
3
17
20
1
G
7
27
6
Christian Portuguese
All trades, but mostly
red stone-heavers .
205
346
55 1
172
307
479
1030
205
Jogee .
Beggars
114
201
315
79
192
271
586
37
Goozooratte Brahmin
.As other Brahmins .
3
21
24
3
5
8
32
14
Waghay .
Beggars
3
1
4
1
1
2
6
7
Ilcuzday
F.unuchs .
5
12
o
10
12
24
7
Kusheenee
Dancing Girls
-
1
2
3
3
2
Kutulkootia .
Furriers .
-
1
I
1
1
2
1
Khantuk .
Goat butchers
5
13
18
9
14
23
41
9
Goundy
Masons .
-
4
4
1
1
I
5
3
Augree
Cultivators, and salt
man\ifacturers, &.c.
1218
1881
3099
682
2079
2761
5860
1415
Purdazsce
Foreigners .
7
38
45
3
31
35
80
30
Aiitaur
Performers
3
7
10
1
6
7
17
4
Khurkhundy
Butchers
5
5
10
1
6
7
17
4
Paiitanay Puibhoo
Clerks
19
36
55
7
35
42
97
34
Bhoonsaree
'Grinders
32
55
87
38
65
103
190
39
Duiwaysec .
|Beggars Moosulman
3
4
7
-
6
6
13
5
Kullvantnee
'Attendants on dancing
girls
31
44
75
34
121
155
230
42
Vehaloo
iMusicians
3
4
7
1
3
4
11
3
Hhaut
Poets and beggars
17
22
39
8
26
34
73
18
Pluiotangur Bhoojary
Grain dealers
8
17
25
3
8
11
36
12
Maiinj .
Often thieves and hun-
ters
56
.'S
114
17
62
79
193
59
Bhangsallay
Shopkeepers
16
34
50
12
29
41
91
20
Khutry
Silk manufacturers .
19
46
1 65
12
52
64
129
32
Sftlvee
Petters
9
17
26
4
21
25
51
6
Punchaul
Goldsmiths
4
15
19
10
14
24
43
10
Wadvul .
Gardeners
174
250
i 424
9!^
333
431
■ 855
216
G isavee
Beggars .
174
1 305
479
125
323
448
■ 927
331
Khakoor .
Inhabitants of the jungle
251
282
333
217
277
494
1027
196
Gabel .
Fishermen .
1080
1814
1 2894
775
1922
2697
5691
1058
Bhowney .
Attendants on courte-
1
zans
171
224
395
160
! 440
600
995
204
Buennay Koodaldavy
Brahmins (as they al
1
1
i
ledge)
17
43
60
15
i 35
50
' 110
16
Vir Rauunany
Beggars .
12
25
37
7
30
37
74
21
Scedec
Servants (mostly)
6
6
12
4
I 12
16
28
1
7
I
.1: .? .k
,: 1
m
1
■':(
m
'i"':'i
IpI
,'
»
118
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Census of the Population of the Zilla Southern Koncan (continued).
1
Males
Females. |"S ep
■a .s
fe s
1
1
o '" e
S 2
Caste.
Trade or Business. Under
Above
Under
Above
*> 08 a,
E o
3 3
112 yrs
.!l2 yrs
. Total.
12 yrs
12 yrs
. Total.
f 1
'/^•^
1 of age
. of age
of age
of age
'
d s
Gullack . . Illlcgitimatc attendant;
of Brahmins .
3
IS
16
-
13
13
29
11
Hcthurry .
Labourers
11
1 31
42
11
18
29
71
23
KauUun
Distillers of spirits .
139
2-12
381
i CO
30C
360
741
iHH
Kattarry .
Tanners
2
, H
13
' 6
9
15
28
H
Marwaddy .
Shopkeepers
4
9C
100
3
2
5
105
38
Vanjary .
Bullock drivers and
owners
3
9
12
1
9
10
22
6
Pelly Sorail . . Jews, who are oil ma-
kers
133
211
344
61
238
299
643
147
French
Settlers of French ex-
tract! on, shopkeepers.
&c. .
3
11
14
10
4
14
28
!)
Causar Bungdywably Bangle makers .
39
84
123
31
104
135
258
52
Dakotay . . Beggars
6
9
151
6
15
21
36
8
Bhurady . . |Ditto
3
3|
1
1
4
1
Kunojvy . . |Hindostannee
2
4
6
2
6
8
14
4
Vajeintry , . {Musicians
20
26
46
13
22
35
81
17
Soukolly . . [Labourers . .
60
81
141
37
93
130
271
64
Jair . . . Various callings
-
3
3i
-
3
3
6
2
Surojoy Takoor . Beggars
22
5(1
72!
8
54
62
134
35
Kogey . . Various callings
14
22
36i
10
17
27
63
20
Mooday . . Eunuchs
2
5
71
3
4
7
14
5
Fungur Mussulman Coral makers ,
4
5
9
4
7
11
20
9
Hallalcore Bhangay Sweepers, &c.
5
5
1
5
6
12
H
Fulsay . . Physicians
20
18
33
1
22
23
61
13
Parsee . . . j Various traders
;j
11
14
10
4
14
28
I
Dhoravjal . . Leather sellers and
makers
1
4
5
1
3
4
9
I
Bhattay . . i
shopkeepers
]
-
12
12
12
12
24
11
31933:
J02258 ;
3341911'
1
^9784
226882
1
^06*666
640857
1314:28
Note. — An abstract of Mr. Felly's (the collector) Report for 1820 gives the following details relative to
the S. Concan : Houses — of Hindoos, 123,309 ; Mussulmans, 7,963 ; Portuguese, 205 ; Jews, 147 ; total,
131,624. Population — Hindoos, 597,150; Mussulmans, 42,034; Portuguese, 1,030; Jews, 643; total,
640,857 ; of males, 334,191 ; females, 306,666. The total number of animals of the cow kind, 392,143 ; of
bullocks employed in agriculture, 120,089; ditto, otherwise, 97,961. Total ploughs, 58,535. The yearly
expenses of the whole population is, rupees, 13,012,570. The Government assessment, rupees, l,591,yl'--
The males are to the females as 20 to 18.3. The inhabitants to the houses as 4 J to 1 ; and supposing the
Zillah to extend from the Ahta river to the Portuguese Possessions at Karree, is 7,000 square miles, the
number of mouths to the square mile will be 9H — R- M. M.
Q. — Census of Population, &c of Pahlunpore District and Dependencies, for 1836.
(Extract Bombay Political Cons., 6th July 1836.— No. 2,867.)
Adults.
Children.
Total
Population.*
■3
C/J
(0
1
Districts.
_a5
a
o
ii 1
1 1
en
s
City of Pahlunpore
Dhandar Purgunnah
Deesa . . . . .
Dhunnegra . . . .
Talooks of Danteewara, Panthawara, &c.
4106
20242
4911
1718
2467
4682
19609
4477
1680
2480
3284
17243
4333
1823
2315
2468
11442
3197
1105
1502
14720
68.536
16918
6326
8764
1
184
73
36
41
3715
15223
3809
1447
2085
450
544
133
92
82
Total of Population, &c.
33444
32928
28998
19894
115264
335
26279
1301
The above only comprises the permanent residents ; induding temporary sojourners and strangers, the
(M
o «
•a -
i? in oJ
01
o *! e
e
5
■2Sf^
3
m2
^ -g
>?,
o
O ">
29
11
71
23
741
Iks
28
H
105
38
643
147
28
9
258
52
36
8
4
1
14
4
81
17
271
64
6
2
134
35
63
20
14
5
20
9
12
H
61
13
28
1
9
24
1
11
640857
1314;i8
ctails re
lativc to
;ws, 147
; total.
m, 643
; total.
id, 392,
143 ; of
!5. Th
e yearly
)ees, 1,.
J91,94:^
I suppo
sing the
[uarc m
lies, the
3
C
Hon
3715
450
15223
544
3809
133
1447
92
2085
82
2G279
1301
1
. strai
igers, the
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
119
population probably amounts to more than 15,500. The apparent disparity between male and female chil-
dren, is probably to be accounted for by the early marriages of the latter, which causes many to be included
in the lists of adults,
(signed) Charles Prescott, Poll. Supt. Pahlunpore.
R.— Abotract of Population, Ac. &c. In t
he Deccan,
1
O
1
Number of Houses.
Inhabitants,
Stations.
■a
H
i
i
a
B
•m
«
Male,
Female.
Total of each.
a
5?
(n
d
8
V)
S
■0
3
i2
Pooniih*
Atimedniiggurt
Kaiiilclsh
Dliarwart
63398
90217
103374
149152
16608
46254
53442
92916
14190
8821
9207
6015
29341
26243
3450(1
54880
60139
81318
97209
151611
1 1 58
2248
1146
3002
86188
132010
138295
220)39
61448
87362
8540H
131805
96637
135020
137920
223704
37.>3 I
54326
56308
95185
182825
2670;tfi
176I6I
45214;.
101982
111088
141815
i27050
1)12535
J55855
284807
408721
417978
681193
Total
Sattarah
406141
153978
209220
33424
38233
41849
14502
61182
393277
136453
7554
2411
582938
234912
309083 595281
1590941245517
24344
96761
117816:
48042!
1795700
730284
Cattle
Stations.
Bullocks.
Cows.
Male
Buffaloes.
Female
Buffaloes.
Sheep.
Goats.
i
Horses,
Mares,
1
1
i
•3
3
i
1
Poonah»
Ahmednuggurt
Kandeish .
Sbarwart
149901
212008
180557
670032
110088
198420
228733
238919
10834
17023
11451
31084
35225
46797
62197
119057
30242
114899
60392
1 10036
13101
26185
83533
61112
4.34
637
318
533
1477
181)3
802
766
Total
Sattarah
810101
298983
776190
259821
70392
40971
263576
102051
315569
223747
183931
45847
1922
1068
4909
3022
* Exclusive of the city of Poonah, and alienated villages.
t Exclusive of all foreign territory and the late cessions from the Nizam, and also of wandering tribes.
t Exclusive of the principal Jageers, and of the late cessions from the Nizstm.
S. — In the Returns from which the foregoing is taken, I find the following detail of Broach Zillah.
Houses.
Men.
Women.
Boys.
Girls.
Total.
Remarks,
Hindoos
Moossulmans
Parsees
Christians
5337
2557
547
26
7198
3127
692
36
7495
3481
820
22
2982
1535
346
18
1808
1290
205
4
19483
9433
2063
80
These statements will,
it is to be hoped,
stimulate further en-
quiry.
Total
8467
110.53
11818
4881
3307
31059
T. — List of the several Governors of Bombay, from 1665 to 1835.
Sir George Oxendcn, 1665 ; Gerald Augier, 1667 ; Thomas Rolt, 1667 ; Sir John Child, Bart, 1680 ; John
Vaux, 1690; Barth Harris, 1690; Anncsley, 1692; Sir John Gayner, 1693; Sir Nicholas Waite,
1702; Sir H. Oxenden, Bart, 1707 ; William Aisalbie, 1709 ; Charles Boone, 17.34 ; William Phipps, 1734
Robert Cowan, 1734; John Home, 1734; Stephen Law, 1739; William Wake, 1742; John Geekie, 1742
Richard Bourchier, 1750; Charles Crommellia, 1760; Thomas Hodges, 1767; William Hornby, 1771
Rawson Hart Boddam, 1784 ; Andrew Ramsay, 1788 ; Sir W. Medows, K. B, 1789 ; Sir Robert Abercrom-
bie, K. B. 1790 ; George Dick, 1794 ; John Griffiths, 1795 ; Jonathan Duncan, 1795 ; George Brown, 1811 ;
Sir Evan Nepean, Bart. 1812 ; The Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone, 1819 ; Sir John Malcolm, K. C. B. 1827;
SirT. S, Beckwith, K. C, B. 1830; John Romer, 1831 ; Earl of Clare, 1831 ; Sir Robert Grant, 1835.
■fi
PI
188
1^0
.".PPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
it '
iJlil
U. — Expenses of the Ea«t India
EXPENSES.
IHOA
18U6
18»7
1808
I809
1810
1811
1812
1813
' 1814
*:
4i
it
.*■
£
its
Ji
le
JH
4i
Bnllrtlnif
1171H
IS 139
2()^:»i7
13927
14565
11062
669
24H1
(91
200
RcpairH nnd altorntiona , . ' . ,
654
216
1193
245
532
2448
13U6
1484
950
4019
Taxes BiHl Parooliinl llatcH, Tithes, «ic. .
7*
39U
377
883
319
720
512
623
776
593
EHtabllKtiment: Salaries of I'rofessors, and Wages
ol »iervuiits
Bfl7
S62Q
8035
8270
9596
0516
9636
9356
8770
868A
Pensions
,,
, ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
90
Table and Housekeeping Expcoses
1001
1467
4644
451)0
4672
5119
5075
5048
4997
495H
Rents and LeascH
375
25U
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
125
Furniture and Utensils
3652
mi
735
726
6.17
189fl
312
293
209
3H3
Coals and Candles
75
303
HI6
733
1294
1302
1388
1380
1219
1492
Mathematical and Phllosopiiiral Instruments,
Books, Stationery, and Prize Medals
204
773
1383
959
1121
1184
828
1118
1478
675
Incioeutal
m
179
106
58
120
31
98
72
43
150
RECEIPTS.
18389
'25346
384 11
30644
33110
33534
20167
22110
19387
21373
Half-yearly Payments from the Students
1155
4200
7507
8243
9450
8505
8820
7822
7823
9817
Ditto Subscriptions to the Library and Philoso-
phical Apparatus, fee
, ,
, ,
131
304
441
. ,
806
325
1167
1730
Rents and Kale of Produce
, ,
122
129
84
12ii
6s
115
233
142
Sale of Kurolture and Fixtures at Hertford Castle
486
200
185
••
* *
■•
••
US
40
1641
4400
7945
8676
9975
8627
9691
8263
9338
11730
Net Expenditure . . je
16747
JO946
30465
2ia67
23134
24906
10475
13847
10048
9612
Number of Individuals who have received Instruc-
tion at the Establishment at Halleybury in each
Year .
11
40
72
79
90
81
84
73
73
94
Memo. The above Account comprises the Charge Incurred at Hertford Castle during the period the College was held
there, i)revion8ly to the completion of the Building at Halleybury.
1815
- ..
*■
479
2026
1
722
07 IS
8
393
5307
4
250
787
1517 1|
653
1
356
22211
19.
8 190
7(
1958
12
144
90
10203
11918
02
78
in
1!' il n
X. — Expenses of the East India
EXPENSES.
Purchase of Addlscnmbe Place
Building and Alterations
Repairs to Building
Furniture and L'tensils
Establishment: Salaries of Masters, Wages of Servants
Clothing, Military Stores, and Aci-outrements, and Repairs to ditto .
Mathematical Instruments, dc. Books and Stationary ....
Taxes and Parochial Rates
Payments to the Head Master, at fixed Rates, for the Board, Educa-
ti(in, &c. of the Cadets, previously to the adoption of the sysleirtof
remunerating him by a fixed Salary
Rent of two Meadows
Table and Housekeeping Expenses
Medical Attendance, Allowauce for Pocket Money to Cadets, Washing,
Mending, Sic
Expenses of Cadets on the Trigonometrical Survey and learning the
Arts of Sapping and Mining
Pensions
Rewards to Cadets
Incidental
1808
1809
1810 1811
1812
1813
1814
"m
111
2U9
17I8
212
3
15*67
334
141
4988
297
£
17251
7558
43
1771
1117
993
5835
1168
880
59
1406
797
425
37
5122
709
256
"13
"9
78
2660
1088
577
101
2785
1695
837
925
'50
149
2740
788
370
166
1994
646
528
'40
212
3929
1818
459
277
2591
711
736
'69
RECEIFfS.
From Cadets for Board, Clothing, &c
Rent contributed by the Head Master
Rent of Cottage
2316
1650
7330
1991
200
35786
2925
400
9727
2241
400
10810
2400
200
7424
2793
10807
3223
1650
2194
3325
2641
2600
2793
3223
Net Expenditure . . . jt'
Number of Individuals who have received Instruction at the Establish-
ment at Addiscombo in each Year
666
55
5135
67
32460
74
7OS6
65
8209
71
4631
68 !
1
7584
56
Memo. An alteration having occurred in the year 1813-14 In the date of closing the Official Books, tlie Statement
under that Year comprises only a period of 10 Months.
Xnte. In order to make room for these Tables It has been necessary to omit the Shillings and Pence.
1815
£
IH8
2u6
4112
1134
2711
189
2662
716
1783
'fo
11328
2670
2430
-_■:_
2b 7ft
2J30
—
8438
9592
54
62
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
121
the East Indin
I
1813
1814
—
Ji
^
I
toi
200
t
QSO
40114
J
77fl
593
6
8770
8fiH5
911
8
4907
49IH
250
12:1
3
*il)9
aH3
ItilU
1492
8
1478
67:.
•i
43
110
19387
21373
2
7823
9817
S
IIB7
1730
A
233
142
115
40
53
93:18
11730
17
10048
0()42
73
73
1 91
College was held
)f the East India
2
1813
1814
st!
±
9
, ,
'8
149
212
io
2740
3929
8
788
1818
7
370
4.'.9
1
166
277
1994
646
S28
'40
7424
2591
711
736
'69
IO807
2793 3223
2793
4631
32:!3
7584
96
U, Uie Statement
|e.
Company's College at Uayleybury.
I8IS
I81A
I8I7
1818
I8IU
1820
1821
1822
1823
1821
1825
1826
1827
1828
IH.M)
1830
Total.
.*■
479
202(i
722
255
1813
S93
77
1404
557
19«9
503
101
2433
616
81
2533
518
1369
443
1449
416
3158
3173
613
6h5
2973
461
19a
1352
385
3388
383
Jt'
4269
411
4806
377
2874
416
536
4(!8
96351)
51545
I319I
B7ifl
393
5307
2A0
787
1517
8915
175
4524
250
211
1299
9287
275
385fi
250
263
1280
8510
(5A5
4039
250
353
14(J8
8583
745
5 194
1450
338
153(5
8644
7(i2
6324
332
1553
8290
1002
4r)58
122
294
1433
8218
780
•3527
122
497
1295
8201
1254
49(i8
122
3S«
1368
83fi5
782
4829
14(i
529
1536
8378
IH32
5217
138
533
1447
8603
8()6
5159
138
882
1485
8*fi8,
I3'J8
5301
121
6 18
1171
8596
1425
5357
56
490
1353
8513
1425
58110
36
31)1)
1496
8480
1515
4945
36
217
1357
215839
15318
119590
5992
17010
3290;
B53
35fi
1160
145
(585
214
559
127
637
121
1824
134
1684
387
3224
252
1399
2(i0
1184
259
2783
274
996
3og
1091
240
595
206
t5476
241
879
200
34556
4660
22211
19374
18152
18444
21758
21709
19687
19783
24937
21755
22534
22213
23353
23265
26()7s
18(537
60O972
8 190
7665
6405
6930
8977
9135
8295
787*
9082
9450
97(i5
9292
8505
9870
9502
7215
209527
1958
144
1233
197
1458
138
1014
1206
48
1349
43
1478
43
••
1573
38
1 405
314
1388
96
1822
99
2218
98
••
1798
100
1317
47
2208
58
I9K6
51
30295
2683
1026
10293
9095
7999
8(l!ll
10232
10527
9816
9427
10801
10935
11 OS?
11609
10103
112(54
11770
9285
243532
II9I8
10278
I0I53
1U3S3
11526
11181
9870
10356
14135
10820
108 17
10li03
12919
12001
14908
9352
78
73
Cl
66
86
87
7fl
78
87
90
9-'
86
82
91
91
73
363139
• rlie Clinr
prchciuls the
in the period
Colli'BO Coiin
t Includiiii.
BC for the Table, &c.
Expenditure of 11 m
i of passinsj the Disl
ell haviii(!: occurred
■• various Oriental W
in the
onths
ursem
n thut
urks pt
year 1822-23, coin- lluildinK ....
only, an alteration
-•nt Accounts of the Total Expense, exclusive of Building .
year.
I'chased, amounting to 4,500^
96359
267O8O
Military College at Addiscombe.
1815
1816
1817
1818
I819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
£
1827
1828
1829
1830
Total.
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
£
..
,.
, ,
. ,
17251
188
5600
61)23
2919
1
8208
5240
24l)(l
1480
11874
7529
3206
1823
6
6
65618
206
179
139
20
91
673
25
697
26
8!(S
587
1743
824
833
248
60 8
8346
. ,
1415
755
61MI
332
1003
1122
580
2(i4
219
196
05 79
4112
4016
3994
37115
3988
4431
5233
4844
5708
7111
()5i)6
7919
8(i50
9123 1 8978
9253
111807
1134
1222
1613
2453
2613
2540
1742
881
2102
1951
911
3190
1353
3259 ! 1021
3I()3
37541
2-11
434
592
679
710
1033
989
1024
1151
881
1260
1516
1175
I696 1147
1004
18753
189
261
282
260
268
159
250
249
277
188
291
220
305
311 1 402
208
360
"92
861
20450
300
2662
2849
2667
3805
4029
4498
3280
3588
3416
3654
4256
4!li)l
5034
3468 4335
4223
60483
716
731
694
860
1108
1229
945
1109
1058
1065
1314
1570
1680
1293
1346
1417
22731
1783
2220
1226
903
820
820
1137
776
1528
1987
1904
3613
5226
3862
3582
3265
37136
••
••
246
133
133
78
371
488
438
377
333
50
333
350
333
500
408
700
611
500
4784
1600
i)5
106
128
85
73
148
69
135
230
229
215
311
482
339
314
335
3526
11328
12022
17185
18931
16762
15615
23667
19792
I9O89
20159
3060(1
34711
29401
27389
22424
24427
427774
2870
2430
2363
4394
3700
4863
4373
4442
4435
5997
6298
7885
6775
5
6130 7846
"e "7
8341
"10
100379
1200
29
2s7n
2130
2363
4394
3700
4863
4373
4442
4435
5997
fl.'98
78H5
67 81
6136 ' 7854
8351
101609
B158
9592
14822
14537
13061
10751
19294
15350
14053
14161
24362
20826
22619
21252
14570
16075
326165
54
62
57
83
101
113
97
111
91
100
lOi)
142
131
120
127
136
Bnr
chase
. .lil 7,251 4
Total Expcns
Bull
e, excli
ding and Altc
isivc of Buildi
ations
ng, &e.
. ^t)5,6l8 4
82869
243296
Pedi
St
ct Trig
ULted
onome
therein
trlcal Survey
md Sapping and Mir
ing, a
limited Numl
er only nf th
i Cadets being in-
£
37136
Tota
1 Expe
tiditure
upon
the Ord
inary
Bdueat
onof C
Cadets
.
,
206159
1 1',
i^>A
^•f
;* .'iTsf
i.-a
123
Y, — Ilnfru of IVnxionx pnvn))lo to iMiropt-nn OtViciTs
mid Soliliiro and thtir Wiiluwx, fruiii Lord ('livi>'8
Kmiil.
APrFNOIX IV.— ASIA.
ANOt.n INDIAN ARMY.
A A.— Rtttcii of Furlough l'«y in IH13 and 183J.
Rank.
CoIoiu'Ih ....
I.it'ut.-l'old. niid Mi'inliiTs of
MiMlical Hoiirds .
Mnjorn, Senior Clinplnin!), niul
Sii|U'rinl('nilinf; Surm'ons
Ciiptninit and Surgeons
l.ii'uts. and Assist. Surgeons
Knsigns ....
Condiii'tors of Stores
Serjeants of .\rtillery .
nittu ditto liavini; lost a limb
Privates of Artillery
Ditto ditto liavini; lost a linil)
Non-eon>. Ollieersund Privates'!
of Infantry ... J
1 •_' f.
10
7 ('•
,^
•2 (■)
2
2
'.»
4^
41 C
<»
IS «
*
ai "'
o
"* a
■o
>, ii
^^
:;:
a
o
*•*
.r.
il.
C.
:<
1
1
I
■ih
;»
'H
iii 4
'/.. — The follawinj; Seale of Pensions for Non-eonunis-
tiioneil OtVicers and Private Soldiers was established
by the Comt's Kesohition of the llth of April,
IS I'.), eoniiiuinieated to (Jovernnient of Heni^al in
the Court's Despateh, dated 2 1st July, IHl;), and
pnhlished in Ciemial Orders, dated r>th Februarv ,
18;<0.
All Serjeants having aefually served 2\ years, where-
of tlie last eii;ht years in the capacity of Serjeants, to
be allowed l.«. a day, over and above the pension
dcrivalile from Lord Clive's I'und.
All Serjeants bavins; served M years, and discharged
on account of debilitated constitutions, to be allowed
L«. n day.
All corporals and privates discharged at their own
rc(piost, after 21 years" service, to be allowed Is. n
day.
.Ml corporals and priv.ites discharged as unfit on
account of broken ci)nstitutions, having served 14
years, to be allowed '.li/. a day.
If wounded and totally unable to contribute to
ram a livelihoml, after 21 years' service, to be allowed
\s. lOiL a day.
If wounded, but able to contribute to earn a live-
lihood, after 21 years' service, to be allowed Is. -id.
n day.
If wounded and unable to contribute to earn a
livelihood, al^er 14 years' service, to be allowed
l.f. ftd. a day.
If wounded, but able to contribute to earn a live-
lihood, after 14 years' service, to be allowed Lf. a day.
If rendereil totally unable to earn a livehliood from
wounds, under 14 years' service, to be allowed Is. 3d.
a day.
If wounded, but able to contribute to cam a liveli-
hood, under 14 years' service, to be allowed I'l/. a day.
No soldier is entitled to the benefit of the Kegula-
tions under 21 years' service, unless his discharge
contain a recommendation for pension from the Go-
vernment under which he mav have served.
A. BRYCK,
Paym. Military Fund.
Military Fund Office, F^st India House,
*.oiti rciMutiiy, loo.;.
Infantry,
Colonel . . .
Lieutenant-Colonel
Major
Captain . .
Lieutenant .
iMisigu .
Superintendg. Surgeon
Surgeon
.\ssistant Surgeon .
Cavalry.
Colonel .
Lieutenant-Colonel
Major
Captain .
Lieutenant .
Cornet .
Artillery.
Colonel .
Lieutenant-Colonel
Major
Captain .
Lieutenant .
Seconil Lieutenant .
FurlouKh
Pay
in IHl.'L
pr. Dii'in.
f. .«. d.
1 .-i
1
l.'.
10
.'■>
4
i:.
10
ri
I 12 8
I 2 10
19 1
14 '.)
y
8
1
Diem.
s. ,1.
f>
1 (■>
10 r>
r> «->
I C.
10 (>
(•) c
12 8
a
19 a
14 7
1
l.'i
pr. month
17 10
8 l.'. 0]
7 10
.'■>
ll> 11
11 1
C. 10
:> 7
Increase
Diem,
.i. ,1.
1 II
In ISl.T.the F\n-lough Pay of the Officers of Km-
gineers was the same as that of the Infantry ; in
Novendier, 1S2H, it was assimilated to that of the
.\rtillery Officers. — Letters to Bengal, dated 2'>th
November, 1823.
B B. — Officers of the F,. I. Company's army in receipt of
pay on Furlough in England, with the Amount oi'
Charges, in each Year since the Furlough lugiila-
tion in 17'.'t), to the present time.
Y'ears. 1 No.
Charge.
Years.
1
No.
Clmr;^c.
1
£.
1
£.
179f.
81
15,f.41
1814
264
(•.5,4.->4
1':'.'7
107
20,.137
1815
227
64,'.U'i
I7;t8
IIT)
23,8C,0
1816
23 4 i
tiLliO'.l
17'."'.»
93
21,,')92
1817
269'
6,"',(>s'.)
1 soo
9;")
2f.,183
1818
295!
67, ()>,■)
1801
100
27.402
1819
292
75,;»8',>
1802
lit')
32,447
1820
296j
83,3,^4
1 803
1,'S7
42.157
1821
SOL
8 6,1; 05
1804
177
43,104
1822
340:
»2,-26i
180.-)
171
52,8 ■ 5
1823
350'
101,022
1 806
238
58,919
1824
351
106,104
1S07
209
52,904
1825
385:
ll5..^',>4
1808
27(>
(;5,32l>
1826
417
129,212
1809
253
f.2,124
1827
430
135,:'0,i
1810
229
f> 1,859
1828
492
15O,3:.0
1811
213
60,556
1829
532
164,7:>3
1812
227
62,781
1830
598
178,005
1813
937
65,801
i8;u
1
639,
!7i>,0!!
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1 80,3
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
13 and 1832.
UlRh
>y
Incrcn^to.
H32.
)ii'li\.
ir.
DicMi.
n. ,1.
f.
.1. ./.
5
—
(1
—
C.
I
6
r.
6 6
1 c.
r^ 3
1 :i
1 f.
1 II
1 6
t'l
f. 6
1 t;
12 8
.^
3
[) -J
19 3 1
'J
11 7
—
9 (
—
8 (
—
5 (
.^_
I
)
—
1(> 1
1 11
11
6 1(
1
—
5
!
—
OtViciTs of Kii-
tho Inl'nntry ; in
d to tlmt of the
ngnl, ilateil 2.'ith
F
nrniy in receipt of
the AnioiHit oi
iniousrh lUgiila-
th
1
No.
Clinri:c.
£.
264
65,.lo-l
; 227
64,<M,^
1 234
1 I'll.iiO'.i
j 269
65,(is',)
295
1 67,0»,'i
292
".'i, '.'(*"
296
1 83,3M
301
1 8r.,:'05
34t
! y2,:'6S
35C
' 101,02:2
351
■ IOC', 104
38;
: II5.."''.'4
41'
■' ll".),J12
43(
) 13.^,30.1
49
1 150,3:i0
53
1 164,:.^3
59
8 178,005
63
9 lii'.Ol!
APPENDIX IV.— ASI.\.
US
C C. — Kiirnpenn Cominlnsioneil OlilrcrH in recilpt of the I'nll iinil \\.\\( Pay, with the nnionnt of ChnrRP in
ench yenr, from the conwnenceinent of the retiring regulattuii, in 179(i, to the present liuie, Hpeeifying the
proportion per hundred of retired officers.
>>
Full and
Halt Pay.
Cimrge.
1
XI .
3 S
Is
I. V
i
Chnrgc.
1
.2 ^
1^
<u
i'
£
1797
9
3129
2142
41
181,-.
332
79968
4064
8' 1 6
1798
22
6728
2306
0'95
; 1816
311
83514
4120
1-27
1799
39
9656
2592
15
1 1817
345
H5271
32Hr>
10-5
IH(II)
51
17696
2859
1'78 ,
1H18
353
H;i66t(
3490
1011
IHOI
71
23452
30HI
23 ;
: 1 H 1 9
35 M
Hi 161)
4598
7'8
1 f<()2
78
21 MHO
3174
2-45 ;
IM.'d
373
85742
4628
8'6
1803
93
29040
3 1 m5
2 92
IHL'I
375
83092
4689
7 98
1801
131
33S I'J
3378
3'87
1822
377
82012
4689
8-04
1805
146
42671
3614
4 01
1823
392
84594
4920
7 '98
1 soil
157
46050
36;(3
424
1821
402
82595
5011
8-02
1807
181
42053
3907
4-63
|H.'5
442
898011
5191
8 59
1808
220
58221
3907
5' 61
' 1 H'.'6
447
9409 I
5356
8.34
1809
240
605 1 5
3918
6' 12
, 1827
477
96099
,5422
8-8
1810
260
67994
3951
6-58
1H28
491
101674
5430
9-04
1811
268
76301
3951
6 75
1829
507
100711
4833
1042
HI 2
298
77719
3951
7-54
1830
520
107395
4833
10.75
1H13
314
S3374
8935
7-97
1831
513
1 1 5798
4833
11 23
1814
323
81663
3935
82
1) p. — Stntcnicnt of the advances in England by the F.ast India Company for each of the several Military Funds
in India during the lust four years, (182,5-6 to 1828-29) and rate at which those advances arc repayable in
India.
Civil
Fund no-
nation.
Benoai,.
Madras.
Bombay.
Years.
Rcpayulile at 24-. 4i/.
per sicca rupee and
interest at 5 per
cent, from date of
advance to date of
repayment.
Repayable at 2v. 3ii. per Ma-
dias rupee, and interest at 5
percent, from date of advance
to day of repayment.
Repayable at I's. 'Ml.
per Honibay rupee,
and interest at 5 per
cent, from date of
advance to date of
repayment.
Total.
Military
\Vido\v'8
Fund.
Military
Orphan
Society.
Civil
Fund.
Military
Fund.
Medical
Fund.
Civil
Fund.
Military
Fund.
182,5-26
1826-27
1827-28
1828-29
£
2500
2500
2500
2500
£
1.5000
16500
19500
25000
£
7600
8800
11500
6100
£
36500
37500
35100
35000
£
22000
24000
26000
27000
£
7600
9500
8500
8700
£
22000
12000
24000
15000
£
10000
8700
6000
11500
£
123200
119500
133100
132800
Total
10000
76000
36000
144100
99 lOO
34300
73000
36200
508C00
The Court also advanced the Bengal Civil Fund 10,000/. in June 1828, which was repaid with interest on
16 November, 1829.
Drafts from India on the Court in favour of the Bengal Civil Fund in the following years, at '2s. Id. per
sicca rupee, and 12 months after date; paid in 1825-26, 16,418/.; 1826-27, 10,000/.; 1827-28, 10,000/.;
1S28-29, 12,000/.; total, 48,418/.
II
M 1. ■
m
H
lU
AITKNDIX IV.— ASIA.
K E.— Ratm of Retiring Allowi»ncc» to I'liroiicnn ( 'l)lmni'^^i(^n^■ll OITlcpr* of the Company'* 8f rvice on Full
mill Unit Toy in InI.'I ami 1h;12.
Full I'ny on
Full Pay on
Half ray on
Half-Pay on
Rank.
lli'firemriit in
Uitiremint in Increase.
lletirinient In
Uetirement in
IncrenHi'
lHi:i,
ih:»2. 1
IHI3.
1H32.
Colonil
W. :).«. p'dieni W. .'•.». p' dlcm
I.ii'iitcimnt-Coloni'l
U. -
w. —
—
I0«. p' dlcm
lU, p' dlcm
U. p' dlcm
Mem. of Mill. Honrd
.•iOO/. p' unn.
I'ndiT .') yi'nrs
—
.')00/. p' nnn.
Above 5 years .
—
70(1/. —
200/. p' ann.
Major .
l.'S.v. p' diem
K'n. 1)' dlcm
l.v. p' diem
Superintend. Surgeon
:)00/, p' aim.
It. 6<l. p' do.
y,t. rj. p' do.
2*. —
UnilcT .I ycnrs .
—
3(10/. p' nun.
Above .5 years .
—
3 (;,'■)/. —
f).'^/. p' nnn.
Captain
lO.v. p' ilieni
10.11. Cm/. pMieiii
(")(/. p' diem
.'i*. p" do.
7v. p- do.
2*. ~
Sur|i;eoii
Uh. —
1 (),».(•„/. —
f.,/. —
:>,«. —
7.«. —
2». —
Lieutenant .
r>n. —
CuM. —
U. ('»/. —
2,«. f>il. —
•»J. —
l». ful. —
Assistant Siirf^eon
.'),«. —
«.«.(•»/. —
\H. i'<d. —
2*. Oil. —
4.«. —
\a.r,d.—
Ensign or Cornet .
5i. —
Cji.:ii/. —
\.i. 3tZ. —
2*. —
3». —
It, —
F F.— OfTiccrs, sold
ers, and v.
iilows in receipt of pen-
G O.— M
iiiey applic
1 to the educating o
f the nativn
sions from Lord Clive's Fund ; with the n},'Kret,'Hte
of India from 1H2
\ to the l.itest periii
d whieli eaii
amount
of chnige
be made out. [Ind
ift House return, J.
tJ. Melville, J
Dates.
Ofllccra.
Soldiers.
Widows.
Aggregate.
Years.
Bengal.
Madras.
Bombay.
Total.
f
£
£
£
£
1814
.'■),•<
352
Ill
13121
1813
4207
480
442
5129
181.')
.'■)0
381
144
12799
1814
11606
480
499
125k:,
18IC
r>3
409
UC)
13201
1815
4405
480
.537
.^42.s
1817
54
414
155
13065
1H16
5146
480
578
6204
1818
51
432
IM
13742
1817
5177
480
795
6452
1819
56
437
179
15120
1818
5211
480
630
6321
1820
55
457
201
18286
1819
7191
480
1270
8941
1821
58
480
203
18470
1820
5807
480
1401
76x8
1822
55
510
214
19314
1821
6882
480
594
7956
1823
59
583
233
21140
1822
9081
480
594
101,^5
1824
54
C19
25fi
22090
1823
61.34
480
594
72(18
182.')
32
r.fifi
2r.i
22567
1824
19970
480
1434
21HH4
182f.
35
C82
303
26215
1825
57122
480
8961
665(;3
1827
35
789
333
28502
1826
21623
480
5309
27412
1828
3G
899
349
31937
1827
30077
2140
13096
453 i;i
1829
37
1085
372
35115
1H28
22797
2980
10064
35841
1830
38
1111
389
36660
18.29
24663
3614
9799
38076
1831
44
1145
396
38349
1830
28748
2946
12636
44330
H H. — Statement, exhibiting the .lid rendered by the Company, directly and indirectly towards the support
of the several Funds of British India.
Aid by a high
Aid by a high
Total.
Direct Aid.
rate of interest,
on the balances.
rate of exchange
in remittances.
Brngai. :
£
£
£
£
Civil Fund .
2500
1914
1355
5769
Military ditto
2344
5206
4336
11886
Ditto Orphan ditto
, ,
1425
2054
3479
Madras :
Civil . und .
4595
4817
9274
18686
Military ditto
1677
4095
6440
12212
Medical ditto
335
1943
2215
4493
Bombay :
Civil Fund .
2157
1534
4701
8382
Military ditto
767
3028
2318
6113
Total per annum .
14365
23962
32693
71020
It is intend
rvlcc on Full
ay-
Total.
£
12
.'>12'J
)U
12r.s:,
17
r)42.s
?8
f.204
J5
m:,2
W
032 1
'0
H'J4l
)l
7fiHrt
)1
vjr>c,
14
101,^.-)
14
7208
14
2IHH4
il
dMCa
)9
27412
IC
4r.;u;i
14
3r.H41
•".»
SHOTC)
if)
443;i0
Is
the support
Al'l'KNDIX IV.— ASrA. ia5
I I.— Monthly Hcport of the Slnpipore Iniitltution Free School, fiirninhFtl by the Secretnr)', April 183H.
( I.ASSlFICA'i f ON.
'I'ofnl nimilicr of nnnii's on the
IiooLh In April .
AviTiiKi' (liiily iittf'iiilnnrc
New Hcholnrs cnti'iid in April
Scholars left in .\pril
Niimbrr of nclmliirs who pny .
Number of honrck'rs with tho
headmaster
It is intended to establish PortiiRueso HerRis classes. There is n library mid nuisentn in connection with
this useful institution, the founders of which deserve great credit.
K K. — Eiliirntion in lifngnl. — The district of Nattore has an area of about .'{.'lO stpiare miles. It rontoins
4h') villnRcs, occupied l)y .3(),()2H fanr\ilics, of which 10,01).') are Hindu, and iy,y:t3 Mussulman. The total
population is 1!).'J,2'.H), of whom 100, .')79 are males, and 1(4,717 are females; there are, therefore, on an
average, (>2 families, or 400 individuals, in a village.
Of the total population 34,039 or 17'9 per cent, arc under .I years of aRo.
„ 39,429 ,, 20-2 „ are between .''> and 14 ditto.
„ 120,928 ,, (')1'9 ,, are above 14 ditto.
The number of native elementary schools in the district is 27, of which 1 1 arc Hindu nnd ICi Mussulman.
They contain 2()2 boys. The number of native schools of learnin); is 3H, all of which are Hindu. They
contain 397 male students. In Ij.lWH families, of which 1,277 arc Hindu, and 311 are Mussulman, the
children are receiving occasional domestic instruction. On an average of one and a half child to each family,
the number of children in this class will be 2,382. Thus the total number of males receiving instruction is
3,041, of whom 2,r)44 are between .5 and 14, or H'C) per cent, of the whole male popidation between those
ages. Females receive no education whatever. Of the adult male population, amo\uiting to .'■)9,.')00 souls,
(inly fi,12l, or 10'3 \iqx cent., possesses even the most insignificant (lecree of instruction. If the non-adult
population be added, it will appear that out of 100, .')79 males, only 8,70.'), or 87 per cetit., possesses or are
ncq\iiring any kind of instruction ; and, if the female population be added, the proportion will be further
reduced to 45 per cent. — [OlTicial Report.]
L L. — Recent circumstances have directed public attention to the trade between British India and the
Persian Gulf and coast of Arabia ; this trade is of considerable value, if properly cultivated, and it would be
very desirable to form commercial factories in the Persian Gulf and in the Red Sea, for the purpose of
securing this increasing and lucrative traffic.
The merchandize imported into Calcutta for the years ending 1827, from the Persian Gulf and Arabia,
amounted to S. R. 8,'),87,04f), and the treasure to S. R. 80,07,7 Ifi. The exports were S.R. 2,19,22,141,
which trade was carried on in ."iO English ships, with a tonnage of 20,000, and 80 Arab ships, comprising
3.''),000 tons. The trade of Madras was, of course, less. The average annual value of the trade between
Calcutta and the Persian Gulf is S. R. .''..5,96,845 ; between the Gulf and Madras, S.R. 5,49,819 ; and between
Bombay and the Gulf, S. R. 72,24,971.
m
^11
iil
ill
li;
ii
126
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
M M. — Expenses of Suits in the different Courts of India, viz. in the Zillah, Provincial, and Sudder Courts.'
[Tliis statement is given for the purpose of shewing the expense of litigation in India.]
Cost of Suit and Defence of the Zillah Court.
COST OF THE
PLAINTIFF.
COST OF THE DEFENDANT.
Thing sued for
Value.
a
.2 „•
\P CO
"> it
c :«
1 tn
S 5
o <
CS C
a, to
III
>
in (B
Value.
(A
S
11
Sh g
(2 §
01
1
in CI
0) a
g g
^1
o
o "z:
. t-.
r
ITjO begahs of land paying
Rupees
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rupees
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
revenue
930
50
9
80
40
9
194
930
22
5
46
17
90
284
A talook ....
129
8
11
15
—
40
129
6
—
6
—
12
52
2,')0 begahs of alluvial land
250
32t
13*
13
12
76
250
—
—
1.^
—
12
88
300 begahs of land .
525
32
Mh
3i
20
35
101
525
32A
24
52
—
87
248
Share of a talook
f.73
32
24^
23
34
7
120
073
21i
13
34
6
74
194
Debts ....
840
50
13+
5
42
—
no*
840
—
—
—
lUH
Ditto ....
1,004
100
8+
1
83
—
192
1,004
9
4
834
—
93
285
Ditto ....
1,000
50
94
—
50
—
1094
1,000
174
4
50
—
71
IHlii
Dtto ....
1,262
50
l.'.i
u
04
—
131
1,202
11
1
64
—
70
207
Bond debt
1,.500
50
12
75
—
137
1,500
2
—
75
—
77
214
Rent-free land .
08G
32
14
5
34
—
85
686
16
—
34
32
82
167
Ditto, . 77 begahs .
o;5i
30
26
99
32
21
207
031
20
108
32
—
104
:ni
Ditto, quantity not specified
1,047
00
13
1
75
4
1,54
1,647
5
—
754
—
81
235
Ditto . ditto .
.527
25
5
5
26
4
05
,527
15
—
20
—
41
106
Ditto . ditto .
1,237
51
16
1
61
— -
129
1,237
18
^^
01
"^
79
208
w
m
lit
Bis
* Evidence before Parliament in 1832.
t There appears to be some mistake here ; the proper stamp being only 16 rupees.
Cost of Parties in the Court of Appeal.
APPELLANT.
RESPONDENT.
— ' tn
(A
OJ
(n
<u
|J5
S 01 c.
T^ .
r'^
m o
^ a.
•o -
r""
M U
♦i
C . C c
(^
<u c
S5S
b
OJ C
■2.-
Thing sued for
Value.
Institu
Stamp
.2 o,
■* o
« 0)
en o;
OJ <
Rs.
s
a
>
Rs.
i £
Rs.
3
e2
Value.
OJ ■*-■
.£ CO
o H
CO
'a;
1
-0%
150 begahs of land paying
Rupees
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rupees
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
revenue
930
50
6
—
46
—
102
930
6
—
46
—
52
154
A taloook ....
129
8
6
—
6
—
20
129
7
—
—
13
33
250 begahs of alluvial land
250
32
5
1
37
—
76
250
5
—
37
—
42
118
300 begahs of land .
525
32
13
—
26
—
71
525
9
—
26
—
35
lOfi
Share of talook .
673
32
13
2
34
—
81
673
9
—
34
—
43
124
Debts ....
840
50
12
1
42
—
105
840
5
—
48
—
53
l.W
Ditto ....
1,004
100
26
—
83
—
210
1,664
5
—
83
—
88
'm
Ditto ....
1,000
50
6
2
50
—
108
1,000
1
—
50
—
51
151)
Ditto ....
1,262
50
63
—
75
—
188
1,202
12
—
75
—
37
275
Bond debt
1,500
50
21
—
75
—
140
1,500
12
—
75
—
87
233
Rent-free land .
086
32
44
2
34
5
118
080
43
1
34
3
81
199
Ditto 77 begahs .
631
32
12
2
31
—
77
031
—
—
—
—
—
77
Ditto quantity not specified
1.647
100
14
2
148
—
263
1,047
19
—
148
—
167
4.S0
Ditto ditto
527
^0
30
—
47
—
127
527
17
—
47
—
64
191
Ditto ditto
1,237
50
29
""
62
'"
141
1.237
15
62
" '
77
218
Sudder Courts.*
ndia.]
iFENDANT.
in u
oi c
S g
Rs.
17
32
Rs.
90
12
12
87
74
93
71
76
77
82
164
81
41
79
o
O 'Z
Rs.
284
52
88
248
194
104
285
18II:V
207
214
167
371
235
lOf.
208
pees.
DENT.
-„s
5
O) C,
1/1 d
•" M
f a
H Si
5 SI
o
7?s
f.-Si
H
1^"-
' SI
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
52
154
13
33
^_
42
118
—
3r>
lOfi
_—
43
124
53
158
_^
88
2'J8
.—
51
159
SI
275
_
87
233
3
81
199
_„
77
,
167
4.30
64
191
77
218
,-5;--. -,
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Expenses in the Siulder Court.
127
APPKI.I.ANT.
RESrONnENT
a
2 •"■
Zi a.
en
3
<U (A
s —
i
_^.
(U
3
o •
c ^
■a .
C in
cd C
•:3
si
Things sued for.
3
■3 B
cn
"3
3
£1
e2
I( .
>
Rs.
>
x>
Rupees
Rs.
Rs.
Rs. JRuiiecs
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
150 Bcgahs of Land paying revenue
930
50
32
46
128
930
28
28
46
102
230
A Talooiv
129
8
30
6
44
129
26
6
32
76
250 Rcgahs of Alluvial Land .
250
32
29
37
108
250
22
••
37
59
167
300 Hegahs of I.aiiu .
525
32
30
26
88
525
36
26
62
105
Share of a Talook ....
673
32
42
34
108
673
32
34
66
174
Debts
840
50
30
63
143
840
20
63
83
226
Ditto
1,664
100
22
83
205
1,664
18
83
101
306
Ditto
1,000 50
30
50
130
1,000
20
50
70
200
Ditto
1,262 1 GO
30
64
144
1,262
22
64
86
230
Bond Debt ....
1,500 ; 50
52
75
177
1,500
44
75
119
296
Rond-frco Land ....
686 ! 32
40
34
106
686
, ,
, ,
106
Ditto — 77 Begahs
631 ' 50
56
49
155
631
38
49
87
242
Ditto — quantity not specified
1.647 100
31
148
279
1,647
26
148
174
453
Ditto ditto
.527
50
24
47
12 1| 527
14
47
61
182
Ditto ditto
1,237
50
40
62
152
1.237
24
62
86
238
1
Summary of Law Expenses.
!/)
v) .—
n
■s ^
3 'C
•a
SSv 5
13 a, =
3i (U
(U
a.£u
-£U
Tiling sued for.
■a
^=^,
■3; =
oZ'r.
T3
a
>
^■"JS
2'"t
2"5
2
S N
S F
3 rr
o
u
■J "
Rs.
Ks.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
150 Itcgahs of Land pay-
inp; revenue
930
284
154
230
6(18
A Talook .
120
52
33
-n
161
250 Bpnahs of Alluvial
Land
250
R8
ll.S
167
373
300 DcRahs of Land .
.'•)25
218
106
150
.50 1
Share of aTaloolt .
6;3
I9»
124
17-t
492
Debts ....
840
iioi
1.58
2-J6
49 li
Ditto
l,fi()l
285
2U8
306
889
Ditto ....
1,000
IHOJ
1.-.9
200
539J
Ditto
1,262
207
275
230
712
Bond Debt .
1,500
214
233
2!)6
713
Rent.fee Land
686
1()7
199
106
472
Ditto— 77 Heeahs
631
371
77
242
690
Ditto— quantity not spe-
cified .
1,647
235
430
4.^1 3
1,118
Ditto ditto
527
l(l6
191
182
•179
Ditto ditto .
1.23;
208
ai8
238
664
N N.— Value (in sicca rupees) of Private Trade
Calcutta. — Imports in 1795-6. bullion. 48,71,052
merchandize, 64,77,819; total, 1,13,48,871. 1796-7
l)ullion, 27,27,729 ; merchandize, 53,47,032 ; total
80,74,761. 1797-8, bullion, 29,13,594; merchan
dize. 39,17.779; total, 68,31,373. 1798-9, bullion
33,82,063 ; merchandize, 61,12,355; total. 94,91,418
1799-1800, bullion, 1.06,46,600; merchandize
83,64,802; total, 1,90.11,402,
Value (in sicca rupees) of Exports from Calcutta in
Private Trade.
1795-6
1796-7
1797-8
1798-y
1800
London.
84,08,800
,50,79,310
69,71.529
41,07,834
67,66,649
America. Uuropc.
19,49,319' 29,94,203
25,60. 267J 24,84,437
20,25,6021 18,42,167
11,89,542] 551.967
37,85,937; 43,00,580
3,13,34,122 1.15,10,6671 1,21,73,354
All other
Places.
"0,97,811
52,33,183
42,80,911
80,74,770
1,08,61,639
3,55,48,314
Total.
2,04,60,131
1.53,57,197
1,51,20,209
1,39,24,113
2,57,14,805
9,05,66,455
The Private Trade Exports from Calcutta to London in
1800-1, S.R 84.87,336; in 1801-2, S.R. 1,31,97,420.
O O. — Value (in sicca rupees) of Imports in Private Trade. — Calcutta by sea.
Years.
London.
Hamburgh
Copenha-
gen.
Lisbon.
America.
Asiatic
Ports.
Total.
1795-6
1796-7
1797-8
1798-9
1799-1800
22,73,163
17,83,002
15,34,219
17,43,314
47,87,101
6,57,431
15,801
1,66,411
2,18,943
72,333
7,70,136
5,14,936
85,303
6,15,052
10,16,474
10,24,943
5,18,025
6,94,320
2,04,182
46,56,391
8,43,118
1.5,49,773
10,40,108
13,40,572
35,24,614
57,80,080
36,93,224
33,11,012
53,72.355
49,54,489
1,13,48.871
80,74,761
68,31,373
94,94.418
1.90.11,402
1.21,20,799
11,30,919
30,01,901
70,97,861
82,98,185
2,31,11,160
5,47,60,825
^W
Private Trade— Imports from London in 180J-1, S. R. 44,72,669 ; in 1^01-2, S. R. 37,75,669.
! I
^
lil:
Si <i
128
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
P P. — Exports of Cotton from Bombay.
Years,
To China.
To Great
Britain.
Total.
Rupees.
Rupees.
Rupees.
1828
l,03,r):;3
84,r.04
1,88,137
1829
87,;t27
38,;)87
l,2r),'.)l4
1H30
l,17,2f;8
37,2!l.5
l,r)4,.'-)C8
1h;u
l,22.-r,4
81,4.34
2,03,598
18;t2
i,ir),()y4
y8,r)31
2,13,82.5
1833
i,oy,74i
94,ir)2
2,03,N93
1834
l,20,f.23
82,082
2,02,705
1835
r>3,771
1,03,707
1,57,478
183C
1,21,121
1,08.'JC1
2,90,082
Allowing only ir.o rujiees a candy, as the average
value of cotton tliroughout the season, it may be
estimated as worth 232 laiihs of rupees.
Opium. — The export of opium, wiiich stands second
on the list, was as follows; — In 1829, 3,420 chests;
1830, 3,506; 1831, 4,472; 1832, 10,105i; 1833,
C,937; 1834,11,206; 1835,8,785; 1830, lC,234i.
The great increase displayed in 1832 was princi-
pally owing to the abolition of the Company's mono-
poly of the drug. Estimating the value of the exports
last year at 1,050 rupees a chest, tliey would, in round
numbers, be worth 1 70 lal<hs of rupees.
fVuol. — Although its intrinsic value is but trifling,
this article promises soon, by means of the Indus, to
be one of the most important staples of Hombay.
Exports in 1833, 106 bales, 303 cwt.; 1834, 439
bales, 1,719 cwt.; 1835, 2,290 bales, 0,363 cwt.;
1836, 5,125 bales, 14,045 cwt.
R R.— Trade between Great Dritain and A'^ia, viz. East India, China, tlie Mauritius, Timor, New Holland, and South
Sea Islands, tri)m Uiy? to ls-.'2.*
Q Q. — Rates of Taxation in Ens^land on E. am' IV.
India Sugars. — E. I. Sugar, in 1782, 35/. 19». per
cent.; on W. I. 12» 3(/. per cwt. In 1787, E. 1.
37/. 16*. 3(/. per cent.; on \V. I. \2s. 4d. per cwt.
In 1791, E. I. 38/. per cent. ; \V. I. 1.5.?. per cwt. In
1797, E. I. 38/. 5«. 2d. percent.; \V. I. 17*. Gd. per
cwt. Since then the enormous tax has thus ranged : —
West India
East India
Periods.
S
ugar
Sugar
pe
r cwt.
per cwt.
£.
s.
d.
£.
s. d.
In 1803
4
6 4
— 18(14 .
6
6
9 1
From 1805 to 1809
7
9 8
In IHIO
8
6
11 6
From 1811 to 1812
7
10
— 1813 to 1815
10
18
— 1816 to 1817
7
13
— 1818 .
10
— 1819 to 1830
7
17
— 1831 to 1833
4
3
12
Average duty j 1 7 1 112 8
In addition, there was an ad valorem duty on East
India sugar, winch, from 1787 to 1797, was 37/. 10.<. 3(/.
per cent. ; 1798 to 1802, 42/. 6,«. 3d. per cent. ; 1803
to 1813, varied from 1/. 74". to 1/. per cent.
la
0.&
Lo
i
u
.§*
X
Hi
f-
U
!h
it
£
■W1697
262837
67094
p 1729
p )69H
S.ifi.'iO!)
4511951
H 1730
p ifiyg
717()!»3
1 5690s 1
P 1731
p 171)0
787731
1266971
1- 1732
p 17<il
7ti218H
1220)8:
1" 1733
wl70'.i
2-17l)H
87484]
!• 1734
WI703
59()30i)
13-,077
P 1735
W1704
7.57814
19342;
P 1736
wl7()5
391974
27004
P 1737
wi7«ii
6l(i652
27234
P 1738
WI707
a.'jsaaH
55974
WI739
WI708
4y3«7
6091.1
WI74O
wl7«!»
327383
168357;
WI74I
W1710
2482fi6
126310'
WI742
WI711
0369 14
1518741
w 1 743
WI712
45O933
142329
WI744
p 17IH
953013
94179
w 1 745
p 17H
104,1963
7<)595
WI746
p 171.')
579944
.S6997
WI747
p 1716
402554
106198
W1748
P 1717
494861
82616
p 1749
W1718
1332901
73922
p 1750
W17I9
547311
88365
p 1751
w 17211
931441
83811
P 1752
WI721
1020763
127.1119!
P 1753
p \7-ii
7640,13
1254771
P 1754
p 17M
»6-l57(l
11,5241 1
P 1755
p 172J
1165203
lU0585i
WI756
p 172.1
759778
93795'
WI757
p 17-'fi
914122
74802:
W1758
P 1727
1125829
97808
w 1759
p 172b
8I.9474
115784
Si
0.0
972033
1059759
825373
981332
ll{)6.i84
767531
1297400
928881
915881
742844
1278859
870476
1130014
121387h
906422
743508
973705
646697
821733
1098712
1124128
1104180
1096837
1068366
1007622
1186159
1216771)
796472
IIII9O8
2229111
973805
o o
p.*.
M
138287
135481
159132
159099
132435
135201
1 8637 5
261176
378089
169138
217395
281751
486928
373797
645547
476274
293113
893540:
345526
3063571
5570861
508654
798077!
62768SJ
788374:
844274
874579
488880'
815466
922142
663415
(A
\vl76o
wl7fii
w 1 76.'
p 1763
V 17()4
V 17f)5
1' 1766
p 17(571
p 1768I
1' l7()iii
)■ 17701
p 1771I
\v 1772,
\v 1773]
!p 177 1 i
jw 17751
I w 1776
,wl777
JWI778
iw 17791
|Wl780j
'wl78ll
|wl782!
|W1783|
P 1784
V
1 785
P
1786
p
1787
p
1788
p
1789
'"
1790
178.1679
840987
972838
10,59335
1182844
1 1555t-9
1 975981
198 11 73
1507963
1863233
1941627
1882139
2473l!,2
19331196
13.'l6984
1091845
I468O77
1834221
1526130
716323
970726
2526339
626319
1301495
2996652
2703910
3156687
3430868
3453897
3350148
3149770
RB
it
1161670
845797
1067353
887083
1165600
914278
783i;6l
1272654
1156082
1205388
1082030
1184824
94I3OI
84570;
546213
1010642
72639(1
785825
1199827
703191
1116341
595131
1467844
701473
730858
I1535.)V-
2242038
1551209
1430633
1957177
1386230
= i
p 1791
p 1792'
\vl;93
wl794i
WI795
WI796;
WI797:
WI798'
WI799,
W1800|
W1801
P I 802 I
w 1803 1
W1804J
W 1805 1
wl806i
w 18071
W 18081
WI809'
WI810
WI8II1
]wlbl2|
iWlSllI
|wl815!
iP 18161
jP 18171
IP 1818
■y 1819!
iP 182o'
jP 1821
If 1822
3698713
2671547
3499023
4458475
576O795
3372689
3942384
7626930
4284805
4912275
5424441
5794906
6349294
5214842
6072313:
3735396
3401700
5853460
3366343
4709868
4106299
5602358
6304096
8042292
831 259 1
7687328
7342800
7544462
7567678
6256210
5122993
lo
X
£
2272066
2137887
2721793
2924829
2382033
2377376
2288415
1145736;
2436383
2860397
2946257
2929s 16
2733013
1766268
16692 1 5
1936954
I88I437
1933223
1617627
I17I7II8
1664522;
i 17792121
11699125
2093464
2204978
2794634
3195826
2421-64
339O897
4427331
4100693
II
«
ars.
OS 00
O.P a*-
1 .<"
E« X
1 >"
£ M
1
I--3
1697: 262837
67094
□
1712 468941
106908
1721: 958104
9341)2
1748 968400
432022
^■1762 975805; R.5(i6;9
1783,1340164 92621)7
■0
1801 4814646 2J,i3;!ll
.2
1815 5231522 1877015
a.J
ti"
G
"3
1701
656031' iw>n
1 HI
1717
69521)7, m'a
. 01
1738
650879J Mliil'i
'i
1755
lUglaB: ;141II5
a.
1774
1720263 !)98;S,;
!■-
1792
3179136 17W47
: X
1802
5791906 2!«yiii6
< c
1822
7119152 3219141)
:a..
*fThe figures in tliis
table are deiivcd from
a cliart prepared by
'■ Caesar Moreau in 182:1,
and grounded on public
do
cume
nts.]
Piece
fndig(
OpiuM
Silk
Sugar
Grain
Sundr
The total Pri\
TT.— A Stati
with the C(
accounts of
Name of
No. 2. Dacca
3. Burdw
4. Punchi
5. Becrbo
6. Ditto
7. Kishini
8. Baugul
(Not includins;
produce per i
No. 9. Purnea
10. Rungpc
Total of the Es
the Produce {
Acre of Baug
Medium of di
aliove except!
Medium of the
elusive of Nc
No. 4, Punchi
UU. — Account
Sugar Manufa
the produce w
Jaggery of diffi
Distilled 50 n
diice— Rum, equ
Rallons. DistilU
Praduce— Rum,
-'46 gallons. Di
of the Burdwan
to strain from t
making sugar: 1
London proof, 23
Sugar, No. 1.—
wan Jaggery, call
Scum .
Molasses
Sugar, of E
d on E. anif IV.
, 351. VJs. per
In 1787, E. I.
!. 4(/. per cwt.
s. per cwt. In
I. 17s. 6(1. per
thus ranged : —
East India
Sugar
per cwt.
£. s. d.
1 6 4
1 9 1
1 9 8
1 11 6
1 10
1 18
1 13
2
1 17
1 12
1 12 8
■im duty on East
,was37<. 16,<.3(/.
per cent. ; 1H()3
r cent.
Hand, and South
01 1
ifi
n
^s
So
o-g
a*"
I
" 1
X
697 262837
67094
712 4689411
lOliiJOB
721 958101
g3-iu2
71H 9fiH400l
4:VJ022
rO-J 97580.1.
B.-ifiera
783 1340164
926^97
801 4H14646
24.i:ir!ll
81.'-
5231522 1877015
fOl 656031' 214212
171 6yj267l ?9>''2^
b8 6508791 1J1''4'^
55I1II9I38 7141115
[^74 1 172026;: U9»rfi'>
P92;3l79i3fi 1 "9.5747
B02 579490I) 29i«iil6
622:71191523219446
hie figures in tliis
] are deiivcd from
kart ijrepareit by
tr Morcau in ll<2;l,
Wounded on iiublic
fments.]
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
S S. — Sorts of Merchandize Exported from Calcutta and value in sicca rupees.
129
1795-6.
179C-7.
1797-8.
1798-9.
1799-1800.
Piece Goods .
Indigo
Opium .
Silic .
Sugar .
Grain
Sundries
94,83,284
62,51,524
13,08,360
5,81,183
8,20,186
9,11,365
10,94,229
74,26,752
32,33,797
13,31,255
3,40,975
11,57,715
8,87,630
9,79,073
57,48,617
54,59,844
10,77,961
6,12,2.53
8,46,752
5,57,401
8,17,381
57,74,057
23.79,629
12,55,579
6,67,300
14,10,646
8,79,713
1.5,66,189
1,20,01,199
35,53,949
28,80,593
14,33,751
23,81,691
12,49,274
22,14,348
Total
2,04,50,131
1,53,57,197
1,51,20,209
1,39.24,113
2,57,14,805
Tiie total Private Trade Exports from Calcutta was in 1800-1, S.R. 2,80,83,810 ; in 1801-2, S.R. 3,12,33,107.
TT. — A Statement showing the Expenses of Cultivating Sugar Land in Bengal by Hired Labour, togetiier
with the Cost and Amount produced in ten different Districts, in the year 1793; taken from detailed
accounts of respectable native farmers. (Rice excluded in the calculation.)
C i*
Name of the District.
No. 2. Dacca .
3. Burdwan .
4. Punchaun Gong .
5. Becrboom ,
6. Ditto .
7. Kishinagur
8. Baugulpore .
(Not inchiding expense and
produce per acre.)
No. 9. Purnea
10. Rungpoor
Total of the Estimates, except
the Produce and Expense per
Acre of Baugulpore
Medium of ditto, with the
aliove exception .
Medium of the Estimates, ex-
clusive of No. 2 Dacca, and
No. 4, Punchaun Gong i 2 13
o ^" c
" Is ?r '-
, <u •- .2P c
— a C3 •-
Wo o -=
o .S
o "O •
III
C4
x:
° 2
&4
Rs. A.
Rs.
A.
M. S.
' 4
20
30
■ 3
18
19
! 3
32
3
11
1 4
18
8
20 20
3
20
6
20 20
2
20
2
14 20
3
16
7
17 20
1 8
13
12
15
3 8
16
12
12 30
27
176
3
100 31
3
19
9
17 34
Rs. A
1 8
1 12
3 8
1 15
1 15
2
1 2
1
1 7
16 5
^x: >
4-1 ill a
a, o
Rs. A. Rs. A.
45 30 8
33 4 15 4
8 6 4
9 8
7 10
8 13
3 8
38
28
28
29
29
15 0' 1 3
18 12 2
255 8
1 12 28
17 11
17
24 9
84 12
9
c
3 o
T3 <
S
Ts.Ct. Q.
1 7 1
1 1
17
1 2
1 2
16 0;
Jt;. s.
3 12
4 13
8 7
3 7
4 7
5 2
o
U
9 3
14
I 2 4
4 15
s. d.
2 7i
4 5
9 5i
2 11$
3 9i
4i
4 7i
4 6
9
7 11 236 10 2 5 71
18 3 4 11 5
I
6 13 17 3 4 10 4 9i
UU. — Account of Experiments made at the Rum and
Sugar Manufactory at Atchipore, to ascertain what
the produce would be from different quantities of
Jaggery of different kinds made into Rum and Sugar.
Distilled 50 maunds best Burdwan Jaggery : Pro-
duce — Rum, equal in strength to London proof, 270
;;ailons. Distilled 50 maunds Jaggery, from Benares :
Produce — Rum, equal in strength to London proof,
24C gallons. Distilled 50 maunds of the liquid part
of the Burdwan Jaggery, being that which is allowed
to strain from the granulated part in the process of
making sugar : Produce — Rum, equal in strength to
London proof, 235 gallons.
Sugar, No. 1. — Boiled 7 maunds 24 seers dry Burd-
wan Jaggery, called by the natives Doolah : Produce —
M. s.
Scum 10
Molasses . . . . 3 15
Sugar, of a very fine quality . 2 39
7 14
Loss of weight in boiling
14
Maunds . 7
Excess in weight, being the water that strains
from the clay, and mixes with the Molasses
Original weight 7 24
As 7 maunds 24 seers is to 2 maunds 39 seers, so is
100 maunds ditto to 39 maunds 5 seers 12 192-364ths.
No. 2. — Boiled 10 maunds of the best Burdwan
Jaggery : Produce — m.
Scum .....
Molasses, strained from the sugar
before laying on the clay .
Ditto, after claying
Sugar, of a very good quality
s.
10
15
37
31;
Loss of weight in boiling
28
11
^i!.|it;|.
10
i
130
>
-7
a
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H
3
C
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<J
a
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o
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Oi
?!
O
c
,_,
o
s
■a
c
o
•a
u
g
5
'«->
f?
o
X
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
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§1
Y Y.— Specific Rntcs of Dnty chancenblc
In England on Ar.
ti<ics, tlie proiliice of llritlsh Imliu
other Colonies and
KorciRii I'lacca, In June IH33
British
nritlsh
Foreign.
Articles. 1
India-
Colonies.
1
i
£. >.
J.
£. «. d.
.*". .1. (1.
Aloes .. .. lb.|
2
2
s
Arrowroot .. .. — 1
2
lcw(
Ih. 2
Assnfirtidn .. .. cwt.
6
U
6
6 II
Ilarilla .. .. ton.'
a ()
(1
2
2 II
llcnjamin .. .. cwt.
II 4
4
4
licfiix, rcHncd .. —
1(1
(1
10 (1
10
nitto, iiiircfliiod . . —
U 4
4
4
C'umplior, nnrcfliied .. —
1
n 1 u
1 II
Criics— Kattans per lOUO
5
5
S II
Pitto, walking .. —
5
S
6
Cardaniinus .. .. 11).
1
1
1 II
Cinnamon .. .. —
()
8
6
1 (1
(loves . . . . —
2
2
:i II
Cochineal .. .. —
(1
2
2
U li
Coffee, (Sierra I.cone, !)rf.) —
9
6
1 II
Coir or Coroa Nut Rope cwt.
n s
(1
&
.S
Cotton Manuf. per ct. ad val.
lfl/.to2()/.
I0/.t02()/.
10/. to 'JO/.
Cotton, wool .. cwt.
.1
4
2 11
rnlielis .. .. lb.
t)
6
(1 li
I'.hony .. .. ton.
U 3
3
5
Cialeniral .. .. —
6
6
()
Calls .. .. cwt.
'2
4
2
Oaniboge .. .. lb.
4
2
4 II
Ciiniier .. .. cwt.
11
11
2 13 II
Ditto, preserved .. lli.
1
1
1 3
(jiinis, varied ., cwt.
U 6
6
6 (1
Hair or wool niannfactnre,
per cent, ad val.
30
30
30 n
nemp . . . cwt.
1
1
1
Hides, dry .. .. cwt.
2
4
2 4
4 »
Ditto, wet .. .. —
1
o
1 2
2 1
Horns .. .. cwt.
2
4
2 4
2 4
lnili(;o .. .. 11).
U
3
3
.|
I.aekercd Ware per ct. ad val.
20
20
20 (1
.Mace .. .. lb.
3
6
3 6
4 li
Madder Root .. cwt.
6
6
II 1)
Maniroes .. .. i;al.
1
t)
1 6
1 li
Mats ami Miittiuff percent.
5
5
20
Mother Pearl .. —
5
5
5 II
Mnsl( .. oz.
6
6
II (i
Myrib .. cwt.
6
6 U
II (i II
VutnieBS .. .. lb.
2
6
2 6
;) li
Niix Vomica .. . . —
2
6
2 ()
■-' Ci
OlibiUiuni .. .. cwt.
6
6
II li 11
tirpimi-nt .. .. —
I 8
6
1 8 6
1 S (i
Oils, essential .. 16.
U 1
4
1 4
1 i
Oil, castor .. .. —
U
3
lb. 3
lib.
Oil, Hoves .. .. —
14
14 3
14 (1
Oil, Cocoa Nuts' .. cwt.
U 1
3
1 3
« 1 ;t
Pearls .. percent.
5
5
5 1)
I'epi>er ; Foreign India, Is. 2rf.
per lb.) .. .. lb.
1
1
1 2
Khnharb .. .. —
1
1
1 II
-Spice, Dohusked .. cwt.
1
1 (1
U |J (1
.Si\l!lower .. .. cwt.
1
1
1 u
.Siiero .. .. —
1
I
1 1)
Saltpetre .. .. —
6
n 6
II 1)
Sanguis nraconis . . —
4
6 4
4
s«pan and Sandal Wood ton
1
1 n
1 II
Senna .. .. lb.
(i
fi
fl II li
Silk, raw .. .. —
1
1
11 1
Ditto mnnnfnctured percent.
20
30
S« 11
Soap, hard .. .. —
' 1 8
1 8 (1
4 lO 1)
Spirits .. ,. pal.
IS
9
1 2 6
Supar .. cwt.
1 12
1 4 «
3 3
Teeth, Ivory .. .. —
1
I
1 u
lin .. .. —
2 10
2 10
2 1(1
TobiCi^o, Se^rara . . lb.
9
9 «
D l>
Tortoise shell .. —
1
1
II 2 II
Dilt'i mannfactured .. r'wt
29
20 (1
20
Tnrmeriek
2
4
2 4
10 l>
Vermilliiin .. ib
f
6
li
Wax, Bees', nnmanuf. CMi
1 10
10
1 10 II
Ditto, mannlaetnred. .. —
1
1 n
3
Wood, Teak Jor Did. 10,s.) loai
1
10
1 10
Othi r goods or wares manu.
lactured . . per cent
20
20
20
In order to render this document complete, 1 pivctlicpre-
ceding comparison of the prices in London ^vadiisire »f
rfi////) of East India Produce, for the last eight jcars, wiUi
ihu rale uf decrease or rise in pi ice.
v; o c w .
w
u
1^
N")
^ h
Ci
rrt
4k. t
■^
-
■f^ (•
*
*
*
In Ennland on Ar.
iher Culonlen aud
nritish
Colonies.
^. s. d.
2
Icwl
6 fl
2
4
10
Foreign.
4
1
5
5
1
6
,' 10/. to 20/.
4I
006
3 (I
oof)
4
2
11
I
060
Ji. .1. (/.
s
II). 2
() II
2 (I
4 II
10 II
4
I II
5
5
I II
1
;i II
u li
I II
5
10/.t(vj(l(.
2 11
II li
5 II
1)
2
4 II
•i 13 II
1 3
6 II
30
20
5
5
1
S
II
6
3"
1
1
2
1
2
3
3 ()
6
1 6
6
()
2 6
2 ()
lb. 3
14 3
1 3
30
20
20
5
1
5
II
4
'I
2
II
4
II
I
« II
II
3 6
•J a
lib.
U II
I :l
I)
t)
4
1
1
8
9
1 2
II
2
10
a
1
20
2 4
b
10
1
10
20
1
(5
I II
II 1
II (i
4 II
1 II
U 6
II 1
3(1 II II
4 lO «
1 3 6
3 3
1
2 10
il «
(I i 11
20
10
1 10
3
1 10
20
uplctc, I pivcthopre-
joniliiii vi X' '«»'"''' "'
a'^t eight ycirs, Willi
ZZ.— Vpt Import or Export of Treasure into niid (rum t)ie
Three I'ortii ot Calciittu, Kort 8t. Cieori;e unit Uuuil»ky, lu
ladi year, from 1813-14 to 1832-33 incluKivv.
AI'l'KNDIX IV.— A.S1,\. 133
S A. — TrRde between India and China (Private Shipa.)
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27008
21.Mr
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14y87'
21872
181111
I34:<'.)
20074
21748
2ri424
28241)
28282
Value Im-
ports.
Va'ue Ex-
ports.
Dollars.
(io.'<r)128
7.'i0274.')
ri!)<iir,8i
7ri82")00
I umifido
1 lii',l'.»272
94.'")!)!):i2
10127718
.)1702'.)4
i;<2C)H24;»
1 I07H010
11 0-4, -.,'.;>
1.5700878
i.')7o;*2;i2
l.'i84.')(;43
1(137.'?228
18447147
I'ollnrs.
;!8r,i<)iCi
4;).".4 1 1 2
4;i:;7oir.
(;7i!")2('>'.)
5')''.2100
CiH 14874
(■)1H4(;;)2
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(;r):':i,-)y9
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9(10,"iO>9
8;V.'(i2'>2
9i;.")(:7ri7
10i).".7Nl4
12i)211.')3
I'l'otal Value.
i Dollars.
'.*H!»7044
I 122.".(;>^.'")7
t 1132Hr,'j7
I l44177f;'J
, i(;<')4..7oo
, lHSl414(i
l.").V.M(;24
l'i704:<12
i.'i;<io;i27
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i770f.(;o'j
1(;h2:(.")(hS
2. Vi 05! If. 7
24 on. '■.4 84
2 'i") 024 10
27;<31042
3i;!(i8;?oo
Total., i;i72;)28i(; ii(;773889 :n.'')74iyo2
'■ ."■ — ■ ^rJ ~. ,* ,JJ ^JJ ^ — — ^^ .
iVo/e.— The sums marked with an asterisk denote the net
exports.
y^otf. — In this account, Madras and Bombay are converted
into sicca rupees, at the bullion rate of IO6.62 to 100.
Rs.
J' 100 Pieces=Mrs. 91.067 at 16 the Regn
100 Ditto =Mis. 91.0C7 at 17 the Baza
3 B. — TAIll.i; OF K.\STKtt.\ COINS.
[Prci)aied at the Assay Ollicf, Calcutta Mint, in
Xoveinlier, 1832, by 11. II. Wilson, Ks(| , Assay
Master.]
The following tables cuoiprisc tlie weight, standard,
pure contents, intrinsic value, and mint price of most
of the gold and silver coins current in various parts
of India, and of a few European coins iinjiortcd into
that country.
The weigiit and pure contents are expressed in
troy grains. The standard of the gold is valued in
carats, of the silver in pennyweights, and their res-
pective subdivisions ; a cpiartcr of a carat grain and
a half pennyweight being the lowest limit of valua-
tion. The relative standard, or the betterness and
worseness, has reference to tiie standard of the Cal-
cutta coins, which both gold and silver are composed
of 1 1 parts tine, and I of alloy ; or, in the terms of
the tables, the gold of 22 carats pure and 2 carats
alloy, and the silver of 220 pennyweights (lloz.)
fine, and 20 pennyweights {1 oz.) alloy.
The intrinsic value of the coins is the relative value
of their pure metal, as compared with the value of
the pure contents of the gold mohiir and Calcutta
rupee. The mint price is what they would realize in
the Calcutta mint, after paying any charges for rc-
finage, should such be necessary in consequence of
inferiority of standard, and a deduction from the nett
value of two per cent, as coinage duty.
The intrinsic value and mint price have been cal-
culated upon 100 pieces of each Icind of currency, as
the most convenient mode of expressing their valua-
tion. The silver coins are valued in rupees ; the gold
in gold mohurs and decimal parts ; to determine the
value of these in rupees, it is only necessary, for the
regulation valuC; to multiply the mint price by 16;
for the Bazar price, by the price of the day; thus,
the first item of the gold table, or Ahmcdy Pagoda,
may be valued :
Rs. Rs, A. P.
rate=I4.'>7. 082 or per piece, 14 9 2
iate= 1548.139 or per piece, 15 7 8
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APl'l'NDIX IV.— ASIA.
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1819)
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AI'l'liNDIX IV.— AtilA.
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APPKNUIX IV.— ASIA.
TAHI.E Ol'" SILVKU COINS— coH/Jnucii.
NAME.
Sol)a<;i)iir
Sonats, Delhi
Ditto, Sabck
Sun from I to 19 .
Snnnfjnr
Ditto, Old .
Ditto, Now .
Siilnklii, Old .
Siiltnni
Sunnniiilln or Sinat
Surathi
Surat, I
Ditto, •->
Ditto, 3
Tlianna
Tiiuaslia, 1
Ditto, 2
Ditto of Lailakh .
Tola
ToiK'sliiilii
Toniliasliahi .
Triiiiiiiaie
Vi'iikiitn[iati .
Viziri
Vizirslialii
Zoollikar* .
Weight.
Standard.
Pure
Contents.
Troy
1 (■)(■) •
I7H•
177
I7'.l-
170
ir,7
I (M
i:.H
17i->-
i7;f
171-
i7(;-
17(V
17H'
17()'
■M
2M'
•lO'
172
in5
ICi'.)
17fV
172
ICiH
170
174
Ors.
1(00
:>7'.)
IIS
Odd
.'lOO
(■|!» I
7i;<
(;r><»
r.p
r)00
Coo
2r>2
:U8
soo
:<oo
100
000
210
125
>)00
.")00
72.'>
f.2:)
ooo
•100
Dwts.
Wo.
nr.
Hr.
Hr.
Wo.
Wo.
Wo.
Br.
Br.
l»r.
Hr.
Hr.
Hr.
Hr.
Wo.
Hr.
Wo.
Hr.
Wo.
24
l.-.i
lOi
If.
H
1C>
10 i
('h
10
i
ir.
1
o
2
,{
r)i
124
27
Wo.-2-lk
Wo. Hi
Hr. 8
Hr. II
Wo. 1 1 k
Wo. i;<
Wo. 17*
Troy (ir.s.
I3()':?02
17.'i.41(;
170\'i41
I7C. I3;t
I r> 1-28:1
I I2:<7r.
14.1 (".74
I49-7H.')
l(i')-4('ir>
|-);i-44;i
I(;:M)">7
17:i ('<:>!
ir.2'2!»9
lf)4-'.»44
i,'-).')i4;i
78-32",»
l.'i(')20
3s-7.'>0
138-,")0i»
i;i")-884
II'J 724
I(i7-Ci7".
ICC- 248
l4C>-4;)3
i4(;r)2r)
14702C.
Intrinsic
Vnliu' of 100
Mint
Price of 100.
U. A. P.
77 7 8
\)C,
100
8.'>
80
81
Hr>
'.14
DO
'.(3
'J8
1)2
'.).3
88
44
8
22
78
77
H'y
'.).'■>
!)4
83
83
83
I I
1.'')
1
1.1
14
11
o
10
3
II
4
12
3
8
14
4
11
3
I
.1
8
4
;>
11
II
11
II
C
3
II
1
2
5
1
2
h
3
9
10
!)
11
1
4
R. A, P.
74 9 8
97 11 t'<
9.5 J
1 11
9S
84
78
79
83
92
.'■. f.
9 2
3
5 .'■i
2 10
7
2 10
83 13 I
9 1 5 4
9C) II 10
90 G 7
91 14 2
8f. (■) <)
43 10 2
10 9 9
21 9 6
7.'-.
74
82 10
93 ('.
92 9
80 10
80 II
80 12
9 11
7 4
(■>
9
7
1
1
* See Uydcrahnd Coinage.
N. R. — The chief kinds of Hullion brought to the Calcutta Mint for Coinage are the following ;-
Calcutta Cake, or refined of the usual vahie of
Dacca Cake, or relinod, . ditto
Sycee or large China Lumps, relined, ditto
Ditto, small ditto
Ava Cakes, Dain,* ditto
Ditto Yowatncc, ditto
Hr.
Hr.
Hr.
Hr.
Hr.
Wo.
Value of 100 Sicca
Weight.
Intrinsic.
U.
15*100
98
12*
ir.
15
3
100
100
94
92
A.
3
15
f)
14
12
Mint Price.
R. A. P.
98 3 4
9f. 15 4
99 (■) 7
98
92 15 II
90 14 7
• There is no considerable variety in the value of the Ava Silver, and the cakes are coated with a nu'tiillii'
oxide, which separating on fusion, occasions a loss of 1 per ctiit or more, in melting,
TAHI.E OF COINS IN USE IN VARIOUS PARTS OF INDIA.
NEW COINAGE OF INDIA. I-OIIT WILLIAM, 9X11 SKeTKMllEU, 1837.
The honourable the governor general in council has resolved that the device of the new rupees, doiililo
rupee, half rupee, and quarter rupee, to be issued from the mints of India from and after the 1st Se|itemlHT,
1835, in conformity with act XVII of the same year, .shall be as follows: — On the obverse, the I lead of his
Majesty William the Fourth, with the words. — wili.ia.m iiii., kinc;. — On the reverse, the denoniliiiitinii ol
the coin in English an<l Persian in the centre, encircled by a laurel wreath ; and around the niniijin tlic
words. — East india company, 18:15. The new coin shall iie milled on the edge, with seriated or iiinisrlit
milling. The rupee shall measure in diameter one inch and two-tenths of an inch, or imr truth nf ti fi">l-
The diameter of the double rupee shall be one inch and u half; that of the hall' rupee, or fiiiht "'"'" /"'"'
shall be ninety-five hundredths of an inch ; and that of the (|iiarter rupee, or four (inna pirrc shall be thrw
quarters of an inch. These measures being severally the relative proportions to the rupee proviiUil in tho
Act aforesaid. The weight standard fineness and value of the new (or company's) rupee as defiiied iii tin'
act, are here repeated for general information. H'ritilit, I mo grains tmy, or mie tula. fUditdaril ti'iMv,
eleveii-twelltbs silver, one-twelflli alloy. I'ului', ecpial to the Madras, Hombuy, Furukhabad, and Sonnt riipio;
and to fifteen sixteenllis of the Calcutta sicca riijiee. The weights of the other silver coiiu, viz. the (loublo,
Mint
I'lice of 100.
U. A. l».
74 'J «
!»7 II <■'
<)■) I
i)S
1
11
84
3
7H
5
r
7'J
«)
10
83
7
'.tU
2
10
83
13
1
ill
S
4
<)(■>
11
10
'.•0
6
7
i»l
14
2
8f.
fl
9
43
10
2
10
9
9
21
9
5
7r.
9
11
74
7
4
82
10
93
fi
r.
92
9
9
80
10
i
80
11
1
80
12
1
Mint Price.
11.
A
P.
98
3
4
9C)
15
4
99
f.
7
98
92
15
11
90
14
7
iiitcil witli 11 mdnllii'
new rupees, dinihli'
the 1st St'iiteinlH'r,
rse, the lieiulcil'his
the ilenoniiiiiitioiioi
roiiml the miiiuiii tlu'
h serrated or iiiMii:lit
<nii' Ifnili of " /""'•
or I'ishI II mill iiii'if
pirir sliiill lie tluw
upee provided in Hk'
pee ns detiiieil in tlio
Sliriiildril i/'m"'!'.
ud.iuul Sonnt niprt';
oiiu, vi:^ the douWo,
Airi'.NniX IV.— ASIA,
141
Imlf, nnd qiinrter rujiees to lienr a due propoition thereto. Tiie governor uenend of Indiii in cmineil hereliy
dire<:tsthnt all nin<;istrates, eolleetors, and others, piddle olVieers, do pronuilf^ate this proeliiiniif ion Ihroiiijhoiit
their respective disfriets, and particularly to nolity to all money chancers, shrolVs, pptdars and ol hers, the
provision in the nforeaaid net. WIl., I8:t5, a^'ainst elippinc, tilint;, punchiiij;, <ir otherwise ih'l'aeins; the
new coin ; ns nil rupees, douhle, hall', or ipiarter rupees, so del'aced or injured, will he reeeivalile only as
hullion ; whereas l)y the act aforesaid, if neither cut, elip|H"d, marked, nor otherwise wilfully impaired, they
will he suhjeet to no hatta whatever, and will he veceivahle as n legal teiuler for their full value until ti\ey
may, 'oy gradual wear and circulation, have lost two per cent of tin ir original weiirht.
l'iilili\'lir(l hij nr.lrr of thr (lur. ilrii. of ludii in Cmniri/,
C!. A. ni'siuiv. Secy, to the Govt, of fnd'ui.
}hns:al Coiim. — 2 douhle— I single pysa ; 12 )iie small -I anna ; H'l annas -: 1 rupee; It'i rupees -_1 gold
niohur. Wlu'ii aceoimts are kept in sicca rupeis, they use the imagiuai y pie of twelve to an aima. Suiall
shells, called cowries, are also made use of for paying coolies, >S.e. which are nckoiied as follows, viz.: —
4 cowrie8=;l gunda ; 20 gundas— 1 pun ; 5 puns 1 anna. Hut these rates vary from time to time.
// compnrntivi' rieir of tin' ri'lnliin' niliir of the scn'ral ilfiioiiiiiiiilititix, !Xfiicr:iUij used in /,c.7i//ii!' iicroiinls. —
['I'hese statements down to p. 1 K'l, are derived from the Hoiuhay .Mmanack for 1838.)
100 Areot rupees
100 Honihay rupees
1 1 1 S(maut rupees
Siren eiii>ees,
9 ! I I 7 25 29
91 13 2 2ri 29
2") 1 1 22 90
A maund
21) seers
10
5
4
3
8 chittacks
4
2 .
1
The bengal Ba/ar mauiul is 1 1
jier cent, hetter than factory maund,
aiul is eipml to. ....
Ih.i.
i;. drs
dee.
t)
1 1 14
923
7 7
It'ifi
(1
3 11
733
1 i;i
3 I'll')
i'lirreiit riqires.
100 sicca rupees (Calcutta) are e(iiial to IK'i
1(10 Sonant rupees . . . .1110
100 Homhay rupees . . . . 110
100 Arcot rupees . . . lox o '
lliiziir or Siieitt trriiilit.t. — 5 sicca weights= I chittaek ; l("i ehiftacks= 1 seer; 31 seers— 1 maund.
The different ireiniit.i tiuile use if in t!ev!;(il, villi their rnhie in Siien ieeiu;hts. — 80 sieea weights^" I
Calcutta fnzar seer ; 80 sicca welghtsr- | Serampore seer ; 82 sicca Wv'ights ;- I looghly seer ; 8 I sicca weights
— I Benares seer; 9<i sicca \veights-=l l.ucknuw seer; 8 I sicca weights ~ 1 .Mivzapme seer; '.U\ sleea weights
— 1 Allahabad seer ; 72 sn. wt. 11 lunins 2 punus, II giinils. ,3 cow. 7t') dee. — I CaU'Utta factory seer. N.I5.
One sicca weight is ecpial to six drachms, ;">70ti(i decimal avolrdupoise weight.
Tlie Bengal Faetonj A/.nnd and its fnielionul parU, rediieeil to F.nixVtsh iiroi'-diipoise wei'^ht,
tweording to the stnndnrd reeeiredfrom Knroiie, 1837.
Ihs. oz. lies, dee
. 14 II 11 r.CiC.
. 37 5 5 3,33
. 18 10 10 Ml'<
. 9 5 5 333
.777 -iM
. 5 9 9 59;»
2 3 1111 733 and is eipml to. . . ' . . H2 2 2 3(;(;
I 1 13 13 hM '
(loldiind si/eer ireiij^hts. — 1 punkhos or (piarter graiii=l giam or dahn ; I dalms— 1 rutty; ("> 3-811is rutty
= 1 anna; 8 rutty = 2 iv.assa ; 100 rutty, or 121 massa or Hi annas-- 1 tid'i or sicca rupees; KiCil rutty, or
Ki, 28, 152 massa, or I7aintas=;| gold luohur. A gold nuiliur weighs 722 and nine tenths troy weight,
containing 187, C'l tine gold and 17,051 alloy. .\ sicca rupee weighs 7, II and two thirils ditto, coutaiiiing
I7.'i,928 tine silver and 15,993 alloy.
Clolh inensiire. — 3 corl)c= 1 angiiaUe ;
2 liaiit= 1 guz or yard.
I.iiiuid niensiire. — 5 sa. r. weii^ht of licpior— I chittaek; 4 chittacks ^ 1 poiiah ; liioiiahs — 1 seer; 11
seers = 1 maud ; 5 seers nuiko a pussaree, or measure ; m [uisarees or nuasures make 1 maund ; the covid in
doth measure is 9 inches.
l.iind ineiisiire. — I higgah makes 20 cottahs ; one cottah or l("i chittaek, 720 scpiare feet ; eight chittaek, or
half a cottah, 3(iO ditto ; 4 chittacks, or I pow, IsO scpiare feet ; 2 chittacks, or half a pow, 90 sipiare feet;
I ditto, 45 ditto; half ditto, 22.^ ditto ; (piarters ditto, 11', ditto.
(Iriiin measure. — 5 chittacks^ 1 koonkeo ; 4 kooiikees-- 1 raik ; 1 raiks-— 1 pally ; 2 pallies-- 1 soally ; ICi
soallies=l khahoon, or 10 niaunds.
lieekoniiig hy Ihe tale. — I particulars^ 1 gunda ; 5 gundahs, or 2 I particulars-; 1 cooree, or corgc.
Maduas — Accounts are ke()t in star pagodas, laiiams and cash ; and iii rupees, (piarters and aniins. 80
cash are e(pial to 1 fanam ; 42, 44, or 45 fanams ditto 1 star pagoda, tiovernmeut, the hanks, and the
houses of agency used to keep tlu'ir accounts at 42 fauains the star pagoda. The shops and bazars at 14 or
4.'). The public accounts are now kept in silver rupees, ipiarters and annas.
Mai..\( CA. 'J'alde of inoneij. — 1 Japan copand, stamped- 10 Dutch or Spanish dollars; 18 tangoes
orskillnigs=l Dutch dollar ; 10 (lltto=2 Spanish dollar; 4ditto=l stiver; (istivers^-T skilliiig; 8 skil-
lliigs=:l rix-dollnrs; 13 ditto=-l dueatooa ; 10 ditto— 1 JMiglish crown; 5<lltto:-l liomhay or Surat rupee;
4 dltto=l Madral rupee; 3 ditto--- 1 Arcot rupee. N.15. Accounts are kept hi're in ri\-dollars, (an ima-
ginary com,) and all contracts for goods, bought or sold, are made in Dutch dollars, though ru|)ees, skil-
lings, double skyes, aiul doits are mo:;t current iii the shops or bazar.
(j'u/ii(n/i<4J/i'c)- (/•(•/■^'■/i/.s'.— 17 malns-i 1 huucal, or 19 10 and seven twelfths T. W. ; 20buncals=l catty,
or 2'J 15 1 1 and eight twellths S. \V.
Creiit leei'^hts. — 1() talcs— 1 cutty ; 100 cattics^l pecul, I351ti. av. wt.; 3pcculs=l behar.
I'niNcK OK Walks' Isi.a.nh. — 10 pice= 1 copoiig (imaginary); lOcopougs— 1 Spanish dolkir. Pico
should be pure tin; 15 pice arc 1 catty, or I 41b. Kuglidi. On the exchange of dollars in the bazar, tliere is
a loss of 2 per cent. On dollars without the King of Spain's head, there is a loss of 10 per cent., and in
gcneiul 5 or 10 on all dollars defaced.
3nngual;e=l gheriab ; 8 glierrics— 1 haut, or cubit, is inches;
,!; V),
i'i
'I i
... j
142
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
Tavoi AN'n Mkrcui. Cdiiia. — The ticnl and tin pice were the currency of Tavai and Mergiii, but tlio
former has been supcrscdi'd by the rupee. The rates of rupee and pice may be expected to vary, but the
followint; are now in use — 12 small pice=l large one, or kabean ; -10 kabean=l Madras rupee ; 44 dittos
1 sicca rupee; 8-<(litto-=l Spanish dollar. These are the same that are used throughout the Burmese Km-
piro, which are made at Avn, and distributed to the provinces. 'I'hey chanj^e their shapes upon the accession
of a new king. The present weights are called To idle, or lion weights, as they represent that animal
according to the liermaii conce])tion of it Those of the last reign are termed Hiinmt ttlle, being made in the
shape of the llnnsn, or goose. The weight of both kinds is the same. No. 1 to = 20 ticR^ls ; No. 2 to= II)
ditto ; No. 3 to=4 ditto ; No. i to = 2 dittn ; No .') to \\ Madras rupee 22.'> grains ; No. C\ \.o = \ Madras rupee
and J annas. The division of the tical — 2 tables I tikal ; 2 tamiiu)o=l mat. ; 4 mat. 3=1 tikal ; 100 tikal
= 1 tabisa or viss; 100 tiibisi = l piiya or ava jiical, or2.'>() Penang catties.
Mfii.iinrs. — 2 nechi teden — 1 temdaum ; 1 00 tabisa = 1 teiya or eoyan. The tendaum is a basket, by which
alone grain is measured. It is equal to IH viss or 40 penang catties. The measure of length is the cubit, of
which there are two sorts — the tendam of about 18 inches, and the saundaum of 22. The latter is termed
the King's Cubit, being used in measuring crown lands.
Wrights anu Mkasuuks. From tin' Ai'pfniUx tu the Itincninj oflf'cstcrn huliaof Captnin John Cluni's. —
Throughout India, and |)articularly the Deccan, a very consiileriihle diversity prevails not merely in every
district, but in every village, in measures, whether of weight, length or capacity ; nor are the sub-divisions
to be found in a determiiuite proportion of each other. To whatever this may be owing, whether to the
want of a conunon or universal standard in former times, the decay, or abrasion of the measure and weights,
the knavery of the owners of them, or to the apathy or connivance of the native district authorities, is prd
bably immaterial, hut the jire^cnt ill defined system must be felt by all the class of buyers as a hardship, ami
they doubtless would be grateful for any benetieinl amendment.
There are three kinds of weights in use in India; the tirst are for weighing drugs, gold, silver, &c. ; the
second for all bulky articles; and the third for pearls and precious stones.
Those of the first class seem to be founded on the weight of a tola throughout India, and the tola, under
most governments, seems to form with the rui)cc, or princiiml current coin of accounts in towns. The
weights generally are of iron or lead, sometimes in a determinate form, l)ut ol'tener as a shapeless mass. In
many villages, however, the shopkeepers have only basalt stones as weights, which are met with in beds of
rivers. Indeed, when great weights arc recpiircd, they are generally made of stones, and under any circum-
stance, considerable advantage would be derived by the people, were the use of stones as weights prohibited
under severe enactments. The table of weights annexed will shew the great variety of the first class, and
the corresponding Kiiglish weights, which exist throughout Western and central India. Nor are the weights
at the Presidency less multifarious than they are in the interior. In the following 1ai)le of the various
weights by which goods are sold in Bombay, it will strike one as a singular incongruity, that, varying as
those weights do, with almost every variety of goods, and that, serving as such they must clog commeieo,
this system should be submitted to when the fact is known, that actually every article is weighed by one
weight, viz., the English avoirdupoise, afterwards reduced by calculation into the great variety of local
weights, which are merely nominal.
How much would it facilitate commercial operations, were the English weights the only ones actually in
use, substituted for those local ones that exist but in a name, and what an advantage would such afford the
stranger, in readily comprehending at once the value of goods, and simplifying his calculations. It is most
difficult to overcome native prejudice in favour of customs they have for generations been familiar with, yet
might not firmness on the part of European mercantile community in Bombay effect a change?
Bombay, Surat, Bengal, and Madras maunds
Of which
Of which
compared with the cwt. and pecul.
the cwt.
contains:
the pecul
contains.
lb. dec:
lb. dec.
lb- dec.
The Bombay maund of 40 Bombay seers - -
28
4
4,7(51
Ditto - - " 42 ditto _ _ -
29,400
3,809
4,535
The Surat maund - " 40 Surat seers - -
37,338
3
3,571
Ditto - - " 41 ditto - - -
38,2f)fi
2,920
3,484
Ditto - - " 42 ditto _ _ -
39,199
2,8.') 7
3,401
Ditto - - "431 ditto - _ -
40,3f)f)
2,774
3,303
Ditto - - " 44 ditto - - -
4i,or.f,
2,727
3,24C)
The Bengal factory maund of 40 seers - -
74,C.(16
^.-jOO
1,785
Ditto bazar - - " 40 seers - -
82,133
1,3(13
l,f)25
The Madras maund of 8 vis -
25
4,480
5,333
The Canton pecul of 33 3331b. cwt. 1,1 ;)0
47.') dec. ------
Bomhav candy of 20 maunds 40 seers -
_ _ _
.ir.o
5
Ditto " 21 - - ditto
- _ -
5.-)8
5,250
Ditto " 22 - - ditto
- _ _
ok;
5,500
Surat candy " 20 maund of 40 seers
- _ -
74f),CC6
6,r,c,6
i"\:**., c( .1 1 ,i:*.4.,»
784
821,133
7
7.333
~— ^'~ i-'lllO J I ClllLU — —
T'\;^4-., *< .1.1 .i:,.^.^
— — —
-^^^^ UHLU i- — — UILLU — —
Madras candy " 20 - - ditto
- - -
500
4,4 f)4
Mcrgui, hut tlio
vary, but the
)re ! 44 ditto =
e FJurniPso Km-
iii tlie accession
3iit tliat animal
iug made m tlie
, ; No. 2 tu=l()
■■\ Madias rupee
tikal; 100 tikal
)aslvct, by wliieli
1 is the cubit, of
alter is termed
1 Jiilin Cluni'x. —
merely in every
he sub-divisions
whether to tlie
lire and weights,
thorities, is |iro-
a hardship, and
silver, &c. ; the
J the tola, under
in towns. 'I'lie
pcless mass. In
t with in beds of
ider any cireum-
eights proliiliited
iC iirst class, and
r are the weiglits
e of tlie various
that, varying as
t clog coinnierco,
weighed by one
variety of local
ones actually in
such afford the
ions. It is most
'amiliar with, yet
ge?
which
pecui
ntaiiis.
;i,
dec.
,7(51
,5:^5
-.71
.1,484
:?,i()i
(,303
46
\JM
1,62.")
5,333
.'■),2;)0
iOO
f>/>M'>
7
7,333
4,404
APlMiNDlX IV.— ASIA.
143
The small irri'Tfit, commonly called gold-smith's weight, is either founded on the gooiij or ruttee, or the
mustard seed. The gooiij or ruttee is the small red seed, whether of the white or red species, of the ahrua
prirutdiiiis ; these seeds are very uniform in size, and the plant producing them grows wild all over India.
Two seeds, otherwise gooiij, make one waal, a weight represented by a seed of the Clicelur. This weight is
further sub-divided as follows: — two barley corns — 1 goonj and eight mu.->tard seeds — one barley corn, —
under different governments of India the total is composed of different proportions of the goonj, or of the
niossa. The Hengal tola being of 100 goonj, or 12.^ massa; the Malwa tola of yf. goonj, or 120 massa. The
Bombay tola of <.)2 goonj, or I U massa. Several districts in the Southern Concoii of 92 goonj, or 1 1^
massa; ',)0 goonj, or 11.^ massa ; and >M) goonj, or 1 massa. The pice of Kota in Malwa is equal in weight to
80 massa, so that from these we may hope to obtain something approaching to the common weight of the
massa or goonj, the fundamental measures of weight.
The weight of the Bengal inassa, in troy grains, is 1, ''),:■. 53, being I'JKtllfi troy grains, the weight of a Cal-
cutta sicca rupee, divided by 12.5, the number of massa in one tola. The weight in troy grains of the tola
in Malwa is 1 DO grains; which being divided by 12, (the number of massa in 1 tola,) gives 15,8333 troy
grains for the weight of the massa.
In ascertaining (says Major Sykes) the weight troy of a goonj with a hydrostatic balance, turning with the
tenth of a grain, the result was as follows ; — 32 seeds or goonj, weighed r)05 grains troy ; 10 seeds or goonj,
weighed 305 grains ; 8 weighed 15.1 ; and 5 (> seeds weighed 1052 grains, which would give an average
weight of 1,'.)14 grains troy for each sied ; 9(\ of these would make the tola e(pial to 1«3,753(') grains troy.
But as the seer weight of 80 rupees, 13,800 grains troy, is to consist of 72 tolas, the tola should weigh
l'.»l,riCfiG grains, instead of 1S3, 7530, affording sufficient evidence that the tola in use, like every other
weight, is below the proper standard.
Golihmith's weight in Guzcrat.
dwt. gr. dec.
1 ruttee \,\)\CA'> troy.
1 waal 5,7500
1 guddeeanna 3 20
6 chauls (grains of rice)
3 ruttee, or goonj
If) waal
2 Guddeeanna,or32 waal. 1 tola
7 ir.
I'eaii ircii^hts in Bmnha>j.
1 ruttee
1 waal ....
1 tank ....
1 tola ....
dwt.
.
.
gr. dec.
liu5l troy.
5,H53
22,f<24
ll>,2'Jt')
20 vassa .
3 ruttee
24 ruttee
32 waal .
Measures of eaiiriciti/. — Whether measures of capacity in India arc derived from those of length, agreealile
to the notions of many able theorists in ICurope, and in which they arc borne out by very ancient writings
among the Hindoos, or whether they were invented originally merely to save trouble in weighing grains and
licpiids, is a subject of inquiry for the philosopher. I am much inclined to the latter opinion, as far as regards
Western India, from observing that the same denominations refer to the measures of weight ns to the measures
of capacity, and so relatively, to the sub-division. In this case it seems to nit highly probable that the tonka
or tiikka, a small silver coin, current during the period of the Mogul supremacy, and in which the revenue
was collected and reckoned throughout the western provinces of their empire, and [larticularly in the Nizam-
Shahee's territories, was the foundation of the weights at present in practice throughout the Deccan. Seventy-
two of these tukkas go to tiv seer, which makes it nearly similar to the tola, and the now, tank or nine
tanks, is still a measure for ;. quids in veiy general use. The clietak, or si.\ tanks, is the 17th part of a seer
or weight in the Deccan ; but my inquiries regard the weights tliat are in use, and not those that have been.
The most popular of the actual measures of capacity are the nuotank, the seer, the pusceree and the
Adliolee.
Dry measure. The adhnlee. — The dry measure, called adliolee, of two seers, which is the largest in use in
the Deccan, is in towns and large villages made of wood, turned in a lathe and lackered. It is in form
nearly similar to that of an hour glass, and a 4 seer, '{ seer, and 5-Htlis seer resemble it in form and lacker-
ing. In the small villages where the dealers are poorer, these measures are made from large bamboos,
sawed through at the joint.
The adliolee in the Northern Konkan consists of 3i and 4 kiitcha seers, and the number of adholees to the
kakuni niaund varies in dillerent towns in the Collectorate from 17 to 21. W'here the 4 seer adliolee
obtains there the mauiid contains 20 adholees ; and where the adholee is 3.V seers, there the maund consists
of 24 adholees; so that the adliolee and not the maund differs ; the 17 adholees measure is perhaps confined
to S.dsette. The Kokuiii and Arabia candy are both in general use in this Collectorate ; the iirst consists of
seven niaunds, the other of eight niaunds. The catti, or ')eccan candy, is also in use, and is used for mea-
suring salt.
In most countries south of the Nerbudda grains are sold by measures, but in selling the flour a measured
seer of grain is put into one scale, and the flour weighed against it.
In countries north of the Nerbudda there seems to be no dry measure of capacity, and every thing is there-
fore sold by weight, 'ibis appears also to be the case in most of that Nizam's districts adjoining those of
Aliiuediiugger. The introduction of measures into the Deccan appears to be of a late date, but on what
principle they were constructed it is difficult to conjecture. The solid contents of a seer a capacity is widely
diti'erent from a seer of weight throughout the Collectorship of both Poona and Abmednuggcr ; the first
filled Willi the grain bajree, varies from 108 to \2Q rupees, while the other weiglis about 80 rupees or 73 tola
and 4 massa.
The pusseree or punj-serre. — There is a measure as well as weight termed pusseree or punj-seree, both
occasionally met with in the Deccan, but the former is in general use in the Nizam's country. It ought to
m
,:<: ')
m.. .-i
144
AITENDIX IV.— xVSIA,
contain five seer as the name imports, but it varies so much, arising either from ignorance or fraud in tlie
construction, that it occasions very general coni|)laint.
In Guzcrat tiie puiijserec is in lact hut the representative of weight, but its cubical contents arc ascer-
tained througii the medium of a variable standard, tliat is, one species of grain rice in the rash which is
liable to (luctuation according to the varying weight of the kind of corn in different soils and seasons.
The large dry measure in Bombay for salt is the para, containing 10^ adholee, whereof 100 make an anna;
one anna is eipial to 2i tons, and l,(iUO para, or Ifi annas, niaku one rash, or 40 tons. The para measure
when used is struck off even with the riin by a rod made for the purpose.
The small dry measure for grain is the seer, whereof four make one puheelec ; 17 puheelees a para; and 8
para a candy. Butty or rice in tlie husk is reckoned by moora of 2.'> para.
Till' aniiii Khumh'c in the roonali districts consists ot 20 niun, each mun 12 puheelee, but sometimes of
Ifi puheelee ; and each puheelec of 2 adholee ; each adholee of two seers. The sub-divisons of the seer are
3-8ths, 2-Hrils, l-4th. The pulla is a measure of capacity, the contents of which weigh 120 sers of 80 An-
koosey rupees the seer; or rather it is the representative of the weight called pulla. The puheelee at
Rhecma, Shunkurs, Neelsec, and some other i)laces bordering the Konkon, consists of 3:{ seer only, instead of
four. The mun therefore of 12 iniheelee at these places consists of 42 seer instead of 48 dry measure.
Liquid iiird.siirc. — The liquid measu'e is used in the Decean and Concan, by the oil tellers and spirit dea-
ler.; ; the measures used are of biass >-r iron, coniinonly in the form of a truncated cone. Like the other
measures, the alicpiot parts will be found irregular, or varyiijg from truth. Milk in our camps, and indeed in
large towns, is sold by arbitrary measures, but they should, properly, be regulated by the seer weight of 80
rujices.
Oil, milk, ghee and spirits arc weighed in the Southern Konkan with a seer of 28 tolas. The vessel in
which they are contained being previously weighed, and the weiglit thereof deducted. The liijuids are also
vendi'd by weight throughout Guzerat, but the oil and spirit dealers' measures constructed on the principle
of their solid contents, being eijual to the weight they are intended to represent, hence measures must vary
with the speeilic gravity of the articles.
Throughout the Northern Khonkan every talook seems to have its own oil or liquid measure ; it seeins,
however, to have been originally framed to contain a portion of oil, which would weigh one Kutcha seer.
When oil is h(n'ght for retail, 4,') seers arc reckoned to iho maund.
The liquid seer measure used in Bombay for sjiirits, arrack and milk is equal in weight to 50 rupees, or
lib. lOoz. Tdwts. 12grs. troy. The maund consists of ')() of these seers, and the seer is sub-divided into half
seers, quarter seers ; and th(> latter into two measures called nou-tanks, or nine tanks, tukka. Tlie measure
of oil corres|)onds with the maund of 28lb, tliat is the contents weigh that, and the contents of the seer
consequently weigh 11. oz. dwt.
L(j7is: Mi'iisuif. — The measures of length are the Khathee, the Guz, and the cubit. The first is only used
as a land measure, the other two are n.ore used by artificers, and sometimes in measuring piece got, lis,
cloths, silk, &c., are not sold by the piece. In most of the provinces under this Presidency, the Guz is
divided into 20 tussoo. In Guzerat it measures 21J> inches, making the cubit of 14 tussoo, equal to 111.2')
inches. At Bombay and in Malabar it is 28 inches, and the cubit 19. (> inches. In the Deeean, the Doonti,
the Southern Kmikan, and Surat, and also in Cutch, the Guz is divided into 24 tussoo, but of a greater
variety of length, and the cubit into 14 tussoo. The Peishwa's Guz, which is in use in the public depart-
ments at Poonab, is 33.86 Inches. At seven of the principal towns in the Dooab, the Guz varies fiujn
31.7.') inches to 34.7") inches, and broad cloth, velvet, chintz, and other articles of luiropean manufacture are
measured by it An average accurately taken at 12 of the chief towns in the Southern Kunkan, makes the
Guz 33.438 inches, and the cubit rr)08 inches.
In Surat the Ciuz used by tailors is 27.8, and by artificers 24 inches. In Cutch the Guz is divided into
24 tussoo, and measures 2(1. ") inihes. The length ot the cubit however, almost everywhere, is usually
determined by the mean length of five dillV'ient men's arms measured from the elbow to the end of the miil-
dlc finger : turbans, &c. are suld by tliis measure, but it is seldom met with out of Surat, as a measure, un-
less with tailors: purchasers usually by their own arm's length. The English yard is in conuuon use at
Bombay in measuring Europe manufactures, and indeed in many places in the interior.
Siijierjicidl and Sulid Mt'diiiii's. — Superficial measures for the measurement of land. Solid measures for
ascertaining the quantity of timber, and many kind of artificer's work are obtained from the same data as
the measures of length.
Artificer's Work. — In superficial measurement throughout Guzerat, Dcccan, Konkan, and at the Presi-
dency, the reckoning is made by 100 in length, whetlier Guz or Cubit by one in breadth. This rule applies
also to tlie manufacture of carpets, mats, &c.
M/isonry is calculated by the brass, which is 2.5 cubits in length by one in breadth, and one in height.
The cubits in use among masons in Bombay is 23 inches, (being 4 longer than the timber Guz) so that a
brass of masonry contains, 1 1.').74 cubic feet.
Timber is measured by the Guz, and the rule for determining the contents is, by the square of the quarter
girt multiplied into the length. A sawyer's Guz is 32 inches in ' .igth and 9 inches in breadth ; 329 l)y=
288 square inches, 2 square feet.
Bombay ami Cannra Measurement of Timber and Plunk. — Timber ; 20 visvassa make 1 vassa — 20vassa 1
covit or candy. Plauk is measured by the guz of 28 English inches, or 24 borels. 24 borels in length, l:i
borels in breadth and 1 borel in thickness, make a guz. A burel is equal to 4,fi()f) English inches.
Malabar Measurements. — Timber is measured by the candy or covit — IG moganies make I borel — 24 borels
1 koll ; 24 kolls 1 covit or candy. Plank is measured by the guz — thus 10 moganies make I borel — 'ii
borels in breadth, 24 borels in length, and 1 borel in thickness, constitute a guz.
English and Bombai/ Measurement in tlie Dock Vurd. — Timber — 12 cubical feet, and 1,216 inches inake a
covit or candy — 3 covits and 18:j vassa make I ton or .lO cubical feet. Plank — 26 cubical feet, and 206 iiicliH
—make lOO guz — (the quantity in wlifch plank is bought and sold.)
The Land
called a gun
Of five an
Of five cu
Of five cu
The lengt
length of the
used being s
Ma
Me
Tas
Na|
Dhi
Ma
PitI
Net
Ooi
Knj
Ave
Ave
The
The measui
1. I
2. &
3. r
4. £
5. V
The Cathee
Fror
In Goojerat
Hpiare of one
It may be oli
rat, are corrup-
On the west(
square of one c
It is customa
measure the lai
quickly over to
ticial content —
rope, which give
The followir
ir fraud in the
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA, 145
Land Measure-
[Extracted fiom Captain Thomas Jen in' s licfwrt.)
The T.niul Measures are as follow : — ^Tlie standard rod of five cubits lengtii used througliout Gujerat
called n guntlin, also a ' bans,' sometinics a ' moiila,' and sonietiiiics a ' wussa.'
Of five and a half cubits length in the Deccan, called a cathee.
Of five cubits, and live innoshtccs (or palms breadth) in Mahva, al«o called ciithee.
Of Five cubits and five tnooshtees for pnlms-breadth) in the Kniikan, also called cathee.
The length of the several measures, obtained by Major Williams hereunder specified, led me to fix the
length of the hustu, or cubit, at about 1'.).3 or 19.4 inches, — the districts in which the shorter measures are
used being so small in comparison of the districts, in which the largo measures are used.
In. dec. In. dec.
MaltnrPurgunna, a bamboo ----- <)(').,?.') - - 1<J.27
Moonda, do. do. - - - - - ;»4.7'> - - 1H.<J7
Tasra, do. - . . - . oi.t;.-, . . 18 33
Nappa, (the Pitlad Cutcherry standard) - - - 97. - - 19.40
Dholka Purgunna, a bamboo ... - <)4. . . 1880
Mahmoodabad standard ..... 98.35 - - 19.97
Pitlad Purgunnah, Cutcherry standard ... 77. . . 19.4
Nerind, do. - . . . - - 97. - - 19.4
Oomrcit Kusba, do - . . - - - 97. - - 19.4
Kuppurwunj Pergunna - . . . . <)7, . . 19,4
Average length of a guntha in Guzerat - - - 96.02
Average length of a cubit in Gnzerat . . . . .
The length of a hustu eciual to one-fifth of Od. 02 inches ...
The measure of a cubit described also by Major Williams, are as follows : —
1. Ilingalla, Broach Pergunna ......
2. Muzmoodar's measure .......
3. Dewalla Patells Jumbooseer Purgunna . - - - -
4. Desaees of the Dehcj Purgunna --.-..
5. Patells of Roza Tunkaree, Amod Perguriiia ....
Average length of a hustu or cubit
The Cathee measures obtained from the dittercnt parts of the southern Konkan, are as
In. dec.
From the Sanksee Prant equal - - - - 113. - -
,, Ouchitgurh - - - - 111. - -
„ Razpooree ..... 112.7r) - -
,, Soowurndroog - - - - 112. - -
,, Anjunwell ..... 112.7.') - -
„ Rutnagiri ... - - 113,6C. - -
,, Viziadroog . . - . . 114.2 - -
„ Rygurh - - - ^ - 112. - -
Salsee - - - - - 112. - -
19.2044 inches.
19.2044 inches.
In. dec.
19.2
19.
19.4
19. .5
19.2
10.26
follows —
In. dec.
19.37
19.03
1932
19.21
19 32
19.07
19.58
19.21
19.37
112.373
Average length of the Cathee
Average length of a cubit ----- 19.205
In Goojerat the bhcega, or veega it is sometimes pronounced, is ecjual to the square of 20 gunthas ; the
sqviare of one guntha being termed a wusvvassa. 22 \vuswassa=:l wassa ; and 20 wassa=l bheega.
It may be observed here, that the terms wussa and wuswassa, so generally used in all measures in Gooje-
rat, are corru])tions of beeswa and beeswansa, meaning the twentieth part and twenty-twentieth.
On the western side of India the bheega is etiual to the sujicrficial contents of a square of 20 cathees ; the
sq\iarc of one cathee is called a poluh. 20 pohdi^I pand ; 20 pands = l bheega; and 120 pands = l chaoor.
It is customary in the Konkan to reckon 23 i)and equal to one bheega, and the mhars, whose oflice it is to
measure the land, do not lay cathee or measuring rod on the ground, but raise the one end up, and pass it
quickly over to the supposed place of the other end, which gives a much less quantity than the true super-
ficial content — this last custom is also observed in Goojerat ; but in the Dcccan, land is measured with a
rope, which gives the true contents.
The following is by the late Byram Rowles, Es(i. of the Bombay Civil Service, from whose abilities in
Revenue Matters, we may infer it to be very correct.
1st. — Acbar Shah's bheega (on the authority of Mr. Colebooke) 3,025 sipiare yards. 2d. — Sashtee or
salscttp bheega (on the authority of Mr. Duncan) 3,927 square yards. 3d. — The bheega of the Neriad Cusba,
(by marks on the Chuklasc Hhagul Dhurumsala) 2,994 square yards 4 feet. 4th. — Supi)0sed extent
of the large bheega throughout the Neriad villages, 2,500 square yards. 5th. — Small bheega of Sulamec, land
positu tenures, as well as the wusecfa, and other lands, not fully assessed, 1,000 sipiare yards. 0th. — Bheega
of the western division of Gujerat, comprising grassia tenures, 1,600 scjuare yards. 7th. — Turab of Maho-
nicdan law, 1,000 square yards. 8th. — Kaira bheega, according to the patells rods, 3,404 square yards.
'Jlh.— The Bengal bheega, 1,600 square yards.
!' ' . '>b:\
• 1 ' ■
"i ■ . ^'i'
m
n
ii !
I! «
14C APPENDIX IV.—ASfA.
Fiom Colonel Monier Wiani's Memoir, kc.
The proportions between the different land measures of this country and England, are illustrated as follow :
Yards. Feet. Inches.
In an English ptatute acre ..... 48 10
In a standard koonihliH (f the .lumhoosnr, Amod, nnil Dclicj Purgunnas . 4011 20
In a standiird lihccsra of the llaroclic, I'nklisnr, and llaiisot I'lirj^nnniis . 2477 7 M
In a stiinda'd hhecga of the Adnicdiihnil, K;iira and Surat cnllittorates . 'JK14 4
'i'l)ere ari' various modes of rocUoniniT land in the Dccean, hut they are all fomided on the hheega, mca-
Eurinfr in Ruperficial contents, KlOeatlue of.*") cuhlts and .'') ])alnis-hiiad'fh. In the I'ooiia districts 10 hheega
=rl l!iK)l<a ; IH hheega — 1 tukka : a chaiidy contains troni liO to 3."i hlicc^as ; and a niun or niaund of hind is
tlie twentieth jiart nf a khandy. In Klinndis ami in many of the Adnn dnufr^ur district'^, 4 l)liee)j;as = l |nir-
tun, and SO hheef;a= 1 donree. In tlic Dlinrwnr /illali, a koorge is as nmcii land as can he sown with a drill
plough in one day, consequently varying from 2 to H hheega.
'.■■ t'.
EAST INDIA COMPANY'S CHARTER, ln3:{.
An Act for effecting an Arrangement with the Fast India Company, and for the better Government of lli^
Majesty's Indian Territories, till the Thirtieth Day of April One thousand eight hundred and lll'ty.
four. " [-JKth August 183:/.]
\Vhcreas hy an Act pn?=rd in the Fifty-third Year of the Reign of His Majesty King George the Third,
intituled an Act lor continuing in the East India conijiany for a further Term the Possession of the Hrilish
'J'erri'ories in India, togetl'.er with certain CNeliisive Privileges; for estahlishing further Regulations for the
(iovernmeiit of the said Teriitorics, and the het' Administration of Justice within the same; and lor
regulating the Tr.-.de to and Ironi the pdaces \vi' . the Limits of the said Company's Charter, the I'os-
Fo-sion and Giivernmcnt of the Piritish Territories m India were continued in the United Company of Mcr-
chants of England trading to the East Indies for a Term therein n.entioned : And whereas the said company nrc
entitled to or claim the l.indsliips and Islands of St Helena and Roinhay under gi-nnts from the crown, and
other jiroperty to a large amount in value, and also certain rights and in-ivile(lii"s not, ntfected hy the deter-
niinatiiin of the term granted hy the said recited act : and whereas the said company have consented that
all till ir rights and interests to or in the said territories, and all their territorial and commercial, real and
jiersoml assets and property wluitsiuver, shall, sulijec'' to the debts and liahilities now affecting the same,
be placed at the disposal of |iarliament in consideration of certain p.'ovisions herein-aiter mentioned, and
have aUo consci;ted that their right to trade for their own jn'olit in common with other His Majesty's subjects
he suspended during such time as the government of the said tei.i'- -''"-. shall he confided to them : and
whereas it is exjiedient that the said territories now under the government of the said company he con-
tinued nndei' such government, hut in tru^t for the crown of the united kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, and divchargcil of all claims of the s;iid con;pany to any profit therefrom to their own use, except
the dividend herein-after secured to them, and that the property of the said company he continued in their
jiossession and at their disposal, in trust for the crown, for the service of the said goverriment, and otiicr
purposes in this act mentioned : he it therefore enacted hy the king's most excellent Majesty, hy and with
the advice and consent of the lords spiritual and temi)oral, and commons, in this present parliamrnt as-
sembled, and hy the authority of the same, *hat from and after the twenty-second day of April one thou-
sainl eight hundred and thirty-four the territorial acquisitions and revenues mentioned or referred to in
the said act of the fifty-third year of his late Majesty King George the Third, together with the jiort and
island of Bombay, and all other Territories now in the possession and under the government of the said
comi>any, except the island of St. Helena, shall remain and continue under such government until the
thirtieth day of April one thousand eight hundred and fifty-four; and that all the lands and hereditaments,
revenues, rents, and profits of the said company, and all the stores, merchandize, chattels, monies, debts, and real
and personal estate whatsoever, except the said island of St. Helena, and the stores and property thereon
herein-after mentioned, subject to the debts and liabilities now afiecting the same respectively, ami the
benefit of all contracts, covenants, and engagements, and all rights to fines, penalties, and forfeitures,
and other emoluments whatsoever, which the said company shall be seised or possessed of or entitled unto
on the said twenty-second day of April one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, shall remain and be
vested in, and he lield, received, and exercised respectively, according to the nature and quality, estate and
interest of and in the same respectively, by the said company, in trust for his Majesty, his heirs and sue-
cesbors, for the service of the government of India, discharged of all claims of the said company to any profit
or advantage therefrom to their own use, except the dividend on their ca[)ital stock, secured to them as
h'rein-after is mentioned, subject to such powers and authorities for the superintendence, direction, and
Pfntrol over the acts, operations, and concerns of the said company as have been already made or provided |
by any act or acts of parliament in that behalf, or are made or provided by this act.
2. And be it further enacted, that all and singular the privileges, franchises, abilities, capacities, powers.
authoriti
provision
act of the
other the
w'liatsoev(
to the sail
any of the
all powers
now have,
soever, sul
day of Ap:
3. i'rov
sand eight
Cliina, and
George the
4. And I
day of Apr!
their mercl
cial assets,
not be retai
on account
shall becom
cident to th
before direc
•■). Provid
from selling
such goods £
(i. And b(
perintend, d
before direct
into money,
and to contrc
cial branch o
the said com
board shall a
winding up o
ances as his
cullor of the
company, as
7. And be
of any person
any such per
who may froi
tions, superai
after mention
or allowances
sation, supera
parliament.
8. Providec
jwrliainent in
siiperannuatic
oHieers as ma'
9- And be i
d.-ed and thirt
the said comj)
all sums of nu
sand eight hui
covenants, cor
the samr day ;
f'cs, and all ji;
of the said ten
'heir own use,
company, shal
10. Provide!
ritories shall b
'he same suits,
debts and liabi
S'lhject and lia
'he said proper
"■ And be
"y the said coi
cfntmn per am
rnted as follow :
reet. Inches.
20
7 fi4
I 4
the hhcpga, men-
istricts 10 hhcrca
• niaiind of hiiul is
. blieei;as=l inir-
sowii with a drill
riovcrnmcnt of Hi-
luimlred and fil'ty-
>H\.\\ August 183:).]
; George the Third,
ision of the British
Regulations for the
the same ; and for
•s Charter, the I'ns-
:d Company of Mir-
hc said company arc
Vom the crown, and
Vected hy the detcr-
havc consented that
lommercial, real ami
' affecting the same,
ifter mentioned, and
is Majesty's subjects
nfidcd to them : and
1 company he con-
f Great Britain and
heir own use, except
ie continued ii> tlieir
vcrnment, and otlitr
lajesty, hy and with
esent'parliamrnta?-
I of April one thou-
ed or referred to in
r with the port and
vernmcnt of the said
overnment until the
and hereditaments,
^onies, debts, and veal
md property thereon
•cspectivcly, and the
;ies, and forfeitures,
■d of or entitled unto
shall remain and be
id quality, estate and
:y, his heirs and sue-
.mpany to any prolit
secured to tliemas
lence, direction, and
Jy made or [irovided
s, capacities, powers,
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
147
authorities, whether military or civil, rights, remedies, methods of suit, penalties, forfeitures, disabilities,
provisions, matters, and tluTigs whatsoever granted to or continued in the said united company by the said
act of the fifty-third year of King George the Third, for and during the term limited by the saitl act, and all
other the enactments, provisions, matters, and thirics contained in the said net, or in any <ither act or acts,
whatsoever, which are limited or may be construed to be limited to continue for and during the terju granted
to the said company hy the said act of the fifty-third year of Kins; G^'orge the Third, so fiir as the same or
any of them arc in force, and not repjaled by or repugnant to the enactments hereinalter contained, and
all powers of alienation and disposition, rights, franchises, and immunities, wliieb the said uuiteil company
now have, shall continue and be in force, and may be exercised uinl enjoyed, as a^uinst all peisim. whom-
soever, subject to the superintendence, direction, and control herein-befuru mentioned, until the thirtieth
day of April one thousand eight hundred and filtyfonr.
3. Provided always, and be it enacted, that from ami after the said twenty-second day of April one thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-four the exclusive right of trading with the dominions of the Kmpemr of
Cliisia, and of trading in tea, continue^ to the said company by thj s.iid act of the tll'ty-lhird year of King
George the Third, shall cease.
4. And be it enacted, that the said company shall, with, all convenient si)eed after the said twenty second
day of April one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, close their co;nmercial business, and make sale of all
their merchandize, stores, and etfects at home and abroa;), distinguished in their account books as eominer-
cial assets, and all their warehouses, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and property whatsoever wlilch may
not be retained for the pnriioses of the government of the said torritories, anil get in all di'bts due to them
on account of the commercial branch of the all'.urs, and reduce their conimercial estublisliments as the same
shall become unnecessary, and discontinue ami abstain from all commercial business which shall n:)t be in-
cident to the closing of their actual concerns, nnd to the conversion into money of the property herein-
before directed to be sold, or which shall not be carried on for the purposes of the said government.
.'■>. Provided always, and be it enacted, that nothing herein contained shall prevent the said company
from selling, at the sales of their own goods and merchandize by this act directesl or authorized to be m.ide,
such goods and merchandize the property of other persons as they may now lawl'uUy sell at tlieir public sales.
f). And he it enacted, that the board of commissioners for the all'uirs of India shall have fall power to su-
perintend, direct, and control the sale ofth;^ said inerchandizc, stores, and etl'ects, and other property herein-
before directed to be sold, and to determine Irom time to time, until the said property shall l)c converted
into money, what parts of the said commercial establishments shall be continued and reduced respectively,
and to control the allowance and payment of all claims upon tliO said company connected with the conimer-
ciftl branch of their atl'airs, and generally to superintend and control all acts and operations whatsoever of
the said company whereby the value of the property of the said company may be a!l'ected ; and the said
board shall and may appoint such ollicers as shall be necessary to attend upon the said board during the
winding up of the commercial business of the said company ; and that the charf^e of such sr.laries i>v allow-
ances as his Majesty shall, by any warrant or warrants under his sign manual, countersigned by the cluin-
cellor of tlic exchequer for the time being, direct to be paid to such otlicers, shall he del'rayed by the said
company, as hei'ein-aftcr mentioned, in addition to the ordinary charges of the said hoard.
7. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said eompany to take into consideration the chiims
of any persons now or heretofore employed by or under the said company, or the widows and children of
any such persons, whose interests may be atfected by the discoiitinuanee of the said company's trade, or
who may fror. tiinc to time he reduced, and, under the control of the said board, to arrant such compensa-
tions, superannuations, or allowances (the charge thereof *.c bo defrayed by the said company as herein-
after mentioned) as shall ap, .ar reasonable: provided always, that no such compensations, si. jcrannuations,
or allowances shall be grantci. until the expiration oi two calendar months after particular if the compen-
sation, su|)erannuation, or allowance proposed to be so granted shall have been laid b- .e both houses of
parliament.
8. Provided always, and be it enacted, that within the first fourteini sitting days after the first meeting of
parliament in every year there he laid before both houses of ])ailiament the particulars of all compensations,
superannuations, and allowances so granted, and of the salaries and allowances directed to be paid to such
orticers as may be apjiointed by the said board as aforesaid during the preceding year.
9. And be it enacted, that from and after the said twenty-second day of April one thousand eight hun-
dred and thirty-four all the bond debt of the said company in great Britain, and all the territorial debt of
the said company of India, and all other debts which shall on that day be owing ijy the said com])any, and
all sums of money, cost, cliarges, and expenses which after the said twenty-second day u( April one thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-four may become payable hy the said company in respect or by reason of any
covenants, contracts, or liabilities then existing, and all debts, expenses, and liabilities wli:;tever which afler
the sanir day shall be lawfully contracted and incurred on account of the government of the said territo-
ries, and all payments by this act directed to be made, shall be charged and ch irgeable u])on the revenues
of the said territories; and that neither any stock or ell'ects which the said company may hereafter have to
their own use, nor the dividend by this act secured to them, nor the directors or proprietcjrs of the said
company, shall be liable to or chargeable with any of the said debts, payments, or li.ibilities.
10. Provided always, and be it enacted, that so long as the possession and government of the said ter-
ritories shall he continued to the said company all pcisons and bodies poliric slndl and may have and take
the same suits, remedies, and proceedings, legal and e(piitable, against the said company, in respect of such
debts and liabilities as aforesaid, and the property vested in the said company in trust as aforesaid shall be
subject and liable to the saine judirments and executions, in the same manner and form respectively as if
the said property were hereby continued to the said company to their own use.
11. And he it enacted, that out of the revenues of the said territories there shall be paid to or retained
Ijy the said company, to their own use a yearly dividend after the rate (d' ten pounds ten shillings per
cetitiim per annum on the present amount of their capital stock ; the said dividend to be payable in (Jreat
limn
:- \H
H!i.:|it
14H
AI'PFNDIX IV.— ASIA.
I
Britain, I))' (iiiiiil lialt-yt'iuly |ii\ymtiifs, (in llii' sixlli iliiy »>! Jiiiiiiuiy niul tlu' sixth chy of July in ivciy
yi>nr , tlic lirst Imll'jtaily pMynuiit to he niudo on tho sixth ilny of July one tiioiisund i-if^ht hmulreil uinl
tliirty-liiur.
\\>. I'ldviiU'd nlwnys, anil 1)0 it I'imctrd, tlmt the sidd dividend shall he suhjeet to redemption liy ]i,ir-
linnieiit nimn and at any time after the thirtieth day of April one thou.sand eis;ht hundred and seventy-four,
on jiayinent to the eoinpany of two hundred poiuids sterling; lor every oiu' hundred pouiuls of the said eipi
tal stock, tof:ether with a proportionate part of the same dividend, if the redim|ition >l\idl take placi mi
any other day than one of the said half-yearly days of payment: provided also, that twelve months iiotiic
in writing, sij;nitied hy the speaker oi' the house of eonnnons hy the order of the house, shall bt' given to tlu'
said eonipany ol tlie intention of parliament to redeem the said dividend.
I,'!. I'rovidid always, and he it emuted, that if on or at any time after the said thirtieth day of April (inr
thousund eii;ht hnnilred and lil'ty four the said company shall, hy the expiration of the term herehy grantiil,
cease to retain, or shall hy the authority of parliament he deprived of the )iossession and f;overnment of
the said t( riitories, it shall he lawful for the said comjiany within one year thereafter to demiuul the re-
demption of the said dividend, and provision shall he made for redeeming the said dividend, after the r.ik'
aforesaid, within three years after such demand.
11. And he it enacted, that there shall he paid hy the said comi)any into the hank of F.ngland, to the nc-
count of the commissioners for the leduetion of the national ileht, such sums of money ns shall in tlu'
whole amount to the sun\ of two millions slirliu'^, with compound interest after the rate of thieu pnun !•
ten shillinf;s per centum per aniuim, computed half-yearly from the said twenty second day of April n;.,-
thousanil ei;;ht himdred and thirty-four, on so Uiueh of the said sums as shall from time to time n aiiuu
un|)aid ; and the cashiers of the said hnuk shall reeeivi- all such sums of money, and place the sau'e to ■,\
separate aceoinit \vi!h the said commissioners, to heeiitituled " the account of the security fund ol the liuliii
company;" and that as will as the monies so paid into the said hank as the dividends or interests wlmh
shall arise therefrom shall from time to time he laid out, under the direction of the said con\missioller^, in
the purchase of capital stock in any of the redeeniahle puhlic annuities transferahle at the hank ni
England; which capital stock so purchased shall lie invested in the names of the said conmiissionei-; on
account of the said security fund, and the dividi'uds payahle thereon shall he received hy the said cashiers ami
placed to the said account, until the whole of the sums so received on such account shall have amouiiUil
to the sum of twelve millions sterling; aiul the said monies, stt)ck, and dividends, or interests, shail he u
security fund for hotter securing; to the said coiniiany the redemption of their said dividend after tke rati'
herein-hoforp appointed for such redemption.
l,'). Provided always, and he it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said commissioners for the nific-
tion of the national debt from time to time, and they arc hereby recpiired, uiion rciiuisition made for tlmt
purpose by the court of directtus of the said comjiany, to raise and (lay to the said company such siiiiis nl
of money as may be necessary hir the payment of the said company's dividend by reason of any failunMir
delay of the remittances of the proper funds for such payment ; such sums of money to be raised by sale er
transfer or dej)osit by way of mort!;a!;e of a competent part of the said security fund, accordinj; as the siiiil
directors, with the approbation of the said board, shall direct ; to be repaid into the bank of luipland to tlio
account of the security fund, with interest after such rate as the court of directors, with the aiiprobatioii
of the said court, shall tix, out of the remittances which shall be made for answering such dividend, as aiul
when such remittances shall be received in Kngland.
1("). Provided always, and be it enacted, that all dividends on the capital stock forming the said security
fund accruing after the monies received hy the said bank to the account of such fmid shall have ammintni
to the sum of twelve millions sterling, until the said fund shall be apjilied to the redemption of thesiiiil
comjiany's dividend, and also all the said security fund, or so much theriof as shall reii ain alter the said divi-
dend shall be wholly redeemed after the rate aforesaid, shall be applied in aid of the revenues of thesaiil
territories.
17. And be it enacted, that the said dividend on the company's capital stock shall be paid or rotaiiioil
as aforesaid out of such part ot the revenues of the said territories as shall be remitted to (iieat Britain,
in preference to all other charges payable thereout in CIreat llritaiii ; and that the said sum of two niillioiis
sterling shall be paid in manner aforesaid out of any sums which shall on the said twenty-sceniid day of
April one thousand eight hundred and thirty-four be due to the said company from the public as and wlun
the same shall be received, and out of any monies which shall arise from the sale of any government stoik
on that day belonging to the said company, in preference to all other payments thereout ; and tliat, sulijal
to such provisions for priority of charge, the revenues of the said territories, and all monies wliiili shall
belong to the said company on the said twenty-second day of April one thousand eight hundred and tliiriy.
four, and all monies which shall he thereafter received by the said company from and in res|ieet of tho
liropcrty and rights vested in them in trust as nt'oresaid, shall be applied to the service of the goveriiincnt
of the said territories, and in defraying all charges and payments i)y this act created, or contirmed aiul
directed to be made respectively, in such order as the said court of directors, under the control of the
said board, shall from time to time direct; any thing in any other act or acts contained to the contrary
notwithstanding.
18. Proviiled also, and be it enacted, that nothing herein contained shall be construed or operate to the
prejudice of any persons claiming or to claim under a deed of covenants dated the tenth day of July one
thousand eight hundred an<l five, and made between the said company of the one jiart, ami the seviral
persons whose hands should be thereto set and atlixed, and who respectively were or claimed to he creditors
of his Highness the Nabob Wallah Jab, formerly Nabob of Arcot and of the Carnatic in the Kast Iiidios,
and now deceased, and of his Highness the Nabob Omduh nl Omrah, late Nabob of Arcot and ol' the Car-
natic, and now also deceased, and of his Highness the Ameer ul Omrah, of the other part.
1<.>. And he it enacted, that it shall and may he lawful for his Majesty by any letters patent, or by any
commission or commissions to be issued under the great seal of Great Britain from time to tiiiio to iiomi-
July in I'Virv
it humlrcil uiul
iiptioii by \n\-
[\ si'vciity-l'diir,
t' tl\l' Mlili C'lji
II tiiki' iilaci uii
> llUIMtllS until V'
be givi'ii to tlir
Iny of April our
luTi'by prniitiil,
I <;ovi'rnini'i\t ni'
(Ifiiuinil tlu' ]■<■■
1, llftl'l- till' T.\W
land, to tlio nc-
as sbnil in tlu'
1)1' tlni'u \)(Uiiii|s
lay t)t' April mw
J to tiiiH' ri'iiiiiin
ce tlu- sunt' ft) ii
U\ul Ol till' liuliii
r iiitiTcsts wliiiii
.)n\niis»iiiiui>, in
at tin.' bank tu
ominissioiu r'i im
sniil casbitts ami
il liavi" anuHiritnl
ercsts, sbail 1k' u
;nil alter tlu' rati-
■rs for tbo nilnc-
ion nuuli' for that
any sucb Minis of
of any failiiP' or
:; raised by salt or
prdins; as tlie siiiil
[of Knjilaml tii tlu'
tlic approliatiiia
dividend, as and
tbe said security
liave aniouiitiil
tion of Ibosiiiii
er tbe said divi-
nues of tlic said
paid or retained
to (ireat I5ntain,
(if two millions
itv-seeoiul dtiy ol
l)iie as and wliui
[ovcrnnient stock
ud that, siibji'ot
onies wliiih shall
indredand tliiriy-
i\ respect of the
the sovernnicnt
or contlrnied and
control of the
li to the eoiitraiy
or operate to tl'.o
dav of July one
and the several
ed to be creditors
tbe Kast Indies
jt and of tbe Car-
latent, or by any
to tiiiiC to lumii-
APPF-NDIX IV.— ASIA.
149
iiatc, constitute, and appoint, during pleasure, such persons as his Mnjcsty shall think tit to be, and who
shall accordinsly be ond be styled, eonunissioners for tbe olVairs of India; and evi'ry enactment, provision,
matter, and thini; nlatinj; to tbe coinniissioners for tbe all'airs of India in ony other act or arts contained,
'■() fat as the same are in force and not repealed by or rcpuirnant to tbi" act, Ghall de di:iiiiid and t.ikisi lobe
applicable to tbe commissioners to he nominated as alnrc'-aid.
•_'(). And !»' it enacted, that the lord president of the council, the lord privy seal, tbe first lord of the treasury,
the principal secretaries of stati', and the chancellor of the exche(pier for tbe time Ix ini; shall, by virtue of
their respictive ollices, be and tliey are hereby declared to be commissioners for tbe all'airs of India, in con-
junction with tbe persons to be nominated in any such connnission as atoresaid, and they shall liavc tlip
same powers respectively as if they bad bicn expressly nonunated in such comniissiun, in the order in which
they are herein mentioned, next after the I'onimissioner tirst named tlu'rein,
•2\. And be it emicted, that any two or more of tbe said comtnissioners shall and may form a board, for
cxeeutin}; tbe seviral powers whieb by this act, or by any other act or acts, are or shall be i^iven to or
vested in the commissioners for the all'airs of India; and that the i^ommissiiun'r tiist named in any such
letters patent or commission, for the time beini,', shall be the prt'sideiit of tbe said lioard ; and that when
any hoard shall be formed in tbe absence of the president, tbe commissioner next i:i order of nomination in
this act or in tiiesaid eouHuission, of those who shall be present, shall for that turn preside at thi' said board.
'J'2. And be it I'liaclid, that if the commissioners present at any boaid shall be rriually divided in opinion
with respect to any matter by them discussed, then and on every sueli oecaNinn tlu' pre iilent, or in his ab-
sence tbe commissioner acting as such, shall have two voices or llie c.istin;; vote.
■j:t. And be it enacted, that the said board shall and may nominate ami appoint two secretaries, and such
other otVicers as shall be necessary, to attend upon tbe said board, who shall be suliji'ct to dismission at
the pleasure of tbe said board ; and each of the said secretaries shall have the same powers, rifjbts, and
privilci^es as by any avt or acts now in force are vested in tbe chief secretary of the commissioners for the
alt'airs of India ; and that the president of tbe said board, but no other commissioner as such, and the said
secretaries and other olliccrs, shall be paid by the said company such fixed salaries as his Majesty shall,
by any warrant or warrants under bis sign manual, rountersii,'ned by the chancellor of tbe excbcfpicr for
the time being, direct.
J I. And be it enacted, that if at any time the said board shall deem it expedient to rerpiire their .se-
cretaries and other otlicersof tbe said board, or any of them, to take an oath of secrecy, and for ibe execu-
tion of the duties of their lespective stations, it shall be lawful for the said board to administer such oath as
they shall frame lor tbe purpose.
■J.T. And be it enacteil, that the said board shall have and be invested with full power and authority to
superintend, direct, and control all acts, operations, and concerns of the said company whicli in anywise
relate to or concern the goeernmiiit or leveiines of the said territories, (n- the i)ropcrty hereby vested in
the said company in trust as atoresaid, ami all grants of salaries, gratuities, and allowances, and all other
payments and charges whatever, out of or upon the said revcinics and property respectively, except as herc-
iii-after is mentioned.
L'i'i. And be it enacted, that the several jiersons who on the twenty-second day of April one thousand
eisjht hundred and thirty-four shall be commissioners for the affairs of India, and secretaries and otlicersof
such board of commissioners, shall ctmtinue and be commissioners for tbe all'airs of India, and secretaries
and olVicers of the said board respectively, with tbe same iiowcrs and subject to tbe same restrictions as
if they had been appointed by virtue of this act, until by the issuing of new patents, commissions, or other-
wise, their appointments shall be respectively revoked.
21. And be it enacted, that if, upon the occasion of taking any ballot on the election of a director or direc-
tors of the said company, any proprietor, who shall be resident within the I'nited Kingdom, shall, by reason
of absence, illness, or otherwise, be desirous of voting by letter of attorney, be shall be at liberty so to do,
provided that such letter of attorney shall in every ease express the name or names of the candidate or can-
didates for whom such proprietor shall be so desirous of voting, and shall be executed within ten days next
before such election ; and the attor;iey constituted for such purpose shall in every case deliver the vote he
is so directed to give openly to the person or persons who shall be authorized by the said company to receive
the same; and every such vote shall be accompanied by an atVulavit or allirmation to be made before a justice
(if the peace by the proprietor directing tbe same so to be given, to tbe same or the likeetl'ect as the oath or
nllirmatiou now taken byjjropriefors voting upon ballots at general courts of tbe said company, and in which
such proprietor shall also state the day ot the execution of such letter of attorney; and any person making
a false oath or atlirmation before a justice of peace for tbe purpose aforesaid sbnJ! be held to bixvc tlicrcby
committed wilful perjury ; and if any persi n do unlawfully or corruptly procure or sutjorn any other person
to take the said oath or allirmation belbre a justice of the peace as aforesaid, whereby he or she shall commit
sueh wilful perjury, and shall thereof be convicted, he, she, or they, for every such ofTence, shall incur such
pains and \)enaltiesag are provided by law against subornatic>u of perjury.
2S. And be it enacted, that so much of the act of tbe thirteenth year of the reign of King George the Third,
iittituled an act for establishing certain regulations for the better management of the aflairs of tbe Kast India
company as well as in India as in luirope, as enacts tl.at no person emjiloyed in any civil or military station
in the Kast Indies, or claiming or exercising any power, authority, or jurisdiction therein, shall be capable
of being appointed (V chosen into the otVice of director until such person shall have returned to and been
resident in Kugland for the space of two years, shall be anil is hereby repealed : provided, and if the said
court of directors, with the consent of the said board, shall declare such person to be an accountant with tbe
said company, and that bis accounts are unsettled, or that a charge against such person is under the con-
siileration of the said court, such person shall not be capable of being chosen into the office of director for
the term of two years after his return to Kngland, unless such accounts shall be settled, or such charge be
decided on, before tbe expiration of the said term.
2'.K And be it further enacted, that the said court of directors shall from time to time deliver to the said
If'
'JOe'l
m.
!l;'
, l!
i'
f ' ■
IftO
APPKNDIX IV.— ASIA.
1-
honnl coplps of nil ininutM, orders, resolutions, nnd procociliiin'* of nil courts of proprit'tors, general (irsi)u.
cinl, and of nil courts of directors, within eii;lit dnys alter the lioldinp; of such courts respwtlvtly, nnd also
rojiics of nil li'tters, advices, nnd despntehes wlintever which slinll nt any time or times he reciived hy tlic
»ni(l court of directorsornny conimillee of directors, nnd which sluill he nmterml to he couiinii.iicated to tlu'
snid honnl, or wliicli the said honrd shall from time to time rc(|uirc,
;t(). And he it I'nactiil, that no orders, instructions, <hspatches, ollicinl letters, or comuiunicutions wjint-
ever, relatiiif; to the said territories or the ;;overoincut thereof, or to the pro()erty or rights vested in tlu'
snid conipnny in trust as nforesnid, or to any public ma'tirs whatever, shall he at any time sent or ^ivi'M
hy the snid court ol diiectors, or any conuiiittee of the said directors, until the same shall have heen siih.
niitted for the consideration of and approved hy the said hoard; nnd for that purpose thnt copies of all
such orders, instructions, dispatches, ollicinl letters, or couununications which the snid court of dirt'ctoi ;,
or nny conunittee of the snid directors, shidi propose to he sent or i;iven, shall he hy them iireviously lail
heforo the said hoard, and that within the space of two numtlis after the receipt of such proposed oidir-,
instructions, dispatches, ollicial letters, or comiuunieations, the said hoard shall either return the same tn
the snid C(nirt of directors or committee of directors, with their npproliatiou thereof, signitied under Hi'-
hand of one of the secretaries of the snid hoard, hy the order of the said hoard ; or if the said hoard h. ill
disapprove, alter, or vary in suhstance any of such pruposed (U'ders, instructions, disiiatehes, ollicial liliir<,
or communications, in every such case the said hoard ^hall give to the snid directors, in writin;^', undi r the
hnnd of one of the secretnries of the said honrd, hy ordir of the snid honnl, their renson in respect tiareiir,
together with theirdireetions to the snid directors in nlation thereto; aiul the said directors shall nmlll,.,
are herehy re(piiri<l lorthwith to send the said ordeis, instructions, dispatches, ollicial letters, or conniiuiii-
cntiona, in the foiin nppioved hy the said hoard, to their proper di'stinations : provided always, thnt it -IkiII
be Inwful for the said hoard, hy minutes fiom time to time to he ninde for that purpose and entired im ilu
records of the said hoard, nnd to he conuniuiicati'd to the said court, to allow such classes of ordi.'r<, in-
strnctions, dispatches, ollicial letters, or communications as shall in such minutes he described to be sent ur
given hy the said ciiiirt without hnvinj; been previously laid before the said board.
.SI. AnrI he it enacted, that wlunevi'r the said court of dirictors shall omit to prepare and submit lor tli?
consideration of the said hoard any orders, instructions, dispatches, ollicial letters, or con\nuinicatio:\s, he-
yond the space (d' fourteen days alter reipiisition iiiade to th( in hy order of the sniil board, it shall and nmy
bc'Inwful to and for the said board to jrepare nnd send to the said directors nny orcKrs, instruction*, di,.
pntches, otlieial letters, or comiiinnieatious, together with their <lirections relatin;j; thereto; and the -aiil
directors shall and they nre hereby required l'ortl\willi to transmit the snme to their proper destinations.
'.Vi. Provided nhvnys, nnd he it enacted, that nothing; lierein contained shall extend or he constriiid (a
extend to restrict or prohibit the said directors from expressin;;, within fourteen days, by representutioii in
writintc to the said hoanl, such remarks, observations, or explanations as they shall think lit toucliiui; or
concernin{; any directions whii'li they shall receive from the snid board; and that the said hoard shall aiul
they are herehy required to take every such representation, nnd the several matters therein contained or al-
leged, into their consideration, and to i;ive sucli further (lirec'ions thereui)on as they shall think lit ami ex-
pedient ; which shall he linal and coiiclusive upon the said directors.
.S3. And he it enacteil, that if it shall apptnr to the said court of directors that nny orders, instruetiuns,
dispatches, ollicial letters or communications, except such as shall pa^s thromjli the secret committee, upon
which directions may he s-o given hy the said board as aforesaid, are contrary to law, it shall be in the piwir
of the said hoard nnd the saiti court of (lircetors to .^end a special case, to be airreed u|]()n by and between
them, and to he sigiu'' by the president of the said hoard and the chairman of the said company, to tinee or
more of the judges of his lMaie^ty's ( ourt of King's llench, for the opinion of tlio .-aid Judges ; and the slid
judges nre heieliy reipiired to certify their opiniuii U)>on any case so submitted to them, nnd to send a cer-
tificate thereof to the said president and chairman ; whiel\ opinn.n siiall he linal nnd eonclu.-ive,
;!1. Provided always, and he it eiiaitcil and declared. Hint the said board shall not have the power ol' iiji-
pointing nny of the servnnts of the said conijiany, or of directing or intirfeiiiig with the odieeis and sei\:;nls
of the said company employed in the home establishment, nor sliall it he necessary for the said court ol di-
rectors to submit for the consideration of the said hoard tlu"ir communications with the ulUcers or servauis
emjiloyed in their said home establishment, or with the legal advisers of the said company.
3.). And he it enacted, that the said ccnirt of directors shall from time to time appoint a secret comir.iiiei',
to consist of any numb.er not exceeding three tif the said ilirectors, lor the particilar piirpo.'.es in tiiis .ict
specified ; which said directors so appointed shall, beleire they or nny of them shall act in the execu'.ioii ul'
the powets nnd trusts hereby reposed in them, tnke nn oath of the tenor following; (that is to say,)
' I {A. B.) do swear, that 1 will, according to the best of my skill and judgment, laitlifully execute the se-
veral trusts nnd (lowers reiiosed in me ns a member of the secret committee nppointed hy the cinirt of
directors of the India Ci>m|inny; I will not disclose or make known any of the secret orders, iustriictijii?,
dispatches, ollicinl letters or communications which shall be sent or given to me by the coiumi.sioiiers lor
the affairs of India, save only to the other inernbers of the said secret committee, or to the person or per-
sons who shall be duly nominated nnd employed in transcribing or preparing the same iespectively,uii!c-s
I shall he authorized hy the said conunissioners to disclose and make known the same. So help me (iud '
Which said oath shall nnd may he administered hy the several and respective members of the said secut
confimittce to each other ; anil, being so hy them taken nnd subscribed, shall be recordcl by the secretary er
deputy-secretary of the said court ol ilirectors for the time being amongst the acts of the said court.
3fi. Provided also, nnd he it enacted, that if the said hoard shall be of opinion that tlie subject iiiatfor of
any of their deliberations concerning the levying war or making peace, or treating or ne^'otiating with any
of the native princes or states in India, or with any other princes or stales, or touching the policy to he oli-
served with respect to such princes or states, intended to he communicated in orders, dispatclies, otlieial
letters or comnuinications, to any of the governments or presidencies in India, or to any ollicers or scrvan'-i
of the snid compaay, shall be of a nature to require secrecy, it shall and may be lawful for tlic said board to
send their
directors ti
niit the sail
live govern
ollleers nuil
ilispnfches,
.17. And
thousand e
hlishment i
tinnite of fl
nnd inemhi
mill continv
hy the said
sum not ex
estimate, »l
salaries nnd
npplientiou
reduced : ])
applied in
siiid compai
:is. And
ill Dengal si
Tort Williai
sidencies to
under the c
jmrts of any
the governii
time to tim
such new di
31). And
povernment
general and
40. And
from time ti
have heen si
the time of
shall be in t
111! )f comic
ordinary me
servants of t
fiu'iiilied in \
tliat sucli la>
IlU'l>tillgs tin
appoint the i
in-chief, or t
same person
member of t
tlip einincil I
■II. And b
in Hengal on
governor-gen
sideiiev on tl
4l>. And b
time to tinu
nilied in writ
43. And hi
lations for re
in force in th
Rritisli or n
rhnrters or (
throughout t
the ilnniinion
nor-gpiicral ii
repeal, vary, :
pniiishing nu
company, or i
said territorie
rogative of th
any part of th
may depend i
reignty or doi
general or spe-
tivi'ly, ami also
ri'ci'ivi'il l)y till'
iu:iii'ati'(Uci the
iiiciitidiiH wlint-
tS VlStl'd ill tlh'
■ si'iit tir j;iv('ii
IlliVf Itci'ii suli.
lit I'oiiU's ol all
rt of ilirccldr;,
lU-L'vioiisly lai'l
iri'posL'd i)i(K r-,
uni the saiiu' to
ilii'd iin;li'i- III"
siiiil 1)1)111 il -I),!!!
, ollU'iiil lillii-,
■itin^, uiiiUr tlii'
ri'spi'ct tluii'iij',
s shall mill \\,v\
s, or coiiiiiiiiiii-
iiya, that il shall
ll CUtCVl'll (111 llic
fs ol' oriK'i-s, ill-
icil to be Hi,M\t ui'
;1 submit iiii' tli:
luiiiications, In--
it slr.ill aiiil may
iistructioii>, ilh-
o ; ami thv -.uil
ik'stiiiatiiiiis.
1)1.' I'oustriifil 111
L^pri'se'iitiilaiii ill
k lit toui-hiiii; nr
board shall aa,l
contaiiu'il or al-
hiuk lit and cx-
s, instrmtiijiis,
iiiniilti'i.', iipoM
ill the' pnwir
and ln'tvvci'ii
)any, to tliivi' or
and tho Niiil
I to biiul a ci'i-
ve.
L' power of ap-
IS and Si'r\aiit3
aid court ol ili-
L'rs or strviiiils
ccrct coiiiir.iitoo,
o:ii's in tliis .let
till' exccu'.ioa ol'
to say,)
execute tlK' sc-
by tlie eourt of
rs, instructijiis,
iin;ni;-sionors I'nr
person or per-
peetivdy,unlc-s
o help nie (iuil '
it the sai.l scent
the secretary or
d court,
.ubjeet matter '.'f
lialiiif; with any
loliey to ho oli-
ipatches, olVicinl
iccrs or servan'5
said board to
bv
AITKNOIX IV.— ASIA. 151
send their order*, dispatilirs, official kttors or communications, to the secret committee of the tnid court of
directors to be appointed ns is liy this net directed, who Hhall thereupon, without di-^dosini; the same, trana-
iiiit flu'sanie aeeordins; to the tenor tbereot', or purstmnt to the directions ol' the said lioard, to the reH(iec-
tive c;overiinients and presidencies, otlicers and servants ; and that the said t^overiuiieiits and presidencies,
(illlcers and servants, ^hall be hound to pay a I'liitlilul obedience tbcrito, in liUe niauner as it such orders,
(lispatehes, olliciai letters or coininunicatioiis had been sent to them by the said court of diri'i'tors.
;i7. And lie it enacted, tliat tlu- said court of <lirectois shall, befiu'e the twenty. second day of April one
tliousiind ei;;ht humlied and thirty-four, nnd alterwards fiom time to time so often as reiluctions of Ihe esta-
hli'limcnt of the said couit or other circumstances may reipiirc, frame and submit to the saiil board an cs.
tiniate of the p;ross sum which will be annually recpiired for the salariis of the ebairnian, depiity-i hairman,
nnd members of the said court, and the olllcers and secretiiriis tbereot, and all other proper expences tixcd
mill colli in^rent thereof, and of (general courts of proprietors ; and such estimate shall bi' siibji'ct to reduction
hy the said boaril, so that the reasons for such reduction be yiven to tlu; saiil court of directors ; and any
sum not exceeding the sum nieutioned in such I'stimate, or (if the same shall be reduced) in such reduced
estimate, shall be annually applicable, at the discretion of the court of directors, to the payment of the said
salaries and expenees ; anil it shall not be lawful for the said board to interfere with or control the particular
application tlureof, or to diici't what particular salarii-; or expenees shall from time to time be increased or
reduced ; i)rovided always, that such and the same accounts shall be kept and rendered of the sums to be
applied in defraying the salaries and expenees aforesaid as of the other branches of the cxpciuliture of the
said conijiany.
;!H. And be it enacted, that the territories now subject to the government of the presidency of Tort William
in llencal shall be divided into two distinct presidencies, one of such presidencies, in which shall be included
Tort William aforesaid, to be styled the presidency of Kort William in nencal, and the other of such I'rc-
siilencics to be styled the presidency of Acra ; and that it shall be lawful for the said court of directors,
under the control by this act provided, and they are hereby rerpiired, to declare nnd ai'point what jiart or
]iarts of any (d' the tcrriturics under the government of the said company shall from time to time be subject to
the government of each of the several presidencies now subsisting or to be established as aforesaid, and from
time to time, as occnsiim may require, to revoke and niter, in the whole or in part, such appointment, nnil
such new distribution of the same as shall be deemed expedient.
;<;). And be it enacted, that the superintendence, direction, and control of the whole civil nnd military
pDvernment of all the said territories nnd revenues in India shall be and is hereby vested in n governor-
pdieral and coniisellors, to be styled " the governor-general of India in council."
40. And be it enacted, that there shall be four ordinary members of the said council, three of whom shall
from time to time be appninted by the said court of directors from amongst such persons as shall be or shall
have been servants of the said company ; ntid each of the said three ordinary members of council shall at
tlic time of his appointment have been in the service of the said company for at least ten years ; nnd if he
slmll be in the military service of tiie said company, he shall not during his contimiancc in otlice as a mem-
hei .>f council hold any military command, or be emiiloycd in netunl military duties ; niiil that the fourth
ordinary nu'inber of council shall from time to time be appointed from amonsst persons who shall not he
servants o'' the said company by the said court of directors, subject to the approbation of his JNIajesty, to be
fiirnilied in writing by his royal sign manual, countersigned by the i)resident of the said board ; provided
that such last- mentioned member of council shall not be entitled to sit or vote in the said T' .nicil except at
meetings thereof for making laws and regulations; and it shall be lawful for the said court of directors to
appoint the commander-in-chief of the company's forces in India, nnd if thery shall be no such commander-
in-chief, or the ortices of such commander-in-chief nnd of governor-gcnernl of India shall be vested in the
some person, then the commander-in-chief of the forces on the Bengal establishment, to be an extraordinary
nieiiiber of the said council, nnd such extraordinary member of council shall have rank and precedence at
tlip ciuineil honrd next niter the governor-general.
•II. .\iid belt enacted, that the ijcrson who shall be governor-general of the presidency of Fort William
in Hcngal on the twenty-second day of April one thousnnd eight h'jndred nnd thirty-four shall be the first
governor-general of India under this act, and such persons as shall he members of council of the same pre-
sidency on that day shall be respectively members of the council constituted by this act.
4'J. And Lh it enacted, that all vacancies hapjiening in the office of govv..nor-genernl of India shall from
time to tinu be filled up by the said court of directors, subject to the approbation of his Majesty, to be sig-
nified in writing hy his royal sign manuni, countersigned by the president of the said board.
4:^. And be it enacted, that the said governor-general in council shall have powci to make laws and regu-
lations for repealing, amending, or nlterinir any laws or regulations whatever now in force or hereafter to be
in force in the said territories or any part thereof, and to make laws and regulations for all persons, whether
British or native, foreigners or others, nnd for all courts of justice, whether established by his Majesty's
clmrters or otherwise, and the jurisdictions thereof, and for all places end things whatsoever within and
throughout the whole and every part of the sail' territories, and for nil servants of the said company within
the dominions of princes and states in alliance with the said company ; save and except that the said gover-
nor-general in council shall not have the power of making any laws or regulations wdiich shall in any way
repeal, vary, suspend, or allect any of the provisions of this act, or any of the provisions of the acts for
pniiishing mutiny nwl desertion of officers and soldiers, whether in the service of his Majesty or the said
company, or any jirovisions of any act hereafter t(, be passed in anywise allccting the said company or the
said territories or the inhabitants thereof, or any laws or regulations which shall in any way aft'ect nny pre-
rogative of the crown, or the authority of parliament, or the constitution of rights of the said company, or
any part of the unwritten laws or constitution of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland whereon
may depend in nny degree the allegiance of any person to the crown of the United Kingdom, or the sove-
reignty or dominion at the said crown over any part of the said territories.
mm
H'
.;m
163 Al'I'KNDIX IV.— ASIA.
41. Provided always, and In- it enacted, tlint in easu llii' mud <'i)Uit iif diri-eton, under mich control a^ In
tliis net is provided, shall !tii;iiil'y to the Hnid (^ovornor-Kcneral In council their disiillownnce of any laws or ir-
Kulntions by the said novcrnor-Rcnernl in conned made, then and in every such case, upon rifcipt liv the ■.ai(|
governor-Keneral in council of notice of ,iuh dis;dlowance, the said governor-general in council hlmll fortli.
with repeal nil InwK nnd n nulntions so ilisnllowed.
-iri. Provided nl^o, and lie it enncti d, that all re»;idntionA made ait aforesaid, BO lonR as they ihall remain
\inrepeali'd, slmll he of the snnie force nnd cH'cct within nnd throughout the snid territories ns any act of iKir-
lianient would or oii;;ht to he within the same territories, and shnll l)e taken notice of hyall comfn of justki'
whatsoever within the snnu> tcrritoriis, in the same maimer as any puhllenct of pnrlinment would and oii^lii
to he taken notice of; and it shall not he nicessary to register or puhlish in any court ol justice any laws iir
regulations nimle hy the snid tjovern()r(;i'iieral in council.
4(1. Provided also, and he it eiu\ctc(l, that it shall not he lawful for the snid governor-Keneral in eouncil,
without the previous sanction of the snid court of directors, to make any law or re;;ulation whcri hy powir
shnll he given to any courts of justice, other than the courts of justice established hy his Majesty's chartt rs,
to sentence to the punishment of diatli any of his Majesty's mitural born suhjects horn in Ku rope, or I lie
children of such suhjects, or which vhall abolish uny of the courts of justice established hy his Majesty's
charters.
47. And be it enacted, that the said court of directors shnll forthwith submit, for the npprol)ntinn of thu
said honrd, such rules ns they shnll deem expedient for the procedure of the governor general in council In
the discharge nnd exercise of nil powiTs, functions, nnd duties lmpo9e<l on or vested in him hy virtue of tlii>,
net, or to be imposed or vested in him hy nny other act or acts ; which rules shall |)rescrihe the moiKs cif
lironiulgation of any laws or regulations to he made hy the snid governor general in council, nnd of tlieaii.
thentieatlon of all acts nnd proceedings whatsoever of the snid governor gcnerni in council ; and such riiKs,
when npprove:! by the said board of coinmisHloners, shnll he of the same •'orce as if they had been inserted
in this act : Provided nlwnys, that such rules shall be laid before both houses of parliament in the session
next nfter the approval thereof.
4h. Provide<l always, and be it enacted, that all laws and regnlntions shnll he made at some mcetmg of the
council at which the said governor general nnd at least three of the ordinary members of the council shall ho
nssemhled, and that nil other functions of the snid governor gei\ernl in coMiicil may be exercised by the sulO
governor general nnd one or more ordinary member or mcn)bers of council, and tlint in every case of dltlVr-
cnce of opinion at meetings of the said council where there shall be an eiiunlity of voices the said governor
gcnerni shall have two votes or the casting vote.
4'.». Provided nlwnys, and he it enacted, that when and so often as any measure shall be proposed before
the said governor general in council whereby the snfety, trnnquillity or interests of the Hritish ))Osscssloiis
in India, or nny pnrt thereof, nre or may he. in the judgment of the said governor gcnerni, cssei.tinlly nfleetnl,
nnd the snid governor geiiernl shnll be of opinion either thnt the measure so proposed ought to be ndoptcil m
carried into execution, or thnt the same ought to be suspended or wholly rejected, r.nd the majority in coun-
cil then present shnll diifer in and dissent from such opinion, the snid governor general nnd members of
council arc hereby directed forthwith mutually to exchnngc with and conimuiiicute to each other in wrlllni;
under their respective hands, to be recorded at Inrpe (ui their secret consultations, the grounds nnd reasons of
their res|)ective opinions ; nnd if after considering the snine the snid governor genernl and the majority in
council shall still ditl'er in opinion, it shnll be lawful for the said governor general, of his ;,wn authority and
on his own responsibility, to suspend or reject the inensure so proposed in pnrt or in whole, or to adopt
nnd carry the measure so proposed into execution, as the said governor genirul shall think tit and exiie-
dient.
50. And be it enacted, that the said council shall from time to time assemble at such i)lace or jjlacesHs
shall be appointed by the said governor general in council within the said territories, and thnt ns often ns the
snid council shall assemble within nny of the presidencies of Fort Saint George, Hombay, or Agrn, the gover-
nor of such presidency shall act as an extraordinnry member of council.
51. Provided nlwnys, and he it enacted, that nothing herein contained shall extend to alTeet in any way
the right of pnrlinment to mnke laws for the said territories nnd for all the inhnhltnnts thereof ; and it is ex-
pressly declared thnt a full, complete, and constantly existing right and power is intended to be reserved to
parliament to control, supersede, or prevent all proceedings and acts wdiatsoever of the said governor gene-
ral in council, and to rejieal nnd alter nt any time nny law or regulation whatsoever made by the said gover-
nor general in council, and in nil resi)ects to legislnte for the said territories and all the inhabitants thereof in
as full and ample a mnnner as if this net hnd not been pnssed; nnd the better to enable parliament to exer-
cise at all times such right nnd power, all laws nnd regulations made by the smd gove-""*" ;'"neral in eonh-
cil shall be trnnsmitted to Englnnd, and laid before both houses of parliament, in the same manner as is now
by law provided concerning the rules and regulations made by the several governments in India.
52. And be it enacted, that nil enactments, provisions, matters, and things relating to the governor gene-
ral of Fort William in Hengal in council, and the governor general of Fort William in Bengal alone, respec-
tively, in any other net or acts contained, so far as the same are now in force, and not repealed by or rcpng-
nant to the provisions of this act, shall continue and be in force and be applicable to the governor general of
India in council, ond to the governor general of India alone, respectively.
53. And whereas it is expedient that, subject to such special arrangements as local circumstances may
require, a general system of judicial establishments and police, to which all persons whatsoever, as well Kuro-
peans as natives, may be subject, should he established in the said territories at an early period, and that
such laws as may be applicable in common to all classes of the inhabitants of the said territories, due regard
being had to the rights, feeling.s, and peculiar usages of the people, should be enacted, and that all laws and
customs having the force of law within the same territories should be ascertained and consolidated, and as
occasion may require amended ; be it therefore enacted, that the said governor general of India in council shall,
control Bi liy
ny laws or rc-
pt l>v the saiil
:il Hhall forth-
I shall rcniiiiii
my act of piir-
lurt* of just ko
uiil and oii|{lil
ce ntiy laws or
ral ill coiinril,
vlicr* l)y powir
«ty's chiirtiTs,
Ktiropr, or tlu'
his Miijistj's
•obiition of the
1 in council in
y virtui' of tins
I' the nioilis (if
nnil of till' inl-
and such niK s
i\ hei'n insiitnl
t ill the session
mcctnij; of the
council ^\nM lie
isod hy tho suid
y case of dilVcr-
ic said goveniur
proposed licfiire
tish posstssidiis
entially alVccttd,
to he B<ioptcitoi-
lajority in conn-
iIkI nicinliiTs of
thiT in wiilini:
s and reasons of
the niiijority in
n authority nnd
ole, or to ndopt
)k tit and ixpe-
lace or plans as
as often as the
|\gra, the govcr-
|lVcct in any way
if ; and it is fx-
|o he reserved to
governor genc-
the said jrover-
itants thereof in
liament to exer-
'ueral in eo\n.-
fanner as is now
lia.
governor gene-
il alone, respec-
|cd by or rcpng-
?rnor general of
tumstaneos may
|r, as well Kiiro-
jjcriod, anil that
fries, due regard
jhat all laws and
llidated, and as
lin council shall,
II
Al'I'KNDIX IV.— ASIA.
IM
1^ loon as convrnirntly may he after the pai:<ing of thin act, issue a commission, nnil from time to time com-
missions, to such poi <ons as the said court of directors, with the approhatioii of the said honnl of eoimnission-
irs, shull reeoninuMid for that purpose, and to such other persons, if necessary, as the said i;overn(ir general
In cnnneil shall think !lt, all such persons, not exeeedin;; in the whole ?t any one time live in nuiuher, and to
he styled "the Indian I.nw Coinniissioners," with all such power as shall ho necessary for the purposes here-
in-after rnentioned ; and the said commissioners shall fully impure into the iurisdictlon, powers, and rules of
the existing courts of justice luid police estahlishuients in the salil territories, and all existing forms of Judicial
pi'iicediiru, and into the nature and operation of all laws, whether civil or criminal, written or customary,
|irevuiliiig and in force in any |)art of the said territories, and whereto any inhahitiints of the said territoricM,
whether Kuropeans or others, arc now suhject ; and the said coinniissioners shall from time to time make re-
ports in which they shall fully set forth the result of their said iiupiiries, anil shall from timi; to time suggest such
.ilti-ratlons as may in their opinion he henelleially made in the said courts of justice and police estahlishmenti,
fni.ns of judicial procedure and laws, due regard heiiig had to the distinction of castes, dill'erencu of religion,
and the manners and opinions prevailing among ditl'erent races and in ilitrerent parts of the sail territories.
r>4. And he it enacted, that the said commissioners shall follow such instructions with regard to the re-
searches and inipiiries to he made and the places to he visited hy them, and all their transactions with refer-
ence to the ohjects of their commission, as they shall from tiiiieto time receive from the said governor gene-
ral of India in council ; and they are hereby reipiired to make to the said governor general in council such
special reports upon any matters as by such instructions may from time to time he ri'ipiired ; and the said
t;overnor general in council shall take into consideration the reports friim time to time to he made by the
'^aid liiilian law commissioners, and shall transmit the same, together with the opinions or resolutions of the
said governor general in couniil thereon, to the said court of directors; and which said reports, together
with the said opinions or resolutions, shall he laid before both h()iises of parliament in thesnnie manner as ist
now by law provided concerning the rules and regulations made by the several governments in Inilia.
fi.'). And he it enacted, that it shall and may be lawful for the governor general of India in council to grant
salaries to the said Indian law commissioners and their necessary olVicers and attendants, and to defray such
other expcnccs as may be incident to the said commission, and that the salaries of the said commissioners
shall be according to the highest scale of remuneration given to any of the ofllccrs or servants of the India
company below the rank of members of council.
.'(). And be it enacted, that the executive government of each of the several presidencies of I'ort William
Ml bengal, Kort Saint tJeorge, Bombay, and Agra shall be administered hy a governor and three councillors,
tn he styled " the Governor in Council of the said presidencies of I'ort William in Bengal, I'ort Saint Cieor^;e,
Hoinhay, and Agra, respectively ;" and the said governor and councillors respectively of each such presidency
shall have the same rights and voices in their assemblies, and shall observe the same order and course in
their proceedings, ns the governors in council of the presidencies of Fort Saint George and Bombay now have
and observe, and that the governor general of Iiidir. ioi the time being shall be governor of the presidency of
l''ort William in Bengal.
.')7. I'rovided always, and bo it enacted, that it shall and may he lawful for the said court of directors,
under such control as is by this act provided, to revoke and suspend, so often and for such periods as the
said court .shall in tiiat behalf direct, the appointment of councils in all or any of the said presidencies, or to
rediiie the number of councillors in all or any of the said councils, and during such time as a council shall
not be appointed in any such presidency the executive government thereof shall be administered by a gover-
nor alone.
M. And be it enacted that the several persons who on the said twenty-second day of April one thousand
eight hundred and thirty-four, shall he governors of the respective presidencies of Tort Saint George and
Hoinliay, shall be the tirst governors of the said presidencies respectively under this tict , and that the office
of ijovernor of the said presidency of Agra, and all vacancies happening in the odices of the governors of the
.said presidencies respectively, shall be tilled up by the said court of directors, suhject to the approbation of
his Majesty, to be sigiiilied under his royal sign manual, countersigned by the said president of the said hoard
of coinniissioners.
5'J. And be it enacted, that in the presidencies in which tiic appointment of a council shall be suspended
under the provision herein-before contained, and during such time as councils shall not be .ippointed therein
rt'spectively, the governors appointed under this act, and in the presidencies in which councils shall from
time to time be appointed the said governors in their respective councils, shall have all the rights, powers,
duties, functions, and immunities whatsoever, not in anywise repugnant to this act, which the governors of
I'ort Saint George and Bombay in their respective councils now have within their respective presidencies;
and that the governors and members of council of presidencies appointed by or under this act shall severally
have all the rights, powers, and immunities respectively, not in anywise repugnant to this act, which the
eovernors and members of council of the presidencies of Fort Saint George and Bonihay respectively now
have in their respective presidencies ; provided that no governor or governor in council shall have the power
nf niakiiig or suspending any regulations or laws in any case whatever, unless in cases of urgent necessity
(i.... burthen o( the proof whereof shall be on such governor or governor in council), and then only until the
decision of the governor-general ot India in council shall be signiticd thereon ; and provided also, that no
governor or governor in council shall have the power of creating any new office, or granting any salary, gra-
tuity, or allowance, without the previous sanction of the governor-general of India in council.
CO. Provided always, and be it enacted, that when and so often as the court of directors shall neglect for
the space of two calendar months, to be computed from the day whereon the notification of the vacancy
of any office or employment in India in the appointment of the said court s!;i.ll have been received by the
said court, to supply such vacancy, then and in every such case it shall be lawful for his Majesty to appoint,
by writing under his sign manual, such person as his Majesty shall think proper to supply such vacancy ;
and that every person so appointed shall have the same powers, privileges, and authorities as if he or they
M
i
m
I'll
my
ir,4
ATPKNIJIX IV.— ASIA.
had been appointed by the said court, and shall not be subject to removal or dismissal without the appro-
bation and consent of liis Majesty.
(>1. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said court of directors to a]>point any person or
persons provisionally to succeed to any of the ollices aforesaid, for supplying any vacancy or vaennrics
therein, when the same shall happen by the death or resi<;imtioi> of the jierson or persons hiddini!; the same
otlice or otlices respectively, or on his or their departure from India with intent to return to Ku rope, or
on any event or contingency expressed in any such provisional appointment or appointiiuMits to the siimo
respectively, and such appointments again to revoke: provided that every provisionul appointment to tlie
several otlices of governor-general of India, governer of a presidency, and the mend)er of council ol liuliu,
by this act directed to be appointed from amongst i)ersons who shall not be servants of the said company,
shall be subject to the approbation of his majesty, to be signitied as aforesaid, but that no person so ap-
pointed to succeed provisionally to any of the said olVices shall t)e entitled to any authority, salary, or eniolu-
ment appertaining thereto until he shall be in the actual possession of such olliee.
f)'2. And be it enacted, that if any vacancy shall hap|)en in the olliee of governor-general of India when
no provisional or other sni^eessor shall be upon the spot to sujiply such vacancy, then and in every sucli
case the ordinary niember of council next in rank to the said governor-general shall hold and execute tlu>
said office of governor-general of India and governor of the presidency of l''ort William in Hengal until a
successor shall arrive, or until some other per«;in on the spot shall be duly appointed thereto : ami tlint
every such acting governor-general shall, during the time of his continuing to act as such, have and exercise
all the rights and powers of governor general of India, and shall be entitled to receive the emoluments and
advantages appertaining to the office by him supplied, such acting governor- general foregoing his salary and
allowance of a member of council for the same period.
fi.T. And be it enacted, that if any vacancy shall happen in the office of governor of Fort Saint George,
Bombay, or Agra when no provisional or other success diall be upon the spot to supply such vaeaiicy,
then and in every such case, if there shall he a council in tne presidency in which such vacancy shall ha]ipi'ii,
the member of such council, who shall be next in rank to the governor, other than conunander-in-ehief or
officer conunanding the forces of such ])resiileney, and if there shall be no council, then the secretary of
government of the said presidency who shall be senior in the said office of secretary, shall hold and execute
the said otlice of governor until a successor shall arrive, or until some other person on the spot shall be
duly appointed thereto : and that every such acting governor shall, during the time of his continuing to act
as such, receive and be entitled to the emohnuents and advantages appertaining to the office by him sup.
plied, such acting governor foregoing all salaries and allowances by him held and enjoyed at the time of his
being called to supply such office.
(')4 And be it enacted, that if any vacancy shall happen in the office of an ordinary member of council of
India when no |)erson provisionally or otherwise appointed to succeed thereto shall be then present on tlu'
spot, then and on every such occasion such vacancy shall be supplied by the appointment of the goveriior-
geiu>ral in council ; and if any vacancy shall happen in the office of a member of council of any presidcmy
when no person provisionally or otherwise ai)pointed to succeed thereto shall be then present on the spot,
then and on c.vry such occasion such vacancy shall be supplied by the ajipointment of the governor in
councd of the presidency in which such vacancy shall happen ; and until a successor shall arrive the person
so nominated shall execute the office by him supphed, and shall have all the powers thereof, and shall liavo
and be entitled to the salary and other emolnnu'nts and advantages appertaining to the said office durini;
his continuance therein, every such temporary nuimber of council foregoing all salaries and allowances hy
him held and enjoyed at the time of his being appointed to such office : providc.l always, that no person
shall be appointed a temporary member of council who might not have been appointed by the said court of
directors to till the vacancy supplied by such temporary appointment.
(i">. Ami be it further enacted, that the said governor-general in council shall have and be invested hy
virtue of this act with full power and authv)rity to superintend and control the ^'overnors and governors in
council of Fort William in Hengal, Fort Saint George, Hond)ay, and Agra, in all (joints relating to the
civil or military administration of the said presidencies respectively, and the said governors and governors
in council shali lie bound to obey such orders and instructions of the said governor-general in coimcil in all
cases whatsoover.
()() And be it enacted, that it shall and may be lawfid for the governors or governors in council of I'ort
■William in Bengal, Fort Saint tJeorge, Bombay, and Agra respectively, to propose to the said governor-gene-
ral In council drafts or projects of any laws or regulations which the said governors or governors in council
respectively may think expedient, together with their reasons i'ov jiroposing the same; and the said go-
vernor-general in council is hereby required to take the same and such reasons into consideration, and to
communicate the resolutions of the said goveriu)r-general in council thereon to the governor or governor
in council hy whom the same shall have been proposed.
67. And be it enacted, that when the said governor-general shall visit any of the presidencies of Fort Saint
George, Bombay, or Agra, the powers of the governors of those presidencies respectively shall not by reason
of such visit be suspended.
68. And be it enacted, that the said governors and governors in council of the said presidencies of Fort
William it) Bengal, Fort Saint (ieorge, Bombay, and Agra respectively sliall and they are hereby respec-
tively required regularly to transmit to the said governor-general in council true and exact copies of nil
such orders and acts of their respective goveriwnents, and also advice and intelligence of all transactions
and matters which shall have con)e to their knowledge, and which they shall deem material to be coniniu-
nicated to the said governor-general in council as aforesaid, or as the said governor-general in coimcil shall
from time to time require.
69. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said governor-general in council, as often ns the ex
igencies of the public service may a])pear to him to require, to appoint such one of the ordinary menilicrsol
the said c
in Bengal
said govei
of such ni
70. Am
(lient that
of the con
tiu'eof the
said coune
William it
and it shal
that pnrp(
iiii^dit be e
provided a
said presid
71. And
governmen
fn)n betwei
promotion
nil the serv
appointed t
been jia-^sei
71.'. And
ninjesty Kir
and deserti<
sailors in tli
made or to
comprise or
presidencies
taken to be
7,1. And
make article
pany, and fo
such articles
and taken m
nor-general
over all the
soldiers may
war shall be
meat of the
and use in ai
71. And b
countersignei
any office, en
any appointn
every such w
his Majesty, I
7;'). I'rovid
flic said court
the said court
at their will a
the default of
jcsty's ajiprob
7f). And be
rics set ngains
as the said coi
say,)
To the go
To ench o
To each g
thousat
To each n
And the salarii
the execution
said ollieers sli
declared to he
»ny present, gi
his own beneti
tors are hereby
fcsidcnt in the
:liout the appro-
t any person or
icy or vni'niu'ii's
inldinu the sumo
m to Kurope, or
I'lits to the simu'
point inent to the
eoiiiu'il ol liidiii,
he siiiit eompimy,
no person so ap-
siUary, or emolu-
ral of Imhn when
ii\(l in every such
1 anil execute tl\e
in Bengal ui\til a
liereto : luul tlint
have and exenisc
; emoUnneiits uinl
ling his suhiry mid
?ort Saint Georpo,
iply such vaciuiiy,
uiey sliall happen,
nander-in-chiet'or
■n the secretary of
1 hohl and execute
ti»e spot shall 111'
continuiiij; to act
ollice l)y him su|i.
I at the time of his
mher of council of
hen present on the
nt of the governor-
of any itresidcmy
(resent on the spot,
of the governor in
II arrive the person
L>of, and shall havo
said ortiee during
and allowances by
ys, tiiat no person
the said court of
nd he invested liy
and governors In
ts relating to the
ors and governors
111 in conned in all
in conned of I'ort
iaid governor-genc-
overnors in council
; and the said so-
insideration, and to
ernor or governor
Micies of l''ort Saint
shall not hy rcasun
the said cn\iM
APPKNniX IV.— ASIA. 1^
of India as he niny think lit to he deputy-governor of the Ftiid presiileney of I'ort Will
)iesidenries of I'ort
re hereliy respcc-
exact copies ol M
(if all transactions
rial to be eonmui-
nil in council shall
,118 often as the ex
rdinarv luenihers ol
the said cnnncil ol India as lie niny think lit to lie (Icputy-governor ol the ^nid presidency of fort \\ilhnm
in Mengnl, and such deputy-governor shall he invested with all the p.owers and perforin nil the duties of the
said governor of the presidency of Fort William in Hengnl, but shall receive no additional snhiry hy reason
of such nppoiiitinent.
7(1. And lie it enacted, that whenever the said governor-general in council shall deelnre that it is expe-
dient that the said governor-general shoulil visit any part of India iiiiaeciimpanied liy any inemher or itumhers
(if the council of India, it shall he lawful for the said governor-general in council, pieviously to t depar-
ture of the said governor-general, to nominate some meniher of the enuneil of India to he president of the
said council, in whom, during the alisence of the said governor-general from the said presidency of Koit
William in Hengal, the powers of the said goveinor-geneihl in nssemhiles id' the said eoiineil shall he reposed;
and it shall he lawful in every such ease for the said (iovernor-general in eouneil, liy a law or regulation lor
that purpose to he made, to anthori/re the governor-general ahuie to cNereise all or any of the powers which
nii;:ht he exercised hy the said governor general in council, except the |io\ver of making laws or regulntions:
provided always, that during the absence of the goveri.or-general no law or regulation shall he made by the
said president and council without the assent in writing of the said governor-general.
71. And be it enacted, that there shall not, by reason of the division of the territories now sulijeet to the
g(iveriiment of the presidency of Idrt William in liengal into two presidencies as aforesaid, be any separa-
tion between the establislmients and forces thereof respectively, or any alteration in the course iiiiil order of
]iromotion and succession of the company's servants in the same two piesideiieies respectively, hut that
all the servants, civil and niilifnry, of the Heiigal estahlisbnients niid forces, shall and may succeed and he
appointed to all comniaiuls and ollices within either of the said pre.idencies respectively as if this Act had not
hcen liaised.
7'-'. And he it enacted, that for the purposes of an ,\ct passed in the fourth year of the reign o( his late
majesty King (ieorge the Kourtli, intituled, an Act to consolidate and amend the laws for punishing mutiny
and desertion of olVicers and soldu is in the service" of the I'.nst India t'oni|iaiiy, and to authorize soldiers and
sailors in the Kast Indies to send and receive letters at a reduced rate of postage, and of any articles of war
made or to he made under the same, the presidency of I'ort William in Bengal shall he taken and deemed to
comprise under and within it all the territories which by or in virtue (.ftliis .\ct shall be divided between the
presidencies of Fort William in Bengal and Agra respectively, and shall for all the purposes ahiresaid be
taken to he the presidency of Fort William in Bengal in the said .\ct mentioned.
7.1. And he it enacted, that it shall he lawful for the said governor-general in couiull from tinic to time to
make articles of war for the goverunient of the native ollicers and soldiers in the military service of tin" eoni-
paiiy, and for the adnimistration of justice by courts- martial to be liolden on such ollicers and soldiers, and
such articles of war from time to time to repeal or vary and amend ; and such articles of war shall lie made
and taken notice of in the same nianner as all other the laws and regulations to he made by the said gover-
nor-general in council under this Act, and shall prevail and be in force, and shall be of exclusive authority
over all the native ollicers and soldiers in the said military service, to whatever presidency such otileers and
soldiers may belong, or wheresoever they may be serving: provided nevertheless, that until such articles of
war shall he madehy the said governor general in council, any articles of war for or relating to the govern-
ment of the company's native forces, which at the time of this Act coining into operation shall he in force
and u.se in any part or parts of the said territories, shall remain in hiree.
71. And he it enacted, that it shall be lawful for his Majesty, hy any writing under his sign manual,
countersigned by the president of the said board of commissioners, to reniovc or dismiss any person holding
any ollice, employment, or comniission, civil or military, under the said company in India, and to vacate
any appointment or comniission of any person to any such ollice or employnient ; provided that a copy of
every such wrif.ng, attested by the said president, shall within eight days after the same shall be signed hy
his Majesty, be transmitted ordelivereil to the chairniHii or deputy cbairnian of the said company.
7:'i. I'rovided always, and he it eiiiicted, that nolhing in this .\et contained shall take away the power of
Mto said court of directors to remove or dismiss iiiiy of the ollicers or servants of the said coinpauy, but that
the said court shall and may at all limes have full liberty to remove or dismiss any such ollicers or servants
at their will and pleasure ; provided that any servant of the said company appointed by his Majesty through
the default of appointment hy the said court of directors shall not be disinissed or removed without his Ma-
jciity's approbation, as hereinbefore is mentioned.
7(i. And he it enncted, that there shall be paid to the several ollicers hereinafter named the several sala-
ries set agains* the names of such ollicers, subject to such reduelion of the said several salaries respectively
as the said court of directors, with the sanction of the said board, may at anytime think lit; (that is to
say.l
To the governor-general of India, two hundred and forty Ihcusaud sicca rupees :
'I'o each ordinary member of the council of India, ninety-six thoiisnnd sicca rupees :
To i^ach governor of the presidencies of Fort Saint (ieorge, liomhay, and .Agra, one hundi'dl and twenty
thoiisaiid sicca rupees :
To each member of any council to be appointed in any presidency, ^ixty thousand sicca rujiees :
And the salaries of the said ollicers respectively -hull commenee friuii their respectively taking upon them
the execution of their respective olhces, and the said salaries shall he the whole profit or advantage which the
£fti(l olhcers shall enjoy during their continuance in such ollices respectively ; and it shall be and it > hereby
declared to he a niisdemeanor for any such ollicer to accept for his own use, in the discharge of i ottiee,
any present, gift, donation, gratuity or reward, pecuniary or otherwise whatsoever, or to trade or tallie for
his own hcnetit or for the heiietit of any other person or jiersons whatsoevei ; and the said court of direc-
tors arc hereby reipiircd to pay to all and singular the ollicers and persons hereinafter named who shall he
resident in the United Kingdom nt the lime of their respective appointments, foi the jiurposc of defruyini; the
kjlj
\Ai ",t- 1
I. ! 'I'll -•( 1
].-,C
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
n
! ,;
■!'
"J
'i I
1
pi
expenses of their equipment and voyage, such sums of money as are set against the names of such otRcers
and persons respectively; (that is to say,)
To the governor-general, live thousand pounds :
To each member of the council of Itidia, one thousand two hundred pounds :
To each governor of the presidencies of Fort Saint George, Rombay and Agra, two thousand five hun-
dred pounds :
Provided also, that any governor-general, governor, or member of council appointed by or by virtue of tliis
Act, who shall at the time of passing this Act hold the oflice of governor-general, ^''vernor, or member of
council respectively, shall receive the same salary and allowances that he would have received if this Act had
not been passed.
77. Provided always, and be it enacted, that if any governor-general, governor, or ordinary member of the
council of India, or any member of the council of any presidency, shall hold or enjoy any pension, salary, or
any jilace, office or emolument of profit under the crown or any public office of the said comimny, or any
annuity payable out of the civil or military fund of the said company, the salary of his oflice of governor-
general of India, governor or member of council, shall be reduced by the amount of the pension, salary,
annuity, or profits of office so respectively held or enjoyed by him.
78. And be it enacted, that the said court of directors, with the approbation of the said board of commis-
sioners, shall and may from time to time make regulations for the division and distribution of the patronape
and power of nomination of and to the offices, commands, and employments in the said territories, and in
all or any of the presidencies thereof, among the said governor-general in council, governor-general, govir-
nors in council, governors, commander-in-chief, and other commanding officers respectively appointed or to
be appointed under this Act.
79. And be it enacted, that the return to Europe or the departure from India with intent to rettin, ,
Europe of any governor-general of India, governor, member of council, or commander-in-chief, shall he
deemed in law a resignation and avoidance of his office or employment, and that no act or declaration of any
governor-general, or governor, or member of council, other than as aforesaid, excepting a declaration in
writing under hand and seal, delivered to the secretary for the public department of the ])residency wherein
he shall be, in order to its being recorded, shall be dienied or held as a resignation or surrender of his said
office ; and that the salary and other allowances of any such governor-general or other officer reepcctively
shall cease from the day of such his departure, resignation, or surrender ; and that if any such governor-
general or member of council of India shall leave the said territories, or if any governor or other officer
whatever in the service of the said company shall leave the presidency to which he shall belong, other than
in the known actual service of the said comiiany, the salary and allowances appertaining to his office shall
not be paid or payable during his absence to any agent or other person for his use; and in the event of his
not returning, or of his coming to Europe, his salary and allowances shall be deemed to have ceased on the
day of his leaving the said territories, or the presidency to which he may have belonged ; provided that it
shall be lawful for the said company to make such payment as is now by law permitted to be made to the
representatives of their officers or servants who, having left their stations intending to return thereto, shall
die during their absence.
80. And be it enacted, that every wilful disobeying, and every wilful omitting, forbearing, or neglecting to
execute the orders or instructions of the said court of directors by any governor-general of India, governor,
member of council, or commander in chief, or by any other of the officers or servants of the said company,
unless in cases of necessity (the burthen of the proof of which necessity shall be on the person so disolicy-
ing or omitting, forbearing or neglecting, to execute such orders or instructions as aforesaid) ; and every
•wilful breach of the trust and duty of any office or employment by any such governor-general, governor,
member of council, or commander-in-chief, or any of the officers or servants of the said company, shall be
deemed and taken to be a misdemeanor at Law, and shall or may be proceeded against and punished as such
by virtue of this Act.
81. And he it enacted, that it shall be lawful for any natural-born subjects of his Majesty to proceed liy
sea to any port or place having a custom-house establishment within the said territories, and to reside
thereat, or to proceed to and reside in or pass through any part of such of the said territories as were under
the government of the said company on the first day of January one thousand eight hundred, and in any part
of the countries ceded by the nabob of the Carnatic, of the province of Cuttack, and of the settlements of
Singapore and Malacca, without any license whatever ; provided that all subjects of his Majesty not natives
of the said territories shall, on their arrival in any part of the said territories from any port or place not
•within the said territories, make known in writing their names, places of destination, and objects of pursuit
in India, to the chief officer of the customs or other officer authorized for that purpose at such port c. place
as aforesaid.
82. Provided always, and be it enacted, that it shall not be lawful for any subject of his Majesty, except
the servants of[the said company and others now lawfully authorized to reside in the said territories, to enter
the same by land, or to proceed to or reside in any i)lace or places in such parts of the said territories as are
not hereinbefore in that behalf mentioned, without license from the said board of commissioners, or the said
court of directors, or the said governor-general in council, or a governor or governor in council of any of the
said presidencies for that i)urpose first oblained : Provided always, that no license given to any natural-born
subject of his Majesty to reside in parts of the territories not open to all such subjects shall be determined
or revoked unless in accordance with the terms of some express clause of revocation or determination in
such license contained.
83. Provided always, and be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said govern or- gen era! in council,
■with the previous consent and approbation of the said court of directors for that purpose obtained, to declare
any place or places whatever within the said territories open to all his Majesty's natural-born subjects, and
it shall be
pass throuf;
84. And
convenienti
entrance in
H,";. And
render it r
enacted, th;
provide witl
outrage in t
8f). And
reside in thi
any term of
Provided ah
from enablii
lands, or rig
or terms wh
87. And
resident the
abled from I
88. And 1
forthwith to
condition of
shall be pra
drafts of law
had to the la
drafts shall I
shall, with a;
the drafts of
force withou
the first mee'
such rules a
thereon.
SO. And w
' '".■ th-reof
is t -"fore e
visi(
•!> ate
. '. .^ tiishop
enacted, that
styled the Bis
and appoint
respectively, i
tively the sur
90. And h.
be appointed
that such sala
and that no fe
taken by such
the salaries afi
shall respectiv
91. And be
from time to
resident in the
each, for the p
92. Provide
else any ejjisco
and functions
letters patent \
93. And be
fit, hy his roya
of the hishopri
and from time
grant to such
functions, and
and good gover
94. Provided
taken to be the
jurisdiction anc
P«tent under tl
such officers
innd five hun-
virtuc of this
or membrr of
f this Act had
nember of the
iion, salniy, or
mpany, or any
e of goviMuor-
lension, salary,
ml of coniiiiis-
thc patrona!i;e
ritorics, and in
general, govcr-
appointed or to
>nt to returi, ,
i-chicf, shall be
claration of any
I declaration in
sidency wherein
Mider of his said
ii-er respectively
such sovernor-
- or other officer
long, other than
( his office shall
the event of his
ve ceased on the
provided that it
be made to the
irn thereto, shall
or neglecting to
India, governor,
said company,
rson so disohcy-
said) ; and every
eral, governor,
ipany, shall he
u 11 i shed as such
ty to proceed hy
es, and to reside
es as were under
and in any part
icttlements of
ijesty not natives
lort or place not
lijects of pursuit
ch port c. place
i\e
, Majesty, except
ritories, to enter
territories as are
jners, or the said
ncil of any of the
anv natural-horn
11 be determined
determination in
;nerai in council,
tained, to declare
jrn sul)jccts, and
APPKNDIX IV.— ASIA.
ir>7
it shall be thenceforth lawful for any of his Majesty's natural- boni subjects to proceed to, or reside in, or
pass through any place or places declared open without any license whatever.
84. And be it enacted, tliut the said governor-general in council shall and he is hereby required, as soon as
conveniently may be, to make laws or regulations providing for the jircvention or punishment of the illicit
entrance into or residence in the said territories of |)tTsons not authorized to enter or reside therein.
H.5. And wliereas the removal of restrictions on the intercourse of Europeans witli the said territories will
render it necessary to provide against any mischiifs or dangers that may arise therefrom, be it therefore
enacted, that the said governor-general in council shall and he is hereby required, by laws or regulations, to
provide with nil convenient speed for the protection of the natives of the said territories from insult a.id
outrage in their persons, religions, or opinions.
Sfi. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for any natural-horn subject of his Majesty authorized to
reside in the said territories to acquire and hold lands, or any right, interest, or profit in or out of lands, for
any term of years, in such part or parts of the said territories as he shall be so authorized to reside in :
Provided always, that nothing herein contained slinll betaken to prevent the said governor-general in council
from enabling, by any laws or regulations, or otherwise, any subjects of his Majesty to acquire or hold any
lands, or rights, interests, or profits in or out of lands, in any part of the said territories, and for any estates
or terms whatever.
87. And be it enacted, that no native of the said territories, nor any natural-born subject of his Majesty
resident therein, shall, by reason only of his religion, place of birth, descent, colour, or any of them, be dis-
abled from holding any place, olHcc, or employment under the said company.
SH. And be it further enacted, that the said governor-general in council shall and he is hereby required
forthwith to take into consideration the means of mitigating the state of slavery, and of ameliorating the
condition of slaves, and of extinguishing slavery throughout the said territories so soon as such extinction
shall be practicable and safe, and from time to time to prepare and transmit to the said court of directors
drafts of laws or regulations for the i)ur))0ses aforesaid, and that in preparing such drafts due regard shall be
had to the laws of marriage and the rights and authorities of fathers and heads of families, and that such
drafts shall forthwith after receipt thereof be taken into consideration by the said court o( directors, who
shall, with all convenient speed, communicate to the said go , rnor-gencral in council their instructions <m
the drafts of the said laws and regulations, but no such laws and regulations shall be promulgated or put in
force without the previous consent of the said court ; and the said court shall, within fourteen days after
the first meeting of parliament in every year, lay before both houses of ))arliament a report of the drafts of
such rules and regulations as shall have been received by them, and of their re^olutions or proceedings
thereon.
89. And whereas the present diocese of the bishoprick of Calcutta is of too great an extent for the incum-
' ">; thereof to perforin efficiently all the duties of the office without endangering his health and life, and it
1,- r -"fore expedient to diminish the labours of the bishop of the said diocese, and for that purpose to
i. vision for assigning new limits to the diocese of the said bishop, and for founding and constituting
•n ate and distinct bishopricks, but nevertheless the bishops thereof to be subordinate and subject
.. uishop of Calcutta for the time being, and his successors, as their metropolitan ; be it therefore
enacted, that in case it shall please his Majesty to erect, found, and constitute two bishopricks, one to be
styled the Bishoprick of Madras, and the other the Bishoprick of Bombay, and from time to time to nominate
and appoint bishops to such bishopricks, under the sty.'e and title of bishops of Madras and Bombay
respectively, there shall be paid from and out of the revenues of the said territories to such bishops respec-
tively the sum of twenty-four thousand sicca rupees by the year.
90. And he it enacted, that the said salaries shall commence from the time at which such persons as shall
be appointed to the said office of bishop shall take upon them the execution of their respective offices; and
that such salaries shall be in lieu of all fees of office, perquisites, emoluments, or advantages whatsoever;
and that no fees of office, perquisites, emoluments, or advantages whatsoever .shall he accepted, received, or
taken by such bishop or either of them, in any manner or on any account or pretence whatsoever, other than
the salaries aforesaid ; and that such bishops respectively shall be entitled to such salaries so long as they
shall respectively exercise the functions of their several offices in the British territories aforesaid.
91. And be it enacted, that the said court of directors shall and they are required to pay to the bishops so
from time to time to be appointed to the said bishopricks of Madras and Bombay, in case they shall be
resident in the United Kingdom at the time of their respective appointments, the sum of five hundred pounds
each, for the purpose of defraying the expenses of their equipments and voyage.
92. Provided always, and be it enacted, that such bishops shall not have or use any jurisdiction, or exer-
cise any ejiiscopal functions whatsoever, either in the said territories or elsewhere, but only such jurisdiction
and functions as shall or may from time to time be limited to them respectively by his Majesty by his royal
letters patent under the great seal of the said United Kingdom.
93. And be it enacted, that it shall and may be lawful for his Majesty from time to time, if he shall think
fit, by his royal letters patent under the great seal of the said United Kingdom, to assign limits to the diocese
of the bishoprick of Calcutta and to the dioceses of the said bishopricks of Madras and Bombay respectively,
and from time to time to alter and vary the same limits respectively, as to his Majesty shall seem fit, and to
grant to such bishops res|)cctivcly within the limits of their respective dioceses the exercise of episcopal
functions, and of such ecclesiastical jurisdiction as his Majesty shall think necessary for the superintendence
and good government of the ministers of the United Church of England and Ireland therein.
94. Provided always, and be it enacted, that the bishop of Calcutta for the time being shall be deemed and
taken to be the metropolitan bishop in India, and as such shall have, enjoy, and exercise all such ecclesiastical
jurisdiction and episcopal functions, for the purposes aforesaid, as his Majesty shall hy his royal letters
patent under the great seal of the said United Kingdom think necessary to direct, subject nevertheless to
!*•<■
I' ." %'i.
: l:ii-i
158
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
D'f I
ii '
f l|
the general superintendence and revision of the Arclibisliop of Canterbury for the time being; anil that the
bishops of Madras and Honibay for the time being respectively shall i)e subject to the bishop of Calcutta for
the time being as such metropolitan, and shall at the time of their respective apjiointments to such bishop-
ricks, or at the time of their respective consecrations as bishop, take an oath of obedience to the said bishcii)
of Calcutta in such manner as his Majesty by his said royal letters patent shall be pleased to direct.
9.'). And be it enacted, that when and as often as it shall please his Majesty to issue any letters patent
respecting the bishoprick of Calcutta, Madras, or Bombay, or for the nomination or appointment of any
person thereto resi)ectively, the warrant for the bill in every such case shall be countersigned by the president
of the board of commissioners for the affairs of India, and by no other person.
!)(■). And be it enacted, that it shall and may be lawful for his Majesty, his heirs and successors, by war-
rant under his royal sign manual, countersigned by the chancellor of the exchequer for the time beins,
to grant to any such bishop of Madras or Bombay respectively who shall have exercised in the British terri-
tories aforesaid for fifteen years the office of such bishop a pension not exceeding eight hundred pounds per
annum, to be paid quarterly by the said company.
97. And be it enacted, that in all cases when it shall happen the said person nominated and appointed to
be bishop of either of the said bishopricks of Madras or Bombay shall depart this life within six calendar
moiiths next after the day when he shall have arrived in India for the purpose of taking upon him the ottice
of such bishop, there shall be payable out of the territorial revenues Irom which the salary of such bishop
so dying shall be payable, to the legal personal representatives of such bishop, such sum or sums of money
as shall, together with the sum or sums paid to or drawn by such bishop in respect of his salary, make up
the full amount of one year's salary ; and when and so often as it shall happen that any such bishop shall
depart this life while in possession of such oflice, and after the expiration of six calendar months from the
time of his arrival in India for the purpose of taking upon him such office, then and in every such case there
shall be payable, out of the territorial revenues from which the salary of the said bishop so dying shall be
payable, to his legal personal representatives, over and above what may have been due to him at the time of
his death, a sum equal to the full amount of the salary of such bishop for six calendar months.
9S. And be it enacted, that if it shall happen that either of the bishops of Madras or Bombay shall be
translated to the bishopric of Calcutta, the period of residence of such person as bishop of Madras or Bombay
shall be accounted for and taken as a residence as bishop of Calcutta ; and if any person now an archdcncon
in the said territories shall be appointed bishop of Madras or Bombay, the period of his residence in India as
such archdeacon shall for all the purposes of this act be accounted for and taken as a residence as such
bishop.
99. Provided also, and be it enacted, that if any person under the degree of a bishop shall be appointed to
either of the bishopricks of Calcutta, Madras, or Bombay, who at the time of such appointment shall be rcsi-
dent in India, then and in such case it shall and may be lawful for the Archbishop of Canterbury, when and
as he shall be required so to do by his Majesty by his royal letters patent under the great seal of the said
United Kingdom, to issue a commission under his hand and seal, to be directed to the two remaining bishops,
authorizing and charging them to jierform all such requisite ceremonies for the consecration of the person
so to be appointed to the degree and office of a bishop.
100. And be it enacted, that the expences of visitations to be made from time to time by the said bishops
of Madras and Bombay respectively shall be paid by the said company out of the revenues of the said terri-
tories ; provided that no greater sum on account of such visitations be at any time issued than shall from
time to time be defined and settled by the court of directors of the said company, with the approbation of
the commissioners for the affairs of India.
101. And be it enacted, that no archdeacon hereafter to be appointed for the archdeaconry of the presi-
dency of Fort William in Bengal, or the archdeaconry of the presidency of Fort Saint George, or the arch-
deaconry of the presidency and Island of Bombay, shall receive in respect of his archdeaconry any salary
exceeding three thousand sicca rupees per annum; provided always, that the whole expence incurred in
respect of the said bishops and archdeacons shall not exceed one hundred and twenty thousand sicca rupees
per annum.
102. And be it enacted, that of the establishment of chaplains maintained by the said compaiiy at each of
the presidencies of the said territories two chajilains shall always be ministers of the church of ScotlBnd, and
shall have and enjoy from the said company such salary as shall from time to time be allotted to the mlMfary
chaplains at the several i)residencies : provided always, that the ministers of the church of Scotland to be
appointed chaplains at the said presidencies as aforesaid shall be ordained and indi 2ted by the Presbytery of
Edinburgh according to the forms and solemnities used in the church of Scotland, and shall be subject to
the spiritual and ecclesiastical jurisdiction in all things of the Presbytery of Edinburgh, whose judgmcn's
shall be subject to dissent, protest, and appeal to the provincial svnod of Lothian and Tweedale, and to the
general assembly of the church of Scotland : provided always, that nothing herein contained shall be so con-
strued as to prevent the governor general in council from granting fiom time to time, with the sanction o!'
the court of directors and of the commissioners for the affairs of India, to any sect, persuasion, or commu-
nity of Christians not being of the united church of ]'",ngland and Ireland, or of the church of Scotland, such
sums of money as may be expedient for the purpose of instruction or for the maintenance of jiJacTs of
worship.
103. And whereas it is expedient to provide for the due qualification of persons to be employed in the
civil service of the said company in the said territories, be it therefore enacted, that the said governor-general
of India in council shall, as soon as may be after the first day of January in every year, make and transmit to
the said court of directors a prospective estimate of the number of persons who, in the opinion of the said
governor- general in council, will be necessary, in addition to those already in India or likely to wUnn
from Europe, to supply the expected vacancies in the civil establishments of the respective governments in
g; and that tlie
[5 of Calcutta for
to such hishnp-
> tl>e said bishop
direct.
ny letters patent
pointment of any
by the president
r:cessors, by war-
r the time being,
the British tcrri-
iidrcd pounds per
and appointed to
;hin six calendar
on him the office
■ of such bisliop
• sums of money
3 salary, make up
such bishop shall
months from the
ry such case there
J so dying shall be
liim at the time of
nths.
• Bombay shall he
Vladras or Bombay
low an archdeacon
sidence in India as
residence as such
all be ai)pointed to
;ment shall be rcsi-
iterbury, when and
eat seal of the said
remaining bishops,
ion of the person
the said bishops
of the said ttrri-
Ihan shall from
the approbation of
iconry of the prcsi-
;e, or the arch-
aeon ry any salary
pence incurred in
isand sicca rupees
lompany at each of
^h of Scotland, and
;tedto the military
of Scotland to be
the Presbytery of
hall be subject to
whose judginen's
•eedale, and to the
ed shall be sown-
ith the sanction of
asion, or conimu-
of Scotland, such
inance of places of
employed in the
.. governor-general
ke and transmit to
)inion of the said
iir likely to retmn
c governments in
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
169
India in such one of the subsequent years as shall be fixed in the rules and regulations herein-after men-
tioned; and it shall be lawful for the said board of connnissioners to reduce such estinia'e, so that the rea-
sons for such reduction be given to the said court of directors ; and iu the month of June in every year, if the
said estimate shall have been then received by the said board, and if not, then within one month after such
estimate shall have been received, ''ue said board of commissioners shall certify to the said court of directors
what number of persons shall be nominated as candidates for admission, and what number of students shall
be admitted to the college of the said company at Maileybury in the then current year, but so that at least
four such candidates, no one of whom shall be under the age of seventeen or above the age of twenty years,
be nominated, and no more than one student admitted for every such expected vacancy in the said civil
establishments, according to such estimate or reduced estimate as aforesaid ; and it shall be lawful for the
said court of directors to nominate such a number of candidates for admission to the said college as shall be
mentioned in the certificate of the said board ; and if the said court of directors shall nut within one month
after the receipt of such certificate nominate the whole number mentioned therein, it shall be lawful for the
said board of commissioners to nominate so many as shall be necessary to supply the deficiency.
104. And be it enacted, that when and so often as any vacancy shall happen in the number of students in
the said college by death, expulsion, or resignation it shall be lawful for the said board of commissioners to
add in respect of every such vacancy one to the number of the students to be admitted and four to the num-
ber of candidates for admission to be nominated by the said court in the following year.
10,'). And be it enacted, that the said candidates for admission to the said college shall ho subjected to an
examination in such branches of knowledge and by such examiners as the said board shall direct, and shall
be classed in a list to be prepared by the examiners, and the candidates whose names shall stand highest in
such list shall be admitted by the said court as students in the said college until the number to be admitted
for that year, according to t!ie certificate of the said board, be supplied.
lOfi. And be it further enacted, that it shall be lawful for the said board of commissioners and they are
hereby required, forthwith after the passing of this act, to form such rules, regulations, and provisions for
the guidance of the said governor-general in council in the formation of the estimate herein-before men-
tioned, and for the good government of the said college, as in their judgment shall appear best adapted to
secure fit candidates for admission into the same, and for the examination and qualification of such candi-
dates, and of the students of the said college, after they shall have completed their residence there, and for
the appointment and remuneration of proper examiners ; and such plan, rules and regulations and provisions
respectively shall be submitted to his Majesty in council tor his revision and approbation ; and when the
same shall have been so revised and approved by his Majesty in council, the same shall not afterwards be
altered or repealed, except by the said board of commissioners, with the approbation of his Majesty in
council.
107. And be it enacted, that at the expiration of such time as shall be fixed by such rules, regulations,
and provisions made as aforesaid, so many of the said students as shall have a certificate from the said col-
lege of good conduct during the term of their residence therein shall be subjected to an examination in the
studies prosecuted in the said college, and so many of the said students as shall appear duly (|ualified shall
be classed according to merit in a list to be prepared by the examiners, and shall be nominated to supply the
vacancies in the civil establishments :n India, and have seniority therein according to their priority in the
said list ; and if there shall be at the same time vacancies in the establishment of more than one of the said
presidencies, the students on the said list shall, according to such priority, have the right of electing to which
of the said establishments they will be appointed.
108. And be it enacted, that no api)ointment of any professor or teacher at the said college shall be valid
or effectual until the same shall have been approved by the board of commissioners.
loy. And be it enacted, that every power, authority, and function by this or any other act or acts given
to and vested in the said court of directors shall be deemed and taken to be subject to such control of the
said board of commissioners as in this act is mentioned, unless there shall be something in the enactments
conferring such powers, authorities, or functions inconsistent with such construction, and except as to any
patronage or right of appointing to office vested in or reserved to the said court.
110. Provided alw&ys, and be it enacted, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to enable the
said board of commissioners to give or cause to be given directions ordering or authorizing the payment of
any extraordinary allowance or gratuity, or the increase of any established salary, allowance, or emolument,
unless ill the cases and subject to the provisions in and subject to which such directions may now be given
by the said board, or to increase the sum now payable by the said company on account of the said board,
except only by such salaries or allowances as shall be payable to the officers to be appointed as herein-
before is mentioned to attend upon the said board during the winding up of the commercial business of the
said company.
111. And be it enacted, that whenever in this act, or in any act hereafter to be passed, the term East India
Company is or shall be used, it shall be held to apply to the united company of merchants of England trading
to the East Indies, and that the said united company of merchants of England trading to the East Indies may,
in all suits, proceedings, and transactions whatsoever after the passing of this act, be called by the name of
the East India Company.
1 12. And be it enacted, that the Island of Saint Helena, and all forts, factories, public edifices, and here-
ditaments whatsoever in the said island, and all stores and property thereon fit or used for the service of the
government thereof, shall be vested in his Majesty, his heirs and successors, and the said island shall be
governed by such orders as his Majesty in council shall from time to time issue in that behalf.
M'A. And be it further enacted, that every supercargo and other civil servant of the said company, now
employed by the said company in the factory at Canton or in the Island of Saint Helena, sbull be capable of
taking and holding any office in any presidency or establishment of the said territories w liich he would have
jl
m
"( ■ ''I
lAt' i
m
ICO
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
been capable of taking anil holding if he had been a civil servant in such presidency or on such establishment
during the same time as he shall have been in the service of the said company.
1 14. And be it enacted, that from and after the passing of this act all enactments and provisions directinc
the said company to provide for keeping a stock ot tea shall be repealed.
115. And be it enacted, that it shall be lawful for any court of justice established by his M.-yesty's char-
ters in the said territories to approve, admit, and enrol persons as barristers, advocates, and attornies in such
court without any licence from the said company, any thing in any such charter contained to the contrary
notwithstanding ; provided always, that the being entitled to practise as an advocate in the principal courts
of Scotland is and shall be deemed and taken to be a qimlitication for admission as an advocate in any court
in India equal to that of having been called to the bar in Knglnnd or Ireland.
110. And be it further enacted, that the court of directors of the said company shall, within the said four-
teen days next after the first day of May in every year, lay l)afore bjth h )\isi's of parliament an account
made up according to the latest advices which shall have been received, of the annual produce of the revenues
of the said territories in India, distinguishing the same and the respective heads thereof at each of their
several presidencies or settlements, and of all their annual receipts and disbursements at home and abroad
distinguishing the same under the respective heads thereof, together with the latest '"'•u...."'.''eof thesame and
also the amount of their debts, with the rates of interest they respectively car; y, and the ai.nual amount of
such interest, the state of their effects and credits at each presidency or settl',ment, and in England or else-
where, according to the latest advices which shall have been received thereof, and also a list 6f their several
establishments, and the salaries and allowances payable by the said court of directors in respect thereof- and
the said court of directors, under the direction and control of the said board of commissioners, shall forth-
with prepare forms of the said accounts and estimates in such manner as to exhibit a complete and accurate
view of the financial affairs of the said company; and if any new or increased salaries, establishments or
pensions shall have been granted or created within any year, the particulars thereof shall be specially stated
and explained at the foot of the account of the said year.
117. And be it enacted, that this act shall commence and toke effect from and after the passing thereof so
far as to authorize the appointment or prospective or provisional appointment of the governor-general' of
India, governors, members of council, or other officers, under the provisions herein contained, and so far as
herein- before in that behalf mentioned, and to all other matters and things, from and after the twenty-second
day of April next.
[The following is an abstract of the Charter granted hy the. Supreme Government in 1835; the side-
heads alone are given.l
3 D.- CHARTER «"F THE BANK OF BENGAL.
The act recites the former charters of 1823 and 1809. Provision of former charter giving to govern-
ment the power of increasing the capital stock referred to. Notice issued by government under above
provision referred to. Opening subscription for twenty lacks additional capital. The same duly com-
municated to proprietors at general meeting f)th April 1835. The said additional capital being duly sub.
scribed on the date preceding date of the charter. And proprietors having determined to apply for a new
charter. To be exchanged for the old as provided therein. And the governor-general in council having agreed
to grant a new charter. And the old charter being surrendered. And it being determined to express the
new capital in the new rupees recently issued. And 70 lacks of sa, rs. being equal to 74,r)G,G66-10-8 of
the said new rupees, which the governor-general in council agrees to make up to 7.5 lacks by taking
33,333-5-4 for government. And has paid up the said sum. And the 5 lacks is to be divided into 1875
shares of 4,000 company's rupees each. Of which the government takes 275. Numbered from 1 to 275,
leaving I, COO to be divided amongst proprietors as i)er schedule annexed. Therefore the governor-general
in council accepts surrender of the charter of 1823, and under the act 47 Geo. Ill, and the powers con-
ferred by the act 3 and 4 William IV., and grants and confirms. That the governor-general and the members
of council, and the proprietors of the l.fiOO shares. Shall continue to be one body politic. With power
to use a common seal, and to hold lands, &c., and to sue and be sued, &c. &c. The sum of company's
rupees 75,00,000 shall be the capital stock of the bank. The capital to be divided into 1,875 shares
■whereof 275 are to belong to government under trust of the governor-general in council for the time being.
l.fiOO shares to be the property of sharers as per schedule their executors and assigns. Share certificates
to be signed by three directors. To be transferable by endorsement only. But the transfer not to be effec-
tive without nor until registration. Which is to be noted with the date on the back of the share. Shares
divisable into quarters. And fresh certificates to be given for each quarter. Assignable &c. as entire shares.
May be reunited by the holder of all the fractions of a share Governor-general in council may increase the
capital. Giving notice to the directors for communication to proprietors. At a general meeting A term
not less than months to he given for existing projirietors to take the new capital. No proprietor to talce
more than the proportion of his interest if more be subscribed for than the increase. If the whole he not
taken by proprietors the subscription to become public as to the excess untaken. Directors to sell the un-
taken excess in shares bringing proceeds to credit. Purchasers and subscribers to become proprietors with
like privileges to others. No proprietor to hold jointly or in partnership more than 40 shares of 4,000 each.
Saving the E. I. Company holders of 275 shares and entitled to subscribe for proportion of any augmenta-
tion. But this limit not to prrjudice the right of subscription to fresh capital. Nine directors to he
appointed to manage the bank three by government and six by election of proprietors. Existing three
government directors to continue during pleasure of governor-general in council who may remove and
appoint successors to all or any. Elected directors to continue to sit for the period prescribed in the late
charter. On the 15th December of every year two directors to go out by rotation and other two to be
elected.
resignati(
elected Ir
be a direc
All other
governmt
elected to
cutta. P
resolution
take othei
scssed of (
votes. Te
Forty shai
carrying si
or remove
prietors m
his attorni
than sever
capacity to
meeting.
proprietors
to elect am
nf;ce.«sary.
Which sum
and servant
privileges ai
Directors tc
others may
Which nun
directors wl
only to com
l)rietors at g
engage in tr
secretary an
scribe an oal
engage in tri
to discountir
lUit bank mi
may sell seci
effect sales.
immediately
discount or 1
and the cash
to run. Nor
tent. Bank
Nor to any i
case of dejio
another. No
so as to be at
rishable articl
bank shares.
draw. Bank
directors may
exceeding ten
for safe custot
Directors to ci
June and 31st
council to hav
Bank directors
termined by c:
January and 1
debtors to the
the share ; unt
be sold and reg
debt and excess
up to the 30t
Business of pro
he given to the
» general meetii
such meeting ir
Ten proprietors
I establishment
sions directing
Miycsty's char-
tornies in such
to the contrary
)rincipal courts
te in any court
n the said four-
it an account,
of the revenues
at each of their
me and abroad,
)f the same, and
niial amount of
ingland or else-
6f their several
^ct thereof ; and
lers, shall forth-
ete and accurate
ablishments, or
specially stated
ssing thereof, so
jrnor-general of
id, and so far as
e twenty-second
(35 ; the side-
jiving to govern,
ent under above
same duly corn-
being duly sub.
apply for a new
cil having agreed
:A to express the
l,r)G,G6(;-10-8 of
lacks by taking
lividcd into 1875
1 from 1 to 275,
governor- general
the powers con-
ind the members
With power
m of company's
ito l,«"5 shares
the time being,
[share certificates
not to be effec-
share. Sliares
as entire shares,
may increase the
leeting. A term
iroprietor to take
[he whole be not
•s to sell the un-
proprietors with
•es of 4,000 each,
any augmenta-
directors to be
Existing three
,.ay remove and
;ribed in the late
other two to be
Ain'l'NDlX IV.— ASIA.
W.l
elected. Those who go out not cligilili' for iinniodiate re-olection nor till after one year. In case of doalh or
resignation a reelection to he ninclc witliin liftucn days, or as so!)u alter as possible on date advertized. The
elected locum-tcnens to go out in the rotation of the director who iiiaile the vac.iucy. No peison eligible to
be a director who shall not hold shares In bis own right. Nor if director of any other bank in C':ilcutta.
All others, native or European, eligible unless excepted by act of pnrllainent or of the legislative council. The
government directors to be public officers. And need not be sharers. Directors whether government or
elected to take oath. Before the governor- general or a judge of the supreme court or a magistrate of Cal-
cutta. Proprietors may by a majority remove any elected diieetor for misconduct. And may declare by
resolution a government director objectionable wlieren|)oii the government will either order his removal or
take other steps for satisfaction of the proprietors. No proprietor to vote at general meetings unk";s pos-
sessed of one share of 4,000 company's rupees registered at least (i months before. Five shares to give two
votes. Ten shares thioe votes. Fifteen shares four votes. Twenty shares five votes, 't'liirty shares six votes.
Forty shares seven votes, which is the maximum, (iovernment may give proxy signed by chief secretaiy
carrying seven votes and no more. Hut goverTiment not to vote for elective directors nor for appointment
or removal of inferior ofiicers or servants of the bank. Nor on (piestions of interior niana'^ement. 5'ro-
prietors may give general or special proxies to other proprietors. These to be signed by the proprietor or
his attorney and deposited in the bank. No proprietor or joint proprietor to give by self or proxies more
than seven votes. Proxies to be given to single individuals. Not to partnerships. Hut no one in any
capacity to give more than seven votes. List to be made of registered proprietors before each general
meeting. With specification of the date of registry of each share. The list to be produced and exhibited to
proprietors at each meeting. Directors to choose a president for each year. Hut may re-elect. Directors
to elect and appoint a secretary and treasurer both in one. Also a head accountant. And other officers
necessary. With suitable salaries. Hut the total charge for cstablishnicnt not to exceed 00,000 cy. rs.
Which sum is not to bo exceeded without express sanction of proprietors. Diiectors may dismiss officers
and servants at pleasure. When the president may not attend the next senior director to preside with his
privileges and powers. Three directors to be a quorum for business. The president to have a casting vote.
Directors to establish a rotation for attendance of three each week for dispatch of current business. Hut
others may attend out of rotation. Contracts and deeds except cash notes to be signed by three directors.
Which number of signatures is essential to validity. Seal not to bo affixed except in presence of three
directors who are to sign in attestation. Besides witnesses. Directors to regulate current business subject
only to condition of non-repugnance to the charter or to law or to bye-laws approved and passed by lu'o-
prietors at general meeting. The secretary and treasurer, head accountant and native Kbazancbec not to
engage in trade, nor to act as agents or brokers. lUit this ii()t to extend to coini)any's servants who may be
secretary and treasurer or bead accountant. These officers to give security in tilty thousand and to sub-
scribe an oath or affirmation Oefore a judge of the supreme court or magistrate as above. The bank not to
engage in trade. Or agency for buying and selling pulilic securities or goods. Its business to be confined
to discounting bills, keeping cash accounts, deposits, circulating cash notes, &c. as below provided at length.
But bank may purchase bullion. And deal therein as the bank of England is allowed to do by statute. And
may sell securities or any property deposited or recovered in satisfaction of debts. And do the needful to
effect sales. Bank may discount and make loans only when the cash and government securities in hand or
immediately available amount to one fourth the notes and outstanding claims half thereof to be cash. No
discount or loan operation to be entered upon if the cash and government securities are less than one fourth
and the cash alone of one eighth. No negotiable security to be discounted that has more than three months
to run. Nor loan to be made for longer period than three months. Nor at higlier interest than 12 per
cent. Bank not to be in advance to government in loans beyond 7^ lacks. Company's paper excepted.
Nor to any individual. Beyond such amount as the governor-general in council may fix. Except in the
case of deposit. Bills and other negotiable securities to bear two good names. Unconnected with one
another. Not to make loans except on deposit of compair '"^ paper. Blank endorsed or specially endorsed
so as to be at absolute disposal of at least equal amount to the loan. Nor on bullion, |)late or other uripe-
rishable articles beyond the amount of three fourths of the estimated value. No advance to be made on
hank shares. Nor on lands or houses. Bank may open cash accounts. But nobody to be allowed to over-
draw. Bank may issue bank notes and bank jiost bills with short dates. Signed by such person as the
directors may appoint servant or no servant. But not for less amount than ten company's ru|)ecs not
exceeding ten thousand. The total issues never to exceed four times the capital. Bank may receive deposits
for safe custody on terms of accommodation. Consisting of treasure, jewels, plate, and uuiierisbable articles.
Directors to cause books of account to be kept. To balance them every six months; viz. on the 30th
June and 31st December. Copy of the balance sheet to be furnished to government. Governor-general in
council to have full pow-er to call for information. And for books. ».nd to ajipoint officers to inspect books.
Bank directors bound to furnish on requisition by letter of secretary to government. Dividends to be de-
termined by directors from actual profits of the period. And to be declared every six months viz. 1st
January and 1st July. Unclaimed dividends to beheld and not appropriated. Hut if proprietors become
debtors to the bank ; dividends may be appropriated in liquidation. And may refuse registry in transfer of
the share ; until the debt be satisfied. If not discharged in months after notice. The share or shares may
be sold and registered in the purchaser's name. The proceeds to be carried to account in litpiidation of the
debt and excess paid over. Directors to submit a general account of the bank all'airs every 1st August made
up to the 30th June. With a report thereon. Proprietors may consider and pass resolution thereon.
Business of proprietors to be done on stated days of the year unless holidays. Or after such notice as may
be given to the period of notice being regulated by the exigency. But any of three directors may convene
ageneral meeting for a special purpose giving fifteen days notice in the government gazette. And the acts of
such meeting in relation to the purposes advertised to be valid and binding as other acts at otiier meetings.
Ten proprietors may at any time similarly call a meeting. Majority of directors may frame law.s and ordi-
I 'I; I
;:;:,rt
\C'i
AI'PKNDIX IV.— ASIA.
iinncos. Wliicli lifforo tlii^y boroim^ liiniliiij; slinll he piihlislicil in tlic sa/.rtfc. Ten propiii'tdrs miiy CDnVfiu-
n KcnrrnI mrrtiiif; to fnkc such byp-liiws iiitd consideration, (living lifti'i'ii ihiys notice. S|)ccilyiiiK inten-
tion to iihronntc or nineiid. And the specilic uinendninits to he |iroposed. Ahro'.jntion or luiicndiiu lit folic
(letenniiu'd l)y the iniijority ol'tiie niectiiii;. If no notice of nicctiiijj; in given in two calendnr iiiontlis in iln;
hyclnw lie iilllirined ill a !;i'iicial meeting it shall hecoiiic hindiiii-. Until rcpealcil or alleri'd. 'i"he ntneiiil-
nient if passed at a i^eiieral ineefiiii; to lieeoiiio hiiidinv; until repealed or altered. I'Aiatiii^ hye-laws t<i xtaiid,
Directors desiriuf; to repeal a hye-law. To conic to a vote or nsolntion to the ciVect and !;ivc notice in the
gazette Ten proprietors may hrin,:; tin' vote or rcsolulioii to (piestion as Inforc. It no notice he ij;iven tor
lye law to he repialed. The hu'-laws may iiiipn
liy distress. Or icciivercd hy action of assiiin|isif,
As may he ordered in the hyc-laws. If nasonahlc and not contrary to hiw. (Jr may hi' levied hy ;y)
two months. Or the residution he not rescinded. Tin
tines on persons hound therehy. The same to he levied
y\s may oe ornereil m tlie nyc-laws. ii leasonanie ann iioi i-oniiary to ia\v. \jr may iie u'vieu uy :y)pr(i|iri-
ation of dividends or sale of share if lui'rssary. (ioveriior-sJivni ral in council may upon tnie years iKitice
dissolve the hank. The order siixned hy the chief secretary to he sulVu'ieut notice. Hank to he dissolved (Jiie
year after. I'>nt in (;ase of dissolution the capital and protUs to the day of dissolution to heloni,' to proprie-
tors. That is the company to take ifs share. And the proprietors tor the time hciiii; their's. Hirectois in
.'iich case to make n sclieme of distiihution. Wliicli shall he :=uhmit1ed to proprietors at a j^eneral meetin,'.
Annual or special, ("liviiit; at leist one month's iiotici-. And the matter to he decided hy u majority llienat.
Nothing to pri'vent the hank from surrenderint; and nceeptiuj; a new chartir.
:i E.— CEYLON CHARTER OK JUSTICE, 18:in.
\Vii,i,i.\M tlip Fourth, by tlip eraop of find, of the fnitcil KliiKitoiii ofOrc.it Hritalii and Ireland Kiiifr. Defender nl tlic
rnitli, \e.to all wlinin tliese pre^iiiN slinll cmne, creetiiiir:
I. Wlicreas, Ills l;itt' Majesty Kiiic (iccirue the 'I'liiiil, liy three sever.al charters and li-ttrr^. latent under llio p-ivat mmI
of tlio Ignited Kinijdoin of (Ireat liritain and Ireland, liearin^ d;;ti' ri'siiei'tucly at Wesliniiistcr tiie Islli day of April, in iln'
year of'air l.i'rd, isol, the -iMli day of .Nnirmt, in tlie year of nnr lord, lini, nnil the :ioili day ofOr'olier, in Uie yr.irci
onr Lord, isi l, did cstnl.lish within his said late M:iji>ly's setileivcTit of tlie is'and of Ceylon and the territnrics and d.'|i!ii.
dencicN thereof, a certain coiirl ealled the supreme court of iniiie.itiire in the island ol Ceylon, and aeeitain otla'r ciiirt
called till' hiirh eiiiirt of appeal in the island of Ciyhm, and did inaVi I'erlaiii other pnu'^ii. us for the due nihiiinisli'^iti'ii if
justice in the sai<l settlement, territories, mid depeiHU-iieies : Aiul wlu-reas sin.'c llie day on which the l;\st of tlu- said srvi-ial
charters and letters. patent hears date, a ri rtiiii territory in the interior of the said i liiid of Ceylon, e.dled the kin;;iliim nf
Kniidy, or tlie Kandyan provinces of tlie island of Ceyl ai, hatli heeoiiic and now is suhjeet to his .M ijisty, wherehy the wia lo
island of Ceylon wilii its dependencies has lieemiie and now is part of his .Majestj 's diaiiiiiioiis : And whereas it i., pr r. iili d
liy each ami every of the said several charters and IrMers-pntont, that notliint;- therehi rcspeetivi'ty conlaineil, ir any »cf
which ■-lioiild he d^aie under the iinthority tliereof respectively, rhonl I e\t( ml or he deemed or ei nstnied to eMend topiv
vent his s:iid late Majesty, his heirs and successors, iVom maUiiii; siieli further or other provi -ion lor the admiiii'tration iif
.iii--tice thioiitrhimt tlic said settlements and territories in llie --aid i-land of Ceylon with !la ir liepender.cics, at his and llieir
will ai'd pleasure, and as cinainist uiees iniirht reipiire, his late .Ma.ie-.tj meaniin,' and iiiteii.iiiii; fnlly and ahs.iliitely, iiu,!
to all iii'.eids and pprpo-es whatsoe- er, to re.-erve to hiuiseh'liis heirs and siieeess r-, such and the same riu:lit- and pnwirs
in and over the said settlements, territmie-;, and dein niU'iuies and every part tliereof, and esiieeially tonehiiur the adiiici.-.
tration of justice therein, and all other inalters and tilings in and hy tiie said several charters and le!ters-p\lent proviileil
for, as if the said several charters anil letten'-p;xleiit hail not lieeii made, aiiythiin,' tli' rein eonlaiiii'd, or any, law, cibtnia,
nsa^e matter or tiling wliat-oe\er to the caitrary in any .vise n.i'wit'.istaiulinfr : .\iid ■■ leTeas it is expedient to nia!;e iiviiv
pa-neral ami more etfeetnal provi- i-ii fir the admini'^trition of je.-tie" in the said isl mil and its dejie deiuaes ; Now loiow \e,
that we on hill eonsidcr.itioii of the premises, and of our certain knowledi?c and mere motion, have tlioii.u:lit tit to ivviike
and annul, ar.d do hereby revoke and annul each and every of the s-iid charter., and letters-patent, siieh revoeition to take
ctfeet a* and from alter the time when ^ha liereinafler mentioned; this our charter will come into (nicr.ati.m in our said
island.
•1. .And whereas in the several <ri-triet~ pnd provinces of the said i-land there innv are scver.il courts appointed to admi-
nister justice hy the exerci-^e of oriiiinal jurisdiction to the iiihat.ilants of the said districts and provinces, known resiiec-
tively hy the names andtilles of the proviiiciil courts, the courts of ihesiitimr in i';-istrate-, the court of the judicial eoMiiiis.
sioiier, the eimrt of the jiidieial a^ent, the courts of the airents of jfnvernnieiit, the rovenuc ei arts, and tlieeoiirt nftlie
sitting mnfri-trate of the .Mahahadde : And whereas such courts after nnciiu- t'r.emselves in re neet ol their coii-t tntioii, ef
their rules of pnecihire, and of tlie kinds and decrees - f jari -diction -Alheii tiiey exercise within tlie liuiits m their re-p-.-c-
tive di.-tricts or provinces : N'o-.v know ye, that we up i lull consideration of the preinises have t!i ni4:ht lit to direct, onlain
and appoint, that the said provincial ciurts, the said eourts of the sitliai; ma,-i^trates, the sail cairt of the jiidieinl com.
missioner, the said court of flio judieid a';ent, the said ciairts of the ap;eiits of ir ivernment, the said revenue courts, ami
the said court of the sittimr mafristrate of the Mahahadde, shall he and the s tme are hereliy resneelively aholislied, --iH'h
abolition to take effect at and from alter the time when vas hereinafter mentioned, this our charter will came into operatinii
in onr said island.
;!. And whereas the governor of mir said island for the thne hcinfr, and the said court of flip judicial c-'mmissioncr
have hitherto exercised an appellate jiirisdiclioii for the administration of ju-iiee in cert lin ca-e- aii-in;.? in tue iC.iiuiynn
provinces of onr said islands : .-Viid whereas certain courts ealled the minor courts of aiipial, and eerf.iin court-: ealled tlie
minor courts of appeal from revenue cases, have liitherto exercised an appellate jiiris.'detion f >r the a liuini.stratioii of jastia'
in certain eases arir iiiii- in the maritime provinces of the said i--land ; .\nd whereas the exi; tenee of !iever:Vl In lepeiidiat ii])-
pellate judicatures in the said island t.-'i.ls to intividuee uncrtainty into the adininistrati ai of ju-t'cc laere : N'ow kivnv ye,
that we u))oii full consider.ition of the premises, have thoiip;ht tit to direct and "rdain, and do her 'hy direct and ordain, lii.it
the said appellate jurisdictions of the ;joveruor of the said inland, and of the said c mrt of the juilieial c iiiimissidiier ri'vpii'-
tively, sliall he and the same are hereby respectively aboli-^'ied, and that the said minor courts of appeal, and llie sai.l aiiiuir
courts of appeal for revenue cases, and sucli their apiiellate jurisdiction, shall he and the same are hereby aliiili .bed.
4. Ami to provide for the admini-tratii;n of justice herealfer in onr said isluul, our will and pleasure is, and'.veilo
hcrphy direct, that the entire admniistr.ation of justice, civil and erimiiial, tlierein shall be vested exelu<i\ely in the e mrts
rreeted and constituted by this our charter, and such other courts as may be liolden within the said island nnd-.r any cini-
nii-^sion issued or to be issued in '.lursuance of the statutes in that ease made and provided for the trial of otl'enceseiniiiiittcdnn
the seas, or within the jurisdietien of our Lord lli);li Admiral or the counnissioners for e.xeeiitiu!; his ollice, 'ir under any ci'iii-
mission issued or to be issued by our Lord lliirh Admiral or by the commissioners lor I'xecutiin; his ollice lor the tiii.e heiiiu'.
And it is our ple.a.'Ure, and we do hereby declare, that it is not and sh.all not he eonip. .eiit to the (fovi riior of our saiil
island, liy any law or ordinance to he by him made with the advice of the letrislativo council thereof or otherwise liinvsii-
ever, to constitute or e-tahlish any cairt for the administration of justice in any ease, civil or criminal, save as lierWii-
after is expressly saved and provided: Provided nevertheless, and wc do licretiy declare, that nothin;; herein cniiliiiiuil
shall entend i r be eiuistrncd to extend to prevent any persons from siibinitliuf,' tin ir dllferciiccs to the arliitraiioii nfeortiiiii
a-ssembUcs of the iubabitants of villaixes kno-.vn in our said island iiy the name of (iansalies.
;i. And we do hereby (;raut, ilirect, ordain, and appoint, that there shall he within the said island of Cejliai imc
supreme court, which slial'l he ealled " The Knpreme Court of the Island of Ceylon."
0. And .ve da direct and appoint, th.it the said supreme court of the island of Ce> Ion shall eousist of and he In hliii liy
Ami lipfore
style ol " t
time he n
said ishnid
sis'ii nianiiii
7. Am
justice, or
siieh -uspei
to illlrl for tl
iiiider the p
|il ire and St
i II) as afori
'11 ereated I
mw a|ipoiiit
or lieint,- atis
H. And
tint a jiidire
cm lie know
and alter tin
most early, .
liiieet, and i
or nrders to I
III the exeeii
siieli chief jii
cliartre of tin
ti-in, tliroii;;!
H lull statcnu
(i.'iiee upon '
iiiitled to sue
<l. And
mill autliorlt;
jilNliee.
III. And
all ear .subjee:
the lime hein(
court of kin;,-s
II. And
fire all onr si
ii'ir for the tin
i-land and its <
i.foiir court o
!•.'. And '
iiiirtii the pri-i
I.I. And
and ii-e, as oc
rniiiiiliiitf the s
sli:ill he delivei
piii^iie justice I
chief justice, t
gdvenior of Hi
II. And \
accepliii(f, t.iki
cejitaiiee of siii
as llie case ma
place : l>ro\ide
<ir sliall forfeit 1
for the trial .am
Ci. And H
chief jiistiee of
senior puisne j
laiisiie justice i
Hi. And w
cllieer to be stv
justice of the s'a
mill the due cm
patent: I'rovich
tiii;e lieiiiK- slial
such pnernor.
1,". And w
pciiited to siiel
linse issncd iiiidi
luiy olfiee in the
juilt'o for the tin
IH. And w.
offices diiriii),' tli
tlie said court lo
lit. And wi
llie said sniircnu
ot the said siijire
ITinie court slm
tlie said supreme
, ■-'". And we
liiwel to appear,
court.
. lil. And we
ni:tratinn of ju,sl
"reuits to be call
"rciiit shall com
•lie s;ud island, a
tlie district of Ci
'li--triets parcel o
'" (lie said isliiiul,
ni»y foiivciii'
•ilyins iiitrii-
iidMuut to ho
iKiiillis or tlie
'I'lie imu'iiil-
liiws ti) «tai\(l.
notice in tlu'
:; bf 5;ivrn tor
s niny inn") >;
of iissnmp'iit.
1 by :i4)|iV(Hin-
? yoaiis iiiiti<'i'
,' (hssolvi'il diu'
in^; to ;)i'o|iiio-
l)iri'Ctoi< ill
iioriil nicrtiii','.
ajoiily llitri at.
, nofrnilor nl' ll»'
ilcr tlir fiTat -imI
ly of Aliiil, ill I! '■
I'V, ill llio y.'niMl
itorics anil (l.'i"'ii-
.■rtaiii iillit'i- cniirt
niliniiii>lrati"ii I'l'
I if tlu- said si'vc'ial
•d till- kiir.;ili'm nf
,vlll'l-l'll)-tlll' will li'
reus il i' pr i.iilul
aiiu'il, 11' any :»'
to I'NU-iul In I'lv-
• Hiliiiiiii- tvatimi (if
>s, at Ills ami tlu'ir
ml alis.iliitcly, a'l.l
ri,'lit- ami innvirs
cliiir.r the ailiiu'ii-
r-ii\toiit iir^vi li'il
iiin , law, c'ii:-t(iiii,
lliiMi't to nial;i' lUi'iv
Nowkii'iw \i',
luplil lit to ivvnke
I'ViH-atioii tiitalio
r;iti,)ii ill om' I'aiil
ilioiiitpil tn ailiiii-
kiinwii ivspcc-
• iiiilii'ial (■"laaiis-
ii'l tlii'Oiair; nf tlio
• <'(iii-t tnti'in, (if
t^ 111 tlu'ir ri'Si'i'-
t'l iliri'ct, (irilniii
»;U' jllilii'l'l i""ii-
iiuR' courts, ami
hcllislK'il, •■iH-li
lino into operaliiia
hil C'-mniissinncr
•; in tut' K.iiulyia
coiivt -1 cm1U':1 thf
straUoii of jastire
U in Iciu'iKl-ut ai>-
: N'dw kivnv ye,
t ami nril.iiii. 'ii^it
niiius--i;im.'r n'>iiic-
ml tlH'^ai.l miliar
iiiiiili-lH'il-
lire is, ami wo il»
-:i\ civ ill tla' ''larts
ml uii.l.T any cam-
ncc.-iMaiiiiit'f'l™
or muUr any com-
fiT the tiii-.o lieiii'i;.
ovrrmn-iilimrsaiil
r otlicr-visoliii'.v>i'-
il, savo as licri'in-
; llOlTill cDiuaiii™
"hiU'aiioii 1)1' ccrtuiii
y
AITKNDIX IV.-ASIA.
IM
*n
anil of (-'cNloii (1110
„f ;vmlli>'li'''l'^"''*'
mill lii'fori' one I'l.lif liistlci' anil two imisni" jiisfi t-s, nml tlint tin- iliicl Jiisticr shiill lip callinl ami known liy t'i<" rnipir and
>.tyU' ol " till- ildftiiislitv of till' iidiuid ot C'rylon ;" and timt llic said cliirt JiistU'i' and piiisiir .In^tiirs shall Inmi time to
tiiiio Ih' noininaliil and app lintcd to sncli tlu'ir iiii'i liv k-ttc N-mtMil, t > lio Isdii'd nil U'r tlir piilili • sell of flu;
said island, in pin-iiaiici' of warrants to he from linn' to linio is>m'd liy iw, our tu'lrs and smiTssors, under ournrthilr
sinii iiiaiiiial, and shall hold such tliiir oIlU'is ilnrii" tin- pf. asiiic of us, onr heirs nnd successors.
". And «c do lurthcr direct and appoint, lliil npnn llio ili'ath, le iKiiatimi, sickness, or incapacity of llir said chief
jasticc, or any 111 the said pni:ni' justices, nr in ea.-e of the ali'-i iicc ol any oi tlii'in irmii tlic s.iid isl.uid, or in Cii-e of any
siicli .■nspcn^illn Irnni ollice as hiTciinlUr iiicnliMncd, ol any such chief jnsiice i r laii- ne jn-lice, il shall aiul may I'C la\\lnl
til ami fur the irovenior of onrsaid Nlaml Inr the lime hcin:;, liy lcttcr.--palent to I e I y hii.. Ii r that piirpo-e made anil l-siied
Hiiilcr the pnhhe -e il of the siild i-land, to nominate ami appoint some lit and proper person it pci«ons to act as um| lu the
pi II e and stead nf any such chid jii-tice or puisne jn-licc so d) ini; or reslnnintr, or lahoiiriiiir iinilcr such sickness or iiicapa-
liiy as aforesaid, or licin;; so ahscnt as aforesaid Inmi the said colony, or lieini,' .osiispemled until the vacancy or vaeareies
Ml created liy any such death, or rc-.ii;natiiin, or sickness, or incipicity, or ali-cnce, or sii'-peiisioii, shall hi' supgiliid hy h
new appointment to he made in niauner aforesaid, or until the chief jie-tice i-r imlsne justice so heci'ininir sick or iiieipahle,
or nciiij,' Hlisent or siispcndeil as alore- aid, sh ill rcsiniie such his oiiici-, and enler into the discliarcc of the ilnlies thereor.
H. And whereas case^ may arise in which it may seem iiice^-ary to our irnvernor for the time licini; ol our said isl mil,
til it a jiidce 111 the said court shmild I e siH|:emlcd truiu the cNcrei-e of his functions therein provi-ionally until our plea -lire
cm he known, and it is expedient tint no such act of suspension -hoiild lake place except upon the most evident necessity
and alter the mo- 1 mature dclih nitii'ii ; and thiit in .iiiy such event the ji ';;e who may l.e so suspended should receive tliu
ill "st early, eomplcte, and aiithculic inlnriiial ion of the irrouii'ls of ^(n•h pi oceedinir^ airainst liiiii ; We do tlien'hirc declare,
liio'ct, and appoint, that it ■hall lie and may la- li.'\Oil for the n'over.inr of our -aid inland hir the tiiiic hein;;, hy any order
i.r rrdcrs to he hy liiiii f 'r that pnrpns.' ni;ii!c am! !-■ iicd under tiie puMic seal of the said 1-1 mil, with the advice and euiiscnt
1:1 the executive council of the sa'd isl.iud. or the major partoft'iini, iipuli proof of the iniscoiiilnct or iiicapaeily of any
■iich chief jn-tice or puisne justice as aliirc-aid, lait not otherwi-e, .o suspend him from such his oillcc and iruiu the di.s-
cliar:;e of the duties llicreof ; provi led that in every siicli ease the said irovernor ^linll iiaiiu'diately reporl hir onr iuforiiiii
tiin, throiuih I'lie of our principal -.eci-elarics ol state, the (.-riauids and c.inscs of such su-p. n.-iou j and provided also, lliat
K lull statement he entered on the miiiiites of the raid executive cnuncil of tlie inoiinils of such pr ci'edinu-, and oftlieevi-
(l,'!ice U|i'iii wliich the same lu.iy he foiU'.dMl, a lull copy of which niiiiiites and e.iU nee shall hy •uch piveruor he traiis-
iiiitU'd to such jllll^;e, tomlher with the order snspcndinr hliii from such Ids olhce.
<l. And we (111 lierehy reserve to us, cair heirs and successor';, with the advice of onr I'r their privy t'ouncil, full power
and authority to contiriu or to disallow any such suspeiisiou Ir.iui o:1iee us aforesaid of any siieli eliief justice or puisne
juslice.
in. And we do lierehy (;ive and irraiit to our s.aid chief justice fir the time hciiiir rank and preceiteiice iihove and before
all onr siihjects whiimsocier within the said isl ind and its depi udeueies, exccplin^r the >.'overnor or licutciiant-^'overnor for
llic time heimr thereof, and exccplinif such persons as hy law or usa^e in KniTlund lake place hefore our chief jiis'.ice of our
cmirt of kiii'js's hcncli.
II. And we do hi rehy (rive and "■r"iit to the saiil puisne justices for the time heiin,' rank and prcceileiice ahove and he-
fire all our siihjects whomsoever within the siid island and its dep.'udeneies, cxcei'liUK the };oieruor or lieutenant irover-
ii'ir for the time lieii'i; thereof, the said chief justice, and tiie ollicer lor the time heinir comuiandiiitr our fnrces in the said
i' land and its de|ieudeneies, and exeeplin;; such persons us hy law or usa:.?e in Kn^rlaiid t.ike place hefore our piii-ue ju--tiees
i-f our court of kiiit,''.- heiieh.
1'.'. And we do lierehy declare, that the said piii-ue Justices shall t.ike rank and pivcedence hetweeu tlieiu-elves accord-
iiifr to the priority of their ajipointnunls respectively.
1.1. And wc do furthei Komt. dirict, '■'•dain, ,"oui appoint, that the said supreme court of the island of I'eylori shall have
and ii-e, us occasion may re.|iiire, a. seal hearint,- a iic\iee ami impies-ioii of cur royal anii-^, with an e\eri,'ue or laiiel siir-
niaiidiu!? the same, with this iiisc.iiilion, " The .Seal of the Supreine Court of the i-^land of Ceylon ;" and that the said seal
shall he delivercil to and shall l.e kept in the en-tody of the said ciiiel justice, with lull lilert) to deli, er the same to any
piii-iic jii'-tice of the said court for any leinporary piir|i ise ; and in case of the vacancy of or suspeu-ion friin theoHiceof
chief justice, the same shall he deliveicd over to and kept in the custody of siicli person as shall he apiioiiiteil hy the suiil
governor of tlie said island to act as and in tlie place ami -tead of the said I'hief justice.
II. And we do further direct and appeint, that no such eliiet jn-tice or puisne iu-tiec as aforesaid shall he capahlc ol
accepting:, t.ikin;;-, or pen. iriniufr any other ortiee, place or prolit or emolinnent with. ii the said i laud, on pain that the ac-
ceiitance of such other otVice as ahae- aid shall he i/i.sn J'lirln an av;iii!aiiee of siieli his olVce of chief justice or pui-ne justice,
as the case may he, and the salary thereof ^hall cease aceordiii^'ly from the tiiue of such acee|itaiiee of any other otiicc or
place : Pro\ided nevertheless, that no such chief justice or piiisne jii.-tiee shall he renuered iiieapahle of holdini,' his ottlce,
iir shall tiirfeit his salary hy aceeptiufr the ollice of jndKC of the ei.int of vicv'-admiialty in the said island, or of commissioner
for the trial ami ailjiidicalioii of prize causes and other maiitinie iiucstioiis arisini.; in luiiia.
1.1. And we do lierehy constitute ami aiipoint our trie-ty and well-heloved .'•ar Charles Marshall, Knijrht, to l-.e the first
fliief jii.--tice of the said supreme court, and onr trn--ty ami uell-1. cloved W illiain Kou^'h, Ksiiiiire, Serjeant-at-law, to he the
SL'nior puisne justice ot the saul supreiue court, nml our trusty and well-hehiveil William Xorris, Ksiinire, to he the sctoml
puisne justice of the said sniireine court.
Hi. Ami we do lierehy direct, ordain, appoint, and declare, that there shall he attached and hchmp tn the said court nn
ctViccr to he styled the registrar and kee|ier of record-- of tiie said c mrt, nml such and so many other oflieers as to our chief
justice of the said court lor the time lieiuir shall troin time to time a|ipear to he lu'cessary for the admini-tratiou of justice,
ttial llio due exceiition of the [."iwcrs anil unthoritics which arc t;Tiuited and eonmiilled to the sail", court liy the e onr Icttcr-s-
paleiit: I'rovided ueverthcless, that no ollice shall he created in the ^ai■.l n'ort, unk.ss the iioveriu-r oftlie ^aid island for the
tinx' lieiui; shall tirst sij,'nily iiis npiirohatioii thereof to the said, chief justice for the time heinj,' in wiitiusj under the hand i)t
such jjiiicriior.
1,". And we do further direct and d.eelare our will to he, that all the suhordinate (ifiicers of tlie said ciurt shall he ap-
lii'iiited to such their oll.ces hy us, or hy the governor oi the ^■lid island ou lair I clialf, hy ei nimissioiis to he hir that jmr-
liiise issued under the puhlie seal of the said island : I'rovided iievertlu h ss, that all persons v.lio shall he ntt iclied to or hold
luiy olhce in the said court, as clerk or private sieretavy to any of tlie jiii!;j;is tliiieol, shall he appeinted to such oftice hy the
juiitjp for the time lieiii(i; \\ hom such person may so serve in any such e.ipacity.
IH. And we do further direct ami niipoiut, that the several ol,;ceis of the supreme court shall hold their respective
offices dnriii(!: the pleasure of us, onr heirs and successors, am! shall he suhject to he sn-^pemlcil from thiirothces therein by
the said couit for niistoiuluet or other sut^cicut cause.
III. And we do hereby uuthorize ami empower the said sujircme court to admit niul enrol as advocates or proctors in
the said supreme court all such persons, hein;? of frood repute, as shall upon examination hy one or more of the said justice.s
of the said suiiremc court appear to he of competent kniuvleiliie and ability : I'rovided always, that whenever the said sii-
prune court shall reluse to admit and eiirid any person apply iiiK to he admitted and enrolled as an advocate or proctor in
the said supreme court, the judges of the said court shall in open court assij^n ami declare the reason.s of rel'iisal.
.ill. And we do direct ami declare, that no person wliatsc?ever not so ailmiited and enrolled as aforesaid, shall be al-
low el to appear, plead, or act in the said -supreme court, for or on the behalf of uiiy other iierson beiiii; a suitor in the saiU
court
ai. And we do further declare our pleasure to be, and do hereby ordain nnd appoint, that for flic ptirposp of the ndini-
nitration of justice under this our eharlir, the said island ol C'ev hai ^llall be iiiviilcil into the district ot Colombo, and three
circuits to he called respectively the northern circuit, the southern cinnit and the eastern eiiMiit, and that the said iioithern
circuit shall comprise tlie district of Jaffna, tojjether with the several di-tricts wl.ich are parcel of the maritime provinces of
till' said island, and which lie to the west oftlie Kandyaii provinces ot ihe said island, between the said di>trict of Jafl'iia ami
tlie district of Colombo; and that the said soutliern district shall coni|irise the district of the MahaKBnipaltoo, and all the
ili.itricts parcel of the muriliine laovinces of the said island lyiiuv to tlie westwaril and southward of the Kaiidyan province
oftlie said ialuiul, between the district of tiic Maliagainpr.ltoo ami the district of Celombo j and that the .said eastern eircnit
im
Arri'MMX IV— ASfA.
I i
H
m
H Mi
Rl'nll romiirinc nil tlio Knnilyan provlncpn of tlic m.lil Island, nnil nil tin- iU»lri<ts parrcN of the innriUnic provlnros of the «fti(t
Ifli.iKllyliiK to till' Oiislwnril of liif Kiilulyiili provimrH ot tlio said jsliiiid, lii'twicii tlic ilistrii't ol Jitlfiiii and tlii' dlitrirt of tlii>
Vnlmp.Tiiipiittno ; I'rnvldiil iicvirtliilisM, Unit it -Imll lir liiwliil for tlif itoviinor for the tinic luiiiif of our Hnid Uland, nn
Bnv Rppli<'nticin to liiin lor Unit |iiu|mim' ni;uU' in writing, under the Imnds of tin- JudK"'s for tin- tinif bfinn of the «ftid mi
|iirmi' roiirt or till' nmjor purt ot tlifni, luit not ntlicrwiM', liy nny proclanintion or prorlaniiitinnM to In- from tinir i>>
tinir tor tlmt purpo-c i>-\ifd, to niter ns oeciislun iiuiy riipiire llie l)e(ore imiilioned divi-iinn of ilie said Island as iifori'Miiii,
mill to e'-talili-li any otlier illvisinii or di'. i-iiMis tljeieif lor that piirpo-e whirh may appear to ilie Mai<l governor and lli,
w hole nr Ilie major jiart of siuli jndire ire eonilneive to the piilihc lonveiiieiice and the effective administration of jnslii,.
In the said i-land. , , ,
TJ. And we do herehy nulhorlve and reipiire tlic pnvenior for the time liclnu of our said island, with the ronnirrenie
of the jn(l(,'es of the ►aid Mipri me eonrt, or the maji r part of lliem, hut not otherwise, hy any pnielamalion or pnielaiin.
lions to he hy him lor that purpose from time to thue l-.siieil, to siihdi\ iile into distrlets each ot the eirenits into whirli tli,-
huiil ii-laiid, exrliisive nl the distriel of Cohimho, ii, or shall lie in any man. ler aforesaid divided i and IVimi time to time wni,
the like eiiieirri li.e, > ut not otheiwi-e, to revoke, alter, and uniend any siieh proelamalioii or proelamations, aHo^■t•a^ic|l
iniiv reipiire, and whieli aiipoinlnunt ot the said cireiiit, ami dislriets shall he made in siirli a manner as may best eiijisi,t
with and prnmnle the prompt ami elVeelual admirii tration of Jusliee tluiein as herein liter mentioned. Provided always,
that until the said I'ireiiits siiall in mai.m r atiiresaal lie diviiled into districts in iiiiisuanee of this our ehnrter, the existini,'
lUvisioiis of our ^aid island lompriseil within tile ri^peeliie limits of the said eirenits respectively, shall for the purpoMs
lierei f he iliemed and taken to he >iieli distriiis as ah.resaid.
•j;i. .\iiil we <; ) further i,'rant, direct, and aiipnint, tliat within each and every distrlet of the said hlanil there shall lie
one court, to I v called the dislrict eonrt of smh district i and that i very such district eoiiit shall he hohlen hy and liefori r
JinlKC, to U'calleil the distrlet judi^e, and three lls^esslu■s, and th it every sueli district Judtje shall he appointed to siu-ii lij,
ollUe hy letters. patent, to he lor that purpose issued under the pill. lie seal nf the said island, hy tiie tjiiveriior thereof fm- iji,.
time heiiuv, in piir-nanee of warrants to he for that purpose addressed to li.iii liy ns, our heirs and sneiessors; provided Unit
such i;ovorror may ami he is hcreliv authorised and rei|iiired to issue such letters-paO'iit as alme'-aid provisionally ami siih
jcet to the liitniv -l^'iiilicatioii of the plee. lire of us, our heirs and siiecessors, and without any such warrant or warrants a
aforesaid, on any oeca-ion ir ocea^inns on which it may he necessary to make any such ai)i,ointmeiit or aiipointnnnl.,
behire the phasure of ns, our lieir> and successors can he know ii.
•Jl. And we do hcreliy declare, that the said district judges respectively shall hohl sneli their oftices duriiii,' the pleasure
of ns, our heirs and siii'ce--sors.
•J.l. And we do further ilireet and appoint, that the before mentioned asuessnre nlmll he selceted from amonifst our
subjects iiihahlliinr tlie •^aid i.-land, whether natives thereof or otherwise, and belli); respect able nnii of the fullaM:e of tweiily
one years and up« aids, and possessini; such ipialitications as shall Iroiii time to lime he (Ictermined hy any rules or orili rs
of eiiiirt to l,e made in the manner hereatfer mentioiieil, and not havinj; iieen convicted of any liilainous crime, nor lauiiiii-
in,%' nnili'r any si eh bodily or mental incapacity as would renderUiem unlit for the ilischarK'e of that otiiec.
•Jti. And wi' do hereliy re.-.ei ve to oiirsel, es, our heirs and successors, tlu' rifclit ol aiiiinintiiiK in each of the said distriot
rmirts one peisnn to act lis a permanent assessur, but in respect of nil assessors iiiilil any such appointment shall he iiiailr,
and alter any such appointment sliall be made in respect of all such assessors not so aiipointcd, it is our pleasure, and we iln
hereby direct and declare, thai they slmll be selected, siimmoiied, and reipiired to serve in Ihe said olllce, in sucli lUHnner as
shall he provided by such rides and orders of court as are heiiinbelore parlienlarly menlioiu'd.
•2~. And we do hereby further direct, thai the uiinisteiial and other sulMirdinate ollieers of the said distrlet courts respec-
tively, sliall re-pectively he a|i|ioinicd to and shall held such their olViccs therein in such and the like manner hi every respect
as is lieieinheloie provided with retjard to the miiiistcrial and other mhcers of the said supreme court ; and that the ailiiii..
sloii and eiiridnunt of persons to appear to plead or act in any of the said district courts as advocate!) or proctors, shall hr
regulated iind provi led by such general rules and orders of court as are hereimilter mentioned.
•JH. And we do inrther direct ami appoint, that the said supreme court shall be hohlen at ('olombo in the «aid island, e\
cepting for the pnriiosc of such circuits as are hereinafter ineiilioiied, and that every such district court as aforiiaid shall In'
hohlen at such coimuieiit jilace within every such district as tlic governor for the lime of our said island shall from tinicti
time for that purpose aii|)ohit by any proelanmtion or iiroelamatimis to he by him in manuer aforesaid issued for such divi-
sion as aforesaid of Ihe said island into district ..
2{). And we do further tyrant, direct, and n|ipoint, that each of the said district courts shall be a eonrt of civil jurisdicti'm,
and shall have eognizancc of ami full iiower to hear and determine all pleas, suits, and actions in which the party or piirtics
defeiident shall be resUlent within tlie district in whieli any such suit or action shall be hron);lit, or in which the act, matter,
or tliiti)!: in respect of which any suit or aelion sliall he bronrht, shall have been done or performed within such district : I'm-
viiled nevertheless, that no such district ciuirl as aforesaid shall be eompctent to hohl jurisdic'ion of, or to hear, or to ileter-
nihie any cause, suit, or action, wherein the juiltre of such court shall himself be a parly, idaintitf, or ilefendanti Init tliiit
every cans e, suit or action, which aceordiiiK to tlic provisions aforesaid would have been coKni/ablc in any (li.stri<-t emirt,
if the jnilt,'c of such court had not been a party thereto, shall in that case he co(;ui-',able in the ccmrt of any district ininicdi-
atcly adjoining.
M). And we do further grant, direct, and appoint, that each of the said district courts shall be a court of criminal jiiris-
ilictioii, and shall have lull power and authority to iiiiiiiiie of all crimes and offences cmiimitted wholly or in jiart witiiin tlii'
district to vvliich such court may hehing, and to hear, try, and deterininc all prosecutions which shall be commenced apiiiist
any per.-,on or persons for or in respect of any sueli crimes or otlences, or alleged crimes or offences ; Provided always, 'lint
Buch criminal jurisdiction as aforesaid shall not extend to any case in whieli the person or persons accused shall be cliiuci'd
with any crime, which, according to any law now or hereafter to be in force within the said island, shall he punishable with
death, or transpiu'tation, or banishment, or imprisonment for more than twelve calendar months, or by whipping e.vceeiliii;,'
10(1 lashes, or hy tine exceeding .t Id.
3 1 . And we do Inrther i;raiit, direct, and appoint, that each of the said district courts shall have the care and custody of
the persons and estates, of all idiots, lunatics, and otliers of iii.sane or noiisane mind reshlent within such districts respectively,
with full power to a|i|i<iiiit guardi nsaiid curators of all such persons and their estates, and to take order for the maiiiteiianre
of such iiersons, and tlie prop r inanagemeiit of their estates, and to take proper -securities for such maiiageinent from such
guardians and curators, and to call them to account, ami to charge them witli any balance which may he due to any such per-
Bons aforesaid, or to their estates, and to enfureetlic payment tliereof, and to t.ike order for the secure investment ol any
BUch balances, and such guardians and curators from time to time to remove and replace as occasion may re(piire.
;i'J. And we chi further give and grant to the said district courts respectively, in their said respective districts, full iiiiwcr
and ant hoi it y to appoint aiiministiators of the estates and etieets of any persons dying within such respective disti lets intes-
tate, or who may not have by any last will and testament appointed any executor or trustee for the administration or exicii
tion tliereof, and like power and authority to impure into and dclermine upcm the validity of any document nr docunieiit-
adduced before them as and for the last will and testament of any person who inav ^ave died within such districts res|ic'c
lively, and to record the same, and to grant |irohate thereof, with like power and authority to aiipoint administrators fnrtlic
administration (ir execntiin of the trusts of any such last will and testament as aforesaid, in eases where the cxceiitnrsiir
trustees thcichy a|)poiiited shall not appear and take out pridiate thereof, or having appeared and taken out such imiliate,
shall by deatli or otherwise become ineupable to carry any such trusts liiUy into execution. And we do further aulhorizcaiid
empower tlie said district courts in their said respective districts to take proper securities from all executors and administra-
tors of the last wills and testaments of nny deceased persons, or of the estates and elleets of any persons who may havodiiil
Intestate, for the faithful perloriiuince of such trusts, and for the proper accounting to such courts respectively for what may
come to their hands, or be by them expended in tlie execution thereof, with like power and authority to call nil such execu-
tors and administrators to account, and to charge them with any balances which may he due to the estates of any snch de-
ceased persons, and to cnlorce the payment thercil, anil to take order for the secure investment of any sucli balances, and
BUch executors and administrators from time to time to remove and replace as occasion may require.
33. And whereas douht.i might arise w liether by virtue of the provisions aforesaid, and without an express autlmrity in
that behalf, the said district courts would be competent to entertain suits therein brought for the protection of our revenue,
■m
)vlnpM of thp wilt
tluMll«trli-t oftho
iir Hull) kslnnd, nn
iiiK of tliu Nniil sii
III' iriiiii tliiu' t»
ilaiiil AN nfon'Milil,
^uv(*ri)or ami tlu'
i->tratlciii ol juNtIre
li tlic connirri'inr
.tliiii or iii'iichuni.
its into wliicli till'
liiiu' to tlim' Willi
itilllls, UK (K-Cllsinll
,s iiuiy ht'st ^llll^i^t
I'lnvldi'il alwiiys,
irlir, till' I'Nlstiiiu'
, till- the puniOM's
liiiiil tliiTO stiiill lie
1 liy mill lii'fiirr unr
{iiiinti'il to siicli liii
iiiir tluri'iif for ilir
tors ; proviili'il Ihiil
visiimully nnil '•nli
Hilt or wiirraiits »
it or apiioiiitiiiriit^,
rtuiiiiit the iileasiirc
from BiTioMBst mir
e lull aire of twiiity
any nilrs or orilcrs
crime, nor laiiuiir
I'.
I of the said (li>trirt
iii'iit simll lie iiiiiili',
jilensiire, and wi' ilii
, in siuli maiiiur .is
strict courts rcspec-
iier in every re>pirt
anil tiiat the ailmi..
or proetors, shall be
1 the said islanu, i'\
iis al'orii aid shall lii'
ul shall from tiiiii' ti
isui'd lor such ili\i-
of civil jiiriMlicti'Mi,
the party or iiartiis
liich the act, matter,
such district : I'd-
to hear, or to ilcter-
ilerendant ; liut tlmt
1 any district court,
,iiy district iimiiedi-
irt of criminal jiiri<-
[)r in part witiiin tlip
I commenced at-'iiin^t
Dviiled always, 'hat
III shall he cliariri'il
he piuiishalile with
IwhippinK exciTilii^'
I care and custmly of
listricts rtspcctivelVt
for the maiiiteiiiini'c
fiaKemcid "'""' *'"''
^liie to any such |UT-
investmeut of any
ly reiiuire.
1 ilistricts, lull power
ictivedistiicts inti's-
Inistration or exicii
liiient or document'*
Inch districts resjicc-
llministratorsfortlii'
Ire the executor- nr
In out such proliatc,
lirthcr authorize an (I
Tors and aduiuiistra-
J who mav havcilifil
Itivclv fur what may
1 call all such exi'cu-
Atcs of any suchile-
[such haUiiici's, anil
express authority in
tion of our revenue,
APPKNOIX IV.— ASIA.
)<-5
and fur thp pntii'linipiit of ofTenrp* rommllted aiolnit the revenue laws of our '■nlil Mnnil Now, tlicrcforp, for thp removal
ol •iiicli iloiilitM, we do hercliy expressly decliire, that all causes Hflretliiif our revenue nrlsiiiK within our said islitnd, iind nil
pri'secutions lor the puiiishnnnt of oU'eneet therein committed a(;»iiiHt the revenue Iuwh thereof, shall he eoitnlzahle within
the 'Hill district courts respectively In such and (he »ame niaiiner as Hn> other suits and iirosecutioiis ; saviiu: neverlhelesH
.iiiil rcservinif to all courts of vice-adnilrally estalilislicd or to lie ('■•taldKlicd within our said I'.land, all such rijthts, pnwcrs,
juri-'diclions, and antliority as are hy law ve»ted hi tin in, as fully as If this our cliiirler had imt hecn made ; I'rovlded never
tlielcss, (hat no such pro^eiutioii for any oncucc committed aifainst the revenue laws shall lie eoitni/alde within any such
district court, in cases where the piini'linieiit may lie ol greater decree or aiiioiiiit than such district court can. under tho
pioii.-ioiis Hfori'said, award upon iirn'.ccullons lor any other ottciice.
;ll. And we do further (.'lant and declare, that the several jiiri-iUctions so ve-ted as aforesaid in the said district courts,
is mid shall he an excliiMve Jurisdiction, aiiii shall not on any pica or pretext whatsocvir lie assiinied or exercised hy any
I tliir court, triliiinal, or Jiiilce within our siiul isliind, save and except in so fur as coi-ni, mice of (he same suits, causes, ac-
tions, pro.-ccutions, matters and tliiiucs, is liui inaller evprc«si> y:'i\vi\ hy wav ol appenl to the supreme court aforesaid, or to
tlic re^pel'tive Judges thcieof, and also save and except in so l;ir ai an orlKUml .jniisdiction in ci rtuin suit^, causes, actions,
prosecutions, matters and tliines, i^ liirciii;illi r vislcd in the said iipreme court, or In the respective jiiilKes thereof, and also
Mive and except In as tar as respects the jurisdiction ol the court oi viceadiiiirally in the said l.-land,
;|j. And we do (iirlher direct and apiinint, that cicry liuul sentinee or jiidmiieht of the said diMrlct courts respectively,
and that every inti rlociitory order of llie said iniirls lia\ intf the er.ect of a lliial seiiteiicc or Judt;nient, and that every order
of any such cmirl liavliii.' the citect of postp.niii", the llnal decision of any cause or pro-eciilioii there priidlinr, and any other
order wliieli to the jiidtfe of any -iicli court imiy a|ipi ar ol uilei|iiaic iniportance, shall l,y -uch jiulijc he pmiioiinci d in open
court, and that Mich judtc sli.iil in ail such casi s ••luie, in the proeiice and heaiiiuf of the assessors lielme iiientidiicd, wliat
are the ipiestions of law and ol i.ict which have nri en f<>i adjiiilicatloii. and which are to heileeidid upon any such occasion,
tndcllier with his o|iinioii upon every such i|uestion, ',Mth the irromiils and reasoiiH of every such opinion, and that every
ii-Mssor shall also in open eoufl, and in the prt sciice and heariii); of the jiidue and the other assessors, dcclaie his opinion
iiiid deliver his vole upon each and every iiuestioii which the Juilne shall have previoii-ly declared to haveari-eii lor adjiiilica-
ti'in, whether such i|uestions shall rel.ite to any matter of law or to any matter of fact : I'rovided nevertlieli.-.s, that in ease
of any ilillereiice ol opinion lietwcen any such jiulKC and the iiiajorily or the vvlioli of such assessors upon any i|ucstioii of
law or ol lact depcndiiur helore any smii di-trict court, the opinion of siicli jiid^'e shall pievail, and sliall he taken as the
sciileiice, judnnit lit or onii r "I the whole court i I. lit in cNcry such case u record shall he made iiiid prccrved ainoiu; the re-
(orils It till said conrl of the i,iii'stions dechired hy llie jiiiiKe to have arisen hir adju<licatioii, and of the vote of such judj;u
Hiiil of every such a^-^issor upon each vuih ipieslion.
;lti. And we do heicliy uranl, declare, direct, and appoint, that the Kupromc court of the Island of Ceylon Hliall hca court
ef n|ipcllate jurisoiclioii lor the eotiecti il all errors in fiiet or in law which shall he ciinimitted hy the said respective ills.
trict courts, and >hiill have sole and exclusive cofrni/.ance liy way ol aiipeul ol all eaii es, suits, actions, prosecutions, matters
mill lliiiics, ol which such district courts may, in pursuance of the iirovisions ol this our ciiartir, or any of tliein, take co(f.
ni/ancehy way ol original jurlMiietion. And we do further trraiit to the said siipreiiie court, (Miwer, jurisdiction and niltlio-
rill III hi Id an oriKinal jiirisdictioii hir iiiipiiriii); of all crimes and oll'eiices comniittcd throii).'lioiit the saul island, and for the
luaiinn:. iryiiii; and deti riiiinini,- all iiroscculiuiis which shall he coiiiineneed against any person or per. ons for or in respect
el any such crimes or otunci ' , or alieniu crimes or olti nees.
:i,". And to provide li r the due execution ol the powers and aulhoritiesaiid jurhulictioiis so vested as aforesaid in the said
(■upii llie court, it is our liirllicr pleasure, and we do direct, ordain and appoint, that civil ami criniiual sessions of tlie said
siipri llie court shall he holdeii hy some one of the judges thcreol in each ol the circuits into which our saul inland is or shall
Ijc so divided as aforesaid.
M. And we do further direct ai.d appoint, that such sessions as aforesaid of the said supreme court shall he hidden
twice in each year within the iiorilierii, sinitlier'i, and eastern circuits of the said inland re-pectively hereiiihelorc
Cis.fihcd or relerred to, at such places williiii such lespective circuits, and at such pailuular tunes in each jear as thu
t:ovcriior hir the time heiiii; of our said island shall, after previous consultation with the jiiil^cs ol the said supremo
CI lilt, hy proclamations to lie hy him from time to time lor that purpose issued, dirict and iiVpuliit : I'roviHed always,
Hint the times and places for holiliiiji: such civil and criminal sessions of the said supreme eoiirf "ii such circuits shall hu
so arr'iiij;cd as that all the judjres ol the said siipri me couit shall never at the same time he al'sent from Cohuiiho, and
Hat ail such jud|;es shall lie risidciit al the same time at t olomlii) not less than one Month twice in each > ear. And
wc do direct and aiipomt, that the chief justice of thu said court sliall tirst choose the circuit on which he will proceed
hirlhc purposes aloicsaid, and that the '■eeoiid cliidce shall he made hy the senior puisne jiidKC lor the time hcinif.
III). And we do liirther direct, ordiiin and appoint, that al every civil session of the supreme court to lie liohlen on
liny such circuit as aliuct-aid, three asse-sors shall he assoeii'.ted with the jiiilKe, and that evei y criminal scsshins of tho
mprime court to he holdeii on any such circuit, sliall he lioldeii hehiie such judge and a jury ol thirteen men, which
assD-sors and jurors shall he selected, siiiiimoiii d and re(|iiircd to appear and serve iu such maiiuer and lurm as shall he
liruvidcd hy such prcncral rules and outers of court as hereinafter mentioned.
III. And we do will, ordain and appoint, that within each and every ol the vaiil circuits rcs,icctively all and every
tlic appillale powers, jurisdictions and authorities lurchy vesled in tin' said supicuc coiiit shall he exercised hy the
jiiil|;c lor tlic time hiiny^ of such circuit, and the assessors so to he associated with him as afure-aid ; and that within
each and every of the said circuits respectively, all and every the original powers, jurisdictions and aiitlmrities lierehy
vested ill the said supreme court shall ht exercised hy the jiidtje lor the time heinn of such eiicuit, who, upon the trial
ol any crimes made eo);ni/.uhle hy the said tuprciue couit by way of sucli oiit;iiial jurisdiction as aforesaid, shall he
a.'isiiciated with such jurors as aforesaid.
41. And wc do liirther direct and appoint, that at every civil ses'-ions of the said supreme court so to be hotdcn as
afiire^aiil on every such circuit, the said couit sliall proceed to hear and detcruiine all ajipeals which may be then
pniiliii); fiom any sentence, jiid|;meiit, decree or older of any district court within tlic limits of such circuit, and to
allirni, reverse, correct, alter and vary eveiy such senience, judgment, decree or order, accordiiiK to law, and, if neccs.
sary, to remand to the distiict court for a liirther heariiijr, or fur the admission of any further evidence, any cause, suit
nr action in wl ich any such appeal as aloresaid shall have been hrouKlit ; and upon hearintf every such appeal it shall
al-ii be competent to the said supreme court to receive uiid admit, or to exclude and reject, new evidence touchinj; the
matters at issue in any such original cause, suit, ur action, as justice may rc(|uire.
n. And we do further direct and appoint, that the siipreine court aforesaid at every civil sessions to be hohlen on
any such circuit as aforesaid, shall have full power and authority to Kiaiit and issue mandates, in the nature of writs of
iiKiiiihiiiius, /irmL'diiidii, and prohihilion, a(;ain-t any district court within the limits of such circuit, and to make ordei
for Hie trarsler ol any cause, suit or action dcpi ndinj; in any <uic district court in any such circuit to any other district
court within the same circuit, if it shall be made to appear to .le satislaction of the said supreme court at any such
ciiil ses.sioiis as ahircsaid, that there is any suftieient cause or reason to conclude that in such particular cause, suit or
action, jiis'.icc wiiuhl not proln'hiy be done in the district court in which the same had .io been commenced j and iu
eviry such case the district court to which any such cause, suit or action shall be ; o transferred, shall take cognizance
tlareof, and have power anil jurisdiction for the hearing, trial and decision of the same, as fully anil effectually to all
intents and purposes as the disttitt cour. in w hicli the same was originally brought could or mijj;ht have had.
43. And we do further direct, declare and apioint, tliat the jii.lBC of the supreme court holilinif any such civil
sessions tiiereiif as aloresaid on any such circuii, shall in open court state and ilcclare, in the presence and hearing o(
the assessors before mentioned, whit are the iiuestioiis of law and of fact aiisiiij; lor adjudication upon every appeal
brought before the said KUprcme couit at such sessions, and which are then to be decided, and sliall then pronounce
Ills opinion upon every such niiestioii, w itli the grounds and rca.-ons of every such opinion ; and that every such assessoi
tliall tlicrcupon also in open court, and in the presence and hearinif of such judge and tlie other assessors, declare his
opuiioii and deliver his vole upon each and every (iiiestion wliicli the judge shall have previously declared to have
arisen for adjudication, whether such qucsthin shall relate to any matter of l.iw or to any matter of fact ; and in case of
uny Uiirercucc of opinion between any such judge and the majority or the whole of such assessors, miun any (|UEiition
vl i
Hill
.I'll
■i.
lii
■■• 'I-
If.f.
APPr.NOIX IV.— ASIA.
I
in;
rf law or of tnrf ilri'omllr'ir ini'in kik li nppral, tlio npliiiDii of «iirli Jmltfo sliall prcvnll, nml uliii'l Im- taken n« ♦lin ncntinro,
Jtnlciiimt, or order nl Hir whnlu roiirt -, hut in every micli rnso n roccird hIiuII 1)0 nmilo ami preicrvi'il nnonir Hip rcrnr.li
<i| till" KHld Kiipn inc codrt iil tlif i)urh(|iiii» iltflaricl liy tlie jikIki' to liuvu arlavii lor iidjiiilicatlon, unil ul tliu vote ol »ik1i
JiiiltP ami of I'M'ry mrli n.-t-esscir upon rvi-ry kiicIi (|iif«(lon.
J». And WT do fnrtlirr dlnrt, (■rdiiln ami nppoliif, ilmt nt rvrry frlnilnnl «p««lonii of the fnlil niiprcnio conrt tn in-
holilin on any onrh clrciitt ax aloii'^ald, i>nc|i court Kliall prorocil Id lirwr and diterrnlnf hII npi cils wlilrli may In' tl,i u
llf pi lulInK Iroin any nut, nco or Jndtjnii iif pronounrtMl liy any dUtrli't court wllliln flu- liinllH nl nnv uncli circnlt In any
rrimiiinl prosfi-nllon, and to artirni, ri'vcr-i". cotn it, allir ami vary cviTy i.nih m'l'tinri' nml jmlicmint nccmdlmr I'l
law I and upon luarinu' every nnoli appeal It >.|i,,ll al-o he ronipetont to llic »ald sapri'me ronrt tn n celvi- and adn.l'. nr
to fxelndr and nle.t, new evldenee ti.neliliiir (lie matters at l«-.nr In any nneli orlKlnnl proKeentlon n» Jn»liee m ly
rrtpilre ; nnd It aliall aUo he lawlnl fur llie said inprenie ronrt at any hucIi erlmlnal m'^HlnnH »'< nforooild, to make iinlcr
tor llie trao'ler ol any proneeatii n depeedlinf In H"y (nie dl^trlet c<nirt In siieli eirenlt lo arn other ilMrlrt cmrl witliln
tlie same eirenlt, If It hliall lie nunte to Bppi ar to tlie Kalltihu'tion if tlie hmIiI sii|Teine ronrt at anv ►neli erlmlnal 'i ■>! ns
nt alore>-aid, that tliere Is niiy mrtielent eaii-e or riMion lo cniielndo tliat In Hiieli partlenUr pri)«eentinii Jn-.iiee Mould
not ptohahly lie iloiie in the ill-lriit eiuirt In whii'li the mvnie had heeii no ronnnemed i ami In every such cn-e tlie
(IMiiet court to which any omli pro«eenlion fhiill he «o tranvfeireii Hhall lake eotfnUaiiee Ihereuf, and "hall l.ave pu'ver
anil JiirisilleMon Ic r the hearloir. tiial and •'eil-lnn of the Mime, a- fully and i ll'i etually lo all intenls aiiit purpoMa at llio
(tlMlict ronrt In v I ieh the Mime was orit;li ally hrnn^rhr eonid or mlivht have hud.
H>. And we do liulher derl.iri' and enlain, that notwlth-iaiidiui; the rli,'lil of nppe-il lieiehy u'lveii from the piil^'.
nipiiti* nnd I'Viitei'i I s 111 the 'aid ill-tiiel ei'urtn upon >neli eriuiiii,:l profeentUin!< as ali n • aid, no Mich appeal ^hall Inve
the ( fteel i/f stni liifj the exeeiitlnn if any jei.tiiiee or jmlKiueut Diiiiionneed liy any mieli ill'-tilct court upon aio i lo. .
ciilir.il, nllle^s the jiiilKc ol xneh ilWrlct ei.iiit aliall In' the cxercbe of hli lUscritlon >cc lit to make iirdcr for the slay
«)f nny amh exeeiitinn pemlliu.- cuili apji nl.
III. Anil we do tiirther iilri et, ordiiln and nrpolnt, Unit at cvrry rrinilnnl posslom* of the s ihl »ii|ireino court ►" t" In-
holilen ns nl'ori»ald on every ••luh eircuit, the : aid supreme court shall im|uiie of all eiiiiu'-. and ollt'in'en iimiimI ti.'d
within the limits oi ai y such dn ir.l, lor the trial ol whieli »ucli oriKliml jurisdicllon us aforesaid is hy Huh our thu'er
vested In the ^alll mpri me court, and which the Kin;;'rt ailvocafe or ihpniv kin'.;'- advie.ite shall eleel to \iru eriUe
lielore such supreme court, nml shall lunr, try luul e.eteiiuine all pro-eeutinns which shill he ei'inmeneeil hy the -• i(|
kind's advocate or ilepiit; kind's ailvoc:ilt' iiK'Unsl uny per.ii)n or persona lor or In respect oi nny sueli crimes or onVncis
or alk'sed crimes or oti'enees.
I,". And we do liiitl.i r direct nnd oritnln, that all ctlinc" mid oflfonepfi cngnlz.iWe hcforp any of the courts cnnstltiifr'l
liy these presents, or ilerivliir aiithorltv from the siinie, shall he prosprntcd ; and that nil (Inc, penalties and lorfei! le.
rccovcralilo therein to cmr ii -c, shall he siti il lor and recovered in the miinc id our advocate lia. nl of our said ishin.l, a i.d
hy h ni or by n mv deputy nilvoc.ile liscal, hy an Int. rmali' n to he exhlhilid without the previous Hniliinr of any iiiipu-t
by nny Rrnndjnry or otiii rwie ; I'roviiled nevertluK ss, thut it shall he compeient to the snid Biipreiiie conrt, hy smh
rules and orders of conrt ns alter mentioned, to muke any other and more ciiiivriiient provl-'ion tor the iirospciilii!;;
betore the said disfriit courts hrpaches of the mace, petty iissiinlls and other minor offences nf the like nat'Ue.
I'lhouKh the Urni> " advicate li lal" and " depu'y advocrile liscil" lire incd here, I. ird (ioderich In his ilespitch, il.iiiil
S:(d March, Is l;l, iiccompanylii|- the charti r, piuI iiildressed to sir K. J. Wilmnt Ihrton, the novernor, liecl.ues the
ohjecllons that exist to thise tilK's, nnd oliserves, that "the lilli s of those . Iticers are altered by the el, alter" t<itlie
kint's advocate nnd depntj kinjj's rdvoeate. The use of the former titles In this place seeins tlicrelore to bean ucci-
dental error.]
IM. And we do further diicct nnd nrdiitii, thai nil iniistionR of fact upon which issue shall he Joined nt anysiuli
criminal sessions as ainri -aid ol the snid snpii ine i oiirt, on nny siu h eirenlt as ulore niil, shall he deciiled hy such jny
of thilteen iv.en as ah tesaid, ar:il that the vcnlict if such jury shall he pronounced in oiieii court hy the moiiM^oi 'In'
foreman : nml that ii such jury shall not ii;;rec upon their verdict, tlien the verdict of the luajiir part of such juiy -i^iM
be lectiveil and t- ken n» the veiiliet of the jury ei IKerhely.
41). And we do finther direct nnd ordain, tlirl all iiuestlons of law which shall arise for niljiidiention at nnv siu'h
crlminnl sessions as nforesnid of the said supreme court in nnv such circuit ns ah'resaid, shall he dicided by the jiiil.c
presidlnj; nt such sessions, who shall prommnee his jnd(;inent thereii|ion in oiien court, and assi!.'ii the groiiiiils .uid
reasons ol such judgment ; snvini; i.eveitlieless to every siieh judce the ritlit ul re^erviiij; such questions for the dctijimi
of the JiiilKes of the said snpn me court collectively nt their penernl sessiuiis, in nuiiiicr hereiuallei mentiomd.
.10. And we do Inrther appoint, ilcelare and diicct, that In eviry eu-e wliCic nnj person shall he ailjinlKiU to <lie liy
any sentence of the supreme court of our snid island nl any such criminal sessions as nloicsaid, the execnliun ol surii
Fcnteiice shall be respited until the case of such person shall linve been repotted hy the eliiel jiidtje or puisne justi.'e
who shnll have presided at siieh tiial to the govemor of the said island lor the time heint;, whieli repoit shall he in ide ai
toon after the passing; of such senlenee ns c )nveiiieiitly may he.
51. And we do liirlher opi'i int, declare, nnd direct, that the Jndfre on nny such eircuit ns nforesnld, lioldli;); tlio s.iiil
criminnl sessions of the said supreme court, sliiill and may issue his mandate nndi r his Imod, and directed to ull ,ui(l
every the fiscals nnd other keeiiers of prisons within the limits of his circuit, to ceitily to the said jndue the sevir.U
persons then in their or any of their custndy, eoiumitted lor and elintned with any crimes or ofleuces whatsoever j ami
the snid rt-c.ils or other keepers of prisons shall and are herehy leiinired to in:ike, eirtify, nnd tran-mlt due reluri.s to
such mandate, by spieif>ln!r in n calemuir or list, to he aiincxed to such mandate respectively, the time nnd times vv.aii
all and every of the saiil peisons so in tlieir cusliiily was i.i Weie committed, nnd by whose authority p.-irtleiilarl), ;.ii<l
on what ehartre or ehnrccs, crime or crimes respectively, in writiiiK ; unil to the said list or calendar shall al-u Se
annexed such information or irforniation ■, iipnii oath, as iiir.y have been taken n|;ainst them or any ol tliem, an I le Ihi'ii
remaining in the hands of the said fiscals nr keepers of iirisons, or true copies thcreot a'tested by the said li-ral- iT
keepers ol prisons resperln ely ; and it need be, ni cordini^; lo tlie tenor nml cxlKcnce of such mandate, such li-eal or
keepirs of piisons shall briiv the snid persons so in their custody, oi any of them, before the said jiu!(;e, wheresiievir
the said jndRe shall then be lioldiri); the criminal si-ssions of the said siiprem J com t, together with such witness or
witnesses whose name or nnnus shnll aiipiar to he written or enilorsed on the rcs|iecli\e commitments, hy virluo cf
which such prisoners or prisoner were or wns dcliv.red into their enstody respectively, in order that such piisoiier- nr
prisoner may be dealt with nccordin;;: to law: I'rijVideil always, that wherever any party or pailies shall, alter tliu
inaking out ol any such caleiHlar or list, ami while such judge shall he holding the rriminnl sessions of the said •ij|ire..ie
conrt in llie town or place wherein such ealeii'Uir or list wns delivered, he npiirehemled or c immittcd in any criniiiiai
charKC, it shall nnd pinv he lawiiil lor the oiiieer of such supreme court to insert the nnmc or names of such persou or
persons in such calendar or list.
sa. And we do fuitlier direct, declare, and appoint, tlint nny judge of the supreme court remaining at Colombn, shall
within tile linn's of the district ol t oloinho c xercise the same jurisdiction, nnd hold such and the same civil and ciii..iiial
sessions, as the snid judsjes of the supreme court are hy thee prcrcnis directed, aiipointed, and ordhined to exercise and
to bold on their respective circuits within the limits of their respective eiicuirs.
5J. And we do Inrther < idain and appoint, tliut whenever nny i|Uestiou of law, pleading, evidence, or practice, sliall
arise for adjiidirntioi. at any ci\il or eriminal sessions of the said supreme court, at any such circuit as alore-aiil, or
within the said rtis'rict of tolnniho, which shall iippenr to the judge presiding at such sessions to he a question of ilimM
und ditficnity, it shall he lawlnl lor such judge to reserve such question of law, pleading, evidence, or piucticc, fur the
decision ol tlie Judges ol the suid supreme court collectively, ami to report any question so reserved to the said jials'csat
some general sessions ol the said supreme court to be held lor that purpose as hereinaltct mentioned.
54. And we do further direct and appoint, that the judges of the snid supreme court shall from time to linic, as
occasion inuy require, collectively hold a general sessions at Colombo to hear und inquire of nny question of l.iw,
pleading, evidence, or practice so reserved as ufore-aid, and to decide the same according to law.
55. And we further authorise and require the respective judges of the said supreme court ou such circuits as alnro-
said, and at the sessions bo to be bolden for the District of Colombo, to inspect and cxamie llie ricoru:] ul the ili'Krvut
n« 'In- "cnti lice,
I'lnif the rcrrjiiU
tllO Villi' of >'li il
enio cniirt t^ lie
Icli n>ay In' II 'ii
I'll riri'iilt In any
•lit iu'CiiicIIih: I'l
VI' Kiiil Tiiln.l', nr
I Hi* jii^tu'i' in IV
Id, til make orilir
rli t runrl wiiliin
rrliiiixiil • 1 ->' I"-
on jii-iiri' vniild
ITV MU'll L'il •>■■ I'll'
hull i.ttvi' pii'vir
il i)ur|»iM» iv-> ll»'
'II from till' I'll.;-
Iipiil'lll >lilill I'lVi'
: iiiiiiii iiii\ I 111 -
rdcr for tlic i.iy
mo court I'O (•< In'
reiii't'ii loiii'.iii 1
y llllH our I'l U'lT
■U'cl t" lif" ii''i'l'
ii'iirvil by till' -■ ''I
irmivs or i'ftVin'i,vi
coiirtH con^lit'i* ■ I
ipt mill iKtli'i^ u'>
ir ►aid i^^:lllll. ■>■ il
iiir o! iitiy Imiiic-t
nil' couit, by --iii'li
i>r till' |)rn<icciitii!s
till' liki! imt'iri.'.
is ilisii'iti'ti, ilaii'.l
riiiir, ilc-:l.»rcs the
he Cl.HltlT" t'ltllO
lore to be an ucii-
iiini'il at any -iiu'li
cidi'il by siu'li JKiy
IV the mnutli nl Hie
,'iif such July -I''"'!
ration at aiiv such
cidcd by tlu' jiiil.:c
u the groiiiiil-- .mil
Ills lor till' dii.i)Uiii
iciitinmil.
adjiulKi J to I'.iiliy
ixceiitioii ot Mil il
I' or piii'^iii' j'i>ti.'L'
lit .liiall 1)1' HI iil^' .>•*
d, lloidlll^rtl^e^alll
diiicli'd 111 :ill .mil
jnd(;t' till' sivir.d
wliatsiii'ViT, ami
iii.t dill' ntiiri.-ili)
,1 and tiiin'i vv.iiii
, iKUticiilurly, Mill
iil.ir sliall al-ii l.c
1 tiii'm, an I If Hn'"
L thi' said ti-ciil- nr
Idati', Mich ti-cal or
liulj;c> wluTiMuvtr
itli ^nch ^vitlll'^^or
lucnts, by virtue if
Tt --uch piisiiiicr- nr
I's sli.ill, allfr the
|t the said MipriMic
fl en any crinuuil
of such inrsou or
• at Coloinbi', slmll
[civil and ctii.iiial
li-d to cxcrciM- anil
or practice, stmll
■ it as aloic-aiil.or
T question of ilmilit
Ir iiiuctice.fiirtlie
1 the siiidjmlscsat
|m time to <ime, as
question of KWi
I circuits as aloro-
Ls of the iliUctfUt
AI'IM.MMX IV.-.\S!A.
irj
\ion, ill a •.iiiiiiiiari' way
liiireupoii, to such district
ih-lru't coiirtH i and If It klall a!>; car lliat contradlcliry ot lnciiiisi»ti'iit dciiliitu have boon tfivoti by dKTe'cnt ill-trlct
I . iMi'i, or b\ till' nntiic dUtilct cmirt upon dift'oreiit occa»lonf, upon any inatti ri uf liiw, cvl liin'c, (ilcaillnir, or prarllco,
linii nnd In every tuirli ra»r the "alil Jnilco nf the Mipremc court iiliall tepnrt t i the JihIijcm of the 'Uiircnio court at
(nl'iinbo, at mob trcin ml i<c->lnn^ as afniisalil, any mcli cohtradlcllmiM or liirniiiilstcni'li's i and the xaid Jiidjci of fho
Mi,.rciiic coiiil Khali, after due coiinlilcrntion of the u iitterH no hriiii^-ht belere tlieiu, prep ire the iliift uf -iioh a deihir.
rti.ry law upon any mutter nr l.iw or cvl lence III respect of wlileli siteli cniitrailli'tory or liiconsl-teiit decliilons shall linve
hiTii 'Ivcn, as tlie oica'<lo'i slmll appear to tlieiii to reniilre, and shall troi-iult sneh ilr.ilt ii iilcr the seal nl the siiiil
c iirt til the iriivernor fur the time bi iiiir if "ur mid l-'arid. who th ill thcreupoti lay the di.ilt of hucIi declaratory law
liil.ire the leu'l-liitlve coin eil id the Kald Island h'r their cnnslileralli'ii.
•id. And we tnrtlier direct mid oiduln, that the ^aid Judges of the siiprcino rourt "hall. In pursuance of tho power*
lioriiiialfcr vested in tli'in. after due cor'dderitioii of any reports so to he nmile as afotesiiid hv any •ii'h Jiidire, of nnv
111. h eoiitriidi''tloii or lio "ii-ltenev as arotenaid. In i.iiy matter of pleaduv; or praeliee, iimke oi establish •ueli (fcni rul
mil's mill oiders of court tor the i> iiiuval of any duiihtii i'eH|ieetliii: any hiiuIi malters, as the occasi m Khali aiipcur to
tliiiH lo tei|iiire.
•.;. toil we do fiir'ber orihin and nppnlnt, that the snld snpri mo cnirt, nr auv ju lire tbcreof, at any «c«s|oiis sn to
111 hrldi'U as aforesaid (Ui any «iicli clrenlf as aforo<aid, oi In the l)l-trict nf Tol iii lo, or at ni.y nenetiil vesd lis of the
juiljes of tie said ei iirl c lleetlvi ly, "hall he mid are hereby aiilhi'n/cd to (.-rniit and Is-iin iiuind.iles in the nptiire of
Mills if habeas cotpiis, and lo trant or ri 'n e such mandiitcs, to hrlnc up the body of any | ersou h ho shall be iiiiprl-onoil
\v i' 111 nny part of the said inland or il- diiiciidencits, and to disihir^c or rciiiainl any person so hrou>;ht up, or o'her-
Wi-e ileal with such pi r;on aecnrdini; to law.
.■)S. Ami "e do fen her dh' ct and apiioint, that the .mid -npreiiie court, nr nny ludLre thereof, at any nesdons no to ho
li.ih'en on any Huch i ireiiit ns iilorc-ald, or in the l>i^tri(■t of ('oloiiih'), or at any ifcin r il sesslnns of the -aid court collee.
lively, shall lie and they and he are and is lu rcby nmhi'rl'Acd to craiit mid N^iie injiinctlons lo pr' vrnt iiin irieiuediaMo
iiii-.iiiif wliicli mi^ht I'll lie bchire the l''irty nviltli';,' apidle.ili "ii for "iieh injnnelion could prevent the same, by ll^|||^,■lll(J
■,u\ iieiion In any district court; rruvidid a!wa»s, that it shall not be law fill fm the siiid • n ir -ine ci iirt, nor for any
Jailce thereof in nnv case to irrant nny injunction to prevent any pe".oii Iroin Miii.ir or pro'^ecidie.; a suit in any dl trict
11 nit, or to prevent any party to any suit in any distrirt court fioiii apiK alius or proseeiitinir an mipeal to .my court of
ni ; eal, or to prevent anv parly to any suit in nny court of oriKiniil Jiul^.iiilion, or ill any court of .ippcal, fruiii insisilnu
II; im any trroiiiid of action, defence, or appeal.
yj. And wheieas It niiiy he evpcdlcnt flint the Jiidifrs of the «ahl mprcmc rouit 't Coh'mbn, prcvlon-lv to tlio
ci iiiliicncemciit of any -uch circuits a< afmesaid, should he ei aided to Inspect and CAiunlno the reior Is of tlr' sild
(lilrii't courts In cascn upon which ni pi als may have been ei 'ered; nrd it may also , eonvenl it that, with i|>o
cmiseiit of the liMiranl partii », the bearing of such npi c:iN Hhoiil tiKe i 'ice before the i i);cs of the said court eoll-d.
lively HI their general sessions at Cohinho, mid not at nn h ehc ■ ■ as ali rc^anl ; and it in 'v also he convenient, tlia' In
c( rtaiii e.ises tlic Judt'cs of the said siipreiue court cnllei'tivcly, ,ir •ne!i ireeeral ses.. ms, vhotild he aiilhori/.cd to ih elju
ill a siMiiniary way, mid without fiirlln r nrfiiiinent, questntns iirlsi .(; ii; on nny fiieii nppeals j we do theril'orc further
will, direct, ordain, and appoint, that it sliall he lawinl I'm the jiidives ol t' e said ■ oirenie cmirt, by sneli general riiicH
ni'd orders as hereinafter mentioned, to reiiiilrc the "aid dislrict court- Ui trnnsi. t to tli»ni at Cidondni the recnrils of
(•uch district courts in miy ca»es upon whicli ii|i|ieals may have I'eeii entered, and we do nnlhori/,c . • I empower the
jiiiares of the said supreme court collectively, at miv siieli nem r.i. -esslin.s a' liire«aiil, v the co.icnt nf all the
liti'„-niit parties, hut not othcisvise save as hcieinaltir proviilid in cases ii|ipi.ileil to us In .ir pilvy ciiiiiieil , to hear
nny -neb a|ipeals, or to decide the same, or any particular questi' n or qnolinns nrisini; tin
and without further nnjoment, and to remit any sucii records, with i.ueii their liiinl dec: ' i
courts, to he by tliem cariied iiilo execuiinn.
(ill. And whereas, lor carryinK into cft'ect the vnrlnis provisions nf this present clu iter, nnd for t'. more prompt
nnil effectual ailminlHtration of justice in niir snld Isl md. It I- necessary that ■ . .'ila ions slieuld be mni' lucthi); tlio
cnni-eand manner of proceedinK to be oliservcd nnd full iweil in all suits, act, .ns, . id criminal prose 'ii .le, and other
pri'icrilin(;s wlintsncvcr, to he broumhl, conimenced, had, oi taken within lb- said ll-.trict courts mid tlia said supi ^mo
rmnls respectively, which regulations cannot ho propeiiy made e.xciid by tie uii;!es ..;' the said suiircme court ; we li)
tl'orelore hen by further declare our plen nn to be, and do will, or lain, liicct, a-id aipnint, that it shall he lawlii' r
the Indues of the said mprcine ronrt ci'lloclively. at any ^'cneral sessions to he hy them I. olden at Coliinilei ai al'oic>ald.
fveiii time In time to Irame, coiistlliite, and esliibiisli sueli u'cneral inles mid or.lers ol court as to them shall seem iiieor,
tiiichint; and conccrnins; the time and plane of hohliio.; any jjeiiir.il se-sions of the JuiiKCi of the said siipieme court
colli'i-tivelv, mid any civil or criminal sessions of tlic >aid sii]ireme court on a. V -in-b eirciiiis a« aforesaid, or In the
l)l-triet of Colombo mill the said several district courts, lis shall not he iiicmisi-tent willi the mitiiority hereinbef'ire
Ciantcd to the (joveriior of our said i-lai (I respectiiiL; the appointinv of the tunes at wliieli and the places to which the
ju 'r.rs of the said snpr< me court shall lurlorin their cireuds, to(;n;her with such Kcneral rii'is and orders as to them
shall seem meet, mid toiinbiiiK and conecrnin;; the form and manner of pvor hl; to be iib-erved in tlie said supri'ino
crurt at nny general se.sions, and iil such civil and criminal sessions ris lU'tesaid on hiieh circuits as afoiesiild, oi in the
Histriet of Coloinho and In such district cou'ts respeelively. and toiieliiir,' and cone, riiinir the i raelice and ,deadiiij;s
11111111 all nctions, suits, and other m.itters, h db civil and criminal, to b.- tin rein br.iiu'lit, the prieecihiius of the liscils
anil iillicr minhtcriiii oMicers of the said courts respectively, tl.e proce.-is ot tlu said court.., and the iii"dc of executing
tl'.e same, tlie qualilications, sunimnninir, imiianncliiur, nnd ehallentrint; of a---cssors, a'ld llie sii'iinonin;,', i'lipanneliiii;,
and clinllen(;in(f of jurors, arrest on iiie-iie process or in e.'iceutioii, the tiili'iii; of hail, tlie duties of u'aolers and others
(■lnu:.ed with tlic ciitody of |irisoners, in so far as respects the nmkiiiK due K'lurns to tlie res iicetive judges of the saiij
mpMiie court of all pri-oners in their custody, and respecting the n.odc of pmsi eiiliiif; such appeals as alorcsaid from
tlie said district crur'--, (he admission of advoeitcs and ; toitors in th" sail euerts rcsp'ctlvely, to(,'ethcr with all siioli
Eciietal rules and orders as may he necessary lor tjivinir full and comi'letc ili'ict to the provisions of '.his present charter,
ill whatsoever respects the form and manner of administer r iiistic'C in the several i oints hrreliy constituted, and all
sneli rules, orders, and renulitiniis truiu time to time tore- .v. niter, amend, and reiu'w, as occasion may require:
I'r viile.l always, tl:at no su.li lules, orders, or rcKiilalioi ' ' iie rci u/naiit to this our charter, and that the same
sliiiU he so framed as to promide, as- lav as may be, the di-covery ol tiutb ainl economy and expedition in the despatch of
business of the said several ceurts re-pei tiiely, ai.d that tlie same be drawn up in plain, succinct, nnd cninpeiidieu*
tiinis, avoidiiiK all iiiuiceess.iry reiictitions and obscurity, ami promiilijated in the most public and niithentic manner in
tVe said i-lniid, as Ioiik hel'.ire the same shall operate imd take elTeet as to such judges may appear (iraclieablc and
renvenient, and provined nhvays, tliat all such rules , tiers, and rei;ulatii>ns sliall (ortnwith he traii.smittcd tJ us, (air
l.eir'-, and successors, under the seal oi the said cour' m our or their approhation or disallowance.
(il. And we do further Brent, ordain, direct, c «:ip 'iiit, tli.it it shall he lawinl for any person (T persons hcinfc'ii
party or parties to any civil suit or aeiion dope 'i. ,; i.i the .'iiid suprime court, to aptieal to lis, our heirs nnd successors, in
iMir ur till ir privy eoiiiicil, apiinst any tiiial juilpiieut, necicc, or .-enteiue, or H>;aii.>t any ride ir order made in any such
civil suit or action, and haviiij; the elVect of a liiuil or delinilive sentence, and whieli aiipeals shall he made snhjiet lo the
rules and limitations lollowint; ; that is to say. First, that helore any such appeal shall he hrouirht, such jndirment, decree,
si'iitenee, will, or order, sli.-.U he I;.' iifjht by way of review before the jnilK'es of the said snpicmi' court collcetivcly, huhlinp
aKciK-ral sessions at t'olombo, at wliich all the said judges of the said siqireinc ciiurt shall he prcsuit and assisti'nj;. which
juilires shall by such rules and orders as alorcsaid regulate the form and nuiiieer of procccdinir to heoli;irved in hriniiintr
cverysiichjudjiment, decree, sentence, rule, or order byway of review helore them, and shall thcreii|ion proneunce judgment
aec'riiiiB to law, the jinlnmcnt of the majority of which judges shall he taken and recorded as tiie jiuif;! nieiit of the said
cuiirt collectively. Secondly, every such judgment, decree, order, or sentence Iriiu whieli an appeal shall le ailniitted to
us, our heirs and siieeessors as ahircsoid, shall be niveii or proiiouneed lor or ill respect of a sum or matter at issue above
the .-iiiiomit or value of .t'.'iDO steilini;, or shall involve directly or iiuiireetly the title to proiierty or to seiiiie civil rifrlit cx-
cveain^'the value of .d.'am sterliiif;. Thirdly, the person or persons feeling atftjneved hy such juil^'meiit, decree, order, or
H-ateuce, shall within fourteen days next after the same shall have heen pronounced, inaile, or given, apply to the said su.
jj
If.H
APPRNOIX IV.— ASIA.
prcmo court nt siicli (ypiicral scssiiiin as nforosnid, hy potiMini, tor loivi- tn iiiipi'il thorofrom tii u*, our licirj, and xn(■l•('^[lr■i,
in Miir nr tlioir (irivy rmincil. Kcmrtlily, if siirli If ivc to ii|j|ii'U shall hi- pmyi-il liy tlio (liirty or imrtios who is or iirr iul.
jii<l|;i'il to pay any sum ol inoncy or to pcrl'oriii any duly, thi' siid siipromc roiirt slmll iliri'ct tliat (In- jiidt;nii'iit, (Umtii', or
(iciitiMU'f appcali'it troin slmll lir cinird into cxi'iiitioii, if tlu' puty or p uiirs ri'^poiidcnt shall irivo security for thr iiinni'.
diatc pcrformmicc of any jiiihrcMU'iit, dciri'i', or sciilcncc which may he proii.iiiMCcd or made hy us, our heirs, and -.unis.
HorH, ill our or their privy Ciiimcil, upon any siieli appeal, and nnlil sneh seeuriiy he t'ivcn, the cxecntioM of the .indirniriii,
decree, order, or sentence appcale<l from shall lie stayed, rifllilv, provided nevertheless, tli vt if the |)irty or parties apiiel.
nnt shall estahlish to the salisf.u'tioii of the sahl supreme court, that real anil siihslantial jiistiee rcipilres that, pcMdiii^-Mieli
appeal, execution should he ^t,lyed, it shall be 1 1 a lid for sueli snpveiiie court to order liie e'<ee!itioii of such .iud;cMieiil, i|i..
cree, order, or senleiiee to he -t tyed peiidiii.; sm-'i .ippe U, if the imiIv ir parties app^dlaiit •■h ill ,L;ive •cenrity lor Ih ■ iiiene.
ili ite perforin nice of any iiidu'iiient, d.'crce, or senleiiee which in \y he pronounced or made liy us, our heirs, and s.ieees^nrs,
ill Diiror their privy cimneil, upon any siicli apiieal. Slxtiily, in all e ises security shall hi' (,'iveii hy the party or pariien
appellant for the pro.sceiiiion of the appe,\J, and for the iiavment of all siiidi c ists as may he awarded hy us, our heir , and
Hiiccessors, to the pariy or part ie-- rc'-pondeut. Scienlhly, the courl Ironi which any such appeal as afore-aid sh.ill l,e
hriaiiflit, sliall, snhjeet to the conditions hereiiialter meiilioiiel, deterinuie the iiatiirc, ainoiint. and siiitiideney ot t lc
Hovoral scciirilics so t i he taken as aforesaid. Ki;hlhly, [innided neverthele-.s, that in any ci-e wlicrcthe -iilijcct of liiij;;!.
tioti slmll consist of immoveahle laoperty, and the jmlicinent, decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall not eliaiip,'c,
nffc'ct, or relate to the actual occupation tlnreof, no security shall he (lemanded either fnan the iiarty or parlies respoii.l.'rit,
or from the party or parties apiiell.int, for the perforniaiiee id' tlie iii<l'.-ni<nt or sentence to he |irinioiiiiecd or made iii.-ii
such apiieal ; hut if such judgment, decree, order, or sentence sh.iil ehan:,'c, alfcct, or relate to the occupation of aii\ mi-ii
inopcrty, then such security shall not he of frreater amount than may he necessary to secure the restitnlioii, free Ir.ia all
<lanm);c or loss, of such proiierty, la' of the intermediate iirolil which, peiidiii:; any such appeal, may pridialily accrue fi"iii
the intermediate oeeii|iatioii thereof. Ninthly, in any case where tlie suhjcct of lititratinn shall consist of money or it: r
chattels, or of any personal ileht or demand, the security to he demanded, cither from the party or parties icspiaidehl, nr
from the jiarty or parlies apiiellant, for the performaiul' of the jiidument or sentence to he prononnced or made iipun lu ii
appeal, shall he either a bond to he entered iiilii in the amount or value of such siihjeet of liliuation, hy one or more sieli.
rient surely or sureties, or such security shall he >;iven hy way of inortt:at;-e or voluntary condciiuiation of or upon soeie im.
inoveahle property situate and hcini; within sneh i~l and, and hein;!: of ihe full value of such suhject of liliu- itioii, over i.n.l
nhove the amount of all niortKai;cs and charccs of whatever nature upon or aU'eetiii^' the same. Teiithly, the seeuriiy [i\v
/riven hy the iiarty or parties appellant for the prosecution of the ajipeal and for the payment of costs, shall in no ea^c ewi'cil
jtlllKI sterlinjr, and shall he jriven either hy micIi surety or sureties, or hy such inorli,'atre or vo!:;:;; iry coiideimiali>ii as
aforesaid. Eleventhly, if the security to he iriven hy the party or iiarlies appellant for tlie prosecution of the ap|ieal ami hj
the payment of such costs as may he awarded, shall in manner aforesaid he completed within three months from Ihe il ili' nf
the petition for leave to apjieal liieii, and not otherwise, tlie said supreme court slmll make an order allowiii);; such :i;i|)al,
and the party or parlies appellant shall heal liherty to prefer and prosecute liis, her, or their ap|)eal to us, our heir-, ami
successors, in our or their privy council, in such manner nnil under such rules as are oh.served in a|)peals made to ii^ in our
privy council from lair plantations or cnhaiies. Twellfhly, provided nevertheless that any person or persons fei lin,'
atftjrievcd hy any order which may he made hy, or hy any proccedintrs of Ihe said snprenie courl respectin^f the seciiiity la
lie taken upon any sneli appeal as ahiresaid, shall he and is licrehy authorized hy his, her, or their petition tons iiiiiiir
privy council, to apply for redress in the |irciuises.
lij. Provided always, and we do further ordain, direct, and declare, that nothii'i^ eonlaincd doth or shall exli iid in
take away or ahr.d(,'e the uniloiihted ri;;lil la' authority of us, oiir lieirs, and successors, to admit and receive any a!i|n;il
from any jiid^rincnt, decree, sentence, or order of Ihe said siipreinc court, on the hiiinhle petition of any person or pirMiis
at,-(;rievcd therchy, in any c.i-e in which, andsuljeel to any e>>nilitions or restrictions upon and under whicii it may sci'iii
meet to us, our heirs, and snceessors, so to .uhnit and receive any such appeal.
Ii:i. And we do further direct and ordain, that in all ea-^es of appeal allowed hy the said suiuemc court, or hy i|s, nnr
luirs and successors, such court shall, on the application and at the cost of the party or parlies ap{:illant, eertily and Iran*,
mit to us, our lairs and siiccessias, in our or tiicir |iri\ y council, a true and exact eo|iy of all prociedinj.'^, e\idviii\»,
jiidl^ments, decrees, and orders had or made in such causes so appealed, so far as the same have relation to the iiialtLrnf
appeal, such copies to he ccrtitied under Ihe seal of the said court.
(il. Anil we do furlhcr ordain and direct, that the said su|ircine court shall, in all eases of appeal tons, our lieir^ airl
successors, conform to, execute, and carry into inuncili.ite ett'ect, such jud;;mciit and orders as we, our lieiis and siuvi"..
sors, in our or their [irivy council, shall make tin reiipon, in such manner as any iiri);iniil judgment or decree of the ~:.iil
supreme court can rr niav he executed.
fia. And we do further ordain and dirci't, that all laws, customs, and iisaircs, now or at any time hereafter esta'ili luil
or In force in the said inland, so lar as such lav s or usaj;es arc in anywise repntrnant to or at variance with the pri>eiil
cliorter, shall he and Ihe same archcrel.y revoked, ahroKaled, ri-ciiakil, ami annulled.
(ili. And we do fiirUjcr ileclari', ll.at fer the purpose and within tlie nieanini; of the jirc-ent charter, any iicrson law-
fully adniinisterintr for the time lieintf the KovirniiRiil of the said inland, shall he deemed and taken to he tlie uawriiiir
thereof.
()7. And we do lurther ordain and direct, that at the expiration of two calendar monlhs next after the arriv:d witliin
tlie said island of tlie-e pre-eiits, or at such earlier period as the pneriior fer llie lime heiiijc of the sidil i-luiid sli ill, la ii
procliimatiin to he for that purpose i>^sueil. appoint, this our charier shall come into operation within Ihe slid islaml : hiiiI
from that time forward every siiit, a ticui, complaint, m.atler, or tliiii); which shall he then ile|ii ndint; helore any e inrt nil-
iiiinisterin^r justice hy oririiial or apiadlatc jiiriMlielii n in the said i-land and ils I'.ependencies, .-IliII and may he prnieiilid
upon ill the court in which il oii;;hl to have lain insliuited, or to wiiicli ii oiiuht to iiave hceii carried up in appeal, il il iiul
liceii iiistitiileil or carried up in a] peal alti r the time when the provisions herein contained shall have come into oiicaliiii;
ami all proccedin^rs which shall hcrealter he had in such suit, aelioii, eomplainl, matter, orlhiiiK: re|iectively, shall lie
eondiicted in like inaniii r as if such suit, iielion, eoinplaint, inaller, or IliiiiK' had heen institiitiil or c lined up in ,ap;ii il in
or to such last mi iilioneil court : and all the records, iniuiiniciil, and proceediiij^s whatsoever hclon;,'ii',;; or |ierlaiiaiiL'hi
any suit, action, complaint, matter, or Ihiii^', shall, when the provisions herein eonlaincd shall lia\e come into oper.iliin,
lie delivered over hy the eimrt in which soeli suit, action, ci inphiint, matter, or thintr shall he tin n ilependini: to the eniirt
ill or to wliieli such suit, action, comphiint, matter, or thiii); ou;:lil to have heen iiistdiitcd or carried up in a|ipeal, if il liiil
been inslitiited or carried up in a|ipea! aiier the lime when the provisions herein contiiincd shall have come iiilo opeiutlan.
fin. And we do hereby striell) charge and eommand all Mfournors, conunanders, niaMiisI rales, ministers, civil miil
military, and all our lie^:e siihjccts within and hcliaiirinir to the said island and its liepcndencies, thai in the exeeelioiief llio
several powers, jurisiliclions, and authorities hen hy Kiantcil, made, |,'iveii, or ereated, they he aiding and a' -i>tiii),'aml
oheilieiit in all thin^rs, os they will answer the contrary at their peril.
(il). Provided always, that iiitliinp: in tlicM' presents eontaiiieil, or any act v.liieli shall he done under Ihe aiitlierity
thereof, shall extend or be deeiiied or construed to extend to pre\eiit us, our heirs and snccc-^-ors, h\ anyollur littit'
patent to be hy us or Ihcni from time to lime for that purpose is^lled under the jcrcat seal of the riiiled Iviuiriloin, InuM it-
vokiii); this our charter or any part Ihercot, or from makiiii; siieii furlhcr or other provision for the administration ni jii-.tiio
throughout the said island and ils depeiidciicics, at our and their will and pleasure, as circiimslaiices may reipiiiv; wo
nieaiiiiif,' and intendini: fully and alisi Intel) , and to all intents and piiriiosi s whatsoever, to reserve to oiirsclvis, .mr luirs
ami successors, such and Ihe same rights and powers in and over the --aid island and its dependencies, and e-pii'iiill)'
toueliinw: the administralion of justice therein, and all other inatlcrs and lliiii)i:s in and hy these i.rescnts provided Inr, ii>if
tliese presents had not been m.iilc ; anylhinu' in these presents cinlained, or any law, custom, iisai;e, mailer, or lliiKi;
whatsiievcr to tlie contrary in anywise iiolwilhstandini;. In « itness w hereof we have caused these our letters to lie iiia^.i'
patent. Witness nurselfut Westiniiisler, the Ibtli day of February, in the third year of our reign.
By writ of I'rivy Seal.
(CouiitcrsiKneil}
BATIIIRST.
Wii.i.ia:
Faith, To on
patent under
liny of April,
ifMvernor am
pleasure to l
nmnner as in
tn you the sa
(rnvernment,
.snhject to nlli
relates to the
oppoint, that
the lecislativt
respectively h
ill!,' to siieli III
oar si);iiet am
And we do hi
and consent o
aiid Kooil (jovi
with «:iven to
selves, our he
ostahlish from
such laws as n
pendencies, as
yiiiir warrant.
WM.r,
liistriirlions In
I'limmiinilf
till I) tif Mill
I. Wiiiiiii
the j.lrd day of
vcriior and con
ilnte the iptli i|;
(Irelaic our pli
tively the IckIsI
we did anionjjsl
ri's|iectively me
Odniinission, In
tn revoke the sii
ileelare our plea
liirehy ahsoiiite
and nil others w
^'. ^'oii lia\
nieiitioned, it i-
fpiin the said isl
nsMiminj; and e
imlilisheil in tin
imiiited to he tal
security of Mis ;
liciiij; protestani
as altered and e
fur alteriinr the
i^!aje^ty (Jiieeii
liniited reipijre^ i|
triMsrin," " or in
Kiii^- (leorue III,
said former ads
fertile due exeei
imimrtial adnilni
tii'iis, to do tlieii
till' chief jiiil;;e I
which heiii;; diil\
salil chief jiii|);e a
saiilishinij respe,
ami of the indivii
iiMial oath hir II
piveriior, lieiitei
persiiiis ns shall I
tlicexeeiition of ■
■<■ And we a
naiiliifonr said i,l
intliat hehalf, to
any iittiee or plac.
there, such oi th>
•III' same shall he
I- -Villi Willi
wariiic date th,-
f^P.vlnii a council,
"islriiclioiis in Ih.i
liitive council of,,
lialiliiif omees wit
Mich .iitieu.
■■>• And Weill
he senior oificer I
tliPKdvcrmneiit i
•n.isiirer for the I
"iceeiitrnlprovm.
,, and snca'Mirs,
/\\i> in iir iur iiil-
iioiit, iUmtit, iir
ty for thr iiiinu'-
I'irs, niiil -•lll■l■l■^.
il' till' .iU'lt~'i'"'ii'i
111' iKU'lic-' apiii'l-
li jiul^rm'Ul, ill*,
ty lor til ' inmu'-
, iiiiil siifi'i's^ors,
• party or \Kinii4
s, (Hir lii'ir , iiMil
ilori-aiil >li.ill III'
iillicicury of {'.w
• >lll)jict of lilix:l.
sllllli not cllillli;!',
urtii's ri'spoii.U'iif,
•I'll or luiiil"' II!'"'!
r.ltioll of lin> -Mil
iiiii, free ir. ill .ill
liiihly ;«riui' Ii'mii
if inoiu'V or I'l.i. r
ii's rospoiuU'iit, nr
ir miiili' upon --hi ii
our or iiiori' >iiii-
'or u\ioii siii'.ii' iiii-
lii,-;itii)ii, ovi'r i.'i.l
tlio soi-iirily I 1 1'l'
I ill no i-,iM' lAii'iil
• iMiiiiUiiiii.iti"ri :i<
till' iippi'al iiiiil l''t
lis from till' il lie nt
owiii); surli ai.ii;;il.
us, our lii'ir>, ami
i iniuk' lo ii> in "iir
nr persons IVilnr;
■tin;; tin' i^i'i'ntity In
■lilion to us in mir
II or slmll I'xti nil In
ri-fi'ivi' any apiKil
y person or piiM.ii,
r wliicii it may >ei'iii
■ourt, or by ii-i, nnr
it, eertily ami lrnii<-
•eeili"!-'^. e\iil-.nii>,
lion to tlie nialtL-riii
to n-*, oiir luip' anil
nr lieiis ami sniw».
or lU eree of tlie ^;.iil
lereaftir esta'ili lu'il
luce Willi the priMhl
ler, any piT^"" l''^-
Into lie tlie nMurimr
|er the arrivl wit'iin
ill i-laiuUiinl. I.v 11
|tue >-iiil i>laml; "ml
11 i,.ic any e mrt iiil-
I,! may lie iirnii'i'iiiil
in ajip^'al, ii " '''■'
line into oiieialiiili;
[■peetively, sli.iU l;i'
ried np in aiiin il ai
inn or pertaiiini.'fi
,11111' into oiiiT.Ui '1,
lienillni.-tollie eniirt
p in appi'al. i' " '""'
foineinto oiiiMatmn.
iiuni.--lers, eivil ami
the exeeulauM
ftlie
hH ainitts-i^tini;;iiiil
I iiniler the iintli"rily
any other litlir-
.Kiniiiloin, Innnii--
I'inistratmn nii'i-lio'
es inav reipiiii'; »c
loiirselv.:-, iiMrluiM
leies, anil e-|iii-i;ill;-.
.proviiU'il liir, a^i'
., matter, or H""-'
lottcia 10 lie !"*•''
nATlMKST.
APPFNDIX IV— ASIA.
srpri.i;.MiiNTAKi cd.mmismun.
1C9
Wii.i.lAM the Fonrtli, by the nmre of (i id, of the rnitod Kini
... .... ...._' loin of (Jreat Ilritaiii nnd Ireliiil Kinu', Opfonder of Ihi*
Fnifh, To our riirht trusty and well-lieloved I'ouni illir, Sir Uoliert .1 I'ln Wilmot Morton, rhrht irreeli'iir: Whereas hy letters,
patent under tlie irreat seal of our I'nited Kinu'dom of (iieat llrit lin and Ireland, lieiirinu: ilale at We.^tniin^ter, on the .':ird
dnv of April, ISIII, in the Hr'-t year of onr reiirn, we did eonstitule and iipiioint you to he, duriiiL- onr will and pleMsiire, our
governtir and eoinnninder-inehief in and over onr settlements in Cevlou, in the Indian ^la-, and did thereliy ileel ire onr
pleasure to he, that there should he within onr said island
r\Speeil% I ly iie l iili^l iiiiii u iii mi, ii iiiitiiiiv i nr, m i nni iit iiuii iiii i i i i ■ i>> , .iv ii ■ , , n, • i- 'n ^ iiv i i ,, i< ii ,^1,111 n > _, > >.,, m n, -
init to sueh further powers, iiistruetions, and authorities as shall at cny I'nlnre thne lie granted to or appointed for you uniler
our si(;net ami sit;n manual, or our order in inir privy eoiineil, or l>y r.s, Ihronarh one of onr priiieipal seeretaries of state :
And we <lo hereby pive and trraiit to yon the s,aid Kohert .lohii Wilmot llorlno, lull power ami autlmriiy, witli the advice
and eonsent of the saidletrislative eoimril of onrsiild ishiiid, to make, en let, ordain mil e^t ihlisli laws for llie onler, peaee,
anil irood tcnveniuient of our said island, suhjeet nevertheless lo all sueh rules and reirulations as hy the inslruelions here-
with i^iven to you, we have thouiijlit tit to preserihe in that he!, ilf : Provided neviTlheli'-s, and we do hereby re-erve to our-
selves, our heirs and sueeessors, our and their iindonhted ri^rlit and authority to di allow any sueh laws, and to mtlie and
establish from time to time, with the adviee and eonsent of I'arli;iment, or with the aiUiee of mir or their privy eouneil, all
siii'li laws as may to US or them appear neeessary to the order, peaee, and poi'd -overinnent of our said island and it-, de-
pendencies, as fully as if these presents hail not been made. In witness, iVe, witness, \e. ..Viid lor so iloini; this shall ho
yiiiir warrant, (iivcn at our Court at St. James's, the Ulth day of .Nlareh, Ik:ij, in the third year of onr reitru.
Ity liis .Majesty's eoinniand.
W'l 1,1,1AM R.
(iODKUil'll.
limlfui'lions III our rii;lit Inistu mill Ufllliflni'i'd Cmiiiiillin-, Sir Unhirt Jnliii M'ilmii/ lliirliiii, h'liifihl, nnr (liirrriinr and
t'tnniniDiilrr-iii-i'hii'f ill tin t iirrr itiir ist'iiid iif ('i'</lnn unit its ili'/iriidt'/irirN. iiiri' : ,tt nnr Ctiitrt iit St,Jiiini's\s, tlir 'l\)tU
Hint Ilf Miivrli. in Ihi'lliiril tliuir iif'inir rfiiTii.
dill/ ttf Miiri'hf in thr third tfi'itr iifiiitr rfi^^ii
1. WiiKiiK.vs by a eommis-ion nniler onr (rn-at seal of onr t'nited Kin
'rdimi of frre.at raitain and Ir,'l-ind, hearimrdate
ami appoiiit you, ihiiiiiur onr pie i-nie, onr
and by certain letiers. patent hiariiiH;
the 'JHril day of .\pril, IH.ll, in the lirst year of onr rei:;n, we did e militnle
vernor and ei'iiimander-in-chief ol and over onr island ol Ccylnn, in the Indian sei. , ,. ,
ilfite the ipth day of .March instant, in the Ihiril year of onr rei^'ii, we did revoke certain parts ol tliat commi sion, and diii
dci'hirc onr pleasure to he, tliit there sh mid hi' wituiii oir siil isl mil t>vi) sciiri! ' e ).i'icil-i, to he ealled rcsp 'c
tiii'ly the lej;islative eonneil and the executive eonncil : .\nd whereas by thesaiil coinuiis Ion and letters p.iteiit respcelivrh ,
we did aniiint;st other thinus, refer to and reiinire yon to ciinhirm to and oh-erve such general instruetious as are tin rein
ri'spectively mentioneil : .\nil whereas the general in-trnetions ■.iiiiler onr sifinel ,ind ^il;n manual, referred to in yiinr s.ud
ciiininission, bore date on the ;iiith of April, ls:il, niiil acciniipanied the sai'ie ; .And whereas we have deemed it expeiliiui
tn revoke the said treneral instructions, and to substilnte the treneral instrnelioii-. li lliiwiin; ; Now, tlicri lore, we do hereby
ileclare our pleasure to he, that the said (general in-truetions of the :iiillidayof .Vpril, Ih:ii, shall he and tlieanieare
evoked and annulled aceordinnly ; we hereby in place and slead thereof sub- lilii int; and reipiiriii;? yoii
and all others whom it may concern, to conform ti and observe tlie several instrnction.-. followimr, that is to say
^oii havintr, in pursuance of our said eommi-siou and forieer in-truclion-, already taken the
al oaths lln'rein
mentioned, it is our will and pleasure that the liiiitcnant-irovcrnor, or inneer who, in the e\ cut of your death or absence
fniin the said island, may be appoinled to the temporary adr.iini.siralinn of ihe i;'overnnieiit in . nr .said i^l.iiid, siiall on his
as-inuint; and entering upon the excention ol sueji oliice. with all ilne solcmnily, e,in~e onr ci'mmi>-ioii to he read ami
imlilished in the inc-ence of the jndKe and nienibers of tli ■ csecniive e Mined, and shall ilien mil :lii re take the oatli- .ip-
IHiinteil to he taken by an act passed in the liist year of the reiirn of KiiiKlieorire the l-'irst, iniilnhd " .\n .\et f.ir the Inrll.er
Rcrurity of Mis Majesty's perMin and irineniment, and Ihe siiceosion of the Crown in the heirs ot the late rrine'-> Soplea,
liiinc protestants, ami for e.vliiurr.ishint;- Hie iiii|ie-. of Ihe pretend, d I'ri
of \\.,l.,sanil hi-
pen am! eoneealeil .ihetior-
ns altered and explained by an act passed in tlie ,-i\th jear of his late .Nhijcsty l-Cnej (i.'oi);e the Third, in;ili;le.l, " .\n Act
fur alterinir the Oath of .\hjnratiim and the .VsMir.'ince, amUor anienilim; so iiiin h ol an act o! I!;v' ~e\eiirh vi , r . f her jiiie
iVaje-ty (Jiieeii .\iiiie, intituled, ' .An .\et tor the linprineineiit of Ihe ri.ion of Ihe l.>io Kin'-Tdoiii'-, as alter Hie time tbereiii
limited reiiuires the delivery of certain lis;s and copies therein mentioned to person- imiii led of hii,'h ire ison rr niispiision of
tri'iistin,' " or in licit thereof, Ihe oath reiprrcd to lie taken by an act passu! i:i tlie tenth year of tne ri iu'ii of ITh l.ilc .i!,ije,~ly
Kin;; (ieorire the I'lnnlb, intilnled, " .\n Act lor t!ie Keliifol his N!aji>t)'s llouiiin Catholie Sehjects," aieorilim: a.-, the
sail! fiirmeracts or thi' said lii>l nieiilioned net sliall hi' applicilih to your i
aiid likeivce thai yon do take the ii--nal o.ith
fur the due execution ol Ihe olhee of onr t;ovirnor and cimmanderin-ehii I in tuiil o\ cr our said island, and for the dnc and
impiirtial inlministrattou of ju-lici- ; and turtlier that you do take tlic on'.h riii'iircd to lie taken liy tlie
time ,
thoeliief jndp' for Ihe ti
iirs of plant. I
to do their ntmiwt that the several law> rel.itiiiu' to trade and to tlie plantations l-e duly of.-cni il, w hi.'h said o.illi-i
whieli heii
ilillv
lierhirmei
■ill;; of our said ishiiid >h. ill and hi' i^ hereny riipiircd to ti niU'i and aihninister t^
Ihe trovernor, lieutenant -;;overnor,
all
Kliei'r app. linted as alore-a.d,
.dl administer to the
Miiil chief jiiilKO and to Ihe nnmlicrs hereinalter appoinled of onr r- aid executive e. '11111 il, and ol the let;i.-lalive eonncil ol the
saiilislaini res|iectively, such of Hie oaths nicntione.! in Ihe saUl seieial ads
i.ill he appheanle t.i the c 1: c of such jnd;;o
anil of the individual 1111 inlicr of our said respective councils t.ikiin; Ihe same; and y mi are ai- 1 t.i adiiimi -ler inito t!iei,i t!:e
ihiiid oath for the due exeention of their places and trusts rispecUiely, allwhieii outlis shad
also be ai
Iniinistered by Hie
t'livernor, lieutenant i,'oviriior, or la rsoii adiiiini .ieriii;; the pi.irninent of onr s.iie. ishiiul fur the time lieiiiK, to all siieli
persons as shall herealter he appointeil to be ineniber.s of our said eouneds retpeetivtly, before lliiy leipeetiiely enter uiiuii
the execution of siieli tln'iroOiec.
;i. And we anthori/e and reipnre tlie governor, lieutenant ijovernor, or olheer administering: the pnerMinent as ahirr.
saidiif our said island 1 Iroiii time to lime and at any lime here. ifler, by him ell, or by any oilier to he antnori/.i d hy you
in tlint behalf, to administer and to ;;ive to all and every siicli person or person- as yon or he sliall tiiink lit, w ho shall hold
any iiftiee or place of trust or proiit, or who slcill at any time or tinics pa.-is into onr said island, or I.e n-idin;
al/idiiii
lib: lo the case of the indiiidiiai t.) whom
there, such ol Hie said oaths in the said several acts emit, lined as shall be applie.t
the same shall he admiiiistered.
I. And whereas hy the said lettors-imtpiit unilcT the prrcat seal of our rniteil Kingdom of (ireat Uritaiii and Ireland,
brariiii; date the Ipth day of .March, ls:i:i, we declared onr will and pleasure that there should he wilhiii our saiil i~l.ind of
Ceyliiii a council, to he called the Ic;;!-! iiiic eouneil of oiirsaid island, to lie coiistitnted in sueh uiaiiiier a', in your general
initlriietions in tliat behalf should be directed : ,\'ow we do hereby si;;nity and declare onr plea ore to he, that the s!iiil le;:is.
eil of our said island of t'eylon sliall alivays consist of lifteeii la'rsoiis, ol whom nme sliall al all time, he persons
lalivi
liiihliiiiroiliees within the said ishiiid at our |)leasure, and the remaininiJ: six shall at all limes he persons not liohUn;;' any
siu'li iilHcu.
.■). And we do hereby declare and appoint that the chief justice of the supreme court of out said island for the time heins,
thp senior olfieer hir the time he, 11;; in eonmiand of our land lorees in the said ihlanil, and not liein;.r in the atlmi istr-dion of
tlieKnvernnient thereof; the colonial ecrettiry lor the time hcint: ; the aiidilor-ireiu ral hir the time hiii. le colonial
t^l,^Hllrer for the time heini; ; the irovernnicnt i';reiil for the western |ii"oviiii e lor the lime heinu ; the (■.oicrniiieiit aiteiit lor
hiceciitral province lor the liiiio huiun ; the siuveyiir-geiieral lor the time beiiiB ; and the collector ol ci.sioins al nnr perl
.V
17(1
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
of I'Dloinbo for the limo lu'inK, «tinl l)i' Mich iiiiip nfiicinl incinlHTs as aforcsnid ; anil tlmt any pprsnns lawfully Pxrriitinu
tlie iliitii'S of tlio said several Dtlici's, or any of tluin iliuint; tlii' ahscnir, or snspiMision, or iMcapacity, or upon the death or
iCsiKnatlon of any sueli ottieers, sluill, during the perl'ornianee of any siu'li duties, he the oflieial nienihers of the said leitis.
lative eouneil, as li:lly and eft'eetnally as tliimKli tliey had been hy ns appointed to such their otheos.
f). And we do (nnher declare and appoint that six persons, to he hy you selected for that purpose from and nut of
the chief landed proprietors and principal merchants of the said island, who have heen actually resident for a period nf
not less than two years in the said island, shall he the first or orii;inal un-olllcial nienihers of Ihe said le);islative council
and shall respectively hold their plices therein durinp: our pleasme, and which ftr-t or original un-officiul members shall
by you br ajipointed hy commissions to he for that purpose issued under the public seal of our saiil i-land.
7. And upon the death, incapacity, ahseece from the saiil island, sus|iPiision, or resit;nation of any of the said un-
(fBeial members of the said legislative council, we do aulhori/e and empower you to nominate and appoint hy a
commission, to he for that purpose issued under the public seal of our sard i-^and. any fit anil proper person or persons
to till any such vacancy or vacancies in the said legislative eouneil, who shall he so appointed only until our pleasure
shall be known.
H. And we do require you immediately to siprnify to us any original or subsequent appointment as aforesaid, to the
intent that the same may hy us he confirmed or disallowed as we shall see occasion.
9. And we do further declare our ideasiire to be, that the said leijislative council shall not he competent to act in
any case unless six members at the least of such council, in addition to yourself, or to the member wlio may preside
therein in your absence, shall be present at ami tbrouphont the ineetiiiKs of such council.
1(1. And we do further declare, that in the said legishitive council the ofiicial memliers shall take precedence of tln'
un-ofticial members, and that the oftieial members shall between themselves take precedence according; to the order
in which their res|ipctive offices are hereinbefore enumerated, and that the said nn-official members shall amonj; them-
selves take precedence aecordiuK to the prii^ritiis of their respective appointments.
II. And we do authorize and require you to preside in the said legislative council, except when you may lie
jircvented by some insuperable impediment, and at any meetings of the said council which may be holden diirini: your
absence, we do authorize and recpiire the senior member prcseiit to preside. And we do further declare our will to lie,
that all questions proposed for debaie in the said legislative council shall be decided hy the inajotily of votes, it beini,' our
pleasme that you, or the member prrsiilinpr in your absence, shall have an oritrinal vote in cominnn with the other
members of the said council, as also a eastiii)? vote, if upon any <|iiestion the votes shall be equally divided,
li. And for iiisiiiin(r iinnctiiality of attendance of the members of the said legislative council, and hii the iiieven-
tion of meetings of the said coniicii beini? Vmlden without convenient notice to the several members thereof, it is our
pleasure and we do hereby direct, that you do frame and propose to the said legislative council for their adoption siicli
standing rules and orders as may be necessary tor those purposes, with such other standing rules and orders as may tic
best adapted for maintaining order and method in the despatch of business and in the coudnct of all debates in the -aiil
council, which rules and orders not being re|)Ugnaiit to your said coiiunission, or to the saiil letters patent, or to tlic^i'
your general instructions, or to any other instrnctiiuis which you may receive from us, shall at all times be lollowcd anil
ohserved, and shall be binding upon the said legislative council, unless the same or any of them shall he disallowed
by us.
Ki. And whereas we have hy our said commission given and granted to you full power and authority, with tl.c
ndvice and consent of the said legislative council of our said i-land of Ceylon, to make, enact, ordain, and estalill>li
laws for the order, peace, and good L'overnment of our said islaii,,, subject nevertheless to all such rules and regulatinns
as by our general instructions we should think fit to prescribe in tliat behalf; Now we do hereby declare the lollowiiij;
to be the several rules and regulations so mentioned and referred to in your said commission.
14. It is our will and pleasure and we do hereby direct, that no law or ordinance shall be made or enacted by the
said legislative council, unle-s the same shall have been previously proposed hy your>elf, and that no iiuestioii ahall he
debated at the said council, unless the same shall first have heen proposed for that purpose hy you.
15. Provided neverthehss, and it is our pleasure, that if any u'einher of the said legislative council shall deem any
law fit to he enacted by the said council, or any question proper to be there uebateil, and shall of such bis <ipinion
transmit a written statenicnt to you, it shall be lawful for any such uieiubcr of the said hgislalivc council to enter iqnin
the minutes thereof a copy of any sncli statement, together with the reason upon which such his opinion may lie
founded.
It). And we do further direct that minutes he regularly kept of thp proceedings of the said legislative cnuneilhy
the colonial secretary or his Bssi-tant, and that the said legislative council shall not ever proceed to the despatch (if
business until the minutes of the last preceding meeting have first been read and confirmed or corrected as may he
necessary.
17. And we do further require and enjoin you twice in each year to transmit to us through one of our priiicipil
fecretaries of state, a full and evact copy of the minutes of the said legislative council for the last preceding ball-jiar,
vith an index to the subjects contained therein.
18. And it is our turther pleasure that you do not propose or assent to any ordinance whatever respecting the
constitution, proceedings, numbers, or mode of appointing or electing any of the members of the said legislative coiuhiI
or otherwise, in relation to any of the matters mentioned or relerred to in your said eommissinn and in tlic^c our
instructions, which shall be in anywise repugnant to or ine(uisi>tent with siuh comniis>ioii or iiistruclions, or repii^--
iiaiit to any Act of I'ar'iament, or to any oriler made or to be made by lis in our privy council, extending to or in hiu'o
within onr said island, hut that any such ordinance or pretended ordinances shall be absolutely null and void to all
intents and purposes.
11). Ami you are expressly enjoined not to propose or assent to any ordinance wl atever whereby any person may
be impeded or hindered from celebrating or attending the worship of Almighty (;od in a pcaceal.ie and orderly iiiaimci,
although such worship may not be condnetcd according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of KiiKland.
•20. And we do further enjoin you not to piopose or assent to any ordinance whatever whereby any new rate o'
duty may be imposed or levied, or our revenue might be Ics-ened or impaired, or whereby our prerogative niiglit ho
diniinishc I or in any re«pect infringed, or whereby any increase or diminuiion might he made in number, allowance, nr
salary of any public officers which have or shall have received our sanction, without our speeiil leave or coiimiaiiil
therein titst received.
•21. And we do further direct, that you do not propose or assent to any ordinance whatever vyhereby hills of credit
or debentures, or other negociable securities of whatever nature, may he issued in lieu of money on the credit of the
fiaid island, or whereby any government paiier currency may he e-tablished therein, or whereby any such bilN, or any
other paper currency, or iiy coin, save only Ihe le;;al coin of the realm, may be made or declared to be a legal tender,
withinit special permissi 1 Iroin us in that behalf first obtained.
•2-2. And we do further enjoin and eiumiiand you not to propose or assent to any ordinance whatever by which
persons, not being Kuropean hy birth or descent, might be subjected or made liable to any disabilities or restrictions to
which persons of Kuropean birth or descent would not be also subjected or made liable.
a;l. And it is our further pleasure that you do not propose or assent to any ordinances whatever for rais ng money
by the institution of any public or private lotteries.
•24. And it is onr will and [deasurc that you do not propose or assent to any ordinance whatever for the natiiraliza-
tion of aliens, or for the divorce of persons joined together in holy matrimony, or lor establishing a title in any peisou
to lands or other Immoveable property acquired by any alien betoie bis or her natutalization.
as. And we do further direct that you do not propose or assent to any ordinance whatever by which any tax nr
duty might be imposed upon transient traders, or upon persons residing and carrying on business for a short time wdhiu
our said island, from which other traders or persons carrying on the like business would he exempt.
'jti. And we do further ditect that you do not propose or assent to any ordinance whatever whereby any praiitof
money or other duiiatiou or gratuity may be made by the said legislative council to you, or io any member uf the Mi
council.
27. And I
prnperly 1.1 ai
of all bodies |
such iiriliiiaiic
•M. And i
once been refi
W. And I
intended to al
time t<> time, I
rules, and imi
uf any oidinai
pii>ti»iiiii.s the
of the eioiiiids
feiil of the sai
reel lliut the si
.'III. Ami it
styled " Ordiii
that no other s
in a siniple am
''II. And W(
five council, til
:<i!inilii'd throii
id'iuir firincipa
Ihi public seal
the earliest ore
onr plea>iire tli
only in the case
the delay iiicidt
Mveral rases w
Mith ordinance
yoH shall on iln
ns, onr heirs, a
he piisfcd hy yo
ilii'allouiiiice iic
M'.-crve to onise
iiniciid any such
f.m: should noi
in ivery such r;
ilreined to he d
•')'•*. And He
to he eiiMdled ii.
|ia«sed hy ymi, n
>i al of the etleel
ainendinL' the p
there rcniaiii on
"I all ordinance!
ainays and we d
pieient or delay
CNiidiiieni.
33. And we
the c lUiineiicenK
ces enrollid diiri
ceediniis of the «;
one of onr nriiici
.11. And He I
iliMinuni.shid hy
Mreressive year u
Mimiher of' oriliii
IIMphs, distingni!
sninimiry of Us cci
hi one aiid the sa
proresscd scope a
he Mispended, alt
ordinance he pai 1
the same.
n. And we d
draft of the same
lea>l ihree weeks
3(1. And Hhei
l"'»ilhin onr said
>lionld liy ihoe 01
>eveial persons lo
in the admiiiistra
time lieins ; the 1
heini;.
37. And we di
said eoininission,
^llall he Ion niijini
II may lie iieccssar
ainlai ihe eailiest
"idi the reascuis II;
3H. And we ih
ni'ines which shal
hieted with the ex
"i»ays that two of
llieir delilieiations
V'l'P' And We do
hill and exact copli
3!l. And we do
pouir eoiniiiiited t
the nimiheis of yoi
iiK-l ronveiiieiil <ip|
aforesaid, to the
■ for rais.ng money
APPENDIX IV.— ASIA.
171
27. And wc ilo fiiitlicr order and ilinrl lliiit yciii do not propi'sc or iisstril t» iiny (irivale Drditianci' uliiilcvpr wherpby lire
prnpirty iiiuiiy individual may be atl'i'cli'd. in which tlit'rr is mu a saviii<; of the riuht» of lis, oiii h<'ii>, and .-iiiii ^sum, anil
oral! Iiodlos poliilr and rorpciralf, and of all other prisun^j, I'xvrplini! Iho.'e al »ho>r iiistaniv or for whose t'i^pecial hcnellt
!!ii(:h ordinance may lie passed, and those elainiiim hy, from, ilnoiiKli, and iiiidei llnin.
•M. And ii Is our will and pleasnic that yon do not iiiopose or a^oeiii to any oidiiiance whatever to which our arisciit lias
iiMce lieen refnsed, williniit express leave for that purpose lirst ohiained from iis.
'i!l. And for ilie sake of oideily despaleli, and ilie pie\ent|oii of all undue piecipilalioii in the eiiaelment of oidinanceg
intended to alfert Ihe pioperly of iiidiviilnals liv the saiil l(.:i-lalive council, we do heieliy anlhoii/e and iiMpiiie you trom
time to time, as occasion may re<piire, to frame and piopose to the said conncil tor their adopiioir, such slanilinu older ,
rules, and forms of pioceedinu' as may Ih best adapted for tin' purpose afori-aid, and for insiirini; pie\ ion-ly to the pa^-inl{
uf any oidinance intended to allecl or lienilil piivale persons, that doe notice may be 'jiv, ii to all |iarlirs ciiiciriied of Ihe
proNisioiis thertot, wiib ample opportunity for oppoiiiL' the same, and that a full and iiiiparlial cxaniinalion iijn> lake plaie
of the eioiinds irpon which the same niii) iie pioposed or re-istid ; and we do aiilh >ii/e yoir fr' in time lo tiiire, wiih Ihe c <n-
M'lit of the said conncil, lo revoke, alter, or renew such riilis, orders, ami lorins as there may be occasiorr ; and we du di-
rect that the same, when adopted by therrr, shall Ire rlirl> observed in all their pioci'cdiniis.
.111. And it is our fmllrer will and pliasiire, that all l'"vs Kr he enacted by the said biiislative conncil shall henceforth he
styled " Ordinances enacted by the !;o\einor of te>loir, wi'i the advice and consent of the lestislalivt coirncrl thereof;" and
that no other style or form shall ever henceforth be oh ervt I in any .such eiiaclmeiils, and that all sricii ordinances be drawn
ill a simple arrd compinnions foiiii, aviridirm prolisliy nrd i ntoloiiy.
31. And we do frirther direct, that when any ordirraiu ■ hall have been passed by yon, with the ailvice of the said legisla-
live conncil, the same shall be forlhuilh laiil beforeyoii for our linal assent, disallonance, or other dircciiorr Iheierrporr, to be
siunilied thronuh yon, for which pir-iose ive do hereby rei|iiire yuu with all convenient spceil to trarr'-inil to rrs, lhroir>{h one
of orir (irincipa' secretaries of state, a trarrscripi in drrplicate of every srrch oidiiiance as aforesaid, dirly aulhenlicated rrnder
the priblic seal uf the said island, and by yonr owrr sif^naliire ; and we ilo direct that every snch tiaiiscript be Iran^niitted by
Iheiailiest occasion next after tlie enactment of Ihe said ordinarrce, and Ural no srrcli orijinance be made to lake eti'ecl riiitil
iiirr plea>nre thereupon he tirst made known and siunilied lo yon, and by yon to the iiiliabilanls irf the said island, exi;eptiirg
only in the case of ordinances for raisini! lire annual supplies for Ihe service of lire said island, and in any llier cases in wiricli
the delay incident to a pievions coinmirnlcalion with ns would he productive of seriorrs iirjiiry or iirrorrverric nee, in whicli
•I'M'ral cases we do Ireicby anihoji/e you, with tin' advice of the saiil le<!r>lative corrrrcil, to deieimiiie the lirrre al nbicli any
such ordinance shall lake ell'ecl anil have its operation within the said islarrd; whicli procri'diii<.', nilli the reasons thereof,
villi shall on the eailiest occa'.ion report to iis ibroiiuh one of our principal seen taries of stale. Aid we do hereby reserve lo
rrs, iinr heirs, and successors, frrll power and arrthoriiy to eonlirin and linally eiraet or to disallow any oriliiiance which may
lie passed by yorr, with lire aihice and mnsent of the said Ic^islalive mrrncil, either in whole or in pait, such coniiriiraiiori or
(lisalliiwatice iieins from lime to tirrre simiiiied to yon lliroir:;h one of oirr prirrcipal secretaries of si.ite. And we do firilher
le-erve to ourselves, oni heirs, and srrcce-sors, with the advice of our and their |irivy ciuncil, full power arrd airtlrorily lo
:iirii'nil any snch ordiirance as aforesaid in such manner as may be necessary and expt dieiit ; and if on arry occasion our (ijea-
siire shoiiid not bcsisinitied loyoii upon any such ordiirance as afore-aid within three years next alter the date Ihereof, Ihen arrd
in every snch case it Is oiii jileasiire thai from anil after the expiialioii of sirch lerm of three years, such ordinance shall be
(Irenied to be disallowed, and shall thenceforth cease to have any force or eti'ecl within our said island.
.')'i. And we do rei|nire and eri|oi!i jori to Iraiisinit lo the chief juds;e of the supreme court of jiidic.itiire of the said island,
tn he enrolled In Ihe said c oirl, a transcript, duly aulhenlicated in the manner before-iiic ntioned, of every ordinance lo be
|i'j>sed by yon, wilh the advice and corrseiil of the said legislative cnrincil, loKclher with a cerlilicate under your band ami
Mill of the etl'ect ■ f eveiy order whicli yorr may receive from ns for conlirinirji; or di~alloniria in the whole or in part, or for
arnendini! the inovisions of any such oidirrance, which crrtiticites shall in like manner be eniolled in the said court, and
lliere remain on record, tn the intent that the judges of Ihe said court may, without further or other proof, lake coiini/ance
Ml all oidliiances to be made and priimril>!ated for the peace, Kood order, and Government of the said island: Provided
aluays and we do hereby declare, that ilie jirdiies of the said courl have not and shall not have any ii<;ht or authority lo
pri'teirt or delay the enr< ..nent of any snch ordinance, and that the validity thereof doth not and sliail not depend upon such
cuniliiienl.
33. And we do further diclare our plea-iire to ho, that in the month of Janirary, or at the earliest practicable period at
the ciiuinrencement of each year, yon do cause a coiirplele col led ion to be piibli sired for 'general infoinratniii of all otdiiiaii-
ces eirrolltd drrrinu the preci'diiiL' year. And we do paiticnlarly reipiire and din ct hat 'raii-cripts of all minnles and pro.
cpcdiniis of lire said leuislative council be regularly transmitted every six mouths without fail, for onr inforinalion, tlirougli
one of our principal secretaries of state.
:it. And we do fnitlnr diiect, that all ordinances to be made by yon, with the advice of the said Iciislaiive council, he
(lisliiriiuishid by titles, and that the ordinances of each year be also distiniiniihed by nnuierical marks, cormiicnciini 'Hi each
siiccr'ssive year with number one, and proceediiiL' in ariihiretical piouression to the niiinber correspondirni with the total
tiuiiilier of ordinances tnai led drrriii!; the year ; and that every such ordinance be divided into snccessixe clauses or |iaia-
liraiihs, distinitiiislnd in like inanmr by numerical nrarks, arrd that to every such clause be annexed in lire nraruin a slroit
suuinniry ofits contents ; and yon are to observe that subjrets wlliclrlla^e no proper lelalion to each other, be not comprised
in one and the s'Jine ordinance ; and that no enactnreiils be iniroiliiced into aii> such ordinance which may be foiei:.'ii lo its
professed sco|ie ami object; and that no perpetual clairse be part of any lempoiaiy onlinain e ; and that no law or ordinance
be srrspeiided, alteied, conliiiiied, revrsed, or lepealeil by <;eueral W'ird~, but that Ihe title and dale of e\ery snch l.iw or
iiiillnance be paiticnlarly mentioned and expressed in the ordinance suspendiiii;, aKciinu, continuing, revising, or repealiii'j
the siiine.
■iri. And we do direct Ural no law shall by yon be proposed t" the said IcL'i^lalive corrneil or enacted bv ilreiii, nirless the
ilnttf of Ihe same shall lirst have been piiblislnd in the (iaxelte of onr said island, or othersvise made publicly known for at
li'list three weeks next befoie the enaclment thereof.
:)il. And whereas by orri said letters pateiii wi' ha\p, as hefoie mentioned, si'jnilled our pleasure lo be, that there slionid
liewiiliin our said i-larrd a conncil, to be i ailed the I'.xecrrlive (onrKll hereof, arrd to be c n>liti:led in srrch manner as we
should by these our instructions diiect; Now vie do direct and (lecla]e ihal the said executive council shall consist of ihe
■t'veial persons follow irrg ; lhal is to say, llie senior oiljeei in niiirniand of our laird forces irr Ihe said rslarid, and trot beius
in the ailministralioii of the governiin n tlierenf; thi cnlonial ecielary I'm Ihe time lieiiiu ; the Kiiii^'s advocate for the
tune licin'4 ; the colonial treasuier for the lime heinjj ; and the s;oieiiiment a'icnt for the Crntial Province for the time
liriiis.
117. And we do hereby direct and reiprire, thai in the execiiliori of the powers and authorities comniitled lo yon by yonr
saiil conmiission, yon do in all cases consult wiili the said exi ciiiive coiii.cil, (xceptiii'^ only when the matleis to be decided
^ll:lll he too uirimpoitaiit to leipiiic their advice, or too nriieni to admit of such advice beiifj uiveii by the time wilhirr which
il may he necessary fi>r you to act in lespect ol any such matters ; provided that in all siieli iiment cases yon do si.bseiiuenily
uiiil ar lire earliest practicable period conimiinicale to the said executive conntil the iiieasiiie» which you may so have adopted
wiih Ihe reasoirs thereof.
.'M. And we do authorize and iei|iiire the said members of the said exrcntive coiiin il to meet in obeilif ncc to any snin-
nr-irjcs which shall by you for lhal purpose be aililres-ed to Ihein, and to consult wiili and advise you upon any i|uestiiin con-
meted with the executive uovernment of our said island, which may by yon be proposiii for ilieir coiislderalion : provided
imvay« thai two of such inembeis at the bast be always piesent on any snch occa-ioli. and that distinct minutes be kept of
tlieir ileliheiations and prnccediiiits, wiiieh niinnlis it shall be the duty oi the said coloiii:il secretary, or his assistaiil, to
keep. And we do reipiire yon to transmit to ns, twice at least in each year, through one of onr principal secretaries of state,
lull and exact copies of al! such minutes.
:w. And we do author 1/e yon in yonr discrei ion, and if il shall in any case appear riitht so tod", to act in the exercise of the
poHer eoririnilted lo yon by yonr saiil commission, ill ii|ip siiion lo the advice which iiii.y in any such case be uivrii to yon by
the nieinbers of yonr said eNccntive council ; piovided nevetthele-s that, in any such case, you do fully repoit to us, by the
tiist ninvenieiil opportunity, every such |>riiceedin: with the uionnds and reasons thereof.
\:.-'i
Ml
i
M
m%l:A
Mil
t rl ii
f: '
i
w\
173
Al'l'KNDIX IV.— ASIA.
•in. And whcrons wc have by our said rninmission privonto ynu full pnwornnd aiitlinrlty In onr nnme and in onr Ui:
half, hill -diliJiM't mncrllifli'ss tn >n\vh iirnvisimis iis arc in this rrspi'ct rdiitiini'il in yiiiir crnoriil instrni'tidiis, to nnkc
mid i"\ci'iili> in iiiir miuiic, and under tlu' imbiir ^fM nl our Miid island, trraiits of waslv; lands to iis In loiiMrint; wltliin liio
same, to inivali" piMsohs, or for the imlilir iisim oI onr snlijtvts IIhmo u'sident : Nuw wi' do lu'ri'liy rt'i|nito and antlioii/c
yon, tfom tiini- to linn' as occasion may rciinirc, to cause nil necessary surveys to he made of flic vacant or wa-te lanls
to lis hclonjiiiii; ill onr said island, and to cause llio |i rstnis imikinir sncli surveys to ropnit to ynu what particular lands
it may he primer to reserve lor pnlilic loads, or other inieriial coiiiiniinieations hy land or water, or as tho sites of towns,
villa^'cs, cliiirclies, sclinol house-, or parscn^airc honsrs, or as places for tlic h'lrial of the dead, or as places for the tntnro
exiension ol any cxi^tinir towns or villai;es, or as places tit to he set apart for tlu; recreation or amusement of tin- inha.
Infants of any town m' villai;o, or for prnniotiii); the Health of such inhahitants, or as the situs of i|iiuys or landing; pl.ic i
or to>viiiu;-patlis, which ii may at any future time he cxipcdient to erect, form, or estahllsh on the sea coast, or in the
neiirhhonrhood of iiaviR hie streams, or us places which it may he dcsirahle to reserve lor any other purpose of [niblic
coiivenieiice. ntility, health or enjoy meiit ; and yon aie specially to rc,|iiirc persons maUinu; such surveys lo specily iji
their reporis, anil to disiiii^^nish in the charts or maps to lie thereunto annexed, such tracts, pieces, or parcels of Imul
wit hi II (Mir s lid island as may appear lo '.iiein hesl ailapled to answer and promote the several purposes lief' ire meiitioncd.
And it is I'lir will, and wc do striclly enjoin and reipiire you, that yon do not on any pretence wliat.-oever traiit, coti.
vey, or demise lo any person or persons any of the hmds which may he so spccilied as tit to he reaerved as aforesaid, nor
permit or sutrVr any sn. li lands to he occupied liy any private person for any private imrposc.
II. And wc d 1 fint'.ict ch.irne ami require yon not lo make any i^rant of land to or intrust for or for flie use of any
private pei^oii, by any one instrnmi nt, i.i by successive iiiblrumeuts, exceeding lUU acres in the whole, without our
ispccial iiermission for that purpose lir-t ohlalned.
4.'. And whereas in and by yonr saiil coinmi>siiin we have pranfed unto you |K)wer and nnthorlty, in onr name and
in onr hehall, to i;iant to any peisun convicted of any crime in any of the tribunals in onr said island an absuUite or
condiljiuial paidoii : Now we do eiipiin and require yon, in every case where you shall be applied to for any such pur.
don, ami in every Ciise v.h.itevcr in wliiidi sentence of death shall have been passed, to obtain from the jiidije who pre-
sided at tlie tr.al of any siicli olVi'mhr, a report In writintr of the priicceiliiifts upon any such trial, and of the eviduice
then adiliu'cd, and ol the (ipinion of ;iiicli jiidj;e whether tlie conviction of any siicli offender was obtained in due coiir-o
of law, and whether any reason exists f,'r the total or partial rcini-sion or commntalion of any such sentence. And »o
do strictly coiiimaiid that you d i not upon any occasion permit any such kind of punishment to be inllicted as can in nii
case be iiillicliil hy the law of Kiiffland, and that von do not remit any line or torlcilure aliove the value of .10/. .sterliiik',
wiihoiit previously si;;iiifyiii;r to iis Ihe nature of the oftVnce committed and the amount of the proiiosed remission, ami
receiving onr directions thereupon -, but in the meanwhile it shall he lawful for you to suspend the payment of such line
or foifednrc.
III. It beins: lur intention that all persons inhabilini; our Island under your Kovernment should have full liberty m
conscience, and Ihe free exercise ol all such moues ol relisiions worship as arc not prohibited by law, we do hereby re-
<liiire 5 on to permit all persons within our said island to have such lilicrly, and lo exercise such modes of reliirioiiswnr-
ship as are not inohibited by law, provided llicy he contented with a (luiet and peaceable enjoyment of the same, not
(fiviiiK offence or scandal to the j;overiinieiit.
11. It is our liittlier «ill and pleasure that you recommend iiroper measures for erecting and maintainini; schools in
order to the Irainimj up ol jimth to reading:, ami to a necessary knowledtte of the principles of religion. You are nut
Ixnvcver to prn|,ise or absent to any ordinance respectiiifr reliKi(Ui, without a clause siispendinK its operation until nor
l.leasnre shall have been siirniiied therenpon, unless a dralt thereof shall have been previously transmitted by )ou for
our consideralioii and approval.
■4.1. .\nd whereas we have hy our said commission autlintizcd yon, upon sufticient cause to you appearing, to suspend
from the exerei-e ol Ins oilice witbUv ovu said i land, any person exemsin;; the same under and by virtue of any coin,
mission or wauant t;ranted or to he planted by us, in our name or under our authority, and we have by the said eniii.
mission sti icily ri(,uiied and enjoined you, in pniceediii)! lo any such suspension, to observe the directions in that hclmll
Kiven to you in and hy your general instruciions: Now we do cliarKC and n quire you that, before proceeding !o any
Mich suspension, ymi do consult with the said executive council, and that you do signify, by a statement in writing to
the person so to be suspended, the grounds of such yonr intended proceeding against him, and that you do call upon any
such person to communieale to you in writing a statement of the grounds upon which and the evidence by which he iiiiiy
be desirous to exculpate himself, and that you transmit both ot the said statements to us, thruugli one of our principal
Hceraarics of stale, hy the earliest conveyance.
•tO. Anil we do lierehy direct and instruct you. that all commissions and appointments to be granted by you to any
p?rsoii or persons lor exercising any otllee or employment in or concerning the said island he granted during pleasiiro
tiiily, anil that whenever you shall appoint to any vacant ollicc or emidoyment any person not by i.s especially directed
to he apiioiiited thcrelo, you shall at the same lime expressly apprize such person that such appointment is to be con-
sidered only as temporary and provisional, until our allowance or disallowance thereof be signitied.
47. And wbcicas great prejudice may happen lo mir service and to the security of the said island, by the absence of
the governor, yuii shall not, upon any ineteiiec whatever, (piit the said island without having first obtained leave from us
for so doing under our sign manual and signet, or tlirough one of our principal secretaries of state.
.'{ F.— PECULIAR OFFICES AMONG THE CEYLONESE.
The Singalesc Imvp certnin establisheil national laws or old customs, according to which most things are
dotcriuinod, wlurc the will of thi- kins; doos not intcrpo.se to make any alterntion. The children inlicrit the
landed property, which does not desetnd exclusively to the eldest son ; but where the right of pritnogeiiitiiro
is allowed, the individual is nbli^ed to support the mother and children. No inan may marry a woman who
has run awr.y from her husband until tlie hushand has married another woman. The children of a I'rc.'inaii
by a mother who is a slave, are born slaves, but the children of a slave by a free woman are free. A thiol'
who eamnit make a sevenlbld restitution becomes a slave. Old people who run in debt barter their children
for the amount, or pawn them as a security for the payment.
In a part of Valentyn's work, entitled " Extract uyt ile Consideraticn van de Hcer van Rhcede over Ceylon,"
dated in the year 1("p77, it is said that a ganima, or village, is composed of several hamlets ; a pattii, or dis-
trict, of several villages ; a corle, or county, of several pattus ; and a dessaveny, or province, of several
corlfcs. — Hist. Ceylon, 3L'i, n.
A <•()(■((/(/ is the overseer or president of a corle or county, who has two, three or four attacoraals umicr
him, according to the size of the corle and the number of pattus into which it is divided. He has more-
over from SIX to eight lascaryns, pamideas, or messengers, subject to his orders. The attacoraals are to see
that these orders are punctually executed.
Luridcuiunnu, or the majoraals, may be denominated the bailitfs of a village. They vary from one or two
to six or mn
to the paymi
time, and to
is their duty
his stool cov
t.iiinno is
all the prodii
Cdn'iaurm
to he (lone.
Miiniiiina i
grain, which
that was due
(•(imheiriiji
goes from li;
Hnithlrs ex
Ciidlii's, poi
race of the vt
among the ve
A. — Skxiiai,
Dikmen's L
Since the ye
10,000 were fe
rcnsiis of ]«.■?()
number of per^
rriiiisported to
hition of the co
the same in bo
try districts.
In the Towns <
Agricultural J
Distiicts. \
Free on the S
Settlements,
Convicts at Pi
nients, on I
&c.
Tott
In 183C the fi
convicts. In 18;
were expirees,
faiits; of this nil
been prisoners ol
• Several docu
South Wales. — [
APPENDIX V.-Al STRAI,-AS(A.
178
to six or inorp, ncconling to the size, culture nnil population of the villn^o. It is their husiness to attend
to tlu! |)ayment of the annual imposts, to see that the land is sowed and the harvest ^ot in at the proper
tinie, and to render a good aecount to the lord or proprietor of the soil. When the lotd visits the village it
is their duty to see that proper apartments are prepared for him, that they are hung with white calico, and
his stool covered with the same. They are also to attend to the supply of Ids food during his stay.
l.Kinno is the jame as clerk or scribe of the village, who keeps an account, which he gives to the lord, of
all the products and dues thereof.
Ciin'iivicmf is an officer who musters the people of the village and calls them together when any work is
to he (lone.
MiiiKiima is a measurer of grain ; when the harvest has heen got in it is his husiness to measure out that
grain, which is a common stock, to the different proprietors. He was also particularly to measure the corn
that was due as an impost to the king.
(ianihi'iri'jii a village Inscaryn, who at the orders of the Kadan of the village calls the people together, and
goes from n.Mise to house to announce on what day they are to meet.
Hnindfs execute the work that is to he done in a village, and work hy turns for the king or the proprietor.
('()((/(«'.«, porters of all kinds of burdens and hearers of the palantiuins. These coolies are of the cast or
race of the vellalas, who sprang up in the time of the I'ortuguese. Ikfore their time there were no coolies
among the vellalas, but only among the iiderior castes.
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.*
A. — SF.xrAi. Puopohtion of the Freh and Convict Popfi.ATiox in Nkw Soith Walks and Vam
Dikmen's Lanh. — [From the Report of the House of Commons rransportation Committee in |H;i8.]
Since the year 179.'J, 74,200 convicts have been transported to New South Wales, of whom not more than
10,000 were females ; from 182.') to l83f'i there have been 4.'>,029 immigrants into that colony; yet by the
census of IH.'Jfi its |)opuliition did no": exceed 77,0',)(), not more, proliably much less, than three-lifths of the
number of persons that have landed at Port Jackson during the last half-century. The nuiubiT of convicts
transported to Van Diemen's Land since 1S17, have bten 27,7.'>9, of whom 2,1)7 < were women. Tiie popu-
liition of the colony in Ih;M was 40,281!, of whom 11,482 were women. The disproportion of sexes is about
the same in both penal colonies ; it exists chietly amongst the convicts, and is most remarkable in the coun-
try districts.
New South Wales.
Censu" 1836.
Van Piemen's Land.
Census 1834.
j Men. ' Women.' Proportion. Men. Women.
In the Towns -
Agricultural
Districts.
Free on the
Settlements
Convicts at
ments, on
Free -
Convict
Free -
Convict
Sea, at Penal
, &c.
Penal Settlc-
Road-parties,
Total -
12443
.'')210
icon
1G3(J1
1231'
3C83
i.iyn
'.1441)
902
40
79
5.'>539i 21557
4 :3
3i:l
51:3
17 :1
7.M",l
4(;88
52C7
0914
1059
3312
I
.'.N94
1218
3170
485
364
301
2i:l 28801 I 11482
Proportion.!
7
3
5
17
:5
5-6:1
:3
:1
f Horbart Town
■I. and
I [ Launceston.
Military at penal
settlements.
2^:1
In 1836 the free population of New South Wales amounted to 49,255, of whom about 17,000 had been
convicts. In 1834 the free population of Van Diemen's Land did not exceed 23,315, of whom about 3,000
were expirees. In 1836, Sydney covered an area of about 2,000 acres, and contained about 20,000 inhabi-
tants ; of this number 3,500 were convicts, most of them in assigned service, and about 7,000 had probably
been prisoners of the crown.
Irom one or two ^ • Several documents appear in this Appendix which I received too late to print in the Chapter on New
South Wales.— [R. M. M.J
iii'
174 APPr.NDIX V. — VUSTRAI,.ASIA.
II.— (iflUTuI .Sialciii -nt I .'•III' liilialiiliiiitii in His Mjii-iiv'" Si'llli"ni-iil oii ihc l\a<ti'tii CiiimI of New South \\■,\\r^,
l»l Mauli ISI1».— [IMil. I'liiuis Ihli.J
.SkIiiov .
I>aiiiiiintta
llunki-!>l>iiry
Ncncasllv
Total .
Civil
|)('|iait.
iiii'iil
VIC-
liiallcil.
Military
l)i|..:'>iiii'ni
viciimlli'il.
e
a
s
31
«
N
1
II ..
l" .
"
1
:i 12811
Si;
•t!>\
a
e
c
Vll.l
U
•i
I'l CI"
I*CI.»CIII»
vlt'tiialli'il.
PrlAiiiiiTM
vicliialii'd
Iriiiii ilir
'iililii' .Sdiri'H.
:i nifil 2111
:iiiii
411
414
d
b
s
'1
T.
t '
Ill
I'l
2
47
134
1.)
.11);
ih:<
f 2
I
I -<
211
n'
711
,1
111
3
IIIK
14
1
71)21
24a
31
4(1
«;i|
N'MinhiT of
(lilli'init
Kaiiiiiis.
' 4 ^
'. * 3
Iff
Priiplr
lliil viiiiiallcci
II mil III)'
I'liblic Sliirrn,
Vil (.Ili I.M
•5 ' »e! -5,
■i24.'>'42H|:iri(r
;i7ri-iii ION
21(1 '^4 12.1
72 IU| 7
h;i:iii2
2:1 t.'iS
•71 ,INi
.'>, lull
S
4>
s
B
9!
^
IWtl
IKtil
.'iHl
2!IH
1012
:ioii
Ni'iilfm
nut
vil liialli'il
I'l mil till-
Holillc
SIOKH.
t - C5
,i« lil-
ies !Hi«';
1S7
.'1:111 40; I <Wl 4.10
107
1114
4ili
111.11!
Ihii7
'^M!|
llIU
'2110 Ij AIM '.Vl-I ia.1 4277 IIMItl 1014 IIMS,;I.1|'22: 7a7 IIII.V2
nation uoiler iMiir ; — Svvi-ii ininndii ol lU'cf, m fnor iinunila of I'ork. Klrvvn and a half iioiinilii m' Wliial. .six oiiiin's uf
.Siiiim ; or In liiii ilirri'ot', one |imiiiil ot' Wlnat.
Sjilnry, .10 .\|iiil ISIO. (nhiiiil) /,. Mnniiinrrii; <iov. In i lili'f, N. S. W.ili-..
At Nori'olk Islailil: -( ivil nf|r.irtiMi'iit Nicliialli'il — I I»i'|iiily I'r.'Vdt M;i'«hal; 1 As^i^taill Siir^roii ; 1 lliarli M;i.|ir ;
a Siiin'riiiti'iiilinls ami .sI(iii'Im'i'|ii'I> ; I'lilal nl' tlir Ciul l)<'|i:iitiiii'iil \ Irni.illnl, il. Military l)i'|ia.tiiu'iit % iilii.ill, il -
I l.iriili'iiant ; I .Si'ijiaiii'- ami I'luimial^ : i lliiiiiiiiii'r> ami l'iri'i<. ; -in I'llvali".; 7 Wniiiin ; A l liililirii almii' luu \i :ii> ;
Total of llir Militai) hrjiartmriit vli-tiiallril. 17. I'm' r'i'i>oii>. \ uiiialli il— ill Mrn : IH \\ 'ii : til I'liililii'ii almvi' nm
\i'ai> of aiti' ; a Ofjilia'is ; Intal iiuiii'u'r of I'li'i' ri'isms \iriiialliil, (H, IMIsiiinr^ viriii.illril limn ilii- I'liHIir .SI ir. -i:,
Mi-ii : I Wmnaii. 'I'mal niiinhiT of I'liMOnis \ irlMallnl. 2(1. Nmiiiui nl Itaii'Hi — l:iii at lull; 'Jli at Itvo-tliiiih ; 21 al llali;
Total niitnliiT of lull K.illmi'., I'm. Tolal niiiiilii'r i>l l'll^oll> Nuinalliil fimii liir .Sim >, 117. Toial iiiiiiilirr of Soiilx in ilu'
.Si'lllt'ini'iit, 177. NVi'i'kS I'l oM.<'liii.s III till' l';ililii' ,S. oil's ' lli'i'l anil I'mk, 114 ; Wlii'jl, .Mai/ranil liici', ami Siijar a» IMirat..li).
al .Maicli ISKi.
C. — List of Causes tried, aniuiint of Money siieil for, ami nmoiint of Venlicts recovered in the Courts of
Civil Judicature lieid nt Sydney, in the territory of New South Wales. — [Piirl. Papers, 18ia.]
i
Nuinlicr
AinoiiMt
Aniouiit
c
of
of
of
.'Xnioiiiit
•- When assembled.
When adjourned.
Causes
Miiiu'v
Venlicts
til'
Tried.
sued for.
recovered.
C'o.sts.
i
L".
£.
L'.
I Match i;i, IHlo .
April (■>, islil
1H7
(Vl-J-Jl
.'itWC)
■M\
2 Aui^'ust i;i, IMIO .
October il, l.^^lll
;u;j
;n.-.u'.)
•2WM
li-jC)
.{ January 11, is 10 .
I'Vhruary .'1, isi 1
1SL>
\-223<J
,^2yf.
:i'i4
•1 April 1, ISll
April M), IHll
i,xi
2")7'.)t*>
5f,;t4
M2
,^ Julv I, IHll
July ao, isll
Total . . .
N.-)
•147s;«
lU'fUII
L';o
lODH
lH4r)7ll
.')01'J7
juir,
Judge Advocate's Office, Sydney, I'.l October 1811.
Ellin Unit, Judge Advocati
1). — Statement of the l.aml in Cultivation, .'vc. ; the Quantities of Stock, Jte. as accounted for nt the (Icinnil
Muster in His Mnjcsty's Colony of New South Wales; between the 1st and 2Jd Kebruary Isid.—
[I'nrl. I'apers, isU.'j
Number of Acres in
To uiioni lii-liiOKiiig.
1^1
'To the Crown. .
To M'ttlfiK, like, at Sydney and .. j 47U
its vicinity. |
To Hetilers, &t. at I'arra-j.. 12t<5
iiiatia and its vicinity. j i
To seulcri', &c. at llawkrn 4SlWi|IO
liury and iu vlciniiy. I
s
a; .0 &•
33.1
..'4 I 77j
• 1:: 23J
Tolal
i*33lM lul.. *)
.2- I 5
s ' —
I J -MO
1)264
7 i232i
1311}^ 10) 74l]i
3i
2110 j) 2o!MPi 2430
47041 3(1020 j
32I4J 18338^'
1271)41
71.108}
42(127
■2870H1
!I3(>:I7
llorteii. Horned Cattle
* u.
.18 22
Ml 143
1521 201
lUOj 227
.V2l| M)3
Sliri'li.
'3
03
= k
c
u
IH 1(173
uy(i78
71) 1IK)I
I
32 100(1
luaiKi.'ii
ISIH
Ml
12(13
700
1732
c
u
!S
s
■J.
211
;>!i
I2,il
•iU-i
(I3'i«
ioKi;i
21131
»m
loiin, ■iWf
'To »li
To the Clown
I'll st'tlliTs, \c.
iiily.
I'll M'ttli'm, i"kc.
vicinity.
I'll M'ttlrrs, itc.
viiiiiity.
Sydney, 31 st
To iiiilividiiali
lliOM's - Mall', a
Ti'inair, 7:1. Ill'
iiiulli'il l>y (iovi'ii
victs, ti vlctn.illi
K. — A ret tin
h.'IT ; speciiyi
In I7'.i;f, »ii7
17.".; 1«I0, 1:
S;H; lHO|), 811
ISL'S, i.iici ;
KiCi, l,l'()2; 1
'.— .\ii ncciiiin
Pi'lH'iideticics
siiu'i' the yea
picsciited to 1
1
r/J
s
1 ^
M
C
>"
5?
I7W
:?
17;)'.)
iNOd
INOl
n
1 sn-2
1 so;t
1
1804
180.-,
:\
IstKi
1
|M()7
l.S|)8
3
NO!)
I
IMIII
4
1811
The Bills
iiith WalM,
SlIlllTH
X
vii'tiialli'il
.=
I'liiiii ihi'
''
I'llllllC
J
.Stortn.
J>
9
^ ,
.; = T
z -
= '• it:
a - 1 ■•«
'' a
= '.\3- ~
.^ -^
a^islH*-;
,- )0
iw; ti! In;
iil.ili
is;
7; IIM
I^M7
4.10
til 4iti
•iW!l
.,
•■
lull
71.1
•ill 7;i7 iiii.vi
i-at. .six ounce* "f
Iff, N. S. W.il.-.
; I lli'iirll MiivliT;
iiii'llt \ itiii.iilil -
II alimr twii >r;ti<. ;
IlildlOII illlnvi' t»i>
' I'lllllll- SI U'« '.'j
1111111.": -il 111 Hall;
ihci <>l SkiiK in ihc
■injur ax \Mic':il,.<ii.
Miiieli l»*lii.
1 the Courts of
IS, IHll'.]
.Ximiiiiit
i "f
I. I Cd.sts.
L.
.-ill
(IJC)
•MA
L'7i>
I :!iih'i
id};i' Advointi'.
at the (Innnil
iliniary l.'^in.—
mill'
Slii'i'li.
' i 1
IHIH
\M
Ij-ilKI
7UU
I7;w
•ill in
l'i.il Wi
(i3'inj ioi**'i
•i!»,'ilj f'WS
III,- III. 'i'Wl'''
AIM'KNniX v.— MISTUAI.ASIA.
Stntcnii'iit of Laiitl nint .Slcrk, Ikc—ritiiliiiiifd,
m
To ivlioin lii'|nn)!iiig
(iiialit.
il0||l.
^ —
■a
I
■i3 iM) .tr; lud 'iii'i;
I'.i tin- Cinwil
I'd «illliT>, .\t-. iit .S>(liii) ami lis vici
iiiiy.
|-,> HilliTS, &I-. Ill I'airaiiialla ami U» KM) 4-JII la.in KiNI Ullll
vicliiiiy. I I I I
r(isi'lll<'rii,&c. at llawki-Hliiiiy uiMlitf' 'iMOj 7 17 'iX.VS ■iii.'ill IfillK
viiiiiity. : 'I
Total
Syilnt-y, .lint tpril, IHlo.
4)1!) i-i(i:i 17(1.' i'i:iii -iiUKiii la.'i
I
■s
WliclliiT Vlctimllfil or iioi VIciiialli'ii |iy !
r%
tioM'lllllll'llt.
a
e
i
l'ro|irli>tor.
Wiri-. t'hililriii CoiiviiMa |
a
R
1 1
;■»
W
3
i
•0
xi
'<_ .a
JS
=3
M
^i.
3
a
-5
9
a
i
ictu
ot.
ictn
i^l
i II
2
aa
.ii«»
>
>!
> ' y. ^ >
y. 1 >
— —
•it" :)a
■^. ^.Z
H
•i;«
•io
A
Vl5 "11
AM (» Ulll
•i4
■il
iHa -ia
i.'.a 41
■iH7 II)
IM I'iH hill
lOII
ail
■m I'i
alt) H7
1
•mi 3H
•iir 'un -iuai
!
1:1:1
HO
7 if)
III
,MM
HI
II -i'i HH
4:itl 4K7
:uiin
(siuin'ii;
iV. (', O. Ciinnrl, l.ivii(.>(inviTiior.
I'd MiiliVMliialH ut Niiitolk MamI, al Mari-li HID.— Mai^r 171^ ani's; I'allow I7'i); ra<tiiii-, -il-i ; Total lii-lil, .l.tll^.
IJiirM-s— Mali', a-, I'l'iiiali', 7. Ilminil t'allii' -lliili«, -is ; t' .«-, -ill. Slii'c'ii- \|.il", lid; I'l'iiialr, -i.o/a. tioals Malr, :i.'> ;
I. mail', 7:1. lli'iv-'Mali', ll.-iii ; I'liiialc, -i-i'i. Wliral in lianil. iw.t. Mai/i' in liami, I,il'i7. Wliriln r iicliialli'il, or iinl vir
iiiallnl liy liovt'iiiiii> III -l'tu|iiii'ioi, aii \iolualliil, ■'i iiol ; WiiV, 17 virliialli d, 'i mil ; Cliililrt'ii. -il vliiiialU'tl, 17 not ; Cm-
vli'l>, i> victiialli (I, I iiol.
I''. — A return of llu' No. of i-oiivifts sent out to thi' colony of New South Wales, from the year 171)11 to
\<'u ; specifviiis; the vi'iir, and the iiiiiiilnr in eni'li yr.ir : —
111 17'.).t, 4i'.7 ; 17'.».">, LM:f ; I 7;m;, i;).>< ; 17'.)'.!, I'.li'.- IHiii, ;i 1 1 ; IHOJ, ;t")'.» ; l.'^ii:., liW, ; 1HI)7, 77; Isoii,
17.1; IHIO, I7'.»; iHlL'.ril; 18i:'.,:U7; IHII, -Jli.) ; lHi:),:ii:f; Isir,, l.-.O; ISI7, 7(i«; IHlH.Cll ; lH\'J,
sT-*; IKL>(1, Hi)4 : 18JI. 7.''>(l ; \>^T2, 77H ; lHi>3, T)!/; IHJl, Hi;,; IHj:., HlC; Is-jl!, <)'J7 ; IML'7, l,l-Jl;
IS.'M, l,-jr,|; IH-J!), '.IDS; ISiiO, ■;i7l ; IHMl, 1 /tHit ; iHiiJ, H>j:\ ; IHX.^, [I'M) ; IH.'M, l,|,"i(); Is;!.'), 1,1'Jl;
l-:ii;, 1,-JI)2; 1h:!7, l,:t;!;<.— [I'arl. Papers, iHlis.J
1''.— .\ii arcoiint of the Aiinunl I'-xpinse of tin- Trans|)oi'talii)ii of Convirts to New South Wales and its
l\'|ieii(leiicies, and the Total .\niuial l''.\priise of tliose Sittli-ineiits, as lar as the siiine tan In- made out,
siiii-f the year 1 7'.'7, net'ordiii!; to the foiin of .\ppendix to the I'eport of the Coiniiiitlee of l-'inaiu-e
presented to that House, JCdli June, 17HH. — [I'arl. Tapers, 18I2.J
Si-
ictuall
icts and
It from
lothiug,
undry
'? 't;
cj 5
-S «•
^ > 0, <u
CJ •" -J
;j 'ii <a 3 —
>- S
I.
Expense of
sportarion
vict
Expense of
iiig the Con
the Settloiii
heiic
C C n
1^
Bills drawi
Governors,
sioners, &c
visions, ice.
at the Trtas
sundry sii a
Expense
Establish
£
f
£
£
£
I7!m
:!s<.».^!»
1 Jo:i."
■iCi.'t;)
2r.;)3C,
r.1.^7
I7'.t;t
7C.7I
Ci.-.CH
—
4a.-.;ir.
f.Olf.
|SI)(I
8-j7(;
i:is;u
9;tc.»
.'i2;i'.lO
(;;ioy
|si)i
Cl-JCd
121 •-'.■.
7IS7
I72(;7
7IIC>
1 s()-2
ir.ii
<JX21-2
io7M(;
182:!'.)
.'■.!)08
1.1 ');t
l.^'.M;-.
KWioy
i;»7'.(()
4:t:ti2
'.1124
IK04
•>u\
—
—
l<)Ci04
IIIOI'.)
1 HO.-.
;ioi'.»<;
y.'iio
201 IC.
;<2;»8;{
722:)
IHOC.
i:i.'..ss
.SC.7HI
(■..".OI
I42".M)
1281!)
|x()7
7I.'-..'-.
21772
1I.-.04
;<i I'.ni
127(t.-.
1.><0H
:{-j-j7i
.S.'-)M7')
—
2r.OI2
1 1 1 (•..'■.
1H0!»
iityric.
11 'IIM)
—
4'.)Ci2!)
i.-.i:m
IMJII
4(t7C.r,
iHi.-w;
I'.)C.7
72rioo
1 22(')8
IHll
,^>ti;i7
r.r.114
20078
*2i8s;i
i:«;io8
Military
ment.
Expense of Marine
Establishment.
Expense of
Establish
TOT A 1,.
£.
£
£
1!)72.')
.■|();<2
iiir.14
KWHl
—
80274
1 8'.) ■).•}
1107
1102:i.-|
20.')7'i
—
i2ri.M;:«
1 '.»■>'.( 1
—
iiyiio
lf.222
1 11'.)
iu;;{<)i
l.'^i;t8r)
12!! 2
Kir. 18
i.'-..'?8:i
■M; 10
11 81. '•.7
l'.)'.»82
I2;i2
10.'-. IDS
aOlW'i.'i
12:! 2
1 It).^:f2
2". 101
20.'-.8
1:1 1484
2C.;«7(;
12:12
r242:<o
2ri;t.-.7
I2;t2
172H2S
2i:ii2
:)44H
I4:t78;j
• The Bills included in this column, are those drawn in each year, and the last sum tlocs not in-
clutle any Hills drawn subsequent to the 1 1th March, 1811.
(
.■ 'f I
9
Sit
]■ i n
!l
11
\ir,
APPr.NniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
G. — A return of thi; No. of Convict' -"•^imlly sent
from Great Dritniii to New South ^'' .^s an.i v^nn l)ic-
mcn's Lund, in rnch year since t .<,• eommenccment of
the Colony— [Pari. Papers, 1H;{8.J
News.
Wales.
Van Diemcn's
Luna.
Years.
Total.
Males.
Femls.
Males.
Fcnils.
1787
184
100
__*
2H4
178'J
994
24.^-
—
—
1239
17'J1
2121
2H6
2407
i7'ja
314
54
—
368
1 7y;{
1
—
—
—
1
1794
35
59
—
—
94
179.'-)
1
131
—
—
13J
179f.
20(1
—
—
—
206
1797
313
67
—
—
:i«o
1798
395
—
—
—
395
1799
—
53
—
—
53
180U
503
90
—
—
593
1801
203
94
—
—
297
1802
543
i:iO
—
—
673
1803
494
136
—
—
630
ISO.'i
1
118
—
—
119
IHOfi
272
34
—
—
306
1807
189
113
—
—
302
1808
202
175
—
—
377
1809
200
62
—
—
262
1810
200
120
—
—
320
1811
400
99
—
—
499
1812
.100
167
—
—
567
1813
500
119
—
—
619
1814
HOO
232
—
—
1032
1815
f.93
101
—
—
791
18ir>
ll^C.
101
—
—
1287
1817
1040
101
4M0
—
1 62 1
1818
1912
128
469
—
2509
1819
1421
148
511
—
20S0
1820
172r,
121
873
—
2720
1821
946
171
1213
40
2370
1822
H56
57
618
40
1571
1823
491
119
910
97
1617
1824
1004
HI
864
79
2028
1825
602
59
502
150
1313
1826
844
H.S
506
73
1511
1827
1401
260
840
141
:i6l2
1828
1732
298
106S
17.!
3271
1829
2278
220
1328
197
4023
i830
1751
.337
1737
308
4133
1831
1005
250
1965
151
3971
1832
1 992
206
1782
249
4229
1833
2310
420
1576
245
4551
1834
2;(3(;
144
2 1 24
3 1 6
4920
1835
2146
298
1689
266
4399
183(i
2029
259
IHOO
185
4273
1837
1734
140
1930
264
4068
43500
6791
24785
2974
78056
The year 1804 is omitted in tiie official docu-
ment ; no prisoners were sent out that year. R. M.M.
II. — .\ Return so far ns has hern found priicticahlp,
of tlu' Nun\her and 'ronnaRe of Vessels einpli)\((l
hy trie Government in Transportitit; C'onviets u>
New South Wales and Van DIemen's Lund, in ii\c|i
Year since the commencement of tlie Colony, shuw-
ing the I'^xpenditure incurred so far as relates to
the Nuval iJepurtnient.— [I'arl. Papers, 183H.]
No. of
Total
Shi|)s
Tonnage.
Freight, Sec.
>"
Kngaged.
i'
1 786
nil
—
28,339
17H7
4
—
23779
1788
nil
—
7393
17H9
5
—
39588
1790
nil
—
8202
1791
11
—
47365
. *
1792
3
—
34233
1793
1
—
21410
1794
1
—
15362
1795
3
—
1 1909
1796
2
1100
l(;i56
1797
3
—
7702
.
1 798
4
21,53
389«9
1 799
2
1236
7671
IHOO
1
781
8276
1801
9
3457
6 1 260
IN 02
nil
—
1611
1803
2
1091'
15915
1H04
nil
—
246
■t
1M05
4 ■
1975
30196
1806
2
805
13588
1H07
1
455
7155
1808
5
1711
32i'l
IHO'J
1
627
1/95 6
isio
2
926
»II766
isll
3
1443
5637
1812
Tj
2568
29'M4
1813
5
2644
43.31
1814
7
8557
513..<2
1HI5
7
3514
39193
1816
9
4175
51474
1817
12
6:!2 1
81223
IHIM
18
1.232
111040
1819
17
9:159
119076
1820
23
I018I
123195
1821
17
80,S9
lOH ,5!
1H22
16
7355
86127
1823
15
7061
72004
1824
17
8396
81358
1 H25
15
6659
116211
lH26
16
7517
97 "59
1827
27
13004
14J715
1.^28
26
12069
13n;*?.1
1829
29
13135
I48.'*:i3
1830
30
12822
94662
18.il
27
12285
82 1 79
H32
29
12051
78(il7
1833
27
12221
67379
' „34
21
9214
68121
1835
25
11705
75335
18;i6
21
9406
73030
♦ Taken from the 28th Report of the Finance Com-
mittee, 1798, p. 121.
t Taken from the Appendix, No. 37, of Kqiort of
Select Committee on Transportation, I8l2.
(Kxtr
l.—Stfitfi o
273; in solita
23 ; monitres<
withdrawn, I.'
ditto under tw
The commit
convictions in
the suininury ci
ahcaily heen sti
:',:)61 (loggings,
The followin
L'Dgnizahle only
are jirosecuted
all lesser crimes
du not apjiear ii
l'i>|)ulati()n
Nuinher of
Convicted
Murder
Attempts to
Manslaught
Rape
Ciuiatural c
llighway-rol
Hurglary
Piracy and n
Misdemcano
Convicted <
witl
.\rson -
Forgery -
Cattle, horse,
Perjury
Larceny and 1
Sentences
Sentenced to
Kxecuted
Transported
Proportion of
lation was a
Proportion of
lence to the
The pro
The pro
APPENDIX v.— AtlSTIUL-ASrA.
177
. &c.
3 "J
1
VJ
n
H8
0-2
M
«
H3
10
1
l,-(2
::!
IK)
i4
,13
il7
!7'.)
i2l
!■(.'.
130
^f
rinanci Com-
7, of Report ol
1«1J.
(Kxtract from New Sotith Wnlrs Government fJa/etto of Wcdncsdny, 7th Septemtirr, ISSfi.)
I. — Stall' 1)/ the Fcmitli' Furtnnj, I'liritmntta, nn the '.id iliiif of Si^ili-mhrr, \K\C\. — Under roloiiinl sentence,
273; in solitary conHiieinent, ,") ; confined l)y order of the k(i'|>i'r, ; nursing cliildren, Iiik; old and intirni,
•l'.\ ; monitrrssos, servants, and eookn, l'2 ; in luispifal, '11 ; siciv in factory, H ; «Hsi);iied, wiiitiii); to be
withdrawn, I'>; ninnl)er assiKiialile, 111; total nuiiibtr of women, WM). t'liildren under one year, C8 ;
ditto under two years, 32 ; ditto under three years, 34 ; total numl)er of children, 134.
K.— CRIME IN NKW SOUTH WALKS.
(From tlie II. C. Select Committee on Transportation, in 183H.)
The committee have not been able to obtain any returns of any imiwrtaiit itli regard to summary
oonvietions in New South Wales. In \»'.\'>, the niiinhiT of convicts in that colony were about L'h.OOO, and
the summary convictions in the year were estiiniitiil to be about JJ,()()0. In one iiioiith in ln33, as has
already been stated, 1,'17 convicts were tloi;j;(Ml, and 'J,784 lahlies inllictod, which wiuld make for the whole,
L',;mV4 (lot,'i;inKs, and above Km.odd lashes inllicted.
Till' following tables refir to the amount of grave criuiis committed in the penal c.'.inies, and which are
ci);;iii'.id>le only before the Su|ireme Court and (Quarter Sessions. It should ln' remarked, that no convicts
are prosecuted by the Attorney-general in Van Diemeii's Land, except for crimes punishable with death; for
all lesser crimes they are tried sununarily before magistrates, so that generally otrenccs committed by convicts
do not appear in the returns of crime as published.
NEW
SOUTH
WALES.
1H2!).
1830.
1H31. ! 1832.
1H33.
i 1834.
i 1835.
1836.
Population ....
4143/
4(i27(;
51115 55954
1 6079
1 6622t
1
716621 77(11)6
Number of convicts -
• •
••
.. 1 ..
2451 ;
..
1
27H31
Convicted of otfences committed
!
with violence :
1
Murder ....
10
9
ir, 9
11
20
19
Attempts to ditto
4
2
11 , 9
11
16
17
Manslaughter
1
4
1
, ,
3
1
Kape .....
2
2
2
1
10
' •'■>
13
•
Unnatural crime -
, .
2
2
1
, ,
I 1
, ,
Highway-robbery and bush-ranging
33
24
28
30
58
111
H9
llurglary ....
29
25
29
16
22
29
25
Piracy and revolt ...
.'i
23
! 6
, ,
Misdemeanor and assault
r,
19
.38
56
58
1 78
87
Total -
90
87
ii^r.
151
170
275
251
Convicted of oft'cnccs committed
without violence :
Arson
2
2 2
, ,
1
2
Forgery
5
3
4 5
7
14
15
Cattle, horse, and sheep-stealing
14
18 '
17 27
15
62
07
Perjury ....
1
4 : 1
8
9
3
Larceny and receiving stolen goods
l.'i4
if, I
185 1 182
239
229
347
Total -
176
182
212 1 217
209
315
590
434
Grand total
2C6
2fi9
338 3C8
1
439
685
Sentences and Executions :
i
Sentenced to death -
r.9
44
82 , f.3
63
80
86
Executed ....
52
r.o
32 1 12
31
44
3«
Transported ....
118
125 1
lir, 1 148
1
171
317
398
Proportion of offenders to popu- "1
lation was as . . \ ,
1
1:157
i
l:171i
1
1:151 1:152
i
l:138i
I:112i
1:104}
Proportion of offenders with vio- 1
lence to those without was as J
1:2
l:2l-lo:
1
1
!
1:1 2-3
1:1 2-5
l:li
1:1 1-6
1:1 3-5
: ! . ;:
%
1 : ^
I.::: !t
ii;:i
The proportion of convicted offenders to population in England and Wales, is as 1:H50.
The proportion of crimes with violence to those without, is as 1:84.
171
AI'l'KNDlX v.— AIISTRAL-ASIA.
CRIME IN VAN UIF.MKN'S LAND.
IH •_".».
1830.
1N31.
1832.
1833.
1834.
1835. 1830.
I'lipiilntioii ....
L'oi'C.r)
2»r.04
2(JH30
29079,
34450
37399
(ojh;)
Convict ditto ....
••
••
•■
• •
••
15.^'»8
l(i9l'.Hi
Convicted of crimes ngninst the
person with violence :
Murder .....
3
10
• •
4
1
3
3
Cutting; with intent
, ,
Ci
2
18
10
10
c
I'iracy and mutiny
, .
. ,
7
3
, .
. .
. ,
C'urnnlly l<nowing
, ,
f,
2
3
, ,
• •
, ,
lU'stiality ....
. ,
2
, ,
, ,
1
, ,
, ,
Ilinliway robbery -
f,
8
2
•)
13
4
, ,
Hiishranging and absconding
:.
4
20
20
, ,
3
, ,
burglary ....
27
3H
f)
2r>
35
25
15
Assuidt and misdemeanor -
9
20
40
27
22
21
27
Total
50
94
79
103
82
r,r,
51
Convicted of offences against
property without violence :
Arson .....
, ,
1
, ,
I
, ,
, ,
, ,
Tfirgery ....
, ,
•>
:.
3
f.
14
(i
Cattle and horse stealing •
11
2
c.
4
18
\r,
14
Sheep stealing ...
17
1
10
12
20
14
I'erjury ....
I
2
2
1
, ,
, ,
I.iliel and contempt
• .
• •
, .
I
1
2
Kinbezzlement ...
. ,
3
(i
ir>
11
9
7
Fcliiny ....
IC
9
r.
3
19
14
23
Receiving stolen goods
10
11
23
12
20
39
41
Larceny and theft
H9
ll.-i
ir.o
142
192
28r,
99
Total -
113
mo
20H
194
2H0
3'.) 8
20f.
Orand total
l'.(3
•J44
2h7
297
3r.2
4(;4
257
Sentences and executions :
Sentenced to death -
40
M
31
82
88
78
51
Kxecuted ....
19
30
4
13
12
13
12
Transported . . . -
130
131
i:.9
171
213
238
151
Proportion of offences committed '
with violence to those without
1:3
l:li
l-.2i
1:2
l:3i
1:6
1:4
Proportion of offenders to popu-
lation -
i:ior.
i-.iooi
l:94i
1:98
1:95
1:81 i
l:15fi
L. — Table showing restdts of Criminal Prosecutions in New South Wales, and centesimal proportion of
Acquittals and Convictions, by Civil and Military .lories and Tribunal of Magistrates, taken from Ollitial
Ueturns, printed by Order of the Legislative Council of the Colony. — Supifnii' Cmirt, year HS.'i. ami .May
Sessions IKST): — by Military Juries, persons tried 217; ac(piittrd 77 ; convicted 110; acrpiittals ;i.".J |iii
cent; convictions (VU ditto — By Civil Juries : persons tried 34r>; icquitted UWi ; convicted IHO; i.i(|iiit-
tals 48 per cent ; convictions 52 ditto, Onirt.s uf Quarti-r Sfsxiim, ye.irs 1833 and 1834 : by Military Jiiii.s,
f)04 ; acquitted 222; convicted 382; ocquittals 37 percent; convictions <'.3 ditto. — Hy Civil Juries J7.t;
acquitted 138; convicted 1H5 ; ac(pnttals 50.^ per cent; convictions 49.^ ditto — By Military Juries, yoar
1835: persons tried 254 ; acquitted 110; convicted 144; acquittals 43. i percent; convictions 5(1.^ ditto.-
By Civil Juries: persons tried 301; acquitted 1.54 ; convicted 150; acquittals 50 per cent; convictions
50 ditto. — By Alagistrates : persons tried 299 ; acquitted 5r, ; convicted 243 ; acquittals 19 per cent ; coa-
victions 8 1 .
Table shewing Results of Criminal Prosecutions before Juries in Great Britain and Ireland, nnil the
Centesimal Proportion of Accpiittals and convictions, calculated from Tables of Crimes and PunislimcnfMii |
M'Culloch's Statistical Account of the British F.mpire — Knpland and Wales, 22 years, ending with Md;
persons tried 2;M,0y7 ; ncfpiitted fi4,l()2 ; convicted 229,995; accpiittals 22 per cent; convictions T'^ ditt'.
Ireland, seven years ending with li"34: persons tried 88,259; acquitted 17,578; convicted Ti',!;-! ; ai" I
(piittals 20 per cent; convictions 80 ditto. Scotland, vear 1835: persons tried 2,07G; ac(piittc(l :'"": j
convicted 1,789; acquittals 14 percent; convictions 8C) per cent. — Total acquittals 5C per cent— comic-
tions 244 pe
M'Culloch's
HH,J59 : acqu
But as the t<
(l('(liicte<l fron
Hy Tables ii
the House ot
tions to the w
1H27 to 1833,
convictions 7'J
(Kxtra
M.—li'iurn
September, H;
(female), at 50
50/.; 1 school)
N'.— .■/ I.isf (I
III'' i'l-iirs 1M30,
IM.'II, abseotnU
III \<V.\, al)scon
Mfm. — Sinci
of men in ironc
ci'e<lirig years.-
Diceniber 1832
Inlioiir in irons
' I'rincijjal Sup
Copy of a Dei
My Lord,— In
answers to the
Discipline Socie
(icrasionally t(j |
Office, which hsi
replying to the
have not been p
Enclosure t
1. On Innditif
timt of the princ
2. In what di
The constructior
3. Do they a
their several oc
their landing unt
their receiving ri
tu impart it. Tc
shortly after his
of the convict sh
niiin, attended to
been beneticial ti
4. Are they se
large rooms, the
5. What distill
21 years, orforlil
ttTins of transpor
The statute 2 & 3
ihe governor of tl
tciice for 1 4 yean
it lasts, is not in t
is delayed by misi
indulgence whilst
<i. Is regard pai
previous guilty ha
\. I iHaC).
12
1
i:.r,
n,il prnpnition of
ki'n IVoiii Official
IH^.'i. anil May
(Hiittnls :\:<>i per
1 IHO; i.C(|nil-
Military Jiiriis,
Civil Juries :'''l ;
itary Juries, year
idii's ')<;.i (litti).-
fiit ; convictidns
'.) |)ur cnit ; con-
APPKNDIX v.— AUSTRALASIA.
179
tiims liM per crtit. Avi'rnj,'C of the tlui'i' couiitriis, n('(|tilttulN I •< J itnis . corivit'tiiinH -^l I ;<ril. hi
M'CuUocIi'h Work, tliu iuiiiiIhts for Iri'limd and Scdtliiiid nrc printed us IoIIowm : — Iri'luiid, tiiiuj trii'il
8M,'jr)'J ; ar(piittiMl IV.-'iVH; coiiviLtcd 7;»,<'>Ml. ScotliMid, toti\l trii'd l'.oTO ; acciuiltcd 172; o.nvii'tid I,7H"J,
But n» the totiil nf(|ii'ttfd nod (-oiivii-tcd vuries in liotli casi'H t'runi tin- tutal trii'd, the dilfi'ri'iicc huii bceii
ilcijiictt'd I'riiiri tli ' coiivictioiiH in Iri'liind, and uddi'd to the ucipMttitls in Scntliind.
Hy TahU's in thf Appendix to Oawt'oidN Ki-port nn I'cniti'niJHrit'H (linitfd States), printiil l)y Order of
the Honse (d Counnon!*, August 1m;u, the following,' propi.rtions are iliown of ucrpnttulH and convlc-
tiiiiis to the whidi' innnher of cases triiMl in the periods referred to. — KiiKlnnd and Wales, seven years, from
1HJ7 to \x'X\, aecpnltals 21 percent; convictions 7'.» ditto. — Ireland, siune period, aeipiittuU 21 percent;
convictions 7 '.I ditto. — Scotland, year iH.i.'l, acipiittuls II percent; convictions M'J Uittu.
(Kxtract from New South Wales Oovrrnrncnt (inzctte of Wednesday, 7tli September, 18;«r.,)
},l.—li''liirn of till- KstiMinhmrnt of Ihf FniKilr Fnvlitrij, /V/n/m(i//<j.— Kstahlishment authorized from 1st
Sopfemher, iMMfl. I keeper, 2(tO/.; I matron, imi/ ; .'t turnkeys (male , at Co/, each, 1x0/,; I turnkeys
(female), at .'•.(W. each, 200/. ; I clerk, 120/. ; 1 midwife, .'>o/. ; 1 chaplain, .'.0/. ; 1 Uomaii-catholic chaplain,
50/.; 1 schoolmaster or mistress, .10/. ; total, 1,000/.
N. — -•/ /-'■''' III' Ihi Xiiiiihrr of Prhnnrm trhn hare ahncnnitpil from trnncd fl'inscs in Ni'ir Smith Wnlci diirini;
Ihr IVrtw IH.'IO, 1m;u, lN;i2, lM;t:t, mid |h:u.— In Ihho, al)»conded .'C,:, ; ai)prchend.'d 2l('. ; at I rge \'J. In
IK.U, ahscoiideil ;)'.(; apprehended 'J2 ; at larsf 7. In InMJ, ah^condid 72; apprehended 10; nt lar^e .'IJ.
Ill 1<V\, absconded Xi ; appreliemlea ID ; at lar^e I 1. In \<\ I, absconded 2f. ; apprehended II; a1 lari;e 12.
Mi-m. — Since this return was mndi' the principal siiprrintendeiU of convicts has reported that lie number
(if men in ironed ^'ani,'s durini; \k:va and |m:u have bei n more than (h)uble the numbers of the Three pre-
cecilinu years.— In irons Octoher iHiiO, IM; ditto Jiinuarv ls;n, loi ; ditto January I":i2, !!'.»; ditto
December lH;iL>, .i:,2 ; ditto iMiit, l,ir,'.); ditto Uecembcr 1h;U, l,0;{a.— (Exclusive of those ajipointed to
laliour in irons by the Secretary of State.)
> IViiicipal Superintendent of Convict's Ollice, Sydney, 22 January, IHM,'.. [I'arl. Papers, ls35.]
O.— TRKAT.MKNT OF CONVICTS IN NKW SOUTH WALKS.
Copy of a Despatch from Governor Sir H. Hourke, K.C.B., to Lord (Jleneljr dated Government House,
Sydney, Ith December, 1H37. (Separate.)
My Lord, — In reply to your Lordship's desimtch of the 30th April, |h:}7, I have the honour to transmit
answers to the (puries touchins; tin,' treatment of convicts in New iMiiith Wales, presented by the Prison
Discipline Society. In these answers 1 have contined myself almost entirely to statements of facts, relerrin;^
(icensionally to published regulations, and to those despiiUhes addressed by this government to the t'olonial
Office, which have been laid before the House of Commons, and printed by its order. 1 have, however, in
replyins to the last ipiery, alluded ;;eiierally, and withour s;iving numbers and dates, to despatches which
have not been printed, which your Lordship can communicate or not as may seem proper.
(Signed.) I have, &C. li'uhard Bourkit.
Knclosurc to Sir R, Bourke's Despatch (marked separate), 4th December, 1837, with an Appendix.
1. On landing in the colony, under whose care and superintendence are the convicts placed? Under
tliat of the principal superintendent of convicts.
•_'. In what description of building arc they lodged on their arrival? In Hyde Park Barracks, Sydney.
The construction and arrangements of tb.is building do not materially dill'er from those of a military barrack.
,'!. Do they associate by day ? There is no otlur ristriction in this respect than what arises Irom
their several occupations. They are mostly kept to work in gang.s in the streets of Sydney, from
their landing until assigned. Some hours of the day during this period are, when recpiired, allotted to
their receiving religious instructions from the clergy of their several communicms, who attend at Hyde Park
tu impart it. To give longer time for this course of instruction. Dr. I'oldiiig, the Uoman-catholic bishop,
shortly after his arrival in New South Wales, reipiested that the period between the arrival and assignment
of the convict should be lengthened, which was done accordingly. He has. as regards those of bis conimu-
niiin, attended to it with great earnestne.-s and regularity ; and there is reason to believe that the result has
been beneticial to those who receive his admonitions, and to the public in general.
4. Are they separate at night ? If not, in what numbers are they contined? — They sleep in hammocks in
large rooms, the numbers in each varying with the size of the room.
5. What distinction is made in the treatment, disciiiline, or assignment of convicts sentenced to 7, 14,
21 years, orforlife. None in their assignment. There is a distinction between convicts sentenced todill'erent
terms of transportation, in the length of probationary servitude required, before they can obtain tickets of leave.
The statute 2 & 3 Will. 4, c. C,\, s. 2, enacts, that no convict shall obtain any reinis.,ion of servitude from
ihe governor of the colony until he shall first have completed, of a sentence of life, tight years ; of a sen-
teace for 14 years, six years ; of a sentence for seven years, four years. The nature of the servitude, while
it lasts, is not in any way all'ected by the length of time for which it is imposed. In all cases the remission
is delayed by misconduct; and if this bo gross, or repeated, it will preclude the convi(,'t from receiving any
indulgence whilst the term of his sentence endures. (.SVf Ticket-of-leave Kegulation of 2'>th May 1h3.").)
fi. Is regaril paid in those respects to their former station in society, or good conduct on their voyage, or
previous guilty habits in Iinjj;lund ? With regard to former station in society, those convicts who are well
; ■ i
I HO
APl'KNDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
I
!
i ' ,
ediiciktfil, or Imve b<>rn rnKa^rd In mrrnintilo ptirmiitii, or in the |)ri>fi'ii!«ion nf thi- law, arc irptintrd from tin
rt'i«t, liy ri'iiii»al I'roiii Syiliicy iiiiini'iljiiti'ly mi iirrivnl, to tin* ilintaiit Kt-ttli'incnt of Port Mu('(|<iuric, tu winch
place tlii'vnro rt'stricti'd until tlu' ('X|iiriitii)ii of thrir M'titinci-, or until thry rrrrivi* a panloii, A few run
victs have likewise liccu for hoiiic ynuH pn»t Hi'iit out, with fxprcRii (lirrctioht from tia* KiTrctary of 'ttnU'
for tlir Coloiiir*, foiinili'd upon icciiiiinuMiiliitioiis of tlio jiiilgt'H hrfori- whom thty win* ni'viriilly tried, i iIIht
for their rrnioval to Norfolk l>laii(l, or their eiiiployineiit in hard lithonr cm the romln or pulilic workfi \Mtliin
the colony, inslrnd of nsHii;niiieiit to priMite mrvicc. Kxcept in the cnscM nhove enuinerutcd, no diHtiiii tmn
in trcHtnunt, diHcipJine, or iisftiKiiincnt i< nmile on lucouiit of either Htntion, piod conduct on tlii- voyiiu'e, cir
prcviouH K'liilty hiihit^ : of whu'h lust, inihcil, little or nothing Im known here hy any coinniunicution tlir(iiii:li
nil otiicini elmiinel. With renpect to n>tsi^;iiiiunt to private »ervico, it may lie proper to oliM-rve, thiil it \*
now ;;overn(il hy n code of r(%'ulutions I'lileiilated to ensure a due diittriliiitioil o*' ..invict lahoiir, nceoKhii;;
to the power of the colotiiatN tu employ it, and the tneanit of supply ■". -nexMeil hy government, with thr
utrictest impartiality in the aHHi^^nment. The exercise of a diHcretionary power in dii^trlhutiii); convicts |i\ „
honnl, as fornerly praetined, wiit found to he extremely invlilioiiH, from its very extensive iiilliii'iice (i\ii
private intercHts. The whole mechnnism of assi^^nment in now in the haiidH of a liiiglc ministerial olliicr
swdrii to administer the re);ulations without favour. (.sVc KcKiilntions, y May In.'I.'i.)
7. What menus are taken, and how soon niter the arrival of convicts, to procure RitiiationK for those \vlii\
are allowcl to work as nu'chniiics, \c., or to enter domestic Hervice'^ They are assigned without delny, ini-
chanics as will as domestic servants and liilioiirers, pursuant to the rP|;ulntion ahove referred to.
H. On what terms are nil eliniiies or dome>lie servants uiiially employed; and are they allowed any pro.
portion of tlii'ir earnings. The novernimiit does not rec(i(;nise the practice of payiii); any wajjcs wluitcMr
to convicts, nlthou;;li there is little dmilit that many, ami especially iiieehnnies and domestic servants, dn
receive WH};es from their masters, whose iiiti rest it is to eiicoinnge and onKiliate them. Distinctions iirc
also made hy masters, from similar motives, in the articles of food and clothing;. The treatment which i%
prescrihed to the master in these ri -pects, hy tlii' order of Koverniiient, may he considered as a iiiIiiiiihiii
which the servant is entitled to den .mil as a r'niUt. Most masters sujiply tea, sugar, ur milk, and <:(jiiu.
times tolineco, in smnll ipinntitiis, iti addition to the rntioii re(piired hy re^iilntion.
'J. |)o emplojers elite r into niiy security to the ^overmiient for the pro|ier maintenance and treatment ol'tlii
coiivict.s' — The power of the ^ovi riimeiit to remove, not only the servant improperly dealt with, hut n!!
the other convict servants of tlie oll'i ndiii^ ninsfor, is the only security; but this is as ample as any uilur
supposed security could he.
10. Has the fiovernnieiit any rontimiert surveillance over convicts who are RssiRned to settlers, either a',
fleld-lahcmrers or as domestic servants ? — The surveillance over convicts, exercised as throu<;h the sum-
mary jurisdiction of magistrates, may he understood hy perusal of the Act of Council, .'< Will. 4, No. ;t. Any
complaint of the convict hiinsill' may he heard hil'ore tlie same trihnnal; and if the magistrates represent
misconduct on the part of the master, the {.'ovenior exer<'ises the jiower of removal referred to in the iiiiswir
to query ;».
11. Is a settler rerpiired to make a report to the (iovernor from time to time relative to the conduct nml
treatment of a conxiet in his sci\iee ? if so, what is tlie nut ore of such repoit T — When the time ri'i|iiMcil ly
law to render the convict elij;ihle lor iiuliilL'iiiei' has expired, the form of his application lor a tickit uf
leave contains a certificate to he signed hy his master. If tlie master decline sii^nin^ it, the re};iiliitiiiii'
nc(|uaint him that the servant will he consideied hlanieli'ss. The master may also he called on hy the ma-
gistrates to pive his reasons for oiiiittiiii; to insert the servant's character. (iS'ivTieket of Lease lii Kiihilimis
hefore referred to.) T.'iis is the only ii'port reipiired I'lnni the master of the nature alluded to. ll tin'
servant hehave ill, and the master desires to punish him, he applies to the magistrates. Keports uf the
hrarinp of such complaints are tiaiisniitted monthly to tlie (iovernment hy the mnj;istrates.
12. Are any and what preeaiitioiis t.iken to prevent convicts from ahscoiidinp from their employers ?—
No coercion is used for this purpose hy the povernnuut, the servant heiiis placed in the custody of tin
master, who is at liherty to watch liim as he thinks lit, oi lock him up at iii);ht in his room, hut or Imrraik.
The means adopted for the apprehension of runaways, and the punishment which on conviction tlay
incur, as stated in the next reply, may however he eoiisiilered as the precautions referred to in the ipury.
1;L In the ca.'c of ahscondin^;, what measures are adopted for the recapture of prisoners? If taken, what
punishments are usually inllicted ; and what is the (greatest punishment to which they are liahle T — 1..\
corps of mounted police and a numerous constahiilary are kept up, whose attention is directed to llic np-
prehension of runaway coiiviels, and their exertions stimulated hy rewards for all such captures to a |:icatii
or lessanuuint, aecordiiif; to eireiiiiisfances. 'J. The apprehension of tlie-^e deliinpients is much faiilitntol
by an Act of Council, (last renewed and amended in the session of Ih;I4), which pives a jiower of appiclmi-
aion on hare suspicion. Nothing hut thi' pemilinr case of the colony eould render such a law toicriililc ti
Englishmen, .'f. The pimisliment for aliseonding is .''jO lashes, or II days' solitary contiueim iit witli
bread and water, (.r one inontli's treadmill for the tirst ollence. If the convict is found illegally at latD'
with fire-arms, he is liahle on this alone, without any proof of haviii;; nctiinlly committed an oiitra;,'e, to li
convicted of felony (.'< Gul.-t, No. .'!, s. 12) ; and n second ahseondiiig is of itself punisliahle with a ycarV
labour in iron:, lid- s. 12). 4. A penalty of not less than .*>/., or more than 10/., is imposed on aiiylroi
person harhourins; a runaway convict (.T (Jul. I, No. .'I, sec. 2r>), rccoveralde in a summary way hel'urcain
two justices. This is in a case where the runaway has committed no other otfence. If he he a rohlur nr
housebreaker, the harhourcr, knowing him to he such, is liahle to capital punishment as an accessory, (Id
sec. 13). If the harhourcr he a convict, he is liable, in the first case, to whi|>ping or one year to an ironed
gang, (Id. sec. 2''>) ; and in the latter to the same punishment as a free person.
14. Arc any particular descrijition of convicts distinguished hy a dress, mark, or badge? — The nrnvicts
In ironed gangs, and those employed on public works, hy order of the Secretary of State, as before rii'mul
to, are distint^uisticd hy partic(dourcd winter and biundcd suinincr clothing.
It
\y What is
contracts for I >
li>. Ale spir
nervicc of <iove
washing sheep,
pi'iinlitM'K on pi
is punishable ii
fence, he is hali
I 7. What nil
liiiiirs of labour
Slid in the ipiar
Kiiieer, cominiss
vcral trades. P
iil^' their empio
IN. What pii
4, No. ;t.
111. Is corpor
siiperiiileiidenci
the preceding n
inn)?istrates, assi
the |ioliee ma>.;i
of I'olice Magis
to Mr. Secretar
I'd. Is solitar,
){jntrat(s have bj
c(ir|ioral punish
miiiil)er of solita
which has been
When the buildi
trati's to apply s(
South Wales an)
in the remoter di
he ordered to a c
many cases wlier
21. What is tl
by (lovernnient (
22. Where do
latiiin on this lici'
pi'iiils on the nia'-
are however, agrii
vidcil with beddii
their meals.
2;i Are they a
L'l. What nuiii
nndcircumstiuice'
this respect. Co
|)osition of laboiii
2.'). What pun
Council before re
21'.. What chec
before referred to
27. Mow is till
has found it possi
the Sunday. Soi
ship used. Place
thi'in ; but the vn
hiihitatioiis of the
diice any more sp
fniin his labours,
The provisions fo
affairs, as to whic
2K. Are any ini
coding reply ; to i
Scriptures, books
29. Is each con
30. What desci
3, fi, and 17.
.11. By whom a
.12. Are any de;
.11. In what nu
34. In what mil
iitpd from tlic
iiru", to wl\i(h
A ffw run
H'tary iif iinte
ly trit'd, rithir
: workH \\itliiri
nil (listiiu'tioti
till' viiyai!!', cir
■iitiiiii tliroiiL'li
itTVO, tllHl It \»
our, ncriiiiliiiu'
DUMit, Mith the
{ i-ohvirts li\ H
illMlll'IIIH' liMI
lllvti'rinl nllin r
I for tlioM' »h(i
Kuit dclny, iiu-
<).
lowi-tl nny jiro-
AiiHes wlmt(\(r
tic Sl'IVIllltH, (lu
)istiiu'tii>ns ate
tiiu'iit wliicli II
I tts a iiiiiiiiiiiiii
iiilk, niul soiiii-
:mvtiiiiMit III tlu
ult with, liiit nl!
,)lc as any utkr
^ttliTfi, ritluT a«
roll);!! till' smii-
. 4, No. M. Any
itrnti's riiHi'sint
ill till' llllhWlT
;hc conduct mnl
inir ri'i|iiinil !■>
1 for a tlckit ijf
the ri'miliitiiiii'
(in hy tilt' ma-
I' U(!:iilatiiiiis
d to. 11 thi'
I'ports (if till'
i'ni|ili)yrr'i '—
custody 111' tin
hut or liiiiiack,
iiiviLtiun tluy
thr qiu'iy.
If tiikrii, what
IJHhli'-— l.A
ctid to liu' a|i-
to a ciTatir
iiuch faiilitntiit
r uf ii|'|)iiliin-
u\v toinalile ii'
tiiu'imiit with
lUy at lar.-i'
outrage, to li
li; with a yiar'>
isi'd on any frci
wny Infiirr m)
lit' u rohlur m
in'cossnry, JM
ar to an iriinul
—The cuiivii'ts
l)cforc ri'l'i'iivil
ill
AlM'KNr)IX v.— AUSTRAI..A8IA. INI
IS. What \» the diiily mtinn of food per licnd for convict* In the nervlce of the Gimremtnrnt *— Sec niintml
rontraet!! for |h;(7, nnd eoiitincfs for the colnninl nerviee for \h'Ah.
H". Ale Hpirit'ioiiH lii|iiiirH iillowed, and In what i|uiiiitllleH f — None ni r issued tn convietK in tliu
MTvice of (Jovernnient. In priv.ite Mervlce niiiKterii noimtinu's allow tipiritu .o tin ir convict nervantu when
WHshiiiK »hccp, liiit wine or liccr are now Kiveii hy ninny inttrad of rum 'I'he IJci'iiMna Act iiiipo!<ci« Kcvero
|)i'iialltieii on piililicans Dupplyiiif; convictH with nny ipinntity without consent i'< the master, liniiikcniu'iia
In piinixhnhlc in the convict hy whipping or iolitnry contWicmcut. I' the niMti ■ uc-caxion or permit the of-
fciH'c, he IS hiihle to |i)«e hin Hcrvnnt.
17. What nuiiilicr of liouii per ilay arc such prinoncrn employed and at wlint decriptioii of hilmurT — Ten
liiiiirs of liilioiir per day in the nmxtmiini. The principal work of cnvernment kuouh Ih on the xtrcctH, roads,
mil in the ipiarriex. A ku»K ■>* employed in the hotniiical Kiinhns at Sydney, niul otller^t with the royal en-
giiu'cr, comniiHHariat, iiiid other piihlic departniciits. Mrchituics in those ku»|!s are employed in their nc-
vcral trades. Many convicts, not hroit^ht up to any trade, liavt Income good stone'Cutters and setters diir-
ini! their emplnymcnt hy (luvcrnnient.
|H, What punishments are iisiially inllictcd for refractory conduct or nc^ligcncu of work ?— Hec 3 Uul.
i, No. :«.
\'J. Is corporal piinlshinriit inOicted, nnd to what extent, onil hy whose directions, and under whose
siipcriiitendence ? — I'orpornI piinishiiicnt is inllictcd 'inilcr the provisions of the (oloninl Act referred to in
the |ireccdin^ iiumhcr. The piinishnuiits within tli > rc^>pective charges are superintended hy the police
rnnK'^'f"*''*! ''•'"*''*^""* i'"(?''"'''''^> "'"' supcrinti'iiili iit of Hyde I'ark llarriicks. In the neci>;iary Hhsence of
the police miii^lslrati's, a chief constahle siiperiiitcrnls. For further infornintion on this head, sec Ueports
of I'lilice MaRistrntcs, printed for the Mouse of iMMiitnons, in Appendix to Sir Uichard llourke's Despatch
to Mr. Secretary Stanley, of .laiiuiiry In;U.
'J(i. Is solitary coiilliienii lit adopted as a punishment ? for what otl'cnces, and to what extent .' — The mn-
gistrnti'S have hy law, in marly every case, n discretionary power of sulistitiitiii); solitary eoiiliiicineiit for
corpornl punishiiient. Hut in practice this discretion is niateriiilly restricted hy the want of a siilVuicnt
miiiiher of solitary cells. The slow prnnrcs ol the reipiircil piols niul other piililic huililinijs, ^tllc cause of
which has heen ircipiently rcpnrtnl to llcr Majesty's (liivernmeiit ), has cmitrihutcd to this ilcliciciicy,
^\ hen the liuihlin);s now ciunineiiccil or cniitt niplaleil, arc eomplctcil, it will he in the power of the iiia^is-
trntcs tonp|ily solitary continement as a puiiishiiiciit miieli more freipieiitly. Hut in such a country as New
Simtli Wales any (even tlie most cxtravaniint ) expenililme could not secure the means of such punishment
inthe remoter districts ; and the dillieiilty, expense, and other mischiefs arising out of escorts, if the otrendcr
tic ordered to a distant place of continement, will always lead to the alternative of corporal |iunishmcnt in
many eases where solitary conllneiucut would have liecn preferred if the necessary hiiililincs were at liiiiid.
lil. What is the usual ilai y rnlions for convicts assigned to settlers? — .S'ce Scale of IlatioiiH as prescribed
by (iiiverimieiit Order hil'ore referred to.
i!_'. Wlure do such convitts take their meals, and reside when not at work? — There is no positive renu-
latiiiti on this head ; iiiiil wlure reunlalioii is silent, the tri'aliiieiit ul the convict, as of a free servant, ile-
lu'iiils on the nuistcr liy vvli'im, niul tlie iicciijiatiiiii in vvliich, lu is employeil. The mass of cimvict servants
are however, npricultiiral m pastoral, anil aic ImlLteil in rouL'h huts mi the larm or stock stiitum, lieiie.; pro-
viik'il with licdiling, and some lew articles of furniture, lu those huts they cook their rations, and take
their meals.
'2',\ .Are they allowed spirituous lifiiiors':" nnd in vvliut cpiantities 'i" — .Vcf ri ply to No. ICi.
21. What number of hours per day are they employed, and at what kinds of labour? — The occii|)ations
nndeireiimstances of master and servant have tii'cn loiinil too varied to allow ol any |)ositive re^uhition in
tliis respect. (Complaints a^iainst the servant Ibr ne','leet of work, or «};ainst the master for excessive im-
position of labour, are respectively cognizable by the luaLtistratis of each district.
J,'i. What punisluneiils are usunlly intlicted for refractory conduct or neglect of work ? — Svf Act of
Coiiiu'il before referred to, and reply to No. liO.
liii. What checks exist against excessive punishinoiit ? — The limitations prescribed hy the colonial law
before referred to.
:i7. How is the Sunday usually spent among convicts? — The only imperative rule which the (Jovernnient
has found it possible to apply is t bat whitli secures to the convict fieedom from all compulsory labour on
the Sunday. Some masters read prayers to such of their servants as are willing to join in the foriii of wor-
ship used. Places of public worship are open to convicts; in some seats are especially appropriated for
them; but the variety of creeils and (le;,'r(('s of education, as well in masters as servants, ami tlie rcniotu
habitations of the majority of settlers, render it absolutely impossible, though otlurwise desirable, to intro-
duce any more Sjiecitic regulation on this subject than the establisbiiunt of the rij;bt of the convict to rest
from his labours, '.vith the privilejje of attemliiej; Divine worship if easily accessible in his neiubbourhood.
The provisions for rendering it thus accessible beloiiLj to the general subject of the eolmiial ecclesiastical
atTnirs, as to which see the papers on this subject lately printed for the House of Commons.
L'H, Are any means generally employed for moral and religious improvement of such ((iiivict? — .Vre pve-
ceili'ig reply ; to which it may be added, that some masters supply their assigned servants with the Holy
Scriptures, hooks of prayer, nnd religious and moral works.
21). Is each convict furnished with a I'.ible? — Sff foregoing reply.
;i(). What description of convicts are employed in the road-gangs and (|uarric8? — Sec replies to Nos.
3, fi, and 17.
.11. by whom are they appropriated, and on what principle are tiny seh'ctcd?
;f-'. Are nny desription of convicts ironed during the hours of labour, or at any other time?
'.V.\. Ill what numbers do they work ?
34. In what manner do they associate at their meals, and arc they contined at night ?
' ■!
iiii
11
i ii
183
AIMTNDIX v.— .\rsriJ.\I-ASI.\,
.
I;
3S. Arc nny nrmi-d gimnls pinrcd n.n »u|)rrintiMi(U'iit» ovor this dns* uf convicti ?
'M'l. !l(>w is till' Siiiiilay spi'iit by this th'si'riptioi) of convicts T
.'17. WhiK iiu'iins nil' |ii'ii\iilc(l I'oi- their iiiorni luid rchjiious iiiiprovei)u*nt T
Sir ri'uuiiitioiis for iroin'il-t;aii!;s, roiiii and l)rid};«' parties.
.'(H. What parts of the colony arc assigned as penal scllienicnts 7 — Norfolk Island nnd Morcfon Ihiy.
;iy. What class of convicts are sent there T — Those who, Imvinc arrived in this colony uiuler scntenec ul
transportation, arc a;:ain sentenced to tuinsportation by the colonial courts for suhsetpicnt olfcnccs : ami u
few sent there on their tirst coming; out by onler of the .Secretary of Stale.
•Id. At what kind ol labour arc they employed, and for what lunnbcr of hours daily ? — At ticlil labour in
the (piarrics, or in nny way that is rcipiircd, fur Id hours daily.
■II. In what docs tliedistnurion consist betwi'cn the frcntnicnt of ordinary ('onvi«t« in the colony, iiml
those nssigiu'd to pciuil scttlcnu'nts ? — 'riierc nri' no settlers allowed either at Norfolk Island or Murelou
Hay. No convicts .ire therefore assigned to private service. A very few of the best conducted are pcr-
inittcd to serve the (iovcrnincnt olhccrs at those places. The rest are worked in j,'anp;s in held laboin-, m
the (piarrics, or roads, or other public works, as re(piircd ; locked up in barracks at iiiKlit, and habli' in In'
punished corporally at the discretion of the coininaiidaiit, not I'xcecilins,' ;idd lashes, 'i'hey are in ollur
respects subject to tin provisions of the Coloniiil Act, .'1 \V. -l, No. H, helore referred to.
■lU. How is the .Sninlay spent by convicts in pcna! settlcnunts ?
•I.'l. What nu'ans are p:ovidc<' Itir their moral and religitnis iinprovenicid ?
Sunday, as in the colony, is at the penal settleinents a day of rest from labour ; and the service of the
church of Ivnglaiid, and of the l{onuin-cathi>lick church, is performed by mcmbi-rs ot each to tbe.'conf;iei;a.
tioiisof their respcctivi' eomnumions. Thirc is at present a chaplain of the ehurch of Kngland at NorlnU
island, on account of his health, who docs duty there A prolcstant chaplain was specially appoinlecl lur
till' island in \H'M\, who alliia short service ri-^ii;iied. A Uoinan-catbolic juicst is cxpi'cleil out in.nieilialily
It has been l(uiiid ixtrenicly (lilliciilt to piociiie cleitiynii n for this station, npcalcd applications frmii Ihe
colony baviiit; been made without ciVect. Catbechisfs have been cmploycil by dn.ction (d'llic local f:oveiii.
nu'iit or coinnuiiidant, and the rcli);ii>us services ol Suiuliiy have bci n thus provided tor, and moral anil nli.
};ioU:. instruction coinmunicatcd by lectures and bonks. Chaplains havi' not been provideil for iMoretmi lliiy,
where the number of ciuivicts is small, and it is proposed to withdraw them from the station : but tluit'
is now a I'rotestant missionary there who perfornu divine ser\iee, lectures, and altends to the :>chools, aiul
Sunday service has always been providid fiu' by theconinumdant.
•11. What is the nuinbcr of the free population, nnd of convicts, in the principnl town', of New Sniilli
Wales?
■I.'). What is the iiumbi r of the free population, and of convicts, in the rural districts T — A copy of the la<I
census is annexed.
•It'i. On the expiration of their sentences, what course is usually adopted by the convicts to obtain a livili.
hoo(P
•This (piestion thus not admit of a f^cin ral answer. The imnles in which com icts whose seiileiii
have expired obtain a livelihood, arc as various as those of an cijual numbir of oilier persons of ililhiiiil
(|iinlificatlons and pursuits.
•17. Arc liberated convic's r',j;istered, or is there any kind of inspection over them on the part of tli,
government ? — They hv>l(l vCi!iliciiles of Ireedoin, to protect them Irnin being dealt with as convicts iiiuKi
servitude. They arc not liable to any particular inspection on account of their having been previously iiikKi
i-rviliule, unless they have sull'ered a colonial senlencc of transpurtatioii to a penal H'tllcmciit. Siieli |iri-
8ons on becoming free are placed under the special siirvcil
re of the pi
•In. What proportivU an' considered to return to I'.ngland ' — It is not possible to state the projrorlii
hut it is considered too iiisi'Miilicant to be
any impiutiince.
•i'.i. What number of con\iels have been tran>poited a second lime during each of the last Id uar-- '•
This information can he more acciiiately obtained at the ollice ol the secictaiy of state lor the home ilijail
inent.
fid. What ha?-- been the number of executions in the colonies in each of the last live vears ':
-.S'cc return.
il. What descii(it 'Oils of crime ail' iiio-.t prevail nt in the loloiiy ?- Driinkciiness and petty thellN
slit lite a large propoition ol the ollcneis nroiight befoie the police and inlcrii'r courts ;
iiidcaltle stealing !ia>
been for the last Ibree or fniir years a very fi.i|uent subject of uivesligalion behMc the superior Irilniiiiils.
The .scattered locations and paslioal piirsui.sof the settlers have facilitated the commission of Ihisennu', ImiI
'.* has been lately much chre|.eii l.j iiie vigorous administration of the law.
.')2. What elfcct ba>c h'tlers from inlbi'iitial persons in Kngland in producing initijiation of a pri-nnn's
senlencc'!' Since the passing of the .\et ;f .K .'t Will, I, c. (12, which prescribes given periods of probaliiiiiiiiv
Hcrvitude, letters from inlliiential persons in I'.ngland has been nearly, if not wholly, without elfcct ; px'tl
coiKhict for the prescribed periods h adiiig to Indulgence at their expiration as a matter ol course, iipua liiiii
application properly aiitlicnticated uiiilcr the ticket olleavc i(>';ulations before referred to ; to vvhicli il iimv
he added, that applications for pardon from convicts who have heid a ticket id'Icavi' for six years, willicml
interruption, who have few or no colonial od'enccs recorded against them, and are well recominemlril liy
respectable people in the colony, arc usu.dly Iransmilled foi- the gracious iillowancc of the crown, il'i^
government cannot do more than law and regulation authori/.e in defcreii' .■ to any reeommendalinii wliit.
ever; and no inllucnee is necessiiry to obtain for the well conducted convict what these permit.
.'ill. .Are settlers pcrmitled to lend convicts to each other?
.'il. Are convicts allowed to (piit for a lime the sillier with whom lhe\ liave been located, !•> visit aiMllu't
settler? Not unhss in particular eases, for which see Assignment Kcgulatioiis, before referred to.
.'■>.'■>. '{'he wivi's of convicts, wiio go mit to their husbands at the i;overnmi nt expense, by whom .iu' llm
received iinmedialely on their airixal ' .\ccording to the policy of the rcguliilion now in foiec, the «ili '
nut utViciully applied fur, until her hiislmud has n pruspecl uf idilninniK a lickel-ul-lcavc bcfure her i>iri\ul
lieini; qunlilhv
and no other
which IS done
.'ii'i. What p
.'.T. When
nnd occiipatioi
i>H. What p
signally tioubl
any remarkabi
assigned for il
III private sen
wliieli any just
III the olVice of
.')'.*. Are iiisi
It is the opiiiii
•ivstein pursue
siilijected to it
are very rare ii
liave been at
iTCKoned from
(id. What \m
allowed III joii
iliiiibt of the hi
provided he be
arrive before I
result is lieipi
siiiiie instance*
lainily, hut (ii
wives, wheJlier
•il. Can any
(ei)iivicls or oil
i'<2. Coiijil (il
have reformed ;
ri'lianec could
itfiiniitil, Uea
llcarls. It mil
served their sei
ciilony, conduci
tile law. In 1 1
vires and iiiuno
III' aiiciitted pi
jialgmg from II
naiy standard
a|i|)lic,itinli for
aiiil many obtai
III trade, maiiv
inilustry and (Vi
ful. Have an>
mill with what
til encounter.
I'll. Is the ill.
so, is it leiulily
ti.^. Are any
iif lliein ? -.\s I
III tliiise dispels
miller I ('. yi'ars
ii'it an engagem
!>liiill be taught
remains of his s
fill. Are nny
jMirely moral. In
KaiiRs, before re
Ii". Make sir
Hie moral and s
lU'liI Kiluiiir III
, {^( Ni'W Siiiitli
, coi^y ol'tlu' la 'I
thi" pidiHiiliiiii
APPKNDIX v.— AliSlllAI,..VSl.\.
183
I'x'ini; qtinlillcil hy thii« inihilr ,icc to luhciiir I'm' his liviiii; niiil tliiit ol' liis family, slu> joins liiiii on licr nn iviil,
iiikI no other iiitcifi'ifuct' ol' tlii' (lovi'iiinuiit is nm'ssaiy thnii to iiifoiin hor vvhi'ii' her Imshiiiul ri'.siiioM,
wliich !■» iliiiii- hy till" |)riiii'i|t.il siipiTinliMiiii'iil ol' oiiiivicts
What |)i'iio(l usually chinst"* on Ih'ir iinivnl liiliui' lliiy join their hiishands '' See lori'tioini; feply.
-.7. Wl
ten they join their hii^liiinds, in what iiianiier are they cloniieili.iteil
Aeeoriliiii; to Ihi' ciiiiilitioii
III oe('ii|iiitioii ol' the hichanil. The (loverniiient does not iiiterl'eri' with their donie>lie arr.iii^eunnts.
■ H. What proporlion of eonvicts e\|)iuted diiriiip; the last ten years have lieeoiiie simiaily res|Hetalili", or
si|:nally troul
le, or reinaiiieii hetween the two I'xtreu.es'f Answi'r, it' |iossili|e, year hy year; should
liny reniHrkahle vnriiinee, in thi' r.hove projiortion, year liy year, oeeiir, sii;;i;est if any ';ener;il eaiise ean he
iis^ii:ned for it ■• The eoiiviels in New South Wales are hy far too iiuiiieniii<, and tlu' true eoiidiiet of those
III private service is necessarily too little known to the olVicers of (ioverniiienl, to admit of iin answer upon
which any just reliance could he placed. An estinmte from the police hislory of every lonvict, as recordeil
III the olVice of tiie principal superintendent of convicts, would not furnish ii satisfactory reply.
.'I'.t. Arc instances freipient, or very rare, of convicts rel'ormiiiji after liiiii'.; sent to a penal settlement '?
It is the opinion of clergymen, Protestant and t'atholic, who have visitcil Norfolk Island on duly, that tlio
system piirsncil thei - is not such as to ciVect a change of heart and disposition in the criminals who arc
siilijected to it. On the other hand, it is found that instances of ii second transportation to a penal station
nre very rare indci'd, and that the convicts returned from thence conduct tliemsclvcs rei^ulaily ; many who
li;ive heen at peniil settlements olitaiiied tieketsof-leave niter undeif;oiiip; the lull period of servitude
ri'ChOiied from their return, in eonfiuinity to tin' ri'i;iilalioiis hefore referred to.
lid. W hat has heen tiie conduct, in such instances as can he ohiaineil, of convicts whose wives hnw heen
allowed to join tlicin from l'.in:land, or who have heen iillowed to marry in llie colony '* There can he no
iloiihl of the iH'iielicial ell'cct on the character of tlii' convict, proiluced hv sendini; to him his wife and family,
|,i'ovided he he ipialitled, hy holdim; iiidn'):eiice, to live with ami maiiitaiii them. U lieu liy any means tliey
iirrive hcl'ore this de);ree of liherty is ohlained, or that the liiishaiid lose it afterwards hy iiiiseimduct, the
ri>iill is freipiently deplorahle, as the wil'i' and ehildieii are not always aide to maintain themselves. In
siiiiie instances, tlu' master to whom the hushand is assi^md may consent to rci-i'ive and maintain the
family, het (ioveriiment docs not reipiiie such a condition. In ;;ciieriil, it is onserveil, that convicts with
wives, whether hroii>;lit from home or wedded in the colony, conduct tlnuisilves in an orderly luaiiner.
I'll. Cun any dill'creiice he traied hetween the conduct of convicts who have relations in the colony
(convicts or others), and that of such as have none 'f None, it is helii'ved.
fi2. Cimlil detailed statements hi' ohlained of the cari'cr of any considerahle inimher of such convicts as
liavi' reformed ; if so, procure them '' It would hi' ilmicult to procure any upon the coireitncss of whii'li
ri'liiiiicc could ho placed ; nor is it (piite clear what is intended in this ipieslion, or in .'•'.», hy tlu' word
iil'iiriiiril. Ileal reformation of lieail and disposition can he known to I lim only who is the Seaieher of
llciirls. It may he ^tated, however, of the convicts in general, that a liufjc proportion of those who have
served their sentences, or ohtaincd par.lons, or tickets-of. leave, scattered over all parts of this immeiise
ciilony, conduct themselves in such a manner as to keep out of the hands of the police and the clutelu of
the law. In their homes and families they will not he I'o'ind, in the same propoition, free from the (grosser
vices and immoralities to which the lower class of the peojile are snhjeel. Nevertheless, there arc very ninny
(if admitted prohity nnd industry, and many who hiiii;; up their chililrcn virtuously and decently ; and,
iii(l'.;iiii; from the conduct and iiiiiieaianee of such f.iiiulies, lliev niii;ht he coiisidereil as not helow the ordi-
luuy standard of the peasantry of l'iii;laiid. Of the convicts in servitude a larj^c proport'
re found, upon
a|iiilicatioii lor their lickcts-of leave, to have no oll'enee, or very trivial ollenccs, recorded a','aiiist th<
and many olilain j^ood characters from their masters and the macistrales. Then' an' also many emniieipists
lid others, large proprietors of laud and l;ou.ses, liecomc wealthy hy a loiirsc of
111 trade, many shopkeeper.'-
iiiihistrv and frugality, pursued steadil> for many years.
iV,\. Have any teiMpi'rance societies heen estaldishcil in the ci
iloiiv
have nnv convict
s joined them
mill with what elVecf ? — Many, with very useful cll'ecl, consideriii); the strength of the tcinptalions they liavi
ti) encounter.
I'll. Is the distinction very marked in the colony hetween emancipated convicts and free settlers ; and, if
sii, IS it readily acipiiesced in or coniplaiiied of ' -.Vcc reply to No. (i".
I'l.'i. Arc any colh'ction of hooks williin the colony in the reach of Mie convicts ; if so, transmit catalogues
oftliem? — .As to convicts in governnieiit employ, .<'■• regulations fiu' iioiied gangs, Iicumc referred to. As
til those dispersed in the service of the colonists, .m'c replies to Nos. l'7 and J."*. W itli regard to convict hoys
miller l("i years of age, whose sentence seliloin e\<ecds seven years ; these arc not assigned to a selller wit;i.
("It an engagement on his pint, that the hoy shall receive I'lemcntary, religions, and moral instrnclioii, and
shall he taught to read and write. lUiiler this cngagenu'iit the hoy is permanently assigned for what
reiiiaiiis of his sentence of seven years.
M. Alt' nny attempts made to cstahlish schools for the convict's licnelU ; or is any other iiinchinory,
purely moral, hronght to hear upon theiiiT — Siv rcjilies to Nos, 3, 27, liH, and I'l.'"', and rrgulations for ironed
piiigs, hefore referred to.
Ii7. Make such gi ncral remarks as occur on the wliole convict system of the colony, and on its ell'cct on
the iiioral and social stale of the communily ; also remark on the ell'cct of the l.itter on it. I'.ntcr on the
M:hjeet largely, making any ohserviilioiis luid sii:;gesiioiis which may he instructive or useful in la garti
llicreto? — In the con('sp(Uideiice of this go\eriiin(iil with the colonial ollicc, the convict system id' New
Siiiilh Wales has lieen largely disciisseil ; and some of the most impoitaut of ihosc papers have heen laid
lu'lore the Mouse of Commons, and printed hy its order. It appears, Iherelore, hardly necessary to renew
Ike topic here, at the length which the ipieiy seems to eoiiteniplate ; whilst a lew uuconil(.'Ctcil and gciu'ral
•ilmiTvatiuiis wunhl not add nny value to the foregoing Mtutcnieiits of luets.
tl
!!| H"rl
W
rf.
184
APPKNDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
li*
't
Enclosure to Sir Richard llourke's Despatch, 4th Deccmher 1H37. (Separate.) Colonial Secretary's oflficc,
Sydney, 25th May, IHMS.
Tickrt'i of Lt'iii'p. — The tickct-of-leave rcgidations puhlished in the summary dated 1st October I ><,■!(),
having heen partly stipcrsi-di'd by net of pailianicnt, and rtiiniring revision in other respects, bis cxcclhMicv
the governor has heen pliased to direct, tliat the I'ullowing be ol)sirved, with reference to that indulgence,
from and after the IfOth day of June next.
1. (jiKi/ificiitidii. — I. The first and indispensable qualification, is the completion of the probationary servi-
tiKle reipiired by the act of the Imijerial parliament, 2 and I? Will. 4, c. C<-2, s. 2, viz — Four years of a sen-
tence fiu' 7 years, six years of a sentence for 14 years, eight years of a sentence for life, to be reckoned from
thedate of eniploynunt hy the government, or of assignment to private service in tlie colony.
II. Jilililiiiiiiil pidli'iliiin (ill (iccuiiiil of rluiiii^i'^ of .ifrrici'. — In addition to the probation required by law,
one year is added for every change of service of any male convict ajjpcaring to have been occasioned by his
niiseimduct.
III. A'hdt'wnid I'rohatioii on ncemmt of ptamhnu'nt. — 1. One year is added for every punishment intllctcil
on a male convict by colonial sentence, exctpt that to an ironed-gang, or penal settlement, in which eases
the probation reeommencts from the expiration of the sentence.
2. As it has sometimes happened that a convict has bihaved so ill as to be punished between tlic period of
application for a ticket of-leave and the decision thereon, magistrates by wliom su'.li punishments are ordiitd,
and masters by whom the complaints are made are to give iiniv.ediate and special notice, l)y letter to llio
jjrineipal superintendent of convicts, of all such eases, in order that the required additional probation may
be enforced.
IV. UiscirlUm of the Magktratfs. — Notwitstanding the foregoing rules, magistrates entertaining an appli-
cation for a ticket-of-leave, are not precluded from recommending, at the instance of the master, a remission
of the additional probation retpiired, either for change of service or punishment, if they shall be of c. 'nion
that the subsecpient good conduct of the applicant has merited the remissiin. This observation will Cviually
apply to an application made for the firsi tiuiC, and to that antliorizeil by (VI. Ci) of these rules.
V. Pinhiiliiiiio/h^riiiiili'Ciiiiriii!/. — As the jiropriety of granting tickets-ofleavc to female convicts mate.
rially depen<ls upon the coiuicxlons which it nuiy enal)le them to form or maintain, it is not intended to lay
down any strict rules with regard to them, in addition to those iinposeil by the statute rt^ferred to in ■ . -i.
graph 1. When the proliatiou thereby reipiired has heen completed, the giving or withholding of a tiekot-
of-leave will depend on the particular circumstances of each case. Magistrates wd', iiowever, continue ti
receive and forwaid the applications of females as is now practised, being careful in addition to inquire ami
represent, not only their eligibility from term of service and good conduct, but also the manner in which
they propose to maintain themselves while holding the desired indulgence.
VI. Mdih' of .liii'lic'itioii, mill of lifjiiiri/ (iihl (lirisiuu llicrroii. — I. Apiilications for tickets of leave arc to
be presented personally by the applicant (in a form to he supplied for that purpose) tr) the petty sessions of
the district in which he is eiUjiloyed, on such day or days in every month as the justices shall appoint ami
make known in their resi)eetive districts. If hut one justice should be present, such justice may reeeiviaml
deal with the application in conformity to these regulations. If the applicant's place of employiiient he not
within any authorised district, be shall apply to the nearest court of |)etty sessions. No application is to be
received by the sessions which is n(it in the jjrescribcd form, and signed by the master or overseer.
2. HIank forms of applications for tickets of leave will be delivered to masters, gratis, by the clerks oftiio
several benches, upon demand, and masters are recpiired to l)e constantly provided with them for the use of
the convicts in their service who have ajiplications to make.
3. Should the master of any servant applying for a ticket, consider the applicant undeserving the indnl-
gence, he is re(|nireil to state his opinion in writinir to the bench, with the grounds of it. In case he de-
cline giving such written statement, the magistrates are bound to consider the applicant as deserving.
1. To allow full time for the iiupiiries hereinafter directed, the application may be made three months
before the term of probation rc(piircd by law or regulation has expired, and the master of every servant
entitled to apjily under this rule, is bound to furnish liim with a printed form of application and pass to the
appropriate court of petty sessions, and further to answer all ipiestions of such court, relating to the con.
duel and claims of the applicant ; attending in person for such purpose, if required.
.■■>. If the court shall have reason to believe that any convict has knowingly presented an ap,ilication for
a ticket of leave, before the time herein prescribed, or made any false entry of service in it, either with
respect to dates, or by omitting to enter the several services in which he slndl have been employed, the
bench shall immediately report the case through the principal superintendent of convicts, for the u-ovfi-
noi's information, and one year (or more if the cas" shall seem to deserve a higher degree of punishment)
of adilitional servitude will be refpiired of every such oll'ender.
f). It is to be understood that the master is required to give the form and pass bi-forc mentioned three
months before the expiration of the period of servitude to which the convict is hound by the statute J iurl
3 W. IV., chap. ('i2 referred to in paragraph 1, Uut if, after submission to the proper authorities, tli.' ap-
plieation of a ticket of leave be refused, and an additional period of probation be required, the master wiil
not consiucr himself obliged to give another form and pass, lor the purpose of a renewed ap|)lication, until
the expiration of the additional period. If, however, from the subsecpicnt good conduct of the servant, the
master shall wish to obtain a remission of the additional probation, he may furnish the servant with the
form, stating thereon his desire that the additional probation be remittee', and his reason for such recom-
mendation.
7. The court entertaining the application, will enter on the lorm all such particulars relating to tlie con-
duct of the applicant, as can be obtained from his present or former masters fif these be residing within the
district), or from their own records ; and will add siieh observations as the case may seem to require, ami
transmit all a
siiperintenden
tions into a 1
obtained, but
in all cases to
H. The prii
such other fat
where neccsst
may have forn
will then forw
lification of th
y. Iftheapi
(liately by the
tion was forwi
post a notice c
any app"catioi
expired, nnles.<
Vn. /ii-slDn.
may api)ly for
master will, if]
the appropriate
principal super
this manner, m
served a i)rohat
manner and foi
i\(ilr. — VVhei
ollieer In charge
VI 11. MiisUr
of Sydney, resi(
inspection of a
Sunday), at sue
2. Kvery holi
the date hereof,
nnnie, ship, occi
Any ticket -of-le
:!. If a ticket-
hours report in
parish to anotlii
whose parish he
lect of this regul
4. Holders of
petty sessions ar
nias;istrate, on tl
should fall on a
■'. Holders of
mentioned in the
held, hy a police-
sums, under the
'!. Holders of i
and a clerk of tin
nearest justice of
7. Iminediatel;
I'erk of the henei
pcrintendent of e
H. The leagistr
"fa tlcket-of-lea\
that the tickct-of
suprrintendent of
11. .\o other 111
nfii ticket of-leav
ance as the gover
ticket.
10. Ifany tick(
patej, unless ur
iinniedjately ■: ic;
11. Tickets of
wliich petty sessic
tthif h such' petty
F^molrs. — 1, \>
the town of Sydne
Urst policc-magisti
If
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRALASIA.
183
ecretary's office,
it October 1 •^.fii,
s, his cxcdliMuy
tlmt indulgfiKi',
jbntioimry scrvi-
■ years of a. Hn\.
e reckoned from
!■
required by law,
ccasioiKd by his
ishincnt inflictcil
t, in which cases
con tlic period of
cnts are ordi'iid,
, by letter to tlio
il probation may
taining an ninili-
ister, a remission
mil be of (■ iiioii
itioii will e^jually
lies.
e convicts mate-
it intended to lay
erred to in • i-
[ting of a tiikot-
:'ver, continue ti
m to iiKiuin' and
manner in wliicli
( of leave arc to
petty sessions uf
iliall appoint and
- may receive and
iployuK'iit be not
(jilication is to be
rseer.
the clerks (dtiie
m fur the use uf
rving the inilnl-
In case he dc-
eserving.
ule three months
of every servant
and pass to the
ating to the coii^
n ap,)lieation fur
it, either with
■n eniploye<l, the
for the !;ovcr-
of punishment'
h
mentioned three
11- statute J and
liuiities, the ap-
tlie master wiil
pplication, until
the servant, the
Iservant with the
for such reaim-
aVing to the con-
siding within the
to rcipiire, nml
transmit all applications so prepared on the last day of every month, or oftener, if required, to the principal
superintendent of convicts. Previously to transmission, the clerk of the bench will transerilie the applica-
tions into a book to he kept for the purpose, in which a cdumn will he left to enter the decision when
obtained, but the original application, with the nmgistrates' remarks thereon, attested by their signatures, are
in all cases to be forwarded to the principal superintendent of convicts, for the governor's information.
8. The principal superintendent will, on receipt of such application, examine the reeortis of his otVice for
such other facts as may be necessary to compleie the evidence in favour of or against the claim, referring,
where necessary, to the former masters, or to the magistrates of the several districts in which the applicants
may have formerly served, or to other convenient sources of information. The principal superintendent
will then forward the application, with the several statements and certificates, and his report upon the qua-
lification of the appli int, to be submitted to the governor.
\). If the application be r jccted, additional probiition being recpiired, such rejection will be notified imme-
diately by the principal superintendent of convicts to the court of petty sessions through which the applica-
tion was forwarded. The magistrates will take the earliest opportunity of informing the master, and will
post a notice of the fact in some conspicuous place inside and outside the court-house, and will not receive
any app"cation for a ticket of leave from the same party, until the additional period of probation shall have
expired, unless at the instance of the master, as beforo-inentioned. (VI. 6.)
VII. Jti'stornliun ufTirki'l vanrdled. — Any convict whose ticket vif leave has been cancelled by the governor,
may ap|)ly for its restoration, through the master to whom he has been assigned, and not otherwise. 'I"hc
master will, if he thinks the servant deserving of indulgence, a|iply for the restoration by letter, addressed to
the appropriate court of petty sessions, who will forward it, with their remnrks endorsed tbere(m, to the
principal superintendent of convicts, to be laid, with tli.it ollicer's report, l)efore the governor. Cnless in
this manner, no ajiplication shall be mn<le for the restoration of a ticket of leave, until the convict shall have
served a probation of four years from the date of bis ticket being cancelled, when a regular application in the
ninnner and form prescribed in paragraph VI. may be made for a new ticket.
A'"/('. — When the convict allected by any of the foregoing regulations is in the service of government, the
ollicer in charge of such convict is to be considen-d a* the master within the meaning of the regulations.
VIM. Miisti'r iif l'fr.i(m.i Iwl'iiiia; Tirhfts-iif-li'iiir. — (MiiIm) — 1. Holders of tickets-of-leave for the district
of Sydney, residing within the town, sbull be mustered in the parishes in which they reside, under the
inspection of a police-ningistrate, upon the first day of I'very inontli, (or the second if the (i-st shall fall on a
Sunday), at such place and hour for each parish as tliC tirst police-magistrate shall appoint.
1'. Kvery holder of a ticket-of-leave, residing within the town of Sydney, shall, within one month from
the date hereof, give to the wardsman of the parish in which he resides, a written return, containing his
name, ship, occupation, and place of abode, nceordiiig to a form to be ohtaiiiid gratis at the police- cilice.
Any ticket-of-leave holder neglecting to give such return will become liable to be apprehended as a run. way.
;t. If a ticket-of-leave bolder shall quit his residence for another in the .same parish, he shall within :i4
hours report in writing to the wardsman the place to wliicli he removes, or if the removal be from one
parish to another, he shall report in like manner bis removal and actual re^idence, both to the wardsman
whose parish he .piits, and to the wardsman williiii whose jiarish be takes up his new residence. Any neg-
lect of this regulation will cause an immediate cancellation of his ticket.
4. Holders of tickets-of-leave, residing without the town of Sydiicy, hut within tlie district for which
jietty sessions are held at Sydney, shall be mnstired ipiarterly in Sydney, under the inspection of a police-
niasiistrate, on the first days of .lanuary, April, July, and October, in every year, or the second if the first
should fall I'll a Sunday, at such place and time as the first poliee-magistrate shall appoint.
.■>. Holders of tickets-of-leave in the other districts of the colony shall be mustered (piarterly, on the days
mentioned in »lie preceding regulation, at the court-house at which the petty sessions for such district are
held, by a police-niat;istrate where such is stationed in the district, or otherwise by the clerks of petty ses-
sions, under the inspectiov (>f a justice of the peace acting for the district.
li. Holders of tickets-of-leave for any place not included in a district for which petty sessions are held,
and a clerk of the bench appointed, will be mustered (piarterly, on the days above mentioned, before the
nearest justice of the peace, according to instructions which will be uiven him to this effect.
7. Immediately after each muster, the magistrate under whose superintendence it has lu'eii made, or the
rierk of the bench, if no magistrate has attended, will report the names of alt absentees to the principal su-
liciiiitetident of convicts, for the governor's information.
H. The ir.agistrate superintending the muster, will, whenever be thinks it necessary, interrogate the holder
of a ticket-of-leave respecting his means of subsistence and maiun'r of life, and if be shall not he satisfied
that the ticket-of-leave bolder subsists honestly, he will render a special report of the case to the prinripal
fiijiorintendent of convicts, for the governor's information.
'.t. .No other nnisters than the foregoing will be required from the first day of Julv next, but any holder
iif a ticket of-leavc tailing to attend at n.uster as herein reipiired, or to show such cause for non-appear-
ance as the governor, upon investigation of the case, shall think it right to admit; will be deprived of his
ticket.
IC. If any ticket -of-leave holder shall he found without the limits of the district for which the ticket is
|;rnnf<;l, unless under authority of a pass or licence, obtained as hereinafter mentioned, tlic ticket will be
ininieiliately r K-elled.
11. Tickets of leave formerly granted for minor districts, or places of less extent than the district for
which petty sessions are now hnlden, shall in future be considered as extending to the entire district for
which stub petty sessions are holden.
Ffmnli's. — 1. Women holding tickets-of-leave are not required to muster in person, but if residing within
the town of Sydney shall leave, or cause to be left at such place within the parish wnere they dwell, as the
tirU police-magistrate shall direct, on some day in the first week of every month, a report in the form
m
>
v: I
IRt
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
hereunto annexed. In like manner women holding tickets- of-leave, and residing within the dibtrict of Syd-
ney outside the town, or in any other district of the colony in which petty sessions arc held, slmll leave or causi'
to be left a similar report, on some day of the first week in every (|uarter, at the police-oHice or court-house
of the district ; and if residing in n district where a masistratc acts singly, the certiticnte shall he left at his
residence. Any omission in the delivery of these reports, utdcss satisfactorily acciuinti'd for to the magis-
trates, or any false statement therein, will subject the olfeiider to the loss of her ticket ; and the magistrates
are recjuested to cause fre(|uent inquiry to be made to ascertain the correctness of these reports. At the
same time as it is desirable that married women, and generally women of good chariicter, should not be
obliged to leave their homes to deliver these reports, the magistrates arc authorized to dispense with them
where the character and habits of the woman shall justify in her case a relaxation of the rule. Printed
forms of reports may be obtuiiied gratis on applicatioti to the clerks of the several benches of magistrates.
2. Women found absent from their district without a pass or licence, as hereinafter mentioned, will be
subject t ) the loss of their ticket, e(pially with males.
IX. — I'li.iKfs. 1. Holders of tickets-of-leave, whether male or female who shall show reasonable cause,
to the satisfaction of the nearest justice of the peace, for absenting themselves from their district, may re-
ceive a |)ass from such justice for any time not exceeding 11 days. If ony longer pass is retpiircd, applica-
tion must l)e made to the principal superintendent of convicts through the petty sessions of the district, or if
the applicant do not reside within a district, then through the nearest justice of the peace, and thereupon the
principal superintendent of convicts may grant such pass as the nature of the case shall require.
2. When holilers of tickets-of-leave shall be obliged, from the nature of their occupation, to attend the
markets in .Sydney, applicntion may be made in like manner through the petty sessions, or niarcst justice,
to the principal superintendent of convicts, who will gront them, if satistied with the propriety of the appli-
cation, a license to attend the markets accordingly. Such license to remain in force one year only ; but to
be renewable annuallv, upon a fresh application made in the same manner.
X. C/irtWi'-c of Di-itiirt. — All applications for transfer of a ticket-of leave from one district to another, or
for permission to reside without the bounds of the district for which the ticket is granted, must bo made to
the priiieipal superintendent of convicts, throiigh the petty sessions of the district for which the ticket
aJready held is granted, or through the nearest justice, as the case may be, as hereinbefore directed wiili
regard to special passes.
Uy His Kxcellency's Command,
Ali'xnmler M'l.eay.
(CrtiHs.) Applinition/or a Tirhel-of-Lmre. — (Pass) having stated to me that he arrived in this
colony on under sentence of transportation for years, and that he has served all but thnc
months or less of the period recpiired by law [togcthir with the period of additional imposed
by the answer received to ills last application for a tit ket-of-ieave), I give him his |)ass to enable him tn
proceed to to apply for a ticket of-leave, in conformity to regulation. 'I'his pass to he in force
days, and no longer, uidess extended by a magistrate.
1 hereby certify that the said has been in service from to
and that his conduct during that period has been
[Signature if Mastn- or nn-riti'n.]
[I'liirc of Ali(hl,\]
; year of arrival, ; native place.
Description of the said : name,
trade or calling,
general remarks,
Statement of the services of
2d. With from
4th. With from
; ship.
; complexion.
age, ; height,
; signature (if able to write),
1st. With
3d. With
r.th. With
hair,
eyes.
to
to
from
from
from
to
to
to
I requfcst to have a ticket-of-leave for the District of
[Sii^iuilure or mark of Apiilirani .]
N. B. If any applicant enter, or cause to be entered, a wilfully false statement, he will he liable to onr
year's additional probation at the least. — Regulation VI. .'>,
{Oratis.J Entries of Punishments, Chnnses of Serrice, ami other p'.rtinilnrs relatins to the Conducl
of the Appiiciint, with the Oltserfiitionx of MufristrateH thereon.
To Mr. Wardsman, No. I hereby give you notice, in conformity with tho
regidtttions of the g-overnment, that I hold the ticket-of-leave, No, , and reside at the house, No.
in street, following the business or calling of • By ship
{Gratis.) I, declare that I hold a ticket-of-leave for the district of and reside at
{Signatuii^ or Mark.] By ship
pjiclosure to Sir Richard Bourke's Despatch, 4th December, lfl:i7. (Separate) Government Order,
Colrmial Secretary's office, Sydney, 2yth June, lH:il.
Assigned Servants —Jhp. great expense to' which the government is subjected, by the niaiiitruaiin' ant
treatment of the assigned scrvunt.-* of settlers, when sent info colonial hospitals, having been bmurlit uii.l.i
its notice, and the attention of the government having also been calKd to the expense to wliieli n'-
Majesty's Treasury has been subjected in keeping up an extensive constabidary, a great proporfi in nt wli >'
time has been employed in conducting the servants of settlers from Sydney to their masters in the nitii
and taking
nient ; the f
1. That t
the extent o
not be re(|iii
2. That t
to take them
as immediat(
with men wl
;<. That al
jilace as they
at or fi^ar th
Hathurst roa
4. That if
to some otbe
in such cases
.'). That in
servants, wIk
stated in the
fi. That as
aiippheil Willi
iif the eonvii
henceforth be
The govern
liberality tow
assigned > ■■•v
supply of the:
7. lint ions
or, in lieu tl
seconds (lour.
Any article:
gences, which
S. Clolhiiiic
or jacket.s, tli
follows, viz. :
On the 1st
woollen trows
On the 1st
On the 1st
suit the iigc ai
The ~ rts a
Kaeh an h
which are to h
'■)■ In the e
within two UK
supply him wii
that day. In
ami 1st Noven
I'ldiowjng ; but
the established
10. Persons
eiplcs, as they
the indulgence
Hy Ins Kxcellen
of New SoutI
council.
No. 3. All ac
New SoutI
"lid of pe
repiiliiting
nances rel
1. Whereas i
punis iment of <
tl
I '.
APPICNDIX v.— AUSTRALASIA.
185
listrict of Syd-
leavL- or cause
or cniirt-hDiisi'
II be left nt his
r to the miigis-
lie magistriitcs
ports. At the
, should not he
nse with them
rule. Printed
magistrates,
itioneil, will he
asonable cause,
listrict, may re-
quired, npplica-
he district, or if
d thereupon the
ire.
n, to attend the
marest justiee,
ety of the npiih-
;ar only ; but to
ct to another, or
must be made to
which the ticket
ire directed svitli
T M'I.eay.
he arrived in this
rved all Imt thm
dditional imposid
to enable him to
lass to be in force
to
Oi'i'rxpn-.]
(if Ahoilf.]
place,
; eyes,
to
to
to
,l///l/i(VIH'.]
ill he liable to oiu
Ihe Condiifl
iil'ormity with tin'
house, No.
ship
and resiilc at
rnment Order,
e niaiiiteiianre niiii
ecu 1)1 ought iMi'M
nse to which Hi^
[>|)ortion of ttli;'"'
[( rs in tlie iii'>''
and taking otlurs Iwck, who, from misconduct, or from other circumstances, are returned to the govern-
ment ; the following regulations have been laid down in these cases respectively, viz.
1. That the master shall pay at the rate of l.i. a day for the time his servant shall be in tlie hospital, to
the extent of ^0 days. Should the servant continue under treatment for any longer period, the master will
not be recpiired to make any further payment.
2. That the persons who send their servants into any of the hosjiitals shall appoint an agent on the spot
to take them away ns soon as they are recovered, and unless they he so taken away, they shall be consideri '
as immediately assi<;nable to other parties, in order to prevent the hospital from being improperly burthened
with men wlu) do not refpiire treatment.
;(. That all peisims to whom convicts shall be assigned shall send for them to Sydney, or to such other
place as they shall be assembled at. For example, the men to be assigned from road parties will be collectid
at or fiiftr the stations of the assistant surveyors of roads : — ( 1 ) At I'arramatta. (2.) At Collctts', on th3
Hathurst road. (3 ) .Xt the station of the assistant-surveyor, on the Maitland road. (1.) At Hong Hong.
4. That if the party to whom a prisoner is assigned shall fail to send for him, the prisoner will be assigne<l
to some other person ; and in order to |)revent a recurrence of the inconvenience which must he experienced
in such cases, the master w ill not be considereil as un eligible candidate for .servants in future.
,'). That in order to avoid disappointment, it is sugL^ested that persons residing at a distance applying for
servants, who may be assigned in .Sydney, should appoint an agent, whose name and residence should be
stated in the application, to receive at the time any men who may be assigned to them.
Ct. That as all convicts who are assigned immediately on their arrival from Kngland and Ireland, arc
,'iO|)plied with a coniplete suit of new clothing, and as it is only reasonable that the person having the benefit
of the convict's services shoidd be iit the expense of this clothing, the assignees of all such convicts will
henceforth be rcfpiired to pay 20,«. for the clothing so furnished at the time of receiving the men.
The government has further been indticed, as well with a view of protecting those masters who act with
liberality towards their servants from the complaints of the discontented and ill ilisposed, as to insure to all
assigned ^ '"-vants a due proportion of food and clothing, to lay down the following regulations for the
supply of thct- ' necessaries :
7. Riillims — The weekly ration is to consist as follows, viz. : 12 lbs. of wheat, or 9 lbs. of seconds Hour ;
or, in lieu thereof, at the discretion of the master, .'U lbs. of maize meal, and !( lbs. of wheat, or 7 lbs. of
seconds Hour, and 7 lbs. of beef or mutton, or 4V lbs. of salt pork, 2 oz. of salt, 2 oz. of soap.
Any articles which the master may supply beyoiul those above specified are to be considered as induU
gencea, which he is at liberty to discontinue whenever he may think proper.
8. Clothing. — The clothing which assigned servants will be entitled to annually is to consist of two frocks
or jackets, three shirts, two pair of truwscrs, three pair of shoes, one hat or cap -, and is to be issued as
follows, viz. :
On the 1st of May in each year. — One woollen jacket, of Parrainatta or strong Knglish cloth ; one pair of
woollen trowsers, of I'arramatta or strong Knglish cloth ; one shirt, one i)air of shoes, one hat or cap.
On the 1st of Atigust. — One shirt, and one pair of shoes.
On the 1st of November. — One woollen or duck jacket, one pair of woollen or duck trowsers, as may best
suit th( ;ige and state of health of the servant during the summer season, one shirt, one pair of shoes.
The rts are to be of strong linen or cotton, and the shoes of stout and durable leather.
I'.ach .\n is to be kept constantly su|)plie(l with at least one good blanket and palliasse or wool mattress,
which are to be considered the property of the ma ter.
'.I. In the event of a man being assigned who shall have been clothed by the government at any time
within two months previous to the general issue en the 1st ol May, his master will not be reipiired to
supply him with any clothing until Ist of August, and then oidy with those articles which are specified for
that day. In like maimer, the master of any servant clothed by the government between the 1st September
ami Ist November shall only be retpnred to issue to him a shirt and a pair (d shoes im the Ist of I'Vbru.iry
following ; but after those dates respectively, the several articles enumerated must be reguiarly supplied at
the established (leriods.
10. Persons who do not comply with these regulations, which are founded on just and e(|uitable prin-
ciples, as they reciprocally aiiply to the government, the settler and tlie assigned servant, c.mnot be allowed
the indulgence of having convicts assigned to them thereafter.
IJy command of his lixccllency the Governor,
Alexiindcr M'Leny,
Enclosure to hi.- Richard Bourkc's despatch, 4 nccember 1H37. (Separate.)
New South Wales. — Anno Tertio Ouliclmi IV. Regis.
By his Excellency rrijor-general Sir Richard Hourke, captain-general and governor-in-tliief of the territory
of New South Wales and its dependencies, and vice-admiral of the same, with the advice of the legislative
council.
No, 'A. An act to consolidate niid amend the lawiA for the transportation and punishment of offenders in
New South Wales, and for defining the respective powers and authorities of general (juarter wessioiis,
and of petty sessions ; and for determining the places at which the same .shall he hoiden ; and for better
regulating the summary juiisdiction of insti'-es of the ;)care ; and for repealing certain laws an'l ordi-
nances relating thereto. — (24 Atigust, !«;i2.)
1. Whereas it is expedient to o'ssolidnte and amend tlie laws now in force for the transportation and
punisiment of olTenders convictrd of tv ..nsportable felonies in New South Wales, and to define and regulate
n M
m
18G
Al'l'KNDlX v.— AUSTIIAI.-ASIA.
the respective powers and authorities of the courts of pencrnl quarter sessions, and of petty sessions, as well
as of one justice of tiic peace excrcisiiii; n summary jurisdiction in certain cases, and to determine, by prnpor
authority, the places at wliich the said courts shall he respectively hulden ; and whereas, for these purposes,
it is expedient anil necessary that cirtaiu laws or ordinances of the (governor and council of New South \\'n\n
should he repealed : he it therefore enncted, hy his excelU'Ucy the governor of New South Wales, with the
advic<' of the legislative council thereof, ilint a certain act or ordinance of the jrovernor and council of New
South Wales, (lass-rd in the sixth jear of the reipii of his late Mnjesfy King (Jeorge the Fourth, (No. y.)
intituled " an act to facilitate the proceedirias of justices of the pence in the exercise of their summary juris-
diction ;" and an act or ordinance |)asfeil in the seventh year of the same reign, (No. .1) intituled " an act tor
the transportation of oH'enders to penal settlements, and for the more ellVctnal |)uiushment and sec'urity nf
the same ;" and an act or ordinance passed in the I Ith year of the same reign, (No. 12. l intituled " an net
for the punishment and transportation of otfenders in New South Wales;" and also another actor ordinance
pas.scd in the same year of the same reign, (No. IH.) intituled " an act to amend an act of the governor and
council," intituled " an act for instituting and reu'ulnting courts of general and (piarter sessions in New
South Wales, and for hetter regulating the powers of justices of the peace therein," shall, from and after the
commencement of this net or ordinance, he, and the same are hereby repealed.
2. And be it further enacted, that this act or ordinance shall commctice and take cflfect on the 1st day of
October next alter the passing thereof; and that on or after that day, all things remaining to be done touch-
ing the transportation, removal, punishment, employment aiul disci|)line of persons sentenced or ordi red to
be transported, or to be kept to labour in ircuis on the ro.ids or public works of the said colony umler
any act or ordinance of the governor in council, shall be continued, done, and comph^ted under the provi.
sions of this act or ordinance: and that all sentences and orders for transportation, and all other orders,
instructions, and directions made, issued, or given, under any such act or ordimince of the governor in co\ui-
cil, in force at the commencement of this act or ordinance, shall continue in force until they shall be revoked
or superseded.
3. And be it further enacted, that if any person who shall have arrived in the said colony as a transported
felon or otfender, in pursuance of the sentence or order of any court or (Mimpctent authority, shall he con-
victeil in the Sui)reme Court, or in any court of general (piartcr sessions, of any oll'encc punishable by tin-
law of Kngland with transportation, every such person slinll, at the discretion of the court, he sentenced
either to suri"er such |)unishment as the law of Kn'^hiiid has awarded to su.h otfence, or, in lieu thereof, if »
male, to be kept to labour in irons on the roads or public works of the said colony ; or if a female to lie
imprisoned and kept to labour iu any gaol or factory appointed by the governor for the custody of feniule
oll'enders, for a time t'.:)t exceeding three years.
4. And be it further enacted, that every sentence of transportation ])assed in due course of law upon any
oll'ender in New South Wales or its dependeneies, and every order made by the governor for the transporta-
tion of any such olfeuder in lieu of capital punishment, shall subject such otfender to be cimveyed to s.icli
penal settlement wifhin the said colony or its depeudeueies at such time and m such manner as the governor
for the tune being shall direct and appoint; and that every otfender shall be detained and kept at such penal
settlement until he or she shall have served such sentence, or shall be removed therefrom by lawful autho-
rity ; and that every sentence or order passed or made for keeping such offender as aforesaid, to labour in
irons upon the roads or other i)ublic works of the said colony, shall subject su :h otl'ender to be placed anil
kept to labour upon su-h roads or public works as the governor for the time being shall direct and appoint,
and such otfender shall be detained aiul worked in the manner authorized by this law lU' ordinance upon
such roads and public works until he shall have served such sentence, or shall be removed from the sanu'
by lawful authority.
ft. I'rovided always, and be it further enacted, that no person who shall have been born within the snid
colony or its dependencies, or who shall have arrived free therein, shall be liable, upon any sentence of trans-
portation passed for the first time upoTi any such offender, to be conveyed to any such penal settlement as
aforesaid, or kept to labour in irons on the roads or public works of the said colony, but that every such
otl'eiulcr shall for such first otfence be liable to be transported to such place beyond the seas within his
Majesty's don\inions as shall be duly a|)pointed for such purpi>se by the governor for the time being, in pur-
suance of the directions of the statute, and of his Majesty's order in council (fi. Geo. 4, c. I'i'J ; 1 1 Nov. IrtL'.i.
Proviso.) in such case respectively made and provided, and in such manner as such governor shall jrder and
direct ; and if iny such ofi'eniler shall, niter having been lu-dered to tie transported to such place beyond the
seas as aforesaid, be found at large within the limits of the said colony or its dependencies, before his or her
serrence of transportation >hall hnvt> expired, or shiill have been otherwise determined by lawful authority,
such offender shall, upon conviction before the Supri.ii;e Court of being uidawfully at large, contrary to the
provisions of this act or ordinance, be liable to he transported for the term of his or her natural life to sncli
penal settlement as the governor for the time being shall appoint, in liki inuner as other traiia, rted felons
under the provisions of this act or ordinance ; provided, however, that m. 'ling hereinbefore contained shall
he deemed or taken to apply to any order made by the governor for the time being for the transportiifion rf
any offender in lieu of capital punishment, but that any such offender may be transported to such place, lor
such term, and upon such conditions as such governor shall appoint and direct.
fi. And be it further enacted, that it shall lie lawful for the go\ernor tor the time being, by order in writ-
ing, duly made tor such purpose, to cause any oH'eiider wl n has been, or shall hereafter be, transpnrtid tn
any penal .settieinent, to be withdrawn from such penal ■■ ttlement and to be removed or conveyed to some
..ther penal settlement within the said colony or its dependencies, and there kept for the residue of his or her
sentence, subject and liable to the same laws, rules and regulations as if such offender had been originally
transported to such other penal settlement.
7. And be it further enacted, that alt persons who shall have been, or shall be, transported or removed as
aforesaid, to any pcttal buttlcment within the said colony or its dependencies, shall be under the custody and
'kf ^i~M
■■**^W
APPKNDIX v.— AIJSTRAI..A>1A.
1H7
ssions, an well
inp, by propor
ii'sc purposis,
V South \Viilcs
('nli's, witl) tho
)uncil of New
imth, (No y.)
iiiniimry .'uiris-
imI " an net lor
md sfiMirity nl
ituU'd " nil act
ft or orrlinaiicf
e governor luut
•Rsious in Now
n and after the
the Ist day of
lie done toiicli-
d or ordi red to
d colony unilcr
idcr the provi-
I other orders,
vernor in co\iii-
>hiill be revoiiid
\s a transported
[y, shall be coii-
mishable by the
t, be sentenced
lieu thereof, if a
f a female to he
ustody of female
of law upon any
■ the transporta-
lonveyed to s.iili
r ns the governor
'()t at such iieiml
)y lawful autliD-
(aid, to lal)onr in
o be placed ami
-eet and appoint,
ordinance upon
from the same
n within the?niil
entence of trans.
lal settlenu'iit as
that every such
; seas within his
\e beint;, in |)iir-
,t; 11 Nov. ISj.i.
mil jrder ami
l:\ce beyond the
before his or ht'r
lawful authority,
, contrary to the
tural life to such
rails, -rted felons
c contained shall
transportation of
o such place, for
by order in writ-
le, transported to
mveyed to some
iidueof hisorhor
d been originally
ed or removed a?
the custody awl
manaBement of a commandant or superintendent, duly appointed for such purpose by the govrnior for the
time beiuK ; and every such commamlant or superintendent shall have the same powi'rs over such ofTenders
as are incident to the otiice of sheriff or gaoler; and if any olfender shall, during such custody, be i;uilty of
misbehaviour or disorderly coiuluct, such coinmanilant or superintendent shall be authorized to intlict such
moderate punishment as shall be allowed by any rules and regulations, to be made from time to time, for
the management and discipline of such penal settlement by the governor, with the advice of the exeeutive
council ; and, subject to such rules, shall keep every olfender in his custody to labour, and duly provided
with food and clothing, according to a scale to be set forth in tlie said rules ; and in case of the absence of
any such commandant (jr supeiiutendent, or of the vacancy of his olVice, his powers and duties shall be exer-
cised and discharged in all respects by the otticer or person upon whom the command of buch penal settle-
ment shall devolve.
H. And be it further enacted, that it shall be lawful for any such commnnilaut or superintendent, at every
penal settlement as aforesaid, and every oHicer or person upon whom the command of the same may devolve,
to act in every respect as a justice of the peace, duly named and (pialitied as a justice of the peace, in and
for such penal settlement.
y. Whereas, by virtue of the provisions of a certain act of parliament, passed in the sixth year of the
reign of his late Majesty, and of his Majesty's order in council consetiuent thereon, the governor of New
South Wales did, by proclamation, bearing date the l.'ith day of August IHiiCi, appoint certain places within
the said colony or its dependencies to which oll'enders convicted in New South Walis, and being under sen-
tince or order of transportation, should be sent or transported ; and whereas it is expedient that no ship or
trading vessel should be permitted to enter or touch at, or btdd intercourse with, any such place or places ;
he it therefore enacted, that it shall not be lawful for any master, mariner, or other person conunanding, navi-
gating or sailing in any ship, vessel, or boat, to enter, touch at, or communicate with, the penal settlements
at Moreton Hay and Norfolk Island respectively, or with any other place or places within the said colony or
its de|)endencies to be appointed by the governor for the transportation of any olfender or oti'endors under
sentence or order of transportation made, or to be made, by any court or competent authority in New South
Wales, without the licence or peimissioTi in writing t)f the governor being lirst had and nbtained for such
purpose; and any person or persons who shall enter, toucli ut, or coninuuiicate with, any such place or
places as aforesai<l, shall be guilty of a misilenieanour, and, upcui being thereof duly convicted before the
Supreme Court of New South Wales, shall, for ivery such olVeiice, iTievir, and be liable to, a tiiu- not exceed-
ing 100', or to imprisoiunent for any time not exceeding one year, or to both, at the discretion of the said court.
10. And be it further enacted, that all pi'rscuis who have been, or shall be, ordered to be kept to labour in
irons, on the roads, or other public works of the colony, shall be under custody and maiuigement of super-
intendents, who shall be appointed for such purpose by the governor for the tinu' being , and every such
superintendent shall keej) every olfender in bis custcjdy to labour, and duly provided with food and clothing,
in conformity to such lules and regulations as the Governor, with the advice of the Executive Council,
shall from time to time institute in this In half.
11. And be it further enacted, that eviry female olfender who shall be committed by due course of law to
any goal or factory appointed by the Governor for the custody of female oll'enilers, shall be under the man-
agement of a matron or superintendent, to be appointed for such purpose by the (iovernur for the time
being, and such matron or superintendent shall observe and follow such rules and regulations in respect of
the care and keeping of such female olfendcrs as shall be established by the governor with the advice of the
executive council.
12. And be it further enacted, that it shall not be lawful for any person being under sentence for any
felony or transportable offence, to carry or have in his possession any tire-arms or other weapon of olTeiice,
except with the leave and consent in writing, aiul for the protection of the property of his master, employer,
or overseer ; and in every such consent as aforesaid, the place, time, occasion in and for which such arms
or other weapons are intended to be used, shall be truly aiul specifically stated; and if such person as
aforesaid shall hold a ticket of leave or other partial or temporary remission of sentence, except with the
like consent in writing of a justice of the peace of the district in which be may reside, such last-mentioned
consent to remain in force for three calendar nuuiths and no longer, and to bu renewed from time to tnne
as occasion may retjuire ; and if any such person shall i)e found with any fire-arms or other such weapon
u aforesaid in his possession contrary to this law or ordrnance, and without being able to prove that the
same was intended to be used for a lawful purpose, every such person "hall be guilty of felony, and being
thereof lawfully convicted, shall b-> transported to some penal sett.ement for the term of bis natural life.
13. And whereas robbers and housebreakers are greatly encouraged to commit felonies by persons who
make it their business to receive, hi..iiour and conceal such olfendcrs and their spoil ; be it therefore en-
acted, that if any person shall conceal or receive any goods, chattels, money, bdl, note, orttVects whatsoever,
that shall have been feloniously stolen by means of force, or putting in bodily fear, from the person, or
from the dwellin^j-house of another person, knowing the same to have been so stolen, every such person
shall be trpiisportcd for the term of his or her natural life ; and any person who shall receive, harbour, or
concea' any .such robber or housebreaker, knowing bin) to have committed any such felony, shall be taken
to he an accessory in such felony, and being thereof lawfully convicted shall .suffer death.
14. And whereas by a certain act or ordinance <jf the governor in council, passed in the loth year of the
reign of his late Majesty King George the Fourth, i -No. 7.) intituled, " An Act for instituting aiid regulating
Courts of General atid (Juarter Sessions in New South Wales," it i.s, anuuigst other things, provided, that
courts of general and (juarter sessions, for the colony in New South Wales shall be holden at the places
named in the said act ; and whereas it is expedient to amend the same : be it therefore enacred, that
courts of general (juarter sessions for the colony of New South Wales shall be holden at the tolluwing
places; that is to say, at Sydney, Farramatta, Campbell-town, Windsor, Maitlami, and Bathurst, and at
such other places within the said colony, and at such times respectively, as the govi;rnor for the time being
189
APPENDIX IV.— .\i:.srUAI,.ASlA.
I
shall, by a'ny prnclanmtion duly issued Tor such purpose, ajipniiit, ond nt nn other place whatsoever; ni,.|
that the snid severni niid r('S|iectivo courts shall liiive and exercise such ind the like jurisdiction nnd an.
thority, and shall he ciunposcd, nnd slinll proceed in nil respects in such ard the lilvi' iniuiner ns in mid liy
the said net or oidinniice, piisscd in the loth year of the reit^n of his said lute MnjesSy, is directeil nnd recpiirid.
If). And he it further enacted, thiit if any person who shall have In ee transporti'd or removed to Ni w
South Wales, or any of its de|)endencies, hy any court or competent authority, and whose sentence slmll
not have expired or heen reinittid, shidl he convicted in a simunnry wiiy hd'ore uny court of geueral (pinrfir
sessionsof any niisdenienniir or other oll'encc which, if cominitteil in I'.nijlnnd, would suhject such olh'iwltr
ujori conviction, either a lirat or second titru', to no hi(;lier decree of punishnu'Ut than iniprisonnu'ut, wiMi
luud lahour, every such idlVnder shall, at the discretion of the court, he sentenced either to suiter sucli
p\uusluneiit ns the law of Kuj^land has awarded to such otltiice, or in lieu thereof to he trans;)"rled fn a
penal settlement; or if a mule, to he worked in irons un the roads or public works of the colony for tliu
term of two ye.us.
If). And be it further et)acted, that any two or nu)re of his Mnjesty's justices Bssi(;ned to keep the poiire,
ns'-emhled nnd sittniK in open court at uny pince within the said colony, or its (lependencie>-, nppninted m
nuuuier hereinnfter mentioned (such court not heinpa court of ;;eneral (puuter sessiiuis as nfore-^niil), sl\;\l|
be (leeiiied to lie, nnd shall he, a court of petty sessions ; and I'very such court of petty sessions shall have
power and authority to take coanizaiice in a summary \\ay of all misiK meanours, pilferiiif^s from a muster ur
mistress, and simple Inicenies to the vnlie of any sum under .I/., which have been or .>hall lie c immitted bv
any felon or oll'ender transported or removed to the said cfilony or its dependencies, whose ser.tene Imtli
not expired or been remitted at the time of comiuittiii^ such oti'enee ; and also of all complaints nunic
B)!aiust such felon or otl'euder for drunkenness, disoliedieiice of orders, nei;lect of work, absconding froui th-
employment of Governuient or from the service of his or her master, abusive laiij;uase to his or her ina-tir
or overseer, or other disorderly or dishonest conduct ; and the said oll'ences respectively to punish ns lurv.
innfter directed.
17. And be it further enacted, that it shall and may he lawful for the governor for the- time heinp, hy any
notice published in the (jovernment (Jazette, to appoint places at which petty sessions shall be hiildcn,
and to luiminate one lit nnd proj^er person to be clerk to every such petty sessions, who shall attend t(i
discharge the duties of his uDice at the place for which he shall be nominated, and at no other plnci'
whatever.
IM. And be it further enacted, that every such otrender under sentence of transportation as aforesaid, wlm
shall be duly convicted in a summary manner before any two or more justices in petty sessions asseiuliliil.uf
ony misdemeanor, pilfering from a muster or mistress, or of any Inrceny ns aforesaid, shall, for n (it'it
oti'enee, be liable, if a male, to he whipped by the infliction of any number of lashes not exceeding .'lO, or to
he kept to labour in irons on the roa(ls or public works of the said colony, for any time luit less than six iinr
more than 12 calendar months ; or, it a female, tt) be imprisoned for a like time and kept to labour, in any
gaol or factory appointed hy the governor from time to time for the custody of female oU'enders; and every
such offender who shall be duly convicted ns aforesaid of drunkenness, disobedience of orders, neglect of
work, absconding from the employment of government, or from the service of his or her master, almsive
langunge to his or her nnster or overseer, or other disorderly or dishonest conduct, shnll, for a lirst olftiuc,
be liable, if a male, to be whipped by the inlliction of any number of lashes not exceeding .'' I) ; or to lie
worked on the tread-mil!, or imprisoned and kejit to hard labour for any time luit exceeding two cakiidnr
months, or to be kept in solitary couliuemeiit on bread nnd water, for any tiu'c not exceeding II days; or
if a female, to be imprisoned and kept to labour in any gnol or factory ns aforesaid, for any time not excei d.
ing two calendar months, or to be kept in solitary conlinenuMit, on brend and water, for any time not exrud-
ing 14 days, according to the several kinds and degrees of suclmtleiices respectively : and every such oU'eiiilfr
as afore.said, who shall be convicted before such justices as afoiesnid, a second time or oftencr, of any siali
misdemeaiuir, pilfering, Inrceny, druiikeniiess, disobedience, neglect, abusive Inugunge, or other disorderly or
dishonest conduct as aforesaid, shall be linble to hnvc hi.s or her punishment incrensed by the iiitlietlnii of
any additional number of lashes, or hy augmenting the time of working in irons, or on the tread-iuill, or of
confuiement, solitary or otherwise, according to the sex of the oll'ender nnd the degrge of the oll'ence, nml
as such justices shnll ndjudge : provided always, that such additional punishment shnll in no one ease lie
more than double the amount of punishment for which any such first offence is liable to be punished a^
aforesaid.
I'J. And be it further enactc., that every ofTcnder under sentence of transportation as aforesaid, who shall
be convicted before such justices in petty sessions, a secoiul time or oftener, of absconding from the employ-
ment of government, or from the service of his or her master or mistress, shull be liable, if a mule, to h;' kc|it
to labour in irons on the roads or public works of the said colony for 12 calendar months.
20. And whereas it freipiently linppens that transported felons abscond and absent themselves from ser-
vice, and cannot be apprehended until the term of their transportation has expired ; be it therefore enacted,
that as often as any person being under sentence of transportation or order of removal, shall nhsciind or
absent himself or herself from the service of his or her master or employer, every such person shall he liable
to be tried in a summary manner by or before any court or tribunal authorized by law to take cognizance oi
ofl'ences committed by transported olTenders, although at the time of such trial such sentence may have
expired, aiul being lawfully convicted of such absconding, shall be liable to serve for such and the like time
as such person absconded and was absent from the service of his or her master or employer, and shall he sub-
ject und liable to all such aiul the like punishnu'nts, ami to be dealt with in all respects as persons abscond-
ing during any subsisting sentence are liable to by this law or (udinnnce.
21. And be it further enacted, that 24 hours' absence from the em|)loyment of government, or from pri-
vate service, without due leave having been first obtained for such purpose, shall be deemed an abscondin.',
and shall ronder every transported felon or oll'ender so absent liable to the penalties thereof ; and if an;
master, superin
and to the neir
vice<)r superiiit
intendeut, or n\
ri(ir more than
iwh tine to be f
the .same.
22. And be i
riMimved to any
riijdiiy, or impri
aforesaid, shall
factory, every si
sioiis, be liable,
and to !»e forthv
escaped, there 1
returned to the
water, for any ti
she shull have S(
shall have escap
exempt any suci
2H. And wlu'i
fenced to labour
fniin working
traeted, in order
any such senteu
tract the cure of
every such oHciu
of the pence, sha
or otherwise disr
tificate, under th
of nrul henttendi
cdly prevented o
suHiuient jiroof t
24. And be it
sessions as afore;
lawful for any U\
diately put in iro
nearest iron-gniu
time for which hi
such warrant, re(
time specified the
rant shall he sign
such offender, no
offender in irons,
2.''). And be it
dor who may be i
of government, o
and pay for every
sumninry way bel
moiety to the pe
under sentence o
than 100 lushes,
months ; or, if a
nor for the custo(
2(i. And where
the legislative co
the bench ; it is li
justices in potty $(
27. And be it f
said colonics and i
other county disti
power and authoi
ported felon or of
for drunkenness, (
or the service of h
dishonest conduct
the kind and degn
ment of transportc
petty sessions.
'■!>*. And for tht
felons and oli'ende
AriM'.Nl.'lX v.— Ar?,TRAI,-ASIA.
1«9
latsoevcr; n\A
iction mill mi-
' ns in iiikI liy
il nnd rr<iinn .;.
•iriDvcil to Ni v
' Sl'Iltl'IICf ^ll..l|
tji'iiiTftl (|iinilir
■t such oll'i'iiilt r
isoiinu'iit, \vi'!i
r to sullVr Mirh
rnns;)'>rtc(l tn «
; colony I'm' tlir
ki'i'i) the |i('i\(Y,
r>^, n|i|ii>iiiti il III
Ht'orc^niil I, slm'tl
sioiV't shiill liiiM'
iimi a nmstcr nr
ic c inmiittiMl l)v
)se scr.toni' liiiili
Dinplaiiits iiuido
(Milling I'rinii th"
is or lier nm-tir
|ninibli as hrri'-
int' liiinp, bv any
shall hi' holiliH,
11 simll atli'ii'l t.i
; no othiT plnci
as afoiTsaiil, whii
ins asseinhli'il, uf
shall, for a fir^t
Cfc'ding fid, or to
less tliali six nor
to labour, in any
iiders ; and every
)rders, ncglict of
■ master, abusive
or a lirst oll'enci',
ins r I) ; or tii lie
linR two call Hilar
ding M days; or
time not exceed-
time not exceed-
ery such otlendfr
eiier, of any siieli
lur disorderly »r
the iiillictiniiof
' tread-Uiill, urof
the ollence, and
I no one ease k
o be punished a>
krcsaid, who shall
Ifrom the employ-
male, to hi- kcjit
jiselvcs from ?cr-
therefore enacted,
shall abscond or
Lon shall be liable
jnke copni/anee oi
Tntcnce may havo
[and the like time
land shall be sub.
Ipcrsons abscond-
lent, or from pri- 1
ed an abscondiii.',
lereof; andifan>
niaster, Riiperintmdent, or overftcer shall fail or neglect to report to the prinri|inl superintendent of convicti,
nnil to the nenrest jistieeof the peace, the absentim; or abseondin'; of any ^iich person fniin his or her ser-
vice or superintendence, within three days niter such abseondinc; ns aforesaid, such master, employer, super-
intendent, or overseer slmll, for every such failure or neu'lect, forfeit and pay a suin ot nm less thmi than .'>/.
nor more th:ni 10'., to he recovered iri » summary wny betore any two jnsfiees of the pence ; one n'oiety of
inch fine to he for the use of the king, and the otluT moiety to the person or persons informing or suing for
the same.
liii. And be it further enacted, that if any offender who nhall have been, or who shall be, transported or
removed to any penal settlement, or put to labour in irons on the ronds or other public works of the said
eilnuy, or imprisiuied in any gaol or factory, .ippninted by the governor for the cust !y of frmnle oirnders as
aloresaiil, shall escape from such penal :.eftleiiieiit, or from such roads or public works, or from such caol or
factory, every such olfender shall, upon summary convietiun before any two or more jus'iccs in petty ses-
sions, he liablf, if a mule, to be publicly whipped by the iiitliction of nnv number of lashes nut exceediiij KIO,
and to ')e forthwith transported or seeit buck to the penal settlement, roads, or place of work from whirh he
iscaped, there to receive the punishment to which he shall have been sentenced ; or, if a female, to he
returned to the plnce of continemeut from which she escaped, and kept in solitary conlliu'meiit on bread and
water, for any time not exceediii!: one calendar month; and every such olfender shall be detained un'il he or
she shall have served the full measure of bis or her sentences, as well as of the time diirini; wliith he or she
shall have escaped or been absent : provided always, that nothiiij; herein contaiiiid shall be construed to
exempt any such olfender so escnpiii!; from n.iy other |)ui)isliment to which he or she may be liable by law.
•2'.\. And whereas it fre(|uently happens that persons under si nteii-.e of transpirtation, and persons sen-
tenced to labour on the roads or other iiublic work.< of the said colony, either wili'ully disable themselves
Iriini working, or desij^nedly prevent or protract the cure of any diseasi' or complaint which they have con-
tracted, in order to evade servitude; be it then fore furtlu r enacted, that in <'ase anv person, liiiivj; under
any such sentence as aforesaid, shall wilfully disable himself or herself, or tbnll desiu'iiedly iirevent or pro-
tract the cure of any disease or complaint which be or she may have contracted, in order to evade servitude,
every such offender, beins; summarily convicted of such otlVuce before nny one or more justice or justices
of the peace, shall be liable to serve fir such further time as such person shall have been absent at hoopital,
or otherwise disabled from scrvini; his or her niaster or employer as aforesaid ; .md in every such case a cer-
tificate, under the hand of the principal oi other siir'j;(oii of the hospital or district who shall have the care
of and be attending upon such person, that he or she h. d so wilfully disabled himself or herself, or design-
edly prevented or protracted his or her cure of any such disease or coniplaint as aforesaid, shall be deemed
suflicient proof of smdi offence.
:i4. Anel be it further enacted, that whenever any off' nder shall be convicted before the justices in petty
sessions as aforesaid, and senter.ced to hard labour in irons on the roads or public works, it shall and may be
lawful for any two or more of such justices to order, if they shall think fit, every such offender to be imme-
diately put in irons ; and such justices, by warrant under their hands, shall direct that be be conveyed to the
nearest iron-gang, nnd be there delivered over to the superintendent, to be kept at labour in irons for the
time for which he shall have been sentenced ; and every such superintendent shall, under the authority of
such warrant, receive every offender so committed to his charge, and keep him to labour in irons for the
time specified therein, unless sooner released by due course of law : provided always, that (>very such war-
rant shall bo signed by at least two justices who tried and sentenced the offender, and that whenever any
such offender, not being in irons, shall be delivered over to any superintendent, he shall forthwith put «uch
offender in irons, and keep him to labour as hereinbefcire directed.
2^1. And be it further enacted, that if any person shall harbour or conceal any transported felon or offen-
der who may be illegally at large, or shall seduce or excite any such person to abscond from the I'lnployment
of government, or the service of his or her master or mistress, every such person so offeuiling shall forfeit
and pay for every such offence a jicnalty or sum not less than .")'. nor more than 1(1/., to be recovered in a
summary way before any twojustices of the jieace ; one moiety to be appropriated to the king, and the other
moiety to tfie person who may first inform or sue for the same ; and if such offender shall be a convict
under sentence of transportation, he shall be liable, if a male, to be whipped, by the intlictirn of not more
than l()(» Jashes, or to be worked in iions upon the roads or public works of the colony for 12 calendar
months ; or, if a female, to be imprisoned and kept to labour in any gnol or factory appointed by the gover-
nor for the custody of female olfenders, for 12 calendar months,
2(i. And whereas by certain acts or ordinances of the fovernor of New South Wales, with the idvicc of
the legislative council, certain duties are rerpiired to be performed by benches of magistrates and clerks of
the bench ; it is hereby enacted and declared, that the said duties shall henceforth In? performed h/ the said
justices in petty sessions assembled, and by the clerks of petty sessions respectively.
27. And be it further enacted, that any one of bis Majesty's justices assigned to keep the peace within the
said colonies and its dependencies, shall, within the county, ilirtrict, or place wherein he shall reside, or in any
other county district or p'acc adjacent thereto wherein there shall be no justice of the peace residine, have
power and authoi..^ * ' lake cognizance in a summary way, of all complaints made against any such trans-
ported felon or ofVendcr as aforesaid, whose sentence shall not have expired or been remitted as aforesaid,
for drunkenness, disofiedicnce of orders, neglect of work, absconding from the employment of govcrnuient,
orthc service of his or her master, abusive language to his or her master, or overseer, or other disorderly or
dishonest conduct ; nnd the said olfences respectively to ]iunish in such and the like manner, according to
the kind and degree of the offence, as in and by this law or ordinance is provided and limited for the punish-
ment of transported felons or olfenders convicted of a lirst offence before nny two or more justice;; sitting in
petty sessions.
2H. And for the better ordering of offenders sentenced to work in irons as aforesaid, and of transported
felons and olfenders employed to work upon the roads, or other public works of the colony, whose stations
ll
;
m
I if
'S 'il.'
1! i
.-uJl.
■ i.!
I!I0
AITKNniX V.—AUSTRAI-ASIA.
ill
an' frpr|uotitly remote from the plaren wlirri' potty Rctiiionii are appointi'd to be holilen, or where mRKi<>triti'i
resiiU' ; it in hrri'liy riirther enitctiMi niiil ilcclnrcil, that niiy mirvi-yi • iir O'lsistaiit-mirvryor of roadu, fieinn m,
ollUrr ill the tiirvcyor-Ki'iii'ml'it <li-pnrtiiii'iit, i> .il duly Hppi)iiil..1 liy wrif^nn uiiilcr tlic liaiid oltlii' KoviTiior
fur the time liciiiK. in thiit ln'liiilf, at wfll «» ai y juttii-cof tin- \m ••<• ^^lrtlr( mid I'oloiiy, nhall have power hihI
Biithcirlty to hold ii (•oiirt Iroiu tiiiu- fotinif, at the plat'r whciv any iron gaiiKor road- party shall he stntiini ,i
and to hear ill a Huniiiinry way any coiiiplaiiit on oath, liroiiKht hy the tKiperiiitendcnt, overHeir, or aitiiiiitiiiit.
overscur id iiiirh iroii-KaiiK or road party, iiuiiiiist any traiiHpoitnl Iclon or otU'iidiT in hiii churgc, for reliiHiiig
or ni'Kli'ctiiii; to work, driinkenni nk, diHohedieiicc of onlerH, or mich other disorderly or diKhnncxt eoiiiliirt ;
and ii|M>n convictidn, tlien and there to imiiish tite odeiider hy whippini,', not exceeilint; 50 liiHhet, to he iii!
Ilitted hy a constahle, or other per-^on appointed for such purpose; proviiled alwayn, that a IiiIIrihI siitllcii nt
reeoi'd of every niieh eonvictioii and puninhnient shall he made, and transmitted to the proper oDlecr, ai here-
inafter direeled.
1"./. And he it further enaeted and deelared, that nothing herein mentioned tliall be deemed to auth iri/.c
any jiistieeor juntiees toexereNe any nueh jiiriiidietion an afureHaid, ie any case uf any audi felon or oireiidir
an afore!<aid who shall he in the set vice of any such jiistiee.
.'»(>. I'rovided alwavH, and lie it further enaeted and deelared, that, m >^-'>y^ herein contained nIiuII he ileetnnj
or taken to interfere with the tummary jurisdiction vested in any justice or justices of the peace hy any other
act or ordiiinnce, which may now, or at any other time hereultei, he in f^rce in the said colony,
31. And he it further enacted, that in every ease in which any wliippiiiK shall he ordered hy the sentence
of any two or more justices i petty sessions assembled, or of any oi;e justice as aforesaid, it shall he the duty
of the chief or any other con-table of the district in which such sentence slmll be passed, duly and siilli.
<'iently the same to inllict, or cause to be inllicted, upon pain of forfeitiii); -tO.i., over and above any iitlier
punishment to which he may he liable for neglect of duty; to he recovered in a sumiiiary way, before any
one justice of the peace, and be levied hy distress and sale of the offender's floods.
;<2. And he it lurther enacted, that such and the like record* of the names of all such felons or offenders »<
nfiM'CSHid, who may be coiivicfid in a summary way before any two or more justices of the peace sittint; m
petty sessions, or before any one justice, surveyor or ii.'isistant-surveyor of the roads as aforesaid, shiill Ik'
kept in books to he provided for that purpose, in such and the like form, and returns thereof shall be tiani-
niitted in like manner ns in niid by the >nid law or ordinance, passed in the tenth year of the reiKH of hn
said late Majesty, is directed and reipiired.
.'til. And be it further enacted, that if any clerk of the pence or clerk of petty sessions wliose duty it is ami
is hereby declared to be to keep such records and make such retuins us aforesaid; or if any justice or jii*.
ticcs, surveyor or assistant-surveyor of roads, wliere there shall be im muIi clerk, shall fail to keep, or cami'
to be kept, such and the like records as by the said last-ineiitioiied law or ordinance are rerpiired ; or to inakr
<ir cause to be made, such and the like returns as therein are directed, he or they shall respectively forliit
for every such failure a penalty or sum of 'i/ , to be sued for and recovered in the supreme court, and ajipru-
printed In like inanner as other lines and pciinlties.
',H. And be it further enacted, that as id'ten as any person or persons, being under sentence for any feiiiny
or transportable olfeiice, shall be siibseipienlly convicted of any felony or ollence, and shall be adjudged iiiiil
ordered to be punisheil in pursuance of this law or ordinance, the term or time of enduring such suhse(|iiiiit
aentence sh'ill not be concurrent with such lirst sentence, but shall be in addition to the same; and every
such offender shall I.e further detained until he or she shall have served the full term and time of Ixitli sen-
t.'nces, and so on us often as he or she shall he convicted us aforesaid ; and shall also be liable to he (iiait
with ill all respects as a transported felcui.
:jri. Anil whereas) it is expedient to deline the ""Rree of proof which shall ''C deemed sufficient to establish
the fact of person, haviin; been transported as co.ivicts ; be it therefore enacted, that as often as any (pus-
tion shall arise, in any court in the .-taid colony, whether any person is or hath been a transported felon or
offeniler, the iuilenv or instrument in wr tinj; commonly eulied an indent, purporting to contain the iiiiint',
otrenceand sentence, or order of transportation of any such person to New South Wales or its depi luleiicics,
or an examined copy of ^j much thereof as may be necessary for the occasion, shall, upon the productiun
thereof before such co'irt, toge^ber with due proof that such indi'iit or instrument in writin<; hnth been ili'|iii-
sited and kept in the o'Vice of the colonial secretary for the said colony, or other proper otlice for such pur-
jiose, as an authentic im trument, and that such oU'ender or person therein nair.'d arrived in the said colony
or its depeiideneies as a transported felon or otVender, and wts re|iuted to be and dealt with as the person
described in such indent or instrument in ■vritinj!;, be received and admitted as sutttcient evidence in siiiii
court of every such person as aforesaid, toiivhing whom such rpiestion shall arise, beiii); or having lucii a
trans|:.t.i'ted felon or oti'ender fui the term or time in such indent nuntioned ; and as often us any such (pics-
tion shall arise whether any persL»ii whall have been tiaiisport<'d to Van Diemen's Land or its depeiuleiicits,
then the production of the order of leiuovnl or written document, under and by virtue of which such person
shall have '.e'T. removed or sent fr')i)i Van Diemen's Land or its dependencies, to New South Wales or
its dependi'iit es, or an examined copy of so miicdi thereof as may be necessary, together with ilue priMil
that such written order or document hnth been kept 'n the proper otlice for such purpose, and that sMih
person arrived in New South Wales or its dependencies, ns a transported felon or offender, and was rc'|iutecl
to be and dealt with as the person described in such written order or document, be in like manner receivul
and nilmitted as sufficient evidence of such person having been transported to Van Diemen's Uiiid or its
dependencies, for the term or time in such written order or document mentioned ; and if any clerk or other
person siiall alter any such ifident or instrument in writing, written order or document as nforesaiu, ur pro-
duce in such court as aforesaid any fills? or counterfeit indent or instrument in writing, written onlcror
document as nfoiesuid, or copy tbereid', knowing the same to be false or counterfeit, every such ollundtr
shall be guilty ot felony, and being lawfully convicted thereof, slmll be lialile, at the discretion of the court,
to he transported for seven years, or to be imprisoned for any term not exceeding two years, and to he once,
twice or thrice publicly whipped, if the court shall think fit, in addition to such imprisonment.
•'Ifi. And w
ileis, holding
iilidi-r HenteiK
"f such KcMlei
111 New .Siiutli
of leave (ir iif
(lid mny main
(lersiinal or nu
lulled by siieli
or nlleu'e iu hi
«loill hIUxv am
|)iis», and juilgi
raised the I,
.innitiil Ciinli
I"' received nf tl
aiid I'oiivicl serv
liming I:' cnlen
/'niri.iii,ii.i, —
ipwrt of rum.
;.'. 'I'he ration
Irartor having tl
'xif, I ()/. hrowi
•'). 'I'he ration
I'nilcy bread, fhi
imuv nieiil, 12 (1
!• female con
vixelnhles, i, ,>/,
■'• l'"or childli'i
I' 'ze meal, I pii
•'■ I'or ehildrei
1 i«. yellow Konp
?• l-'or chilili, M
(Gratuity i.ssue.l
—4 oz. lea, J 4 (I
H. h'liiiiti^f. 'I'll
grass liny, I lbs, v
'J. I'iK-l „h4 l.iu
<Ji|> e.iiidles, cottoi
HI. /•'.«;■ Hi'^iiil,,
""iltlii.d ipialitv,
i'ftitliles, per lb'. ;
I'lislul I straw for
II. Sii/>iitiis fur
iiiit., wheaten mei
''ai'''||, per 100 lbs,
CiillitilliiUH. Q,i
'lualiiy <d' the r sev
-• The bread (oi
''■"■'I'v, and iiDiix.',
Iii'bciii exiracti ,1
'"'■ad ill lonves ol .I
■■f- The fresh m,
"'■''l>l.v ; deliv(rnl,!(
regions the heel i.s r
»'"! wliin Miithorize
^' The maize iiicl
•''• The ve-ctabli..
'"h'|iiu|i. Iff ions ol
Till rum to be W
lIIic following Oilic
His exeellencv
•^'•»- South Wales, h
C'iuny under the ch;
"»t uf?;cer to the ass
AI'PF.NDIX v.— .\» .sTllAf.-ASIA
I'JI
rrc maKi'ttritct
oniU, \mivi Hii
if the K"*"''!'"''
iiivu power Hiiil
ill he station- .1,
r, or aHxiHlnnt-
gt', for ri'liiHiiiK
IllCilt COIIllllCt ',
lishrt, to he 111-
II mill siiincH III
<in\ccr, u herC'
I'd to auth'irizi'
.'Ion or offviiiUr
tlull he dfcmril
cv hy any other
iy-
hy till' Kcntciice
hull hi' the ililty
, duly uiiil siilli-
diovc iiiiy "tint
way, hcfori' any
n or olTi'iultTH iH
piuce sittiiit; In
orcHuid, shnll l)e
i)f shall hi' traiis-
Ihu ri'i(?n of lut
wo duty it i» and
ly justice or jus-
to keep, or luusi'
iri'd ; or toninki'
spi'ctively lorli'it
:ourt, and appro-
ICC for any fiUmy
he HiljiulKcd imd
sucli 8uhsc(piiiit
name ; and i very
line of txith sin-
linhle to he liialt
.16. And wlirrea* It in cxprrlient to cxtind the prntcction atfordcd hy law to traniporti'd frhm* or ojTeii.
tli'iit, htililmt; n nil'<«ion« of the vvlxdi , or port of thiirtrrinof tinh«piirt»liiin, tn hucIi fclniis or oilVtidera
under Hentrnct of frMniportiitloii to Ni w South WiiIch, i\t ohiill Imlil nny tenipornry or rcvoinhle rcMilH>|on
• >f iMK'h Kciitencc : he it tluiifore emu tid, »hnl every felon or otIVnder under lenteiu'e of tiiiii'porfiiiiiiii
to New Smith NValen, v^lio hIiiiII IiiiIiI iiiiy temporary or piirtiiil leiulH'ti in of itueh itniteiiee, either liy ticket-
i)f leave or of exeinptmii, or any other form, Iriim the uovernor of the ^aid eolwiiy for thi' time hein;;, shall
iiiil limy inaintniii any aeliiui or suit in nn> court of the xnid cilony, for the recovery of niiy pnipcrty, real,
|ii'r!«>tuil or mi\ed, !icr|uired hy such fi'lon since Ins or her remisi-iiin, ami for any dimii^e nr hijury sun.
huiied hy tuieh felon since his or her remissinii ; nml if the detVndnnt in any siieh action or suit hhiiil plead
or allege in hi.i di'fence the plniniilf's or (rompliiimint's conviction of fi Imiy, and the plniiitiH' or coiii|ilaiiiiint
ilmll alliTe and prove tliat he or she hath recei\iil and doth hold huiIi remission us iiforcsuid, a verdict Nh*ll
liiLis, and juil;{einent :ih ill he t;iveu hir the pliiiiitilf or complalnunt.
liii liditt liuiiike,
I'a'mcd the I.e)(iiilnti /e council, thi» J Itli day of Augiiitt Ih.'(l>.
/'.'. I)fti.\ Tliiimvim, Clerk of the ('ouncil.
Annmil Cimlmi'U. — (.'oininlssariat-ofncr, Sydney, 1st January |Ha7.-N(i»icc l^ herehy uiven, tii.it tetiili rs will
Ik' received at this oflU'c until WeiliieMliiy the l.'illi ihiy of Kehruarv, at noon, fur lurnishiiii; lor tlie mililiiry
iiiideonvi<'l service ill the several districts the (iippiicH umleiinentioned, in hiicIi i|Uiintitli s ns may he rupiired
durini? 11' calendar nioiitliH, coinmencinK the l>t April next, under the conditions heri'iilter spccilled, \i/, : —
l'n>ri.iiiin.\. — I. 'riie militaiy ration heini; — 1 Ih. fresh meat, I III. of wheateii hread, I -7 of an imperial
ijii.irt of ruiii.
•J. I'he ration for mule convict* heinR — 12 o/s. whcafcn hread, II o/s. mai/e or harley hread, flu cmi-
Irnctor having the option of (jiviiiR '.Ml oz-. of wheateii hread for the whole; H ozs. niaixe meal, 1 Ih. fresh
Isrf, I o/. hriiwii su^ar, ) o/. salt, | o/. yellow soup.
II. 'I'he ration for fiuiale conviels in the ^n^t and t'ecoml cIiishcs — Hi nzs. wheateii Iiiiail, 10 ozs. maize or
Imrley hread, the con'ractor haviiii; the optimi of ({'vin« !•'• ozs. of wheiiten hniid hir the wliidi' ; Co/,:;.
iimi,<e meal, U' o/s, Iresh hei I, H o/s. vegelaliles, A oz. salt, I i oz. hrowii siiiiar, i oz. tea, ', oz. yellow soap.
I. reinale convicts in the thiril class — lii. ozs wheatt n hread, 12 ozs. mni/e meal, 4 oz». fresh heef, m oz«.
\('L'elnhh'S, I, oz. salt, ', oz. vellow soap.
:>. I''(ir children of two years ami upwards — m i,/». wheateii hreud, hest (|uality, l ozs. fresh hei f, I ozs.
II 'ze meal, I pint milk, I oz. yidlow soap.
t.. l''or children under two years — H ozs. wheaten hreud, hest (juality, 4 ozs. fresh heef, 1 pint milk,
I ()/.. yellow sonp.
7. l-'iir children iindiT nine months — 1'< ozs. vvheatcn hrend, host (pinlity, .', pint milk, ', oz. yi llnw snap.
(iiuluity l.^^uell to convict mechuiiics, (authority Colonial Secretary's Letter, No. ;t7 fl,'!, I.'i June Ih;<7,)
— ^ iiz. tea, L' i ozs. sll^,'ar, \ oz. tohaceo, daily.
H. h'liKitir. The ration otrorai;e hein^ — « Ihs. id' maize or barley, 4 lbs. hran, 12 Ihs. of oaten or cultivated
grass hay, 4 Ihs, wheati'ii straw.
'J. I'lii-l <ind l,ii;lit. Firewiiod, inr liiO llis. ; sperm oil, common oil, per imperial gallon; mould candles,
dip candles, cotton wick, per Ih.
III. A'.i;- //(.«/)i/(//v, ,Sc. rresh heef, fresh mutton, innize meal, the hest whenteii hread, hread of Mcond
and thiid (lualily, ai row root, sii^o, rice, tea, siiyar, oiitmeal, suit, yellow soap, pearl harley, tolmeco, se-
'.'ttaltles, per Ih. ; milk, pi r (piiirt ; port \^ine, per dozen; vim gar, per iiMperiul gallon; roach lime, per
biisliil ; straw lor lieddiiif;, per lud Ihs.
II. .S'm/7(/<c.« y'oc jiriiiil .ti'illniiiiils. — (To he included in thi' Sydney Histrict.) — Whcaten meal, 20 per
nat., wheateii meal, 10 per ci'lit., maize meal, ihtto, maize hiscuit, siiyar, tea, rice, soap, coloniiil linf tu-
Imc'K, per 1(1(1 Ihs. ; rum, per imperial nalloii ; to he piickeil and ^llipped at tlie expense of the contiaitor.
('iniilitidiii. — {jiKitiiifH III' lUe supi>liv», — I. All tlie articles rei)uired liy tliis notice are to he of the best
(luality of the r several kinds.
2. 'ilic hread for all the purposes ahove stated must he the p.oduce of clean, sound, culonlal wheat,
'inrli'v, and iiiniz', from which, on the military ration 20 per cent , and on the convict ration loperceiit.,
Ills lii'i 11 extracted in hran and wasti'. The wheal en hread to he mude in loaves of :{ Ihs., and the mixed
I'liad ill loaves of W, His. each, and baked 24 hours hetore heiii^ issued.
3. riu' Iresh meat fur rhemilitnry ration to hi' in the proportion of .'') Ihs. of h.>ef, and 2 His. of mutton
I ovrkly ; delivi'iahle alternately in fore and hind (piarters, when the (piantity admits of it; for the convict
utiiiiis the lu el Is reciuired 111 the same manner ; suited bi'cf beinj; is.sued oiily in summer to roud parlies,
I uid will II HUthorlzed
•I. The maize meal to be similar in ipcdity to the whcaten menl, and to he twice irrouiid.
.''. The ve4;itahles for the hospitals iinil other establishments eiililled thereto to he supplied in reason-
I iiili' |iri)p'ii-tions of potatoes, jirci'iis, pumpkins, onions, &c.
Tlie rum to be West India, live per cent, under proof.
I 'Tilt' following OlVicial nocuments shew the discipline and treatment of the convicts in New South Wales,
who are employed upon the roads and public works.]
Ilead-(|Uaiters, Syiliuy, Oct. I, |.>*.'t7.
His excellency lieutenant- general Sir Ricliard Hourkc, K.c.n., Kovernor, and commandini; the forces in
iNrw South Wales, havim; hocii pleased to place the ciMistruction nml repair of roads iiiid hrid^;es within the
lo'luny under the charge of the CO, nmandin;^ royal eii',;ineer ; the following instructions are to he issued by
[lliat officer to the assistant engineers under his onlcrs.
Hy his excellency's coiuinnnd,
K, Snodicnua, Colonel, major of biigude.
b b
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i
|i
Iiiil'
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
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^ .^^4p.
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%
1.0
I.;
L^IM |2.5
■so "^™ H^H
2.0
^ 1^
!^ US,
III
1.8
1.25 1.4
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6" -
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Hiotographic
Sdences
Corporation
«v
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4^
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\
23 WEST MAIN STREET
WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80
(716) 872-4503
l')2
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
Instructions fnr Assistant Engineers. — Military oflicers employed upon the roads and public works in New
South Wales as assistant engineers and sui)erintendents of ironed gangs, have three distinct duties to perform :
that which rehites to the military command of the detachment under their orders ; that which regards the
safe custody and discii)line of the convi('ts whom they have to keep at hard labour; and that which embraces
the actual execution of the work, according to instructions received from the commanding royal cnfineer.
Instructions are here given for the ))crformaiice of the two first of these duties, under heads marked respec-
tively A and B. The instructions of the commanding royal engineer relating to the execution of the work
will be conveyed by him to the assistant engineers, as occasion requires.
Instructiims (A). — 1. The officer will discharge his military duty in strict conformity to the rules of the
service, and the standing orders of this command, and will accordingly make the reports, and send in the
returns required of him by the major of brigade and the comnianding officer of his regiment.
2. He will take such measures in the exercise of his military command, for the safe custody of the con-
victs over whom his guard is placed, as are contained in these instructions, or as he shall be required to do
by the major of brigade or other staff officer, conveying the orders of the general officer in command, or as
the practice of the service shall dictate. In the discharge of this most important duty, he will be hi'ld
strictly responsible for any act or omission, by which the escape of a convict may be rendered i)racticablp.
3. The officer will divide the men fit for duty in his detachment, as nearly as circumstances will i)erniit,
into three parties, of which one, under the command of a non-commissioned officer, is to proceed with the
convicts to work, and is to furnish all the sentries over them whilst at work, and going to and returning from
it. This will be a day duty only, ceasing on the return of the convicts from work in the evening. A second
party also, under the command of anon commissioned officer, is to take all the duties of the stockade for 24
hours, furnishing the day and night sentries that may be required. The third will he off duty, excepting
cooks, men required to clean barracks, and other duties of the kind. This arrangement will give the men
two nights in bed ; but should it be re(|uired for the safe keeping of the convicts to augment the number of
the sentries, the officer will put as many men on duty as he shall find necessary, reporting the case to the
brigade major, at Sydney, in order that the detachment may be reinforced.
4. When the convicts are brought in for meals, the stockade guard will furnish the sentries over them, to
allow the working guard time for meals and rest.
5. If the stockade guard shall be of greater strength during the day than is required for the number of
sentries it has to furnish, the officer may, at his di.scretion, allow the disposable men to form an inlying
piquet, remaining in barracks, ready to be called out at a moment's warning, for patroles or any other duty.
6. The foregoing instructions apply to detachments which are not called to perform any other duty than
to guard ironed gangs. Where other duty is required, additional instructions will be furnished by the bri-
gade major.
7. The stockade guard will be relieved in the morning on working days, when the convicts are about to
proceed to work, when both old and new guards will be under arms.
8. The guards will mount with loaded muskets and fixed bayonets, and each man is to have 10 rounds of
ball cartridge in his pouch. The convicts, at each time of going out to work, will be counted over by the
Serjeant of the stockade to the non-commissioned officer commandnig the guard, before he quits the place,
who will give a receipt for the number. They will be again counted on returning from work. If right, the 1
receipt will be cancelled; if any be missing, steps will be immediately taken, as directed in paragraph 17 of
these instructions.
9. The officer will see «uch sentries posteJ over the convicts when at work, and will give such orders to I
the non-commissioned officer respecting them, as shall render the escape of a convict impracticable, if due
vigilance be observed. He will also take care tiiat the convicts be sufficiently guarded, in proceeding to and
returning from work ; that they move on those occasions at a quick pace, and that none are allowed to |
loiter or remain behind, under any pretence whatsoever.
10. It will be the duty of the officer to regulate the distribution of the work, so as to avoid breaking up i
the gang into small detached parties, but where it may be unavoidable, such detached parties, if consisting!
of more than one convict (unless when two or more are fastened on a chain, as hereinafter mentioned),!
shall never be sent to work under the charge of one soldier only.
11. When convicts in irons are fastened to a chain, to be marched from one plp.oe to another, or if theyl
can, under any circumstances, be worked when so fastened, one soldier will be considered a sufficient guaiilj
for a detached party of eight convicts ; but in such case, the greatest care must be taken that their irons aief
perfect, and that they are securely fastened to the chain. If marching without being intended to work, the
convicts are to be handcuffed when fastened to the chain.
12. When the convicts arc within the stockade, the officers will direct sentries to be posted at the woodcnl
houses, and to be so placed as to have every part of those buildings, at all times, in view of one or other ofj
the sentries. The convicts will be ordered to keep silence, and the sentries will turn out the guard, aiul tliel
non-commissioned officer report if any noise be made within the bouses at any time of day or night. llpdiJ
such report, the officer or non- commissioned officer in charge, will take the most efficacious means to restoref
silence, and the officer will punish any convict found transgressing. It is essential to the safe custody of tli(j
prisoners that this order be strictly attended to.
13. In like manner, when the convicts are at meals, he will post sufficient sentries for securing thcmJ
giving orders that the strictest silence be observed at those times ; and on Saturdays, when the convicts ai
allowed to wash, great caution is necessary to prevent escape.
14. The officer will himself visit, and will direct the serjeant of the detachment to visit the guard aiiJ
sentries both by day and night, and will order the non-commissioned officers commanding guards, to iiotJ
and report for trial any convict who shall neglect his work, or be guilty of any disorderly or improper coal
duct.
l.l. He will have a sentry constantly mounted over the arms, and will use every precaution to prevent tlij
convicts from
preserve the ft
I'i. In case
under commiti
cuffs are well s
17. If a con
att'ly sent out
iKiurhood, that
of brigade an(
escape, and all
formed, reporti
circumstances
May, 1832, No
1«. The ollic
charge, as alwa
his command sc
post under any
19. The olfici
month, aecordir
opporfunity.
20. The posit
arrangement of
maniling, no alt
Any damage doi
lations of the sc
21. The office
of every part of
22. The order
not only when t
leave of absence
Instrurliom (1
legal custody of i
vernor under the
victs in ironed gi
punished by the
work, absconding
2. He will kee
him, in conform!
3. If the office
road parties he h
is required for tl
peace in the neig
4- When any (
vcrnor'.s warrant,
offender taken b(
strict exercise of
gangs in proper o
5. Convicts in
four wooden hous
shed, form what i
hut which ha< bee
the angles of the
'5. With regard
officer will stricti)
7. Escapes beir
to inspect and car
«"y, or by a non-
the stockade, and
a non-commission
anything made of
money he may fin
and anything wha
mine the strength
shall find insuffic
engineer.
8. If a convict
tempt an escape, 1
manner as may se(
9- The ofli..er is
«mi if he finds any
s over them, to
ts are about to
tion to prevent til
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
19,1
convicts from making a rush on any guard or sentry near them, by keeping both at such a distance, as to
preserve the free hut sure use of their fire-arms.
\f>. In case it shall be necessary to send convicts away under escort to a colonial hospital, or to prison
under committal for any heavy offence, or on any other occasion, the officer will take care that their hand-
cuffs are well seriirod and attached to a marching chain before the convicts move off.
17. If a convict should escape (which, with due vigilance is hardly possible), patroles are to he immedi-
ately sent out in all directions, information is to he given to any justice of the peace or settler, in the neigh-
bourhood, that a hue and cry may be raised, and reports are to be made by the first opportunity to the major
of brigade and commanding royal engineer. The officer will further closely investigate the manner of
escape, and all the circumstances connected with it, either by himself or a court of inquiry, if such can be
formed, repenting the proceedings to the major of brigade. The consequence of an escape under susi)iciou3
circumstances will be made known to the detachment, by causing an abstract from general orders of 7th
May, 1832, No. lOfi, to be read to them once a week on parade.
IS. The officer in command of a guard over an ironed gang, will consider himself during the period of his
charge, as always on duty, and will on no account absent himself from his post, nor suffer any one under
his command so to do ; nor will he allow any stranger or unauthorized person to live at or loiter near his
post under any pretence whatever.
19. The officer will rejiort his detachment to the brigade major, at Sydney, on the 1st and l.'ith of every
month, according to a form which will be furnished. All extraordinarics will be reported by the earliest
opportunity.
20. The ])osition of the wooden houses for convicts, and the otficers' and soldiers' barracks, and the whole
arrangement of the stockade being established, in conformity to the instructions of the general officer com-
mauiling, no alteration is to be made without applying for leave, through the commanding royal engineer.
Any damage done to the buildings by officers or men, will be charged against them, according to the regu-
lations of the service.
21. The officer will take special care that the non-commissioned officers under his orders are fully informed
of every part of these instructions that relates to their duties.
22. The orders of the commanding royal engineer are to be strictly attended to by the assistant engineers,
not only when they relate to the work, but to any other particular of an officers' duty. All applications for
leave of absence are to be made by these officers, through the commanding royal engineer.
Inst.nictionn (H). — 1. The officer ajipoiiited assistant engineer has, as superintendent of iron gangs, the
legal custody of all convicts committed to his charge, and being duly authorized by a warrant from the go-
vernor under the provisions of the 3d Will. 4, No. .l, and 8 Will. 4, No. 1, he has the power of having con-
victs in ironed gangs or road parties brought before him to be immediately tried, and when convicted, to be
punished by the infliction of not more than ^>0 lashes for drunkenness, disobedience of onlers, neglect of
work, absconding, abusive language to his overseer, or for other disorderly or dishonest conduct.
2. He will keep a record, according to a form to be furnished to him, of all summary trials had before
him, in conformity to the foregoing paragraph.
3. If the officer holds a commission of the peace he will confine his jurisdiction to the ironed gangs or
road parties he has in charge, unless upon urgent occasions, when the prompt interference of a magistrate
is required for the public service, or unless when specially invited to give his assistance by a justice of the
peace in the neighbourhood of his station, for some special public object.
4. When any crime of too great magnitude to be dealt with by the limited powers granted under the go-
vernor's warrant, be committed by a convict under the charge of an assistant engineer, he will have the
offender taken before the nearest justice. But this course is to be avoided as much as possible, and by a
strict exercise of the powers given to him, the officer will, by his own authority, be enabled to keep the
gangs in proper order.
6. Convicts in irons will be divided into gangs of about 80 prisoners each, and this number will occupy
four wooden houses, which, with the officers' and soldiers' barracks, guard-room, store, and convicts' mess
shed, form what is called a stockade, these buildings having been formerly surrounded with a stake fence,
but which ha^ been discontinued, as it is found the convicts are more securely guarded by placing sentries at
the angles of the wooden houses, and leaving a space all aroi.md open to their fire.
r>. With regard to the food, clothing, and extent of labour of the convicts sentenced to work in irons, the
officer will strictly observe the regulations of the governor and council, 3d Will. 4, No. 3.
7. Escapes being most frequently effected by convicts first getting ofl' their irons, the officer is frequently
toinsi)ect and carefully to examine the irons on each prisoner; this must be done either by himself person-
ally, or by a non-commissioned officer, every morning when the prisoners go out to work, before quitting
the stockade, and again before they are locked into their huts at night. The officer either personally, or by
a noncommissioned officer in his presence, will frequently search the prisoners, and will take from them
anything made of iron or other metal, or any instrument which might be used in getting off their irons, any
money he may find upon them, any article of food or clothing not appointed by regulation for ironed gangs,
and anything whatever which he suspects they may have obtained dishonestly. He is also carefully to exa-
mine the strength and form of all irons either in use or sent to him to be used, and will reject all he
shall find insufficient, reporting all such with the cause of their insufficiency to the commanding royal
engineer.
8. If a convict has made an attempt to escape, or the officer perceives any disposition in a convict to at-
tempt an escape, he will provide for his safe keeping by additional irons at night, or when at work, in such
manner as may seem necessary.
9. The ofli^er is to inspect the huts and stockade where the convicts are confined, once a day at least,
and if he finds any damage which renders the confinement less secure, he will forthwith have it repaired ; or
m ^
m, ^1
i
'■'I
Milt
194
APPKNniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
if this cannot be immediately done, lie will cause an additional sentry to be posted nt the insecure part until
the rt'iiair is complete.
10. The officer will frequently muster the convicts on Sundays and during wet weather when they cnnnnt
work. He will also occasionally, and at uncertain times, persnniilly, or by a non-conunissioncd officer mus-
ter them iit night, and will make a note of the same in his journal.
11. The convicts will rise every morning during the sunun.r months nt •'> o'clock, and during the wint<r
months at day-break, when they will be regularly mustered by name. They will be rec|iured to keep thcrn-
selvis as clean as circumstances will admit, and to wash their faces, hands and feet every evening, liefun-
they are mustered into their berths, for which purpose water will be provided by the wnrdsmen in the tulis
which are to be carefully eleaniil every day. I'.ach m.an is to be shaved twice a week, and the hair is to In'
kejjt at all times closely cut, as the shortness ol the hair will not only contribute to cleanliness, but to the
discovery and consequent apprehension of runaways.
12. Tlie officer will frecpiently visit the gangs while at labour, that he may be able to judge of the
attention and activity of the overseers in carrying on the work, and of the general behaviour of the
convicts.
13. The convicts on working days, when not at labour or meals, or employed in washing on Saturdays, nre
to be kept locked up in their huts. On Sundays, Christmas Day, and (iuod Friday, they are tii be liioii'.'lit
out under a sufficient guard to hear prayers read and for nu'als, and any well-behaved men, not exeecdlni:
one-third of the whole gang at one time, may be allowed to take the air just outside the huts, for one hour,
under a sufficient guard.
14. When a medical practitioner (being a convict) is appointed to the gang, the officer will take care tlK\t
he attends duly on the sick. Should he appear negligent or disorderly, the officer will have him brought up
for summary trial and punishment. If a free practitioner is appointed to visit the gang, the officer will re-
quire him to be regular in bis attendance, and if he fails, will report him to the commanding royal engineer
for the governor's information.
15. The othcer will receive into his charge such convicts as shall be forwarded to him by the commanding'
royal encineer, or under the warrant of any two or more justices of the peace, as directed by the 3d Will. 4,
No, 3. He will, immediately on receiving them, enter their names and descriptions, noticing all scars,
marks, and blue tatooing, in the registers with which he will be furnished, taking care that the columns of
each book are kept regularly filled as required.
16. Every convict received at the stockade will, on his arrival, be stripped of the clothing he wears, i-hicli
is to be fumigated and cleaned, tied up, labelled with his name and ship, and put into the store. He is to he
put into the clothing appointed for men in ironed gangs, with which the otiicer will be j)rovided, either by
requisition or by having old spare clothing in store, no part of which he is to take away on the expiration (il
his sentence ; but the clothes he took with him are to be returned to him, or such other pieces of common
slop clothing may be put upon him as the officer shall find it absolutely necessary to provide him with, from
a small quantity which is to be obtained by requisition, and kept for the purpose. In like manner, when a
convict is sent from an ironed gang stockade to hospital, he is to be deprived of the parti-coloured clothinf;
of the gang, and put into his own old clothes, or provided with a few articles of common sloj) clothing, and
the stockade clothing again issued to him on his return. His irons are not to be taken otr on removal to
hospital.
17. Upon the periodical is8ue.s of clothing, every article of the old is to be taken from the convict when
the new is delivered. As soon as practicable after delivery, the old clothing is to be examined, and any part
found fit for further wear is to be repaired if requued, and taken into store for future use as wanted, and
the whole of what is found unserviceable is to be immediately burnt. No article of the old clothing of any
kind is, upon any account, to be left with the convict, or given away to any other person. The execution of
this order, with the quantity of old clothing taken into store, is to be reported periodically to the command-
ing royal engineer.
18. When the sentence of a convict to labour in irons has expired, his irons are to be taken off", but the
gang clothing is to be kept on him, and he is to work with the gang under precisely the same regulations as
the men in irons, until otherwise disposed of by regulation.
19. The officer will take care that no spirits or other liquors, or any other provisions than those supplied
by government, are received by any convict under his charge, and no smoking is to be permitted within tliu
stockade.
20. One wardsman will be allowed to every two wooden houses, containing each 40 convicts in irons, I
whose duty it will be to keep the houses, both without and \\'ithin, anil the utensils and bedding used there- j
in, as clean as possible, and to air and shake the blankets dady ; to provide wood and water for the cookin;:
and water for the drinking of and washing of the convicts, and to be aiding and assisting at all times in the I
custody and management of the jirisouers under the direction of the officer or noii commissioned oliiccr in
charge. One cook and one messman will be allowed to each stockade.
21 . One scouigcr will be allowed to each stockade, whose duty it will be to inflict all corporal punishments!
directed by the officer. He will also (if re(iuircd) perform the duty of wardsman, and be at all times aidin;,'!
and assisting in the safe custody and control of convicts under the orders of the officer or non-cumniissioniJj
officer in charge.
22. Cooks, messmen, wardsmcn, and scourgers, will not be appointed from the men under scrdence to woikl
in irons ; they will be supplied by requisition. The scourgcr will be allowed a gratuity of I. v. ;*./. per ilieni,!
in addition to the usual ration, to be raised to 2.v. \)(l. after a year's faithful service ; and each cook, nu'ss-[
iiiun, and wardsman will receive yearly one blue jacket, two shirts, and two pair of shoes, in addition to th
clothing provided by regulation, with an allowance of tea, sugar, and tobacco, and after one year's approve
service, a gratuity of ]s. a week. Any misconduct will, however, be visited with immediate |)unii-hiiiuil
APPi:NniX v.— M'STRAL-ASIA.
195
nnd n forfeiture of nil prpvioos claims for Indul^ppcp. Piillock drivers, and others Fpocinliy employed, will
ri'CL'ivo the allowance of tea, sii^nr, and tolnicco, hiit no extra clothing, unless shoes, when retpiired by the
nature of their emi)loyn)ent, nnr any gratuity. These convicts may, however, if well coiulucteil, he assigned
to private service after a year's work with the gang, if rrcotninended by the assistant engineer. Convict
mechanics, when specially employed with the gang, will receive the same treatment as if in a bridge
party.
L'3. All bedding, cooking utensils, nnd every article which may be denominated barrack furniture, used
for or by the convicts, will he in charge and custody of tlie officer, who will be held responsil)le that every
reasonable nnd practicable precaution is taketi to preserve them from loss or injury.
L'4. Knch stockade will be supiilied with a large steelyard, and a set of weights and scales, of moderate
«i'i\ to enable the noncommissioned oHicer to receive and issue the rations correctly. Proof sieves will
alfo be furnisluMl to encli stockade, for the purpose of determining the tpiality of the meal supplied by the
contractr rs. 'I'lio otllccrs will look carefully to the fpiality of the provisions furnished by the contractor,
ado|)tin<.' ■ ich mcs lucs, as the orders of the command prescribe for rejicting any of an unwholesome or infe-
rior description, anc' replacing tbom by articles of a proper (piality.
'2^K No pigs are to Ih- kept by any person bo]oML';ing to the stock.ide at or near the station, nor is any
poultry to be allowc! near tiie convicts' huts or soldiers' barracks. The whole space between those build-
ings, and between the huts and the guard room, is to be kept at all times dry, level, and clean. Where
good gravel is near at hand, this space should be kejit covered and neat.
2(). The afternoon of each Saturday, from three o'clock in the sununer, and two in the winter, is to be
n|)propriated by the convicts in washing their shirts and (deaning their ijcrson.;, to which pm-pose the ollicer
will take care that the soap allowed by government is strictly appropriated.
27. One knife and fork, one paiuiikin, and one mess kid, will be allowed to every six convicts, and one
spoon to each ; these are to be issued as recpiircd at meals, special care being taken that each article is given
back before the convict (juitsthe mess shed.
28. The officer will keej) a journal in which he will enter daily the |)rocecdings and conduct of the
convicts under his charge, and any occurrence herein required to be recorded, or otherwise deserving of
notice.
29. He will keep all such other books, and address to the commanding royal engineer all such periodical
or special reports and returns regarding the convicts in his charge, as that officer shall desire ; and the com-
manding royal engineer will cause those books to be kept which the principal superintendent of convicts
shall state to be necessary, and will transmit to that functionary those reports and returns which are re-
quired for the business of that department. All such reports and returns are to be marked by the assistant
engineers at the tO]) by the word " Convict." He will jjay particular attention to the regulations respecting
the assignment and delivery of convicts whose sentences to irons have expired.
30. When the princi))al superintendent of convicts reciuires any special information respecting any con-
vict at labour on the roads or public works under charge of the commanding royal engineer, he is instructed
to address that officer, stating the gang in which such convict is employed. The commanding royal engineer
will make the necessary communication to the assistant engineer in whose immediate custody the convict
has been placed. This channel of communication is i)rescribed in onler to prevent any confusion that might
arise by a direct correspondence between assistant engineers and the principal superintendent of convicts.
The commanding royal engineer will take care that every necessary information is duly furnished to the
principal superintendent of convicts, in whose office a complete history of every convict in the colony is ex-
pected to be found.
31 In addition to the foregoing instructions, relating chiefly ''o the safe custody of the convict, and the
exaction of a due portion of labour from him, the attention of the officer in charge of an iron gang is par-
ticularly called to the adoption of all such measures as shall seem most likely to effect the criminal's refor-
mation. To contribute to this important object, the otlicer should watch over the conduct of each individual ;
the most ferocious are on no account to be permitted to tyrannize over those who are comparatively more
obedient and well disposed, whilst tl:e latter are to be noticed and encouraged by commendation, and, when
practicable, by reward. All indecencies of manner and language are to be repressed as observed, and if re-
peated, to be punished. No noise or loud talking is to be permitted when at work, or in going to or return-
ing from it. The convicts are reciuired to be cleanly in their persons, as well as orderly in their conduct,
whether at work or in their huts ; no gambling or trafficking in provisions or clothing is on any account to
be permitted, whilst it will be the duty of the officer to secure to the convicts the regular issue of both.
Their complaints are to be listened to and investigated. Harsh and abusive language on the jiart of the over-
seers is to be interdicted, and " a kind anxiety is to be manifested to procure for the convicts as much com-
fort as is consistent with their condition under the regulations of government." They are, however, never
to be allowed, with a view of improving their condition, or even as a reward for good conduct, to work under
a private employer. Th-^ir labour is to be exclusively appropriated to the service of the crown. It is to be
incessant during the houn> appointed for work, but it is never to be assigned by task, however advantageous
such an arrangement mighf seem to the assistant engineer.
32. The holy scriptures, books of jjrayer, and works of a moral and religious character, will be placed with
the otlicer for distriliutiou amongst the convicts, at such times as they have Kisure to peruse them. Tliese
works will be chosen with the concurrence of the clergy of their resi)ective comnuuiions, and will be distri-
buted for perusal accordingly ; the books are to be changed when recpiired, and taken back into store when
done with ; the convicts being held responsible that they are not lost or defaced whilst in their posses-
sion.
33. Tf a chaplain or catechist uttend the stockade, the officer will afford him every countenance and assist-
ance in the religious and moral instruction of the convicts. If neither attc nd on Siuidays, the officer will
cause the prayers of their respective communions to be read to the prisoners, at least once on that day, and will
.'III |l
II
!:*!
P ii. i!-^
H'l'ir
1^6
Al'PKNDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
permit such religious instruction to be given as tlie pastors of those communions shall direct, to be impartnl
by one of thoir own porsuaslon.
.14. For those convicts wh-i are ignorant of letters, the establishment of a Sunday-school, under the su.
perintendence of the officer, is stroiiRly recommended. Tlie payment of •2i. Cul. a week to any cupabli; ikmi.
commissioned officer or soldier cinployod on this ihity, will he allowed, upon the report and recomnicniln-
tion of the officer in charge. Books, when rer|iiired for such schools, may he applied for, and will h^.
allowed.
■3,'). For the further improvement of the convicts, and as an inducement to good conduct whilst in the
gang, it will he uscfid to introduce as perfect a system of classification as the establishment of a stockade nuiy
admit of. This is to be attempted hy dividing the gang into three classes ; the first being considered tlu'
lowest, and in which all prisoners are to be |)laced on their first reaching the stockade.
:iri. If, upon the expiration of one-third of the period for which the convict is sentenced, the oflieer shall
consider the conduct of the prisoner to have been so industrious and orderly as to merit attention, he will
lljj name him for the second class, and will allow him as much time for airing outsi<h! the huts on Sundays and
|(^( days of broken latiour, as circumstances will permit, and any other similar indulgence, which shall not hreuk
in upon the order and regularity necessary to be observed in the stockade.
37. Upon a convict having passed a further poi tion of the period of his sentence, also equal to one-third
of the whole, in the second class, he may be placed by the officer in the third class, and from thence reeoin-
niended to the governor, through the commanding royal engineer, for such remission of the remaining portion
of his sentence as the officer shall consider biin to deserve.
."iS. In order to distinguish the three classes, a piece of red cloth, cut into the shape of a heart, fi inches
long by 4 wide, will be sewed on the l)ack of the jacket of each convict of the second class of merit, and a
similar distinction in yellow cloth is to be used for each convict in the third class ; the convicts of the first
or lowest class being left v. ithout any.
39. If a convict, whilst in the first class, be tried and found guilty of any offence under the colonial hnv
for convicts, he shall not be removed to the second, until a period eciual to one-third of his original sentence
shall have expired from the date of such last-mentioned trial and conviction. If, whilst in the second class,
a convict shall be so tried and convicted, he shall be returned to the first class, there to await another period
equal to one-third of his original sentence. If, whilst in the third class, a convict shall be so tried and c<m-
victed, he shall be returned to the first class, there to serve out the residue of his original sentence.
40. All communication between convicts of the different classes is, as far as circumstances will permit, to
be carefully prevented ; this separation may easily he accomplished when at work or meals, and is to be oh-
served in the distribution of the prisoners in the wooden hoiises as much as possible.
41. The officer is to check any intimacy between convicts of bad character, and if it be necessary, in liis
opinion, to separate the parties, he will recommend to the commanding royal engineer the removal of sucli
of them to another gang as may etiect this object.
Irmtructioris (C). — I. The foregoing instructions, marked (A) and (B), have been prepared for the service
of ironed gangs. They are, however, to be applied, as far as may be practicable, and is not otherwise pro-
vided by regulation, to those convict gangs who labour for the public out of irons. These are, — 1. C'on-
victs sent out from England under instructions from the Secretary of State to be kept to labour for certain
periods on the public works, and are called in the colony second class men. 2. Uoad parties. 3. Bridsre
parties. The two last are composed of convicts assigned to the commanding royal engineer. The former
to work on such roads as require constant repair, chiefly in the neighbourhood of Sydney ; and the latter to
construct and repair bridges.
2. The second class, convicts out of irons, are to wear parti-coloured clothing, and will be kept in a
stockade or other convenient place under the charge of an assistant engineer, under treatment similar to
that directed for ironed gangs. But the period of their public labocr is to be thus regulated : if under sen-
tence for seven years, they are to work two ; if for 14 years, to work three ; if for life, to work four. After
■which periods respectively, if their conduct has been good, they are to be recommended by the assistant
engineer for assignment. Whilst on public labour, they are to be subject to the same punishment for
misconduct as convicts working in irons.
3. The period for which these convicts are to labour, being thus of considerable duration, it will ho
convenient that the assistant engineer divide them into three classes, according to their conduct, upon the
system detailed for the ironed gangs. To the well-conducted men in the third class, the reward of an
earlier assignment to private service may be held out as an object of hope and encouragement.
4. When at work, the second class men are not to he placed under the guard of sentries, but military
overseers will have charge of them and enforce their labour. These overseers are to carry their side
arms and pistols in a waist-lielt, and are required to keep a strict watch to prevent escape from the work,
or going to or returning from it.
5. When returned to the stockade, this description of convict labourers will be kept either under military
guard, as directed for ironed gangs, or will be loc:ked up under military overseers, as detailed in the follow-
ing paragraph, according as the order from head quarters may require.
C). The road and bridge parties will be kept to labour under military overseers, and will be locked up at
night-fall in their huts or barrack, under charge of one of the overseers. They are to wear the ordinary
slop clothing in which they come from Hyde Park barracks, and are not to be allowed to change it fur any
other kind. These parties will usually consist of from 20 to 40 convicts, and will he under the immediate
charge of a non-commissioned officer and three military overseers, two of whom will be constantly out at
work during the day with the gang, and one will be on duty every night to prevent escapes or disorder.
They will carry the arms and use all the precautions directed in paragraph 4. These gangs will he visiteil
by an assistant engineer, wdio will exercise the same control over them as over an ironed gang, punishini;
corporally, when retjuired, the idle or refractory.
7. Convicts
signed to priva
ifi bridge partii
and tobacco, ui
as soon as it bi
H. Cooks, m
he chosen by t
as the stoekade
vate service wli
attached to any
drivers and oth
9. The sever
re(|uired in iroi
of them.
10. Though
under military
privates who ar
giueer who has
relaxes in the
this instruction
Pay and Alio
Roads or Publi
day whilst emp
public service.
2. The officei
stationed, but li
3. On procee
the officer's fun
4. One non-c
extra pay of Is.
to each non-con
for this duty, an
•'■>. The assists
with a pay of Gd
Instructions (;
tence to Labour
through the con
to irons, the nai
tion. In like m
one month at th
lists are to be m
care being taken
the day at whicl
2. In those ca
to his master at
veycd in a lettei
the convict is
claimed within
after such 10 df
whom he has n(
3. Convicts,
discharged unti
the convicts so
despatch of the
which the failur
of the list with
4. Though it
assignment may
5. Whenever
becoming or be(
desire on the lis
the principal su
Mmnorandi
1. The lieute
to convicts emp
during the hour
resulted, is plesi
engineers and o
morandum, the
required of thei
to the gangs, ar
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAI.-ASIA. 11)7
7. Convicts in the road i)MtiL's, anil those in the bridge puitits wiio arc riitod as lahourers, may be ns-
sigiii'd to private sfivite niter six nioiitlis' public work, it their conduct luis Ijeen ^odd. The uieclianies
in bridge parties are not to l)e assij^ned, l)ut tiii-y are, if well eoiidueled, to receive allowances of tea, sugar,
and tobacco, iiccordiut; to a fixed scale, to wear blue cloth jacLels, ami to be returned for a ticlvct of leave
as soon as it becomes due.
H. Cooks, niesshien, and wanlsiuen for these i)artie.s, and for tlie second class convicts out of irons, will
be chosen by the oHicer in chaiL;e fioiu tlieir own body, and those persons will riceive the same allowances
as the 8tocl<ade servants of ironed j^auga, but no I'Xtra clolhiuf^ or i^ratuity. 'i'hey will be assigui'd to pri-
vate service when it comes to their tinn, in the same nianmr as nthers of their class. If a scourger be
attached to any of these parties, he will be paid at the same rate as a seourger to an ironed gauj;, Hulloek
drivers and others, and attached to mechanics, will be treated in tln.se jjarties as directed for ironed gan^s.
y. Tlie several parties will be supplied with books, receive religious instruction, and attend prayers as
re(piired in ironed gangs, and the same attention is to be paid to their conduct by those who have charge
of them,
10. Though not escorted or guarded whilst at work by a regular guard, these parties are, nevertheless,
under nniitary charge, and the greatest vigilance is to he used by the several non-commissioned otlicers and
privates who arc over them, to prevent escapes either whilst at work or in quarters. The assistant en-
gineer who has to visit these jjarties, will not fail to report any non-commissioned olVieer or soldier who
relaxes in the slightest degree from any particular of bis duty over these parties, and he will take care that
this instruction is niatle known to all concerned.
Pay arid Allowances of Assistant- Engineers, and of Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers employed on
Roads or Public Works — 1. Tlie idlieer appc iutcd assistant-engineer, will receive the extra pay of G.v. per
day whilst employed, and foiage for one hortic, upon the usual certificate of being kept and eil'eetive for the
public service.
2. The oHicer will have a wooden house or hut constructed for his occupation at the stockade where he is
stationed, but he is to ])rovide his own furniture of every description.
3. On proceeding to tlie stockade, and in case of any subseipient movement, carriage will be provided for
the officer's furniture, as well as his baggage, the latter being regulated l)y the orders of the command.
4. One non-commissioned otKcer will be employed as constable and turnkey at each stockade, with the
extra pay of Is. per day, and overseers appointed by the commanding royal engineer will be allowed l.v. a day
to each non-commissioned officer, and ("»/. to a private. Steady, active, and intelligent men are to be selected
for this duty, and no more em|)loyed than are absolutely necessary for carrying on the work witli efficiency.
.'■). The assistant-engineer will be allowed to employ a steady nun commissioned officer or soldier as clerk,
with a pay of 6i/. per day.
Instructions (D.) — Instructions for Delivery and Assignment of Convicts on the expiration of their Sen-
tence to Labour. — Assistant engineers are required to transmit to the principal superirrtendent of convicts
through the commanding royal engineer, one month at the least previous to tlie expiration of their seirterice
to irons, the names and ships of all convicts under their charge, eligible to assignment upon such expira-
tion. In like maimer they will trairsmit a list of the 2d class convicts or labourers in road or bridge parties
one month at the least previous to the period at which their labour on the public works will expire. These
lists are to be made upon the 1st and l.Oth of every month, aird despatched on the post day rrext ensuing,
care being taken that at least one month's notice be thus given to the principal superintendent of convicts of
the day at which any of these convicts become eligible for assignmeirt.
2. In those cases where the warrant under which a convict in ir'ons is detained, directs that he be returned
to his master at the expiration of his sentence, one month's clear notice of the day of expiratioir is to be con-
veyed in a letter from the officer in charge and despatched to tire master by the post. Upon the expiration
the convict is to be delivered to his master on demand, or to his order on its being presented; but if not
claimed within 10 clear days from the expiration of sentence, or before the first despatch of post for Sydney;
after such 10 days, his name is to be submitted in a list for assigirraent, stating the name of the master by
whom he has not been claimed.
3. Convicts, whose names have been submitted in any list for assignment, are not upon any account to be
discharged until the return lists, and then only to the assignees named in suclr lists, or to their order. If
the convicts so assigned shall not be claimed within 14 days after the receipt of the list, or before the first
despatch of the post for Sydney after such 14 days, their names are to be submitted again in a fresh list, in
which the failure of the assignees to claim is to be notilied, and the convict kept in custody until the return
of the list with a new assignment.
4. Though it shall be required to assign but one convict, his name is to be duly returned on a list, that his
assignment may not be unnecessarily delayed.
5. Whenever it shall happerr that the assistant-engineer desires to have as a stockade servant any convict
becoming or become assignable by tlie expiration of his seritence or )>eriod of labour, he is not to note his
desire on the list, but to make application by letter to the commanding royal engineer, who will forward it to
the principal superintendent of the convicts if he thinks it expedient.
Mfmorandum. Head Quarters, Sydney, 20 October 1837.
1. The lieutenant-general commanding, having r-eason to believe that the permission sometimes granted
to convicts employed on public works, to prepare plaited straw and do other light works for their own benefit
during the hours of rest from labour, has beerr much abused, and that dishonest aird disorderly practices have
resulted, is pleased to direct that the commanding royal engineer give strict orders to the several assistant-
engineers and others under his command, in charge of convict gangs, to forbid, from the receipt of this me-
morandum, the use of any description of work by gangs or convicts attached to them, except that which is
required of them for the public service. The assistant-engiireers are to be desired to promulgate this order
to tlie gangs, and to call before them and punish any convict who shall, after such notice, be found guilty of
:il' ir
I:'' "J
i
108
APPEN'niX IV.— AUSTRAL. ASIA.
a l)rpacli of it, rpportinc; every sucli case in tiu:ir wic kly rrtiini to the commanding royal engineer, for the
lii.'Uti'iiiiiit-;j;('n('rnl's iiit'iiirniitidei.
2. If any vucaiit tiiiii' lie at tlio disposal of convicts iiiiploycil on pnlilic works, the assistant cnpiinccr will
endeavour to obtain their allenilaiicc nt the school ; lit' is uiillioii/i'd liy rc(;iilHtion to cstahlish, or will
direct their attLMition to, niul put into iIk u' liaoils, tlie jjooks with whicli it is ordered that every gang Ije
jirovided.
3. Coniniandin^ royal cni;ineer will fuither please to instruct (he assistant engini'crs to use their host < ii.
deavours, and to direct the unn-conmiissioned oOicers and military oversiirs to prevent any convict in a
f^an;; or attached to it from liciut; employed l\)r the service of private individuals in any way wliatever.
Upon the discovery of any such ollenci', liny are to report, lor the I.ieutenaiit-f^eni'nd's inforniatiou, llie
name of the pirson for whom or l>y \\ lioin the convict has been employed, that means may he taken fur
withdiawing from such person any convict assif^ned to him.
4. If any non comniissioni'd otVici'r, on detachment ovir convict K""n''i '"■ ""y military overseer, shall Im
found aliettinp; or connivint; at the employn\ent of any convict by a private person, every such non-conuiii;-,-
sioned odicer and overseer will be brou};ht l)ch)re a court martial for disobedience id this oiiler.
5. It beini; understood that non-coinmissioneil ollicers and privates at several of the stockades have sup.
plied convicts with tea, sn^ar, tobacco, }tc. contrary to orders, the commanding; royal en};ineer will instruct
the assistant in;j;ineers to assemble their detachments, and caution them a;j;ainst holdinjj; oiiy trallic wliatevir
with convicts, piviiif; them clearly to understand that, if detected, they will be brought before a court
martial for disobedience of orders.
By command of his Excellency,
Lieut. -general Sir Richard liimrke, k. c. n.
To the Commandinp; Royal Engineer, IV. Hunter, Captain,
&c. &e. Ike. Acting Major of Brigade.
Mbmokandum on the sid)ject of Employment of Convicts on the Roads, Fortifications, &c., in New South
Wales, by Major Harney, Commanding Royal Engineers, Nov. 2, 1H37.
The imperfect state of the roads and bridges oiler very important and extensive openings for the employ,
ment of convicts.
Of three great lines of road already traced to the extent of nearly 1,0(10 miles, not one-tenth of that dis-
tance can be said to be even formed ; the bridges, with few exceptions, are of a temporary character, and
several of large dimensiins are urgently reriuired. In wet seasons the roads are barely practicable. 1 aiii
not aware of any important work upon which a large body of convicts could be more advantageously em.
ployed than in the completion of the roads and bridges.
By the September return, the following number of prisoners were employed in the colonial engineer's
department, under my direction : Roads and bridges, 1,207; Breakwater, 1^4; Liverpool Dam, 7!); total,
1,470. In reference to this number, I consider it totally inadeiiuate to the recinircd work; for instance, on
the northern road there are two stockades, when complete, artbrding accommodation for ICO men in irons,
the line embracing nearly 200 miles of traced road, and not 10 miles completed. This remark will nearly
apply to the south and western roads. It is to be imagined that the public cannot for many years be expected
to possess sufficient labour to enter generally into contracts for making and repniring roads or construetin;,'
bridges. Taking the importance of the subject into consideration, I cannot too strongly recommend the
employment of a large body of prisoners on these works. 1 am of opinion that 3,000 are nece'^iary to ellec-
tive progress ; with this number, the three principal roads would not he completed, to tlie extent now
traced, in less than 10 years, within which period I do not anticipate much road-work will be done under
contract by free labour.
It is necessary to observe that 3,000 prisoners could not he securely worked with the existing strength
of military force in this country.
Independent of the roads, there are other colonial works, such as the breakwater at Newcastle, the basin
at lllawarra, the jirojected quay at Sydney, which arc of much importance, and under the delicitncy of free
labour and capital, can only be accomplisheil by iirisoners. As the coast becomes occupied this descripliun
of work will multiply; the nature of the coasts render such necessary; probably affording employment for
500 convicts for 10 years.
As regards the ])robal)le labour required upon engineer works, for which convicts would be available : tlio
harbour of Sydney and defence of the town offer the means of employing a considerable number. A series
of batteries between Sydney Heads and the Cove are necessary to the defence of the channels; a work of
defence on the site of b'ort Philip is also an important object, and if approved, should be carried on with all
possible despatch ; 300 men may be employed on these works for four or five years.
Taking projected works into consideration, both government and colonial, I am satisfied that 4,000 con-
victs may be most profitably employed tor a period of 10 years, and that no more beneficial employment for
the public can possibly be devised.
The above memorandum applies solely to the works of the Ordnance, Treasury, and Colonial Engineer
Department.
Regulations for the assignment of Male Convict Servants. Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney, '.) May
1835. — The Governor is pleased to direct that the following regulations be strictly observed in the assign-
ment of prisoners of the Crown to private service, from the date at which they come into operation, from
which time they will supersede all regulations now in force.
His excellency has endeavoured, by means of these rules, to introduce a fixed standard of qualification ac-
cording to which convict labour is to be obtained, and to render the colonists the principal instruu;cnts in
securing for themselves a just distribution of that labour, by the publicity which will be given to all tlie
arrangements relating to assignnient. It will be oi)en to the settlers in their several dis^tricts to attend llic
APPRNDIX v.— AUSTRAI,.ASIA.
190
spccinl HCsslons when npplicntion is innde for assiRiiod ncrvnnt.s, nnd to Rive to the justices sueti iiifiirn>ntiot»
us thi'y iK)ssrRs, witli rrKpect to the quantity of litiid lield l)y ati ajiplicant, his flinihility fioiii cliiimcter
mid hnl)its to receive, nnd his ineiinH of tnnintnininx, convict seiviints. Such informntinii given witli nn
iionest intention, upon sure knowledpic, will at all times he thankfully receivi'd hy the niagisitrutes, as en-
abling them to prepare their ecrtiflcates with the greatest certainty of their heing correct.
The Governor has only to add, that as much pains have been bestowed in framing these regulations to
meet the circumstances of all descriptions of (Colonists, and to operate for their general benefit, no dc
parture from their (ilain mcanint' will, in any instance, be iiertnitted.
Justices of the peace will perceive that, after the introduction of these regulations, assigned servants will
no longer be returned to fjovcrnment, or sent to road parties by their order. Tlie 2Uth Ueguhition [loints
(lut in what manner masters are to return their assigned servants whom tiey do not wish to retain in their
service, nnd the duty of the justice in such ca.ses. It is hardly necessaiy to observe that this regulation in
nn way limits the power of magistrates to punish assigned servants by iniiirisonment or otherwise, for of-
t'ciices of which they shall be convicted, ujion the complaint of their masters. Nor, on the other hand,
does it impede the admission ofcomplaints of servants against masters, nor the representation of tlie magis-
trate to Government on the subject, when it is thought right to recommend the removal of the servant in
consequence of the neglect or ill-treatment of the master. IJut the actual removal, unless under legal
sentence, to goal, is not to take place but by order of the Governor, communicated through the principal
superintendent of convicts.
No further applications for convict servants of any descriptiim will he received by the Board of Assign-
ment from the present date, except in conformity to these regulations.
Applications for convict labourers and mechanics assignable in the co\intry are to be made at the special
sessions, to be holilen in September next, as directed in Rule 4. Newly arrived emigrants, liowever, be-
coming q\ialified by the accpiisition of land, may apply immediately to the petty sessions, or magistrate
acting singly for the district in which their land is situated, in manner prescribed in llule 13; but all such
applications must be renewed in September next, and at the special petty sessions, to be holdcn in Sep-
tember in each year.
Applications for domestic servants, and for mechanics assignable to masters exercising the same trades,
may be made at any time from this (late, as directed in Rule IH, to the petty sessions, or magistrate acting
singly for the district in which the applicant shall reside.
Applications for convict labourers now registered by the Board will l)e complied with, as far as practica-
ble, until the period at which the list under these regulations shall be prepared, when the registries will bo
cancelled; but ap|)lications for mechanics mentioned in Rule 3, and assignable in the country, will, if re-
newed in September next, and annually at the special sessions, take precedence, as specitied in article 12.
All other applications now registered by the Board will be cancelled from the present date.
The particular attention of applicants is directed to that part of Article 4, which reciuires them to furnish
a nominal return of the convicts in their service, with their ships and tiadc or calling, to the special ses-
sions to be held in Sei)tembcr. The Board of Assignment will not be authorized to entertain any applica-
tion which shall not contain all such particulars, or shall be otherwise incomplete or informal according to
the terms of these regulations. Any omission in this respect will subject the ajjplicant to the delay of
a twelve-month, until the special sessions of the ensuing year shall enable him fully to comply with the
regulations.
By his Excellency's command,
Alexander M'Lvny.
Ri's;ulati()ns. — 1. All convict servants, with the exception of those professing the particular trades herein-
after mentioned, will be assigned to masters in proportion to the land they occupy, under grant, or promise
of grant from the Crown, or through purchase, or lease of such land, such lease being for a term of which
not less than three years remain unexpired ; provided that no person receive convicts in respect of land
upon which he shall not reside, or maintain a free or ticket-of-leave overseer.
:!. Convicts will be assigned to persons holding under any of the foregoing tenures, according to the
following scale; viz. — 160 acres, 1 man ; 320 acres, 2 men ; 4H0 acres, 3 men ; 640 acres, 4 men.
And one man additional for every 40 acres, not exceeding 640 acres, under plough or hoe culture.
For every additional 160 acres of any quantity not exceeding 1,280, 1 man.
For every additional 640 acres, 2 men.
Provided that no one person chall in the whole have more than 70 assigned convicts in his service at any
one time.
Persons holding under any of the foregoing tenures less than 160 acres will be allowed convict labourers
Imt not mechanics, for land under plough or hoe culture, in the following proportions : — 20 acres, 1 man ;
40 acres, 2 men ; 80 acres, 3 men ; 120 acres, 4 men.
3. The foregoing scale has reference to labourers only ; but the services of mechanics being of greater
value, they will be estimated according to the following scale : — A blacksmith, as .% labourers ; bricklayer,
as 3 ; carpenter, as 3 ; cooper, as 3 ; gardener, as 3 ; harness-maker, as 2 ; millwright, as 3 ; nailer, as 2 ;
plasterer, as 2 ; stone-mason, as 3 ; stone-cutter, as 3 ; sawyer, as 3 ; shoemaker, as 2 ; tailor, as 2 ; tanner,
as 2 ; tobacconist, as 2 ; wheelwright, as 3 ; woolsorter, as 2.
No mechanic of the above description will be assigned in the towns of Sydney, Parramatta, Windsor and
Liverpool ; nor will any of the class of labourers be assigned within the limits of the town of Sydney. It is
to be understood that all mechanics received under the late regulations will be rated according to the scale
here laid down.
4. Persons residing in the colony, or their agents, when the principals are non-resident, desirous of
(ihtiiiiiing convict servants of the foregoing descriptions, shall apply in the form hereunto annexed, maiked
A.) at the special sessions, to be held as hereinafter mentioned for the distriet in which they reside, for tJie
f c
liil
w
ill
4
r'^o Ari'ENnix v.—austral-asia.
wliolf immfior of convict Bcrvants tlu-y ref|iiire, Kivlng in a return of the whole quantity of innd in respect
of which tlicy arc entitled, nnd a nominal list of all the convicts in their service, with the nnnics of their
sliips, and their respective trades or enllinj^s; nnd if posscHscd of Innd in other districts, retpiiriiiv; their
overseers to appear at the sessions of their respective districts, and t?lve in a return of such Innd, nnd a
noiiiiiml li.st prei)ar<d as aforesaid of the assigned convicts serving thereon, in the fortn marked (H). Stich
xpecinl sessions shall he held nnnimlly, nnd shall consist of not less than two magistrates in every distriet in
which jjctty sessions are estnhlished; and in pNu.'es in which there are no petty sessions, hut wherein u
justice of the peace acts singly, of that justice, assisted by two landholders, tu be named fur that purpose by
the governor.
5. livery such sessions shall he held annually, on the first Monday in the month of September, and on so
many siibsetiuent days as may he necessary for the purpose of receiving, investigating, and reporting upon
all applications for convict servants which shall be made to them. The report of the sessions shall be annexed
to the application, and forwarded in orininnl to the board for the assignment of convict servants in Sydney,
on or before the first day of October then next ensuing.
fi. It shall be the duty of the sesainns to incpiire into the correctness of the facts stated in each application,
reipiiring such evidence thereof us to them shall seem proper, and they shall in no case recommend the claim
of any applicant unless perfectly satisHed of the truth of the statements upon which the application is
founded.
7. All applications shall be presented to the sessions by the applicant, or by his agent, or by an overseer
residing on the land in respect of which he applies, between the hours of ten o'clock in the morning and four
in the alternoon on the days for holding such sessions, and all proceedings had, and every decision pro-
noimced thereon, shall be had and pronounced in open court.
K. The applications of magistrates and others forming the special sessions shall be presented, investigated
and reported upon by them in the same manner as other ap|)lications : provided only, that no applicant
shall vote in his own case, and that the report on such claim shall be sulTicient, notwithstanding that the
number of members may be reduced by his withdrawal below that retjuired in other cases.
y. It will be the duty of the board of assignment upon receipt of the applications from the sessions every
year, to jircpare an abstract in alphubeticol order of the ap|)lications from each district, according to the form
hereunto annexed, marked (C.) and to transmit the same to the mai^istrates of the districts from which the
applications proceeded, for the purpose of being by them posted upon the court-house, in order to give due
publicity to the statetuents of the parties, and the decisions thereon.
10. The board will also prepare an alphabetical list of the applicants for the ensuing year, containing the
aggregate (juantity of land (from whatever district returned) occu|)ied by the applicant, the number of ser-
vants actually assigned to him, and the number to which he is entitled, which will be published annually for
general information.
11. The mode of assignment of convict labourers by the board shall be as follows: a list of unemployed
labourers, numbered from the first on the list to the last, being furnished to the board by the principal su-
pcrintendent of convicts, a set of these numbers shall be put into a box, and the first applicant on the list
of applicants shall obtain the convict whose number is first drawn, and so on, until the applicants entitled
to one or more labourers are supplied with one; the same proceeding shall be then adopted for the assign-
ment of a second labourer to those applicants who are entitled to two or more, and so on until the whole
number of applicants be fully supplied : provided, however, that whenever any such list of labourers shall be
exhausted by assignment, the hoard shall recommence assignment from any new list furnished by the prin-
cipal superintendent of convicts, with the individual standing upon the list of applicants next to the person
last supplied; and shall recommence in every year upon the new annual alphabetical list at the name im-
mediately following that at which they left ofi" in the list of the preceding year.
12. Mechanics will be assigned according to the order in which the applicants stand by priority of appii-
cation upon the present lists, provided they be qualified and apply at the special sesssions under these regu-
lations. The board of assignment will odd annually, in alphabetical order, to the lists of applicants for each
particular trade the names of those who apply at the special sessions, who will be supplied in the order ia
which they shall thus stand. It is, however, to be distinctly understood, that all applications for mechanics,
as well as for other convict servants, must be renewed annually, or otherwise the names of the ai)plicants
will not be retained > n the lists, as they will be considered 1o have no longer a desire to receive a mechanic
of the description previously applied for ; and any subsequent applications will only take priority in the
order in which they shall he made. It must also be understood, that nut more than one mechanic of the
same trade or calling will be assigned to any individual, nor will an application for such person be entered
on the list, so long as such mechanic shall remain in his service.
13. Any i)erson acquiring property in land for the first time, and being otherwise qualified, shall be imme-
diately supplied by the board from the next list of convicts tor assignment, furnished by the priiicii)al super-
intendent of convicts, with the convict labourers (not exceeding six in number) to which such land shiill
entitle him, and with one mechanic of any trade assignable in the country, when such mechanic shall be at
the disposal of the board, on his making application, according to the form marked (D.), to the petty sessions,
or if there be no petty sessions, to the magistrate acting singly for the district in which his land is situated,
■who shall immediately forward the same to the board of assignment with the report thereon ; his name shall
then be placed on the alphabetical list to take his turn for the residue (if any) of the servants to which he
may be entitled, as other applicants.
14. Any person disposing by sale, lease or surrender of the occupation of any land, in respect of which he
has obtained convict servants, shall give notice to the j)etty sessions, or magistrate acting singly for the dis-
trict in which such land is situated, of such change of occupation, giving in at the same time a nominal list
of all the assigned servants then in his employ ; and if he shall have become dis(]ualified to retain that num-
ber by reaoon of the diminution of his land, but is still entitled to retain a part, he will distinguish by ti.oirl
AI'PKNDIX V.-AUSTRAI..ASL\.
SOI
nimcs and drucriptions fhnso whom he is most desirous of rctninin;.'; ; tlip hench, nftcr rccorditip "nch notice,
shnll forwnrd It to tlic IxinnI of nssi^jnnu'iit in Sydney, wlio will tlu'rin|)(iii proeeiil to iiseertniii wiml numUtr
offlssigncd servni\ts siieh person is (pmlidcd to hold, nrid will decile iit)i>n his nppliention necoidini'ly.
15. If the ))erson to whom such land shall he disposed of ns nforesiild -Mall he desirous cd' uhtairdnf; any
servants rendiTcd disposahle hy such alienation, he slmll apply to the pitt sessions, or if there he no petty
sessions, to the nii\;;istratc nctin;; sin;;ly tor the <listrict In which Uu' laml is sitiintid, nccordin^t to the I'orm
annexed, iiiarkid (V.), who shall take his application into ronsidera'Jon, and forward it, with a repott thereon,
to the hoard of assif;nment ; and upon receipt thereof the hoard fhnll proceed to assign so many of the con-
victs so hceoniini^ disposahle ns the apjiliennt shall hi; (pi.ilitied to rrci ivc, and slmll report such nssi;ininent
to the principal superintendent of convicts. Until such nssi;;ninenf he coirplited, and intiinntrd to the
master to whom the servants were first assigned, he will he held rcsjioniihie to tlie govcrnmi nt for ihiir
maintenance and contrid.
ITi. The following ilescriptions of mechanics will ho assigned to persons ccrcisin^ the trades winch those
mechanics have reiiuired, residing in any part of tlie colony, and without reference to any qualitlcation of
lund :
liakors, hoat-builders, hookhinders, hrnzicrs, brewers, candle- makers, clo'h-wovkcrs, comh-mnkers, com-
positors, engravers*, farriers, gunsmiths, Imtters, inalsters, painter", plnmhers and glaziers, piinters, pn s«-
inen, pumpmakers, shipwrights, soHphoileis, tinmen, weavers, wlutesini'lis, and sm h other mechanics, not
being included in the list of those assignable in the country, as niay be applied for by persons exercising
their tr.idcs.
17. nouaeholders, residing in any part of the colony, without reference to landed ipialiflcation, will also
be entitled to receive domestic si'rvants of the following description, viz. Cooks, coachmen, footmen,
grooms.
The principal superinti'ndcnt of convicts is charged to take particular care in returning convicts of thl*
description to ascertain that they actually held such employment previously to their transportation. If there
be any doubt whatever of the fact, thi' convicts arc to be returned as common InbonriTs.
18. Applications for mechanics assignable to masters of the same trade, and fur domestic servants, arc to
be made according to the aniu-xed l'"orin, marked (K.), to the petty sessions, or if there be no petty sessions,
to the magistrate acting singly for the district in which the applicont resides, who shall in\mediately for-
wnrd the same to the Hoard of Assignment, with report thereon. The Board of Assignment will, from time
t(i time, on receipt of such applications, add the names of the parties to the list of applicants for raechanics
ami domestic servants of the description a|)|dled for, and will assign them according to tlieonler in which
the applicant may stand by priority of applicatiim on such list, giving the same pnt'erence to those on the
jiresent lists who apply and are qualitied under these regulations, as in the case of mechanics assignable in
the country.
['.). Mechanics not a|)plied for under the foregoing rules will be assigned in the country as labourers,
as well as any of the tradesmen or mechanics contained in those lists for whom there shall be no ap-
plication.
20. The sessions, or magistrate, as the case may he, shall not recommend as assignee for convict sermnts
of any description any person who is not free, of good character, capable of maintaiuing the servants applied
for, and to whose care and management they may not in their or bis opinion he safely entrusted. The
strictest attention is particularly enjoined to this rule, us the moral improvement of the convict population
80 much depends on its careful observation.
21. The board shall assign the labourers, mechanics and domestic servants due to every applicant in the
order in which he stands on the list, such applicant not being at liberty to defer liis turn, without losing it
altogether.
22. Any person losing the services of a convict servant hy his obtaining a ticket of leave, or his becoming
free, shall, on its being notified in the government gazette, be immediately supplied, on application to the
board, with a convict servant in lieu ; and if such convict receiving a ticket of leave l)e a meclionii;, he shall
receive the number of labourers to which such mechanic is estimated as equivalent ; provided that he be not
already fully supplied by assignments made jireviously to the publication of these regulations.
23. The principal superintendent of convicts shall, from time to time, furnish in du|)licate to the board of
assignment a list of all convicts assignable, classified in the manner in which they are hereinbefore distin-
guished. The board will insert in such lists, opposite to the names of the convicts, the names of the i)arties
to whom they are to be assigned, and after signing, shall forward them with as little delay as possible to the
colonial secretary, to be laid before the governor for approval. When apjiroved, the original will be returned
to the board to be kept as a record in their office; and the duplicate will be transmitted to the princii)al
(uperintendent of convicts, in order that he may give immediate notice to the several assignees, and distri-
bute the convicts therein named accordingly.
24. Any person who shall neglect for the space of seven days to take away his assigned servant, after notice
directed to him or his agent, at the place in Sydney set forth in his application, and transmitted through the
general post-oifice, shall forfeit his turn, and the name of the servant assigned shall be returned by the prin-
cipal superintendent of convicts in the next list sent to the board for assignment.
25. Convicts being assigned as mechanics may be lent by one master to another in the same district, for
any period not exceeding three months, upon permission granted by the petty sessions, or if there be no
petty sessions, by the magistrate acting singly for such district, on a written application by botb parties,
which shall be recorded by such sessions or magistrate, and immediately reported to the principal superin-
tendent of convicts. As such loan is inte\)ded for the general benefit of the district, without, at the same
time, depriving the original assignee of the services of the mechanic when required, any assignee who shall
be discovered to have granted such meclwTiic on loan for a pecuniary or other valuable consideration will be
iirmediately deprived of the services of that convict, anddeclared incapable of receiving any in future. Con-
•f'H
■\ M
!'. I
''Mi' ^
1'
i \
lli'i f
II I
202
ArFM.NDIX v.— AU8TRAL.ASIA.
vlct lNih*iiircr« will nl«n be pormittitl tn l)c lent by nnc tnnhfi'r to ftiidthor rtt'ly qimllflcd iindfr thc«p roR\ila.
ti(in», v^itb the writtin HAiiction of tbe nrarcst bi:nch or magistrate acting ningly, during the month* of Imi-
vi'st only.
'2f>. Any person who shall employ a convict belonging to a road party, or otherwise in the service of go-
vernment, ahull be immediately deprived ol' all his assigned servants, and considered ineligible as an assignee
in future.
27. No convict nssigncd inider these reguliitioiis (those specially assignable in towns excepted) kIiiiII bo
permitted fo remain within the limits of the town of Sydney, for more than one week at any one time, or
for more thni\ three weel<s in any year, upon pain of sucli servants beitig witlidrawn, and the assignee con-
sidered incapable of re(jpving convict servants in future.
2H. No application specially made for any convict by name, or in any other than the present
printed fornts, shall be received either by the special or petty sessions, or magistrate, or by the Hoard
of Assignment,
'2'J. Any person desirous of returning his servant to government shall give notice in the form hereunto
nnnexed, marked (1''.), to the petty sessions, or to the magistrate acting singly for the district in which nuch
person resides, who shall inquire the cause of such intention on the part of the assignee, and report to tlio
principal superintendent of convicts if in their or his opinion the convict so returned is a proi)er person to
be re-assigned within the district, or whether it lie expedient that he be removed to any other district I'nr
assignment, or whether he be totally unfit for private service, and for what cause. The principal superin-
tendent of convicts, upon receiving such report, shall, it it be recommended tlint the convict be re-aasigncd,
include his name in the next list for assignment, specifying the district in which he is to be assigned, and tlic
board will assign such convict to the jicrson next on the alphabetical list for an assigned servant within such
district. The original assignee shall retain the convict in his service until he shall have notice from the prin-
cipal superintendent of convicts in what tnanner he is to be disposed of. Any master failing so to keep nml
to maintain his convict servant, will be deprived of all those in his service, and deemed ineligible to receive
any in future. A similar arrangement will take place when convicts become disposable for assignment from
the public works or other government employ.
30. The magistrates of petty sessions, and magistrates acting singly, are requested to report to the assign-
ment board when any alienation of land within their district cornea to their knowledge, as well as any breach
of these regulations in respect of which they may odjudicate.
31. If it shall at any time he made to appear to the governor that any application made to the sessions, or
to a magistrate acting singly, contains a false statement, with a view to obtain convict servants, any servant
80 obtained, as well as all others assigned to the applicant's service, shall be withdrawn, and the applicant con-
sidered incapable of receiving convict servants in future.
32. In cases where parties have received convict servants under formal regulations, although not qualified
to hold any under the present, they will be allowed to retain those servants until removed by casualty or
regulation ; those masters also who have received a greater number of assigned servants than they will be
hereby entitled to may in like manner retain them ; and when the number shall hereafter fall below that
to which their land entitles them under these regulations, they will be supplied in their turn as other appli-
cants.
33. If it shall at any time appear to the governor, from an inspection of the books of assignment, that a
larger supply of convict labour can be appropriated to private service, a supplementary scale, or an amend-
ment of the jjresent will be promulgated.
34. Convict boys under Ifi years of age will continue to be assigned under the regulations contained in the I
government notice, dated 18th March 1833, but will not be considered in satisfaction of tbe claims of appli- [
cants under these regulations.
List of alt the C
(A.)— Form of Application for Convict Labourers and Mechanics assignable in the Country,
prescribed by Section 4 of the Regulations.
No. Application of of in the Parish of
County of for Male Convicts, presented to the Special Sessions holding for the District |
of this day of September 183 .
* Property belonging to or occupied by applicant in respect of which entitled.
Name.
Total
Number of
Acres.
Number of
Acres under
Plough
or
Hoe Culture.
Where
situated.
Nature of Tenure,
whether by Grant, Pur-
chase or Lease ; and if the
latter, from whom, and
the Number of Years
remaining unexpired.
How occupied,
whether pcrsonftlly,
or by Free
or Ticket-of-lcave
Overseer,
specifying his Name.
F.vcry distinct portion ol' land must be separately entered.
ir the District!
Ari'F.NniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASI/V. a03
\ Annexed i« a nominal Hit of nil the convict* now in my nsilKncd Rorvlco.
I now rei|ueiit that cunvictn, of thi' foilowinr; (Irncription, mny Ix' iiKHiKiu'd to me, vU.
My ngL'nt, Air. iTRidliiK' in [stirrl or )>liifi>, un the ntae iiini) hf] Sydnoy, in fully em-
|)Owvrcd to receive luch urvanti a» may be nmilgnud to me, and to defray all expen^cH incurred on their
account. [Siifnolurr nf .//>/)//cirn<.]
We, l)eing membera of the upeeinl »eH»ion» appointed for this diHtrict, do hereby certify, thot
upon exnininatlon, we believe the ntnteinenta eontnlned in luid annexed to this application to be correct [if
innirrei't, stutr hiTi' in irhat imiiifuliir].
We also certify that the applicant is free, of good character, and capable of mnintainini; the servants ap-
plied for, and that he is a person to whose care and inanngcment they may be safely entrusted.
[Sif(n<iturei.]
N.B. — Application* must be renewed annually, at the special sessions held in September.
List of all the Convicts now in Applieiint'a Assinned Service, distinguishing the Boys (If any) assigned
under the Ucgulutiuns of the iHth March 1H33.
No.
Christian and Surname.
Ship.
Trade or Calling.
(B). — Return to bemndc by Overseers of Lands In respect of which Convict Servants are claimed, and upon
which the Proprietor or Lessee does not himself reside, as prescribed by Section 4 of the Regulations.
No. Return of the Lands in the District of belonging to or occupied by of
presented to the Special Sessions holden for the said District, this day of September 1H.3 .
Name.
Total
Number
of
Acres.
Number of
Acres under
Plough or Hoe
Culture.
Where situated.
Nature of Tenure, whether by Grant, Pur-
chase or Lease ; and if the Lotter, from
whom, and the Number of Years remain-
ing unexpired.
Annexed is a nominal list of all the convicts in the assigned service of the said employed upon the
said land or under my superintendence.
[^Sif^nature of ] Overseer.
We being members of the special sessions holden for the sold district, do hereby certify, that
upon examination, we believe the statements contained in and annexed to this return to be correct [i/ incor-
rect, state here in what particular.']
We also certify, that the above-named overseer is of sober and honest character, and a person to whose
care and management any convicts assigned to his employer may be safely entrusted.
[Signatures.}
List of all the Convicts now employed upon the said Property, or under the Superintendence
of Overseer.
1t!i:
^1
A
r
r I
i
m
204
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
(C.) — Abstract of all Applications for Male Convict Servants from the District of showing the
Decisions of the Special Sessions and Board of Assignment thereon, for the Year 18.1 .
e
a
'i, R,
Property in District in respect
of which entitled.
E
2;
3 o
o
SCH
Convicts in
Applicant's Service,
■a s
HO
Ir o
£ 2
Z J 2
Convicts
applied for.
Trade
or
Calling.
a,
01
Si .
■<-' in
tu C
o o
C 'i«
.2 S
.2 t/j
Decision of the Board.
° e °
(So-!
— <= c •
S ■ - o c - ^
S 9
jO
o s
4-1 ._
bCT3
S 5- a
(Signature of Assignment Board.)
(D.) — Form of Apiilication of Persons obtaining Land for the first time, and for Convict Servants rendered
disposable by the alienation of Land, prescribed by Sections 13 and 15 of the Regulations.
No. Application of of in the Parish of County of for Male
Convicts, presented to the Petty Sessions holden for the District of this day of 183 .
* Property belonging to, or occupied by applicant, in respect of which entitled.
Name,
Total
Number
of
Acres.
Number of
Acres under
Plough or
Hoe culture
Nature of Tenure, whether
Where ■ by Grant, Purchase, or
situated, j Lease, and if the latter,
! for what number of Years.
From
whom
obtained.
How occupied, whether
Personally or by Free or
Tickei.-of-Leave Overseer,
specifying his Name.
Annexed is a nominal list of all the convicts now in my assigned service.
I now request that convicts of the following description may be assigned to me ; viz.
My agent, Mr. residing in [street or place, as the case may he] Sydney, is fully empowered to
receive such servants as may be a^isigned to me, and to defray all expenses incurred on their account.
[Signature of Applicant.']
We hereby certify, that upon exr.i.iination, we find the foregoing statement to be correct [if incorrect, state
here in what particular] .
We also certify, that the a jpli^ant is free, of good character, and capable of maintaining the servants
applied for, and that he is a p. "-son to whose care ana management they may be safely entrusted.
[Signatures of the Magistrates.]
N. B. — Applications must be renewed annually at the special sessions held in September.
List of all the Convicts now in Applicant's Service, distinguishing the Boys (if any) assigned under the
Regulations of the 18th March 1833.
• Every distinct portion of land must be separately entered.
(E.) — Form of Application for Convict Mechanics, assignable to Masters of the same Trade, and for Domes-
tic Servants, i)reseri!>fd by Section 18 of the Regulations.
Application of of in the Paiish of County of presented to the Petty
Sessions of the District of this day of 18.) ,
I am a [hire i
convi
Annexed is a li
My agent, Mr.
receive such serva
We hereby cer
state here in what
We also certify
a])plied for, and tl
List of all the (
No.
1
To the Magistrate I
I have to leqiie
Government, becaii
The bench will 1
whether it is exped
service, and the cai
tendent of convicts
N. B. The convic
superintendent of c
Extracts ol
" In several desp
on the condition an
tlie margin, I have
the gangs out of in
on the roads. Fror
was never able to
kwlcbs and vagrant
account I stated my
work on the roads.
" That arran;;eni(
formation of iron ;,'
pleased to approve)
iiial criminal law ai:
wurkineu to these
This law, amongst
lienal station of Moi
working in irons wir
proportion. Tiiere
III' military odicers,
iis any forced labour
are fully secured.
had habits of these
inental improvement
in their hands, and
oliicers in charge I
respect, of many of t
" Such being the
reduce the road part
superintendence. H
directed by ovirscci
APPliNDlX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
205
1 nm a [h<rp insert applicant's trade, or if for a domestic sirrnnt, " householder,"] and request that
cimvict servants of the following description may be assigned to me ; viz.
Annexed is a list of all the convicts now in my assigned service.
My agent, Mr. residing in {street or place, ns tlie case may be] Sydney, is fully empowered to
receive such servants as may be assigned to me, and to defray all expenses incurred on their account.
[Si!f nature of ^Jpplicant.]
We hereby certify that, upon examination, we find the foregoing statement to be correct [if incorrect,
stale here in what particulnr.]
We also certify that the applicant is free, of good character, and capable of maintaining the servants
applied for, and that he is a person to whose care and management they may be safely entrusted.
\_Si>^natures of the Magistrates.]
List of all the Convicts now in Applicant's Assigned Service, distinguishing the Boys (if any) assigned
under the regulations of the 18th March, 1833.
(F.) Form of Application for the Return of Male Convicts.
To the Magistrate for the District of
i have to lequest that the convict named in the margin, now in my assigned service, may be returned to
Government, because [here insert the reason for his return,]
I have the honour to be, sir, your most obedient servant,
[Siiinature of Assignee, or his Overseer.]
The bench will here state whether they recommend the convict to be re-assigned in the same district, or
whether it is expedient to remove him to another district for assignment, or if he be totally unfit for private
service, and the cause ; and will forward this application, after having registered it, to the principal sujierin-
tcndent of convicts.
N. B. The convict is to remain in the service of the applicant until he shall have notice from the principal
superintendent of convicts how he is to be disposed of.
Extracts of a Despatch from Governor Sir Richard Bourke, K. C.B., to Lord Glenelg, dated
Government House, Sydney, 29th December, 183().
" In several despatches which I have had the honour to addres,s to the Secretary uf State for the Colonies,
on the condition and treatment of convicts in New South Wales, and more particularly in those named in
the margin, I have represented the imperfect organization and discreditable appearance and behaviour of
the gangs out of irons which I found established throughout the colony in great numbers as working parties
on the roads. From want of legal power, and of adequate means to enforce that which the law permits, I
was never able to bring these parties under such efficient superintendence as should at once control their
InwlcbS and vagrant disposition, and obtain for the colonists a fair proportion of useful labour. On this
account I stated my desire to abolish those parties whenever I could make other arrangements for obtaining
work on the roads.
"That arran;;enient I commenced, as reported in my despatch of 3d November, 1832, No. 114, by the
formation of iron gangs, superintended by military officers (an employment of which General Lord Hill was
pleased to approve) in all matters connected with their custody and discipline. By the change in the colo-
nial criminal law affieting convicts, which I introduced in 1832, I contemplated a considerable accession of
workmen to these gangs, by checking the improvident transportation of labourers to penal settlements.
This law, amongst other good whicli it has done, has elfucted that which 1 thus proposed ; and whilst the
peiial station of Moreton Hay has been diminished by nearly three-fourths of its former numbers, the gangs
woiUing ill irons within the colony, for the great benefit of the settlers, have been augmented in the same
proportion. Tiieie are now about 1,000 convicts in irons, divided into Ki gangs, working under the control
of military officers, under sentences to labour varying fi\;in one to three years. Their labour is as efficient
as any forced labour can ever be, and without tyranny or cruelty their discipline, submission and safe custody
are fully secured. Escajies are very rare, and corporal punishment not so frequent as from the previous
bad habits of these criminals might be supposed necessary. Such measures for their moral reformation and
mental improvement as circumstances permit are not neglected. The Scriptures and useful books are placed
ill their hands, and in some of the gangs schools have been estalilished, and are superintended by the
officers in charpo. I have great pleasure in recording the very meritorious conduct, in this and every other
resjiect, of many of the officerti wlioni 1 have employed or. this duty.
" Such being the state of the ircnicd gangs, both as to discipline and numbers, I have determined to
reduce the road parties from the lirst iiroximo, leaving no gangs on the roads but those under military
superintendence. Hitherto the work, whether of gangs, in or out of irons, has been, nominally at least,
directed by ovirsecis iiauiL'd by the surveyor general, and inspected by the officcr.s of that department. It
1
] ■
i '
' \k'
(ilfr <
1 '
, 1
i
i;
!l
i ; 1
'
■ I
j ; '
; ,: 1
f
1 1
[ ■■■ ■
1
■1
; 1
II
11
t
U f
f! •■
206
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
has happened, however, that in many cases the voluntary attentions of the military superintendents of ironed
gangs have done more for the speedy improvement of the roads than the paid services of the civil overseers
and surveyors ; I have therefore thought it expedient at once to reduce, along vith the road parties the
overseers and inspectors to whom I allude, and to transfer the charge of constructing and repairing the
roads and bridges from the surveyor-general to the commanding royal engineer. The military officers will
thus become assistant engineers, and continue their very useful employment under that title without addi-
tional pay or allowance. They will receive their instructions from and report to the commanding royal
engineer for my information, and thus a perfect unity of operation will be obtained, the want of which under
the former system was occasionally, though not frequently, experienced."
" The work required within the town of Sydney I jiropose to leave, as at present, under the immediate
direction of the town surveyor, an active and very intelligent officer, who has given great and general satis-
faction. I propose that he shall report directly to the Government, until the time arrives at which the
people of Sydney can be induced to take the management of their municipal concerns into their own hands."
P. — Return of the Number
of Troops in
New
South
Wales and Van Diemen's
Land in each Year, since |
the Commencement of the Colo
ny.
Effectives.
Years.
Effectives.
Years.
. 1 to
iSlfc
= 1 £
1.
i
m
E
§0;
S je
1^"
6
2
Q
17761
l~
1 Jar
.1807
28|l6
480
1777
to O CJ
■*j xi -^
—
1808
28.16
480
1778
—
1809
44I16
711
1779
s o
25 Jan
.1810
88
38
1398
1780
(Urn*'
J3 ir _
—
1811
41
16
1090
1781
tl-ll
—
1812
62
22
1158
1782
se yean
r Eire un
perforn;
_
1813
o3
22:1166
1783 •
—
1814
66
23 1244
1784
—
1815
3.S
19 571
1785
0) "-^
—
1816
40
19
572
1786
^"5 a •
—
1817
44
19
684
1787
.SuS^
—
1818
30
11
908
178S
t 4* C
5 ^ vc
—
1819
37
12
768
1789
-_
1820
41
13
722
1790
O J3 1*
1821
50
13
1002
12 Dec. 1791*
11
6
241
—
1822
50
16
1023
— 1792*
—
1823
46
15
996
— 1793*
—
1824
67
22
1063
— 1794*
—
1825
60 22
1200
1 July 1795*
23
14
432
—
1826
75j30
1569
1 Sept. 1796*
30
19
447'
—
1827
100 29
176(;
1 Jan. 1797
29
18
445!
—
1828
128 42
1974
— 1798
32
19
475
—
1829
143 38
2397
— 1799
34
20
492
1 Jan. 1830
114
33
2047
— 1800
34
20
484
—
1831
137
41
2515
— 1801
30
18
516
—
1832
128
34
2341
— 1802
31
18
5881
—
1833
110
36
2040
— 1803
29
18
613'
—
1834
119
39
2159
— 1804
29
16
490?
—
1835
135
42 2279
— 1805 28
16
480
—
1836 153
53:2679
— 1806 28
16
480
i
* Returns were not regu
larly received from New
South Wales unt
ilt
le
year 1
797.
Q. — Return of the Expenditure incurred for military
and Convict Services in the Colonies of New South
Wales and Van Diemen's Land, from the year 178()
to 31 March, 1836; so far as the same has ap-
peared in the Accounts rendered to the Audit-
Office by the Governors and Commissaries.
Disbursements for general service, comprising the
payments for supplies, stores, buildings, transport,
and contingencies, the proportions of which apper-
taining to military, convict, or colonial service cannot
be ascertained from the accounts, 2, 92 1,76 U. 17s. 4(1.;
Disbursements for military service, comprising the
the pay and allowances of the troops and commissariat
department, the construction and repair of barracks
and commissariat magazines, transport stores, con-
tingencies, and the cost of such supplies as are not
included in the preceeding item ; viz. In both colo-
nies, to 24th June, 1827, 416,5572. 7s. Id. : In New
South Wales, from 25th June, 1827 to 31st March,
1836, 522,182i. 17s. lOd.: In Van Diemen's Land,
ditto, 232,996/. 9s.— Total 1,171,736/. 13s. lid.
Disbursements for convict and colonial services,
comprising the superintendence, clothing, and lodg-
ing of convicts, including the cost of such supplies as
are not charged in the first item of " Disbursements
for General Service "; viz. For convict and colonial
services in both colonies, to June 1827, 16O,3S0/.
13s. 6d. ; For convict service in New South Wales,
from June 1827 to 3l8t March 1836, 682,636/. 10s.
lid.; For convict service in Van Diemen's Land,
from June 1827 to 31st March 1 836,326,802/. 1 2s. 5(/.
Total, 1,169,818/. 16s. lOd.— Total expenditure,
5,263,318/. 8s. Id.
The following Receipts are considered to go i'l re-
duction of the above Expenditure ; viz. Premium and
profit on bills and coins, 114,256/. 4s. lOd. ; Proceeds
of sales of stores and provisions to settlers and others
and of damaged and unserviceable articles, 101,20'J/.
18s. 53d.; Receipts from the colonial fund in repay-
ment of stores and provisions for colonial services,
96,977/. 4s. 7d.; Receipts from the colonial fund in
New South Wales, in aid of the expenditure for the
police, veteran companies, &c., 112,830/. Os. M.
Receipts in respect of convict service, including re-
payments from the colonial fund of Van Diemen's land
for the maintenance of convicts employed by the co-
lonial government, 34,020/. 14s. 9(/. Miscellaneous re-
ceipts, consisting of sums received from the collector
of customs for drawback upon spirits issued to the
troops, and for provisions which had been condem-
ned, refunds for deficienci."'S and over-issues, rent of
military canteens, barrack damages, &c., 47,!I01/. lis. [
\\{d. Total, 507,195/. 7s. Id. Net Expenditure,
4,756,123/. Is.
immediate
ntral satis-
t which the
wn hands."
' •' APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA. 207
R.— Return of the Military and Convic-t Expenditure in New South Wales, from 1st January 1632, to
31st March 1H36 ; so far as appears from the Accounts of the Commissaries, and those of the Colo-
nial Treasurer in that Settlement; showing the Amount of each Service in each Year; as also how
much of the same was defrayed from the Revenues of the Colony.
PERIOD.
:: 01 cd Q..S B
3 ^ « = ? S •
o ~
•« -^ =.
■■S < CJ o M o M
tc-
1st January to
31st Decemher
1832.
1st January 1833
to 31st March
1834.
1st April 1834
to 31st March
1835.
1st April 1835
to 31st March
1836.
-, cd fJ rj
■a 73>-'^2'^-3>- bo.-
60=^
' O :
■^ fan H j-i *-*
■^ '"* .C *^ "' '^ I— 1 A .^ ™
5 .2 - -p .2 ;r o i ° .£ -g
f)0907 3
y.'i
67584 15 %\
71712 10 9i
91875 4 6J
" « —
C Q OJ
9 r 1 B
£. «. <i.
78611 6 6^
93568 7 Oi
106249 17 8^
116354 9 83
292079 14 3J ,394784 1 0^
T O T A L.
139518 10 4
161153 2 2J
177962 8 53
208229 14 3i
686863 15 4
. . During this period the military chest
received from the Colonial Fund the sum
of 7,785/., voted by the Legislative
Council to go in aid of the convict ex-
penditure.
During this period the military chest
received from the Colonial Fund 9,037/.
10s., voted by the Legislative Council to
go in aid of the convict expenditure.
. . During this jjcriod the military chest
received from the Colonial Fund the sum
of 20,000;., voted by the Legislative
Council to go in aid of the convict ex-
penditure.
The convict expenditure during this
period includes 19,255/. 14s. Id., paid
from the Colonial Fund for the expendi-
ture of the police and gaols from 1st
July 1835, from which time these
branches of convict expenditure were
transferred from the military chest to the
Colonial Fund.
S.— Return of the Military and Convict Expenditure in Van Diemen's Land, from 1st January 1832 to
31st March 1836 ; Showing the Amount of each Service in each Year; and also whether any Portion
of the same was defrayed from the Revenues of the Colony.
PERIOD.
From 1st January to
31st December 1832.
From Ist January
1833 to 31st March
1834; 15 months.
From 1st April 1834
to 31st March 1835.
From 1 St April 1 835
to 31st March 1836.
C 01 c3 • r;
c cj w t:;
.2 g^n.
^<
c
C
u
C o
„ X bo
^ o
o s ^
t: « «
ca
Q
— .- X w
S *C «._ .S "*
O o
a o P
£ iZi t-
S .E J S
c to ts 1-1
' o
II
a; .t >. o
3..a — <->
<u u ^ o
W) C o o S
.5 To c U S
tn -O 5 fl, "
a.M ^ -M 2.
TOT.\L
EXPENDITURE
£. S. (/.
34357 9 2^
54801 11 5i
30044 \\
36503 11 9i
155706 12 6-t
£. ,!(. d.
66574 18 10
92147 4 1
104745 4 43
115361 11 63
368828 18 104
dd
£. s. (i. j
90932 8 Oi;.. No part of this expenditure
jwas defrayed from the revenues
of the colony.
146948 15 6^1 The same remark.
134789 4 6
151865 3 4
524535 11 4}
The same remark.
The same remark.
iJi
i' ii
%
'
m
111!
I
i
Jl
208
APPENDIX v.— AIJSTRAL.ASIA.
T.— Return of the Military Ex|)cn(lit
ure on account
of the Colonics of New South Wales,
(including the
Settlement at Perth, on
the Western
Coast of Aus-
trnlia), and Van Diomcn's I.aiul, in each year since |
tlic commcnccincnt of tlie Colony;
showiiig what
jiortion has hcen defrayed
out of the A
•niy ICstimatcs,
and what portion out of the Revenues
of the Colony.
HEADS OF SERVICE.
Year.
Regimental
Staff
Total
Services.
Service.
for eacli Year.
£.
£.
£.
17S9
44r.4
, ,
41. VJ
1790
CiSi'H
, ,
6K28
1791
9riOi
, ,
901)1
1792
9.">84
. ,
958 1
1793
99(i()
, ,
9900
1794
9 SCO
, ,
9800
179:>
lOD.U
, ,
IdO.Vl
179<i
13343
, ,
13343
1797
1 7 1 90
, ,
17190
]79«
18219
, ,
18249
1799
10994
• a
10994
1800
18807
, ,
18S07
1801
20124
, ,
20124
1802
19813
, ,
19813
1803
16.'>10
, ,
10510
1804
l,i304
, ,
J 5304
i8or.
l.->003
, ,
15003
180f)
20171
, ,
20171
1807
3022,')
, ,
30225
lt^08(a)
2,VJ74
, ,
25974
1809
43.'5O0
, ,
43500
1810
3730.'j
, ,
8730.5
1811
30084
, ,
30084
1812
310r)4
, ,
31054
1813(6)
42283
, ,
42283
1814
41099
, .
41099
18 If)
22981
1039
24020
181G
20736
1042
27778
1817
32139
1039
33178
1818
22126
1039
23105
1819
21070
1039
22709
1820
22707
1042
2:? 809
1821
24921
190G
20827
1822
22037
1134
23771
1823
34023
1039
35002
1824
322.')4
1042
33296
182r)(r)
47321
1518
48839
1826(d)
61403
1814
63217
1827(d)
61677
1615
63292
1828
63335
1661
64990
1829
03072
1817
64889
1830
50141
1452
51593
1831 (f!)
70928
1446
78374
1832(y)
77135
1222
78357
1833
57704
929
58033
1834
.54011
929
55.540
1835(g')
70923
1453
72376
1836
119932
3404
123336
Totals £.
1601C8I
30621
1632302
(/') l\v a eommnnication from the Treasury, dated
10th June, 1813, it appears that issues of staff pay atul
eontinfrencics were made in New South Wales in
1812; hut no payment was made inidcr the autho-
rity of the secretary of war until 18l.'>. It is pre-
sunicd, therefore, that the expenditure for staff scr-
vices in New South Wales for the period jiriorto IKl,';
was defrayed under the special directions of the lords
conunissioncrs of the treasury.
(f) A corps of veteran companies appears to Imvc
heen fornic(l in New South Wales in 1825; hut Uh
the expense thereof was not provided for in the
estimates for ordinary services, nor any accounts ren-
dered to the war office prior to 1S2k, the (rharsis
iiu'urred for the years 1825, 1820 and 1827, cannot Ijc
stated.
((/) Including the charge for one company of the
staff corps, to defray the expenses of which, the sums
of 2094/. lO.v. 3(1., and 2094i. 10*. 3d. were paid out
of the revenues of New South Wales.
((•) From the year 1831, inclusive, the expenditure
for stalf services includes the pay of clerks and other
persons employed in tlu! military departments.
(/) Includes a jieriod of 15 months, from 1st
.lanuary 1832 to 31st March 1833.
(ir) The expenditure for the year 1836-7 includes
the cost of provisions exceeding the regulated stop-
l)ages, and of forage, fuel and light sup[ilicd in kiiul,
or of money allowances in lieu thereof; allowances in
lieu of lodgings; expenses of postage, office rent,
travelling, &c. &c., which charges were for the jie-
riod prior to the 1st April 1836, defrayed out of the
army extraordinaries.
(tt) From 1808, inclusive, the expenditure includes
the cost of medicines, &c. ; the charges for which
prior to that year were defrayed out of the army
extras.
V. — A return of the sums expended in New South
Wales and Van Diemen's Land, out of the orduiUKv
estimates, in each year since the commencement uf
the colony.
In 1797, description of service, small arms, &c.
New South Wales, 255/. In 1823, descrii)tion of
service, clothing and tools for convicts, New Soutli
Wales, 20122/.; Van Diemen's Land, 2543. In
1830-7, description of service, pay of civil ollicors,
New South Wales, 585/ ; Van Diemen's Land, .'Ml/.
Total of New South W'ales, 209i;2/. Total of Vnu
Diemen's Land, 2884.
Mrmoramluni. — The undermentioned smns wck
provided in the ordnance estimates for 1837-8; but
the accounts of the actual ex|)enditure have not yrt
heen received ; viz. : New South Wales — pay nf civil
officers, 640/. ; ordnance works and repairs, \)*0V.;
storekeepers' expenditure for artificers, lahoururs,
&c. 1500/.; huilding and repairs of barracks, fi407(. ;
barrack-masters' expenditure, 540/. ; total, 108'J-1(,
Van Diemen'sLand — pay of civil officers, 340/. ; oiil-
nance works and repairs, 500/. ; storekeepers' ex-
penditure for artificers, labourers, &c. 400/.; build-
ing and repairs of barracks, 2182/,; barrack- masters'
expenditure, 160/.; total, 3582/.
To the right lionoi
APPENDIX v.— AU31 HAL-ASIA.
209
X — .Return of the Amoiint of British Funds raised for the vnrioiis services in the Colonies of Now South Wales
and Van Diemen's Land, from tlie year 17H(; to M ALirch, iHliO ; so fur as has appeared from the Accounts
in the Audit-OlViee rendered hy the (iovernors and Commissaries in those settlements, and from the Ac-
counts of the successive Colonial .\ nts for the same in I''na;iand.
Hills drawn hy the governors and commissaries on the Lords of the Treasury 4, ^^2(), 19!'/. ')». TuL ; Bills
drawn hy the commissaries on the eommissary-in-chief, or aj^ents for commissariat supplies, ii('),H88L 2.v. '>\(/.;
Specie coi\sii;ned from I'.nnland, 27(),(')lli/. WVv, <jil.; Received in repayment of advances made hy the Lords
of the Treasury for emii^iation service, 1^4,')!:,'/. IH.i. \d. ; Received proceeds of the sale of provisions and
stores ship|)ed hy the Admiralty, including receipts from settlers for slop-clothing issued to convicts assigned
to them as servants, 2(),r)24/. (is. Ihil.; Imprests from the I'^xchequer to the agents in Knglaiid, 4().'),()47L
\Ci.i. 4'|(<. ; Receiv(}(! hy the agents m England from the Lords of the Treasury, 42,7'j:!^ 10s. — Total,
.'-.,028,609/. 1<">.«. 2i^/.
[It is proper to ohserve, that a portion of the above funds was appropriated to the discharge of services quite
unconnected with the colonies ; viz. the payment of Chelsea pensions, Greenwich pensions, widows' iien-
sions, military half-pay, compassionate and retired allov.-ances, and advances for navy and otiicr services.
The Return includes, in fact, all the funds supplied by this country on account of these colonies, whether
for military, naval, convict, or colonial service, so far as the same can he ascertained from the accounts
describeil in this Abstract.]
Y.-\VO()[. OK AU.STI{AI.-.\.S1A.
[As the wool trade of Austral- Asia is a Mili.'cct of iiatloiml iinportancr, tlic fiillowitiR: oflSrial (loeunK-nts sliewing its
coimncncomont deserve bcini^ pluceil on recnrd.l
C()|)y of a statement ilulivcrea by Cuptaiii .Macaitliur at llie Itislit Honourable Lord llobart's ofiice, Sflth .lulv,
18U;i.
Stiitementdf llw imprni'fment itndprn-^reHx of till' hri'ed iif line wniillfil sliiv/) in AV'c Sniit't Il'd/'-.v. — The samples nf
won! hroiisht from Now Sniitli Wales liavinir evciti'd tlie nirticular i'.ttentinu of tlu' luereiiaiits ;iiid prineipal 1Ciib;1;s1i
manufacturers, Captain Maeartliiir e<iiisiders it liis duty L'-peelfullv to represent to liis Al;ijesty's ministers, tliat lie lias
found, IroMi an I'Xiierionee of many years, tlie elimato of Neiv .Sontli Wales peeuliarly adapted to the inerea<e of fine
woolled slieP|i ; and tlmt, from tlie unlimited e.vtent of luNuriant pa^rures witli wliieli tlial country aliounds, millions of
those valiialde animals may lie raised in a few yiars, with but littlu other cviienee than the hire of a few shepherds.
The specimens of wo'l that Captain Maeaitlmr lias with him have been in-speeted by the be.st JudRcs of wool in tlii^
kingdom, and lliey are ot opinion that it ]io...se^ses a soltness superior to m my of the wools of Spain ; and that it cer-
tainly is e<|ual, in every viiliiable projicrty, to the very best that is to be obtained from thence.
Tlic sheep produeini; tliis fine wool are of tlie Spanish kind, sent originally from Holland to the Cape of fiood Hope,
and taken from tlienec to Port Jackson.
Captain Macarthur beiiiu: persuaded that the propagation of those animals would be of the utmost conse(|uence to
tills country, procured, in 17')", three rams and five ewes ; and he lias since had tlie sati-faciion to sec tlieui rapidly
increase, their lleeces auiruieiil in weij^ht, and tlie wool very visibly improve in quality. When Captain Maearthur lelt
I'ortJackson in IMiil, the heaviest rtieee that had then lieen shorn weighed only :)llbs., but he hr.s received reports of
Isoa, from which he learns that the lleeces of liis siiei'p were increased to .5lbs. eacli ; in the urease the average wcijilit
of the fleeces of fine woolled sheep in New .Siiith Wales, when w.ashcd, is ."Jibs.) and that the wool is finer and softer
than the wool of the precediiijr year. The fleece of one (d the sheep oriKiiially imiiortod from the Cape of Good Hope
has been valued here at 4s. 6U. per lb., and a fleece of tlie same kind bred in New South Wale^, is estimated at (i.t.
per lb.
lieinp once in the possession of this valuable breerl, and bavins ascerlained that they improved in that climate, lie
became anxious to extend them as miieh as possible ; he therefore cio.ssed all the mixed bred ewes of which his flocks
were composed with Spanish rams. The lambs produced from this cross were luuoh imprnvcd: but when they were
nKain crossed the change far exceeded his most sanj^nine expectations. In four crosses, be is of opinion, no distinction
will be perceptible between the pure and the mixed breed. As a proof of the extraordinary and rapid improvement of his
lliieks. Captain Macarthur has exhiliited the fleece of a coarse woolled ewe, that has been valued at yd. per lb., and the
llcece other lamb, begotten by a Spanish ram, which is allowed to he worth ;i,s-. per lb.
Captain .Macarthur has now about lOdii sheep, amonf;st which there are no rams liut of the Spanish breed, Ue cal-
culates they will, with proper care, double themselves every two years and a half; and that in 'JD years they will be so
increased as to produce as much flue wool as is now imp(uted fiom Spain and other countries at an annual expense of
l,K(ii),m)0/. sterling. To makcthe principle perlectly plain upon which Captain .Macarlhur founds this expectation, he begs
til state that hall his flock has been raised from ;i(i ewes, purchased in I7!);l, outofasliip from India, and Irom about
ciijlit or ten Spanish and Iri^li sheep, purcliased since. The other half of his tlock were obtained in 1801 by purchases from
an officer who had raised tliem in the same time, and from about the same number of ewes that Captain Macarthur
commenced with. This statement proves that the sheep have hitherto multiplied more rapidly tliaii it i^ calculated they
will do in future ; but this is atttibnted to the first ewes beiii!; of a more prolific kind than the Spanish sheep are found
to be ; for since Captain Macarthur has directed his attention to that breed, he has observed the cwcs do not so often
produce double lambs.
As a further confirmation of the principle of increase that Captain.Macartliur has endeavoured to establish, and which
he is positive time will prove to be correct, he would reler to the general returns transmitted friun New South Wales.
Ill irilt' (since when not loit sheep have been importedi, ir'l were returned as the public und private slock otthecolony.
In isoi, ()757 were returned : and although between those periods all the males have been killed, as soon as they became
fit, yet there is a surplus ovir the calculation ot 6M.
Captain Macarthur i-. so convinced of the practicability of supplying this country with any (piantity of fine wool it
may require, tliat he is earnestly solicitous to prosecute this, as it appears to him. Important object, and, on his return
to New South Wales, to devote his whole attention to accelerate its cimiplcte attainment. All the risk attendant on the
undertaking he will cheerfully bear ; he will rciiuirc no pecuniary aid, and all the encouragement he humbly solicits is,
the protection of government, permission to occupy a sufficient tract of unoccupied lands to feed his flock, aiul the in-
dulgence of selecting from amongst the convicts such men lor shepherds as may, from their previous occupations, know
sonu tiling of the business.
London, •26th July, 1803. (signed) John Macarthur.
To the right honourable the lords of the conimmittec of bis Majesty's most honourahlo privy council appointed for the
ciuisideration of all matters rel.nnig to trade and foreign plan' Uions.
The memorial of Captain John .Macartliui ino.st respeet'ully states, tliat, as some doul:t^ have been expressed of the
practicability of increasing the production id fine wool in New Soutli Wales, to the extent tliat has been describeil in the
memorials wliicii have been pre^entcd to the light hoiiourahle the lords commissioners o/ his Majesty'.s treasury, your
lordships' memorialist feels it incuuibent upon him resiieetfully to endeavour to remove those doubti by a repetition of
the principal tacts contained in the representation he has already li.id the honour to make, and to accompany it witlisuch
further explanations and with a reference to such evidence as he humbly hopes may be considered conclusive.
In the year 1797, your memorialist procured from llic Cape of Good Hope three rams and five ewes oi the Spanish
I •^^' i
^10
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRM-ASIA.
breed of nhopp, nnri liclnir rT'iwIPrt that these nnimnls misht lie of (jreat ronicqiii'iipn tn Hie colony of New South
Wnlrs, he paid very imrtirnlnr attention to preserve the hrecil pure. He hud soon the satisfaction to see tlieni increase
and the fleeees of their offsprinir Imiirove in fineness and anement in weiirht. '
Ilavini; a«rertainedtlin-e farts, and heini; desirons to extend tlie (irowtli of fine wool as mneh as possilile, heeaitsed
all the mixed lired ewes (if wliirii his flcirks were eoniposed, to l)e eros^ed witli rnins of the Spaidsh kind ; tlie lamhs pm.
diieed from this eross were elcthed with wo(d inrtnilely snpcrior to tliiit of tlieir mothers; hut when tlie ernss was
repeated apain, the Imrrovenient hecanie irreater than his most sanKiiine expeetatinns liad indiiceil him tn calcnl ile
upon, Inasmuch that he is of opinion no distinction will be pcrceptilde in four crosses betwixt the pure and tlie mix. '{I
breed.
Wlien vonr lordships' memorialist left Port Jacltson in isni, his flocks confisted of more than anon sheep, the wImIc
of which hart been bred from alioiit ,11' ewos in little more tiian seven years j and by the returns that he has received of ino>
his flork were increased to ;t(ioo. lie has not yet received any accounts of tlie year isoil, hut he concludes there must
tiicn have been about lOOO ; beyond which he lias no expectation they have ircreased, as the whole of tho lands conti-
RUous tc his faims have, since his departure from the colnny, been api>ropriated tor cultivation.
Your lordships' memcrialist hroncht with him to FnL'liiid as samples, fleeces shorn from the sheep imported from
the Cat'e of (iood Hope, fleeces slwirn frr'iii tliclr proKeiiy hrcl in New .South Wales, and fleeces shorn from sheep of thn
mixed breed, who^e dams bore nothing hut hair or coarse wo(d. When tliese samples were shown to the most emiiii>nt
manufacturers and merchants concerned in the woollen trade, tliey nil concurred in opinion that the worst specimiiis
of the mixed breed would be valimble here, and that the specimens of tlie finest kind bred in New South Wales wnro
much superior to the wool of the oriirinal sheep inipoited from the Cape of (Jood Hope, and tliat they wcio etjual to the
very best we ever receive from Spain j indeed some of tlir manufacturers declared the wool to be superior to Spansli
M'ool in many respect--, and that If they could procure a snflicicnt supply, it would enabletliem to surpass all other countries
in the manufacture of tlie liest woollen cloths. But of tlic-e opini(ms, perhaps, it would lie superfluous to say more, as
the riumcrotis memoiials presented to tlie lords of the treasury from the manufacturers and merchants, must contain
moip decisive evidence than any other testimony that can be ofTored upon the subject.
Yonr lordsliips' memorialist is entirely convinced, from tlie niimberofshccpth.it have already been bred in New
South Wall's, and from tho improvement which ho has witnessed in the quality of the wool, that millions of sheep may be
raised in that country, and that in a few years tlie present stock, by proper attention, mav be so increased as to produce
a trreater C|uaiitity of fine wool than we arc now obliiied to purchase from Spain, and which he has ascertained, hy the
proposals of si me eminent ^llipowncrs, may he broiiL'lit hither from New South Wales at no preater freight tlian i.s paid
for the frei.'ht of cotton w ol from the fast Indies, namely 'Ml. per lb. in tho time of war, and \\d. in iicacc.
It is impossible any one can feel more anviety than your lordsliips' memorialist, not to advance a single assertion
that he is not convinced to be correct, and his anxiety extends to a desire of removing every doubt, and of aiiswerinff
every objection tliat can lie urced by a reference to the liest evidence tlie nature of the case will admit. He declares
that all llic sheep wliiih have been bred in New South Wales have been rcarod in the woods upon liie natural grasses.
These erasses are, in all seasons, rieli and nbundnut, and when tliey become too rank they are burnt off, and are almost
immediately succeeded by a younj; and sweeter herbic:e, wliich tiie sheep irrccdily eat and keep bare. The tracts of
land adapted for pasture are so boundless, tliat no assiijniihte limitation can be set to the number of fine wooliod slicep
wiiicli may be raided in that country, with but little otiicr expense than the hire and food of the sliepherds. The native
woods, instead of makiiiir the erass sour, are irenerally so open as not to deteriorate its (piality ; whilst they at the same
time afford a salutary shelter from tlie scoichinir rays of tiie sun in summer, and from tiie chiiliriKcold of tiic wind in
winter. To lliis the extraordinary soltness that tlic wool is f uind to possess may be attributed, for perhaps notliins
can more contribute to preserve and improve tlie fineness of wool, tiian the keepinir sheen in a mild and equal tempera,
tore, and screeuinK them as much as may be possible against the natural inequalities of the seasons.
To prove these facts, your lordships' memorialist would icspectfully entriMt to lefer to Captain Hunter, the prede.
ccssor of (iovernor King, and to Captain Watcrhouse of tiie royal navy, who was many years in New Soutli Wales,
Indeed, your memorialist, solicitous to remove all snspiciiui of tlie correctness of liis statements, wrote to tho latter
offleer some time ago upon the subject, and he has now the honour to subjoin a copy of his letter, with a copy of Cap.
tain Waterhouse's reply ; he has niso annexed the names and addresses of several respectable officers and geniieim-ii
who have had opportunities to mnkc their own observations upon the pastures in New South Wales, and who have seeu
how well sheep thrive upon them.
With such a prospect of becoming useful to his country, as the foregoing facts afford, your lordships' memoriaUst
lias long entertained an ardent desire to return to New South Wales, and to devote his wliole attention to the increase
and improvement of his flocks. And having understood that his Majesty's ministers were more disposed to approve of
the undertaking being carried on liy a company than by an inilividnal, he liad tlie lionoiirto submit a plan for tlie for-
inatiou of the company to the right hoiiouralde the lords of tiie treasury. [Thi.s company was not formed; itistlicre-
fore unnecessary to give Mr. Macarthnr's plan.j
Your lordships' memorialist rcspectlnlly hopes that the statement he has now given, and the evidence he has referred
to in corroboration of it, will remove every doubt ; and he pcrsii.ades himself that under no possible cireiimstance an
attempt to supply this country witii fine woid, the podnctiim of its own colony, can appear to your lordships inipoliiic,
or in any degree hazardous ; for, as your memorialist requires no pecuniary aid, tlie hazard would be all his own : and
even for a moment supposing liipi to be -nistakcn (wliicli, however, he cannot in justice to himself admit to he possihic,
founded as his opinions have been upiui sti many years' successful experience), yet tlie infant settlements of Newsriitli
Wales could not derive but great advantage and security from such an abundanl supply of animal food as must
Indisputably be raised.
Your memorialist will no lonircr trespass npon your lordships' attention than to say, that if your lordships shall lio
pleased to sanction him in the undertaking, on behalf ' 'a company, he will submit to your lordships' considerati.m tlie
ranies of the many respectable persons wlio liave offered tliiir assistance, and declared their willingness to fmin a
company.
But should your lordships more approve making the experiment on a small scale, upon the individual account of
your memorialist, lie will most chcerlully commence it with an allotment of 10,000 acres of land, and peri!ri-.sion to
select 30 convicts for shepherds.
Your lordships' memorialist would choose the land 10 miles from any of the settlements where there is c lUivatina ;
and he would engage, in return forthe indulgence, to supply the public with all tho sheep it might lie proper to kill, at a
stipulated price i hy which means your lordsliips' memorialist liumbly presumes the expenses of government in that
colony would be very much diminished in a few years.
Great George- street, 4tli May, ISO*. (signed) John Macartlmr.
Proceedings before the privy council, July 1804. At the council chamber, Whitehall, the fith of July ism.
Their lordships took into con-ideration a proposition from Caiitain Macatthur for encouraging the breed of fine
woolled sheep in New South Wali-s, together with the seveial papers on the same subject.
Captain Macarthur attended aiul stated tiiat he had resided in New South Wales II years, and held lands there, a
very small part only of which lands were in cultivation, and tliat he pastured the rest with sheep and cattle.
The following questions were tlicn put to Captain Macartlmr : —
Wliat is the nature and quality of the land in New South Wales?— Rich and strong, so much so, that \vc a-c
obliged to burn off tlie long gra-^s and feed tho sheep upon the young pruss: there .ire different sorts of grass, seme
resembling the couch grass in this country! anotlicr sort is a short grass of a succulent nature, proper for leuiliiig
sheep.
Suppose those lands on which sheep are now fed were to be turned to the purposes of cultivation, arc there otlicr
lands further on pioper lor the feed of shccpf — I think there are, and letter caltulated Ijr the purpose, and mt
uubouiided extent.
Were there other
amounted to one-thir
Were the sheep Ik
cnl'inv wild las paid i
Ot what kind are
fi;)in were of the Ueni
Itiini acioss between I
sheep aiipro,ieh more
nlifained a number ol
iilitiiiuMl, what I con
Siianisli or Merino rac
w ml, or being of tlio
i-iiarsc wTolled sort,
will, fouu le I on ;in i
Wliai do voii cone
tlie breed of fine wooll
and to give a siu ill ad
are inclineil to engage
Captain Macarthui
nil acre of land to kee
than 1'200 acres; thes
P'lrchased from a foi
settler in the colony.
Heiog asked as to
Are tliere any auii
nniinil somewhat bet\
tliev will not approach
of the wetness of the i
Do the natives mi;
live upon wliat tliey c;
Captain Macartliu
prant of land to him, i
llepliod, he is so con
IiriH'ced ill tlie busines
u!' the measure.
If the objecl; shoul
that event. Captain ,M
incur in fencing, tSic,
You hftve been goi
How long is it sine
la there a cou-iider
considerable (piautity i
the grass appears to be
Is the grass of a co
times tliree feet high.
Is not tlie climate
Is it not subject to
wliole year.
Did you pay attent
stock was from Bengal
from the cross breed sn
convicts.
Were there any Sji
there a inirchase of siu
their introduction into
The convicts have
iroWsions from tliis or
port. The price of win
Do you know Ca)
oiuiitry, and has been
oiiinion that a great iji
attending to.
Do you aiipreliend
to and increase their fl.
to sucli grants. I niai
Are the rains so
sheep. Captain Macai
The Lords of thee
slioep, \-c. in New Soi
veriior of New South V
time since received,
lordsliips were pleased
by him to the lords eoi
woolled slicep in New
letter stating that thei
from the opinion of tin
foro mentioned, that it
New South Wales, aric
That their lordship
colony, and witliout li
ill? an unconditional g
tard or prevent the otii
line wool, or perliaps,
Tl.it the lords of tl
New South Wales to ki
That the Committi
South Wales, with ins
r Kir Icediii;;
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
211
Wore there other of the «cttleri who kept sheep besides yourself f— A consiilernWe number ; but I suppose my flock
iniDiintcd to one.third of tlie wliole.
Were the sheep bclnnpiiinr to tbo other settlers of the Rftine (piality as yo\irs ?— No i I know no otlicr pi'rson in the
cnl'iiiv wh<i l.as paid nnv uttcntion to the iniprovi'iiieut i)f the wool.
Ol whnt kinil nre vour sheep, find what is tlie kind of the slici-p of the eountry f— The sheep I first heprnn to breed
ff.im wi'r(! of the HenRiil rnce, welijhiiiur iihout rtll>s. per qiiirter: I improved these bv rams ef ii Ifirirer l)riMvl, oht lined
iVirn acioss between theCape ewe nnd some rams of the KnKlish breed lieatlnff wool, (The Beeees of tlie IJencril and C'aiio
s'liM'p approaeh more nearly to hair tliau to woal.) | cannot ascertain tlie particular breed of the rams. I afterwards
iilitained a number of ewes of tlie Ca|)el>reed, and these ( continued to cross wiHi rams bcarlna; wool j by this means I
..lit lined, what I eoneeived to be, a fine breel of sheep. In the year 171J7 I procured three rams and five ewes of the
Siianish or Merino race ; I bred as many of this pure breed as possible, ami crossed all the otlier ewes bearing coarse
will, or heiniir of the hilry sort, with rams of this Spanish breed. Tlie sheep in the colony are mostly of the hairy and
ciiiirse w'jolled sort. I conceive that there exists a sort of prejudice In the colinv in favour of the sheep bearing inferior
will, foun le I on an oiiinion tliit the (ureasses of suidi sheep are the m'nt profitable.
Wliai do vou conceive to lie tin' best mode of encoiiras;emeiit to bo lield out to the settlers, with a view to prom'ito
the breed of fine woollel sheep >—Ti) feed the inhabitints on mutton rather thin on provi-iions sent from this country,
niul til irive a smill additional price on the carcasses of sheep of the pure Siianish breed, and grants of lands to those who
arc inclined to encaffe in the liree lini; of fine woolle I sheep.
Captain Maearthnr stated that bis slieeo weighed ah lut ifilbi. per quarter, and that he thou'^ht each sheep required
,111 acre of land to keep it. He al<o stated that no (fr.ants have hitherto luen made to any inillvid lal of s;n' iter e\tcnt
tlnn I'iHO acres; these itranls are ijiven in perpetuity. Cantain Macarthur poise^ses about 11)00 acres, part of which wis
ivircliased from a former proprietor ; he is preparing shortly to return to New Sjutli Wales in any event, as a civil
settler in the colony.
lieinir asked as to the nnmhcr of settlers in the colony, supposes them to amount tT about inni.
Are tliere anv aiiim lis in N'ew S mth VV.iles destructive to the slieep !— N'.inc, unless the native do:?, wlilf!h is an
aiilinil soinewliat between a fox and a wo'f ; there are not many of tiiem, and they are so timid in their nature that
tlii'v will not approich the sheep by d ly. Captain Maearthur was in the Inliit of housing his sheepevery nightby reason
of the wetness of the climate .at certain periods of the year ; eai'h of bis fioeks have a yard and a shed.
Do the natives mix nindi witli the settlers? -They come am iiig the settlers familiarly, but have no fixed abode, and
live upon what they can find for themselves.
Captain Maearthur beini; asked, whether in case it should be found objectionable to recommend the makine: a specific
(rrant of laiiil to him, any otlier measures could be taken for eflFeetually encouraging the breed of fine wnoUed sheep I —
lloplied, he is so convinced of the advantage which would result to the country, that he should most cheerfully
priieeed in the business upon receiving a conditional grant of land, until government shall be satisfied of the importance
u:' the measure.
If the object should not be found to answer the expect.ations of government, such gr,int to be resumable ; but, in
timt event. Captain M icartiinr cxiiresscd a hope tliat he should be indemniftjd tor the expenses he must unavoidably
incur in fencing, tS;c., which he ealcu'ated w.juld not exceed the sum of Uii)i)(.
(iovenior Hunter attending, was called in, and examined; as follows :
You have been governor of N'ew South Wales > —I have.
How long is it since you returned > — About three years.
Is there a cou'^iderable (piintity of grass grounil in Ne\v South Wales, in cimnvin and unemployed ?— There is a very
(■.insideralile (piaiitity of pasture I iiid, both clear of wood anil covered with grass lit for ciltle and for slicep. The (juality of
the grass appears to he cxeelleiit, as the hay i>i,«le of it is preferreil by strange cattle to that of their native soil.
Is tlic grass of a coarse or line pile !— Some ciarse, but a great deal of line pile ; it grows very luxuriantly, and is some-
times three feet high.
Is not the climate favourable to agriculture and for the breed of cattle > — The latitude is ai'^, and it is a very fine climate.
Is it not subject to great rains .'—There arc no periodical rains ; the climate is variable, and the pasture is good the
wliole year.
Did you pay attention to the nature of the sheep during your residence there, and particularly to the wool ?— The first
ftock was from Bengal and from the Cajie of Good Hope, with a few English sheep ; their wo(d was hairy, but the fleeces
from the cross breed soon improved and became very gtiod : cloth was made of it, which was very fit for the clothing of the
convicts.
Were there any Spanish sheep !— Two officers whom I sent to the Cape of Good Hope h.ad an opportunity of making
t'lere a purchase of some Spanish sheep, which had belonged to Colonel (Jordou, a Dutch otlicer well known ; and since
their introduction into N'ew South Wales, the wool improved very inueh.
The convicts have been fed by government hitherto on salt provisions and the gr.ain of the countrj-; but a supjily of
p-ovisions from this or any foreign country will not long be necessary, as the colony will produce enough for its own sup-
port. The price of wheat was lo.s-. per Imshel, as established by governor Philip, ami this price procured a good supply.
Do you know Captain Maearthur, who has been in that country ?— I do. He has the largest stock of sheep in that
cnuiitry, and has been very industrious in improving his tlock and the breed of cattle ; and with care .and attention, I am of
(iliinion that a great quantity of fine wool may be produced. I have no doubt that any offer he may make will be worth
iitteniliiig to.
Do you apprehend that there would he any great objection to the making grants of lands to persons disposed to attend
to and increase their Hocks of sheep and cattle ? — Tliere is so much land that I cannot conceive there can be any objection
to such grants. I ni.ade some grants larger than usual uiioii aiiiilicatioiis of that nature, and for that purpose.
Are the rains so violent as to injure the sheep ? — I have known it rain violently for a week. Wo always housed our
sheep. Captain Maearthur made an experiment of keeping his sheep out, but lost a good many liy it.
The 14th July, 1804.
The Lords of the committee having resumed the eimsideration of the several papers relative to the breed of flue wonllcd
sheep, ^.-c. in N'ew South Wales, and of the examination thereon of Caiitain Maearthur, John Hunter, 12sq., formerly go-
vernor of New South Wales, and John Prinsep, Esq., a uierchant of the city of London, from whom a proposition was sinie
time since received, and has underg'ine some con> ir'.eratiin, relative to opening a regular trade with Port Jackson, tiuir
Inrdsliips were pleased to order that a copy of the uKinoriJ presented by Captain Maearthur, and of a proposal submitted
by him to the lords commissioners of his Majesty's treasury for e.^tablislung a comiiany to encourage the increase of fine
wimllcd sheep in New South Wales, be transmitted to Edward Cooke, Esi]., for the information of Lord Camden, with a
letter stating that their lordships are of opinion, from tlic evidence in the papers relating to Captain Maearthur'spetitiim,
from the opinion of the manufacturers of cloth, stated in their memorials, and from the examination of the gentlemen be-
fore mentioned, that it is probable wool of very fine (luality, suited to the manufacture of fine chith, maybe produced in
New South Wales, and brought to this country at a price which the manufacturers can aflford to give for that material.
That their lordships also conceive, that without more knowledge than th"y now possess of the nature and state of the
colony, and without lull communication with the governor of the settlement, ineoiivcnience might arise from recommend-
ing an unconditional grant of lands to Mr. Maearthur, or to a joint cimiiiany, o- to any individual, as such grant might re-
tard or prevent the other inliahitants of New South Wales from turning their atte.ition to the growth and improvement of
line wool, or perhajis, in other repeets, counlcraet the improvement of the colony.
That the lords of the committee, however, are of opiniim that encouragement ought to be held out to the inhabitants of
New South Wales to keep a breed of sheep with fine wool, and to improve its quality as much as possible.
That the Committee arc incUiied to recommend that Mr. Maearthur's plan should be referred to the governor of New
South Wales, with instructions to give every encouragement to the growth of fine wool, and to report liis opinion on the
I' il
913
Al'PENDIX v.— AUSTUAL-ASIA.
petition of Mr. Mdrarthiir, nnil on the pinn of n joint ccmpany ; and tlinf lip sln)ul<l lie furflicr (lircrtpd to stnto iil-o in vi
niixnnor lie conri'ivrs tlir (.'rowtli of firii' woiil cvm l]t"<t he iMWiiarwcd, touri'tluT witlitlie liopos lie iniiy fiitei-tain tlm't -i fii i
of llmt nrtific cnii la- ntt'onlfd from New Soutii Willi's, m\d to wliat extent snoli Mipiily is lilifly to lie olitiincd uml viiil-
What spnci'of tinu'. ' '"""wnjuii
TImt till" lords of tlio eomniittcp tliinl< it rittlit to oliscrvc that a ronditional trrant of lands of a rcasonaMr cxHMit m
he, porlia|)s, witli safety (fraiiti-d to Mr. Maeartlnir for the pisturai^L' of sheep only, or to other persons, proviiled a mlw^
be reserved in such triant to resnnie the fame at any fntnre |i;'rl )d, on civini^: other land fnrtlier (list mt from tlie eidi vntii
land of the colony (with reasonalile indenniilieation for expenses inenrred in feneint;, iSie,,! and tlmt sncU enndltion d irrn t
woidd not cramp tlie cnltivation of tlie colony, or he attended witli l)ad eflVet.s in any manner at ore ent annircnV t , o
lords of tlieecmnnittee. " '""^'"f™
That in addition to these enconrasrenients, it occurs to their I.oidshiiis that the (rovernor shonld lu- diri'cte I to nrovid.
mnttoii for tlic food of tlie convicts ratlier than to feed tlirm on sr.ited provl.iiuis ; and tliat it nii(»lit cipi.dly tcnii (,) eii
conra(;e tlie lireed of slieep wiHi fine wool, if it were reennunended to the ;;overnor to pnrehase oily that de^criiiUMi ni'
phcep for tliat purpose, or at least to trivc a preference to slieeii of that descriplion over any oilier kind, and to i^lve an 'I'l
vaneed jiricc for tiie slieep with rtnc wool. 'I'hiit many otlier ways may, however, occur to the (foveriior, from his loc-.i
knowledge, of proniutinp an object so important to this country j and tlut ho kIiuuIU he directcil to ttate the same to I or
Camden. '
That from tlie information obtained from the fleeces l)ron":ht from the selllement in ((uestion, and from the dp<eriiitl'in
driven of tlic climate of tlic colony, the iord-i of the commiltei are led to imi:,niie and enti'rtain Inipes that wool of a ii.,..
ipiality may he produced in tliis col:)iiy ; and tliat as wool of such fine ipi dity is much wanted and desired liy tlie nnn'ufi-
tiirers of el ith in Knt,'laud, it heim; mistly drawn at this time frini a country inducneed, if not dependent on I'rance, tli ir
lordships entertain no donht tlmt it is well deservinu the attention of ids MajestyVs ifovernincnt to cncouraKe the produce ni
fine wool in the colony of New South Wales.
Z.— STATE I'APEll.S.
Extrnrt of a Letter from Gneernor Philips, lliiliiiii/ B'ltl, t:t the Hi'^iU lloii. f.wd Sj/diiei/, dated Sidney Core, \M
Fclinifirn, 17!)0.
[Tlic follnwiiif!: extracts from State Pajicr-s will convey a itiiowiedsc of tlio early condition of ttie now rtonrishins; settle.
mcnt in Australia.]
I ha 1 the lioiiour of inf^rmin'i■ your lorilship, that a selHement was intciuled to lie made at a place I na.iicd Hosc-liill,
At tlie iiead of this harbour tliere is a creeli, wliieli at iialf flood has water fiu' larirc boats to (,'o tlirec miles nji : and nmi
mile liiKlier the w.ater is fresh and the soil i^ood, — a very iiidiistrions man, whim I lironjjlit from I'luriaiid, is employed tliero
at present, and has under his direction a linndred eoiKicts who wort; in cleariii;,- and cnilivaliujj: the ground. A Imru, t^ru-
nary, and other necessary Imii'liii'jfs arc erected, and ;i7 arivs in corn promise a (food crip. The soil is (irood, ami liio
country for •>» miles to tlie westward, whieii is as far as I iiave examined, lies well for cultivation ; hut even there the laliniir
of cieariiiH: ttic irround is very (;reat, and I iiavc seen none that can lie cultivated without cuttiiii; down the timlier, ex(i;)t
some lew particular spots, which from their situation, lyii'K at a distance Irom citlier of the lirirboursi can be of no adviiii.
tajrc to us at present ; and I presume, the meadows mentioned in Captain Cooli's voyapre were seen from tiie hi(;h jfroiuKi,
aliove Untany Hay, and from wlienee they appear well to the eye, but when examined, are found to he marshes, tlie drain,
ins of wliieii wouhi lie a work of time, and not to lie attempted by the first settlers.
The captain's p:nan!, which until lately <lid duty at Rose-lull, is now reduced to a lieutenant and twelve privates, and in-
tended merely as a tuard to the str.re wliieii contains tile iirovi^ious, and wliicli is in tiie rcdonlit ; for I am now seusiiJe
there is nothing to lie ap))rehendcd from the natives, and the little attention whicli hadlicen desired of tiie orticcrs, more tliiin
what was immediately sarrison duty, when at Kose-liill, is now no lonjjer recpiired.
At Sydney Cove all the officers are in frood huts, and tiie men in barracks, and altliouKli many unforeseen difficiitii's
have lieeu met with, 1 believe tliere is not an iiidividu.nl, from tlie governor to the private soldier, whose situation is nut
more clisrible at this time than he had any reason to expect it could be in the course of three years station ; and it is tlic
same with the convicts, and those who iiave been any ways industrimis, liavo vcf^etaldcs in plenty. The bnildinu's iimv
carryinsr on are of bricii and stone. Tlie house intended for myself was to consist of only three rooms, but liaviuK- a (-"'li
foundation has been enlarged, contains si.x rooms, and is so well built, that 1 presume it will stand for agreat immlicrLi
years.
Tiic stores liave been lately over run with rats, and they are etiually numerous in tlie gardens, where they do considi ralile
damajfc ; and as the loss in the stores could only be known by removing' eJl the provisions, that work was onlered to In'
done, and many casks of flower and rice were found t;i be dam.iKcd, or totally liestroyed. Tlie loss in these two articles liy
the rats, since lamlinu', has been more tlian twelve thous.-.nd wei;,'ht.
Ve};etables and provisi(nis liaviuf; ticen frequently stolen in tlie rd;r!it from the convicts and otiicrs, twelve convicts v.cro
chosen as a iiiplit vatch, and they iiave actually answered the end proposed, no robbery havin^r lieeii eonuiiittcil jrr
several months, and tlie convicts in general have behaved better than I ever expected. Only two convicts have su^Kad
deatli in the last year. Four were exeeuteil the first year.
As near two years have now passed since we first iaiuled in this cc.nntr}-, some judg:mcnt may lie formed of the eiir.uitr,
and I believe a finer or more iienitliy one is not to be found in any part of tlie world. Of l(i;)il people who were lam!;. 1,
many of whom were worn out by old ape, the scurvy and various disorders; only -j; have died in l'I months, and by Me
sur^ceon's returns it appears, that '.'(i of liiosc died from disorders cfloiiji: standing, and which, it is more tiiwi pvoiiabit,
would have carried them off much sooner in F.ni:;ianil. Fifty-nine children liavc lieen born in tlie above time.
In December, the corn at Kose-hill was pot in ; the cc:rn was cxeecdiuu-ly ffood ; about 'idll busiiels of wheat, and about lid
of liarley, witli a small iiuantity of rtax, Indian corn, and oats; all of wliicli is jireserved for seed. Here I hcf; leave todli-
serve to your lordship, that if settlers are sent out, and the convicts divided amongst them, tins settlement will very shoiil;
maintain itself, hut without \\'hicli, this country cannot be cultivated to any advantau:e. At present, 1 have only one por-
son (who has about a hundred convicts under Ids directh'ii) who is eniiiioyed in cultivatinp tlic gniund for the piiiilic lieiicii',
and lie has returned the (piantity of corn aliove mentioned into the iiuldic store; tiie officers have not raised sulhcient tii
support the little stock they have. Some ground I have had in cultivation will return 4(i liushels of wheat into store ; sn
that the produce of the labour of tlie convicts employed in cultivation lias been short of what migiit have lieen expec'™;
a.'d wliicli I take tlie liberty of piiintnig out to y<iur hirdsiiip, in tliis place, to show as fully as possible, the state of this col in;,
and the necessity of convicts being employed by tiiem who have an interest in their labour. The giving convicts to tiic ofmi rs
has been hitherto necessary, but it is attended with many inconveniences, for which the adv.antages arising to the oihcirs
(!') not make amends ; it will therefore be discontinued alter this detacliincnt is relieved unless particulaily directed. Tiic
numbers employed in cultivation will, of course, he Increased, as tlie necessary buildings are finished.
In November, the Supjdy sailed for Norfolk island with some convicts, and returned after being aiisent six weeks ; all tlic
people in tliat island were well, and their crops, after all they had suffered from rats, birds, and a worm, which had done then
considerable damage, so gofid, that they had grain sufiicient for six month's bread for every one upon the island, reserviiis
suthcicnt for their next year's crops.
Early in January, irsiii, tiie Supply again sailed for Norfolk island with more convicts, and in her passage left asiii;ill
party on Lord Howe island to hunt for turtle : but in fifteen days three only were taken. No great advantages will at
present accrue from thence. The island has fresh water, but no anchoring ground.
Since the deaths mentioned in a former part of this letter, one woman has suft'ered for robbery, five children liavc dicJ,
and twenty-eight chihtren been born.
Kx tract nfii L
Tn order to gc
sailed in November
the opinion I had
not alfording good
lias been further pr
Alter having In
a river was found,
since been done ; a
as the boats could |
The breadth of
lie iiavigalile for tl
times rises after vci
miles below Kielum
flic river, it there gi
The higli rock;
are there covered
Mippose it good la
miles further into tl
mid some black swc
Kichmond-hiil (
extremity of a ran
to tiie coast, from i
friiiii tlie hill was v
were, a level coverc
tains, which separa
wliieli could not In
(treat advantages of
The settlement
the soil is ex(;eediii(
river, and twenty f
niountain. The bai
mould, and covered
wlucli they resembl
rises :i() feet above
and its source will I
attempted by a part
dee|i ravines, the sii
miles in five days ;
As tlie land foi
Nepfan, is as line la
hears a very small |
tliniigh they will he
tlicy will have iioti
siglit of two or threi
As the labour
on his own farm, w
tliosc settlers who c
tridus, they will he
expiration of the tv
Government.
It may be iiecc
imlulgencc ; but fe
attended witii unav
the soldiers. It ma
settlement were all
make no doubt but
poultry, hogs, and
thi' natives so frec|u
ha.s prevented swiiu
If this plan of
pulilie works is a|)pi
for the necessaries (
A A.
George the Foui
fender of the Fait
fourth year of ou
the next Session
Diemen's Land,
was enactetl that
great seal of our
New South Waif
New South Wale.'
lively should he
should be neccssi
of the judgments,
time to time be a
of the said courts
offices in such m
said direct ; and '
our heirs, and sii
,t:
APPKN'DIX v.— AUSTllAL-ASIA.
lii:»
ni'if Corr, ]:lli
nrishhis scttlp.
iilreii UavcilicJ.
Kxirnct itf a LeHtr from Oovfmor Philips to the Ri^ht lion. Lord Si/Hnoy, dated liotany Bill/, Wh Febninrj, IT'JO.
Ill order to Ret a knowlodcc of the rountry rDiiml the Hotflcmi'iit, frefinmt excursionH have heen ttiriIp Miiicc the ships
saileil In Novomhcr, ITHH, Mnoii nfter wlilch I went to liotniiy Hay, niiil tl\e live days Hpcnt in that hnrhimr eantlrmed me in
thi' n|)inliiii I had first Ibniu'd of it •, thai it nflnnli'd no ilurihli- silimtloii for Hxlii;; tlie settli'iiuiit, mid was a Imd liarlmiir,
not nft'orllii;; kooiI Mcnrity for sliiiis ajtiU'.ist tlii' la^turly winds, wliich frrciniMitly Idow very Imrd in the wlntir, and wliich
baij hi'i'n fnrther provi'd l)y Captain Ilniiter and tlie first Lieutenant of tlio Sirius, wlio went there to survey tlie Hay.
After tiaviiu; lieen several times witli llie lioats to llroken ISay.ln order to exaniiiu- the dilt'erent hranelies in tliat Imrhour,
a riviT wa>> found, l)nt tlie want of provisions ohliu:e(l us to return witlio\it lieini; ahle to trace it to its souree, wiii('li 1ms
Miieu been doru' i jind in the 1(1 days wc were then out, all those l)ranelies whicli had any depth of water were traced as far
as tlie boats could proceed.
The breadth of this river, named the Ilawkesliury, is from ;i«n to Hiio feet, and it appears from the soundinifs we had, to
be iiavlK;able for the hirj;est nierchant ships to the foot of llieiimond-hill ; but as tlie water near the liead of the river some,
times rises after very heavy rains :l'( feet above its common level, it would not be safe for ships tc t;o so far up ; but I'l or '.'(»
miles below Klehmoiid-liill tliey would lie in fresh water, and pcrl'ectly safe. I speak of Kiehnio .d-liill, as heiiis the head of
the river, it there (frowiin; very shallow and dividinir into two branches.
The IiIkIi nicky country which forms Hroken Hay, is lost as you proceed up the Ilawkesbury, and the banks of the river
are there covered with timber, tlie soil a ricli litjlit moiihl, and, judKin« from the little we saw of the eoniitry, I sliouhl
suppose it Ki'od land to a very considerable extent ; the other branches of fresh water arc shoals, hut prob.ably run many
miles further into the country than we could trace them in our lioats. On these rivers we saw i^reat numbers of wild ducks
ami some black swans ; and on the banks of the Ilawkesbury, several decoys were set by the iiati,.>s to eatch cpiails.
Riehmond-hill (near the foot of which a fall of water prevented our proceedini; further with the boats) is the Houtherii
extremity of a ran);e of hills, which runnins; to the northward, most probably join the mountains which He nearly iiarallel
til the coast, from iii) to (in miles inland. Tlie soil of Kichmonil-hill is ^'ood, and it lies well for cultivation. Our prospect
friim the hill was very exten-ive from the southward and eastward, and the country appeariiijr from the lieiurht at which we
were, a level covered with timber. Tiiere is a flat of six or seven miles between lUehmond-hill and a break in the moun-
tains, which separates Lansdown and t'armarthen-hiUs, ami in this flat I suppose tlic Ilawkesbury eontimies its course, but
wliieli eiaild not be seen for the timber, that with very few exceptions covers the country wlicrever the soil Is (;ood. The
great advantajics of so nolile a river when a settlement can be made on its banks will be obvious t<i your l/irdshlp.
Tlie settlement made at I'ort .lackson, near the be.id of the harbour (Rose-liiir, very fully an wers my expectations :
Hie soil is exceedini? t,-ood, lies well for cultivation, and is well watered. Si.x miles to the southward there is a small fresh
river, and twenty to the southward tliere is a more considerable river, the source of which I siipjiose to be at the foot of the
mnimtain. The banks of tills river, whicli most iirobably emiities itself Into the Ilawkesbury, are hiuli, the soil a trooil liRht
iiiouhl, and covered with trees ; the wood of some of the trees is very liKlit, they are about the size of iarire walnut frees,
which they resemble ; they shed their leaves and hear a small fruit, wliieli is said to be very wholesome. This river likewise
rises ;til feet above its common level ; it is, as far as 1 iiave seen it, from :loo to mo feet in hreadtli, I iiameil it tlie Nepean,
mid its source will be traced in the course of the winter. I'roin its banks I hope to readi the mountains, wliich has been
attempted by a party who crossed the river, hut after tlie Ist day's journey they met with such a constant succession of
ilcep ravines, the sides to which were frequently iimccessible, that they returned, not havinir been able to proceed above 15
miles in five days j when they turned hack they supposed themselves to he 12 miles from the foot of the mountains.
As the land for several miles to the southward, and 20 miles to the westward of llosc-hill, that is, to tlie banks of the
Nepean, is as fine land for tillage as most in England (some few particular spots cxcejited, the soil of wliich is poor, and
hears a very small proportion to the (jnod land), 1 propose that tract of land for those settlers who may be sent out, and
tlioutjh they will be placed at some distance from eaeli other for the convenience of water, from one to three or four miles,
tlicy will have nothing to apprehend from the natives, who avoid those parts we most freiiucnt, and always retire at the
sight of two or three people who are armed.
As the labour of clearini; the frround of timber will be great, I think each settler should not have less than twenty men
on his own farm, which I suppose to he from 500 to looo acres. It will be neccs.sary to give that number of convicts to
tliose settlers who come out, and to snpiiort them for two years from the public stores ; in that time, if they are at all indus-
trious, they will he in a situation to snp.ioit themselves, and I do not think they would be able to do it in less time. At the
cxiiiration of the t\vo years, they may return half the convicts they have been allowed, and want no further assistance from
tJovernment.
It may he necessary to grant land to otlicers and soldiers, who, beccmiing settlers, will of course be entitled to every
indulgence ; but few of the officers now here have reaped any good advantage from being allowed convicts, ami it is
attended with unavoidable inconvenience from the convicts being left so much to themselves, and from their mixing with
the s(ddiers. It may be found more to the advantage of the Crown, and the ofticers likewise, if oflici rs on duty in this
settlement were allowed a certain cpiantity of grain to support tlieir live stock until they have a market to go to ; and I
make no doubt but that in the third year from the time settlers arrive, there will be a market, well supplied witli grain,
pouhry, hogs, and goats, of all wliieli there has been a great increase, but killed from wanting corn to suiijiort them ; and
tlie natives so frecpieiitly .setting tire to the country, which they do to catch the opossum, flying sciuirrel, and otiier animals,
has prevented swine from being turned out, as was intended.
If this plan of distributing among tlie settlers those <!onvicts who arc not inmiediatcly necessary for carrying on the
public works is approved of, and which 1 suppose will, as apjiearing to n\c most Ukely to render this .settlement independent
for the necessaries of life in the shortest time possible, there are many regulations which will of course take place.
A A.— CHARTER OF JUSTICE— NEW SOUTH WALES, 13th of October, 1823.
GfiORGE the Fourth, by the grace of God, of the united Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, De-
fender of the Faith, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas by an Act passed in the
fourth year of our reign, intituled " An Act to provide until the 1st day of July, 1827, and until the end of
the next Session of Parliament, for the better Administration of Justice in New South Wales and Van
Diemen's Land, and for the more effectual government thereof, and for other purposes relating thereto," it
was enacted that it should he lawful for us, our heirs, or successors, by charters or letters-patent under the
great seal of our united Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to erect and establish courts of judicature in
New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land respectively, which should be styled " The Supreme Court of
New South Wales," and " The Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land ; and that each of such courts respec-
tively should be holden by one judge or chief justice, and should have such ministerial or other officers as
should be necessary for the administration of justice in the said courts respectively, and for the execution
of the judgments, decrees, orders, and proces.s thereof; and it was enacted that the said judges should from
time to time be appointed by us, our heirs, and successors, and that the said ministerial and other officers
of the said courts respectively should from time to time be appointed to and removed from their respective
offices in such manner as we, our heirs, and successors should by such charters or letters-patent as afore-
said direct ; and that the said judges should be respectively entitled to receive such reasonable salaries as we,
our heirs, and successors should approve and direct, which salaries should be in lieu of all fees or other
!;
!: 1.1
I «
914
APPKNDIX v.— AUSTRAI.-ASIA.
emolumrnts whatsoevrr : Now know yo, that \\c, iipnn fdll considorntion oftlic promises, and of onr c^
jicc'ml grace, certain ivnowlcdge, and mere motion, hiivc, in jiursiinnce of the siiid Act of I'nriiamciit thiniL'hf
fit to grant, direct, ordain, and appoint, iind by tliesp |)reseiits do necordin^ly fur us, our heirs and sueix^
Bors grant, direct, ordain, and appoint that there siiall l)e within that part of our colony of New Soiitli
Waks situate in tlie island of New Elollaiid, a court whicli shall be called a sujirenie court of New Soutli
Wales ; and wc do hereby create, direct, and constitute the said supreme court of New South Waloc to l)e
n court of record ; an<l we do further will, ordain, and appoint that the said supreme court of New South
Wales shall consist of and be holden by and belorc one judge, who shall be and be called the chief justice of the
supreme court of New South Wales, which chief justice shall be a barrister in Knglarid or Ireland of not less
than five years standing, to be named and appointed from time to tiinc by us, our heirs, and successors
by letters-patent under our and their great seal of the United Kingdom of Great Hritain and Ireland ; atKl
such chief justice shall hold his office during the pleasure of us, our heirs, and successors, and not other-
wise ; And we do hereby give and grant to our said chief justice rank and pricedcncc above and before nil
our subjects whomsoever within the colony of New Stjuth Wales aforesaid, and the islands, territories
and places dependent thereupon, excepting the governor or acting governor for the time being of the siiid'
colony, and excepting all such persons as by law or usage take place in F.ngland before our chief justire of
our court 'of king's bench : And we do further grant, ordain, and appoint that the said supreme court of
New South Wales shall have and use, as occasion may rerjuirc, a seal bearing a device and imjiression of our
royal arn.s within an exergue or label surrounding the same, with this impression, "The Seal of the Su-
preme Court of New South Wales;" and we do hereby grant, ordain, and njjpoint that the said seal shall
be delivered to and kept in the custody of the said chief justice : And we do further grant, ordain
and declare that the said chief justice, so long as he shall hold his office, shall lie entitled to
Iiavc and receive a salary of £2000 sterling by the year ; and our governor or acting governor for
the time being of the said colony is hereby directed and re(piircd to cause such salary to be paid
to the said chief justice by four quarterly payments, at the four most usual days of payment in
the year, in bills of exchange to be drawn by such governor or acting governor as aforesaid, on the lords
commissioners of our treasury in England, payable to or to the order of such chief justice, and which
bills shall, by our said governor or acting governor, be accordingly delivered to the said chief juEtire :
And we do further grant, ordain, and declare that the said salary shall commence and take place in respect
to any person who shall be resident in Great Britain or Ireland at the time of his appointment, >ipon and
from the day on which any such person shall thereupon embark or depart from Great Britain or Ireland for
New South Wales, to take upon him the execution of the said otlice ; and that the salary of any such chief
justice who shall at the time of bis appointment be resident in New South Wales aforesaid, shall com-
mence and take place from and after bis taking upon him the execution of such bis ofHce : and that such
salary shall be in lieu of all feesof oftice, perquisites, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever, and that no fee
of office, perquisite, emolument, or advantage whatsoever,other than and except the said salary, shall be accepted,
received, or taken by such chief justice in any manner or on any account or pretence whatsoever : provided
nevertheless, that it shall be lawful for the said chief justice to occupy and inhabit any official house or residence
within the said colony of New South Wales which hijth been or may hereafter be provided for his residence and
occupation, without paying to us, our heirs, and successors any rent for the same, and without being obliged to
repair, uphold, or maintain any such house or official residence at his own costs and charges : and we do further
grant, appoint, and declare that no chief justice of the said supreme court of New South Wales shall be capable of
accepting, taking, or performing any other office or place of profit or emolument, on pain that the acce|)tnnccof
any such other office or place as aforesaid, shall be and be deemed in law de, facto axi avoidance of his office of
chief justice, arid the salary thereof shall cease and be deemed to have ceased accordingly from the time of such
acceptance of any such other office or place : and we do hereby constitute and appoint our trusty and well-
beloved Francis Frobes, esquire, to be the first chief justice of the said supreme court of New South Wales, the
said Francis Forbes being a barrister in England of five years' standing and upwards : and we do hereliy
ordain, appoint, and declare that there shall be and belong to the said court the following officers, that is to
say, a registrar, a prothonotary, a master and keeper of records, and such and so many officers as to the
chief justice of the said court for the time being shall from time to time appear to be necessary for the ad-
ministration of justice, and the due execution of all the powers and authorities which are granted and
committed to the said court by these our letters-patent : provided nevertheless, that no new office shall be
created in the said court, unless the governor or acting governor for the time being of our said colony
shall first signify his approbation thereof to our said chief justice for the time being, in writing, under the
hand of such governor or acting governor as aforesaid : and we do further ordain and direct that all persons
who shall and may be appointed to the several offices of master, registrar, prothonotary or keeper of records
of the said supreme court of New South Wales, or to any offices in the said court , whereof the duties
shall correspond to those performed by the master, registrar, prothonotary, or keeper of records of any or
either of our courts of record at Westminster, shall be so appointed by us, our heirs, and successors, by
warrant under our or their royal sign manual ; and that all persons who shall and may be appointed to any
other office within the said supreme court of New South Wales, shall be so appointed by the chief justice
for the time being of the said court. And we do further direct and appoint that the several officers of the
said court so to be appointed as aforesaid by us, our heirs, and successors, shall hold their respective offices
during our and their pleasure ; and that the several officers of the said court so to be appointed as afore-
said by the chief justice thereof, be subject to be removed by the said court from their offices therein upon
reasonable cause : and we do hereby authorize and empower the said supreme court of New South Wales
to approve, admit, and enrol such and so many persons having been admitted barristers at law or advo-
cates, in Great Britain or Ireland, or having been admitted writers, attornies, or solicitors in one of our
courts at Westminster, Dublin, or Edinburgh, or having been admitted as proctors in any ecclesiastical
court in England, to act as well in the charaoter of barristers and advocates, as of proctors, attornies, and
Al'l'KNDIX v.— AUSTHAI.-ASIA.
ais
rolirltois in tlu< siiiil court ; and \vlii('l\ ptTsoim, so a|)|ir<ivi'il, udinittcd, nnd unrolli'il i\% aforcKuid, itlinll lie
and art' hi'ri't)y authurizod to appunr uiid pluad and net lor tlio suitors ot tlit> Huid court, subjii't aiwAy^ to l>e
reniovt'd by tiiu said court from tlicir station therein, ujiuii rciisonahli- cnusc ; and wc do tlccliirc timt no
person or persons wlintsoi'vcr shnii he allowed to appear and plead, or act in tli(> said Mipreuie court of
New South Wales, for and on liuhalf of such suitors, or any of tiiein: provided always, and we do ordain
and declare that in case tliere shall not he a sutlieient nuiuher of such harristers-at-law, advocates, writers,
attornies, solicitors, and proctors svithin the said colony, competent and willing to appear and act tor the
suitors uf the said court, then and in that case the said supreme court of New South Wales shall and is
hereby authorized to admit so many other fit and proper persons to appear nnd act as barristers, advocates,
proctors, attornies, and solicitors, as may be necessary, nccordiiis; to such ;;eiu'ral rules and (pialdieations as
the said court shall for that purpose make nnd establish: |)rovided that the said court shall not admit any
person to act in any or either of the chnracters aforesaid, who hath been by due course of law convicted of
any crime, which, accordiu'^ to any law now in force in Knuland would distiunlify him from appearing ami
ucting in any of our courts of record at Westminster. And we do hereby ordain and dicliiri' that the
governor or acting? governor for the time being at the said colony of New South Wales shall yearly, on the
first Monday in the month of January in each y.'ar, by warrnnt under his hnnd and seal, nominate and ap-
point some tit and proper person to act as and be the sheriff for our said colony of New South Wales and
its dependencies, other than and except the island of Vnn Diemen's •Land, for the year cnsuiiij?, which
.sheriff when appointed shall, as soon as conveniently may be, and before he shall enter upon his said office,
take an oath faithfully to execute his oHice, and the oath of alle'^'innce, before the governor or acting
giivernor, who are hereby authorized to ndminister the same; and such sherilf shall continue in such his
ortice duriiiR the space of one whole year, to be Cf)mputed from the said tirst Monday in the mouth of
January, and until another ahnll be appointed and sworn into the said ollici' ; and in case such sherirt" shall
die in his office, or depart from our said colony of New South Wales, then nnotluir jierson shall, as soon
as conveniently may be after the death or departure of such sheriff^ be in like manner appointed and sworn
in as aforesaid, and shall continue in his office for the remainder of the year, and until another sherilV shall
be duly appointed and sworn into the said otiice : and we do further order, direct, and appoint that the said
sheriff and his successors shall by themselves, or their sufficient deputies to he by them appointed and
duly authorized under their respective hands and seals, nnij for whom he and they shall be responsible
during his or their continuance in such office, execute, and the said sheriff and his said deputies arc hereby
authorized to execute all the writs, summonses, rules, ordirs, warrants, commands, and process of the
said supreme court of New South Wales, and make return of the same, together with the manner of the
execution thereof, to the sui)ieme court of New South Wales, and to receive and detain in juison all such
persons as shall be committed to the custody of such sheriff by the said supreme court of New South Wales,
or by the chief justice of the said court : and we do further authorize our governor or acting governor for
the time being of the Siiid colony of New South Wales, to re appoint the same person to fill the office of
sheriff from year to year, if it shall appear to our said governor or acting governor expedient so to do ; so
nevertheless as that such appointment shall be annually renewed and be not ever made for more than one
year; provided nevertheless, and wc do hereby re(|uirc our said governor or acting governor of our said
colony, in the selection of any (lerson or persons to till the said office of sherilf of New South Wales, to con-
form himself to such directions as may from time io time be given in that behalf by us, our heirs a. id suc-
cessors, through one of our or their ]n'incipal secretaries of state ; and we do further direct, ordaiu, and
appoint, tliat whenever the said Supreme Court of New South Wales shall direct or award any jjrocess
against the said sheriff, or award any process in any cause, matter, or thin;; wherein the said sheriff, on
account of his being related to the parties or any of them, or by reason of any good cause of challenge wtiich
would be allowed against any sheriff in England, cannot or ought not by law to execute the same, in every
such case the said Supreme Court of New South Wales shall name and api)oiiit some other lit jierson to
execute and return the same, and the said process shall be directed to the person so to be named for that
purpose, and the cause of such special proceedings shall be suggested and entered on the records of the said
court: provided always and we do hereby ordain and declare, that the said supreme court of New South
Wales shall fix certain limits beyond which the said slierifl' shall not be compelled or compellable to go in
person, or by his officers or deputies, for the execution of any process of the said court ; and when the
process of the said court shall be to be executed in any place or places beyond the limits so to be fixed,
we grant, ordain, and direct that the said supreme court of New South Wales shall, upon motion, direct by
what person or persons, and in what manner such process shall be executed, and the terms and conditions which
the party at whose instance the same shall be issued shall enter into, in order to prevent any improper use
or abuse of the process of the said court, and the said sherifl" shall and he is hereby required to grant his
special warrant or dfeputation to such person or persons as the said court shall direct for the execution of
such process ; and in that case we direct and declare that the said sheriff, his executor, and administrators,
shall not be responsible or liable for any act to be done in or in any way respecting the execution of such
process, under and by virtue of such special warrant, and that any person or persons being aggrieved under
or by pretence of such special warrant, shall and may seek their remedy under any security which may
have been directed to be taken upon the occasion, and which the said court is hereby authorized to direct
to be taken. And whereas in the said act of parliament it is enacted, that the said courts shall have cog-
nizance of all pleas, civil, criminal or mixed, and the jurisdiction of the said courts in all such cases is
thereby settled and ascertained ; and it is thereby enacted, that the said courts shall be courts of ecclesia-
tical jurisdiction, and shall have full power and authority to administer and execute within New South
Wales and Van Diemen's Land and the dependencies thereof, such ecclesiastical jurisdiction and authority
as shall be committed to the said supreme courts by our charters and letters-patent : now we do hereby for
us, our heirs and successors, grant, ordain, establish and appoint, that the said supreme court of New
South Wales shall be a court of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, with full power to grant probates, under the
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310
APnCNDlX v.— AU3T11AI,.ASI,\.
*vn\ of the «ii(l court, of the liint wilU niid fcstamciifs nf nil or iiiiy of tin' inhnhitniits of tlmt part of tin*
taiil roliiiiy iitid its (li'iicnilcricioH sittiiitc ill tlic idiiinl iil' Ni^w llollaiul, iiiiil of all other ikthiim^ who t)m||
(lie nnilliMve pergonal olVi'-ts wjtiiiii that part uf tlii; said (loloiiy, and to I'ommit Irttirn of admiiiiiitrMtiiiii
lUKltT thi" Hi'nl of tho naid court of tin- K'><>i1'*. i^hnttcK, credits, and hII other elfect!) wliatstK'Vcr of tht-
persons aforesaid who shidi <lit' ititi'statc, or who Hhall not have iuime<l an executor resilient within that
part of the said colony and its dependencies ; or whiTO tlie executor heinv; duly cited "hall not appear ami
Hiie forth such prohate, atniexiuK the will to tlu; saiil letters of administration, when siicli iiervui shall hnve
loft a will without nainini; niiy executor or any person lor executor, wlio sliall then he alive and resident
within that pnrt of the *aidc>li)iiy anil its dep •mieiieies, and who hi'ini; duly cited thereunto will appearand
»ue forth a prohate thereof, and to se(pie.ster the goods and chattels, credits and other elfeets whatsoever of
fiuch persons so dyinR, in cases allowed liy law, as the same Is and may he now used in tlie diocese of
London ; and to demand, re(|uire, tal«e, hear, examine, and allow, and, if occasion reipiire, to disallow and
reject, the accounts of them in sucli miuim r and form as is now used or may he used in the said dioeesp of
London, and to do all otlier thhigs wliatsoevrr needful and necisssary in th 't l)elialf : provideil always, and
we do hi'n hy authoii/e and reipiire tlu: said court in such casi-s as afon I where letters <if adniimstra-
tiori shall he committed with the will annexed, lor want of an executor applying in due time to sue forth
the prohate, to reserve in such letters of adiiunistratioii lull power and aulh uity to revoke the same, and to
grant prohate of the said will to such executor whenever he sliall duly appear and sue forth the same, And we
do herehy further autliori/e and re(piire the said supreme court of New South Wales to grant and commit such
letters of administration to any one or more of the lawful next of kin of such person so dying as aforesaid, and
being then re.ddent within the jurisdiction of the said court, and heiiig of the age of twentyonc years, and
in case no such person shall then he residing within thi' jurisdiction of the said court, or heing duly cited
shall not appear and pray the same, to the registrar of the said court, or to such person or persons, whether
creditor or creditors or not of the deceased person, as the court shall see lit : providid always, that prohates of
wills and letters of administration to he j-ranted hy the said court, shall he limited to such money, goods, chattels
and elfeets as the deceased person shall he entitled to within that part of the said colony situate within the islaml
of New Holland : and we do herehy furtluT enjoin and require that iwery person to whom sneli letters of ad-
ministration shall bo committed, shall before the granting thereof give sulUcient security hy bond, to ho en-
tered into to lis, our heirs and successors, for the payment of a ('ompetent sum of money, with one, two or
more able sureties, respect being had to the sum therein to be contained, and in the ability of the sureties,
to the value of the estate, credits and effects of the deceased, which bond shall be deposited in tlie said court
among the records thereof and there safely kept, and a copy thereof shall also be recorded among the pro-
ceedings of tlu! said court ; and the condition of the said bond sh.ill be to the following etVect : — " That if the
above hounded administrator of the goods, chattels and elfeets of the deceased do tnake or cause to he niaile
a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, credits and effects of the said deceased, which have
or shall come to the hands, possession or knowledge of him the said administrator, or to the hands or pos-
nesbion of any other jierson oi persons for him ; and the same so made do exhibit or cause to be exhibited
into the said suprciiu' court of New South Wales, at or before a day therein to be specified, and the same
goods, cliattels, credits and eflects, and all other the goods, chattels, credits and effects of the deceased at the
time of his death, or which at any time afterwards shall come to the hands or possession of such administra-
tor, or to the hands or possession of any other person or jieraons for him, shall well and truly administer
according to law, and further shall inakc or cause to be made a true and just account of his said administra-
tion at or before a time therein to be specified, and afterwards from time to time as he, she or they shall be
lawfully re(piired, and all the rest and residue of the said goods, chattels, credits and effects shall be found
from time to time remaii.ing upon the said administration accounts, the same being first examined and
allowed of by the said supreme court of New South Wales, shall and do pay and dispose of in a due course
of administration, or in such manner as the said court shnll direct, then this obligation to be void and of
none eficct, or else to be and remain in full force and virtue ;" and in case it shall be necessary to put the
said bond in suit, for the sake of obtaining the etVect thereof for the benefit of such person or persons as
shall appear to the said court to be interested therein, such person or persons from time to time to give satis-
factory security for paying all such costs as shall arise from the said suit or any part thereof, such person or
persona shall by order of the said court be allowed to sue the same in the name of the attoriiey-gmornl fur
the time being of the said colony, ond the said bond shall not be sued in any other manner ; and we do
hereby authorize and empower the said court to order that the said bond shall be put in suit in the ncine of
the said attorney-general. And we do further will, order and require, that the said court shall aflix certain
periods when all persons to whom probates of wills and letters of administration shall be granted by the said
court, shall from time to time, until the effects of the deceased person shall be fully administered, pass their
accounts relating thereto before the said court; and in case the effects of the deceased shall not be fully ail-
ministered within the time for that purpose to be fixed hy the said court, then, or at any eorlier time, if the
said court shall see fit so to direct, the person or persons to whom such probate or administration shall be
granted, shall pay, deposit and dispose of the balance of money belonging to the estate of the deceased then
in his, her or their hands, and all money which shall afterwards come into his, her or their hands, atid also
all precious stones, jewels, bonds, bills, and securities belonging to the estate of the deceased, in such man-
ner and unto such person as the said court shall direct for safe custody ; and we require that the said court
shall from time to time make such order as shall be just for the due administration of such assets and fur the
payment or remittance thereof or any part t ereof, as occasion shall require, to or for the use of any person
or persons, whether resident or not resident in the said colony and its dependencies, who may be entitled
thereto or any part thereof as creditors, legatees or next of kin, or by any other right or title whatsoever. And
we further order and direct, that it shall be lawful for the said court to allow to any executor or administra-
tor of the eflects of any deceased person (except as herein mentioned) such commission or per centnge out
of their assets as shall be just and reasonable for their pains and trouble therein ; Provided always, that no
AI'PKNniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASFA.
217
sllnwance whntcvor »hall be tnnde for the pains and tniiihle of any t'xccutor or administrator wlio *hali iii«.
({Ipct to \\nM lii:i nrcciiintn nt mu'h time or to (li> jioac of niiy money, Roods, chatti'ls or »i'ciiritir« with which
he stmll he chiir.jiMiliJi', in niich in.'iiiiicr ns in i<iiMimni'i' (>(' any Rctu'riil or npirinl riilo or oril t ol' the Kiiid
ciiiirt shiill hi' rii|iM'<itt' ; and inurcovcr every such exi'cutor or mhiiinj^tr.itor no nenh'cfini; to piits his nc-
Cimnts, or to (lispoic of iiiiy hiicIi innncy, noi)(l>*, cimttcis or scciiiitii's with whicli he shiill he chiirnciible,
vliall he churned willi iiitcri'tt nt tlie rate thrn current within tlie >:aiil eojciny and its ihiieiicleiiciet tor such
tiitn nnil sums of money as from lime to tim • thall liave l)eeii '" liis liaiids, wluther lie sliiill or sliall not
iriiilve interest thereol'. And we do hereliy anthor./e the said supreme 'onrt of New South Wales to appoint
gimrdians and keepers of infants and tlien' estates ncioidini; to tlie order flnd course ohserved in that part of
our United Kingdom called {'.ii^land, and id to '.'oarilians and kniiers of the (irsori- iu\(| estates of natnrui
fools, and of such as are or shall he deprived of their nndiistandoi/ "r rvason Ip/ he net of Ood, so as to
be unahle to govern them>elvi's and their estates, win '' we herehy H'»'I^ori/.e and i mpowi'r the said
court to impure, hear and deteriiiim', hy iiiNpectioii ol tii rson, or »iieh other way^ and means hy
whi(di the truth mny l)e hest disectvered and known, Anil vvheri tl« it is hy the -aid act enacted, " that it
ulittll and imiy he hiwful for us hy our said charters or letters. |in'<'ut respectively to blli'' any pcraoij or
jiersoiis h'elim.' a;{i;rieved hy any judi^ment, decree, order or sentence of 'he court of appeals of tin' colony
of Nesv South Wales, to nupiiil iherelVom to us in our privy council, in such manner, williin su(di thnp,
and under and suliject to such rules, ret;ulatinns and litnitatinns as we hy any such charters or letters-
patent respectively should appoint ami prescrilie : Now we do lu'rehy direct, cstahlish and ordain, that any
person or persons may njipeal to us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy coiini il in such
manner, within siieli time, and lUjiler and subject to such rules, resulations atid limitations as are herein-
after mentioned, (that is to say,) incase any such judfiuient, decree, order, or sentence shall he Riven or
pronounced for or in respect of any sum or matter at issue above the amount or value of '-',()0I)<. sterling,
or in case such juif,'ment, ih^cree, order, or sentence shall involve directly or indirectly any claim, dn-
nmnd or rpiestion to or respeetint; property or any civil right, amounting to or of the value id' 'J,000^
sterling, or in case the said court of appeals should hy any such judgn\ent, dcciee, order or sentence re-
verse, alter or vary any judgment, decree, order or sentence of the said suprt'ine court of New South Wales,
the person or persons feeling aggrieved hy any such judgment, decree, order or sentence of the said court
of appeals, tnny, within fourteen days next after the same shall have h^'eu pronounced, made or given,
apply to the said court of appeals by petition for leave to appeal therefrom to ns, our heirs and successors,
ill our or their privy council ; and in case such leave t" appeal shall he prayed by the party or jiarties
who is or are directed to pay any sum of money, or perforin any duty, the said court of appeals shall and is
hereby empowered cither to diri'ct that the jiidiiment, di'cree, order or sentence appealed from shall he car-
ried into execution, or that the execution thereof shall be suspended pending the s ud appeid, as t) the said
court mny appear to he most consistent with real and substantial justice ; and in case the said court of
appeal shall direct such judgment, decree, order or sentence to be carried into t'xecution, the persf)n or per-
sons in whose favour the same shall be given, shull, before the execution thereof, enter into good and sutli-
cient security, to be approved by the said court of njipeals, for the due performance of such judgment or
order as we, our heirs and successors, shall think lit to make thereupon ; or in case the said court of appeals
shall direct the execution of any such judgment, decree, order or sentence to be suspended pending the
appeal, the person or persons against whom the same shall have been given, shall in like manner and befoiu
any order for the suspension of any such executinii is made, enter into good and siilhcieiit security to the
said court of appeals for the due performance of such judguieut or order as we, leir heirs or successors,
shall think tit to make thereupon ; and in all cases we will and require that security shall also be given by the
party or parties appellant to the satisfaction of the said court of appeals, for the prosecution of the appeal and
for the payment of all such costs as may he awarded hy us, our heiis and successors, to the party or parties
respondent ; and if such last-mentioned security shull be entered into within three mouths from the date of
such petition for leave to appeal, then, and not otherwise, the said court of appeals shall allow the appeal,
and the party or parties appellant shall be at liberty to prefer and prosecute his, lu r i.r their appeal to us,
our heirs and successors, in our or their I'rivy Council in such manner and under such rules as are observed
in apjicals made to us from our plantations or colonies : and we do hereby reserve to ourself, our heirs and
successors, in cnir or their I'rivy Council, full |)owcr and authority, upon the humble petition, at any time,
of any |)erson or persons aggrieved by any judgment or deteriiiiiiation (»f the said court of appeals, to refuse
or admit his, her or their appeal therefrom, upon such terms and upon such limitations, restrictions and
regulations as we or they shall think fit, and to reverse, correct or vary such judgment or determination as
to us or them shall seem meet: and it is our further will and pleasure, that in all cases of appeal allowed by
the said court of appeals, or hy us, our heirs or successors, the said court of appeals shall certify and trans-
mit to us, our heirs or successors, in our or their Privy Council, a true and exact copy of all evidence, pro-
ceedings, judgments, decrees and orders had or made in such causes appealed from, so far as the same have
relation to the matter of appeal, such copies to be certitied under the seal of the said court. And we do fur-
ther direct and ordain, that the said supreme court of New South Wales shall in all cases of appeal to us,
our heirs or successors, conform to and execute, or cause to be executed, such judgments and orders as we
shall think fit to make in the premises, in such nuiniier as any original jiulgment, decree, or decretal order,
or other order or rule by the said supreme court of New South Wales, should or might have been executed :
and we do hereby strictly charge and command all governors, commanders, magistrates, ministers, civil and
military, and all our liege subjects within and belonging to the said colony, that in the execution of the seve-
ral powers, jurisdictions and authorities hereby granted, made, given or created, they be aiding and assisting,
and obedient in all things, as they will answer the contrrny at their peril : Provided always, that nothing in
these presents contained, or any act which shall bo done under the authority thereof, shall extend or be
construed to extend to jirevent us, our heirs and successors, to repeal these presents or any part thereof,
or to make such further or other provision by letters- patent for the administration of justice, civil and cri-
I I
•J\»
Al'I'KNniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
nunal, within the said colony and the places nnw or at any time hereafter to be annexed thereto as to us
our heirs and siiccossors, shall seem tit, in as full and ample a manner as if these presents had not heen
made, tlu'se presents ur anything herein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding. In
witness, &.C., the 13lh day of October.
By Writ of Privy Seal.
Examined with the Record in the Petty Bag Office in the Court of Chancery, the 22d day of April 18.')4.
J. Benlail.
B B,— AUSTRAL-ASIA BANK CHARTER.
tUtraat from Patent RoUnf tlif Fifth year of the Reign of King William the Fourth.
WILLIAM tlic I'cii'iiTii, by the gmvc of (ioil of the Hnited Kinpdom of Oreat Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the
I'nilli, to all to whom thcso presents shall come KrectinR :
Whereas liy a certain indenture or deed of seltlemcnt, hearing date on or about the ud day of June now last past, and made
or expressed to be iiuide between the several persons whose names are thereunto subscribed, and whose seils are thereunto
atlixed (except the several pcrsoim parties thereto of the second and third parts), of the first part ; the Rii,-Mt Honourable
Henry Kllis, Sir Andrew Pellet (ircen, and Jacob Monteliore, cscpiire, of the second part: and Richard Norman, Edward
Harniird, and John .Studliolm Urownri^'!,', csijuires, of the third part ; It is witnessed, tliat in pursuance of the proposal and
aKreenieut tin rein recited, and for the purpose of cttablisbiuff such society or co-partnership as therein mentioned, eacli of
the said several persons parties tber<'to of the first and sece\ul parts, did severally, for himself and herself respectively, and
for Ills and her respective heirs, executors, and administrators, covenant with the said Richard Norman, Edward Itarnard,
and John Stndhohn Hrownritrtr, their executors and administrators ; and each of them tlie said Richard Norman, Edwani
Barnard, and Jolni Studhidm Brownritre, did severally, for himself, his heirs, execut(U-s, and administrators, ciwenant witli
the said Henry Ellis, Sir Andrew I'ellct (ircen, and Jncob Mimtetiore, their executors and administrators, that the several
persons parties to the said deed of settlement (all of whom were thereinafter distinpuisbed by the jceueral title of proprietors)
and the several other persons who should become proprietors, as tliereinafter mentioned, sliould, whilst lioldini-' any share
or si'.ares in the caidtal of the society or co-|)artnership, be and continue, until the same sliouUl be dissolved under tlie
provisions in tliat behalf thereinafter C(uitained, a society ami co-partnership by and under the name, style, or firm of ilie
" Bank of Austral-asia." That the capital of the society'or co-partnersmp shouhl consist of the s\nn of -JiHi.ooo/. of lawful
nionev <f (ireat Britain, to be contribnicil in s,!!!)!) shares of lo/. each, and of such further sum or sums of money as niiKlit
thereafter be raised by the sale or creation of new sliiues, under the i)ower for that purpose thereinafter contamcd: Tliat
tlu' sum of :10/., ren\ainint,' to be paid .i|ion eacli share, beycuul tlie sum of 10/. paid upon each sliare, by the holder thereof,
at or bel'c le tlie time of his or her exccutint; the said deed of settlement, or such deed of covenant acccdinff thereto as there-
inafter mentioned, shoidd be paid by six several instalments of the respective annumts, and on or at the several days ur
times next thereinafter mentioned ; viz. the sum of 7I. on the M dav of September next ensuing the date of the said deed of
settlement ; the sum of li/. on the ad day of December next ensuiiiji the date of the said deed of settlement ; the sum of ;i,.
on t!ie '.'d day of March, which wouhl be in the year is;),i ; the sum of 4.'. on the 'id day of June, which wouhl be in the year
IKii.i ; the sum of r,t. on the 'Jd dav of September, which would be in the year is;i.'> ; and the remainintr sum i)f :>l. on tlie :.'il
day of Uccember, which wcuild he in the vear |s:i.-, : That as between the proprietors themselves for the time beintj, and as
helweeu the respective real and iicrsonal icpresenfatives, all tlu* funds and property of the society or co-partnership, and
the share and shares of each proiirietor in the capital of the society or co-partnership, should be considered as personal
estate, am': be transmissible as such : That the object and business of the said society or co-partnership should be to est.i-
hlish liaid.s of issue and deposit, and branches or i!;;encies of such banks, in any cities, towns, and places within the ccdoiiies
or settlements of New South Wales and Van IMcmen's Land, and any other of the colmnes or settlements iu Au.stral-asia.
and to carry on the business of bankers in such cities, towns, and places, and for that puriio.se to make and issue bank-notes
and bills payable <ui demand, or otherwise, and to borrow, owe, or take up any sum or sums of money on the same, or <iii
receipts, bills, promissory notes, or other oblijrations ; also to lend money on cash accounts, bills of exchange, or letters of
credit, or on jiersonal security, or on iiledees of any kind whatsoever, of any goods, wares, merchandize, or other eiloits
whatsoever ; also to keep the money or cash of any person or persons, or bodies politic or ecuporate whatsoever ; and iilsn
to deal in money, or in notes, bills, or other securities for monev, and generally to transact all such otlicr business as it was,
or sliimld, or mitrht at anytime thereafter be lawful for establishments for carryinjr on bankins iu all its branches, or dciliii!,'
in nv.nev, or iu notes, bills, or other securities for money, to do or transact, and as from time to time should be lound, or lie
deemed or adjudged by the directors for the time beiiiK of the said society or co-partnership to be best adapted to the haliits,
want, and occasions of the several persons eni;aKed or interested in the trade, commerce, ami agriculture witli and in the
said several colonies or settlements, and to the nature of their business, transactions, and spec\dations ; That the atliiirs
and concerns of the said societv or partnership shall be conducted and managed mider, and snliject to, the several rules,
resnlations, clauses, and afrreenients thereinafter contained; and by the said deed of settlement it was, anuuiKst other
thing's, agreed, that the said Kiwht Honourable Heiiiy KIlis, Sir Andrew Pellet tTreen, Jacob Montetiore, Richard Norniaii,
Edward Barnard, ami Jo'n Stu(llioln\ Brownrij;;,', ,ind Edward Blunt, csipiires, Oliver Earrer, Charles Harry lialdwin, Jiiliii
Wrii^ht, Samuel Eustace Mavran, and William Sarpcnt, esipiircs (iUl of win m were parties to the said deed ol settlement,
and c-ich of them was a tioldcr, iu bis own riirht, of 'in shares or upwards in the capital of the society or co-partnerslni),
should be, and they were thereby appointed, the first and present directors of the said .society or co-partnership ; and ni the
said deed of settlement are ccm'tahied (amoiiftst others) clauses or provisimis enabliuK the court of directors, hi the event
and in the manner, and subject to the repridatlons therein mentioned, to extend or increase the capital of the sahl .society or
co-partnership, by creatintr and disposioi; of new shares in the manner therein menth)ned ; and also a clause or provision
that it should be lawful lor the court of directors, at any time or times thereafter, at the expense of the society or co-part-
nership, to apply for and endeavour to olitain one or more Act or Acts of Parliament, or one or more charter or charters of
incorporation, for better enablinjr tliem t.i carrv into etfect all or any of the objects of, or contemplated by, the said deed ol
settlement, to endure for such perhd or periods, and to be under and subject to sncli rules, regulations, restrictions, ami
limitadoUK to be made, ordained, and iniiiosed in and by such Act or Acts of Parliament, and cliaiter or chiuters respec-
tivelv, as the court of directors inis:ht, from time to time, in their uncontrolled discretion, think it prudent or advisable In
acce'pt, althoufrh and notwithstanding some of such rules, rcfrnlations, restrictions, and Umitations. miKiit alter, vary, or
annul, or otherwise interfere with anv of the rules, rcfrnlations, clauses, and aKrecments thereinbetore contained lor the
conduct and management of the said societv or co-partnership ; and also from time to time, at the like expense, to apply
for and emleavoiir to obtain any renewal or reiiewals of such Act or Acts of Parliament, or ciiarter or charters ol incorpora-
ti(Mi, or any amendment or amendments thereof, or to ai)ply for and endeavour to obtain any new or additional Act or .\cts
of I'arliament, or charter or charters of incorporation, or the extension of any powers or iJiivilejjes granted by any then
existimr act or charter, as the court of ilirectors shoidd in their uncontiiilled discretion think tit or ad%'is.ible -, and it was, hy
the said indenture, <leclared, that everv proprietor of the said co-partnership, his or her heirs, executors, and administrators,
as lietween him, her, and them, and all or any of the other proprietors of the said co-partnership, and their respective heirs,
executors, and administrators, should he answerable for or in respect of the calls, debts, losses, and demaiids ol or uinm
the said co-partnership, in proportion to his or her share and interest for the time heint? in the funds or property ot the
cn-partner.ship, but not further or otherwise : And whereas, for the better acccnnplisliins: luid carrying into eftect tlie objects
and imrposes of the said society or co-partncrsliip, the directors above named have humbly besoutrht us to grant to them,
and to the several other proprietors of shares in the eaiiital of the said society or co-partnership for the time benit:, our royii
ehirter of inc.irporation, which we are minded to do, under the conditions, and subject to the restrictions, regulations, aiii
provi: ions hereuiafter contained : Now know ye, that as well upon the prayer of the said directms, as also of our espt'cial
rrace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, we ha\e givoii, yrranted, made, ordained, constituted, declared, and appointed,
lil
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL.ASIA.
219
mder of tlie
anil l>y those presents, for us, our heirs anil successors, I)o tflvc, (frnnt, make, ordain, constitute, dednre, and apixlnt, that
the said llciiry KUis, Sir Andrew Pellet Oreen, Jacob Montetiore, Kiclmri' Norman, Edward Itarimrd, ,l(.lin Studholm Urown-
rictr, Edward lllunt, Oliver Farrer, Charles Barry llaldwin, John \Vr t;ht, Samuel Eustace MiiKiin. anil William Sargent,
tdtcethcr with such and so many other iicrson or persons as have already hecomc, or at any time or times hercalter shall or
may, in the manner provided hy the said deed of settlement of the ad <lay of June now last past, liecome a prcprietor or
proiirietors of any share or shares of or in the capital for the time lieinp; of the said society or co partnership, shall he one
b.iily politic and corporate, in name and in deed, by the name of " The Hank of Austral-asia," and liy tl'at niime shiJl anil
niay sue and be sued, implead and be impleaded in all courts, whether of law or eiinity, and shall have perpetual succession,
with a common seal, which may hy them he altered, varied, and chanited at their pleasure : And we do decl.iie, that the
said corporation is established for the piupose of carrying on the business of banking in any British settlements that have
been already foruu'd, or which may be fi<rmeil, in any part of the territories connnonly called New Holland niiil Van Diemen's
I and, and the smi'.ller islands adjacent thereto, situate between the 1 loth and the l.'iSth dcKrees of hintjitiide, east of (ireen-
wich, and between the 10th and irith decrees of south Latitude, or in any dependencies on the respective tfovernments of
those settlements, but subject nevertheless to the conditions, restiietions, reKulations, and provisions hereinafter contained :
And we do further ordain and declare, that the capital or joint stock for the tune heint; of the said corporation, and the
several shares therein, aiul the profits and advantages to be derived therefrom, shall be and be deemed iiersonal estate, and
be transmissible accordingly, subject to the regulations of the said deed of settlement ; And we do wi' id declare, that it
shall not be lawful to and for the said corporation to commence or carry on the said business of bankin,:, ' >(ler or by virtue
of these presents, until the whide of the said capital of •joii,ooti/. shiUl have been subscribed, and a moiety ^at the least) of
such sum of 200,000/. shall have been actually paid up : And further, we do will and declare, that unless the whole of the
.said cai)ital shall have been subscribed within the space of IH months, to commence and be computed tvoni the day of the
date of these presents, and vudess the whole of the said sum of i'iui,lM10/., except any part thereof not exceedins; ,'i,OliO/., shall
have been actually paid up within the space of two years, lo iie comi)uted as aforesaid, and unless the residue of the said
t-npital (if any) remaiuint; unpiiid at the end of two years, shall have been actually paiil up within the space of six calendar
mouths next after the expiration of the said term of two years, then, and in any such case, it shall be lawful for us, our heirs
and successors, at anytime thereafter, by a warrant under onr royal sijin mainuU, to declare tliat these iircsents shall be
absolutely void : And we do further declare and ordain, th.at it sliall be lawful for tlie said corporation, for and ihninii; the
term of "1 years, to commence from the 1st day of .lainiary, I8:i(i, if the whole of the said capital shall then have been
suliscrilii'd for, and a moiety thereof paid as aforesaid, but not otherwise, to niidic, issue, ami circulate, at and from any
city, town, and place in which they may have opened or establislied any bank, branch, or establisbnient luider or hy virtue
of these presents, any bank-notes or bills for 1/., •_'/., or .l/. sterliii),' eacli, or for any (greater sum than ,'>/. sterling each, but
mit lor any fractional part of a ponnil ; and from time to time, iluriu); the said term of Jl years, to re-ishue any such notes or
bills when and so often as they shall think tit, all which notes and hills shall be liable to and chargeable with such stamp
duties (if any) as are or shall be payable by the laws of the cidony in which the same respei'tively sliall be so made and
issued : I'rovided always, and we do hereby oril'iin and declare, that all such notes and hills sliall bear date at the city,
town, or iilace at ami from \\liich the same respectively shall he made and issued, and that th . same re,..peetively shall in all
eases be made payable in specie to the bearer on ilemand ; and when made and is-ucil at and I'rom any braiuh bank or
establishment, not beiinr the principal estahlisbment of the said corporation at the seat of jjovermuent of any of the said
cidonies or settlements, the same notes and bills shall be made payable, as well at the principal baiikinir estalilislnnent of the
snid corporation in the colony or settlement within which such notes and bills shall be maile and issued, as at the particular
hraiicb bank or estahlislmiciit at and from which the same shall be made and issued as aforesaid : Hut we do furtlier will
and declare, that no branch bank or establishment (other than and except the principal baiikin^r establi-hment of the said
corporation at the seat of Kovcrnmcut of any of the said cohinies or settlements' shall be lialile lo lie called uiion to pay any
notes or bills of the said corporation, other than and except such as shall have been orininally made and issued at and from
such particular hranch bank or establishment : and also, that none of the jirincipal banking establishnicnts of the said cor-
poration in any one of the said colonics or settleniciits, shall be liable to be called upon to iiay any iiiitcs or bills which may
have been made or issued by the said corporation in any other cohmy or setlk'iuent : I'l.nidcd always, and we do hereby
ordain and declare, that the total amount of the debts, eiiKaifemcnts, and liibilities of the said eorpr, ration upon or in
respect ot any such notes (-r bills as aforesaid, or otherwise, shall not in any case exceed the amount of their deposits in
specie and (iovcrnment notes, or (iovernment bills, or notes of the (iovernor and Company of the Hank of lOnvrlan.l, which
may have from time to time been hidfrcd and deposited with the said corporatimi, and three times the amount of the capital
of the said corporation which for the time heiuK shall have been actually paid ui) ; Provided also, that if at any time or
times there shall be a suspension of payment in specie, on demand, of any ol the notes of bills of the saiil corporation at any
bank, hranch, or aijency at which the same are hereinbefore required to be made payable, wc do further onlaiii and declare,
that from and after the commencenicnt, and ilurinR the continuance of, any such suspension of paynients as aforesaid, in
any one of the colonies or settlements aforisiiid, it shall not lie lawful for the said corporation to make any fresh issues of
n,.tes within such eoUmy or settlement : Provided abvays, and we do hereby ordain and dichue, that from and after the
I'xpiratuin of the said term of jl years, it shall not be l.iwfnl for the said errporation at any time thereafter to make, issue,
or re-issue, at or from any town or place, any hank-notes, or bills, or any other instrument in the nature of a bank-note or
hill, and w liether payable to hearer or order, or otherwise : And we i.o furlber ordain and declare, that it shall be lawful
for the said corporation, notwithstaiidiiif,' the Statutes of Mortmain, or any other statutes or laws to the contrary, to pur-
chase, take, bold, and enjoy, to them and their successors, as well in Enjtland as in the said colonies or settleineiiis of New
South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, and any other cidoiiios or settlemcnis in Anstral-nsia, such houses, ottices, buildings,
lands, and other hereditaments as shall or may be thoii;;ht necessary or proiar for the purpises of maii,i;.'lnp:, cuKhictlntr,
and carrying: on the artUirs, concerns, and business of the said corporation, hut not for any other iiiirposcs, and to sell,
convey, and dispose of the same, when not wanted for the piiriiose of the said business ; .\iul we do hereby tyrant unto all
and every person and persons, and bodies politic or corporate, who r,re or shall be otherwise cmupetent, our special licence
and authority to Krunt, sell, alien, and convey in mortmain, unto and to the use of the said cor|ioration. and their succes-
sors, any such houses, otiices, lands, and other hereditaments whatsoever, as aforesiid, aecoidinnly : And we do hereby
further orilain and declare, that when and so soon as the saiil capiliil shares have been so suliscrilied, and a moiety of the
said capital of •.'00,000/. shall have been actually paid up, subject as atiuvsaid ilmt not before', it shall be lawful for the snid
corporation, subject to all the restrictions and provisions herein contained, to commenee and carry on the business of
biuikers, by borrowinir, owiiii;, or taking up any sum or sums of m.uiey on any such notes or bills as aforesaid, or upon
receipts, hills of exchange, promissory notes, or other oblipitions ; also by lendiuf!; money on cash accounts, bills of
exeliaufre. or letters of credit, or on pi'vsonal security ; and al>o by keepiii); the money or casii of any person or (lersons, or
bodies politic or corporate whatsoever ; and also hy dealiufc in money, and in notes, hills, and other securities lor money,
and Konerally by traiisacthiK all such other business as it is, or shall, or ma;- sit any time or times hereafter be lawful for
e.stabUshments for carryinii; on hankina: in all its branches, or dealing in money, or in notes, bills, or other securities for
miiney, to do or transact; but that it shall not be lawful for the said corporation to advance or lend any money upon the
pledge or security of lands, houses, or otliir real property, nor to advance or lend to any shareholder or projirietor of the
said corporation anv sum or sums of mcnicy on the security of bis share or shares ; nor to invest, lay out, employ, advance,
or embark any part of their capital or lunds in the purchase of any lands, houses, or other real or leaseh(^ld property what-
soever, save and except such ai may be thouK'ht necessary or proper for the purpose of manaKiii);:, comliictintr, and carrying
on the affairs, concerns, and business of the said corporation in Kii);lanil, and in the several colonies and seltlcinents afore-
said respectively, as liercinhefore mentioned and provided, nor of any share or shares in the capital or stock tor the time
beiiiK of the said corporation, nor in any trading: or mercantile speciilatiim or business w hatsocver, not usually considered
as falliii)^ within the ordinary and IcKitimatc puriioses and operations of ban'.iu); establishments -. but, nevertheless, that it
shall he lawful for the said corporatioi, to take and accept any lands, houses, or other real and personal property, or any
share or shares in the capital for the tinu- heiiiK of the said coriioration, in satisfaction, li(|Uiilation, or payment of any debt
a''iolutely and hnnnjide due and owinn to the said corporation, and to hold such lands, houses, and other real property anil
shares respectively, for such reasonable time only as shall be necessary for seUinR or disposing of, and convertiUK the same
into money ; and ailso, that it shall be lawful fur the said corporation to sell or otherwise convert into money, any (jood."),
i i
220
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
waroH, or merchandize wlil'h shall or may be taken by them in satLsfaction, licjuidatiun, or payment of any debt and to =fii
«nd convey any lands, liouscs, and ottier real property wliatsocver, or any sliareH, gooils, ware.s, or merchandizes wliirJ
they Khali or may have acquired in manner aforc-aid : And we do hereby furthir will and ordahi, that the total amount of
the bills (if exchanjre or other securities which shall be discounted by the said corporation in any one of the said colonii'« i,r
settlements, and which shall have been ilrawn, accepted, or indorsed by any one or more of the directors, local directors
orotlieersfor the time beiiiM: of the said corporation, sliall not exceed in amount one-third fif all tl'e bills ol exebanKc aiicl
securities which for the time beintr shall be discounted by the said corporation in the same colony : And we do lierel)y direct
and appoint, and our will is, that it shall be lawful for the court of directors of the said corporation twice in every year it
the state of the afl'aiTS of the said corporatiiui will, in their opinion, jalely warrant the same, to declare sueli dividend to
and amoinfst the proprietors of shares in tlie capital for the time beini; of tlie said coriioration for the tlien precediiiL- half
year as shall appear to the said court of directors to be proper j but that no s\ich dividend shall in any ease be declared (ir
paid out of the capital for the time bcin*: of tlie said corporati(m, or otherwise than out of the net trains and profits df the
said corporation : And we do further ordain and declare, that it shall be lawful for the said corporation, from time t<) time to
extend or increase their capital for the time bcinK, by the creation and sale of new shares, in the maiuitr spcciiied and set
forth in the hereinbefore-recited deed of settltmeut of the ad day of June now last past ; provided always, that tlie total
amount of all the new shares to be so from time to time created and sold or allotted, shall not alto|j;etlier exceed the sum of
4(10,(1(10/., and that no such extension or increa: e of the capital of the said corporation slmll be made or take place without
the previous sanction and aiiiirohation in wrillnp of the Lords Commissi(uiers for the time beiup of onr Treasury, from time
to time for that ))urpose first had and obtained ; and that at least half the amount of the incicused eajiital shall be aetuiilly
paid up before any extension of tlic dealings of the said corpiiration, in respect of such new caiiital, shall be coiiimence.l
and until half of such new cajiital shall lie so jiaid up, the dealings and affairs of the said corporation shall be cariied on ii|
all respects as if such extension of capital had not taken place ; And we do hereby further will and dirret, that the diiectors
or local directors of the said corporation do and shall from time to time appoint, in each of the colonies or settleiuents
aforesaid in which any bank, branch, or establishment shall for the time being have been establislied, and be carried on
by the said corporation, one (T more proper person or persons to be the officer or officers for makiiijjr out, prepariiijf, and
verifying such accounts, statements, and abstracts, as are hereinafter required to be made out ami prepared and verified:
And we do hereby further will, direct, and appoint, that the officer (ir officers so to he appointed for the purpose, ui cacti
of the said colonies or settlements as aforesaid, do and shall at the close of every week prepare and make up a full
and correct statement or account in writing, exhibiting and showing tliercin tlie amount and nature of the debts, engage.
ments, and liabilities, and of the assets and property, or securities of the said corporation, at the close of such week
\rithln the particular colony or settlement for whicli such ofiic^er or ofhcers shall have been so app<iinted as aforesaid'
under the following licads or items ; viz. on one side, bills of the said corporation in circulation, not bearing interest ■
notes of the said corporation in circulation, not bearing interest; bills and notes of the said corporation in circulation'
bearing interest; balances due to other banks; cash deixisited with the said corporation, including all sums due from tlieiii[
and not bearing interest (the bills and notes of the said corporation in circulation, and balances due from them to other
banks, excepted;; cash depttsited with the said corporation, and bearing interest ; total amount of the debts, engagements
and liabilities of the said corporation within the said colony or settlement. On the other side, coined gold and silver, and
other coined metals, and also gold and silver in bars or bulUon, at or in the several banking houses or offices of the difTereiit
hanks, branches, or establishments within the colony or settlement ; landed property of the said corporation ; notes and
bills of other banks ; balances due to the said corporation from other banks ; amount of all debts due to the said corporation
including notes, hills of exchange, and all stock and funded debts of every description, excepting balances due to the said
corporation from other banks ; total amount of the assets, property, and security of the said corporation within the coldnv
or settlement : and do and shall at the close of each week, or as soon afterwards as a convenient opportunity for so ddinij
shall occur, cause such weekly statement or account to be forwarded to the princiiial establishment of the said corporation
in England : And we do further will and direct, that on the loth day of April and the 10th day of October in every year,
from the commencement of the business of the corporation, the officer or officers so to be appointed for the purpose in each
of the said cohmies or settlements as aforesaid, do and shall from time to time jirepare and make out, from the above-men-
tioned weekly statements or accounts, in the first instance from the commencement of the said business up to the 10th day
of Ajiril then next, and afterwards during the then lastly expired half year, a general abstract in writing, exhibiting and
showing therein, under the severtil heads or items above-mentioned or referred to, the average amount of the debts, en-
gagements, and liabilities, and of the assets, property, and sccuiities of the said corporation within such particular colony
or settlement during sucli then lastly expired half year ; and we do further will and ilirect, that the officer or officers to lie
appointed for the purjiose in each of the said colonies or settlements as aftu'esaid, do and shall from time tr time, as sonn
as each such general half-j early abstract as aforesaid can be conveniently preiiared and made out, submit the same to tlie
governor for the t.nic being of sucli iiarticiilar cohniy or settlement, and also do and shall (if and when reiiuircd so to do Ijy
such governor) verify the .same by tlie oaths or oath of such officers or officer ; anil the governor for the time being of such
particular colony or settlement is hereby directed anil required from time to time to cause such general half-yearly abstract
to be forthwith inserted, at the expense ot the said corporation, in some one or more of the gazettes or newspapers if any
such there be) published within such colony or settlement, for the general iiiforniati"n of the inhabitants of sucli colony or
settlement ; And we do hereby further will, ordiiin, and direct, that the court of directors oi the said corporation in Kng-
land, do and shall from time to time, at the expiration of each successive lirlf year, or other first mentioned period, comiiu.
ting as aforesaid (or as soon afterwards as the arrival and receipt from the several cidonies or settlements within which
they shall for the time behig have established, and be carrying on, any bank, branch, or esl.ablishineut, of such several
weekly statements or accounts, and of sncli general abstract as are hereinbetbre respectively required to be made out ar.d
forw arded to them as aforesaid will enable them so to do), cause a general statenient in writing to be prepared and made
out, by proper officers to be appointed for that jiurposc in Kngland, exhibiting and showing tlirein, under the several heads
or items abovcmeiitioned or referred to, the aggregate average amount of tlie debts, liabilities, and engagements, oitlie
assets, property, and securities of tlie said corporatuin, as well in England as in iill and every the colonies or settleiuents
aforesaid within which they shall have established, and for the time being be carrying on, any bank, branch, or establish-
ment, or elsewhere, during such then lastly expired half-year; And we do hereby further will, order, and direct, that two
copies of each such half yearly general statement as is la.stly hereinbefore re(|uired to be prepared and made out, shall Ije
authenticated by the signature as well of the chairman for the time being of tlie court of directors of the said corpuiatioii, as
also of their principal cashier or accountant in England, and when so authenticated, one of such copies shall be forlliHilli
submitted by the court of directors to the secretary of state for our colonies, and the other copy to the conimissioneis for
the afi'airs of our treasury ; and that the court of directors shall immediately afterwards cause each such gener..l half yearly
statement to be published in the London (iazette ; And we <lo hereby also will, order, an I direct, that the court of din e-
tors of the said coriioration do and shall, if and whcne\er they shall be required so to do, either by the secretary of stati lor
our colonics, or by the commissioners tor tiieaflTairs of our treasury, produce and suliniit 1 1 him or them, or to such persons
or officers as he or they respectively may appoint for that purpose, tor his or their inspection and examination, the several
colonial weekly .statements or accounts aforesaid, from or uiion which the general liah yearly statement liereinbef<,re re-
quired to be prepared by the court of directors in England, or the several general half yearly abstracts hereinbelore re.
quired to be res|jectively jirepared and submitted to tlie governors of the several coloiiies or settlements aforesaid rc'-pec.
lively shall or may have been respectively ireiiaud : And we do hereby lurtber will and deilare, that the sevrral
rules, regulations, clauses, and agreements contained In the said indenture or deed of settlement ot the 2d day of June
now last past, or to be made in pursuatice therenf, are and shall be deemed and considered to be the existing bye-laws
of the said corporation, save and except in so far as any of them are or may be altered or varied by. or are or may be
Inconsistent or incompatible with, or rejiugnaiit to, any of the provisions of this our charter, or any of the laws nr
statute:, of our realm, but subject nevertheless to be amended, altered, or reiiealed, eitber wholly or in part, in like
manner as the laws, regulations, and provisions contained in the said indenture or deed of settlement arc tliereliy
authorized and directed to be amended, altered, or repealed : Uut we do hereby expressly declare it to be our lojal will
and pleasure, that no rule or bye-law shall, on any account or pretence whatsoever, be made by the said corporation,
either under or by virtue of the said indenture or deed of settlement, or of this our charter, in opposition to the sencral
it
This company
rated by charter ;
1st. From the g
2iid. The hrcedi
3r(l. The breed!
the colony, and tin
•1th. The introd
Great liritain.
On the Hist Dec
Merino, L'Hfifi ; Angl
there were, sheep, I
colonial ditto, 12!) ;
Durham, 23 ; impn
nl acres of land in i
leave men, 62 ; con
In the year Ifli.S
South VVales which
of 2,0011 acres of the
These mines art
hnrbour, called Por
Coal Kiver empties
the seams of coal ai
immediately to the
bt, and to fpII
iiiilizes which
tal amount of
id cohmii's ur
)cal directors,
cxchaiit;e and
herul)y direct
every year, it
h dividend to
receding half-
he declared or
profitu of tlic
inie to time to
ecilii'd and set
, tliat tlie total
■ed tlie sum of
place witliout
iry, from time
all l)e actniilly
; coninienceili
L' can led on in
.t the (liicctors
or settlements
1 he carried ou
lireparinK, and
il and verified :
irpose, in each
lake up a full
debts, origat'e-
of such week,
d as aforesaid,
iring interest ;
in circulation,
lue from tlieni,
them to other
engagements,
and silver, and
of tlic different
ion ; notes and
id corporation,
due to the said
hin the colony
ity for so doiiii;
iid corporation
in every year,
lurpose in each
he ahovc-men-
to the 10th day
exhibiting and
the debts, en-
rticular eohjny
)r officers to lie
' time, as simn
he same to the
red so to do by
e being of such
yearly abstract
spapers (if any
such colony or
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
521
scnpp or true Intent and monninq: of thi^ our charter, or any of the laws or statutes of our re dm ; and that if any such
rule or bye law shall be so made, (he same shall be ahsnhitcly null and void to all intents, effects, cnnstructions, and
pnrpo'ies whatsoever : Aiul we do further will and declare, and these presents are upon this express condition, that if
thesniil corporation shall become insolvent, then, and in that ca<e, all and every the proprietors for the time beini^ of
Rny interest or share in the cajiital thereof, shall he indivi.lu iMy liable, in their per-ons and prop^'rtv, to lie culled upon
tinder the covenant or agreement in the aforesaid indentur,- of copartnership, or otherwise to contriliute for or towards
the payment, satistaction, and discbargo of the debts, liiibilities, and engagements of the said corporation, not only
such part or parts of all and every share or sliares held by him, her, or them respectively in the capital of the said cor-
poration as sliall not have been theretofore called for and paid ui", hut also all such further sum of money (not exceeding
the amount (if the shnros or interest so subscribed for and held by such proprietor <ir nroirietors respeclively in the
capital of the said corporation) as shall be reciulsite and necessary to pay, satisfy, and discharge the debts, eiigago-
ments, and liabilities of t'lo said corporation : And we do hereby further will and ordain, that in the event of the insol-
vcncy of the said coriioratioti, the business hereby authorized to lie earned on by the said corporation shall, so far as the
same may depend upon or bo carried on under or by virtue of the powers and provisions herein given and contained,
cease and determine, and their debts, liabilities, and engagements shall he liquidated and dischargeil, and their assets,
property, and securities shall be sold or disposed of and converted into money, and the surplus (if any^ after providiniir
for the full payment, satisfaction, and discharge of the debts, liabilities, and cii agements of the said corporation, shall
be divided amongst the proprietors of the sail', corjioration, according and in proportion to tlie several and respective
shares and interests in the capital thei-eof : And further, wc do hereby will ami ordain, that in the event of the insol.
vency of the said corporation, or of any suspension in tlie iiayments of the said corporation for the space of i;ti) days in
succession, or for any number of days (at intervals) which shall amount altogether i;ii) days within any one year, or
if the said corporarlon shall not well and truly maintain, abide by, perform, and observe all and every the rules, orders,
provisions, and directions herein contained and set fortfi, then and in any of such cases it shall and may he lawful for
us, our heirs and successors, if we or they shall be so minded, by writing under the sign manual, absolutely to revoke
anil make void this our royal charter, and every matter and thing herein contained : And we do, for us, onr heirs, and
successors, grant and declare, that these our letters patent, or the enrolment thereof, shall be in and by all things valid
and effectual in the law, according to the true intent and meaning of the same; and shall be recognized as valid and
effectual by all our ci urts and judges in Eiiglanil, and by the respective governors for the time being of our said several
colonies or settlements of New .South Waks and Van Dieineti's land, and of onr several other colonies or settlements in
Australasia, and all other officers, persons, and bodies politic or corporate, whom it doth or shall or may concern ; and
that the same shall be taken, construed, and adjudged in the most favourable and heneftcial sense, and for the best
advantage of the s.aid corporation, as well in ourscveral couits of records in our several colonies and settlements afore-
said, and in England and elsewhere, an.1 notwithstanding any non-iecital, mis recital, uncertainty, or imperfection in
these our letters patent : And, lastlv, we do hereby require and enjoin the several governors for the time being of our
said several colonies and settlements aforesaid respectively, to give full force ami effect to these our le'ters patent, and
to be in all things aiding and assisting to the said corporation and their successors. In witness, &c. Witness, &c. the
2Ht day of May.
By writ of the Privy Seal.
" ' ■'■' Exd. L, B. Allen, Comptroller and Surveyor of the Ilanaper.
C C— AUSTRALIAN AGRICULTURAL COMPANY.
This company received a free grant of l,((00,no() acres of land in the territory of New South Wales, and is Incorpo-
rated by charter ; its objects arc—
1st. From the growth and export of fine wool, from Merino sheep of the most approved breed.
2iid. The breeding of horses, on an extensive scale, for sale in New South Wales and in India.
3rd. The breeding of cattle and other live stock, the raising of corn, tobacco, &c. for the supply of the residents in
the colony, and the manufacture of salt.
4th. The Introduction, at a future period, of wine, olive oil, hemp, flax, silk, opium, &c. as articles of export to
Croat Britain.
On the :nst December, 18;i6, the total number of sheep belonging to the company were French Merino, 4,940; Saxon
Merino, anfiO ; Anglo Merino, l,'i.")2; improved colonial, •2",i'.i4 . — total of sheep, ;i6,fil5; on the 31st December, 1836,
there were, sheep, 6.'i,.'i89. Of horses, in 1h:11, thorough bred and Cleveland, and the produce of those breeds, 197;
colonial ditto, 129; Welsh and Timour ponies, and their produce, .18: — total, Mi.: in 18;tf), 453. Of cattle, in 1834,
Durham, 23 ; improved colonial, Sfi; ; colonial, l,3n.i : working oxen, 22^ :— total 2,803: in 1S3(), 3,l69. The number
of acres of land in cultivation and partly cleared in IHiii), was 2,0i)0. The people employed were— of free, (io ; tickets of
leave men, 62 ; convicts, 343 ; exclusive of women and children.
In the year 182.'i, a negociatioii was concluded with his Mnj"sty's government, by which the nines of coal in New
Smith Wales which had been iireviously worked hy the local government, were transferred to the company, with a grant
of 2,000 acres of the coal field.
These mines are situated at Newcastle, about 60 miles to the north of Sydney, at the south entrance of a secure
harbour, called Port Hunter, containing a sufficient depth of water for vessels of about uo tons, and into which the
Coal Uiver empties itself. The entrance of these mines is on a considerable elevation above the level of the sea, and
the seams of coal are visible on the surface of the cliff, which forms the south headland of the harbour. The country
immediately to the south of Pott Hunter is an extensive field of coal, of which the strata have been traced for nine
u
m
222
APPF.NDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
mllcii, when they l-end downwardH, and Miik below tlie level of the ncn. lletwcen the coal beds, are btrata of nandstone
and of rlay slate, umhodded In wliioli there Is fouml abiindnnce of ar;fillaccoiiH iron ore.
The mines are witliiii n short dlstancrc of the ite«, an Inclined plane and level railway leading: from the pits' nrnuth
tothc wl'iirf J the pirnl l», therffiiro Rhlpped with fiirilltv.
The works have hnen completed in a very snp.Tior Htylc, and the operations arc proceeding in a most satisfactory
manner. The sale of coal has hecD steadilv incrcasioR each year since the estahlishmeiit of tlie ciini|iaiiy'» worlc^ anrt
the qnality continues to Improve. The rapid Increase of the town of Sydney, tlie comparative failure ol wood for lilcl in
Its nelu'hhonrhood, toKcthcr with the increasinif introduction of ste im vessels and steam cnsines, combine to offer tlio
most flattering prospect of adding anniiully to the company's prolits in tills Important department of their under
taking.
In thr year lR3f! the sales of coals were as follows:— To his Majesty's Government, 1,703 tons, atSx., 6ho<.- tothc
public, 8,103 tuni), at U«., 3,64(i/. ; to ditto, -^,841 tons, at 10*., 1,120/. ; total tons, 12,6l(i : total sum, 5,747/. '
A/mfriict of the Australian AgricullurnI Compung's Charter.
T1>e Austrollan Agricultural Company's charter, bearing date the 1st of Octoher, 1824, is founded on the Act .1 Geo
4, cap. H(i. The charter, utter setting forth tlie objects contemplated In the act, provides :
1 . That all grants of land to the company shall be passed under the great deal of the colony, in pursuance of a war-
rant under the sign manual.
2. That a quit-rent of one and a half per cent, shall be charged on the land, its value being estimated at Ik. 6d
per acre.
3. That no quit-rent shall be charged on ttie land during the term of five years, such term to be computed from the
date of the grant.
4. Tliat the Company shall have the power to redeem their quit, rent, or any part thereof, on the payment of a sum
equal to 20 times tiie value ot the quit-rent to be redeemed.
5. 'I'liat the companv shall employ on their lands hucli a numhrr of convicts as shall at least he equal to the number
of free labourers employed, provided the governor shall be able and willing to supply a sufficient number of convicts for
that purpose.
(i. 'I tiat the company shall employ one free superintendent to every .^0 convicts.
7. 'lliat none ot the company's land shall be in any way alienated during five years from the date of the grant, under
pain of fcrfeiture of sueli land.
H. That ihe company shall have tlie power of alienating any portion of their land, not exceeding .'iO.flOO acres, after
having proved to the local government an expenditure in the improvement of tlieir grant to the amount of 10,000/., and
so on ill like prop.>rtion, and on the same eonclition, to the extent of one iinlf of tiieir grant ) and they shall also have
the power of leasing for any period not exceeding 21 years, witliout any covenant of renewal, portions of their land
not exceeding one moiety of the whole. '
9. 10. 11. That the quit-rent chargeable on the company's land shall he paid at intervals of five years ; the first pay.
ment to he made alter tlie expiration of 10 >ears from the date of the grunt. Provision Is aKo made for the redemption
of the quit-rent, by the employment and inaiiitenance of (ioo convicts during the greater part of the second period of
five years from the date of the giant, of 1,000 convicts during tlie third period, and of 1,400 convicts during the fourth
period.
12. That the whole amount of quit-rent sHall be redeemed if within 20 years from the date of the grant, it shall
appear that the company liave relieved the treasury from a charge equal to 100,000/., to be calculated at the rate of 211/.
lor eneli convict KU|iportcd during a year.
ITIiis company is under the secretaryship of Henry Thomas Ebsworth, Esq., to whose exertions the company is
much indebted.— R. M. M.j
VAN DIEMEN'S ISLAND.
A. — General Statement of tlie Inhabitants in His Majesty's Settlements at Port Dalrymple and Hobart
Town, Van Diemen's Land ; as accounted for by the respective Returns transmitted to Head Quarters.--
[I'aiiiainentary Papers, iHlO.]
Port Dalrymple : — Civil Department Victualled — 1 Lieutenant-governor; 1 Assistant-surgeon; 1 Deputy
Surveyor of Lands; I Deputy Commissary; 2 Superintendents and Storelceepers ; 4 Women of the Civil
Department; 2 Children of the Civil Department; total of the Civil Department Victualled, 12. Militnry
Department Victualled — 1 Captain ; 1 Lieutenant ; 1 Ensign ; 8 Serjeants and Corporals ; 2 Drummers and
Fifers; 48 Privates; 17 Women; 39 Children above Two Years ; total of the Military Department victualled,
117. Free Persons victualled — 21 Men; 10 Women ; 7 Children above Two years of age ; total number of
Free Persons victualled, 38. Prisoners victualled from the Public Stores — .'iS Men ; 11 Women; 4 Chil-
dren above Two years of age ; total number of Prisoners victualled, 70. Number of different Ration.s — 1-J,3
at Full ; 42 at Two-thirds ; 52 at Half; total number of full Rations, 197. Total number of Persons vic-
tualled from the Stores, 237. People not victualled from the Public Stores — 10 Men; 12 Women; total
number, 22. Total number of Souls in the Settlement, 2.')9. Week's Provisions in the Public Stores-
Beef and Pork, 94; Wheat, Maize, and Rice, and Sugar as Wheat, 39 ; Sugar, 27.
Hobart Town: — Civil Department Victualled — 1 Lieutenant-governor; 1 Deputy Judge Advocate; I
Principal Surgeon ; I Clergyman ; 1 Assistant-surgeon ; 1 Deputy Surveyor of Lands ; 1 Deputy Commis-
sary ; 3 Overseers ; 5 Superintendents and ?*■" ekeepers ; 4 Women of the Civil Department ; 1 Child above
Two years of age ; 1 Child under Two years of age ; total of the Civil Department victualled, 21. Military
Department victualled — 2 Lieutenants; C Serjeants apd Corporals; 2 Drummers and Fifers; 37 Privates,
12 Women ; 5 Children above Two years ; 14 Children under Two years; total of the Military Department
victualled, 78. Free Persons victualled — 273 Men; 151 Women; 92 Children above Ten years of age;
74 Children above Two years of age ; 70 Children under Two years of age; 37 Orphans; total number of
Free Persons victualled, 697. Prisoners victualled from the Public Stores — 1C6 Men; 12 Women; total
number of Prisoners victualled, 178. Number of diffeient Rations, 538 at Full; 272 at Two-thirds; 79 at
Half; 85 at One-quarter; total number of full Rations, 782. Total number of Persons victualled from the
I i
! grant, under
le company is
APPENniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
22?
Stores, 97 1. People not victnalled from the Public Stores — IH Men ; 40 Women ; total number, fi8. Total
number r)f Souls in the Settlement, l,0f)2. Week's I'rovisions in the Public Stores — Ikef and Pork, 13i;
Wheat, Maize, and Rice, and Sugar as Wheat, 74 ; Sugar, 24.
Dateof the above Returns: — Port Dalrymple, 24 Feb. IHIO; Hohart Town, 3 1 Jan. IrtlO. Sydney, New
South Waks, 30 April IHIO. (signed) L. Macquarrie, Gov. in Chief, N. S. W.
B. — General Statement of the quantities of Stock, &c. in His Majesty's Settlements at Port Dalrymple and
Ilobart Town, Van Piemen's Land ; as accounted for by the respective Returns transmitted to Head
Quarters. — [Parliamentary Papers, 1810.]
To th(! Crown, at Port Dalrymple, 31 Decemlior 1809 : — Horses — Male, .'i ; Female, I. Horned Cattle —
nulls, l.')9; Cows, 301 ; Oxen, 118. Sheep— Male, 209 ; Female, 240. Goats— Male, Ifil ; Female, 39.
To the Crown, at Hobart Town, 3 1 January 1810 : — Horses — Male, 2 ; Female, 4. Horned Cattle — Bulls,
34; Cows, .'iOO ; Oxen, 19. Sheep — Male, 46 ; Female, 4.').
Sydney, New South Wales, 30th April 1810. (signed) L. Macquarie, Gov. in Chief, N. S. W.
C— VAN DIEMEN'S LAND— CHARTKR OF JUSTICE. 4th March, 1831.
Extract from Patents of the First Vear of the Reign of King William the Fourth.
Wii.i.iAM the Fourth, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting ; Whereas by an act passed in the
fourth year of the reign nf our roynl brother and predecessor, his late Majesty King George the Fourth, inti-
tuled " An Act to iirovide until the first day of July, 1827, and until the end of the next session of parlia-
ment, for the better administration >..!' justice in New Soutii Wales and Van Diemen's Land, and for the more
rftectual government thereof, and for other purposes relating thereto," it was amongst other things enacted,
that it should he lawful for his said late Majesty, his heirs and successors, by charters or letters-patent under
the great seal of the United Kingdomof Great Britain and Ireland, to erect and establish courts of judicature in
New South Wales and Van Diemen's Laud respectively, which should be styled " the Supreme Court of
New South Wales," and " the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land :" and whereas by letters-patent under
the great seal of the United Kingdom aforesaid, bearing date at Westminster on the 13th day of October in
the year aforesaid, his said late Majesty, in pursuance and l)y virtue of the saitl act of parKament, did grant,
direct, ordain and appoint, that there should be within that part of the colony of New South Wales called
Van Diemen's Land a court, which should be called " the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land:" and
whereas by a certain otiicr act of ))arliamcnt passed in the ninth year of the reign of his said late Majesty,
intituled " !in act to provide for the administration of justice in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land,
and for the more effectual government tliercrtf, and for other purposes relating thereto," it was enacted, that
it should be lawful for his said late Majesty, his hcks and successors, by charters or letters-patent under the
great seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, to erect and cstal)lish courts of judicature in
New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land respectively, which should be styled " the Suj)reme Court of New
South Wales," and " the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land," and that each of such courts respectively
should be holden by one or more judge or judges, not exceeding three, and should have such minirtcrial or
otlicr oflicers as should be necessary for the administration of justice in the said courts respectively, and for
the execution of the judgments, decrees, orders and process thereof ; and that the said judges should from
time to time be appointed by his said late Majesty, his heirs and successors; and that the said ministerial
and other officers of the said courts respectively should from time to time be appointed to and removed from
their respective offices in such manner as his said late Majesty, his heirs and successors, should by such char-
ters or letters-patent as aforesaid direct : and it was thereby further enacted, that until his said late Majesty
should cause such charters or letters- patent to be issued as aforesaid, the Supreme Courts of New Soutli
Wales and Van Diemen's Land respectively, instituted by his said late Majesty's letters-patent under the
great seal, bearing date respectively the 13th day of October, in the fourth year of his said late Majesty's
reign, should retain and exercise the several jurisdictions and dowers in such courts vested by his said late
Majesty's said last-mentioned letters- patent, so far as the same might not be altered by that act, as fuily and
ell'ectually as if such courts respectively had been instituted in virtue and in pursuance of the said act :
ami it was thereby enacted, that the said letters-patent and all orders, acts, matters and things made and
done in pursuance of the powers and authorities vested in his said late Majesty in and by the said act passed
ill the fourth year of tlie reign of his said late Majesty should be of the same force and effect as if the same
had respectively been issued, made, done and perf(n'med by virtue and in pursuance of the said act of the
ninth year of his said late Majesty's reign: now know ye, that wc upon lull consideration of the premises,
and of our especial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, have, in pursuance of the said act of parlia-
ment of the ninth year of the reign of his said late Majesty, thought fit to grant, direct, ordain and appoint,
and by these presents do accordingly for us, our heirs and successors, grant, direct, ordain an appoint, that
there shall he within our colony of Van Diemen's Land a court, whicli shall be called " the Supreme Court
of Van Diemen's Land ;" and we do hereby create, direct and constitute the said Supreme Court of Van
Diemen's Land to be a court of record ; and we do further will, ordain and appoint, tiiat the said Supreme
Court of Van Diemen's Land shall consist of and be holden by and before two judges, of whom one shall
hi! and be called the chief justice of the Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land, and the other shall be and be
called the puisne judge of the Supreme Comt of Van Diemen's Land ; and such judges shall respectively be
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AI'PF.NDIX v.— AUSTRAI,.ASIA.
hnrristrrs in England or Irplnnd of not Ic^s thnn five years KtRudinp, lo l)c nnmrd nnd nppnin^cd from time
to time l>y ns, our Ik irs and suceessors, liy k'ttcrs-patcnt \inder our or their great seal ot the United Kin;,'(l(iiu
ol (irent Britain and Inland ; nnd suili judges shall hold their ottices during the pleasure of us, our heirs and
sueerssors, nnd not otherwise. And we do further grant, ordain and appoint, that the said Supreme Court
of Van Diemen's I.niid shall have and use, as occasion may require, a seal hearing a device and imprtssiou
of our royii' arms within an exergue or lahel surrounding the same with this inscription, " The Seal of the
Supreme Court of Van Dienuii's Land ;" uni\ we do hcrehy grant, ordain and ajipoint, that the said scid
sliall he delivered to nnd kept in the custody of the snul chit f justice. And we do further grant, appoint
anA declare, that no j\idge of the said Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land shall he capahic of acceptim;,
taking or perfurniing any other olliee cu- phui' of profit or emolument, on pain that the aeceptnnce of any
such other oHice or place as ntoresaid shall he and he deemed in \a\v ili' /(wto an avoidance of his otllte nV
judge, and the salary thereof shall cease and he deemed to have ceased accordingly from the time of such
acceptance of any such other otViee or place. And we do herehy constitute nnd appoint our trusty and
well-heloved .h hn Lewes Pedder, I'".s(piire, to he the first chief justice, and our trusty nnd well-heloved
Alexander M'DutV I'axter, Kscpiire, to he the first puisne jiulge of the said Supreme Court of Van DieiiH'ii's
Land, and the said .lohn Lewes Pi ddir and Alexander IVl'Ilulf Baxter heing respectively harristcrs in Lnglund
of five years standing and upwards. And we do herihy ordain, appoint and declare, that there shall he and
belong to the said court the following (jflicers, that is to say, a rei:istrar, nnd another otlicer to he called tlu<
master and keeper of records, and such nnd so many other oflicers as to the chief justice of the said couit loi-
the time heing shall from time to time appear to he necessary for the administration of justice nnd the dne
execution of all the powers and authorities which are granted and committed to the said court hy these imr
letters-patent: ))iovided nevei theless, that no new office shall he created in the said court unless the govci--
nor or acting governor for the time hi iug of our said colony shall first signify his approhation thereof to onr
said chief justice for the time heing, in writing under the hand of si\eh governor or acting governor as afuic-
s-iid : and we do further oidaiti nnd direct that all persons who shall and may he a|)p()inted to the several
oflices of registrar or master and keejier of reconls of the said Supreme Court of Van Diemen's Land, or
to any offices in the said court, whereof the dutiis shall correspond to those performed by the master, rc;;is-
gistrar, prothonotary, or keeper of records of any or either of our courts of record at Westminster,
shall he so appointed hy us, onr heirs, and successors, by warrant under our or their royal signnniuiid;
and that all ))ersons who shall or may he a)i|)ointed to any other office within the said Supreme
Court of Van Diemen's Land shall he so a])pointed hy the governor for the time heing of the said colony.
And we do further direct and appoint that the several officers of the said court so to be appointed as afore-
said hy us, our heirs ami successors, shall hold their respective offices during our and their pleasure: and
that the several officers of the said court so to he aji|)ointed as aforesaid hy the said governor, shall he snb.
ject to be removed hy the said court from the oHiees therein ujion reasonable cause. And wedo liereliy
authorize and eni|)owerthe said supreme court of Van Dienu'n's Land to approve, admit, nnd enrol such and
so nany persons, havnig been ndmitted barristers at law or advocates in (Jreat Uritain or Ireland, or havius
been ndmitted writers, attornies, or solicit(us in one of our courts at Westminster, Dublin, or Kdiid)ins:li,
or having been admitted as proctors in any ecclesiastical court in luigland, to act as well in the character
of barristers and advocates, as of proctors, attornies, and solicitors in the said court; and'which i)ersons soap-
proved, admitted, and enrolled as aforesaid, shall be and arc hereby authorized to appearand plead nnd act for
the suitors of the said court, subjict nlways to be removed hy the said couit from their station therein, n;ion
reasonable cause ; nnd we do declare that no other person or persons whatsoever shall be allowed to appear
nnd i)lead, or act in the said supreme c<Mirt of Van Diemen's Land, for and on behalf of such suitors or
any of them : Provided always, nnd we do ordnin and declare that ni case there shall not be a sutlicient
number of such barristers-at-law, advocates, writers, attornies, solicitors, and proctors within the said
colony, competent and willing to appear and act for the suitors of the said court, then and in that case tlu'
said su])reme court of Van Diemen's Land shall and is hereby authorized to admit so many other tit and
proper persons to appear and act as barristers, advocates, proctors, attornies, and solicitors, as may he ne-
cessary, according to such general rules and qualifications as the said court shall for that purpose make and
establish: Provided, that the said court shall not admit any person to act in any or either of the characters
aforesaid, who hath been by due course of law convicted of any crime, which, according to any law now in
force in Eng'and woidd dis(pudify him from appearing and acting in any of our courts of record at Westmin-
ster. And we do herehy ordain and declare that the governor or acting governor lor the time being of tlic
said colony of Van Diemen's Land shall yearly, on the first Monday in tlie month of January in each year,
by warrant under his hand and seal, nominate nnd appoint some fit and proper person to act as and he tho
sheriff for our said colony of Van Diemen's land and its dependencies for the year ensuing, which slieritl'
when appointed shall, as soon as conveniently may be, and before he shall enter upon his said office, take
an oath faithfully to execute his office, and the oath of allegiance, before the governor or acting governor,
who are hereby auothorized to administer the same; and such sheriff shall continue in such his office dnrin;,' I
the space c*^one whole year, to be computed from the said first Monday in the month of January, and nntil
another shall he appointed and sworn into the said office ; and in case such sheriff shall die in his office, or
depart from our said colony of Van Diemen's Land, then another person shall, ns soon as conveniently may
be after the death or departure of such sheriff, be in like manner appointed nnd sworn in as nforesnid, and shall \
continue in his office for the "-emairder of the year, and until another sheriff shall be duly ai)pointcd an,'
sworn into the said office : And we do further order, direct, and appoint that the said sheriff and his successors!
shall by themselves, or their suUicient deputies to be by them api)ointed and duly authorized under their rc-[
spective hands and seals, and for whom he and they shall be responsible during his or their continuing inj
such office, execute, and the said sheriff and his said deputies are hereby authorized to execute all the writs I
summonses, rules, orders, warrants, commands, and processes of the said supreme court of Van Dicmeii'sl
Land and make return of the same, together with the maimer of the execution thereof, to the sniMTiin'l
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL ASIA.
225
court of Van Dienicn's Land, and to receive and detain in prison ail siirli persons as shall he committed to
the custody of such ahcrirt" l)y the said supreme court of Van Diemen's Land, or by the chief justice or the
puisne judge of tlie said court : And we do furtlier autliorize our governor or acting governor for the time
being of the said colony of Van Diemcn's Land, tore-appoint the same person to till the ortice of sheriff
from year to year, if it shall appear to our said governor or acting governor expedient so to do ; so never-
theless as that such appointment shall he aniuuilly renewed and lie not ever made for more than one year :
Provided nevertheless, and we do hereby recpiire our said governor or acting governor of our said colony
for the time being, in the selection of any person or persons to till the said odice of sheriH' of Van Dienien's
Land, to conform himself to such directions as may from time to time be given in that behalf by us, our
heirs, and successors, through one of our or their principal seeri'taries of state: And we do further direct,
ordain, and appoint, that whenever the said supreme court of Van Dicinin's Land shall direct or award any
process against the said shell if, or award any process in any cause, uuitter, or thing, wherein the siiid she-
riir, on account of his being related to the parties or any of them, or by leason of any good cause of challenge
which would be allowed against any shcrilV in l''.nglaiid, cannot or ougiit nm. by law to execute the same, in
every such case the said supreme court of Van DiL'men's Land shall name and appoint sdme other ht person
to execute and return the same, and the said process shall be directed to the person so to be named for that
purpose, and the cause of such special proceedings shall be suggested and entered on the records of the siiid
court : Provided always, and we do hereby ordain and dielari', that the said supreme ccnirt of Van Dienien's
Land shall fix certain limits beyond which the said sheriH' shall not be coinjiclled or coniiiellalile to go in
person, or by his olVuers or deputies, for the execution of any process of the said court ; arul when the pro-
cess of the said court shall be to be executed in any pliiiu! or places beyond the limits so t<i he fixed, we
grant, ordain, and direct that the said supreme court of Van Dienien's Land shall, upon motion, diieet by
what person or persons, and in what manner such process shall be executed, and the terms and conditions
which the party, at whose instance the same shall be issued, shall enter into, in order to prevent iiiiy iin-
jiroper use or abuse of the process of the said court, and the said sheritV shall and he is hereby nijuired to
grant his special wai rant or deputation to such person or persons as the said court shall direct for the exe-
cution of such process; and in that case we direct and declare that the saiil sherilV, his executors, or admi-
nistrators, shiiU not be responsible or liable for any aet to be done in or in any way respecting the execution
of such process, under and by virtue of such special warrant, and that any person or persons being ag-
grieved under or by pretence of such special warrant, shall and may seek their remedy imileraiiy security which
may have been dirc^cted to betaken ujion the occasion, and which the said court is berdiy authorized to direct
to be taken. And whereas in the said last mentioned Act of PailianK'Ut, it is enacted that the said supreme
courts respectively shall be courts of ecclesiastical jurisdiction, and shall nave full power and autliority to
administer and execute within New .S luth Wales and Van Diemen's Land, and the (k'penilencies tliert'of re-
spectively, such ecclesiastical jui-isdiclion ami authority as shall hi' committed to the said supreme coiirts
respectively, by our charters or letters- pat cut : Now we do hereby, torus, our heirs, and successors, grant,
ordain, establish, and appoint that the said supreme court of Van Diemen's Land shall he a court of eccle-
siastical jurisdiction, with full power to grant probates, under the seal of the said court, of the last wills and
testaments of all or any of the inhabitants of the said colony and its dependencies, and of all other per-
sons who shall die and leave personal ellects within the said colony and its d('|)endencics ami to ccmimit
letters of administration, under the seal of the said court, of the goods, chattels, credits, and all other
effects whatsoever of the perions aforesaid who shall die intestate, or who shall not have n;imed an executor
resident within the said colony and ils dependencies, or where the executor, being duly cited, shall not ap-
pear and sue forth such probate, annexing the will to the letters of administnvtion, when such persons shall
iiavc left a will without naming any executor c)r any person for executor who shall then be alive and resident
within the said colony and its dependencies, and who, being duly cited theieunto, will appear and sue forth
probate thereof, and to se(iuesterthe goods and chattels, credits, and other elV.cts whatsoever of such persons so
dying, in cases allowed by law, as the same is and may be n iw used in the diocese of London ; and to demand,
require, take, hear, examine, and allow, and if ocsasion re(|iiire to disallow and reject, the accounts of them in
such manner and form as may be used in the diocese of Louden, and to do all other things whatsoever need-
ful and necessary in that behalf: Provided always, and we do hereby authorize and re(|uire the said court, in
such cases as aforesaid, where letters of administration shall be committed with the will annexed, for want
of an executor applying in due time to sue forth the probate, to reserve in such letters of administration full
power and authority to revoke the same, and to grant probate of the said will to such executor whenever he
shall duly appear and sue forth the same: And we do hereby further authorize and reipiire the said supreme
court of Van Diemen's Land to grant and commit such letters of administration to any one or nuue of the
lawful next akin of such person so dying as aforesaid, and being then resident within the jurisdiction of the
said court, and being of the age of twenty-one years, and in case no such person shall then be residing with-
in the jurisdiction of the said court, or, being duly cited, shall not appear and pray the same, to the registrar
of the said court, or to such person or persons, whether creditor or creditors or not of the deceased person,
as the court shall see fit : Provided always, that probates of wills and letters of administration to be granted
by the said court shall be limited to such money, goods, chattels, and elfocts as the deceased person shall
be entitled to within the said cohniy audits dependen( ics : And we do hrrchy further enjoin and rerpiire
'Kat every perse to whom such letters of administration shall be committed, shall, before the granting
viiereof, give sufficient security by bond, to be entered into to us, our heirs, and successors, for the payment
of a competent sum of money, with one, two, or more able sureties, respect being had in the sum therein to
be contained, and in the ability of the sureties, to the value of the estates, credits, and elTects of the dcceast-d,
which bond shall be deposited in the said court among the records thereof, and there safely kept, and a copy
thereof shall be also recorded among the proceedings of the said court; and the condition of the said bond
shall be to the following effect : " That if the above-bounded administrator of the goods, chattels, and eflfects
of the deceased do make or cause to be made a true and perfect inventory of all and singular the goods, cre-
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APPKNDIX v.— AUSTRAL- ASIA.
dits, and effects of the said deceased which have or shall come to the hands, possession, or knowledge of him
the said administrator, or to the hands or possession of any other person or persons for him, and the saini:
80 made do exhibit into the said supreme court of Van Dicmen's Land at or before a day therein to be sjje-
citied, and the same goods, chattels, credits, and effects, and all other the goods, chattels, credits, and eflVcts
of the deceased at the time of his death, or which at any time afterwards shall come to the hands or posses-
sion of such adminstrator, or to the hands or possession of any other person or persons for him, shall well
and truly administer according to law, and further shall make or cause to be made a true and just account
of his said administration at or before a time therein to be specified, and afterwards from time to time as he,
she, or they shall be lawfully reriuired, and all the rest and residue of the said goods, chattels, credits, and
effects whicli shall he found from time to time remaining upon the said administration account, the same
being first examined and allowed by the said supreme court of Van Diemen's Land, shall and do pay
and dispose of in a due course of administration, or ni such manner as the said court shall direct, then
this obligation to be void and of none effect, or else lo be and remain in full force and virtue;" and in
case it shall be necessary to put the said bond in suit for the sake of obtaining the effect thereof for the
benefit of such person or persons as shall appear to the said court to be interested therein, such per-
son or persons from time to time giving satisfactory security for paying all such costs as shall arise from
the said suit, or any part thereof, such person or persons shall, by order of the said court, be allowed to sue
the same in the name of the attorney-general for the time being of the said colony, and the said bond
shall not be sued in any other manner : And we do hereby authorize and empower the said court to order
that the said bond shall be put in suit in the name of the said attorney-general : And we do further
will, order and rccpiire, that the said court shall fix certain periods when alt persons to whom probates of
wills and letters of administration shall be granted by the said court, shall from time to time, until the
effects of the deceased person shall be fully administered, pass their accounts relating thereto before the
said court ; and in case the eliccts of the deceased shall not be fully administered within the time for that
purpose to be fixed by the said court, then, or at any earlier time, if the said court shall see tit so to
direct, the person or persons to whom such probate or administration shall be granted, shall pay, deposit
and dispose of the balance of money belonging to the estate of the deceased then in his, her or their hands,
and all money which shall afterwards come into his, her or their hands, and also all precious stones,
jewels, bonds, bills, and securities belonging to the estate of the deceased, in such manner and unto such
persons as the said court shall direct for safe custody ; and we require that the said court shall from time to
time make such order as shall be just for the due administration of such assets and for the payment or remit-
tance thereof or any part thereof, as occasion shall require, to or for the use of any person or persons, whether
resident or not resident in the said colony and its dependencies, who may be entitled thereto or any part thereof
as creditors, legatees or next of kin, or by any other right or title whatsoever. And we further order and direct,
that it shall be lawful for the said court to allow to any executor or administrator of the effects of any
deceased person (except as herein mentioned) such commission or ])er centage out of their assets as shall
be just and reasonable for their pains and trouble therein: provided always, that no allowance whatever
shall be made for the pains and trouble of any executor or administrator who shall neglect to pass liis
accounts at such time or to dispose of any money, goods, chattels or securities with which he shall he
chargeable, in such manner as in pursuance of any general or special rule or order of the said court shall
be requisite ; and moreover every such executor or administrator so neglecting to pass his accounts, or to
dispose of any such money, goods, chattels or securities with which he shall be chargeable, shall be charged
with interest at the rate then current within the said colony and its dependencies for such sum and sums
of money as from time to time shall have been in his hands, whether he shall or shall not make interest
thereof. And we do hereby authorize the said supreme court of Van Diemen's Land to appoint guardians
and keepers of infants and their estates accoiding to the order and course observed in that part of our
United Kingdom called England, and also guardians and keepers of the persons and estates of natural fools,
and of such as are or shall be deprived of their understanding or reason by the act of God, so as to he unable
to govern themselves or their estates, which we hereby authorize and empower the said court to in(iuire
[into,] hear and determine, by inspection of the person, or such other ways and means by which the
truth may be best discovered and known. And we do hereby direct, establish, and ordain, that any person or
persons may appeal to us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, from any judgment, decree,
order or sentence of the said supreme court of Van Diemen's Land, in such manner, within such time, and
under and subject to such rules, regulations and limitations as are hereinafter mentioned, that is to say,
in case any such judgement, decree, order, or sentence shall be given or pronounced for or in respect of
any sum or matter at issue above the amount or value of £1000 sterling, or in case such judgment, decree,
order, or sentence shall involve directly or indirectly any claim, demand or question to or respectmg pro-
perty or any civil right, amounting to or of the value of £1000 sterling, the person or persons feeling
aggrieved by any such judgment, decree, order, or sentence, may within 14 days next after the same shall
have been pronounced, made or given, apjjly to the said court by petition for leave to appeal therefrom to
us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council ; and in case such leave to appeal shall be prayed
by the party or parties who is or are directed to pay any such [?] sum of money, or perform any duty, the
said court shall and is hereby empowered either to direct that the judgment, decree, order or sentence
appealed from shall be carried into execution, or that the execution thereof shall be suspended pending
the said appeal, as to the said court may appear to be most consistent with real and substantial justice ; and
in case the said court shall direct such judgment, decree, order or sentence to be carried into execution,
the person or persons in whose favour the same shall be given, shall, before the execution thereof, enter
into good and sufficient security, to be approved by the said court, for the due performance of such
judgment or order as we, our heirs and successors, shall think fit to make thereupon ; or in case the suid
court shall direct the execution of any such judgment, decree, order, or sentence to be suspended pending
the appeal, the person or persons against whom the same sliall have been given, shall in like manner and
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
227
before «ny order for the suspension of any such execution is maile, enter into good nnd sufficient security
to the said court for the due performance of such judsmont or order as we, our heirs and successors, shall
thinlc tit to malce thereupon ; and in all cases we will and rc(|uire that security shall also be given by the
party or parties appellant to the satisfaction of the said court for the prosecution of the appeal and for the
payment of all such costs as may be awarded by us, our heirs and successors, to the jmrty respondent ;
and if such last-mentioned security shall be entered into within three months from the date of sucli petition
for leave to appeal, then, a'lid not otherwise, the said court shall allow the appeal, and the party or parties
a|)pellant shall be at liberty to prefer and prosecute his, her or tlieir appeal to us, our heirs and successors,
in our or their privy council in such manner and under such rules as are observed in appeals made to us
from our plantations or colonies : and we do hereby reserve to ourself, our heirs and successors, in our or
their privy council, full power and authority, upon the humble jjetition, at any time, of any iierson or
persons agsreived by any judgment or determination of the said court, to refuse or admit bis, her or their
a|)peal therefrom, upon such terms and upon such limitations, restrictions and regulations as we or they
shall think fit, and to reverse, correct or vary such judgment or determination as to us or them shall seem
meet : and it is our further will and pleasure, that in all cases of appeal allowed by the said court, or by
us, our heirs or successors, the said court shall certify and transmit to us, our heirs, or successors, in our
or their privy council, a true and exact copy of all evidence, proceedings, judgments, decrees aiul orders
had or made in such cases appealed, so far as the same have relation to the matters of appeal, such copies
to be certified under the seal of the said court. And we do further direct and ordain, that the said court
shall in all cases of appeal to us, our heirs or successors, conform to and execute, or cause to be executed,
such judgments and orders as we shall think fit to make in the iiremises, in such mantier as any original
judgment, decree, or decretal order, or other order or rule of the said court of Van Diemcn's Land, should
or might have been executed : and we do hereby strictly charge and command all governors, commanders,
magistrates, ministers, civil and military, and all our li'"'ge subjects within and belonging to the said colony,
that in the execution of the several powers, jurisdictions and authorities hereby granted, made, given or
created, they be aiding and assisting, and obedient in all things, as they will answer the contrary at their
peril : provided always, that nothing in these presents contained, or any act which shall be done under the
authority thereof, shall extend or be construed to extend to prevent us, our heirs and successors, to repeal
these presents or any part thereof, or to make such further or other provision by letters- patent for the
administration of justice, civil and criminal, within the said colony and the places now or at any time here-
after to be annexed thereto, as to us, our heirs and successors, shall seem fit, in as full and ample a manner
as if these present had not been made, these presents or anything herein contained to the coritrary thereof
in anywise notwithstanding. In witness, &c., the 4th day of March.
By Writ of Privy Seal.
D.— ABSTRACT OF THE VAN DIEMEN'S LAND COMPANY'S CHARTER.
The Van Diemen's Land Company's charter, bearing dated the 1st September, 1825, is founded on the
Act of the G Geo. 4, c. 39.
The charter, after setting forth the objects contemplated in the act, goes on to declare and define the
scope of the operations of the company. It empowers the company to expend their capital in the improve-
ments of their lands and the construction of works thereon, and in carrying out emigrants. It conveys the
power of " working and raising mines and minerals," subject to such conditions as might be imposed by the
government.
The company may make loans on the security of " lands and hereditaments" situated within the colony,
to the amount of 50,000^ in the whole ; a record of each loan to be entered in the supreme court within
one month.
They may also make loans to the amount of 20,000/. on any " bonds or judgments" (such loans to be
subject to the further regulation of the government), provided they do not enter into any banking operations.
Loans may be made without restriction to persons settling on their lands for the purpose of improving
them.
They may contract for public works to the extent of 50,000/. This licence to continue for 10 years only,
and be then subject to renewal or otherwise.
They may advance money to the government to the extent of 100,000/. on security of any tolls or taxes.
Tills licence also to continue for 10 years only, subject to renewal.
They may advance money on whale or seal fisheries to the amount of 20,000/.
They may lay out capital to the extent of 20, "OO/. in the acquirement of " houses, wharfs, and buildings,"
and capital to the amount of 10,000/. in the acquisition of any other description of real property, " lands or
hereditaments." Such last-mentioned description of property (not being a house, wharf, or other building)
to be only through a license from the governor. The secretary of state may authorize the company to
increase such loans and investments o|^ capital, if it shall appear to be for the benefit of the colony to do so.
Provision is then made for regulating the tenure of their grant.
1. The grants to be made under the seal of the colony, in pursuance of warrants under the Royal Sign
Manual.
2. A quit-rent to be hargeable of H per cent, on the lands.
3. No quit-rent to be due or payable for five years from the date of the grant.
4. May redeem the quit-rent by payment of 20 times its amount.
5. They shall employ a number of convicts equal to the number of their free labourers, provided the
governor should be able and witling to supply such a number.
G. The company to employ one free overseer to every 50 convicts.
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APPENDIX v.— AUSTRALASIA.
7. None of the cnmpnny's land to be alienated for five years from the date of the grant, under penalty of
a forfeiture to the crown.
H. The compniiy have the power of alienating; any portion of their land (after «uch period of five years)
not exet'eding l^.TiOO acres, after havinR proved to the local government an expenditure of 'JJtUOl. ; and sn
on in like proportion, and on the snmi- coiiditionK, to the extent of one-half their Rrant. They niav also
lease for any period not exeeedin;; 21 years any portions of their land, to the extent of one-hnlf their Kriuit.
!), 10, St 11. The quit-rent cluirgeable on the company's land shall he paid at intervalM of live years; tlic
first payment to be made after the expiration of 10 years from the date of the Rrant. It is also provided,
that the (piit-rcnt may he redeemed by the employment and maintenance cd' ITjO convicts during; the srcatcr
part of the second period of five years from the date of the grant, of ii50 convicts during the third period,
and of r^fiO during the fourth period.
I J. The lands shall be free from quir-rent if, within 20 years from the date of the crnnt, the company
shall make it appear that they have relieveil the local treasury from a charge etpial to 2!\,{HH)/. Iiy the main-
tenance of convicts, to he calculated at the rate of Ifi/. lor each convict supported during the year.
The capital of the company in lixed at 1,000,000/. sterling, to he raised in shares of 100/. each.
Then fidlow various jirovisions relative to tlio appointment of the governor, deputy-governor, ami the
directors ; their meetings, he. Sec. &c. [A letter of Lord liiithnrnl's, tlirn scrrptmi/ of stute for tin- niliinifn,
vill shew the terms on which government were then disposed to ^ranl the colonial lamh to companies cstuhlkhed
in Eiis^land.]
E. — Copy of a Letter from Earl Bathurst to Mr. lulward Curr, Secretary to the proposed Van Uiemen's
Land Company.
Sir, Downing-street, l.lth April, IH2."i.
Having had under my consideration the letter which on the 22d ultimo you addressed to me on helialf u(
the merchants and others who have associated themselves together as a company for the cultivation and
improvement of waste lands In Mis Majesty's lslaii<l of Van Dieinen's Laiul, 1 have thought it ri^ht in
transmitting my answer to your proposal.-, to avail myself of the opportunity this corresjionilence alfords, of
statiiii; to you explicitly the terms upon which I am prepared to advise llis Majesty to sanction tlie fornia-
tion of the projected company.
2. It would he superfluous to state in this place the reasons which have induced me to consider tlic
establishment of a company for the cultivation and improvement of waste lands in more than one of llis
IMajesty's colonies as an undertaking deserving the support of His Majesty's government. It is sullicieiit tu
express the conviction of llis Majesty's government, that the introduction of capital, judiciously appliid,
cannot fail to produce the most beneficial results. It must therefore form the essential basis of every siicli
plan, that adeepiate security sliould be given tliat the nominal capital of any company of this description will
be really raised and expended in carrying the avowed designs of the subscribers into effect.
3. I must therefore stipulate, on tlie behalf of Hii Majesty's guvenmient, that before any bill is brought
into Parliament for investing the Van Dieinen's Land company with the necessary powers, four-fil'ths, at
least, of the capital should be actually subscribed ; and I shall expect to receive, on the personal credit (if
the very respectable gentlemen whose names are placed at the hoad of the proposed company, an assurance
that the subscribers are in general persons of capital and substance adequate to the payment of their sub-
scriptions.
4. I shall further require as a necessary preliminary to the granting of the charter, that tiie subscribers
shall actually jiay up and deposit in the hands of the directors five i)er cent, upon the auuxuit of the capital
subscribed, and an additional five per cent, on that amount before the lands to be granted by the Crown are
actually delivered into the possession of the company. If, in addition to these secuiities, it were i'ossil)le to
render the shares of the capital stock of the company inalienable for a few years, I should be much dis|iost(l
to insist on such acondition. But being, upon full consideration of the subject, persuaded that the number
ofexceptions to such a rule which must be admitted, combined with the various contrivances which miglit
be devised for eluding its operation, would deprive the rule itself of all practical cflicacy, I have decided not
to insist upon such acondition. As a substitute for it, however, 1 shall expect the company to agree to the
following regulation ; The capital originally subscrilied will be divided into shares of 50/. eacli, and the certi-
ficates to be delivered to sbaie'iolders will be expressed accordingly. But as, in the progress of the underta-
king, it may be necessary that additional capital should be raised, it will be jirovided, that His Majesty's
government may authorize the creation of an additional capital, equal in amount to that originally
subscribed.
This additional capital will also be divided into shares of .')0/. each, and the original subscribers will he
required to agree, for themselves and their representatives, that each person will accept a number of the
second set of shares equal to the number which, at the lime of such increase of capital, he may hold in tiie
original shares.
5. Although the sanction of His Majesty's government will thus precede the increase of capital, it is, on
the other hand, to be understood that this sanction will not be given unless it shall be applied for in a peti-
tion adopted at a general meeting of the subscribers, and unle.^s His Majesty's government sliall receive
satisfactory proof that a considerable proportion of the original capital has been iojia^'t/e applied and ex-
pended in the prosecution of the undertaking.
6. The capital to be originally subscribed will be 500,000/. sterling, and will be divided into ten thousand
shares. Each director and auditor of the "Company will be required to hold fifty shares, as the necessary
qualification for his admission and continuance in those offices.
7. It is necessary that the manner in which it shall be lav^-ful for the company to employ this capital
should be defined with as much precision as the nature of the subject will admit ; for it must be clearly un-
APPENDIX v.— AUSTRAL. ASIA.
999
i|)un
(IiTstond that, rvcry intrntionni deviation from the mode of cmploymi'iit aiithoriznl by the term* >
tliartcr, acrnnliiin to tlu'ir liiir iirul i((iiital)li; CDii.stnictitin, will hi' iKiiiud ii violutiuii of tlio ttrih
wliicii such L'hnrti'i- was giiuitcil.
H. As soon as tlip proposi'd dmrtpr of incorporation shall l)c ohtal tied, and thn necessary surveys c»m«
plcti'd, I shall he ready to advice Ills Mnji'sty to ii\iike to the roiiipany a j;raiit of two hundred and fifty
thousand arres (if land in the island of Van Dieniin's Land ; anil oiu' of the piiiniiry ulijccts in ivliidi the
i'iiin|)any will he authorized to expiiid their capital, will he the clearing, improvement un<i cultivation of
this tract of land. 'I'he words " improvement and cultivation" will he understood in a lar(;e and liheral
sense, as ineludiuj; the formanon of mads, drains and hiid^'cs; the election of houses, nulls, and other
works and machinery necessary or convenient for the occupation or prolituhle cultivation of the soil ; the
di'pasturiii!? of sheep or cattle, and [j;enerally such operations of agriculture ur pasturage us the exigencies
mid peculiar situation of settlers in a new country may reipiiro.
!». Another mode of eniployint; the capital of the company will consist in the di frayins; the expenses
incident to the emigration of persons proposin;; to settle upon any part of the company's estates ; in whicU
is of course included all charfi s ot freight, outfit, and other expenses incident to the removal of emigrants,
and to the settling them on their arrival.
10. With respect to the operations of mining, it may he necessary to remark that the Crown has always
reserved to itself, upon the grant of waste lands in the colonies, all mines and minerals hemiith the surface.
A similar resi'rvation will he made in the grant which may he issued in favour of the proposed cmipany.
I'ermission, however, will be given to the company to ac:;ept leases or grants of mines from His Majesty
within the island of Van Diemen's Land, and to employ their capital in raising minerals, and in nil other
expenses ordinarily incident to that operation. It will, however, he clearly uiuleistooil that the company is
not to engage in any mining concerns, except upon such lands as may he expressly demised or granted to
them by the Crown for that purpose; and that such grants or leases will presciil)e such conditions as may
from time to time appear necessnry to His Majesty, for preventing the capital of the eompuny being enj;age(l
in these undertakings to an unreasonable extent, or in nn iinproviileiit niatiner. It is seureely necessary to
add, that it will altogether be optional with the Crown to niiike or to withhold such grants or leases, and
that without an express grant or lease the coni|iany will not be at liberty to engage in mining operations,
even upon their own lands. The ordinary operations of (luarrying, or raising lime, eluy, or other materials
for buildings, do not fall within the meaning of this prohibitory rule.
11. The cinployinent of the capital of the company in making loans to settlers will he permitted, but this
power must not he exercised, except under such restrictions as have appeared to me necessary for prevent-
ing the abuses to which such a |)ower, if unrestricted, might obviously lead. First, then, it will be reipiired
that all loans of this nature should be matter of public record, and that the whole amount of the money for
which the company may at any one time be in advance to settlers shall not exceed ;')(), OUO/. sterling. Fur-
ther, the company will be permitted to lend money on mortgage to persons not settled on their own estates,
but in such manner as only will give them, in default of payment, the right, not of foreclosure, but of sale ;
and in every loan made on mortgage, a provision shall be introiluccd for the repayment of the money bor-
rowed by instalments. In the event of the company bringing the estate of their debtor to a judicial sale,
they will not be per.;utted to become the purchasers of it from the sherilf, for any price greater than the
sum which the company may have vested on the mortgage of such estate.
12. The preceding legnlations resiiccting the lending of money on mortgage will not extend to the case of
persons eH'ecting settlements on the company's estates. I do not deem it necessary to limit the amount of
capital which may be advanced to this class of settlers, or to restrain the company from entering into such
contracts with them, as, upon general princiides of law, may be made by way of mortgage between any pri-
vate caiiitalist and the owners of land.
13. With respect to the employment of the eaiiital of the company on loans to private individuals upon
mere personal security, it is reiiuisite to lay down explicitly the distinction wliicli it will be necessary to
observe. It cannot be too plainly stated, that transactions in the nature of banking operations cannot be
permitted. The company will therefore not be at liberty to lend money at interest to any private person by
way of discount upon bills of exchange, promissory notes, or other negotiable securities, which by the cus-
tom of trade are trausferalile by delivery, or by a simple indorsement : still less can they be allowed to open
a running account with any private person in the nature of an ordinary banker's account. But they will be
permitted so advance money to any private person resident in the island on the security of bonds or judg-
ments, provided that the whole amount of such loans shall not at any one time exceed 20,000/. and subject
to such regulations as may from time to time be laid down for the jirevention of abuses.
14. The em))loyment of a portim of the capital of the company in the accomplishment of public works,
will be expressly sanctioned : but here also the permission must be qualified by such limitations as have
appeared to be necessary to obviate its possible abuse. In the first place, the company will not be permitted,
at any one time, to embark more than !\0,i)00l. in the whole, in any undertaking of this nature. At the
expiration of ten years from the date of their charter, the power of employing any jiart of their capital in the
execution of public works, will cease, unless his Majesty's government shall, at that period, see fit to con-
tinue that power for a further period. And finally, the company will not consider themselves as having any
claim to be preferred above private persons in contracts of this nature, unless their proposals should, by the
local government, be deemed more advantageous than those of any other candidates.
1.5. If the governor and legislative council of the colony should, at any time, pass any act for borrowing
money for the public service, on the security of tolls, or other public taxes, the company will be permitted,
in the event of such acts being confirmed by his Majesty, to become competitors for any such loans, provided
that they are never in advance, on that account, in a greater sum than 100,000L at any one time. This
power of making loans will, however, expire in ten years from the date of the charter, unless it should be
then renewed for a limited period, by the express sanction of his Majesty's government.
ill
; ■ ' i
lljj' ;
II
230
APPF.NniX v.— AHSTRAL-ASIA.
ir.. WlinllnR and ncnllnp; (\rr mrnfiourd in your letter (i« nffordinn a mode in which the cnpital of thr com-
pany tnlKhthc invcsft'dwitli ndvantiiKC to thr rolony. Thi- conduct ofawlinlc fluhcry. upon an i'Xtiniiivc ncalf
rifpilrcs NO much ntfcntion, and no liirRi- an rxpinditurc, and involves no much rink, that I cannot d«Tm it
riplit to nanctir)n the diversion of the capital of the cimipany, or the time of it* aRents, into such a channel.
l»ut so fnrns whnliiiK and RealinR, undertaken on the account and risk of others, can he' promoted hy loans of
money to he made hy the company, according to the preceding conditionn, there will l)e no ohjcetion to that
employment of it, to an extent not exceeding 20, ()()()/.
17 Having thus dcHned in general the purposes for which the capital of the company may be employeil,
I proceed to state rhe general nde, that it is not to he engnged in any species of trade. Without undertak-
ing to furnish a precise deflnition of the general term, I would he understood to mean hy trade, any trnnt-
nction in thr nature of barter and sale, which might nr)t he fairly and Imm) ftdf undertaken for tlic purpose
of converting into cash, or remitting to other ports, in the most convenient and economical manner, the
produce of the company's lands.
IH. The investment of the capital of the company in the ))urcha8e of lands in the colony, will not he per-
mitted except in special cases, in which they shall first obtain the licence of the governor, it being undt r-
stood, that even with his licence, they can never at any one time have invested in the purchase of land more
than 10,(100/.
19. In reference to your request that the company may be at liberty to invest some portion of its capital
in the purchase of liouses and wharfs in the dittVrent townships, I am to apprize you that to the extent of
UO, 000/. such investments will be permitted, and that for that purpose the licence of the local government
will not be necessary.
20. As the preceding limitations, with regard to the amount of the capital which the company may cmlmrk
in the several ))«rticular operations above enumerated, may in process of time require revision, a i)ower will
be reserved to the crown to authorize hy a licence through the secretary of state, any augmentation of sucli
advances which experience may show to he necessary or desirable.
21. With respect to the grant and selection of the lands to be conceded to the company, the followin'
rules will be observed ; —
The company will receive their grant in the north- west dishict of the island, that district being for tlie
present purpose, considered as bounded on the nortli hy Bass's Streights ; on the west by the ocean ; and
on the east and south by lines drawn from either shore, so as to nttbrd the necessary deptli of country.
Within tliat district they will be at liberty to select any imgranted lands at their own discretion. Those
lands must however lie in one continuous and unbroken tract, approximating to the form of a scjuare, ns
nearly as may be, conqiatible with preserving a clear and well-defined natural boundary. The whole cpmntity
of useful land, that is of land capable of being used in pasturage or tillage, to he contained in this square, is
two hundred and fifty thousand acres. Whatever useless and luiprofitable land may be unavoidably includtd
in order to complete the square figure, will be granted to the company gratuitously.
22. Tlie survey and valuation of the land thus to he granted to the company, will be carried into edcct hy
five commissioners, of whom two will l)e appointed by tlie crown, and two by the company. The fiftli com-
missioner will be elected by the four thus apppointed. If the majority cannot concur in the election within
fourteen days after their own appointment, then at the expiration of that period the governor or ofiiiccr
administering the government of Van Diemen's Land, will, on his Majesty's behalf, nominate a fifth comniis-
sioner.
23. In the event of the death, resignation or absence from the colony of any one of the five commissioners
before the survey is completed, a successor will be appointed by the surviving or continuing commiHsioners;
nnd if they cannot concur in electing a successor within fourteen days after the vacancy has occurred, tlie
nomination will be made by the officer administering the government of the island.
24. The remuneration of the commissioners a|)pointed by his Mojesty will he provided for and paid hy
his IVlajesty ; that of the commissioners a|)poihtcd by the company, will be provided lor and paid by them.
The remuneration of the fifth commissioner, and the other expenses incident to the commission, will be pro-
vided and paid for equally between his Majesty and the company, those expenses being first taxed and allowed
by the officer administering the government of the island.
25. The commissioners will make a report in writing to the governor or lieutenant-governor of the result
of their survey and valuation, and a report of the majority of their number must be taken as the report of the
whole body. In that report, they will state with all possible precision, the exact limits of the grant to be
made to the company, especially distinguishing all the natural boundaries ; and they will also state the
average value per acre of that part of the land which is capable of being employed in pasturage or tillage.
2fi. So soon as the limits of the intended grant shall he thus ascertained, tlie officer administering tiic go-
vernment of the island will be authorized to issue a grant of it to the company, to be held by them and their
successors in free and common soccage. In this grant a quit rent will be charged upon the land, amounting
to 30,?. per annum, upon every hundred pounds of the ascertained value of the land to be comprised in the
grant. The quit rent will not become payable until the expiration of five years from the date of the grant.
Upon giving six months notice in writing to the local government, the comjiany will be at liberty to redeem
the quit rent, or any part of it, by paying into the colonial treasury a sum equal to twenty times the amount
of the rent jjroposed to be extinguished. If the local government should he able and willing to supply the
company with a number of convict labourers, not exceeding the number of free labourers employed by tliem
in their grant, the company will accept such convicts and employ and maintain them at their own expense.
If within fifteen years from the date of the grant, it shall be made to appear that the company have saved to
His Majesty's government, by the maintenance of convicts, the sum of 25,000/. sterling, then all the lands
contained in such grant will be for ever exonerated from all future quit rents. It will be estimated that His
Majesty's government has saved 16/. sterling by each convict wholly kept and maintained by the company
for one year.
KHtablUhmcDti
(circular HeaU
Establishments,
APPKNDIX v.— AtlSTRAI.ASIA.
2;u
27. In order til carry inti) full tffcct th«' j ri'(T«liiij( coiiditiuns, nnd to invest the ('(im|inriy witli nil tin;
|i(iw(r» wliiili Miny lie neee?<!<i>ry for the acccirrt|)|hliiiieht of tlieir undertakiiiK. I will ree'iniiiieiid tlie neciit^nry
iiientiireK for ohtnininK a charter of hicoriuuHtiun iiiiiler the ^reiit hcuI of tlie United KliiKdoin, nnd for Intro.
diieing into parliament a hill for ^rtntln); to the company such ticccRsary power* aa it would not he compe-
tent to nil* Miyesty, in the exercise of his |irrrogative to confer
Kdwiird Onrr, Ev\. I am, Sir, your obedient humble servant,
4H, l.othhury. (lixned) HATIIUHST.
Van Dienien's Land Company was estahJished by Act f> Oeo. IV., chop. M'J, and incorporated by royal
charter, I H2,'). The ciipitiil is one ndllion stcrlini;, divided into lO.OOO shares of too/, each. The ainourit
paid on each share is C
The );etu'ral nmniiKi'mcnt of the nft'<iirs of the company, in London, is vested in a governor, deputy-gover-
nor, IH directors, three auditors, and the rlcik to the company.
'I'he superintendence in the cohiiiy dt siil> c^ upon tlie chief agent, and the ol)jccts arc tiinilar tu the Aus-
tralian (.'onipnny.
The company's grants consist of ISO.W acres on the north-west coast, including three islands otfthe cu&st,
in clinmte und soil nsemhlir.g tlie west ti fjiyland, i\s liiid down in the ni:ip.
170,(100 acres of the interior of the island, in climate and soil resernhliug the northern counties of Gng-
lanil, and the soutliern counties of Scotland.
The present determination of the directors is to pursue tillage with the view to artiflclal smi^rs chietly at
Circular Head, to entourage the increase of the viluahle iinporti'd llo('ks of sheep at Woolimrth, to discon-
tinue for the present the attempt to keep sheep at the lliimpshire and Surrey Hills, and to convirt that dis-
trict into a cattle estate. The stock, 8tc. belonging to the company is as follows : —
Number o( IiiUahitants and Live Htoek* on the \'an IMeinrii's Land Conipiiny'H Kal thllttlnncnt't tii Van DIvmen'i
I.Hiid to I ebriiury Ih.m,
M
en.
Women.
Children
•e
U
KstabllKhments.
1
.5
1
i
i
Ci.
i
Circular Head
•21
8.1
IS
a
IS
*
I.t8
'2»-2
Kinn Hay, the "1
llanii'shire 1
and 1
Surrey Hills. J
S)
13
••
•■
'2*
1120
Wimlnorth and i
tape (J rim. /
B
n
'2
■•
8
4
Hfl:
•JH
83
u
'2
•2\i
4
IbO
I486'
Total ..
1
n
1
'
2,
r
•bffp.
E
ll
809
347
810
I
1
804
804
Uciicrlptlnn.
1
110
8
ItH
U
••
II
139
I
30
l"l8
154
3
3
44
IS6
•20Q
3B7
i
H
l!l(i
.V(
W2
-m
74U
134
13&
2(KI
1/88
6/-3
3461
3473
§
«
893
01
341
S07
1103
38
iia
143
00 1
310
1371
9S16
§
■£
fl3.'i
2793
3438
20
11.1
173
1139
1427
^
C Merino ..
J t'hevliit «(e. ..
1 Lclc. »rcr . . . .
L Improved ftc.
Total .
(•Cheviot .. ..
J l.eti;ester and
] Crubs-bicU
L Merino .. ..
Total . .
r.Merino ft Sa.xon
1 Cotswold. . . .
] Leicester. . . .
.Improved ftc.
Total ..
8l23t
420t
3933 s
047s
* Inhabitants; men, I'JIi women, 16 i chlMren, 27 ; total, Ifi4. Horses, 18fi| deer,!!; total, ly;. Cattle: wnrkinfc
oxen, 71 ; steers,!)"; bulls, 2() , cows.OlH; heifer^, 'JJih calves, 447; titul, 1,488. Slicep . Merino, 3,428; i:<)tswi)ld anil
Cheviot, 1,427; Leicester and eross bred riBi Improved fiC, 804. total, 0,475. Swiue; boars, 4 ; sows, 11 \ pig», 71 )
total, 8t). t (Date ol lletnrn) 2t(th February, 1838. j 3l8t January, 1838. S 28th February, 1838.
.., , • -. ■■\,
RETURNS OF PRODUCE,
RETURNS OF LAND,
.- .,
Wheat.
s
1
Establish meuts
i
s
eef.
[utton.
(A
h
S "^
i
i
1
Si
<0
1
1
a
1
1
Total
1
t
OS
--*
a
r;
£
u;
■*
es
n i^
acrs
W
acrs
acrs
at
kcrs
acrb
acrs
am
acrs
acrs
bsh.
bsh.
bsh.
Tns.
Tons.
lbs.
lbs. 'lbs.
acres.
circular Head . .
3UI
1790
04
78
2534 438
..
304i
39
7
u
38
:n
4
14
409*
Emu Bay, the '
Hampshire and \
, ,
8
..
374
7711 ..
00
149
M
3
..
. .
S3
.,
291*
Surrey Hills.
Rye Grass
1
\\oulnorth and '
Cape Grim.
304
1790
280
Seed.
30
••
•• 1 907
••
07
5
3
19
14
~6
15
S3
IS
••
107t
Total ..
258
04
30
iisj
329 J 1345
00
520i
isri 4
14
867
* (Date of Return) 2Sth February, 1
B.38. t 3l8t January, 13-8
p" 0*
» 5
: 28tlk Fcbruar; , 1838.
!'!
2.12
Al IM'.NDIX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
F.— (iOVKIlNMl'NT. WRSTKItN AUSrilAI.IA.
Orilor in fonnril. At tlio Court nt St. JiiniCH'ti, tlic 1st of NovcmliiT, Ik;iii ; presont, the Klnp's Most Kxcollptit Mii
joslv's Ciiiincil.- Hlii'ii'iis !)>■ n cirtiin iii-t (it pnrliiiiniMit pas'-cil in tlu- tcntli vrnr (il tlu' roicn olliis lute Miijcsty Kini;
(iciTRC tl\i- Iduitti, clinp. 'iJ. intituled "An net to provide until tlir :11st day of ncccnilior, ls:ti, for tin- tjovi'rnniciit (,f
Ills Majesty's sittleinitits in Wrstrrri Anslrnlin. on tlic western rnusl of New II ollnnil," it is en.\eted, " tlint it sliall mid
may lie Iniwlnl for his Majesty, his lieirs and sureessors, by any order or orders to he liy hini or Itieni made with thi^
advice of his ortluir privy eonneil, to make, iirdain ami jsiilijeet to sneh eon.. itions and restrictions as to him or tlicm
shall seem meet , to anihori/.e and emi'ower any three oi more (lersons residcid and hciii); within the said settlements,
to malie, ordain, n'i ! estuhlisli all such laws, institnticnis and oidlnances, audio r(nistdnte sncli conrts and ollicers as
may be necessary lor tlie peace, order and (jood novernnu'nt of his Majesty's snlijects and others wilhin the said settle,
nieids : provided that all sneli orders in conncil, an(l all laws ami ordinances so to he made as afoiesaid, shall he laid
lielore hoth hinises (d |iarliament as soon as eonvenieidh may he after the inakini? ami <'nactmeid thereof respectively ;"
liis Maiesly chdli therelore, with the a(hice of bis pi ivy eonneil, and in pursuance and exeicise of the anibority in hiiu
vested by the said act. order, and it is herel-y ordered, that the governor for the time heimr of the said settlements of
Western Australia, or the olllccr administei ins tlie government thereof, the senior (dliccr of his Majesty's land forces
next in command, the colonialseeretary of the said territory lor the time heiiiK, tlie surveyor seneial thereof for the
time lieint:, iiinl tlie advocate. general thirccMor the time lieiiiK. so lonti: as tliey shall res|iecti\ely he resilient in the
said settlements, or any three of them, of whom the netiiip: governor to be one, shall have antbo'iity and power to
nuike, oidain and establish all siicb laws and ordinances, rikI to constitnle sneb courts and otticers as may be necessary
for the peace, older and ;;ood (jovernmcnt ot liis Majesty's subjects and others witbintlie said settlements ; which power
and authority shall nevertbi less he so exercised, snhjeet to the followint; condilions and restrictions, that Is to
say. that all siudi laws and ordinances as aforesaid, shall by the said f;overnor or ofticer administering the govern,
ment, be with all eonvenieot expedition transir.ittcd to his Majesty tor his approhatioii or disallowance, tbronuh one of
his principal secretaries ot slate; and that the siuiie or any part thereof shall not be in force within the said settlement
niter his Majesty's disallowance thereof, or any of them, or of any sneh part tbcreof, or id any of tlicin as aforesaid,
slmll be n.a.ie known therein; and tiirtlu-r, that no sneh law or ordinance shall be made unless the same shall have first
lieeii iiroposed by the said (rovctnor or otliccr administerinj; the u'overnnieiit ; and fiirlher, that in niakintr all sneh
laws anil ordinances, the said several persons sball and do conform to all sneh instructions as liis Majesty sliall from
time to time be pleased to is.-ne for that imrpose ; and further, that no court ol justice he constituted by the several
per-ons nforcs.iid williin the said settlements, except by a law or ordinance to lie by tbeni for that iinrpose ni;iilc,
under and subject to the conditions and restrictions aloresaid. And the lliiiht llononrable Viscount (Juderich, oiiu
of liiti Majesty's principal setietarics ol state, is to Rive the necessary directions herein uocoriiingly.
0.— ClIAKTEH. SOrniEllN AUSTRALIA.
4 X.-.'i Will. IV. elinp, !).1.
An Act to empower his Majesty to erect South Anstialia into a llritish Province or Provinces, and to provide for tl e
Ci'loni/iifion and (iovernment thcreid.- -l-'ith Auicnst. IKili.
WiiKiiKAi that part of Anstialia wliieli lies bet veen the ineiidiiins of tin oiu> bnndrcil and thirty-second and oiu'
Immlred and fi rt\ -lirst (bTrces id cast liiiiKitiidc, ai.d between tiie Suntliern Ocean and twenty si.x dc(;iees of south i.ili-
tiide, tonetlicr Willi the islands ;uljaeent tlieii'lo, consists (d was'e and nnoeenpied hinds wliieli are supposed to he hi
for Ihe iinr|io-cs ol cidoni/ntion : and whereas divers ol bis Majesty's subjects possessint,' iiinoii(j them coiisiderabc iini.
pel ty are desirous to embark lor the said part of .Australia, and wlureiis it i* hitrlily expedient that bis Mnjest>'s siiiil
subjects should he emdilcii to carry their said laudable purpose into ciTect : and whereas the said persons are desirous
tliat in the said intended colony iiii nniiorm system in the mode of disposin;; of waste lands shonUI be perminiently
e-tublislicd : he it Ibeieloie enaclcd by the Kiiiy:'s most I'xcelk nt Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of tiie
lords spiiitnal and teniiKiral. and comnioiis, in lliis present iiarltiimcnt asseiiihled, and by the aiitlionty of tlicsaiiie,
that it sball and may be lawful for bis M ijesty, with the ail\ ice ot his jnivy coiineil, to erect within that part ol Aus-
tralia which lies between the meridians ot the one hundred and tliirty-second and oik' hundred and lorty-tirst ile^rees cf
east lonuiliide, and between the Soiitliern Ocean and the twenty. six de(;recs of south hditude, tonetlur Willi all and
every the i..laiids inijacent then to, ami the bays ami (gull's thereof, with the advice of his privy eonneil, to esllll)li^h one
or mote provinces and to ti\ the respective bonmhiries of such iiiovinecs ; and that all and every person who sluill at
an> time lierealter inbabit or reside within his Majesty's said province or provinces slmll be tree, and shall not lie -ulijeet
to or boniul by any laws, orders, statutes, or constitutions which have hceii lierelolore made, or which hereiilter sli;ill
be made, ordered, or cii;ieted by, for, or as tlie laws, orders, stauitcs, or constitutions of .my other part of Australia,
lint shall he suh.ieel to anil bound to obey such laws, orders, stiiti.tcs, and constitutions as shall from time to time, in
the manner hereinafter directed, be niiide, ordered, and enacted for the novcrnment ol his Majesty's province or iirii-
vinees of Sontli Australia.
'.!. .And be it liiitlier enacted, tlial it slmll and may be lawful for bis Majesty, his lieirs and successors, by any oiilcr
or oricrs to be by him ov tluiii made with the julvicc ol his or tlicii [irivy council, to make, ordain, and, subject to such
conditions and restrictions as to liim and tin ni slmll seem meet, to aiithori/e and empower any one or more pcrsnns
resident and hein^: witliin any one of the said provinces, to make, ordain, and establish all such laws, inslitiitioiis, nr
ordinances, and to eonstilnte such courts, and a|ipoinl such otliccrs, and also such chaplains and eleiKymeu ol the i-t:i-
lilisln d church of Kii>;land ami IScotland, and to impose and levy sneh rates, duties, and taxes, as m;iy he necessary for the
iieace, orilci, and cood !_'ovcrnment ot his Majesty's subjects and others within the said province or provinces ; provided
that all sneh orders, and all laws and ordinances so to be made as aforesaid, shall be laid before the kinp; in eonneil iis
hooii as eonvenicntly may he alter tlie makiii); ami enaclin^f tliereof respectively, and that the same shall not in anywise
beconliary or re|iu)riiant toaiiy of the provisions of this act.
:t. And licit liirtbei eimcted, that it shall be lnwliil fi r his Majesty, liis heirs, ami successors, by warrant under tlie
the sitcn luannal, to be counlersijjned by bis Majesty's priociiml secretary id>tatetorthecoloiiies, toappoint thrceor iniiie
fit persons to he eonimissioiiers to carry eertiiiii paits of this act, and the powers and luUhorities bereinatter eoiilaiiied,
into execution, and also ir. in time to lime at pleasure to removi any of the conimisioncrs for the time beinp:, and ii|ieii
every or any vacancy in the said unmlier of commissioners, either hy removal or by death or otherwise, to aiipoint some
other fit persiins to the said oHi':e ; and until such appointment, it shall be lawtiil for the surviving or coiitiiiuni(j ceiu.
niissioiiers or commissioner to act as if mi sneb vaeniicy had occuircd.
4. And be it Inrlhcr enacted, that the said eommisbioner.s slmll be stylcil "The Colonization Coniniissioiiers Inr
Seuth Australia;" and the said commissioners or any two ol them inaj sit from time to lime, us tliuy deem exiiedioiii,
as a board of eommissioners for enrrj ini; certain parts of this act into exceution.
.t. And be it lurther enacted, that the said comniissioners shall cause to be made a seal ofthc said bnard, and ?li;dl
cause to be sealed or stamped therewith all rules, orders, and riKidatioiis inade by the said oommissioners in pmsiiaini'
of this act ; and all sneb rules, orders, and rcKiilations, or copies ihereiif, pur,iortin(j In be sealed or stamped «illi II, j
seal of the said board, shall be received use ' 'eiice of tlie same respectively without any further proof thereof; and tin
such rule, older, or reniilatioii, or copy theieul, shall be valid, or have any force or eB'ect, unless the same slmll be so
sealed or stamped asaliuxvaid.
6. And be it furtlier enacted, that the said commissioners shall and they are hereby empowered to declare all llic
lands of the said province or provinces (excepting only poi lions which may be reserved lor roads and footpaths to lu'
public lands, open to purchase by liritish subjects, and to make such orders and rc);iilatiims for the snrveyin;; and sule
ot sneh public lands at such price as the said eommissioners may Irom time to time deem expedient, ami tor the lellin;;
of the eommou of pasturage of unsold portions thereof as to the said eommissioners iiiaj seem meet, for any iieriml iihI
exceeding three years ; and from time to to time alter and levuke such orders and re<>iilatiniis, and to employ the iiioiiiis
xccUonl Mu-
.lajcsty km;;
>vornnuMit (tf
t It slinll nml
luiU' Willi tlic
liiin or tlu'in
si'tflrnuiits.
id (ifficcrs us
w ^nid sotlk".
slia'.l 111" lull!
I'siicctivi'ly ;"
biirity in liini
it'ttU'ini'iits <if
's land forci's
licniil lor tlic
nt-itlint Ml till'
Hllll iiowir to
/ 111* nrrossury
; wliirli (lowi'r
lis, tlint Is til
ii; till' Kiivi'ni-
ilinniKli oiic 111'
illill Sl'ltlClllOIlt
II lis iiforosniil ,
linll Imvo first
.ikiiiK nil siii-li
sty shall friini
by the sevnnl
linrposo niiiilr,
(iuderidi, onu
provide for 11 o
ii'c'ond and 0110
'OS of sontli hili-
ipposi'd to 111' fit
•iiiisidi'nilio ;irii.
is Mnji'sl\'s siiiil
nns are ili'siriuis
lie prniiani'iifly
COllSl'Ilt lit till'
iity ol till' siiiiii',
|liiit part 111 Aiis-
- first di'uri'i's i;f
. r with all anil
estahli-li iiiiu
on who ^hall id
not Ik' ^iilijii't
lieriiilti r sliiill
111 Aiisiriiliii,
inie to timi', in
irovineo or iirii-
s, by any orilcr
snl\ji.i't to siii'li
or more porsniis
iiistitidiniis, :ir
nu'ii of till' r~t;i-
■I'l'ssary fur ilii'
iiioes; provi;li'il
in riiiitu'il uj
not in anywise
II
rrant niuler tlio
I Ihrei'ir niiiii'
liter eoiilaiin'ii,
beintr, anil ii|ioii
to aopniiit sonii'
tintiiiiiiiii; I'uiii-
nniniissioners fnr
deem exiieilient,
board, and :-li;vII
RTs in pinsiiiiiiri'
■itampi'd with II..'
thereof ; ami no
'. same shall lie ^o
to declare all flu'
I'ootpalli'- til 111'
rveyiiij; aiiils^ili'
nd lor the leftinu
or any perioil in't
nipliiy the nn'iiiis
AI'PKNDIX v.— AUSTHAI.-ASIA.
KV.i
from lime to time rieiii i d as the |l^^eba^e money of sueh lands, or as rent of the eiiininoii of iwstiiiari of tiniohl lUMlions
tlieieol, ill eoniliii'liin,' the eini'41'aliiiii of piiiir persons from (ireit llnliuii iir lirliiiil to thr said pnniiieeoi ptuvini i"< :
provided always, that no part of the said pnlilie lands shall he sold e\ei'|it in piililie lor reiidy inoni'y, and eitlu r hy aiie.
tioii or otherwise as may seem best to Ihr said eommissioners, hut in no ca^e ami at no lime for a lowir priee fliiiii the
sum of twelve sliilliii(;s sterliiii; per KuKlish aere : piovideil also, that the sum per Here wliieh the said eolllnli•-^^ionl■rs
limy deelare dmiiii,' any period to he the npsi'f or selling; priee at whieli sueh lands shall he sold slnill he an nnilorm
priee ; ifliat is to say,; the same luiee per aere whalever the (|naiility or siliiation of the land put np lor sale : provided
also, that the whole of tlio funds from time to lime received as the purchase money ol Hie said lands, or as the rent of the
common of past iira^'col unsoln portions tliereol, shall coiistilule an " KmiKiatioii I'nnd," and shall, willioiilany deiliiefioii
whatsoever, cxcepl in llu' case licrciimflcr proviilcd lor, he emphiyed in ioinc> iii; iioor eicuraiits Imni dreat llriliiui
or Ireland to llie said province or provinces ; provided iil-o, that the poor |iersoiis wlio shall by means ol the said " Ki
t;ratioii l''nml" he coiiveu'd to the said proviii
ir provinces, shiill, as far as po-silile, he adult peisoiis of the two sexes
in niiial proporlions, and not exeeediii); the ai,'e of thirty jears.
7. And he il f iither en ictcd, Uial no p lor person havin({ a hiishand or wile las the case miiy be), or a child or eliil-
drcn, shall, hv means id flic said " Kiui);ratiiiu I'lind," obtain a passage to the said province or provinces, unless the
husband or wile (as the ease may bo), ortheeliild or ehililren iit such poor person, bliall also be conveyed to the said
province or provinces.
S. And be it Inrfher enaeled, that it shall be lawful for his Majesty, his heirs and itiiccessors, by warrant, under
the
smii mam
nil b
coiinlcrsirncd by his Majesty's principal secretary of state for the colonies, to nppoinl
commissioner of piihlii' lands to be resident in the said eiiloiiy, and to act under the orders ol the said hoard ol commis-
bioiicrs as hereinaller direefed.
<). Am! he II lurllier en icled, that the said commissioners shall and they are hereby empowc'cd to appoint sneli per-
son or peisoiis as they may tliiul< lit treasurer, assislaiitsm vcyors, and other nnieeis, lor cairyini; this ail into execii
tion respectim; the ilisnosal ol the said imlilie lands and the piwchasc moiie/ llu'rcol, and to remove such treasmer or
assistant siirii'yor or otlu'rolUci'rs at their diserelion, and on evi'ry or any vaeaney in the said ollicc of treasmer, as-
sistant surviyoi, or other ollicer, by removal or by ilcath or otherwise, to appoint, if tiny see lit, some other person to
the sa'd 1 Itiec.
II). And be it fni'ther eiiacleil, that it shall ami may he biwliil lor the said eninmissioiiers to delegate to the said
colonial commissioners, assistant-siu vcyor, or other ofiicer, or lo any of them, such ol the powers and aiithorilies wild
respect to the disposal of thi' pulilie lands of flic said province or proxinces as liie siiiil I'tiiiiinissiouers yliall think III ;
and Ihc powers and aiitiiorities so ilelcirated, ami the ilele>;alioii liicrcol, shall he notillcd in such manner, and sueh
poWirs and authorities shall be exi'ri'ised at such placi's, lor such peiiods, and under such cireiinistaiiei's, and snhjeet
to such reirnlalions, as the said eommissioncrs shall ilirecl ; and the said eominissioners may at any time tcvoke, rrc.ill,
alter, or vary all or any ol the powers and anilioiities which shall he so delc.;aled as alorcs;iid.
II. And I
11- it liirthei
I'led, tiiat all the monies under the contronl ol Ihe said l;o;iid id' commissioners shall I
le
received and paid hy the treasurers who may lie appointed hy Ihesaid lioaiil, and who shall jiiie seciirily lor llie lailhlnl
tliscliari^e ol their ilulies to such ainonnt and insncli manner astothesaidi
iner.s nia\ seem lit.
I'.'. And be it Inrtber enacted, that all aeciiiints ol the said treasurer sbail he .siihniillcd to Iho lords of his Majesty's
treasury, and he aiiihled in the same urinner as other pnlilie acconnls.
1:1. And licit liiilhcr enaeled, thai the said commissioners may and they are hereby emiiowered from time to time
to appoint a secrclarv, tn
and all such elciks, nicsscii|.'<'rs
ill ohieers as lliey shall think lit, and from time to
time, at the discretion of the said commissioiieis, to reicive sueh .seen tar; , vreasiuer, clerks, messengers, and oliicers,
or any ol them, and to appoint ollicrs 111 their sleail.
ry commissioner and eolouial commissioner to be appointed from time to time
11. And be it Inrther enaeteil, llial 1
shall, before he shall enter upon the execntion of his olliee, take the lollowi
jesty*s court of common pli'as, or one of llie liarons ol the court of I'xeheiiiii'r or in the ease of sueh colonial eoinmis.
oath belon
■e ol the jiidtrcs 01 his i\ln-
Bioners) belon the jinl|;e ol one of his
~ty's courts in the said provinee or provinces ■, (that is ti
I, .1. />'. il;> su'cai, thai I slnill faiihfall), inipailially, iind Imiicsily, acinrdiii'^ I 1 llie licsl id iiiy skill aMd jiid'^nii'iil,
execiile and I'lillil all llie pnucis anil dinlcsiif a oiininissiiiner L'O cnliimal cmumis-ioner, Us ilic c.isc ina> lii',| imder an
act passed in Hie lll'lli ytar of tin rcii/ii nf Kiii'.: \\ ill lam I he I'' nnlh, ii.tilided [ heie sel I'm Hi I he III Ic of I his acl.l'
13. rrnvided aluaysaiiil he II fiiillici eiiarleil. Hat flic sal.ii ics lo lie paid to all siiili piisniis as may he appniiiteil In
illiy nlUcc under Ihls act, shall he li\rd h,\ llie I. mils iil' Ills M:ip's»y's Tieasiii), and hy lliein shall be icMseil fiiiin time lo
time as Iliey may diem expidienl.
111. And lit it fmlhei cnailed, llial the said cmnmlssiiiiie'.s slnill, at least iiiiee in every year, and at siuli mlicr limes
and ill siieli birni as Ills ,M,ijesiy°s I'lini ipa', .Siiielai) of Sia:e I'm Hie rolnnies shall dueel, snhniil to Ihesaid .Sicrelaiy nf
'iliii'is; and evciy such ri'piiii sh.ill he hiid lieiiiie liulli llmises of I'arliaiin'iit
raili.nnciil
Mlale a lull and parliciihir rcpuri (iriheii
williiii six weeks afier Hic reicipl nf Hie same hy llie s.iid Scireiaiy m Slalc, if I'arliainenl be llieii siliiiii,
be mil silliii", llieii ivilliiii six weeks al'ler Ihe ncM inccliiiK Hoik
17. And he il I'liilliii enacleil, iliai il A\M and may lie huvliil fur Ihe said eiminissiniiers, |iievlmisly and iiiPil llie sale
I' public lands in the said pi mi nee slnill have priidiiced a fimil snllieieiil li> deli ay Hie cost of emueum; lo Hie
'aid pi
iir piovinees, I'rmii time lo lime, such a iiiiinher id pnnr eini;;iams as iiiav hy Ihe said eimiiuissiniieis be lliiiiiilit desiiiilile,
fimu lime In time lo liiinoit and take np "h bund m olheriii-c, payable hi inslalineius ei nlherwise, at inlcrcsl mil exd'ediii:!
Ill/, per Ti'iit. per uiiiiimi, any sum or sums of imniey lid ixceeilini! .'ill, mill/, for Hie sole piiipose of ilei'iiiviii'.' the cusfs m
Hie passage of pnnr emi'^iaiils Irimi (iieal lliilalii m Inlaiid In the said |iiii\ince or prnvinces, hy ::iaiiiiiu and Issninu', m
any peisou m pcrsniis .villiii); lo advance such iniiiiics, limids m iilili<;almy wiillmis under Ihe hands and se.ils of the said
ciiinml'sliiners m nf any Iwo of Hieiu, nhii h liniids or nHier idili'.;at'iiy wriliiius slnill |,e teiincd " .Smiili Anslralia I'lililii
Lands Sii iirilies
and all siieli sum <
slims id' money, md e\iei din^ in the whole .'io,iillll/. sn hnrroned or lakeii np li>
iiieans of Hie lunids m wrilin^s iilill|,'alory
t-lill. I'e
III!
lie
|iiiipi
uforesanl, sli.iil he hmrov\i'il mi Hie ciedil of and
lie deeintd a einirue iipmi Hie aiiole of Hie fund in he iceeived as Ihe piiielnise nmney nf pnhlic lands, or as Hie rem of Hie
ciiiiiimin ol pasturage
iinsnhl piirlimis Iheienf; and il shall and imiy he lavM'nl fm Hii' said emninlssinncis I'iniii lime In
iniie III apprtipriate all m any paii of ihe uimiies uliirli may he nhbtiin d by Hie sale of public lands in the said pn
piiiviiiees In Hie paymenl of interest on any such sum or siiiiis liminiveil and taken up us
siieli iniiicipal siiiii m siiii
mil, or lo Hie repayineiil nf
IH. And be il inrllier enaeled, thai for del'ruyiii!; the neces-ury cii«ls, elniraes and expenses of I'miinlln!; Hie said inleiuled
enlmiy, and of pinvidin;; Im Hie iinveiiiimnl Iheienf, and fm Hie e\|i(
II
le said ciiminissiiiiicis (I'xei'pllii',
alv
Hie
piirpiise wlieiennlii the said ciniaialiui fund is made sidel.\ applicahlc hy mis acl,) and for dili.niiiii all cnsls, ciniiues anil
expenses liieiii led ill eaiiyimz this ail iiim exeeiiliim, and applsiie^ fm and olilalniii'i Hiis acl, 11 shall and may he luivtiil
hir Ihesaid e 'iiimlssimieis from lime li> lime in liniioa and lake np on liniid or otlniwise. pa>alile by iiislaliMcnis or iillier-
Hisi, al inleresi mil exei'ediii',z in/ pii eenl. pel alimiiii, un\ sum m siinis nf mniie) iei|iiiieil f .r ilie piiiposes las| abiiesaid,
mil exceeiliim in the whole Ihe sum of '.:imi,imiii/. Ii\ <:iaiiliii'; or Issiiiiiu In aii\ |ieis 11 m peismis willimi In aihaiice such
iiiiiiiies, biiinls or nhllualory wiiliin:s under Hie Ininils and seals of Ihe said eoinmis^inni'is 01 any iw > of Iheni, »liich liniids
111(111 les or idili(raloiy wiiliinis shall he leimeil " Sniilli Anslralia I olmiiiil Keveiiue .Seenntie
and all sueh siiiii •
iiiiiiiey hy Hie said eiiiiimissimiers so horinwed and lakiii up as lasl aloresaid. shall he and is and aie hereby declaied lo he
a eliar!:e iipnii ilie iiiillii,iry levinnenr nrudiie
e ol all !ate^
lllllie
iiinl liixcs lo he IcmciI and eidleel
as lii'ieiiilieliiie
illici'leil Willi III the said prn\ ince or pioviiiei s, and shall he deeimd ;iiid biken lo he a piiliiie ilelil mviin: hy Ihe said iiiiiMiiee
lllllie Imlders of Hie liiilid or limids or nllier wrililigs <ililis;aloiy by Ihe said eoiiimissiniieis ^i anted I'm the piirpuses lasl
ufdesuid.
lit. Ami he il fiirllier en.ieted, that il shall and iiiuy be lawful lor Hie said cnmmissimiers at any lime lo borrow or take
ii|i any sum or sums nf money fm aii> m the pnipnses of this ael al a Imver lale of inteicsi than any seeiiriiy ol seemilles
|iie\iiiii>ly ^iven hy them miilei and hy virliie nf this act n hii h may then he in Iniie shall hear, and iherewiHi In pay oil' and
iliM'liar'.;e an) exislini; seeiirily nr seemilies lieanim a higher laie ol inleiesi as abncsaid.
•iti. And be il fiiilliei eiiuctcd, that in ease il should so happen that Hie said cuililiiitisiouei's sliull be unable tu raise by
1
I
234
ArPKXniX v.— AUSTRAL-ASIA.
the issue of the niiid cnlmiiiil revenue xeciiillies the whi)le of the saiil sum of 200,0(10^ or that the ordinary reveinie m the
said pidviiite or |iroviiiti-.t •■hall lie jiisiiilleieiit to dlschariie the ubliijatioiis of all or any of the said seem ilii'i, then and in
that case, hnt not otherwise, tlie pnlilie lands of the kaid province or provinces then reiniiiiiinK nnsold, and the monies to he
<d)laiiied hy the sale thereol', shall he deemed a collateral security for payment of the principal and iiitetesi of the said
colonial debt: provided alivays, that no monies obtained hy the sale of pnblic lands in the said province or (irovinces shall
he employed in defraying the principal or interest of the said colonial debt so long as any ohlination created by the said
South Anstraliaii I'nblic Lands Secnrities shall remain nndischariied : provided also, tliat in case, after the dis^liame of all
obliLMtions created hy the said South AnMrallan I'lililic I/and Secnrities, any parlof the monies obtained hy the sale of oidilie
lands in the said province or provinces shall be employed to dischamc any of the obliKations created hy the said colonial
revenue secnrities, then and in that case the amoniit of sncli deduction from the said eminralio!! fund shall be deeinid a
colonial debt owin;; by the said province or [iroviiiees to the Culonizatioii Comiiiissioners for Sonth Australia, and be char<(e<l
upon the ordinary revenue of the said (irovince or provinces.
21. And be it further enacted, that the eommissi"ner8 nominated and appointed hy His Majesty as aforesaid, may sue
and be sued in the name or names of any one of such commissioners, or of their secretary, cleik or clerks for the time
bcin<!; and tliat no action or suit to lu^ brou;{lit or commenced by or auainst any of the said commissioners in the name or
names ofaiiysuch one of such eommi-sioners, or their secretary or clerk, shall abate or be discontinued by tlie death or removal
of such coiniiiissioner, secretary or clerk, or any of tlieni, oi hy the act of such commisssioner, secretaiy or cleik, or anv of
them, without the consent of the said c<immlssi<mers, but that any one of the said commissioners, or the secretary or clerk
for the time heiim to the said commissioners, shall always he deemed to he the plaiutitfor defendant (as the case may be)
in every such aeiioii or suit : piovided always, that naliin'^ herein contained shall lie deemed, construed or taken to extend
to make the commissioners who shall simi, eseente, or L'lve any of the bonds or ohli','atory writings so hereby authorized or
directed to be aiveii personally, or their respective estates, lands, or tenements, (roods and chattels, or such secretary or
clerk, or their or eitlier of their lands and tenements, izoods and chattels, liable In the iiayment of any of the monies so
borrowed and secured hy reason of their iriving any such bonds or securities as aforesaid, or of their beini; plaintilf or
defendant in any such action as aforesaid ; but that the costs, charijes and expenses of every such commissioner, secretary
or clerk, by reason of haviiis.' been made plainfill'or defendant, or for any contract, act, matter, or thinij whatsoever, made or
entered into in the Imnii fide esecntion of this act, from time to time to he defrayed by the said commissioners out of the
money so borrowed anil liiken up as aforesaid.
•i2. And he it furtlier enacted, that no person or persons convicted in any court of justice in tireat liritain or Irclanil or
elsewhere, shall at any time or under any circumstances he traiispoited as a convict to any place within the limits herein-
before desciihed.
2.1. And be it further enacted, that it shall and may he lawful for liis His Majesty, by and with the advice of his Privy
Council, to frame, constitute, and establish a constitution or constitnlions of local <;iiverniiient for any of the said provinces
possessiiii; a population <if .50,000 souls, in such manner and with such provisoes, limitations ami restrictions, as shall to Mis
Majesty, by and with the advice of his Privy Council, be deemed meet and desirable: provided always, that the mode here-
iiibefore directed of disposini; of the public lands of the said (irovince or provinces hy sale only, and of the fund obiaineil hy
the sale thereof, shall not be liable to be in anywise altered or changed otherwise than by the auth'^rity of His Majesty and
the consent of parliament : provided al«i, that in the said constitution <if local government for the said province or provinces,
provision shall he made for the satisfaction of the obligations of any of the said colonial revenue secnrities which may lie
nnsatislied at the time of framina such constitution of the said province or provinces.
24. And he it furtlier enacted, that for the purpose of providiiii; a auaranlee or security that no part of the expense of
fonndina and aovernina the said intended colony shall fall on the mother country, the said oniinissioners shall and are
hereby empowered and recpiired, nut of the monies borrowed and taken up as aforesaid on the security of the said Smith
Australian Colonial Kcvenne Securities, to invest the sum of 20,000/. in tlii' purchase of Kxche(|uer bills or other aoverii-
meut securities in Knglaiid, in the names of trustees to be appointed hy His Majesty; and tlie said trustees shall hold ilie
said Esche(|ner bill-, or other government securities, so Ion;; as may seem tit to His Majesty's Principal Seciclaiy
of State for the Colonies; or shall, in case it shall seem tit to His Majesty's Piincipal Secretary of Slate for ihe
Colonies, dispose of the same for any of thi: purposes to which the monies raised by the issue of the said South Aiislia-
tralian Colnnial Revenue Securities are hereby made applicable: provided always, tliat if the said Secretary of Slate shoiilil
dispose of any part of the said 2o,0(i0/. a sum or sums equal to the sum or sums so disposed of shall be invested in i\k
names of the said trustees by the said commissioners, so that the said guarantee or security fund of vo.oonA shall not at any
time be reduced below that amount : piovided always, tl'at the inlerest and dividends accruing fioiii time to time upon ilu'
taid hxclieipier bills or other government securities, shall be paid to the .said commissioners, and by them he devoicd to
the purposes to wliicli, as hereinbefore directed, the monies to be raised by the issue of the aforesaid Sonth Ansttuliuii
Colonial Uevenne llonds are made applicable.
25. And be it further enacted, that if after the expiration of ten years from the passim,' of this act the population of the
said province or provinces shall lie less than 20,000 natural born subjects, then and In that case all the public lands of ilie
said province or provinres which shall tlien he nnsold shall be liable to be disp< sed of by His M:ijesty, bis heirs ami
successors, in such manner as to him or them shall seem meet : provided always, that in case any of the ohiiaations cre:iied
by the said South Australian I'nblic Lands Securities should then he iinsatistled, the amount of such obliaations shall li"
deemed a chara;e upon the said unsold public lands, and shall he paid to the holders of such securities out of any monies
that may be obtained by the sale of the said lands.
20. And be it further enacted, that until the said commissioners shall, by the Kiaiitina and issiiina of bonds and writiiiis
obligatory as aforesaid, that is to say, " South Australian Colonial Revenue Sccuriiies," have raised the sum of 20,1)00/. :u:rt
and have invested the same in the purchase of Excheiiuer bills or other aovernment securities, as hereinbefoie directed, and
until the persons intendintj to settle In the said province or provinces and others shall have invested, (eitlier by paynieut l<i
the said commissioners, or in the names of trustees to be appointed by them,) for the pnichase of public lands in the sajil
province or provinces, the sum of ;!5,i!«0/. none of tlie powers and aiithoiities hereby ai'en to His Majesty, or to the saiil
coniinissioners, or to any person or persons, except as respects the exercise by the said commissioners of siirh pomrs as
are required for laising money by means of and on the seeiiiity of the bonds or securities last aforesaid, and for icceitlne;
and investing the aforesaid sum of 33,000^ fur the purchase of public lands, Uiall be of any eti'ect, or have any opciaiiuu
whatsoever.
235
rrmxp i>i till'
tlii'M ami III
iiniii's to tic
lit' the s»lil
iviiice» sli'.ill
I liy tlif sail)
hamc of all
ale (if iiiililic
saiit coliiiiial
he (lei'iiud a
:l lie cliar|<i'il
aid, may sue
tor the time
the name nr
til or reiiiiival
ik, iir aiiv oi'
;tary or clerk
case may he)
4(11 t(i extend
aiitliori/ed or
secretary or
lie monies so
II! iilaiiititV iir
ner, secretary
ever, made or
lers nut of the
or Ireland or
limits hereiii-
e of Ills I'rivy
said provinces
as shall to His
he mode here-
iid ohtaiiied by
is Majesty and
c or iirovinces,
which may he
the expense of
s shall and are
the said South
other "overn-
shall hold the
cipal Secrclaiy
r State for Hie
I South Aiislni.
of Stale 'hiMilil
invested in tlie
[shall not at any
time iiiioii till'
le ilevoii'd to
nth Anstialidii
Hinlation of tlie
lie lands of the
his heirs and
rations ere-.itid
atiniis shall li"
if any monies
and writing's
of •iO.lKKi;. and
directed, and
ly payment to
ids in the said
to the Slid
licit poutrs as
for rcceivine
any u|ieiallun
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
Extract from Patents of the Second Year of the Reign of King Williatn the I'oiiith,
A.— CHARTER FOR SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE AT THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.
William the Fourth, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith. To all to whom these iiresents shall come greeting ;
Whereas it is expedient to make provision for the belter and more effectual administration of justice in our
colony of the Cape of Good Hope, and in the several territories and settlements dependent thereupon, and
for that purpose to constitute within our said colony and its dependencies one supreme court of justice, to
be holden in the manner and form hereinafter mentioned. Now know ye, that we of our special grace,
certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought fit to grant, direct, order, and appoint, and by these
presents do accordingly for us, our heirs and successors, grant, direct, order, and appoint, that there shall l)e
within our said colony of the Cape of Good Hope a court, which shall be called " The Supreme Court of
the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope" And we do hereby create, erect, and constitute the said supreme
court to be a court of record. And we do further will, ordain, and apjioint, that the said supreme court of
the colony of the Cape of Good Hope shall consist of and be holden iiy and before one chief justice and two
puisne judges, and that the said chief justice shall be called and known by the name and style of " The
Chief Justice of the Colony of the Cape of Good Hope ;" and which said chief justice and |)uisne judges
shall be respectively barristers in England or Ireland, or advocates admitted to practise in our courts of
session of Scotland, or in the said supreme court. And which said chief justice and puisne judges shall from
time to time be nominated and appointed to such their offices by us, our heirs and successors, by letters-
patent under the public seal of the said colony, to be issued in pursuance of any warrants or warraiit, to bo
from time to time for that purpose granted by us, our heirs and successors, under our or their sign manual.
And we do hereby declare, ordain, and grant, that upon the death, resignation, sickness, or incapacity of the
said chief justice or any of the sa'd puisne judges; or in the case of the absence of any of them from the
said colony, or in case of any such suspension from office as hereinafter mentioned, of any such chief justice
or puisne judge, it shall and may be lawful to and for the governor of our said colony for the time being,
by letters-patent, to be by him for that purpose made and issued under the jiulilic seal of the said colony, to
nominate and appoint some fit and jiroper person or persons to act as and in the place and stead of any
such chief judge or puisne judge so dying or resigning, or labouring under such sickness or incapacity as
aforesaid ; or being so absent as aforesaid from the said colony, or being so suspended, until t'le vacancy or
vacancies so created by any such death or resignation, or sickness, or incapacity, or absence, or suspension,
shall be supplied by a new appointment, to be made in manner aforesaid by us, our heirs and successors, or
until the chief justice or puisne judge so becoming sick, or incapable, or being absent, or suspended as afore-
said, shall resume such his office, and enter into the discharge of the duties thereof. And we do further
will, ordain, and grant, that the said chief justice and puisne judges shall hold such their officis during their
good behaviour. Provided nevertheless, that it shall and may be lawful for the governor of our said colony
for the time being, by any order or orders to be by him for that purpose made and issued under the jjublic
seal of the said colony, with the advice of the executive c jnc'd of government of the said colony, or the
major part of them, upon proof of the misconduct of any s.ich chief justice or puisne judge as aforesaid, to
suspend him from such his office and from the discharge of the duties thereof, provided that in every such
case the said governor shall immediately report for our information, through one of our principal secretaries
of state, the grounds and causes of such suspension. And we do hereby reserve to us, our heirs and
successors, full power and authority to confirm or disallow such suspension from office as aforesaid of any
such chief justice or puisne judge. And we do hereby further reserve to us, our heirs and successors, full
power and authority, upon sufficient proof to our or their satisfaction of any such iriisconduct, to remove
and displace any such chief justice or puisne judge from such his office. And we do hereby give and grant
to our said chief justice for the time being rank and precedence above and before all our subjects whomso-
ever within the said colony of the Capo of Good Hope and the territories and places dependent thereupon,
excepting the governor or lieutenant-governor for the time being thereof, and the commander-in-chief of
our forces for the time being within the same, and excepting all such persons as by law or usage in England
take place before our chief justice of our court of King's Hench. And we do hereby give and grant to the
said puisne judges for the time being rank and precedence within our said colony of the Cipe of Good Hope
and the territories and places dependent thereupon, next after our said chief justice of jr said colony for
the time being. And we do hereby declare, that the said puisne judges shall take ra,ik and precedence
between themselves according to the priority of their appointment respectively. And we do further grant,
ordain, and appoint, that the said supreme court of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope shall have and use
as occasion may require, a ;eal bearing a device and impression of our royal arms within an exergue or label
surrounding the same, with this inscription, " The Seal of the Supreme Court of the Cape of Good Hope."
And we do hereby ordain, grant, and appoint, that the said seal shall be delivered to and shall be kept in
the custody of the said chief justice, with full liberty to deliver the same to any puisne jtnige of the said
court for any temporary purpose ; and in case of vacancy of or suspension from the office of chief justice,
the same shall be delivered over to and kept in the custody of such person as shall be appointed by the said
governor of our said colony to act as and in the place and stead of the said chief justice. And we do further
grant, ordain, and declare, that the said chief justice and the said puisne judges, so long as they shall hold
tlieir offices respectively, shall be entitled to have and receive such salaries as shall be granted to them by
us, our heirs and successors, which salaries shall be in lieu of all fees of office, perquisites, emoluments, and
286 APPF.NPIX VI.— AFRICA.
advantages whntsoovcr ; and thai no fVi; of .ilVn-c, pcniuisito, I'lnoliimrnt, or advantaprs other than nnd
excc'i)t the snid salnries shiill bu accepted, received, or taken by any sncli chief juHtiee or puisne ]\n[i'c oii
any account or any pretence wiiatsoever. And we do I'lirfher ordain, appoint, and declare, that mi'siieh
chief justice or puisne ju(l;;e as aforesaid, shall accept, tal<e, or perforin any other otVice, phice of proHt or
emolument within our said colony; and that the acceptance of any such other olliee or pliici' as aforesiiid
shall actually vacate and avoid such his ollice of chief justice or puisne jud^e, as tlu! case may he, and thf
salary thereof shall cease accordingly from the time of the aeeeptance of any such other ollice or phiee. And
we do hereby ordain, appoint, and declare, that there shall be attached and belot)g to the said court the
following otiicers (that is to say), one otliccT to be styled the registrar or i)rothonotary and keeper of reeonis
of the said court, and one other ollieer to be styled the master thereof, togetherwith such and so many other
officers as the chief justice of the said court for the time being shall from time to time appear to he necessary
for the administration of justice, and the due execution of the jiowcrs and authorities which are granted ami
committed to the said court by these our letters-patent. Provided neveitheless, that no new ollice shall be
created in the said court, unless the goverrior of the said colony or lieutenant-governor for the time beiii "
shall first signify his ap|)robation thereof to the said chief justice for the time being in writing under the
hanj of such governor or lieutenant-governor. And we do further ordain and direct, that all persona who
shall and may be appointed to the otlices of registrar or iirothonotary and keeper of records or master of tin-
said court, and that all persons who shall be appointed in the said court to any offices of which the duties shall
cories|)ond to those performed by the master or prothouotary of any o- either of our (.'ourts of record at West-
minster, shall be so appointed by us, our heirs and successors, by warrant under our or their royal sign manual ;
and that all persons who shall and may he appointed to any fitlier office within the said supreme court, shall
be so ap|)ointed by the governor for the time being of the said colony. And we do further direct and appoint,
that the said several officers of the said court other than and exce|-,t the said chief justice and puisne
judges thereof, shall h<dd their respective otlices therein during the pleasure of us our heirs and successors.
And we do hereby authorize and empower the said supreme court of the colony of the Cape of (iooil
Hope to a|)prove, admit, and enrol such persons as shall have been admitted as barristers in Kngland or
Irela'id, or advocates in the court of session of Scotland, or to the degree of doctor of laws at our universi-
ties of Oxford, Cambrid{,e, or Dublin, to act as barristers or advocates in our sujireme court. And we do
fu'-thei- an, I'.irize and empower the said supremo court to admit any persons to ))ractise as barristers and
advocates therein, who previously to the promulgation of these pre-ents vvithin the said colony have been
actually admitted to practise as advocates in the su|)reme court of justice heretofore existing witliin tin:
same. And we do further authorize and empower the said supreme court to approve, admit, and enrol, f.iiy
persons being attornies or solicitors of any of oe.r courts of record at Westminster or Dublin, or being proc-
tors admitted to practise in any ecclesiastical court in England or Ireland, or being writers to the signet in
Scotland, or being now entitled to practise as proctors or notaries in the said supreme court of justii'e
heretofore existing within the said colony, to act as attornies, solicitors, or proctors in the said supreme coiiit
of the colony of the Cape of (?ood Mojic. And we do further authorize our said supreme court to approve,
admit and enrol, as such attornies, solicitors or proctors as aforesaid, such and so many persons as may he
instructed within our said colony in the knowledge and practice of the law, by any barrister, advocate, attor-
ney, solicitor, or proctor, duly admitted to practise in the said court, and which jiersons shall be so approved,
admitted, and enrolled according to and in pursuance of any general rule or rules of courtto be for that pur-
pose made in manner hereinafter directed. And we do ordain and declare, that persons api)roved, admitted,
and enrolled as aforesaid, shall be and they are hereby authorized to appear and |)lead and act for the suitors
of the said supreme court, subject always to be removed by the said s\ipreme court from their station therein
upon reasonable cause. And we do further ordain, that no |)erson or persons whatsoever not so approved,
admitted and enrolled as aforesaid, shall be allowed to ajjpcar, plead, or net in the said sujirenie court for or
on behalf of any suitors in the said court. Provided always, and we do further ordain nnd declare, that the
functions and office of barristers and advocates shall not be discharged in the said court by the attornies,
solicitors, and proctors thereof; and that the functions and office of such attornies, solicitors, nnd proctors,
shall not be discharged by such barristers at law or advocates. Provided nevertheless, and we do furthir
declare our will to be, that in case there shall not be a sufficient number of barristers and advocates within
the said colony competent and willing to act for the suitors of the said court, the said court shall and is
hereby authorized to admit any of the attornies, solicitors, or proctors thereof, to appear anil act as barris-
ters and advocates during the time of such insufficiency only ; and in case there shall not be a sutlieient
number of attornies, solicitors, and proctors within the said colony competent and willing to appear and
act in that capacity for the suitors of the said court, the said supreme court shall and is hereby authorized
to admit any of such barristers or advocates to practise and act in the capacity of attornies, solicitors, and
proctors, during the time of such insufficiency only. And we ordain and declare, that the governor for the
time being of the said colony of the Cape of Good Hope shall, on the first Monday in the month of January
in each year, by warrant under his hand and seal, nominate and appoint some lit and proper person to art as
and be the sheriff for our said colony of the Cape of Good Hope and its dependencies for the year ensuing,
which Sheriff, when appointed, shall, as soon as conveniently may be, and before he shall enter upon liissiiid
office, take an oath faithfully to execute the duties thereof, and the oath of allegiance before the ■• 'd gover-
nor, who is hereby authorized to administer the same. And we do direct, that the said sheriff • '.lall continue
in such his office during the space of one whole year, to be computed from the said first IVIonday in theinonth
of January, and until another shall be appointed and sworn into the said office ; and in case such sheritf shall
die in or resign his said office, or depart from our said colony of the Cape of Good hope during the period of
his office, then another person shall as soon as conveniently may be after the death, resignation, or departure
of such sheriff, be in like manner appftinted and swnni as aforesaid, and slinll continue in his ollice lor ihe
remainder of the year, and until another sheriff shall he duly appointed and sworn into the said otlice. And
we do further order, direct and appoint, that the said sheriff for the time being shall, by himself or his sulli-
ir than ninl
r jiiilgo 1)11
uu no siu'U
of i)rotit or
>s i\t'ovi's:u(l,
Ih', 1111(1 till'
pliu'o. And
id coiirt till'
■r of rpcorcls
many otlicr
be iirccssiiry
'^rnnti'd and
llico shall 111-
tinii' bt'lu;;
iig inidcr llic
persons wlio
unstt'r of tlui
e duties sliall
cord at West-
sign inanuiil ;
e court, sliiill
and npponit,
e and puisne
id successors.
L'ajie of Good
n Kngland or
our universi-
. And we do
larristers and
1)1, y have l)een
ng witliin the
iuid enrol, r.iiy
or being proe-
3 tlie signet m
lurt of justi('e
supreme court
lut to approve,
lons as may he
AITKNDIX VI.— AFRICA. 2S7
cient deputies, to he by him appointed and duly authorized nn<ler his hand and seal, and for whom hr siiall
he responsible during his continuanee in such oOice, execute, and the said sherilf by hiuiseH and his said
deputies are hereby nnthori/.ed to execute, all the sentences, decrees, judgments, writs, suniinon^es, rules,
orders, warrants, commands, and |)rocesses of the said supreme court of the Cafic of Ciond llo|)e, or of the
circuit '-'ourts of the said cidony hereafter mentioned; and shall make a return of the same, to!,'i't her with
the manner of the execution thereof, to the supreme court of the Cape of (iond Hope, or to the said circuit
courts, as the ease may he; and shall receive anil detain in prison all such persons as shall be coiumilted to
thecusto(ly of such slurilf by the supreme court of the Ca|ie of (iood Hope, (m' by the said circuit courts, or
by the chief justice, or by any other judge of the said courts. And we do furl her authorize our governor for
the time being of the said colony of the t'ape of Good Hope in each succeeding year to re-appoint the same
person to illl the olVice of sherilf, if it shall appear to our said '^overnor expedient so to do. I'rovidid nevir-
theless, and we do hereby re(piire our said governor in the selection of any person to fill the sai<l ollice of
sherilf of the Cape of tiood Hope, to conform himself to such directions as may from time to time be given
in that bi half by us, our heirs and successors, through one of om- or their principal Secretaries of State. .Vnd
we do further direct, ordain, and appoint, that whenever the said supreme court of the tinpeof (iood Hope,
or the circuit courts hereinafter mentioned, shall direct or award any process against the said sherilf, or
award any process in any cause, matter, or thing, wherein the said sherilf, on account of his being relatcil to
the parties or any of them, or by reasi.u of any good cause or challengi' which would be allowed against any
sherilf in England, cannot or ought not by law to execute the same, in every such case the said supreme
court of the colony of the Cape of (Jood Hope, or the said circuit courts, as the case may be, shall name and
ap|)oint someotlier lit person to execute and return the same; and the said process shall be directed to the
jierson so to be named for that purpose, and the cause of such special proceedings shall be registered and
entered on the records of the said courts respectively. And we do hereby further ordain, diret't and appoint,
that the said supreme court of the colony of the Cape of Uood Hope shall have cognizance of all pleas and ju-
risdiction in all causes whether civil, criminal, or mixed, arising within the said colony, with jurisdiction over
our subjects and all other persons whomsoever residing and being within the said colony, in as full and ample
manner and to all intents and purposes as the suiireme court of justice now existi.ig within the said colony now
bath or can lawfully exercise the same. And we do further give and grant to the said supreme court of
the colony of the Cape of (joo<l Hope full power, authority, and jurisdiction, to apjily, judge, and determine
upon, and according to the laws now in force within our said colony, and all such other laws as shall at any
time hereafter be made and established for the peace, order, and goviTiiment thereof by us, our heirs and
successors, with the advice and consent of Parliament, or in our or tluir privy council, or by the governor
of the said colony, by tlie advice of the legislative council of ;,()vcrnnient thereof. And we do further give
and grant to the said supreme court full power, jurisdiction, and authority, to review the luoctedings rif a!'
inferior courts of justice within our said colony, and if necessary to set aside and correct the same ; and in the
exercise of such jurisdiction, powers, and authorities as aforesaid, our will and pleasure is, that the pleadings
and proceedings of the said supreme court and the said circuit courts shall be carried on, and the sentences,
decrees, judgments, and orders thereof, pronounced and declared in open court, and not otherwise, and
that the several pleadings and proceedings of the said courts shall be in tlu> Kiiglish language ; and that in
all criminal cases the witnesses against and for any accused jierson or jiersons shall deliver their evidence
rira cofr and in open court. And we do further will, direct, and appoint, that for the conduct and decision
of all civil suits, actions, and causes depending before the said supreme court, and of all (|ucstioiis, matters,
and things arising in the course of any such civil suits, actions, or causes, any two of tlu' judges of the
said supreme court shall form a (luonan, and shall be competent to execute all and every the powers, juris-
dictions, and authorities hereby granted to and vested in the said supreme court ; and that in the event of
any dilferencc of oiiinion between such two judges, the decision of the said court shall in any such case be
suspended until all the three judges shall be present, and the d(>ci-ion of such three judges when unanimous,
or of the majority of such three judges in case of any ditfereiice of opinion, shall in all cases be deemed ana
taken to be the decision of the whole court. And we do further ordain, direct, and appoint, that in any
criminal case depending before the said supreme court the trial of the person or persons accused shall be be-
fore any one or more of the judges of the said court and a jury ('/) of nine men, who shall concur in every
verdict to be given on the trial of any such accused party or |)arties ; and every such verdict shall be delivered
in open court by the mouth of the foreman of every such jury, and shall he thereupon recorded and read
over to such jury before they are discharged from attendance on the said court. Provided nevertheless, and
we do further declare and direct, that no person within the said colony who may be otherwise competent to
Serve on any such jury as aforesaid, shall be or be taken to be iiic<jnipetent to serve on such jury by reason
of his ignorance or supposed ignorance of the Knglish language. And we do further ordain and direct, that
all the duties heretofore [lerformed by the orphan chamber within our said cidony, shall heucelorth be per-
formed by the master for the time being of the said supreme court, and that the said orphan chamber .shall
he and the same is hereby abolished. And we do further direct and ajipoint, that the said siiproiiic court
shall at all times be liolden at Cape Town in our said colony. And we do further ordain and direct, that it
shall and may be lawful for the governor of the said colony by any proclamation or iiroclaniations, to be by
him for that purpose issued, to apportion and divide the said colony into two or more districts, and to fix
and ascertain the boundaries and limits of every such district, and such boundaries and limits from time to
time to alter as occasion may riTpiire. Provided always, that such apportionment of the said colony into
such districts as aforesaid be made in .such manner as to such governor may appear to be best adapted for cn-
nhling the inhabitants of the said colony to resort with case and convenience to the circuit courts to be therein
established as after nientioneil. And we do further grant, ordain and appoint, that courts to be called
ciiviiit courts shall be holden twice at the least in each year in each of the districts into which the said colony
may he so divided as aforesaid, and each of the said circuit courts shall be holden by the chief justice, or by
uiie of the said puisne judges of the said supreme court of the colony of the Cape of Ciood Hope, at such times
It'
•i1
I
ill
1 <\\
i !
238
APPENDIX VI.-AFRICA.
(111(1 nt such one or mnro plnro or jilnrrs vvilliiii cnch of tlic sni<i districts iis tlip povprnor of the colony of tli,.
Cnpo of Ciiiod H()|u! shall I'nmi time to time direct and appoint. And we do further direct mid npiioint
thnt piich of the siiid circuit courts shidl be respectively courts of record, nnd simll, within the district iii
which it niny he holden, hiive nnd exercise nil such nnd the snine jurisdiction, powers, nnd authority ns is
lierehy vested in the snid supn iiie court of the colony of the Cape of (iood llo|ie tliroughout the whole of
the said colony ; and thnt all crimes and offences cosnizahle in the said circuit courts shall he inquired of
heard, and determined hy the said circuit judge nnd a jury of nine men, and that the verdict of such jurv
shall he prcjnounccd nnd recorded in the manner liefore directed respcctins the verdict of juries to he given
in the said supreme court ; nnd that the jirovision liereinhefore contained res|)ecting the ignorance or sup-
poset' ignorance of the F.iiglish language of any person otherwise competent to serve on any jury in the said
supreme court, shall also extend nnd ajiply to persons servmg or who may he rcrpiired to serve as jurors in
the said circuit courts or any of them. Provided nevertheless, and we do further ordnin and direct, thnt if
upon the trial of any crime or offence hefore any of the said circuit courts, nine good nnd lawful men, bein^
duly sunmioned, shall not ajipear to form a jury, then and in all such cases such trial shall he had before the
circuit judge and nny number of the jury who shall nppcnr, not being less thnn six, who shall be sworn and
have the same power as if the full number of nine had appeared. I'rovided also, and we do further direct
and a))point, that all civil suits or actions depending in nny of the snid circuit courts shnll be tried and deci-
ded by the judge of such court alone and without a jury : and thnt in all cases where the sum or matter at
issue in any such suit or action shall exceed or be of tlie value of more thnn one hundred pounds sterlin"
Mritish money, the judge of the said court respectively shall cause the evidence on every such hearing or
trial as aforesaid to be taken down in writing by the clerk or other proper officer in open court in the pre-
sence of the witnesses respectively giving the snme, and the evidence so taken shall be entered ujion the
proceedings of the said courts and be of record ; and in every case in which nny appeal shall be made
and allowed under the iirovisions of this our charter from any judgoient of the said circuit courts,
copies of al! documents and papers which shall have been produced and given in evidence shall be certified
and transmitted by the said clerk or other jiropcr officer as authentic, and also copies of any documents
and papers which shall hove been jiroduced and tendered in evidence and rejected, shall, if required
by the i)arty producing the same, be in like manner authenticated and marked by such officer as aforesaid
as rejected, in order that nil such cojjies may he annexed to the record as jmrt thereof in case of appeal.
And we do further direct nnd declnre, that it shall be lawful for the judges of the said circuit court respec-
tively, on apiilication of either of the parties, plaintiff or defendant, at or before the trial of any civil suit or
action commenced in the snid circuit courts respectively, to iiermit the evidence on such trial to be reconlcd
and certified as aforesaid, although the sum or matter at issue may be less than one hundred pounds sterling
provided that it shall he made to aj^iear to such judge that such judgment, decree, order, or sentence whicii
may be given, made, or pronounced in such suit or action may be of such imimrtance as to render it proper that
an nppeal should be iiermitted; nnd if after giving or pronouncing such judgmcn decree, or order the said
judge shall be of opinion that such judgment, decree, order or sentence is of sucl nportance as to make it
j)roper that an ajipeal should be permitted, it shall be lawful for the said judge to allow either of the said parties,
plaintiff or defendant, to appeal to the said supreme court in like manner and under and subject to the like rules
nnd regulations as In and by this our charter are directed in other cases of appeal from the said circuit courts.
And • further direct and appoint, that it shall be lawful for the plaintiff or plaintiffs, defendant or defend-
ants, against whom any sentence, juiigment, or decree or order of the said circuit courts respectively shall be given
for or in respect of any sum or matter at issue above or exceeding the v.lueof one hundred pounds sterling, to
ap]ieal therefrom to the said sujireme court ; and the party or parties a|)))ealing from such sentence, judgment,
decree, or order, shall within fourteen days from the passing thereof give notice to the adverse party or parties
of such appeal, and within fourteen days from nnd after such sentence, judgment, decree, or order, enter into
sufficient security, to be np])rovcd by the judge of the said circuit courts respectively, to satisfy and perform
the said judgment, decree, or order, in case the same shall be affirmed or the appeal dismissed, together
with such further costs as shall be awarded thereon ; and in all cases of appeal where notice shall be given
and security perfected as aforesaid, execution shall be stayed, nnd not otherwise ; and the said supreme court
shall and may inquire into, hear, and decide all questions whether of law or fact arising upon any such
appeal, but shall not admit or receive any evidence which was not tendered to the circuit court from which
such appeal may be brought on the hearing or trial of any such suit or action therein. And we do further
direct and appoint, that as often as any action or suit shall be brought in the supreme court or in either of
the said circuit courts respectively, and it shall be made to appear to the cjurt before which such action or
suit may be pending, that such action may be more conveniently heard or determined either in the said
supretne court or in some other of the said circuit courts, it shall be lawful for such court to permit and
allow such action or suit to be removed to such other court, and such allowance shall be certified by the
judge, together with the process and proceedings in such action or suit, to the court into which such
action or suit shall be intended to be removed, and thereupon it shall be lawful for such last-mentioned
court and such court is hereby i quired to proceed in such action or suit in like manner as if the same had
been originally commenced and prosecuted in such last-mentioned court. And we do further ordain and
direct, that no judgment or sentence, either of the said supreme court or of any such circuit court as afore-
said, in any criminal case whereby any person shall be condemned to death, or transportation, or banishment
from the said colony, shall be carried into execution until a report of all the proceedings upon any such
trial hath been laid before or transmitted to the governor of the said colony by the chief justice or puisne
judge presiding at any such trial, nor until such governor shall have authorized and approved the execution
of such sentence. And we do further grant, ordain, direct, and ajipoint, that it shall and may be lawful
for the said supreme court, by any rules or orders of court to be by them from time to time for that purpose
made and published, to frame, constitute, and establish such rules, orders and regulations as to them shall
seem meet, touching and concerning the time and place of holding the said supreme court and touching
APPENDIX VI.— AKUICA.
art)
the forms and ninnncr of proci'cdiiii; to l)e obscrvtil in the snid hiiiiionic court and circuit co\nts rcsprttivcly,
and tliu pnnlice and pli.adiii;;H upon nil actions, suits, and other matters, hoth civil and criminal, indict,
nients anil informations to he tliercin hrou^ht, the ai)poinling of conunissioner.s to take l)uil and examine
witnesses, the examination of witnesses dc bmn cv.vf, and allowing the same as evidence, the |)roceedin'^s of
the shcrill" and other ministerial oiticers of the said courts respectively, the process of tlie said courts and
the mode of executinj; the same, the summonin!;, empannellins, and challenging; of jurors, the admission
of barristers, advocates, attoriiies, and solicitors, and proctors, the fees, pounda;;e, or iiercpiisites to be law-
fully den\andeil by and payaiile to any ollicers, attornies, solicitors, and proctors, in the said courts re-
spectively, and touchin;; and concerning all such other matters and things necessary for the pro|)er conduct
and dispatch of business in the said supreme and circuit courts respectively, and all such rules, orders, and
regulations, from time to time to revoke, alter, amend, or renew, as occasion may re(|uire. Provided
always, that no such rules, orders and regulations shall be repugnant to this our charter and that the same
shall be so framed as to promote, as far as may be, economy and expedition in the dispatch of business of
the said supreme court and circuit courts respectively. And that all such rules and forms of practice, pro-
cess, and proceeding, shall, so far as the circumstances of the said colony may permit, be framed with
reference to the corresponding rules and forms in use in our courts of record at VVestininstor, and that the
same be drawn up in plain, succinct, and compendious terms, avoiding all unnecessary repetitions and
obscurity, and promulgated in the most public and authentic manner in the said colony for three months
at least before the same shall operate and take elfect. Piovidcd always that all such rules, orders, and
regulations shall forthwith be transmitted to us, our heirs, and successors, under the seal of the said court,
for our or their approbation or disallowance. And whereas it may be expedient and necessary to make
provision respecting the ((ualifications of jurors to serve in the said courts, and the mode of enforcing
the attendance of such jurors, and it may also be expedient and necessary to make provision for the exten-
sion of trial by jury in the said supreme court or circuit courts in civil cases: now wc do further ordain,
direct, and appoint, that it shall s-.nd may be lawful for the governor for the time being of our said colony
with the advice of the legislative council of government thereof, to make and establish all such wholesome
laws, statutes, and ordinances, as to them may seem meet, respecting the matters aforesaid, which laws, statutes,
and ordinances shall forthwith be transmitted to us for our approbation or disallowance in the manner pre-
scribed by law respecting all other the laws, statutes, and ordinances made or to be made by the said go-
vernor, with the advice of the said council. And whereas it may be exjiedient to establish within our said
colony co\irts of reipiest and other courts having jurisdiction in civil cases of small amount or value, and
in cases of crimes or oU'ences not punishable by death or transportation : now we do hereby authorize and
empower the governor for the time being of our said colony, with the advice of the legislative council of
government thereof, by any laws or ordinances to be from time to time made for that purpose, to erect,
constitute and establish all such courts of request and other courts having jurisdiction in civil and criminal
cases within our said colony : provided tliat the jurisdistion of such civil courts shall not be extended to any
case wherein the sum or matter in dispute shall exceed the amount or value of £40 {h) sterling money, or
wherein the title to any lands or tenements, or any fee, duty, or otlice, may he in (|uestion, or whereby rights
in future may be bound. And provided also, that the jurisdiction of such courts in criminal cases shall not
be extended to any case wherein any person may be accused of any crime punishable by death, transport-
ation, or banishment from the said colony. And we do hereby authorize and empower the said governor, by
and with the advice of the said chief justice and Puisne judges of the said sui)reme court for the
time being, to make, ordain, and establish all necessary rules, orders, or regulations respecting the manner
and form of proceeding in any such last-: .entioned courts, and rcsjiecting the local limits within which the
jurisdiction thereof is to be exercised, and respecting th>; manner and form of carrying "the judgments and
orders of such courts into execution, and all such oti r rules, orders, and regulations as may be neces-
sary for giving full and perfect effect to the jurisdiction of the said courts. And wc do hereby grant,
ordain, and direct, that it shall and may be lawful for any person or persons, being a party or parties to
any civil suit or action depending in the said supreme court of the colony of the Cape of Good IIo|)e,
to appeal to us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, against any final judgment,
decree, or sentence of the said court, or against any rule or order made in any such civil suit or action,
having the effect of a final or dctinite sentence, and which appeals shall be made, subject to the rules, regu-
lations, and limitations following, that is to say, in case any such judgment, decree, order, or sentence shall
be given or pronounced for or in res|)ect of any sum or matter at issue above the amount or value of
£500 sterling, or in case such judgment, decree, order, or sentence shall involve directly or indirectly any
claim, demand, or question to or respecting property or any civil right amounting to or of the value of
£500 sterling, the person or persons feeling aggrieved by any such judgment, decree, order, or sentence
of the supreme court may, within fourteen days next after the same shall have been pronounced, made,
or given, apply to the said supreme court, by petition, for leave to appeal therefrom to us, our heirs,
and successors, in our or their i)ri' y council. And in case such leave to appeal shall be prayed by the
party or parties who is or are directed to pay any sum of money or perform any duty, the said supreme
court shall and is hereby empowered either to direct that the judgement, decree, order, or sentence appealed
from shall be carried into execution, or that execution thereof shall be suspended pending the said ap-
peal, as to the said court may in each ca.se appear to be most consistent with real and substantial justice ; and
in case the said supreme court shall direct such judgment, decree, order, or sentence to be carried into
execution, the person or persons in whose favour the same shall be given, shall, before the execution thereof,
enter into good and sufficient security, to be approved by the said supreme court, for the due performance
of such judgment or order, as we, our heirs and successors, shall think fit to make thereupon ; or in case
the said supreme court shall direct the execution of any judgment, decree, order, or sentence to be sus-
pended pending the said appeal, the person or persons against whom the same shall have been given shall,
in like manner and before any order for the suspension of any such execution is made, enter into good
/( /(
m
210
APPKNOIX VI.— AFRICA.
and sdfficipnt spciirity, to be approved l)y tlir siiid siiprcmi' court, for tlip due pcrfonnnnre of such judgment
or order, ns we, our heirs and successors, shnll thiuk tit to »ml<e tliercMipon. And in all cases we will
and rerpiire that security shall also he K'ven hy the |)arty or parties appcllnnt, to the satist'nution of the su-
preme court, for the prosecufion of the appeal and for the payment of nil such costs as may he awarded
by us, our heirs and successors, to the party or parties respondent ; and if such hist-mentioned security
shall l)« entered into within three months from the date of such petitions for leave to appeal, then, and
not otherwise, the said supreme court shall allow the appeal, anil the party or parties uppellaiit shall he at
liberty to prefer and prosecute his, her, or their appeal to us, our heirs, and successors, in our or their
privy council, in such tnaiuier and under such rules as are observed in appeals nwide to us from our plan-
tations or colonies. And we do hereby reserve to ourselves, our heirs and successors, in our or their
privy council, full |)ower and authority upon the humble petition, at any time, of any person or persons a;;
grieved by any jud^'ment or determination ol the said supreme court, to adu\it his, her, or their appeal there-
from upon such other terins and upon and subject to sm-h other limitations, restrictions, und regulations,
as we or they shall think tit, and to reverse, correct, or vary such judgment or determination as to ns or
them shall seem meet. And it is our further will and pleasure that in all cases of appeal allowed by the
said supreme court, or by us, our heirs and successors, the said court shall certify and transmit to us, our
heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, a true and exact copy of all evidence, proceedini;s, judt;.
tiients, decrees, and orders had or made in such causes appealed, so far as the same have relation to the
matter of appeal, such copies to he certified under the seal of the said court. And we do further direct and
ordain, that the said supreme court shall in all cases of appeal to us, our heirs and successors, conform to
and execute such judgements and orders as we shall think fit to make in the premises, in such manner as
any original judgment, decree, or decretal order, or rule, hy the said supreme court of the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope could or might have been executed. And we hereby strictly charge and conunand all
governors, cominandcrs, ma?;istrates, ministers, civil and military, and nil our liege subjects, within and he-
longing to the said colony, that in execution of the several powers, jurisdictions, and authorities hereby
granted, made, given, or created, they be aiding and assisting and obedii'iit in all things, as they will answer
the contrary at their )ieril. I'rovided always, that nothing in these presents contained, or nny act which slinll
be done under the authority thereof, shall extend or be ciuistrued to extend to prevent us, our heirs and
successors, from repealing these presents or nny part thereof, or from making from time to time, as occasion
may require, such further or other provisions by letters-patent for the administration of justice, civil and
criminal, within the said colony and the places now or at any time hereafter to be annexed thereto, as to
us, our heirs and successors, shall seem fit, in as full and ainple a manner as if these presents had not been
made, these presents or any thing contained to the contrary therein in anywise notwithstanding, And
whereas our royal brother and predecessor, his late Majesty King (icorge the Fourth, by letters-patent
under the great seal of the United Kingdom aforesaid, bearing date at Westminster the twenty-fourth day (if
August, in the eighth year of his reign, did grant, direct, order and appoint that there should be within tlic
colony of the Ci.i)e of Good Hope a court wliich should be called the supreme court of the colony of the Cape
of Good Hope, and it was thereby, amongst other things, provided that nothing therein contained should
extend or be construed to extend to prevent us, our heirs, and successors from repealing the said letfeis-pn-
tent or any part thereof, or from making such further or other provision by letters-patent for the adminis-
tration of justice, civil and criminal, within the said colony nnd the places then or at any time thereafter to
be annexed thereto, as to us, our heirs nnd successors should seem fit, in as full and ample a manner as if
the said letters-patent had not been made, the said letters-pntent or any thing contained to the contrary
therein in anywise notwithstanding. Now we do hereby, in virtue and in pursuance of the powers so
reserved to us as aforesaid in and by the said letters-patent, repeal and revoke the before-mentioned letters-
patent and each and every part thereof : provided nevertheless, that all decrees, judgments, and sentences,
rules and orders heretofore made by the courts established by, or by the judges appointed under the said
letters-patent, or by any or either of such courts or judges, nnd that all general rules, orders, and regulations
of court made under and in pursuance thereof, and that all proclamations issued by any governor of the said
colony in virtue thereof, and that all laws or ordinances promulgated by the governor of the said colony,
■with the advice ot the council of government thereof, for cu'-rying the said letters-patent or any part tlieieof
into efl'ect, shall to all intents nnd purposes be as binding, conclusive, good, valid, and effectual as if these
presents had not been made. And we do further ordain and direct that the governor of our said colony of
the Cape of Good Hope, ujion the arrival therein of these presents, shall by proclamation notify to the inha-
bitants of the said colony the time when the courts hereby established will be open, and as soon as the judges
of the said supreme court shall have assumed nnd entered upon the exercise of their jurisdiction therein then
and from thenceforth the supreme court of the colony of the Cape of Good Hope and the circuit courts now
established within the same and the jurisdiction of the said courts respectively shall be absolutely abolislied,
cease, and determine, and every suit, action, complaint, matter, or thing, civil or criminal, which shall he
depending in such last-mentioned courts respectively, shall and may be proceeded upon in the suprcinc
court instituted under and by virtue of these presents, or in either of the said circuit courts which shall mid
may have jurisdiction within the district or place in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope where such action
or suit or other matter, civil or criminal, respectively was depending, and all proceedings which shall there-
after be had in such action or suit or other matter, civil or criminal, respectively, shall be conducted in like
manner as if such action or suit or other matter, civil or criminal, had been originally commenced in
one or other of the said courts instituted under these (jrescnts, and all the records, muniments, and proceed-
ings whatsoever of and belonging to the said supreme court and circuit courts established by the said recited
letters-patent, shall, from and immediately after the opening of the said courts respectively instituted by
these presents, be delivered over and deposited for safe custody in such of the said courts respectively insti-
tuted under these presents, as shall be found most convenient, and all parties concerned shall and may
pave recourse to the said records and proceedings as to any other records or proceedings of the said courts
AIMT.NDIX VI,— ATUCA.
2tl
idi jmlgmrnt
isi's wi" will
(in of the »u-
y 1)1' nwurilt'il
iiu'il security
.'ul, thtMi, unit
lit slinll In- nt
our or tlii'ir
•oin our jilnu-
our or thi'ir
)r persons w^
■ npiH'iil thi'ro-
(l rcsulations,
r> ns to VIS or
llowL'd by tin-
luit to us, our
:c('(liii;?s, judn-
ri'lrttion to tlic
:hcr direct ami
irs, conlbrin to
ch manner as
colony of the
d command all
within and be-
lorities hereby
iCy will answer
act which shall
our heirs and
mc, as occasion
istice, civil and
d thereto, us to
8 had not been
standing. And
y Icttcrs-pntent
;y-l'ourth day of
Id be within the
lony of the Cape
mtained slionid
said letters-pa-
the adminis-
■ne thereafter to
manner as if
to the contrary
the powers so
ntioncd Ictters-
and sentences,
under the suiil
and regulations
rnor of the said
he said colony,
any part thereof
ual as if these
said colony of
fy to the inha-
on as the judges
ion therein then
cuit courts now
utely abolisliwl,
which shall be
in the sujiremo
which shall and
ere such action
ich shall tbere-
nducted in like
commenced in
ts, and proceed-
the said recited
ly instituted by
spectively insti-
shall and may
f the said courts
respectively. And we do hereby further declare and direct, that during the ah.senee from our said colony of
the Cape of (iood I lope of the governor thereof, or if there shall be no person eoinmissioued by us, our heirs
and successors, to be tbi! goveriuir of our said colony, then and in every such case all and every the powers
hereby Kranted to anil vested in the t,'overnor for the time bein-,; of the said colony shall and may be exeiMifed
by and vested in the lieuteuant-;;overnor thereof, or the ollieer for tin? time beini; administering the
government thereof. In witness, &c. Witness, Sec. the fourth day of May, IHMii.
Hy Writ of I'rivy Seal.
(a) The following was the jury law of the colony under nti ordinance issued in pursuance of the charter
of 1H27.
" Ordinance of his honour the lieutenant-governor in council for determining the ipialiticatinn of persons to
serve on grand and petit juries, and the mode of making out and returning lists of the same." Passed
February -I, lHi>H.
Skct. I. Whereos by His Most Gracious Majesty's charter, bearing date the 24th day of August, 1827, it
is ordained, directed, and appointed, that in any criminal cause depending before the supreme court of tins
colony, the trial of the party or parties accused shall be before one or more of the judges of the said court
and a jury of nine men, who shall concur in every verdict to be given on the trial of any such Recused party
or parties. And whereas by the said charter it is also directed, that all crimes and olfences cognizable in the
circuit court of this colony, shall be inquired of, heard, and determined by the circuit judge and a jury of
nine men, unless upon the trial of any crime or oll'eiice before any of the saiil circuit courts nine good and
lawful men, being duly summoned, shall not appear to form a jury, then and in all such cases such tri.il shall
be had before the judge aird any number of the jury who shall appear, not being less than six, who shall be
sworn, and shall have the .same power as if the usual number of nine had appeared ; now, therefore, in pur-
suance to the powers and direclions aforesaid in the said charter contained, be it enacted by his honour the
lieutenant-governor in council, that Irom and after the passing of this ordinance, every man, exceiit as
hereinafter excepted, between the ages of 21 and (10 years, residing within the colony and its dependencies,
who shall have the possession of any land situated within this colony, held on perpetual i|uit-rent or on loan,
and for which he is liable to pay an annual rent of not le.ss than one pound seventeen shillings and sixpence
sterling, or of freehold land of the same annual value, or who shall be liable to pay in Cape Town and the
district thereof a sum not less than twenty shillings sterling, and in any and every other part of this colony
a Sinn not less than fifteen shillings sterling for or on account of taxes already imposed or hereafter to be
imposed by any law or ordiniince, shall bt ipialitied and shall be liable to serve on juries in all criminal cases
in the supreme and circuit courts, such cases being triable in the district respectively in which every man
80 qualified shall reside.
2. Provided always, and be it further enacted, that oil judges of the supreme court, all clergymen in holy
orders, all priests of the Koman Catholic faith, all persons licensed to teach or preach in any congregation
assembled for religious worship, all attornies and proctors duly adinitti'd by the supreme court or court of
vice admiralty, and actually practising, all ot'-eers of any courts of superior or inferior jurisdiction, exercising
the duties of their resjiective otlices, all gaolers and keeiuMs of bouses of correction, all persons duly admitted
to practise as physicians, surgeons, or apothecaries, and actually practising, all otlicers in his Majesty's army
and navy on full pay or in active employment, all persons employed iti the civil service of bis iVIajesiy's
government in this colony, and all field-cornets, sherilfs' ollicers, constables and clerks, shall be and are
hereby absolutely freed and excepted from being returned and from serving upon any jury whatsoever.
7. And be it further enacted, that no person shall be put on trial on any indictment at any criminal ses-
sion of the supreme court, unless the bill shall first have been iiresented to a grand jury, and shall have been
returned by them a true bill.
8. And be it further enacted, that every such grand jury shall consist of not more than seventeen men,
and not less than nine men, between the ages of 21 and (iO years, of good fame and condition, possessing
property in land or houses within Cape Town of the value of Jt.'2,000 sterling.
(A) Under the charter of 1H27 district courts had been appointed, the jurisdiction of which did not extend
in the Cape district to cases where more than f2() were in dispute, nor in other places to a larger amount
than £10. Whoever, in the Cape district, had a claim on another for more than £20, was obliged to apply
to an attorney at least three or four days before the matter could be brought into court. If his claim was
founded on a note or bond already due, no witnesses were recpiired, anil it would have been sullicient to
submit the document to his attorney, who handed it to an advocate, by whom it was submitted to the court
on Tuesday, the day appointed for such claims, for provisional judgment, which was immediately granted if
110 one appeared in defence.
B.— SIERRA LEONE.— CHARTER OF JUSTICE.
Ninth Part Patents of the Second Year of King George the Fourth.
Georgk the Fourth, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender
of the Faith, to all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : Whereas by an Act of Parliament made,
and passed in the thirty-lirst year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the Third, our dearest father
intituled, " An Act for establishing a Comi)any for carrying on Trade between the Kingdom of Great Britain
and the coasts, harbours, and countries of Africa, and for enabling the said company to hold by grant from
His Majesty, his heirs, and successors, and from the native Princes of Africa, a certain district of land, com-
monly called the Peninsula of Siena Leone, now vested in his Majesty or belonging to the said princes, for
;|l
ii
;>4-J
AI'PKNDIX VI.—Al'RICA.
tlir lu'tter cnnliliiiR tlii' siiid cdtnpnny to cnrry cm the siiid trade," it. wnx, niiioni;!(t otliiT tliiiinH, t'lmcii'd,
thnt the .scviTiil ptTsniis thi'iiin imiiii'd nnd dc»rril)cd should be and tliry wi-re thereby creiited (me (hstimt
niid feparate tiody politic and corporate, by the mime or style of " The Sierra I.eone Coinpniiy j" and it w:in
hIho enaeted, thnt it should he liiwful lor his said late Majesty, his heirs, nnd Hiiece»sors, to make unto the
said company n i;rant by letters-patent, under the i;reat seal of (irent Hritain, of so much and such part uf
nil that tract or district of land situate anil beini; at Sierra l.i'oiu', on the coast of Africa, and commonly
called or known by the name or description of " The I'cninsuln of Sierrn I.eone," as then already mii,'lit
have or slmuld thereafter by any Rrant, purcdiase, or cession from any of the kin^s, princes, or chiefs huvjn;;
riKh* therein, become vested in his said late Majesty, his heirs, or successors, with jiower and liberty to and
for the sail! company to purchase of and from all kins'*, princes, and chiefs, or other powers liiwin;; riiihf to
make sale thereof, so niui h land us should include the whole trnct or district so commonly called or known
by the name of the I'eninsuln of Sierra I.eone as aforesaid, bounded as thereinafter mentioned ; to hold the
same to the said company and their nssi};iis, upon such terms, conditions, and reservations as his said late
Majesty, his heirs, and successors should judiie expedient ; nnd it was thereby further enacted, that the said
Act should take place and have continunnci' from the 1st day of July 17'.H, for the term of thirty-one years,
nnd from thence to the end of the next session of I'arlininenf : And whereas th'.^ said ccunpany, in pursu.mce
of the said Act and inimcdiatcly after pnssins; the same, did rnise a hujje capital of stock, and did enter upon
the bi'siness nnd midertakin};s for which they were incorporated, nnd did also purchase from the natives
of Sierra I.eone aforesaid apart or distiict of the snid |)eninsula, and form n very considerable estahhsh-
ment for their otlicers, servants, nnd settlers, nnd built a town called Treetown, ami laid out plantations
there, nnd niso formed some other aettlemcnts or factories on the neinhbouriuK coasts for the |)urpose of
carrying on trade with this coimtry in the natural productions of Africa : Aiu' wherens the s.ud company
Inunbly besought his said late Majesty, by petition, to make unto them such grant of the said jjcnin-
suln as in the snid Act of Parliament is specified ; nnd further to grant unto them certain powers, privileges,
nnd franchises for the govornment of the snid peninsula, nnd for the etlectunl administration of justice in
civil causes, and for the trial nnd punishment of crimes or misdcnien"ors committed there, or in the said
company's other factories nnd settlements, suggesting thnt the granting of such pov^ers unto the snid com-
pany would not ordy conduce to the welfare of the snid peninsula, but would also tend (as there was great
reason to believe) to advance the nntionni interests on the continent of Africn i And wherens his said laic
Majesty having considered the premises, did by virtue and in pursuance of .he said recited net, and of Ins
own special grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, give and grant, by letters-patent under the great scnl
of Great Britain, hearing date at Westminster the .Ith day of July in the fortieth yenr of his reign, for him-
self, his heirs nnd successors, to the said com))any, their successors, nnd assigns, under the reservations,
limitations, and declarations thereinafter exjjrcsscd, all and every such part and parts of all that tract nnd dis-
trict of land, situate and being at Sierra Leone, on the coast of Africa, and commonly called or known by tho
name or description of " The IViunsida'of Sierrn I.eone," as already had by any grant, purchase, or cession frum
any of the kings, princes, or chiefs having right therein become vested in his said late Majesty, his heirs, and
successors, together with all the soils, grounds, havens, ports, gulfs, and bnys, mines, minerals, prccimi^
stones, quarries, woods, rivers, waters, fishings, as well royal as other fishings, pearls, commodities, juris-
dictions, royalties, franchises, jirivileges, and pre-eminences within the same, and the precincts thiTciit
nnd thereunto in any sort belonging or appertaining, and which his said late Majesty, by his letters-patent,
might or could grunt, and in as ample a manner as his said late Majesty or any of his royal progenitors
had hitherto granted to any comi)any or body politic or corporate, or any other i)erson or persons whomso-
ever, and in as large and ample a manner as if the same were there particnilarly mentioned and expressed ;
anil did further give and grant unto the said company, their successors, and assigns, full power, liberty, ami
juivilege to purchase of nnd from all kings, princes, and chiefs, or other powers having right to nuikc sale
thereof, so much land in addition thereto as should include the whole tract or district commonly culled or
known by the name of " The I'eninsuld of Sierra J.eone" as aforesaid, as the same was bounded on the north
by the river Sieirn Leone, on the south by the river Caramnnca, on the enst by the river Ilrucc, and on the
west by the sea ; to have, hold, and enjoy '.iie same peninsula, and the whole use, |)roperty, and posscsnoii
thereof, unto the said company, their successors, and assigns, to he holden of his said late Majesty, his heirs
and successors, as of his manor of Last Greenwich, in the county of Kent, in free and common soccnge and
not in capite, yielding and paying therefore to his said late Majesty, his heirs, and successors, the rent or
sum often shillings of lawful money of Great Britain, on the 1st ''.r.y of September yearly, all which Uiiuls,
countries, and premises thereby granted or mentioned, or intended so to be, his said late majesty did by tlie
said letters-patent make, erect, and create one independent and separate colony, by the name ol " Tliu
Colony of Sierra Leone;" and did further for himself, his heirs, and successors, grant unto the said coni-
jiany and their successors, and did by the said letters-patent or charter of justice ordain, will, nnd estidilish
that the court of directors of the said comjinny, assc^.hled for that purpose, slioidd and might make, enact,
and declare laws, statutes, and ordinances tit nnd necessary for and concerning t!ie government uf the saiil
colony, and that the same should be in full force and virtue within the said colony of Sierra Leone, so ns
the same should not be repugnant to the laws of this realm, and to imjiose reasonable lines, penalties, or
forfeiture for any breach or breaches thereof; and did further will and ordain that the court of directors of
the said company for the time being, being assembled for that j)urpose, should from time to time have full
power and authority to nominate, make, constitute, and appoint a governor and three councillors for the
government of the said colony, and the factories or settlements dependent thereon, and such governnr and
council, or any of them so appointed, at their pleasure to remove or recall, and another or others in liis or
their place or places to appoint ; nnd th:>t such governor and council so to he appointed, should and mi^'ht
make, enact, and declare laws, statutes, and ordinances fit and necessary for and concerning the govcrnnunf
of the said colo.iy, and not repugnant to the laws and .statutes of this realm, and that the same slioulil be
in full force and virtue within the said colony of Sierra Leone until the said Court of Directors should think
APPKNIMN VI.— AlHICA.
2ja
;», cnactL'il,
IIIC iltstiiict
Hlicl It WllK
kv unto tl\i'
ui'li piirt of
I coinnionly
ii'iuly minlil
lift's Imvinn
JiTty to Hiul
in;; iit,'lit to
il or known
to hntd till'
liis said lute
llllt till' SllicI
y-ont' yi'iiis,
I) pmsiiiinci'
II I'lltlT ll|Hll)
1 till' liiitivrs
U- fst;il)lisli-
it iiliintiitioiis
i' piiiposi! of
i.iid connmny
: snid |n'iiin-
r», iirivili'^rs,
lit' jiistirc 111
iir ill thr sniil
the snid coni-
icre was si'i'i't
s his said Intf
jct, and (if liis
the grrnt Mid
tif^n, lor hini-
■ rt'stTvations,
t tinctftiul ilis-
kliown by tlio
ir cession Irorr,
, his heirs, mid
crnls, iiri'ciiHi!"
noditics, jinis-
'ciiicts thtri'iif
k'ttcrs-patcnt,
at progenitors
•sons whomso-
nd exiiri'sscd ;
r, liberty, mid
to make sale
nonly called or
)d on the north
lec, and on the
tiiul posscsdoii
lesty, his heirs
n sDCca'rte and
irs, the rent or
II which lands,
■sty did by the
anie ot " Thf
the said eom-
I, and establish
ht nr.ake, enact,
nt of the snid
a Leone, so ns
s, penalties, or
of directors of
time have full
ncillors fur the
h governor and
others in ids or
i\ild and nii^ht
he goveninuiit
anic should he
rs should think
net
tit to (iisnljow or dinnpprovp of the namr ; niul iliil further tjivp ami i:rnnt unto the sniil coiiipmiy and their
KUCcesRors, and did by the snid charter ordain, direct and establish that there shunld be within tbe said town
of Freetown one body politic and corporate, by the nnnie or style of " The Mayor ami Aldermen of I'ree-
tnwii," and that siieb boily piditic ami corporate should consist of n mayor anil three aldermen, and that the
said body p(ditic and corporate, hy the mime and style aforesaid, should have pirpetiiiil succession, nnil
should and iniKlit be able and capable in law to sue and be Htied in any courts and (iiiises wluifsocver, ami
should and iiil^ht have n common seal for the business and nlVairs of the said curporation, which common
seal they and their Miiccessors nii;;bt break and ilmnv;e at tbeir pleasure ; And did further, hy the said char-
ter, direct that the jiersons constituted respectively the lirst and moilern mayor, and the lirst and modem
aldermen of the snid town of rrectowii, in and under the sunie, should, at a time to be appoiiiteil for that pur-
pose by the f;"vernor, or in case of his absence, by the senior of the council then nsidiii;; at Sierra l.eone,
within fourteen days after notice of the said charter, fake an oath duly to execute their respective ollices,
together with the oath of allet;iance, which oath the said governor, in' in his absence, the senior of the coon-
cil then residing at Sierra l.eone, was thereby empowered to administer, and that from the time of takiiij; tliH
said oaths of olVice and ■.lIcKiance the said niiiyor should continue in the said olViee until iinolher person
should he duly elected and sworn into the said ollice as thereinafter was directed ; and did by tlu' saiil (diar-
ter direct that the said persons therein nominated as aforesaid to be aldermen of Freetown, should coiilimii!
in their respective olVices of aldi'rmcn from tbe time of taking; such oaths as aforesaid, for and iluriiij; the
term of their natural lives, unless their said places should be avoided, or themselves removed, in such man-
ner as thereinnfter was mentioned: And did further will and direct, that it should and niii;lit be lawful to
and for the governor and council of the said colony for the time beiiif;, or the major part of them, whereof
tl'.e said novernor, or in his absence, the senior of the council then residing at Siena l.eone, to be one, yearly
and every year, on the lirst Monday in the month of September, to assemble tbeiiisi Ives, and proceed to
the election of one person out of the aldermen of the said town of Kreetowii to be mayor of the said town for
one year, from the 2'Jth day of September in every yi'ar, and until another should be duly elected and sworn
into the said othee : And did further ordain and appoint, that the |iersoii so (diosen into the ollice of mayor
should, on or before the 2'.)th day of September next after he should be chosen into his said ollice as afore-
said, take the usual oath of othee and the oath of allegiance before the said f,'ovcrnor for the time beinj;, or in
his absence, before ihe senior of the council then residiin'; at Sierra l.eone, who were thereby authorized
ami reipiired to administer the same, and should continue in such olViee for the space of one whole year from
the said 2!)th day of September, and until another should be duly elected and sworn into the said ollice in
manner before mentioned; and flint in case any mayor should happen to die in his said ollice, the governor
and council of the snid colony for the time beiii};, or the major part of them, (whereof the said f^iivernor,
or in his absence, the senior of the council then residiiif; at Sierra l.eone, to be one) should and iiii^ht, as
soon after as they conveniently could, assimble and elect one other person out of the said aldermen of the
said town of l'"reetown for the time beiiiR to be mayor of the said town of Freetown for the remainder of
the year, and until another should he duly elected and sworn into the said olhce ; and that the pirsmi so
chosen nnd ap|)ointed as aforesa;( should immediately thereiipoi: take the same oaths of ollice and allef.'ian('e
as were before directed to be taken by the mayors of the snid corporation : And did further <irdaiii, that the
mayor of the said town of Freetown thi reinbefore nominated, and every other person who should tlierealter
be mayor of the said town, should, after the determination of his ollice of mayor, continue to he one of the
aldermen of the snid town until his said place shall be avoided nnd himself removed In manner tliereinafter
mentioned ; jirovided that the mayor for the time lieiiii; should he capable of beinR reelected from time to
time when and as the electors should think lit : ;\nd did further will and direct, that so often as any of the
aldermen of the said town should die or he removed, or their pliices be avoided in manner thereinalter
mentioned, the governor and council of the said colony for the time beini;, or the major part of them
(whereof the said governor, or, in his absence, the senior of the council then residing at Sierra l.eone, to be
one), should and might assemble and elect some other ht )ierson out of the inhabitants of the snid town of
Freetown into the said jilace of alderman, who should, within fourteen days after his election, take tbe oath
of office and the oath of allegiance before the governor of the said colony for the lime being, or, in his
absence, the senior of the council then residing at Sierra l.eone, and should continue in such ollice during
his life, unless his said ])lnce should be avoided, or himself removed, in such manner as thereinafter is
mentioned ; and that if any person so c losen an allermnn should m'.;lect or refuse to ncccpt such ollice,
not having a reasonable excuse for so doing, and should not within fourteen days next after such his elec-
tion take the oath of olhce and the oath of allegiance, then nnd in such case every such person slmuld
forfeit nnd pay such reasonable fine as should for that purpose be lived and agreed on by the court of the
mayor and aldermen thereinafter constituted, with the approbation and consent of the said governor and
council of the snid colony for the time being, or the major part of them (whereof the said governor, or. In
his absence, the senior of the council then residing at Sierra l.eone, to he one), •(> he by them signilied to
the said court in writing: And did further b ■ the said charter ordain and provide, thnt if the snid mayor,
or any of the said aldermen, should remove or return lo Kurope, or shouid otherwise be absint from the
said town of Freetown by the sjiace of three calendar months, unless for such reasonable cause as the sniil
governor and council for the time being, or the major part of them (wheniif the said governor, or, in his
absence, the senior of the council then residing at Sierra l.eone, to he one), should allow, or should become
the said company's governor, or one of their council of the said colony, in every such case the jilace or
office of every such mayor or alderman should be void ; nnd it should and might he lawful to choose another
mayor or alderman in the place nnd stead of such person, in the same manner as was before jirovided in
ca.se such mayor or alderman had been naturally dead : And did further thereby direct nnd appoint, that it
should and might be lawful to and for the said governor and council of thL> said colony for the time being,
or the major jiart of them (whereof the said governor, or, in his absence, the senior of the council then
residing at Sierra Leone, to he one), to remove any of the said aldermen, upon reasonable cause, provided
i
iir
m
ill
944
APPKNOIX VI.— AKRICA.
that a cnmplnint in writing were flrot oxhiliited BKninxt him, niul that he hud a rcniioniilile time Riven him
for his ili'ft'ncf, mid were siunnionod for that piiriiimi', in cii-e he rIuhiIiI he rrsiilcnt within thr liniitH mid
prcciiictn of till' itnid town ol Krcctdwn ; liiit thut in citsi' niiy prri^iin shiiiild tliiiik hiiiiHcIt' iiKKricviil tiy any
Hiich Acntcnci' or luljiKhi'iitioii of rciiioviil, itMrh person iiii^lit, within one cali'iKJiir iiiontli iifti r notice of such
removal, appeal to the said court of dIrectorH, upon >;ivin(; security to pay the cnntH of unch appeal in i hhc
■tich sentence or ailjudication hIiouIiI he iilllinieij, ■ilthiiiii;li hiicIi appeal Hlioiild not niiipeiid the exeiiition ul
•iich urntence : And did further hy the said cliurter oidiiiii, direct, and appoint, that the mayor and alilcr-
men tor the time heiii;,' of the town of Kieetown aforesaid slimild be, and they were therehy constituted, a
court of record, by the name cd' " 'I'lie Mayor's Court of Freetown ;" and that they, or any two or more of
them (whereof the mayor, or the senior alderman for the time heiiiB residing there to be <ine), iniKlit, and
they were thereby autliori/.ed to try, hear, and detcriniiie all civil suits, actions, and pleas between parly and
party that should or mi^lit arise or happen, or that had already arisen or happened, within the said colony
of Sierra Leone, or any of the factories subject or subordinate thereunto, except such suits or actions as
should be between natives of Africa only not become settlers within the said colony or factories, in which
case his saiil late Majesty willed that the same should be detiruiined aiiwrng themselves, unless both parties
should by ctnsent submit the same to the determination of the said mayor's court, and also except where
the cause of action or suit should not exceed the value of M).\. ; I'rovided, that if the said mayor, or any of
the said aldermen, hliould be in any ways interested in the event of any such action or suit, no such mayor
or aldermen so iiiterested as aforcsaiil should sit or act as judt;e in such suit or action, but that the same
should he heard and determined by such of tlioin, the said mayor and aldermen, as should be no ways inte
rested therein ; and that in all cases where the number of voices should be ecpial in the determination of
any action or suit, the mayor, or in his absence, the senior alderman present, should have two voices ; And
did further by the said charter diri'Ct, that the iierson constituted first sheritf of the said colony in and inuler
the same, should, at a time to be appiiinfed for that purpose by the (;overiior, or in his absence, by the
senior of the council then residiiiR at Sierra I.eone aforesaid, within fourteen days after notice of the
said charter, take an oath duly to execute his olTico, together with the oath of alleKiancr, which oaths
the said (jovernor, or in his absence, the senior of the council then residini; at Sii ria I.eone iifoic-
said, was thereby empowered to administer ; and that from the time of takiiiR the said oaths of olVue
and allegiance the said sheritf should continue in the said olllce until another should be duly ehc'ed
and sworn into the said oflice, as tliereiiiafter was directed ; and that the j^overiior and council of the
said colony for the time being, or the major part of them (whereof the said governor, or in his absence,
the senior of the council then residing at Sierra Leone, to be one), sliould yearly, on the first Monday in tlie
niontli of September, assemble themselves, and proceed to the election of a new sheriff lor the year eiisiiinj,',
to be computed from the 2'Jth day of September next after such election, which sheriff, when elected, so soon
as conveniently mij^bt he, and before he should enter upon his said offlcc, should take the usual oath of
otflce and the oath of allegiance before the said governor for the time being, or in his absence, the senior
of the council then residing at Sierra Leone, who were thereby autliori;;ed to administer the same, and
should continue in such office during the space of one whole year, from the said 2!Uh day of September, ami
until another should be duly elected and sworn into the said office, unless his said place should be avoided
in such manner as thereinafter was mentioned ; and that in case any such sheriff should die in his olliee, or
should remove from the said town of Freetown, or he absent from the same by the space of three calendar
months, unless for such reasonable cause as the said governor and council for the time being, or the major
part of them (whereof the governor, or, in his absence, the senior of the council then resiling at Sierra
Leone, to he one) should allow, then the said governor and council, or the major (lart of them (whereof the
governor, or, in his absence, the senior of the council then residing at Sierra Leone, to i)c one), should and
might, as soon as conveniently might be after the death, removal, or absence of such sheriff, assemble and
choose another person to be slieriffin his room, who should be sworn as aforesaid, and continue in his ofliee
for the remainder of the year, and until another should be duly elected and sworn into the said office ; aiu!
that the said sheriff thereby apjiointed, and every other sheriff so to be elected and sworn as aforesniil,
should, during his and their continuance in such office respectively, have full power and authority to sumnuin
juries, execute and make return of all process of the said court, and of any other court erected by the said
charter within the districts aforesaid ; and in case of the absence of any such sheriff for such reasonable
cause, to be allowed as aforesaid, the deputy or under-sheriff, to be aiipointed by such sheriff, should renirn
all process, and do all acts in the name of and by virtue of the authority of such sheriff : And did further by
the said charter direct, ordain, and ajipoint, that upon complaint, to be made in writing to the said court, hy
or on behalf of any person or persons against any other person or persons whomsoever, then residing or
being, or who, at the time when such cause of action had or should have accrued, did or should reside or he
within the said town or elsewhere in the said colf)ny of Siena Leone, or any of the factories subordinate
thereto, of any of the causes of suit aforesaid already accrued, or which should or might thereafter accrue,
unless the same should be between the natives only of Africa, not become settlers within the said colony of
Sierra Leone or the said factories, or unless such cause of suit should not exceed the value of -fOs., the said
court should and might issue a summons in writing, under the hands and seals of two of the judges of tlie
said court, (whereof the mayor for the time being, or in his absence, the senior alderman residing within
the said town of Freetown, to be one,; to be directed to the said sheriff, re(|uiring the party or parties,
defendant or defendants, to appear before them at a certain time and place therein to be appointed, to
answer the said complaint, and in default of appearance upon return of the said summons at such time and
and place, the said court should and might issue forth a warrant, under the hands and seals of any two of
the judges of the said court, (whereof the mayor for the time being, or the senior alderman then residing
within the said town of Freetown, to be one, unless the said mayor or senior alderman should be a party in
such action or suit, and in that case under the hands and seals of any other two of the judges of th'- said
court) directed to the said sheriff for the time being, to take the body or bodies of such defendant or defen-
APPKNDIX VI.— AFRICA.
24.1
inp nivcri hliii
III' liiiiitH niid
;rlcvf(l liy iiiiy
notice of siicit
npiit'iil in Lane
i' I'XI'CUtinli ipf
yor nnd aldcr-
c'oiistituttd, n
wo or niort' of
■), iiii(?lit. mid
(I'M (jiirly nnd
III' Hiiid colony
s or ncfioiiH lis
jricn, in uliitli
18 both piutiis
I cxci'pt vvIhti'
lyor, or nny ol'
10 such niiiyor
that tlie suiiii;
no ways intc
tiTuiiniition of
I voices : And
y ill nnd unilcr
ibscnci?, by tlic
notice of the
\ which onths
. I.coiic ufori-
onths of office
c duly cicvN'd
council of the
in his nbscncc,
Moiidny iri tin'
e year ciisiiint;,
elected, so somi
ic usual oath of
Mice, the senior
the sniiH', nnd
cptcnibcr, ami
uld be nvoidid
n his ollice, or
three cnleiidur
or the major
ling at Siena
(whereof the
e), should nnd
assemble and
uc in his otlice
niil office ; nru!
ill as aforesaid,
ity to summon
icd by the said
lich rcasonnhlf
should return
did further by
said court, liy
[en residing or
Id reside or he
lea subordiiiHtc
eaftcr accrue,
said colony of
40.5., the Slid
judges <5f tlie
■siding within
;ty or parties,
appointed, to
Isuch time and
of any two of
then residing
be a party in
;es of Lhe said
lant or defen-
ilnnti and brini? Iilm or them lieforo the said court, at it rtrfain time and place therein to bo nppnlnfcfl, to
antsvi to the H:ud coniphiiiit ', and in ciiHe of iippeHraiier oi arrest of the body or liodies of such defendant
or defi 'idniits, to let such defendant or di iVndaiits out to bail upon kIvIiik siitlU lent secui ity (uhieh his
said 1^1 :>' Miijesty dill theretiy empower the said court to tatkej to aluile and iirfoiiii the riiiiil order and
jml^iiH lit of the said court, or such tiiinl order .mil jiiil);iiieiit hh should or iiii^ht be KJveii iipoi; any appeal
to be I unight in the sniil cause, or to surrender hiiiiself to the said court to he charged in exeiution till the
said Ji< l;;;emeiit should be satislied ; and in default of lliidin;{ bail, or giviiii; hiicIi security as aforesaid, to
detain ^iicli defendant or ileteiidants in custody, until he, she, or they should have found such bail, or have
Kiven ^uch security as afori'^aid, or should have judgment or sentence ^iveii for him, her, or them for such
compi lint : nnd after kiicIi bail-bond or security given as aforesaid, or in case such delVnduiit or defenilants
shoiilil be detained In custody for want of bail or security, his said late Majesty did thereby for himself, his
heirs II rid successors, mdain, direct, and authorize the siiid court to proceed to the examimitinn of the matter
and cm c of eoinplaint, either upon the oath or oaths or solemn nllirmalion of any witness or witnesses, to
be t»ik,i I in the most solem.i manner; that is to say, the oath or oaths of siieb witness or witnesses who
should profess the Christian religion to be taken upon the Holy Evangelists, unless such witness or witnesses
should be of the persuasion of the people called (jtiakers, in which case a soleinii allirmatioii should lie suf-
llcieiit ; nnd upon the oath or solemn allirniation of any of the natives, in such manner as they should esteem
to be most binding on their consciences to olilige them to speak the truth, for which purpose the said court
was empowered nnd reipiired by the said letters-patent to administer such oath or allirnmtioii to such witness
or witnesses us should be produced on behalf of either party (phiintilFor defeiidautj, or by the confession or
ndniission of such defendant or defendants in his, her, or their answer, upon the like oath or ntVirmatioii,
according to his, her, or their religion, sett, or caste respectively, which oath or aHirniatioii the said court
was also by the said letters- patent empowered to administer ; nnd that thereupon it should be lawful for the
said court to give judgment and seiilence according to law and etjuity, nnd to nward and issue a warrant or
warrants of execution under the hands and seals of two of the judges of the said court (whereof the mayor
of the said town of Freetown for the time being, or the senior alderman then residing within tlie said town,
to be one, unless they or either of them should be interested therein, and in that case, under the hands nnd
seals of any two of the aldermen not interested therein), to be directed to the slierilf for the time being, for
levying the debt, duty, or damages adjudged or decreed to the party or parties, coniplaimint or complainants,
together with their costs of suit, upon the goods and chattels of such defendant or defendants, or to cnuso
sale to be made of his, her, or their goods and chattels, rendering to the party the overplus, if any were ;
nnd for want of sulVicient distress, his said late Majesty did thereby give full power and authority to the said
court to im|)rison the defendant or defendants ui.lil siitiilnction was mode by him, her, or ihein to the plain-
tiff or plaintilfs of the debt, duty, or damages decreed or udjuilged, together with the cost:i of suit; and in
case judgment were giver for the defendant or defendants, full power and authority were thereby liki'wise
given to the said court to award costs to such defendant or defendants, and t > issue the like process and
exeiution for the same as in cases where costs wi're nwauled to any plnintil'.' or plaintiffs; nnd that if any
action or suit should be brought or commenced against the; mayor of the said corporation for the time being
during his being or eontiiuiing in his ollice, it should and might be lawful for the said mayor's court to pro-
ceed in and determine such suit, in the same manner as in nny other action or suit depending before them,
but such mayor should not sit ns judge or appear on the bench during the hearing of the said cause or
making any order therein ; and that if any action or suit should be brought against the said sheriff during
hii being nnd continuing in his ollice, it should and might be lawful to and for the said governor and council
for the time being, or the major jiait of tlieiii (wheieol the governor or the senior of the council residing at
Sierra Leone to be one), to nominate nnd appoint a proper person to execute the proccstj nnd orders of the
said court against such sheriff for the time being ; and to the intent that due provision might be made that
there might be no failure of justice, if the defendant or defendants, who was or were resident within the
said town of I'reetown or elsewhere within the said coloii", or any of the factories or settlements subordinate
Jhcreto, at the time when any cause of action did accrue should withdraw himself, herself, or themselves out
of or should not be found within the jurisdiction of the said court, his said late Majesty did by the said
charter give, grant, will, direct, and ap])oint that in case the sbcrilf should make return to such summons or
warrant of arrest that the party or parties, defendant or defendants therein menticncd, or any of them,
was or were not to be found within the jurisdiction of the said court, it should a':d might be lawful
to and for the snid court, upon an athdavit of proof verifying the demand of the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such
suit to the satisfaction of the said court, to grant a sequestration to seize the estate and effects of such party
or parties, defendant or defendants, to such value as the said court should think reasonable and should
direct in such process of sequestration, and the same to detain in the hands of a proper person, to be
appointed by the said court, till such jjarty or parties should appear to the said complaint and give se-
».u.iiy as aforesaid ; nnd in case the party or parties, defendant or defindants, should not appear and give
security as aforesaid within the space of six montlis, unless it should be shewn to the said court on behalf of
such defendant or defendants, that he, she or they was or were residing in Great Hritain or Ireland, then that
it should and might be lawful for the said court to proceed to hear and determine the said cause, and to give
judgment therein ns aforesh! . : and in case judgment should be given for the plaintiff or plaintiffs in such
suit, to direct the effects so seized to be sold, and out of the produce thereof to make satisfaction to the plain-
tiff or plaintiffs for the debt, duty or damages, and costs recovered, returning the overplus (if any should be)
unto such defendant or defendants ; and in case such produce should not be sufficient to make satisfaction to
the jilaintiff or plaintiffs, that then it should and might be lawful to and for the said court to award execu-
tion for the residue of the debt, duty or damages and costs, recovered in manner aforesaid: provided never-
theless, that in all cases where the action to be tried would, if the parties had been resident in this realm, !;ive
been tried by njury in some court of law, every such action should be tried in the said mayor's court before a
jury, according to the practice of the said courts of law in this realm, or as near thereto as the circumstances
,1
246
APPKSniX VI.— AI'RICA.
vjoiild ndmit of; nnd his said lato Mnjrsty did tiiercby empowpr the snid court to administer to stich jiirv
the usnal oiitli tnkoii in like cases in this realm : And for the considernlions therein recited, his said late
Maje«ty further, by the said charter, willed and ordained that all anch money, securities and ellVcts of the
suitors of the said court as should be ordered in to court, or to he |)aid, dclivi'red or deposited for safe eustodv,
should he |i,iid or delivered unto or deposited with the governor and council of the said colony, to be by them
kept in deposit, ijubject to such orders and dirietions as the said mayor's court should from time to time
think tit to make concerning the same for the benelit of the suitors ; and did aho give and grant unto the
said court of directors of the said company, or the major part of them, full power and authority from lime to
time to name and appoint an ortieer, under the name of accountant-general of the mayor's court of Free-
town, and the same at their pleasure to remove and another to appoint, who should act, perform and do all
matters and tilings neeessiiry to carry into execution the orders of the said mayor's court relating to
the payment or delivery of the suitor's money, ellects and securities unto the governor and council of the
said colony, and taking the same out again, and keeping the accounts with the said governor and council and
registrar, or other proper odieer of the mayor's court, and other matters relative thereto, under such mles,
methods and directions as should from time to time be made and given by the court of directors of the said
company, vvliieh rules, methods and directions his said late Majesty thereby willed and directed should be
according to such as wore observed by the accountant-general of the High Coiirt of Chancery of Great Bri-
tain, or as near thereto as might be, and as the situation and circumstances of atl'airs would admit; and did
further therel)y nutliorize the said mayor's co\irt to administer oaths and allirmations, and to frame such
rules of practice, and nominate and appoint such clerks and ollicers, and to do all such other things as shoidd
be found necessary for the administration of justice, and the due execution of all or any of the powers given
to them by the said charter, so as they from time to time should give an account thereof unto the said com-
pany, and so as the same should be subject to the approbation, controul and alteration of the said court of
directors of the said company, whom his said late Majesty did likewise will and ordain to have full power and
authority to make such rules and orders for the better administration of justice as they should from time to
time think lit and necessary ; but such rules and orders so to be made by the said mayor's "ourt, so far as the
same should be re|nignant to any rules or orders afterwards made by the said court of (■ ■ tors of the said
comjiany as aforesaid, should nevertheless be in force until the same should be revoked or altered by the
said court of dirtctors, and notice thereof given unto the said mayor's court; And did further thereby
rerpiire and command that a table of fees to be allowed to such clerks and otileers should be settled by the
said mayor's court, and approved and signed by the governor and council of the said colony for the time being,
and should be written out fair, and constantly lixed up in some visible and open part of the room or place
where the said court should be held, and that it should be lawful for the said mayor's court, with the appro.
liKtion of the said governor and council for the time being, or the major part of them, and al. o to and for
the court of directors of the said comiiany, to vary and alter such table of fees in such manner as they should
think fit: And it was further by the said charter ordained and established, that if any person or persons
should think him, her or themselves aggrieved by any judgment, sentence or decree of the said mayor's court,
such person or jiersons should or might, within fourteen days after such judgment, sentence or decree of the
said court should be entered of record, appeal to the governor and council of the said colony for the time
being, whom (or any two or more, whereof the governor, or in his absence, the senior of the council then
resiiling at Sierra Leone, to be one) his said late Majesty did thereby for himself, his heirs and successors,
constitute, nominate and appoint to be a court of record for that purpose to receive such appeals, and to hear
and determine the same, and to do all other acts, matters and things necessarily incident thereto ; provided,
that if the said governor and council should be anyways interested in the event of any such action or suit,
no person so interested should sit or act as a judge upon such appeal, but the same should be heard and de-
termined by such of them, the said governor and council, as should be no ways interested therein, or any
two or more of them ; and that in all cases wherein the number of voices should be equal in the determi-
nation or judgment upon such appeal, the governor for the time being, or in his absence, the senior of the
council who should be present, and not interested, should have two voices, which determination should ho
final if the debt, damages or things directed to be paid, done or delivered, or matters in dispute should not
exceed the value of 400/. ; but in case the same should exceed the value of 400/., any person or persons who
should think him, her or themselves aggrieved by such judgment, sentence or decree made on such appeal,
shotdd and might, within fourteen days after the same should be entered of record, appeal to his said late
Majesty, his heirs and successors, in Council, (as is usual in cases of appeal from any of the colonies in the
West Indies) upon giving security to ])ay interest (not exceeding the rate of interest which should prevail at
the time of pronouncing such judgment, sentence or decree) for the thing adjudged or decreed to be jmid,
done or delivered, and the costs of such ap|)eal, incase the said judgment, sentence or decree should beathrnud :
And did further will and direct that the judgments, sentences and orders of his said late Majesty, his heirs
and successors, and of the said governor and council, made upon such appeals respectively, should and niiijht
be put in execution by the said mayor's court, in such numner as an original judgment of the said ciiurt
should or might have been, and they the said court were thereby rctiuired nnd commanded to execute the
same accordingly ; and in case the said nmyor's court should refuse or neglect to cause such judgments,
sentences or orders to be executed within fourteen days after application made to ibem for thr.t purpose,
then that it should be lawful for, and the said governor and council were thereby required and commandeil
to execute or cause the same to be executed by such ways and tneans as the said mayor's court might liiwe
used or employed in executing the same: And did further direct and appoint that there should be within
the said town of Freetown a court, wh!rh should he called "The Court of Refjuests for the town of Free-
town, and the factories and settlements thereof;" and for that purpose willed and required the said gover-
nor and council, as soon as conveniently might be after the arrival of the .said charter, to nominate luul
appoint some of the principal inhabitants of the town of F'reetown aforesaid, not more than tweutyfunr
nor fewer than eight, to be commissioners to hear and determine suits in a summary way, under such rules,
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
247
orders and rpgulations as should from time to time be given or sent to them under the hands of the court of
directors of the said company, which commissioners, any three or more of them, should liave full power and
authority to hear and determine all such actions or suits as should be brought before them, where the debt,
duty or matter in dispute should not exceed or be more than the value of 40.«. ; which commissioners so to
be appointed should sit one day in every week from the hour of nine to eleven in the forenoon, or longer if
the business should require, to hear and determine all such causes as should be brought before them not
exceeding the value aforesaid : And did further by the said charter will, ordain and establish that the Go-
vernor and council of the said colony for the time being should be justices of the peace, and have power to
act as justices of the peace in and for the said town of Freetown and throughout tlie said colony of Sierra
Leone, and all the factories and settlements subordinate thereto, in the same or the like maimer, anil with
the Slime or the like powers, as justices of the peace constituted by any commission or letters patent under
the great seal of Great Britain, for any county, city or town corporate in that part of Great Britain called
F.ngland, did or might exercise such office : And did further will atid provide that the said governor and
council for the time being, or any two or more of them, (whereof the governor for the time being, or in his
absence the senior of the council then residing at Sierra Leone, to be one,) should and might hold (|uarter
sessions of the peace four times in the year within the district aforesaid, and should at '\ll times thereafter be
a court of record in the nature of a court of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery, and should from time to time
and at all times thereafter be commissioners of oyer and terminer and gnol delivery for the trying and punish-
ing of all otfenders and offences (high treason only excepted) had, committed or done, or to be had, com-
mitted or done within the said town of Freetown or elsewhere within the said colony of Sierra Leone, and
any of the said factories or settlements subordinate thereto ; and thiit it should and might be lawful to and
for the said justices of the peace and commissioners of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery respectively to
proceed by indictment or by such other ways, and in the same or the like manner, as was used m that part
of Great Britain called England, as near as the condition and the circumstances of the place and inhabitants
would admit of; and for that purpose to issue their warrant or precept to the sherilfof the said district for
the time being, commanding him to summon a convenient number of the principal inhabitants within the
said district to serve and attend as a grand and petty jury at the said court respectively ; and that the said
justices of the peace and commissioners of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery respectively, should and might
administer to them the usual oath taken in England by grand and petty juries, and also administer to the
witnesses who should be produced for or against the party to be tried, a proper oath or alfirmatioii, ip such
manner as they should esteem most bindiii^- on their consciences to oblige them to speak the truth, and that
the said justices and commissioners should and might respectively p-oceed to the arraignment, trial, convic-
tion and punishment of persons accused of any crimes or otfences, (high treason only excepted,) in the same
or the like manner and form, as near as the condition and circumstances of the place and inhabitants would
admit of, as any justices of the peace or commissioners of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery in that part
of Great Britain called England usually and legally do ; and that the said court might assemble and adjourn
at and unto such times and places as they should judge convenient: And did thereby direct that the said
governor should before the council there, or the major part of them, take an oath faithfully to execute the
said offices of governor, justice of the peace, and commissioners of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery,
together with the oath of allegiance, which oaths they were thereby empowered to administer ; and after the
taking such oaths, did thereby authorize the said governor to administer an oath to the council faithlully to
execute the said offices of council, justices of the peace, and commissioners of oyer and terminer and gaol
delivery, together with the oath of allegiance: and did by the said charter further ordain, establish and ap-
point, that when any person should die within the said town o( Freetown or elsewhere within the said colony
of Sierra Leone, or any of the factories or settlements subordinate thereto, and should by his will appoint
any person or persons within the said town or colony, or the factories or settlements aforesaid, to be his exe-
cutor or executors, then and in such case the said mayor's court, upon proof made of the due execution of
the said will, should and the same was thereby authorized and re(|uired to grant probate of the said will
under the seal of the said court, (which seal the said court was authorized by the same to use for that and
other purposes,) whereby the person or persons so named executor or executors should have full power and
ample authority to act as such, as touching the debts and estates of his, her or their testator ; and where
any person should die within the town or factories, or limits thereof, intestate, or not having appointed some
person or persons to be executor or executors residing within the said town, colony, factories, or settlements
that in either of these cases the said mayor's court should, and the same was thereby empowered and re-
quired to grant letters of administration or letter of administration with an authentic copy of the will annexed,
(determinable upon any executor named in such will appearing in court and praying probate thereof,) as touch-
ing the debts and estate of the person dying intestate or not naming such executor as aforesaid that should
be or arise within the limits aforesaid, to such person or persons tiien residing within the jurisdiction of the
said court as should he next o' kin to the person so dying or his residuary legatee, and in case there should
be no such person within the said jurisdiction then to the principal creditor of the person so dying, and for
want of any creditor appearing, then to such other person or persons as should bethought proper by the said
court, every such person or persons to whom auch administration should be granted first giving security by
bond (respect being had to the value of the estate) to the mayor of the said town, with condition in the form
usually given in courts ecclesiastical within that part of Great Britain called England, or as near thereto as
the nature and circumstances of the ease would admit ; and that such person or jiersons to whom administra-
tion should be so granted should and might act in all respects as administrator or administrators touching
the debts, effects and estates of such person or persons to whom he, she or they should take out administra-
tion as aforesaid, which should be or arise within the said limits : And whereas in pursuance and by virtue
and authority of the said letters- patent, such governor and council, mayor's court, and such other courts and
oHieers as are therein mentioned, were fully constituted, elected and appointed within the said colony of
Sierra Leone, and entered upon and thenceforwaid exercised the various jurisdictions and authorities, offices
«»
'if
■.: i
2\A
APPr-.NDIX VI.— AFRICA.
Biid functions rcsppctivply prnnted to and vested in tlicm in and by the said rharter, and divers laws and
statutes and ordinances tit and necessary for and concerning tlie government of the said colony, and not rp.
pusnant to the laws and statutes of this realm, were from time to time n)ade, enacted and declared as well
hy the said poveinor and council as by the said court of directors of the said company, and divers rules and
orders for the better ndininistratioii of justice were also from time to time made by the said mayor's court in
further pursuance of the said charter : And whereas by nn act of parliament passed in the forty-seventh year
of the reipn of his said late Miijesty, intituled, " An Act for trniisferrinf; to his Majesty certain possessiurm
and ri)jhts vested in the Sier'T, I.eone rompany, and for shorteninp; the duration of the said conijiany, and for
]>reventing any (lenlinR or trniru'kin<r in the buyinsr or selling of slaves within the colony of Sierra I.eone,"
reciting the said act of parliaiuent theiein first recited, and in part reciting or mentioning the said letters-
l):iti'nt hereinbefore ref jred ; and further reciting that the said company, convinced of the cxjjediency of relin-
quishing the government and management of the said colony, had expressed a desire to make and luul
humbly entreated his said late Majesty to accept a surrender to his said late Majesty of all the tract or dis.
trict of land granted to them by the said letters-patent or charter of justice, or of which the said coinpany
were possessed, or which they did then enjoy by purchase or otherwise in addition to the said lands so granted
as aforesaid to the said company, and that they were further desirous that their existence as a body politic
and corporate should cease and determine within such period of time, shorter than that limited and deelnnd
in and by the said iirst herein recited statute, as was deemed by the said company suflicient for them in which
to settle their affairs : And whereas, for confirming and giving etfect to such intended surrender and for
limiting the duration of the said comjiany, it was in and by the said now recited act enacted that the said
letters-patent or charter of justice and grant therein mentioned and hereinbefore recited, and every matter,
clause and thing therein contained, shoidd and the same were thereby declared to be henceforth nul and void,
and that the said company shnidd be and they were thereby divested of and from all that tract and district of
land commonly called and known hy the name or description of the Peninsula of Sierra I.eone, and of and IVom
all forts, castles, buildings or estate which had been after purchased or otherwise aetpiired by the said com-
pany in addition thereto, or which then were possessed or claimed by the said company in or about the said
])eninsMla, and l hat the said tract or district of land, and all forts, castles, buildings or estate so jiuri'liased or
otherwise acrp.iircd, possessed, enjoyed or claimed by the said comjiany, should thenceforth be, and the sainp
and {very of rhem were and was thereby declared and enacted to be fully and absolutely vested in his snid
late Majesty, his heirs and successors for ever : And whereas it was in the said act now in recital further cii-
acted, that at the expintion of seven years from and after the passing of the said act the said Sierra l,eoiie
com|)any 'honld cease to be a body politic and corporate to all intents, constructions and purposes whatso-
ever, anything in the said herein first recited act to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding ; provided
always and it was thereby further enacted, that it should not be lawful for any jierson or persons whatsoevf-r
inhabiting or being, or who should at any time thereafter iidiabit or he within the said peninsula or colony of
Sierra I.eone, either directly or indirectly, to deal or traffic in, buy or sell, or to he aiding or assisting in
the dealing or tratlickiug, in the buying or selling of slaves, either within the said |)eninsula or elsewhere : And
whereas, in pursuance of the said act of parliament last recited, the said company did on or about the 'JTrh
day of July, in the forty-eighth year of the reign of his said late Majesty, actually and fully surrender to the
governor for the time being of the said colony, by his said late Majesty in that behalf appointed and autho-
rized, the possession of the said colony or peninsula, tract or district of land, and all forts, castles, huililings
and estate, which by the true intent and meaning of the siiid last recited act of parliament ought to hav(> In-in
so surrendered, and the same were thenceforth in the possession and under the government of his said late
Majesty: And whereas, it being necessary to jirovide for the immediate government and administratinti of
justice within the said colony, his said late Majesty did soon after the passing of the said act transmit in-
structions to the said governor thereof for the time being, directing him to continue in all respects the ad-
ministration of justice, and the inferior government of the said colony, according to the provisions and direc-
tions, powers and authorities contained in the said in jiart recited letters-patent or charter of justice, as if the
same were still ui force ; and the said governor and council, mayor's court and other courts so constituted and
appointed as aforesaid, and the councillors, judges and officers thereof respectively, and other judges and cith-
cers subsequently electid and appointed pursuant to the directions of the said charter, did accordingly con-
tinue to exercise their former jurisdictions, functions and authorities, and divers lu'oceedings as well judicial
as ministerial were had by and before them, and judgments given and decrees or orders made in the said courts,
and wills proved and administrations granted in the said mayor's court pursuant to the provisions of the .-aid
charter; all which acts and jiroceedings. subsequent to the aimulling of the said letters patent or charter of
justice, it was deemed expedient to ratify and confirm : And whereas it was his said late Majesty's royal will
and pleasure, that for the betteradniinistration of justice within the said colony, a chief justice thereof should
from time to time be appointed during pleasure, who should have such jurisdictions and authorities as are
hereinafter mentioned, and who should also be judge of a court of vice-admiralty by his said late Majesty
thci. lately constituted for the said colony, with such jurisdictions as then belonged to courts of vice-ad-
mirnl^y in the West India islands in general, and should be judge also of a court of prize, with such limited
jurisdiction therein as his said late Majesty thought fit to criii\t by his prize commission in that behalf; hut
that in all other respects the laws and constitution of the said colony, and all the judicial and municipal au-
thorities therein, should during his royal .vill and pleasure continue such as they were constituted and ap-
pointed to be hy the said receited letters-patent or charter of justice, or under the authority thereof, as far as
the -said surrender made to his said late Majesty by the said company, and other the changes of circumstances
would allow : And whereas his said late Majesty, in order to provide for the then future government of the said
colony or peninsula of Sierra Leone, and all territories thereon depending in Africa, and for the administration
of justice therein, clid by letters-patent, under the great seal of Great Britain, hearing da'e at Westminster,
the 9th day of August, in the forty ninth year of his reign, direct that the person appointed or to be apjiointed
captain-general or governor-in-chief of the said colony, after the publication of the said letters-patent, should
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
249
in the first plncu take the oatlis appointed to be taken by an act passed in the first year of the roi.Mi of Km;;
George the First, intituled, "An Act lor the further security of iiis Majesty's person and Kuvernnient,
and the succession of the crown in the heirs of tlie late Princess Sophia being Protestants, and for extin-
guishing the hopes of tlie jiretcnded Prince of Wales, and bis open and secret al)Cttors," as altered and ex-
plained by an act passed in the sixth year of his reign, intituled, " An Act for altering the oath of abjuration
and the assurance, and for amending so much of an act of the sevenih year of her late Majesty Queen
Anne, intituled, ' an act for the improvement of the union of the two kingdoms,' as after the time tin rein
limited retpiires the delivery of certain lists and copies therein mentioned to persons indicted of higii treason
or misprision of triason ; " and should alsa make and subscribe the dic.laration mentioned in an act of
parliament made in the twenty-fifth year of the reign of King Charles the second, intituled, " ar\ act for
preventing dangers which may happen from I'opish recusants ;" and should likewise take the oath usually
taken by the governors in his Miijesty's plantations, tor the due execution of the ollice and trust of cajjtain-
general and governor-in- chief in and over the said colony or peninsula of Sierra Leone and the territories
depending thereon, and for the due and imi)artial administration of justice ; and further should take the oath
required to be taken by governors of plantations to do their utmost that the several laws relating to trade
and the plantations he duly observed; which said oaths and declarations the council of the said colony, or
any two members thereof, were thereby empowered and reepiired to tender and administer unto him, and in
his absence to the lieutenant-governor, if any in the place, or if none, to such person to whom the admin-
istration of the government was committed, in manner as thereinafter provided ; which being performed, that
the said governor should administer to the chief justice therein nominated and appointed during pleasure, and
the other members of the council of the said colony, as also tcj the lieutenant-governor, if any in the i)lace,
the oaths mentioned in the first recited act of parliament, altered as above, as also should cause them to make
and subscribe the aforesaid declaration, and administer to them the several oaths t'or the due execution of
their places and trusts ; and did further give and grant unto the said governor full power utul authority from
time to time and at any time thereafter, by himself or by any other to be authorized by him in that behalf, to
administer the oath mention":" in the said lirst recited act, altered as above, to all and every such person or
persons as he sh ■ ' i think fit, who should at any time pass into the said colony of Sierra Leone, or any of
the factories and seulenifcnts within bis government, or should be resident or abiding there; and that the
said governor should have full power and authority to suspend any member of the council of the said colony
from sitting, voting or assisting therein, if he should find just cause for so doing ; and if there should be any
lieutenant governor, him likewise to suspend from the execution of liis command, and to appoint another
in his stead until his said Majesty's pleasure should be known : and did further by the said letters- jialent
ordain, will and direct, that the governor, or in his absence the lieutenant-governor connnander in-
chief for the time being of the said colotiy, together with the council of the said colony, or t'le ma-
jor part thereof, should have full power and authority to make, enact and ordain laws, statutes and or-
dinances for the peace, welfare and good government of the said colony, so as such laws, statutes and or-
dinances were not re|)ugnant to the laws and statutes of this realm, but as near as might be agreeable
thereto : provided that all such laws, statutes and ordinances, of what nature or duration soever, were with-
in six months or sooner after the making thereof transmitted by the governor, lieutenant-governor, or
other commander-in-chief of lu id colony for the tinie being, unto his said late Majesty for his approbation
or disallowance of the same, . s m! )i:;'licates thereof by the next conveyance; and in case all or any of the
said laws, statutes or ordinal)- . :, not betbrc comfirmed by his said late Maj;>sty, should at any time be
disapproved and disallowed by , , late Majesty, his heirs and successors, and it sliould be so signified
under his or their sign manual and signet, or by order of his or their privy couucil, unto the governor,
lieutenant-governor or other commander-in-chief of the said colony for the time being, then that such and
so many of the said laws, statutes and ordinances as should be so disapproved and disallowed, should from
thenceforth cease, determine and become utterly void and of none effect, anything therein or in the said
letters-patent contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding; provided always, that nothing contained
in the said letters patent should authorize or empov>'er the said governor and council to impose any taxes or
duties within the said colony, except such as might thereafter be found necessary for making roads, erecting
and repairing public buildings, or other purposes of local CDiivenienceand cEConomy, and for the interior welfare
of the said colony : provided also, that no law, statute or ordinance, whereby any punishment might be inflicted
greater than a fine or impriso.mient for three months, should be of any force or effect until the same should
receive his said late Majesty's aiiprobatior. : and did by the said letters jiatent further will and establish, that
all laws, statutes and ordinances which then or iniiiiedia'ely prior to the annulling the said letters patent or
charter of justice therein and hereinbefore in great part recited svere in force within the said colony, whether
ororined and made by the said charter, or in execution of any authority thereby granted, or otherwise
howsoever, should be and tontinue of the same force and elfect in the said colony as if the said charter had
not been annulled and made void, except so far as the same related to the territorial or other rights and in-
terests of the said Sierra Leone company, aiut to the government, administration, jurisdiction and authority of
the said companv in and over the said colony, under the said charter, until such laws, statutes and ordinances
should be expressly repealed or varied by some law, statute or ordinance, to be made by the governor, lieut-
enant-governor or commander-in-chief for the time being of the said colony, and the council of the same,
pursuant to the powers vested in them by the letters patent now in recital; and that all judgment, decrees,
sentences, order, probates of wills, grants of letters of administration, and other judicial or ministerial acts and
proceedings, made, passed or had subsetiuent to the annulling of the said charter, and before the publication
of the letters i)atent now in recital in the said colony, should be and be deemed and taken to be of the same
force and validity as if the said charter had not been annulled or repealed, but still continued in force; and did
further ordain, will and direct, that the governor, or in his absence the lieutenant-governor or other com-
inander-in-ebief of the said colony for the time being, and the council of the same, should have, use, exercise
and enjoy all and singular the offices, jurisdictions, powers and authorities within the said colony, which in
2S0
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
and by the said charter therein and herein recited were given and granted to the governor and council which
the court of directors of thi said Sierra Leone company were thereby empowered to constitute and apijoir^t,
save and except as was oth.,-wise directed or provided in and by the said letters patent now in rpcitai. And
did further thereby give, grant and appoint, that there should be within the said town of Freetown a body jiolitic
and corporate, by the name and style of the mayor and alderrnen of Freetown ; and that such body politic and
corporate should consist of a mayor and three aldermen, and should have perpetual succession, and should
and might be able and capable in law to sue and be sued in any courts and causes whatsoever, and should
have a common seal for the business and affairs of the said corporation, which common seal they and their
successors might break and change at their pleasure ; and that the persons bearing the offices of mayor and
aldermen of Freetown at the time of the publication of the letters patent now in recital, by virtue of an
election or appointment made under and by authority of the said annulled charter, though since the same
was annulled, should be and continue respectively mayor and aldermen of Freetown, upon the conditions
and under the limitations contained in the said charter ; and that all the regulations and provisions contained
in the said charter in respect to the annual election of the mayor and the determination of his office, and
that of the aldermen, and the filling up of their places when vacant by death, absence or removal, should be
observed and carried into execution in respect of the said mayor and aldermen constituted by the letters
patent now in recital, as fully as if the same had been therein repeated. And did further will and ordain
that the person bearing the office of sheriff at the publication of the letters patent now in recital, by virtue
of any election or appointment made under and by authority of the said annulled charter, should notwith-
standing retain such office until the time appointed in the said charter for the annual determination of such
office, to act until the 29th day of September then next ensuing, and should then be succeeded by a new
sheriff, to be elected and appointed by the governor and council of the said colony, at the time and in manner
and form as directed by the said charter; and that the governor and council of the said colony should have
the same powers of electing and appointing the sheriff as were in and by the said annulled charter given to
the governor and council appointed by the said Sierra Leone company and its directors ; and did further
direct that the said sheriff so appointed or to be appointed as aforesaid should execute and perform all such
or the like offices and duties, and have, possess and exercise all such or the like powers and authorities, as
the sheriff appointed under the said annulled charter, while the same remained in force. And did further
by the said letters patent will and appoint that the chief justice of the said colony during his continuance
in the said office, and his successors the chief justices of the said colony, should be recorders of Freetown,
and with the mayor and aldermen of Freetown for the time being, should be and they were thereby const!-
tuted a court of record, by the name of " the court of the recorder of Freetown," and that the said court
should have, use and exercise the like jurisdictions, powers and authorities in all respects within the said
colony of Sierra Leone, in like cases, and between the like persons and parties, as might have been had, used
and exercised by the said mayor's court of Freetown, under and by virtue of the said therein and hereinbe-
fore recited charter of justice, while the same remained in full force and virtue, except only where it was
'jtherwise therein expressly declared or provided ; and that the said court of the recorder of Freetown
should also proceed in the same manner and form, and subject to the same rules as to trial by jury and
iitherwise, and to the same remedy or right of appeal, as were in the said therein and hereinbefore recited
charter directed and provided in respect of the said mayor's court of Freetown, except as aforesaid ; and that
all rules oi practice made by the said mayor's court of Freetown, and then or at the time of the annulling of
the said charter remaining in force, should be observed and followed in and by the said court of the recorder
of Freetown, unti oy the authority of that court the same should be varied or repealed: provided always,
and it was thereby further ordained and directed, that the chief justice and recorder should preside in the
said court, which should be held before him and the mayor and aldermen of Freetown for the time being, or
three of them at least, that is to say, either the mayor and two of the said aldermen, or the three aldermen,
except when such chief Justice and recorder was a party to or interested in any suit, action or proceeding
dei'ending in the said court, in which case it was provided that such suit, action or proceeding should be
adjudged, tried and determined by the mayor and aldermen alone, the mayor presiding ; and if two or more
of the said judges should be parties to or interested in any such suit, action or proceeding, then that the
remaining judges of the said court should and might adjudge, try or determine the same, the senior alderman
presiding when the chief justice and recorder, and mayor, should be for the reason aforesaid incompetent to
sit. Provided further, that in case of the death, absence or long incapacity by sickness of the chief justice
and recorder, the governor, lieutenant-governor or other commander-in-chief of the said colony for the time
being, should and might appoint the most competent and proper person within the colony to act as chief
justice and recorder during such absence or incapacity, or ;n the case of death, until a successor should be
appointed by his said late Majesty, and should enter on the duties of the said office, which acting chief justice
and recorder should be competent to preside in the said court, and to exercise all the jurisdictions, offices,
functions and authorities of the said chief justice and recorder, until superseded by his return, or his becom-
ing again capable, or by such new appointment as aforesaid. Provided also, that in case of any difference in
opinion between the judges of the said court, touching the giving of any judgment or sentence, or the de-
cision of any question depending before them, the majority should determine; and further, that when
opinions should be equally divided, the chief justice and recorder, or the judge presiding in his stead, sh luld
have a double or casting voice. And did further direct and appoint, that from and after the publication of
the said letters patent in the said colony at the period thereinafter ajjpointcd, the authority and functions of
the said mayor's court of Freetown should cease and determine, to be thenceforth assumed and exercised by
the said court of the recorder of Freetown ; and that all actions, suits and proceedings then depending in
the said mayor's court of Freetown should be respectively transferred in their then present condition to, and
subsist and depend respectively, and be prosecuted, tried and determined respectively in the said court of the
r^'corder of Freetown, just as if the same had been commenced respectively in the said last-mentioned
court; and that all records, muniments and proceedings whatsoever of or belonging to the said mayor's
—^3
APPRMDTX VI.— AFRICA.
251
court of Freetown, should he delivered over to and deposited with the records of the said court of the recorder
of Freetown ; and that from and after the same period, the said court of the recorder of Freetown sliould
have and exercise such and the same jurisdictions, powers and authorities to grant probates of wills and
letters of administration as were theretofore had and exercised hy the said mayor's courts of Freetown,
pursuant to the said annulled charter. And did further will and appoint, that the governor, lieutenant-
governor or other commander-in-chief, and council, for the time being of the said colony, should nominate
and appoint a proper person to be accountant-general of the said court of the recorder of Freetown, who
should execute and perform the same offices, trusts, matters and things as the accountant-general of the said
mayor's court of Freetown was directed and empowered to excute and perform by the said annulled charter
therein and hereinbefore recited, (save and except as to the direction and controul of the court of directors
of the Sierra Leone company) , subject to the orders of the said court of the recorder of Freetown, and to such
directions in respect to the investment or security of the money belonging to suitors of the said court, and
the securing and accounting for the same, as might be given from time to time by the said governor, lieute-
nant-governor or other commander-in-chief, and council, of the said colony for the time being, or by his said
late Majesty in his privy council. And did further thereby will and establish, that the governor, lieutenant-
governor or other commander-in-chief, and council, of the said colony for the time being, should be, and they
were thereby constituted a court of record to receive, hear and determine appeals from the said court of the
recorder of Freetown, in the like cases, and subject to the like limitations, and rules and directions, as to
their proceeding therein, and subject also to the like right of appeal from their judgment, sentence or decree
to his said late Majesty in his privy council, when the debt, damages or thing or matter in dispute should
exceed the value of 400/., and upon the like condition as to security to be thereupon given by the appellant,
as were in and by the said annulled charter directed and provided in respect of appeals to the gover.nor and
council appointed by the said Sierra Leone company or its directors, and from them to his said late Majesty
in his privy council respectively. And did further thereby ordain, will and establish, that there should be
within the said town of Freetown a court, which should be called " the court of requests for the colony of
Sierra Leone," and which should have and exercise such and the same jurisdiction, power and authority in
all actions and suits brought before them, where the debt, duty or matter in dispute should not exceed the
value of 40*., in the same way, and subject to the same rules and regulations, as were in and by the said
recited letters patent or charter of justice mentioned, contained and provided in respect of the court of
requests thereby constituted. And did further ordain and appoint that the governor, lieutenant-governor
or commander-in-chief, and the members of the council of the said colony for the time being, should be,
and the same were thereby constituted and apointed to be justices of the peace in and for the said town of
Freetown, throughout the said colony of Sierra Leone and all the territories dependent thereon, with all
such and the same jurisdictions, powers and authorities as lawfully could or might be exercised by justices
of the peace duly constituted by his said late Majesty in that part of the United Kingdom called England,
within the county, city or town corporate for which they were so constituted, so far as the laws of this
realm were applicable to and in force in the said colony. And did further ordain, will and establish, that the
chief justice and other members of council of the said colony for the time being (without the governor,
lieutenant-governor or commander in- chief) should and might hold quarter-sessions of the peace four times
in the year within the said colony, and should from time to time and at all times thereafter be commissioners
of Oyer and Terminer and gaol delivery, for the trying of all crimes and misdemeanours had, committed or
done, or to be had, committed or done within the said town of Freetown or elsewhere within the said colony
of Sierra Leone, or any territory dependent thereon ; and that it should and might be lawful to and for the
said justices of the peace and commissioners of Oyer and Terminer and gaol delivery respectively to proceed
by indictment, or by such other ways and means, and in the same or like manner, as were used in that
part of the United Kingdom cailed England, as near as the condition and circumstances of the said colony
and the inhabitants thereof would admit of; and for those purposes ^? issue their warrants or precepts to
the sheriff of the said colony for the time being, commanding hiai to summon a convenient number of the
principal inhabitants within the said colony to serve and attend as grand and petty jurors at the said courts
respectively ; and that the said j\istices of the peace and commissioners of Oyer and Terminer and gaol de-
livery respectively should and might administer to such juror3 the oaths usually taken in England by grand
and petty jurors respectively, and also should and might administer a proper oath or affirmation to the wit-
nessess who should be produced for or against the party accused ; and that the said justices and commis-
sioners should and might respectively proceed to the arraignment, trial, conviction and punishment of persons
accused of any crimes or offences, in the same or the like manner and form, as near as the condition and
circumstances of the place and inhabitants would admit of, as any justices of the peace or commissioners of
Oyer and Terminer and gaol delivery usually and lawfully do within that part of the United Kingdom called
England ; and that the said courts might assemble and adjourn at and to such times and places as they
might adjudge convenient. And did further direct and appoint, that as well the said justices of the peace
and commissioners of Oj-er and Terminer and gaol delivery, as the said chief justice and recorder, and other
judges of the said court of the recorder of Freetown, should prior to their entering upon the execution
of their said respective offices take on oath before the governor, lieutenant-governor, or commander-in-chief,
and council, for the time being, faithfidly to execute their said respective offices, together with the oath of
allegiance, which oaths the said governor, lieutenant-governor, or commander-in chief, and council,
for the time being were thereby emjiowcred to administer. And did further by the said letters-
patent give and grant unto the governor of the said colony for the time being full power and
authority from time to time to constitute and appoint all such officers and ministers as might
be necessary in the said colony for the better administration of justice and putting the laws
in execution, and for whose appointment his said late Majesty had not otherwise therein provided,
and to administer or cause to be administered to them the usual oath or oaths for the due execution of
their respective offices. And did thereby further give and grant unto the said governor full power and au-
i
!
252
API'F.NDIX VI.— AFRICA.
thority, when he should see cause, or should judge any offender or offenders, in criminal matters, or for anv
fines or forfeitures due unto liis said late Majesty, fit objects of his mercy, to pardon all such offenders anil
to remit all such olfences, fines and forfeitures, (treason and wilful murder only excepted,) and that in such
cases he should have power upon extraordinary occasions to grant reprieves to the olfenders, until and tn the
intent that his said late Majesty's pleasure might be known therein. And did further authorize and empower
the said governor to collate any person or persons to any churches, chapels or ecclesiastical benefices within
the said colony, as often as any of them should happen to be void. And did further give and grant unto tlio
said governor, by himself, or by his captains and commanders by him to be a.ithorized.full power and autlui-
rity to levy, arm, muster, command and employ all persons whatsoever residing within the said colony and
the territories dependant thereon, and as occasion should demand to march them from one phice to another,
or to embark them, for the resisting and withstanding of all enemies, pirates and rebels, both at sea and land,
and such enemies, pirates and rebels, if there should be occasion, to pursue and prosecute in or out of tlic
limits of the said colony ; and if it should so [ilease God, them to vanquish, api)rehend, and take, and lieiii"
taken, either according to law to put to death, or to keep and preserve alive, at his discretion ; and to exe-
cute martial law in time of invasion, war, or other times when l.y law it might be executed, and to do and
execute all and every other thing and things which to the captain-general and govemor-in-chiel' of the suiil
colony did or of right should belong ; And did further give and grant unto the said governor full power and
authority, by and with the advice and consent of the suid council, to erect, raise and build in the said culuny
of Sierra Leone, and the territories de()ending thereon, such and so many forts and platforms, castas, cities,
boroughs, towns, and fortifications, as he by the advice aforesaid should judge necessary, and the|same or aiiv
part of them to fortify and furnish with ordnance, ammunition, and all sorts of arms fit and nccessarv (or
the security and defence of the said colony, and by the advice aforesaid, the same again, or any of tlir.n, to
demolish or dismantle, as might be most convenient : And forasmuch as divers mutinies and disorders nii;4lit
hapjien by persons shipped and employed at sea during the time of war, and to the end that such as shonid
be shipped and em|)loyed at sea during the time of war might be better governed and ordered, his said
late Majesty did by the said letters-patent give and grant unto the said governor of the said colony full
power and authority to constitute and appoint captains, lieutenants, masters of ships, and other commanders
and officers, and to grant to such captains, lieutenants, masters of ships, and other commanders and officers,
commissions to execute the law martial during the time of war, according to the directions of an act pas.eii
in the twenty-second year of the reign of his said late Majesty King George the Second, intituled, " An Act
for amending, explaining, and reducing into one Act of Parliament the laws relating to the government uf
His Majesty's ships, vessels, and forces by sea," as the same is altered by an act passed in the nineteenth year
of the reign jf his said late Majesty King George the Third, Our royal father, intituled " An Act to explain
and amend an Act made in the twenty-second year of the reign of his late Majesty King George the
Second, intituled ' An Act for amending, explaining, and reducing into one Act of Parliament the laws rela-
ting to the government of His Majesty's ships, vessels, and forces by sea ;" and to use such proceedings,
authorities, punishments, corrections, upon any offender or offenders who should be mutinous, seditious,
disorderly, or any way unruly, either at sea or during the time of their abode and residence in any of the
ports, harbours or bays of the said colony, as the case should be found to require, according to martial law,
and the said directions during the time of war as aforesaid : provided that ' othing therein contained should
be construed to the enabling of him or of any by his authority, to hold plea or to have any jurisdiction of any
offence, cause, matter or thing committed or done upon the high sea, or within any of the havens, rivers, or
creeks of the said colony and territories under his government, by any captain, lieutenant, commander, mas-
ter, officer, seaman, soldier, or other person whatsoever, who should be in his said late Majesty's actual scr- |
vice and pay, in or on board of any ship of war or other vessel acting by immediate commission or warrant
from the commissioners for executing the office of lord high admiral of the United Kingdom of Great liri-
tain and Ireland, or from the lord high admiral for the time being, under the seal of the admiralty; but tliut
such captain, commander, lieutenant, master, officer, seaman, soldier, or other person so offending should he
left to be proceeded against and tried as their offences should require, either by commission under the great
seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, pursuant to the statute of the twenty-eighth of
Henry the Eighth, or by commission from the said commissioners for executing the office of lord high admi-
ral for the time being, according to the afore-mentioned act, intituled " An Act for amending, explaining,
and reducing into one Act of Parliament the laws relating to the government of his Majesty's ships, vessels,
and forces by sea," as altered and amended by the said act passed m the nineteenth year of the reign of his
said late Majesty, and not otherwise ; provided nevertheless, that all offences and misdemeanors committed
on shore by any captain, commander, lieutenant, master, officer, seaman, soldier, or other person whatso-
ever, belonging to any ship of v.-ar or other vessel acting by immediate commission or warrant from the said
commissioners or lord high admiral for the time being as aforesaid, might be tried and punished according to
the laws of the place where any such offences or niisdenuanors should be so committed on shore, notwitli-
standing such ofienders were m his said late Majesty's actual service, and borne in his pay on board any such
ship of war or other vessels acting by immediate commission or warrant from the said commissioners or lord
high admiral for the time being as aforesaid, so that such ott'ender shiill receive no protection for the avoid-
ing of justice for such offences so committed on shore, from any pretence of his being employed in Ids siud
late Majesty's service at sea: And did further will and appoint that all public monies which should be raised
by any law, statute, or ordinance to be thereafter made within the said colony, should be issued out by war-
rant from the said governor, by and with the advice and consent of the council of the said colony, and dis-
posed of for the purpose directed and appointed by such law, statute, or ordinance, and not otherwise : And
did further give and grant unto the said governor full power and authority, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the said council, to settle and agree with the inhabitants of the said colony for such lands, tenements,
and hereditaments as then were or thereafter should be in his said late Majesty's power to dispose of, and
them to grant to any person or persons, upon such terms, and under such moderate quit-rents, services and
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
2.'i3
Hckno\vlcdi»mentstn be thcrt-npnn reserved unto his sniil Into Mnje-ty, as he the snid governor, by and with
the ndvico nl'oresnid, should think tit ; which siiid grants wito dirocted to pnss mid be scaled by the seal of
the said colony, nnd beinp; entered upon record by such otVicer or olRcors us were or should bo appointed
thereunto, were declared to be good and effectnal in law against his said late Majesty, his heirs and succes.
sors : Provided always, and it was therrlty ord;iined, that no grant, lease, or demise at any time tlieretot'ore
made by or under the authority of the said Sierra lA'oiie Company, prior to the said surrender to his said
late Majesty of their territorial rights and interest in the said colony and its dependencies, purs\iant to the
Act of Parliament aforesaid, whether the same were by deed or writing, or by parole only, should be in any
manner impeached or avoided, hut that the same should be and be taken to be as valid and etfectual, to all
intents and purposes, against his said late Majesty, his heirs, and successors, as if the said surrender pur-
suant to the said Act of Parliament therein and hereinbefore recited had not been made ; and that all such
grants, leases, ar.d demises of lands or tenements within the said colony should be confirmed by the said
governor under the seal of the said colony, if the grantees, lessees, or parties bvneticially interested therein
shoidd apply for and request such confirmations : And did further give and grant unto the said governor full
power and authority to order and appoint fairs, marts, and markets; and also such and so many ports, liar-
l)ours, bays, havens, and other [ilaces for the convenience and security of shipping, atid for the better loail-
ing and unloading of goods and merchandize, in such and so many places as by him, by and with the advice
of the said council, shoidd be thought fit and necessary : and did further recpiire and command all officers
and ministers, civil and military, and all other inhabitants of the said colony and the territories dependent
I'lereon, to be obedient, aiding and assisting unto the said governor, in the execution of the several powers
anil 'utliorities in the said letters patent contained ; and in case of his death or absence out of tlie said
colony and the territories dependent thereon, to be obedient, aiding, and assisting unto such person as should
be appointed by his said late Majesty's lieuteuautgovernor or commander-in-chief of the said colony for
the tinio being, to whom his said late Majesty did by the same give and grant all and singular the
powers and authorities therein granted to the governor of the said colony, to be by him executed
and enjoyed during pleasure, or until the arrival of the governor within the said colony ; and if, upon
the death or ubsence of the governor from the said colony and territorios dependent thereon, there
was no person in the place commissioned by his said Majesty to be lieutenant governor or commander-
in-chief of the said colony, then that the member of council next in seniority to the chief justice
for the time being (to which chief justice his said late Majesty did by the said letters-patent grant
rank and precedency above and before all subjects whomsoever in the said colony, the governor, lieutenant-
governor, or other commauder-in-chief of the said colony for the time being only excepted ; and that the
said chief justice should be a member of council by virtue of his office, and preside therein in the absence of
the governor or lieutenant-governor ; jirovided always, that he should in no case succeed to the chief com-
mand of the said colony), who should be resident within the said colony, should take upon him the adminis-
tration of the government of the said colqjiy, and execute the several ])owers and authorities contained in
the said letters patent until the return of the said governor, if absent from the said colony, or until, in case
of the death of the said governor, his said late Majesty's further pleasure were known therein. And whereas,
by an Act of Parliament made and ])assed in the first and second year of our reign, intituled, " An Act for
abolishing the African Company, and transferring to and vesting in his Majesty all the Forts, Possessions,
and Property now belonging to or held by them," it was, among other things, enacted, that from and after
the 3rd day of July, 1821, the said corporation of the company of merchants trading to Africa should wholly
cease and determine and be abolished, and the said company of inercbants trading to Africa should no longer
be or be deemed to be a body ])olitic or corporate ; and that all grants made to the said company by or under
or in pursuance of certain therein- recited acts of parliament, or any or either of them, or in pursuance of
any thing therein contained, should, and the same were thereby declared to be thenceforth null and void ;
and that the said company should be, and the said company were thereby divested of and from all forts,
castles, buildings, possessions, or estate or rights which were given to the said company by or under or in
pursuatice of the said therein-recited acts, or any or either of them, or which had been since i)urchascd or
otherwise acquired by the said comjiany in addition thereto, or which then were possessed or claimed or held
by the said company on the said coast; and that the said forts, castles, buildings, possessions, estate, and
rights so acquired, jiossessed, enjoyed or claimed, or then held by the said com])any, should thenceforth be,
and the same and every of them were, and were thereby declared and enacted to be fuliy and absolutely
vested in us, our heirs and successors for ever : And whereas it was further enacted in and by the said act
of parliament, that from and after the passing of that act, it should and might be lawful for us to order and
direct that all or any of the forts and possessions therein and hereinbefore mentioned, and also anv terri-
tories, islands, or possessions on the west coast of Africa, between tiie twentieth degree of north lilitude and
the twentieth degree of south latitude, which then did or at any time thereafter should or might belong to
us, should be annexed to or made dependencies on the colony of Sierra I.eone; and that from the date of
their being so annexed or made dependencies on the said colony, they should be subject to all such laws,
statutes, and ordinances as should be in force in the said colony, or should at any time hereafter be made,
enacted, or ordained by the governor and council of the said colony, and should not be disallowed by us, in
the same manner as if the said forts, possessions, territories, or islands bad originally formed part of the said
colony of Sierra Leone : Now know ye, that we, having considered the premises, and being willing and
desirous to provide for the future good government, as well of the said forts and possessions so heretofore
acquired, purchased, enjoyed, claimed, or held by the said African company, as of all and every other the
territories, islands, or possessions on the west coast of Africa, between the twentieth degree of north
latitude and the twentieth degree of south latitude, which now do or at any time hereafter shall or may
belong to us, our heirs, and successors, do by these presents, by virtue and in pursuance of the said recited
act, and of our sjiecial grace, certain knowledge and mere motion, order, direct, and appoint, that all and
every of the said forts and possessions so heretofore acquired, purchased, enjoyed, claimed, or held by the
, I !
264
APPENDIX VI.— AFRICA.
said African company, and also all territories, islands and possessions which now do or at any time here,
after shall or nmy belong to us, our heirs and successors, on the west coast of Africa, between the twentieth
degree of north latitude and the twentieth degree of south latitude, shall be annexed to and made di'|)eti.
dencies on, and the same are hereby annexed to and made dependencies on the said colony of Sierra
Leone ; and that from the publication of these presents in the said colony of Sierra Leone, as hereinafter
directed, the same shall be and they are hereby made subject to all such laws, statutes, and ordinances
as shall be in force in our said colony, or as shall at any time hereafter be made, enacted, or ordained
by the governor and council of the said colony, and shall not be disallowed by us, our heirs, and
successors, in the same manner as if the said forts, possessions, territories, or islands had originally
formed part of the said colony of Sierra Leone : And we do further by these presents, for us, our heirs,
and successors, will, establish, and ordain, that from and after the publication of these presents, there
shall be nine or more councillors advising and assisting to our governor of our said colony of Sierra Leone
for the time bemg : And we do by these presents nominate, make, ordain, and constitute our trusty nnd
■well-beloved Kdward Fitzgerald, our chief justice, or our chief justice of our said colony for the time being ;
our trusty and well-beloved Daniel Molloy Hamilton, our advocate, or our advocate of our said colony for
the time being; our trusty and well-beloved Dudley Feriduy, our secretary, or our secretary of our said
colony for the time being ; our trusty and well-beloved Thomas Stuart Buckle, our surveyor of lands, or our
surveyor of lands of our said colony for the time being ; our trusty and well-beloved Kenneth Macaulay,
esquire, our trusty and well-beloved Alexander Grant, esquire, our trusty and well-beloved Joseph Reffcll,
esquire, our trusty and well-beloved John O'Neill Walsh, es(|uire, our trusty and well-beloved Thaddeus
O'Meara, esquire, our trusty and well-beloved Andrew Nicoll, doctor of medicine, our trusty and well-beloved
John Hope Smith, esquire, and our trusty and well-beloved William Dawson, esquire, thenceforth councillors
of our said colony, to continue in their said office of councillors during their natural lives, unless sus-pended
from their said office of councillors during their natural lives, unless suspended from their said office, or
absent from the said colony for the space of one year without leave given them under our royal signature, or
until other councillors shall be chosen and appointed by us, under our signet and sign manual, in their stcnd :
And we do further hereby give and grant to our said governor full power and authority to suspend any of
the members of our said council from sitting, voting, or assisting therein, if he shall find just cause for so
doing ; and if it shall at any time happen, that by the death, departure out of our said colony, or suspension
of our said councillurs, or otherwise, there shall be a vacancy in our said council (any five whereof we do
hereby appoint to be a quorum), our will and pleasure is that our said governor do signify the same unto us
by the tirst opportunity, that we may, under our signet and sign manual, constitute and appoint others in
their stead ; but, that our atfairs at that distance may not suffer from want of a due number of councillors,
if ever it shall happen that there be less than nine of them residing in our said colony, we do hereby
give and grant unto our said governor full power and authority to choose as many persons out of the
principal inhabitants thereof as shall make up the full number of our council to be nine, and no more;
which persons so chosen and appointed by him shall be to all intents and purposes councillors in our
said colony, until either they shall be confirmed by us, or that, by the nomination of others by us under
our sign manual and signet, our said council shall have nine or more councillors in it resident in our said
colony ; and we do further by these presents, ordain, will, and appoint, that our governor of our said colony,
or in his absence, our lieutenant-governor or commander-in-chief for the time being of our said colony toge-
ther with our council of the same, or the major part thereof, shall have full power and authority to make,
constitute, and ordain laws, statutes, and ordinances for the public welfare and good government of our
said colony, under the like conditions, and subject to the same limitations and restrictions, as those imposed in
that behalf on the governor and council of our said colony in the letters patent of his said late Majesty here-
inbefore recited ; but, to the end that nothing may be done or passed to the prejudice of us, our heirs, and
successors, by our said council, we further ordain by these presents, that our governor of our said colony, or
in his absence, our lieutenant-governor or commander-in-chief for the time being, may and shall have
a negative voice in the making and passing of all laws, statutes, and ordinances as aforesaid : and we do further
by these presents will, ordain, and appoint, that from and after the publication of these presents in our
said colony of Sierra Leone, as hereinafter directed, our court of record in our sa'd colony, called and known
by the name of " the court of the recorder of Freetown," shall consist of our chief justice of the said colony
for the time being, and two such members of the council as shall be apjointed by the governor of our said
colony for the time being assistant judges thereof, in lieu of the mayor and aldermen of Freetown for the time
being, as ordained and appointed in and by the letters patent of his said late Majesty hereinbefore recited :
and we do hereby will and ordain, that they or any two of them (whereof our said chief justice for the
time being resident in Freetown to be one), shall, and the same are hereby authorized to hear and determine
all civil suits, actions, and pleas between party and party that shall or may arise or happen, or that have
already arisen or happened within our said colony of Sierra Leone, or any of the forts, settlements, islands,
or territories subject or subordinate thereto, except when the cause of action or suit shall not exceed the
value of 40i. : provided always, and it is hereby further ordained and directed, that if such chief justice and
recorder, or any of the said assistant judges, should be any ways interested in the event of any such
action or suit, no such chief justice and recorder or assistant judge, shall sit or act as a judge in such
suit or action, but the same shall be heard and determined by such of them as shall be no ways interested
therein ; and in all cases where the number of voices shall be equal in the determination of any action or
suit, the chief justice, or in his absence the senior assistant judge present, shall have two voices: and
we do further direct, that the said court of the recorder of Freetown hereby constituted shall proceed in the
same manner and form, and subject to the same rules as to trial by jury and otherwise, and to the same
remedy and right of appeal, as were in and by the said letters patent hereinbefore recited, directed, and pio-
vided in respect of the court of the recorder of Freetown, constituted by such letters patent; and that all
rules of practice made by the one court, and now or at the time of the publication of these presents remain-
APPF.Nnix VI.— Arnic'A.
••..^
\y time here-
:he twentieth
niaile ili'iaMi-
jny of Sii-rra
ft!) hurcinafttT
id ordinanct'3
, or ordained
ur heirs, and
lad originally
U3, our heirs,
resents, there
' Sierra Leone
Dur trusty luid
le time being ;
(id colony for
ry of our said
)f lands, or our
leth Macaulny,
Joseph Reffell,
Dved Thaddeus
id wcU-heloved
)rth councillors
ilcss sui-pended
r said office, or
;al signature, or
, in their stend :
suspend any of
ust cause for so
f, or suspension
i whereof we do
le same unto us
ipoint others in
r of councillors,
■we do hereby
•sons out of the
e, and no more ;
mncillors in our
;rs by us under
[dent in our said
our said colony,
jaid colony toge-
[thority to make,
ernment of our
those imposed in
te Majesty here-
our heirs, and
r said colony, or
and shall have
id we do further
presents in our
died and known
the said colony
•nor of our said
,wn for the time
ibefore recited :
justice for the
and determine
in, or that have
ements, islands,
[not exceed the
Vhief justice and
[it of any such
k judge in such
kvays interested
If any action or
•0 voices: and
proceed in the
[nd to the same
■ccted, and pio-
• ; and that all
[resents remain-
ing in force, shall be observed and followed in and by the other, until by the authority of that other in
same he varied or repealed : and we do further will nnil direct, that no action, cause, suit, or pmceediii';
depending in the said court of the recorder of Freetown at the publication of these presents, shall be
avoided, abated, discontinued, or annulled for or by reason of any change in the constitution of the said ccuirt
effected by these presents, but that the snmi' shall be respectively trnu'-ferred in their then pre>-ent coiiditiou
to, and subsist and depend respectively, and be prosecuted, tried, and determined respietively, in the saiil
court of the recorder of Freetown hereby constituted and established to all intents and purposes as if they
had been respectively first commenced, had, bought, and prosecuted in the saiil 1: st-mentioned court : and
we do further will ?nd direct, that each person so nominated or appointed one of the assistant jud^ires of
the said court of the recorder of Freetown as aforesaid, shall, prior to the entering upon the execution
of his said office, take an oath before the governor, lieutenant-governor, or other commander-in-chief for
the time being, for the due discharge of the same, which oath the said governor, lieutei\iinl -governor,
or commander-in-chief for the time being, is hereby empowered to administer: and we do turther by these
presents will and establish, that our said governor, liiMiteiuint governor, or other eonimander-in-ehief, and
council, of our said colony for the time being shall be, ancl they are hereby constituted a court (jf record to
receive, hear, and determine appinis from as well the !:ai(l court of the reconirr of Fieefown, as from any
other superior court of common law now established or to be in future established in our said colony pursuant
to these presents, in the like cases, and subject to the like liinitati(Uis, rules, and directions as to their pro-
ceedings therein, and subject also to the like right ofappinl from their judsrment, sentence ir decne, to us
in our privy co\incil, when the debt, damages, or things, or matter in dispute shall exceed the value of 400/.,
and upon the like condition as to the security to be thereupon giv(n by the (ippilhint, as were in and by the
said letters |)atent hereinbefore recited, directed, and (irovided in res|lec^ <d npp( '»ls to the governor and
council of the said t dony, and from them to his said late Alnjesty in bis priNV conneil respeclivdy : provided
always, and it is hereby (U'dnined, that no such member or n\enibers ol our said council as shall be nt that
time judge or judges of the court from which such appeal shall be made, shall he entitled or perinitti'd to vote
upon such appeal; provided also, that no appeal be allowed from my sentence, order, or decree of our
courts of chancery of our said colony, to us or our privy council, unless the debt, daumge, or thing or matter
in dispute, shall exceed the like sum or value of 400/. sterling ; and that such appellant do also give good
security that he will ell'ectunlly prosecute such appeal, and answer the condemnation money, and pay also such
costs and damages as shall be by us awarded in case such sentince, (uder or decree so ajipealed from be
adirmed : provided nevertheless, and our further will and pleasure is, that when the matter in rptestion relates
to the taking or demanding of any duty ])nyable to us, or to any fee of ollicc or aniuial rent, or other such
like matter or thing, where the right in future may be bound, in all such cases an iippeal inay he had f'nmi the
judgment of our said goverimr and co\mcil as aforesaid, or from the sentence, order, or decree of oiu' court
of chancery of our said colony, to us in our privy coniicil, th(>u^'h the inunediati' sum or value appealed for
be of a less amount than 40(1/. sterling : and our further ))leasure is, and we do hereby dir-ct and ajipoint,
that our said governor shall and may keep ami use the i)ublic seal of our said colony of Sierra I.eone for seal-
in? all instruments whatsoever that do and ought to pass the great seal of our said colony ui\der bis said
government : and whereas writs of inrjniry of idiots and hinatics may and ought to issue out of our court of
chancery in our said colony, and be returnable in our said court, and great trouble and charges mr\y arise
if occasion be to resort unto us, our heirs and successors, for directions respecting such idicjts and lunatics,
nnd their estates, we do by these presents give and grant unto our said governor full power and authority to
Ejive orders and warrants from time to time for jjreparing grants of the custodies of such idiots and lunatics
and their estates, as are or shall be found by in(|uisition thereof, taken or to be taken, and n turned ( r to bo
returned into our said court of chancery of our said colony, ami thereupon to make aixl pass grants and
commitments under our great seal of our said colony, of the custodies of all and every such idiots and lunatics
and their estates, to such ))erson or persons, suitors in that behalf as accordiTig to the rules of law, and the
use and practice in those and the like cases, he shall judge meet for that trust ; the said grants and comrriit-
ments to be made in such manner and form, or as nearly as may be, as hath heretofore been used and accus-
tomed in making the same under the great seal of this kingdom, and to contain such and tlie like apt and
convenient covenants, conditions, and agreements on the part of the committees and grantees to be ])er-
formed, and such security to he by them given, as shall be rc(|uisiir- and needtul : and we do fur'^her by these
presents order, direct, and establish, that from and after the expiration of three months from tht- publication of
these presents hereinafter directed, the authority of the court of rerpiests for the colony of Sierra Leone,
for the recovery of small debts within the said colony, as constituted by the letters patent of his said late
Majesty hereinbefore recited, shall cease and be abolished : and we do by these jiresents authorize and re-
quire our said governor, by and with the advice and concurrence of our said council, prior to the expiration
thereof to nominate and a|)point certain justices or others commissioners in and for particular districts, u]ion
whom the authority of the said court thenceforward to cease and be abolished in and throughout the said
colony as aforesaid may regularly devolve ; and that the said justices or other commissioners may and shall
proceed to the hearing and determining of all matters of debt or damage under 40.v. value, in the same or
the like manner and form, as near as circumstances will admit of, as any commissioners of rcrpiests usually
and lawfully do within that part of our united kingdom called England ; and that such commissioners
shall assemble at such times and places as our said governor, with the advice and concurrence of our council
as aforesaid, shall from time to time appoint: and we do further hereby direct and establish, that from and
after the publication of these presents, our governor, lieutenant-governor, or commander-in-chief for the
time being of our said colony, shall and may do, execute, and perform all that is necessary for the granting
of licences for marriages, as also for the probate of wills and granting of administrations for, touching or
concerning any interest or estate which any person or persons shall have within our said colony or its de-
pendencies, in such or the like manner and form as our governors, lieutenant-governors, or other com-
manders-in-chief of our provinces in America, are u.sed and authorized to do, execute, and perform the same:
/; /.■
!l
. !
Erirt
M'PI'NDIX VI.— AFRICA.
And our further will and plensurp in, th.it I'lotn thcncoforth such jurisdirtion*, powers, and nuthoritirn m
wt'ii' givi II to till- court of the recorder of hrtttown iirorcsiuid, mid to the siiid mnyor ol !■ rcitowti, in uiid hv
the siiid IcttcrH piitcDt lu'rcmhclorL" recited, in ri'Hpect to griintH of probiites of wills and letters of luliuiiiis-
tintion, shnll cease and deteiinine ; but we do nevertheless will and ordain, that no prolmtes issuul or letters
of adniiiiistrntion grunted in the sold court pursuant to the provisions of the said letters patent, prior to
the publication of these presents, bIiuII be impeached or avoided by the cessation of the authority and
functions of the said court in the premises, but that the same shall, and the same are lu riby ordained to re-
main in ns full force and etl'ect as if the said court still possessed the powers and niithoiities to j,'rant pro-
bates of wills and letters of adiiilnistrution conft rrcd upon it by tlie said letters patent : And we do furtlier
by the^e presents give and grant unto our said governor full power and authority, with the advice and con-
suit of our said council, to erect and constitute judicatories and courts of record, or other courts, to be lielil
of us, our heirs and successors, for the luaring and determining all and all manner of causes, as well crimi-
nal as civil, arising or happening within our said colony, or between persons inhabiting or residiiif; there : as
al-o to issue from time to time special commissions of oyer and tcrniiner and gaol delivery, limited to the
districts and crimes or misiiemeonors speiil'.ed in such commissions, and fur the awarding and inaKing out
execution theieupon ; to which courts ami judicatories we do lieieby give and grant lull power and au-
thority Iroin time to time to administer oat lis for thi? better discovery of truth in any matter in controversy
or depending before them, together with all other reasonable and necessary powers, authorities, fees, anil
pi ivileges belonging thereto : And we do hereby further give and grunt unto our said governor lull powir
and authority to constitute and appoint judges, and in cases requisite, commissioners of oyer and tennimr,
justices of the peace, and other necessary ollicers and ministers in and througb our said colony, fur the betur
administiotion of justice and putting the laws in execution, and to administer or cause to he administered to
then) their several and respective oaths for the due and laitht'ul pcrforniaiice of their duties in iheir seveiiil
and res|)ettive ollices, before undertaking the execution of the same; provided iicvertlu'lt ss, and he It tintlur
orilained, that no election or appointment of any sheriti' or other idlicer or minister, pursuniit to these pre-
sents, shall or shall be deemed or construed to alter or abridge the power and right of the sherilf of our saiil
colony, appointed pursuant to the letters patent hereinbetore recited, to summon juries, or to execute and
make return of all processes and the like, of the said court of the recorder of l'"rcetown, or of ony other
courts erected or to be erected within that tract or district known by the namt! of the peninsula of Sierra
Leone, bounded as aforesaid : And in case of the death, absence, or removal of our lieutenant-governor of
our said colony, we do further by these presents authorize and empower our governor of our said colony,
being at the time of such appointment personally resident within our said colony, to nominate and ap|ioiiit
any person resident within our s,uid colony, whom he shall judge the most proper and fitting, to be uiir
lieutenant-governor thereof, until our pleasure thereupon shall be known ; provided it shall appear to our
said governor that the administration of the government of our said colony, by the member of our said
council next in seniority to the chief justice thereof for the time being, may not tend to the good of our
service and the welfare of our said colony : And we do further ordain, will, and establish, that within thirty
days alter these presents shall arrive within our said colony of iSierra l.eone, our governor, lieutenant-gu-
vcrnor, or other comiimii(ier-in chief of our said colony for the time being shall cause these our letters
patent to he published and proclaimed, and the contents thereof to be publicly known within the said colony,
and that from and immediately after such publication the same shall be in full force and eticct within our
said colony : providid always, and we do hereby reserve unto ourself, our heirs and successors, full power
and authority to revoke, vary, alter, annul, and make void these presents, and every or any clause, matter,
or thing herein contained, and to make such new, other, or further ordinances and appointments lor tl:
government of our said colony, and for the administration of justice within the same, as to us, our lieiis j
and successors, in that behalf shall seem meet ; And we do lastly by these i)resents, for us, our heirs and ]
successors, direct and ap| oint that our governor of our said colony of Sierra Leone, and his successors tlioi
governors thereof, during our royal will and pleasure, may and shall have and exercise the several powers]
and authorities given and granted to them by these presents, together with and superadded to the se\eiMlf
powers and authorities conferred on the governor of the suid colony by the letters patent of his late M.ije.-ty
King George the Third, our dearest father, hereinbefore recited; and that the constitution and laws ol our |
said colony of Sierra Leone, and all judicial and municipal authorities therein, shall for the preseii!: and
during our royal will and pleasure, continue such as they were constituted and appointed to he liy the suiiil
letters patent of his said late Majesty, or under the authority thereof, so far as the i)o.ssessioiis liereiolo
held by the African company, and also the territories belonging to us, our heirs and successors, on the wi >tl
coast of Africa, between the twentieth degree of north latitude and the twentieth degree of Soiiili latitiKir,
being annexed by these presents to our said colony of Sierra Leone, and other changes of circunibtanes wru-i
in our said colony, whether conserpient upon the same or howsoever accruing, will permit, and save al^
and except as the same are altered by these presents. In witness, &c., witness, &c., the 1 7th day oi
October.
By Writ of Privy Seal.
Examined with the record in the Petty Bag office in the Court of Chancery, the 2i^nd day of April, 18,'i4. |
J. BENTALL.
MAURITIUS.— CHARTER OF JUSTICE.
At the Court at St. James's, the lath of April, 18;il ; present, the Klnp's Most Excellent Majesty In cnnnr".. Wlicrcaj
it is necessary to make provision for the better ailniiiiistratioii ot justice in liis M ijesty's is;aii<l <ii WiiiiiiHiis ari)
its rtcpeiK.eiicics, his Majesty ilotli llicrelorc, liy unil witli the ailviec of his privy eoiiiicil. milir. ami it i^ lnU'.
ordered, that liis Mnjeslj's siiprcn.e couit cf civil and eriminal justice witliin the said colony, cidl il lii|
Cour d'Appel, shall hcncclorth be hulileii by and before three judges only, an>l no niorc; and that the ■ lilct
seiuor judge of the said court >liall heiicclorth hear the title of chief judge and first president; and that the siennd ol ilij
said judges shall heuecforth be called and bear tlie title of vice-presideut ; and that the third uf the said jiu;
APPF.NniX VI— AFRICA.
2:. 7
thoritirn m
I, ill iinil l)y
of HlllllilUH-
d or IttiiTR
•nt, prior to
itliovity mill
luiiicd to re-
urulil |ito-
ff do I'urtlii'r
it'i; and ton-
.8, to bi! lull!
IS wi\l crimi-
ng thuri' ; ns
iuiitrtl to till'
1 iiuiKiiiK out
owcr niul nu-
ll controversy
tifs, tees, and
uir lull powi r
mid teniiiiKr,
lur till; bi'ttir
liidiiiiilerLd to
II iluir si'vi'iid
d lie It liiitliiT
t to tlii'sc \n\'-
rilV of our said
to I'Xccuti' aiul
jr of any otln r
iiMiln of Sii rra
lilt- governor of
mr said colony,
lite and aii|)oiiit
tting, to In.' our
11 appoar to our
l)cr of our viiid
the good of om-
it within thirty
:, liiHitenant-gu-
hcsc our letters
the said coluiiy,
tVect within our
3Sors, full powir
clause, niattir,
iitiiients tor tlu;
to us, our heiis
,, our heirs and |
s sutcessovs tlio
seveinl powers I
id to the sexivull
his late Miiji>ty
and laws nl our I
the presenV. audi
he by the suiilj
sions heriMolorel
ors, on the wc >t|
f South latitiiiU'
unistanes witii-
lit, and save aUi
;ie 17th day o|
ly Seal.
1 of April, l*»;i-l.
TALI,.
fconnr'".. IVlicroai
Miiiiritiiis
iiiiil it i^- li''ii'''l
hloiiy, OiilU'il li'l
lliat tho cliii'l
tlu' si'CdiKl el 'J
[f the said j'ulfc*
idinll lionreforth >>o onllrcl niul hrnr Hip title of niiiilHtnnt-Jiidirc of the «nl(l rniirt ; And it is further nrdctid, tliaf liN Mn.
Ji'»ty'i< roiirt In tliPRRliI inlnml, cnlleil ttie Triliiiniil do Pri-mlori" In^rancr, xlmll lii'nn'fortli lir holrtiMi l>y mid tirfnri', nnd
«h«ll roimlHt of tine l<idK<', to lie culled the president of the nnld trilmnnl, «n ' meother Juditc, to he culled a Jiidjfe »iii>-
I'luiint • nnd It I1 fnrtliinirdered, that In cime nny jiiilKe of either of tlir "iild conrtx Hhcmld, hy reason of hmv KiK'h 'nwfni
rennnltoii UK lirreliMifter mentioned, or hy •leknest, iih«eiife, "iKpenslon, reslvnalion, or nnv other cause, be iinahle to
perform Hie dnflei of mieh hU nfflee, if "hall he liiwdil fi't the Kovermr nf the snid colony to romplete the nnniher of
Jiirtires of snrh ciHirt, hv iipp"iiit|nK> In his Mnlcty'" nnme nnd on his hehnlf, ••oiiie proper person to net ns nnd ho K
jiidire of mich court dnrlxi? "neh vaenney, or iiiitll his Mnjestv's pleHsiire shnll he known: and it Id herehv fnither
ordered, that if in nny eilndiwil ease the law which is now nr liereaffer slmll he in force within tlie siild isUnil and It*
dependencies, shall require the presence In either of the snid trihiiiiRls of » if renter nnniher of Jiidies timii are hereln-
hefore nientloneil, then ami In every such c««e it ■■hnll he liiwfMl for the Roveriior of the snid colony, in his Mnjextv'*
nnine nnd on his hrhnlf, to iippiiint snch an ndillllonjil immhi-r of jiidifCH for any such special occasion ns may he neeen-
sary to complete the whole niindier nl JihIkcs so re>|iiireil liy law; hut nil nppolitnu'nts which may he so mailo shall
endure Niiliin); only as n\av he necessary to iirovide for any sncli cmerifency, nnd «lnill he renewed from time to I'nie uh
(ic<n"-lon may require : nnd win rens on the i;th day of Fehriiary, IHitii, tlie Kovernor of the snid ishinil of Miiiirltliis,
with the advice of the council ol government thereof, made an ordinance, hearlnir date on (he day and vear last afore,
said. Intituled " an ordinan.^e h)r the estnlillildnn of n court composed of his excellenrv, to JuiIkc certain prists 11 pnrtle
et reeiisntionfl," directed airaiiistthe court of appeni " In lid^ colony :" now. It Is fiirilier orilereil that the snid ordinance
shall he, and the rame Is herehy conflrmcd nnil nllowed, nnd thnt nny reciisnfion which may hereafter he made of nny
Judite of either of the snid trihunals, shnll lie heard, tried, adludired, nnd detcrmlred in the manner provided hy tho
said ordinance, nnd not otherwise 1 and It is hereliy further ordered, tliat all nnd every the powers, autliorlties, nnd
jiirisdieilons heretofore veste<l in the judirts of the snlil trlliiiruds ie»peetively, or in a luiijority of them, shall eontinuo
and lie vc ted in the Jud)res lierelnhefore luentlnnert or In the miijorlty of theiu : provided nevertheless, and it is fiittlier
(irdered, that in all en«es in wliielitlie court of vice adnilriilty of the said I'olony linth Jurisdiction, wlielher liv virtue of
nny act nf parlinmeiit nr hy virtue of the comndsslon nf the judire of the salil court, such Jurisdiction "h.ill ho exclusive,
anil that It shnll not he cninpetenl for tlie "aid eour cl'nppcl or for the snid trihunal de prendcre lusMnceto hear, decide,
or take eoirnl/niiee of any snch case ■, and that if. In am suit or nction or other proceedln!; di peiiilin^ in the snid eour
d'appel nr ill tlio ^ald trihiinnl lie ipremliie iiistnnce, It shnll he made to appear that the {[iiestion arisinit in any such
Hcti<iii, suit, orptoceediiiir Is within the jurisdiction or I'ompetencv of the snid cniirf of vice adudrally, then and In every
snch case the said trihunal de pri iiiiere instance or the snhl cnur il'appcl, as the ease luav he, shnll declare Itself Incom-
petent : anil it is furtlier ordered that tlie otflce of i;rand Jndire, coiumissnire ilc Justice of the snid Isliind of Mauritius,
is nnd shnll In' aholished ; and It is further ordered, Ihat In all civil rases depending hcfore the snid cour d'appcl or the
fald trihunal do premiire instance, the prociueur (reneral of the s«iii islmid, or his suhstltiites, nrc and shall he relieved
friiin the duty lierctnfore liicuuiheiit 011 them of niakini; their conclusions for the assistnnee of the snid trlliiinais ; nnd
ills further i rdercl no juiiire of the sniil cnur d'appel, northcjiidKe of the snid tri'iuiinl de premiere Instance, nor the
suppleent of the said trlhiinnl, nor tlic procureiir-cenernl of the said Island, nor the advocate. u;onernl thereof, nor lli«
juilire of Ihe court of vice. ailmiriilty, nor any siirro);nte of such ju'lire, shnll he the owner of any slave, nor he the pro-
prietor of nor have any share or interest in any land eultivnted liy the lahmir of slaves, either ilireclly or hy nny person
or persniH ns a trustee or trustees for him i ami each of tlie said several oftieers Im herehy declared incompetent to he or
act as the niaimirer, overseer, atrent, or attorney of, for, or upon any plantation or estate within the said island 01 lis
ilependeticies : provided nevertheless, that nothlni; herein ciiiitaini'd shall prevent any such oflieer as aloresaid Iroiii
liinnir lor and employinir in the domestic service of himself, or anv meuiliers of his family, anv iinmhrr of si ives. If it
hhnll he first niaile to nppcnr hv such oflieer, to the sntistnction of the (rovernor of the said i-land, th.it it Is iiot in his
power to hire (ree persons to pertorm such doniestic services : nnd it is further ordered, tlint there shall he in the town
of I'lirt l.ouis in the snid islnnd, a peMt court, to he holden hy a sinrle Juice, to he calleil the ji^'-i' de pnlx of the said
town, for the decision of all civil causes of small amount arisin^r within the said Islnnd, and for the tilnl of all crimes
and oflfencis of a low dcfffee committed therein, nnd that from the Jud^'iueiits, sentences, and orders of the said petit
court, no appeal shall lie to any other trihunal or judire in tlie said islaiui or elsewhere ; and that there shall also he in
Biiv one <ir more of the dependencies of the Mntititius, which the K' vernorof the saiil island, with the advice of the
cnuncil of coverniuent thereof, may select a petit court, to he hidleii in like manner hy a single judBo, to he called tho
jaee de palx of such depeiidency, for the decisinn cf all civil ea-cs of small aiiiouiit arisiiuf tlierein, and for tlie trial of
all crimes and offinces of a low deprrce which may he there conuiiitted j aed that the iroveinor of Mauritius, with ino
advice and consent of the council of trovernment of the said |s|nii<l, shall, hy any ordinances to he from time for that
purpose made, define, and limit the extent nf the jurisdiction, hi'lh civil and criminal, of any sueli petit eouit, and fix
and regulate the lorms of iiroceedinir, the rules of practice, and the nature of the process to he ohservvd therein respec-
tively : anil it is herehy further ordered, that it shall and niav he lawful t<ir any person or persons, beint; a party or
parties to any civil suit or action depcndiii); In the snid cour d'appel of the said islnnd of Mauritius, to appeal to his Ma-
ji'sty in council, his lieiis and successors, or his or their privy council, njiniiist any final JudKUU'iit, sentence, or decree
of tiie said court, or neainst any rule or order made ill any such civil suit or action hnviiiK the effect of a final ordcHiii-
tive sentence, and which appeals shall ho made suhject to the rules, rci<;ulatioiis, and limitations followinii; ; tiint is tt)
say, in case any such Judnjment, decree, order, or sentence shnll he t-iveu or pronounced lor or in respect of any sum
or matter at issue above the amount or value of l.iino/. stcrliiip, or 111 case sucli Jud^'iuent, decree, order, or sentence
shnll involve, directly or indirectly, any claim, lUinnnd, cr qiustiiui to or resi..ctin(f propertv, or any civil riu;ht,
iniiiiuntiiif; to the vnliie of l,cMiii/. sterliii,;, or in ca-e the snnie shall effect the rii;ht or alleged ilcht of any person to
Iriedom, the |ierson or iiersons feelinir aiririieved hy any suvh Jiid^'ni'Mit, decree, order, or sentence ol the snid cour
il'iippel, may within fiurtcen days next ntter the same shall have heen made, pronounced, ortfiven, apply to the said
ciuir d'appcl by petition, fur leave to appeal therefrom to his Mnjesty, his lieirs, and successors, or his or their privy
cniiiicil ; and in case such leave to appeal shall he prayed hy the party or parties who is or arc diiectcd to pay any sum
of nioney, or perforiu any duty, the said cour d'appcl shall and is hereby empowered either to direct tliat the judifment,
decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall he carried into cxeciiliou, or to cli'ect that theexccutiiui thereof sliall he
suspended pending!; the said appeal, as to the said court may in each ease appear the most consistent with real and sub-
stantial justice ; and in case tlie said cour d'appel shall direct such judtrment, decree, order, or sentence to be carried
info excution, the person or persons in whose favour the same shall he ijivcn shall before the execution thereof enter
Into Kood and sufticient security, to be approved hy the said court, lor the due performance of such jud(;nient or order
HI Ills Majesty, his heirs, and successors, shall think fit to make thereupon ; or in case the said cour d'appel shnll direct
llie execution of any such Judgment, decree, order, or sentence to ho suspended peiidiu); any such appeal, the person or
Kr.-ons against whom tho same shall have been Kiven shall in like manner, and before any order for tho suspension of
any such execution is made, enter into |;ooil and sufficient securily, to he approved by the said court, for the due per.
Iiirnianceof such judjrmrnt or order as his Majesty, his heirs, and .successors shall tliii \ fit to make thereupon ; and it
IS liirlhcr ordered, t hat in all cases security shall also be ;;lven by tlic party or parties api ellant, to the satisfaction of the
mul court, for the prosecution of the appeal, and for the payment of all such costs ns may be awarded by hi;; Majesty,
his heirs, and successors, to the party or parlies respondent -, and if such Inst mentioned security shall bo entered into
within three months from the date of such (letitinn for leave to apiienl, then, and not otherwise, the said cour d'appel
sliall allow the appeal, and the party or parties appellant shall be at liberty to prefer and piose. ate his, her, or their
[ a^iral to his Majesty, his heirs, and successors, in his or their privy council, in such manner and under such rules as
lie observed in aiipeals made ti his .Mnjo; ty in council from ii:s plantations and colonies ; provided nevertheless, and it
i ii further declared and ordered, thnt iiothiiijf herein contained shall extend or be construed to extend to take away,
Uimiaish, or dero>;ate from the undniibtcd p.iwci and authority of his Majesty, his heirs, aud successors, in his or Iheir
piivy council, and upon the liumMe petition at nny time of any persiii or persons aggrieved by any judgment or deter-
I miiiation of the said cour d'appel, to admit bis, her, or tlieir appeal theitfrom upon such other terms, and upon and
lulijcct to such other limitatiuiis, restrictions, aud rei;ulutiuur<, a:: Ids Majesty, hid heirs, aud successors, shall ia any
4
j;
•2!>H
AIM'KNDIX VII.— KUIIOPE.
■nrh ipcrtiil rn*e tliink At In prctcrllie I itnti It l< fiirDirr nrilcml, timt In nil CH«r* if appaal allnwril bjr the tBliI > ,Mir
il'KpppI, or liy hl« Mnlmty, hi* lirlm, rkiI p>iirrc*i>iir«, tliu tnlil cniirt kIhiII crrtirjr iiimI trHiiHinlt to hi* Majcuty, til» hrli«,
■nil •iiiTOMnrii, III liU ><r tlirlr privy roiinrll, n tiiin anil exact rnpy of nil |irnrri'iiliiirit, iiiilKnii'iita, ilrrrcpx, nnil nriliTH
hnil or rmili', mil of nil cvlilnii'it rri'flvi'il or ulvrn In hiil'Ii rnii*i>< no npiJi'iilt'il, mi tnr ii« llir Hnnii> linvo ri>liit|oii in ii,„
nmltcr of uiipi'iil I niii'li copU'i to lir riTtini'il iiiiili'r (liti ami of lliu haIiI riiiirt ; nnil ir la tiirltiir oriliri-il tlutt tin' >ikii|
riiiir il'iipiK I rliiill III II I I'll- la iif ii|i;iriil to IiIh M!i|i'iity, IiIm hi'lm, iinil ^iiri'i'tmirH, i''<nli>rni to miil rxrriilu "iivlijiiilKini'iilit
•ml nrili'r* nnlili Mujoi-ly, IiIh lirlr«, niiil niicri'-'Hiirii klinll tliink Hi to iiiuke tlirri'ln. In micli hiiiI tlu> Hiiinr mniini'r ni
niiy luilKmriil, cliTirr, or iinlvr ol tin- hiiIiI roiir irnpin'l riinlil or tiilKlit liitvo lu-fii ixrciiti'il. Anil tliii Itlulit lliiiiiiitriiblu
the i.iiril Vlncount (iodvrlch, ono of Ills MaJcKty'ii principal ■rcruturlri uf itnto,Uto kIvu Ilia ncueiiary Ulrucllona liereln
ncvoriliiiKly'
R R.— Trade between Great tirltntn nnil
of (looil
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APPENDIX VII.— EUROPE.
A,— CONSTITUTIONAI. CHART OF THE UNITED STATES OF THE IONIAN ISLANDS.
Ratified by iH» Royal Highnena the Prince Regent, in the name and on the behalf of IHh Majeaty, 'Idth August, IHI7.
Chapter I. — ({cerai Organixution.
Article 1. Tlie Uni\c<I States of the Ionian lsl;inils arc comp iscil of Corfu, Coplmlonia, Zanto, Santa Maura, Itlmc.i,
Ceri^o, and Paxo, una the other Kmaller islai'iis bitiiatcil akin^' the coaKt of Albania and the Murea, which liirnKrly
beloiiKCil to the Venetia.i dominions.
■2. The scat of the ei.-^nral Kovcrnir.Lnt of the United States of the Ionian Islands is declared to be permanently
li.tcd in the capital of the Island n» ''"riu.
a. The established reli|;inn of these States is the oithodox (ireck religion ; but all other forms of the Christian rcli- i
tfion shall be prott'ctcd as licreinafter stated.
4. The established language of these .States is the Greek, and in cnnscqiience it is hereby declared to be an article of
primary importance, that the language of the nation should bt come, as soon as possible, that in wliieli ah the rcconls of
government should be held, all process ot law alone conducted, and, i.i fact, tlic sole recognised language fur oflicial I
proceedings within these States.
.1, It being impossible, licwever, from the circumstances of the case to carry the above principle into immciliato I
efi'ect, the whole bnsinessof the country having been hitlierto conducted principally in the Italian language, it isonlained, J
that during the flist parliament the Italian shall be the language in whirl; all public business is to becondurtcrti.'^uvi' und I
except in the instances of the minor courts of law, where it may be .'uilge.l expedient by the government tu iiitroiliicL'|
the native language, with a view to its cncoiitageineiit and general proi;;-.j;atiou.
APl'KNDIX VII.— EUROPE.
M9
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icnts.l
n. with a fnrthrr »lc\» nt once to pncnnrnirr llio iiropHiratlon of thr UntcunKcii of tho profcotlnu- nnil protocfi'il slntn*,
hli lilKlini'M thii pri'Mdciit of tlin Keniilo hIiiiII lir IkiiiikI, witlilii nix ilayn Hftcr tlir flmt nu'ctliitf n( piirll.tnii>nt, In hi'iiiI
down til llii' IfKlnlHtivc nmi'iiilily a /ii'»/'>'/ of a law, tn he therein (llnfiisntil, rclatlvf to how fur li nmy he po«iillile to
rxtrnil the native laiiicimife tci otlier ilepiirtnieiitH, or to the wliolo of the Koveniiiieiit ; anil It In to be elnirly iiinlerittiind,
that whenever a law U lumheil, ili't'lniliiti: the (ireek laiiKiiiiKe to bo the nole otnclitl luiiiriiiiire, that the only other lanKUHKO
that ean he niuilu ii«e of In eo|iluH or otlierwlne. In that nf the proteetlnt; power, viz. the KiikHiIi.
7, 'l'h« civil Kovernmoiit In thcac Htiiten nhnll bu conipuned of a IckUIuIIvu aiineiiihly, of n nenatp, and of a Juillelal
authority.
H. I he nillltary command In these Stntcn belnff placetl, by tho treaty of Pari*, In tho handi of hU Mi^oity't com-
mander- In-elilef, It remulnit with him.
U. The U-Klslatlvo auombly ahull bo elected, In maitncr and form hcrvlnafti r laid down, from tho body of tho noble
electors.
10. The HCiiaturR uliall be elected out of tho body of the leKlnlatlvo naseinbly, In manner and form as may hereinafter
1)0 directed.
11. The juillelal authority ►linll bo selected by the senate. In ninnrrr and form as hIiiiII hereinafter bo directed.
I!l. Tliese eleetliiiis, and all other civil appointments, shall bu valid fur tho puriod uf five yeiirs, uxcupt as mny be
hereinafter provlileil for.
1:1. At the explrntliin of five years nil n|ipolntii<ents of rliflit fall to the irroinul, and the new election of the new
IPIcNIative assenilily hIiuII take pliiee on the ilay of the exiilrition of the term of Hvo years i but hit hlitlinets the prenl.
dent of the senate and the scnntiirs, the ret;entH of tho liieul governments, tno Jiii.Kes, toicether with nil the mlnlKterlal
olflcers III the various departmentii, shall eoiitlniie to exercise their duties ; the first, till replaeed by the new senate anil
president ; the seeond, till relieved by thu new regents ; the Judges and ministerial ofDcerH, till removed or re-nppolntetl
by the proper authority.
II. When tho leKlsliitlve assembly holds a scssinn at the scat of uovcrnment, the civil authority shall ho termed the
I'arllumeiit of the United States of tho Ionian IslaiiiN j and sucli scs.sion, being the first, shall be termed the flrst session
uf the first parliament.
IS, i ho second imrllament and tho Hiihspqiient sessions shall bo styled numerically In the same manner.
Id. All acts of the leifi'tlative assembly, of the senate, and generally of all the departments of Koverninent, shall ho
reirlstercd accordini; to the parliament and session in which they may have been enacted, or otherwise carried Into
effect.
17. During the first parliament an annual session shall take place, of right, the first day of every March, and shall
continue in activity for three months ; but such session may be prolonged beyond the said three months in the event of
necessity, for a peiiod to be declared by the senate and approved of by his excellency the lord higli commlssionur of tho
protecting sovereign.
IH. In every subse(|uent parliament a session shall take place, of right, on the first dr.y of March in every two years,
and shall eonttnuc in activity for tho same iicrlod as Htitted in tiie preceding article.
19. The power of assembling ami proroguing parliament on itii emergency shall bo vpst"il in his pxcellency the lord
high commissinner of the protecting sovereign ; but piiriiamcnt cannot be prorugiied for u ■(/ ger space than six mor , s.
'20. The power of dissolving parliament, on any special emergency, shall be solely vestei' n Wis .Tajesty by an on .•«•
In council.
21. On parliament being prorogued, the . essinn of tho legislative assembly forthwith cea' cs for t; . pcrloi'. ..f proro-
gation i and all hills and acts of every kind, not completely curried througli parliament, sliall .'all to the groiint*,.
•2'2. When the pailinmcnt Is dissolved, all bills and acts of every kiud, not completely carried thron -h, fall .tally to
the ground.
•23. The public instruction of youth being one of the most Important points connected with (he prosper'*" r.nd hap-
piness of any state, and It being of the utmost importniiee, both to the morals and religion of tin country, tli . its pastors
In particular should receive a liberal anil aile(|iiate education, it is hereby declared to he a primary duty immeiliutely
after the meeting of parliament, suhsciiuent to the ratiflcatloii of this constitutional chart by his Majesty the protecting
sovereign, that measures should bi^ adopted by the parliament for the institution in the tir-<t place of primary schi 1 ,
and subsequently for the establlshnicut of a college for thu dtfTereut branches of science, of literature, and of the flue a. *.
Vhdiiter II.— The Sendtf.
Serliuit I. — Oftiertil.
Article I. The expcutlve power in the United States of tho Ionian Islands shall be vested in a seun^c composed of six
persons, viz. five members and a president.
•2. The style and title of the president shall he Ills Highness the President of the Senate of the United States of the
Ionian Islands i that of the other senators, the Most llliistrlnus (Prentdnlin.iimti).
3. His highness the president of the senate of the United States of the Ionian Island . shall take rank ^f all other
persons bemg natural born subjncts of the Inniaii states ) the most illustrious thu senators jiiail take rank nc.\t the pre-
sident, save and except aa may be hereinafter provided.
4. It is agreed upon and declared, that his highness the president of the senate of t.ic United States of the Ionian
Islands, shall at all times enjoy thu same military lionoiirs as his excellency the lord higl commissioner ol protecting
sovereign j and that the most illustrious thu senators shall receive those of a major-general.
m
n
Si'clioH H.—Murie of Elertion,
Article 1. The nomination of his highness the president of the senate of the United States of the Ionian Islands is
^^ conceded to his Majesty the protecting sovereign, through the medium of his Icrd h'gh commlssionur, hu being a natural
lis. ^H born noble subject of the Ionian States.
2. Tho most Illustrious thu senators shall be elected by the members, and 01 ' if the body of the legislative assembly,
liii;iist, IHI7. ^1 in the proportion and manner following : — Islund of Corfu, one } Island of Ceph:au!ii.t, one ; Island of Zante, one ; Island
of Santa Maura, one -, Islands of Paxo, Ithnca, and Cerigo, one.
3. The power of placing any individual of the legislative assembly in nomUiution a senator, to be voted on by the
^^ members of tlic legislative assembly, shall be vested in the most illustrious thu pre^ii > i that assembly, under tho
|a Maura, Itlmcn, ^H fullowing restrictions :
which formerly ^| 1st.— He shall place no person in nomination to be voted on, where an applicatio-A n,is not been made to him In
^^ writing, signed at least by four members of that body and himself, demanding such nomination.
I be permanently ^H 2ndly.— He shall place In nomination any person wlierc eight members of the said assembly make a similar deiiumd,
I ^H and upon the member.^ so nominated, tlic legislative assembly sli.ill proceed to vote, I'l'mi mcf, and the raiijorlty
lo Christian roll- ^| of votes taken down in writing by tlie secretaries, shall decide tlie clue! ; the most Illustrious president of
^^ the legislative assembly, or. In his absence or Indisposition, tho membe '. .xt cutiug his functions, having, lu the
,j be an article of ^H event of equality of votes, the casting vote.
all tlie renirds of ^H 4. 'i-he most illustrious the senators shall be elected within three da, a tl.e farthest after the first meeting of the
fur official ^B legislative assembly, the election taking place in the following rotation, viz. :— Itt. Corfu ; 2nd. Ccphaloma ; 3rd. Zante j
^^ 4th. Santa Maura j .'ith. Ithaca, Curigo, and Paxo.
into inunertiato ^M •,, Within twenty-four hours subsequent to the eleetlnn of a senator for any island or islands, the same shall be
te, it isoriliiiiH'cl, ^H transmitted by the most illustrious the president of thv; leglsi..uvc asaciubly to his excellency the lord hi^h commissioner
fdiictert, snvi' mil ^H of the protecting sovereign, who shall, within twenty-four hours, transmit to the legislative assembly, tlirou^h the means
lent to introiiiice ^^ of the most illustrious the president, ••ither his approbation or his direct negative to such election.
6. In the event of his excellency the lord high commissioner of thu protecting sovereign approving of the election,
the senator so elected shall be the senator for thu island or islands lor which he is chosen. In the event of a nei^ativc from
260
APPENDIX VII.— EUROPE.
hiR excellency the lord hluh commissioner of the iirntectlng sovereign, the election shall fall to the (rronnrt j anil tlic
ltTi*'littivc BsBcmhly shall forthwith proceed to the election of another memhcr of their own body, in manner and fom
as already iiresorlboil
". On tills new election taklnff ii'aeo, it shall apain he transniitfod to his exrcllcncy the lord lil^h commissioner of
the H'otectln)? suvcreiifn for his u|i|irnhution or neirative, and In the event of his a);nin sendin); down to the lep-lsliitive
BM^eni'ily liU ne|fHtive, the eleetinn shall fnll tn the irround ; anil in tins event, his excelleney the liiijli eiMnmissinner nf
the protcrlinK soverelirn slmll tiansmit, within twenty four liniirs, the niinies (>f tvn mernliers iif the leijislntive assemlilv
helonitini; to the island or islands lor wlileh the eleelion Is to take pliu-e, when the legislative assembly shall eleet, hy
B majority of voles, inie of the said two members i and this eloetlon shall he final.
H. The most illnstrions the members of the senate shall remain in ofllec five years; his liipbness the president of
the Semite half that period. Hut it shall be competent for his excellency the lord hiirh commissioner of the proteetini;
KovereiKO either to name another, or to re-uppoint the same person for a second period of the same duration, save and
except as may liereafter be provided.
Srrliiin III.—MitdeofProrreiUngand Powers.
Article I. The six dlstlnpnished persons composinp the senate shall decide every question hroupht before them by a
majority of votes i and In the event ot an equality of votes, bis hiirbness the president shall have the casting vote.
•i. The initiative In the senate shall be vested alone in his highness the presiduit. Hut each senator shall be per.
mitted verbally, and onee only in the same session of pHrlinment, to propose to the senate any /(nyV/ on any subject,
with the view tliiil his bitrbiiess tlic president may submit the said priiji't to be discussed by the senate.
;t. Ill the event of bis hichiiess the presiilent deelininp to submit the said /'cycMo the senate, the senator in tliut
case, who oriffinally proposeil it, may submit it in writing, provided, in addition to bis own name, sueli proposal is signed
hy another senator, anil tlie proposition in this form shall be transmitted by his hlBlincivs the president to his excelleney
the lord biirh commissioner of the protectin)!: soverli;n,and if approved by him, it shall be, without any alteration wluit.
ever, submitted to the discussbui of the senate. In the usual manner, by his hiphncss the president. If disapproved nf
by his excellency the lord hi^h commissioner, it shall fall to the i;round.
4. In the event of the indisposition or necessary absence of his hicrhness the president of the senate ot the United
States of the Ionian Isbinds, his excellency the lord iii(,'b cimnnissioner shall rmnie one of the other senators to exeeute
the functions of president till bis hiirbncss's return or recovery, and the senator so named for tlie time, shall be stiled
the most illustrious the viee-iiresident.
,^. In the event of the indispositiim or absence of any most illustrious member of the senate. It shall possess the
power of appointing, for the time, one of the legislative assembly then at Corfu, to execute his functions till his recovery
or return— s\ieh appointment beinp subjeet to the same aflirinatlve or necativc, on the part of his exeelleney the Imd
liitrb commissioner of the proteetint; sovereiirn, and to the same proeeedin(c in every way as in the iiistiince of the orici-
nal election of senators; and in the event of his excellency the lord hijrii cmuniissimier nominatiii); a temporary presi.
dent, as state<l in the pieeedio); article, the place of the senator so named shall be filled, /iru tfin/inrf, in a siniiliir
manner.
(). In the event of the death of his highness the president of the senate of the t'nited States of the Ionian Islands,
his excelleney the lord lii(;h commissioner of the protecting 8oveicii;u shall be houiul, within three days to mmiinate a
new president of the same.
7. In the event of the death of any of the most illustrious the senators, if the parliament he sittinir at the time. It
fthall proceed within three days, to the election of a new senator, in the manner heretofore directed. II the parliniiieiit
be not sittinir, the senate shall proceed forthwith to appoint a senator /im Iniipun; till the next nieetim; of parlianient,
in the manner directed iu Article 5, and at the said next meeting of parliament, the election of the new senator sliidl
take place.
«. The senate shall possess the rlRbt to name Its own ministerial olTicets, with the exception as shall be hereinafter
stated, and shall divide itself into three depattments, viz. ; 1st, (ieneral ; vd, i'lditieal ; Hd, Kinance.
9. The first departmint shall consist of bis hiirbness the presidei't and one of the said nu'iiibers. The second and
third, (if two members each : to each of these departments sin, II be attacheil a secretary : the secretaries in tlie poliijiid
and finance departments being native born sulijects of the Ionian Slates, lint the apiiointmeut of the secretary in tlie
general department is reserved for the nomination of his excellency the loril bit;h commibsioner of the proteetiiif; siivc
rei{;n, anil such secretary may he either a natural born Hritish or ioiiinn subject.
in. The distinct duties of the three departments sliall be as follows :
The general department shall rep;ulate nil the lucessary and minute details relative to the ireneral administration of
the government, wliich either may be so mii.i 'e as not to re<iuire the immediate attention of the senate in its collective
body, or may ileinand immediate execution.
Tlie political and finaneial departments slmll in like manner possess similar powers ; but no act of any de|iaitiiu'nt
Khali be lield ultimately valid till approved of by the senate in its collective ea|iaeitv ; and all acts shall be submitted tn
the senate iu that capacity the first meeting alter such acts shall have been adopted i)y any of the departments ; nor sliiill
any such acts of the senate be held valid, unless the proceedings be signed by tiic secretary of the dep<irtiuent to wliicii
it belongs, and the secretary of the general department.
11. The daily proceedings of the senate, ill its collective capacity, shall be transmitted, through the secretary of the
genernl department, to his exeelleney tiie lord high connnissioner of tlie protcetiiiL' sovereign, for his iiiformalioii ; ami
all papers and reports submitted to the senate are to be daily transmitted, in a similar manner, and through the saiue
cliaiiiiel. to his excellency the lord high commissioner.
12. The senate, although possessing the power of naming its own ministerial ofticers, with the exeeptiou of the
secretary to the general deiiartment, shall preseirt, within tliree days after its formation, to the legislative assemlilv, a cor-
rect list of all its ministerial oftieers, together with the proposed salaries attached to each, for the consideration, in pnint of
iinmliers and nmoniit of salary, of that assembly.subject to the approbation <d' his lixccllency the Lord High Comnussioncr
of tlie protecting sovereign.
Nor shall tlie senate possess the authority, subscipient to this list being approved of, and placed upon the gener.d civil
list, of altering or increasing it, save and except in the instance and under the provishuis hereinafter stated.
l:l. The seiuite sliall possess the power of nominating to all the situations under the general government ; the regents
to the ditt'erent hical governments, the judges in all the islands, and generally to all situations, except merely nnmiei|Kil
ones, under file reslriclions and reservations liereinafler stated.
II. The senate shall possess the authority of proposing any Law to the coi^ ideration of the legislative assembly, and
such law, so transmitted by the senate, shall be received and taken into cimsideratioii accordingly, williin the period licniii-
afler stated : and any ho. sent down by the senate to be considered by the legislative assentbly, if agreed to in that asscnilily
by a majority of .>.;. ., shall lu' considered as a law, if it meets with tlie approbation hereinafter stated on the jiait of his
exeelleney tlie lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign, or is not subsequemly cancelled by an order of his .Ma-
jesty in eouneil.
1.'). The senate shall ixissesa the power, after a bill has pa.sscd the legislative assembly, of pittting a direct negative on
the said bill, staling its reasons for so doing, ami liansuiitting them wilhiu three days to the legislative a.ssend)ly ; when
such act, so passed, shall fall to the ground, nor can it be again introduced in the same .session.
id. During the recess of parliament tlie senate shall possess the power of making regulatii.i.s, having, prii ti-mjmrr,
the force of laws ; but no siieb regulations shall be vidid without the approbation of his excellency the lord high commiMMicr;
and ail such temporary regidations shall be submitted, the first day of the ensuing session, to the legislative assemlilv for
its eonsiiieridion. It approied of in tliat assembly, tlii'y shall be eonsiilered as the law from tlie date of their pr^ielainatiuii ;
if disapproved of. in manner anil lorni as hereinafter staled, they siiall fall to the grimnil : but the acts done under lliciii,
ill the interveiiiiig space. Iietweeii the time w hen they were originally issued by the senate and tlie disapproval of the legis-
lative assembly, shall be held valid.
i;. The senate sliull possess the power of establisiiing rulcb aiid rei^ulutioiis for the giiiUauce of ita owu proceedings, pre-
APPENDIX VII — KiniOPK.
2r,l
all be hereinafter
1 tlU" gl'tltTill civil
krocecdinp*! pro-
vlilpd stioli nilos nml rrpnlation"" mppt with tlic Rnm-tion of his pxci'lloiicy tlu> luril hiirh pnmmlssinnor of the jirotPctiiiK »o-
\ tTi'ij;!!, mill ilo iiiit iiitcrlcrt' witii tho pnivisions of tin- nmstitiitiDiial flinrt, or witli tin.' I'stulilislu'il livw of ttip laiiil.
CHAPTER 111.— '/////^' /,rfri.il,ilirr Axsrmlili/.
S rli:in I. — tli'iiiTiil,
Ailiclc 1. — The leifislativc assembly of the United Ktntcs of the Ionian islands-shall consist of forty mpniliors, iiu-liidin);
the piesiiloiit.
•-'. Till' most illustrious tlii' prosidrnt of tlicli irislative assembly shall enjoy the honours uf a senator : the style and title
of the nieniliors shall be " most noble." ( S'li/iili.ssiini. )
Sertiiin If.—Moileofl'Ifrliiin. \_
Article I. On the niectinir of n new |mrlinnieiit, the iircsiilcnt of the prinmri' cnnncil shall he president of the loKislative
•assembly, till tlie new seniite i-i t'oinu'd, and till tlic future president oftlie leirisl.dive nssemlily lie dieted.
'-'. Tins elii'tion shall take pliiec the d ly niter that of tlie senators is eomiileli'd. aiiil the rules liid down in chapter 'J,
section y, relative to the electi^>n of senators, shall in all instances apply to the election of tlie president.
:l. The most noble the forty members of tlie le;;;islative assendily shall be eoiniiosed of eleven intcfjral members, and
twenty-nine to he elected.
I. The eleven intct;ral members shall, in tlie instance of parliament dyiiiR a natural death (that is, In all usual cases
where it runs its full term of five years) consist of the president and members of the old senate, of the four reijents of the
Kreat islands duriuK: the late parliament, and uf one of the regents of the smaller islands, talien in the followinj; rotation,
viz. Itliactt, ('critro, I'a.xo.
.'i. In the instance of a dissolution of imrliament, the primary council shall uniformly consist of the iircsidcnt and mem-
bers of the old senate, and live oftlie late le);islative assembly, to be named by his exceiliMicy the lord liicli coiumissioner of
the protcetiiiKsovcreiirn, within tliree days of tlie period when the dissidntion of the parliament takes pliu'c.
d. Tlie most noble the tw ty-iiine members to be elected shall be furnished from llic v u ions islands in the followina:
proportions, vi/.—t'orfu 7; t'eplmlonia ; ; ZaiUe 7 ; .Santa .Maura l ; Itliica 1 ; (criu'o I ; I'lxol. Hut each of the tliicj
last, in the rotation in whicli they stand iexclusive of that island whose reRcnt beeimies an integral member of the leijislativo
iissemlily, shall elect a sccouil.
7. The most noble the members of the lejiislative assendiy to be eleeteil by the \arions islands, shall be elected out of
tbe body ol tlie syiielit.e of the i..| ui I ;i) which Mirh cKcti m may bcliiuir.
H. The election by the syiiclita- shall be made on a diaible list, funned and tran-mitted to tliciu to vote on in niauner
followintr : — This double list shall be made by the mciubers of the new iirimary conned, and in the inslaiice of parli innnt
dyiiif; a natural death, with a view to prevent any possibility of delay some of the mcniliris of tbe new prim iry cnnncil,
viz. the five rejreiits beiiit; ■absent from the seat of urovernnieot , its fiiTictions npnn tlii-. head ^hall comincii.-e si\ montiis
antecedent to the death of the parliament, in order that the most illii--iriiMis re^;vllls ol the dii)eniit islands may have lull
time to correspond with the senate on the subject ; and the mode el s 'i,'cliii(; the names for sneli double list shall he by a
majority of votes ol the new primary e(nnieil.
•1. On the double list beiuK completed, the president of tlie comic ' - ail triinsmit a copy of the said lists, siijned by
himself, to the most illustrious the rcir<'nts of the ilill'creut inlands, >o ;•. - • arrive at the island to which they may belonjr, at
least foiiiteen days antecedent to the death of parliament, and upon the-e lists the retrent oftlie island shall prneecd.
10. Whereas in article l:i, chapter 1, inovi-ion is made lor the time of the new elections lakiiii; place upon the natural
death of parliament, but no provision is made relative to the lime of election mi tlie dissulutinii c« parliament : on any such
emer^jreney, the new elections shall take place the lorticth day alter the proclamation for the said dissolution, and the new
primary council shall send down, witliiii si.\ days alter such dissolir.ioii, tlie said doulile lists to the retjeiits oftlie cliiicreiit
islands to iiroceed upon.
I I. .N'otwitlistandiinr a rt.xed day is appointed, whether in the instance oftlie death or dissolution of parliament, for the
new elections to take place, yet as it may be iiiipossible, from the uuided situations oftlie Stales, to furesee the aeeiilents
that may prevent the arrival of the mandate of the president of tlie primary eoiineil, inclosing the double lists, williiii tlie
period stated in the aiitcecdcnt articles, it is to he iiiidersto(>d, that, in tlic event ol such accident ocenrrinn:, the elections in
the said island or islands shall take place within five days alter the mandate oftlie president oftlie primary council arrives,
and that all such elections shall be held let;iU and valid, us if they had been luude on the iluys stated in tlie foresoini; elau.ses
upon that head.
I'J. Whether the parliament dies a natural death or he dissolved, in either instance the new leirislativo a.ssemhly shall
meet at the seat of government within twenty days alter the day of its election, ami as much sooner as eircumslaiiccs will
admit, whicli will he signified by mandate Inuu his hi^lnu-s the prcsideniof the .senate of the fiiited States of the Ionian
islands, eoniininiicated at the time, be. In b'r.-. ipiahty ol pre iiiciit of tlu' primary eonneil, traiisniils the <luuMe lists.
l;i. Whereas in cliaptcr'J, section •.', article ■.', pr'vlsion is made, that the senators shall be eUeted out of the body oftlie
leirislntive lusseinldy, and whereas such I'lectiim vacates I he, -eats of thenienibers chosen i>i the lcu"islitive assembly ; whereas
also the appointment ol reirent vacates the sect of any leuishiture ; and whereas death or resitriuuioii, IVoin a variety of cir-
eiunstanecs, may alsn oec.i-lcn a vacancy or viicancies in the legislative body : in all and every such instance, the president
of 11 e primary eonneil ■hall, in manner before l.iild'nvn, within six da\s of such vacancy or vacaiieies l'(•enrrin^r, issue a
mandate to the ret;cnt i.f the Island to which such vacancy heloii;;s, toirctbcr with a double list, dircetliii,- him to I'all an e\-
tiaordinary meeting; of the synclltie to lill up the vacancy in the legislative assembly, and such meetiiijf shall he called within
six days alter the receipt of such mandate.
U. Whereas in the aniccedeiit article, the offices and eircumstances arc generally detailed which may cause a vacancy
In the leK:lslative assembly, and wliere.is sncli vacancy, if it happens to a memlu'r tliercof. w ill also create one in the primary
coinicll : upon all and every such occi-ion bis excellency the lord lii'-ch eouiinissioncr oftlie piuteclinu'soveiei^'ii shall with-
in three days of such \acaney, nominate another mcinber or members of the le;;islative a.ssciiibly as niemher ol the primary
eonneil.
I.'). Althonjvh, from tlie moment oftlie lueetinir of the letrislative assemldy, there is no distinction in the powers and
authority of the iiite;;ral nienibers thereof, and tliose elected by the ditlerent islands, yet the power of issuini.'- mandiites in
all eases that may occur hereafter of viicancies of every kind ^lhon^,-ll not hereinbefore mciilioiieiP in the letrislative body,
and ol making the ilouhle lists for the el ctl.ins, shall be excliisivch, and in every iu.staiiee, vested in the eleven iiitcj^r.il
iiieiiiliers, beinc the iirimarv council, thronnh the mediinn of their president.
Id. On all occasions of inip'Tlance or emeit,'ency in wliich the lenlsl,itivc assembly may wish to hold personal confer-
ence with the senate, or Willi his i xi'ellency the lord hiu'li eoiiimissioner oftlie proleetini; sovcieiiru, or cicc I'crs-i, the com-
mittee ol tlie said let:islative assembly for conihiclint; such coiilereiice, shall uniformly consist of the said (irlmary council.
17. Whereas the ease may occur, that his hltthness the new president of the senate of the llnited States of the Ionian
islaiuis, may be the president, or a ineinbc" oftlie primary eonneil, on all such occasions his exeellcney the lord lii;:h com-
missioner of the prolcctinif soverciirn shall be hound, within three days, to nominate a new president of the said primary
council itself, and a new member for the said eonneil out of the letrislative assembly.
IH. The orttanizatioii of the synclita', or iiohie electors of these states, as declared in the constitution oflHilM, sh ill be
iiiaiiitained and eontirmed, save and exceiit a.s it may be hereafti r cliauged or ameUorated, by any law passeil in retrard to
it, or as hereinafter may be enacli'd.
in. The most ilUislrloiis the retcent of each island dhall be, upon all occasions, the president of tlip syiielita-, and shall
direct the proei'ediii!;s tliercof, assisted by the secri'tary of the local jrovermneut, and the ailvneate Fiscal, as hisas.-essors.
-ii. The said 111, isl i'll'i.-tr'.'iis the regents and the assessors .-hall annuall;/ Jhey ^ivlnj: public notice of the sami'' cor-
ri'ct the lists i>f the synelilie of the various islands, slrikinu; olVlioiii siieli lists those who may have lost their <|iialirtcatlon,
mill adniittiiii,' those who may pindiicc s.vtislaotoiy proof ol Ikmii;: in possession of the due ipmlincalion ; and siicii lists, when
eorri'cted, shall be uniiormly triuismitted to the senate, luiteceUenl to tlie tirst of Oelolier ill every )ear, lor its eoiilir-
nmtiou.
]*
262
APPRNDIX VII.— EUROPE.
21. Tlio nhovr-montioncd lists, so cnnllrnicd or corrected shall he sent hack from the senate to the most illustrious tln'
rcKCnts of the ditlorent islands, and tliey shall he the Usts upon wijich nil elections in the ensuinir year shall he made, and no
person, whatever his iiimlitieations may he, whose name does not appear on the said lists, sliall have any rijrht of votintr.
Ti. In the instance of all elcetions, whether ireneral on the iLsi^emliUnif of n new parliament, or partieidar durinir aiiv
parliament, tlie veritie ition of siieli elections slinll i)e made hy tlie recent and liis assessors of the island where they mav have
tal<en place, an oath, and sliall lie transmitted fortliwith to the jjresiilent of the leijislative asscml)ly, with a certitieate on
oath, sijfticd l)y them, that the |)erson or /.ursons elected liad a leual majority of votes.
•i.\. Tlie nnniher of the synclitic necessary to form a lethal meetim? of tlie same, sliall bo one half of the whole nnniher in
the island where .such mcitint; is liehl, and all proccedinjfs relative to elections shall he decided hy the majority of votes
given, rii'ii ruci'.
•24. Sliould a ease occur, under any circnmstanees, where, after due public notice ha.s been (riven, the meeting of the
synclit V does not amount to the lej^al numlier rei|uire(l, viz. one lialf, the most illustrious the rcurent will forthwith adjourn
tlie said meetiiitf, and (jivea fresh public notice of a new meetini; of the syncUta;, to he held three days afterwards ; and it at
Kueli second meetinjf, the number of electors airaiii does not amount to the lo(cal number, in such event the retrent sliall
fortliwith put a close to the said second meetiiiK-. and transmit to his hitrhne-s the iiresident of the senate, without the
smallest delay, the double lists originally transmitted to the recent by the primary council ; and the senate sliall prcceed,
within two days after tlie r(^cei|)t of such double lists to elect, out of the lists sent up, the member or members to be noiui.'
nated for the letfislative asscmldy.
•sr>. Tlie election made liy the senate, under the circumstances stated in the prccecdine article, shall he held, to all in-
tents and purposes, lei;al and valid. The syneiita; of the island who were not in Icjral number on the day or days of electiun
for the said i.slaiul, hciiiK deemed to have lost, from tlieir own neglect, tlicir franchise in retrard to such clecti(ui ; and on
all such occasions the vcriticatioii of such election shall rest on a certitieate of ids hip;nessthc president to that effect.
Section III. — Mode of proceed! iif; and powers.
Article 1 .— In the event of the death, necessary absence, or indisposition of the most illustrious the president of the Ip-
Rislalivc assenilily duriiifr sitting of paiUament, tlie legislative assembly shall in the first case proceed the very nuvt
meetiiiB:, to elect a new president, in the form and under the regulations hereinlicfore stated i in either of the latter ca.-cs
the IcKiJ^^lative assembly shall proceed, at its next meetinp:, in the same form and under tlie same rejijulations, to elect a
temporary president, and such temporary president shall be termed the most illu>trious tlie vice president of the legislative
nsscmhly.
•1. It shall re(|uire the presence often members, and the prcfiidciit or vit'c-jircsident, to constitute a legal meeting of tlic
legislative assembly.
;i. In the event of the above-mentioned number not attending, one hour after the ti.\ed hour of meeting, the most illns.
trioiis the iiresident of the assembly, or in his absence the vice-president, shall forthwith adjourn the meeting to the ensuing
regulated day <if meeting.
I. There sliall he three regulated days of meeting of the legislative a.ssembly in every week, viz. Tuesday, Thursilay,
and .Satiiniay, and the regulated hour of such meeting shall he ten o'clock, .\. m.
.■i. Independent of the said regiilateil days of meeting, extra meetings shall be held as circumstances may icquire, and
as the most illustrious the president or vice-president may direct, or as a majority of the house, on a motion to that etfcct,
may decree.
' fi. Kvery question of every kind shall he decided by the majority of votes of the most noble the members present, except
as liereinittcr may be enacted, and in every instance tlic most illustrious the president, or vice-president, in his absence, in
the event of ei|uality, shall have the same privdege of a double voice in the legislative a.ssenihly, as his highness the presi-
dent in the senate, stated in chajiter -i. section :), article 1.
r. Every vote on every question shall be given riim rore. and the number in such votes shall be recorded by the sc-
cretaries.
H. The legislative assembly shall jiossess the power of njipointing its own ministerial officers, wi'h the exception heiein-
nftcr staled.
I). The legislative assenddy shall have two secretaries ; the one shall be temieil the secretary of the legislative assembly,
the other shall be termed the secretary of the iirimary council, and both secretaries shall be ccpial in point of rank.
Id. The appoiiUment of the secretary of the primary council shall be reserved to his excellency the lord high commis-
sioner of tlic iirotecting sovereign, and siicli secretary may be either a native Ionian or a British-born subject.
II. .\ cojiy of tile daily /irwv.v vrr/ml of the legislative nssenihly shall be transmitted by the secretary of the primary
council to his excellency the lonl high cimimissioner of the protecting s<ivereign for his information, and no proem rerlml
shall he legal if not signed by the secrctar)- of the legislative assembly, and by the secretary of the primary council.
I'2. The legislative assemldy shall possess the s(de |)owcr of nimiinating the senators in these States, in manner and in
form directed in chapter 2, section 2, clauses :t, 4, a, li and 7.
l;i. The legislative assembly shall have the sole power of making laws in these States, in the first in.?tance.
14. The mode of introducing laws to the consideration of the legislative assembly shall he three : —
1. His excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign shall po.ssess the power of transmitting to flic
legislative assembly tlie projits ot laws, through the medium of the senate of the United States of the Ionian
islands.
2. The senate shall possess the power of transmitting to the legislative assembly the prujel of any law it may deem ex-
pedient.
3. Any member of the legislative a.sseml)ly has the right to submit the /Jivy'c/ of any law to the consideration of the as-
sembly. In either of the two first Instances the legislative assembly shall be bound to take the same into eonsideratioii,
under the firovisions hereinafter stated, relative to projrln of laws brought forward by individuals for the considera-
tion of the legislative assembly, and when laid upon the table of that as.sembly.
l.'i. When any member of the legislative assembly wishes to introduce a measure for its consideration, he shall in the
first instance apply for leave to bring in a bill to that crtect, and submit to the legisl.itive assembly, rimi rone, the rea-innf!
for which he deems it expedient ; and the assembly shall then determine whether such leave shall be granted ; but the said
member shall be bound, two days after he makes such apphcation, to intimate his intention on that head to the senate for its
information, and for that of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
Ki. In the event of such leave being granted by the legislative assembly, the member stated In the prccecing article
shall introduce and bring forward the bill in writing within one week, or less, from the period when the said leave was
granted.
I". The said bill, thus introduced, shall remain upon the table of the legislative assembly for the perusal of the menilicrs
thereof, till the second regulated meeting after its introduction, when it shall of right lie taken into coMsideratinn, and lie
decided on 'should the length of the discussion upon it not prevent it) by the as.senil)ly, and aiiproved of, or rejected, by the
miyority of votes of the ineinliers present.
15. In the event of the first discussion rendering it necessar)-, the said discussion may be adjourned to the next mcefiiiff,
or to the subse(iucnt one ; but the discussion on no bill shall bo .aiyourned beyond the third meeting after the ftrst discussiuii
on the same ; and it must then he finally closed either in the riftirmative or negative.
I!). In all in.staiiees where any law maybe pa.ssed by tl legislative assembly, in whatever mode such law may have
originated, it shall, in twenty-four hours subsequent to its p:i sing, tie transmitted by the nio.-,t illustrious the president nf
the legislative assembly, signed by him, and countersigned by the secretaries, to the Senate, for its approbatiim or ilis-
approhafion.
•J(i. In the event of such law receiving the approbation of the .Senate, it shall again he signed hy his highness llic
president thereof, and countersigned by the secretary of its general deiinrtmerit.
ai. In the event of such law being disapproved cif by the .Senate, it shall be transmitted back, with the signature of hi*
highness the president, and the counter-signature of the secretary of the said general depariment, to the most illustiiims
the president of tlic legislative assembly, and stating to him that it had been negatived by the Senate.
22. In th
highness the
eitiier give it
2». tliso
the president
transmit it to
over to the A
Hut if the Sei
shall fall to th
24. Notwi
common cases
is not neccssa
the case may i
to the passing
Iirotecting sov
council, to can
2.1. In the
ajiproved by fl;
his excellency
and Senate, it i
bill to the sanii
2(5. Uiit, in
the lord high
shall be iieiinil
that may be di
27. The U-
I)C under discii
who introduei'c
of the proteetin
meeting.
28. If the I
done by the n«"
2y. If the >
done within tli
and re-voted oi
before directed.
:iii. In like i
thereof, it shall
propo.se an ainc
lor the coiisiilcr
forthwith iiiaiie
in the manner b
:tl. The leg
amendment slial
every lespcct to
:i2. The Icgi
commencement
fitting.
■M. There sh
of parliament b)
these States in e
shall decree.
34. The form
same authorities
or amendment si
shall be made by
35. The legis
procee<Uiigs, pro\
protecting soverc
the laud.
Article 1. Bei
local government
2. At the hei
under such regeii
3. Tlie most i
a setiator of the L
4. His cxccllc
effect to the right
himself, to reside
liign commissionc
5. The residei
a Briti.sh or an loi
6. Besides the
municipal adminis
Article I. Tlic
the lord high com
and authority, as !
Articles 5, 6, and ;
2. llic most i
is appointed ; but,
subject to the appi
3. The advoca
on the part of hii
himself.
4. The secret.!
APPENDIX VII.— EUROPE.
Zf'i
al meeting of tln'
lesday, Tliursiiay,
corded by the sc-
exception heroin-
it may <lccin ex-
liis lii(!;lint'>s llio
22. In the CTPnt of any bUl l)eln(? approved of by the Senate, it shall be transmitted within twenty.friir honrs, by hia
hiRhniss the iiresident thereof, to Ids excellcney the lord IdKh coniniiysiiiner of the proteotinpsovereiirn, wlio shall forthwith
eitiier (five it his approhation or negative, and siitn it himself, being countersigned by his secretary.
2:t. His excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign shall forthwith transmit hack to his highness
the president of the Senate the said bill so approved of, or negatived •, and his highness the president shall in like manner
transmit it to the most iUii.strions the president of the legislative assembly, when the said law, if approved of, shall be given
over to the Archivist of tlie fiovernment of the United States of the Ionian Islands, to be recorded as the law of the land.
But if the Senate, or his excellency the lord high commi.s-sioner of the protecting sovereign disapproves of the said bill, it
shall fall to the ground.
24. Notwithstanding the sanction of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign shall be in all
common cases sufficient to estahhsh the law of the land, and the ultimate sanction of Ins majesty, the i)rotecting sovereign,
is not necessary to that end, where any bill may have been pa.sse<l by the different authorities antecedently stated ; still, as
the case may occur that his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign may have given his sanction
to the passing of a law which to his majesty may appear improvident and unwise, it shr'l be reserved to his majesty the
l)rotectlng sovereign to have the power, within a year after the passing of any such law, by an order of his m^csty in
council, to cancel the same ; in which case it shall forthwith he expunged from the records of government.
2.^. In the event of any bill having been inlri«luced into the legislative assembly liy any individual member thereof, and
approved by llie said assembly, anil wliich shall suhsccjucntly have been rejected liy the .Senate, or having l)een rejected by
his excellency the lord liigh commissioner of tlic protecting sovereign, alter l)eing approved of both by the legislative assembly
and Senate, it shall he illegal to introduce any such bill more than once again during the course of that parliament, or any
bill to the san)c eft'ect.
2fi. Uut, in the event of any 1)111 having been introduced into the legislative assembly l)y the Senate, or by his excellency
the lord higli eonunissioncr of tlie protecting sovereign, and of sneh i)ill having lieee i iected by any legal authorities, it
shall he perniitfeil t<i re-introduce tlie same for fresh di.scussion in the said assendily, at k y period of tlie same [larUiunent
tliat may he deemed advisable.
27. Tlie legislative as.scnilily shall possess the power of amending or altering any vlnu^e or clauses in any bill that may
lie under discussion; lint in all instances wliere any sucii amendment has been made, ..otice is to he given to tlie party
who introduced it, provided such liill had been introiiiiced either by the Senate or his excellency the lord high commissioner
of the protectuig ttovereigii ; and tiic final discussion in the legialat, . c assembly shall be postiioncd to the ensuing regulated
meeting.
28. if the party introducing the said bill signifies his consent to such amendment or amendments, and which shall be
done by the next regulated nurting, the discussion sliall of course proceed.
29. If tlie said party signifies his negative to such amendment or amcndiiient?, assigning his reason, which shall be
done within the same pi-riod as mentioned in the prcci ding article, the amendments shall in that case he reconsidered,
and re-voted on in tlie legislative iLSscinlily ; and tlie discussion shall afterwards proceed in the manner and form herein
before directed.
:io. In like manner, in tlie event of bills having been introduced into the legislative assembly by individuals, memlicrs
thereof, it shall he competent for the Senate or his excellency the lord hit-.n commissioner of the iirotecting sovereign to
propo.se an amendment or aineiulnients to any such bill, which amendment or amendments shall be transmitted forthwith
tor tlie coiisidcnifinn of tile legislative assemlily, and discusscil ut the ensiling regulated meeting ; and its decision shall he
forthwith made liimwii to tlie party wishing to make such anienihuent, when tlie said party shall give its assent or dissent
in the manner lielore descrilied.
;)1. The legislative assemlily shall possess the power of repealing and amending all former laws, and snch repeal or
amendment shall he introduced for di-cussion in the legislative assembly by the same authorities, and sliall be subject in
every respect to the same rules, and the same ciinr.se of pniciediiig, as in the instance of a new law.
:I2. The legislative assembly shall possess the power of regulating tlie ordinary expen-es of tliesc islands; and at the
commenecnient of every session of porliameut shall make such alteration or amendment upon that head aa tu it may .sccra
iStting.
an. There shall he laid on the table of the legislative assembly, within six days after the commencement of every session
of parliament by the Senate, through the medium of the sceietary of its general department, the civil list of the wliide of
these States in all its branches ; aud this list .shall either he confirmed, altered, or amended, a.s the legislative asseiiihly
shall decree.
.'14. The form, mode, and [jower of introducing any such alteration or amendment in the said list, shall he vested in the
same authorities as in the case of tlie introduction of a nr— law ; and the mode of proceeding with regard to such alteration
or amendment shall be same in every instance, witli this sole difi'erence, tliat the alteration or anicndinent of the civil Ust
shall be made by a simple resolution, instead of, as in the instance of a new law, laying tiie law itself upon the tablei
as. The legislative assembly sliaill possess the power of establishing rules and re!.'ulati.)ns for the guidance of its own
proceedings, provided such rules and regulations meet with tlie sanction of liis excellency the lord higli commissioner of the
protecting sovereign, and do nut interfere witli the provisions of the cunstitutiunal chart, or witli the established law <if
the laud.
Chupter IV.—Lnrul Gorernments.
Section I. — Ocnrral.
Article 1 . Besides the general government of the United States of the Ionian Islands, there shall be in each island a
local government, acting under the authority and orders of tlie said general government.
2. At the head of this local goveinment, in each of the islands, there shall be a regent ; and the ministerial officers
under such regent shall be a secretary, an advocate li-scal, an archivist, and a treasurer.
3. The most illustric ns the regent in each island shall, within the said Island, receive the same honours as those paid to
a senator of the United States of the Ionian Islands.
4. His excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign, with a view to give the necessary and full
effect to the right inherent in the high protection under whicli these States arc placed, shall appouit a representative of
himself, to reside in each of the said islands, and such representative shall be styled the resident of his excellency the lord
liig.l commissioner, and shall receive in all respects the honours due to him in sucii capacity.
s. The resident of his excellency the lord high cominissiouer of the protecting sovereign in each island, shall be either
a British or an Ionian subject.
6. Besides the resident, the regent, and the authorities heretofore mentioned, there shall he in each of the islands a
municipal adrainistratiuu.
Section II. — Mode of Appointment, ffc.
Article 1 . Tlie most illustrious the regent in each of the islands shall be appointed hy the Senate ; hut his excellency
the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign shall, in respect to the said appointment, possesss the same power
and authority, as he does in regard to the election of senators by the legislative assembly, as stated iu Chapter 2, Section 2,
Articles s, 6, and 7.
2, Tlic most illustrious the regent in each island sliall, generally speaking, either be a native of the island in which he
is appointed ; but, in ease of emergency, the Senate shall have the power of nominating a native of any other island,
subject to the approbation of his excellency the lord high commissioner ';f the protecting sovereign.
:i. The advocate fiscal in each of the islands shall be nominated direct hy the Senate, subject to the same negative, Stc.
on the part of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign, as in the instance of tlie regent
himself.
4, The secretary and archivist shall be named by the most illustrious the re^nt, subject tu a similar negative on the
2C.I
ArPFXniX VII.— KU ROPE.
pnrt of tlio Senate, tis liis cxccUcnry the lord liig:h cominUsiuner of the protecting sovcreiBn possesses In the Instance of tho
appointment of the rcftent.
fi. The local treasurers shall he api>niiitc<l hy the treasurer of the pcneral provcrnment of the Ionian States ; hut sncli
appointment shall receive the sanrtion of the Senate, and of his excellency the lord liiifli commissioner of the protectiiii'
sovereign ; and the Senate shall, in the instance of all sucli aiipointments, exact such security as it may deem neecssarv.
f). The nnuiicipnl aihninistration shall consist of live incmliers, independent of the president ; and they shall he
appointed hy the Synclitie in each of the islands, ami out of the body of the said syMclit;c.
". The most illustrious the recent of the island shall he at all times, f:r ntKrio, tlie president of the municipal adniini tia-
tlon ; and the mcmhers of the saiil administration shall continue in otlicc for the period of two and a half years from llu ir
election ; and at the expiration of the said two and a half years, the recent shall, e.r ujficii), call a meeting of tlie synclit:e, in
order to appoint a new municipal hody from the said synclitie.
8. In all iiuestions to he decided tiy vote in the muiuci|ial administration, the most illustrious the regent of the islinil,
in his capacity as president thereof, shall possess exactly the same votes as lu the instance of his highness the president in
the Senate.
<). The most illustrions the recent and his assessors shall arrange the nomination and appointment of the said five
municipal ofhcers in the mode foUowing ; —
1st. Eight days public notice shall be given, by the regent of the island, of the day fixed for the election of the muni.
cipal boily.
2d. The Synclitn:, individually or otherwise, shall he at liberty to propose in writing such of their body as they may
wish should he put in nomination forthe said municipal ortices.
.Id. The said proposal or proposals in writing shall he lernied lists, and shall he transmitted to the regent j and no list
shall be received by him beyond themorning of the day before the one fixed for the election.
4th. The said list shall be scrutinized and regulated by the regent and his assessors on tlic day antecedent to the elec-
tion. If more than twenty lists have been given In, the regent shall place in nomination the twenty names in
whose favour the majority of signatures appears in the said lists.
Sth. In the event of there not being twenty lists delivered in, he shall place in nomination all the persons in whose
favour ..c has received lists.
6th. In the event of there being no list given in at all. the regent himself shall form a double list, which, however,
must he approved of by the resident of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign ■
and in this total deficit of lists, or in all ca^cs of deficit of the necessary number of lists, the Synclita; shall vote
on the said double list thus furnished by the rcgeni, and approved by the resident of his excellency the lord high
commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
10. The Synclitie shall vote upon the lists above described, mra-vnce; and the regent and his assessors shall forth,
with declare the natiies of the ten persons of the Synclita?, who have the majority of votes in their favour ; and from
these ten the regent, with the approbation of the resident of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting
sovereign shall name, within twcnty-fonr hours, five persons wlio are to be considered as duly elected.
11. In case of any difTerence of opinion occurring, with regard to the above election, between the resident and tlic
regent, such difference is to be forthwith transmitted to the senate for its ultimate decision, and that of his excellency
the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
Section III. — Mode of prnceeiling anil pnnirs.
Article I.— The regent of each island shall administer the executive government of the island, nnder the orders of
the senate of the United States of the islands.
I. The regent iu each island shall administer the nninicipnl regulations now existing, or that may hereafter be enacted
in the said island.
3. The regent in each island shall, through the means of his serrctary, keep an exact pi'ncfs vorhiil of his daily pnicfcil.
iiigs ;and which prorr.i vet/ml sliall be transmitted daily tu the resident of his excellency Ihe lord hi<;h coinmissiuner of the
protecting sovereign, for his infiuniation.
4. No act of any rciont of any of the islands shall he valid, unless such an act appears, on the dny it took placi>, on the
prori'n virhiil, and is signed by the secretary, and certified by the resident of Ills excellency the lord hiuli commis-icuier <if thr
protecting soveteissn, as hiivinubeen seen t)y him.
5. The regent ill each island shall possess the power of suspending from their oflices any of the local fiinrlioiiarlr< ;
but such suspension must previously receive the sanclion of the resident of his excellency the lord hiah commissioner of liif
proteclini; sovereizn, and can only he held ;nnd till the pleasure of Ihe Semite on the subject shall he known.
6. The regent ill each island shall possess the power, in all cases of importance relative to llic executive goveriiinent, of
calliii;; to his aid tlie secretary and advocate ""cal, as hisdelihnaie advisers, anil their opinion shall he reciirded on the
prnm-s verhnl ; but the responishility of every in"asure shall totallv rest on Ihe reqent himself.
7. The monthly meetings of the miiiiici|ial council shall be lour, and the days on which they are to take place shall be
established hy a regulation of t!;e rei;eiit in each island.
8. Kxcliisive of four monthly meetings, the regent in each island shall call such extra meetings of the municipal council
as he mayjudge flillMg.
9. The fiinr' .ons of the municipal administration in each island, shall he classed under the following heads, viz. : —
1st. Agricitiire, public instiiictioD, and all objects uf ualiuual iuiporlauce.
'id. CoPinierce and naviiiution.
3d. Siibsiancc of the people.
4th. Ci\il police and charitable establishments.
.Ith. Kellgion, morals, and public ecniinmy.
10. The most ill.istiions the r' .iiit of Ihe island, in his quality of president of the mniiicipal magistracy, shall appoint
on' of the members of the same i >ii|iei intend each one of iln- above-incnlioned depatinents.
II. Each member thus apiioiiiiiil shall possess the (lower of reiiiilaling the details of the department cnnlldeil to liis
particular care, according to the existing laws, or mtinicipal legiilaliiuis ; but It is clearly to be understood, that nu iniinicipal
niagisliute has the right of incurring any expense relative to his own department.
12. In all cases where any expense may be denned necessary by any manlslrnie of the municipal body, the same inn*t
be submitted to the whide municipal council, when, if apiiroved of, it is to be t'irwarded to the senate for sanction.
l;i. No extra expenditure, excepting in cases of einemcniy, wliether hy the renent himself or hy the municipal coiiiuil
of any island, shall be authorized, without the previous suiiclion <if the resident of his excellei;cy thelird hi'^li coinniissioih'
of Ihe protecting sovereign, and all extra expenditure in any island shall be submitted to the senate, and finally deciiletl j
on by it, with the approbation of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
14. The most iilnstriotis the regent in each of the islands shall (lossess the power of making such municipal teinpoinry
regulations as appear to him to be necessary ; but all such rignlalions sh.ill he foitliwith triiii'Uiitti d to Ihe senate for its
sanction, and lor ihe approbation of his excellency the lord high ciuninissioner of the proii cling sovereiiin.
13. The secretary of the island, and the archivist, shall, in all iii-lancc«, be natives of the island in which ihey are ap.
pointed ; and they are the particular olhcers of goveininent atlaclii'd to the regent, and shall execute their functions as {
pti'scribed hy the present existing rules. i
Hi. The advocate fiscal in any island shall be a native of the United Slates of the If nian Islands, and shall execute bis |
duties as presci ibcd by the prcjeiit existing rnles.
17. The local treasurer, in any Island, shall leceive his instrucliiuis from the treasurer of the general government; asl
will be hereinafter diiected, and shall be a native of the i-land to wliii h he is appointed. I
18. The resident of his excellency Ihe lord high coiiiuiissioner of the protteling sovereign, in each of the islands, shall I
possess the power of slaying any piocteding of any of .he local aiitlioriliis in tin' same, with the view to such pioceediii!! "r|
proceedings being iiivestigateil by the general government ; hut he shall at ihe time assign his reasons for so doing.
IU. The provisions of his ict apply generally to the local goveiiinients uf all the islands, hut aie made uiih a vien' tn|
APPr.NDlX VII.— FlIROPK.
21! 5
instance of flio
eraons in whose
cy, sliall appninl
the scale of Die local unveriiincnls of tlic larger in parllciibr. It ix tliricf ire cU arly l'< lie uiKlirKtuud, that IIk- si-iiatc, with
the aiipniliaiiiiii of his <.'\i'(.'lli:ii*y (ill' 1(11(1 IiIkIi roiiinii'-sidiH'r of llie piolci'tlnK Bovcii'lmi, may restrict the appiintiiiciits
hereinbefore »p<Tillf(l, in the Mnaller islanrH, as far a» relates to the secretary, tlie archivist, the tieasiirer, Ihe advocate
llftral, and the municipal body, within biicli hounds as the nature of the situation and circuuistancen in juiticc uiay
require.
Chiipler V. — Ecrlesiiislirul Kslahlis/imcnt,
Svctiun I, — Ueneral.
Article 1. The religions cstahllslmicnt of the United States of the Ionian Islands shall consist of archbishops or bishops,
or bishops of vicars, (llnindi Eciiiiiimi] of curates of all the parishes, and of rclitfious convents and establishments,
being all of the doiniiiant orthodox religion of these States, viz. the Greek ,
2. The dominant orthodox reliRion of the liik'li ijrotectioff power, under which the United States of the Ionian
Islands are exclusively placed, shall be exercised williin the same, by its professors, in the fullest manner and witli tlic
fullest liberty.
3. The Koman Catholic religion shall he specially protected, and all other forms of reli|;inn shall be tolerated.
4. There shall be no public form of religious worship permitted in these States, except sach as relates to the Christian
orthodox churches before luentioucd.
Section 1 1, — DcclaratDry.
Article!. Whereas the due support of a relijrious establi.shment is essentially connected with the maintenance of
morality, pood order, and the happiness of the people ■, and whereas notliinj; more materially tends to cherish and sup-
port such establishment, than the maintenance of a due number of dignitled pastors of tlie same ; and whereas the divi-
ded state of these dominions necessarily ''emands great attention on this liead ; and whereas there is reason to believe
thar, in ancient times, some of these l>liu\ils had the benefit of havintf bislmps attached to their relijiious establish-
menty, and which huvc since been ab)lislieil. — It is deeljred to be ex|)edient, that in addition to the recognised arch-
bishop or bishop for the Islands of Corfu, Cepbalonia, .Santa .Maura, and C'erigo, there shall be an archbishop or bishop
fur the island of Znnte, a bishop for the island of Ithaca, and a bishop for the island of Paxo ; and it is further declared,
that the time and mode of aiiplying to the sacred head of the (ireek orlliodox religion at Constantinople, on tliis subject,
shall be reserved to his Majesty the protecting sovereign ; provided always, that the nomination of such dignitaries of
the church does not entail any additional expenditure, of any kind, on the revenues of these slates.
2. Whereas due reference is made in tlie foregoing article relative to the necessary establishment of the orthodox
and dominant religion of these States, it is hereby deelared, that it is highly inexpedient, and impossitile, with every
legard to the due support, as far as it may be indispensalrle, of tlie necessary pastors tliat may bo ri-<|iusite for any sys.
tern of Christian religion, that those States can support the expense or can maintain the principle that there sliall be
supported and paid by tliem, or out of any funds that they in their wisdom may choose to ap|iropriate to other uses,
prelates and dignitaries of any religion, but those of the dominant religion of these States ; save and except always such
prelates and dignitaries of such chorcbes as are now actually resident in, and executing their functions within theso
States, and for the term only of their natural lives.
3. Whereas it is most expedient that there should be a metropolitan of the domin.int religion of the Greek orthodox
chuich in these States, possessing, by consent of the holy father of the (ireek church, the patriarch of Constantinople, a
geneial spiritual puwer and supremacy over the whole of the pastors of the dominant church in these States ; it is do-
clared, that it would be ex|iedient, if such measure lie not contrary to the canon rules and regulations of the said
church, that the said metropolitan should be the archbishop or bishop that may be regularly ordained by the holy father,
being the patriarch at Constantinople, for the four great islands of these States, srriatim, that is to say, that the archbi .
shop or bishops duly appointed and regularly consecrated should in turns, subject to this constitutional chart, beheld
each and all of them as metropolitans for the term of one parliament. Uut should it appear that this ariangement is dis.
ccrdant in the smallest degree with the canons of the dominant church, it is furttier declared, that the archbisliop or
bishop of Corfu, of Ceiilialonia, of Zante, and of Santa .Maura, sliall, seriatim, be the metropolitan of the dominant Greek
church : and that such metropolitan, (not being the archbishop or bishop ot Corfu; shall, if not contrary to the canons of
the dominant church, beheld to be present at the scat ot government during all the sessions of parliament, provided
always, that Mich archbishopric or bishopric for the island of Zante be established.
4. Whereas the ultimate arrangement that must take place on any change, if such change should iiappcn in conse-
quence of the first declaratory clau.se of this section, cannot be established till the jierioil when the pleasure of the pro-
tecting sovereign and of the holy father of the dominant church is known, it is (leclared, that the parliament of these
htates reserves to itself all and every power, witli the c.insent of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the pro.
tecting sovereign, to make such alterations, modifications, and arrangements, relative, either to the mode of election of
the dignitaries of tlie domitant cluireli,orto any branch connectoil with the dominant religion, that may not militate
with the spiritual power ot the head of the dominant religion, the most holy the patriarch of Constantinople, and the
tegular laws laid down by the holy synod of the Ciicek church.
Chiipter VI, — Of the Judicial Authority,
Section 1.— General,
Article 1. The judicial authority in the United States of the Ionian Islands shall consist in each Island of three tri-
bunals, viz. a civil, a criminal and a commercial. There shall bo also a court of appeal in each island, to be regulated as
may be hereafter laid down.
2. Over each of the said tribunals there shall preside a judge or judges, as maybe settled by the senat?, at the
recommendation of the supreme council of justice, and with the aiiprobation of his excellency the lord high commis-
sioner of the protectiiig sovereign.
3. The judge or judges of the said tribunals shall enjoy, in the Island to which they belong, ranV; Immediately next
to the regent of the island.
4. Independent of the said tribunals, courts shall be appointed in each island, for the trial of minor criminal offences,
and of small civil suits, and the persons appointed to preside in the same shall be denomited justices of the peace.
5. The justices of the peace of the minor courts in each island, shall rank immediately after the judges of the
courts.
6. Besides the courts above mentioned in the several islands, there shall be established a superior or high court of
appeal, at the seat of government, and which shall be denominated tlic Supreme Council of Justice of the United States
of the Ionian islands.
7. The most illustrious the members of the said supreme council of justice shall possess the rank of senators of the
United States of the Ionian Islands.
Section II, — Mode of Election,
Article 1. Theindges of the three tribunals In the several islands shall be chosen by the senate, and approved of by
his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting soveieigu.
2. The justices of the peace in eacli island sliall be appointed by the regent of the same, and approved of by the
senate.
3. The proceeding in each of these two instances shall be the same as in all other cases where a negative is given
cither by his excelleiiey the lord high commissioner or tlie senate.
4. The most illustrious the iiiemlars of the supreme council of justice of the United States of the Ionian Islands sli,\ll
inordinary instances be four, and shall be elected in tlie manner following, viz. two mt-mhers oi tlio same, being
Ionian subjects, shall le named by the senate, and ajiproved by his excellency the lord hlijli eommi-sloiicr of the pro.
tecliiig soverrign, and the other two slinll be Uriti.sh or loi'ian subjects, and be named by his majesty the protecting
so\tuign of those States, through the mciliuiii of his lord high commissioner.
2C6
APPKNDIX VII.— EUROPE,
S. Independent nf the ordinary ' members of the «npreme connctl of justiee, there shall be two extranrdlnary mem.
bera of the name, viz. his biKhness the president of the lenate, and hia excelleocy the lord high commisitoner of tlin
protecting: Bovcreign.
Senlhn ///. — Mode nfprotjeeding and power.
Article I. Tlie power of pardoning or of modifying piinislimen^ in criminal cases, (except as hereinafter stated) shall Im>
TCstcii in theKcnHtc, as slinll hcreiniiltcrlir provided tor by th' la' s; but to procure such pardon or modification it shull be
necesKary that two-tliirds of the senate, or lour menibera shut! cc ■.cur in opinion to that effect.
•1. Tlie civil, erhuinai and eoiuniereiai courts in the sevora! Ulands, Hliall proceed for tlic time in all canes according to
the laws, praticc and reKUlations at present cxistini;, save and cxcpt as may hereinafter lie directeil.
3. The justices of tlu- peace in the minor courts of the sevcrul islands, shall also proceed in all cases in the iilie manner,
save and except as liereinaller may l)e ordered.
4. The auiirenie council of justice shall in all cases, wh'rc there is an cmiality of votes on decidiniir on any questiim,
refer the case, in writintr, to the li)rd liich commissioner of tlie prottclioK soverelKn, and to his hiKbness tlie preiiident of tliu
senate, statin)? .'shortly tlie (frouiids of the ditT'erencc of oplnio:i whicli exists, and they U|ion sucli reference, sliall endorse
their decision on the said statement, and such decision shall be hehl final.
5. In the event of a difference of opinion existing in respect to sucli reference, between his hifchness the president of tlie
senate and his excellency the lord bi);li commissioner of the protecting sovcreiifii, the latter shall possess the castintr vote,
and bis decision shall he final on the case \ but in endorsing tlic said statement, his excellency the lord liif;h ccmmii.ssiuucr
siiail declare, that the said dcci.siiin has been made by his casting: vott.
G. In ail cases of decision in the supreme council of justice, where no eciality of votes exist, the said decisions shall be
final.
". There beinp: no ixilitical truth in the practice of all states more (cenerally acknowledged, or more incontrovertilily
proved, than that the hapiiiuess, prosperity, and welfare of the whole cm <munity iiepend, in the most essential manner, on
a speedy and ecpial (li^tribution of Justice to all: and as it appears e(|ualiy clear that many judicial disorders uiil'ortiinnii'ly
have and <lo prevail in those States, arising priiici|ially from the imperfect codes of civil and criminal law liitlierto in tcmc
witliin the same, and of the process connected with sucli codes being either deficient or inapplicable to the manners and
habits of the people <jf the Ionian islands ; and it being also evident that the formation of a new civil and ciiminal cuiU , and
of a new pnicess, (pruceihiru) inuKt reiinire the uiavot cciii^iderutioii and occupy u leniilli of time; and us It is fiirlher
equally < crtain lliiit no siiliilaiy nr llxed establishment fur the courts of Judicature can be innde until such time as iideipiiile
1a\V4 and iiKMies of procei.'diiiK for llie sami- are laid d(?wn and ileiliied ; and a^ further, it lastly appears, that a piaciice li»s
hiiheitii prevailed in these slatr;', (if "pplviiis In all in^^tanees nf Judicial liti<:atiiiii at tlinea U> the local heads of ilie lioverii-
ininls, and very jii'iierally to his excrileiiey the loid hi^h eoinniissiiiiiir htinsrlf, in oider to obtain the redress and dirMoiis
in the vuiioiis courts of law ; uitli the view, therefore, and with the object to adiiiiiiister a trmpoiary and proviMonul rclji'i
to the Jiidlciul calamities ahraily staled, and above all, to put an end to those arbitrary decisions nbicli have taken place
on so iii:iiiy uceasioiis ; it i< hereby dccluicil, thai Ihe supreme eoiinril ofjusllceof the L'liilid Stales of the Ionian Islands
as coiislitiiled in Aitlele (lib ot Ihe 1st seelioii of Ibis chapter, shall p(^^^ess the followlii'^ powers, till a eoinplete code nl
civil and rrinilnal law, and of prieess connected with Ihe same, can be framed and eslalili-hed ; piovided always, that such
codes and pmccss thall be nl:iniulel> decidid on, and adopted nilliin Ihe space of three yi-ars, vi/.: —
1st. It shall, in its collective capacity, jiossess the power of Irani iny the civil and ciimiiiul codes above alluded to, and lliv
pKicess theieiintii appirlainin'jaiid attached,
2d. II shall remilate Ihe mode in wliieh the inleiinr courts of appeal in each of the islands shall be constituted.
3d. II shall have Ihe aiilhoilly and Jiiiisdietioii ovei thuwhoie of llie Diiiled Stales of the Ionian Islands, and all depcii-
deneies of ihe same.
4th. It shall reside at llii' seat of the scneral s<>verninent, but shall possess the ri|>ht nf delesatlni! its authority to crrt^ilu
of its ineinhers on circuit, throuuli the several islands, when such drleuallon shall be lecommeiided by it, and ;iii-
thori/ed by the at iiute, with the approbation of his excellency the lord high coinniissloiier of the protcMiii';
sovereign.
6lh. The delegation nn all such occasions of circuit shall consist of one nf the Ionian and one of the British nieniliersor lis
body, and in all such circuits the sciiaie shall possess the authority of siirro^alim:, ivith tin- approliatluii of hh
excellency Ihe loid liluli comiiiissioiu'r of the protectini; soverei'.Mi, one of the Jiidiies of these states, oi any pciMiii
learned in the law, to act diiring and on the circuit, as ineinber of the siiprenieeoiiiicil of Justice.
0th. The senate shall also possess the authority of snrrogatin;!, in like iiiaiiner, a second jndue or person learned in llir
law, to hii up the vacancy in Hie siipienie coiiiieil of Justice, at the seat of 'government, of the Ionian meiiiber oi ilic
same who shall have piocecded on Ihe ciiciiit.
7lh. His excellency the Inid hiuh conimi-sioner of the protecting soverci^'ii shall, in all cases ofcirciiit, possess the potvir
of also nominaliiig an iniiian or Itiitbli siibjeet, to act on such circnt as member of the supreme council of Jiisiice,
8tli. His e\celkncy the loid hi^b coininissioner of the prolectinii sovereign shall further iioiiiliiaie an Ionian or llriijsh
siibjecl lo nil up the vaeaicy in the supieme eonncil of Justice at the seat of Kovernnient, In lieu of the lliiti-h nr
Ionian member of ihe same who shall have pmcieded on circuit.
Olh. Ill cases where It may have been Jud;:ed iiecessaiy that Ihe siipretne council of justice should make a circuit, iiinl
whrie from any cause it iiiiiy liave been fniiiid Imp ssible or highly incimvenieni that two of the memliers of ilic
same shimid pioceed on the saiil circuit, in such ease the siirrouatio:: of three juiliies, or persons learned In the hiir,
in place of Iwo, shall be admissible, in niaiiner and foiiii already stated; provided always, thai the eouil of ciiciiii
shall consist of Iwo Ionian snhjecls, and of two others, eii her Uiitish or Ionian subjects, and that the supreme cuuncil
ofjiistice at the seat ofuoveriinieiil lie lliled n|i, in like manner, to a similar number,
loth. All decisions of the supreme council of justice, on ciiciiil, shall be held valid, and recorded as the decisions oflhc
supreme council of Jii-iice ofthe United .States oftlie Ionian Islands.
lltb. It shall possess all Hie powers inherent to Ihe jiidici,il anlhorily, loiiether with the latitude necessary to he exercised
for the speedy and iiprliiht adniiiiistialion of civil, ciiminal, and correctional justice in all cases, and this loo wlicie
there may exist no codes of general and positive laws, no reiiiilar foims of proceedini;, hut where ruinous abuses uiid
disorders prevail, and which it Is its duly to coriect and extirpate.
12tb. The supreme council ofjiistice, hiinit for Ihe time the supreme Judicial niithoiily in these states, the heads i I the
local tiovernmcnts, and the priuci|>al secretary of i;overiinieiit on the part of liis excellency Ihe lord hi'jii coinniis.
sinner, shall deliver to the same all Ihe papers relative to any matter of justice now peiidlnif before them, in oider
that the same may be by it liually settled and decided.
13th. The definilive sentences pronounced, up to the tilth of February, ISIO, being the day of Ihe arrival at the sent of
liovernment of his excellency Ihe lord lil'^li coinmissioner ofthe proteclinti sovereign, aie not eomiireliendcd in ilie
above clause, provided no petiti(iii,accoidiiix to the actual forms, rules, and rcKulalions, is now bel'ore the local au-
thorities, or hisexcellency the lord lil):h commissioner ofthe prolecting sovereiun, reKaidln!< the same.
14tb. It shall possess the power nf alone deciding us a court of cassation ; and all pa|ieis in possissloii ofthe courts of
cassation, that have hitherto existed in those states, shall be delivered over to the supreme council of justice for its
decision.
ISth. II shall possess Ihe power nf judging. In all cases of complaint made by pellton, of any violation of any foinis diierled
by the ordinary process, or of any municipal laws, or existiug statute and practice ; but in all such Instuiices, a
special repoit shall be made by it to the senate, in the view that the latter may take into conslderHllon the necessity
of punishing ilie judge or judges guilty of such iileiial proceedings ; but before any steps can be taken toward:; such
punishment i>f the same, Ihe sanction of \\U txceilency the loid high coiuuilssiuuer of the protecting soveieuii shall
be necessary.
laUi. It shall have a jniisdiction of appeal over all the other courts of appeal within these dninininns, in exttaordinay in-
stances of judicial abuse and malversation ; and the parties wishing to appeal direct to the supreme council of jus-
tice, Hitliuui goiug tbiuuKh any iufcriur court of appeal, may so do, provided the other party cuucerned |
consents.
APPENDIX VH.— EUROPE.
267
cisions Khali be
ludcd to, anil ilu'
u (Iccbioiis ol'ilic
Wlb. The object uf the initltntinn of the tnpreme cnuiicU of Juitlce beinir to give reilresA In caiei where the Juiltrs of ib«
court! below may have erred In ibelrJiidKiiU'nta, or may have decided In violation or law, It In clearly to be under-
•loud, that it pitaseasea the powt-r and aiitbnolty not only to adjudne the caav, but also to declile hnw tar llie petition
introdiiclnic aiicb raae ia frivolona and vexatloiia, rcallnn on no aolld groiMida, but brought forward lor thi; tiiirpoai'H of
delay, or ol' haraa^^hm the oppmieiit ; and in all caaca declared by It to be frivoloiin and vcxatloiia, it sb»ll pohaeaathe
power of Inipoaing siirh fine as to it may appear Jiiat and equitable ; and llie aaid tine shall be adjudged to the public,
or to the opposite party, accordinc to IIh decision.
IStb.The supreme cciuncil of justice shall possess the power of deciding In equity, as well as law, in all Instances whlrh
may come before It. Iti«hall |ioa "aa the authority. In Its collective capacity, of reRUlatinv ila own procedure, and
eatabliahing ita own forms, and o> .:irectinK such alteration or change in the procedure of the inferior courts (till the
new civil and criminal codes are establiahed) as to i> may aeem titling,
igth. 11 shall, in its collective capacity, po9>eas tlie aulhiirily of noniinatinii Its own secretary or secretaries, its own ofllcers,
and of electluK Its own ordinary president ; and the ordinary piesldeut, tlius elected, shall he termed the mnat
excellent the chief justice il'rr.stiintiniiimo Cupndi (liuntlziu) and shall take rank imincdialely after his highness the
president of the senate of the United Slates of the Ionian Islands.
30th. It shall posseas the power oradjud|{iii!2 all cases of public delinquency on the part of any of the fnnclinnarjea of ko-
vernment; hut, on occasion of cxerclsinu this branch of ita Jurisdiction, it shall consist of the ordinary membera,
and of four other persons— two to be appointed l>y the senate, and approved by his excellency the lord hixh coin-
inlssioner of the protcctlni; aoverei'iU, and two to be nominated, eilh' - llrlllsh ur Ionian subjects, by his excellency
the loid hiuh commissioner of the pnnectitm sovereiitn. AikI, in the event of an equality of votes in the. council
thus coualituted, the president of the same shall have the castiuK vote.
3Ut. It ahull have the power of coiitrouliii!! and takiiii; cosinlzance of all advocates, attoriiies, procnrntora, notaries, and
amenta of all kinds, when juridically employed ; and of punlshiuit, cither by impriaonment and tine, or dismisaing
from their professions, any iiersoiis ttuilty of a breach of the respect due to judjes, or want of decency and decorum
essentially neceasary to be maintained, for the honour and diiinity of ibe judicial cslabliahment.
Whereas in the precidius; article provision is made for eslal)llshinii a teinpoiaiy court of justice, denominated the su-
preme council of justice of the llnited .States of the Ionian Islands, and for maintainiu>( the same till such lime aa new codes
of civil and criminal law and procedure can be framed anil adopted, and which provision operates, for the time belus, as a
reservation to a future period of the adjiialins tbe linal constitution in these states, as far aa regards the judicial authority
wliliin the same : it is hereby declared, that whenever sneli civil and criminal coiles and proeeiluie sball be fiaiin d, or when
the three years shall have expired, for which tlie supreme eoiincil of justice shall be esiabliahed, the legislative assembly of
tliete alatea aliall, on a nn-ssaue to lie traniinilted to that ellVcl bv his excellency the lord hivli coiiiiiii-sinner, consider itself
to lie sittiuK for the immediate consldeialion of llie said reserved matters of (he toustltuli'U ; and all the cnaoiiiints |||i>n
made for the linal adjiislnieiila of ibe t»ii coiiils of law, and of a lltiini; civil and eiimiiial ciule of prociiliire, sball, in the
llrat instance, (as in the instance of the eniistlutlioi itself), be stilimitled to bis Majesty llie proliclin.: suvereimi, and it is
ratitled, that they shall then be conaidered, to all intents and purpoaea, as furmiUK an integral part of the cjualiluiiou itself of
tbeae states.
Chiipter f'll, — Uliscelliinenus.
Section I. — Of prinilepe and malnersntion of office.
Article I.— The members of the leaislative assemby of the United States of the Ionian Islands cannot, on civil process
be deprived of their personal liberly when parliament has met.
'/. His hi!;liut'^s tlie piesblent of the sciiaie of Ibe Uiilieil States of the Ionian l-lauds, the senators thereof, and the
refrenta of the dilVeient islands ciimposiu<! the said stales, shall be equally protected against the loss of the personal liberty
on rivil iirocC'S, ilniiu<! tlie time oflhtir holiliii',' their libih employs.
3. All (Miiilie I'liiuiioiiaries sball be amenable to the law of the land, in all cases, civil and criminal, save and except as
may liereiiiafler be provided for.
4. All public I'liiictiiiuarios shall be liable to be suspended for malver.-ation in olllee, and other.vlse piini-hed for the same,
as may hereinafter be direcied.
a. Tbe piMVer of siiapeusion for malversation in office, shall be vested in the aiilliority which appiiiiils to the said otlice
with the CMiiciirrriice, however, of the niilhorily which aiiprovea of the said appoiiiliiient, save and except in tbe iiist.iiiee of
the niiinicipai oniccrs, uhen the power of siiapeiisioii is vcted in the reucuts of the islands, and llie power of approving >iich
snspeusioii in the senate.
II. Tbe iiowiT of suspension shall, in like manner, be vested in (he authority which approves, with the concurrence of that
which uiipoliii'i.
7. Ill all cases of sii«peiisiiin for malversation In olllee, the uroiinds on which It is made shall be recorded previous to any
order beiiii issued for the same, and a co|iyofsuch record sliall.be aeiitt" the ftiurlioiiary susiieiided.
H. All public functiiuiaric", suspended f(ir mnlversutioii of otlirc, shall have a ri(j;lit, within one niimth after such siis-
peii-ioii shall have taken place, to apply by petition to the leprislativc assembly, iirayina: that the /^rounds of the same may
be iiivfsfi«:,ited, and the leu'islatlve assembly slinll iiiiineiliately enter iiitiisiicb iiivestitration.
9. Slniiild the leirislative assemlily not be siltimr at tlie time, such potiliim shall he transmitted to the most llhistrioiis
the presideiit thereof within the same perinci: and it sball he considered to all intents and purposes, the same as iftijin.i-
mitted to the lejtislative assembly when sittinir ; and on such petition, a-s presented, tlie K't;islative assembly, upon its iiieet-
iiiK, shall forthwith proceed to declare.
10. The Hiispcnsioii of any imblic fiincfionarv shall not be removed, unless two-thirds of the members present of the
legislative assembly do concur in the necessity of so doliiu:, and vote for the same.
11. Ill all cases where no applieatimi, as already stated, shall be made to the legislative assembly, within one month
from the date of suspension of any public- fiiiicti.umry, or where the legislative assembly does not affrec, in the manner
above staled, to remove the suspension, he shall bo considered as dismissed, and his place Hllcd up by the proper
authorities.
Vi. The lecislative nsseiiilily shall itself possess tbe power of susiiendins: any public functionary, in all cases where
two thirds of the members thereof present should concur in a vote to that ctTeet, provided always, the authority which
approves tbe appointment of tiie suspended functionary shall consent, and against such form of suspension there shall
be no npiieal.
i;i. His hiirhncss the president of the senate cannot in anyway be suspended from office durlncc the period he remains
in that liieh situation.
14. His highness the president of the senate may he impT.ched for any malversation in office, within six months
after he sball have retired from the same ; provided always, that the letjislative assembly shall, by a vote of at least
twenty. six of its members, concur in the propriety of the measure, and that the senate, and his excellency the lord high
commissioner of the protecting sovercijcn, shall also affree to the same.
l.'j. The sentence ol tbe supreme council of justice, in regard to th^ trial before it, on the impeachment of his high-
ness the president of the senate, sliall not be curried into effect until it shall have received the approval of his Majesty
the protecting sovereign.
Ifl. All public functionaries, suspended or virtually dismissed for malversation of office, are liable to be brought before
the supreme council ot justice, by any of the authorities who directed the said suspension or virtual dismissal, to he tried
by the said supreme council of justice on such charges, state crime or crimes, as may he deemed necessary ; and on the
conviction of tbe public functionary, the dismissal from office is in no instance to be considered as any grounds for
mitigation of punishment.
17. A spccifln law hereafter shall he framed, delliiing the state crimes and malversation of office, together with the
punishment to he attached to the same, and also the mode of preferring accusations in regard to them. But no sus-
pension or virtual diimUsal can take place, no Irapoachmcut can lay or trial bo held before the supremo council of Jus.
i
2C8
APPKNDIX VII.— EUROPK.
tier, except tmllvlilnallyi and no body of public functlonaiica, ai a body, can be cither lutpended, virtually ditimisHcii,
impeached, or tried,
18. 'I'lif power of dIsmlBsal from office of any public functionary is reserved to his Majesty the protcrtliiR sovercimi,
Bave and except In the Inslance nf his liiiflines-i tjic president of the Rcnate, the niemlier« llicreof, anil the mciiibcni di
the leKhlatlve BHHciiibly t but the plenxure of Ills MiiJcHty must be declared, by warrant under the signature of lii:.
Majesty's secretary of stale.
10. The power of rcspltliiir the sentence, In the Instance of state dellnquenricB, shall he vested In his exeelk'ney the
lord liiKh coMiniiHsloncr of the protertint; sovtreiijn j but the power of pardon, in regard to the sunie, shall ulune lio
vc»teU ill Ills Majesty the prutecling suverel^n.
Section II. — Military Kutabllshment.
Article 1. The military defence of the United States of the Ionian Islands belnff placed In the hands of the profeelirij;
sovereign, the sole rcRular military cstubllHtiment fliall consist of tlie forces of his Miijcsty.
2. Independent of the regular troops of his Majesty the prulectlng sovereign, there shall be established lu eaeli
island a corps of niillila.
3. The organisation of the mllltin of the United States of the Ionian Islands shall be left to the commander in chief
of the forces of the protecting sovereign wIMiin the Fame, subject to the approbation of the senate and of his excellency
the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
4. The general charge of prcserviuij tlie traminillity of the country, being Immediately and directly connected wllh
the military establishment, the high police of the United States of the Ionian Isliunls shall l)e placed under the tlijict
nianagcmeut of his excellency the lord high commi^bioner of the protecting sovereign, and his Majesty's comiuaniler in
chief.
li. No officer can be appointed to any corps of the militia of the Ionian Islands who is not a native-born subject of lliu
same.
6. Ilis Majrsty the protecting sovereign shall appoint inspectors and sub-inspectors of the militia of the loniim
States, who shall be either llritish or Ionian offlcers.
7. The corps ol the militia of each island shall be placed under the controul of the inspectors or sub-Inspectors of
the militia appointed by his Majesty the protecting sovereign.
8. The regular forces of his Majesty the protecting sovereign shoU, in all Instances of civil suit, bo amenable to the
laws of the land within the United States of the Ionian Islands.
9. The regular forces of the protecting soverciun in these states shall, in respect to criminal Jurisdiction, he alone
subject to the martial law of his Majesty.
10. The militia within these stotes is, of course, subject to the laws of the land ; but when It shall have been duly
organized and called out, it shall be amenable to the martial law of the protecting power, and liable, by it alone, to lie
tried for criminal offences.
11. The regular established number of his Majesty's troops for the garrison of these islands shall be considered ns
consisting of three thousand men: but it shall be competent to increase or diminish that number, as his M.ijest)'s
cummaiKler In clilcf nniy deem fitting.
12. All expense of quartering the regular forces of his Majesty the protecting sovereign, and, generally speaking, ull
military expense of every kind to be incurred by these States (as far as relates to the three tliousaud men above najueil,,
shall be paid out of the general treasury of the same.
Section III. — Treasury and Finance.
Article 1. At the head of the general treasury of the United States of the Ionian Islands there shall be a treasurer,
and the said treasurer shall be either a natural born Kritish or Ionian subject j and his style and title shall be "general
treasurer."
2. The nomination and appointment of the general treasurer of the United Stotes of the Ionian I.-^Iands is left to his
excellency the h>rd high commissioner of the protecting sovereign ; and under the said treasurer the local tieasurcrs in
the vari(ms islands shall he directly placed.
3. The general treasurer of the United States of the Ionian Islands shall be responsible for the whole receipt and
expenditure of the said United States, and shall transmit an accurate monthly statement of the said receipt and expen-
diture to the senate and to his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
4. The finance yearin the United States of the Ionian Islands shall eommence the 1st day of February, and end the last
day of Jaimory ; and the general treasurer shall submit to the legislative as.semhiy, within three days after the meeting nf
parliament, a full arul detailed statement of tlic whole receipt and expenditure for the past year.
5. The general treasurer shall not possess the power of disbursing from the imlilic treosury the smallest sum, witlicnit
the previous sanction in writing, of the .Senate and his excellency the lord high eoiumissioner of the protecting sovereign,
except for payment of the civil list, sanctioned by the legislative assembly, ami already provided for in Chapter 3, Scctiuu :t,
Article 33.
fi. The general constitutional rule to he observed (althongli it may not he possible to adhere strictly to tlie same , in
case of e- era expense in the several islands, shall be, that each island has a right to incur extra expenditure in propi'riinn
to the surplus of revenue paid in by it to the general treasury, after the expense of the civil list for such i.slaud is deliayeil ,
hut the amount of such extra expenditure shall he settled by the Senate and his excellency the lord high eoiumissioner i.l
the protecting sovereign, with reference to the repairs of works, and other necessary general military purjioses.
/. The general treasurer, in submitting the annual accounts of expenditure to the legislative assembly, shall divide
them into two heads, viz. ; ordinary and extraordinary j mid the legi.slative assembly shall have the power of api)roving or
disapproving, as far as regards the accuracy of the accounts thus lai(l before them.
8. The collection of the revenue in the diHerent islands, in all its luanches, shall be regulated by the Senate, Willi the
approbation of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign, aiul all persons employed in the
collection of tlie said revenue, must be approved of by them.
J). The regulating the mode of farming and managing the revenue of these States, shall rest with the Senate, subject
to tile approbation of liis excellency the lord high commissioner of tlie protecting sovereign.
lU. All additions, alterations, or amendments in tiie present system of taxation slioll only be made by a bill presented
in the due fomis to tlie legislative assembly.
11. It being of the utmost hnportance that the various duties and taxes in the different islands should be, as far as is
compatible with tlie difference of local circumstances, e(iualized and put on a similar and proportional footing, it is (ieeltueJ
to be an article of the first imjHirtance, to adopt legislative measures on this head.
12. The equalization of weights and measures, and the establishment of a national currency, being in like niauuer con-
siderations of the first importance for any State, similar measures shall be adopted on tills iiead.
Section IV. — Of Foreign Relations.
1. Whereas in the latter part of the seventh article of the treaty of Paris, it is agreed, that no person from any power
whatsoever sliall be admitted within these States, possessing, or pretending to possess, any powers beyond those wliieh are
defined in the aforesaid article, it is hereby declared, tliat any person who shall assume to hhnself any authority as an agent
for a foreign power, except as therein directed, shall be ■\mcnable to be tried before the supreme council of Justice, and l)0
liable, if found guilty, to punishment, as in cases of high treason against tlie State.
2. No native or subject of the Uiiitcil States of the Ionian Islands shall be licld competent to act as consul or vicecoiisid
for any foreign power within the same.
3. The British consuls, in all ports, whatsoever, shall be con.sidcred to be the consuls and vice consuls of tlic t'liitid
States of th« Ionian Islands, and tlie subjects of the same shall be entitled to their fullest protection.
I.
eM-elle
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Article I
preservation
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2, The po
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the treaty of 1
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7. Notwith
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H. The rigl
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his m.ijesty's si
of his secretary
milted through
of the same he
!). In the i
protecting sovc
bi'.;li functions
riiies vested in
10. Wherea
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own judgment
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11. It is cl
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)>eriod of time tl
12. Wlierca
chart ; and wlic
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of the iirotcclii
United States ol
APPKNDIX VII.— F.TTROPE.
2r,o
lally lilsmUscii,
I. All mmllrntlnnR nprp^^nn' to he made Iiy these Htntcs to nny forpirii imwor, nlmll hp trniiiinlftoil by tlio Spnnti- to lil«
cM'illrm'y llif Inril liiirli ('niiiiiil^slnhrr iil'llip |)nitc<'tiiiir siivrrcli;", whn mIkiII forward tlip sixiiit' totlu' iiiid)us<<nil<ir iir iidnlHtpr
of tlic prnti-ptliiK snvorelKii n'Hldent Bt the court of the sulci fori'lun power, for the imrposo of HuhmlttiiiK them In due form
to the j-alil power.
.'i. The npiirovBl of the appnlntmentu of nil forctitn airpntn or cnntiiilH In tlip I'nlted Stnten of the loninn Nlnndit hIirU ho
liy the Senixte, through the medium of liU hli;hiiertn the president thereof, with the eoneurrenee of hh exeelleney the lord
lii^fh enmnds'.loner of the protectlni; sovere'irti.
t). With n view to ensure the most perfeet protertlon to the eouimerep of these Islands, every vessel, imvlitntlnir under
the lunliin llnir, shall lie l)onud, hefore le.iviuj; the port <if llie Ionian Stales to which she lielonijM, to provide herself with
n pass, siifiied by his exeellem^y the lord hli;li eonunlsslimer of the proteetinir sovereiifu, and no vessel sailing witiiont sneh
pass, shall he eonsideri'cl as navliraliiiif neeordiiifr to law. lint it is reserved to his majesty tlie prott'etiUK: sovereiifii to
ileplde how far It may he necessary, that, Independent of hucIi pa.ss, they should further he hound to supply tliemselvux with
Meiliterranean passes.
Section V.—OflheSiinitn,
Article 1. Wherpfts tlip prntpptlutr and protected State have nu eipial rlpht and Intprrst In the irrent object of the
prpservation of the pnlilic health, it Is hereby declared, the controid of the Snnita throuu'hont the I'nited States of the Ionian
Islands shall be vested in the hainls of his excellency tlii' loid hiirh conunissioner (f the proteetinir sovereign, who shall
regulate, accordinif to the rules of Sauita, the relative (piarantiiies to be perfornu'd in all instances, Kivinic due uollee of the
same : siiall Hx the nmnlier of oftieers to he ein|)loyiMl, anil nauu' In each Inland the heads of the otlice of Saiutn, heiiur either
llritisji or loninn subjects ; but all other nppointnu'uts nnide upon tids head shall be subject to the approbation of the senate,
and, as far as relates to immliers and amount of salary, to the consideration of the lc);;islative assembly, as livrelid)eforu
staled in resanl to the civil list.
'.'. Tlie post-ottice in each island shall hereafter be considered as an integral part uf the Sanita.
Sfcliiin V'l. — 0/ l/if Niiliitniil Ciilourn iinil Anmiiint Hriiiiiis!.i.
Article 1. The national commercial Wnif of the l-'nited States of the huilan Islands, os directed by the seventh orlicle of
the treaty of I'aris, shall be the oritfinal Hap of these States, with the addition of the British t'nion, to be placed in the up ^i-r
eiirner, next to the llau'-staft'.
■i. On usual days, the Uritish colours shall be hoisted on all the forts within tlie I'nited States of the Ionian Islands,
but a standard >hall be made, to be hoisted on days of public rejoieiiiK and festivity, according: to tile moilel of the oiinorial
beariiiK's of the said States.
:i. Tlie arms or armorial iicarbiifs of the I'nited States of the Ionian Islands shall hereafter consist of the British arms
in the ci'Utre, surrounded liy the arms of each of the islands composing the said Stales.
I. The armorial lieariutrs of eaeli of the islands shall consist of the individuul arms of the island, and such emblem,
denotiiiff the sovereign protection, as may be deemed advisable.
I
Senate, subject
a bill presented
ie mauucr con-
Sectiim VII. — (ifiifml Cl'iiises.
1 . It is reservpd to his excpUenpy thr lord liitjli commissioner <if the protectinfr sovpreifrn to have the power, by mpssni;c
to the le;;islative assembly, to call the attention of parliament to any point or points which may liereafter appear to have
been omitted or netrlceted in the present constitntioiml chart, and on rcceivinir such messatje, the letjislative assembly shall
decree itself to be siltint? under this clause, and shall proceed forthwitii to the eonsideratum of tlie point or points sub-
milted to tliem by his excellency the lord hi;;;, commissioner of the pi otectiiiK sovereign i but on all such occasions, what-
ever may be aifrecdonby the iiariiameut, must be ratilied by his majesty the protecting sovereiijii, after wliicli it shall he
considered as forming' part • "le constitutional chart itself.
2. As many cases may arise, wliere no speeilic provision is m.ide in the present constitutional chart, on all such
occasions rclerence shall be had, by amUoify, to the chart itself, and the general principle and rule laid down in one case is
to lie considered as applicable to another of a similar nature, wliicli admits of sucli aiiplieation, though such ea.se itself is
not stated specifically in the said constitutional chart.
;i. In the instance of all maritime tiausaetions, and , the coUcctiim of customs, it shall he competent for the proper
authorities to eniphiy eitlier British or loniin subjects.
I. There shall be a general priiitiiiir otlice in tlie United States of the Ionian I dands, which shall be established at the
permanent scat of the government tlieieof, and the press shall be placed uader the immediate cniitroul of the Senate, and
of Ills excellency the lord liigli coinmissicuier of the iirotectiii!; sovereign, and umiertlie superhitendanee of the secretary
of the general department of the Senate ; and no other prinliiig press sliall be set up and emphiyed, without the previous
licence of the Senate, and the sanction of his exeelleney the lord high commissioner of the protecting sovereign.
.I. A speeilic law shall settle the terms, time and mode for the natur.ilization of foreign sniijeets in tlie>e St.ate.s ; but the
subjects of the protecting power sliall in all instances be entitled to uatnralizatuin in half the time tliat is reiinired for those
of any foreign power j and a sulijeet of tlie protecting power, or of any other power, may lie at once naturalized by a bill
to tliat eft'ect, without rel'ereuee to any tixed time of resilience in these States, wliicli shall be laid down in the law itself.
li. His excellency the lord liigli commissioner of tiie protecting sovereign, independent of all other powers iUready
vested ill liim, sliall posses the right of being present at the sittings of the legislative assembly, or of the Senate, whenever
he shall deem it fitting or necessary.
7. NotwithstandiuR the provisions made in the first section of the present chapter, relative to the general mode ol
proceeding in all instances of malversation in oflieej the power of suspension or dismissal, as far as relates to British
subjects, rests with and is reserved to his excellency the lord high eommissiimer of tlie protecting sovereign exclusively.
H. The rigtit of representation and petition, wliether in bodies or by imlividuals to the protecting sovereign, or his
ministers, shall be granted in the fullest manner to the Ionian people ; but the petition of iudieiuuals must be addressed to
his majesty's secretary of state, and that of iiodies of public functionaries may he directed to Ids niiijesty, through the menus
of his secretary of state; provided alsvays, such representation <ir petition (of wiiatever nature it maybe} shall be trans,
mit ted through the medium of liis excellency the bird higii commissioner of the protecting sovereign, and a correct copy
of the same be sent to him at tlic time such representation, memorial, or petition shall be transmitted.
!). In the case of the death, necessary absence, or indisposition of his excellency the lord high commissioner of the
protecting sovereign, the person or persons charged by hiin, by warrant under his hand and seal, with the execution of the
bi^li functions confided to him by his sovereign, shall be eoiisiilercd, jjro ti'mpnre, as pos-essing all the jiowers and autho-
riiies vested in his excellency the lord high commissicmer himself.
Ml. Whereas it aiipeais that heretofore the secretaries and others considered themselves as having certain responsibility
attached to their otlices, and that they had a latitude of acting (U- not acting in tlieir various situations, according to their
own judgment ; it is clearly to be understood, that all responsibility shall cease in tlie instance of every ministerial oflieer j
and that all such shall be liound, I'x nfficiu, to execute the orders of his superior or superiors, all responsibility resting with
them.
II. It is clearly to he understood, that in the instance of all successions, where a vacancy occurs, either by death or
otherwise, that the person or persons sneceeding'to such situation or situations, sliall only hold his or their office for the
period of time the person to whom they did so succeed was entitled to hold it.
\-l. Whereas the basis of tlie new constitution of these Statis is only generally laid down in the present constitutional
chart ; and whereas it is of the first necessity that no time shouhi be lost iu bringing forward tlie necessary laws to give it
effect, it is declared, that the prcent legislative assembly, on their nueting subseiiuent to tlie signincation of the pleasure
of the protecting sovereign, in regard to the ratification of the said chart, shiMI he held to be the first parliament of the
United States of the Ionian Islamls : and that the session, in Ueu of commencing the 1st of Mnrch, as ordered in the chart.
270
APPF.NDIX VII.— F.UROrE.
iih«ll rommrnpp t)irpp ilayH attpr the proniiilirntloii of Hie rntiflcatlon i lti« uperatlnim, and the lecnntl leMlon «liall rum
nieiici', iinikT the orm-tlHilldiml rtinrt, Hm- 1st nf Mnrcli, IMM).
(Sl(fin'<l) H. TlKcitolijr, I'ri'xiiU'iit. Chv. ('nllclilnpiilo, Alcxandro Moriettl, Nlcnlo Aninn, Vlttor ('nrrtdl, Ih-iTicirln
I-'occ irill, KiciiiMo lliil/d, Killcf ZhiiiIicIII, Hasillo Znvn. ViiUtIo Stnl, (liovaiini Moriclil, Stcmiim I'. Hcnrilill, Aiiii«tic|„
llattuli, AiiHHtR->lii Cnsiimati, (lliio mo ('. MiiiiKnro, Nitlrlillon (iiHlllnn Aiiaiitnxlf), Antniilii l^fnM'hllo, Cavr. Nli-nlii A)(iirH/,ii
MarliKi Vi'Ka, Mrcciln I). Dnlliiportn, Miiirldloii Mctnxa Llxro, .Si'lm^tlrtiio ScIiIiiiIhii, hftrn Coidnii, Dniiirl Cnrldaii, l'ii',|il
(iiiitlliiil, SiilrlillMii Fnccn, Di'iiictrlo Arninitaclu', Diciiil-I" (ii'iiiiimta, (iliillii Diiiiiciuxlilnl, I'rBiici'Mcd Mu7./:aii, MUIhi,.
Mcrcatl, (ildvaiiiil Mcll^lno, Marijii) I, StvlTtuio, AhkpIo Cimdarl, Nlculo C'avada, Flt-tro Fi'ttroziiixilo, Olv. Piiixiia Mi-,,i..
Vldo, Hicffano Kuiiiirl.dtl. '
K. PlaNkct, Secretary. Sidney Oabornc, Secretary, ?>lmctrlo Cuuut VaaUmarlil, Secri'tnrv.
GinRAfTAR— CIIAUTF.R OF JUSTICK, Ist Srptcmhrr, ISHO.
William tiik Fmnrii, by tho ^rTo of God, of the United KinRdoin of (Jrcnt Uritniii and Ireland, Kini;,
Di'findcr of tlu' Fnitli, to all to whom these jiresents HJinll come, greeting :
Wherrns our royiil father and jiredecessor King CJeorsje the Third, by letters-patent under the great seiij di
the United Kingdom of Great llrilaiii and Irelan<l, bearing date at W estniiiister the twelfth day of May, in tlir
fifty-seventh year of his reign, did erect and constitute a court of judicature within the garrison and terril(]iv
of Gil)raltar, to be called by the nauu' of the Court of Civil I'lens at (iilualtar : And whereas hy the said
letters-patent provision was made for the administration of justice in the said garrison and territory, ami it
was thereby declared that the said lettcrs-pateiit should he and remain in force only until his said late
Majesty, his heirs and successors, should be pleaseil to alter, revoke, or determine the same: And wlnri.is
It is expedient that the said letters-patent be revoked : Now know ye, that we have revoked, and do liertby
revoke, the before mentioned letters-patent and every part thereof.
And whereas it is expedient that provision be made for the better and more effectual administration (jf
justice in our garrison and territory of Gibraltar, and for that purpose oiu' supreme court of justice, to he
liolden therein in the n\anncr and form hereinafter mentioned, should he constituted ; Now know ye, tlint
we, of our special grace, certain knowledge, and mere motion, have thought tit to grant, direct, ordir, and
eppoint, and by these presents do accordingly for us, our heirs, and successors, grant, direct, order, and
appoint that there shall be within our said garrison and territory a court which shall be called " The
Supreme Court of Gibraltar;" and we do hereby create nn<l constitute the said supreme court a cnurt (if
record. And we do further will, ordain, and appoint tliat the said s\ipreme court of (iihraltar shall consist
of, and he holden by and before one judge, to be called the " Judge of the Supreme Court of Gihralta'-i"
and that the said judge shall be a barrister in F.ngland or Ireland of not less than three years standing, or nii
advocate admitted to practice in our court of session in Scotland by the space of three years ; and the said
judge shall froin time to time be nominated and appointed to such his ollice by us, our heirs and successors,
by letters-patent under the great seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland : And wo (Id
hereby declare, ordain, and grant, that, upon the death, resignation, or sickness, or incapacity of the said
judge, or in case of his absence from the said garrison and territory, or in case of any such suspension fmni
office as hereinafter inentioned of any such judge, it shall and may be lawful to and for the governor of o,n-
said garrison and territory lor the time being, by any instrument to be by him for that purpose made ;uid
issued under the public seal of the said garrison and territory, to nominate and appoint some fit and propc r
person to act as and in the place and stead of any such judge so dying or resigning or labouring under sutli
sickness or incapacity as aforesaid, or being so absent as aforesaid from the said garrison and territory, or
being so suspended, until the vacancy so created by any such death or resignation, or sickness, or incapacity,
or absence, or suspension, shall be supplied hy a new appointment, to ^" made in manner aforesaid, by us,
our heirs and successors, or until the judge so becoming sick or incapable, or being absent or suspended as
aforesaid, shall resume such bis oHlce and enter into the discharge of the duties thereof; And we do further
will, ordain, and grant that the said judge shall hold such his office during our pleasure : Provided nevir-
thelcssthat it shall and may be lawful for the governor of our said garrison and territory for the time being,
by any order to be by him for that purpose made and issued under the ptiblic seal of the said garrison and
territory, upon the proof of the misconduct of any such judge as aforesaid, to suspend him from such his
office and from the discharge of the duties thereof: Provided that, in every such case, the said governor
shall immediately report for our information, through one of our principal secretaries of state, the grounds
and causes of such suspension. And we do further grant, ordain, and appoint that the said supreme court
of Gibraltir shall have and use, as occasion may require, a seal bearing a device and Impression of our royal
arms within an exergue or label surrounding the same, with this inscription, " The Seal of the Supreme
Court of Gibraltar :" And we do hereby ordain, grant, and appoint that the said seal shall be delivered to
and shall be kept in the custody of the said judge ; and in case of vacancy of or suspension from the office
of judge, the same shall be delivered over to and kept in the custody of such person as shall he appointed
by the said governor of our said garrison and territory to act as and in the place and stead of the said judge.
And we do further grant, ordain, and declare that the said judge, so long as he shall hold his office, shall be
entitled to and have and receive such salary as shall be granted to him by us, our heirs, and successors, and
that such salary shall be in lieu of all fees of office, perquisites, emoluments, and advantages whatsoever;
and that no fee of office, perquisite, emolument, or advantages whatsoever other than and except the said
salary shall be accepted, received, or taken by any such judge on any account or on any pretence whatso-
ever. And we do further ordain, appoint, and declare that no such judge as aforesaid shall be capable of
accepting, taking, or performing any other office or place of profit or emolument within our said garrison
and territory, on pain that the acceptance of any such other office or place as aforesaid shall be and may he
decreed in law, de facto, an avoidance of such his office of judge; and the salary thereof shall cease and be
deemed to have ceased accordingly from the time of the acceptance of any such other office or place.
And we do hereby constitute and appoint our trusty and well-beloved Barron Field, esquire, to be the
AIM'F.NniX VII.— I.IIROPK.
271
Mion ihall dm.
"nrrldl, Di'tnctrio
'iirilili, AiiHHticin
NU'oli) .\Kiirii/,(),
'I Ciirlilaii, I'lmiii
^Iil//Hii, Miilidc
V, PHonia, Mi'i>|(i
will, SciTctnry.
•eland, Kill!;,
in Rfcftt si'iil (it
of Mny, ill tl,r
II mill tcrrildi V
as liy till saiil
I'rritory, and it
il his siijil Intc
And svlu'iciiH
and do lu'itliy
ministrafion u(
f jiisticr, til lie
know yi', tlint
Tft, ordtr, mid
cct, (irik'f, hikI
e called "Tin;
luirt a (viiirt nf
ar shall l•ll^si^t
(if CJiliraltu'- ;"
itandiiif,', or im
. ; niul the sfiIiI
anil succis.sors,
1 : And Wi." (1(1
ity of tl'.L' said
ispcnsion finm
ovcniiir of (iir
pose inadu and
fit and piopi I'
g iiiidiT siidi
1 ti'iritoi y, iir
or incapacity,
orcsaid, by us,
suspended as
we do further
rovidcd ne\tr-
c time being,
garrison and
from such liis
said governor
, the grounds
uprcme court
n of our royal
the Supreme
le delivered to
roin the office
be appointed
ho said judge.
uffice, shall he
uccessors, and
s whatsoever ;
cept the said
tence whntso-
be capable of
said garrison
le and may he
ce&se and be
place.
ire, to be the
fli-«t jiiflgp nf thn wiprpino court of Glbraltur: And \w do heri'liy ordain, dppolnt, and dpolaro that thfff
shall be attacUed and bcloii;; to the naid court auch and so many olllcers as to the jiid>;e uf tlie said court
for the time lu-iiiK shall, from time to time, apjicar t(< be necessary for tlii' adniinistratidii of justice and ttie
due rxeciitioit of the powers and aiithorifies which are irnintcd and rommifteii to the said court by these our
letters-patent: IVovided nevertheless, that no new olllcer shall be created In the said court unlc'S the
governor of tir.' said gitrrison and territory shall llrsi signify liis approbation thereof to the said judge for the
time being, in writing, under the hnnd of such goveriiitr. And we do further onlain and direct tl-.at alt
persons who shall and may be .ippointed to the ofllccs of registrar or protlioiiotarv, and master or keeper
of records, or marshal of the said court, and that nil persons who shall be appointed in the said court to any
ofllces to which the duties shall corrc pond to those performed by the master or luofliiinotary of any or
cither of our courts of record at Westminster, or to the nberilf of any county in lliigland, shall be so appointed
by us, our heirs, and successors, by warrant under our or their royal sign inaiiiial ; and that all |ierson» who
shall and mny be appointed to any other ollice within the supreme court shall be so apiioiuted by the governor
for the time being of the said garrison and territory. And we do further direct and appoint that the several
(itllccrs of the said court shall bold their respective offices during our pleasure. And we do hereliy authorize
and empower the said supri'ine court of fJibriiltar to a|iprovp, admit, ami enrol, as barristers, advocates, soli-
<it(irs, and attorneys, any persons who have been adi.iitted as barristers in Knglaiid or Ireland, or as advocates
III the court of session of Scotland, or to the degree nf doctor of laws at our I'niviTsities of Oxford, Cam-
liridge, or liublin, or as attornies or solicitors of any of onr courts of record at Westminster or Dublin, or as
doctors in any ecclesiasticiij court in Kngland or Ireland, or as writers to the signet in Scotland, and
any persons who have been at any time heretofore admitted to practise as ailvocates, barristers, attornies,
solicitors, or proctors in the court of civil and criminal justice heretofore existing in our said garriso;i anil
territory. And we do further authorize our said supreme court to approve, admit, and enrol, ;is such at-
tornies, solicitors, or jiroctors as aforesaid, such and so many persons as may bo instructed, within our
said garrison and territory, in the knowledi^e and practice of the law, by ony barrister, advocate, attorney,
solicitor, or proctor duly adiiiittcil to practise in the said court ; and which persons shall be so approved,
admitted, and enrolled, according to and in pursuance of any genernl rule or rules of court to be for that
purpose made in manner hereafter directed. And we do ordain and declare, that persons approved, ad-
mitted, and enrolled as aforesaid, shall be and they an hcreliy authorized to ajipear and plead and act for
the suitors of the said supreme court subject always to be removed by the said supreme court from their sta-
tion therein, upon rea-iouable cause. And wo do furtli r ordain, that no person or persons wh.itsoever, not
so approved, admitted, and enrolled as aforesaid shall be allowed to appear, plead, or act in the said supreme
cmirt, for or on behalf of any suitors in the said court. And we do lirreliy further ordain, direct, and ap-
jinint that the said sii|iremp court of (iibraltar shall have cogni/ance of alt pleas and jurisdiction in all causes,
whether civil, criminal, or mixed, arising within the said garrison and territory, with jurisdiction over all
our subjects and all other persons whomsoever residing and being within the said garrison and territory,
save as hereinafter is i xci'iited. And we do further give and grant to the said supreme court of Ciibraltar
full po, cr, authority, and jurisdiction to judge and determine all ipiestions there arising, according to the
laws now in force within our said garrison and territory, and all such other laws as shall at any time here-
after be made and estoblished for the peace, order, and government thereof, by us, our heirs and successors,
with the advice and consent of parliament, or in our or their privy council, or by the governor of tlioraltar
for the time being. And we do further give aiid grant to the said supreme court full pow".-, jurisdiction,
and authority to review the proceedings of all inferior courts of justice within our said garrison and territory,
and, if necessary, to set aside or correct the same. Provided always that nothing herein contained shall ex-
tend or be construed to give to the said supreme court any authority to review the proceedings of any court
martial holden within the said garrison and territory. And we do further onlaiii, direct, and appoint, that,
in any criminal case depeniling before the said supreme court, the trial of the party or parties accused shall
be before the judge of the said court and a jury of twelve men, who shall concur in every verdict to be given
on the trial of any such accused party or (larties ; and every such verdict shall be delivered in open court by
the mouth of the foreman of evi'ry such jury, anil shall be tin reiiiion reiiorded ami read over to such jury,
before they are discharged from attendance on the said court. Provided also, and we do further
direct and apjioint, that all issues of fact arising in civil suits or actions depending in the said court,
shall be tried and decided by the said judge and three assessors, to be appointed as hereiiiHl'ter
mentioned, until otherwise provided for by linv; and that the verdict of the said judge and assessors
on the trial of any such issue shall be according to the majority of votes ; hut if such votes should be
c(|imlly divided, then according to the opinion of the said judge ; and every such verdict shall be
delivered in open court by the mouth of the said judge. And in all cases where the sum or matter at
issue in any such suitor action shall exceed or be of the value of more than £100 sterling, British monc)',
the said judge shall cause the evidence on every such trial as aforesaid to be taken down in writing by the
clerk or other proper officer in open court, in the presence of the witnesses respectively giving the same, and
the evidence so taken shall be entered upon the proceedings of the said court and be of record ; and in every
case in which any appeal shall be made and allowed under the provisions of this our charter, from any judg-
mvMit of the said court, copies of all documents and papers which shall have been produced and given in
evidence, shall be certified and transmitted by the said clerk or other proper officer as authentic ; and also
copies of any documents and papers which shall have been produced and tendered in evidence and rejected,
sliidl, if required by the party producing the same, be in like manner authenticated, but marked by such
officer as aforesaid as rejected, in order that all such copies may be annexed to the record as part thereof in
case of appeal. And we do further direct and declaiv, that it shall be lawful for the judge, on the applica-
tion of either of the parties, plaintive, or defendant, at or before the trial of any issue joined in any civil
suit or action commenced in the said court, to permit the evidence on such trial to be recorded and certified
as aforesaid, although the sum or matter at issue may be loss than €100 sterling; provided that it shall be
in m
4
'ill
AI'PKNniX VII.— KlJllOI'K.
nmilr to iipponr ti> micli jikIkc timt hiicIi jiKlgMR'ut, tit'croe, onlir, or kiiiIcmcc, vsliicli miiy lie Kiveii, made, m
|iri)iiiiiiii('i'il in niicli Huit or nctioii, inny ))(' ot' kik-Ii iiii|i()rtHi)C(> hh to ri'iiiU'r tt jiropfr thnt nn »|>|it'al nhoiilil
III' iu'l'iiiitlcd. Aii'l W(> do further ordniil nnd direct, thnt nii jiidi{niei)t or Keiitciico of tlie ii(i|irenic' court, ui
iiiiy criiiiinni enne, wliereliy iiny |iertiiii uliidl lie eonileiiiiii'd todentli or trniiH|iortiitloii, or linuinhiiu'iii from
tlif ''iiid KnrrlH'iii iitid teriitiiry, <tlinll lie eiirricil into execution until n report of all the proeeedinifH upon any
Kueh trill! Imtli lieeii litid lietore or trniiHiiiitteil to the Kovernor of tlie Hiiid Kiirrison itiid territory liy (lie
JiidKe preHidiiiK iit niiy Huehtriiil, und until nucIi |j;<ivernor nIiiiII have Huthori/.ud nilil approved the execiilinn
of Hiicli seiiteiiee. Providid nlwiiy^, thnt no olVieer, soldier, or other person in nctiiid pny a» a ineinher of
tlio Kxrriiioii, hIiiiII he nrre^ted, imprisoned, or tuken in execution) vsithoiit leave of the );overnor of the Miii>l
Xiirrison and territory liriit olitained in writiiiK for that purpose. I'rovided always, and we do hvn hy furtlier
will mid declare, thnt in rase any action rir suit shall he he>;iin, instituted, or prosecuted nt;ain8t any otVicer,
soldier or other person, in pay as a nienilier of our garrison, to recover dama^'cs for any trisspass, assault,
hrtltery, or othrr violence or wroiiR coiniiiitted, or nlle;;ed to have lieen committed, hy hitn or them, or for
any dnmn^e or injury whatsoever, not liein< a matter of detit, account, or continct, or relating to any rii;lit
or title to anv lands, houses, tenements, or hereditaments, or any interest therein, it shall he lawful lor tin
(jovernor for the time hcinn of the said garrison and territory, at his discretion, liy onhr under his hi''.,!,
to Hiispeiid such proceedin(j, anil to order the stayinn thereof at any time hefore judt^ment, c; ki htay
and suspend any eMCiition from issuing' upon any such judgment; nnd upmi delivery of such order to
the ri'i^istrnr of the said court, or to the person actiii); ns rejjistrnr of the said court, all such proceedings
slmll cease and lie stayed until such order shall lie revoked by the governor for the time heiiij;, savint;
to the plaintilf or plaintitfs, in any such action or suit, nil such suits and remedies ns he, she, or tlii'y may
be or would have hern entitled to liistitute in I'Jii^land or elsewhere out of the said garrison nnd territory
•if (iihrnltar, if the said action or suit, so stayed, had not been there commenced. And we do hereby also
further ordain anil direct, that in cases in which any olVicer, solilieri or other person in actual pay as a
member of the garrison sliiill have been arrested, imprisoned, or taken in execution, with the leave of the
governor as aforesaid, it shall be nevertheless lawful for the t;overnor for the time being, by nn order in
writiiu: sii^ned by him, nl'terwards to order and direct, that such oflicer, soldier, or other person shall be di'*-
charKcd from such arrest, imprisoniiieiit, or execution; and the olVicer or K'loler, in whose ciistoily nucji
nllicer, soldier or other pei'^on shall huppen to be, is hereby imtliorizeiK empowered, and commanded I'ortli-
witli, upon the receiiit of such order, to di''.char;j;e him out of c'l^tody. And wc do hereby ordain and direct,
thnt such discharge tinder such oriK'r shall shall not be deemei an escape from the custody of such otlicer or
gaoler, but thnt such order of di»char(»e shall be and be taken to be an indemnity to such ollieer or gaoler for
such discharpe. And we ilo hereby further ordain and direct, that in all such cases the governor for the
thne being who shall have signed such order of discharge, shall forthwith state and deliver, in writing, to the
said judge, his reasons for having issued such order of discharge, and shall transmit a copy thereof to us
through one of our principal secretaries of state. Provided always, thnt such discharge from imprisonment
5hnll in no degree release the party so discharged from the debt on nceount of which his body had been
taken ill execution. And we do further grant, ordnin, direct, and niijioiht, that it shall and may lie lawful
for tho said judg", by any rules or orders of court to be by him from time to time for that purpose made
nnd published, to frnme, constitute, nnd establish such rules, orders, nnd regulations ns to him shall seem
meet, touching and ooncerning the time nnd place of holding the said suiireme court, nnd touching the
forms and manner of proceeding to be observed in the supreme court, and the practice nnd iilending upon
all actions, suits, and other matters both civil nnd criminal, indictments and informations to be therein
brought, the appointing of commissioners to take bail nnd exnmine witnesses, the examination of witnesses
(<(' licni' <'.v.«(' and allowing the same' ns evidence, the proceedings of the mnrslinl and other ministerial ollicers
of the said court, the process of the said court, and the mode of executing the same, the fees and emoluments
to be demanded and taki'n by the advocates, attornies, and ollicers of the said court, thesummoning, impannel-
ling, and challengingof juries, the aclmission of barristers, advocates, attornies, solicitors, and proctors in the
said court, and touching and conceriiiog all such other matters and things necessary for the proper conduct aiiil
despatch of business in the said supreme court ; and all such rules, orders, and regulations from time to time
to revoke, nltir, amend, or renew, as occasion may re(|uire : I'rovided always, that no such rules, orders, and
regulations shall he repugnant to this our charter, and that the same shall be so framed as to jiromote, as far
as may be, economy and expedition in the despatch of the business of the said supreme court ; and that all
such rules and forms of practice, process, and proceeding shall, so far as the circumstances of the said gar- I
rison and territory may permit, be framed with reference to the corresponding rules nnd forms in use in
our courts of record in Westminster ; and that the same be drawn up in (ilain succinct, nnd compendious [
terms, avoiding all unnecessary repetitions nnd obscurity, and promulgated in the most public and authentic
manner in the same garrison and territory for three months at least Infore the same shall operate and take
ell'ect. Provided always, that all such rules, orders, and regulations shall forthwith be transmitted tons, I
our heirs, and successors, under the seal ot the said court, for our or their approbation, correction, or ills- j
allowance. And whereas it may be expedient and necessary to make provision respecting the fpinlificationF
of jurors and assessors to serve in the said court, and the mode of enforcing the attendance of such jurors
nnd assessors: nnd it may also he expedient and necessary to make provision for the extension of trial liyl
jury in the said supreme court, in civil cases : \ow we do further ordain, direct, and appoin*, that it shall |
and may be lawful for the governor for the time being of our said garrison and territory to niakeaiid esta-
blish all such laws, statutes, and ordinances as to him may seem meet, respecting the matters aforesaid, wliichj
laws, statutes, and ordinances shall forthwith be transmitted to us for our approbation, correction or disnl'
lowancc. And whereas it may be ex|)cdient to establish within our said garrison and territory courts ofl
request, and other courts having jurisdiction in civil cases of small ainiuiit or value, and in cases of criii)es|
or offences not punishable with death, transportation, or banishment : Now we do hereby authorize and
empower the governor lor the time being of our garrison and territory, by any laws and ordinances to ba
APPKNDIX VII.— F.l'ROri:.
;!7;»
;ivcii, inadf, oi
n|>|ifal Khoiilil
ri'iuo CKUi-t, III
iimhiiu'iii fidin
iiiiKH iipijii any
iTritory liy llii"
I tiK' I'XlX'llliDIt
,s a inumlicT <il'
lor of till' siiiil
hen liy I'urtlii 1
Inst nny (illit'ir,
•HHpilSH, llSSftlllt,
or tlii'tii, or for
iiK to ttiiy ri«lit
• Inwl'iil lor tlir
iiuli'r his h""'..!,
lint, (/. to stay
if such orilcr to
ich proci'iihiiKs
le lii'iiiK, HUviiiK
hr, or they inny
n iiiul ti'rntoiy
(Id hcriiiy iiUo
nctuul |iuy a» a
■\\v It'iivi' of thf
, by an orilir in
son sliiitl 1)1' di"-
)SC CUStOlly nMCll
iiiiiniviiili'd forth-
rdiiin niid dirtct,
of siu'h otViciT or
k'l'r or gaoler for
governor for the
II writing, to tlii'
ipy thereof to us
im iniprisonincut
IS body had lieen
d niiiy lie liiwful
at purpose made
o him shall seem
iiul toiicliing the
id pki«ling upon
from fiinp to time mnd.' for that purpose, to erect, conntitiitp, nnil cntnliliMli ull mich eoi;rtM of re<piri«t ami
iithrr roiirtii Iikviiir Juriii'iictioii In civil and criinlnnl cases within our snid garrlnon nnil territory : IVovidud
that the jurisdiction of Hoch civil courts xhnll nl lit- extended to nny canu wherein the poini or ninlter in
dispute slmll exceed the Riiioiint or value of ■10/ sterling money, or wlierein the title to nny Inii-ls or ten».
ments, or any fee, duty or olliee may be i i (|Ueistlon, or whereby rights in future may be bound ; and p«<o.
vldcd also, that the Jurisiliction of hui.Ii courts in criminal cases shull not be extended to any cose '^hecelH
any person may be aci'iixed of any crime pnniHliable by death, transportation, or biinishment lr'"n ' iC mW
garrison and territory. And we do hereby authorize and eini'ower the said governor, by aim ,ili the
ailvicc of our said judge l<ir the time being, to make, ordain, and establish all t|i'ees:iary rules, order*, or
rcgulatlnns n'specting the niaiiner and form of proceeding, and the mode of trial ol olfeiulers in any such
lastmentionpil courts, and reN|ieeting the maimer and lorin of carrying the judgments ami orders* vif siicli
courts into execution, and all hiicIi other riih's, ordi'rs, and rcguhitions as may be iipcc-smi / for givi.ig full
and perfect cirecf to tlie jiirisiliction of tin; .^iiid courts. And we ilo hereby grant, ordaiM, und direct, that it
shall and may bo lawful Uit nny person or persons, being a party or parties to nny civ I suit or action de-
pending in the said siiprrmo court of the ginrisini and territory of (Gibraltar, to nju 'sl to us, our heirs,
and siii'ccsKors, in our their privy couni il, against nny linal judgment, decree, or Mnteiice of the snid
court, or against any rule or order made in any such civil suit or action having the effect of a tinal or
definitive sentence ; and which appeals shall be made siibji ct to the rules, rcgiilai ions, and limitations fol-
lowing, tlial is to say, in case any such judgment, decree, on er or sentence ^hall be given or pionounced for
or in respect of any sum or matter at issue above the ainonntor value of three hundred |)(mnds sterling, or
ill case such judgment, decree, order or sentence shall involve, directly or indirectly, any claim, demand, or
ipiestion to or respecting projicrty, or any civil right, umoinring to or of the value of three hundred poiinda
sterling, the person or persons feeling aggrieved by nny sneli juilgment, dec ii e, oriler or sentence of the said
supreme court, may, within fourteen days next niter the same shall have been pronouncid, made, or given,
apply to the snid supreme court, by petition, for leave to appeal theielfom to us, our heirs, and succosors,
in our or their privy council ; and in case such leave to ajipcal shall be prayed by the party or parties who ia
or are directed to pay any sum of money, or pertorni any duty, the said sujireme court shall and is hereliy
empowered to direct that the judgment, decree, order, or sentence appealed from shall be carried into
execution, or that tlie exec iitioii tliereid' shall be suspendi'd pending the said appeal, as to the said court
may in each case apjiear to lie most consistent with real and substantial justice. And in case the supreme
court sliall direct such judgment, decree, order, or seiitciice to be carried into execution, the person or per-
sons in whose favour the same shall be given, shall, bclore the execution tliercof, enter into good ond sulli-
cicnt security, to be approved by the saiil supreme couit, lor the due |irrformnnce of such judgment or order,
as we, our heirs, and successors shall think lit to make thereupon; or in case the said supreme court shall
direct the execution of any judgment, decree, order, or sentence to be suspended pending the said appeal,
the (lerjon or persons against whom the same shall hnvebeeii given shall in like manner, and belore any order
for the siis|)eiision of any such execution is made, enter into good and siillicieiit security, to be approved by
the said supreme court, for the dm; performance of such judgment or order, as wc, our heirs, or successors
shall think fit to make thereupon ; and in all cases we will and recpiire that security .shall also be given by
the party or parties appellant, to the satisfaction of the supreme court, for the prosecution of the ap|ieal,
and for the payment oi all such costs as may be awunli'd by us, ourluii-;, and successors, to the party or
))arties respondent ; and if such last mentioned security shall be entered into within three months from the
date of such petitions for leave to appeal, then, and not ot herwisc, the said siiprenic court shall allow
the appeal, and the party or parties appellant shdl be at liberty to prefer nnd prosecute his, her, or their
appeal to us, our heirs, nnd successors, in our oi their [irivy council, in sucli manner and under suci; rules
as are observed in appeals mnde to us from our plaiitatinns or colonics. And we do hereby reserve to our-
selves, our heirs, and successors, in our or their jirivy council, full power and niithoiity, upon the huiiiblo
petition at any time, of any person or persons aggrieved by any judgment or determination o'' the
said supreme court, to admit his, her, or their appeal therefrom, upon such other terms, and upon
and subject to such other limitations, restrictions, and regulations as we or they sliall think lit ; nnd to re-
verso, correct, or vary such judgment or determination as to us or tboni shall seem meet. And it is our
further will and pleasure that in all cases of appeal allowed by the said supreme court, or by us, our heirs,
and successors, the said court shall certify and transmit to us, our heirs, and successors, in our or their
privy council, a true nnd exact copy of all evidence, proceedings, judgments, decrees, and orders, had or
made in such causes appealed, so far as the same have relation to the matter of appeal, sue") copies to hu
certified under the seal of the said court. And we do fiiither direct and ordain that the said supreme court
shall, in all cases of appeal to iis, our heirs, or successors, contorm to and execute such judgments and or-
ders as we or they shall think fit to make in the premises, in such nianner as any original judgment, decree,
or decretal order, or rule of the said supreme cnirt of tlie garrison nnd territory of liibraltar could or might
have been executed. And we do hereby strictly charge and command all governors, commanders, magis-
trates, ministers, civil and military, and all our liege subjects within and belonging to the said garrison and
terri ory, that, in the execution of the several powers, jiirisdietions, and authorities hereby granted, made,
given, or created, they be aiding and nssisiiiig and obedient in all things, as they will answer the Contrary
at their peril. I'rovided always that nothing in these i)rtseiits contained, or any act which shall be done
under the authority thereof, shall extend or be construed to extend to prevent us, our heirs, and successors
from revoking these presents or any part thereof, or from making such further or other provision, by letters
jmtent, for the administration of justice, civil and criminal, within the said garrison and territory, and the
places now or hereafter at nny time to be annexed thereto, as to us, our heirs, nnd successors shall seem fit,
in as full and ample a mnnner as if these ))iesents had not been made, these presents or any thing therein
contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding. And we do further ordain nnd direct that the gover-
nor of our said garrison and territory, upon the arrival therein of these presents, snull by pioclumation notify
274
AFPKNniX VII— EUROPE.
to the inhabitantB of the snid garrison ami territory the time when the said courts hereby cstahlished wiil
be open ; and as soon as the jiidRC of the snid supreme court shall have ossumcd and entered upon tlie exer-
cise of his jurisdiction therein, then and from thencefo»-*'> the court of civil pleas now er>tnblisl)ed within the
said KaT'S"" s'ld territory, and the court of appeals now established within the same, and all other courts
civil and criminal, shall be absolutely nliolished, cense, and determine ; and every suit, netion, complaint
matter, or thiuK civil and criminni, which shall be depending in such last-mentioned coiuts respectively,
shall and may l)C proceeded upon in the supreme court instituted under and by virtue of these presents;
and all proceedings which shall hi rcalver be h^id in such action or suit, or t)tlier matter, civil or criminal
respectively, shall he conducted in like manner as if such action or suit, or other matter, civil or criminal
had neen oriRimilly commenced in the said supreme court instituted under these presents : and all the re-
cords, muniments, and proceedings wlintaoever, of and belonging to the said courts of civd and criminni
justice, ami to the said court of appeals respectively, shall, from and immediately niter the opening of the
said supreme court instituted by these presents, l-'j delivered over to and deposited for safe custody ui such
|)lnce, and be thereafter kept by such person as our governor shall appoint ; and all parties concerned slinll
and may have recourse to the said reconls aiul proceedings, as to any other records and proceedings of the
said court. Ami wc do hereby further declare and direct, thnt during the absence from our said gnirison and
territory of the governor thereof, or if there shall he no person eommissioned hy us, our heirs, and sucees-
siHs to be the governor of our snid garrison and territory, then, and in every such case, all and everv tin
jiowers hereby granted to and vested in the governor for the time being of the said gnrri.-uui and teiritoiv,
bhall and may be executed by and vested in tlie lieutenant-governor thereof, for the otlieer or the time lieiii};
having cmnmand ol the troops. In witness whereof we have caused these our Utters to be made put eat.
Witness ourself at Westminster the first day of September in the first yenr of our reign.
Uy writ Oi I'rivy Seal.
Uatiumist
IJ. — Trade between Great Britain and flibraUnr, including Malta, from 1801, and the
following Islands.
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APPENDIX VIII.-ON EMIGRATION.
A. — Notices for genernl ciri'ulntion on l'''nigrntion to Austrnlin.
Ciovernnient Kniisintion 'iiiee, U, Middle Seotlimd-ynrd, 20tli October is;i7.
The present paper is printed for the encournf;enient of the eniiKrntioii of usefid settlers, (ioverniiieiit will
ocensionnlly send, fioni dillVrent parts of the I'nited Kingdom, ships provided expressly for the purpose, in
which free passages will be allowed to a limited number uf persons, who must fall within the following
description : —
They must belong to the class of mechanics and handicraftsmen, or of farm servants. They must be mar-
ried, and be accompanied to the colony by their wives. They will generally be taken under ST) years of age,
and must not exceed 50. They must be able to establish their character for industry, sobriety, ond good
moral conduct.
Although young women are no longer sent out separately, yet unmarried female relatives of married
couples going out under the r.bove descri)ition, and not bel(»w I.'), nor abuve ;<() years of age, will be allowed
a passage with their friends, (irovided tluygoout as forming part of the same family, and destined to remain
nnder its jiroteetion until otherwise provided for in the colony.
During the voyage the people will be under the cue and superintendence of a avirgeon, usually taken from
the list of surgeons of the Royal Navy who have already been in the colony.
The condition upon which the emigrants nre to be taken, is a fni" pussnge for themselves and their fami-
lies ; but they must defray out of their own means any expenses pitvious to joining the ship, and must come
supplied with a sullicient ipiantity of clothes for the voyage. Only provisions, bedding, and eookiug uten-
sils will be found for them.
The following is a list of clothing which may be considered indispensable for the voyage : —
Two suits of clothes, including two bats or bonnets, and two pair of shoes. Two tlannel jietticnats for
the women. I'rom six to twelve shirts or shifts. Kroni six to twelve pair of dark hose. Two pair of
diick trowscrs, and two neck-kerchiefs for the men. l-'or the women, dark cowns would be preferable to
light.
The precfiiing is given as a list of the very sniallest (|uantities which would siitVice ; but as a general
rule it may be statid, that the more abundant the stock of good clothing, the better for health and comfort
during the passage.
I'.very security will betaken for the CDnvenienee of the emigrants on their first landing, and information
will be provided for tliciu of the ileiiuind for eniploynient in ditrerent directions, so that the people may know
what opportunities are open to them. 'I'liey will be entirely free to woik for whom they please, and
will in no respect be bound to government, nor be liable to be called upon for repaynunt of the cost ot their
r.issage.
Any letters in reference to the subject of the present notice, should be addressed to T. Frederick F.lliot,
esip, agent-general for emigration, 1!, Middle Scotland-yard ; and, if by genei.d post, should be placed under
cover to the Under Secretary of State, (.'uloiiial OtVice, 1 ondi'n. 7'. Firdri'nk Ellml.
B. — Scheme of Victualling for Kmigrants oi» the Voyage from London to .\ustralia.
Days.
niscuit
Href.
Keiiiale Kniigraiits :
lb
lb.
Sunday
2-:his
4
IMoiulay .
2-3
Tuesday
2-3
i
Wednesday
2-3
Thursday
2-.t
4
Friday
2-3
, .
Saturday
2-3
4
Sunday
2-3
• •
Male luiiigrants .
Sunday
2-3ds
Monday .
•
, ,
Tuesday
2-:»
Wednesday
, ,
Tliurs<lay
2-,3
I'riday
Saturday
2-3
Sunday .
••
Pork.
Sugar.
lb.
I -3d
1-3
1-3
1-3
2-3ds
2-3
oz.
14
14
IK
14
14
14
14
14
14
li
14
14
14
14
14
Tea.
ox.
k
I I
Flour. I Peas, I Oatmeal.
Vinegar.
lb.
4
H
4
■i!
4
il
4
il
pt.
"i
"i
i
4
pt.
pts.
4
'
'
':
I -3d
':
weekly.
,
4
' 4
1-3(1
weekly.
And 80 in regular sticeession on alternate days during the voyage. Children not excee<ling 10 ycnis of ngc
to have two-thirds of the allowance above stated for females; und if 10 years and iipwards, to be victualled
usailults, viz. — The boys as men, and the girls as women.
Siitisiitutions of one article for another, ns for instance, excbaiigcs of rice, Hour, biscuit, and o'.iimeul, to
be made according to the proportions usual in government transports.
li
376
APPENDIX VIII.— ON EMIGRATION.
C — Return* showing the Average Wages of Mechanics and others, in the town of Sy.',ney, for the Six
Months ended 30th July, lM.3f), obtained from returns transmitted by the First Magistrate to the
Colonial Secretary's Office at Sydney.
en 3 bi)
ge Wages
iem, with
& lodsing.
« 5 bb
M 3 bb
foO.S
« - br
^ ■T. c
bo.t; .5
s :< bo
%' i* To
Trade or Calling.
ass
Trade or Calling.
ge W
m.wil
or loci
S-2
3i =»
bo S ^
U L, U
?
1
0; -a c
u u u
cj « c
> \. a
> 0) «
.^ u CO
>
<u «>
> u (d
< 1) o
< a. o
< oi c
<: 41
^
Q. C
^£i
^ CD
^ .c
^ a.j3
^ a.xi
«. d.
J3
». A.
*. rf.
I'.
i
S.
</.
£.
Hnkers
4 6
2 3
20
Gunsmiths
7
5
Hutchers .
4
2 2
52
Hatters
G (•>
Hrewers
6 8
4 10
Hair-dressers
5
Brickmakcrs
4 6
(Harness makers .
5 G
liricklayers .
7 3
Iron-founders .
G
Blacksmiths
f. 8
4 3
50
Joiners
G 3
brass. founders :
5
Jewellers .
5 8
G
Bell-hangers
6
2 8
'Labourers .
3 3
1
8
Boiler-makers
8 4
Lapidary . . ,
, ,
C
Bedstead-makers
6
Millwrights .
8
Boat-builders
7 3
Model-makers (ditto)
7 G
Block-makers (cabinet
Millers
G 2
3
10
20
work) .
6
j Meat-salters
3 G
Bookbinders
5
2 8
Nailers
4 10
4
3
Boot and Shoemakers
5 10
3 6
Overseers
, ,
2
5r.
Boot closers
C 8
Painters and glaziers .
5 4
3
Cari)enlcrs .
6 4
2 8
Plumbers and ditto .
6 2
Cabinet-makers .
5 4
3 8
Pump- makers
4
1
c
Coffin-makers
6
Pipe- makers
3 G
Chair-makers .
6
4
Printers
6
Chnir-cancrs
5
Pressmen
U G
Cane-workers .
7
5
Parchment-makers
G
Carvers
8 2
Plasterers
G fi
Clockmakers .
5 10
Qunrrymen .
5 G
Copper- plate printers .
.5
3
Rope-mukers .
4 G
2
G
Coppersmiths
4
i Saddlers
5
Cutlers .
5
Shoemakers
5 7
3
3
Curriers
7
5 2
80
Straw-bonnet- makers .
3 G
,
12
Comb-makers .
6
3
Sail-maker;
:>
Collar- makers
5 6
Stay-makers ;
4 2
Cooperst .
6 C
3 9
1 Soap, boilers
7 G
3
3
Coach-makers
7 G
Silversmiths
,^ G
Painters .
6 8
Shinglcrs and slaters
G G
Trimmers
7 f.
Stone-masons
7 G
Smith
r> 8
Shipwrights, carpenters.
Hammermen to ditto
4
1 and joiners ,
8
Harness-platers
C 8
Shipsmiths .
7 6
Confectioners .
f.
3 1
Sawyers . . .
7 2
Cooks ....
, ,
i 4
Tailors
6 6
3
'J
Carters
3 6
1 8
Tallow-chandlers
5 3
2
Dyers and scourers
5
3
Tunncrs
4 1
•>
Dress-makers .
, ^
2 6
10
Turners .
G G
3
Engineers
8 2
Tinmen
5 5
3
G
Engravers
G 9
Upholsterers .
7 2
3
G
Earrieis
5 .5
Weavers
, ,
1
4
File-cutters
6
Woolspinners .
, ,
2
1
French polishers .
5
Watchmakers
5 8
5
G
Fishermen
3
2 3
Wheelwrights .
G
•
,
G3
Fcllmongers
5
^Whitesmiths
G G
Caideners
3
I 4
24
Wireworktrs ,
,') G
Grooms and coachmen
4
••
20
• Sir R. Bourke, the governor, remarks on this return, that " iilthough confiiu'il to Sydney, it may be
considered applicable to the whole colony, servants of all kinds being engaged by the settlers in Sydney, and
taken from thence to their property in the interinr, while i)rov'isions of all di'scri|)tions, varying as they may
in price in dilferent districts, may reasonably be taken at the average of the Sydney market."
•f In respect to coopers, it is mentioiu'd in some evidence by Dr Lang, whose publications on New South
Wales are so well known in England, that the branch of making herring barrels is not wanted in the colony.
APPENDIX VIII.— ON EMIGRATION.
277
for the Six
rate
to
the
tn
J3
sh
Ml
a
bi)
i?
H
•a
.3
u
3
bC
C
»
at
C
<4
■H
•^
M
<
u
O
G-JS
n. — A Return showing the Average Wages of Mechanics and others In the Island of Van Diemen's Lnnd,
in the month of June, IH3G.
Trade or Calling.
Average ^^ ages
perdieni.without
board it lodging.
Average \N ages
per diem, with
board & lodging.
...
.•\verage \% ages
per annum, with
1 board & lodging.
Trade or Calling.
Average Wages
perdiem, without
board & lodging.
.•\verage W ages
per diem, with
board it lodging.
Average Wages
per annum, with
board & lodging.
».
J.
.«.
I. \
£.
s. d.
s.
d.
£.
Bakers
5
3
1
30
Millwrights
« G
5
55
Rutchers ,
5
3
1
30
Milliners
3 9
2
G
25
Boat-builders
6
f,
4
40
Mustard-makers
Brick makers
f>
T)
4
35
Milkmen
3 G
2
20
Bricklayers .
7
C
5
45
Nurserymen
4 G
2
6
25
Bellows-makers
Nailors
5 G
3
G
40
Blacksmiths
7
4
6
45
Painters .
G G
4
G
45
Bell-hanfjcra
6
Parchment-makers
G 1
Brass -founders
C
C
Pump-makers .
G G ,
4
G
40
hrewors .
7
5
45
Plough-makers
7 1
5
45
Collnrmakers
fi
4
35
Potters .
8 !
G
40
Confectioners .
4
6
3
G
30
Paper-makers
1
Chairmakcrs
6
4
40
Plasterers
7 5
45
Curriers .
C
C,
4
45 1
Ploughmen .
5 ' 3
40
Carpenfev .
6
(1
4
45
Provisiou-curcrs
'
Caulkers ...
7
4
6
4G
Plumbers
G G 4
G
40
Coopers . . .
7
4
G
4fi
Printers and Pressmen
5 9
Curtninkers
7
4
G
50
Quarrymen
5 G 3
C
30
Oiachniakcrs
H
c
G
55 '
Quill- preparers . .
Conipositor
7
,
50
Rope-makt.-s .
5 9
Cnndletnukers
f)
4
G
35
Saddlers
G
4
G
3G
C;al)inetmnkers
8
5
6
55 '
Shoemakers
G ,
4
G
35
Clieoseniakers
7
5
40
Sawyers . . ,
7
5
35
Coach -spring- makers
8
r,
r,
55 !
Shipwrights
9
Cooks (men)
.3
n
2
25 1
Stone-i, isons . .
7 G
5
40
Cooks (women)
3
1
G
17 !
Stone-cutters .
7 G
5
40
Colliers
Sail-makers
G 6 i
Coppersmiths .
7
Slaters and shinglcrs
6 G 4
38
(Sutlers
4
3
35
Shepherds .
4 G ; 3
30
Dyers
.'•.
■Sheep-shearers
G , 4
32
Dairvwomcn
3
1
G
17
Soap makers
4 G
Distillers .
5
•
^
CO
'sailors .
Engineers .
10
'Sail elofli -makers
I'iirmers .
4
r.
2
G
30
Sievo-uiakers .
4 9
2
30
Farriers
5
3
45
starch , ittkers
I'lax-dressers .
,Straw-i)l 'iters .
3
1
G
15
Fell mongers
T)
4
45
'Straw-hat-makers
3
I
G
15
Gardeners
r.
3
6
35
Turners .
5 6
3
G
3.i
(ihwicrs
Ti
4
40
Tanners . . .
G
4
38
filnt'innkers
f)
4
G
40
jTailors
G G
4
6
40
(liUlers
fi
Tin-plate-workers
5
3
30
(iunsmiths
7
4
G
4;i
JTohacco- pipe makers
Hairdressers
3
r>
<>
30
Tol)acci)-t;rowi'rs .
Hat- finishers .
5
4
40
Tallow-melters
5
llarness-makers .
6
r>
4
G
40
jVine-dressers
Iloophindcrs
jlTpholsterers .
7
5
40
Joiners
7
5
45
Wheelwrights
7
5
45
Jiipnnners
Wool-sorters .
7 G
5
G
45
Leather-dressers .
7
' 5
45
Whales
I.iiiu'liurners .
f)
r, 1 3
35
Weavers of blankets
I.uckstniths .
r.
6 ' 4
G
40
NVire-ilresscrs .
G
luhourers
4
' 2
20
Wood- splitters .
7
5
30
Millers
5
G
3
1
42
Watchmakers .
7
5
50
New SoutI'
the colony.
Kiilo. — The rates of wncc! her<' sta ? r.re to be ohtaiuod hy good workmen only ; in fact, inditfrrcnt and
hud workmen find a great ditliculty in procuring employment at any rate.
21S APPENDIX VIII.— ON EMIGRATION.
F,. — Rpttirn showing thp nvorn^e prices of provisions, &c. for six months ended 30th June IMft, obtainod
from returns transniittcd to the colonial secretary's ofTlce, hy the (irst jjolicc magistrate, Si/dnnj.
Whent per bushel, 1 0,». ; maize, H.« Cii. ; oats, ^H.fxl.; barley, f),«. f»/. ; potatoes per cwt, lOi. ; butter
fresh, per lb., 2x. I'<il, ; do. salt, I». fi</. ; esgs per dozen, L'.v. ; ducks per pair, .^.v. ; fowls, 4.v. Cd. ; peese, 9«. •
turkeys, Ws.M.; hay perton, I7.«.; straw per load, 1/ !'u. ; bread per lib. loaf, l.« ; beef per stone of Nib.'
4)i. S-/. ; mutton, 4.«. 2-/. ; pork, 9.«. llr/ ; veal, <J.i. liil.; (lour, Hue, per lOOlbs., W. 7*.; seconds, II. .V«. '
Vegetables :— carrots per bundle, 2kd. ; turnips, 2hil. ; cabbages per head, lid. ; greens per bundle, 2</. ;
green peas per peck, 'Js. 6d.
F. — A return showing the average price of provisions, &c. in the island of Tun Dwmen's Land, in the
month of June IH'.U) : —
Wheat per bushel, 8,«. 2/. ; maize, none in the market; oats, ."i*. 'Ji. ; barley, fi.«. Ad.; potatoes per cwt.,
."■..«.; butter, fresh, per lb., 2.«. 4/.; .salt, \s. lOd.; eggs per doz., '2.i.; ducks per pair, .'').«. ; fowls, l.v. ; geesi,'
1 Is. ; turkeys, 1 l.i. ; hay perton, "/. 10*. ; straw per load, 1/ I'l.f. ; bread per 41b loaf. Id/. ; bief per stout'
of 141b., <J.i. ; mutton. ><■•<. '2d. ; pork, 10.*. .W. ; veal, 1 1.?. ; Hour, tine, per lOdlbs , \l. 4.* ; do. seconds, I/. 2*.
Vegetables : — carrots per bundle, 3-/. ; turnips, 2/. ; cabbages per head, Id. ; greens [jcr bundle, 2ti. ; grun
peas per peck, none in the market, and out of season.
G. — The rate of wages per day for labourers and mechanics throughout the eastern townshi|)s of
Lower Canada, are as under : —
Carpenters for framing buildings, bridges, and for general rough work, are paid about .'i,?. Joiners and su-
perior workmen, .l.v.to C.«. 'Ad. HIacksmiths meet with jileiity of omployuient at about the same wages for
ordinary country workmen and shoers, but smiths who understand mill work, earn .'i.v. to 7.v. M. Masons and
stone-cutters are employed in the districts where stone is used for building, and are paid from 4.«. to j.«. i'<d.
bricklayers meet with great encouragement, as brick is nioic generally used than stone; a bricklayer, if a
good workmen, is paid .'>... to fiY. 3i/. Plasterers the same. Sawyers do not find employmeiit, mills buini;
made to do all their work. Millwrights who understand their business are amply encouraged, their wnsrcs
being as high in some cases, as 1 ">«. per day ; tliry commonly receive 7v. fx/. to lOs. Cabinet makers find
cniploynient to a certain extent, but there is not a great demand for the finer kinds of furniture, ordinary
workmen are ))rincipally employed, and receive from Tlv. to Its. '3d. Shoemakers are not commordy paid by
the day, but receive very good prices for their work. Tuilors the same, rnrm servants, or ordinary labour-
ers, receive according to their capability of performins the general work of the country, from 20/. to 3.")/. for
the year, and boani, when engaged for tiiat period, otherwise, 2.v. ('»/, Hut good ploughmen, and men
who have acepiircd the art of using the a.\e, waggoners, &c., receive higher wages, and in harvest time,
every man may find employment at from 4«. to bs. C)d.
Prices of Grain and Provisions.
Wheat is at present ^'1837'i selling at about .'>.«. to !is. ;t'/. per bushel ; the crop has been very good the past
season, and the (piality excellent. Barley is not cultivated to a considerable extent ; the price is about '2s.
fit/, per bushel. Oats are sold at I*. 2i/. to Is. fni. per buahel. I'eas 3.«. per bushel. Hay is produced in
great quantities both in natural and artificial meadows and uplands. It is usually applied to the winteriir.;
and fattening of cattle, which are pastured during the summer, and its price varies from '20s. to 30s. and 40s.
j)er t(m, according to situation. Flax seed is cultivated in small quantities, and sells for about ."i.v. to fis. per
bushel. Clover seed is also partially raised, and is worth from 70.v. to >*4s. per cwt., as well as Timolby and
1 lird's grass seed, which are worth from f>s. to 9«. per bushel. Turnips are sometimes sewn but not generally,
the princi|)al root crop being potatoes, which yield large returns; their price varies from lOd. to 2,«. per
bushel, heef and mutton 3i/., pork 4(/. per lb. (jeese, turkies, and fowls abundant. Tea 2*. dd. and siiirar
Alt. per lb. Implements of husbandry and tools, such as axes, chains, Jie. are to be had in Lower Canada,
ua better terms than those of Lnglish manufacture, and are more suitable for the country's use.
H. — Emigration to Van Diemen's Land, proposals to fanners and other emigrants, possessed of
small capitals, as tenants.
1. The directors of the Van Diemen's Ijind Company having lately received very favourable accounts from
their chief agent ; the whole of the live stock of sheep, cattle, and horses, — imi)roved by the very best breeds
which which could be procured in Europe, — continuing to yield a satisfactory increase and return ; and the
company's grants of land having been surveyed ; the directors are now enabled to hold out enconragement
to emigrants and others to settle as tenants u|)on the com|)any's lands, and for this purpose a portion of the
extensive location from Emu Bay to the interior of the island, comprising 128,000 acres, or 200 square
miles, has been reserved.
2. The Surrey and Hampshire Hills are situated in the north part of Van Diemen's Land, about twenty
miles inland south of Emu Bay, add about forty miles south-west of Circular Head, and are nearly sur-
rounded, on the east, south, and west sides, by high mountains.
3. The soil of the Surrey and Hampshire Hills is of excellent <ii'ality ; it consL-^ts of a hazel loam, with a
tendency to clay, upon a bottom of mixed stone wid clay, or firm clayey gravel. The face of the country
APPKNDIX VIII.— ON EMIGRATION.
2/l>
i3C, obtnincd
10*. ; hiittpr,
. ; RCi'&i', 9<. ;
tone of N!l>.,
omls, 1/. .'>,v.
bundle, L>.'. ;
' Land, in the
toes per cwt.,
s, I*. ; (jeese,
)eef per stoMt
mAs, I/. 2.1.
le, 2(i. ; grien
ships of
liners and sii-
ime wages for
Masons and
I 4.«. to o.«. fi'(.
irleliiayer, if a
<t, mills beint;
rt, their whl'cs
t makers tind
lure, ordinary
nionly paid hy
iinary lahoiir-
>{)l. to 3')/. for
len, and men
harvest time.
good the past
is about '2s.
)rodnced in
le wintering;
3().«. and V>s.
ri.v. to fix. per
imolby and
not i^encrally,
i. to 2.1. per
I. and sii'jar
L)wcr Canada,
ised of
counts from
best breeds
irn ; and the
icouragement
lortion of the
200 square
ibout twenty
nearly Sur-
inam, with B
' the country
is very uneven, being intersected in every possible direction by innumerable streams ofwaler, upon wliicli
saw and flour mills can be erected l.> advantage; u tract of loo acres can scarcely be found wiih uit its run
of water. In regard to timber, it is very irregularly covered ; there are open plains of considerable extent,
300 to 1,.100 acres.
4. The herbage of the district, though too coarse for Merino and fine wool sheep, is, when burnt, very
good pasture for more hardy sheep ; tiie Cheviot, Cotswold, and Leicester breeds, Slc, are foinid to thrive
well upon it. After burning in spring, it grows rapidly to a considerable height. Some of the marslu'" pro-
duce a fine hiady grass in great profusion, and of excellent ((uality.
!>. The stringy bark and gum trees are in most jiart'j plentiful, and are adapted either for the carpenter or
for splitting for fences. The qualities of the myrtle have not yet been ascertained, but it is believed it will
make a good fu'iiture wood, and for the inside W(nk of houses.
6. I.ime-stone has been found at the Surrey and Hampshire Mills. Stone of a rough nature, fit for com-
mon buildings, is plentiful, and of a very durable kind. Clay is also everywhere plentiful and good.
7. The climate of the Surrey and Hampshire Hills is humid, nearly as much so as the wettest parts of the
north of Flngland or Scotland. High winds prevail at most seasons of the year, but their force is a good
deal mitigated by the height ofth. trees. Snow falls in winter to the depth of a foot or more. It never
lies long ; the heavy rains soon carry it off. Summer frosts arc freiiuent, and often destructive to potatoes
and other tender plants. Still the summer is generally sunny and hot ; quite sulliciently so to ripen and
and to allow time to gather the harvest. Fogs are almost unknown, and the climate is perfectly salubrions,
as is proved by the fact of the company's surveyors and their men having been exposed to it for a whole year
or more without any bad ctl'octs, with nothing UctU-t tlian teTits to cover them.
fl. The soil of the Surrey and Hampshire Hills is rich enough to produce grain crops .if ?ny kind in ordi-
nary seasons, hut oats, from the prevalence of summer frosts, will be sometimes a preca.ious t-op.
9. Turnips, beans, peas, and cabbages, with good cultivation, it is conceived, may I: relied upon as certain
crops.
10. Cattle do well at the Surrey and Hampshire Hills, on the native pastures; and there can be no doubt
that when managed on the F.nglish system, they will do still better. The young stock there at present is of
a very good kind, the original cows having been selected from the best in the colony, and the bulls used have
been, with the exception of one of the Ayrshire breed, pure Durham short-horned only
1 1. The hartly breeds of sheep, or a /••■oss between thenj and the Merino, kept within enclosures, and ob-
taining in the winter season some portion ^f improved grass or turnips, succeed well, and their wool al-
ways finds a ready sale.
12. Blood horses and the Cleveland breed succeed well in the district.
13. Kangaroos are abunihmt, and lorm a very usetui and jialatable article of food, and their skins arc
worth about 9'. each. F.mu, quail, snipes, and wild ducks are all met with, but in no great plenty.
14. Working bullocks are fast going out of use in Hobiirt Town and I.aunceston, their places being taken
by horses. Hence the increasing demand for oats in both places, which will afl'ord an extensive and sure
market, and would be principally beneficial to the Surrey and Hampshire Hills districts, because if a really
good article co\ild be produced there, it would render the light and inferior pro''"'ti(m of other districts
unsaleable, and would coin|)el settlers to devote tbt'ir laiiils to wheat, for which the. veil adapted.
I.'). The old districts of Van Diemen's Land rrc particularly adapted for the rc- ■ ■ of fine wool sheep.
Hence, sheep are rajiidly increasing, whilst cat 'io arc, in consequence, diminishing there ; the natural pas-
tures being not very nutritive, and the sheep keeping them close fed, cattle have little chance to get fnt, and
old settlers are in consequence anxious to get rid of them. While mutton therefore is iilentiful, beef is
scarce, and becoming more so every ison. These circumstances produce the singular anomaly of settlers
destroying iheir young calves toprcv t increase, at the very time that beef is bearing aliighl;' remunerating
price. Stall-fed beef is always in demand in Van Diemen's Land, being retaiii 1 out by the butchers at from
M. to Sd. per lb., a price which cannot certainly be expected to stand a;;ainst mutton and grass-fed beef nt
3*(i. per lb. But as [id. per lb. would well remunerate the established tenant at the Surrey and Hamp-liiie
Hills, with respect to beef there is abundant room for prices to (all, before the settler could be apprehensive
of wanting a good market for his produce.
16. Van Diemen's Land being the only extensive region in the south-castcrii part of the globe which pos-
sesses a really temperate eliiimte, Iheie is great reason to expect that pork and beef could be readily cund
on the company's estate, and it is well known that salt provisions may be always sohl to advantage in the
colony. If this be the case in Van Diemen's Land generally, it may be fairly anticipated that at the Surrey
and Hampshire Hills, with cultivated lands and careful feeding, salt provisions may be produced which will
be fully equal to those now sent thither IVom Ireland.
17. The same observations may be made with regard to dairy produce, which hears a very high price in
Van Diemen's Land, and will continue to do so, because the old districts are generally ill adapted to dairy
purposes, and will be still less productive in that way as they become more closely slocked with sheep.
Ihcese is now about Od. to l,»., and butter 1.?. Htl. to 2.v. (uL per lb.
18. Pork, either salt or fresh, and bacon and hnms always ■•onimand ready sale at good prices ; the present
prices of fresh pork vary from M. to 9,/. per lb., bacon and hams IC /. to If. 4ii. per lb , and even higher.
Tlicy are always in demand.
19. Working horses of a good growth and veil broken in are always saleable. It seems the general
opinion, that when they can be obtained at .''lO/. to (iO/. a pair, they will not only supersede the use of bullock*
in the towns, but in the country also, and then they will command a good sale.
20. The establishment of breweries at the .Surrey and Hampshire Hills would be extremely beneficial to
the tenant, in forming him a market for bis produce near li'ime.
21. Emigrants going out to the colony as tenants to the company, will have the advantage of arriving in a
loiintry which has been surveyed, and is well known throughout, nnd which would greatly facilitate the
n II
?H0
APPKNOIX VIII.— ON EMIGRATION.
purchasing or land on the borders of the company's property, if thry at any future period should feel so
disposed. '
22. The lands will he let in locations of one square mile, or 640 acres, according to the capital and means
of the tpiinrit ; it is not, however, necessary that the farms should be arranpied in s(|uarc blocks of a mile
each, but that they should be ailapted in shape to the natural Ixiundaries of the coiuitry,
2.'1. The rent to be I'lll. per ainium for the filO acres. The first year and a half's rent to be expended by
the tenant in fiiicins; '">•' of 'he next holf year's rent, or Ifi/, also to be expended in permanent improve-
ments, and the balance, or Ki/., to be paid in cash ; half the third year's rent, or .'12/., to be expended in like
manner, and the balance paiil in cash. The fourth and future years' rent to be paid wholly in cash.
24. Leases will be frranted for twenty- one years to the first twenty families going out, after which no leases
will he granted for a lonaer period than fourveen years.
2.*). Cottages in Van Diemen's Land arc in general erected at very little expense, though it wmdd
be most desirable to take out a small portable cottage from England, which can be had at a trilling
cost.
2C>, Assistance and advice as to the sale of produce at the best markets will at all times be given, and the
company's chief ngent will be ready to make such arrangements for the general body in this respect as may
be beneficial to the whole.
27. Tenants may be supplied with stores by the company on moderate terms.
2H. Seed corn will be lent to tenants, to be repaid out of their first crop.
2'.». Clover and piass seeds will be supplied to tenants engaging to lay down lands to gra.ss on the com-
pony's estates.
.'(0. Timber carriages, to assist in clearing away trees, will be lent gratis by the company to tenants of
forest lands.
31. So soon as the population is sufticicntly increased, schools will be established upon very moderate
terms. *
32. The services also of the company's medical ofTicers may always be obtained upon very reasonable
terms
3.3. Tenants will have the Advantage of knowing when they leave England, that they will be received
on landing in the colony by |)ersons interested in protecting them, an incalculable advantage to settlers
with small capitals.
31. Mechanics engaged in England, or elsewhere, will he established throiighont the settlements.
3."). Live stock of every kind, and the most opproved breeds, will be supplied at reasonable prices, tiw
half to be paid in cash, and the balance at such credit as may be arranged by the conipany's chief
agent.
3f>. The gradual rate at which the company's lands can be settled, enables then\ to offer the first emi-
grants in rotation a preference in 'he selection of their farms.
37. These advantages will plocc a tenant under thccom|)any on a better footing than if he obtained lands
elsewhere; this will bo more apparent, when it is considered that the price fixed by the commissioners for
colonixing South .\ustrolia is 20.1. per acre, and which will no doubt be shortly increased.
3H. The company will reserve the riijht of making roads, bridges, &c., through any hinds, or wherever they
may consider it necessary for the good of the general body of tenantry.
3!). 'I'iie expense of passage from England to Van Diemen's Land dejiends upon the accommodation and j
comforts which emigrants rccpiire, and varies from M'U. to 2.')/. each for steerage adult passengers ; children
in proportion. The voyage is usually performed in four or five months at farthest.
•io, To enable a tenant to judge of the capital which he will require for a farm, the prices by t lie I
last despatches, and at which he may expect to obtain his supplies in the colony with cash, are here
enumerated ;
liight bullocks at i./. each, 48/. ; I cart or dray, IHL; 2 ploughs, 7/.; 2 pair of harrows, 3/. 10.«. ; bullocks']
chains, bows, niul yokes, 3/. 1(),«. ; vorious small ini|)lenients, 10/. ; total, 87/.
Meat, 4'/. pri lb. ; flour, 2(/. to 2^-/. ditto; sugar, 2ii/. to 4</. ditto; tea, 2.v. to 3.v. ; soap, Id. to M.
41. Fron\ these data, a tenant will be able to calculate, occording to the niunber of his fannly, what liisi
maintenancf will cost, during the period which will probably elapse before be can expect to receise niiyl
returns from his own cultivation. In the mean time, if he wishes any convict servants, he will be bound byl
the government regulations to supply them as follows : I U^ lbs. bread or Mour, 7 lbs, fresh meat, 7 oz. ofl
sugor and 7 oz. of roasted wheat for collee, or 14 pints of milk, or 14 pints of table beer, 3^ oz. of suap,j
2 oz. of salt, per week.
The convict's clothing would co!,t the tenant about C>l. a year in the colony. On these terms convictl
labour is found very advantageous to the settler, and the men in general, under proper management, coiiduetj
tln'inselves tolerably well. But those tenants who have sons and (laughters wdl find their services extremelyj
valuiible.
42. I'pon the whole, an industrious and respectable person, who arrives in the colony possessed of a sunij
of from 300/. to .'iOO/., may tniderfake a farm with confidence of ultimate sucex'ss, for it is but fair ami rea-
sonable to suppose that each tenant will be able to maintain himself in comfort from his own pi .Juce at
the end of the second year.
43. It is clearly for the interest of the Van Diemen's Land company, that settlers upon their lands should
prosjjer, and they hope the advantages held out will give encouragement to industry and the investment
capital.
4 L The artisans, &c., who would meet with employment at good and steady wages, so soon as the settle!
nient advances, are, — ploughmen, farm-labourers, blacksmiths, carpenters, coopers, '■awyers, shoeninkersT
bout-builders, millers, tanners, brewers, malsters, wheelwrights, bricklayers, masons, sluj.wrights, brickmukei
horse- breakers, and saddlers.
(hould feci «o
APPENDIX Vm.— ON KMIGIIATION. ■^'■n
4r>. As soon OS n siimiiont number of cmigrnnta shall have uiiidc up their minds, n ship will be cngnged
8j)Pcially to convey them direct to the company's estates.
4C. Applications from persons intending to cniiRratc, to be made personally, or by letter, post paid, to
Mr. Samuel U. Ewen, at the Van Diemen's l.niid Company's olVice,
.'•.'i, Uld Uroad Street, London.
*»w. i.iitit iii.iv, £i/r.». , mi. \ ijiiv, .uni. ; (lu. l.t'MIl, .:u"i, ; lui. Viri'eilotK, -wnt.; IHI. l.oiiuuil-
derry, 2()H/. ; arrears of salary to ditto, from Ist Janttiiry (date of bis eommeiieinp bis duties) to ;Ust March
IH3>*, .^2/.; repairs and furniture for an ofliee for the agent tjeneral, 2TJl. '"' * ■""' '•'■-"-- ■-'-
previous to 3Ut March 18:JH, rrjl. ; charge for the year, 3,81!)/.
total, 3,871/. ; deduct for periods
er the first emi-
)r wherever they
K.— Regulations for the disposal of Lands belonging to the Crown in the British North American iirovinces.
Colonial OlViee, 7th March, lw31.
"The lands are no longer to he given away by free grants, but are to be sold.
'I'he commissioners of crown lands will, ai least onci' in every year, submit to the governor a report of the
land which it may be expedient to offer for sale within the next ensuing year, and the upset price per acre
at which be would recomiiuiid it to be oliered ; the land so ofiered bavmg been previously surveyed and
valued in one or more contiguous tracts of those which are nu)st adapted for settlement, according to the
local peculiarities of the province, and in proportion to the number of deputy-surveyors who can be em-
ployed.
The lands to be laid out in lots of 100 acres each, and i)lans of such parts as are surveyed are to be pre-
pared for public ir.spection, whieh plans may be insi)eeted in the olbce of the surveyor-general, or in that of
bin deputies, in each district, on payment of the fee of •_'.«. M.
The comissioner of crown lands will proceed to the sale in the following manner :
He will give public notice in the othcial gazette, and in such other newspapers as may be circulated in the
province, as well as in any other manner that cncumstances will admit, of the time and place appointed for
the sale of lands in each distric'., and of the upset price at wliicb the lauds are i)roposed to be ollVred ; he
will give notice that the lots will be sold to the highest bidder, and if no oiler should be made at the upset
price, that the lands will be reserved for future sale in a similar manner by auction.
The purchase-money will be recpiired to be paid down at tlie time of sale, or by four instalments with
interest ; the first instalment at the time of the sale, and the second, third and fourth instalments at inter-
vals of half a year.
If the instalments are not regularly paid, the deposit money will be forfeited, and the land again referred
to sale.
Public notice will be given in each district in every year, stating the names of the persons in each district
who may be in arrears for the instalments ol their purchases, and announcing that if the arrears are not
paid up before the commitieement of the sales in that district for the following years, the lands in respect
cif which the instalments may be due will be the first lot to be exposed to auction at the ensuing sales ; and
if any surplus of the produce of the sale of each lot should remain after satisfying the crown of the sum due,
the same will be paid to the original purchasers of the land who made default in payment.
The patent for the land will not be issued, nor ar.y transfer of the property allowed until the whole of the
instalments are paid. The lands sold under this regulation are not to be chargeable with quit rents, or any
further payment beyimd the purehase money anil the expense of the payment.
Persons desirous of buying land, in situations not included in the tracts already surveyed, must previously
pay for the expense of survey, and the price must of course depend upon the (puility of the land and its
local situation.
The crown will reserve to itself the right of making and constructing such roads and bridges as may be
necessary for public purposes, in all lands purchased as above; and also to such indigenous timber, stone
and other materials, the produce of the land, as may be re<piired for making and keeping the saiil roads and
bridges in repair, and for any other public works.
The crown further reserves to itself all mines of preeiouii metals.
The regulations for granting licences to cut timber will be learned by application to the surveyor-general's
olVice, in the respective colonies.
L. — Information for the use of military and naval officers, proposing to settle in the British Colonies.
Colonial Office, 15 August 1834.
1st. Annexed (see above) is a statement of the regulations according to which, with such modifications
as local circumstances may render necessary, lands belonging to the crown are disposed of in the several
British colonies in North America.
2. Under these regulations military and naval officers cannot receive free grants of land, but in buying
land they are allowed a remission of the purchase money according to the undermentioned scale.
Field <)rticers of:'.') years' service and upwards, in the whole, 30()/. ; field officers of 'io years' service and
iHi
APPKNDIX VIII —ON EMIGRATION
iipwnrdx, in the whole, 2!'iCil. j field officers of lH or loss yrnrs' service, in the whole 200/. ; captains of 20
yenrs' MTvirc iind iipwnrdx, in the wliole 'MOL; cn|>tninH of 15 yciirs' service or less, in the whole, ITiO/, ;
suliRJterns of 20 years seivlce .\rid upwiinls, in the wiiole, 1.10/. ; snhaltcrns of seven years' service or less,
ill the wliolo, 100/.
KrKiim'ntal sfnlV odleers and medical officers of the army and navy will be deemed to come within tiie he-
netit iif this rule.
3. Olli'iTs of the army and navy who propose to proceed to the colonies in order to tnke advartnco o!"
this iniliilfji'nce, should pioviilo theinselvi's with cirlittcntes from the olliee of the Keiicriil common. Iin;;'iii.
chief, or of the lords conunisbiiiiiers of the udiiiiralty, showing that their emigration has heun satictioiint,
and stiitirii; exactly their rank and length of service. No document from the office of the secretary of state
is necessary.
4. Officers on half pay, resldlnR in the colony, when they propose to settle, may he admitted to the pri-
vileges of military and naval sittlers svithout referring to this country for testimonials, provided they can
satisfy the governor that there is no ohjection to their hein<d; allowed the indulgence, and that their return ol
their rank and length of service is accurate, and provided, if they belong to the navy, that they produce
theh' letter of leav(! of alisenre from the aihniralty.
5. Military chaplains, cfminiissariat officers, and officers of any of the civil departments connected with
the army, cannot he allowed any privileges on this suhjoct of land. Pursers, chaplains, nildshipnieu, wai
rant officers of every description, and officers of any of the civil departments eonuected with the navy,
must also he considered as not (jualitled for those privileges. Although memhers of thes" clnsst-s may
have !)ien admitted formerly, and under a dilferenf state of circumstances, they must now he excluded.
f). (ientlemen who have ceased to belong to His Majesty's service cannot be allowed the advantnges to
which they were entitled while in the army and navy. It is not, however, proposed to atfect by this rule
officers who desire to quit the service for the express purpose of settling in the colonies ; it is only re(|uirnl
that when they resign their conunissions they should apply for a cerlilicate from the general coinnianiliiigin-
chief, or from the lords commissioners of the Aihniralty, that they do so with a view of emigratiui,';
and such certilieate, if produced to the governor of any colony within cuie year from its date, l>ut imt
otherwise, will be a sufficient warrant for allowing the bearer the same advantages as officers of His Ma-
jesty's service.
Ofiicers who have sold out within the last 12 months preceding the date of this memorandum will he
allowed the usual privileges, notwithstanding their want of the certificate reipiired by these regulations, if
they present themselves to the governor of the colony within a year from the present date. And all olli-
cers who have already been recounnended by the general commanding in-chief, will be entitled to their
privileges without iigard to any obstruction which might otherwise be offered by the regulations now
established.
7. Officers cannot be allowed advantages in the acquisition of land in any colony, unless it be their
intention to (ix their residi'uce in that cohniy. In order to insure the observance of this rule, it has been
determined that the litles to lands obtained by officers who take advantage of the peculiar regulations exist-
ing in their favour, shall be witholden for a period sufficient to prove that they have not repaired to the
cidony for the mere purpose of gaining possession of a portion of land and then departing. Two years is
the period for which it has been decided that the titles shall he kept hack ; this delay will be sutUcient for
the salutary object in view, and will iu)t constitute any serious inconvenience to the himtljidt; settler.
H. I>y t J annexed regulations for the dis|iosal of Crown lands, it will be observed that the general sales
will take |)lace iieriodically. 15ut in order to |)revent inconvenience to the officers who may arrive in the
intervals between those sales, and be desirous at once to obtain an allotment, the governors of the colonies
are authorized to allow olhcer-> to acipiire at any time, on payment of the upset price, lands which have
been previously ollered for sale, at some general sale, and not been bought.
Officers will thus be relieved from delay at the time of establishing themselves in the colony. They will
also be enabled by this arrangement, which will permit them to obtain their land at a fixed price, to choo.so
such a quantity as shall be exactly eipiivalent to the amount of the remission to which they are entitleil,
instead of being liaule to be called upon to pay a balance, which must be the case if they bid for lands at a |
sale by auction-
!*. There being little or no Crown land available in Prini'e Edward's island, officers cannot be otFi'red any |
privileges in the ac(|uisition of land in that colony. In Cape Breton, an island in which the natural iiuliiee-
nients for the settlement of officers are not very considerable, it is necessary, from local circumstances, that I
there should not be a remission of purchase-money as in other colonies ; to such officers as may wish to
■settle in this island, allotments of land will be granted on the same scale and conditions as before the ge-
neral introduction of the system of selling the Crown 1., ids; viz. — To a lieutenant-colonel, 1,200 acres;]
to a major, 1,000 acres; to a captain, 8U0 ; to a subaltern, .500.
N. — Number of Pauper Emigrants sent out from the different counties in England, and the sums remitted tol
this department to he distributed among them on their arrival here ; also, those who were sent under tliel
authority of the Poor Law Commissioners — Aided by their landlords, 7 ships from Lynn, 2-1/. IDs. -Ic/. nl
from London, 7/. 1*. 4(i. ; 1 from do. 61. ^ts. ; H from do. ."i/. 19.«. 3//. Sent out under the authority of tliej
Poor Law Commissioners : 97 from London, 12fi/. ',U. 1 Id. ; 12.'i from do. 1152/. 'J.i. 2d. ; 61 from do. h7/. I'tv
67 from do. 57/. 16*. total persons, 378. Total amount, 447/. 18*.
O. — Number of Pauper Emigrants sent out who received their money previous to leaving England. — Froim
Yarmouth, 500 ; from London, 280 ; from Portsmouth, 199 ; from IJristol, 110; from Plymouth, 63 ; fmin
Poole, 22; from Hull, 20; from Falmouth, 2; Total 1,190.
APPKNDIX Vm.— ON EMIGRATION.
IM
rnptainH of JO
[■ whole, ITii)/ ;
jcrvice or li"!»,
within tiie lu'-
c ndvnrtntu' of
oininttii.liti);iii-
;vl\ sniictioncil,
ciutary of stHif
connected witli
(Ishipinen, win
1 with tlu' navy,
'«<» classes may
excluded.
\c iidvnntnsps to
feet by this nile
is only r<'r|iiiii'd
:oinninndlii);-lii-
of cniisratiii^';
9 date, hut II' it
ers of His Mii-
O — Comparative Statement of the Number of Emigrants arivcU at Quebec since the Year 18'i'J, inclusive.
F.iifflnnd and Wales
Ireland ....
Scotland
IlamhiirRh and (iihrnltar
Nova Scotia, Newfoundland,
VNcHt Indies, &c. .
Havre de Grace . .
IS29.
Ifl30.
1H31.
10343
IH32.
1833.
1834.
183.'..
:t047
lfl3f..
1837.
a.ifi.'i
r.799
17481
.'•. 1 98
r>Vj'J
12188
5.'>80
or. 14
1H3()()
34133
2820 I
12013
l'J20fi
7108
12.'>90
14.'>38
2f.43
24.')0
r.354
5r)00
I. I
419(>
45U1
2127
2224
l.')0<»
123
4.')1
424
54C
345
339
22.'>
235
274
••
• •
••
..
••
•■
485
l.')!»4.')
28000
r)0L'.')4
.M74f)|217.')2
3093:.
12527
2772H
21901
Grand total, 2f.0,788.
V. — Distribution of F.mi!;rants arrived at Quebec in the year 1837, as far as can be ascertained. — City and
district of (iuchec, too ; district of Three Pivers, 300; district of St, Francis nud K 'i'ownships, I.IOO;
city and district of Montreal, 1,000; Ottawa district, 800; Total to Lower Canada, 4,000 Ottiiwn, Huthurst,
Midland and Kastern district, as far as Kingston included ; n portion of these are employed at the Long
Saultcxnal, 3,000; district of Newcastle, and townships ni the vicinily of the Day of (iuint6 I.hoO; To-
ronto and the Home District, ineludioK settlements roui;d lalce Simeo, 2,000; Hamilton (iulf aiul Huron
Tract, and situations adjacent, 2,.''i00 ; Niagara frontier and district, including the line of the Wellund cuiial,
and round the head of lake Ontario, 2,000; Settlements bordeiiiiK on lalie l''.rie, including the London
district, Adelaide Rettlement, and on to hike St. Clair, .'),000 ; total to Upper (.'anada, 1(1, :tOO. Number of
cases admitted at the cpiarantine station, Orosse Isle, .'■>98 : deaths, ,')7 ; Admissions at the marine hospital,
Quebec, 407 : deaths, 3.1; gone to the L'nited States, 1,509; total l.COl. Grand total, 21,901.
Q- — Return of the number of pmiprants arrived at New York from the \h ited Kingdom, for the last nine
years. In the year IH2<J, linghind H.llO, Ireland 2,443, Scotlanil 9 H, total II ..01. 1830, Kngland 10,350, Ire-
land 3,499, Scotland I, .184, total 21,433. 1831, Kiif^laiid 13,80m, licliind (i, 72 1, Scotland 2,07h, total 22,»i07.
1k;12, Liigland 18,947, Ireland ('.,050, Scotland 3,2Hr,, total 28,283. 1h33, total If., 100. 1834, total 2fi,.140.
1835, total 10,749. 1830, total 59.075. 1837, total 34,000. Grand total 230,288.
lie offered any |
liitiiral indiiee-
jmstances, that I
as may wish to |
liefore the ge-
tl, 1,200 acres; I
R.— Return of Persons who have Kmigratcd from the United Kingdom to the British Colonies and the
United States of America, from 1812 to 1838, both inclusive.
Year.
British Colonies
in
United States
Total to
(;ape of
Australian
Total.
North America
of America.
America.
Good Hope.
Colonies.
1812 to 1821
90977
1821
12470
..
.,
404
320
1822
1 1 :'.H2
, ,
..
192
871
1823
81M3
, ,
^ ^
1H4
543
1824
7311
, .
, ,
119
780
1825
8741
5551
14292
114
4H5
14S91
1820
128IH
7003
19881
110
903
20900
1827
12048
14120
27174
114
715
28003
1828
12084
12817
24901
135
10,10
20092
1829
13307
15078
2H985
197
2010
31198
1830
30574
248M7
5,1401
201
1 242
50907
1831
58007
23418
81485
114
1501
83100
1832
00339
32872
99211
190
3733
103140
1833
28808
29109
57917
517
4093
02527
1831
40000
.•t3',74
"3134
288
2800
70222
1835
1,1573
20720
42293
325
1800
44478
1830
34220
37774
72000
293
3124
7,1417
1837
29884
30770
00054
320
5054
72034
1838
Note. — These returns can only be relied on for accuracy in the last few years.
284 Ai'Pi.NDix vm.— ON kmic;k.\tion.
B.— EMKiHATUlN RKH'HN, KROM 1833 TO 1837.
A Return of all Rmlirrant* who have lel'l the I'nitcd KIntrdnni diirlnir the year*. Ih:i3, 1834, IN35, 1836, 1837, •pMlfyliiK
the I'ortR from whirh they have aalli'il ) and the Colony tu whlvli they hava proceeded.
V"rt» from
whicli
To Colonies In N
. Amoilca.
ToUnitcdHtatriof Am
erica.
jl837
To the
Capo of Good Hope.
To the
/iiistrkllaii Colunles,
the Knilicrants
have nailed.
1833
1831
I83S I83A
18 17
1833
1834
IR3S
1
1836
1833
1
31
484
1
1834 I83S
1
1836 1837
1833
3
13:13
3083
1834
3S6
9
SS
3346
I83S I83fl
1937
Knglnnil:
AberyBtwIth,.
Berwick
Bldefnrd ....
Ilrlilif water ,.
Brl«tol
Cardiff
CnrliHle
Exrter
Phlnunith ....
Fowey
Gloncestcr . .
Hull
Lancaster.. ..
Liverpool ....
Llanelly
Mllford
Newca>tlo . .
Newliaven ..
New|iort ....
I'HdhtOW ....
I'lymouth
Poole
I'ortsmoiith .
Rochester ....
Rye
Stockton ....
Sunderland ..
Swansea ....
Weymouth ..
Whithy
Wlilteliaven..
Yarmouth. . ..
London
43
189
48
14
i6a
3
30
49
731
61
718
34
35
88
9
3
47
53(1
91
33:1
17
iiifi
31
43
710
17H
1516
6785
43.1
37
833
aoH
no
aoH
lOIIM
7^1
1 17
81
HI
7 1/
If)
97
7.'i
13
46
183
73
90
"'|6
18
"la
IIIIH
31
1:195
4
87
30
34
S93
14
163
33
176
18
43
373
5:19
308
1167
11
1H7
75
161
13
9
503
6
540
6
16
89
377
15
349
"19
10
"48
181)
207
1001
lOfr
51
39:1
9
440
341(1
151
65
404
23
■*
■70
32
?I98
1874
tas
61
383
3ogo
"
4
198
"67
8
570
1395
31
iiy
loyM
30
106
703
13405
34
727
133
10
133
3
157
5700
72
742
Si
39s
18440
179
340
383
80
46
5357
25981
188
108
39
3160
378
7
38t'0
goo
58
743
78
2097
336
101
132
13
195
15532
31
312
78
IH
5150
306
741
71
S6
309
■i6 163
89
65
140
5344
133
8
114
393
36745
4.166
t
3
. •
384
16
309
30
..
267
S
1;
10
310
163
1583
1746
23
99
114
I860
199
70
1936
319s
13
34
114
815
■
1
301
297:1
Total ....
Seolliind :
Alierdeen ....
,\yr
6,'i20! 356y
747, 552
Ul H
10124
780
18H
33
P
5H
1477
514
9
S3
••
4873
373
31
14:t(J
402
IV
f>
32392
IIH
139
14iy
330
47
23046
309
133
117
UOl
40
1990
846
■46
1679
ll;i
78
33384
376
80
103
1133
30
31
1642
7V
113
498
259
1987
31749
36s
6
840
S
14
1130
833
355
277
49
2377
181
316
1
387
1
1
325
387
6
393
343
1
1
343
3317
40
313
353
53J
523
4093
3666
13
109
12
134
280o!
1
3301
CaniplK'lltown
Dumfries ....
Unndec
G1rs;>ow ...
Cireonock
Inverness ....
Irvine
Klrkaldy ....
Kirkwall ....
Hith
Fort (ila'Row
Storiioway ..
Stranraer
Thurso
480
417
121
402
l:ili8
645
14
/ 1
15
566
1;
133
31
77
72
42:1
■)
i.ii
1
337
830
97
Total ....
Ireliind:
nelfast
Cork
llroRhcda.. ..
I));i lin
(Jftlway
Limerick
L<indonderry
Newry
SliBO
Watci lord. . . .
Wexford ....
Wtstport . . .
5592
:> .d2
1956
fio
4 Mil
-JH-I
848
3747
734
1326
1432
"
4954
395£
5811
131
6,18!)
4<)«
S:)5'
364-
3179
3207
214
3450
1821
1554
1004
267
830
1775
1135
933
136
3110 3394
1804 3026
5322| 6574
29.V2 3114
316 135
I3ia| 1749
3942 1 37.H
.. i ..
2776 29lfi
1963 1917
311
1953
II7B
;;
98
3316
/*
99
1254
419
Total .... 17431
Giand total .28808
28536
40060
9458
15573
19387
34326
2346:1
30884
29109
4213
33074
376a
36720
3584
37774
3971
36770
S17
388
335
815 4iy
3134 5054
The foil
America, :
Years.
1
2
3
4
."i
f,
7
H
9
10
600,000 iTii
Add pnssM:^
Aiiicricnii p
("nsh conic
Kctiirii fri i
This sho'
di'sceiidants
that the tax
the United
Nnte. — In compaiine the prand total with that obtained by adding the several totals of England, .Scotland, and
Ireland together, some slight difference will he perceived, owing to separate returns not having been given from several
ports not here mentioned.
Total number of Emigrants, 1833, 63,537; 18.14, 76,332 1 I(*3S, 44,478 j 1838,73,108) 18.37,72,034. Tlic returns since
1834 are f;om the Emigration Oftice in Scotland Yard.
[Custom House, London, 3:ul March, 18.15.]
A. — Absln
1S78. Lette
powers : —
" To dis
jurisdict
in fee sii
criminal
dinnnces
l.')ft4. Queei
hrother-in-
IfiOfi. Letlei
several coh
To have
to be cnl
of and fo
of and f
said lette
levy diitii
I MO. (iiantl
Caiolini,
I (>^'2 Grant fi
to plant a ci
To hold,
of the sni
sole and |
make, em
province
Lord Halt
delegates
levy force
To erect a
)ss:i8afl>i8»;
GENF.RAL AF'PENDIX.
Thn followinj; c«Ic<il»tion rxhihit* the political value of ilircrt
Atr.i'rica, 30,00(1 annunlly, of those who would otherwise g» to the
Year*.
1
•i
3
4
ft
6
7
H
9
10
£mit;rantR.
:«(),()00
:«o,(ioo
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
30,000
Dilfrronct
lor UritI
30,000 nt 40s
fiO.OOO . .
yo.ooo . .
120,000 ..
I r)0,()oo . .
IHO.OOO ..
210,000 ..
240,000 . .
270,000 ..
300,000 . .
of <lciiinnd
sh falirici.
£(10,000
120,000
I MO.OOO
240,000
300,000
3C.0,000
420,000
4«0,000
.'i40,000
COO.OOO
2Hr,
n(t, for the next twenty years, to Dritish
United States ■.—
DilTiTcnrc of dt-inand
for Uritish fabrics.
0.«. £f.C.O,000
720,000
7H0.000
HJO.dOO
<JOO,000
'JC'O.OOO
1,020,000
l.OHO.OOd
1,140,000
1,200,000
Years.
KmiKrant*.
fo
U
30,000
330,000
12
30,000
3('.0,"00
13
30,000
31(0,000
14
30,000
420,000
ir.
30,000
4.')0,()00
!('>
30,000
4H0,000
17
30,000
.') 10,000
IR
30,000
.vto.ooo
19
30,000
ri/o.ooo
20
30,000
fiOO.OOO
fiOO.OOO emigrants requiring the value of i:i Hritish Goods ....
Add passaj^o money to America, in Ami>ricnn ships, for dOO.OOO emigrants, 3/. each
Aiiiericnn provisions, 2/. .......... .
Cash carried to America, ^hich never returns to England, each individual 4/,
Return freights lost to Uritish ships
i;i2,r,oo,ooo
l.HCO.OOO
1,200,000
2,400,000
l,.13(i,000
£i9,r.3r.,ooo
This shows a clear balance In our favour of 20,000,ooo/. in twenty years, without even estimating the
descendants of those emigrants during the twenty years. It is a fiict well worth consideration to settlers,
that the taxation in Upper or Lower Canada, on the necessaries or comforts of life, is not one-fll'th of that of
the United States.
GENEIUL APPENDIX.
A. — Abstract or description of ccrtiiln powers granted hy the Government of F.nalnnd to inJindunls or
bodies corporate for the foiindtitwn and f^nrernment of Colnnies.
1578. Letters Patent from Queen Elizabeth to Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his heirs and assi/^ns; — with
powers :
" To discover and take possession of remote and heathen countries. To exercise rights, royalties, and
jurisdiction in , 'ch countries and seas adjoining. To dispose of such lands to her Majesty's subjects
in fee simple or otherwise. To correct, punish, pardon, govern, and rule, as well in causes capital or
criminal as civil, nil her subjects inhabiting such countries. To constitute such statutes, laws and or-
dinances as should by him, his heirs and assigns, be devised or established."
l.')84. Queen lillizabeth granted to Sir Walter Raleigh a patent similar to that which slit had granted to his
brother-in-law Sir Humphrey (iilbert.
IfiOfi. Letters Patent from James the first to Sir Thomas Gates, Sir George Somers and others, for two
several colonies and plantatiims to be made in Virginia.
To have a council established in England to consist of thirteen persons, to be appointed by the King,
to be called the council of Virginia. The council " to have the superior managing and direction only
of and for all matters that shall or may concern the government, as well of the colonies of Virginia, as
of and for any other place within the precincts of four and thirty and five and forty degrees in the
said letters patent described." The council to have power to establish coins for the colonies and to
levy duties on goods imported.
iri30. Grant from Charles the First to Sir Rol)ert Heath, attorney-general, of powers to jjlant a colony in
Carolin ;, No attempt at settlement having been made under this grant, it was deemed null and void.
1 032 Grant from Charles the First to Cuccilius, Lord Baron of Baltimore, his heirs and assignu, of powers
to plant a colony in Maryland.
To hold, possess, and enjoy lands within certain limits " as the true and absolute lords and proprietors
of the said country, saving always the faith and allegiance, and sovereign dominion due unto us, to the
sole ami proper use and behoof of the said Lord Baltimore his heirs and assigns for ever." To ordain,
make, enact, and jjulilish any laws whatsoever appertaining either unto the public state of the snid
province or unto the private utility of particular persons, according to the best discretion of the snid
Lord Baltimore his heirs and assigns, hy and wiMi the anvice of the freemen of the provinre or of their
delegates whom the snid Lord Bnltin\ore should hssemblc in such form and manner as he pleased. To
levy forces, make war, and, if necessary, to exercise martial law in the province To confer titles.
To erect and incorporate boroughs and cities. 'I'o impost; duties of custom and port charges. To
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GENERAL APPENDIX.
grant lands to be holden of themselves and their heirs. To erect manors. To be exempt from taxa-
tion by the English government.
1644. Grant from Charles the First to Henry Rosewell and others of powers to found a colony at Mas-
sachusetts Bay.
" To have full and absolute power and authority to correct, punish, pardon, govern and rule such
subjects of us, our heirs and successors, as shall from time to time adventure themselves in a voyage
thither or from thence, or that shall at any time hereafter inhabit within the said precincts, according
to the laws and ordinances aforesaid not being repugnant to the laws and statutes of England." To
be exempt from the payment of customs or subsidies in England for seven years. " From time to
time to make, ordain, and establish all manner of wholesome and reasonable orders, lawes, statutes and
ordinances, directions and instructions, not contrary to the lawes of the realm of England, as well for
settling of the formes and ceremonies of government and magistracie fit and necessary for the .said
plantation and the inhabitants there, and for naming and styling of all sorts of officers, both superior
and inferior, which they shall find needful for that government and plantation, and the distinguishing
and setting forth of the several duties, powers and limits of every such office and place, and the forms
of such oaths warrantable by the laws and statutes of the realm of England, as also for the disposing
and ordering of the elections of such of the said officers as shall be annual, aud of such others as shall
succeed in case of death or removal, and for the directing, ruling and disposing of all other matters
and things whereby our said people inheriting the said colony may be religiously, peaceably, and civilly
governed."
16f)3. Grant by Charles the Second to Lord Clarendon, the Duke of Albemarle and others, of Carolina.
This grant bears a close resemblance to that of Maryland, and was probably copied from it. It was under
this charter that John Locke was employed to frame a constitution for Carolina.
1670. Grant by Charles the Second to Prince Rupert, the Duke of Albemarle, the Earl of Craven and
others, under the name of the Hudson's Bay Company, of all lands, territories and countries within
Hudson's Strcights, under the name of Rupert's Land ; exclusive trade therein ; power to punish inter-
lopers, to appoint governors, judges and other officers, to execute justice, to employ ships of war, and to
make peace or war with any people not being Christians. This charter is still in operation.
1673. Grant ( Connecticut J by Charles the Second to John Wintrop, John Mason and others, with
powers : —
To " erect and make such judicatories for the hearing and determining of all actions, causes, matters,
and things happening within the said colony or plantation as they shall think fit and convenient, and
also from time to time to make, ordain, and establish all manner of wholesome and reasonable laws,
statutes, ordinances, directions, and instructions, not contrary to the laws of this realm of England, as
for settling the forms and ceremonies of government and magistracy fit and necessary for the said
plantation and the inhabitants there, as for naming and styling all sorts of officers, both superior and
inferior, which they shall find needful for the government and plantation of the said colony, and the
distinguishing and setting forth of the several duties, powers, and limits of every such office and place,
and for imposing of lawful tines, mulcts, imprisonments, and other punishments upon offenders and
delinquents."
" From time to time, and at all times hereafter, for their special defence and safety to assemble martial
array, and put in warlike posture the inhabitants of the said colony, and to commissionate, empower,
and authorize such person or persons as they shall think fit to conduct and lead the said inhabitants,
and to encounter, expulse, repell, and resist by force of arms, as well by sea as by land, and to kill, slay,
and destroy by all fitting ways, enterprises, and means whatsoever, all and every such person or persons
as shall at any time hereafter attempt or enterprize the destruction, invasion, detriment or annoyance
of the said inhabitants and plantation."
1673. Grant (Rhode Island) by Charles the Second to John Clarke and others with powers : —
" To use, exercise, and put in execution in the administration of justice and exercise of government in
the said plantation such methods, rules, orders, and directions as have been used and accustomed in
such cases respectively until at the next or some other general assembly of the said corporation especial
provision shall be made and ordained."
" To nominate, appoint and constitute such and so many commanders, governors, and military officers,
as to them shall seem requisite for the leading, conducting, and training up the inhabitants of the said
plantation in martial aflfairs, and for the defence and safeguard of the said plantation."
1673. Grant (Pennsylvania) by Charles the Second to William Penn, with powers " free, full, and absolute
to him and his heirs, and to his and their deputies and lieutenants, to ordain, make, enact, and under his
and their seals to publish, any laws whatsoever for the raising of money for the public use of the said
province, and for any other end appertaining either to the public state, peace, or safety of the said
country, or unto the private utility of particular persons, according to their best discretions, by and with
the advice, assent, and approbation of the freemen of the said country, or the greater part of them or of
their delegates or deputies, whom for the enacting of the said laws when and as often as need shall re-
quire we will, that the said William Penn and his heirs shall assemble in such sort and form as to him
and them shall seem best, and the said laws duly to execute unto and upon all people within the said
county and limits thereof."
" To appoint and establish any justices, magistrates, and officers whatsoever, for what causes soever,
and with what power soever, and in such form as to the said William Penn or his heirs shall seem
most convenient." " To have and enjoy from time to time for ever the customs and subsidies in the
ports, harbours, and other creeks in the places aforesaid."
" That We, our heirs and successors shall at no time hereafter set, or make, or cause to set, any im-
position, custom or other taxation, rate or contribution whatsoever, in and upon the dwellers and in-
GENERAL APPENDIX
287
from taxa-
iny at Mas-
l rule such
n a voyage
9, according
;land." To
rom time to
statutes and
I, as well for
for the said
oth superior
istinguishing
id the forms
he disposing
thers as shall
ither matters
y, and civilly
, of Carolina.
It was under
f Craven and
ntries within
punish inter-
if war, and to
others, with
ises, matters,
jnvenient, and
lasonahle laws,
of England, as
y for the said
h superior and
;olony, and the
Rce and place,
offenders and
semble martial
late, empower,
id inhabitants,
id to kill, slay,
on or persons
or annoyance
[government in
1 accustomed in
Iration especial
lilitary officers,
Ints of the said
I, and absolute
I and under his
luse of the said
Ity of the said
^, by and with
t of them or of
ineed shall re-
form as to him
vithin the said
I causes soever,
^irs shall seem
ubsidies in the
o set, any im-
kellers and in-
habitants of the aforesaid province, or in and upon any goods and merchandize within the said pro-
vince or to be laden or unladen within the ports or harbours of tlie said province, unless the same
be with the consent of the proprietary or chief governor and assembly, or by act of parliament in
England."
1731. Grant (Georgia) by George the Second, to John Lord Viscount Percival and others, of all lands in a
certain part of South Carolina, with powers : —
" To form and prepare laws, statutes, and ordinances, fit and necessary for and concerning the govern-
ment of the said colony, and not repugnant to the laws and statutes of England ; and the same shall
and may present under their common seal to us, our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council,
for our or their approbation or disallowance ; and the said laws, statutes, and ordinances being approved
by us our heirs and successors, in our or their privy council, shall from thenceforth be in full force and
virtue within our said province of Georgia."
" To erect and constitute judicatures and courts of record, or other courts, to be held in the name of
us, our heirs and successors, for the hearing and determining of all manner of crimes, offences, pleas,
processes, plaints, actions, matters, causes and things whatsoever, arising or happening within the said
province of Georgia, or between persons inhabiting or residing there, whether the same be criminal or
civil, and whether the said crimes be capital or not capital, and whether the said pleas be real, personal,
or mixed, and for awarding and making out executions thereon."
" To nominate, make, constitute, commission, ordain and appoint, by such name or names, style or
styles, as to them shall seem meet and fitting, all and singular such governors, judges, magistrates,
ministers and officers, civil and military, both by sea and land, within the said district, as shall by them
be thought fit and needful to be made or used for the government of the said colony — Provided al-
ways, that every governor of the said province of Georgia shall be approved of by us our heirs and
successors."
" To train, instruct, exercise and govern a militia for the special defence and safety of our said colony,
to assemble in martial array, and put in warlike posture, the inhabitants of the said colony, and to lead
and conduct them, and with them to encounter, expulse, repel, resist and pursue, by force of arms, as
well by sea as by land, within or without the limits of our said colony, and also to kill, slay, destroy or
conquer, by all fitting ways, eiiterprizes, and means whatsoever, all and every such person and persons
as shall at any time hereafter, in an hostile manner, attempt or enterprize the destruction, invasion,
detriment or annoyance of our said colony."
" To authorize and appoint such persons as they shall think fit, to take subscriptions, and to gather
and collect such monies as shall be by any person or persons contributed for the purposes aforesaid ;
and shall and may revoke and make void such appointments as often as they shall see cause so to do."
1791. Grant (Sierra Leone) by George the Third to Granville Sharpe, William Wilberforce and others, of
all lands in the Peninsula of Sierra Leone : with powers of legislation and government quite as large as
those granted to Lord Baltimore or William Penn.
B. — Precedency in the Colonies.
1, The Governor, Lieutenant-governor, officer administering the governmc^nt ; 2, Senior officer in command
of the troops if he is to succeed to Governor in death or absence. 3, Bishops. 4, Chief Justices. [In
Jamaica Chief Justice precedes Bishop], 5, Memt)ers of Executive Council. 6, President of Legislative
Council. 7, Members of do. 8, Speaker of House of Assembly. 9, Puisne Judges. 10, Members of House
of Assembly. 11, Colonial Secretary, (not being in Executive Council). 12, Commissioners or Govern-
ment Agents of Provinces or Districts. 13, Attorney-general. 14, Solicitor-general. 1.5, Commanding
Officer of troops (unless he is to take on himself the government in the event of the absence or death of
the Governor or Lieutenant-governor, or in cases of Hostilities when he takes precedence after Governor
or Lieutenant-governor). 16, Archdeacon. 17, Treasurer, Paymaster-general, or Collector of Internal
Revenue. 18, Auditor-general or Inspector-general of accounts. 19, Commissioner of Crown Lands.
20, Collector of Customs. 21, Comptroller of do. 22, Surveyor- general. 23, Clerk of Executive Council.
24, Clerk of Legislative Do. 25, Clerk of House of Assemblv. &c., &c., &c., [Rtdes and Regulations
Sic, 1837.]
C. — Miscellaneous Notes.
" In Colonies possessing representative assemblies appeals are heard by Governor and Executive Council,
and the accounts of the Colony are audited by them." [Instructions to Governors, p. 23.]
Uniform of Governors of Colonies same as present Lord-lieutenants of Counties in England only in blue
with silver embroidery, and scarlet collar and cuffs. [Rules and regulatiom 1831 .]
Salaries of the Governors- in-Chief and Lieutenant-governors of the Windward and of the Leeward islands
provided by Parliamentary Grants. Do. the Bahamas, Prince Edward's island. Western Coast of Africa and
I Western Australia.
" In the Canadas and New Brunswick all laws, statutes and ordinances are enacted by the King, by and
I with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council and assembly of the respective provinces.
In Nova Scotia, Prince Edward's Island, Newfoundland, Bahamas, Bermudas, and in all the West India
1 islands having representative assemblies, all laws &c., are enacted by government council and assembly.
In Colonies subject to the legislative authority of the King in council, local ordinances are enacted by
j tho Governor, with the advice and consent of the Legislative council: in British Guyana by the governor and
I Honourable Court of Policy.
No law or ordinance can be made, or if made is it valid if repugnant to the law of England— that is shall
interfere with the operation within the Colony of any British statute applying thereto." All monies levied
2SS
GENERAL APPENDIX.
by ordinances or laws are accounted for in their api)roi)riation to the King, his heirs and successors thnniph
the Lords Comraihsioners of the Treasury. [Rules and Regutations for the information and guidance of the
principal Officers and others in His Majesty's Colonial possessions. London.}
D. — Return of the Numbers and Distribution of the Effective Force, Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers,
and Raniv and File, of the British Army in the several Colonies, according to the latest Returns re-
ceived, including Colonial Corps, and Artillery and Engineers. — [Pari. Paper, 1835.]
Officers Present, or on Detached Duty
at
the Station.
Stations.
■♦-»
i
i2
_0J
5
o
a .
.2 o
o
'J?
C
1
0)
a
s
B
C
a
3
u tn
(fl
c
s
u,
u
3
en b.
E
B
3
.a
s
o
JO
S
o
3
W
p-
<
as
W
«t;c«
OT
Q
Pi
Gibraltar
1
7
3
3f.
4H
20
5
5
4
4
8
168
55
2804
Malta . . . •
5
2
2f.
39
13
5
5
5
5
6
158
52
2479
Ionian Islands -
1
5
5
27
40
24
4
5
6
5
5
188
65
3047
West Coast of Africa
-
-
-
4
5
4
-
-
-
1
1
23
9
4 93
Cape of Good Hope
-
.5
4
20
31
13
2
4
4
4
3
no
38
1757
Mauritius ....
-
6
4
23
30
16
3
3
3
4
5
127
42
2030
Ceylon ....
-
7
5
37
65
23
3
4
4
5
6
274
78
3886
New South Wales .
_
3
6
23
32
21
2
3
3
3
5
116
37
2133
Nova Scotia, &c.
1
4
2
23
38
10
4
3
4
2
4
132
43
2036
Newfoundland
-
1
-
3
7
3
-
-
-
-
1
16
8
276
Canada ....
1
7
a
33
41
19
4
5
5
4
7
159
50
2408
Bermuda ....
-
2
1
9
12
3
-
1
1
-
2
36
14
613
Jamaica
-
5
.5
35
52
16
5
6
6
4
6
177
60
2837
Honduras ....
-
-
1
1
4
3
-
-
-
-
1
20
5
338
Bahamas
-
1
-
3
6
4
1
-
-
1
-
24
12
450
Windward and Leeward Colonies
—
C
12
58
65
33
9
11
10
!!
1
340
103
5530
Total
4
64
5.5
361
515
225
47
55
56
52
71
2068
671
33117
Adjutant General's Office, 1
20 March 1835. J
John Macdonald,
Adjutant- General.
E, — Distribution of the troops serving in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, on the 1st May
1834. — Sydney, 4th foot, 505 rank and file; Do. 17th do. 5 do. Longbottom, 17th do. 1 do. Paramatta, j
17th do. 215 do. Liverpool, 17th do. 4 do.; Do. 50th do. 14 do. George's River, 50th do 20 do. Bong-
bong, 17th do. 12 do. Windsor, 17th do. 22 do. Maitland, 17th do. 19 do. Newcastle, 17th do. 38 do.
Port Stephens, 17th do. 12 do. Emu Plains, 17th do. 60 do. Spring Wood, 1 7th do. 1 do. Weather!
Board, 17th do. 1 do. Cox's River, 17th do. 79 do. Bathurst, 4th do.; Do. 17th do. 44 do. Port Mac-I
quarrie, 17th do. 33 do. Moreton Bay, 17th do. 80 do.
F. — Distribution of the army in May 1838. — England — Cavalry, 11, Regiments, Infantry, 13, Depots of Re-^
giments, 24. Ireland — Cavalry 6, Infantry 15, Depots 28. Scotland — Cavalry 2, hifiintry 2, Depots 3. India
— Cavalry 4, Infantry 20. North America — Cavalry 2, Infantry 16. Gibraltar — Infantry 5. Mediterra-J
nean — Infantry 8. West Indies — Infantry 8. Jamaica — Infantry 5. Austral-Asia — Infantry 5. Ceylon
4. Cape of Good Hope 3. Mauritius 3. Bermudas 2. St, Helena 1.
G.— Grain imported from British Possessions out of Europe. — 1821, wheat 38,825 quarters, flour 24,619J
1822, wheat 32,109 qrs., flour 7,271 ; 1823, wheat 766 qrs., flour 391 ; 1824, wheat 778 qrs., flour 2 ; 1825|
wheat 63,952 qrs., flour 3,135; 1826, wheat 41,055 qrs., flour 11,053; 1827, wheat 56,869 qrs., flouf
12,630; 1828. wheat 18,773 qrs., floui 23,407 ; 1829, wheat 7,816 qrs., flour 6,159 ; 1830, wheat 46,38|
qrs., flour 48,459.
[In the following statements will be found detailed accounts of the expenditure incurred by Great Britail
for the Colonies in 1832, &c. Since these accounts have been prepared there have been considerable redu^
tions (excepting Canada) and strenuous eftbrts are making to enable the colonists to pay for part of the
military defences. — R. M. M.]
I
J
—
01
•s
£
S}U
2 "r
a .»i;
1
Ha.
u
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s!
K
v
a
pa
o
s
jtia
—
^
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PII
s
m
>.
e
M
tt
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a
x
f
a
.Dn^
■a C
can
aper.
at an
rdina
4
(1
(1
£
i
<r. a
*.2
'-•
^^
g-
&«
§S3
^s
•o >.
c>u
"a
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«
£fi
&
sv, s
II e
kg a
g -
1
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asi
5
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& s
a
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n
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*j
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b j:
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s —
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<.. 1
o
M
a
a
o
u
■"J
f 1
i
GENERAL APPENDIX.
S89
oned Officers,
t Returns re-
^ 55
2804
S 52
2479
8 65
3047
3 9
493
38
1757
7 42
2030
4 78
3886
G 37
2133
2 43
2036
U!; 8
276
59 50
2408
if, 14
613
77
60
2837
20
5
338
24
12
450
40
103
5530
.
68 671 33117
lers, flour 24,6191
Irs., flour 2; 1825|
I 50,869 qrs., floul
IsSO, wheat 46,381
Id by Great BritaiJ
lonsiderable redu*
[y for part of the"
I
5
2
ta
a
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a
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386634
208248
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a
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lliliili
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is •§
H
is;
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•< *^ d
290
GENERAL APPENDIX.
'■ ■ . . it' It .... . ^f f._
I. — GENERAL ABSTRACT OF COLONIAL EXPENDITURE BY GREAT BRITAIN,
IN THE YEAR 1834-35.
&<i 1
6
6u% \
5 =
II
■
Military
Charges
n
a
•0
Q
a
i
!5
m
t
n
I
1
1
I
%
i
a
1
1
«
z
■■3
a
1
Total Expenditure f
Military, Civil and N
val Establishments.
3 q
>
■a-.
<
Repayments from Col
nial Revenues and Su
pins Customs, and Po
Office Collections.
/
■3 -a
Military and Maritlmb
£
£
£
4!
£
£
di
Ji
£
£
£
Stations ;
Giliraltar
149130
7O8O
142065
569
229
329
375
142760
, ,
, ,
142760
Malta
112692
15803
96888
472
423
49
6636
103674
. ,
103.174
Cape of Good Hope
1393^1
4813
134577
330
330
4286
139192
1:19192
Mauritius
106517
9224
96293
745
.,
745
. .
97038
I7OUO
BOIHW
Bermuda
50635
2447
48388
32054
2139
29915
14300
92604
, ,
92604
Fernando Po
.,
4272
4272
, ,
4272
, ,
4272
Ascension
. ,
,.
, ,
\\
7006
7006
, ,
, ,
7006
Heligoland
..
, ,
1776
"_'.
1776
, ,
1776
, .
, ,
1776
Ionian Islands
16S1S1
23406
14i'745
, ,
141745
, ,
, ,
141745
St. Helena
. ,
, ,
\_
, ,
60000
, ,
60000
Plantations & Settlements :
Jamaica Command.
Jamaica
*
r ••
10075
1
Bahamas
■261508
29609
231898
44812
42272
2540
3262
237700
1 ••
^227625
Honduras
I ••
J
Windward and Leeward Islands
Command.
Barbadoes
"
Grenada
St. Vincent
Tobago
Antigua
Montserrat
St. Christopher's
Nevis
-388290
10828
377462
nn^
93487
439
377901
■■
16708
36219'.'
Anguilla
Virgin Islands
Dominica
St. Lucia
Trinidad
British Guinea
.
Lower Canada
Upper Canada
} 229365
11S91
217774
43652
40714
2938
860
221573
f 29851
••
} 251425
Xova Scotia Command.
Nova Scotia
1
r
.,
"1
New Brunswick
Prince Edward's Island
1 147296
9877
I374I8
47310
31339
15970
1671
165060
1 '.'.
•■
1 155538
Newfoundland
J
I 478
J
Sierra Leone
Gambia
} 25280
1047
34233
17422
, ,
17422
r 1500
}4315S
43156
Cape Coast
, ,
. ,
1750
, ,
1750
1750
I3364S
17935
17.10
147283
17935
Ceylon
Western Australia
131038
9838
16
1147
131021
8690
639
15000
5755
639
9245
1985
13717
..
Penal Sbttlembnts :
•■
••
New South Wales
Van Diemcn's Land ..
} 122845
14641
108203
347593
8258
342335
..
450539
{::
12964
17220
} 420353
General Charges
27685
••
27686
4000
••
4000
31686
••
••
31685
^.
2065674
141336
1924337
640072
221618
15708
434161
42322
2460842
44047
72968
2431900
Less, Surplus Deductions, car
Tied to 10th Column ..
N. fi.— Classed Ex
penditnr
B £ 24
)0822
St. Helena
..
30000
Whitehall, Treasury Chambers, \
18th August 1836. J
.«
205910
£ 24
90822
Note.— For a detail of the above Charges, (Military, Civil and Naval,) see the following Appendix,
marked (A.), (B.) and (C.)
IN,
\ a qjA
> M S c
g V °> -C
' a E u
* Sp.o
17000
10075
5 =
a rt
142760
in:ir)7i
i;i<ji«2
92604
4272
7006
1776
141745
60000
1.227625
15708 36219'.t
} 251425
12964
17220
72968
1555^8
43155
1750
14/263
17935
} 420353 I
31685
2431900
ue £ 2400822
60000
£ 2460822
.ppendix,
GENERAL APPENDIX. Mj|
K. — An account of the amount paid by Great Britain for the Military Expenditure of each Colony (so fur as
the same can be separately stated) for the year ending 3l8t March, 1833. — (A.)
(
ORDINARIES
DF THE ARMY.
ORDNANCE CHARf^ES.
T
imentai pay, ciotning,
jngencies and hospi-
charges, exclusive of
pages for provisions.
of general and roedi-
itaff, garrison officers
and chaplains.
•2 b
and allowances of
vil departments of
Ordnance.
tingent expenses of
:ivil and military
inches of Ordnance.
i
s
8
to
1
i 1
a,
ft -a
struction and repairs
arracks and military
buildings.
2
■3
S" c e
>.
i»>tJ
t»>o
a - c
TS
i>..o
G -O
H
_
^§32
&'%
&<
&
.a
§
<2
^
0*3
I
Military and Maritime Sta-
tions :
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Gibraltar ....
62856
5271
19719
3353
3900
1149
825
674
3064
523
Malta ....
66293
2425
8599
2740
1641
812
2115
716
2270
919
Cape of Good Hope .
47674
4487
6854
2915
2885
1064
387
647
3775
28
Mauritius .
5r)182
3155
6981
1918
1255
213
5504
543
5071
405
Bermuda ....
16890
069
8266
1061
1280
72
4671
234
737
■ •
Fernando Po . . .
Ascension
Heligoland
Ionian Islands :
94183
3535
9963
1229
620
459
21998
188
• •
558
Plantations and Settlements:
Jamaica Command :
Jamaica
Bahamas .
■120868
7835
11324
2772
2027
665
, ,
660
916
2212
Honduras .
Windward and Leeward Is-
lands Command :
Barbadoes
Grenada .
St. Vincent
Tobago
Antigua
Montserrat
St. Christopher's
Nevis
•151277
13307
16884
10089
6752
2954
1209
3340
16207
2539
Anguilla .
Virgin Islands .
Dominica .
St. Lucia .
Trinidad .
British Guiana .
Lower Canada .
Upper Canada .
• 65391
8491
18223
5857
5532
731
53062
2641
4197
719
Nova Scotia Command :
Nova Scotia
"
New Brunswick
Prince Edward's Island
• 60493
5493
16292
4499
3887
753
8519
1166
2406
1660
Newfoundland .
Sierra Leone
Gambia ....
• 11586
712
• •
736
147
176
. .
200
356
..
Ceylon ....
93736
3911
8110
2608
1690
1612
, .
, .
172
..
Western Australia* .
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
••
3162
• •
Penal Settlements:
1
New South Wales .
Van Diemen's Land .
1 54610
929
• •
••
••
••
••
••
..
General Charges
Total .
90104.')
60225
;131215
1
39777
31616
\
,10660
1
98290
11099
1
42333
1
9563
The expense of the troops at this station is included under the New South Wales Command.
292
GENERAL APPENDIX.
An Account of the Amount paid by Great Britain for the Military Expenditure of each Colony (so far as the
same can be separately stated), for the year ending .'Hst March, 1835. — CConlinwd.J
COMMISSARIAT & ARMY
EXTRAORUINARIES.
i
iport of troops and stores. !
1
ns and stores sent from Eng-
ith surplus stores delivered
from transports.
3
U
.a
s
U
3
3ns for stoppages from ord-
nd officers' servants, rent of
lands and buildings, prem.
& paymts. from col. resources
a
•a
1
Provisions, forage and fuel,
commissariat incidents,
stores and freight of specie
from England.
ent expenses of mili-
art. & special allow-
id pay of pioneers.
Great Briti
o
4-1
4~l
8
•a
J
Conting
tary dep
ances an
<
H
.2 i*
to «
p
H
Deducti(
nance, a
military
on bills, 1
3
<
Military and Maritime
Stations.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Gibraltar
1469
27412
448
—
6444
12025
149136
7080
142055
Malta ....
1G47
19940
130
—
1250
1186
112092
15803
96888
Cape of Good Hope
2039
48586
15818
—
2229
—
139391
4813
134577
Mauritius
1044
20697
1235
—
2311
—
105517
9224
96293
Bermuda
757
6695
650
—
3982
4668
50635
2247
48388
Fernando Po
Ascension. .
Heligoland .
Ionian Islands
1475
24847
2484
—
1267
2345
165151
23406
141745
Plantations 8f Settlements.
Jamaica Command :
Jamaica
Bahamas .
• 3239
70901
28211
190
4314
5370
261580
29609
231808
Honduras .
Windward and Leeward
Islands command :
Barbadoes .
Grenada .
St. Vincent
Tobago
Antigua .
Montserrat
St. Christopher's
Nevis
• 9305
78630
21567
1808
14149
38270
388290
10828
337462
Anguilla .
Virgin Islands .
Dommica .
St. Lucia .
Trinidad .
British Guiana .
Lower Canada.
Upper Canada
■ 8134
42561
11743
—
2068
12
229365
11591
217774
Nova Scotia Command :
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick .
Prince Edward's Island.
■ 3172
28019
3398
—
6259
1277
147296
9877
137418
Newfoundland .
Sierra Leone .
Gambia
■ 1355
4637
1689
—
1094
2500
25280
1047
24233
Ceylon ....
—
13633
120
—
5434
10
131038
16
131021
Western Australia
456
4296
951
—
—
971
9838
1147
8G90
Penal Settlements.
'.'■ .
New South Wales .
Van Diemen's Land
■ 6202
51819
8063
—
—
1219
122845
14641
108203
General charges .
—
—
—
—
6773
20912
27685
—
27685
Total .
40301
442684
96513
1998
57580.
1
90771
2065674
141336
1924337
GENKRAL APPENDIX.
293
(so far as the
"* o
. tft
e
■a
PQ
«
o
o
,n B
(/)
■a >-•
o
C 18
o
a a.
U
<
^ J3
Bg
,
£.
080
142055
9fi8H8
134577
9f)2'j3
48388
}406 141745
9f)09 231898
0828 337462
1591 217774
137418
4641
Il336
24233
131021
8C90
108203
27685
L.-Statcmcnt of Kxpcniliture by Great Britain for Civil Services relating to the colonies, in the year ^/
1834-35.— (B.)
U
Military and Murilime Sta
tions.
Gibraltar
Malta
Cape of Good Hope
Mauritius
Bermuda
Fernando Po
Ascension
Heligoland
Ionian Islands .
St. Helena
Plantations and Settlements
Jamaica Command :
Jamaica
Bahamas .
Honduras .
Windward and Leeward Is
lands Command :
Barbadoes
Grenada
St. Vincent
Tobago
Antigua
Montserrat
St. Christopher's
Nevis
Anguilla .
Virgin Islands .
Dominica
St. Lucia .
Trinidad .
British Guiana .
Lower Canada .
Upper Canada .
Nova Scotia Command
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
Prince Edward's Island
Newfoundland .
Sierra Leone
Gambia
Cape Coast
Ceylon
Western Australia
Penal Settlements:
New South Wales
Van Diemen's Land .
General Charges
Totals
Is
u v
o -S
go
O T(
= c
a, p
(A fi
CONVICT ESTABLISHMKNTS AND
CHARGES.
702
1257
200
357
202
121
468
77
602
22
34
M,
4069
19192
459311
22489 J
68421
35121
35121
4441
167898
=}
=}
'42101
32016
187090 78559
5124
4272
375
3927
3300
1291
1212
1338
3450
887
200
222
1253
12135
4424
6226
11995
1750
13002
76388
c 1
in i>
S Ml
B
1,1
250
6772
12353
S S
c/i a
Id
:e ti
^ B
CS ui
<n O
I. a;
2493
375
150
375
{ =
4000
26769
£.
507
301
3;i0
43
127
243
81
245
58
93
77
180
34
30
107
2327
610
659
8
40
27
539
6666
1924337
294
GENERAL APPENDIX.
Statement of Expenditure by Great Britain fur Civil Services relating to the Colonies, in the yenr l834-3.'>.
(Continued. J
II
Establishment of
Deductions.
••3
Hritish llevt-inic De-
partments, andCon-
tingent Expenses.
1
,
ons
d, or
part-
IJons
id, or
De-
3
Miscellaneous CI
Civil Contingencies
Chests.
Total
Charges.
Customs Collectii
remitted to Englan
Expended by the de
ment, including 4J
cent Duties.
Post Office Collec
remitted to Englan
Expended by the
partment.
1
s
Customs
Departments.
Post Office
Department.
S.
>
*-*
Military and Maritime
Stations :
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
£.
Gibraltar ....
—
—
52
55!>
—
229
229
32!»
Malta ....
_
—
171
472
—
423
423
49
Cape of Good Hope .
—
.—
—
330
—
—
—
330
Mauritius ....
—
—
—
745
—
—
—
745
Bermuda ....
—
2811
108
32054
1H89
250
2139
29915
Fernando Po . . .
—
—
—
4272
—
—
—
4272
Ascension
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
Heligoland
1401
—
—
1776
—
—
—
1776
Ionian Islands .
St. Helena
Plantations and Settlements:
Jamaica Command :
Jamaica
—
20861
8848"
f 22180
17203
Bahamas .
—
2r)98
24 •
44812
■ 2441
146
■42272
2:.40
Honduras .
—
—
—
[ —
—
Windward and Leeward
Islands Command :
Barbadoes .
—
65.16
377'
f 27574
1798
Grenada .
—
3875
109
2086
605
St. Vincent
:
3586
106
2866
632
Tobago
1854
92
1026
395
Antigua
5243
114
20504
781
Montserrat
963
19
1460
80
St. Christopher's
Nevis
— -
3828
1600
138
61 ■
77779
7674
4881
547
146
• 93487
Anguilla
—
—
—
—
Virgin Islands .
1239
58
975
109
Dominica .
2445
116
1029
255
St. Lucia .
500
2739
91
1927
320
Trinidad .
—
4182
191
4318
931
British Guiana .
246
7731
341.
8960
1593
Lower Canada .
Upper Canada .
Nova Scotia Command :
} ''^
8622
22209
43652
8204
32510
40714
2938
Nova Scotia
—
11094
" 9190]
New Brunswick .
Prince Edward's Island
247
7914
7.50
•7444
47310
5311
384 ■
9584
31339
15970
Newfoundland .
—
4560
6868 J
Sierra Leone
Gambia ....
4775
— -
= }
17422
—
—
—
17422
Cape Coast
—
—
1750
—
—
—
1750
Ceylon ....
—
—
—
539
—
—
—
539
Western Australia
1997
—
—
15000
—
—
5755
9245
Penal Settlements :
New South Wales
Van Diemen's Land .
2000
_ ,
= }
347593
—
—
5258
342335
General Charges
—
—
4000
—
—
—
4000
Totals
11245
105059
40678
640072
142058
68546
221618
15708
43416
Less, S
urplus I
deductions, carried to General
Statement
£.
?
206910
Penal Se
New South W
Van Diemen'fi
Rr lfi34-3.'..
OKNF.RAI. APPFNniX.
t»
229
423
2139
i
0070
£.
329
-19
3;to
745
299 ir.
4272
177fi
2r>40
13487
0714 2938
1339
15755
I5258
IIGI8
ir)70H
ib910
15970
17422
1750
539
9245
342335
4000
434 If)
M.— General Abstract nf the Rcvcniiei anil other Receipts <.. the Local OoTcrnments of the leveral British Colonies In
the Year 1n:u, (no far as Returns for that Year have been received at the Treasury.)
Colonlf*.
1
i
if
Government Mono-
imlies, and Sales of
Produce.
Territorial Reve-
nues, Crown pro-
perty and Droits.
p
as
a S
a» a
3|
at
HO
^1
1.1
< a
Receipts in aid ot
Revenne Loans, Go-
vernment Notes and
Advances by Great
Britain.
Colonial Balances
of former Years
1 applied to Expendi-
1 ture.
1
Collections by Bri-
tisii Reveoae De-
partments.
Special Rates or
Dues not at the
Disposal of GoTcn-
ment.
Mitilurji ana Miiritime
Sliitium :
£.
£.
€.
£.
.*■.
Ji.
£.
;*■.
£.
m.
jtf.
Olliraltar . . . .
afiHi.i
—
3404
777
31037
—
31037
229
2273
Malta
m-iw
—
251)20
1021
IM6N(i:l
99UH
4909
—
121771
423
Cope of Good Hope
lfl'J-2!l.t
—
12292
4UHI
I1H.599
—
11-63
130363
Mauritius . . , .
171HUH
—
3229
25253
200226
—
10877
2167
213332
Bermuda . . . .
■1
HellKoland . . . .
■ No Returns received.
Ascension . . . .
J
Plantnlinna and SrlttemrntH:
Jamaica
■>
Bahamas . . . .
■ No Hcturns received.
Honduras . . . .
Uarliadobs . . . .
20725
—
—
15495
36220
—
—
—
36220
29373
Grenada . . . .
mil
—
79
—
11190
—
—
1548
12739
2692
St. Vincent's
No Returns received.
Tobago . • . . .
W{)'2
—
63
86
4241
—
—
338
4580
1422
AntlKua . . , .
12562
—
32
1488
14083
—
—
-.-
14083
31285
Montnerrat , . . .
8t. Christopher's .
Nevis
Angullla . . . ,
y No Returns received.
Virgin islands
Dominica . . . .
St. Lucta . . . .
Trinidad . . . .
38547
751
113
39412
348
20891
—
6o6sa
5250
789s
British Guiana .
912.51
—
783
1400
93435
333
—
—
93768
10553
Lower Canada
i4;i7.3;t
12855
—
166589
—
—
—
156589
} 40714
f 17958
1 6643
Upper Canada
7fl76»
—
29938
2141
108841
—
71780
-—
I8O62I
Nova Scotia ....
No Returns received.
New Brunswick .
44IU3
—
19214
14370
77888
—
—
—
77888
}*15280
S454
Prince Edward's Ibland
7166
—
112
4<)9
7777
—
—
2980
10758
Newfoundland
2U!)53
—
12.39
5976
28168
—
—
—
28168
6868
Sierra Leone . . . .
7421
—
66
1221
8709
17
96
640
9463
Gambia
3060
—
30
122
3213
—
. —
—
3213
219
Fernando Po . . .
Cape Coast . . . .
} No Returns received.
Ceylon . • . . .
14I94S
8I176
49655
60419
333197
43931
5105
33436
415660
Western Australia
Pennl Setllemgnti:
New South Wales
144992
—
59215
2001
2062O8
20938
—
—
227147
Van Diemen's Land
85088
—
4594
12140
101823
474
—
14740
117038
Depindent Statta ;
Ionian Islands . t
No Retii
•ns rec
ilved.
* Including Post Office Return for Nova Scotia,
il'tA
■'•it'-*
J»P
CF.NERAI- APPENDIX.
'inaniiiMAOf) -xu
jn piso<Iii(p MIX in loll
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paildds svBSi jauuoj
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GF.NF.RAL AlM'KNniX
O. — Sliitenu'iit of l',x|)riiditiirc o. Irrat llritniii for
Naval Services relating to tliu Culoniis in the year
1834-35.— (C.)
W7
fl
1
is!
1
a
—
^* .
a
»fS ^
Colonies,
Doc
and
ents
03
m
cS
Salaries ot
Victualling
Establish m
«-2
1^
£5
Military and Maui-
TiMK Stations ;
£.
£.
£.
£.
Gibraltar .
3r.()
2.')
.•<75
Malta . . . .
:..').') 9
1076
,,
6C,36
Cape of Good Hope
2490
1788
. ,
4285
MaurltiuH
, ,
, ,
..
..0
HernuKla
4R4n
9454
1430
Fernando Po
, ,
, ,
..
• • 6
AHcension
400
. ,
6606
700
Heligoland .
, ,
Ionian Islands
••
• •
• •
..
Plantations and Skt-
TI.EMKNTS:
Jamaica Command :
Jamaica .
Bahamas .
[• '2964
297
3262
Honduras .
Windward and Leeward
Islands Command :
Barbadocs
Grenada .
,,
St. Vincent
Tobago .
, .
, ,
Antigua .
200
239
, .
439
Montserrat
St. Christopher's
, ^
..
Nevis
Anguilla .
..
.,
Virgin Islands .
, ,
J ^
Dominica
St. Lucia
..
..
Trinidad .
British Guiana
,.
Lower Canada
Upper Canada
1 597
263
••
860
Nova Scotia Command:
Nova Scotia
115fi
514
1671
New Brunswick
.,
..
Prince Edward's Is-
land.
Newfoundland
, ,
..
Sierra Leone
900
600
1500
Gambia
.,
.,
Cape Coast
, ,
, ,
,.
Ceylon
1460
525
, ,
1985
Western Australia
••
•■
• •
Penal Settlements :
New South Wales
..
• •
Van Diemen's Land .
■•
••
••
••
. Total . £.
20932
14783
6606
42322
P, — Colonial F.stlmatc!!, Sec, for the year ending 3 lit
March, 1M3U.
1N36.
liatmnina — Civil Kstablish-
nietit (including llght-
liousrs)
HcrmuWas — Civil Kstablish-
ment
Prince Kdwnrd's Island —
Civil ICstiiblUhiiient
Sierra Leone, Gambia, and
Gold Const . ,
(Mer^y, North America
Western Australia Settle-
ment
Indian Department, Canada
(iovernors and others. West
Indies ....
Governors, See , Heligoland
Justices ill Slave Colonics
Kductttlon in Slave Colonies
Kmisration Agents
St. Helena — Civil Establish-
ment and Allowances to
late Servants of the Kast
India Company .
Nova Scotia (including light-
houses)
Canals in Canada
Upper Canada (losses in the
war of 1H13 and 1814)
Lower Canada (Administra-
tion of Justice and Civil
Government) .
1940
4419
3070
12030
14140
737H
20000
16877
!i63
69950
25000
1H74
43353
1900
222924
1837.
3783
4 149
3070
11030
14140
5309
19500
16867
!)63
69950
30000
2632
18000
7400
14000
17910
142160
1838.
£.
2993
4449
3070
9880
1 1 790
6149
19155
17667
963
69950
30000
3819
16000
4900
8(00
381163 209385
298
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300
GENERAL APPENDIX.
R. — Abstract of the foregoing Account.
Built in the Ports
Years.
Built in the North
Built
in the
n,.nt nf A^nlfn
of Africa,
Total.
American
Colonies.
West Indies.
British India
and Australia.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Vessels.
Tonnage.
Vessels.
Tonnage
1814
83
9353
37
1146
• •
11
6197
131
16696
1815
150
16520
63
2147
20
11831
233
30498
181C
291
25448
98
4430
11
6033
400
35911
1817
202
16910
114
.5411
••
. .
8
3678
324
25999
1818
192
13243
106
4059
• .
6
4377
304
21679
1819
215
16588
113
5113
4
1650
332
23351
1820
m
11383
91
2978
4
2079
248
16440
1821
174
11884
98
2899
265
I
317
275
15365
1822
137
12212
70
2218
204
1
917
209
15611
1823
188
19135
50
1483
152
4
1470
243
22240
1824
252
39469
59
2436
, ,
• •
31
8617
342
50.'i22
182.')
422
69616
75
2132
1083
33
8064
536
80895
1826
4G2
77575
89
3849
11
1438
18
3692
580
86554
1827
418
61009
81
3275
11
1653
19
2971
529
68908
1828
377
45247
68
2378
7
1187
12
2032
464
50844
1829
332
32156
61
2601
7
1231
16
3249
416
39237
1830
2C9
26566
61
2903
3
446
34
2804
367
32719
1831
285
29184
63
1974
5
794
23
2338
376
34290
1832
289
34791
61
2013
4
830
57
7007
411
44C41
1833
337
45037
59
1997
3
510
61
6478
460
54022
1834
333
51168
62
2065
5
725
54
3286
4.54
57244
1835
350
54787
58
1618
6
970
65
7155
479
645:10
I83G
337
58987
63
1707
3
451
53
6039
456
67184
1837
370
60672
61
1564
6
843
59
7799
496
70878
Total
6G18
838940
.-61
64396
81
11842
605
110080
9065
102G258
T. — An Account of Corn, Grain, Meal and Flour shipped from the United Kingdom to India and the British
Colonies, in each Year, from 1814 to 1836 —[Pari. Paper, 1837.]
Corn and Grain.
Meal and Flour.
Barley
Pease
Indian
Total of
Wheat,
Oatmeal
Indian
Meal
Total of
s
Wheat
and
Oats.
Rye.
and
Corn.
Corn
Meal and
and
Meal.
of
Meal
^
Malt.
Qrs.
Beans.
and Grain.
Flour.
Grits.
other sorts
& Flour.
Qrs.
Qrs.
Qrs.
Qrs.
Qrs.
Qrs.
Cwts.
Cwts.
Cwts.
Cwts.
Cwts.
1814
79
2310
23204
31
12199
—
37823
278815
13590
—
208
292G13
1815
1880
1694
15602
—
9340
—
28516
66430
9509
—
172
76111
1816
1752
12129
2578«
115
9400
—
49184
71237
13115
—
174
94526
1817
313
2919
18685
—
10G20
—
32537
63962
13148
—
1714
78824
1818
69
1901
22169
—
6167
—
30306
947.52
21181
—
634
11G5C7
1819
243
1985
24941
1
8017
3341
38528
110339
20124
1965
513
132931
1820
176
2501
24067
6683
2321
35748
145874
12693
25
30
158622
1821
7246
2374
18943
—
5910
2512
36985
135849
11901
—
27
147777
1822
32905
2735
17484
5
11127
675
64931
80647
11075
—
30
91752
1823
16215
1744
17384
1
8897
—
44241
65699
13118
—
92
78909
1824
718
1118
16440
—
4706
—
22982
102877
11598
—
43
114518
1825
6128
1907
17406
—
3815
60
29316
43993
11744
45
30
55812
1826
2913
1143 15739
—
3873
18
23686
26432
10616
—
87
37135
1827
1651
1055
13030
—
2180
1987
19903
77276
10365
789
45
88475
1828
685
1097
19558
—
2806
819
24865
55679
140G2
191
17
69949
1829
62
753
17957
—
3106
2517
24395
54126
10044
662
55
64887
1830
23
1040
14040
—
1900
449
17452
36640
10121
137
32
46930
1831
114
566
12548
—
1981
1146
16355
44006
9598
968
915
55487
1832
3211
597
16366
—
1743
416
22333
88347
10453
—
63
988G3
1833
10969
1173
21078
—
1760
314
35294
102966
16118
3134
120
121338
1834
13512
5275
20346
—
1406
—
40539
83117
11547
—
423
95087
1855
29782
3389
28301
—
4803 264
66539
115238
7795
—
13
12304C
1836
79819
1
5195
1
.53316
1290
3820
53
143493
229016
9866
~~
341
239223
GENERAL APPENDIX.
SOI
els. 1
'onnage.
31
16696
33
3049(i
DO
35911
24
25909
04
21679
'52
23351
48
16440
75
15365
09
15611
43
22240
42
50522
3f>
80895
80
86554
29
68908
f.4
50844
If.
39237
67
32719
!76
34290
111
44641
ICO
54022
154
57244
179
64530
45f.
67184
496
70878
065
1026258
and the British
1
leal
Total of
of
Meal
r sorts
& Flour.
wts.
Cwts.
208
292613
172
76111
174
94526
714
78824
(,:u
116567
513
132931
30
158622
27
147777
30
91752
92
78909
43
114518
30
55812
87
37135
45
88475
17
69949
55
64887
32
46930
915
55487
63
98863
120
121338
423
95087
13
123046
341
239223
T. — Colonial News])apcrs. — Diatinguishing the Colony, the Name of Newspaper, and how often Published.
(It has been found very diflicutt to make out this statement ; the details, both as to the names of the jour-
nals and the date of publication, can only be considered as an approximation towards a correct list of
Colonial Journals.)
Jamaica. — Gazette, weekly; Royal Gazette, do.; Despatch, five timis ; Herald, twice; Standard, do.;
Montogo Bay Gazette, do. ; Falmouth Post, do. ; Cornwall Courier, do. ; Kingston Chronicle, do.
Trinidad. — Standard, twice a week ; Port of Spain Gazette, do.
J'oba<jn. — Chronicle, weekly.
Grenada.— ¥tee Press, weekly ; St. George's Chronicle, do.
St. Vincent. — Royal Gazette, weekly; Chronicle, do.
Barbadues. — Globe, twice a week ; I3arbadian, do. ; Mercury, do, ; West Indian, do. ; Times, do.
Dominica. — Colonist, weekly.
Antiqua. — Herald, weekly ; Weekly Register, do.
Bermuda. — Royal Gazette.
St. Lucia. — Palladium.
St. Kitts. — Gazette, weekly ; Advertizer, do.
Bahamas. — The Royal Gazette, The Observer.
Guiana. Royal Gazette ; Chronicle ; Berbice Advertiser"
Canada (Lower), Montreal Herald, published at Montreal, (daily) ; do. Gazette, (do.) three times a
v^'eek ; Vindicator, do., do. : La Minerve, do., do. ; La Canadien, published at Quebec, three times per week.
Quebec Gazette, (by authority) published at Quebec three times per week ; La Gazette de Quebec, do. do. ;
Morning Herald, do. do. ; Morning Courier published at Montreal, (daily) ; Transcript, do., twice per week ;
Quebec Mercury, published at Quebec, three times per week ; Sherbrooke Gazette, do. Sherbrooke, weekly ;
Missiskoui Island Frelightbrorg do. ; L'Ami du Peujile, published at Quebec, three times per week.
Canada (Upper). Patriot; Paladium ; Correspondent; Advocate; Reformer; BrockviUe Recorder;
Spectator (Kingston); St. Thomas Liberal; Hamilton Free Press: British Whig (Kingston); British
American Journal; Niagara Reporter; Christian Guardian; Granville Gazette; Sandwich Emigrant; St.
Thomas's Journal ; London Free Patriot ; Western Mercury ; Dundas Post ; Niagara Gleaner ; Canadian
Wesleyan; Canadian Freeman; Port Hope Wonder; Coburg Star; Bellville Standard; Hallowell Free
Press; Kingston Chronicle; Kingston Herald; Cornwall Observer; Upper Canada Courier; Canada Mu-
seum (in German).
Neut Brunswick. Royal Gazette, weekly ; Observer, do. ; Courier, do.
Nora Scotia. Royal Gazette; Nova Scotia ; Times; Halifax Journal ; The Pearl; Lunenburg Churchman.
Prince Edward's Island. Royal Gazette ; Herald.
Newfoundland. Royal Gazette ; Public Ledger; Patriot.
Bengal. — Calcutta Government Gazette, weekly ; Bengal Hurkaru daily ; Calcutta Monthly Journal
Englishman, daily ; Daily News, do. : Asiatic Observer, do. ; Quarterly Oriental Review, British India
Military Repository, do. ; Unit, and Christ. Miscellany, do. ; Trifler, do. ; Oriental Mercury, do. ;
Calcutta Monthly Miscellany, do.; Bengal Directory, annually; Spy, do.; Bengal Annual, do. ; Weekly
Gleaner, Scotsman in the Fast, do. ; Columbian Press, do. ; Bengal Chronicle, three times a week ;
Oriental Observer, weekly ; Indian Msigaziiie, do. ; Literary Gazette, do. ; Calcutta Chronicle, do. ;
Gospel Investigator, do.; Commercial Chronicle, do.; Bengal Herald, (4 lang) do. ; Calcutta Gazette, do.;
Kaleidoscope, do. ; Calcutta Register, do. ; Mirror of the Press, do. ; Annual Keepsake, annually : Calcutta
Magazine, do.; Commercial Guide, do, ; India Gazette, daily ; John Bull, do. ; India Register, do. ; Exche-
quer Gazette, do, ; Daily advertizer, do. ; Tulloh's do., do. ; Loll Bazar do., do. ; India Gazette, three times
a week ; Calcutta Courier, daily ; Reform, weekly ; Inquirer, do. ; Commercial Price Current, do. ; Calcutta
Exchange do., do. ; Domestic Retail do., do. ; Exports and Imports do., do. ; Bengal Register, monthly;
Sporting Magazine, do. ; Asiatic Society Journal, do. ; Calcutta Christian Observer, do. ; United Service
Journal, do.; Oriental Pearl, annually; Bengal Souvenir, do. ; Calcutta Directory, do.; General Register,
do. ; Bengal Almanac, do. ; Bengal Army List, quarterly.
Upper Bennal. — Agra Ukbar Delhi Gazette. Meerut Observer.
Madras. — Courier, four times a week ; Herald, twice; Spectator, do. ; Fort St. George Gazette, do ; Con-
servative do. ; the Male Asylum Herald, do. ; Despatch, do. ; Standard, do. ; U, S, Gazette, do. ; Examiner, do.
The Bombay Press. — The Bombay Gazette ; do. Courier ; do Government Gazette ; do. American Mission ;
do. Durpun ; do. General Printing; do. Price Current; do. Summachar; do. Jami Jamsheed ; do. Chabook ;
Periodical Publications and Weekly Newspapers. The Bombay Gazette ; do Courier. Once a week ; the
Bombay Government Gazette ; do. Durpun (English and Mahratta) ; do. Price Current , do. O'Bombaim In-
\G%X.\%dAw, [Portuguese). Monthly Publications; the Oriental Christian Spectator; do. Evangelist's Re-
porter ; do. Bombay Quarterly Army List. Yearly ; the Bombay Calendar and Directory ; do. Calendar and
Almanack; do. New Directory. Goozratty Publications. — The Bombay Summachar ; do, Chabook; do.
Jami Jam-Sheed ; do. Doorbin.
Bombay. — Gazette, three times a week ; Courier, do. ; Despatch, do,
Ceylon. — Chronicle, twice a week ; Colombo Observer, do.
Penang. — Gazette, twice a week,
Singapore. — Chronicle, twice a week ; Free Press,
Neiv South IVales. — Sydney Herald, twice a week ; Sydney Gazette, do. ; Australia, do. ; Monitor, do. ;
Sydney Times, do. ; Melbourne Advertiser, Port Philip Gazette.
Fan Diemen's Land. Hobart Town Courier, weekly ; do. Gazette, do. ; Colonial Times, do. ; True Colo-
8oa
GENERAL APPENDIX.
nist, do.; The Tasmanian, do.; Bents News, do,; The Trumpeter, do.; The Trumpeter General, do,;
I.aunceston Advertiser, do. ; do., do. ; Austral Asiatic Review, do.
Swan River, Government Gazette, weekly ; Perth do., do. ; Guardian, do.
South Australia. Gazette, weekly.
Cape of Goud Hope. South African Advertiser, twice a week ; Government Gazette, weekly ; The Mon-
derator, do. ; Graham's Town Journal, do. ; Zuid African, do.
St. Helena. Gazette, weekly. .v ,. .^»' .
Mauritius. La Ccrnean, weekly. Gazette, Le Cycle. , .' -i . , ■
Sierra Leone. Gazette, weekly. .• ■ . . ,|.' .,
Gibraltar. — Chronicle, daily ; Gazette do.
Malta. — Gazette, weekly ; the Mediterranean, do ; the Harlequin, do.
Corfu. — Gazette in Greek and Italian. , , ;,
U.— CHILDREN'S FRIEND SOCIETY.
This excellent Institution, known also by the name of its benevolent founder — as the " Brenton Juvenile
Asylum" — was founded by Captain Brenton R.N. in 1830 — for the vi'ise and good purpose of preventing
crime, by taking children off the streets and from the haunts of misery and crime before they become tainted
by the moral pestilence of our goals, or branded with the stamp of convicted felons. Depending solely on
individual assistance, and under the patronage of the Queen and Duchess of Kent, the founders and mana-
gers of this truly Christian Society have already effected much good ; the extent of their operations being
alone circumscribed by their means. The children are received into two asylums while in England ; that for
the boys is situate at Hackney Wick, (3 miles N. of London) ; the girls asylum is at Chiswick on the banks
of the Thames. The plan of these Asylums and the mode in which the children are provided for in the
Colonies will be best seen by the following transcript from the books of the Society.
"At 'The Brenton Juvenile Asylum,' Hackney-Wick, boys, under an able arid vigilant superintendent,
receive the advantages of religious and moral instruction, combined with a system of agricultural labour and
manual employment, calculated to form habits of general usefulness and industry.
" The establishment of the society for the reception of girls, at Chiswick, called, by permission, the ' Royal
Victoria Asylum,' is under the separate management of a committee of ladies. The girls remain in the
asylum until good and respectable habits have been so far acquired, that hope may be reasonably entertained
of their becoming generally useful.
" After this preparatory discipline, the children, unless removed by their friends, or discharged in conse-
quence of a refusal, on their part or that of their parents or guardians, to emigrate, are apprenticed, as farm
or domestic servants, to respectable individuals in our colonies.
"Committees of ladies, in the respective colonies, take care of the girls upon their arrival, and keep a
watchful authority over them during their time of apprenticeship.
" Committees of influential gentlemen at Cape Town, King George's Sound, Perth, Albany, Graham's
Town, Toronto in Upper Canada, and Huntingdon in Lower Canada, have already enabled the society to
provide for a considerable number of destitute children, who would otherwise probably have perished from
want or disease, or have been driven by misery to crime. These local committees have the power of can-
celling any indenture in case of ill usage.
" The plan of training and education pursued in the asylums of this society differs essentially from that in
common use. Under a plan of dicipline applied to the heart and affections, rendering corporal punishment
almost unnecessary, children are sufficiently susceptible of training to render them valuable apprentices,
with the prospect of becoming useful and respectable members of society : the system, though turning
principally on farm, out-door, and in-door labour, combines also that of the artisan.
" Character and conduct meet with due appreciation, and book learning is considered more in the light of
relaxation than in that of labour : yet it will be found that the pupils make certain and rapid progress in
necessary acquirements.
" The objects of this charity are : orphans ; children exposed to crime from the vice or poverty of the
parents ; children of parents who are in a state of great destitution, but whom a noble feeling prevents from
applying to the parish ; and children who are actually inmates of the workhouse : and it should be under-
stood that it is for such objects only that the charity is designed. It is unnecessary to enlarge upon the
advantages which must follow from removing that host of young and wretched beings with which the streets
of the metropolis are frequented, and rescuing these poor children from certain wretchedness and temptation
to crime, while they are still at an age when it is practicable, by a judicious and well-considered system of
religious and moral discipline, to reform these habits, and to render them happy in themselves, and contri-
butors to the general welfare."
The following are the regulations under which the society is supported and managed : —
A donation of 5^ or upwards constitutes the donor a member for life.
A subscription of 5*. or more, yearly, an annual member, and by increasing the subscription to 5/. within
the year, the subscriber becomes a life member.
All members have a right to vote upon every question propounded, and every election held, at any general
meeting of the society.
A legacy of 10/. and upwards bequeathed to the society constitutes the first named acting executor a
member for life.
Every annual subscription is considered as made on the 1st of June, or on the 1st of December next pre-
ceding the first payment.
All contributors receive, upon demand at the time of payment, tickets to the amount of their respective
donations or subscriptions.
r General, do,;
kly ; The Mon-
' >f
Irenton Juvenile
e of preventing
■ become tainted
ending solely on
ders and mana-
)perations being
igland ; that for
ck on the banks
)vided for in the
superintendent,
ural labour and
lion, the ' Royal
5 remain in the
ably entertained
arged in conse-
enticed, as farm
ival, and keep a
)any, Graham's
I the society to
perished from
power of can-
ity
from that in
punishment
apprentices,
hough turning
! in the light of
pid progress in
poverty of the
prevents from
)uld be under-
large upon the
lich the streets
md temptation
;red system of
es, and contri-
n to 51. within
at any general
ng executor a
ber next pre-
leir respective
GENERAL ATPENDIX,
303
Subject to the following regulations, and to the approval of the general committee, any child shall be
eligible to the benefits of the institution.
Any person contribu ng the sum of 1.5/., or producing tickets to that amount, is entitled to place a child,
between the ages of eleven and fourteen, upon the male or female establishment, as the case may be.
The general committee of management have power, in special cases, to admit any child under the age of
eleven, and between the ages of fourteen and sixteen, if in the latter case the child be of good moral cha-
racter. When, however, the child to be admitted is under the age of eleven, a sum varying from Is. to .0*.
per week (not in tickets) must he paid, over and above the entrance-money, until it shall attain that age.
Children are received from public institutions or parishes on payment of a weekly sum of 4s., and also of
10/. when embarked.
A limited number of young children between the ages of four and seven arc received into the female
establishment at Chiswick, from public institutions or parishes, on payment of 4.v. 31. per week, and without
entrance-money, to be educated in the infant-school system ; their continuance in the institution must,
however, depend upon the discretion of the general committee of management.
No child is received by the society until it shall have been examined by a medical man, and certified to be
in a sound state of health.
When the child has not been baptized as a member of the Established Church, or otherwise formally
admitted into any other religious community, measures are taken to supply the deficiency, according to the
wishes of its parents or guardians; and, in the case where no parents or natural guardians can be found,
the child is considered a member of the Established Church. The period of apprenticeship for which the
child ia to be bound in the colonies, is determined by the age declared on admission.
Upon admission, the boys are placed in the asylum at Hackney-Wick, and the girls in the asylum at
Chiswick, and retained there respectively till considered by the general committee fit for service or other
employment in the colonies.
No child is sent from England without the previous sanction of the general committee of management,
nor without its own free consnit, and the consent of its parents or guardians.
On the withdrawal of a child from the institution, all claim to the money paid with it is forfeited, and a
refusal to go abroad is consicl'.'rcd equivalent to a withdrawal.
N.B. The general committee of management meets every Wednesday; all applications for admission
must be made on that day, between tlic hours of eleven and one, at No. 9, Throgmorton -street, where letters
to the secretary must also be directed.
A personal examination of the boys' and girls' school, and an attention to the working of the institution,
for several years, enables me to bear my personal testimony to the great benefit which England and the
colonies derive from this excellent establishment. It is impossible to witness the condition and treatment
of the boys at Hackney, under the mild, firm, and judicious management of Mr. Wright, without experiencing
a great delight, and being convinced how important to the character of a nation is the early physical and
moral discipline, as well as mental education of its youth. There is no appearance of a cold charity among
the boys ; a sturdy, frank, cheerful, and manly demeanour is immediately observant in their conduct. They
farm their own ground, mend and wash their own clothes, work in the carpenter and blacksmith's shop,
repair their shoes, print their tracts, draw maps of the colonies to which they are proceeding, learn to swim,
climb a mast, "rig a yard," go through military exercises — in short, they are fitted for any occupation which
may enable them to obtain an honest livelihood. There is no personal chastisement (wliitli brutalizes
either child or man) ; a constant round of useful occupations leaves no leisure for vice ; every ten boys are
in charge of a monitor, chosen from among themselves; they go into school, two hours in the morning and
two hours in the evening, and, according as they rise in the scale of good conduct, they are permitted to
make choice of the colony to which they may prefer proceeding. Their emigration, therefore, is a reward
for their good conduct ; and the excellent reports which have come home from the colonies, is the best
proof of the soundness of the system which Captain Brenton, Mr. Maubert, and others, so beneficently see
carried into effect.
The following is a General Embarkation Return to December in each year except 1838.
Cape
Town.
Graham's
Town.
Mauritius.
Swan
River.
South
Australia.
Canada.
New
Brunswick.
Total.
Grand
Years.
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girl.s
1
Boys Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Boys
Girls
Total.
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838]
To Oct. }
31. J
121
C6
50
90
136
119
18
26
16
'37
32
76
3
4
2
7
1
5
26
10
3
4
3
9
4
2
5
7
7
21
75
17
1
2
22
1
I
10
34
1
230
88
150
144
139
126
2G
29
21
32
46
25C
117
171
176
185
1C5
582
129
79
14
5
••
39
16
4
123
26
45
1
877
193
1070
The plan of emigration was commenced in the year
qq
833, when all the children then in the asylums were
■c
304
GENERAL APPENDIX.
sent to the Cape of Good Hope. The total number of children received from November 1830, to December
31, 1H37, was 1,538; the total expenditure during that period was 21,880/. The number provided (or in
the colonics to October 31, 1838, is as above, 1,070 ; provided for by friends, &c., 570 ; died, 4 ; now in the
asylums, l.'j7 ; total number admitted since the first establishment of the institution, 1,801. It were much
to be wished that Her Majesty's Government would extend the benefits of this institution by a parliamentary
annual grant and by allotting a portion of land in Canada and other agricultural colonies for the formation of
branch asylums. Into those branch asylums the children would be received on landing; they would be
instructed in colonial farming, in the management of a dairy, and in every pursuit advantageous to a settler
in a new colony. On proof of long-continued good conduct, the adult should receive ten acres of land, a
horse, cow, and some farming implements ; and, on the marriage of one of the girls of the institution ; her
dower should be five acres of land, a cow, &c. The advantages of such an institution, both to the colonies
and the mother country, would be incalcuable. The former would have a constant itiflux of a young healthy
population morally and usefully trained for the good of society ; the latter would be checking crime in the
bud. Our pri.sons in 1838 are filled with the neglected children of 1828 and 1818. It is seldom that a man
becomes a criminal; the seeds of vice are sown in youth, and produce, in dense and civilized communities,
like England, a fatally abundant crop of the elements of general misery and national decay.
A society like the one now in existence, managed by a highly respectable committee, would be better
adapted for carrying this plan into effect than Government. Zeal seldom or ever pervades the officers paid
and appointed by Governments (such as they are now constituted), and, although integrity may be secured,
apathy predominates. Moreover, if Government were to carry the plan into eflFect, the children might be
considered as " transported," and the good effects arising from their feeling that they were earning their own
livelihood would be lost. I would earnestly urge on those who look to the welfare of the rising generation
as essential to the future happiness and prosperity of England, to consider this subject, and, instead of
building penitentiaries for male and female infant criminals, to take them out of crime unstained by the
contamination of a prison, and without aflTixing an indelible stamp of infamy, which clings like a curse
through life to the unfortunate being whom parental neglect has subjected to temptations, ere their sinful-
ness was apparent, before there was moral strength to resist them, and long prior to the mental conscious-
ness of the misery which inevitably ensues from a downward course of guilt. When, alas 1 will Governments
act on Christian principles, and endeavour to prevent crime, instead of punishing it when committed.
'!!k-
PRINTED BY W. NICOL, 60, PALL-MALL.
■e-
0, to December
irovided for in
4 ; now in tiie
It were much
i parliamentary
le formation of
they would be
ous to a settler
cres of land, a
istitution ; her
to the colonies
young healthy
ig crime in the
om that a man
I communities,
TOuld be better
he offtcers paid
my be secured,
Idren might be
ning their own
ling generation
nd, instead of
stained by the
s like a curse
re their sinful-
ntal conscious-
1 Governments
imitted.