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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■' ■ : \ : ■. ■ ■ . :■ I ,<"• 'V --i ;,V^.:; •(> -^ •■■■t;!^- ■■( ' ■v.. .';V ■ ,'•■■ ' <.q^' ' ,!*■. ' ■ ^ ■*■) The promise o has propc ance. Ai of arbitral royal arbi warrant oi sion of its diced jud( We cai approving to arbitral their govc of course suspendiii! of the On tiie presid extinguisii tlie entire lature and It will nol tion in the I senators, i • Oregon, w ? notice, rai creasing ■• larily. On the Senate wi precaution - , sive intent I Company 'i I I of the Coll ' 5 at the sam ' j over their I I foresee tha I or fraction quarrels ai ments. '1 in civilized and trappe i we relapse ( vention. : In the pi ' two goven ^1 tic notes, I elFect little f tiary, tiod I matters to :; rational ok " could not (! I without an I on this he \ will tell lit ; Columbia i matisLs nui don it : th neither doi sequeutly objection, f this sultJL'C more data. It may s that the nr gravate our towards us Washingtd lish go on whilst they aggrandiafi globe, by I f ■ •*" ■yA, ..,.^-'..,M,, "SV •■'!tSri 6 6^<3. mmmmmm OREGON AND PUNJAVB. 199 OREGON AND PUNJAUB. The Oregon dispute offers at the present small promise of a satisfactory solution. Neither party has proposed to the other terms likely of accept- ance. And we must confess that the specimens of arbitration, and of the awards pronounced by royal arbiters of late years, are not such as to warrant or encourage any power to trust the deci- sion of its rights to a probably ignorant or preju- diced judge. We can therefore conceive, without altogether approving, the refusal of the Americans to submit to arbitration. Still their refusal to do so places their government in a dilemma. The motion has of couv.se been brought for\vard to give notice for suspending tiie convimtion for the joint-occupation of the Oregon. If this, recommendjd as it is by the president, be rejected, it is a blow to him, ^in extinguisher to his zeul and eflbrts, whilst it takes the entire iiuestion out of the hands of both legis- lature and government, to refer it to the people. It will not improve or become more easy of solu- tion in their hands. And wc can imagine American . senators, friends of peace, and caring little for the Oregon, who might nevertheless vote for giving i notice, rather than risk the consequences of in- creasing blic excitement and their own unpopu- larity. j On the other hand, such a motion passing V e Senate will necessitate armaments and military precautions. The Americans may have no aggres- .sive intention beyond displacing the Hudson Bay Company's esiabli&hmcnts on the southern branches of the Columbia by military forts of their own, and at the same time organizirig their own jurisdiction over their own people. But it is impossible not to r foresee that it is in the power of any one malignant i or fractious individual to beget' cause of serious quarrels and grievance between the two govern- ments. Tiie state of nature, whatever it may be in civilized life, is, we fear, in a country of hunters and trappers, a slate of war. And it is to this that we lelapso by the simple abrogation of the con- , vcntion. I In the present position of the question and of the two governments, it is pretty evident that diploma- tic notes, be they ever so logical or cogent, will elFect little. Neither is it likely that a plenipoten- ■ tiary, tied down in his instructions, would bring matters to a satisfactory conclusion. And yet two rational men, leally anxious for an accommodation, could Tiot converse for two hours, we should think, ; without arriving at the means of adjustment. But ■t on this bead parliamentary papers or revelations will tell little. The great dillieulty is evidently the Columbia river; and we fear much that our diplo- matists neither know how to keep or how to aban- don it: thi'ir proposals being of a mixed kind, neither doing the one thing nor the other, and con- sequently satisfying no party ; conciliating no objection, and guaranteeing no interest. But on this subject it would be idle to expatiate without more diiia. It may seem strange, yet it is the truth to say, that the n(!ws of our Indian victories \ .ill but ag- gravate (Minlillieulties, and swell the tide of enmity towards us both in .\merica and in Europe. In Washington and in Paris the cry is, that the Eng- lish go on eoiKiuering and absorbing kingdoms ; whilst they |)rolest most menacingly against similar aggrandizements even in their own portions of the globe, by France or by Americans. Wo seem to have a good case this time, the Sikhs having at- tacked us. But is it better than those of the Americans against T(!xas, or the P'reiich against Algiers and Morocco ? The mere fact of armies of 70,000 and of 50,000 men meeting in deadly combat to end in the annexation of an empire — that empire, too, one of the great conquests of Alexander the Great — this is alone sufficient to stir French bile. M. Berryer, a potent orator of the French Cham- ber of Deputies, has accused us of laboring to " che' k the moral and inuterial development of thof^j great empires, the United States and Rus- sia. ' The material development which he re- grets to see prevented is, :io doubt, the extension of 'iussiaover the Balkan toX-'onstanlinople. The moral development must mean the extension of American slavery over Texas. One is surprised to find such aspirations breathed from the mouth of an eminent Frenchman in the nineteenth cen- tury, and that on behalf of a motion against an alliance with I'-ngland, wliieh motion was supported by upwards of 150 members of a French liberal opposition ! We would not, however, meet these outbursts of jealousy, whether on the part of French or of Americans, with corresponding hatred. We pay the natural penalty of gnatness by exciting jea- lousy, and should not imitate the pettyness which is confessed by entertaining and expressing ill feel- ings. This hatred is, after all, not so profound as it may seem. The exigencies of party, the want of any other theme or weapon wherewith to strike at an obnoxious minister, the necessity of sailing before the popular breeze without inquiring whence it blows, may account for m\ieh of the Anglophobia east and west of us. We still entertain hopes, as well as belief, that it will be foimd more unamiable than dangerous. — Eaamintr, 7th Feb. Spectator 14tl\ Feb. ARBITRATION OF THK OREGON QUESTION. The great obstacle to an amicable settlement of the Oregon controversy is not the importance which either Great Britain or the United States attaches to the possession of the territory. At least on this side of the Aihiniic, the greater num- ber do not know that it is ot' any value, and of the remainder many believe that it is not. It is less a desire to retain Oregon, than an apprehension of the consequences of giving it up to American dic- tation, that makes the Englisli as resolute as the Americans — not to relin(|uibh any territory to which they believe they have a just claim. Na- tional pride eaniiot bi ;ir iIk- idea of being bullied out of lawful propt^rty ; and regard for national security suggests, that to give up a rii;ht in order to pureluise peace and (piiet, would invite furfber encroachments. Admit, as in candor wc j bound to do, that the Aineiieans are as sincere as ourselves when they profess their conviction that Oregon of right is theirs ; the mutual dread of the world's sneer — the mutual alarm lest concession should encourage extortion — is the real impedi- ment to a pacific termination of the Oregon nego- tiations. It is this that makes recmirsc to arbitration so desirable. In the hands of a referee, the most jealous national s<-nse of honor may feel safe. Bo th(! arbiter's award what it may, obi.'diencc to it is a point of honor. There needs be no shame felt iind'r such circnmstances at playing the losing l(>^b03. /•W; 200 ■na NEW BOOKS AND REPRINTS. 'AiT i k Ti/i I 'nH'i I .TSm - ~^.'>fr^n^ game. Again, ob'dionco to an arbiter's award cannot encourarro third partios to advance new and unreasonable demanda. Judges are established to decide in the controversies of private individuals, because, where pn)i)erty is at stake, the vviil may remain stubborn after the judgment is convinced, and coercion is therefore necessary. Private citi- zens may safely and honorably acknowledge a sovereign, but independent states cannot. }3etween nation and nation there can be only arbiters, pro hac via:, appointed Iiy mutual consent. Hut, as in private society the aiitiiority of judges is the only guarantee against anarchy or despotism, so in the great society of nations the appointment of arbiters from time to ti:ue as disputes arise is the only guarantee against analogous evils. It is this conviction tiiat has introduced among civilized European slates the practice of referring their dispiitus to each other's arbitration. Tiie growing frequency of this practice is perhaps the greatest triumph of reason in our age. It is a long stride in the mareii of civilization. Of course, when citlicr of the nations parties to a dispute is rude, stubborn, and self-willed, it cannot be com- pelled to resort to urbitiition. If the government of the United States r(!fnse to adopt this method of terminating liie controversy, England, havjng proposed that method in good faith, can do no more. But even then, war is not inevitable. Without declaring war, England can proclaim that all her diplomatic intercourse with the United States has ceased ; that she will no longer be a party to the hollow mockery of going through the forms of friendly negnliation with a nation that sets at nought the comity of nations. This suggestion, along with a less practical alternative, has been thrown out by Mr. Snmpson,* in a pamphlet, which concisely stales the jjleas of the parties, and clearly sIiown the impossibility of settling the question on the m'.>re grnu:(d oi paper rights — " England should protest in the face of the world against the barbarism of America, and at the same time treat that country as one with whom no relations whatever could be held. Without interfering with the privnte intercourse of the individuals of both nations, she could refuse to receive an American minister at her court; and this pacific but determined step (the necessity for which towards a nation which threatens brute force when it is proposed to refer a matter in which it is an interested party to the decision of a properly-constituted court of arl)itraticin, would at once be recognized by the whole civilized world) would, by rendering persons unwilling to settle in a country which had thus been put out of the pale of intercourse with the leading nations of the earth, soon convey a lesson leading to a wiser course." possible that such attentions from the scientific W'irld will go far to increase the exertions of such i..en to make their own position more valuable to themselves and to others. It would check, in some cases, the dis|)osition to leave the place of foreman, and take that of proprietor, before means arc attained to sustain an establishment in the vicissi- tudes of business. Tiie compariscm of " non- commissioned officers" may be good. Frederick the Great, who cared very little for anything be- sides military matters, was wont to denominate the " non-commissioned oflicers" the " soul of the soldiery." Then the foreman is the soul of the workmen, imparting life, consequence and charac- ter ; and most meet is it that such a soul should be saved from the condition of disregard of his importance, wliich often makes him restless and roving. The movement of the French society is eminently worthy of imitation. — U. IS. Gazette. Encoiiuagement to Foremen. — In a Paris letter of the Boston Atlas, we find the following: — "A' a recent meeting of the Society for the Encoura">'.■.■•. ■ 'j'h y, A RINTS. 3y & Putnam What a de- oice Reading i>ily,or a lone noticed all of is the second Table Talk : idolf the Ice- the German This was the Maria Child York, Ac- id to the Am- Chjld, so ac- tive with de- we may be )rd of female r readers, but ;hold, parlor- that the one ;s should he, ?y have them. [er of forget- or indifferent dervahiing a unded on au- small degree reminder for ^''.: '■'Mi' *■ W.""'^'^ I • h . ■'-,. ^cf•f.■■ ■ . -: ; . i ■ ■» '■'■ i, ■^- ■■ ^ . ,,..,? .■ ,: '' . ■ '-. -f.- ... 'fe- it A,'' > :■> .^■■l ■•i>1 ;-4-i^--. ■i '. ' •'A. ,'' .. , .J V • ? ■ < 3 •.''='-'n. , -ti