IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 116 ^ us. u 1^ 1^ li 911125 III 1.4 I 1.6 V] / '/ Photographic Sciences Corpordtion 23 WEST MAIN STREET WrPrTBa,\.Y. 14580 mit) 872-4S03 iV •17 ;\ \ SV V-Z'^o'' ^Jf i; Tl ( ' SI |{\ KY I»A( M hM( ' i '( )AS^1\ (OAST IMLOT (If (ALIFOilMA. Olli:(l(l\. AM) WASIIIMiTO.V \^ K". A > - I ^ I A \ I I', s, ( • 1 \ -^ I \ N |i I, I < > i> I I ii > r i; \ i; V ■I. |' I I N 1 11.1 1 ^ F,l U HI I IK\. ) I 'n.-.. JSI.OO. \V \ sill Nt, TON: <;iiv i:i! N M I. \ I 1' I'. I \ I I Ni; III lie K. 1 s s:t -\ t oENcras ON THE PAcrrrc coast tor the sale or the charts, tidbtablbb. and COAST pilots or THE UNITED STATES COAST AND OEODETIC SURVEY CALIFORNIA. San Diego. |m.Im;1; a HIKIIKCK, rMrnrr I'ifll, ^u,\ I) Mrrpte. Los 4nge/«s. ~-si,)\.i. a i n \u:\t. t: s„„ii, s,.nnK Htr.vt Santa Barbara, -ii a c M. ihmi. j S S AUMILIM. -smart «lr.-.'t. San Francisco. ; < ii \ui.ks iv\rK, ii- H.itt.ry «T«.t. I nil.l.dN A CO , :iiHC„|,f„ri,i., gtn,^,t, OREGON Astoria. r.ini-KINA KHKL, ,„n».r n.ir.l :..h1(! > irv.. Htr«.tH. Port/and. .1 K (ill. I. a en , r:in,>.i sir.w. . ..rm-r ..f 0,ik. WASHINGTON Port Tomns6id. WA I i;i;man a KA iv. Seatt/e. ^ ( Ii I' Wilis A ( (>, Tirl Kr..nt mr-M. Tacoma.-y.. r VAnillAN A C... ,„rt,... IVilV uvon,.,. m.,! Kleveutb .tiwt. I t I Eiplanatory note m rcKanl lo the Charts, TiJc Tablr-., an.l Notacs to Manner;., publishcil by the U. S. Coast anJ OeuiJclic Survey. • IlAI.'l.-^. Ah « ill !><> wiMI tl.V Ik rrfi-n III !■ I" llir ( '.llalnnil. tlli'xr .111' iliilir:lr. il u\ f..ii| , l.inws: 1. Siiiliiij; « lmrl«. Mil il r.. ;ili' 111 ,, . win. Il 1 \liiliii I lii- .i|i|iiii.i. Ii. ^ In .1 l.nur iM.iit nl rii.iHl, ({ivr I lir iilVslmtn Hi.iiiiiliii^». .mil iinililr I li<< ii.i\ l^||llll In iil.Minrv \ii> |.um|i..m .1.. Iif ;i|i|iiiiarlii'ii Iririi llif ii|ii 11 -1 .1 •-• 1.1 111 III I'h.irK 111' ' III' ('ii:mi, nil '•■.ill sill , . uiiil , ' , , «liiili '.hiiu llii< iiuilinniali I' llii' nlmri', Ilir IM1M1I11M11..1 I-I.11..I-. 1.1. 1««. aiiiUlmal.. III.- Iiyhl !i..ii'..'ii, lif.- niiviiiu •.taliiiii'<. anil nlli.r iialiiial an. I aililli lal laiiiliii.irkM, anil ar.' lulriiil.-.l i'k|M. iall\ t'.ir iiklsIwim' lias i|;aliiiti. .1 » .lunl Cli.irlt. nil a H.il.' "f , . Ii\ im'»ii'« .il' « Ik. Il 111.' ii.n lyal.H !■. iiial.l..l I.I .ivail lipiii'.ilt 111 tin 1 li.iiiiiils f..| .iiliriiii; 111.' lai«i'r \':\y- iiii.l liaili.n^. an.l l.i in ..un .-.' tin' Ih.i. ..i,,, 1 » «. .m.l in;|,| 1ii.ii.„.m I.\ ili.-n .lisiinilni' traliiri'H aiiii iiimiliuiix I. t'liailx .if liartinrn. I.a>«, anil rivi'm, mi liir»;i' M.ali'«. 111. n.li.l 1.1 m. . 1 ili.- n. ..U ..r |... nl naMnati.iii An r.'.|llirril li> law, llu- (li.irlD aH' mild, .'IM ln'arl> l'. jUlrll. alilr. .it th.' . .i^I ..t lli. pipri an.l |il llltlll);. Tliry ari' I111N..I ii|iiiii aii'iirali' Iritfiiimiii.'lnriil mirvi'V., 11 .1 .'\. n .11. m is mail"' l.i ki. |i lli.ni . ..ir.'i ttil «i us tn liiiliiili' all '"''"■'nal I. r. ;m'.| II |. I.. III.' I 111 I, tli.'s arr i««m'.| I rum I Ins ..tli.i'. I'lrsons iihin;; llir ( harts . an a!«.iys ulilaiii llii< iiil'i.riiiali.iii i..|iMi.il I.. I iiiaUiiiH sul.s.'.|iiiiii ailihtiunal 1 urri'i li.iim riniii tlii' t'liitJ'.t aiiil (J.'.hIi'Iii' .Surn') .JdIhi'h to Mai III. rs. / inK I M'.i i;s. 111.' |ii.'ilii i.'.l iiin.-s ami li.i^liis .,1 lli.' ti.l.' al tli.' . Ini'f |i.iils ..f ili.' I nil.-.l . iln ..r till' J "HI, w illi .1 III I I iiiislimis, U\ iiii'aiisnr « linli Ih.' tim.'H.iiMl In' ic Ills al iiil.riiiiiliat. |..irl« m.u I..' as..'r;.iiii. .1 Uni' s. 1 ..f l.il.l.s i.ir llir |...ris ..| il,.. .Mlaiilir anil liiilf i'liu^ls, ami oiie set lur lliosr nl tlir Tai iin' Cniwl. ari' |iiililis|ii'il aiitiiiallN I'm i nl 1 a. Ii s. t. %' . . .iiIh Mil iiKs Id .\;.\I!Im:i;.-'. Niili.iH t.> MariniTM, hIiowiii); rtiain!<"s in liulil anil Inmjs, .hs. u\. rirs nt" rm-ks, Hlmals, an.l nllii'i ilanciTs 1.1 iiaMuali.iii. . Ii.iils (■..ti.iin I. m'« 1 harts, ami l)i. .•. " I S. I Hant ami (m.iiI.Ii. .isnrs. y, " WasliiinjliMi, !• ('." '• N.itii. k" «iII lint Im' s.iii III am ...lilt, ss |..| a l..ii;;ir |.rr!.iil than niii' .war. iinlisj. lli.' a|i|iluatiiin Inr Haiiii' w r.ii. »i'.| r |i| ir.iiii .- ..r . haiiu'i "I .I'l'lirsw's sh. Ill I.I h. >;in . n. I- \ I .Mm, I \:^, ('..liirs ' r tliK Ciiu.! ami liiiMlilii' Siirn'S "( '.ital.iyin' nf tli.irls .iii.l nth.r PiiMi. aliniis" ran al-.i lir nlit.iiii.il, Jrr, „t , /.,!,.;. .. II ,i|.|.|ii.itini. .11 Ih.' S.il.' A^.'ii. i.s ..I In a.lili.wiiiK lln' "A'Miislaiit in i liuriju of (Jllict;." i;. ."s ( .i\-.| AMI (iK.iliMll- M m I \ < Il KI. I ((.l./i./n/'nil, Il C. ]—f.> T f T I.NTIMMM CTKiN Tllf tiisl cihllnii ..| iIh- |)||iTti.r\ III lli.. I ',11 Hie (•.M>( III llir liiitnl Sl.itrs \v;is i|||(|citilkcli "lillf I li;nl riuiiiii.iii'l III Ilir I iiiIkI Si.iliH ( 'ii.i.il Sm M> Iti 1;; /i'. //. /'«/"«//( /oi/ (liniiiu- I ln' \ i-arH |.S.'»J VlS. Il u.is Wlllli II Ullllll> illlt>ll|c III iillin;il lii.ills mihI I'Hirl.ll ilill'r-., ;\i\,\ |i;llt iif jt \\;is tii-t |>iili||-lni| 111 iiiir iiT the il.iil\ I'limi.iN III S.iii I i,iiiii«i-ii. M\ lailii'i limits III! iliiN tiiii.si III ilii- ill In Mini. iin t ;.'iiim ,i|i|iii-,(l iiusitinns at iniiiiarv .sl.llnl.ilil >l:ll|iilis. Ill till- sfr. Hill, ir> >t,il lllll^ nl I lir < li ii-raii|iir,il K'l riilili,iis>,inrr nl' Iin- ( 'nasi riiilli IMrMiii 1. 1 r.iiii>li ('i.liiiiiliM. js.o 'M, .iiiil III ex, III! inn- >iir.s Im- li^lii ||iiiim'>, |i,ii| > wUaI (iiiiuli. Ill/I'll iiii-willi iIh- t;l Iliiin III niiiiN m In .|i-nlliii\ iinlrs. •lliri.Mini' I lill n . ,\u\s tli.il lliis kimu li'ijur s.iuillil lir imt III |iiii|>ri -liaiii' ami iiilialril with t|ii> inriiitiial i.in .iml i\|hi nm i' nl ullni^. Im llir liclicru 111' I ill- ia|ili|l> t;ili« III;,' riitillllrlrr iif IJii' 1 'arllir ih.inI . Wlii'ii I li.iii u 1 11! I'll lill' inaitii III' iJii' iii-i I iliiiiiii i.| I III. I iiiii i,,i \ , III ( •,,,,. si I'lliii. .iiiil i.lliii'il it III Sli|ifiliilt'liilflil ll,irlir, III- al lilsl lir>ll.ilri| .ilimil ini'iMii- il In imiim" lir li,iii klmu ii iiiiljnii:,' III it iilliri,ill\, Imt liiiallN arcrptnl It ii|iiiii iii\ assiiiniii;; I lie ic.s|Minsilii lit\ ii| I In- ariiliars ol llir Will k. It ii'ifiM'il siiili |ii.iiiii ,i| iiiiliii-iiiiiiit riDin till' tia\ iyatnrs "I tin' IVinlir Cnast tli,it a .sithiiiI ciliiiiiii \\,n I MJliil 111! Ill iM.;" Ii\ Sii|niini.'iuliiit r.arlir. ami a lliiiil I'lliiiuii in Isti'.tlin .Sii|iiiin ti-mli'lil I'l'llrc. In thr-i- I ihtiiMis. Mil II ill. I, Ills .iiiil III w iii.itriial as li.nl Imiii -atlini'il, ami sinli cxiiciiciicc as I h.nl ari|nin il, \m|i' nlilnl In I In- |i|r\ - iijil imi \ni || as III t jr i li.iii^i- li\ irw ntlll;; as |i| ,ii'l UMJilr. Ill Is.sit, .Sii|Miiiiii nili'iil r,ilti'isiin .iskfil nil' Im a rniiilli t'lliliuii. ,iiii| I iinilirtiink tin- woik in ailililiiiii tit in.\ ii'-nl.ii ilntits. IIhwi'mt, I simhi Ii.iukI tli,ii llir irsiilts nl \\iv s\s!i'inatir ami I'Mi'Mili'il Mii\i-\s nl iii\ ii'lliiu «i,ikii> nil l.iiiil ,iml at si'.i, iIji- , iiiniiiul.it I ,i iniill itmic nl' ili'l.ills wliiiv only ;,'t'm r,il rliaiarlciisUrs hail liilnii' 1 ii ,i\ aikililr, tin- ;;li'all\ iimii',isi'i1 iiliirnt till- ,iiiN III iia\iu;itinii, till' i!.'Mln|iimii. ,ii ||ii' iLila Inr ini'ilui m;; tin. ndrs m vwts lia.v ami li.ir- lini, till- niaii\ valn.ilili' l.nts linin liii'il.uls lili- i,| i h,. Ilinimi-li aiiil |.r;iitii'al n.iM-atnrs i r ■ nasi, ihi' iiiiiiii'iniis Mi'w, III lic.nllamls, | is, i'>laiii|s, nnk-, aiiil l.imll.ilU. tin" -|ii'ii.il cxaiii inaliniis III iin|Miiiaiil i|aii-ii> .iml .l.iii;;iinii-, liwalit n s, ami iii\ I'liiilni nlisn \ almns, i'\|m.mi'ih'i', ami Nluil.s tliinnuli lli.' inu'ni'niii- M'.h-, imilil nui l.i' -.iiii|.|\ mi, i |i,.|aii i| m iIh' I.i>i iijitinii. I had an iini'\|M'rlri| task lii'lm.' mi-; ih'Mi tht'li'ss, I Imm' iiii iiii\ itu i ii i.n i Ins imii i h I'llilmn. whii II has ;;ni\Mi In ihr n imii liim.s tin- si/,- nl' thi' tliinl. I havi' 1 iiili'aMiri'il in ;;im' .sniin- nil lalinii .ilmnl tin' si'asniis, lu-s, wimls, ami rnni'iits nf till- rnast lllinii;;|| tjir |)ii,|i, ,,| |||,. «,,|k, lull Imni' pai I li iiI.uIn Inl tlir \ II iiiil\ III ihi' (illll III' Ihr KaralliMii's. \'rrs iinn h r(>iiiaiii> In lir ijnm- in tins maiti'i. j W hi'ii till- xasi lal>>niilli nl tin- inti-i im uahi - nT W .islim-tnii is alnr u illi tr.illic. iiinili IiiIIit tir.sci i|iliniis will lii> iii'i-ih'il 1(11 tiiat ii'j;inii. I Till' vii'ws uhiih havi' Iiitii iiitiii(liii'i'il inin tins rilitlmi havr Ihtii ili.iwn rinin nii-mal ski'li'lii'-. .Mioiil il .l()/i'i» an. IVniii oii-jnals m.i.j,- ni Is.-.l Vi.t. In isc;. | |i,.;;,,,i iiiakiiij; vi.-ws • llic^ .iliiuiii wan ii'|ir.iilcil licKhly, Hillii.iii iiiii|.,T iri-ilit, m lln> "S.iihiit: I'n. . li..iis I,. W,,, i ,,:,„i ,.r Nmili Aiiiiii.a. tMl«i..ii l':iii.iiii.i mill (^ii'iii Cliarlnili' MamN, liy .I.nim I' Iiiiia,\. 1'. U (i s., ,.,,,i„l nhiinii I Im, : .lining liiiias A. S.iii, Miiiiilii'it uml Tiiwi'i llill. l"i,- • f X IMCHl'l II l"N. «if the iMMillaiiiN ami l.ithlt.ilU « lii-ii Ir ivrliii^: .iImm« tint coa^'t aii<) lliMt of Aliskt tii i iovcnmuiil .lliil [i.loMll-iT \t>-il-. .Mill li.lM' rnlilnincil llli- |i|,H Ilrr to ilali , lli.iklli); l IfW -JM'. l.ll lll|i- III wlilfli |iliiilii-l:i|'li>. "' h' .iNii t.tki'li. ill llii- !,l.-.I li'iii III li\r m.iis I li.iv c In-fli jimhInIi.! 1.\ Mi. rfnliii.iinl \V i'«til.ilil, who lias mikIi- nllitT view- wlnii liaxiliiii: iiul whet -inMial ll»i« .sic.iliii i >. Mr. Wfstil.ilil ainl I ililrltcl ii|ii>ii till' l.tllh lloti nl IIiinc s|,it< lifx. Init iiiiilc r till' iiirsMM'' . ! till' |i|>|MntIioii oi' III.' ("oa^l I'lliil .iml oi nii n nt iliincs ih. «.iil, imo^h'm.sciI llir vnIioIc .xia tioaiil, liotli lit'i if.>> Till' Work «lilrll 1 lull' lilcstlrl li.i.> lirrll ilolii' iitiiii'l' till' lii'ax \ |Hi'N,'. .iimI lin-it'loi'i' i! Ii,i'< lii'i'ii a lon^ liliic iii ImihI. I liavi' olriM'ii to im ni'iioiali- all iiii|M larj;r iiiui'Im I ol' iU'm'I i|tliii4r.i|ili> ami mMi;:r,iiiliv of iis i'iia-\ tin- lr« iia\ i;,mIi>i s nailing alipii;^ ii> mm liiiaiil, III' (III- ilariii),' iiltrt' liiiiiti'i , lam i liar \( ith i'mm > ri>\i', imk, a in I liiMillainl. Ill I III' III! low MIL' |ia;,'i-!« It i-< |irii|iiisc(| In ^tatr « hat i^ kmnvii all lir |iiiv-.i'iil litiii' nl' llir I'acillc riia-t III I III' I iiilfil Slalfi. tiiiiii lilt- siiiil lit'i'ii iMiiiiiijaiv liiM;:liiii 'I'ri ritmv . in laiiiiiiji' IM , rmluariii;: an n.'ian >iiiiir lim- of ii\ I'l tliii'i- I iMiisaiiil iiiif lin III 1 1 I'll ,1111 1 I \M'iit \ mill's. i|i\ iiji'il ai I'nlliiws : < 'alil'iir;!! i, iin Imliii:,' i lie islainls 111 Santa liarliaia < lianini, mn' llnni'^anil ami iiini'l.v scxi'ii iniii'.s; Oif^imi (wn liiimlii'il ami (■i;;lil\ In r iiiili"^ ; \N asliinuli'M I ri i iliii\ , iinhiijiii;; islamis in W a>liin;,'ti' - iiml ami >lni|i'.s 1)1 I'li^'i'l Soiinil, iim- llnniiainl .-m'M'ii liiimlri'il ami lliiti\ ri;:lit iiiilr>. Wlialt'MT has Mill riiini' iimliT (iin ow n ii iiniMn will liclakiii I'lum I In- |iiili|i>li,'(l ii'|iiirl.s ami !i!a|is III ihi- I'. S. ( 'nasi ami < icmli'lii' .Sni\ry. riic liaiiirs ailii|itfi| will lie lliiisf iiiiisl irlialili", nl iii il>i' at llii' iili'scn' .iiu-. NViicIr .lll> kl|n« n rliani,'i> lia\i' lakill |ilaii- tllr\ will In* .-.t itrij. Till' |nlit;llllilr IS Ifiknli' ! .* ■ si 1 1 nlil ( i Ici'li Wli ll, ainl !•' Iiasi il il|inn as| rnlinliiii al nliscn aliiMIs ami lili'^iaiiliii' litlt rminalinns. 'riic I'. S ( ni>t .iinl tiiniliin- Sihm'v aslinaniniral -lulinnal I.ala.M lit' I'aik, Sa. I''raii('isi'(i, is M' ((<•" r_'.."i' wi'st Irnm < iniiiw n li. Wliiif an> ^i'n;;ra|iliii'al imsitinn is jjncn In Ihc maii'sl ininnli' niilv. it lias Ihtii lalnii Iniin llic lali'si I'liart nf ihc t'nasl anil (irnilt'lir Siiivcv. ■/I'/'N liai-li vi'ar Ilic Siiivi'N |iiililisln"s a small |iaiiiii|ili'l wliicli nivt> llir liims ani|liii;,'lits of t-MTV liiyli anil liiw waliT Inr llu- |imii'i|ial |inits nn tin' I'acilii- cnasl, w iih cnii-i.inis in- iji- t«MiimiiiiK similar i|iiaiililii'H (nr iiitrr ilialt- imrls. lint in llu- aliscncf nl' Ihis |Mili|iralinn, tallies ami r\aiiiiili-s ari> intrniliiri'il in slmw I In- maniii'i nl |iii'ilii lin;,' tin' liim s ami Iii'i;:lii5 nf iii;,'li ami low waltisal San h'tamisin ami nllirr liailmis. iSiiuniliihiH ni\- ;,'iMn Ini till' inran nl llir Inwci Inw w.ili'is. Till' Inursi ii(i(> in.iv tall mil' ami a i|uarlt'i Irrt lii'Inw lliis |ilam'. /'(,>/n.\ of h'lhl hnusi^. I'liii m" pllliiisiit'il iinlni's nl III.' l.ix'lil ilniisr Knaiii, ami Imni |irisnnal i \aiiiiiiatinii. •' iil.irinilv with snimn ItiTs ,ii ihr in-MM'il Stalnli'snl llir rnil.-.i Siatis, tin' rnllnwin;,' nnli'i Is nlisiMM'il 111 inlnnii;; ami iiiiinliii III;; liir liun\s aloii;,' tin- cnasl, or in i>a\s, liariinrs, snnmi.^, or clialimls, \ u : I. In apiiroacliiii;.' liic clianiicl, cN'.. IVnin scawani, KKI> lit ovs, with i;\r.N M'Miir.Us. will tie foiiml on till' siAUliiiMni snlc nf llic chai I, ami innst lie Idt nn Ihc .s i AKimAUK liaml in pass III;: lit. 'J. In a|i|irnai'hinL: Ihc clianiicI, clc, rmm scaw.iril. lil.M'K m nvs. willi iiiii> NlMltl'.lis, \'.,ll lie rniiml on tin- I'liui snlc nl Ihc channel, ami imisi lie Idl nn the !'■ n; i hainl in passiii;; in. .; Itln\,-: paillleil Wllh KKDailil 1II.\(K III iKI/.li.M AI. S 1 l!l l'i;s w ill lie rmiml nil i UIs I UrC- iiuNS, With channel wa\s nn ciiher snlc nl ihcni. ami may lie lell mi ciihcr liainl in iiassiii;; in. ■J. I!i ov.s paiiitcti with wiiiii; ami iii.AiK I'Kui'KMiK'i i.AU STKil'i:.-- \vill lie roiiml in Min- OUAWNEL, ami must lie pa-sseil eln.ve In In avniil ilailjjer. u I! 10 rRKrAOK. All otluT .listiiifinishiiii: marks to biunswill Uo in aililition to tlio fori>;:oiiij:, aiitl iiiuv lu> eniplovtvl to mark pa-ticiilar sjiols. n i1fM-rii)tiim o/ irhich inll h<- iiinn in tli' yrintcd list of hHoi/ii. rcrclu's, witli balls, caircs. I'tc, will, wlicii placcil on lniovs. In' it tiirnm;: points, tln« color and niiinhcr imlK'atini; on what sido tlii'V shall h. i)ass("(l. Diffori'iit chaniii'ls m the saiiii' liav. soiuid. river, or harbor. nmII Im' Miarkctl. aw far as priwti- rahic, liy diflVrtnt (Icscnplions ol buoys. l'rini'i|>al cha inU will l>i> m.irkrd by luinbnoys; si'condarv ihanni'ls. 1>.\ can tmoys : and nnnor ilianncls. by spar biio.\ -. Whiii there is but oin' chaiitiel, nmibiioys. ]iroiier!> culured and lumibered. are nsii,il!> plaei-d nn ilie -^l.tr lio;iril side, and caiibiioys on the port side of it. Day 1h';u(iii>, stakes. an>l spindles (exeepi such as are on the sides ol' ehanneN, «lueh will bo eoloivd like buoys) are eonstructed and distincuished with -iieeial ret.'ieiiie tealii\ . and i>artieiilarly in re:;aril to the baekjrround iipIe a iiiiNdeineaii'ir, piinisli:ible by line er iinprisoiiiiieiit, to iiiiMii :'. ve-isel, Ixial. or r.ifl to any liiiov. Ipe.ic.in. i>te., or to daiiia;;t', re- move, oi destroy any aid tn ll.l\ l:,Mtl011. (ll.cKi.l l>A\niS(iN. r. S, (iiiist mill (icii({(tic Siirrt)/. San I'liANCistd. (Ai... !>>;>. t I K IMJ A T A . Siilistitiito oil pafTf ^' tlio fiillowiii;;, (IniM'tl iioiii llif huo^t data availaMo : 7'ii/f N. AiKihiiiii IiukIiiiii. — Till' liiiirs aiiil lii'i;:lits dl" till' tiili's lor Sail l>ii';,'i). laUcii rioin the Tiili' 'J'aMi^ tor thr I'aiilK- ( 'oast. |iiiMi'-lii .1 c ii h \ i-.ii li\ tlio ( 'oa^t ami ( i Ictic Survey, answer exactly lor Alialieiiii l.aiiilm:,' if tlie San llie;:o lM'i:,;lits ol liii,'li and low water he all iliiiiiiiislied \t\ tlil'ec telltlis ol a foot. Siilist iliile on |'a;:e !■» llie lollowiii-, d'lued iVoiii I lie lati'st data asadalile: Tiiitsiit .Sinil.i l/ii//i(,r,_| he ( 'orieeted Ivstaldisliineiit. or mean interval lietweeii the time of tlie moon's transit and the time ol I114I1 w aler, i> I \' .17' . The mean ri-^e and I'alh ol' the titles is lour and 1 lilee liiil li> li'et ; ol --111 in;: Ildi- (|\ e and >e\eii tenths I'eet ; and ot nea|>! ides t w o aiul nine lentil^ (eel. The mean dm at ion ol the ilooij js li' ■jn . and of llie elili li' (i.i . and ol' the .stand ti'.l!' , riie a\ I'laue dilVerenee of the h iulier liii;li and lower low waleis of the same ie;:o inilili^hed eaeli \4'al li\ lln' Coast and ( leodelie Snr\ e\ . for times of !iiL;h water, sii'iti.iei veveii minutes; I'm low u .iter, siijii i.iet tuoiiiinntes. I'oi hi'i^hi ol hiL;li w Iter, add four tenths ol a fnoi ; for liei;;ht of low w alei , take I he San 1 >iej;o hei^;lil nil- ehailL'eil. Sn list 1 1 lite on pa^e ."i_' i In- till low mil:, deiiv ed from I lie latest 1 1,1 I.I ,i\ ailalile : Tiilt\.~.\\ I'oint lliiemnie the a\eia'_'e lime of liii:li w.iter .ifler the moon's meridian passa;;e i.s '.•'.■)•_''; the avi'ia^'e 1 i.-e lit the tides alio\e the me. in of the lower low waters of eaeh da\ is tiiree ,iiid se\ en teiil lis I'eet ; Ihe ;:reatest lilli;;e oliserved ill one day, fr(assa;;e IS l\'' .')7 , and the rj^e of tides al>o\e the aveia;;i' lower low water ol e.iel, day is three and .si\ tenths lii-t. To nnd the times and liei;,dits of the lii;:li ,iiid low w aleis ol Caeh da.\ , llr-.t olilain lioin the l,ildes of piedieiion I hi' times and hei;;hls for .San IMe^o,aiid then siiliiiael se\ en minutes tor tin' tiiiM' of hii;h water and four tenths of a foot Cor its hei;;lil ; for low water, suhtiaet four lliinnles ,ilid one ti'Il! h ot' ,1 toot . Sill i.sl it lite on p,li,'e 1 1 1 the tollow 111;,', del l\ 1 d Irom the latest dat.i a \ ailatile ; 'IkIis lit (iiivintn l.iindnuj. — I'lii' Corieeied l!st,ilili-.|iment, or a\er.i;^e time ol' IiiltIi waterafter the moon's meridian passai^i', is |\' .■11". and the a\ ei,i^e rise of the tide alio\e the mean lower loiv waters ol eiieli ilay is thiei' ,iiid si\ tenths l:'et. To find the tunes and In i;;lits of eaeli hiuh and low water throiiylioiil the vear, lake the tiiiie.s and heijilits lor the j;i\eii tides for San Hieiro from the annual tide tables of the Coast Survey, and for the lime ot Iii);li w ater siih'taet t< n mi nil I is, and I'm the liel;,dit .siilitraet three tenths of a fool ; (or tow water siihtraet tlirei' nimnies, Unt i..lve the .s.m ihe^o liei;4lit iineliaii!,'ed. Siilislilnle 01; p i-e 7ii the follow ill y, derived lldlii the I. it est dat.i availalde : Tiiltx. — Corral Ilarhoi: T!ie aver, i;;e time ol liii;li water after the moon's melidi. ill passa;:e is I N'' 'JO", and the av ei,i;:e 1 isc nl t hi t iile aliov e the llie III ol I he low el low w .Iters of e.ieli ila.v |s three lllld se\eli tenths leet. To ol-l.iin Ihe limes ami hei;;hls ol the lil:;li ,llid low waters, |iis| |,ike from the Tide Tahle-i for ihe I'aeitie Co, is| the times and hei^jhts for S,iii l>ie;,'o; and llieii to j;et the time of hi;;h w .III 1 here, .viilitr, let tweiiiv four minutes, aiul to (,'et Ihe time of low watei siih- traet lifleeii niuii: '.s, I'o lind the hi ij,'lit of lii;;h water siihtiaef MX leiilhs of a foot, and for low wiiU'r.siil)tr.i(t lour tenths of a loot. I !^ ,, ri;i,\i\. Siilv-.tilntt' I'll ii;i;:i' >> tln' loIloNMn;:. ili'iivcil fioin tlic l^itc^t it.ila .i\ .nlaMf : Ti'lis.il /'//.v-HMv //.m7,..». -Tlir ('..IT. ric.l INi.il.li.sliiin'iit. Ml iiiraii mtnval botw.TU tli.' Inn.' of tlirin.'..n-sti,iiiMt .mil 111-' mn lii-li vn.H.i. in IN L".' ; llu' iimmh iivrai..l (all ..I lli.> lairs is tint*' ami .seven liiillis l'f.'i,i«ls|iiiiii: II. li's l.iiii an. I inn.' I.iitli- l.'ei, .iii.l ..I' iie,i|. Ii.!.- t \m. ,iii.l live tenths leet; I lie .in er.i-.' .luiMt mn of iIh^ iim' is (I L". , ..f ill.' (all "i I'-' ; I lie sliii.l is al...lll •JO'"; the aveia:,'!' .lllleren.-i ill the hil-h:- .'I ill.' ni.'llllllU illit alt. ■nil... II Ii.I.n of ihe siiiiie ila\ is 'line anil t\M>Ienlhs lee! tm the lii^li w ah i -. in.l .me aii.l .'lulil tenths 1. el l..i iheh.u u.il.i-; lli.' aver.iu." illlVer.lH I ih.' hl-liest lii^:h an.l l..\v,-st !,.« w.U.Ts ..I the -aine .l.i\ 1> ll\e .in.l tw.i tenths leel, ami th.' ul.aie-l .lilViTiMi.'.' is >e\.Mi ('..•t. To obtain tin- ii s .m.l liei-iit> ..f .^.h hi-h an.l l.>\v wai.i. iiivi t.ik.' In. in th.' Ti.l.' TaMes for till' r.ieilii' <"i>ast till' liin.-» ami li.l-hls lot .^.iii I>ie-o. .m.l lliili to oht.iili tin- lliiie of hi-li water siit.ti.iet lilieeii ininiiie-. ami I.. ..lii.iiii the ti •! !.>« w.ii.r snlm.r.i tluit.. n iniimtes ; to olitaiii th. Iiei^hl ..I hiuh ''^aLa- Mihtiael Imiii t.^nili- .'I a |..ot. .iml I.. ..l.i.iin tin- li.iuhl ..f low water snl'iraet i"" ;.-nIli^. Siihsiiiiite on \u\iH' 'Xl 111.- lollowiii;:, ill Tiveil fi..iii til.' I.itest il.ita availalilc : Till ■/(■/'> lit I'-.liil- l:.iii. — J\\r ( i.lleeteii I Nl .iMlsJi ment . ..1 tmall : II leIN al l.etwe.n til.' Inn.' of the ino.inV Iiaii-it ami llie nine i.f liiuh water. I- 1 \ -'i . Tin' in.' in rise ami l.ill ..I I h.' Il.les is three anil sevilit.'lith-. feet ; of the s|iiiiiu tj.l.s. lour ,llii| elfiht tenths te.l : of llo' liiM|> li.l.'v. two ami >i\ l.nlhs. The av.i.ii;.' iliiralioii of the ris.' is li' :.'■_• : ..I the tall. <■ i'.! . ami ..I ili.' stand ah,. lit .10 . Tlie MM'i.ii:.' .lilV. i.-me nl th.' h;;;heNt lil;^h an.l h.w.'.-t h'W w.ileisut the .-.line .la\ is live an.l ihree li'iilhs le.!. ami the ure.il.-i .liihreii.'.' -e\.n ami .i h ilf te. I. i'iie limes ot liii;h amlle" v». iters ^ii.' 1. n iiiinul.'s e.iili. i th.iii the i.tM.- ;.'i\ en t'.ir S.in ltie;;o ami lii.' Ii.!:;ht- iie.iil\ lin- sain.'. Sill '-mute on I'.i;..' 1- ' I he fullnu ill;.'. ileriMil ti.'ni ;he I. It. "-I .lata .(vailalile : y,,;, ,. — ."^.in .■^iiiieiin l;.i\ : Ih.- Curiieie.l Isiaolishiiii'iii. "1 ni.'.oi iiitii \ .il liet ween tin- »iiin' of th.- im".i!'-- iMii-!! .iml tune .'( lil;;h w.ilei. i- \ .t.s . I h.- im-.iii ii-i- .in.l (.ill of the tiiles Ih ti'ur l.-i'i ; .'I -pi ill;: lull'-. Iim an.l nm-i.-iilh 1. . t : ami nf nea]' IhI.s two ami nine t.'iillis. The ini'an .liil.it "I tin- l: I i- <• ol -. ul ihr eM.. o Jl . The ri-e .■( th.' hi;;Iie-f Inl.' oI.si-ia .'il (111 . I line a 1 1.1 .liil\ . 1 ss| u ,!> -i-\ en 1. .'I ,i''o\ .' the pl.in.- "f red i.'m'e, .til. I ill.' I.iw .'sl w a> t wo anil tw II lent lis helnw , ihiis j:i\ in^' .Ul e\l reim- I ui;;.' nf in lie ,iml two tint lis (Vet. The Tnle Tahli'.s ('or the r.l.itie < I. a St. pllhlishi'il l.^r the ( 'n.l-l an.l ( li'inlel le Siirv.-y. ;,'l\e I lie Ililes f.M .'sail Simeon fi>r e\ .'! V .l.iv III ill.- \ e.ir. I'.i;:.' 1 II. lim-- li to '. fi.'m luitioiii, thU's m the h.ii Imr ..I' Munleiev . .•>iil'>tiiiii.' th.' lullow in;;, .li'l'l\.-.l III. Ill till- 1.1I.--I il.it.i a\ailal'le: li'l'\. — 111.' ( III li rl.-.l i.-!.ili';-lillii-lit. .'I llU'all interval l.etweeli tlletillieof liij;!i W at.'V. is \'' •l.'V". The 111. 'an lis.- .uhI fill ..t lah s i- li.iii i. i i ; ..f -|.iiny[ inles, lix.- .mil .nie t.-ntli f.-.'t ; an.l ..f iieaji lull's, tw.) ami nini'ti-nlh- f.-.-l. I h.- m. .in <1iii.iI,.mi ot ll...i.l is tl I'.t ; ..| the dih, ti Of." ; ami ol the stiml. o .'..'i . I'a-e i li. lines '.» t.i II, tiiles in the lirrh.ir of .M..nteri'.\. sillisHtnte the loll.iwill;; : The tunes , mil liei;:hls iif hi^li ali'l l.>« uit.i it Nlnnti-iev f.ii eM-n ilav in the _\ i-.ll ni.l.\ lie ohtaim-.l Iroiii ih.- I'.i.isi .mil IhimIi in- .•>iii\e\ Ti.h- T.ilil.--. 1..1 ih. r.i.-ili.- Coast. Sill 'St !t 111 I- on |..i-.- 1 |s, l;m-s I'l t,, ■_'_■, li,!,-. Ill S.ml.i ( 'ni.' 1 1, 11 1. ..r. the foll.iw iii^'. Ii.ini the lat. st il.it.i availal'h' : Ti'ti ». — The r 1 11 let 1 1.1 r.-!.ilili»iiiiii-ni. I'l nn-im inlii \ al l.e! we. n tin- tiiiit- ul the niooii"> ti.msit ami the Iiim- .11 hi-h w.itei. IS \ .".1 . I j,,. 11,1 ,m i!>. .m.l I. ill .a th.- Ii.l.s is foiii .imlthi..- t.-liths le.I ; .i| -plili;.' lull's, livi- ;iml linii l.nlhs ; .imlut lii-.ip llile>, t hie.- an.j t w .. li-m hs. The mean illll.llion 111 ih.- lln.ul 1- 1. ■_•: . n! lln- el.l., ,". .".>, ; .mil .if the .stillul, 0" .id" . I'.t-e 1 Is. 111,.. ,;i. 1' .;s shniilil ii'.el 1 1.;-", Vi\'j.r 11-. i I lie .;.'». 'J' o.", -hiiiihl i.-el 1 o.'.-". I'.iUi- •-'•J7. Inn- 1. liih-s at S.im-.-lii... -nl'-iiliile the |..lliiw m-. .l.-uve.l li.im th. I.itesi il.it.i: Tw.'iit\ twi) iiiiniitis . ailii-i, -liuiiM n-.nl .-i\ minnies l.ii.i. MKXK (). COAST OF LOWKU CALIl'CUNIA. l»ic-o CnUTKS SIIOAI.. Off fho wosforn coast of Lower ("alitomi.t. and sonu-wliat parallfl tli.T.-«itli. tli.Tc appears to be a rai;K'' ot siil.inariiir iiioiiiitaiiis wlios.- siimiiiits. rising ;,t mv-iilar intervals aoovr tlif watfr, lorin i.vlaii.ls. an. I. .i.Mrin}: the siinacc at oth.-r points, form .lan^'croiis ami .xtcnsixf lianks. One ot" tlifsc rcport.'.l .lan;;('rN is a liank laul down witli ;,'rcat >imilarit.v l.i the Cortes Hank,* and I'V.'n d.'si>,Miated tl I'.anco ("ortes" on tlir rr.'u.li chart No. I!t!»7. The slioal.st part oftliis reported hank has ten laihotns upon it in three sp(.|s, situated lu'tweeii the hititmles .!! :w and .•51 i;5, an.i h.n^'itii.les IIS Jl and IIS^ :,l". hviiif,' nearly southeast In soiilli a .|iiarter south (SK. l.y S. \ S.). tiftv miles from the Itishop liock on Cortes Hank. It is iaid down on (he Spanish chart of I si;.!. The chart of the Calilornia Coast, pul.lished in \1'M) l.y Dalrymiile, ha.s a si^cn to indicate tlio Cortes Shoal reasonably close to its proper position. The posiiion a.ssi^^'ned to this shoal is in the direct route of the steamships running; U'tweeii San iMancisco and Mcxhmu ports and I'anama. .Moreov, r. the area is very .■Meusive, l.eiii;; three tl'oii.saii.l .s8 are only forty fathoms. It was not Ibiiiid on an.\ .\dmiralty chart, aii.l in the ISc; cliti.in ..f the I'r.nch chart it is not shown. Ill Is(i7, thi..u-h Ih.' f,'"".! oili.Ts of tli.' I'acilic Mail St.'am ship Comp.iny. w.- w.tc .nabletl to run a line of s..iindiii-> thirty miles iii leii-th across the ;,'ivcii loie;;.i we lin.l one tluMisaiid .md iili> thr.v lath. mis. ;;,v.ii mml. iw.iilv .■i^ht miles .south thirty six 11 , fr..m Ih.' Kli..,d, and nine humlre.l ,in.l ei;,'hty fithoms at sixt.'.ii mih's northwest by w.'st (NNV. by W.i from 111.' sam.' point. .\ d.'pth.if thoiisaii.l inn.' Iiun.lrc.l .in.l litt.'.'ii f itlemis. over .s .'How biowii mml, is reai'lied at thirty two mil. s west from th.' sli,.al: an.l this m.i> b.- .'.uisi.l.'i.'.l th.' eastern .'.I-.' of Hie I'acilic sub. (cean plat. 'an, for \\r liav.- two tlioii.saii.l Iiiin.lre.l ami seventy .sex.'n lath. mis, brown nni.l, an.l tw.» Ihoiisand on.- humli.-d .in.l .seventy t.i;,'|it tathonis, bniwii mu.l, sixty live miles an.l one hiin.lre.l ami liv.- niil.'s, rcs|..'ctiv.'ly, t.> the s.rtith an.l w.'st ..f tin- siiiu.os.'.l ■^hoal. All the indic.iti.uis i.oint to very f,'rtMt irrcKul.uities in depth, and it may not be imj.o.ssible that Home shoal spot sli.tuld e.xist. lor f April. 1^7'!. ('.ipl.tiii Mrl/-ar. of tlir I'.iritic M;iil >ti':iiii slii|i i\i\if„yuut, iiiiulc, ill our r.'.|ii('st. ail t'\:iiiiiii;ilioii ..f lliis l.;iiiK. Al I o'.l... U m. tn.. in iMlitii.li- ;U I.!', l.ni-ilmli- US' 51'. Ill- sdiiiidccl \\\\\\ I t.\ t'alliotiis ..I line and IoiiihI no lioltuin; al '_• inMofU a. in., in lati tuiU'.'U .{S. lon^MliKlc lis C. 111. TO was no liolloin willi iiiiirl\ lallioni- of linr; and at 1(» nun utospaNt .ioVloiK a. in., in laiilnd.' .'.1 1.5 . lon;;itii.lr lis ' ;iS'. Hiciv «as no i..,|!oni with ninrl.v fallioiiisof line. I'lirs.' positions arc nearly coii.'.t, ami elinkcd In previous and Mihscqiieiit observations tor tiie .ship'.- position. i.\i;ia; mhim \in. Witliin MeMiMii terntiHA anil ten niile> t'loni the M.ilioaid is th.' iiot.ilile lainltall of Table MiMintain. I>lli- soiilii lili\ loin di';:n-es east .S. .".J V..<. tweiil,\ si\ miles lioin the li;;lit lioiis,. ;it Point l.oiua. lis ^;eo:,'rapliie.il position IS l.iiiinde .;•.' J'l n.". . loi -itmii' llo :<\ 17 . The sniii mil o| ilie iiioiiiiiain is ital and the sj.les are imlined .ii .in aii/h' ol loits n\ .■ de-iees w it h the liori/iill. Til" bleadlll ol' Its top IS siMeeli hundred \ ,ui|s and i;s eie\ llioll two tiiolls.iml two hiin died .llld follV lolll leet .ibove ihe se.l. A e.mir.ll Ilioiinl.iin appeals a little west and si.nthw.lld ill' r.lble Mountain, but not .pliie s,. hi^ii ; its sides aie aNo inelined lolt\ lix<' ile;.Tee^ uilji the iMiii/on. Still fiirtliei to tin' wivsi ;iml soiiihwaiil appeals .in ii ie;,'iil.iil.\ |a;;i:ed top mount. iiii, about two thuds the bie.idih ot Table Mo'iiiiaiii .ind l.»o thoiisiinl Ine huudred and tsiM.S one feet in t'hvalioii. The l.illei iiioiini.iiii h is Ikch nanieil ."slMip I'eak. These iiioiiiitaiiis .lie |iioiiiiiieiii and noteworth\ l.tiidiii ii Ks, Ix-e.iiise nothiii;; liki' llieni exists on theeoa-I. and the'. shiHild be \ isilijr iVoin tilt> to lil't\ li\e Hides lioin sc.iw.ml iii :,'ood we.ilher. Tlie\ wi-ie li'iiiaiUi'd li\ \ ,ilieiiil\ I'l. win j:l\fs ,i \u\\ ol lliciii ill hl»\oluiiie ol eharl^. We obtained the aeeoiii|Mli\ in;: \lew ol then lll |S7.>. when lie,l\ y iiilliullls ilollds eo\ el ed llieeo.lst raiise. Table Mountain IS •• l.a Mes.i de l.i Ciim" o! \i/e.inio. P.iij. It is Known to ihf .Sp.mish inhabitanis ot' ( 'aliloiin.i .is l.a ^Ie■.,l liedoiid.i. mi .lei-oiint ol ;l^ .il si eireiil.ii aiea on top, w hndi isi'oveied with shaip. aii^iul.ir t'r.ii,'iuents ol' .i reddish roek, whose other ih.iraeteristies are not ;:iveii. Si\te«'u miles in frntn the roast line is the ^'reat ehain of the eoist moiiniaiiis. which reaeh three thoiis.ilid two hlindled .llid llUietv feet elevation at Dollbh- "i ,il. III M.Aleo, .llld three tlioil sand three hundred .iiid eiuhtv -i\ leei .it a pe.ik three miles north ol the 1 '.iiidary Inn'. In ele.u weather these iiioiiiit.tiii^ should !'<■ seen l.ii ihei seaw.iid than T.ible Moiint.iin and Sii.ti p I'e.ik. All the eo.i^t I. llld noitii of I'.ible Mountain Is .■..mp.ira!ivel\ low. .mhI w In n a \l•^.„■l is up with till' Colon, ido^ the noilhelii [Miim o! this t.ible I. iml lie.irs iiorlh bs e.i-l lliiee ipi.ii let s ea.si (N, by K. ,' i:.,. |iK.sr.\>-.S(. pdlNr A.Mi "llAli \N [■'IM. A \essel I'omiliU np Ihe MeXhMii eoist oil .1 ;:elier,ll eolll^e northwest h.ill' liolth to lioitlp st three (|iiart!is iioiili N'W, i N. loNW. ,' N. mny p,is> .ill the piomiinnt hi .ull.inds .it .i dlst.^nee of liw to ten iiiih's, Tlie ( oioiiados Isl. mils .lie iii.ide out at IwelitN live miles, w hen a \ esxd is ll.lll way bel Ween Point l!.lliil,l ( Todos .S.intos l!a>;aiid the islets. The dee|i bl;.'lit lllidel T.ible .Mountain ,uid Sh.iip Peak, wheie the eoasi tiiedrs I'm- n,ilis t.i ihi- i.i^iw.iul, is ii.tinrd I'l \.iiii.\<< lliljl. At Ihe western limit of this bi;;lit Is I (eseaiiso I'miit, wlilili Is i h.iraeteri/ed oil theehalt b\ a sli.:lit hill on ilie io|iiil tlie hliiiV iie.ii its evtreinit v. It is m l.itilnde ;>_' Mi', lon;^ii inle 117 (IP. I'liim l»ese.ili>o Poiiil till' eo.isl.liiic in I ||,. i.il;_'r of ,i Icili;.' stleteh of llies.l I lllllilli;,' uis li.|- liiillh as the iMiiiiid.iiy hue between \le\li.i .iiid the I li:Ied ."sMtes. j'.iil |ii| the lilst thirteen miles tins shoreline IS lie. Illy sir. lii^hl on a northwest three ipiarteis noithiNW. ,' N.iioinvc to Me\ie.iii Point, abreast the ( 'oion.idos Is|, mils, w heie the shoic ehaiij,'cs Hs t icml to noith b\ Wes! three iinarliis wi'sl iN, by \V. ; W. i,,; four .md a ImIi nnle.s Io the bound. ir> . and eontinue.s to nine miles abreast the soUIIh'IIi |i,iiI ol' S.m l»ie;;o Pas. The lulls imme!iatel\ belnml tlm n.irrow nies.i rise to loin hiindreil and live hiiiiilicd feel. anil iliereiiM- ml.md. Mr\li m point ~hoWs dut \el\ well to ,il| \r..sels eiiliilli;,' llolii the Mllltlicast- ward ; and when it bears noith b\ w.-t h.df west (N, liy \\ , .\ \\. ,dlst.int eij;liteen totweiitv miles, it is lairly well abo\e tin 1, on/on. At the same time a rem.irkable fe.itiire is seen on the very I'd^'e of Ihe lii;,di mesa, where a iiiodei.itely lou, Proad. and welldelilied erater is seen oil the ocean hIojm;. 1(1 1 hini'H. ( v imI Moiiiituin. arji Peak, ::x Mcxiian V ^*ti^; *^i^:.i Vr^.5ri?»- V SiitfitrloAf RiM'k. ■»»!». tffi-~'-<-.-^-i--'-- , / 3f-^ / / Z^l^Sfr ^, Jg' i ^J.MBU jgMB' Doiililr l'.-»k :l.<>*i IW'I r»lilr MiMUllllin. Mrxud. N. I.y K. i K . lit iniliw, •,',-' II fi-.t lii n. 4Sr^ii^«! LCtf?-"' -r ::3^ Mi«u uii rfiiil, > iiiile'. si.iilh cif il.iiiri.hir> iin.i.u lit. \ I.) W J \\'., It.i mmIi->. — -- , 1 . 1 J |Jlt "..-,Xi"i U fj-H:-i- I J-^i»- SaMt |iiiiii!«. / ^-^^-^ i.^^g>^ *.- ,V- ^^ '•n V^ > •i , ^ Vi \ M '\/ . > \f / j' V B,;^™*. ,^:^^--_;-;_;.- ^,,^^g«.jg^^;j^eq^fe ^iy-J.'' ''V ll i r ''4t!jT^ " '"^^^ MkIIIiIiIIM. Mi'XII'o. I.jt K. « K , lit in iliw, •,',-' II fi-.l lii«li. Rnl M'Tiitaiii. 8hiir|. I'c.ik, s-xar" -•r .>^ "^ ^v%.r'^- ^' Crater. N.'rih, lit Miiltw. n 12 Oil at our lis 51 tiitli' n iitcs pa i'litliDin W Miiiiir I'olllt lint III limi/.i • Ir.d (.1 T:' liiui/. a I toll ill el' H (III ti Tlie; obte nuif inh: isc glv tbi sai wc wi L tl o I' f I'ium>i;'>. \ I.) W ,-«*>^<-..- ■—. ,lnii(l, N l.y W J W .'.Nij TiiilHH. It ■■k i I'Minr <(iA>i rii.'ir. IS Till' wiMlluT w:h il.iik ;iimI iIoihI- w.i.' li.iii;;iM- ..\ri Hi.' Iiinl «lnri «.• |p.i.v,r.| llus ol.j.it, so tllltl 11.1 lilliurs IMM •ll>t,llll l>lt« l,yls in tlir m>ttli\v*'.sl. A ......I uissa^fwav. s«\fii mill's in « i.lili. i-mnIs liriw.M'ii tliis |>«niit aii'l Hit- <'<>ii.iiailtirt IslainU. «illi all a\tra<;c .lf|.lli i>( lillf. ii latl is. Nrssils tiuin the s..iilli. l-mml t.. S mi Di. -o, iiiiiy nalilv ti» iiisiili- thr i.l.imis :ii Ill-Ill iijioii III.' li.Miiiii: uf ruiiil l,..Mia l.i-hl .Ui'vnIi' i.' yiu'ii. M. MiMii I'.. ml li.is am.' ii|>.>ii .iii\ .>l lli.' .mnIiii;.' .Ii.iilv. .iml «.• Ii,i\.' yi^.'ii il llii> ii.iiiH- lui III. I. Ill' il.\. It.s a|i|.it>\iiiiaU«n>;;riiiilii ..I' lii;;li. I'oM. ami ;il.iii|.i i.m1,> iimI \<l.l>, .ll will! ll llir Liiu.-il Is titlffii iiiilfs -iiiilli l.\ .a.sl S. I..\ I'.. I'miii r..iMt I, .una. It IS ii.Mil\ iwu ni;l.'s in j.n-lii l>\ .mi.' Iliii.l .if a milf in Iu.miIi li. .iihI II- hi .1 inulli- «.-.| iml -.niitli.'ast .lii.'.liiMi. .\s -.fii iKiiii till- mirlli m .-..lilli tins i.sl.-t is., wc.l-.' sli,i|ic.| mis.s iisiiit; 1.1 .liiLiil siv liiimlii'.i .111.1 s.\.'iil,\ lix.' I.'.'I al.i.v.' tli.' s..:i. Iml w li.'ii s.^'ii tr.iiii ili.' sniii jivs.'sl It .sh.ius as a Imi;; iimlnl.il in;; isl.i uilli tin- in-. -I .1. in. ---inn ii.mi tin; iiihI.II.'. Hi.' >iiit'a.-.' Iiii.s Niiiiic farlli iiji.'ii 11. Imt it isfiilii. I> .l.'siiinir .if iiv.s; ,1 Ww sm.ill .>.'i iil.bv l.ii>liisi\i^i. .iml .lining' llif r.iiii.v N.MNiiii 111.' Mill IS K.K.M.'.I «itli -i.iss. ami ,1 ::i.ai al I. in I i,',imlily iiil.>r.-.l IIi.xmts sli.iw III ji.ilili. > .it v.ll'iu. |iiii|il.', .iml (II. 111-.'. Iiiiiiti- 111!' .lr.\ -•■a-iiii all \ .•u.'tati.tii is witli- iicil. ,iml llir islcl lui'M'iii.s .1 ^iiiil.' iiiil loiliiililiii;; ,i|i|i.'.ii,iiiif. Tarli .111.1 similar plants ^.mhw aiii.in- til.' iiii'Us. \Mi.n 111.' i-laml Im.iis m.iili l.> wr^t li.ilf wot iN. Ii\ W . '. W.) 111.' .■.•iiumI ..lltlllir is .sli;;litly man .1 l>\ a .>Iiiiii1.1it nf tli.- mulli p.iit nl tli.' isl.iml slmwin;.' mi ili.' «.■>! ,n lliis hcann;,' 111.- mnlliwr^l i-li t .sli.iws .1 Miiii.'wli.it >imil.ii tiuiii.'. ami lli.' Iwn hhUn isl.'t>li.' Ii.'lw.'.n III. 'in, l.iil 11.', II. 'I I.. 111.' l.iij:.'-! isl.'l. A lull.' Ill III.' .a.st llf tins l,ii';.'.'>i isl.-i is nc'Ii tlif faint .mtliii.' of I' t l.iiin.i lis .1 li.w lilt i.l.t. \\ li.'ii III SI ;,ilii'.is| pmnt of ili.'i^l.'t Immis mirtlira>i li\ mirth hall mil til ! Mi. 1»> N. '. N- tli.' mnlliwrst i>li'' i> .1 !.';;iil,ir p,\ lamni. iln' tun i.M'k> isltis mi' luMi'tT tlu> l.ir-.si, ami I'liint Liniia is l.uiitl.v sffii a,s a l.iw Hat isltt jiist \scst nf ilir iiiiil.ll.- islet. Til.' iiniili fii.l III 111.' 1 it«.' i^l.l lias .sir.i;r;;liii;:lM'lp amnml it ami sniii.' m.'ks clnsc in ii. TIiito JH II .• .In-.' iimlci ilii' sniilli .'inl. I'll.' sniimliii-s alnii;.' till' .'a.sl f.icc (if ilic islcl i'aiiy;o Irniii .•i;;lil In si\tci'ii tatliniiis, .iml tlii'ii- is saiil In 111' .'M'.'ll.'iil .imlim.i;,'.' nii this .siili' i>[ III.' iskin.l 111 till In liUj'.'li fatlinlll'- nl Wll.T nMT -,iml\ Imllnlil. Ill.'l.' I- nll!,\ nil.' I.lll.lillu' pi. If.', allil .'M'll I he II' I lie a.s.'.nl Is ililliciill fni- lill.v f.'.'l. ami tlicm-.' .',i>\ In tin' <'H'>I. uliirli i- li.ilt' a mili'.ilisl.iiit. 'I'lii' M'ciiml prniniin'iit isl.'i i-, a Ini-c hain'ii iiia>.s nf rnck. tliii'f liiimli.'il ami lift.v feet lii;rli ami tliicc iinartci.s nf a mil.' Imiy mutliucst ami sniillii'.ist. || lies imrtli lift.v-.'i'.;lil .IfLirccs w.'st (N,."iA \\ .1. llii.'t' null's ili>i. lilt linm ihi' l,ii-('.-.| islrt. WIhh -rcn Imiii tlic ■muhIi soiillifast ami ami iinitli nnillivMst n .ipp('.ii> as .1 i.';;iil.ir p\ramiil. Iml wli.n ■-.■.■n liniii ilic w.'si s.iiitliwi'st It is In.iail.'ii.'il mil vMlli an iiii'-iilar niitliiic ami llic lii;^ln'r. ilmilili' li.'.idc.l jiait Inwards the .mitli- cast, 'riii'i.' is \.'i\ ill', p u.il.i' clii-M' aiiiiiihl tli:> islit, sniiiiilliiu's "I fcil.N I" lill> I'.il litilii> li.'ili;; I. mini nil all >i.l.'> .imt a Imtlnm nf saii.l. cnr.il, and lirnkiii slidls. Oil till' iinrlliw.'sl p.irt <>{' the lar-.'st islet, and in the m'li.T.il dire.'tinii tnwards the .seeniid l>li't. Ill' I vvn siiiall.'l mil'-, ni i.itli.l tun '^ii.il 111 i-->i'S i>\ inik. I'll.' laiu'.'r .111.1 hl;;lli'l' olli' is neaiU li.ill .1 mil.' 111 .'M.iii .111. 1 iili\ I'l .'I lii'_'li. ll li.'s .ili.iiit 'Hie mile snutliu.'sl .->U'. finiii tin' nmth I I 1.1 III.' l.ll^;e■^l islei. Ii has deep u .Uer .nniiml ii.uiih kelp mi tin- inmi side. \\ li.-ii tilt' 1..:^.'-! i>lel li.'.iis mnlli 1>> ue-l h.ilf west 1 N. Ii\ W. 1, W.i, this laiu.r inek shows to ill.' west u." 1.1 nl the -in.illel lii k .1- .1 ll.lt p\ 1.1 ill ill ; bill u In 11 I he siuilhea-l pnilit of the l.ll^'.'Sl isl.md hears unit hi'ast l.v math li.ilt imrtli (N I'",. l>v N. I N.i. Ihiv.' mil. s distant, this larmier rock appears as the iiiiii'i nil.', and is n r.'i:iilai in niilliiie. Ii.i\ inu iis hmln r .11. 1 tnwai.ls the west. The smaller rn.'k IS eoinparatively low, ami Ins almiit halt a mile wotuaid nf Hi.' nmth pnilit nf the ':.ru.'st islet. Itntll tlli'se ini'ksweii' l,i\nllle ii'snlls otllie elimiiiniis sea ilephaiits Ix'l'nre tli.'> were cNlcrmin.itcd. r.elvveell tli.'se tun rocks lii.is.ses .uid the l.iri,'esl islet the liotliuii is foul and marked l>_v k.li . 14 PACIKIC CiiAsr I'lrnT. TluTO is ;i twoniil.'s wi.l.' pussa-o l...|«..rn tl rtliw.'st islrt iviul llio r...-k,V m;iss.«s ofl' I,.. largest or s„utlu'a.st islH. 'rii.Ml.M.tli nnip-s tr<..n .•i-lito.Mi I., lorfy luflioiMs. Imt no vrss.-l israll.-d mioii to i.si> tins jiassup". HHw.H-n tlu' isl.'ts aii.l Mexican Toiiit, tlu« bottom is .|Mil.' iv-iilar. an.! tin .l.'ptlis ran>;r trom eiglitvcn to twenty faliuMns at tli.' isl.ts to t.Mi lathoms uitlun a n.ilr of the shoiv, with iK.ttom of mud and sln'li>, ami steaTn ships tiv.|iu'iiilv ns.- tins passa;,'f. Coniin}; from the south this !:roup atlonls a f.'oo.l mark in makin;: San I»irp> when Table Mountain is. 'lon.le.l.althon^'h before brin- up «ith th-m I'oint I.oma shows .listinetlv as a low tlat isi.'t. At niuhf a vessel aiii'roaehin.'r San Die^'o from the smithwan! will see the I'oint I.oma Lij,'Iit from ten to thirteen miles bef..ie Immii- iq. nmiIi tliein. ami uliei. it h bion-ht to bear iiurth«esl b.s north tw<.iliir.ls north (NW. b\ N. H >' •' enin-e for •! will .arrs h.'r p.i-t the « 'urona.ios mi.lwa.v between the main shore ami the sc.iilliea',.|- "■ " '■'_ "'-'• dr. ill mill' ■' '" '"' " Ihrp S,,i .s'.,»H»U- ; U(iariiiKii Iilntjiiii lii'pth. 'I'l'miM-niiiirc. r.ilir Siirfm** lUiUiini. «.;.. I»n. K, 1K74 N if \V I .liiu. i*,UTI \ > W .I»u \\r.t S la; W I l>n- M. l-r.i N M W I Dw;. ao, l*rj S.M W. t'>}th>iin* 'J 71 v. 1' 10 l.S "J* 'i II (K! '■; 1* i:. 6K7 :.« « 12 ; in MO DiATATli t of Uitlnni Orih)- an.I IiIai k wttitt anil hniki'ii ..lU I>ark iiitid ^Hlli htii- Miiiil W 4 l>itik tiiil.l uilli III).- "tiliil S.« I >.if k mutt 3«.l liark niuil. The soiiiiilin^;s on tlie I'icim ii ehail r.l','7. eilition ol IstlT. Irom l.os Coroiiados to the Corten Hank, are erioneously >.;iven. l hey should ha\ e the sijiu ol '• ho hott'iiti " to each. Los Coronailos vvi-re discovered i>> .Iiian Kodri^iie/ Cabiillo (Ui the L'Tth September, l.")!-, ami Ferrelo, his pilnt. desciibes tliem uid then po^uion wr\ well— •• tliiee uninhabiteesnlale Isl.imls. They obtained their present desi^jnaliou from Vizcaino, w lio named I hem in Itloj in hoimr cij' Kramisen Coronado, j,'ovei nor of the [iiok ince of Xaliscd under ('oile>. < tn \ i/eamo's ehail. howevi-i, tlie\ are desi;,'iiated Islas de San Martin. Cabrera I'.ueuo c.iUs iLem the i.'ilauds of .s.m .M.ii tin, with some \L'ry small FaruUouea. i ;. *"i 'i «i u HI j V '■:■•-:'■• -H'^^^vv. r ■ -'*', •.*'.r..iV ' A:ff« ■ ■|K\> ■•(MSI MINI id'- '• , '♦.<*..«'!, 11 t-n .11 -l.v .k,,. >«,!....* ( .11 ■ ■• «^. , •■ -•♦..,, «h»«..*...i< •" t «.,..•-.■.«..- '-«■■•• —f ■■■■; ■'^^^^.{Hg, ,i«H.«H ■(;. ^ w ,f». . - •"«. A:-.:; - ; •'■•-» ... ..^.„. Ml ,,h...H . >i*'r»'V/.:'.***- - ' .-4...^. ...<• 1 M'i \n MM II : N I , '. ...<■ <»-•••.'.■ ^ "Y *.::';:.:;.. • • >'•. 4W. .... .... •.» '.*... »4 ■ .,..«."•"«••<•« *..,.4^'»' ■•*■••' W«^j.«» ,*. If S^ ..• * • • fci. 1 , i-".- , 1 '**M^ ^ *•■" '•••• ' -■. t.. — y. .»•■ ■ 1 h*.:... , • •4« ..I*.- 1 '■'- H-.'"' i', -* ••• ■ ;;. 1-4...* ,:.::, .., 1 ■ • ,^ ":.•"■ i i " ,, ,. V! •1 -f !•■ '■ ' >"•■*■- V'.v.:;. "I-... .......V. .,.- .'I... •,\ '• . - ..... .,:" •• -•» SI * H t N .* .... ' «l- .».l> . *^ ^ f" I »*I Kl > » -, i* ^ ■■/!.■ -■•-■A — , . M. . t . ...T _ ■_ , I • , ( U M i \Vi \1 I MIMI : N I , ,\ • ■ •• ij" '« " '••« V N' .-. .. .... ■;;>:!.?.,'"„■"'.; -'• .^ ,.%...> >•'■•• ••• ^•d-V 'j .. , „ -.1 -•-•.■ u ■■'••' I > I uAsi An |i t_;f Dili I II, - I K'v I Y 1 I M.'tMl.w,(,;ii| S.ipci ui'tl..l.-'ll "' MINI (11 MM '>. -•^», ,s* , ^ 1 • ■<■, / ,.... .■■/,■■'' •„.»' r,.-rr f ,,■• | "■' ..•^.--•''.. ^ > ..\>4*^«"'" " .'. ■ " ^ ■ >««' ""••V -^^i."- ( r^y-. ^, !.»... ..Cm... ... . '"*"V..»» J" jJd-- 14 lar up eig sai Mc flat fro no) bel an( esp larj of Bai 1 - Per r. tbe. fror '|i of: PACIFIC COAST OF Till: I'MTEl) STATES. '4 m C AI.IIOIJMA. Tho name Culifornia is first foiiml in tlu> wortlilfss roinaiicft '* liiis Sorgiis of I]si)liiii(liaii," the son of Aniadis of (lanl. written 1>.\ (iarcia Onlonrz de Montalvo, tlie translator of tin' Ainadis. It was lirsi piinlcil in l.'UO, witli editioiw in ITilO, irii'l, l."il.'.">, l.V.'li (two), l."»7."), 1.VS7, and the reeent re|irint of |S,"»7.* The name appears in luunerous passsipes, of whicli the foih)W!n{r are un'ii iiinon^c tliriii, iH'rai.sf llnv wiTf ii riiNtoinicl lo livi< iillfr till' l':i»liioii of Aniii/.ons. Ill tliiM itlitiul i:illf(l Ciilifoniiii ;irc> iiiiiiiy (rrilliiiH. on acioiiiit of tin' ureal ^-avayrms-H of the country ami tlic iiiiintiiNi- i|iiniitily of Mil. I ijaiiH' foiiml tlun-. Now, 111 llii> liiiir that tliosr );rt'at iiii'ii iil llio Pagans sailnl | aj{aiiist Constant inopl.' | witli tliosr nrrat lirfls of « liiili I lia\<' lolil \oii, tliiTi' ri'iniH'il in lliis laml of t'alil'oriiia a iinrcn, larjjr of liiwly. \it> licaiitifiil. in tlir i>rinn' of lirr yrilP<. I'ti'. The name Cilifornia nt'Xt tx-cnrs in the mi'iiioirs of the <'onipiista(h)r, IJernai Diaz del Castillo, whosciNt'd witii Coilfs III till' coiiiini'st of Mexico. l\v writes that 'M'ortfs a;:ain srt sail from Hanta Crii/ and ilisro\cn'd the eua.sl of Caiiforiiia." Here Cortes remaini-tl tor some time, disheartfiied at the want of snce.'ss of his varioii.s (>\pfditioiis. 'Die vie«'i(>y. Mendo/a, disjiatched a vessel niidcr the eommand of llloa, with lettei.s to Cortes. riloa hail a iiioni favoialilr voyani-, ai.il sikiii arrivcil in tin' liarlxir wliori' Cortt'M lay at anchor. Tin- 'i-ttcrs of Ills n ifi' ami tlioM< of Ills cliililri'n. ikuil of tin- \ iciroy. Iiuil ho iiiiu'Ii I'tVci't iipuii liiiii llint hi' ^avr thf comniaml of his MsNi'l lo rilo:i. • iiiliai'K.-il for Ai a|inlco, ami. wlii'n In' liail arrlvnl licrr. hi' haa' 'Ucil to tjiiaiihnahnai . wherr his wifo rrsiilcil, ' ■ ' Shortly afti-r, also, tlio triMijis iirnvnl which hail liii n left holiiml in California. .\fter a few months' repose Cortes sent out a more (•onsiilcraiile expedition under eotnmand of Clh.a. I'll IS armament left tin- haihor ilr la Nativ nlail iii thx nioiitli of Jiinrof one thoii.saiul live luinilred ami tliirtv ami »ii many yeais 1 |or);el the eiail \ear. 'I'hr <'aliforiiia referii'd lo ahove is the iieninsiila of that name, {jeiienillv known as Lower California, and thf dati- 1."., '..">. The> are the only times in which l>ia/, uses the name. (Ca[i. C. C.) In l.">,;'.» l''ranciseo dc lihia determined l,owcr <'aliforiiia to lie a peninsula. This fact apjiears lo ha\e liceii siil»sei|iienlly for;,'ot ten. fur the " West Indische Spie^ihel." a i|ilaint old niltcli de- scri|>tion of .Vmerica and ot Spani-sh cruellies, pnldished in ItiL'l, has a map reprivsentiiit; Call foiiiiaasaii island, terminating; at the northwest at Ca|)e ISIanco. 'I'he Mn^'lish translation, pnli lishcd III ItlTI, ieprodiicc.-< the te\t and the map. .\nd alioiit ltl7r> it was called the Ihu Carolinas, III honor of Charles II of Spain. In i>e I'li's atlas. ITO'.i, California is laid down as an Island a.s lUr north as i't' at the latest date, IT-')). .Many other authorities considered it an island. The niiiiie Cilifornia wa.s }:radiially used to de.sif,'nate the re^'ion from the (iiilf of California to the mythical "Straits of Aiiian." •Tlie full title uf ihu bouk lit " Lita tjorKaa di"l Mcy Kaforiailo Cabaluru EspUudiau Uijo tlcl eiceleiite re Amailis du Uaula." l! I !» « 10 I'M inc CnAST I'lLOl'. Till' foiiiitry t'lom latitiiili- tliirt.v riuM ili'irrrcs iioilliw;inl was ralli'd New Alliioii In Sir FraiH'is l>niki' iii l."i7'.'. Ill roi'i'iit tiiiu's till' ropou imrtli ol' San Hicpi wa.s tallod Alia ( alir.iriiia, and llial to tin- soutliwanl, llaja Caiilornia. cKM.UAi. iPi;s(i;ii'ri(>N hk tiik rAcii'ic coAsr to \n\: sikait i>k m an dk n . tin- coast runs west noi tliu.st tw o liiiiiilnil and t\\fnl,\ live Miilfs, and oil tliis sinlili ii«' llir Santa I'.ailiaia Island^; Iiomi r«iinl Ar;,'ii('llo to Caiii' Mi'iidoriiKi. in latilaiU' U> ..'"i . luiisilinh' 1-1 -"-' . H nnis iliWfst li\f linndrcd and t\vciit> live miles, finluacin;; tlir lla> ot Montcirx and tin- (liiU'ot tin- Farallonr^, « illi tlii' fntiancf to San I'rancisco Hav : and from CaiM' Mendocino to (ape I'latten. in latitude !>> •_'.{', loiifiitiide lu't ir.it inns north noitlnvesi four linndri'd .iiid i:^lil,\ miles, en. Inaian;,' llnmltoldl r.ay. Ilie ;,'ieat reels ol I'oini Saint (leor^'c and Cape Ortoid. tin- entrance to ilie ('(diimli,,i l!Ker, ami the Strait ol .In, in de I'liea. TIIK roAST or r M.ll'iiKNIA. Aiiiiroacliiiif: the coast of Califoi ma from the southward, the lirst landmarks .-ire the Coronu- dos Islands and the welldetined outlines ol' 'I'alile Mountain am: its conical nei;;hlioi, Sharp Peak. The immediate coast southward of. .San l>ie;.o I'.ay is a taldc lami of niodcrale liei;;ht. stretchin;,' Well liaeU. with a u'elitle slope to tin' foot hills, wlienci' the land rise> rapidl\. It is well reprc seiili'd in the aceompanvin^ sketches. The i//ii;iM//ir«Miiarkin;.' the western initial I'oini of the l>oiinilai\ lietweeii Mcmco ami the I'lnteil .States is on the talile hliilV leii miles noitlic.ist !•> iioi th two thirds north N K. In N. •■ N.) from the ( 'oioii.i los. and ehneii miles soiit heast h.ilf east .SI",. A I'.H'rom Point I,oma li;.;lit. It is al'out loit\ (iiie feet almvc the sea. .llnl direcllv to the mnlhot It the mesa I. ills to the low marsln land soiiih of .S.m |)ir;,'o l;,i\. It is an olielisk of white ni.irMe. almiit t«ent\ Icei m liei.:lit. resiiiiu' njioM a peilestal. It st.iiids near the ed:;e of the liliill. ahoiit two hundred \ards t'loii] the sea sliiiic, and i-- |iiaihl\ wsiide Iroiii Ilie water. Its ^eotrraphic.d position, a.s determined li\ lllr r. .S. ('ii.i>t and lii'odetic Sni'Ve.V. IS Lalilu.li I!-,' :!1 :,- II. II,, rill. LiiiiHitiiilf 117 iC .!•,' .:t7 H.il. < ir. Ml tiiiiv 7' 1- '■"' .'i Tills point of lilnlV is named Piiiila de .Vreiia on the Sp.mish charts. riie liei;:lii i\\ ihi' I, mil at the iiiiiiiiniieiit i» fi>rt\ li\e lei I at mean lo» water, and one milcc.isi ol the iiionnment there is a stone iiioiind Iliiee Inindred and sixty live feet aliine the Mca. I'lom tile lioiindaiv the coa>. is low .md llat. riiiinini; iioith li\ west fur alioiit se\cii mile- Iheiicr ciirv iiiL' ;:iadii.ill\ to the westw ard until II !•- ne,irl\ east .uid "est at the enliance to .S,in liiet;o 11. i\. The interior ol the coiiiilis is marked li.\ hi^:li mountains, lorininy: pai ol the ;,'re.it chain cMcndlllf,' the w hole leli;;th of the peninsula of l,o\\cr ( allforilUU SAN niK.GO RAY I'liint /.lojiii.— Whether apprMachin;; t Irom I li»' southward or west ward, I'oini l.oma is lirst raised as ,. II. it topped i>l,ind. .iml e\eii when well up with it this i.soiated he.idland si .mils out .sharpis delined. Iiecanse the e,,unll\ l.eliind II IS eoiNpai.ltl\el\ liiw. It 1- the >onllieili pill ol the western liouiidai> of S.m Ihe^'n |;a> .md the tciminalion .,1 a lein.ii k.dde ii.ii row spin ol ciiar-e, crumlilin- sandstopc. w Imh rises south of Piieitu I'al-o. m I'.iU,. |;,iy, .md west. if the Ita.v of San l>ie';o. t.i the hei-ht ,,f ihree hnndie.l |e. i : alter siietihin;,' south forahoiit live and a h.ill miles. ;,'i(diiall.\ mcieasint.' in hei^;ht !,> Lmr himdrcd and tifl\ seven feet, it termin.ites al.riiplls on its se i lace aliivast the liar at the eiitr.mce to the lia\. It is covered w it h eoaisf ;,'rass. cadi, wild sa;,'e. and low liushes. The Itay of San IHej;.. lie., to the eastward of the rid;,'e of point l.oma. with the entrance in(nstin;;iiis|iaMe until close up with it. Ne.vt to San I'lanciseo, no harlioi on the Paciiic coast of thf rniled States a|iproacli«>s in exc«'I lence that of San Dieno. The marks for distiii;;uHhin;; it areipiile notalde; there are no out Is in;: «laii},'ers; the enti.ii is easily apiintachcd ; lie.iv.v .southeast Htoriii.s are uuusu.il; and twriitv Iiiiiii li> Sir that to til*' ni'a. I'Ni'li mill's ; illu'c Ik S.iii ■ I till' ).'iiat oma is ilrst I si. mils iiiit urn |iai t nl IIP« s|llM III Wist III till' ml li\ I' ami Irrmiii.itt'Fi vv It li <'iiai'Hi< I Illiaiiri" ICM ill t'Xrcl III) oiiIIn in;; mil twenty -•^'JV» ■ > liilMJ w I'AI IIIC ('i)\sl I'll, III'. 17 licl uf w.ili I (111 111' (• mini ciM'i till' l>.ir. iIm' ell iiiii ■! .iriu>-i wliicli is wi'll hiii(\ci|. Tln'li' is less i;im, 111.:. IliirU li.i/c, .iii'l liloii' c'l'ir vM'.illicr in lliis si'i'limi nl' llii' co.i^l llniti iil ,ill |iiiiiits la llic liiMlllM.inl. .lliil llir ;i|>|ilii.li'lli's ;il'i' liiiii'i' ii':i(|il> ills) lli;:ili-l nil iImI mi'i'diiiiI. r.iil'iist I'liiiil.'—i III till' casti'iii sicji- lit I'lPiiit 1,11111. 1 riil;:i'. :it mic miiiI iiiiri|ii,iilt'r unit's trmii till- Miillliclll ('\lliliill \ . llirif is ;l low, IIMI ictu . Iiiiw Mcr |iiillll. slnti'liili;; nlir tlliril nl' ;i null- In lllf III >l ill lli'l tllt'.lsl V\ Ml'il, :lllil liil'llllll^' M ll;ll lll.ll lili'.lUu ,lli'l III! I III- I II I It I'd II II I ii!° I he liil\ . This is r..ill,isi r.)iiii, Iniiiiiiii: lllf wi'st siili' (if tl iiiiMiHc to llic liii.N. Ill I >('('('iiilirr. |s>."i, iliiTc were two lai;;*' wIllIc one slol'S IhHIncs :iI IIic dllli'l cihI nl llic ixillit. I\M> dllicis at tlir llillcl ji.ll't III' it, 11 11(1 SI \ III' SI' \ I'll nllicis nil I 111' I ISC (>l till' ;^ I nil In 1 lllslilc tile | ml lit at t Wi'lllV nl t llil I \ I'l ft aliiiM' I llf U>\ (I nl till' lia\ . it IS |i| njiol'll to |ll ICC a 1 1;: lit llnllsl' nil tins |ln|l||. /iiiiiifii I'liiiit. — I )ii'ci tly alurast and iinrllicast nt' llallast rniiit, at a ilistaiicc nT niic (|iiai tcr nl' a mill'. tlii'K is a Inw sjndy |iniiii, wlndi is tlic vvoicin cMiciiiity nl' tlic Inw sainly slinir tlial swccjis cast w aid Inl I « n nr three miles ami llicii siiiitli(M--t \\ aid Inl si\ nr se\ cii iiiile^. I'l Hill in;; the (II (' III linilMll.liy III till l'>a\ nl Sail |lle;:(i. The ell t IMIiee ti > t lie lia\ isliehscell Kalla--t rnllltaiiil this n|i|insile low |in||||, « llicll lias lieell liailleil /lllll'^a I'nillt I'nr relerelice. I'liiiii I'lallast i'nillt the lia\ iiiiis nnilli li\ wc^t I'm aliiiit a mile ami a hall': tlieiice it ciirxcs (;ia(lliall> to the e.lstW ,11(1 tnl- three miles In San 1 »le;;n , Inlliiel ly New S.in l)le;:iP : Ihi'liee smith- cast S('\ I'll miles tn Nal inn,il ('it\ a I II I t he 111 '1.1 nl' I he lia\ . 'I'lie eastein >i(le nt the enliaiei' In Sj'i iMei^n I'.av is low ami It at. lieiii,' at its lii;;Iies| |iniiit (Hll\ t\M'Mt,\' Inlll leet aliin e llie .sea. It l> i n ereil wit h tlliek luilsli ami ;:r.iss. It is I he mil til- westein evpamleil p.irt nl' the Imi::, ln,\ |)i'ii:iisii!a fniiiiiiii; the oee.ui hmiml.iis nt' the li.iy tmvaiils the snillhuest. This |i.llt is .ilimil llilee liiile.^ Iiiiil; aihl niic aibl a h ill' llilli'S Whle. li llinuili;,' .Sl|(|(lenl\ In less lliill .1 li'imll'i'il y.ir.ls in jiLiees heliei' tn tile lie I'l nt' the liiy. 'I'llls e\|iaml('arl (if the |ieiiiiiMila is IncilK eilleil '• I'lie isl ami." altlinni;li imt aetn.illy cut ntV, ami its iinrth- l'l'nilln>I pmiil :ii-i,|,. l he lii\ i^ n.iliieil I'linLl ile San I'.nIcV .111. The nee.lll shnic nf liie tiailnUCst pail Is ealh'il "Ciol.! r.ia\.i"" mi nhl .Spanish eh. 11 Is. 'I'lie e.istei 11 jiail nl' lhi-> islaml has liecii l.ijil niit as a tiuvn, nameil ('"inniidn Umili, ami a lar;j«' lintel li.is Ihim Imilt iie.ir the niiter lieaeh, in a posit Hill liearin;: aliiinsi ('\aell\ east iinitheasi, tlislant tliice iml a ipi.iiii i- miles irmn the li-lit liniise. This i> ;i ^nnd l.iiiilm.iik I'nr small sleaai «'l'.s trnlii llie smii hvN.iiil I'nllnu iiil; the slinre line in lliii k, h.i/\ VMa'hei. I'lie liK li 1^ ilie ippi'.ii.iiice nl all extensive limU nf w.iter. lint the j:i'eater part i>t' the .iica ll.is l('..s I JLUi t hi 11 lal linlil>. ami e>| illl\ heynml the tnuii nl'Sili Uie^'n. where I'niir li If lis nf tile area li.i> Nsn ih 111 ten fiei 11 wati-r. Thrnau'h tiie l>iy there i- ,1 tin tn ihiee f.itlmm 1 li.iiiiiel fleail> tn the head, .Mill a Vel a;.'lli:; nlie ijiLll ler nf a lliih' lliwnllh. 'I'lie tld.ll are.l nf I he li,l\ is Ic.s.s ill. Ill luelity live sipiaie liiilcs. 'i'lie Siiii Ihiiin 1,'ini- fnliii('il\ cnteliii the nnltlii'lllllinsl par! >'\' the li.l\. aliiilil three miles linrlh Irniii i!il!ist i'nint. ami .iliicisi nf tlh' old Imvii .unl presidin nf .S.in Kieu". ( >iie mile inside ,l. Ill llie limlhelli iill\e nt the -hnre. lie e\l('llsi\i' slin.ils Inlliied li\ llie •> Hid and seilllliellt t'nriliellv lMnll;^llt dnWII li\ liie luei. (>ii the n'd Spanish eharts- the lucr is shnvx-i a-, emi'tsiii;: iiitn this lia\, Imt at ,111 earlier, aild.lUn.it ;| I, ltd, perind it mii^t ll.ive ellteiid i'llelln i'.iNn. lire i il^-e the filler Ills evidently heell lie,ii'i\ tilled lipliN It. i'lie w.iteisnf the liver entered Illtn I'llse I'.ay liet'nie js.l.'i, liecailse ill iImI \ e.ir t lie iiv el eliair^ed it~ emilse ami elilpt ied ililn Sail l'iei;n Uay. .Sev cr.ll .Ipprnpl i.l- tlnll^ ll.lVe lieeli m.lilr liv <'nil^reN> In Illlll .lllil keep the eli.iniiel nl' I he llVel tn its nrii;lli,il lied illtn i ,lise i'.,iv . '/.Hui'i'i N'/('ii//.j— Oiiivide llf l',ill,t~' rmiii, alirea^t the e,t.,teni side nf 1' I I .■una and parallel theieu ilh, at the (list, I nee nf luu : liii.N nl a mile. l-~ I lie Ursti ill eili;e "f I Ile /ii 111^,1 ,Shnal, vv liirli makes niit line and a hall' miles vmnh liv ea-.i S. Iiv i; irnm /.niii-a I'miit In three t'athnins nf W,ller. T'nr mile lh( re In si\ feet and le^.< uf w .Iter nil II. .mil 111 I'.Ul there IS . I li. lie patch I'll II I 1 ,li' I, II 1 nil.., ^, III pinil;i li,. Ins innj.niiis ,,r S|,.miisIi .li UN. i>m \'.iii. .niMi's rli.iii . I'uiila ilr linn aims, :il'l> 1 il:ill \ lll|ilr. I alili'llt itH.-nn i ills ll ||||. |',,|lll of l.ll^i I'clililrs I !lali.viii|ilc's coin ol .S|i.iiimIi rliarls llf IT-.'. |im1.ImIi.i1 IT-'.I; Mini,.,! \,\ \'.iii,iim\ , i . tT'.l'J. ; Niiiiii'il liv \\f.v. 1 IK Ii'ili'.' linn Caspar ilc /.iiiiii;:i, Ciniiii ili Mnni.r.'v . ilis|ialiliiil lln- r\|icilitiiiii, On Van- iMiiMi'i ilialt il is I alli'il lliirii" d,' /iinii;.i ; in Ins ii.nriliM-. It.irnH dr /,iM.iiij;a. li.ili.Miiiilc'i nkctili (,17-x'' I'lilU llu- Kill 1.1 1 It.in.s ,!,■ /.iuiil;.!. I '.ilm r i lliii'iin lirsi r.iiU il Zuiii:;.i. ITJIl I' (' 1; ;4^ IS P\( IKIC ti>V>l I'll.Kl'. vi.Mi.l.' ;il low w.it.r. Iiixa inilc In.' hi ,il iH 1.im'.,ii thr >1miiv nl" Hi.' |.riiiiiMil.i, ii.irnivMnv' I.» „ii..|liinl of .1 mil. ,il.iv.i>I llif .•Mivmity ..C I'oi.il Lon.i. I'lii'* ;:i.mI .-..iiol luiik m .Io,iI.||,.>s loiinrtl 1>.\ 111.' M'iM. Ill ol til.' IP it.r..il iroiii lli- mii.I> xlior- tii il li.'s l.» Hm' H.iitliwiii.l. I'll.' llUcst l'\ailllll,lll..ll> lli.ll.'.ll.' llMt llllS«il.»,ll 1^ I'.'IIU' lollll.'.l lillllo'l to III.' >oiilli».il.l, A N«,|-ll rlliliilU'l. h.lMiiC sl\ lot of M-.it.T III It. li.'si'l.iM' .iloil;; tin' Im'.hIi « hen.'.' Iln' nIumI |M..|i'. Is. Til' l:,ir III' s.ni !>!<:><• /.'i.i/. — I'lu' l>.ii .it tlu' ciitniii. c l.>s.iii l>i.-.. I!.i.\ \* lorin.'.l l>> ili.' iiio\. mi'iii ol til.' i.iil .if 111.' /.iiiiica !>lio.il low.iiiK III.' .'xiri'iiiiiN ..r I'oiiil I.oiii.t. Wiiliiii IIk' I'.im t'.iilioiii I'll I \.' I! i> .1 ii.iiii'« ii>l.i;.'.'r>iii.' .|ii,irl.'r ^onili J". I S.i I hi.'.' i|ii,iii. r. t'\' II mill- li'iii ill.' < \ti. iiiit.\ of I'oiiil l..iiiia. soiiilica-t li\ .•.i'>l li ilf t-asl iSI',. li\ I',. \ I'..) a liltl.' HI. .IV 111. Ill tin I'l.u'ii- of a mil.' iVoai lli.' Ii-lii. iml in r.iii^'t' «iili lli>' t'Mi.'iint.v "f I'-allast rumi aii.l I,a ri.i.v.i. .111.' .iml "II.- Iliir.l mil. 's from til.' I'll r. it is .il.uiu tln.'f Imii-li. .| \.ii.l> .i. io-'> on a Iioitli .'..iii^.' I'.'iwci :i 111.' f.'iii- f.itlioiii lull's, ami Hv.'iilv IV. t ..f «.it.r ciii 1..' .-.iiih'.! .iv.i il. 'I'lic siiivcMs of |s.m; .iml ls:> iii.li.Mtc ili.it an a|i|.i.i'ial.li' .i.'.i.'a-i' li.i.l t.ik.ii |i!.».'.' in tin' iI.tici'M' li«'t«.'<'ii IT'.'-, w Inn \ .iin-oii\ .i .•\.iniin..l il. ami 1 s.". 1 - '."iri. w Ihmi till' .Icjilli "as t«i'iit\ tvvo fi'cl. Stilt l>i,,iii I;. It-. — it lo it'iMiiicij as till' ( \|i('iii'n.'f ..l lli.' st..iiii s|ii|i c.ii.i.iiiin mi iln-, m i>i ili.it til.' li.ir .il Sill I)ii'uov.i\ i.iii'l\ l.if.iks. t(n!\ oin' ..•■->■ li.nl I'.-.'ii inol.' kiimvii to iin luiuir ||ir ln'a\y Willi. 1. if l^s<> ■■.!•, uiiiii It I.mI,.' .>f\ .T.il liiii.'>. This iii.i> li.iv.- I.e. n in |i.iil i.wiii;; In tlu' 1,1. t iliat till' Mil "\ lilt' ^'iiai kil|ili.'l.l was torn awa\, leas in.i,' tli.' I'.it'ilir swell fi'.'t' iii.»\-.'iiiriit lo til.' liar. K'lji 'I 'III Ihiiiiit I •<. — Til.' ;;i.'.il I'.i'nji.irt li.-l'l of k.'li> \\ni,i ..n.- to on.- .iml .i li ilf iiiil.s nil tlif west. I II nIiom' Ilf I 'mil I l.oma out to liiici n I.illionis of w.itfr. .imi ^Ii.'t.liiiiu t "" mil.'> smitli ol I In' |>iiiiil. is a s.if.' ;,'niilr in tin- iia\ i.'.itor in iliick wcatlicr in .liijiroailiiiiv' ^an l>n'uo lioin tli.' n.ii ih. 'I'll.' .liMilli of \\ al.'r on ;ls nuii-r cL'i' is lifi.-t'ii f.illioisis ii. iln- tail. Tlii'i'i' is .i n.ii i.nx I.iim n|' ii|n n U.ll.'l 1m-I w f(!i till' ill mi I'd jf Ilf this kt'Iji aihl I in' ^liolc. ,\ It II lull I m li\r 1. 1 1 il 1 11 1 1 ■> ill. SI' .lliiliu I 111- t'.l;;.', liiit with 'uii i(|Miii.'.l .i 111:;.! N. riii(iii_'|ii.iii till- wliiili' liflil III) known (l.iii;.'.'r- cmnI. .iihI tilt' ili'Iiili i.thui-- li'i'ii l>iiiit.'.:i to fiiiir falhiiMis. liisiw.nil nf I'miit l.om.i aii.l al.ri'.i-I Ilif low s.lll.l\ >llolf ilicl.- 1> llci krl|i W ll.lii'\ I'l'. h'l'ji. — Cilil.la ilis.iili.s til.' j;ii:il li.iiik .11 link Wi'f.l wliicli \i'ss(|.s |i.is>f(l tllloil;;li with twihr to linn tti'll f.llliom-. ol' w.ilci, in the >torill' inn.i-li' m Ii.ini.iii'I nirk.tin or lui'lvf liM't nil. I. 'I w.itcr, ami In.'akin^' in .i in.iii.'i.il.' w.'sti-rlv sw.-ll. It !!.•■, alinit li.ilf .i milr oil till' ".•■.i.Mi sli.i;. Ilf I'miii l.i.iii.t in'iiiiisiila. iiisl iiisiijc Iln- u'r.'.it ki'l|i lifM. in the l.iiit' ol ii|i.ii w.iici. ,iii.l lui) iiiilcs ii.ii!li\>c-t \ \\ . from till' lii^lit. t>:i Uii' ill. lit thcif .111' l:o ,si.||li.llll^s In in. 111. Ill- III.' .Iinmi. llir 1i.mi.sI miiiimIiII;; 111 ill.' assl;.'lli'il liM'.ility li.'iii;; s|\ alul tilt..' i|ii.tl li'ls l.il Imms ju ih,' kil|ili.'lil .il.' sdiinilin^^s nt Inin f.itlioiiis. w ih ih'c|i('r w.ii.'i aiiiniiil. Oil a |i!liiIiilllho;;|.||.li .li.iM .i| .'^ui I »ii -n I'. IV. nil .1 s,'.||,' nt nlic I w .'11 ; ', I In iiis.ilnlt 11. |ss||,.|| |i\ ill.' I 11, 1st ami C. U'lii' Siii\i'\ in Issii. ;|,, iLiinc \cu ||o|,i' I;,., k, is ,i|i|i|ii'.| t.i m n rl. \ in i.-ci liiijil's 1> in:; >» ilhiii till' tliti'f fitlioiii iiii\i' thii'i' i|ii.iil('i - .>l .1 mill' w.'sl li\ nniih timn I'mnt Loin. I l.i^Ki. .1 /(/•',(/, h.i.s Im'.'Ii r.'|ii.ii.i| insi jiisnlc th,' 1,,'||, ami K.-.tiiii;; alionl ufst thn-i' .|ii.ni.'i s s.nitli i\\ . ; S. ..Ill' ami nin- i|ii.iii, I iiiili s Ir.nii ill.' Ii^jht. I'li.' rock has imi Ih.'ii IimiihI. Imi ii i,';;ii!.ii lot k\ 1. 1 III I nil. uitli !«,, Miliums less w.itcrtli.in ih.-cliaii k'iv.s. has hciii .lis, ,,\ ri.'.l. , .\ pi il, I si I. /;.'/,',/>/ r„n,t .sl,i.,il.~.\u.[ iiisi.l,. nt l;^,!!.,.! I'.iinl. ami .iiiiiiil t«.. hiimlivil > .ii.ls n..i I hwrsi l.\ noiih N\\ . I.\ N. , fmin il. tlnii' k th.' .s..iitli.Mi t.iil i,f a Imi;;. nain.vv. nirMii- hln.al wlm h mi n in. s Ih.' iiiiiMI.' ,.f tii, w.ili'i u.iv h.m.'i'M th.' .'.istrrti shmi' .a th.- I.niii.i ami ihr wi'si, in s] ■ .unl low watir 1,111' iiftlir ..limi. This sin, .iMs .iImuiI twohnmluil \aiils wi.i. . imis ali.iiit mnt hw ai.l (or Iliii'i' i"i-|iij|s ,,t ., iihI. . .iml ihi'ii .'iirv.s sharplv t.i ih.- .mrth l.\ .-.isl. will, ., s|,,,n,' lihIi'Iu'v tostivfi'h oM-ramI ioin with III,' shnal li.ink mi t lir I'.isnm s„|,. ,,t tin- Im\ .ii this |>I.i,'.'. rh.i.' is as litti,. as f.^, I' ,. I,., I ,,f u.,,,.,. ,„..,,. ,|„. |,|„,^_ ,,,,1 .,, ^, ,|,,|,, ,,,^.|. i^^^i, ^ |_^||^. i^^^ii,^ ii.nlh.'.ist friiiii li.ill. i.si |',„ni tlii',l..,'i„.st wal.'ris luiiml amiss th,. shiul. Tli.'.hari -u.s Iwrntx f.nn L.t. Ih-- 'lf.'|i w.iti'r.h.ihml Is ImIwi'.'ii this slm.il ..mi ii„' I'mm I , .l,,,,,., rhm,. is'a .l.'iitli i,| .'li'v.-n l.ithmiis Ih'Iwi',.,, it .,,,,1 r,„i,t I.I, in. ..ami inn.- .iml s,'\ ,'i, f.ithmiis l„'i «,...;, ,i .u,,! I h.' u ,'si,.rii shmi'. l;ui Ihr ili.iii-,' Ilf ill, ,','iion,.f this. hanm'l.in.iiml lialla.st |'„ii,i is so Hhort ami shiiij. ami 1 i'.\( iric iM\>r riinr. 19 .11 I'llW 111^' to ^ ilmllillfsM Willil. Tin' 1. A sw.lsll "jet Is. )_\ I lie lilitN r nil till' liiiil !■ lull:;. 1,\ III:; Ici' i|il.ll lcr«. A i:.) A iiitii- .iII.InI I'iiiiiI lis .ii'rii«> nil \.l It, 'I'lir ill- (ll'lllll 111' /xaiiiiiii'il II. I«. ri>:l.>«l tli.il !■> lll'llill' tllf i\\ in;; I" llir hi\ iiiiiiit 111 lull's nil I III' MMII ll III I III' II llir lim I h. I. nil' III' i>|i( II M- ailing I 111' •s cMsi. aiiil ■,ist III.' IllU iiiil-li null real liilil m ii't loi'K. ll II ii.iir .1 iiiiii- nit' III ii|M'ii ilill;; III llii' ll > 111 lour 1. i^^iii'il li\ i'li'\ I'll li'it llulll I'lHIll 1 111 s Mllll ll i II ll'l^lll.ll pill, i^:i.> I I ll U I'sl ll\ llll ll nil II I -Imi I' .ilnl ll I liVN aid ^ Irllill'lirV riii'lv I iml I lir.ist \ I'liiir ll I'l. ;i ili'|illi III III' w I'slrl II sliai |i ami till- ••iirrciits Hi> stiiMi;; III, 11 M'ssi'ls ran mil iisr this iImiiiicI. Tins slmal lias hJai'U hiiov No. I ii|m)Ii its shitali'si jiarl. iiisiijcdr I'.allast I'niiil Sliiial iIhti' is iih i| iii^'ir, Iml a ra|iital ili iiiml. will liimNcil mit Cur III!' ni'\t scM'ii HI i'i;;lil mill's, M iiu ili.iiiui's an- liiiii;,' iiiaili' in llif u li.n I'.i-i' nl' S.in l>ii'u'i' ami ol' Nalnuial Cjiy, and (itJH'i iiii|iiii l.iiii aililiiimis ai- tnl('iii|il.iiril. A Ini'.il kiiuw li'du'f "I 'li'" ditli'ii'iil uli.irvi's nr till' siT\ ii'i's nr ,1 |iiliil is iii'i'drd III iiin |u ,1 licitli. 'I'Ih' « liarv •'•* lia\ (• luiii |il,nilicd In mil out to tvM'lllV six I'ct'f nl vv.lli'l al till' liiuisl Inlrs. At till' 11,11 iiivKi'si |i,iri ot till' rli.niiii'l o|i|iosi|«' ,S,ni I>it';:ii a wli.nf lias liri'li I'olisti iii'lcd on tilt' <liiinli| III' visiMi' iimii ,i lui-lit nl' — III ll ll .iliiivr till' s. a, al ,1 ilisl.iinT nf •.'-;! iiillfs ■,'ii r.'i'l iiliuM' III.' w.'i. al a ilislai I' '.".I." tiiili's. ;iii r.i'l aliiivi- till' Hi'i, al a ilMlaiiri' iil' a'l.'.l iiiil.'H. t'.'i f.-.'t al..n.. III.' Ni',1. al i iJHl.iiii.' ul' I!:!..', nnl.w. 'I'lif ;;i'o;;i.ni|iii'al |iiisiiion of llir li;lil liiiii>i , ,is di'Iri'inini'il li\ lln' [' . .">. Cnast ,ind ( icndt'lit'. SlilM'> . is: l.,iiiMi.li' :;•.' Ill |:i .:..'. iiiii III l,iiMuiiiiili' 117 II ;:: -iw.-st. I >r. in Inn.- 7 1- .'.-', 'I'lif iii.i;,Mii't If \aiialiiiii \\.is l.r U'l i'a>l in l^^'i, with a \i'.iil_\ ini'irax' of \ .'>. Tlif v.irialioii ol lln- r.iiii|i,is> u ill I I'ai'li lis i',isli'rlN ni.iMiiiiini aliniit ls;i,"(. I'lmii lilt' li;;lil we have llif rnllnwinu lif.nin^s and dist.ini'i's to |irouiiiii'iit oliji't'ts; I. us C.iii'iia'l.is, ,'<..iiili. Ill Nli'l , rmiil I. a Siiiii r.illll ri'lllllll l.i;;lll liiillsr . . .■< 1.1 r. iiisi III. . . i:. iii.ii's. .. N |i 1 W. hislatii'.', Tl null's .. N .".I W Iiiilaiii'.-. HI null's ll mil till' li;:litliiiiisi' I III- jslniiU nl .'>.ni!a ( ',it,iliiia. sfvi'iily iiiilis disiaiit, and .S,ni < 'li'intiitf, liri> t'i;;lil null's ilui am, air ili-linrlls \ isiMu in rli'.n w i.n Iht, 'llll' l'ji;;llsli .Vdiiiir.lll.v I'll, 111 No. L'ltil, Willi tni it'fl lulls to .Maiili, I "sti.'i, lias tilt' I'nilit I.olllil l.ijilit i'rioin'ous|\ loi'alfd nil l'',ilsi' I'niiil, alioiii sfVi'ii iinli'.s mutliw ,iril ol itstriii' posiiioii. In tlio "I.i>;lit II 'lists ol till' World," liy I'lmll.iv, Mil's, il w |i|.n'i'il •' o, .k I'udi/ J.oni.i." r\i-. Till- ll;;llt lioilsf oil Ilic |;iL;ln'st |i;nl of llif l.nlii.i Is IH'i|iH'iil|\ liiililt 11 l>y llif liiuli loi^.s wIiimi till' jowt'i' parts art' \ isiMf; tluTi'toit', lo iiiiTiasi' ilu- ii-t'lnlnt'ss nf tln' lii;|it it lias lu-fn ilitfi inini'd hy I III- < iii\ ('riiiiii'iil to pl.ifi' ll on llir sunt Ini n i'\l inniiN nl I liu pmn', ni' s\ Imli dm' iinln't' will In- i.ssin d. \V 1' lia\i' si't'li llif ll',;l|t wlii'ii ihi'M'sx, 1 w .i^ I'l.ur llllirs sniil ll of l.os (Jnl'nn.idns, liKAf"N i, luiM-'. \M' iiiiir.i; ]>\\ \\\< Ml 11 1 \ivi;k--, im; iiii; i;Nii;\Nir. in .siVN iMi'.iin h\\. \i;i; vsiiKii is riii: iii;;ii.i; is wiinii iiu.n ai;i; i'\.-- lUinij, — 'I'liis is a sirotid rlnsn irliisti iiiii hiniji, pn'nittil liliick iiinl irliili yiM'/icju/ic- uhti >7m/ii\, pl.ii'i'd ill t'iL;lit,\ si\ I'cft 111' watt'i, li.inl saiiil\ Imtinni, mar tlif smitli I'ml nl thf kflp- (icld, twii .lid ,1 li.ill mill's sniilli nl' tin' i'\tn'niit\ of I'mnl Lnina, ln'aiiii^ sniilli tliifi' tpiarti'is I'.ist (h, i' l''..i linin till' liu'lit liiinsi'. Tin' Colon, nln Ilnii'l lu'.ns nmlli tliiri,\ dt';;i't'i',s fast iN,,'>(t V..), distant loiii' and li Vf tiixlit lis niilfs. Tlif lioiisi> on ilu- oiitiT t'lnl of liallast Point is just npt-n iiast tllf snullli',ist pnilit III l.nin.l, nil tllf lillf nl I lit' lull liiu»\ ailtl It'll lillny. Tlu' e(lj,'»' nf llif kfl|) 20 l'\cin( ciMNi' I'li.di'. (liK'N Iii't llii\ (III' ((ilirsi' IS liiillli, illiil ill-t;llli'<' iilir mikI li\c t'i;;lillis iiiilr>. Till' \» lii>iliii^' \ui<<\ is XIII III In I li_\ ilii' .11- 1 lull I 'I 1 1 If «,|>«>H. mill III III iiiilin.ii.v -vmII « ill \\ limilc al»iiit t«t'iif\ livi' or iliitiy tiMit'> |mt iniiMiif. Tlic hill '"(.'I/ (i«'|iliiiiii^' ilii' .nitiiiiiiilir "lii-.lliiiy: liiiiiv >mi'i' M;i\ 7. I.SSSi i.< |>l.iii'i| in scmmi ami 0111' liiiir r.itliiHiis III' \t.iii'i,i>« I'l li.it il. s,inil\ iHitinin, nii iln* im>Iiiii i'i|;;)-ot' I lie ukmI Ki'I|i ticlil. It is oiif anil mu'.sutli iiiiii"« Miirili ittiiil\ nine ilf;;ici's r.iit >. L'!i I'.i tinin llif li;;lii Ihhim'. Frumil llii' \n>t taiifTriii l liiiov till' aiitiiiiialii* wliisllin^: I'linv al tin' r.iil <<( the Krl|i tii'lil In'. its soiiili, ilistant init' .iinl Iim' ^!• V.. limn tin' li:,'lit Imiisr. I'luiii It till' .siiiitli tati;;i lit ni I'i'iiii l.iiiii.i lii-ars iiliiMi.st rxai'tl.v u<'«t, liist.ini a litiji' ii\,t li\t' ('i.:litlisii|'a 111 lie. Till' iiiiiri li.it liiiii,v III' IIS imrtli <'i..;Iif di'-in's f.isf (\. > I!. . (|i>t.iiit timi'- riu'lillisiil a null': tin' \» liisiliti;.' I mm niitsulr lic.ir.s smiili im ami I'tir hall' (lc;;i its west (S. jtM W'.i, ilisiaiit tl\i' I'luliilis ut' 1 null'. 'Clic Inii'ihii) /.«.■/ 1, M'VilMutltlis ot" a tiiili' .sniilli I'ijjIitN (hi' ili';;ii'i's cast (S. S." ' (•;. , I'liiiii till' Ii;.'litlii>iist'. I'tmii !t 111!' tnnl riiaiiinl imiisi' past jiallasi I'nin; j> iimtli twenty liNe ainl ntie- halt' iliulePs UTst N. L'.'il W. ami the |iiiinl ilistanl mie ami oiieeJ;;lilh tnili'.s. 'Ilie li.n liu,i\ beats smith el;;hi ileuiies «,.>t (S. s \\ .1. ,|is|aiit three eijjhihs ol .i mile. I'i'int l.oni't l.liiht .N7i(/)«H.— This is a ilark uia.v luttet. thiil\ live let t lii-h. Miiiiiiiiiiitrij lis a reil latiteiii. lisMi^' nut •<( k(e|ier's h.iase. on ihe lii:;hesl |i,iit of the |Miint, aluiiii half a tnile Imni its evtreiiiil\. It shun s a thif.l ■•,■,!,, r„}hl. llishiivj red >vi'l irlilt,, iilt, ,ii,it, li/, ,it nil, ir.ils ,,r j ,„inuU. I'.ill.isi l',.;Mt liiMis li.iiii It a,,i:h \\\<\\,' ami niie halt' ilejiiec.-* i-ast (N. Vl\ ll. , «1, slant a little less than une mih-. iiti'V \Mi i;i AiiiNs- 111 M\i;i% iiif rii\NNi;i. iNstuK III'- svN iiii;.,(i i;iv. \i;i; \\.;i:ii in im; "KtUi; |\ Winril |ll|;s AliK IM.SsKli is |Ml,i;iNiJ. .\ v"" '"""■. li.iiiili'il 111 »-./.(/|./ /./,!,/. hnnziilital iialiils. ha, l„.i i, |,l,,reil |i|st iiisi.l,. ,,f I! ill.ist I'niMt \u thiie ami .1 liii.iiier lath.iin.s ofnai-f. i.\ei .samU liottnm. I., m. irk Ihe .s.intl, ,.n.| ,,t the Miihlie (Iriiiitnl Shoal. .\ti,st,l.,..s ,u,n /../'.//, Iia.llli.l ill .,,,' „„,/ /,/,„•/. hoflZ.illta! stripes, put ,|,,un in el-hleen le.-i ,,r u.iti r. iiMT sin.lv li.iit mail,s ;l„. upper eml of the Mii.hile };ront„l insnl.- f.all.isi {•.,ini. r.Hnu \... l._rins IS ,, V,,, „,,/,/„„,„„ I,,,,.,,, ,„„„!, d hl.uk, „iiml>,ir,l I. ami pi. in. I n, rontte.n l-el nt u .lenii. the I'.all.isi I',.,nt Shoal. « hose ,s.,„| hern tail reaehe, «,tl.in two humlie.l \aiils "' "•'"•'^' '' f- '""" "I"' I' " '"■•"- miithuest l.v tioith. as ali.'a.h ile.s.r j. |',,,ni r.iio'v No 1 r.alhist I'l.int lie.iis s.Hith.asi om- etj.th .south .>!•. i S... .lisiani one.in.irtei i,r a mile. '■'"""" '^"- -•— 'I'li's Is a ,„■,'' /.,,(,, i„, .n.irnnl l.;i„ I,.,, i,„i„lr.l ,,,l. numl;,,d -J. .ml pl.i.eil ,,n '"' '^'^"'"••"'1 >"• ■ 'I" ' iMimil ..pii.is,,.. I„. |.|.,ya in ten I'eet ol «..„.,•. r„in. it |:.,llast Pu,,,, iMM.s smith .me i,,la,Iir e.ist S. 1 K. , ,1,s,.h,I .,i,e mile, ami |le.,eon No. 1 s.M.lh t hiee .niart.rs "<-' >. ; \\.-..l,s!..„t .1 litt,,. „ ,|,a„ three .,uarieis„t . ■i!,.. Afti-r p,.ssi„^. I:,,,..,,, \., | .t..'ilie,«eeni;,..,o,nsN,„.,, „.,:;. ami uhin ,.pp.is,i,. ,. , ri. , v Is mas atiehoi in >.m„ nine lalhoiiis ,,v. i h.inl saml. lU.uon .V... ;;.-This is ., /,;/, h„c,m, r,otn,r.l I.,, „ I.-. ,,.,.;,:l Uui. ,nu„h.,:.t :! ami M „e .nnef-to, u,,„.,.„.., |,.,:,| samh i..„t,.m on the p.nt ..i i„.ith si, f the eliaiu,,.). I',,. I-alas, Imnt he..,, s„i,,h I,, e..s, s.i.y K.;. .l,s,ai„ .ine .iml ..,,.• litil, mil,,. ..,.,1 l;...„-oi, N,i ■• "'" ■'^' "^■'' •■'-'""'^ ''^'^t •■^I'-- :• H. . 'listant I ip.arter of a i,„h' " " lliMv the.hanml -unisv.iv s,„l.|enU to the east, ami eaie si 1,1 1... ,,,.,.„ ,.. K..,.p,„ ,„„|. Ill III It , 1 , 1 ■ ,. , , . ' • ' " I .1 I*, II I .' Iv I'l I I 1 I .liati lel I, l„.,„„, ,,. S..I, I.H... Nat al .'„>. „,llo.,n, the I.e,.e„ns.,n the starlioaiil hami /-'.'u| .^,.. l.-lhis,sa/„^< l.>.,n.„.,,u,n„d l,„ „ I,.,, ,„unUd nd, n,u,„.,,,.l I. ami pi...., n.m .'.., „, «a,erover har.1 saml.v l.ottmn on the statlM.ai.l s„|,' „r t .,,,„„..|. ,,-, ;, ,,., No leai s soi„hw..s, I., „,.„, SW. I,y S... .Iis,a,„ a lutle mote than t«,i ,h„.|s .,f „e. . -.1. Ml N,.. .,s,„ithu,'s! tl,n....|„ait..|su,.s, ,S\V. ; W. the same .|,s,ane... Uiuekaol ual... over har.l .samh liottmn on the sl.uHoanl snie .,' ,he ehaiiiiel. \L\,- ,h III .null . ami I'M II jc I'll \>,r i«ii Iff. 21 mir mikI \\\v II ^mII vUiinIIc n 111 III sfM'ii iMl l.i'l|i hrlil. ' il^lll IllMlM'. \N .
  • l.iiil . iliNt.mt (Ivf >t N. \i> i;.i, I'icirii till-. ONI' .iijil U\ r «u till' li:,'lit I ,1 hull' i.MT ll>t,lllt tlllri'- (S. |t»^ W.). "<■" i;. ' rmiii U\ <■ jihI mil'- In' li.ii liiiciN llolMlll ll li\ ;| I .1 null' tliiMl v !■' I iiiinuti . i>taiit a little iM'.n IN iiir, if "I i: ill.ist II rlnl lit tlic litri'h Iri'I 111" I'lillll. I III tiiill li'i'ii liilli i| \ aiils 'III r.ilii\ Nil. hill'. mI pl.li I'll nil :.ill;i-t I'uiii! lie ipiMI Ills '.■•.1I..II N,i. I lnl 111 M \ to liij plai'i'i! Ill ll. I loin II li-.ii'iiii .No. ■_' .i'i'|i III iiiiij' III li.niil. II |il.ii'i'il ill III It rii'.H'iiii .t null', ami III jil.M I'll III lllMlli- lIllS liraroii ilii' liiiltniii IS lian- .It \»\\ wator. I'"riiiii ii lii'a"oii N,i. | Iumi-s sniiilnM.,i .S\V. . i|i,i int out' h. ill' null , ami Hi'.Hoi. \.i, I l>iii> >.iiillmi'^l hill' \vii>t S\V. \ W. , ili^laiil mii' ami oiu'. i|iiai'ti'r null'.-.. Iliinin Vo. .".. — 'I'liis H ,1 pilf hiiiiDii, ifitinixl III/ ,1 l,oi jutiiitil III, III. nil, till' i-iil .".. ami [iln nl in tiiiif I'crt til" water over suit niililil.x liotliiin mi ilir inni .sirli- nl' 1 1 liaiiiii'l. iii'ail\ o|i|i,.-.ili' I'.iMion No. ti. uliiili III' in t'loiii It soiitli li\ i'.i>l oiir i|it,iiii>i- east i.S, l.\ i:. [ r;.), tlisiant mii' t liinl of a mill', lira, on No, | lir ii > ,.iiitli siuitliwcsi (SSNV.), .Iistaiil tlirce i|ii.irti'rs ol' a imlf, ami is nraiU III I lll;,'i> Willi licii'iili No. 1. I'uiucit \'... 7 -This l«i a jiih- h,,i,,,ii. ,,;,iriii,l liii ,1 li,,r jinnil,,! 1,1,1,1., ninilliiliil ', ami plart'il nil till' |ioii >ii|i' ui' till' I'li.iniii'l III mm' ||.|.i „( w.kit omt soil uiinlils liuttom nn .i small slmal. I'roni '1 '■"•' > No. o Ifi'.iis wi'^t iiiii'ii-litli soiiili I \V. I S.,. iljstant line ami two tliiiil mill's, Uraeon No (!«i'>t li\ .soiiili on,. i|ii,iii,.r .soiilli iW.liy S, \ .S.j the .s.uiie tli.st.ii , ami I'oiiit Loiiia I,i','lit >oiiil|. WiSl lllll'l' .|l|.ll 111 S Mllllll .S\\ . ,' .S.I, /.iifr.Di. -A ,\iii,ll<- lull li,it,,i,i, ,i;msi;l Inj hminls juiniliil r,,l, |,,,, Immii pl.ieeil on tile ^olllli sliide oil rnnta lie San l''.^te\ .in,' in t'onrtei'ii leit nl' watir. .ilimit mnlw.iv lietueen I'.e.ii'ons No. li ami No. 7, ,ihil almiii tun liiimlii'.l y.iuls (loin Hi., f.isi l.iml. 'rin. I'li.iiini'l lies iln, |i|- n. V\un\ it. Point l.oiii.i la-lit lie.iis soiithwesl Ity .sniilli hall' >,»iil|i .S\V. lis S. \ S., three ami a h ill' miles, l;,,l,„il .V.i. .S._riiis IS .t liilr liiit,;,ii. ,i;),riii,l 1,1/ ,i I,,,,- jLiiHliil i;;l, niniih, ii ,1 S, ami pLneil in till tii't of w.iti'i' on iiii. ^laili.ianl •.nle oi the elia I ..|V I'lini.i ile .S.m .Iimh.* I'mm it r,i.,ieoii No. 7 l.e.iis miriliwes! NW. ilixMnt luir ami niii'thinl mlle^. ,im| I'mnt l.om.i LiltIiI >oiilliui--l li.\ Miiiih (S\V. li\ .S.I. Ki'Noml r.eaeoii No. S the li.iy evpamU to iie,iil\ lun miles 111 unlih m,! the -liiii ihaiiin'l iiai riiu^.iml tli'i'lease> in ileplll ; lint ^ool w.ild em |„. eallleil to theeml 111' the r.ilil'o.iil wharl' ai N. It loll, 1 1 ('it>. Ihiee .iml ,1111' ihinl mih-s 110111 .S.m l)ie;r.» wharf, in a t;eiieral sonthea^i hv e.ist iliiee. tiiie. llieehaniiel keeps w ii hill a ipiarler or li.ill a mile of the ii.iilhiin ^linie. uhieh i> low, eiit li.\ tliii .' \.ire\>, ami hoiiieieil hy a Inoail low w.iier lii.ieh. 'Ihe eli.iiimi ti'i.iii .S.i : i>ii ^.,11 111 N.itioii.il ('il\ i> m.irkeil liy t,r,i ml «/i,u- /om//y mi il,,. vt.ii l.o.n ij liami (ill enteiiii;:* ami /TO ///m/V .v/jKc /iH.i//.s ahove them 011 the port Mile of 1 he rliuiml. Tin r,,l spar limi>s are in t weiit.x three feel of water, over samly Imtlmn. ami are pine,! i.i Li'.p \,.sm'1s el, 'ai- of till' Mllllll miihlle ;;li. 1111,1. The linvir /iii|,|, 'Ihe lippi'r /i/,l./,- sp.ir luio> is m luelity >i\ I'e,.: ,.f w.iter. o\,.i' ..in. Is lioll.iin, ,111, 1 I-, plai-eil near Ihe ei|;;e,if Ihe eli.uiiiel, nil i he month, if Lis ClioH.is ('re. k. .\ -^ho,,! inns i.f, fiinii the 1 tli of this eii-eiv to a eonsnleialile ill.!. II |!i'\,inil III,. >p.ir liimv s are ; S,,i,lk Mi, I, III ,jr "•'■" i:\<'ei,'lilli> ui'si ,S'A-. In \V. ^ W. ami the railroa,! wharf at N.itimial Citv .soiilhiast l.y eiM o piaiter e.iM (.S|;, hv |;. 1 |;.,. This wmihl pi.e ,- ih.. |„,„.,,„ ,.,„. aiiil mie- ei-hih miles smithiMsi one ,|iiai ler ea>t SI!. [ 11. 1 frni,, .San ltii';4o wharf. S.nlh M„l,ll, ,ii..,i,„l l:,„,„ii..~TUi-<\s A .si,,,/!, i,:i, i.,,i.nn,i;,ssi;l irilh h,„n;li au<\ /..-/„,',./ with n;l ,n„l l,!,uUi, 11-: :.,),t„l strip,. s. It is pi i.-eil .iiie -pi 11 tir ,i| ,1 mil,. iVnm th,. ii,,ii|i mhhi' m ivmU,. ami a half het of water to ni,iik a twelM-fn,,! slmal pmh nil the mmiih ,,f ij,,. v,i'l,\ of 1. is <'i,,i| as. \ ,'-s,'ls , Mil |.,l-,s 1,1, iilher .slile of ll, 1,1,1 Ihe .•li.,iin,.|s are emilraet,',! ; the depth e.in iml lie ;;i\e!i. as there have Ihtii imporlaiit i'h,iii;,'es .sinee th,' ,ilil ,Mirvevs. The folli.wiii;; lie.iiiii-s are .uivi'ii in the oilh'i.il li>t to l,i,'.iie this lieaeon: I'oiiit Loin.i l.i-lit- limise lii',iiiii;i .soiithwesl 1 1 \ w esl li \ ,• ei -hi ll s w.M (S\\'. 1,\ \\ . ;' W.). ai„i the ra;Ii,M,l u liarf at Natimial «';ly .sonlhe.ist halfe.ist ^SK. .^ I',.), .lisi.mt one ami thi.'e ipi.irler i.ille.s. This woiihl j. lace it one ael ,i half miles soinheasl l.y east half east ,.Si:. I,y !■:. A i:.i I'l.iiii the wharf at .S.m Die-o. r„,u„n .Ve. '.».- I'his is a sin„l,' ,„!,■ I„.,,„i, f,„int, ,1 l.:.„ !. .,ml |,|.„.,',1 ,i lutle ,.\ , r ,iiie ,piart,'r of ll mile troiii thi- mnih slime in thiileeii f,.et nf w.iur mi ihe muth snle of the ehiiiiiel ami nearly " iih't Miiiihi-.isiwar.llv I'rmn the North .Mnhlle -mnml I'leaeoii.aml i> t,> he left on the part liaml ill elilei nil.'. •Till- iiai II.' gIM-ll I.I tins l...illl nil ,,I,| ,Sl,:,|,i,l, ,|i:,,|s T2 rvcii ic (HAM- rii.or. 'I'll!' I'nilowiiiL; oII'icmI ill reel inns li,i\ c lircii |iulili>iic(| m IimmIc I Ins lnMi'oii : I'miil I oiii.i i,i-lit lioiisc west liy mhiiIi llin'c ijii.ii Iris sdiilli i W . li\ S. ,' S. . .iml tlif i.ulio.iil w li.iif a I NmIidii.iI ( 'iI\ soiitliiMst liy soiilli (Si;, hv S. . 'I'lii-. |il,irfs j; nciilv cine mile t'lniii llu' lailioail »vliait'. Hi.iKUl .\o. Id. — '\']\l-i i-i A xiin/li j/'H 1), !!■ til' ji./iuli-'l iiil, |il.iiiil III lliiilci'ii li nl' w.iin nil llir .son! Invest siilc (>t' llii' ciMiwitl .iiiil nil Ilii' imIl;!' of I lie mi'al ll.ils \\ liu'li I'Mt'lnl liniii' .sniitliw I'sl w.inl til tlu' iiariciw .sat'il iliiiic snip nl' lln' iMimisnla, It is in lie Irl't nii tlir slailmaid Mile in nilci iii^'. Till' nllii'i.il liic.ll inn ;;i\ cs I lie nc.ii 1 Iil: nC I'nilll l.niil.l t.i,;:lll Imii.si' \\ rst liv snin || mn. ,|u,| | t|,| .sonlli.W. liv S. I .^, . ,111.1 till' lanin.ul uliiifat N.iliniial City .sniillicist li\ cast : S I!. Ii\ |;... 'I'l,,., won 111 placi' it a IiMli' n\ cr ilui'i i|u.ii Iri s n| ,i nnli li mii I In' lailmail « Iiarl'. liiilnin \i.. 1 J. — I ins Is a sim/ir pile luiiinii juiin/t'l idl, |i|.ici-(i iii tliii ti'cii Irrt nl' w ,1 1 IT nil t jir west .siiit' nl I 111' c'lalilirl .lliii on tlli' I'lliri' nl' lln- ll.its Iiriiri' In I In- |i('iiKis||Li. Il ls|. ;„ |..|( ,,,| till' .-!:irliiMi-il shIi' Ml I'lili'iiii;;. li IS alMiiiNi iliiiill.N nil' I III' r.iilrnail wh.iif.ii N, 1 1 111', .1 1 ('ii\, ami ,i tiilli' nviToiii' ijiiarii r nfa iiiili' ilisiani lliinliniii. flii' (nllnwiii;; nlliri.il liraiiiiu's Inralr ii : I'mm I.niiia Ia;,'lii liniisi' wi'st by sniiili . \V. li\ S. . aiiii ilir railrn.n! ^Iiaif ra.si sniitjirast J')S|'..i. I'ji,. I'M sm\ rv uivi'-i iinifiri'ii liTt il'wairiin lln' rliaiiiirl. All of tlii'S(> I'.'arniis ap> jil.ii'i'il mi in-.ir tii;,'i';licr ami in. irk tin' rlnniii'l .sn pluinly flial ,iii\ riirtliiT sailinir ilini'linns may si'i'in .sii|)('rilnniis; Imt m ihi' alisi-in'i- nl' a ii.ii Imi- rli.nt siirrini't anj rnmlrii-ri! ^liii'ii s m.i\ In- iim'TuI .iinl « il! In. -iv m .iiiit ll iilsnh' .Sailing' I •imtI mns. AihiitiiiHdl l/./v In .Viiri';/((//,»».— lliiwcii ;!i,. hi,,,!, 1i.m(,,iis No,. ;! ami '. .i siii^;!,. pjj,. '• ili,ii>ii»i. \ ,S, ,,,,,1 \,,. ,; ,,.,| liciu'iiii lii'ars i'.i--t Iiy nniili mii' iiu.ii Nr imii h l!. !i\ N. ■ N.i Oil till" slall.n.llii M- Mill' rli.n.iirl. Im'Umtii llu' i,'ii l.iM, \n. C ,im| llm ir.l iliamnml iHMrnli, thiTi' is pl.ici'il, ill si\ t,., t of watiT. a simj!, pi!, •■ ,/,i„/,/,»., ni.s . " l.iMmii p.iiiid'ij /•,,/. |',,im il till' rcil lii'ai'nii N... i; luar-, sniitliwrsl hy ur-t m'M'ii im-IiIIis west i.'^W . \,\ \\ . _ \\ ;,,,,! s,,, -, 111. irk lii'.lnu! liiMls wi'sl tliii'i' i'i;;litlis linllli W. ;; \, . On till' iimt Kiili> nC tin' rlianinl nii Ih- i.L.' ni l>atili ll.ii. 1.,'turi'ii hknk Ihmi'i.hs N,„. .-,.,||,| 7. a ,s//,.//. ;///, '•iloiil,l,.,i,.ss" liiMinii p.iiiiti-il mi i- pl.i, nl m tiw Ini nf u.i|,t. I'mm it lil.n-k lii'ai'nll Nn. .-, l.iMis VMst l.y snlllli niir ipmrliT snii'i, U . !,\ S. \ .S. ami Nn. ,s, h'iI l.i'.U'i.li l.i'ais smitiii'ast li.\ I'.isi niii' i|,iaiiir I'.i^t i.-s|;. hy |;. j |; , Till' tollowuii; l.i'ai'ons CiiiUior iiuirk llio cpivin.- nf tl,,. il,,,!im.l w|„.„ appinai'liiti- .S,n l>if::n : .-• • ■ A »m/ il.iy lu,i,.„n i.lai'i'il a liiili. on-r on.' ami a half milis^.si U^ smith ..nr .'i^-hth Mniih (V . by S. 1 .•-., tiiiin Ihi' iinrihi'in pi.r nf ih.. niv ,>( S.iu Dn'-n. .,ml .i WmA-.l.iv brami, pl.„.,.,| mil' ami mn' imih inili'.- west finin the .s.iii,, pii-i. loM/.v'/i^,;m/.s„„ /*;,,;„ /^/viln.sni.ithi.i toi aiii-linra-i' tl. avmil snnthiMstei - nr in Mm iv- nl.ir.nniM'nf ImMimss. I f Inr tempmaiy amhnr, .'.. only, thev t,',. ,n as t.u- a^ I.a i'las , ,„,?,. nisiilo of Hallast I..,,,,,. T,,„lii., M's^l! , ami >ii.a,m.,. pa^s „itn tl„. U,, uu- ami .„,.. ^i^hlh niili •. in.si.h' Ha last Inuit In, 111. mu n|,ar,,.s ,,t .Sa„ 1 .i..,n. ,., ...vi,, .,ml a h.ilf nuh's f. ,l,.'i„l I wliait at Natiiin.il ('ii\. When insHle the ha.b ,r vesM-ls a,e p,;|eet>v safe: bet ..hl naM;:at,„. Uam- lepmUil ,|,„ '.' ; ^'■'•" ^•'■'''> "'"""■"> "•••"I"'' ""• l-ll- '^ "-ni l-.nm the ,.,ea. liehl ami ilMVe tl. ,1,., ,,., ,n siieh ma..., as In tmee vi.,..N,ni|,a. then- anehnisolV i.a n.na. ^S ,■ have mve,. km>.n s.mi, ....oe.amlilnub, , a vevsel «,lh pn.pe, a.linlinn ,.ml , | .,n,„.,| , .. kle .nnl,! ,i,„.,, ,„„n s„i I, -■anse. ( ..^ta,,,l^ tliiie IS mH ,,..,i.|, ..mMU'l, In,, -h.. uimi In raise a .«ell. ami ihe Iuik ..|..,im| ;;::::;:;,k::::::7;.:;':,:;'|:;:;: ^' -■ ""• ■ - -> -..-.■ ^ .'^Al' IM, Iill.l 1 riiiN.'^. Vessels n.min.rfrnm the mnthwest m.ike ihe ml:: ' Pnint l.nma as . \nn-' Wheliabnii, tuenn-tive miles .|,sta,„. T|„.. ,,,,,..,,,, ,, ,.....,.^, ,, ,,^ „^;,^_^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^__^^ ll.ll Inppeil jsl.iiicl w.ilil, il^ tlm Inn 1,,, „ m the ,in,the.i>l, ,,ml I,, ,h,. I'Merli. Falsu at Ihe nmlh liH..,.a, kelp liehl nirthe ...St. ,„,. , , Ul.is ..Iteaih been ih.,,, i ..,..! ; „ .,.., ^M...m..ks,he.,newl.e,.' llieileptho, wal.T i ha..... ,,..„. .mhh.nh f , ,;..„„ ,..•;; . 11 ll Ves.sels fnan Ihe mutll^a.il. ai,p,n,.,eh,n- the snuth eml of I'n.nl Inmi .hm,. .1 ... I NmIiiiii.i1 ( 'ii \ IkiiC. ■r \N.IIil I. II thr MilltllW I'sl w.ilcl ill' ill fliln III;,', nil mil' ijiiii ti'i :. i'.\ i:. . 'iiiK I' " .III I oil ill). •^ !• ;.. '-11 nil • •il ('ll.\ , illni ,1 iiMti' Il : I'.iiiii iHsi:.). Ti„. I IiikIi aiiil.v til. II .iii\ t .sill I met :iii,| ■Ili'li'<. Iiil ol' Wiitrf .ilnl Nil. Ii ii'il ' n.l iIi.iiiiiiihI •li '■"/. I'lmii \V. Mini No..-, MIS Nils. ."..iikI I'llllll II lij.ick IX'.UOII lllMl.s in.li'liiii:,' Siiii •■i;,-litli >oii[|i KMll'II |i|.l«ti| IT III tile II-;,' • i> .1, I'lii- mill' ' t htlillli.". -#■ L.-^. a l-i^lil lluiiHi', .SK. hv ."> "|||"il islainl II till- siilll II yy 1 Us \\i •■^Iri 11 m'l l\ to I, II till' nil 11 III Mlrlll !\ 111 J /^pf'\. •"^^ "ii''i«~''i'-1ijl-| lii^^i 1,1 * -"^WWu r.'llll l,olli;t l,l(;hl lloilHI'. N. ! \V . \m iiiilrN. 1?-^ i'olllt MtMlllflUP. Kalw lUv I'lkhli' I ^' ~^c^^' ..^<--f ■■i^?C!r.? .-■■ii ilimfii' MiiciritBili. K. Iiy S. ^S., ■> , 'ill' l.iw C.rniia.l.m Islu.i.ls, Mexico, NNK. i K, a* lo a mile*, G74 fee! hij;!,. ."> Tftlili- Mountain, y,344 f.Tt. Sharp I'e.ik, 2,5 I",.) iIisImiiI dtic nnr llic Ui'lji (III Mil' sl.iiliii.ir.l li.iiiil ill (•iiir iiml a liall I'.itliiiiiis anil iilniMt li.ilf ,1 iiiilr liiiiii till' ri>iiii. 'I'lii' tlni'i' I'.iiliiiin ( in\i' >iri'ii'lirs <>iii' tliinl nf :i mill' sdiitli iil' tlic I'oiiit ami li'av r-; .1 iiai inw laiir n\' (Ii'i'imt w aliT iiil uitii it ami I lie l\t'l|i. A tier iiilrriiiL; liii-i iiin'iiiii;^ in iIh' kcl|> stfcr lor till' lii'il liniiv uiitsnli' iln' liar, l>inu m ii;:lil aiiil a liajf latininis uf uatiT nviT >aii'l\ licilt'iMi Mini Ina.Nl niir lliiiil >iiiitli (SIl. \ S.), ilirrr i|iiailiTS cif a milf liiini tlir i-xlrcmily "1 I'lHliI l.iiina ami clcisc tii tiii' ililii'l nl;^i' iil llif kc||i. Sdiiii' stfami'iM |ias,s tliriiii;,'li ilir l;i-l|i iicirlli ul' lliis paiMal oprniiiu' ami t lirirlis run snmc II-.K, lii'cMn--r 1 Im ak. alirailv iliv^ri iliiil, i> ii|mitiil iii>l iii>iiii' tin ki Iji ami licai in;; aliniit \vl•.^t till inartt'is Miiilli : \N'. ,' S.j diii' ami din' iinalliT niilrs lidintln' l,i;;lit. A^ SI 1(1' I as tin- rxtiriinlv ul' I'liinl i-diiia is [lasscil, and wln-ii iifail.N 141 to I lie licll limiv diitsiik' Ihi' liai, ilii' lull;:, lii\\ liraili III' ^liiiiuli- riiiininu liallast I'oinl is (i|ii-m'i|. 1 Kiiii till' lii'll liini\ Iwddllnis III line lie, i(s|iccti\ cjv , nn tin' mitt'i' ami iiimr t'd^t'S of tlic liar. Till' ('('/(»■ J//I'/ (7/'i»H»7 / lllldNS I N. Iiy I"., i !•;.) ti\ I' I'lulitlis mill' ili-tanl Iriuii 1 lir licll limiy, .iinl tlii' iiairr mi N. ,> N.i Id i^ii llirdllj;l| tile •ntraiiie 111 (lie (lee|ies| water, .iiiil .1 little ejuser In Hall.isl rmiil I I'laii tii /ii|ji;;a I'liint. o|i|io.site. 'I'lie elialinel lielweeli (lie lailiiim lines mi eitlier siile is less (liaii one iliiiil of a mile liroail ami Ills a ili'plli III' .ilidiit six t.illidiiis in it. Willi tlie least swell mi, tlie lireakers slmw tin- pnsi- lldll ami I'Mi'llt III' the /lini;.;a Slid.il. .Sleel- ImliUy lor I lie eliliame, W liele llie ilejilli is ten I'-ltliolllS til r>.ill.ist I'liint ,iiiil t'liur tatlioin Id /,iin ''.1 I'mnl. II a \essel eiilers t'ldiii the westwaiil .i-uiinil the siiiilhi'in t.iil ul the kel]! liilil stletehin^' dlV rmiil l.mna .she .sininhl h.lill eluse limler the e.isteril t'ili;i' ul' 1 he kil|i nil a nnrlh |i lit' east (N. h v..) 1 iilllse nnlil the hell limi\ is le.H'heil. .iml lirmeeil as alid\e (lirei'teil. \\ ,1 M'ssel enter Iroiii the soiitliw.inl she shniihl w.irU short laeks uiiilei the siiiiiheni shore null! she ui'ts to the leewal d eil^e ul' t he kelli lii'M a'nl a- near as I If II 'Ileal lie to point l.Miiia, kee|i- in;; elear ol' Ihe Ziiiiua .Shoal. .\ steamer mas head direeilyloi I'mnl l.mna until ii|iuillitlii' liar liiioN s, I'liiiii the liell liiiii\ a Vessel may |iass on i'ither»siili' of the oiiler and inmi mid eleiiiiiel Imoys mi .1 norili In east mi ■ 1" /lith e.ist eonrse, Imt in Nessils ol deep iliaii;;lit seek the liest \saler liy lea\ in;i these liiiov s a I mil I 'iii h 11 ml I id \ .mis mi I lie pm I hand, as aliov e diieett'ii. III sail'ii;; vi'sst'ls, diiriii^. siinimei winds, keep ,is i'lii,e in I'.iint 1. 0111. i as the ilraii;,'lit of tlio \essel will permit and keep c lose mi ll e.iiiiid Within a sliip's |i'ii;,'th, witii a .mil lip III ll.ilLisi I'll! Ill, III) w hii'ii rmir I'.it horns e. in he \i'i,\ stioiii,' enrieiil mi tl Iil> ami ilood tides, the roriiier Sel t 111'' d\ el !ili' /. niid'a .sjHi.il It h.is lieeii said til, 1 1 a fiiek lia\ 1114 I'Ht li\ e ul' s;\ leel ul Water 11 pmi ii lies in the eliaiiiu'l be- I weeii the li.ii and ILillast I'mnl, its positimi m.iiked bs a ;i,ileh of kelp, w liieh is torn away in II I;;!! we.ithei. The |iiliil liiial I'niiini leporled lia\ iii^' slnn U upon it in |s."il. I'he t'\''miiiations III' the <'oast SiiiAey lia\e developed no sneli daii.u'i'i'. 'Hid as neither ii.iviLrators nor recent pilots hive Imind this mek the report li.i^ been iliseiedited. The Hotel del Cmmiado, on I he neean beaeh. is a line lamlinai k. espi'iiallv lor small eoastiii;; Vessels emniii'' lloin llie soulhwaid .illd keeping lie.tr the slime. The leiiLlth ot the ll oiit.i'_;i' oil the die. 111 |s I'mil liillidlid and lilt\ I'eet. 'I'l le jii'i'-ht ol the III nil liiiildin^ riolitinu the se.i is lillv I'eet ; thi' lieiuht of Ihe lower at the southeast aii;;le is one liiimiied ai d t .veiily leet, and tlieie is all eleetrie liuhl at the top. limn Ihe lower the lolluw ilii; beai lll'^s .iml dlsLiiiees are ;,'i\ ell to piiiminelit olijei'ts : .-<. ;tH; \v, Till' « 111 ..ill ii>; till. IV . 'liii' I nil liii'.y (till' line inKwiiii; nviT lln' l.iil (if I lie /iiiii^a ."'ImuD. . .<<. 17 W . I, mill' :i= null' Till' oiilllllirillllilst |H>lllt ul' llll' l.iilllU .^. I'll! W. t' llliloH. rill li;;lil 111 iiisc nil I'mnl l.niii.k ."< I * \V. :i( mi lei. Till l.nvi st I 'iiiiiiiail.i isti't 's. I-;. IT ill' I'lie t'l'dirrapliicii posiiioii ot" tl leetrie li'^li' mi the smilheast tnwer of the hotel, as j,'iveii l>v the I'. S, •■'•la.st ami (li'dili'tu' Siirvev, i.s Lllilllllle .. I,.itii;iliii|i' Or, III uiiii' 111 1;! 7 Iiiiilli 117 III VMSl. -I-' i:!' 24 I'ACIIIC ( 'iA> I I'll.cr. /«.vH ,• S.nlii,'' 1"'" ''-"I'l. >tr,-v a rouis.. norll.w.-st l.vuorll. li;.ll iiuilli >N\N. \<> S '. v., l... Unvr ., Ins.. I a nnlr l.. I.,. I'Im> ;i, Krrpin.u til.' black lu'ioy m.irkiii- I'..ill.i.-l iV-i.U Slio.il. ;iimI tliir,' ,•l;:hlh^ ..t\i nnlr ii,m,1.- iI,,. immiiI.o.. yw IM.rt liail.l. I'lils 1m|..v uiU !•.■ al I one . i,-iitli of .l inllr iiiM.lr \..m .•..iil>.'. If iniiMiiliii- li> aiiclior ulV l.i i'liv a. i-oiili \.>ur cuuin,- hi 111 till' I w ci It t.Tii ll.il> .i:r in lan-.'. .mu aii.lior iii .i-lil I.' Icii fallM.in^ ol vn airr ..v n >li.k\ botliiiii. Km It 1...1IIM1 np 111. '.Mv. cliaii-.' .\..m .-..iii^.' wli.ii IIm IhnI Iuo M'I li.aiM.i,-. N,.>. 'J aii,.v .mi .■ijilli. ra^l (N. b.N V.. : I- . «1h.1i l.a.U iMi,l«aN 1,-|«.ti, i.-.i n.M.'i.li Nu. •-' and Mark l'.rac..!i N,.. .',; mn |,aM lln in uiilil llir s.toii.I tuoi..l Imm.mmi- . No^. I ami 111 ail' III lan^T. wln'n \oii u i!l l>i' al>iia>t nl liLnk I'.cac ni No. '.. ll.sirr tlir tlal- .Ml iillic T M.lc "I ili.- clianii. I aif Mi.\ .•\t.ii>.\ c. \Mlli (Mia>ii>iial i)alc li<'.> I'aiv at !('■ wati'i. I'loiii aliica-l el Mack r.raion Ni'. :'. .-i<'i in.illica.sl \'\ n.-illi Nil. 1>> N. diifct for Mark r..'aciiii No. .".. on liii' ii.ni ,-.i,lr oi ilir .li.innfl. lor a lilil.' o\.i ilii.-.- .|iiailri- oi .i mil.-, or iiiilil ml Hcai-.iii No. (I and Marl> I',,. iron No. 7 t-oin.' iiit.i i .iiiu''- Hn^ .om-.-will |m--. i.'d r.ci. No. 1 « ii Inn iiii('i'ii;liili ot .1 mill'. Nou cliani.r \oiii coiiim' ami -icir nonli(M>l I In re i|n.ii In s im-i N1!. ; I'.. Tor li.ill a milr i|.,i.s-.in- nii.lua\ l.rMM'ni M.nk i;.M.on N,. .•.ami i.-.l |;,Mr..n No. t; iiiiiilnil l;.-aroii No. il i- n, hark lanu'' "ilk I'oint I.oina l.i;ilil lioii>c. Then sl.'.r ca^t half lioilli !•",. \ N. loi thr M.n k I'.r.iroii No. 7 toi tlucc (|llalll■l^ ol a niilr in >i\ f.itlionis of u.itn. a lill'a' lo tlie >oiiI hw .ii.l of nml ili.iniiel. \( hni llic m-u inl luMcon eloM' illiiliT till' ta,.^! land of tin- south .slioic will Im' .seen. Keep mhh r.iiiis.. iiiilil llil.-. nevx ud lnMioii i.s ill raiij:«' with Toiiil l.oina l.iiilil house li.'arinu' soiitlnvesi la sonili hall' south (S\V, |p\ S. i S. . TliiMi rh.inue to ea-l \'\ Muiili h.iir >oiiili ,1',. Ii\ S. h S.i loi- mie ami lime uiiai tei s niile> i.i the uh.n ves at San l>ie;:o. ( tr. ir hound lip to National Cilx u liail'. in^le.id of the I,i-| ionise sleei ea-t sonlhe.isl .MS I'.,) for toiii mile.- to the elid ol llie u h.llf a! Nalloli.ll < 'il\ . I'.e\ oiel iril I'.i aroii No. s. \Wiieli 1- ahrea.^t of ,iml a lilth- he\ oiel the S.in 1 lie;;!! \\ haiVes. the (h.lllllel loiili.e i.». hill the 1,1-1 ei\ hi'.ndii'd .iml lifty v.ilds t;oin Ihe shore. Wilh eio>-|H.ii!. .I'oii-.side of wlinh M.»el- can ieadil.\ inn. Tlie N.ltional < 'i|\ u h.il t' is el^lit h II lull ed > .lids kill;;. Cliilidlil Ki-yf I'l' r.iilUi\t /''■nit .s.'e.il/. — This has .illiadN heell llielitlened lllldel Hall.l.>l I'ollil Shoal, it has hteii leeoiiiiiielided thai Vi >-t « .lid of the I'lilhist Toinl Slio.il oil the duet I euiii>e fio In the en I ram e at jlalh'.sl Tom I to I. a I'l.iv.i. hut p.i-s to the we-.lu.ird of It .Hid illidel tile h!:;li in nil slioie. Thi. dc-i.tn of w.ilei Is ;:iealir in I Ins ehinml tli.iii on Ihe diieel cuiirse ; hut I he eh.iiiiiel li.i.s :i\er.\ sharp till 11 and IS haiels o'. el one ii;:lil h of a 111 lie w ide. 1 1 i> not a\allalile tor 1 ll;;e s lilillt: \ esvels with the Mini llier w imN ; ami lor l.ii ^e ."-hMniers ii iiei'essit.ites two \ ei \ sh.n p eli.in.;rs in their eon i -.e w heie the t ol li.lll.ist I'oint. ii;ll-,t ihan::e hel 4oii|v(. to u e>t h\ iioi ih I W. h\ N. . -o a- lo p i>- e|o-e .ii oiiiid ll on tie- pol t li.tiid 111 he oi ele\ i n f.tl hoiio- of ualer, 1 1,1 ill-.! I'oinl 111 lis I he hui;::ed eloselv , hee.iii-e I lie l.iil of the --ho i| i- la el do» n w II In I le>- th.ni one ei:.;hlh III' a mile I i the iiiiithu e-1 li\ lioiih .N\\. h> N.ioi ll. Knn on ih.it eoiiive ahoni one lil'l h of ,i !iilh. until the hi. nk llaov No. 1, lu.il kin_' ihe -ho.lle-l u.nei. i.- t lit lie .iImII the .-'lai ho. lid he. nil 111 hiMlllli; lloilhe,i-l I hue .pl.il tel s liol th N 1'.. ,' N. ; I hen ill.lli;^e I he eoiii -e lo iioiih h\ \\i.-t half West (N. h\ W . ' W . . inninnu lliniii^li tin. iiiriou Iml deep ehaiiiiel hei^eni the sho.il Mill the >hoie Willi lime fathoin-. lit' u.iiei. .\fli r p.i--inL; ihe hlaek hiiny haul ;,'i.idn all.N to a IIOI 111 eon: >,. inilil the Ilisf tun led he le.m- ' No-. •_' .ind laie inline; then eolitinnc hetUeeli tie' led and hl.lek heaeoii- a- lei i|o|oi r dlleelid. ihe linled Sl.ite.s li,i\e repotted III lavdriit loeatiii;; the (iDViTiiiiieiit <(iiai. inline .siatum on llie .slinre jii-l iiiiitlnvanl itf the jioint at I.. I l'l,i\.i. I'lir the lei^lllat io||s of I he-e ( hiMrnilielll sl.lt ioii .. >ee liot'ee 1 1 lid el Sail I "la lie i sen. I'Arll'Ic CoASl' I'll.ol'. '-'5 riT a ciMirsi' l.\ il, Krr|i|IIJLj Mill, nil \ mil' ih'i'il\ nil I llf i'\cr stiik\ '-. ■_' ,iiii| I i < I VV ICIl II (I No-. I ,ih ll.llc •I lor M.ic k >r Mill li ii'il '.iron Ni.. I li.iir :i null' n Nil. tl Is III ' III a mill' III M ,111111 clii.sc > Iril Ill'.ICilll l'.\ S. \ S.). til< liulrs III lit 1^1 ,i';si:.) u h.ll \is, Ilir .llilii'l Is Well t. .Il>nli| iii>i IM-.S !all;ts| I'liiiii ■; il 111 w aliT II ji Ini II ami :ili I hi' Slim mil sc u III ii. 1' llll I Mill S|. MM l.illmms |i'« II V* lllll I lliat ruiiisi- Ir aliall II,, 111' IIMII s,. 1,1 lll'l lll'l \N 11 II li.iill ;;i. lllll '11 « iiMliiiiic ■"l.iti'.'' Iiavr iilint ml III II hi .-- \ I S \N KiKlid. (;.' lll'l al iiMiiaiks 11 1 Mil I llll' iialim- 111' I In' liilr-i will 'n' ■.'Im'Ii w Iu'Ii iliscii.«:,siiiu' I Ik' tiili'.K at S.iii I''i'aii( isi'ii. Till' ( 'ui I'd 'I I'll Ksialilislimi'iii iir .ill mliTv al liil uciii ijii' In if liic i n's tr.iii.sii ami tiic liiiifol' liijili water a I 1-a I'iaxai-i !.\'' .W '. 'I'lif iiiraii i ix- ami tail nf liilcs is tliii'f aiifl .si'\ ciiii'iillis I't't't. Ill' ■■'jiiiii;,' tiili'-< li\i' l'''t, iiiiil III" Mi'.i|) tilled twii ami llin r Iciillis In ! ; till' iiiraii (linaliuii nf tilt' lliKiil is li • L'.r ; 111' llll' I'lili li ; ami 111' I III' ,slaml tf' .'!l>". 'riii- a\ era;;!' ililli'l'iiiri' lirl uicii tin' ('(ini'cli'il r'.stalili.sliiiii'iit 'if till- a. in. ami |i. in. liilrsur tin' .s.iini' day is !' •_'!•' I'nr lii.uli w.ittr, ami l''ti" fur liivv w.itiT. Till' ilillt'lrlici"^, xviii'li tin- Iiiiuiirs tli'cliiiat imi is ;,'r('al('s|, arc L"' I " ami I' .'iii , ii's|i('riiM'l\. Till' aviT.i-i' i|i'l«'ii'iii'r in till' lici;;!it ol' tliisc I 'mi t iijis is nm' ami a li. ill" reel (tir I lie liii^li uali'is ami f«'> ami kiic Icntli t'l'ct I'nr tin- inw w.iti is. When tin' immir.s riMl< ^t iiiiilli / 1.. till iti'nt .•.mill il M ; .f /' If K .kI :. r. :i; \ii\ e, ami the Inw w .lll'l' M'\ I'll I I'll! lis III' a 1. ml Inw ei . Sti\l> I'l'l, s. — .\| the lniiiili"s tirst ami 1 ist ipi irleis ihi- |ii'_;!i u alers u ill lie si'\ in leiil lis nl' .i ('.Hit Inwer I li.in ;;i\ ell In the alin\ e t.ilile, ami lilt' Inw W iler will nnl fall IS Inw li\ si'\ I'll I en I lis nl a ln.>:. Till' in.ireli nftlie title I'l'nin the h.ir tn the wli.iil'at Sin l)ic'_'i> a\ er.i:;t's lil'lii'ii miaii'.'s. Imi is siili|iet ti> i.,'re,il iri'i':,M'l'"itii's, prnlialily nii aernint III' w iml ami >well. I. 'ill- mil iinil l.'iiiiiiliili 111' sl.ilinns i:i Sin I ln-^n r..i\ .— Tin' |iiiiii.iiy .is| rnmiaiie.i! si. 1 1 inn nl' I lie t'n.l.sl ami ( ieiiilelie Sill \ e.\ is nil I he Iniiml |n|>|iei| hill, nlii' linmlreil ami lllliel \ I'niil lei'l ill;,'ll lllll I i|n.ir:er 111' a mile wesi siiiithwcst iif l,.i l'la\a. Its :;en;^I .l|illie il |iiis|I inll is : l.ilitii'li- :i'.' II :.- II iiiirlli. l-"i'«:tiiii" ti: tl i: •.' wi'st. I Ir, 111 liiiii- 711 !• .'.s .- s The ina;,'nctie. variation was !:! .'iS' rast in ls.S"i, with an annual increase nl" r.."i. This statmn is also a lienell inai Iv I'nr the Inn;,' .series nl' tiilrs nhserved here. 1 llf lt'le;;ri'|illit' .1st rnlinili leal st it mn nl' I lie ( 'msI a ill ( l.'nilel ie .'siii'\ e\ in .'^.lli I >;e4'n» 1 s nii tin- ■ In I7i;'.l llll- I.ilitii.li' ..I "S.in |ii. .;.> at I lit' i'iltii|i tin ii|iu'il l.y lli.' ii\ .'ilaii'l i'\ p.'.lili.m " » as il.'Ii'i'ni ii 1 ti\ I'.'ii Mh li.liI {'ulist:ili/ii, ill.' i'l|._'lMri'l' 111 li.n . (i:is|i;ir I 'iil'Nlla't i- \ jn'il ll l.ill, ;ls :l'.' II ll.illli. m^^ 2f! r\(iric (<'\>-r riiDi. brow ..(• Ill,- phlt.MiI :iIh.v.' Ihr I..U1,, mmI I ll.'l .hM I^Iiv I 'l'"^-' ""■ >•«>■•" "I" '' •' of As), aii.l S.'vruil. .-iivHs. mihI iH,ul>r,l 1.^ .. luirl> \; :i • I ; HI. .1 II, mil. l.atiliicli- 1...m:;iIiii1i' ■ 1 M. til liini' Tl.o iM,..ui.clic.l,M-liii:.ti..n ohsm-Mlal tins sl.i'i .n in M.iv. l-H. "■>- H I'iT.M I. "iMi :>n ailllll.ll iilcHMx' of'.' .."•"•. ''Ill tlli'H- w i> r\ it|rlill\ !<» .il .lUr;li'l Tli;s>I.ili>'ii li.is 1 H iiM'.l .1^ liii' -t.iilin- pniiil I.T all 111.' l(>n-ilihl.'> .il.-iiu tli«' '":">> oC I.ou.t ('alirmiii.i. Til,' fomitiy aioiMi.l .s,i!, Di.-n 1". i.v tor iii iii> uiiIin is a •:i.'al iiMr l.in.l ,il I ihirr iMin.linl iiiiil liflvtV.t a!>ov.-lli--.HiM,aii.l rut iij' iii iii.iii\ I'latr-, l.y .l.r|. aii.l -liai (. ai lov,... I lu^ lal.lr laii.l islooiuivli.'tl lornillivalion.an.l.ia i I pl.i.'..^. t..o flrvatr.! |..r ii ri-al loii. In llir tixci I.oiiomi and aloii^' (lie valleys ol llic smallrr >nvaiiis tin' soil i,s mli ami -nnai. Tla-pcat tliau'lia.U al>oiil Sui Di.'^'o I'.ay i-i lln- Man il\ ol Ti. >li wat< r. \vlii.:i is olii.oiird iVoin wells. ili.Miv.T. ami .sm. ill sinaiiis. In Iv.l an rlloi t w.is mail.' to ol.l.iiii a .siii.|.l\ al I.a I'layahy siiil.iiiu' ail ailc-iaii \vll. I'lil all.'i- i.oriiu' m\ liiiiuln'il ami Ilnilv Th.-IitI llo' allriii|il uas.iliaii .loiu'il. .\l.ouI III.' s, mil' tun.' a similar altfmi'l ».i-s iiM'1«' a! S.ui |)i«-o. aii.l aiiotioi iii !>: •; now it is |'io|ios,m1 Io I'liiiLr til'" watiT fio;n Ihr lii-li.T i.ail.sof:lit' San I)i.'-o \l\\,\: Tlu'a\rr.ii:i' I liii fall al .^aii Dii'j" lor liiiil\oin' yrarsnas iiiiifaml a li.ill iiu-lics : ami diiiiii;: till' loiiu' di\ .si.isoii till' livi'ilosrs ii-ill'iii tlif s.iml, and llir iiiliaiiit.ini.s at ti rold toun ami alon- ili.TiviTl.oIt'iniarc tlicu .■orapillnl toilij,' in ifs ii.'.! lo olitain tli.'ir Mii'i.lv of wai. i. To i1h-uiii1.i ol' I'^T.i Iliiivli id I'nn no wal. r in tin' livii for a pniod <•( ti . <• > .ais. ronsii|Ufnl upon tin' piv\ imis dry \\iiiIiT>. Til.' fwllowiiii: taM,' f\lii!'ils 111.' iii.an iiioii[li!y rain f.ill al San l>ic-o for tliirl\ one ycurs. up to jss; : SllUIIIlrl : .luiH* . . . ,Illl> ... .•\ii>;iih| . . ''. "* .. I'. Ki M. .1:1 Inrl.. " Willi, r: |ii,i iiiIhT , . '.'■-'" .I.iiiiiuty -^ 1 . .*»* r. Iiriiurv I.'.'T AuliiMin: .S'liliinliiT ".mi (I. loll, r ". ■-* NiiviMiili.r 1.11 I .:■: I'. :n Avfia;,'!' iiiiiiiial r..in fall fipials '.I.."i iin-ln's. The town of Sill Dii'-o* lias iiiiriMx'd in si/,-. vMMJili.and |iopnIation, and a new town, naimd •' National <'ii\." h. IS i'lcii IiidIi nplliir, miles >oniii« aid, while the old ^>^^n 1 . ■mains nuieh the saiiiU as ill |ire\ lous ye.il s. 'I'he popiil.ilii'ii lionlelin;; upon the l>a\ . .leeoidiiiu; lolhe eeii>iis of Isso, w.is heaily ;!,iMiH. Inii « iih the railroad eonneelion now iiiiule at ( olton with the {•real ■^ellellle of tlie .'>onthein I'aiilii' the eoimtiA is \i'iy ripally liHiii;,' up. ('oiniiinniea'ioii witji San ri.iiHaseo and lli" hoithein orwilidwaid jMirts is inailil, lined liy steamers e\ery Ii\eda,\~, and li\ le^iilar lines of .--ailin;; sesseis. When iNliiMir a-oiiines a imne liraetieal .shape t!ie hai'oor ot' San i>ie^o wdl lie all ililpoitalil port therefor. Alread\ -evei.il small eonipanies ai e en^jaiT'd in lie' uhaliiiL,' liiisilie^s. 'ihe vateis in Ihi.s \ ieinilv alioniid wilh the ••( 'lli torn i.l tire \ >."' u hi. h ale \ , ly 11 onhleKOIlie to (leal with unless the 1 10111 II la nee IS Use, I III killiii:,' them. San 1 >ie.L,'o It.iy ".is ili~eo\eied !iy .In, in iJodi i^'Ue/, Calnillo. a I'ol i ll;;ilese in t he sei'\ lee ot .'"'p.llll, in .'■^eptellllii 1, 1 ') i..' ; e.illeil j'.l I 'iti'I lo de .-^an \1 1 .: lie! . ,i ml pl.ieed I >> luill 1 II l.l 1 1 1 111 le . ! 1 '.'i> north, .-iiow III;; ihe impel leeihni ul'the in>triiiin'nls ami the modes of oh^erv in;; in those d.i\ •■. lie found ^le.il nilinlieiN of Indiuis heie, who ieeei\eil liilii liospilalily , 'iiil with eailtloii. It le eei\edils present liatne tl'i'll Si li.l.>l l.lll \' i/e.iMio. W ho >iil'. e\ ed 11 III No\ellil>er, I'ln:'. <>li Ills ehail he ll.lS called it •• I'mrlo liil' no ile .->. I»je;;o." It IS usually s.iid tll.ll theie w .is a ;rreat foie-1 ol o.iKs alnl other tiees on (lie iioithwest viile of tlielia\. This IS a mist, ike. and il has e\ideiill\ ari-en fiom a mi-lraesjation ot t|ie wonl "innlite." The llioiile of Vi/eaimi is Ihe elev.lted rid'^e of I'ollil l.oiii.i. whieli proteet> I he pol t fr ai the liollliwesl uimU, and on whieh his ollieers found a ^re.it de.il of Mood of e\ ery;ii-eii o.ik •Koriiifil} kihiwii lit, .Ve« 'I'on 11, lln-ii .\r« .san I'l, •;;,,. uinl tin n Smnli S^iii llii'j,;,!. I I'ACIIIC C'.iASI I'll.iiT. 27 .11 I ll Mlll'l 1^ : ■Ml,. . «i '■■' I. s\ r.\i :iii l'.l>l 111 \.n\\ II I lllri- llllllllli'il I lll^ l.ll.lr I. mil ■iMI ll.illiiiii 'liliMH i| llMIM I" 1.1 l'l,l>.l l.\ ll|il VV ,1S .ill III III l>; ' : iMiw '■^ ; :hii1 iIiii iii^' I'" n .iiiil .iliiiii; I'l" tliv \\ mill >ll I III' |i|i\ inlls ' liir iliiM \ uiif l.'.'T II. :■.> (Mil ami 111 iirl I irr-i. .mil ^lil nil-:. I'll HI I I III- --ll III III it III' •• I'll M I III 1 1' " lIli'N 1 1. II I a \ ii'W 111' iTli-i ;,Mrat 1m \ . wliM'li iiriilfi'li'il riiiiii .ill wiinU. Ami lliis iiil:^i', ul llii-t'i- l('.i;:iii's liiii;; ami hall' a li'a;;m' wiil. . IkiiiuiIh ilii' liav to till' iMiitliui'.si, ami mi I In' nt liii >iilt', tnw aiils llic iim t li wrsl, I Immc isaiintliiT ;;iiihI |hii1.* TIii-^ l.illri' is l''alst' lla.\. La I'l'ioii-.!' 1 111 I 7"^7 I y;i\ i"> a i'ii|i,\ nC an l'jii;lis|i iii,i|i uC ."^.m I tii';;ii. nl' I 7>'_', mi u Im'li mi naiiir IS as.>i;;iii'il In tin' /iiiiii:a Slmal, I ml tlx' slin.il iiisnlr ll.illa-t I 'miit .iml nmlii i In' la.stii n •■Inni' |> calli'il " •'~ali.\ in|ilr. In .laiiii.iis. 1 r>'.l, |imIiIi>Iii''I .i i'ii|'.\ 'if a .S|iaiii>li iliait ul' Sin iMi'^^n, ul 17sl', No ii.iim' i> altai'lii'il in it , I ml il i-' in iiki'il ■■ takmi Inun S|i,mi>li iiiaiiii>ri ijiis." 'I'lii' i'\is|i'iii'(' I if a liar at I In' fiiiiami' uf t hi-; pm I u is ilisruv ciiil liy \ .iinim\ i r in I 7;* >, ami III ll It ii'i^ill;; till' lil.ili 111 tlir li.iili'ii li'llili-'hi'il li,\ 1 ).ill \ inpli- ill I7'>_' III' li'ni.iik-.: Tills |il:ill. Ill jiiiilll 111 iii||itII|.ih, is jinally I'lllnliil In IllUrli |i|;ll-.i-, lull was M'l lajHllili'. as lar iisr.lllli' llliilrr inv I'lisirv.iliiHi. Ill' llii' filling 111'^ lillli' iiii|ii'iivi'iiii Ills : Tin' si rilf ii'|irisiiiiiiii» \\\v naittiral inilrs sli.mlil mily miIi- tniil lliii'i' mill's ami a hull ; llii' slmals ul' llairus i|.' /."miih i. lliiiiii;!i -.m'I! jil.niil, iiisii i.| i.l Imihu i-.mi ilishiirt hli'ials iiii);lii 111 luiv" lii'i'ii OIK' I'liliri' sIhuiI, slii'ti Inn.; siiiiiiIIiIiil' rinlln-r In lli>' imi i li\\ . ..i anil sniillirast lliaii is tlnTriii ii'|iiisi'iili'il ; .iinl lip' s.iiiiii|iii;;s In- 1 with It ii I'ls dr /,iiiiiii);a ami I In l.iml nl I', ml a ili- l.i l.iiiii.i i will' li is iiiinlli'ili .ir« 11 M'l |iail. Iniiii iIh' sn'illi ixt ri'iiiil v "■' III.' lui.ni.i iliu'llv .m H'ss In tin' lall' i. im"|'<' lliitii li'iii I illniiiis III lillli walrr, ami Icirni a liiirrmv liai t'r.nii tin' sln.u- t.. lli.. sl.n.il. ;^iailii illy i!ii |iiiiiii^ a~ «. II mi ili.- iii^icl.- i> mi llii< inilsiilc 111 till' liar, willi a niciilar nn'na.si' iii mil i h.inm'l I'lmn r.viv rlu-.!' l.i llir slicu . to im rallimn-. Iniwrru till- Ivvii liiu jinnils Ilia I Imiiii iIu' I'lilLtin " In tli.' jim I. . \'< (>nli,illa>t I'. lint, at iIicIi.im' ut'tlic I'uiii' l.mna i iilui', w n I'linml, m l^il.iln' i iiins uf lln- iiM S|i.inisli I'm t ilii' ilimis. \ .mriiii\ IT li.is ,1 \ ii'u lit' I 'mil I i.mn.i .mil i ln' I'lit r.mri' In San 1 >iiuii in lii> \ uliiim' ul' cii.ii I -. Till' l.iii'>l cli.iil (if San I»ii'l;ii \\.i\ is iliat ul' I'sSii, liy tlit' Cti.ist ami (i litii' Siiim'n. M'Kinilii- Ihiliiiiiliiiii — I'ur |^->."i till' liin- ul' I'ljii.il ina'^iii'lir ili-rlin.il imi ul' Imiiiiin il. '.^nis ca^l cuts t In' <'iia>I liiif in l.il it inli' ^!_' .'■_' ncir tin' licnl uf San I >n'.;u ll.i.s , .mil iiiu\ rs .iiiiiii.ill.\ one ami mii' li ill' miiiiiii's |u tin' iiurt li w.ii il. 'I'lic oi'ini.il ihi irt imi ui ilii-> Imr is \m'-,| suniliwr^t (\VS\V.) ami cast iiuiilii'a.sl illNI',. . Ihiji Siii .Siunnliiiiis III)' S'lii I'l'i/ii, — 'I'lic r. S. >Ii'aini'r I'lisi mm ll. in 1^7-! ami I's7l. r.ili t\M> I i Ill's III il('('|i sia >mi IK I 111 ITS truin San |)ii'L;u, mii' liiiii:; luwauls ami lii'_\uml i Im ( ui tcs ILink aiuiiml its simtln'iii 111;,')', ami tin' utlnr iliicrils tu ilic .sunt ll west. As IIh'.si' arc m.ilti'i-. u|" iiitcrcit tin; li'Niill.-. air liimlatrtl as lulluw.s : IAVr.\I;V •: \Nli 7 l-T*. •J. II" w town, iiaiiicil laiiis iniii'li III,. " I III' ri'ii^il-. III I' ;,'it'at -I Ill-Ill,. in.iiiit.iini'il liy ■■miiiu's a iiiuii' lliai|\ scM'ial ,\ aliiiiiml w ll ll am T i> Use, I III tin- s,.i\ II-,. ,,{■ ilitmli- .; I .'11 ill lliii>i- i|.i\ -,. .inliun. it i,> I'K'-.'. On Ins n 3 u 5 I'l.ir,. ,.1 s>>iil|,titi^. I ■'iii|>t't.itiir',>. l-nhi li.|.tli I ll N l.iiiii'. \V iiiilii,-i. 111. 11. Mil Ch.ira. I.T ..f Isill.ini. l/i'.« Kii'*..iii» itfj i'.' u iiv -JO :i :* ■• It) .I-.' .11 117 t: i.v. s» •> i;i 'M 3(1 . 117 '.'i ii.'j .-,; K 17 L' :■; 117 .-: ■.:» :,. n H ;ij :i:i 117 .-- ii>.7 .Vi ^ j: i'i 17 117 17 i,iiu :.»( s I'.l H l>l MK I.' MV, M I) T.'l I'J (HI I1-. 'Jii W ill M ll> 11 .V.l'. .Vl. li .■mi .'.II I liriiN nil. I 1.1.11-1. s,tiiil .1)1. ^;i.1i.-ii slii-lLs. n.trk iiiii.l. wall Itliu sallil. :\f I n.. >- .< 11. . k ii.imI S II i>.. :ili. .1 tiri'i i:hIi until. ........I UiH-k . tinil li..tH.-«ii IhiN .111.1 11. '\t -...iiimIiii. j :i-.'s I'.illiiiilis. s.in.lv ■I- H lll;i\ Miii.l. lill.- I.l.l. k -.|i. . k.->. ..h li ll.i. I l.tll,-, .-.u 11 I'll ;ii 'Ml 1.11 111 '.'. irr .".n ; ;;(in .11 m i.u Hi i. |7^ la (I ;iu ;.'i I'.'i ,1. :io m in ■> l,L'.| rti I 3u 31 ] va u ■j.ii.'-j I oil) xt.v .a « ' v.'ii.i.. i-ii I'I. .u It iiiiitt. 3:1 'I iii..\>i, 1..11.1. ,1. !) n... 2til II.i II IIK \ I'lLiulsli liii.uti iiiihI. U *J V. tli.WJHll hl.lUII IllUit itilll IHI/l> 11.1 iurlli«i'st siili- II uf I In- w,,|,| 't( rl s 111,. |„i| [ '\ i'l;,'li-(-ii II. ik ■ I.I ilia Mi^m'iili. ili's|iii,-s ,| i 4 M , mill 1, maml.. i-l (ii-m-uil I'm ra alj;iiiia ;;i-iili- .1 u-i i.nu- I i-i III! .\l.iiil,-. .|ii.' ii-s^Miiiil.i a ,-sl,' riii-rii, ,1,. \'i..ut,i N,iim-..l.-. .\ Im .1 .Mi.in / Alan > i-l Cii'ilaii l'r.;m-i.'. ,\ il r.-iilii' I'l.i Aiil'.iiMi ill' l.i .\m ,'iisi.i|i, I nil iii'ini All. alim-1 Ills ; li.illal.ni .11 .1 iiinciia liiia il. laniiia. ,\ i.l 1 .'^ .\i li.'l.--. '""1" '"'I' Xii.c. i nir.'s, .jii.' ^.- |.,ii,'. i.in ti ri i;.iiiii-ii), \ niras \. I I..1S iiiii\ i.il..nt'-i i~. \ -.iln.lil.l.-. 1 I M..iili-. >iui' i'H,-l I-l' |., -mill, '.->!.. I'm 11.1 |i.ir.i.-l \,iiii.-sli., ii.mli.i ll-,., I.^nasili- liirn ., \ im-,lia,li' Ainlm. \ il.- l.i nli-.i (Ml !.■ ili I N'liiin-slK di" I'Htf Miiiili' liay iilr.i lim-n I'liiiln. I •J.s r\t II ir ( "\-.i i'ii,.ir. in 1 IMIil I, 1 \M> W. IfT.I. 8! if !•!....,. I ...utul...^ ii.-- I .1 N l,.iitf \V Ii.|.il, iMMtH'i.ttnf 1 .l.r U»tiHi- |'.iti««" .Tj :'.' ii: it :'i lit >•. . . ■ ;if M m '. .1 nil !'■ iio i. :i im SI iia x: ■» nil M Mil ..J Vi> lil' 'o ICill .tj 1*J l-.O M» l.llJJ ;■•' .1.' II t.d m 1 Ku :•" " a 51 l-.o iia Ml f'T li |;t ii; (IK (J. »»a 57 iiiill(* »ttt lU 4i:. -°>» t •J,'. Ml" .IS* Villi>«» lm'»ll "'"'< i.l> . '.!• II vr. SOI' ;:.ii .Ml 5 ;ii» Ml " Ml .'.» " S« It .., I.M\ .Kill Mil It ''illill 117 1 Iitflit lit niii'l «ill> *"••*' * ,til 1 V.llim mil.) hH'I •km'I .ill ;> litJI MlQll * jn '^ \ I ill'* iiniwii mini ill. I iii.n i.l.ii'k Mtiiil. oiili iiiii< 2iitl 43 7 \ ,'lUm lironii imitl. :ri I lUnl l-lmli Mini. •> I I hi 1 1.. * No;tr I t»rit« ••li'irtl. 1A1..S1 HAY Till' iinitlii'in iilu''- I't' t)if in!j'- I'f r r I. .1. Ii.'iilirin;: mi tin- si-.i. ur.i-lii,ill\ i1imTim-m'> hi lii'i^iit to a l(i\\ >.iiiil\ |iiiiiit «liuli liiiuliis ilif l.i>l laiiil .\liii.i>t ill' llii^ 1 II. a lillli- umi a ( I Halt IT III' a mill' In iln' imilli. l^ tin- Miiitlu'iii tci iiiiiiatiini hI a Imi;,', lti« . iiairow liiir (if saml ilniics iiiiiiiiiiu tun mill'-. I.) il;i' iimtii li\ ui">l Id la.-r lainl. I'.cliuiil tlii^ liiu Nainl^ iiinin>iila, \ only tVniii "in- Iimnlrcil to two Iiiiiuln il .. aii!> w iilf. lies an rxtt'ii-ui' ^Imal lia\. i allfil I'iutI" I'also. nr l'al-<' Hay. It Hlri'trlns inlaml almiit \\\n ami a li.ilt' iiiili--i 111 till' I'Mii (ii till' liiL'li l.iiiil. .1:1. i iiiiiii' ill III iliiri- i|iiatliT-N I'f il^ ana i-. iii.iinIi .umI ll.tt-i. liari' at l^u ualri. llirli' i-. a \ n > iiai lin\ rliaiiiii 1 lliinuuli ll"' ''a\ , w itli I liii i- In mm ii'iin t'l'i't 111' watiT ill it, ami a lia>iii I liirf i|iiai!i'i>. uf a inili- in cvli'iil w illi In mi nin' tn tiii Int. Tlir t'litiaiiri' In lii';\\fii|i ;1k' nmtln: iiiimini pail nf t!ir I'miit l.niiia liil^'f ami tlii' saiitlv pt'iiiiisiila Mii'tcliiii^' tVniii till' iMU 111. \\ itli a liinail Imi iiinii- lliii; .; i|iiar!i r nl' a mili- mitsiili- lia\ iii;; milv tlirei- I'i'ct III iv.iti-r II] 11 111 It, ami tlic « iinli' uiillnn' mat knl with In a\ \ I'li .iKi r-. w Inn aii> nv\c'| i>, (III. It ran 111' iliiN^, 1 i,;i!\ ,il iii;;li WatiM' ill tlu' .>i|IHiii|llist VMiSllnl. 1 III' illtiam r lll>lili' till' 111 I' 111' Imakr: > i> a I mi 11 a i|'i 11 tii nt' a 111 iji* in « iilMi, vn il!i I liii tciMi t'fi't ni « atri in I lie ili-iiusi |i u I ; but i 111' \\ nltii iMtitrar! > t'l om- ri;,lii li nl' ;i mill- ai tin' iniirr cvticiiiit \ nl' tlir saml imint, \mI h a (ll'|illi nf liilii'Ifi'll lie' MiilUi'iJ nut. Till' ii.iiili |iniiit nl'ilii' ciitiamr !<• I'aNi' 11 i\ i^ i'liniiil li\ l(iv\ iiiiims .--aiitl diiiii's, ami i> iiaiiH'il I'nKt l/'./i/i(i.v, liiil nil IliiN ciMNt it j -^ t;i- 1 1 II a 1 ' \ uiittrii ^ll•,:allns. 'i'lir lia.\ lias III! iiiiiiiii t.imi' wliativiT. It nnu ri'ii'iv it- Ilii' waters nf the .San I» i';;ii l.'ivii, Whiill temls t ) sllii l! it stiU imile. il uaslil^i i ern:.;iii/eil- |i\ \'i/eainii 111 IliOJ. Fills- I'miil.iir l.,i .liilhi. — I liiMleiliati'lv linl I ||\M'>!\1 aiil I'l I'aNe l!a> |i i|' nI X or >i-\ ill mile-. I lie shine makes a rniimliiix pnint t«ii nr three miles tuitsnle the ;;eiieial slime line. 'Ihis iiieseiits a IneUy i'ni>I line, u here the sainlstnlle cIllVs ale inilill water worn ami InillnWeil nut, 'I'his plnjie tmn is KiiiiwM .1^ I .ilse I'nint nn ihe (',i,isi Sai\e\ eli.iil.N, lull as I.. I .lull. I li\ the .^|i,iniaiiU. I'mm the iiaiiie 111 the ram-hii in (he small \alle> on ihe iinrtli snle nf it. It is ten ii.ili > iimtlmesi l,\ iiniili hiirmiilli iNW. li\ N. J N) fiom I'niiii l,niiia. Ti.'i: iiiA.si mm: 1(1 rniM ii:i;\iin. /',,(, //.'/.— One mile smith of the inu n nt Iiil.Mai ami .si\ miles mnihuaiil limn I'mnl I. a .lilll.l theie Is ,1 hilliiek nt Ihlee liiiliilled ,iml lnll\ six leet i Ir \ a I mil s|i.irsel_\ en\ el i d « Il h lHlli s. 'i'he laee iiT Ihe liiliiiekis .m llle;.'nl,ir •!;!) Im li.lli- t he shme. .\s this is !lieiinl\ |iine enxeieil liilliiik Im maii> imles almiu this eni'st line i! Is an iiii|iml,int himiiiiark tn \essels (h.il an- riiniiine clnse alnli;,' shore ill rii;,'L:\ weallii i. To the linilh ami \M ,1 n| I'aKe r,,i\ .iii,| I'.iNe I'miil Ihe shore is a (■(illl|i,iel line of elilVs, Ulihrnki'iie\ee|it wheie .-iieanis sinh as ihe riii.is,|iiitiis, ,S m I tie^nitn, .San Ileiiianlu, San I.iii.>* liey. ami S.iiit.i .M.ii -.:i iia Imik thiiiii^;h 'In- ,|,e|,, sh,!;], \.ille\s cilleil e.uia.las. The hliil] i.s M-71HJ r.\(iiir coAsr I'litrr. Ii ii'i'.i->i> ill .• .in!> w i.lc. ■'Ill t w (I ;nill III. II ' Mill to M\ l||'|-,.l| II l' ll<'lllll>lll.l li.n III:; .iiil\ ^iii> >\\i.!| is Mill' Ihr hi r •'■|'« •>( |. lit ; '>iiil. Willi a iii''>. ami i> •i'';,'ii lluii. ■II llll!|■^ III,- ' I'li'^rllK a I'liis |H..|, ,■ I'ImIn. I'll, I, I illln\r-l li\ I I'l'iiit I,a " nil I'llli .s IM' IIIV III ij If liiiiiiih:,' if 111' I lills, . •'^.iii laii.i Ik' liliill is hnnli'inl liy II iiai't'i'» sand licai-li ; lu'liinil tin- liliii)' ll iiiilrv is tMliJi- I iinl, t.iii^inu' lioiii I'mty III lliiii' luimlrnl ami lillv lii't al">\i' llir sim |nr Munr ili^iaiiir iiilainl. '/'/(> I. ■iinl trills ill tills >l nil ll 111' m i>I a if tlif lii:^li jiiaks nf tlif iiiiiiinlaiii i iii;;f > l.\ iii;j t u f ii' ;. totui'iilN liM' iiiilfs iii->|ilf Mil' fiia^t liiif. 'I'lif liist lali^f Is tlial nf >'(/;(/ imiiil i^ llif nai mw iifiaii ^|iiii' nf Ihf iaii::f iimli'i i||il-lf .Hillllllf,l>l ll IllK llnw -. I III' S 111 l>lf_'ll lilMT. Till' ll iL'lir^l ]t<-\k III llif San (a Man 1 M..iiiit- ains lifs I « f iil\ si\aml:i halt' mili-* iniitli lliiitv Ihiif ih';,'rffs fa^t (N.'i.l I!.. Iiuiii I'mnt Inina la;;lil ; it I-. tliiff lliiiiisaiiil ami till \ Iff I ul)ii\ f tlif sfii, ami .'•hniilil hf \ i-iMc lliii ' \ li\ f iiiilf h al a. Iii'MiihI I'lillit l.iiliia. Its a|i|il i.Xlin.itf ;,'fii-ia|ililfal |inNiliiiii i -, latitinh Inn jitmli llil iiiMil ililami liniii San laii> h'fV is llif limUi •n I Tfsl III I' tlif SiiK l.lli^ li'll/ Mnlllll III lis, Nf \ f II li'fii or fi;,'litffii iiiilfs liii'ii llif f'la^t. In tins laiuf air I \\ i piiks w Inch aif iiniaMf. I'al i Miiiiiiiaiii, tliiriN fijlit hiin lifil I'fft in flfvatmn ami l.\ in^ I a iiii \ I'lnir nnlrs nni lli Initv sf \ m i|i>(,'ifi's fast ;N. 17 I', i I'lnm ihf niniith nt' tlif San laiis llf y <".in i.la, is aiinrnxiriiatfly in laiitmlf ■T! '■_'-" ninth ami liin-ilmlf 117 nj'uf^I; ami Munnt I'.ilaniar, in aii|irii\iaiatf I itiimlf. ;'. 1 LI'.' iimi li>n''iliiili; ll'i .">"'', nailif-i t'iiit\ lisf hiimliiil Iffl. an I ln-s tufnt\' siv ami a hall' iiiilfs mnlli lil'l \ t\M> (If ''Iff SI ast (N. :>-■ i:.; Iiiiai ll San I. Ill-- l.'fs (■ It shiiiilil lif vL-iililf iicails lilM III iU's at sea lie voml Ihf .slnuc at ( li-ia'i Shh '{"vMaitv til l\MMii\ lixf milfs lirhiml San .In in •' ijii^t I ami I- t 'if r'iiii|i.if t ■>'-' / 1 ll ill Siiiitii A I nsiii;; t uii lli'iii-an 1 t>) tliiff tli>iii<..ini| t'fi't aiil I'lilniiii.itin^ in tlif ''ii-al ilmiUlf licnhil I'l-.ik S.i lia;.;ii, lis f tlii'ii>.iml .--iv linmlifil ami (■i;;lit\ t«ii liri in f If x .ilimi. ll Ins imrth >i\tffii ilf;,'iffs (•asl(N. Hi 1! 1 Iwf III V Miif ni:lfs I'l.iin I'oinl San .In.in < '.i|ii>iiami. ami .sliniihl In- \i-iMf .sixty iiiilfs at si.i iHi; ^iilr 111 I hit |ii.iiit. It has lii-cn ~.,-ru l'r> nil .1 \ TN-xlM S lli'fk w lii-a t -V I l\ f III I If III 111 wivstw.nil dt' I'liinl lliiiiif a-tiiiii~liin_' iifitliff Ihf nlil .S|i.ini>li n,i\ i-aini - imr \',ini'iin\ f r v\ f r If til ifil tn it. I'.ir I II I. nil 1 lifhiml I lifNi- lniiki'ii lim-s oj' i-n i->t nini niain-^ i> tlif \v ihl in i^s nt' tin- Siui .liii inln 1/I>l((l^.•/».<. w hnsi' [iciks rr.ifh |iinli,ili|\ si'\ i-ii I linii -.1 ml lift ami III- tnit\ In lulls lis f iiiili-> inl.iml. 'riifv aif \ i- lilf at tints iiiilfs Irniii ihf .slmn-, Will In thi' null hi-a.st svai'il. ami iii^iilf ni' all ilif>f i ini.iin-.. In-s tin' 1:11 at ■'<'iii lUfniiiiHnn lilaiift) ol' .sixtv m- M-si-ii;y milis tmai tin- slmn-, ami AJih |i(-.ik> 1 i>iii:,' in i-li-s 111 tlmiisaml ami tssrlsf thiiiis.iiiil I'lfi ; Iml tlic^f iMiinni in- si-iii nsi 1 thf in ast i.iii;^fs until .ihifasi (if S.in I'l ilin r.as ami lifynml it olV S.iiita Mnnna 11. is. I'liiiii I'nint l.iimil til I'liiill Siiil ihinn Ciiiil.sliiiiin the ciniiSf is mnth tni' y ilf;^lffs ssrst V. |il W. .imi tlif ilisianif tilts ihirf inih-s, tin- slinif rftifalin^' if;;nl.iils si-Sfii or fi;;lil milfstntln' »'asts\aril at almnt miiin.is' lii-tssn-n thi-in. 'I'lif ss iin-^ nif ilns >ln-:rh nf fni-.i U I If (Mllfll till •» i;.is III' Santa Cat iliii.i"' lis Vi/fiimi in ItHiJ. 'I'nssaiils S.ni .la. in t'aiiisii.inn tin- li:i.'h liilU a|>|iin.ifli tlif iniiiifili.ilf slinif, alinnst nMilfi itin^ Ihf t.ililf 1 ami, ami tin- nl>l .si.ii;i> mail mailf a (Iftniir f .1-1 \s .11(1 lii'liimi tlif liilN In thf imiilnsi-st nl' tlif .iiii'liniaL;f ni'.San .Iii.m < '.i|iistraiin. l'|iim thf I liiV lift ssi-i'ii l'fn,isi|iiiiiis ( 'iff k .mil I'niiil San M.itfn (t ssf iity^fS i- 11 mile-) the icnl runs I'nr .1 hinu' (list.imf user a tahlc l.iml nl re niai k.iMe c s f nnos ami iiimlf latf c h- s atinn. In plafi >. this l.ililf i> m.ii kfil lis iiinnim-i ,iMi- ;^i.is <-Ils hillni-ks nl' alimil I ss i-iiis nr t liii t s Ifit in ili.iin etc r .iml t SS n III I elf S alinii iilins f thf ilf |irf s-liili- vsffll liifin. Till' iiiniint lin- aihl thf l.iMf lai.il^ s arc fiiscffil ss iili ^'■■•^'< i""' f ha|ian'al. tint ilfstitiii.' nt tnrs. Alna;; llif line (it cna'-t I list llif lit inlii ll tliil f is Imiiil,' cnli-.I 1 mtfil a lillf nl' r lilrn.hl 111 |i irt iimlfr till' ilill-. Till' liisl lailmad (i|i('liftl ii|inn thf fn.i-I at thf 1 nli nl tin- S an lai;-. I.'i-s 1,'isi r ami liilln'.si'il ll In ssithin tisc inilfs nt' L.t .Inll.i. •Ul CI's SSl s| N.i'i--. \V, l.iMi' lami III limit lliai I'nillt ( '.l|l|s||-ami Ihf fillllsr tn I'nlnl La-llfll is llnllll sixty ll' ami !lif ill -t.iiiff t\s fills' inilf.. u nil .1 |nlrr.ilil\ >tiaiulil >li.iii- lim- .imi 1 111 the hills, ss 111 rh n-.i- iVnm m\ hirnliiil In i-h-s ,11 humlifil liit in i-li's atmn |nr mmi' t haii hilt I In (li-I.iiiff . I'lnii I'niiit l.asm-ii tn I'ninI I 'f I 111 I li t In- i-niiiM' 1- sunt ll i-l::hl s -.1 \ ilf ulifs wr-l .S, si W ami I III' (list.iiiri' |niii|(-i-ii null •- ; Ihf -linii' 1-. \ii\ Inu .iml 1 rl 1 i-at s Ii s f inilo tn I In- nm I li '.s ai il. InimillU' 'In^ fIfSff nl-.-hapfil I'las nt' .'^.111 I'filln. Tin- rniii sf t'iniii I'nillt l.nin.l III I'ninl I'llinill IS mil 111 lift lisf (li-;,'i('fs SM--I i N. .1.") W.', ilistanci- f i^'lil.s miles, thf .•^llll^f luriiiiii;; a ^;r.iiliial fiiisai aliniil lilli'i-n inilfs <'.f.| \\ .11 ll 1 hi>ii-riniii. Jl» r.M irif I tiA- I I'll i)i . SAN I I IS IM'.Y. FlMlii r.iiiit l.iiMI.I li> till' n|icliin',' >>( llir \,lllf.V i>l S.lll I. in-. l;<\ II|>iiM tl >;|st lllt> ntlliwc in iioiih t\M iii\ si\ .l<-iiT> wi-t 1 N. Jti N\ . iiiiil till" (li^l.iiiii' iliii> iwii iiiilc^. Tin- l.ilili- I. Hills an* nit liiiiiimh li.\ till' >iili>l.i.|niiii^ < Mil,, 111.' S;iii l»ic;;iiilit l.'ivrr. tlii' San llt|ii ('rrck, San Man us «'ii'<'k. ami llir San Ian- l.'<'\ I.'imt. 'I'Iic nIhuc linr ix i» wrv iryular tnir, \utli a i»ti;;|ii (•iirxatiiir M III.' rastwanl. anil iii> rrp.nti'il ihiii-riw. It is not olli'ii a|i|.riiarli('il lv\ lli.' ii';:nlai sti'aint'is an 1 tiailiii;; Vf(*.sfls. liciaiisr ii i- i.ii In iln' ra-iwaiil oi' I linr tinirsc to ami I'liini Saw Hii'uii. 'I'lii'if 1- a In nail low w.ihr -ami In ai li. I mi I a I lii_li "atil tin- sea Hashes the Itasc of tlii' .lllVs.* Tlic ( alUKinia Soiitlinn I.'ailroail imw niiis aioii;.' ilir lop ni ilicrlills lor liltrin ami a lialt miles I'lom t'odeio. near tin' inoiiili oi Soie-lnl ('ie.l>.t.i near llie iiioiilli ot' Hie San laiis |;e\ Tanaila. xvlieie it 'ea\is ilie eo,i>i lo eiihr ami tollou ilie Santa Miiiyarita l.'iver lliiciii;;|| {]„■ ■{'en Ilia Carioii. 'I'lie lailioa.l slahoii, « ii cansitle. near San laiis l.'ex (anaila, is ii..\\ <|iiiie a seltleiiiilil. ami at vaiiolis |ioinls aloli'^ the line of Ilie mail ale si'eli lioiises wliieli lieenme lami iiiaiKs III the na vibrator ; I ml tliev aie lieiii;; ail.li il to -o ia|i|ill> Iliat it i- not ,\ i t |iio|m i In s|ieeir\ iletaiK. 'Ilir 111! Iiol i;;e ot' Sill l.ilisli'eN i - njieii aliil iiIi|pi i il eeli il, ami :si.ilel\ Msileil. Tlieapprov illiale 'leou 1.1 pi Ileal p.iNii mii ol' Ilie lie « lou n ot • >eeaii-lile I- : Ijititmli'. I...Il-'IM.i.' :i.i I-.' iM.iil, Ill .l.iniiaiv . l'-s."i. ill,. riia).'m'lic \aiiali(iii vas II 17 ea>t. «itli a .\eail\ im lease nl' 1 .,"i. 'Die liii;:lil of Ilie town aliove Ilie sea is im;.'IiI\ In one liilliilleil ami I'Mlitv leet. Tlie mesa laml on eaeli siile of Ilie eafiaila is esliinatiil lo lie two liiiinlieil teel almxe flic .s«'a ami tieele-s, aliil llie liiaik for liiaKiiiL.' llie aiielinia;:i' is Ilie «liite |ii!iMin:_'s of tlio ti,\v lown. Till' llrwwll.ill at t >ee.ilis|ile cMiliils si jliai e ollt lloliillie lai e of I lie lo w liliilf hal f a mile siiiitli of the town ami lialf a li.ile iiotlli of lli<- \ alley tliloiii^li uliieli the Ivsenmliilo K'lilinail eoines to the enisl. It is Imw three liiimlii il ami sivtx six varils Ion;.' ami Ifaehes lo ei-llleeli feet of Willi :il low Inle. Il IS pmpoM'il In e\!eml It one hllllilleil aitil IVM'lilN li\e \arils filllhel. Tlie laliliiile ot the wharf is jii-t iimler.'l.i II . rii'himl the lii;;ll lilateail the tleeles.s. lollini: laliil extemls )iroliali|\ fifleell miles |o the I (if the lii;:ll liiolllilailis. Ill a Uil w inter ami sprill;,' 'I"' l»'"l '■- l'eailll(ii|l\ ;:reen ami eii\elei| llnwei-: in a ill \ sea-nil il lo..Ks vii\ Ihiumi ami I'arrili. 'llie slmre line is reinai lialih re;,,,..,. ami lioiileieil liy a I>io,h1 low «alii lie.n h. The Mission ot Saii laiis l!iy, siliialeil three miles lYoiii llieenast line, w.is ihr |,ir;.'est in ('all fill Ilia, ami the liniiilitr of (loliieslie.itril linliaiis foiim-l l,\ in lis iiei^hlmi homl ;:,i\ e il the appeal anee of a ihrivin;; setlleiiieiit. It isMi\ |ii(llily siliialeil iipnii a liilloek in the s,, lies mar llie pieseiil tn"ii, I'llt isiapiiUx lalliii:: into ilee.iy. The town is nearly ill the eeiittT of h Neelioii of eoniitry urn ipialeil fm- salnlnii.N ami pioilmiiveiiess, Imt thesuiall rainfall is a ;; real ilia" Naek t<> a;;rieiil!iiie. I"nr two \ius ilir a\iia^e rain tail was only thirteen ami a half iiiehi s. Aeeonlini' lo the iill-lls ot Issll Ihi' poplll atinli \. as .'HM», Imt the new tnu n i- iiiere.isili|,' w ilh ;;|eat pl'ninisi'. ( oiiiiiiiiiiieatinii with ihe ei.isl towns is imw had Ity the railmail w Imli eniiiiei ts .S an I>ie"o witlii'nllc II Ihe m.iiii line of the Soiithii II I'ai ilie. .Iii-I one mile iinilli of the nioiilhot llie S.iii I, Ills Itiy l;i\cr is ihn iiMnith of the S.iiila .M.ii .Ml ila Itiver, wlinh enim-s Iwriilx one miles f' nil the liiirllieast tliloii-li ihe Teiiieeiila t 'aiioii. w liieli it has leailieil li\ .1 soiithea-l eniir«e pi.iallel Wllh Ihe eoa^t, lnhiml Iln- llinaillailis. The \,ille\ of IJn., ii\,r Is Ihr line of Ih,. lailln.iil In w ilhill a mile of the eoa-l. Se\eiMit ei;:ht miles lioi I II w esl W ai il from .-^aii l.iiis |;,\ i^ ||i,. \,i\ small si i, am ealli il I.a- I'lnlis Creek, liial l,i il li\ a lue.lklli^' ilnw ii of the el ills Imtii a I inn I si\t\ 1,, i to lip-ji wali level for alioiit half a mile. To iln- -...niheasl ami ihwesi Im half a mile are several sh.irp lia me.rs M\ly III siveiitN lilt ihip. Ihe lalieli houses lie alioiii half a mile liaek from the shore at Ihe northwest siile of ihesiiiail xalley. The hills ii,i. in six hiimlinl .imj tiit\ fci in one .iml a i|ilaller mile.- flom the shoii , ami Insevi-ii liiimlreil ami lhiil\ si\ n, i m t^^, ;.||,i ., ||.,||- mji,... The whole «'iia!.t line is \ eiy leL'nIar. w ilh i Inna'l low walei saiiil liiaeh. I, as I'lnit •• t'lii'k 1- known as the I,.i> I'iiI^ms a li w miles li.iek from Ihr eoas|. • Vi/iaiiio I .■11..1 tliM I..!,;; -Ill 1. Il i.f I 1-1 It. 1.1 r lUr liiy t.. Sill .liKiii ('.i|ii,lriilio, (mhI:, S-uiini. tin' cinii'*!' in alili* IiiikIm iiic I'jti ClrrK, S.lll Willi :i Hll;;llt )> lllf It'Uiilui ;iii|illll \ Tlif :i|il>io\ iii>itti. A'i'mI. .IV.. i.r 1 .,"i. t. ■\ nl'i'V r Ith- SIM ■ new IcivMi. .IiilV li.iir ;i mil"' iiiiliilii Ii.iiIio.hI liiii;;liti'i'n I'l'i't • \;inls lurlliiT. iiili'.s III til"' ' ImI I'liv ri I'll i.iili;ili|\ ri'mi.,.. ' l.il;.'i'.>> S (S 11 mill K. I.. ■< } S •.■;, milt'ii rf -"teSjis wS^^jH v^saT' -5^5£»."S§?^2^— " Nii;ii.-1 Hill I'liint San Iiinii I iii>iHtr.iii(i, K liv S .•i^lm^■l Sun Onofri' Munnlitiii. K. by S . X'miiliw. \f>ry fjiitii, i.ryr) fwt. wwiiiiiiyaSb'wil^"' iraWIKiwil''9n|9iff^nM^t«Miinu^^ tlllltK' Ml t 'ujindiaiiM, K In H J > M nillr K. I., -i }s •.■;■. 1111 Un Miiniilaiii vi'') raiiit I I'ACII'ir CiiAST i'll.OT. ;u Nim- miles iVoin San Ijiis ]\v\, ami licyomi the I'"lii(('s Creek, tlie low elill's eliaii;,'e to lii;;lior ones anil llielii;,'li hills mine elosei- npon t he sliol'eline, sii t jial llii- sla^e rnad is ei iiwdeil nmliT the liase 111' ihe sharp shipinj,' hills. Al .; Jl" I.") north, lon;:itiide 117 L'S' 1.".' west. Inland t'roiii it the m.ianl.lins lise to the m.iiii eies| line .ihoul tueli'i miles I'iDiii the eiiast. Siiii Oiiii'n Miiiinliiiii kind fall ).— 'l'rian;;iil.ilion statnai •■ l.'idue," on the siimniii uf San ( tnofre Moiini.iiii IS in latitmle :'.:! I*." L'd' (is, lon;;itndc 117 'ill' Kl'.iil: liei-ht seventeen hn-. died and twenty ii\ >■ feel. Trian;,'nlalioii sialion ••S.in ()miiie llill" is in latiliide .'i.i 'J'J' L's"..'i->, |i)ni;itnde 117 .''i," 21". 7S; liei;;||l ele\ ell llllinii. ! Hid ileVeli I'lit. The last is a pioiiiiiieiit siiiiinni lor tell i.ir\ triaii.unlalion. Init mmparai i\ el\ iiisi;,'iii!iiMiit as sei'ii II oni sea w.ird. The li-ni:' li of mini lidue is parallel w il h the euasl. I 'hi lit Siiii l/((/rii.— .\ Ioiil; the st rr'rli of ''oast fnim I .a dolki, or faNi' I'.iint , til I 'oini .~^aii Mateo IK) jirojeetioii or sharp indeiilalion Ineaks tlii' re;;iilaril> of the eoisi line 'I'liis point lies muili tllirt.N se\eii dei,Mees west i N. .'i7 W. ■, fort\ li\ e and .1 half mil.s fiom I'liiiit I.oiii.i lai;lillioiisi-, and cast suiii heasi ( f!Sl',. : si-\ fii and ,i hall in lies I'l.nii Point .S.m .lii.m < '.ipi-.t i .mo. .V little mule tli.in one mile liefore reaeliiii;; Ihe point the n.irrow, siiMp valley of the S.in < )iioiri' ('omes in from the norlhiast li,\ east, Ineakiii',' down the hi;,'li riili,'e I'loni the ll.irno Canon. Al Ihe lieaeh the elilfs «lro|i t.i turnl\ leet. With a broad hi- 1; A.iler s.iiid li'-.icii. The el: lis mi i ii li sidi' i.f this li.ilf mile Imu lie.ieh lie sixty feel h;;;h ; then to the southeast ,ire broken \Mlh short, deep b.ir.ineas. 'I'll!' table land stielehesa mile into the \ alley, wliieli is mai ked by ,i lieav\ line ot sveamore i rrrs. The bed Hi tie- stream. fiet b. hind it. w hen, .• it a;.Min lises to a higher hill of ;eveii hniidreil icel elevation ,it two milo li,.iii the Point . The S.ii, Mateo \ .iliey lies be! were I he Ciirh 1 1 1 i Med lo a lid I he rid ^e of Pol lit S.m Maleo. || i* .ibilllt half a mill- wide ami has a small stream of water whu-h opens i-|o>c nmlii the Pmni. Theie aiea fi'W el II flips of sycamore tlees \isil)le in the \ .ilhy. The ;,'eo;;r.lphlral p,i,ilinii uf p.iinl .S.m M.ilciilnis been ileleriliini-il b.\ till- I .S, ('m,m md (ieodet le ."^lli-\ e\ as follows : l..il:tieli' I L:iniai'. ' Il , 111 iiiiii< :i;i -.':; i:i .'.innrfii lit I . .'. I 1 1 »r.st. T ...1 ' ■.'.;■ 1 I'lom Point S.in M.ii m tliwe-,! u ,i|-,| ihe eoasl line inns in ,i hm--, re-nlar sweep, eiiiviiiLr one and a h.ilf miles In the ii.n i ln\ ,ii d, with ims a liiids bm .ha in- Ihe s.m. and lii-her I md behind reiiehin- si\ hiindied lo ei-ht liiiiidi-eil and liirl.\ feel williin a mile and a thud from the shore. Tins table kind is fio ne hllinlreil to one hnnlicd ,ind t'o||\ t'eel ,lt I he ed j;e of I h-' eli It's, wit h rtMnouth, re-nlar, lii^^li u .iter s.md br-.n-h at iis b.is,-. rnniiin- lo S.m .In.in C.ipistr.mo, Th,. i\-2 I'ACillC COAST IMl.DT. UMMUhs of \\w ,l.vp. u im.w .,rnnu> niltin- lln.mj. \U<- MulV an- n-sH,..! in .smiill l.n.l^'rs. Tl,.. wl,..I.M.uiiitn AUn^^ ilM. ouM ;s i,v..l..ss.' Tlir liid. l.iiHl> -IS.. •rA,UiA\U to III.- tirsl .•■••si of l«o tl...ns:.n,lau.ill.ur th.M,..nHl f.-i .it lli.' S.n.t.. An.. iMii;:.' o. nmiiMliun-. t vvnty I.. t«fnl> In.. iiiil..s ill flic int.. nor. A iin.,l..r,iiih >oli,l 'iihl ■■!' Mp lu.s otV 11.,. -liMiv lu'ii.... to th.. iiiirl.oiM^'.. of Siiii .liiiiii Capi.^ traiio. r.Na.Mlv i,ii..:ui.l on.. Ii:ilf niil..s vx..,si noi ll.«...sl i W N V. . iioi,, P.-nit San .Mnl...M.n.l l.Mii^ aiiiiosi lialf a liiil.. olV lli.. Imm.Ii. w a \ovV\ |.at.li .■n," liiii..li...l >.ifN ni ..M.iit lorall.v l.iu.wn a^ III.. N.n, M,i,.> S.al /;,>, /.v. I'll,. i.M-ks air .-ilioiii four f.-t al.ov.. hi;;li «al.r aii.l iisii.illy .'omt...! Willi s. a lions. T«,. aii.l tlnr....|n.rt.i- ii.il.-s lo il... u.sMioitliw.st \VNW..fn.in l'..iiilS,n, Mat.'o. an.l less tlian half a mil.'.'lV tin' I'.a. li. is aiioili..r i.wK v I'U'li .il'oni on.. IiiiimIi...| .in. I lifts \ anis in i.\ii.|it. I'l-oin roini .--.in M it.'o tin- .'\tr..iiili\ of I'oml S.iii .In, in r.iiM..liano li..s n.nili -ivl\ ..iirlr ,lci:i,.,.s w.'st N. i.s W . . (Iistaiit s<>v..ii aii.l a lialf nii!..s. in. I Hon lli.. s;,iii.. i.onii III.. .in.lior.i-. .if S.ri .Tiian ( \i|iis!i.iii.' h. .ii> noitli si\i\ .l..-ii...s ui'si , N. i.i' W. . .Ir^l.inl si\ inil.s. I'OINT SAN Jt.'AN (.AI'ISTKANO AND ANC IIOK ACiK. Tins u.ll ci,.|iii..i| ...iiH.. 1... i!i.\ Known .1^ M.ma I'.. ml. i> ili.. s,,ntln\..st..i n |no|...tioii of a Ion- lii;:li. transx.TN.. liil-c ...nnii,;,' li tli.' sontli" fs'i in ll.inU "f th.. SiiTru Saiila Ani. uhichln H.Mii l<\..iiiy to |\V(.nt\ li\i. inilcs 1. 10,1. 1 in (loin th.. .■..ast au.l jMialhl tli..|>.v i;li. ami whi.'h is ■ -ooil l.in.liall. That r.iii;:.' of inoiiiit.inis is from t w.. lininsaml lo ihi. .. I hoii>.(ii.l l....t iii<.I..\a lion, ami ii. 1.. .ii.. s,.\..|,il ir.ins\..rs.. .-iniis lik.- that of S.in .liiaii ('.i|iisiiai.... 'I'll.. .s|.iii- foinnii;: ih.. .'.111.. I'lnls is a m.>.i,.|at.l\ liohl s.nnl-'on.' ■ litV two hnmlii.t ami l\\cni\ I... I hi;:h. ^^illl a iir....i|iitons lirok.-n fa..', ami Mun.. low io whnh sti.l.h 1x1; .1.. I.':...; 'h'.^ hlimili.'l ami lorl\ \ai.|s lo lln- s..iilhu ,ir.l of ih.. lii-li. -t p 11 1 of th'- ' lilf. Tiic oiil..r cxli fiiill \ of till' lii'ail lii.s no) th >i\!\ ..iL'hl iI.._mi .s w. >i N. (Is U .) mmii ami .1 li.ilf iiiil.s fi.nii I'o.nl Sai Mateo, ,111.1 soiiili s.. v.. iii\ M.\..n .|r-i. ..N ...1^1 -.'7 li.Ihiitx .nn inil.s lioin Toinl r..| mm I,i;iJi! .S'v..|i liiimli...i N.ii.is w II inn 1 1 Mivinilx of tin- i-.\\w llit'ii' is a .sli;,'hil.\ il.'iilil.. ii.'.nl. I he inn. 1 ami lii;rln'- h.-iii^ tw.. Iiiimlr...l an.l .■i;:lity h-. 1 ahov.. th.- wal.T, aii.l th.. oiit.i on.', ovfrlookiii;; th. .■hll-. is two linmli..(l ami -:\iy !'.•. 1. Hi.' lulls to iji.- i.orili \\\ ...ist. sii..t..niiis: llii.... niil..s o.-liii..; till' .•ape. r..a.-h six liiimli'.'il I....! .l.-v .ilioii ami .u.. .l.sliliit.' of tiiiili.'r. Itiit Ih.' hiu'ht'r p.irl.s o 111.' hca.l an- at Ni-n.l st.iiion. iliK'i- .iml a .pMil.T inilcs m«rlliw.'s| by mirlli NW, li\ N.ilr.nn lli. Point, an.l I. .-s th, 111 ;i null- li'oiii lli.. >hoi... w In iv tin' fliv .ilioii is niii.' Iiiimlr...l .imlfoit\ If. i \ .TV sh.ii |i .11 royos (III tlii(m;;h all lh|.- Iilil.v In .nlhiini. W hi'ii I'oitil ."s.ii .In.in < ',i|n>t iMiio is s.-.n lim.i.l .ni lioin Ihi' vfinih li\ ...i-t S. h\ |'.> it pi- s.'iits a hiP' \ ■■! th ,il w hit ;-.h l.ic.. with ,1 Ino,..! .Lii k h,iml .-.I |. .I.. In 11;: I icon Ih.. iippt.i ..ml west, 1 pail .lowii t.i till' low. r .mil ..asti'iii put at ihf low wlntc i.M'k, ami ..oiii iniun„' .iionmi m>iil.. Ih w Int.. i.ick. Th.' clilV to 111.' .'asl wai .1 as l.n as th.' (.1 pi si ratio Xalli'V In Imi.' ami In i;,'lil with ilai • siriaks I isiii;; at .1 .-aiill .in;:li. fioin 111.. wi.>t .low II > imI to ilif ii;;hi. 'Ih.- point is piii|...i.i| . ih.' low hills iiisiil.' of .-snii Ni;;iH'l liill.ami the lii^:h l.iml lif.\oii.l stitl.ln..'> «vl' lo tli.. w.- When Ih.' point is .si...|i from 'h.. s...itln.asl li\ east iSi-;, liy I"..) it hliow.s ele.ir of all the .li>i 1 lii;;l- l.iiiil. ami S in Ni^ml llill i^ ^.i-n jiisl insi.lc .in.l .i\ ..r it. 'I'lu- .l.irk I'.m.l is plainlv iii.nl.' on at live or -ix niih. .. aiiil ihe sin. ill lil.i.-k .San .In. in roek is s.'eii pist oiil.si.l.. of ii. Thi- soul li...isi.i n l,ir.. lif 111.. ..ap.' is an irri';;iil.ir lin.. of elill.'* from I wo hiimii.il 1. . t al I h.. w . |.l 11 eii.l lo on.. Iiiimli...l ami Iw.-nlN fi..l ,il I In' ea.slei 11 eiel It l> ono .iml a ipi.irter miles hni;.' .•,. ami w.'sl. wilh .1 \.'i\ ..!i;;lit iml..nt.»lioii nmh'! the >• ipe. I ; n the exliemity of the I'.ipe I hi' sh" runs mnihn..>i li\ nonh NW. \\\ N one .m.) ,1 li.ilf iiiih- . ln^h ami wiili a liink.n. s.imly l».a. III. n.'.' for till 01 Iw.lv.' inihs to th.' nollha.'st l>\ wfsl ;N\V'.li\ \\ , it is hi;^h. .nl li\ .1. airo.vo.-. .iml hoiihiiil i.y ^.iml lii..i..li. with ii re;,"i!ar out l\ inn pal. In s of kelp. Ininiei|:ale!y olV ill., e.ipi. loi till.... hiimlii-.l \ ii.N stl.-Irh 'Mil 1 01 k \ p.il.hes; ami th.. .S.m ,1 11 It.ii.k. alioiil lilty villi, \l. Ill ami >i\ fi...| ul.iv.- w.it.'i, Tn.s tlir..e hnmlit.f Ihe el ill'. Theelill .il tin- e.isi..rii si.l.. of tli<' e.ip.' is two h (Ir.il .iml UM'iitv till hi.:h. rising' veiv pri'i'ipit.Misly, ami lioiil.rril hv a ii.inoi' shiii^l.' I.ea.h.a. this 1(,\ oiitl> in;; ri..ks. iJi.. l.liilVeoniinii.'s hiyli |ollie..|ir\ iiiu' slior.- ea-.tw.ir.|, where it iin'i'l.- t low ami saml. l>..|i'li at the opeiiin^' of Ih.. .S.i 1 .In. in Cipi^i r.iiio N'.illey. Tliiini.^'li I hi, li.ai h t •Vi/( ,|.< trifs III III.! ( ■..|ii,ir.ih.i \ illi-\ . L ^lll;lll III |l|>,'('S. Till lit' lirsl rirsi of I «.■ I'lllV til t«rlil,\ li\f 111' Sail .liiaii ('a|iis an Main), anti l\ iiii: ■lit Ideally Uiiown a^ iiml ilMiall\ nnrrrcl ^".1 Cniin I'liiiit S.iii II' liumlicil anil lirt\ rs iiiirtli ^i\t> ciirli' |iiiiii! till' aiiiliiiraj^i \ miles. |i|ii|eelmii nt' a lull;;, iita A n I. \\ liii'li III'- > i;li, ami u Imli is .1 ill.sailtl leet III ele\ a I >, iilliill I'll ainl t vv elil > nil! a-. I.':' .1.: ' 'I'l . I'l'ie outer e\t lemin iiili's tinin I'll. Ill S.ti I'ullll ri'lllilli I.l;^iil 'llliie lieail, the illlh : nlle, ii\ erliMikill^' tli' ^ llllee miles lii'lilli'; : the lii;;lier |iarts 1.: S' \V. Ii\ N.l tliilli ih. liiiil ami I'liilN lei'l '.ist S. li\ I',. ' It |ii ■ !• ii|i|ier ami « e>i' n i„' aiuiiinl ili-iilr til' iml III i;:lil \N itli ilai > ilint is |i|ii|iilei| ir les wel' III the \\i'>' r lit' all the ill-.! I I i'~ |ilaiiil\ iiiailr I'll I. Ileil li it al the \M-' alter miles IiHij; e.i- It' the eape the sh" imkeii, samly Immi is lil;;h. lilt li,\ ih ' s ; ami the San .In il ami lortN > anl- the ea|ie is t wn li> I' shingle lieaeli, .1 I, where It meet-- I |nii',,'h I Ills liraeli ! \ ti.l lliril trotll llIN '>■'< _^ \, — - / .,■ X &--i /) ; iS i '* Aiiproarhiii); Sun Juan (.'apldrann fmni r"^ ^TTlLli^TH*^' ■.111 Iniiii Km k. Wliiir KimU ; nld Kmlmrtaili'io. I'oiiit .liiiiii CnpiittraiiK, NW l>> W j W , I imlrM ^-. V X_ -^ • X. ^ v> '^...aJM ^> .1.. ■».*.-• San Juaii <'»|iii|llnllHtlll Vnllt'V Kaiit:« tn<', SE. Ity N. t N.,3| iiiileit. i\\( iric coAsr I'li.oT. 83 S.lll .liiail ("tcrU lilciik-i Its w:i,\ In wrt sr;i>(ilis, lull is rlitscd ill ill V srasdiis. 'I'lli' upniiliil i.s ;,'fii cralls .It IIm' wcsti'i ii snlr ami clnsc midrr tin- cIlH. wliicli is niic liiiinln'il ami I wciit.s lict lii;;li. 'riic nwiliarii'cl ami iiii|iii>iiMtril it in luiiinir i> in tlir l)i;;lit niic ami a hall iiiilcs In I In- cast ward of I'liiiit San .liiaii ('a|)i>Iiami. Tiiiii' lias l>ii-ii mi li.vdici;;ia|iliir siiivi-.v of tin' ain'lmr i;,'<-, lint if is km. nil iliii il lias a nrt >tiilcliin;; iM~t soiitlit-ast waidl.v Inim flu- simllii'iii |HHiit nl tlif .vrllnw Hamlstdiif liliilV. wliiili IS iiist \M-st ot tlir \alli\v, hall' wav acmss the aiiclii»ia;r<'. This iccf liicaks Mic vM'sti'ily swell Miiucuhat, and small ciafl ina\ amhornn the liiir hctwfcn its castiTii cMiciiiity and tlii'ia>liT luc nl' llir MntV in t wrlvc Icct nt' wain nvrr sandy Imttuiii, Init it is daii;,'t'rr)iis. lii>iili' lit' III!' iri'l' ilicir is a d«'|illi III liiict'latliniiis: iiiilsidf, a d('|ilh <>( six t'athniiis. 'I'hc ni-l' in one |ilacc shuns hare at cvtrcini' In" \\alii. and Ilir rastcin patrh has (>nl> loin fcrt .it \\al< r ii|.(.ii it. Il IS iiiarkf.l liy luiMk.'is ami li.\ ktlp l.i tin' cisiwaid. 'riicic is aN.. ki'lp iIum' iiinlcr the hiiiiIIm'Iii piiiiil III llii' amdiLia;;)'. I-'.ast of till' iiiii' III lilillls at the anrhi.iaur is the l..w upi'liiiiu; nl' the \aili'\ nf San .liian Cajns- train', with a lone alisi. or s\ caiiioic tri'c t wo linmlii'd \ anU iiis.ilc tlir Ixai'li ; mil ^iilc of this is a boat lioiist' on thr lira. Ii. < )|ip.i^ilf this tri'<' and lioat hoiisc iId' ii-iMii.'. ' >iii' liiiiiliii --i liiiiinti has amhoifd in tit I mi lirl ol watiT, o\rr >.iii.l\ I lot t mil, aliirasi this s\iaiiioir tin', w ii h tin' Mission opm to t ho west w.iid. In 1 SS| ihciT was a iiii'iiiiiiii hih)ii III t.iiir tatlimns. tliicf hiimlnii and twiiily li\c \ards liinad nil the Itcacli to the smithi'ast. This Imoy was ^'.nii' iii I s.Sii. p'roin ilii' liiio\ , tlio I mat lioiisr in-ido llio lioaili, near tilt' point ot' liic I'l'tl-. mi ihi't-asi side lit ihc valloy, Itoii' north (■i:,'ht('i'ii dfL;rti's cast (>:. I ,s I'..), distant ti\ f hundred ,\ aii|>: and the sycaiiioii' ticc, to the noil h west of tin- I mat limisc. bore iioi tli Ht'vcn il.'i;ii !••< cast ( N. 7 i'..). distant sc\ en linmln'.l \ aids. I'lom i In-, pusitimi, tli.' \ i-il.je rocks OlV the \Msieiii part ot' tliesaiid Iteacii bear west ( W.;. dislani lliiie hiimlicil and scveniy yards. The .•litis (III the cast side ot the open I II;,' of the \all.'\ i"e t..a liciulil ol one hniidred and tweiil', Let. an.l .■..iitiiine ..f the same licijhl to the ca>luard. I'lmii tin-, line ol' liill's, ulii.'h is l)ri.lv.n li\ ill I p. ii,iri"w aiio.vos, the table l.iml liscs gradually to luo hiin.lie.l an.l tueiity led jii half a mile, an.l then r.ipidly to ei;.'lit linndii'd and sixty feel in two miles. Aloiij; the ba--.' of the western el ill's, half a mile w ithiii tin' c\iieiiiit\ of I'm lit San . I nan < 'apis- traiio. Ihcie IS a iiiirow breadth of sand beach, bar.' at iiiiliii. lou uat.'i; but at cxtit me low- tides a liii.' of shingle sh.ns s aloii;,' tlii' shore of this aiicliora;^.- I.. \ ei \ n.ai !y abnast lli<' s\ cam me tree inc.. ll.. lied ab. .■,(•. 'I'lil'ini^h this line of shili;;lc the Missii.ii padres opened a boatlaiidint; under the el;ll>, a liille lcs> than hall a mile iiori heastward ot the cap.-, where tlie shore is raili.T Hliai pl.\ lli.lented. ,llid .1 1 aw III;; I lie linles to its cd;,'c til III bid theiii ii\ 11 to the bea.li. w li.li.-.' they Were taken thr.in;.:li the si lit'. This w^is t lie o|il ciiibaic.ul.i.i. 1 1 is a cm ions tail, illiistialiii'.: how liiodeiaie are the soiiihe.ist ;,'a!es south ol I'oiiii (■once|icion, that this open space lias never been oblitei .I'e.l l.\ I he sliil! in^ ..f the sliiM_!.' .i|i cither side. I'l III nil /.'."■/.■ lies c I. IS.' Illi.li r t he I. ire . if this line ..t' el ill's, with tlllcc fat lioilis i if \v,i I cf clos.' lip to it on t lie smith. 'I'lie _'.'o;;ra pineal posr i.ai ..f the Coast Siir\ey station, mi the hi;4hest p;iri .if I 'mill S.iii .liiaii t'aplst i.iiio, two hnii.li.il an.l eiulil\ let ab.ive the sea. is: I. :.!. !;!.!.■ l...!.Xil.l.|.' :'.:'. '.'T t . ■. tii.it h. t!T I J :;: I Wist This is about one and three ipiailcis miles west of the aiicli'.ra;:c The valley of San .liiaii < 'apisi i.iini is narrow, ami emu. s upon the se.i bet wen i.illiii;^ lulls of six lllilidlc.l t. .t cl.'Milimi mi llie West andci;;lil linn. III. 1 and sl\t\ f. el .m the east. Two. III. I one hall miles up this \ alley is I lie \ ill.ii;c of San .liiaii Capistraiio. w ith I he ruins .ind mil biiililiii;;s of the iiiissioii lit till- same nam.', w Inch is a rather p.ioi mark ami on a very liiiiilcd line of si;;lit for Vessels approaching the anchorage ni dcii w either. Th.' \\ liile biiil.lini^s ,iic well d. liin-.l a;rainst the dark, bol.l hills, ;iiid, as seen I'loiii tin- ba> . the \ ill i^i' looks soiiiewhal like the olil villa;;c of Saul. I I'.iib II I tor siiii iii.in. ji bears nmih li\c ilc^jrces cast i N. .'") !•',.) Irmii the deepest part of tilt' lii;;lii .it Ilie aiiilior.i^'c. I'.cMind Ihc Miss], 111, ihe \allcs expands mtn ;■ i uli nr.i/iii^ .iii.l a;;ri Cilltiii.il I minlry. The \ ;!l.i^'c is mi iji,- st i^.' and lclci;raph line belwc'ii l.os An^'des and S.iii l>ici:ii I'll.' old Missiiiii was fminde.l in 177'!, and in Scptciiiber, ISIJ. the clinrch w,i> I lirow n dow n. Soon alter its compleiioii, by an earth. pi. ike. ami I'.nty people were killc.l. The li\.' L;rc,it sh.icks of tills eartli(|iiake als.i destroyed the laissmns uf San \ in/, ami !,a I'niisima, I'll.' iniisl ■'mill Siiii ■limit Ciiiiistiiniii to .\i irjiiirl lliiii is vcr.\ free Iroiii know n hidden daii.Ljeis. It Ih niodei.itelv emapacl and bold, with riiek\ dills liiim f.ntv to one liiimlred feet limit. Here and i.'-'U 1' (■ - .•; M I'Alll'lf toAsr I'll.oT. llnMC .111' li.llliiw Mli'X;! l.llliN, lull ;;iMlil.lll\ Ihr I.IIkI IIMs Ml l.'im riill^i's tl.llis\ crsc to llli' rn.isl line ;iii(l >«ii,ii;iiiil Imiii i-.u li ntlirr li\ il(<|i, ii.iiinw ;irr<>Mi<.. W itlnn i iiiilr m |\mi ImiK liom tin shore llii' iiilur.N rc.uli as niiirh is ilcvni liiitnliiil .iml m\I.\ liil, iiinl all llii' siiirnrc is liirlrss Ni;;iii'l i;i(l;.T Is iiiiii' liiiiiiliiil .iiiii loiiN IitI lii-li .ii ilini' .iikI ;i i|ii.iilrr miles irom I'oiiil San .In.ii rapistiailo .mil one IhlU l..ieK lioni llie ^liote. .ukI S hi .loai|l|ill l.'lllue is ele\ en lillllilreil illlil M\l\ leet lliull al tell liilles liolii tile same |ioliit ami iMo ami a liair miles Irom the slioie. Ill winter tli< lulls aie lieaillilllll\ ;:ieen ; III llli' reason lliev are lilow II. I'li'tweeii tlie r«ieli\ fioinls tlieie ale several low wafer saml lieaelir-., Iml onl\ >i\ slmii lii<:li \> aler s.inil lieai-lies. Oiilvdiie linliliii tliiini'i- IS ie|>oitii|. It in s \,\\ efose iiisliori- at the inoiitli of the Caiiaila i|< las I, luiinas, si\ iinlis iioitliui >l linm point >,iii .1 iiaii ( 'a|ii-.liaiio ami half \i.a\ toNcwuon |;.i\ ll i> liarels three hiimlred \ aiil> tioin ^oiiie v isilile I oeKs al I he «(s| snlc ot" the eo\ e, am! tails in side llie L;em lal liileetioli ol tlie >lhiic line. riiere In a sliulit iiiiii'iiialrin in llii- eo.ist line at n\o mile- iioilli" est . anl Irom roiiii San . I nan ( 'a|iisir.ino, loeallv kiiovMi a^ Mii^^i I I'mr. it is oiil\ tlnee hnmlieii \ auls (|ee|). with an en Ira lie t'oiii liiimlieil >a|iN w nle lit I Wi'cli I he I wo heads. The easlcrn head is el;;lil\ li\e I'eel lli;;li: tli. west! Ill held I- loi'\ ll el hii;li. ami i> an i-lil at hiulilnle. There is a low waters. iml lie.nh iindei the iioitlieasterii lilutl. and a small rm-k at the southeast |i:irl ol the eo\e. .\I si\ mills lio'ii I'm lit San .lii.in rai'i^iraiio is anolln i >li:;lii i mien t,it ion ai t In- nioiiih of tin ilee|i. 11.11 low ( a in 111 de I, is 1 ,,1^1111 I -. The ill lis I ilea k dow ll liom si\t V ft el to a s. Hid lie.iih at lii;;li water, loiir hniidred \ iliN loii_'. (In ihewesi side of this little lii;^lit tlnieis ,1 Ion;.' roek.x jMiinl under tlieloilN leet ililV. Willi \ l^iMe I'oeks st letelilliu "III t"! two lilllldl ed \ aids, and a sliii ken roek IviiiL,' three In: ml led \ .iids iVum ! lie nearest sin re. (In lln' sliipm- land a I I he sou I hi'. ist sid. of til"' month of the stie.iin i« the »in,ill -.I'ti Iniieiil ol l,.i;:iiiia. w huh i-. i|iiiii' a ••niiinier re-ii. .\li(il")ii I'm til — .Vt s,.\iii and I hire I |i 1. 11 If IS miles Irom I'oiiii S.iii .lii.in ( 'apisl lano, a sli^jlii l\ project in 1: loekv iioinr h.is mo heads si\ hnmlred ,\aids ap'irt. The soiilhe.isti'iii one is the .sinalh 1 and rises to one hiimln d .iml fori\ fei t, with a di'|ire seven de;;rees e.is! (S'. .s7 I-'..), dist.inl >!\ieeii miles. I.oi.kia;: tiom se.iH.nl. wiih the low pi. mis III from, il is «li.s, under the lulls loriniiiL' the e.ist.m !>oaiiil.iry of ihesi. pj.iins. .\ ;:ooi| l.imlmark lor niakiii;; tin lia\ is toliiin;: the doiilile pe.ikid S.inll.i-n Mount. nil, wlinh lies .ilioiil Iwenls (i\e miles liaek 1" the eo.ist liii,.. lu l„.,i| iiui 111.' isl I N |;.| w hen tlir elitraliee III tlu' \t:\\ is dlleelU under it. A'.!/...)/ l:iiii was known lo tin- Sp.ini.irds as the I'lahia lie S.m .lo.ii{iiiii. The liay is .1 loll!,' and iiairow eiii into the in-li ims.i Imd on the w.'st and the sli-liil\ hijiln r hilN 01, the ea-!. Its -eiieial dilielioii is iinilli loi thre.- milts, ulnn the head turns .sharplv l»> tin east for h.ill a milr. rin- ;,'H'itei p.iil of the lia,\ is eh.sed lis m.iish l.iiid. iiiit a ehannel wiml- throll;;li lolhe lie.id. lie' t'nii.iiie.' Is ni.isked li\ a Ion- line of low sand dunes, w hnh e\|ei,.! three ipiailers of a mile sf.iuaiil In mi the ^relier.il em \e of till l.islj.iml, .ind Imm ,1 I mi tier Iw. or three mil. 's Inn:; aeross il,r inmt ,,1 ihtii.iv. Hfliind lliis n.iii.iw lin.' .i| Naml the S.iiita .\iii ItlM'l eoines I,, I tw.i or llii.'.' 111,1. s lioin tin w.st«.,rd iiinhi the faee of tlit- mesa. This river ami the w.ilers iif the luv eni|.!\ thioilKh III.' haliie eliaiiiiel, whi.h . iits tlilon-h tli.- s.iml dunes ver' near th.ir .'.isiiin iimii. wl,..ii. ih.'.v .,..111 the liii.> .,f l.r.ik.'ii l.lnll, w in.-h is al.oni sixtv leet 1. '''''^'""""- ■^' ''"■"" ' the t.i|.iw|.iphiial siirvev ' 1 sT.-f, this entl.iliee w as w ithlll live hnildl ■■•, .\aids of t he .'.isii'in .ml of |he saml dunes, iml the ehannel ihimi-li it w.is H, l.yeaM (N. I.v I! for hall .1 mil.'. iiiniiin.'ilir.eil.v l.-r .1 p.uti.dl.v l.iok.ii lilna to w ithiii t w.. hiindreii and liify \ai.l "H'e.il. ..ml tl.ili l,iriii'.l aliri.pll.v t.. Il,i' Wslwald. k.'epin.. 1 jos.. to the saml ilmies un tliesonll. with a liroail .stret.h of shoal waier and iii.,i>ii i,. tl,.- n.irlh. .\ luth' ov.r one mile in.snle Ih. enlraiieetli..r.-is a small isl.'t one liiimli.d v.n.ls .„.,„.s .,,,,1 t,.n ft ,'t hi;jli. When within Ihr.. l.nmlied v.inls of this isl, 1 tl,.' < li.innel iiiins |,,,i,.' i,o;tlnv..,t Im \..vvp.iii I.andii..' whiel, 1 three-., nailers of a mil.' distant .,11 ll,.' siuiih.'.isi ,„„,„ .,t n,.' ...esa land ..n.l maiked I.v" Inm.se.s. u (''N flsr (,, tl,,' cu.isl I IHO ll.li k ||,,||l til, ' >lll I'iiri' IS tiii'li'S.-. rom I'liliii S.iii , III, II I lllllnlli i| ;||ii| M\|\ lolf. Ill w IlitiT (III ■k\ |M)iMls (lii'ic ail ii of Ihr Caiiail.i <|. l\ til New jiul t r,,i\ !■ i'('\ c. Mini I.iIIn III iiiM I'liiiii Sun .lii.ui I'. » nil ;iii I'litraiici lj\<' I'l'l't l|l;:li ; III. I saiiil Ixicli iiihIi'i iti till' iiiiiiitli lit' tli< saml licach at lii;;li .1 Inli;; Imkv j I ■nils, mill a .siiiikfn I iIh" Niiiillii>aNt sill. llllMII'f lisol t. 'I'll. Iiislian.i, a sli;;liih 1i mil- Is till' Niiiaiic 1 I 111' Iimlliwrsti Ml snlc. To tlif fast liT ol a null' til 111. Ill lllf llllllllll III A I a Iiair null's friiii I'M'ii (Icj^rrcs las! Ill rriini. It is I'll. SI il> liir iiiakin;: th.- Ii\ I' liilli'N liark .■ iiiiiicr it. Ml, 'rill' lia\ Is J l> Infill I' iiilU .' lis .sliiil|il\ K) til. It a I'liaiiiifl u ill.; IIIC,'<, W jlil'h CVtl'l; riii'iii a I. ,11 1 irr I v\ ml till' S.iiita All I a. Tills ri\ cr ah'' r S.lhll lIlllH's \ 11 liiilll .s|\tS I'ci't li illiin live llllllllll' 1 i'V cast (N. Ii> \ . I'll .iinl li('t\ _\ ai.i IIICS 1)11 t lit' NIHII ll n<< mill- in.siilc i h. V'lii'ii \\ illiiii till. ' .aiiiliii;,', w liii'h I ll.ril li\ liiilisi's. 'Vs. -v-r r'-vi'Wfc I'.ijiil S.iii .lintii ' ni'iNirmii., K. Ii\ N j N 17 iimIin. :^'»** ^ffl '» -s; ^- / ^(^^ "" -**-* "^ — r;--*i . «* ■' Nitiitin(r<' Mniitititiii ilmihli' pewk. -'^^— ^^:::^'^^^-- Mount San Oiiol'rr, \,l'Jf, I'lN^t, MMt '/T milea. I'oiut San Juan Capistrano. '"N Saiitiiij;o Mountain, NK.'Jy miliiH, "i.ti^i feet. * I ^'issiili ^--^^ f '~^;*f^:f-"-if "^ '^'^'■"'^'^Tnr'*"'**^- ^-•r-'^'^^^* \r~ I'liNt (iiilrli wMiili i>rSaii SHiiiiu^ii Miiiiiitalii ■•iT iiiili'c: fi.rtSi tJiilili N. \ K.,'.' liiilfH, ■-^. ¥■ ,\ X. ^\ S«iiii..>;<. M..1111IUU]. .■..i;Kc |..t. N :x K .;t-mil.s from 8 ,i8tritiio : (lull )i N. \ K., '.' ijiileH. <•; 1.1 I, N T!* K . ;(" iiiilo Iruiii Sun I'l'ilrci). lIl'lallM III llllKX'lllltl. > I'AIII'K COAST I'll.iir, .».') The iliaiiiicl li;is cliaiijiril ( 1 ss.!) cut iiil\ siiiir ilic siiivcy nt' \S~'t. TIiori> is ii(i\v 111) siiiiil spit on till' ••asl siilo of till- I'lilr^iH'f ;it lii;:li uatrr, lull at li>w \v:itrr llicri' is a siiml Itaiik lliric wilii a swasli cliaiiin'l hi'turcii it ami tin' |(mU\ |injii'. in ciiti'iiii;,', this sand liaiik — wliirji tlii' steam ship coiii|iaiiv has iiiailviil i>> a nd l)ui)v--is jrll on the starlioanl liaiiii, but xcrv rlosc alioanl. Aftrr passing' this ml I'lmy, tlir stfaiiii'i runs lor a short ilistaiirr to tin- Irt't (or ui'stwaiilj of tlir r(>t!k\ point anil close to it, hi raiisc the point troiii tin' west spit iiiaki'S mit so tar that a vessel is (»hli;;eil to Hialvi' a \civ sharp turn, ami in iloin^' so her stern s\vin;,'s in over the sunken rocks just iiisiile the iock.\ point. 'I'lieiiee there is a ^ood ehannel to the \\hair. I n ;;oinu' on! it is impiaeti- cable to make the >liarp turn just inentioneil without leltiii;^' at* an anehor ami allowing the stemiiei to .stiaiL;lite'' out to il a^;aillst tin- llooil inlc. Local kiio\vlc.|;;e i> iei(iiireil to enter ami liiljow the channel, beeaiise tl niranee elia(ij;es after eaeh Mow. It is claiiueioiis tor boats to enter exeept on the llooil. I'ormellv iaii;;eswere moveil to imliiMle the position of the bar to the eoa-itili;,' sleaiiiers, but now a local pilo! comes out in his ihwv to mei't the ineoiiiin;,' steamer, ami vei.\ adroillx he manages to cross the li.ir when It is breakin;; bywatehin;; tor a I'axorable /iionieiil. l'"ortiiiiatel\ the liar is very .short. There IS lioiii I'lire .iiiil (nich.ill to t'oiii aiiil one half Icet on the bar. ami eoastinj,' steamers dnivx iiiu ><\ en iml one li.iir leei enlei at the spi iii;,' tides to briii;,' in lumber, etc. No seliooners iund here. Tliei e is one whart, \\.irelion>es. a.id se\en or eii;lit small slianties near tliein. The ' flrOHli water IS bioii;;Iil rroiii a spriii;; at the head of the bay. i\( I he exlieme west soiittiwest point of the west spit, tun and one hall miles uisiward rroiii tlu' en! r.iiiee .iiid one and one ipnii Icr miles southwest t'lom I he laiidiiiL;' inside, the line of sand iluiies makes a turn to the v. st iiorlhuest. .\t this an;,de of the shoreline the waters of the bay coiue uithiii one luindred yards of tli eaii :it hi;;li water, lleie the mm does not break lii'a\ily on the beai'h. ,iiid the pilot's bo.ii is l.iunchcd on the outside beai-li when lie cm not cross the bar. At this point the li\ dro;,'raph> has di'\cloped the head o| a deep submarine \alley, wheie the line of ten l,il lioins eoiiM's within time hundred and lll'ty yards of the beaeh and lift\ fathoms within fl?esi\ths ol ,1 mile. West w aid of I Ills suliiiiariiie vallev . and four to si\ miles otf shore, there is a plate, 111 with slioal water. I'rom ten to tlniiv talhoms, over line ^,'iay s.iml. thioiiuhoiit ."sail Pedro IJhv ; eastward I lie depth drops otV into t wo hundred fathoms four miles nil shore, with brown and jjreeii mud. If is s;iii| ih.ii this siibm iriiie \allcs can be rc,idil\ ni.ide out troni the hills ,dio\e on UCCOlint of the discolol'ed W.lter oil either liailil. Tin le .lie no d.lli;,'els in .Ipploaehill;,' llic bai troln the westward if \on keep the beaeh tlir quarters ot .l mile disl.ilit in about sl\ oi se\ en fathoms, over ;^ray sand. The u aid deepens lap itlly after p.is.siii;_' I'oinl hasiieii, .ind .1 deplli of one liundred lathoms, with blue ,ind ;^ieen miid, i.-i within one ami a ■ u.ii ler miles soiithw ml of ihc .New port b.ii . be in;; in I he deep submarine val- ley aliiad\ dcsciilied. The usual anehora;,'e Inr \ es,,.ls rem. iiniliL,' outside is either to t he e ist cu- west of ihe b.ii. Ill ei;;lil to tell latlioiiis of water .ind "ne i|u iilei ol' .1 mile from the bea--!:. The chaiim I ai loss ihe b.ir eiiaii;:e.s at e\er\ spi mu I idc w liib' tin depth remains about three and a hall' to lour ami a li.ilf liei. .^ ;;ood l.imlm.ii k loi this \ icinity is Sanl.i .\n.i or .S.ni .I.ieiiito Mount. till. \ci\ lii;;h and double peiked. TkIi >. — I' he me. Ill I ise ami fill of tubs niay be I.ikeli .is thi' same ,is t hat ol A liaheim Land IIIR, while It IH lour .ind three tenths Icil, .iml the ;;rc.itest iaiii;e ol hi^h .ind low w. iters seven and tlllee tenths led. W'liin/iil \iiiinirt. — Toavoid tin- d iiif,'ei s of crossiii},' t he bar at Newpoi t, a \ ei\ siib.staiiti.ll wlmrf has been eimslrnded sc.iwaiil Iroiii the outenilosi pail ol' the bc.ieli to the westward of the entrance to the ba.\ . The point w is chosen b. 'cause it is a I the head of the deep suli marine ^ alley which carries Ine lalholiis ol w.ilci within 'hiee hinidicd and lhiil_\ \.iids ot'thc slmre. 'i'lie wharf IS iieail\ Iliree hundred yards Ion;:, si\iy feel wide at the outer jiart, and is iiiiietcen feet •ibove lii;;li wald lis eciicral iliieilion ts southwest by south, and at Ihe outer part weloiiml tliirty led ot watei at the end. and siMicii and sevdiliiii feel of water about ei^hiy yards on eitlier side (owards the shore ({•'ebrilii'. '.'J. |sSll>. ('ulsidc ol the wharf a kll;;e moot in;; buoy is placed 1;. Il II fathom- of w.itei on Ihc mild eili:i ol the pl.ilcaii |o Ihe westward, which cariies llv»> to six f.itlioiiis of water. Iletwccn the biio\ ami Ihe wharf the ileplli is i'i:;htecn fathoms. The buoy lies two hundred and tweiitv li*. c \ anU southwest tVoin I he s.iutheast aiii^le of the w liarf. This wliarf stood the sexeie ;;ales ot the winter of 1S.S,S-',S'( w it lioiit d.iina;;c. .V railroail is ImbIii;; eoiistnicted lioiu ihe wharf to Sini.i Ana. (■ ; f •I (■ I fi • !; i It .'.»; I'Acii ic (11 \- 1 111 '>r \nrl„,lt l.lllillil.i\\«'li\ IWOMIIJ,- IIIM.I.' tlir .lllialH. .Mill (lii III.' x.mtlM'.lsl I.HT uf 1 ||,. || | m 1 iii.'s.i I, mil. i^ a I'l.HT .(.iil.nimiu a l.-u si,,ii' Imiixs. a wliail. .in. I .i '.u .-liaiilii'.-^. 'I'li.nr.' i..,i,| inn I.« \iialiriin. ."^.iiil.t Ana, ilini nllici |M.uit>. riic ;:( ti;;ia|ilii('al piLsitinii i>f Nr\v]iiiil l.anilin^ i^; I.alitml.' • ■" ■'• '"""' l,,.nu,l„.l.- 'I' ■•'• ■•"■'^ III l,-^7."i liic bar 111 till' .iilraiic.- Ii.'if s.iull. iifty .l.rni-i .isl ■^. Mi K.>l'i..ni N.'uii..rl {..inilm. \'i>\y I I \>i I.N.* Tw.'nn niil.'^ ii..ilii sixi\ li\>' .l.'i;n .'s u.'-i V. i;.". W. I i I'.Miit ( '.i|ii- .in.j li.uil.'. miles n.ulli i'i_'lit\ -i\ .l.'i,'!.'.'^ '■•i-i N- ^1' I'- tl "in I'mnl I . nu.ii, i> llic j.iu l.liilV. iirai l\ I u .. unl. HI t'Mfiil. 11,1111.'. I l.aMi.'ii. ll IS till' >li"i.' t<'iiiiin..li"n .■! iln- Inn;;, i.'ilin-. ImH' lull... U r.ill.il I, , li.ilsas.' Tliis l.iii;.'. llai ii.ly:i' i.'.ulif* an .'l.'x .ili.'ii ..T .'in' liniMin'il .in. I niiicliin l.-.-t. T.i lli. tastw.iiil i.r i! liis llir S.iiila Ana i;i\i'i .mil .nljac. nl l.m lali.K. .m.i tn tin- u rs|\x ai.l, Inw laii.l- cut ii|i iiv a -iiM's of iiiai>iii-> aii.l lai;;.' l.i;;.i«iiis. . iii|.t\ m^: min th.' -,m iIii,,ii;;|i \i.|\ >|iallo cliaiiiii'ls. Tiii^ iinini loniis Ihf i'.i>tiiii limit (il'tlii' 1 i\ .>l" San I'.'.lio. Vaiiniiivcr (ila. .'.1 I'.nnl I.asncii al'.uit t '.v.'lvi' aiilcs i ast l'> ^.nil li ( 1!. li\ S, timn I'uint 1.: iiiiii. aiiil (U'scrili('.'< it .i-- a If" imiiil tnnnin;,' tl asl pniMt nl" a ^niall liav . .n . ii\ i'. in I lii' -.umiIum ■ liurt of San I'cili.i i;,i\. II.' \\.i>si'Mn iiiili'> scuuli. r.iil\ .i.':,Mi'i's ucsi i S. in \\ . i li..'ii i| \\ . have |il.iiti'.l Ins |>.isitni!i a-^ It i> ;:im'ii, Ik^iIi I'V lalitinli' iili>ct \ .iti.tii .ind l.\ lii'.irin^'< mi I'.ijnt Vii fi'iiti' .iii'i S.inla I'alali'i.i. 11.' i'\i«lintl> iiiistiHik tin- lo« , iniir.xliN I. mils |.i tin- west of it lo lie .i r»<'i'S>iiin 111' ihr slmli III .'s.lli !'. i'..i>. Kniil la;'c l.i;;.>.in'- i'|ii'li iipi'ii ll an tn-I wci'li I'.'llit I.aMici! ami r.tiiil Frritiiii. williiii wlm ' li.iuii.N \M' r.'i'k.in San I'.'.li.. r..i.\ . I'll, iii-t ..|.ciis .ili.nii time inilfs wt'-t imri liu.stw anl Cr..' r.iini l.aMi.'ii ami tw.-hi' iiiili'> .'.i^t l.\ iiiiiii. \\. \>\ N. Iinm I'.iuit r.iniin. ll .li.iins n i!,- (•(iiiiilr\ tliiiiiijili a siii.ill vlr.'.im. |ii.il>alil\ an .li.l i .laiiti.'.iiiDii ..f t lir .Saiit.i .\iia Kiv n. It is alum' tu.i and a lialt' 111 ill's lull l: ami sr|i,ii.ili .1 t'niiii the •■< .'an 1>\ .i naimw >tti|. i.t' l.iw .s.iihI lic.nli. mv .■; \\ liii'li til.' ^.',1 «,i'-in'^ in pl.ii'i'-. Ill lii'.iv \ ■«!.ii ins ll .li.i I ll.' mill Invent .m.l --.mii li.'asl. I'li.' I.in,,.iii 1, - a In ra.lt ll lit iiiil\ a t'cw liiimiii'il vaiils ami a iii'nitli .iiM.iit til'iv \ .iiiis in w hIiIi, w ii h .i ii.iiidu 1. ii{i.iii uliicli ilii'i'i' i< .1 vi'i\ lit'a\\ lii'cik at ,ill si.ii.'1's iii.|. 'I'lii'ii' !■- 111. -alt' .nirimia-.' ■ il ilif .'iiti.im'c. .m.l ii i- .aimin.-.I t.i tlic iisn ; \viiiiN. Ilciii'.' t.i lln -(•('. 111. I l.iir.iiiii III!' lii'a. h 1' l; N, ."i,' \\ , iinm I'.imi l.i-mii ami mni' ami .i li . miles liKlIll S1\I\ M\ .le;^|ee.s ea-t N.t.li l'..,ll.«lil i'l.inl lellillli lli'.s t lie ml I ,llii-e t" t he .seen! l.i;;. 11)11. .It Alialiei:.'! I.amiiiiL:. l'"liiiii tin- ilielior.i;;e al .'siii I'e.linil lie.us mirth m\I \ ei^'lit de^i. . e.i>t (N.il.s I-;. . ili>t.ml .lyhl .m.l a !i. ill mile.s. TJic ii.u I h" estri n ••i.le i- m.ii I.e.l li\ a l.iw lilin . risili;: li.nii ten |.> ;uiiily leel ali"i\.' Ilie iinitiiini tiat ;;riniliil. The i.i:.'. inn li.'S •..111 111 east .it 111 is 111 I lit. .mil the eiit laiii'i' is im.l.i I lie ea -lei 11 1 1.1 1 1 ami i- kiii. as .\nalii'lin < 'l.-ek. I'lie i.,11 ..1 I m- > Hi i.ili.e li.el. in I sl'is. I u n ni Ilm i- In | ,,1' u .ili r iiimhi i( :i| |., NS.iIiT. lull \i'-stls dii ni.t .illeili|il to I'Lif- ll, ami im.ll- e.iiimil enter ll li>« tide. .\ l.ii lieae.iii 1m> lieeli I'leeled lie. 11 I lie l.lll.llll;: .1- ,1 lii.tlk I'.il' lll.lklllx' ll. ami -e\er.ll liir);e, white u.il hiiii-i - atlunl easv imaii- .if leeo^iil/.ili;r tin- Liiidlii;;. 'rii.'l.' ale ii.i d iii-el- 111 .ili|iro.iililli;; this |i|.o'i . Tile w .ilei -Im.ll- -railllall> to the .iiieh.i a:_'«' in r..iir t'.ithnin-. .i\er liin' -l'a\ sand. « heii .i liltli- m.ne tli.iii hall a mil.- Iiom the liea.li. \ t U.I and .1 ijnarter mil.'- 11.1111 tin- l..-.l. h the .h-jilll 1>. ten Llllioin-. .i\ ei .'o.iiNf s.111,1. 'I'liele I- l.iw. ti.'.'le-s lull iieailx .m.' mile l..i.k.'l the landing, and oil the ImmcIi a " lute Ir.niie I.eae.. This heaeoii is an .i]ien -. .itlnl.l 111- ,ili..iil lliMt\ |e. t lii;.'h. and is ii-. .1 |.. e.iri v .1 li;^hl . w lii.h shown when st.'ainer- .11 e e\|ie.'led at the an»iiii|a;:e. IT a -te.iin.i :i|i| 1. he- tin- .111. hnl.i".' ai (I.ies not see til.' h-ht It 1- a -i;,'n thai III.' Il-lilei s .He mil le.iih uilh ll.l-lil. I,l^;lite|s | eee i aiS.l tliM'h.ll'Je .'.ilj.' at III.- .iillel li||..\ .111.1 111' Ih.'ll haille.l I.I III,- llimi limn, theiiei- o\er the |. • N.mi.-.l l.> Van. ..ii\. I. in IT'.i.;. .111. 1 l.iii.m liaii.i 1.- I.i Sum. ||„. lalli.i |.i. ~m|. i.I ,.M li. iii,-,i,.ii, .,| \ (.'uliriii'iiiu. t \i.!(;iiii.i lias 111.- liyiiiil r.i^ia r,.,vii in iliis \ ii .inly. i'>. 'riiriicf I'nail 7 111. till. I. ^M h| Nl'\\ imll I..IM1II11 I'Miiit :iiii| tiiiirtri" IV. IIIMI l\ t W II lllllr Illll.H k I'Mllnl I. ItTil liil, 'I'l. til. ■st\\;l|il. low l:lllil- .ll^ll \('l\ sliiiU.. ■>. III. in I'lillil I I ; c. Ill I III' sniil Iif.i~' W.I 1 11. Ill It W . •ili;;< nil I'ciiiil \'i; !■ Wl'st llf ll III 111- iiiiin. « It Inn w In. ii I li'.Mst u ,tnl III.' Il ill.iiiis a III l>'i\ ll . It IS alum \\ .saml 111', nil, u\ r I. 'I'lli' l:i;:iiii|| ll ' \» 11 ll ,1 li.ininv III ll.lllCl'lllllS til I'll. ■ IMll til till' U'-l' : >li\ |ii|- unit'-.. I .1 iiiiif aiiil :i li.i ' 111' (ll I In* M't'iiii' . I\I\ |.|;:lit il(';,'li . Ii\ a liiu lilii! . >.il t ami i> kill." I U|.llll It ,ll I" .^^ lull', A 1,11 ar;:i'. « liiti- v\ .11 1\ 111 I 111- aliiliii : till' Ix-arli. \ -111. I, Tlicii' I- 111' ll.lliii' lirai'i' a ii:;lil , w liii ll II .llirlinl ,l^'i' .11 l.ii;litt'is rci'ii' ■ini' ii\ IT till' I' ll:. 111".>1I.||,. Ill \ r\cii'ic CDAsi' I'li.iii'. .'{7 hI hi;: 1 1 NT.ili 1 111 I hi' wli.iil. u hirli is uii I hi' ui'st siili' a in! lii-ailv tlil'fc ll II ml I I'll \aiils m.siili' thn pciiiit. 'I'lii' iiiili'i liiiii\ Is 111 iwi'iilv iiiif li'it 111' u.iliT, ilistaiil Hill' thiiiisaml ami lill \ ,\ aiils smilli HOM'iilv mil' ili'Ulrcs cast 1 S. 71 I'..) 1111111 tin' lii'.iriui aiiil rl;,'hl liilliil I i-il ami rl;;litv .\ ai ils || mil low walri 111. Ilk nil saiiii' licaiiiiL;. I'lic iiiiiit Ihihn lii'S in Iwi'lvr ami a hall' Iri'l ul' walrr, ami is Hvc liiiiiilivil ,iml lilt.v \aii|> iinrth t'iL:hl.\ t"ii i|i';;ii.cs cast 1 N. S2 !■;.' Irmii the liraniii ami thiii- lllliiilii'il .iml lilt.v .\.iii|s Irniii liiu u.iti'i 111,11 k mi >ilm' liciiur^, Hiiihi li ir t Iiiti- is I'mir fi'i'l of wairi .l.iiiuai \ . I'"^7.'. . i he .i;i'i>'^ia|ihii',ll luisillii.i ul thr lirainll Is; i.:iiiiiiii.' :t.' 11 li ■,; 11..11I1. I.i.liyillllll' 11- 11' ...... \M-I Or. Ill I Hill' ' ,.■-" 'j:.'.'.' 'I'lii' ma'^iii'lir \ , I! I, it lull w.is II ;;s (';i>| 111 ,I,iniiar\ . I S^."l. 'I'llis pl.ii'c IS ali,imlmiiil 1 '.s^ '. ainl 1 hi' li-htfi'- ami iiii>>l iliirs irimivnl. 'J"lir Itiwnut' .Vn.ihi'iin ins Icii mill's tu t hi' nuithi'ast uf tlir l.imliiiL.', ami i-tln' ii'iiliT uf a ' ll'y;i' ;;l:i|M' I'lillilli'. In I-.~mi il h.i.l ,1 |)ii]iiil it lull ul ■"'S-l, ami it i> i-.iiim-rli'il Willi I. us An;;i'li's ami San l"i,iiii'isi'u liy i.rl. //./.<. Aidiliiiiii l.diiiliiiii. — 'l"u tiinl till' liim'-.,iml ln'ii;lil -^ uf 1iil;Ii ami luvs u ali-l >, .i|'|il,\ ihi'lul- lowiii'^ I'liiirrtiuiis In I hi' liinis ami hi ii;lils tur .San l>ir;:u, ;,'i\rn in ilir Cua-t ami ( ii'iMlftic Siir ve.V 'lull' Tal'li's, |inlili-hi il i-arh vi-.n-. i''ui' I In- limi. uT hi^h u alii - .hIiI Iuiii ti'i-li iiiiiinto. ami inv low waters .njil iiii,.' niiinili- ; tur lii'i;:lil uf hi;4li waU'is Militi.ni I uu ti'iiths I'uut, ami I'm' luw Wllti'is .siilitrai'l lliii'f tenths I'uul. Tliflhil'il !ai,'uuii rcri'iM's I hi' \\ali'i>ul' tin- Cni/olf ('cm/.' ami llie iii'u .^'''« (iiihtiil 1,'irir. ll lie.s aliuiil tlnii' inilrs \m'.-,I nui thwi'sl u .ml I'luiii Aliahiini I.amlin^, ami iimlli tiltv li\i' ili';;iri'S east iN.."i'i 1;.; iiiiii' anil a hall' iiiili's I'luin I'uiiii I'l'innn. Tin' luw, t ii'i'less hill, thii'i' hiimlri'd iUld lill.v ii\ 1' li't't rli'\ .itiiiii. 1,\ ill;,' I'liiir ur li\ r inilrs nm thui'-i ul' tlir tliinl laLTuun. is l.u^ ( 'ii litus. Till' SiiK (riiliriil L'irir lluw s iiitu till' I. lis AikI'Iix 1,'irir tni inili's fiuin ihi'i-uast, in tlir luu plain-', ami finiilns iniu S.iii I'liiiu lla.N nurih tueiilv si\ iIcliii'I's east ( N. I'l; V, ,ili>talit li\i' miles I'liiin I'. lint I'liiiiin, Ni',ii' the westiin eml of the I'uit \ tuul liliitV lietueeii the tliinl l,i:.,'uun ainlllie inullthut' tills 1 ' w r t here IS a lilH-kir-e lillililin^'. leei'lltls el ri'Ii'il ( 1 SS,"!', wliU'll rui'ins a j;ouil l.iiiiliii.ii k aluiii; thi.s luw .shme. I| In-s iiuitli ruitvtwu ami a hall' ili';,'rees east (N, IL'A Iv), Colli' ami a h.iir miles t'luin I ie,iiliii.nrs l>l,iin|. The .s.n/ /'. ill.iw ilireellv u\ n t he eMen-iv i' |il,iilis, e.illsiii'.^- t he westi'l Iv .swell t»» lull Iliiiill I he luW , s.imh lie.leli with '_;le,lt tuiee. In \M III e|- t he sunt lieast ami >mit li\M >t .sWeil hri'aks II pun I he s.lliie slimes w ll ll SI nil \ iiileme as tu |)li'\ elil ,|I1\ \ I'SM'I iliseliaif^llljj ur let'fiv iiiy; fn'i;,'ht at .\ III III! Ill [..iiiilinu, ami e\ en tu |iie\ eiii a \ esM-l riiliii;,' al aiieliui' ulV it, unless well I'uiiinl with niiiiiml Ml kle. SAN I'F.IiKO HAY. This 1 ii'seeiit sli.iji.il li.i \ lies lii'lweeii I'uiiit I , i-iiiii am I I'uiiit l"i run ii.» I 'luin I he l.il ler tu tllf till nil r 1 he euillse Is Iml 1 ll el^lil \ si.\ (leL;iee> e.i-l ( N. Mi I'!. 1. ami the 1 1 1st a nee lull I teen miles, MtM ween tlie.-e t wu ]Kiiiit.s I he liiw , .sainlv shme leiieats nearly Ihe miles tu the imithwaril |ii->t Oil.st w aiil ul I he munI ll ul 1 he Liis Aii;;eli'S ,iml .S.m mi t he 111,1^1, ami 1- the ills- tilij;iii>hiii;: le, lime fur niakiii;; S,in I'eiliu i;a\ .iml W ilminutmi ILiilmi. Tin' >iiiit he.i-iei n I'.ne forms the v-i'^ti'in liuiimJaiA ul' S.lll I'eillu l;.i\. ami theliee it -.irelehis 111 ,1 hl^ll, liulil llilue west hy iiuiih '\ . li> N.) lur nine miles. Till' smith .shure ut' San Pi.hu Mill t'liiins pari .it Ihe imi 1 h sale ul iln- S.iii I'eilm < h.innel, MCVellleeli miles w iile, 1 let Ween the ni.iiii eu,i,>l line ami the i-l,iml ut' ,S.inl.i » ,11 .ilin.l. 'I' he ui-m r.il direetiuiiul Ihe lull I- |i,ir.illel wiih the Imi^i-r a\es ulS.inl.i ( .ii.iiiii.i, ,S,iii ( 'lenieiile, .iml S.m NiehuLis l.slaml>. In aii|irii.ieliiii.i; it t'luni Ihe we.-^iwanl ur smii he.isi. it i-, mule ,i> a-muuih. liimleiali I; luiiml tuppeil iiiuiiniain, ami is tiisi mail it when a \e--si-l isalmasi rmnt MiilTii: fnini the .-until west it i-, m.nle um .i> a luii;;, ll.i' tup|ieil inminlaiii w hen iieai 1\ I'm I \ miles il;-.l,int. • \ 1/1 .11111. s ill. Ill (Siiiil i M.-Mi-mi.i I ,-iill, till- l.u " |-;ii-.-iiiiil.i ill- ,s All. In-," iiinl I'.l \1 1 I '1 .i.liii:iii'.s iRtuiiil. ■• 1. ni».i ll.' 1.111 nil niiili-." t'lilinia liiii-iiii ii.tim--, n s.m I'l lU.i ll.n . !J l: 3s lACUH' COAST ril.oT, J It is a t'rass.rnv.Tr.l. Iir.l.'.s.s II. ly.". nsitii; I., an rlrvah..!! ..f ..n.. ilio-is.ni.l l.uii liiin.hr.. aihl iiiMftv:lin'0 Uv{' in a lilfl.- over a mil. Innn lln> .soiill. sImuv. The nvst ..f tli.- ml;;- lirs n.arl.v lur.ili.l to 111.' s.>iitli la .r Ihf dills al ils Las.-, an.l t«.. ami a half inil.'s Iniui its snniniit tli.' s..ntli.'aNl.'iii .•Ntiviiiits l.'iiiis l'..ini r.'niiiii. I'l can sli-.i.- of tins mountain aiv st. I'p. n.cKv .litis. alxMil sixty f.rl al.i.v.' Ih.'s.a; ami ImIw.'.'II Hi. m' mimI tl..' suinii.it i- a siic.'fssi..n ..f tiv.i.i six li.iti/oiital t.Tiaf.' lin.vs cut in lli.' vorl an.l w.'ll cvliil'it.'.I m tlii« toi..v-iaplii.Ml mai'. In tin spring' 111.-.' lin.'s ..f t.na.'.'s ai.' p.rnli.irl.\ u . 11 iii.iil,..! !•> tli.> l.ii!.'lil.r lin.-s ot' pt.y \\i>s\vi- Tlif .'asLTii i\lt.'iiii:> of 111." iiil^'.' IS ilaiik.-.l l>,\ an .'M.-nsiM. in.'sa,..r lal.l.' Ian. I. rising: from si\l\ I'ci'l (in till' sb.wcs (il San IV.lr.< i'.a.v t.. almnt .iiic Immli.tl t'.ct at llif I'.m'I of tin- lull out' mil. distant. T.> 111.' norfliw.ii.l ..r 111.' nMinnlain sir.t.li the .xtcnsiM' l.os An^.'l.s pl.tiiis to tlir ro.it lull- i.r iM.' .^i.Ti.i M.i.li. , ni wliiili III.' iii-li.'st p.Mk is S.m .\iil..iiin. .Iisi.ini loiiv lixf inilcs, ami rt-a.-li iiiuMiiii.' thoiisaiiil iiiiii' liamli.'.l ami lliiit> U\r I.-. I .'{.'n .iimii. It is ;,'.'mT,illv snow .la.l Iron. Nii\ cmli. r lt .liMTili.'.!. liclu'id i! tli.' I.tml lis.'s in piatfanx t.> tlu* Nnniniit of IIh> nioiini am. rp.iii 111.' s.iinli.'.isi.'rmmist cMr.'iiiity «( tlif ii.iint is sitiiat.'.l tin- li;;lil lions.'. l''roin tin li;;lit liens.' til.' hi ml runs lor al>.inl lialt a mil.' wciiinntlivvc-i \V\\\ .) (.> Point r., wlii.li i- ,1 roiimliii;: ami not mtv w.'llilflim'.l point; tlii'ii..' tli.' short' lin.' runs very iic.iily iioitli I'm about tuo iinl.s, Willi l.olil .litis av«'ra;;iii}; sixt\ r.'.l in liciulit. NVIiciu'mt tli.' 1..m.1i sli.iws al.>ll;.' lln• I'.i.it of lln-sf clilV^ it is ;:ciii'rally lionmlc.l l.y sliin;;U'. altlioii;.'li mm li was i.'moxc.l in .'on strn. •tin:; lilt' lir.'akwai.r. W.-slwanl of Point I'lTmin tli.' ...asi is\.'i\ ImM ,in.l rni:^.-.l loisi\ ami a half mil.'-, to Point Vincfntc. Tin' Ii;;liMi()iisi' on Point FiTiniii ami llu' dan^jfis oil it an- th'.srrilic.l .■!■.(■« li.ii'. .s.(/i I'lihii lliiii. — Til.' whole aif.i of this liay is a iil.ilcan, with il.'ptlis ran;,'in;,' fr.nn twcntx lath. 'ins at .SIX .n' st'\ .'ii mil.'s oil lIu' iioi llicrninosi p.ii I of 111.' liijjlit to loui .>r li\ .• tat lionis half a mil.' I If till' low shoics. Til.' limils of III.' pi. lit'. Ill ha\t' nut htfii .Iftfiniiiu'il, Inil tli.' imlualion-- ai.' that III.' .Iiopolf IS \ fry smhlcn iiit.i oiif IhiihIii'iI ami I vm> linmli.-il l.ttlmms. Tliroii;;lioiil i Ik •ilalfaii III.' soiiiiiliii::s ;,'ivf liiii' ^ia\ sin.l. \Mlli ofta-ional patches ot ^i.im'I an.l nin.l, ('x.-.-pt .ill San P.ilio, while it IS liliie niml. In on.' hnmli.'il I iihom^, .iml .l.ipci. the l>oiiiini is (.Mcin miiii. Two ami a half miles s.m ih tif Point I'i'iiiiin I lie .Icpi h .if w.it.T iiniioi inl\ .It'crca^.s t.i ihirl \ fii h oiiis tiM'r saial ami mml, ami llifa in a few liiiii.lr.il \ arnt l.ically known as IiiiuIhhui'm lxhiiiil.\ It wan 'loiit sixi.\ i"fl in h.'i;;lit ami .III.' loimli..! \ar.ls m txt.nt. Iml li.is lieeiicnl tlown to supply mm'I lor lliejetly lieiice to the l.iw lim- ..f s.iml .liii'.s known as Calllesnake Isl.iml. I'lic islet In-s .nic third of a mile oil shore, ami between it .iinl the main l.iml is the enliance to th.'chanm'l leadiiii,' to the small hi;;.>on '»ehiiitl U.ii tlesii.ike Isl.iml. kn.iwii as \Vilmiii_'!oii Harbor, an.l .Isew her.' .Ifs.Tibt'.l. Irom I ».a.lm m's Island the iiorili sli.ire of S.in Petlro l!a\ sweeps ma l.nit; .'iii \ .• I. ■ the mirth east, east, ami east south, asl l.i Point Lasii.n. The fntianccs t.i the I.i^^.khis in thi.s loiij;. low .'.last lim- lia\.' aliea.|\ b.-.'n .lesci ib.-.l nn |i .;:.• .Hi. San P.'.lr.i i;a,\ is w.'ll jii.decteil in e\ei\ dm'.'Ii.in, exi-epi ai,'ainst tin' winter jiales Irom tin sonlh.'a-t roiiinl l.i the s.inthw.'st. Itiiiin^ the spun-, siimnier, ami aiitnmn m.iiiths it is an .x e.'ll.'tit roatlst.a.l. It is m.uly ii... tVoiii tl,iti-.r-, ami Ili.ie is noilnn;; t.. be leare.l oiilsi.le of tm. ipiarier of a mil.' fiom the shore line in ih.' Ii.i\ . r appmai li.s. W.- not.- th.- foil. iw in;: : Ihinijos up- I'urit F,rmin.— V\\vn- is a xuni.n l,,l,,r u\\ P.iint iMrmiii that h.is thi.t', seven. eleven, ami l.Hirlecn b-et of watt r np.ni ii. bin it lies in'.ide the limits of the b.it|> of k"l|i .it Ihi- point. Theshoalest p.iint ofiher.i.'k li.'ssix hnmli.'.l var.N s,.iii|i >ixt\ siv .l.'-r.-es.'.i-l. .\ ./.n.,/, - • l;.-:.!.. r-t.,|.„i|,,,|,ill to !„■ ".,l„.,it in,. Iuu,in..i |. .I iil...\.- II..m-;i.' •Viin..'.l l.y VaiM'.iintT ill N.,v..,„Ut, IT'.r.i. i,rt,.r K.T...ni I'Vbii. is, ., ,|,. U Sri.i,. ll.,- i.aL.'t |...-s„l.'..l „f |l... i,„, Hioi.s.if AllriC,ihf„rni;i. On Lis .liari. l>„w.'v..r, it is.rr.i. ihK .•.ijrrav...! •/•( /■■,«,„■ I Tliiit i/ilfl iH limt lai.l .low II l,j Vu.uino. aii.t In. liu, il,.. »oi,| ■■ Hona " lu-ar it. Iv i loin IiiiiiiIk'ii mill <• Mil;;f lii'M iicailx oil) lis .siMiiinit the ill lire s(( r|i, riicK\ icccs.sjiiii i)f |i\ ,■ oi llif.il lii:i!'. Ill III. I'M of ;.MV llliwclv I. risiliLT I'i'oiii .si\t\ •r iIm' lull iiii(> mil, IIS to the fodlliJlN ' iiiili'.s, and ifjicli .V Hiiow chill firni) .Ifiii t'xtri'iiiilv (it lllit (if till- IIKIIIIlt Iniiisc. rnun til, I I'fdro, winch i-, iii'.iiiy imrtli f,n 'iMcIl .sliiiW s alolij; I'l'llldV cil ill (>nli Mil lll:,';,'iil 1, 11- MX laii;;fiw oil Ji aif ^lll;: riulii twclilv !• lalliniiis hall a It till' iiiiliialiHii- 'rillip||;:l|iil|| till I imiil, <-\ir|it oil 'III !•< ^'It'ili liillil. '■- I" tliiii> Cull !iiiinln'il latin. Ills 'Hc iiislidri'. { Hi "111- liiilr iilll.Milr >. IS a Miiall islci •■I III li liom til. lltllS It j;, ill, ,.x il olltMilcof (lit)' » iiij; : IS llirrc, NfVch, of K"l|i at lhi> "III. Ill «f till- nil. ■• t ^:-l -» r -«» T- >nil r.-.lii. II, II. l,|7f, (V,,( ^.\U'\ •IlITH'l-. •■iiiUi Mniiica |;;n •••Hill .jlllird S;in P.-.ir.i Mill, \X.:. r.-.i K. i.N s -r'^-'S-* -"^v . V "s' «»v -»'r- "»n,\f '■»-•■•*— -^ •■«("'r;*^ ■•■ ■ IT^ (V.i. I'oiMi \ iiii-i'iji( . i;. hv s iS.ti iiiiii'4. rf «.-■'-▼• vi",^?^ -«T'',3?t' L\.L,i,^, ^ ■•■Uitl illllll.^ Saiiliaj;.! Mniiiilaiii, .'• r.-*! le.-!, MM^Mi^o^Jte. II, I. ^ /( ini ll ''I p j I jii H 1 fl Uli kBSB^ B S B wBS^s ..r.^>mMi Sail l'''iini llili. nx nil ipiiitnl NV\. "»--!■■ i - »-»■• I'nim i ' <« I 'SPBS^MtnSm«^v!Sl^wSCSMSa^^^»! vssammimmmmm lili, H" nil if'iitiil N\V, )t;- it**'i iT . f.-.-l. .s.»i; I'l-ilm I'lliM h HI -• I ! I Ui I'Aciiic ciiAsr I'll, or. ;{!) liiiH b«en von it'ccntly ruiiiiil in llir open Im.v 7. It lies in li\ r liithoiii-* cif water ,\ hi'ic tin' Ipollorn of siiiid si'OiiitMl qiiil" mnlorin, liiii in ihr ix.iniin.ili >n tun |ii)nil ^ vn r.' I'duii'I, unite cln^f |ii;;ci In'i. u ii li t'ii^liUiOU iiiiii niiii'leen I'eet of w .iter n|Mni tiiein.iml ,i sin.ill paleli iil jxelii ii\ er liiein. Tins (lani:i'i' li.is never lieeii >eeii to ln'4>al«, ami it is no! eertaiii wlictiii'r il i.s a loi'k in nitii m a liallast iuM|> ilimiped fniui vnine >lii|i. From lliis ilani;ii llie lieaiinj; In Deaiiinan's Islaml is iiiiilli siNty eivrht (Ie^;rfes west ( \VN\V.) aiitl tlie (Ii>iiinee llirei' ei;,'lillis III' a mile; ami I'lMiil l''eiinni l.i^hl liiiii-.e lieai's siintli litly-lwo (lt'Kr«0« West I SW. \ W.I, lilsl.iiil lis ne.il'ly l u n miles. rilele i> .1 III r|,. Imt Mii.ill, lie III ill kelp llirt't'-eightli^ "T .1 mile Imm tin-* il.iliLjer im Ih; inn '.n I'l'in! reiniiM l.i;;lil li Hi>e, miihIi Mxtysix (Ic^^nH'H Pii--t ( ~i. I'lii I', ) III nil llie liiili. Iiiin--e mi I'mnt I eriiiin. .iiiil -.iiiili llinieeii iml uiie half .;it«e« We^l I S. I.P. \N'., Imiii rnini I'lili'i, wlnNi I )ia(lman'-> Isl.inl i^ njien [)a>l I'mnl reiliu aliiMlt two .iinl one h, ill' llie, nltlls. lllis |(iek> (i.ileli lie> .ili nil li ve iinmlie.l y.inls liiu.iil oil' the l>liiR',Jii8t e.isl 111' I'liiiit I'eiiiiiii, .mil li.is si\ I'.itleiiii-i e,i>i .iml \\eNt of ii.aml frnin three ami a '|ie»rtortO liini ami .'. 1)11 lllel r.llllieil-* liet\M'en II ami llie >l|ii|e. Il .ip|ir,ir^ III he the iilller illiiil • (if a ledgo t wii hnmiieil li\ nne Immlieil \ anU in extent, ih epeninu iinv.inl-. 1 lie shme. Tjie smith - em tikil of this ilaiui I, willi ti\e t.lllloiiiH iipnii il, lie- .liiKiit h iir .1 mile smilheast nf I'nilil I'eriiiiii. Ill 8t'p'''nilii 1. 1-. the liliti-ili ship /i'<'.v/l nl' I'liinl reillii, ami has fh'e iVi t nl w.iter npnn it. wilh hn feet all aniiiml ii. I In' seeninl sunken inek lii's I'diii' liiinilrud yanl- maili tliiilx seven ile;rrees e.isi i N. ."•? \] j liien I'mnf I'eilni and three hnndreii and lifty yards irniii tin' iieirest lil ilV. h has ilnee n- -i ni' w iiei up m it and hn I'eet ainiiiid it. Tli«He. two 'lander- .lie aiiiiin^ the kelp iinl inside the t weU e t'oul eiirve. Crapo /i'"i/.. — This dan;:eT has been kiiiiwii lur s"\eial .Se.iis, luil its piisitimi and Ihediplli «»f \>i.t -r Upon 11 lia'.eulilv leeenll\ lieeii delel mined. Il lies .iliuiil IJmi' i|iiai ti is ol a milee.isi. 80lltlMjde iif it . ( >ne of tl lilt- h.l-. Iillieleell lei't nl « .it er OV IT If. illl the other- ii.iM- ihl'ieailda lllil' l.tlhiilllS. Ti.fi ?.•• uCwt one Is lillN >.lld- to the west w. lid. i'lleie is iisii.llK .i small p.lleli of kelp alioiit It. with iwu." und a h.ilt l.iihoiiis m water eln-e under tin- daiiu'ei and aioiind the other points. /? /. — To 111 irk this dan u'ei. 'I pi III « hieli the ('/<'/). i .md ol her \ es-el.- Ii.i\e stinek, a lull Intni/, paintod W'lli Id/ 'III'/ hlurk liori:iiH/iil sliiiii\.U,\-^ heen inelioied in si\ rathoins of w. iter oxer red Niindy Ui- .oiii, and oiil\ tifty.\aids -nntli from the lork. The li.-ll ^^ives from t weiily eiylir to thirty two Idows.i minnie .i; irre;inl.ir intervals, || sometimes sinp- for iwn or three -ecniids, ami Uu'M follow s a sri ies of li;,'lit lull iMpid simk"- The sliikiiii: app.iiatii- I- a li.ill rollin;; ill radiatill).; Kriiii\ I s iiidh ,i ii hm.iI -p.n n a siu.ill pLiiinrin mi the pl.iiie nl tlieiiinot tin- liell. It IS 11 vj'i'.v elear sonndiny; liell. The folhiwin;^ liearin^^s ami ili-l.mees hie.ite tins d.in;;ei; fioiii il I iiadm.in'- Island lieais north MVtMit.v ile;:rei's West ^N. To NV.i. ilisi.ini -iven ninths of a mile; ,iml I'mnt reimin l.i:,'i|i- linllH«< IhSIIs -mith lift,\ two dealers west ^.-i. ,"i,' \\'.), illslailt .ilinnsl two miles. Ihe imk lies In the uorth^vaid .ilmiit ei;,'hl.\ six .\ards. i.i:m:ija!. .sMi.i.vii i>ii;i i rmNs, Vmtelx •■intii'i jroin tin iris' ,'ikI ; iiroii;,;h i he ."s.inl.i ll.ii liar.i ('li.inml m.iUe San I'edrn Hill ^mie tlioiuiaild four liundred .md iimhIn three teei ele\.iiimii, loriioii;; the we-' s;i|i- 111 Ihe r>,i\ of .San iVtIro, M tin isI.i»mI; I ml il .ippro lehin^ it I nun nlf sh.nr in the smiihwaid of t he ( 'h.iniiel I -lands it will beaiftMi (iiniee^. d .l;;aili-l the iiinnnlain.- l.ir di-*.iiil In iIh- smiihw.inl .lud e i-tw.ird. Appinaeh- ing Point Vllieeiile (f>ai{«' IS I, w liii-h l- the siiiilhui-I pmnl of .S.m I', din Hill, hi.;!, .nil I I mid, ves- sels (Uin keep Il elo-e alio. I III on the outer ed,'e ol the kelp. rin' ten f.llhmii eiirve keeps within li.klf Ik iiillc of the shore for SI V miles to I'mnt l-'ermiii. elose o|V w'jieh is liroken gioiind for six hun died yanlH, Imt williin the line .a kel|i StMiineis .iiid .s.iiliii;: ves.sels iiMv s.ifelv iniind I'l'iii i'eriiiiii within half a inili> of theelilV- wluMI HOUtll nl the li;;ill llOllse, Iliel i'.islli;,' llie d 1st, I nee tinm ihe el ills In li V e ei;,'llt lis of a mile W Inn I'oiiit Pwlfo he.irs wtwt and deere isin^ the depth fioin iweKitnsix talhoins. This will cairv tliclll ontMide llie mass of kelp olf the I'olllt. W'lieli the lljllt hoilse lie. lis mirlh iiv west , N. Iiv W. i, dmtaiil hull .k nide, De.idmairs Isl.iml will lie-in i ■ n|M.|i irmn I'mnt IVdni, and when tlie hjflit K) 1)1 MIS \V| ■;t s.xitliwt'sl \VS\V.> am V\(lllr (iiA-i ril/'l, I I'.Miil I'nlio .':i>l , l',.i. ili.Niaiil five <'i;.'Iitlis III' ,1 inilr, I •imiImliu Isl.iiiil will lu'.ir II. mil liall "rsi N. '. ^V. . i|i>laiil .Hif ami om-ciuhlli liiilr I'l'i'iii I Ins |iiisiiiiMi -.ti'iT iiiiiili li\ ia>I hall <'a>l iN. I'v I'- * I-- li'i tli<- vtfaiii-.|ii|i iumjiaiix s 'lilli • 111 a mill', .nil pi^l nil llif ciilialirc iiiiiniiii;: lniiiv , w hull Ih'-- in li\ f I il Imms, iii^iaui sr\ m i il;i 111 till' h iiliiii. II Ilir M'>^cl is lirllllu' IkI "a> III .llmm ll Itil citL;. lA llii- krlji 111 Ihl.k wiMllirl. -lir Ivln.ws li\ it^ chaiuc 111 ilucrliiiii ainl il> mil i lliiuiiu lurlhil thai -h.- l^ aliira-l I In' I'm Ml. ami mi 1. a \ HI- II .1 cmilsc <.r linillicaNi liy li.nlli half lnutli .NK !i\ N. \ N.i «.ll iaii> In i In llir in in- liii,i\ I, ili'l,\ .1 Mimli lul.l 111' Uil|i ha- Wrmi hiralii! .i'.i.hii urn- i|1i ii Im hI a uiilr smilh nl llir ii I 111- liiiii\ . 'riii> iiiiiiinim 1 \ lir- iiviT .1 lint!. mi nl liiii' -I i\ -an I ami lii..l>mi >li. IN. \wlli I' I I . iiiiiii la-hl h.MI-.' ■.h.i-.Miiu iiM I i'liiiit ('.•iji.i .iiiil iMMiiim -mulHM-t S\V. .whllr I »c.iiiin.iir- Isl.iinl lir.lis iLUiliu.-t , NW. , iliNlaiil ii.it . I II. 1 1' h ill .1 mill'. riiim- iM-lilli'*iir .1 null' lli'.llls fil.sl Its III mil ll'i'iii till- lii.iiiilMi; liilii\ 1- I In- cluhli' ■!! 111. it ll tiui'l .lll'ia.lv ih -ll itii-il. V,s.\,l.t iditiiii'i irmii tilt v.. »;/(<. i.vf'c. ((■'(' Willi norilr.w'-i wiml- li.' it in li.iMIs.lini iinl iifait-r I'm 11 iiin- null- rrniii tin' hi^v samly lir.irh Irii ami;,' I hi- iim th -lim.' i it" tin' lia; , nil w huh lis '• l.it Innn- iMii 111' lia.l ,il ilia; ili-I iii.'i'. K. .'[1 th.' !■• Ill ,;.iin;,' it' th.' nr illirl is ll.l/> in l.'^->. 1 in' mil rmit altiii;^ till' I'li.isi inii\ 1'- tn 1 1(1' \M'-i\\ ai.l in i In- |>art nl > lu I'lilin \''.i\ Oiii' 111' ilif l.in.liiiarUs when vv.ii kiiii,' .ilmij this -hnri' i- tin' in'v I.n!^ I'.i-.i h IJnlr!. a\ri\ |i|nilill|.'lll whili' -iril.'tlllf , lillli! nil till' thiltv t'nnl lilnlt .il thr nl-i' nl tlin wali'l, imc ainl lllH'i- lil'lhs iiiil.s rasi waiilh I'lnin tlu' San ( ialiiii'l Iv'ivci. I hi- Iniililinj' lii'- Inni ani-,uiiiiaii's Islainl, ami it will I'rt' i|iii'iitl\ ,11' M'l'ii III hi/\ ami tii_'-\ vM'.itlni. w Imii Ih'' Im.s -li'iic- f.i\i ii'i! nt lii'i ivi-i' li.' iraililv lll.nlr .Mil. I'lii- lai -1'. .|i't'|i lailmi slii|i< aii.'h'ir tn till' I'a-t .iml imrlhia-t nl th.' >l.'aiii-hi|i iiin'.i in- liany , • It h.iir .1 null' ijlstaiii'''. III Irniii I'mif In -in la h.iiii-. w illi -nn.l hnl.jiii-. -.im|\ 1 1. it I. mi ( ' an- mil si 111' I.lki'll tn a\ imi till- I'i-lltfi'll-I'nnt li.lll-i'l thli.' i"_'lllh- .it .1 linh' r.isl w .11.11 \ linn till- lii|n\ . III ■.Willi 1. \i--i 1- inll-t .llirlinf riirtlni ulll ,lllil llinli' tn thi- -nlltliwaiil. in mill 1 tn In- .llilc III .-lip thill I'.ilili'- .iiiil -n tn sia -hniilil .1 ln'a\ > siMthrasiiT -|iiiit;: up. uilh l.iii,'!- swi'M linm tlir sniltluv i-I ; liiiI ,1 \c--il Will Iniiml in -inliml t.lcMi- is pi'ifi'.tlv s.iti'. III I »i'i t'liilii'l, |s"rj. wi- saw tin- clippii Ini- I'l'iii'iif ri'li' mit .1 M'l\ hi.ivy -nnlhr.i-t - ili- nt l hii-i il i\ -' liniat ma. liila\ni .llih' w i.'ili'i- thiTi'l-i si.tii'i'lv ,1 (las whi'ii ji issrii-m - .iml lici-ht 111 I'.'.lin lli\ aa.l -.mil' ili-la in-i' tn the la-t w.n il 'Inic i- ncci Slntially cXpcriclici'd .l \i'I\ stlnli;; Wlliil wilh.uit >Wcll. whirh inlliis Inmi nl thimi-h till' \.illc\ III the .Saiit.i Ana, l.\iii,- .ilmiit twciits lixc miles tn the iMiilhea-t li\ e.i-t \i the \umi Idnwv iivai the plains it.s ^.'eiieiil (liieciinn I- lie, Illy e,i-i iiniiln.i-t. .iml it i- ,i warm, very ilrs wiml. Mnwin- liii;iiii-l\ .iinl I aJMli;: ;;lc.it i Inml- nl' dii-t It iii.i\ imt .niiii tni a w hnle \ e,ii. ami ii-a.ill\ i diiio in the fall .ll' the \eai. 'Ihi-wind lilnw - vcrv stiiili-l\ aerns- San I'lili" r.i\ .in. I m.ikes the westei n side ,i lic-lmie; sdine vi'--. I-, whn-e ;;riiiim| i.ickle «.i- tun li-lit. li.ixc :i. Ill,, wind was lilnwiii;; iiM'i thirty lixc iir,le>.in Imiii m\ ihili-t in. in Ali.ilieiin. /.''" ///. /.n;/irx.— rmlel laxnralilc alimisphenc enlnlltloll- I '.•• •lerlrir liuht»n|| die hijiliel puli.lH nl I.n- .\li-eliN W.ll he VIsiliIc Itl the l! l\ iifS.lli reilfn. I" 'ill nf I liese li^lit ■. li.lx .' lli'l;»lil ■. |».J liHll hiiiidi'il and niiielx ei-liMi(ll\e liiiiidre.j .ukI si\t\ I liri'v t..t .iIm.v.- 'lie •.(',», ..ml i the\ an l.iijjlii ennil;:li -hnllld In- seen Ml ,lppl n.iehl 11;,' 111.' li.lV V.l\ l,r.»lit»s tep.iit ".eein,: tllrlu. ^.\.N I'liu;.' .AMi \xt;.Mj\i I' N nxi;f."i;s. The WalC - .ll Ih. 1 l-nnll l!l-|i|e 111 llieln.l -allds lMlltlI..t KUIt lest**Kl' I -l.lll.l. ,| ||n|e .^ »wre mmliwi'-iw ini nl It. .idin an"- l-l,iii.). timl tlnir piiiiei|ial .>ni|«»i twtxvtiii that •.»Uinl iiii«t Hk "ShiH piillit h.ill ,1 mile Ml -I III ii. thi(uj-|| a rh.iiiiiel imw i'i>ittTulli<4 ••>, ,i miiy. Ifci.-, Iin . » ,- ciinstrmle.l l.x the CiUed St. lie- In timilsli .i ehaUIH-lfW lUv st^AWiTs I.I ejury mtA .1 . |ms seli;ier- ,iml Irei-hl at Ih- wh.iil n| W iliiiiliylnii. This|.tt> ixme and .i .r.arhn M.,i.-» ,11 I, ii^Mh, and lies lie. irly pai.illcl with the in. 111! -hnr.. insid,-; Imt the .•li.mp.I ],.i> I..-, i. n»w^s.«..,l In the run stllietinli nl wli.iixes .uid lailln.ld linclnll the west ..h-.te. \t the entlillli-e ?;b»,- nHMi;li l,.».s UfU '. I •I'.llllll. Ill's riilll|i.UI\'.-> I III' lilt I Mlll'l' I . -lir kllii\V -• , .llil .111 li .l\ I III lli'Mil lll;^ III I III' iniiiii I'l'lht ri'lMIIM llll.lll'^ {--l.lllil .I--I li> lli'llll III lli'l lllMllt ll\ r l.ll lliillis I ill- fiiiriMil lliitfl. :i viTy I II- ami lliiff ill in:li-> liol I li 1 1 1' I 11 \t ill ti'i> -I- 111' iciililv TAflKIC COASI l'II,<»r. M riiMli.icti'd lis ;l sliurt utiwii' ji'lty fnnii tin- wrsli'iii in iiii ^Imir. TliiM iflly ;i|i|i;(H'lil ly llil-o\v;i tin- main ill. iiiiicl clii^i' aloiiu'-iuli' IIm' islam!. In coiiiiii.; imt ai- milK-cil that the sIimimit Ii.uI In haul vers cliisc aruiiml llir xn!'--! skIc of I •failinan's Islaml. Till' liiii' ul till- |ilt,\ is ililiiiraii-il li\ iMaiU-> iisi'il li\ till' I'liLrinccrs ; amll'inin I >i'a(lniairs Islaml fill Ilili'c 111 1 1)1 1 1 1 1 11 '111 I (1 1 y a 11 Is III till' hi;; hi 'I |iait nl' the ji'll \, the liiji is two or tin re tcct Ik-Idw I he smlat'i'iir I he hi^'h uati'is. I'Ih' lii-h walcis also ( ovi'i I hi- sliorl Ji'lly iviiii-li is on I he wi'st siili'ul thr rill raiM'i'. 'I'lii'ii- is a liar Inriniiii,' niitsuli' tin- cml id' this wi'sl ittly ami well in lnuauls I he Mil 11'. T In- swell icailil.v Int'akson lliis tli'imsil . '['Ill' ili-|illi III' vv;il<'' I'll III'" i'>'"l to ;S71, w Inn I III' Inn III in;,' of the |i'l I \ \n as riiMiim'iiriil. I' his iiii|iiii\ i-mi-nt In tin' ii.iv i;;atioii has ;;iv4'ii a «l(-|ilh ol' ti'ii l'c<'l in a <-lianin'l l hi rr liiimlii-il fiit wnh- : ami the ilrt'|ir^i iliaii^ht siraimi- a hicli has clitt'iiil it directly drew follitt'en feel, ^joill;,' in lielore XV atlei lii^h ui'n. Inside of this artilii'ial elianii'-l the passau''' « a y lhioii;,'li the la;,'noli In W iliiiinmnii is very naiinu and irnnUi d an I milked l>y Iniiiys and lieainiis ; Inii smui- llie pi nieciion nl the lailinad aerns- WilminuliHi l.a;,'ooii, .mil iimlei ilie m.iiii slioie paLilhl u itii the jeily, thi' town of .'sail I'nlin lia^ suddenly s|iiiin;: II |i at the imnilli nl the til s| ean.id.i, nne mile iiisidi' the artilieial ilian Iiel, and vmII eveiilnally spie.id n\er the im---a lands tnuaiils the old site of S.in I'eilln. \\har\es (or shl|i|iini; lll'l I'llll'oi'l I'lll I'oses h.ive lieell enlist nii-led and eaillid towards the entiaiK-eto the clLinnel. and it seems that \\ il'iiiii;;toii will h sc miieh ol its iinpoitaii(-t' as a sliippiiiLr point. Ainoii'u I ln' laler ile\ einpiiieiils in W'llminulnii l.,i;,'ooii '■ '' liiiildiii;,' of a new liianeli of the railroad pai.iihl Willi and east of the pnseiit nne, .1: lai as .\lniinnii isl.iiid. where a Innu' line of wharf is to he coiistriieted. ninniin:.' Inioy, 111 Tail- must tills llllil\ . I tn lie .iMe In ni'M liiiin the 1.1 s"r„'. We saw I in:i. In l.i\ Ol mil tl ked it the d then- l-^ oi-ea ;:h the s .ilh \ ol Hid Mow V ii\ II , w ind. Mnw 111^ i| ll>-il.ill> enlm-s -nil' .1 h e -hnle ; lit I I I mill. ii;:lli, ii leMTM' w pull I'l.lV . Ill II An.kheim. Ill- hl^lll'l pDlhl.H ' lli|;illl-> ol tilllt tlie\ .III li|||;lll . .1 null- »•! >««»e lid ai :>! itii ^»«tl1 >Me|*ii1ki>««>|' %.ts ll ♦•>.'■ |MS • ^ ii li iinth, i»fi| Hy tht' t!«iii ;. Ii.ts hiH'ii s.\ii,iNii iiii;i riiiiNs AMI IH•■l^s Km: san ri-.m.-M wn wii -^iim, idn ii\ui;i'i;s. At'tiT pas^in;; I'ninl reilm ll le^lll.u patehis nf kelp will lie p.is^ed thlnimh tnl alinlll .1 ipiar ter of a mile ntV that I'nint. The lioiioni is d.irk ;:ia\ sand and ;;reen mud. If il is low water, and Ihe \es.M-l dr.iws nioic water than is oii the liar at the entrame to S.in I'edro Ilarlior, she lies at till- iiiivoiiiii; liiiov iiiilil the tide lises and then t;oes in, or lies llifie ami sends her |ias>eii;;ers and flei^ht ashnie III the lilu and liaiiXi's. If there is siillicieiit water on the li.ir, the Vessel loiiiids the tiiooiiii;; limiy oil its eastern side and then steers noithwest li.\ wi-st (NW. Iiy W. for the eiit ranee ot I he ehannel, this eniirse l\ in;; one di.imetei ol headiiiaii's Kl.iiid to the weslw.iid of the i>l ,ml .ind ni',irl\ h.df wa\ tii\»aids the llrst 111. Ilk liiloy. I i'"oi deseiiption nf this and all ihenther ImoNsaiid heaeons. see pa;,'e 1.'. ) Pass lu'tw cell the islaml .mil this outer M.iek liimy ; lint as the I'hannel imw run < so close iiiider the Hoiitli and West sliorcH of the island the helm iiiii^t lie piii hard apoit and the shi|i kept within a Slllp's leli;,'lll of the Isl.iml, passiii;; close aiolllnl the lid liuiiy llllder the locks nl the island oil tlu' staiiioanl hand. In passiii;; his rid linny, tlie secnm: lilack liims at the miter end nt tln- Wl'stein j'-lty, ol tr.lllilli;; w.ill. will he clo-^e nn the port h.llid. When lii'twct'li these tun liiioys Bteer north wi'st liy noilli ,N'\\', liy N.) three ii:.'litlis of a mile to the serniid red Inmy. which is placc'l nil the cistern .side nf the cliaiiiiel .It ll lid nl .1 w 1 n l; il.ini inniiiiiu' mln the channel linm the main jelly, riiem-i the course is noiihwesi In west ( N \N . li\ N\ . ; tor sex en ei;.ditlis of a mile tu 'he lailm.id wh.irf nn the nnrthwer.Ieril side of the eh.milel. Alter till- sic. liner is In.nled and liie |ias-.eli;;i'l>i .llinlld she L;ne> ollt when tin tide serves, iH'iliK warned li\ i IIimIiii;; st.iiV at Ihe sl.ition liiiildin;; on the wh.irf, where the dejilli on the liar 18 always show 11. If the p,isseii;;eis have imt .iirneil I'lniii I.os .\liL;elis, she ;,'iies onl lotheinoor injj limi.V and In-s lln-le lllihl Ihe p.isselij^i'is and llei;;hl .lie IiIiiiil:IiI nnl in .l liu In her. The railroad wh. lives and iiii|iiiivemenls .iie v cry estciisiv e and siilisi.mtial, ami all freiLdilH of iron, cii.il, liimlier, and iiicichandise are iliscli.ir:rcil here from the ships and carried awav liy mil, linl l,li;;i' in. ll ships ■.md nlhel diepl.ldill VesM's dlsi h.ll;;e into liuhti-lS at the ancliniai;e Olllside, and these li;.'lilers are lowed in. laiinlier vessels ^^eiierallv i|iscliai;;e p. lit of their cai;:ii out.sidc and enter Ihe hailmr as soon as their i|iaii'.;hl eiiaiiles them to do so. The i.iilioad wharf .it ."san I'edm. inside tin jetiies. Iiiiilt from \Viliiiiii;:toii lliihor, lies iiorih fcrtv si\ ile;;rees west (N. HI \V.) sev ell leiil lis nf ,i mile from Deadlliall's Island. I n n-acli this iwijiit of sliipinciit the ii llovvint; ni'l-* to tia\ iuatimi have l>een Incited : Fiitntiiif. — The Oii/f ■■ Hiiin/ nil the i ntraiice to the channel, liel ween Deadman's Island and tln- ■aiii mIiiiic, lies three haiidreil yards south oni' ijiiarter west (.S. \ W.i froni neadiiian's Island. 42 I'vclllc (ii\sT I'lI.iiT. Il is :i s.riiitilf iii-^s nini Inmii i„iiiili-l I'hiil:, niimh.y.l 1, .iinl li'''- in Irii lirl nl \\;ili'i, ll must lu- ll t't nil till' |iiirt ll.lllii III Cliti'l III;.'. /;,,/,-,|,I.V — TllC SliKllii /.'((III/ IH'n CUllIS Illlll' >,l|ci> -nl|lll»(s| l'\ x.lllll ll.lll NMtllll S\\.l>\ S. A S.i iViiai l>.M.lliMir> Nl:iii.l. .111.1 M'l> liox- Illlll. I Us s.Hlllmi-l |ii.iifl ll i-^ .t llnnlilns), nin lilliil/ puilltlll )fl. Il}llll''l l>.l ■^. A\[<\ ll.'s 111 Illlll. I ..IWiltll. It lllll>i I.. I.I! oil till' sI.lllM.illll llilllll III I'll tniiu. Il,l)li Ishlll'li IS ill lIlO N.llltlll'lll i.r iiii!i I I ml ot' till' ll II> .111 I III' «i'-l si.i,. .i| till' 1 li.llilii'l, .iml Ills III •.(■vriilii'li Cril ul u.iti'l. i>\ i i >;iiiil\ li.ill.nii. I'Aii iiiimlii'il .iii'l lliiil.v >.iril- ■Miiitlivvi-t l>> v\in' SW . 1i\ W , I'liuii I )i .nlnian's l.sl.iml. It I- M \f ml'l I ltt\s \jnli hlli'll. I'llinlfl '•^■li !• '111(1 lllliilht III! I..1II1I must 111' lilt I'll III!' |Mi|l liami Ml riiti'i mU' ll.lll iiliiMil tliii'i' liuiuli.il .111.1 tili\ iiM' .\.irils limii tin- riili.mri'. It i> n sfiiniil v sjiiir liihiii. jiiiiiitiil liliiil. Illlll niiiii>')iiil .!, .iiiil Ill's III ili'\ I'll li'it nf « .itri ii\ I'T s;in.l\ Iml tiimtli'i'i' Iniiiiliiil .iml i'i;;lit> li\ I' v iinls ikhiIi si\tv ili';;iirs vm-sI .N.iiI' W . lium I li'.iiliii.ni's I.sj.iml. It IS 111 111' lilt nil till' iHilI siili' III I'liti'l III;:. ll lii-;irs luntli I \M'iii_\ I'.iiir ill';; 'ITS wi'st i N. J I W 1. ilisi.int tlinr liiiii.ii. il .iml till \ ti\ r \ iU.ls. I'lum till' lil.i.k liiiiiv .11 ill it.'i- I'liil 111' till' Ul st |iit\. liiDii It till' I. Illlll. ul uliMil' Ill's iiuitli ImtN luii.iiiij it liiill' ili';;rr('s «i'st N. IJi W. . ilis'iint iMii' tliiMis.iml Illlll- liiiiiilri'.l illlll i'i'_'lit\ Inr >.itils: Imt tli.' rli.iiiin'l iiiim's sli.;||i|\ 1,1 tin. ii.iiili Ilill' lll'.lst. Inl « llh-ll I'll.lllUl' till' 111' \ I l.-ij lill'iV Is I'l.ti 1 ll, .mil H llll'll lll'.ll s lliil I ll i|_;|itli-|| ili'-Ii'l's West ^ N. 1 -^ W . I. ilisi.iii! till 1 r Inn nil 11 1 .mil s,.\ ml \ Iim' \ .inU iimi, n, lii.siili' tills Mil 1 !iiiii\ till' lii;;li w.iiir sliiir.- Iiih' st n'li'lus wi-l! t.i tin- wist, .mil tin- iimir li,i\ looks l.ir;;r ill lii;: lliir. Iliiihur. — Till' I'll' 1)1 /.'iK.// is 111 sjili- 1 111' I'll t I.I mi' III till- 1 liiiiiiil I'll t 111- st.ii 111 i.i 111 II, I 111!, ,1 1 1011 1 liiili \Vii\ lii-t Ul I'll I ll .Illlll Ill's Isl.mil ,mil till- I .III I Ml I u li.ii I. It |s .1 lliin' I lii.M, i mi liintii. imiiitnl i,il miil nuilllirti ll I. ,111.1 lli-i III lilli'i'li li'i't ot' w.iti-l iiM-r ,silllil> lii'IIi III ill till' cMlrmitV 111 till' Ulii;; il;||i \* Illlll slii-lrlli's 111" .llils till' ill.lllll.'l riiilllllir loll;; rill \ I- lit t III' f.lst |i'| t \ . It Ih.II s ii,.| t ll I'ol t \ ill-;;!)-, s Mist \. Ill W . lijsl.iul sc\i|| |l II |ii| I l-i| .mil tUllltV li M- \ ,1 1 1 1 .-. 1 1 i .11 1 I ll .ill lli;l jl's jsJiUlll. illlll tiniii It till- siiiitlii-iist |.,irt of till- r;iiliii,ii| u liiiii iiml |iiiililiii;;s In- mn th iii|\ ti\ i- i|i--ii'i'.', wi-sj ^N, .Vi W, , ilist,mt i'i^;lit liiimlii'il .itul tifti'i'ii \.irils. l/..«ii I ml l',iiiiii>. — .\ltlioii:.'li till' sti .1111 sill I IS iiiiu I III). (,, Illlll iiu ll . nil- 111. Is. I 111- 1 1- ail' I «o nil Mil i'l;; lillo\s JiLii'i'il ilisiilr ill,. '„ I liiioy, wllirli lllillKs tin- si'\ I'litrcli IitI (r.l|iii K'oi U, I'lii oiiti-r nil 11 inn,; Inioy is iioii. ;iiiil is |i!,ii'('il m r.ini .irnl ,i li,ili fiitlinins oi v* iitn, n n a 1 ml Illlll "I lilii'i:i.i\ .iml liil s,ii|i|. I'liiii, ;; I li-.uliii Ill's |s|. 111,1 lii-,ii s mil iliucsl I u 11 Iliilils « i-s| >,' \\ -; W., ills!. nil tliiri- tilllis of il null', itiiij I'liiiil li-iiinn l,i;.lit .SW . 1 \\ , ilisi.iiit oiii' illlll li\i' simIih iiiiU-s, lilllSl- 111 ,ns siilil ||VV|.,t ,,||,. Ii.ill v(,..,| rill' j;mii iiiooiiii;; liiiiix IS ,t l.irjji' wiMoicn liii(i\, illlll Is 1. 1, Hill i:i inm iiiiil I l|ll.lltl| l.itlioiiis ir.ils li.i|lli\Msi III u.iii-i. iivi-i .1 liiiliiiiii 111 tliii' •j.u\\ s.imi .iiiil pIicII.s I'niiii ii 111 .Illlll. Ill's jslainl I v\isi IiM- sixtii, ui-st S W . W , , liisiaiii ,i\,i\ hill,. i„.,H. n,,iii li.ilt il lull.'. , iml |',,iiii r'nitni l.i;;lit liolls.' Ill-, lis Kol|t||^\,■.^| ohf sl\tli West .-s \\ \V.,, ,'i,stii|)t om' :iii,| i\,,, || III lis llillf.s. Tlii'sr t\Mt lillovs illlll I||i> sllliKi'ii link < iioiili v. • N,, illlll vM'si luotlnnls iiiilli i W. V.llils rill- lii'll |ii|o\ Is ,-|;;|iI\ -iv \i||-i|s soHtti olllii- l.ilM'r of tl ij". .Ill- III ii!\ III line on ,1 ( oiiisi' I-asl luiiihinls .1 1 '|iinl;stiiiil ill t\Mi Ininilii-il iiiul n^liii II- llliioli|i;;s illlll till- |,H k /.'-Hi. I, -I'.lslll.s ||l,-.l- ImIOV > tlll-lt- is ,» Im-.K-OII pl.U-llj 111 si\t,,.|, I,.,.) ,.!'M,,t,.| , 1, |1„. „,..,( „j,|, of tlii'i-li.iiiml miil> tuo Inimlii'il \iii,|s iioin ilj,- niilroiul u|i,nl. It lus n.-iul^ . ,, i),,. Imrul ll,- «ImM.iiiiI till ii-il liiiov ill tin- I'lul ol til,' «iii;; il.iin. It I \V.). ilisl.int IiM- liiimlii'il \,iiils. iViiiii III.- ii'.l I -I'll s Unit llWl si tllll'i- i|||;||t 'Is Wi ,1 , S \\ is il lull- >t.ill 111 s|iiii\ ill,- i|i-|,i|i .,1 \( 111 r I'll tin- liiii 'I III 1 1- |s ;l ,,,/ lint, III, Ill-ill till- 1-1 111 ul tin- Will;: 1 1. nil, 'liMlll' I III- ll ilo.\, illlll Is iii.iiki-il li.\ il r,i;;i- on (op. On its I, l'"I.M 1 I.I;miN I ti.ll I III. I :^i; Till- 'iiiiililiii;,'h iiri- i-iiTii-.l I'los,- I.I till- ,.,};.,. ,,| III,. ,,,,1111 uTIilllost I'Mlclnits 111 roiiit ll iJiill lli.'soinliui-si imintof.S.in |',.,||,, |;,n. As .si'.'i. Hum llir s,i„th„;„,l tin \ «ill I,.. i.io|,-,-t,.|| a;:iiin- tlu- liiK'li liinl l.iliiml tliiin. I In- MrM.-lnii isi-isof ;, s.|,nii,- i,,vi,.| .,t « ] atl.i.-lii-,| u, tj k.-.-).i-rsi|wi.|lin-, ulii.'lus,i|s,,.,rvs 1. Till- iloim- 1,1 ih.-l.nti-iiM,,.,, int. ll ii-.|,:,ii,l il.,- ,, ni.iiml. of Ilii- stni(-liir.- I'l ii-lii hiilV .-Dior. Tl„- li-ht «as lu-st i.«ul.lis|„-,l ,„ |s:i. ,u,i| shuMs 1,11,,, suiis. 1 1 iniisl In III S\N .I'V S. Iiiss idll /»l/<>l/ il Ii.UmI 111 t'll / / (111' -.iilllirril ,i| w .ili'l, ovcl III l)i-.liltllilll'^ II nil tin- l"'ll f:'3r!:ir.AL^2?:r^ii. IMlr.. llnl. l.i: 1, ,ll llli' lliMlll ll l> il Il.lIU'^ \ if .s;lii>l> 'i>il III! i»iMiiiiiiiir> til'l\ liM- >ai 1, W. . .liN!;nit \ til tln' '; .nil I, .iliiiiil liitit ./ ml and 'iiiiii ut ilii' \Mii):tl.»iii 11 ,ii> iii'itli l'<>it> •;llllllilll's Iftllllnl. I !• all' t \Mi liu'iil « utii . t>\ ll ;» \>«\ tliinl- "i-l N^^ ,, ^t dill' li.iH wf,-i I i|n.i!tii tiiiliiHii- I ii.-.lls ii.illli«f-i mil I'llilll I'fllllln ml-. iiiili'>. -, I I -I I w 11 thinl" iimIhiI ami finlilv II lln' HK-k. i. ( ►ll lis lai ""3S-. i! I'nilil I'l rililll. I • |,ii>|iit«il a;:aiii- >i| att.uli.il to til ami tin' II iiiaiiiil' sliiiw s limii siili^' I'lllllt \ liui llU-. I'liiut Vermin It Hii r.. i N !'• iiiii'-' -•^j" f-a^f^-; •w-^ \- "T- ■ -^ »■• • ' V" s.,„ r..!,.. II., I. It::, f.. 1. w.i'^ ^ • '« ") " " .j^^r-T ■T' ' I'diiii rrniiiii Li>;lil Im'i '1*' V" •dii,- ii.. |.,M.hiuiirs W.:iu<\. NW.Iiy \V.,4S milr iiiiici nil Imriim', Smi I'l'ilro HiiV. •>' J "f «r,, ■ „ ''ts;^^^ I'diMl l-Vniuii I^iK'liI li""-' \\ ''^ ^' 1* ""''•»• -•-^ ■5^';:^; — ' ^t;. . ^ ""-^TV '.5.EJ!::k-„'^3 — .,««r- = ''k'^'^WX^S^^S^^^P^'-^^'^S-^sSSs^ >,,„ I'.ili.. llill. 1.47.1 l.fl. I'liiul VinciiiU'. roiut VVrmiii Lt. Ho.. K, jl N.,ir> mill's. ^ I r IM liic ((i',^r I'M. (IT. };; I.. Mlimsr. Il JH A lin.l tilnh h.ihl ,,\ ll,,. |,,iiil|, ,„.|,., .\sl,.|,, ,,| l'n-.lirl i. Thr l.,i>r ..llhr t.nv. i I-' Illlll.livd anil .s|\ Ircl, ;||| • liiilnli v.| iiihI lilt.\ six Iril ;il».\,. III!' Mil-. Ill |C\ fl 111 tllC MM. II -liciws llir,>ii;,'li til,, ciilii,. lion/ lull III,. Ii^lii uill ll,. ciil ,>|1 |i\ ih,. |ii-||,.r -i,,i|i|,l i,, \\„. 11, Hill «<•■.(« .11 il. sii tli.ii Ml., limit III' \ I si I II ill v is I'll Mil IK Hill iwilvi- ili'^rr, ,., wrsi i S. I_' W. , i,,iiiiil li> nnltli, fasl. sulllli. ami wi.^f t hHi |.|^||ty live iIi'^'H'cs \M.st ' \. ,S.'> W, ,. I'mlrr I iMMalilr i iliij,iii> ,>| th,. at s|ilii-ic it >li,)iil,| I,,. viv||,|,. ||,,||, ^ hri-ht ,,f 111 f....| .ll.-n.. IIjv „ ;i :lt a lliMtlUl,.,. ..f 1- mih'H. i'll l',.,! iiliuv .. ili.. s,-.i at a . r, iiiIIi.n. :U» f,.|.| aliiiv,' III,. 1, a al a ili»laiiii' i,f',"i,>. iiiil,^ I'K lr,.| al„,v,. I ll.. «,a at a ,lisl.iiiii. iil'',':!. -J iml.^ Il.s ;,'i',i:,'ia|.liiiMl |„i>iiii)ii, ,is ilctfriiiim-il l»y the I'liitctl Slates Cn.isl .imi (lemletir Siirvev. i.s: '■•'"""'" • :::: I- I. il,, '•"»«""•''' II- i; :;•.. »,hi. < Ir. Ill I illl,. ;. -,;,„ ||,. ,; l''liilii III,. !i;,'iitliMii>,. til,, rullnwiii^ lii.,irili;;s .iiiil iiis|.iii|., s are ;,'i\|.|i : ''"'Illl 1 1 11, -II. till. I.iyht 1 11,11 ml. IM Mill,. I. ,li-.taiil .'..l mil,.,. I •.111, I Villi t lit,. S, -,; W . ilisiaiil 14 mil, ^. W.-st l'i,.i,i .iiCalaliiiaUlaiiil .s, :i| W , ili^i.int .j| iml,.,. InIIiiihis ( ,ni., Catalitia I.hI.111,1 s i: \\' . ili^taiit III iihIi.h, Sontlii.iKit |i,,iiit Ciilaliiia IhIjiiuI s ll K , ,liHtaiil '.'I mJli.s. I'.iinl l.a»ii.-ii \. -., 1;., ,ii,,,„|| iij „|||,,, I'lMiil I.eiiia l.i;;lit 1 Hi< s ...i 1;., ,h>iaiil -I miles. I'.. illl (■.ipistiau., s -,.; 1; , ,|i,i;,,i, :i:i^ 1,1,1,.,. The iiiay;iii'tic van.itinii was II !.">' east in l>.s."..ii. u nh a >eiil> iiieteasi. of one iniiiiite aul tlilee li.iilhs, The ;;,.,i-ia|iliieal |misiIi,,ii ,,f tli>. I'lilteil Sl.ites Ci.isl ami (i I.'tlr .Siii\,.y stall, ill ,111 llie l(i|i III Dc.iiliii, Ill's I slaiid is — '■""""!"• • :;.: i;i' in .:, '•""i:""'!'' 11- ii; 11 .11 Or, 111 llllll< -;, -.,,, |||, , TIUis lur S,u, l;,l,„ /.'-I//. -riirC ,iiv,.|..,| |-Ni,il,|isliim.iit ,„■ m,.,,ii iiii,.r\-.i| l„.|u,.,.ii the lini,. ,i|' the im.iiu's ti.iiiMi ami the tiiii.- ,.1 lu-li u.ii r is l\ .;:i . I'h,. im.,111 use ,ii„l lalj ,.|' ii,i,.s is tlin'e itiid se\,.|i ti.|iihs t..et. (if .siuiii;,' liil.vs l.tir aiel s,..,.|i t..|itlis f,.,.t, ,111. 1 ni m.||. ii,l,.s lu., ami two- U'litlis li. '1. The III. .ail ,liiiali,iii ,11' th,. i|.> „| is (;■ is-, ,,i ti hi, 1; ;, . ;,,,,| ,,(• ii,,. siaml (»'' .'!(»'". Tlieiivt.rapMliirerem-,. I>ei .\, th,. ( '..rreete,! INi.ililishim.nis ..f H,,. a. in. ami p. in. tides, if the .same day is r 1(1" lor lii^'h wat.-r, and 1' I ' r,,r low \v.it..|. Tli,- diir,.ivmvv. when th,. m.i.in's ,|e,.liii,ili,in J8^rreatesi..ii,. I>' ,-.,V" ami r;i.SMes|„.,.tiv..|y. The av,.|M,',. .liH,.ivn.-.. in liei-hl ot th,.,,- Uno tide.s is one and on,, halt' feet f,.r the lii;,'li waters and Iwit'or Ih-- l,iw wat.'is. W hen th,. n ir> declina- tion is ;,'reatesl, Ihos,. ilitViTenees are two ami three tenths feel ami tlire,. ami om.t,.|ilh l',.,.t, re- H|.eelively. The a\ eiu-e dill'er ,.ltlie lii-li,.r lii-h and lower l.i>v w,it..|s .,ltli,. s.ii l,iv is'|i\e and .six-tenths I'eel, and when the mooirs r|\ ,.„ ni theCoa.sl Survey t i.lal talile.s. pul.lishe.l ea.-h year : I'.ir liimof hmh water idd s;v .iiiniites. .i,i.| t,ir low water ad. 1 ..i-lit iiiiimtes; for hei^'ht of lii^'li w.il.'r siililrai'I oil. t. -11111 o''a Iih.i, and for l.-u u.ii,.r a, 1,1 tw.i teiitfs .if ,1 |,,oi. •/•/(, City,,/ l.„s A!;/, I,-.' li,.s t.iwar.ls the iiort h w,.s|,.rn p.irl of the^'ieai plains ..xteiiilinn- from ihe sli, ires .if Santa M.iiuea Hay as far as S.iii l!..rnai.lim.. ami ,inlii,i,.|ii-- aliont .nie and a h.ilf millions .,f .(.•ivs,,f -I i/.m-.iml a-ri.'iilt 111 .il lin.U. 1',. th,- mirlhw.ir.l of it lies the wihi. al.rn|it moiiiitaiii r.in;,'e of th.. Su.rr.i .'\Ia.lre, .itt.iinin- .111 eh.vali.m .il nim. thoisand nim- hiimliv.l ami thirty live iVi-t at .Mount S.iii .Vnionio, and s.-paialint,' these plain.s ami niilin^ laiul.s tnnii the great Mojas.. de.st.rt n.irlh ami east (if til. 111. ^^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^/ II I.I 11.25 |5o ~^^ ii^^a US 12.0 lU ■tt I il 116 6" Photographic .Sciences Corporation ^^^ ^\ <> ^ i3 V^CST MAIN STRHT Wi^BSTCR, N.Y. MSfiO (710) C- <->i&03 ,Mf <^ fc^I^^ & 1 I ^^ i f ! II I'Acirn (It .\>i rii'ii. Thr i.iaiM iiarl of 1 i.'t»«iM-^ -itu.il.'.l ..11 III. m;;IiMiiiiIx «•' HI. , , , , . • ,. r , '"''"; t"m!:i..r .1... .^.>^■n. an.i snu^lH.rn Manks o,- .lu.roliM.u IMIU « 1.-1.^ t III \rai „.,,.„,. 1, ,s ,1... .- r ..r.l... u.a,... ...iMHv o, .IMS nuMu sa» ,Man,„...s .„ „ „„. a,,. ,.M..„MV.. ...an,- un.ws an.l ^ ,„.■> a,.U a,- la:,l -..t I .h. .u^.ia,,.! ,.•..■n^ . . ,, „ „,, .„ „„. 1.,.. An.-l... l:n.T IS ,....,1 .-... un.anu,.. aH,| a....>i.m ■.^.•ll> l.av - !..•.■.. m..-.. Mulls l.;..v.l l.l.nnv II,.. .n.-a.- ran. .all a> .... An.,1... l-- • .^.^.O.,.,,. -"■•'-■ „... s..v..n..-..n an.l nn- ..n.l.s ,„..|hw. «„I. an .a.. .•,.,.• -an,.. .>..„. lu- ai.l . hr... .. n. I.. m,l..., ,., 1, ,s..,■,.n.•.■..•.ll.^ .a.lvu.lMlMslniM.in;: l-M -l San .•..l>...a„a i. .u, .1.,- 1........ .hr >,M,ih ,,„ ,.,,,„,. .ta.ln.a.l i'm-.w....,, San rra„.-.s.-... Kl I'as,.. .-,. . I' U .■ .-I.-' - '^ 'I-'.",. ...m.M a„.| I.al; s.a. 1.^ ,,,.,.1, I, .1. «,.. N.. W X Mu\ U ,. .Inr.-.-n mil.. ..as,ua.,l s o. .1.. ,„......, sl,..,v. ... Sa...a M,.MMa it.N. Tl... ...wi. « a. ....mlI.-I h, 17:7. l-'i H..' ti.lr .....1 nan... ... .. l-l i..,..|,l,..l.. \,...stia S..„..ia .!-■ I..< An. '■•I....- ..:, .Im- un.t .all.'.l •• I'...- inu.ula. ' .1,. u..,ms,n..n ... VAUUmiv.i 1.^ \Ur I .n.,-.| Slat.- ,. «a. tl..- !.».-'.-. .-vmi m .!..• .•..,ii.lr> . In I >><• .t 1,.„| ., ,,.,,,„lali..i. ..r ll.;5<«' .in.i .». .li.- |'r.—nt -lai- M-V. ,. i.,..l.al.lv Ihiv.. lnn..s as ^rra.. Th.' Mi>s...i. ...■Saiilial.ru'l li.-s ah..iH s.s.i. a...| ..n. I. all iuil.> I" ..•.•.aM ....iihraM (KNK 111 !..•■• \iij. •!!■>. n..- r..i\ ... San r.Mln, «as .lis,...v.-v.| \>\ .S.l.aMian \ i/. am., in UHtJ. an.l. alil...il-l. it l- n..' „„..,l,.„.,..l ,n his naiT.i.iv. h.' lus it l.iui .|..«i his .hail, an.l iiaii..-.l tl..' i:ns,.,.a.la .!.• S.n Aiitlr.s. , ■ , , , \V1,..„ Van n.i «as -.•.km- ...r San l'...li.. Ii iv i, N..v..Mil..'r. I.'.'.) Ii.' -I mi.Ii .1....|. \v.i..i ...1 I'.imi N in.'.nl.. liiai h.' !li..iulii In' ."'iM n .. l.- ii'Mt .If |'l a.-.'. !• il a.f.-r -.•tlm- L. \\t<- >..uth .m.l .Mst .-r l'..m; h'tiMin In- ha.l a tali M.'w ... Hm' Ims .in.l ,ni.li..ia;;r. y.-. <• Iii.l.-I i.. I I.. I'n.iT II. S\N I'l.l.i;.' ' H \NNK.... Til.- |.,is-ai;.- I..i\\..h Ih.. !-l iii.l ... Sa'il.i ( .il.iliua :iii tli.. ii.trtli, iin'linliii;: the s...iw,ii.| tl.-.. .11.. I til.- s| s ,,i .San I'.-.lr.i llill. ih known t" ii.ivi;:.iti)rs .n. .Iii> .• .asi ik> il.c S.iii I'lili.. t'li.iiiiifl ; II is .inal..,..iis |..tlii. Siti..i liarliar.* Cliaiiiii-I t'lir.ln-i wist. I'l.mi l'..|iit \ inc.nl.' I'. Ih.. w.si. TiiMi..-. 1...11II ... ('.it .l;n a Isl.iii.i tin* ilisl.iiif.- is ..iylit....|. aihl .1 li.ill miltf ami til.' I>..,irm, s..iii|i si\i....n .1. ..•.•» w.st S. in \\ . . This .l.sl iii.i- ik'hU rf|ii...si.iil.x .li.' wnltli 1)1' t.K' I'haim.l. Tin- s.iiiii.1i'i_'h .il.in;: .li. ..i.-.- ..' S.in r...li-.i Mill .ii.\.'r\ .|....|i. ln-iii;,' . « ■. Iiuniln-il I'.itli.iins wiltiiii iw.i iiiilfs. ,m' kii..«ii. .\|.|>i...i. Iic.l fniiii Ihf s.iii.hcasi ..r iimtliwfsi. th.- -ivat Ini^hi an.l uias- n. t'.i..iliii i l>laii.|, .in. I tl... iii'i.l.'ia... Ii.'itjli. (»!' S III I'l'.lr.i llill. l.iiiiii ii|i .1. Ill iii\ iiiilfs ili-i.in.'f .iinl ;;ivi. t''""l l.iii.llal.s in t'lir wi'a.lii'i . .\!1 till' I'.iasiiii;: stfanit.| s us., this .•h.uini.l, I nit I In* sic.n.M.rs I'm .M«.mi..ii. .iikI i '.nti.il \ in..; i.-.m |i.irt s };.. iiulsi.l.. th.' isl.tn.ls. .|ji|..»., wl.ci. .■.iiinii;; ii|i I he .-...i-t il(;iilllMt l.iav \ l.i.l I li w rstci s ni licii \\ lath.'i. In ih..ir w.'alh.'i. u I1..11 i|>|.ii.,i.'hiii;: ili.. .haniD-l ti..in cillicr .iiic'i mn. tli.. Iiiuli. iii..iiii..iiniiiis l.iii.l ... I in- r...!-. I aii^.'s iH .|i-lm.li\ usililc. Ih.. M.| s I iiL;;;tM| .mil j.i .;.;.•. I I unci [..-.iks ..t' lli.' .s».inl.i MiiniiM l.iii::!' tl. the iii.i th»i'.|. t h.' Imhl llaiik> .il tlii. .Sii.| r a M.i'lii- t.. t In- in.i 1 h. .i\ .-i I lit' jilailis 1.) I...S .Vngi-lcs, iin.l till- iiiiiiiii.aiii ... ili.- ii..i.lii.ast with its .lark t'liliiini.ttin;; .IdiiIiU' |HMk, .S.kii .lannl.i. I n ...issiiii; till. Ill i:ii II... i-l.aiiiii-l, tin- ;:i<-.it .|i\ i.l.. .it ( '.italin.i I si an. I in-ai' its tki'sti-in I'lnl is .1 \. r\ III. Ilk. .il tl. llill. '. a|i|.ai<'iitl\ i-I.mmiii; tlic nii.iiiil.iin.nis isI.umI ...tn iwn |i.ii!>.. ri.i' si. 1. 1 1. 1. 1 wii.ils .liaw s.,i.n.\v li.it .i\ CI III,. 1. 1 1 1. 1 ; ih>\ .111- ;ii.|i('iall> .i:.'lii. ,ini| .uih ...■.•.isi..n all,\ 111. '.v.. ii|i li\rl\, l.iit <|.i 1I..I Mis., iiiiii-li M.l Til.. Mint.'i' wiinls lil..v\ ti.ni. tl... smitliu .ml .111. 1 cast war. I i|iiili- s.r.iii;:, n\ iili luli.'t' iii.ii.' s.>,i ami shuiti'i. as iC lilii» in;.; ,i;,'.iins. a I'lnim.. Wf lia\i- mi .'iii'ii-iil < ills.. rv, It mils m il... .si .u I', .li.. Ch .nni'l. I.ni li\ an ol.sii s ,ii t.... .11.1. li- .il.init lliirty null's siiiitli.'isi liy I'.isi ,.s|-',. \,\ |.;. n,,.,. ij... >,iiiilii..i.st iiiti.inci' ul" thi' ili,iiiii..l, il iiin'iii was rmiiiiiit; mn' li.ill' kmii p.-i limir tu ihc mniliw.ir.l ; ami a. a staiimi in l.iii'inlr .1.; \:i' N. ami |..ii;;ilii.lf I i:t nl \N .. In-iiiu' alimil .liiit.'cii inih'^ ii.ir.h of Sail.. i It.ii liir.i Ulaml itiul wi'st -ikk Mi wi'.si I'liin 111.' iiiitliwi'stt'iu I'litiam-f to 11... .-Ill .|. thi' riiri.'iit w.i-. niniiiii, to tin- wi'f.t In north \ IT. ,1 lir.iii, li .ni'l llllirl\ fiTt k I III tiiW II .Hill > I'l « Itir aiiil ■it\ ilmiii;: tir ■• illV lli'hs ; till I II --III ii~.sfl|||\ I I -in 1.1 iss:,, III ll> llirlii'-. t>> r III I III' Siiill li lll--l.ini I VM'lll N I v\ .l|l|l\ ol llli 1 1)' .iii'in ilii IN . ill I ^stt It 1^ ;:ii-.il. iiiliciisi (I'lNK lliiiil;;li It i> im: WIMM'I I ill- .S.lll mill siii'li i|i'i'|, • Ci'ttlll;.' ti. till' riiiiijilili'il II' I llirlll, llll'illlllll;; lll> r i.|,t Us I 1,1' 't. l''llllll I'liMll M'l .1 ll.lll llillir. n'lUi'.srllt.-* till' li'i'|<. Id-Ill:; I \\ .. -I iiiil ; liiittiiiii. |>|>lii.lr||ri| lYnlli I "liT.lli- lli'l^lil 1' "CiUlii'l. .Ml \ lllr: ll.lll |iii| t ■- I'sll'ls l!i I'ii'.ii li. IMlMllll.llllUIIS >•> lit' till' .Siiilii >v i-l I III' |>l.lll|S iiMc iM'.ik, S.tii n'stcrii I'liil I-. .1 I iiliK iiri'.ioiMii siiiitliw .ml .Mill I lint. KM III. nil- .llillllt K'l, ll Illll'lll 'I'l l.i' N. .mil ml Nvi'stim, Ml ' ui-.t In iiiii'tli i'.\ciiic t'u.xsT ni.oT. 46 (\\ . Ii\ N 1 liitll :i knot |i)'r liiMii. rill' ili'ptli Wii.s rniir liiitiiit it cimiii-.s in with tlii> wi .iit.'iir.s iirail\ t«it iiiih'.s rnnii I'niiit VmriMiti-. Clnsi' iiiiiliT tlii' t'a.sfi'rii t(>n;;iii' ami in tin- ili'i'|ii'st |iai I ul' tlir rnv •> i.s a l'iii'tii);iii'Hf wlialiii;; .statiun, ami tlir rii\'i> il.si-lf is kiiii\\iia> I'm tii^nrsf llrml. In lliis ri)M>, nii tlii> imI;;i- of tliv ki-l|i w liirli Inllitws tin- .slnnf line, till' sti'.iiiii'is siiiiii-iiiiii'.i aiirliiir tn ilisi-liat';;i- ri'i-i;,'lit, rtr. 'I'lii' am'hiira;;r i.s in li\i- ami om- hall' to Ni\ l.iiliniiis ami wi'il .slirlliTril. 'riirii- all' si'vi'ial passatirs tliroii;.'li tlir l;i'l|> to llir Itraili, ii|Min wliirh lii'iuhl is salrl.v lamli'il. Ill hri'i'iiilii'i, 1.>^H|. wi- am-lniii'il lirrr in siv lath. mis nl wali-f. nviT wliiti- .hhiiiIn linltniii, ju.st insiili' I III' main Itml v nT tin* ki'lp ami nnr tlnnl Ilir lirraill h nl' tin \ i> rrnin I lir wrsli'in |iniiit. .\ RliDi'i'-llrlii ol'ki'lp Ill's iiisiilr, with ,i s|i.ii'i' ihi'iiri- I'li-ar In tin' sliiiri-. A lar;;i' lii'l.i nf ki-l|i lii'^nis nt till' I'.ist |M>iiit III' till' lii'int ami iniiliiim's iinlii'nkrii to I'nint l''ri'iiiiii. 'I'lii' lio.it l.iinlin;: is In till' iinitliwrst .inL,li' nl I hi' roM'. I >Mi iiiu' mir \ isit till' w.iti'i' ill tin- ri>\i' was ijiiiti' sinnntli. !iii|iiii\ rnniits ail' |irn|rrtril lii'ii', am! ll is |irii|iiisi'i| tn iianii' tin' plan' I'mt < '.irnlin.i. fiil.NT VIM r.MK.' This is a sli'i'p, rni'ky rlilV. niii' linmiiiil ami iwi-iitv fi'rl lii;;h, ami iisiiiu' rapnll,.' tnvv.inls tin' Iioith Inihr wi'siiTii pait nl San I'l'ilin Mill, whi'i'f till' laltiT is lii'i wiM'ii Iwi-lvi-aml Ihiitri'ii liiiii ilri'il tiT' aliiiM' till' si'.i. Till' rlills aii'whiti' ami ml. ii'il pri'ilniiiiiiatiiii;. 'I'ln' stiatilii-ation is coiitiiflfl. ami I'll llii' wi'si I'.iii', in ihr ln'inl, it is i!'i'i';;iilai i v rlliptiral. 'I'lii' pmiit lisi's with iiTi';;- iilar I'litls tn llii' i'asi«anl. 'I'wn hiimlri'il ami lil'tN \arils nil this pmiil lii's a Inw Mark roik twi'iitv livi' I'ri't in I'slriit, iii'nnli, with ki'lp sin-ti'liiiiu' l>!\\.iml it to tlni'i' hnmlii'il ami liftv >aiil>. Alinni .1 tlin'ilnl .1 niilr I'.isi \t ai'il nl I'niiit Niiiri'iiti' I iirii' is a small lilark p.vrainiilul rni'k.rs|i. inalril IwrlilN livr tri'l lili;h. ll is ilnsi- In the slinli'. I''iiiiii I'nii'l l'"i'iniiii In rmnl Nimilitr Ihr rmiisi' IS iinrlh i'U'IiIn ti\ r ili'^rn-i's wi-Mt 'N.S."i \V.) ami lln ilisi.iiii'i' -i\ iihi .1 i|ii.iili'i mill's. Thi- j^'i'iht.iI Iti'n.l nl' tin- liliill is stiai;,'lit. Inif Innkiii In s ha I p rills .11 II I |.l:::.'ri| pnilils. li'arlllllu' I \*'> llllllillril I'l'i'I I'li'V at Inn, w lull' till' siili' III thr San I'l'ilin 1 1 ill Is mai Ivi'il li\ iinmi'rniis sh.ii p ia\ im-s. ( )tt i his Iini> n|' Imlil rlitl's tin- w.iti'i' is ten I'atli- oiiis 1 1 I'l p within two hill II 1 1 I'l I \ anls in hill' a niili'. Nl' ilaii;,'ris .111- kniivvn niiisiih' till' krip p.iti'hi's, w hirli aii' slinwii in ili-pths \ ar> ini; ffoin tlirrr In tin ralliniiis. Ki'lp is rniiinl Iniir mill's wi'st it\' I'nint l''i'riiiiii, insi wi'st nf tin' pniiil, ami it alsn sl Ir^ilii's Inl nnr III lli' olV slnUi' I lll'ri' ipl.llti'l s nf a llll Ir lini I lli'.lsj n| I'nint I'l'linilr. Vi'ssi'U I, 111 inniiil I'nint \ iiirriili' nil llii' iiiiti'r i-ilu^r III' till' Ui'i|i. thill' lii'iii;,' ti'ii tathmiis within lliii'r hiimlri'ii mill til'tv v.inls nt' thr pmnt. I>iiri'll\ nil' thr pnMit, as mriiliniiril al>o\ i', tlli'fr IS .1 ini'U awash, lyiiij: Just within Ihr nl'^r nl' thr ki'lp. A ili'pth III' tiirt.v fathnms nl' w.itiT is Iniiml nm' half a inili'nH' tin' rlills. oiii' hnmlri'il ritlinm.-* williin li'ss than a iiiili'. ami iwn hiimlii'il t.itlinnis at oiii' ami .i ipi.iitrr milrs. Tin' linlinni is mostly ;,'iri'ii mini, 111 III ml .iml s.unl, m thr iliTp uati'i : iiisuli' tin- Inrly latin nn liiir it is \ ana Mr, w illi a samlv li'mli'm'\ . I'"in:ii I'nint N'lmi nti- thr liraiin;;s .iml ilist.iini's in promini'iit olijrrts air : I'liiiii l-rniiiii I.iutii I S. "T v.. li} niili'H. ^iitlllli'lt*! I'llil I'llt.lllll;! I-klllll .-s. '.'i; l:. '."lH mill's I'illiiiiMK t'ii\t', nil ri»tiiliii;i I-hiiiil S ',' i;. l-^iiiili" Wfst I'liil r:il:iiiii.i IsliUi.l ,<<. IT V- l-Aiiiilis, rniiil 1)111111 N. Ilt^ U •Jilniil.w I'miil llm iii'iiH' l.i^jhl N. T:i \\ \7 iiiili-., I'l^iHl I'liil .\ii;li Hp.'i IkLiihI N. •.■>♦ W .Ml iiiili'^. T'litil 1,11111.1 I. mill. liiHiH. .>*. .'.Tj I'. -I'.J null s. lln- ma'^'ni'tir varialinii WIS || |.">' rasi in l"<>i."i.anil iniTi-asi's om' ami thii't- ti'iiths iiiiniiU's atinii.illy. • \ iiiM ll \>\ \ .III MI Ml Sin. Ml 1 11 I. i: I :, :iiii I S nil I hii s.lll M M ll M, iiiH' lit I 111' I liars .a ihr .\1,k- I Itiii'iia- .'tliira. I 111 lii-.ilinl, Ii..«..mi, iI i« i.iriiin .mih .iiuium'.I " |'| Vimiilr." T-rr 4G f I ' ,' Jm I'.Miiir ii>\>i rii.'>r. SANIA MdNH A HAY I'lHiii r..iiil Viii.riiif to I'.'itit Dumi- ilir f..niM' i- ii.-iil. mMv srvni .li';:rv.'N wi-st. iin.I : .lisI.IU.v t«.-nlN livr ..U.I .. U ill inll.'v Th.. >|.. .•<• M|s„|r tlil^ .'..Ulv. .. r..ll..l S:.l,t:, MM,ur4 1: .111,1 til.'. {...•|..'M lurt IS .ibr.MM ihr Aii..>..S.iiil.i M...,,, i. « lii.l; i> l.ii nnl.-s iinMl, ;,| ih,. aim liiif. O, .,-»;/ lhi.i<".n:iph\lo/ Ihr /.'(ll/.-I'lOIll I'.MllI Vlll.rlll.' t ll.' -lllM .. t 111- nc.|tll«.->t ttvihl llol (liiilv M\.ii u,\:iv.'^ \v.'>t ,N. .17 \\ I'T ivN,« .iikI .1 -I'l'i''' iii'l""' '" •'"■ «<'.'*l<'rnm.ist inniwi.iti. ..(' tU.' ll.Uf. «lll«ll HiMlir.l l;...k\ I'olit .IrsnilM'.l .•11 ii.mr IT!, ;llliiiilaiti> ..| thr Siiita M.mm, . raii-f. riir l»a. Ii i-« only pissaliU' ;il low wall r. Tlii- «lioli- loi>r ol tin- w.'>t«iii s«i-ll lircal. liiM\;l\ .iu.iiM>l lliivM' ,liil>. I'll.' ii.'1'tli iliioii^hou! till- liav i-< iiuili- ii ri-;'iiiar. Alnrast nf |i arro.Mi a .1 Iihmi nl S.uc!.i M.hiiim. .1 .1. i-lii ol |..il> tallmtns i-i loiiii'l lour ihiIi-h ntV .-(lioir, luii . tin- Itc.hli. liiivMi'ii I.. I r. il.'ii.i .iml till- >.»li |ii)ihl. a siiiiiiiantn- plal.-.m. Iiiiir iiiilcs with-, .-..ticii I,. on! to till- >oi||ll«i'>l 'ol il^liI itllli'>. vMtll viT\ llli;|. "Mills iIitMMhiii;.' ilfplllS, to fiilfN talliiMi with -ii\ >.iim1. iiiinl. atul ;;i:i\i!. Wi^iw.ii.l ol' tin- p: il.au, .imi low.inU I'oiiit Miiiiii', tin- ili|.- in«H'a>is ia|>.ill\ lo iii'.iily tlm-i' limi'lii-il lailioais, iiia liKllntii, ami <-airyiii;: twn liiimln fatiioMi.-* w;tlilii a mill' .-oiitli .>!" Ilii- |iniiit. On tin- i-ist nl tliw plati-aii. ami tow.iiiJH I'oitil \'o ri-llli', lluTi- IS a irlli.ll .» llili' mihiiiilliil' rnllni, ii|ll> OIH- llllli' Wl.lr. lu-twct-ll tllrniir Inillil I i-il I itliii rill\i-s, ,iml rariMil;; iVoiii Ino liiiiiil'i-.l ami (•i;:lity l.illioiis. iiiiulilv liiitlniii. In niir liiimlii., lallioiiis witliiii niic aiiil oin- ami a li.ill iiiilis •>( ilic lifaoli. m .ir tin- salt woiUs. Tlir fa>l<>i'ii siil. of llu-^ valli'\ IS ii'iiiaikaiily .sti-iii.ilio|.|iiii;; lioiii IhiU to two liiiii.lii-il latlioins m tliri-)- fi;;liili> . a mill'. Till' \M-sii'iii si.lr IS Miiiri- slupm;.', hut tlir h!o|i.- Iroiii oui- liiimlu'il ratliniiiH is \rr> ?.liaii A I til.' III-. 1. 1 c! I Ins sill una II 111- \ .illi\ . .iml .nn- ami 1 liill iiiili-s ..ll slniir, I In- « ,ilrr is ium-ii .: with pi'tridiiliii wliuli i'\ich'iill\ ri'iiii's tinin a xm/omuckk irW/. suppnsj-il tu Itc liMatnl in-ai llii- jii-.i'l of this v.illi-y. ami tl il i-anii-il W|.»t liy tin- C'lllrlit. I'lu- r\t«iit 1 if I hi- siir farr imlliatliMis is nii. a 111 I a li.iir III I Irs liy Ilin-i- i'i;.'!i|iilis ..mi \\ liicli ii is ti 111 nil raii;;i- In 1:11 (liii 1 \ two III iiiii- hiiiiillril lath. mis. ihi- mulilli- nl tin- hiIimI siii tare Im-mij: nvcr hi-m-iiI \ IIm' lalhniiis. '|'li. Iinttmii Is s.tliil .Hill ^'!'i>i'li 111 ml. Tills (III Is linl S.I i; ir.lt 111 •|iiailt it \ llnl sn I irli .ks that ■ if I In- .s(aill.i I'lIIIiIIM < 'll.llllirl. lull IS sl||M'I|.iI Iotli.lt lillnllnl p.ll Is nl the .-nast, I'. I ill's|;;||.lt,. tills slllllli I riiu" v.illi-y I'm ri'lrn-iii'i- «i- li.ivi- n.iiiu-il it llir \'iui'tiiti- SuIimi.h iin- X'.illrv. In i-Mi-Utiii;: till' h> i|fn;4iaiili> "f ,'>iii;i M.iiiii'.i lias . .1 Will 111 II knil rillli'tlt rillilllll:: In till linllli" .nil ami urstua-ii w.i.s alw.iv s .iliscrvi tl 111 thr \ ii iiiit\ n|M.il.i^;.i ( 'n\ i-, .»iii| .ilm .i.st tin- s.ill Wnl Us. /i'ii/..|ii/ii ir/i,i/'.— .\ wll.llt h,|s Ihi II iniistnirti'il iHuii In' Iw.ii h In. II till' salt linllil.lt lli. Millthi'.isl pait lit .■s.iiita .Miilili-.i 11. i\. .llnl il sttclrhf.s mil t.i\».iii|s tin- iliip w.itii .11 ilii' In .nl , i till- sllli 111,11 nil' villi \. Tlii'liri' .1 l.lllln.iil «.i> rnii si | m|i-i| tn i..i I 'i.il Inii.i. Thi' sfinln; Wistiil wimls iii.iIm' .1 hi'.ns swill si|ii,iirl> upon Ihr Ix-ach. ami 111 nlii' nl thf lica\H-.st MnW.s the nilti'i p. II I 111' till- '.v h.ii f w.is ilaiii.ii;iil . I s,s;i , Ixilp III Siiiitii l/i. ,'•<.. I /;.(«. — I'iniii rmiit S iiiiiiiii- tniiml tn thf tcniiiii.itinn nf fln» iik'U\ liluli at .Mal.i;:.i(o\.' .h s, riiu i| mi p.i-.- 17 tin- si,..., ■ is l.i,|,|, n-.i i,v ,, ii,..i\ \ t\v\,\ nl Urlp, whirii Ih-h frmii oiir.iu.irli'l to m',i|l.\ llilii- i|il.nii Is nt .1 milr nil slimi-; nnltln' niitsnl.' nl;;,' is ;;,.|ic| alh 111 t, ., fatlinllis nf « aliT. Nii./inn/M. h.iw liii'ii ,|| M.,..il II, this k.'l|,. . Mi'i'l ., sind'il r... A i»ni' rinllth nl ,1 liilli' nil K, Mill I'oilil. " hull Is mil' ilnnl nf a ihili' sniitln'.i.st Iiniii \li»U\ I'l.nit. Cniiiim'miii-.il.nut tliti'.'ipi.iiiiisnf a mil.- s.isinl S.nii.i Mmnr., w half , now t'oni;; into ij.-nn Ihi' ki'lp Ins 111 .1 .nii,,,.„i 1,1,,. !i, I II,,,.,. iinh'salni.,' tin- shm,. ti„ th.-r In Ihr «.-M w.inl, .iml stivirh III- nut III (niii ami ti\,' f.itliniiis ,ii M.u.r at ,11, ■ tlnnl nl .1 mil, f, .„, ilii- shntf. Ki'l|, is alsn tniili.l miitl„..,.st nl I'mnt Kinu,'. nil li.ilh s|,l,., ,.r I, ,,111,. CnM.. ami iv.nhi's nut I.. t.'li falhnmsnf w.ii.r. ,.M-,.pi iiinm'.lni.'l\ ,11 Hut .imlmi., ...,..„ |„.,,. n |s ,,,ul,. , I,,,,. ii,,hnii'. A|niii,.lth,sh,.i,'snr.S.iiiIa .M,.iii,,i !:,> iMiii Mal.i^.iCu.. In I »n nnh's w.-m „f .Saiil.i Mi.iiir.i. ..ml al.ii'.ist till' lii;;h imiiiiil.niis. ih.' In ' fn fathn.iM ,s fmiml mi.. i.,,h- nil' s|,.,r.- ; thi'ti.r In |'.,i:i: , 'l-' ."." SMrM> ilu.i-...f l-.,lll,„l...v , 1 l;..ln « I, , 1, ...U,,.,,. ,. „ 1 ..r,,,, , |... |,. .I..- -lani.' mv.i, II. i|„. n.,.1 I.I. I...r.|rri„u ilii- 1...., I, ^,„„.. « ,,. „.., ,., „... ,.,^.„., ,,,^,,,,, ,,|_^. ,^,^^.,^,, ,_, M.n,l... !...>.' ,|,i,v.'. .,,,.'1 1,,„l«|,.|.. .„..„,,|., .|,,n.i| H.ti.'n- Imti. 1., II... ,1,..,.,. «..,,i., U «i...l. \l/.r.ilMi.- 1 li.nl .s.llll \ .M..M.:il.l .I.-,,,;, 111... \]„„ l,:,j ,,» ,, • ,,,,,„ 1 „« „.,.|., •■ ^rt'fs west, ami ' Siiila Miuiirii I: iiorlli ttt till- nil" tInVfNl Itl'llll IKM IlllliiHl (rlllini.lli iiarlv tioiil ■ <'l' S.ll;l;i M.iih. . till' S.iiiLi Mum. I strrii swell Idr.iK, r. Aliic.ist of |i ■• nil sl.Kic, liiit , ! Ii'> VMilf, >,tlf|rlH . til fiilfv r.itliiMi! . It nilllll', till' i|r|,I '111,' t«(i lillllillv.l iWlliN I'ullil Vii; Ml' llUllltll'll I Itllll': I. !•> mil' liiiiiiln i[ Till' i',i>.tiiii siili III lllli'i- i'i;,'lill|s . "iiiis IS \,T\ .s|iai|. I' W.lli r Is I'.ivcir.l • till III'. II till- hi'.i.i niilii'.iliiiiis IS iiiii t.lll;;i' I'l.C!, llllIlN iM' l.ulimiis. I'll, th.it III Ihi' S.iiii.. .'II. til' tins siiliih I lit riinniii;: taMl,i Mi'iiHU hav. I\. I'i'.i Sli.'lltT. >«i,l.i NrMiKH hav. Shy K. In mill' 'J|i»»»-. ^TS^Z^^T^SZ^- Idnii- c.M-. .saiil.i .M..i.Ha hii>. Ciisii,. I'.ak, :!.il.llir..t. I i i t I'ACIIIC ((lAsr IMI.nT. 17 Diliiif I 111' liiHMii" tliiitv r.illHiriis i-4 aliiiril iwif in lie rroin rnjni N'mrnitr to ruinr llil«*iM'iiU'. t >n ilii> (I HUM', iiiiilfr r,i\ m.ilili' a I Mii)s|i|ii-rir nmilitiniis, tlic lii;,'ln-s| fmir ilcrliir li|,'lits of Los Auricles art- .-.omi'liiiH't \ isililc, atin the !a< f tlic rlilV mi tlio n<>illiuc>t Niclf i<\' ilir Aiic>.\i> S.inta Miuiica anil i rar llic lirail oC ilic |irrNrnl whatf. To tlii' wiUiM' II |ni-.i'iils a liKiii scM'iiiy list' I'cct hi^li am! («ii lirindrol ami M\t.\ --ix ff-t Imi^. ami is Hiirinoniiii'il liv a Ini^li tnwi'i- ami lii'lvcilcic. It is la^il.N sn-ii liy tlir strainrrs mi tlii-ii' usual CUnrNi' iVmii I'lilnl \ inrt'iiti' tn I'olllt llll'lii'liM'. 'Sinilii M'liiiii WiHil ijiiii. — Till' vM'sicrl.v wimls lilnw ijiiitc slnni;; (i\cr llii> bay, ami in Mari-li, 1872, We t\iM'ri('Mi'f(l a \i\\ srvcff nmlli wcslri'. wliicli cut away partH ol'lhi' licarh ln'twri-n Santa Monica ami I'mnt Diinic ten t'cct in tli. 'I'lic low lami lictwccn San I'cilro llill ami the Saiitii Monica Mixintains atVunU a ^'ihhI w mil ;;a|) I'ui tlic ccxil wimls t<> ilraw ii\ cr the I, us Aiiu'clcs plains townnls the liniici re;;imisi>l' San lieniarilimi ami the MMJaveaml < "olm-ailu ileseils. In tin' seasmi of fo};s they iir>t ciiviT the hay ami llie shmes in the afteiiKimi. ami are iniislly ilissi|iatei| ilniin;; the lie\t imiiniii;.-. Till Sliiiiis (iii'l \ iicltiiiiii/is lit Snitii Mmiirii llitii. — I'rmn I'lniit \'ineeiile. w liieii is iht' smitlr t'tiHtcrn limit nl'Sant i M.iMica Uin. tlieclill's trcml iimlli thiity seven i|e;;iee> west 'N. '•' \\ . for ii little imiic than two inihs, tn Uockv I'mnt. Ixoihii /'••Ki/.— This Is a liij,'h. Iinlil |i(iiiii, risiii;; raimlly iVmii a lilnlV cit mie liiimlreil ami t went y IVottothe wesleiii eMieinily nf Sail I'eiliu lllll. 'I'lie iiiil sealieiielies. es|ieeiall\ tliii^eiif three lllllHll'eil, s|\ liiiiiilieii Kile t limisainl. ami tW'cKe lillinll'ecl led ele\itimi al>'>\'- t he sea. llie Very lliarlicil mi ihe >lii|ie lit' the hill hark lit' this piilllt. Kelp streli'hes mit ll.tll .1 mile t'rmn the piiilit fo Hfteeii lal limns ul w iter, 'i'lie w Imle I'mce iil t he w estei n sv\ ell hre.iks li cavils a;:ainst the el ills from I'mnt X'lmenie in llmky I'. mil, ami hence ti> Mala;:a ('<>ve. Miilii'iii Ci'ii. — I'rmn Kocky I'liiiil tliehulil slime niiis twnainl live eij;litlis miles neatly nmtli- nortlieast. Ill M.ilui < 'unc, u In^ie tin- cli.uaiter nf the in isi line cliaii;:i's t'r(Mii lii;;h liliilfs tn rnllin;;, Hra.s.sy ii(|;;es ami sani|> lieadi. Al this liemi nl I he slmic the main massnfthe kelp streti-hcs out more than li ilf a iiiile. with a ileciilcil Ineak in the in is.s leailiii;; to the aiiclinrauc It is a ;;niHl Hliultei' fill wimls Irmii the iimth. cast, ami sniitli. lull it alfniiis im pi-niectimi Irnin the swell which heaves ;r,i\ saini, wiili iJneky i'mnt two inula h.ilt miles i|i>taiit. Iie.iriiii,' smith Ity wcsi . S. liy \\. i. Sm.ill vessels m ly i,'n in closer ami illlChor insiili- the kelp III Imil t lllimils, n\er ;;iMy s.iml. i'liere is mi ;,'nni| lin It 1.11111111;^ here, ami no Wood nm w iter. Finn I \|al.l^ I ( 'n\ e the Ili^ll cl ill's rliaii:;e tn Inlli^, lull 1 11;^ sailil i III lies a I nil It nlle hlimlreil feet III height :"ii| p ii.illil In the sliai^lit, sinnnlh s.iml lie.ich. insiili' nl these iliiiics are ;:i.issy lid-es. n'lU'hiii;: Iwn hnmlreil ami Imtx Icei elexatimi, ami heynml .iie Inn.nl ilcpioseil pi. mis. Six .iml oiie-ipiarlcr inih-s nmlli nf rmnl \iiiceiite ami ln-himl the lil'st low ii(!i;e nf siiiil ililiics lies ihi- siiiiill Hdlt !>■ lllll, w here silt Is ni.iniif.ictnreil in cmisnleralile ipianlities ami I r.in-.pnrlcil lit teen inilo t4) lios .\ii.;elcs. M ilu' nine nl the siir\ey it was ei;;llt feel helnw the Icxel nf lii;:li w.iler. ami the water h.is .i inmh ;;re.iler specilic ^r,i\ ily than llu< seawater. It is nt liiinted extent. Iii-inu four hiiinli'iMl y.nds loiijj In one hiimlred and lifly wide, and in ordiiiiry yens the |irndml is iwn liiimlied ami tiliv tmis; in favor.ihle seasons it li.is iiseii to live hiimlied Inns. /'/,, I'm I III' l.ii IliiUiiiiit. — The dunes ami hills on the «'asl side nf .Saiit.i Mnnica it.iy ••mitinnc north wc^l v\.lii| sexiMi m ci;;lit III lies In a limit lift ecu miles nmt h twenty Iwn de;,'rees west i N. --^ \\ .) from I 'mi I N'lmenle. where there is a iioticealilc hiith sand diiiie mi the smit licin Itnrder of a lar;;e IftKiinii i-.illi i| I.I r. illmia, w hich lia> its oiith'l near llierc, ,ind niV wliieli there iminei 1\ il.s7I)|ay li lit;htei lf> winch isphaltiini was shipped. 'I'lie " mesa," nr lahlc l.iiid, lies inside these dunes, and when seen Irmn the westw.nil shows very distinctly, while the iimtlicri ed:.;i' ends \ cry alililptly 111- II the l.lu'nnii. Ketwccli Ihe la^^nmi and the iiceaii IS a ll.llliiw sand-pit twn miles Ion;;, riiniiiii- tn the iinriliwesi w.irl, cmitiniimis with tin- ;:eiici',il direrimn of the slimc \\ the W)iilliciii end nf this satid spit tin- waters nf the li.illona (!reek formerly einpticl. .V new port is ImIiii; cmisirmted at this italloiia li.t;;ooii, and an artificial eiitr.ince li.is liceii in ide pei pcndiciilar to the lie nil ill place of the iiioiithof the creek. Mehiiid this samlspit is the harltor proposed 48 I'Ain If ii*\-\ ni.oi. i H f ti.h.'.lr.Ml;.'.'.l cut. .111.1 til.' •'Iiips ;ir.' |.. ,|i«. Ii.ii -.• .in.l |.. I.m.I .ilditf^i.! « li.itM'H. on \\\,. ,■ r.nliii.nl i^ I. nil I'tiicf in I.oh Aii^iiIis. Till- low nImht .iliMii; III.' iVnh! ..t iliis l.i-.M.ii .•\|.inl> iH'aily two iiikI it luilf iiiilcs to tlic n.i \\.->tw.inl. "Mil llif >:"'iii.'l iiMii-^.nll\ liiiiii 111.' l.i«.M.?i. I.iit Ciiiiii;; tin- oi'.'.iii. Willi Nl«'. I lien.'.' Mil.' aii.l .1 li.iir Miil."< l.> III.' aiin\.> S.iiila M..iii.'.i. « li.'iv lli.> iii.'Sii is rit'ht\ ll\.< !.•. Till' .irnnn li.is a ii.iirau ..|m'Iiui;; ii|>i'M Mm' >'«■.» l»':>''li. ami li.ii' ">• t.niiril im lis> lliaii In. ., Iiiirll\ iiiarlx.'.l .il.l s.'a I.'M'N. .s.r»i/.f l/.iH(..iisa small xillaiif "II I'l.' lal-l. laii.l. liH.'.ii niil.'s li.'iii i'-iiiil Nil ill.-, ainl : U«riiiiiiii-'.>rili.' l..>-i AiiL.'i'l.'>ati.l lii.li'(M'ii.li'i IJnlnia.l ifii.i' t.i i,.i.H Aii;:.'l.'s. Tli.'i.. wu.h a «!. , llv.' Iiiiii.li.'.l ami i*.\.iit\ luf l'.'.l l.iMi; iii.>i.'i'liii»; .liiiTilv rn.iii llu' la t' llu- MulV iiit.i |v>. ' liiiii li.'l "if wat.T. lull II IS ii'|i.irl.'il as Im'im;: now wlioll_\ iif«I.M'l»' Ion.-. lliJH as :i \\.i\ I •oil. Ti'lrs lit S'liilii \/..ii..ii. — rii.'<'..ir.<'li'.l INl.ililisliiii.'lit.oi iiif.in iliI.'M.il Itflwccii tin' tnii.' ..i miHin's Iraiisit ami tin' In I' lii;:li w.ittT, is I \ !'."»•. Tin' iii.'an rise aii.l fall ol ili>' ii.l.'s is 1.. ,i . lilMf It'lillis r.'.l, I'l Npliii;; llii.'s ('i;;lit li'd. ami ol in'.t|> Inl.'s I wo .mil Iw.i Ictnhs Icrt. Tli.' i ■ .III rat ion .iillic iIo.mI is .". IL" . ami of III.' .I'l. 7 07 ' . ami ol tin' stain I <•' .l'.» . Tin' a\.'iai.'i' .1 ■. .'111'.' ol' till- lii>:lii'r lii-li ,111. 1 l.uMi low wal.'i^ .il III.' S.I 111.' il.i> w.i" «!>> 'iml lour tfiitlis ti-.'t, .in. I ;:r.'al.'st inn.' t.'.'i. '1.1 timi 111.' tiiii.'s aii.l ln'i;;iils ol limli .iml j.iw w.it.Ts. .i|i|il> I li.' I.illow iii^j I'oi r.'.'ti.ni'^ 1.. ' tilin's ami li.i;,'lils tor .S.iii |)ii'i;.i |.iililis|ic.l . m.Ii \.ai !•> l In' < 'o-i>l .in.l ( if'.l.l ic •"siii \ i'\ : I'.ii ! .if li lull watii, siil.ii.nl .It' veil miinil.-*. loi low vv.it rr. nl.l si\ iiiiiiilt.'^. l''.'r lii'iclil ol liii;li » .•■ adil on.' ami t w.> t.iitiis i..i ; for l.iw w.it.'r, .nlil oin' .iml l.'Hi l.'iillis tVct. I'l. nil III.- A I l.'\ .> ."^.Ilit.l Nlolili'.i 111 r.iilll Illlllli' III.' ro.isl liins soiitll -"IXlV llllii' ili'^lii ^ ■'■ fS. (i'.t NV.; I'.ir i.iiiri.'.'ii iiiilc.-'. W.^i « .u.l of tin' arioso tlir i.iM.' I.iml ii.iriow s \,.i \ r.ipi'l \ . . Ill li'.ss III. Ill two iiiiio til.' Iii;ili iiioiiiit.iin* ol till' .sii.'ir.t Saul. I Moiiic.i, wlmli ii-arli two ili.in- li\.' Iiiimli.'d l.'.'t .l.v .iiioii. i-oiii.' .III. I 1 !\ II I ion 1 In' oi'. .in. so iliii a I si'vcial iioiiil- no lica.li i-^ - Tin' w liol.' I loll I 1 1 oil t . it 1 III-, str.'l.'li ol .nasi iiiic IS 111.11 1.. 1 1 li,\ lii;;li Mil IN .iinl ilf.'p .irid\i>.. » .'III lliioiiuh 111. 111. \t on.' |il.i<'t' .iloii:; ilii' olioii' wi' loiiml a ro<'k\ |iio|i .-Iniii .ni tin' low wat< i III' llir lirai'l Ili|i.isi'i| ,.| uill Miaik.'il I'ollllnll.il hi^.til. IuIIii'k ,sl„ltii. riii> aiiclioi.ii.'.' Iif> .III III!' I'.isl siili' of M.tia;;.! i'.iiiit, tln« .nilv low |>.. r (lie aliovi' (Icscrilii'il lioM .'oast Im.'. nun" iiiili-s wi'siw.ir.l aloiii; sliori' rnnii S.uila Moiiiri « iinl Ni'\.'ii iiiil.'N I'.i^iwari'.lv Iroiii I'mnl Oiiin.'. I'li.' «U'|>lli .il w.ii.i nil --lioi.' iin'i.'.isc-, to (■ lwinl\ i.iilioiii-.. .i\..i' iimkI ami nr.ivi'l. oin' inilf oiilMili' tin' iioinl. 'I III' loialilv .pI liiis .iiiflioraui' is rr'^ouiii"''! •'> lln' well in.iikr.l i.'.l ol f.i.'ks s| n'l.liiii. slioii' al .1 point li.ilt .1 mill' l.i ihi' wcstwiiril ol tin- am-lioiaci'. Wln'ii lar ciioncli oil sliorr l.> • III.' inlciioi rail;;.' ol 111. iiiiitaiiis 111 virw ovrr iliosi-ol tln' iiinm'tli.itc I'oasi inn'. In iii;; Sa.l.il.- \i'' aiii lo li.'ar norili li.ilt i-.i.si N. \ i:. m,! ,i,.,.| i,,| n. Tin^ .-..insi' l.-aiL-i lo alHiiit aipi.nln .il . • I'a.s. ol till' am-lioia^i . I >iii iii;; tlif picv .ili-mt' ol \\i'sl<'rl\ w imls 1 1 is ail\ isaltlc « h.'li appio .■ Ilii.s a'lclior.i;;.- i.i ki'i'p soMifW liai lo llir I'.isi uaril in onli'r to appioarli .tml select a I.erlli » .s|iip"> III, 1. 1 t., till- uesiM. nil. Iliiii III until tin- soiilliwestern point ol tin- amlnn .i-e l>.-ii > s.iiiiIiwi-n| ^ W .-sW . a I II lilt on.' . I nailer ol a mili- ili^l.inl. ami aiielmr in li\ e |o n.-x .-n Litliom-. . line ;:r.i> saml. 'riiei,. is - I lio.it. I. imlmi; .iml uo.m1 .iml w.uei at .ill se.isi.ns. .■^.kMI.- .Mount. nil i> III.- .-ast. inmost pe.ik .ii' a l..tl\ .iinl \m-II • ■ east li\ II. mil iNI-;. I,\ N 'i,,,,, i',,|||| II, I Kuiiii;; a M'ly li.'.iN \ lij.ov fioiii ill.- iioi 1 h w .-.t in .M.ireli. Is71. \m< were convineetl tli.il of iniporl.ime as .1 li.iili.ir ot relu-i' lor \ e.-^i U m liia\\ iioilliw.'st w.'.iiher. Tln-rewas - "•"'■'' '" ''" \''. Ill'' wiml I. lew iiei,-, |\ oil >li.,n' o\.'i 111.' m-ek of I'mnl lliiine. .iml sni.ill \. f.iulil lie Willi. ml .l.iii-er or .lis.'omion. it i, -,hmI |..r all wimls fi.iiu s,inil,Me>i. \ve>.t. mm: iiiiillieasi. h Ma.s ire.pieiiiiN iisi'.l l.\ III last siirM'Miii,' seli. r Hi,>„h„l,li 111 is.-.c. ,iml n; iipiiii Cavoialils. ami that a ilepilml in .' lii lioni- 1.1 iH-i-.irrie.l .-l..^.' iiiv|„,i,.. |t li.i, i,....: .lany.-rs, ami tln're is \ei\ liiil,. kelp .it tlu' ,im li.ir.i;:.'. Init ili.' k.-lp slnml.l l.e aMinl.-.l I.-- pi'i-ti'.l links liia\ . \ist anion;,' it. i;.'lw,..ii tli.-pniiit ami tlieain-lnir.ij,'e||n-slioi-e is iiiokIIv while t'lills of oiii> iiiiinlreil iiinl i '■ l.'.'t .'l.'V.iiioii. I.ioki'ii l.\ sh.irp arro.M.s. Tin' an.'ln.i.i-e is alir.'a.st Hie foiiitli iiinl wnlesi . lll.-i.le the point, .111,1 II, till, an.iNo ,1 Miiall In.iis.' ,unpaiiite.l) w.us vi.silile Iroiii Ili.'Will.r I \ ll.ll \ I'M, DM W ll ' ,lir inlirs to till' < IT. Ill, « ll ll nII'I I' . i'i;:lil \ ti\ r !<■' III! Ii'-'N lti;ill ll lint \ ilMM'Ulr, ill 'i • 't. 'riiiic was .1 llir l.liilV into l» .ti'.iiin IS U'> Ion. tM'lwci'ii itir tllin III till' tllil'- IS til ■ • flltlis li't't. Till' • ■ ". 'I'lii' ;iv I'l;!;.'!' 'i iiir li'iillis tci't, 11 1 ivitit; riiiri'i'liiiii-- '> ' ii'l jf Sill \ !•> : I'm ' ir ln'ij:lit ol liii:li v ,• M\tV lllllf ili';;li 1 ^ "■ now s \iM \ I .i|ii'l \ . iirli n-arli I "II III' ■ I iminl-. 111! Iirai'li I \ ~ aini ilii'|i aiiovi!- " on on till- !<'" " 1'' I It, till- oiilv low !"■ '1' ni S.uil.i \liinir \ ■* ; > .liiili' llH'ir.isi'-. to I •• lit riM'k^ stri'iiliiii- • inmuli oil >liorr !'• '" nil', Uiiii;; Sailiili' \!" alMiiil a i|ii.ii Iri I'l ' salili" \N lirii a|i|iiii" II scli'i't a lii'itli \* III- aniliniii^i' I" " ■■ • III srxrii l.ltlliilii-. isolis. ll s.lilillr III till' ll |l.i\ lii-s I «!' mill'' ' r iixinri ll lliil III T. riiiii' "i^i - I iiiiiii-. ami ■-.-;> P'Mil Mci^u, W N\V '.•;. njilr "<>• -Lr-'T^ I'lMiii |>iii?iiv t»«t 17 iiiili'x >v- y-*' • — *- » V ,.f -' » .'-^-^V>,<^-?:^^^^ S«nl« Mdiiia MiHriu.u>. h.'ii f - f i- r ■ ^ /.I nil 11 V X riiiiit Munii. \vN\v.. I'.i II ■.. ..-1- . ,\ X '\ y Ziiinii Vrtlliv V "*^> j '\>'^ \tv' v»"* •► •»• * I',, lilt I'uiiH', NW !■> N..7 riiil.M. ^ • r •' NW.l'.i ri. it 11 HI ^'iJi^.'VS.'-'." '■ Ziiiiis Vnllrv r NK In .■a?>~..« r ■»^ WlKl. ..ir.: Z in .1 \ ailr) i««»'"V**i?at'.' /'itna \'anfv '"^- ■-^^•TT.^.-.'??''-- V>'. v vx -<. ,-« A^ "TJi. ,^ "v. r..iiil Mumr, i^'i fwl, Nh In N ♦ N . - null-*. Pniiir Citv I'. fec^ ^SsTo^-. r'->. ."> .^ ■..y '»t'-«y^ • tin' uin-lniia;;!-, iiitil tlitMi Nlii'li'lirs a> a n.iiiiiM Ix'll nnr ami a liall' tiiili's in tlir imrtln-asi waul. Tin' am■llora^l■ is in llv«Mir M\ ratliiiiii^', uiKiil liiiliiiii;: ;iiiiiiml III liiii- pi.iN saml, w iili tl Iiiiii|i nl liii's in lln> imiihii lM*nriiit; iinrlli mulliwi'si (NNW.) ami I'miit hniin' luaiin;; .sniiilnvist (S\V.). I!<>at lain'.in;; may In) uliosi'ii at ilisi'i'i'tmn lirtwi'di tin- anrlinia:.'!' ami tlic |iiiiiit. Tlii'ii' Imh Iiii'ii nn tli'taili'il li,\i|iii;;ra|>liir siiivi'S _\i«l iniilriif ii.lmt tm ■•iiini' vr.iis ll lias lift-ii UMe«l U\ M'.sHfis lliat liavi' <'\|M'i'ii'm'i-il its aiUaiihr.,') s ami tlnis iili\ ialiil IIm' iicri'ssits of i iiiinin;; lor Siiii I'l'ihii, alii'iit lliiitv tlii'i'v mill's in Irfwanl, iimli'i siii's-.nl' iini'tiiwi'st wi-atln'r. ll is re- poi'tt'il lliiit on till' iiitii'i- siilc of till! I.i'l|i tinxai'ils Point liiiiiii' lliric an* Miinkt'ii lorks, luit noiii' in tilt* «'OM'. I'liliit hlliin. — 'i'liis piillit llHi's IliiiM a liiilil, I'lirltS lilillV In a iluilii' llUr liiMit two lillllillril ami two ftH'l aiioxi' till- > Iu'liiinl 1 1 tails ,{\\,\\ mi tli.il in malvlli;; il. iVolil tlio wt'sl w.inl ll ri>i"< iiilo\ii'\v as an i>laml rlii>i' iiinli r llir lii^li iiiniiiitaii'.s nf Saiila Mniiica. {•Voiii till' Iku lurk till' lalilr laml iiirii'aM's III height \ riv u'raihiall.N l<>i .ilmiit I uo luijivs, tjn'ii i isi'> Nliiir|M,\ til an I'li-v at lull i>f I (V >i IiiiihIii'iI ami llll\ li'il. Tin' a|>|ii'ai am I t In' IhmiI is \ rr> iiiiirli liko tliat iif till' liiail III I'liiiii < iiin i'|iriiiii. A |i|>ioarliril il.rrrll,\ IVum siMwanl, lln' lirail ma> iiul ho I'tskililv ilisiiii^iiislii'il, lii'i-aiisi- il IS |ii'ii|i'('ii'il nil I III' tnoiiiiiaiii lii'liiiiil it ; I ml il jiii'si'iils a ilai k ri'tlilUli liliitV, Willi a sji III lull' alimii a iinli' liiii;;, of low, liinki'ii, w'liilc rlitl's, with saiiii iliincs iiiiiItT tlii'iii. lo I 111' wi'si wai'il, ami I'liri Iht wtst liii- liliill's air ;;ii'"'ii. To t!ii' castwaril llirii' arr hri^lit, w liitr I'll lis for two mili-s. i.i I in mi' Covi-. ainl thru wlilii' rlilVs, with saint iliiiii's iimli'r tlit'iii, for tini N.iini' ilistami', I'liiiln'i' io tin' rastwaiil llii' liliitTs art' ;;n'i'ii. In 1H7I it was iiiarki'il hy It liir(;i> si;;nal-|)iili' w iili a Inishv to|i, ilfiiotiii;; tin' position of the < 'oast Snivi'y Mtatioii. wliirli is in l,;l|itilili' ill III! I'' I 11. mil 1 iiiliiil'' Ii- I" •.'! T \M>st Or. Ill Ii T'' .■..'.'" I:',' I Tin' fomiMiti'il iii,i:.'iii'lir x.inalioii tor .l.iiiii.ii\ . Is**."!, is II .i,"i I'.ist. ami it incii'asi's I'. .5 uniiiiitlly. Froiii I'oini Oiiiiii' wr li.iM' till' toliowiii;,' licai'in^'s .iiiu .l.stam'rs to iinpoitant points: l.il'i.iiil Niii.'iiif S. i.T I, ■,'.., iiiilis. I II mil lioi'.i^'i' iiir .saiii.i .Miiiiii a N,7.i 1'.. ■'.'> mill's. I'll rail |miiil 111' .Viiar.ip.i Islaiiil .>>. T.'i \V. •,'- iiilli-s. To I'l'iiil Mii;;ii N.-.'i U . II mill's. Til I'l'lllt llllilii'lMi' l.l;;lll ( lint IMliTN Isllil.' 1 N.-':l W . '.'■.' Illlli'Ji. Till. .sir.i:i;\ sania momca. This imiiiiii. nil ill, nil Ill's III I ;.'i'iii'ral imsI nmilii'asi ami vm'si soiiiliwi'st ilirri'tioii froiii a jioiiit h 'itt.le iioilli of I. IIS .\n^'i'ii's aihl ii'i iiiiii.iti's on tin' oii-.m at roiiit .Mii;;ii, liui ri'-appcars its the IhIhiiiIs of Aiiai'.ip I, .Saiit.i ( 'in/, S mi i Itnsa. ami S m \liu'iiri. 1 1 forms tlio nortli ami iiortliwcst harriiT of till' co.ist ofSmt.i M I'.i ll,i\ ami liir iliiiiml. It is .i Imlil. r.iu'iri'il r.iiiu<'. " I'h lorky iiitlMHPM tilli'il lip ill ail snris III sli.ipcs, ^:i\ in;; a w iM, ii ri'iinlar iTi'stliiii'. avi'iaLrin;,' ov it two tlioii- sitiiil fi'i'l rli'\ aiioii, ami \ isilili' far to si'awanl. 'I'lnTi' is Imt oiir pass tlirou^'li it west of tlio Ciiliuiiii^a I'lss. iirar I, us An^i'li's. Tin- spurs from this forhiililiiii,' mass iiiaki' nut at ii;:lit aii;;h'.s to the harklioin'. Tiii'si' aif siiinotli, at lir- 1 iii'iijv li\i'l, ami tiirii slopi' sliarpK tow.inls tin' ocenn, wlii'ir tlir.\ lui'.ik oil' in pni'ipiious ililVs. |',i't with iIm'si' spurs aro ili'»'|», iiariow, ilaik goi'iri'.s ami raiiail.is. I'liiiil l/i/«/». — I'liitn Point l>iimi' to Point Mnuu tlm lii'aiiiii,' is wrst scvi'ii (h'^ri't's north (VV. 7 ' N.| ,iml till' ilis,.imi' loin hi'ii mili's. Point Muuii is iln' sea mast ifiiiiiiiaiion of the wcst- orii |»iirt of till' .'■iii'ii.i ^ nii.i Monii'i, ami ipiiti' |iroiiiim'iit, lifi'.iiisi" tlir liroail. low valli'v of tho Saiitii <'laia IIimt lii's to tin' wrst waul of it. Tlic hills alioM' if rise to oin' thousaml fri't in about oia< mill', whilst llii> loast from Point Hiiiiii' to Point Mu;;u is Itohl ami hi;;li, rrachin;.' ahoiit two tliOllHaml fi'i't aliovi' tin- .sra ami iiit In ilaik rjinailas. Two mill's fast of Point Mil;;!! is tin- hi;;li- eat Mitml (liiiii' on tlic Iowit foast ; it is ahoiit sixty fi'i't ahovi" tin' .si'a ami at tlii' lari' of a vory bigli lilntl. It r III 111' mail i in rli'iir iiioonliu'lit ni;rl"ls. At tin' sliori' line. I'oiiit .Mujrii is iiii irr(>K>iI:>i' mass of im'taimnpliir nnlstom' in sji.ua imliniii;; to tin' wi'stiiorthwcst, with an osti- tnal ll .|1 1' ,' 1 i I J ",() I'ACll'K ( i'\sr I'll. III'. stn.tuMi ..r 1,M,1 coloivil nwU. In ,. I..- a x.wmI .K^r mim.ii it im Jn r-M'lils a>.vii;ni. Imt i-usit,.,, l.Vtlnsi..rilli,iiil\. Kiom I'.mit Mu-il ^^.• lii\r th,' ImHuuim- lM■..rMl-^ .ni.l .li>l.iiir. > t.. iinpoi ;.„it iioints: loin I 1 'iMiii- • IN. ,1.1 llu. I..1H.- I.:-l.l :..%,., Mhl.ll.' l'..il.ti ^'^ ■- ^^ "J ""I'-"' i:.,M.-n.lH An,,,.,,... M.n,.l ^- ''" ^^ K.'nul-H. S,iiil;l M.uih'i l',.iv ^^.ls ,l|..,v,MT.',| h> Cil.i ill., on t lip SllMif OcIoIht. L". IJ. .lllrl l.';i\ in;l S..;,t., Ciit.iliiia M.iii.i. I'.'iii'l.oMx-: •• Tills l..i> is a ......I p-.it.aii.l tin- .-..11111 rv isi: I. «illi tiiaii\ \all. >« aii.l i.l,iiii> a 1.1 tiv.s." II.. .-..asif.! .iloiiu il i>atl ..llu.. .|,i\ s. ..u.l 11.1111..I 11 ili.' Hah 1.1 .!.• I..s Ki,-, ,,s. •'on ai'i'i'Mlit ..f till' 11 1'llis slii..i.f- wlllili ill.'; s;iu ■■ ..|| -h r|...|| I. a\ 111- II he IcIiTs . • as Pu.'ll.. ill' I..S I'll. Tins. Oil 111., '.till ..t •>,■!.. 1". -I . ]."ilJ, I'al.iill.. .111. li..i.-.| 'M 'lie i.iru.' I II N't milI.t l'..iiil Mm -11. acc.i.! n^- to I-'cinlo's .u- It. Ill Ins iianaljx.' In- ;,'i\.s lli.' »oi.| •• Mii.'ii" as lii.' Iii-liaii nam., nl a mT :, lH'l\v>.fii San l!u.'iia\.iitiiiM and .S.uita I'.arl.aia. Thf Spanisli •• Miij,'ii." iiowi-vci. v.i\ ..; (l.'s.'i'iln'S I li.' [....III. ( »ii III.' ihai 1 .'I' Vi/(Miii.) it is the (Iran laisciiaila. /'/..71 Pi'inl !/"■' '. Sill /;,'(» (cn-Mi'inif. ilista.'t s.'V .iili'.'ii null's, llicciasi has a .'.iii'lal I;.' ii..rlli".'st !.\ i,,.i ill \ \\ . l.\ N, . l.iit in!.lwa> il lias , 111 \.'.! m.. .111. 1 .1 hall iiuUvs 1.. iji.. s.iiillnv, -• wanl ..f this r,.iiis.. i..u ir.U .VnaiMpi Isl.in.l, thus .■.mii i.iiii- Ih.' .Msinii iiilianc.' ..1 tlii...i; ■ ! the S.mta IVirhara Cliann. 1 t . a wi.llli of tin an. I a hall' niihs IvIw.tii I'.. ml iln.n.Miic an. I IIm casi . u.l ..r Viia.v.|i.i Islan.l. This sli.iM s||-,-lcli ..I'r.i.isi is ],.«. il il. ami san.lv . Ilmii^ I he o|.( i,.'ij of til.- i-\;i-nsivc \alli'\ ol Sinia I'laia. ilii-..n„'h wln.-h Ih.ws tin- S.mt.i Claia i,'iM-r. 'I'liis ii\. ■ . s.iiiK-t inn's ni'ailv ill \ iliiriii;,' tin- sii nni.-i'. ami ti-rniinatt-s m I a;;. ...lis ,iii.l niai sh.-s ; l.iii n. th.- 1 .--n si-.isiin a \ ,ilii:n.. ..1 w.iii-i is l.iii.i_'li; .h.uii, lia\;iu' siilli.-i.-ii! li'i.-.- 1.. l.r. -aU tlii'.M;-li the naii-''-. s.iii.l l..'a.-h ami iL.u into th.' .m-.-iii. On ih.- li.-a.l uatcis ,,t the S.'iM Clara ami tin- .\ir..\.. ■- i-\li'nsi\i' |i('tii.li'iiiii «i-l!s lia\.- 1 ;i ..|.''ni-.i. S(iiiiiillii'i\ i-if I'niiit fhiiiii iiii'l l\'i'it \lii;iii. — 'I'Im- watt'i- is\ci\ It.il.l aloii;^ tin* line nf . ....-■ tV.nn I'liint hnni.- I.i>v inls ih.- S.ini.i I'. 11 l.iia ( 'h iiiih'1, Ihc Iwi'iilv r.ilh.iin riirvi- .i\ . ia;.'iii^ -i.- niil.- oil sh.ii.- ami ill.- lMit.\ tall t^^.> inil.-s ..Il shnr.-. i'\.-.-|)l al I'. mil I >iiim-. w In-ir tli.-\ ij' jiro.n-li ncanT 11. ill.' ( lilVs. I-'m a listam-f of mm- niil.-s w.-siuai.l Iikih I'oint 1 111111.- Ilo- i-iin ■ • of ('.|iial il.'i'th ;nii \.-iv ii'unlai ly, Init tr.'mlinu Inilln'r oil shoi.' tcw.n.ls j'l.ini \Iii;.'.i Th.' I 1. .!i.-.l latlmni .11! '. .- is r.-a.-lii-.l \« ilhin .m.- ami ..ii. .{ii.iii.-r ii.il.-s ..i) l'..!iii hnnit'. ami iiini- in .- West ol' liiinic il is iiiin iiuh s ..l' slioi.'. Tin- I'.nir hiimlii'.l lalli.'in I'lr r. Ii.hm'MI-, inns |i.ii . , v\ i(li the sli.iii- « ilhiii these limits unilal a ilislani-e of ti\ e inil.-s l'i..in il . slmwin.: th.- In.tl..' ; lia\ e a iii'.ii- u! a.lii.il sl.)|.e oiV I'.. ml Dunn' .unit.. I.i-i-.inn- sI.-.|m>i a>r..iiil ^Ill;;ll is .i|i|ii.>a. i. ■' w 111! si a .l.-|.!li .it livi' liii!i.|r.-.| i.itli.inis |, h.ii .li.taiin-.l iiniil a .iisi.iii.-.- ol lil'l.-.n miles ni) sh...'. • rea<-li( .1. H. -v. .11.1 iln-se liniiis, m- lieiiinniii^' .11 a p.. nil I.. 111 inih-s i.. ih.' .-a^lu.ii.l ot' I'mnl Mn_n 1 iliem-i' to ill.' .'asii rii Imiil ol' tin' Sania r..iil..iia t'haniiel, ih - l.nii'- i. In ni.-s \eiv irn';;iilai . Ne\ rial siil.iil.ll llie \ allev s of ^re.it .lc|itl|s li.i\-.« lii'i'ii tl ,li-"'.l > 1 il|> 1. 1 tin" .slime line. |-'i\ e n • ■ (ioiltlieast fi..-ii I'oint Mn^n I li. i.- is .1 .|.lai-li'-il I. .ink «ilh |..il> se\ en f.illi.Miis .il «alei o\.i ■ ' ami lir>.K.-n s!,,||s. h i\ m^f .m n. .1 ..!' 1 u.. si|ii.iie miles vMihrn tin- lilt.\ latlnnii i-iii \ .-. I'lo .1. , • III. I'-asi s i,i|,|,i|\ III t.. Ill uiiii.l;.-.l I.iih..ais uiiliiiinm- in le t.> the s.nitln* .iril, ami liel ween I! . til.- sjii.ii. ihi-i,. Is .1 ,|e|ih li.iin s|v,i-, ii. line hnn.in-il t.iil is. l.iiiiiiiiii I'niiit ,111,1 Ml, I, II /'"iiii. — Inline. Ii.iii-lv "i's| nf r.iiiii Mn;:i! a Inw. iiain.u- saml -■ I nils till a nil..- ami a i|n.u 1. 1 el.ise iiml.-i th. Ims.- ..f i h. i... k \ .-.ii s e, .in.l onl\ t\\ <■ lni'i.lieil \ . ft. nil 1. 1.1 III.- niiii.u i,i..ii!li ..I III.' nioili-iat.-lv lar;;e, 11 i.'ijiil.ii sli.ial .Mii;.:ii l.i^'iiiia. wlinh . mill's Imiu .in. 1 li.-s jiisi insi.l,- ih.- sun.l l.e.ii-li. W'.-i ..| ih.' n.iriow eiili an. i-, ,1-" sami s|.i; I iniii's aiii.thei mile aiiil a .|iLiii.-r .in. I ili.-n w i.l.'iis. wiih s.m.l .Inni-.s ..n lli.- se,i« anl .siil. inaish ..n the inm-i snl... 'I'l,,. eastei i: beml of th's wi.it-niir^ is i-alle.l Lmiiinn I'miit. Iwn u - \\i'>l li.iin I 'ill III Mil,' II. A I tills widen in-.;, the ln-.i.-h |.iish.-s milw anl ..v e|- half ,1 mile lot I vs.. •> Il ill liill.s. r.ii iiilliL,' a |..-.\. |..lll|i|in;: elll\e e.iH.-.l Mul'lli /'..Id/, I 11 I .-i' .ill. I, ill. lit miles Wis ,.; l'..inl Mil;.'ll. Sleainels |..iss i|mte close .iloiiu' this s|i..i.- .is lli.v liml live f it In.ln s h.ilf a r • from the lieaeli ami len falhoins al a mile. 1 loin .Ml. 1.11 1- I'm II I til.- I '.II 111 I In. 'Ill- nil- la-.; hi lieai s imith seSentN mn- ilej^iecs \>e.s| i N. 71 V, . (li.stant loin ami lliiee i|ii,iiiirs nih-s. • >naiieeiit nia|i of ( 'alit'oinia tln-ie is loealeil a town ealleil I'mt Wanlell at this point. '1! Ho SlU-li Jimt e\|.sls. '^' ;ci'rt;iiii ln'i' j)()sii .„, si;iiuT.s ti> iiinioriiui it inll.". -t,.Hl.-. I 1.1,1.- . aliri l.-.i\ in;; >. t.i ,i|. Willi iii.iin v.il i « iSulil.i lit' I"-* I'l -. , in;: It llf li'li'l- ' nil! Mn^rii. uccori! ^: i.in ii.inic lit' :i \ il' .. liii\M'\ el . vcl \ • ;', 1 li.is .1 _'i'lifl'.il 1 ; ' '-n\ lies to till' soiltli ^^ ' •' iiiti .mil' iir ttiiii.i' "t III 1 1 iniii'iiir .mil til. ly. Iti'in^ till- oiiii. ij l.'ivcr. Tlii'* ii\' lli'> ; lull III till' I , I liliil.^ll till- nil ' ■ .111. I till' .\lln\M > loMj; till' liiii' i»r 1 ..1-' rni\ I- .i\ I i.i;.'iiiu ''■•■ I (iiliii-. \\ IliTl' lIli'V i;' 'mill I »iiin.- till' I'll i ■ > iiillt Mll;.'M 1 li ' 1 I iiiiiii', anil liinr n: ' ■ li.mi'V I r. nin- p.ii > ■ -li.iu :n^ ill.' 11. i; I .. ■ Mii;;ii !■• .t|i|irii.n i. ' I'tri'll inilt'.-i (ilV sliii: . - il lit' I'. lint Mii;jii I iii< \ II s irii';:iil.n ■ >ll..|i' lilir, l'|\i- II • • nils III « .itrl ii\ rl ■ I nun ini \ r. Tin .1. 111. .itnl liil '•<[ ■ 1 l.i^iina. w lilili I - iln I', il" >«.mil s|iit ' till' >iM\v .nil .siili ininiiii I'liinl. tWii n li.ill ,1 null' t'nr {»•< ml .1 li.ilt null's «!•>: ni \i' I'ltliiiin^ h.ilt a !' !'■ '>;li'fs \M'>t ( N. 71 \' .iiili'il lit tins luniil, lull ^^ NW.JN., li mil.'- N\V l>v N .N :tiuil.-H. Siiiul li. ;lil > ■ J ^^MM } irJ^lL I .1 ,I..v;l l'.-»; \.:,lVi fiTt \ Bri^'l.t Ch /'■'' , I'liilil lllnliiMm- lijil'tliHiiw. N\V In \S i W 111, inil.M. IowiikIh I 'ti\ i>'t;t MimiiiIhiii. ti'i iiiili'N. -,'^afK— « « ?i - C.llliju I'lMk, :l.'!ll l.rt llli:ll S.lllll llllllr^ III Mlllllli' I'. "V-^-.-., •/ f^-^ -,i»*- *T!^ S . ^4.*7Ei ^'"■"'Y,. ->":' yT Bri^'lit ('lids. Syciiliioic CiiiiiiTi. High Nanil (liini'>. ,.'-' --^- l'i>iiit l-jmnnii. tililHiii. (I'l iiiilrH. Smila Hiirliiir.i, W. li, \. ; N . in mlli's \ X ml diiiir., ,it MiiMli' V- Piiiiil Mii^iii. K. JS.. .1 iiiilc,') tti^Iit iiorlli iiiil .M-t ..I' I'oiiil L.i-iMi.i. :iii'v\). nuriow siihinfninr idlliii. willi a ilt'|>tli of twenty tour tail i-i oiio'tlilrr a milr Ir.mi lli.' ImmcIi. A .l.'|iili of two Inimlrr.l lallioms is founil within oiii- ami a • inartcr mil.'s of the lnMrli, an.l tin" wnllli liclw.'cn tin' t wo linnilii'.i latliotn fiir\ cs is Ifss than onf<|iiait.'r of a nulf. I'his snlimaiini' valley inns east southeast nearly paialh'l with the shoiv for one mile, then tnins sli;ir|ily to the sonthwanl. ami lliewiilih ^cinlnally increases to ma' ami a half miles three mil-s tVom shore, .lirectly sonlh of I'oint Mn-n. Tin' other enives eharaeter ot theliotlom fiom the snrronndin-- plate, in Ins lieeii de\ eloped, all the speeimens I'Olisistinir of mild .ind s.iml. I.iujmui .l((r//.oi«//.— The he. id of the snlmi.inne valley lietueeii I'oint Mii;,oi and I,a;;iiiia Point swiiifjs III l.ehiiid, or to the iioilli ol. .1 niodeial. 1> shoal p.iicli of limiled exieiil makin<,' out perhaps till pi, liters of a mile e.istsontlieast ^ MSi:. ) from !,a;iiiiia Point. On this jiatcli the const steamers report excellent shelter in lie,i\ y noitliwesi winds wiien the> cannot lie at line- nciiic. rhe> ,imhor III fioiii si\ lo 'liirtreii t.ii homs. Inii it is not eass to pick np the anchoraj;e, iHJCtUl.se there is deeper water between It and the lieach to the west northwesl (WNW.) of it. 'I'll,, leas if this ipiicl spot is that a second submarine valle,\ heads in towards .Middle Point, \^ hicli is line and one half miles to the we>i. Till Miililli I'liiiil Siilniiiiriin \', 1(1,1/ One mile south of Middle Point is the head ipf another submarine valley, where the t weiily, tifl> . one hiindii'd. and I w o hundred f.itlioiii curves run in .si|Uiuely tow, lid- llir slmie about one ,iiid ,i half miles further than the ;;eneral depths, with iiti avcriiK'' \^ "1th ol tl pi.iiieis ol ;i mile between the one hundred fathom curves. Thefort\- fathoin I'lirv.' is oiil.v a mil.' Iiom the beach. This siib'uarine v.ilh'y irives smooth water to the lagiiiia amhoia.:!' iiiidci Point l.aunna. roiN r iiikni;mi-..» This point lies north .seveiil.x t'oiir deuiees west (X. 71 W'.i forty seven miles fnun Point Vill- cento ami ei',dit and a ipiai t«'r miles west b\ north i \\ . by N.| tnmi Point Mii-ii. With .\nacapa Island it Icnnis tie- cMsiern entr.ince to tJie Smita I'.arbara Ch.inml, dcs. ribed p,i;:c ."i.;. It is Ion;;, rouudili;;, low. and .s,ind,\. ,iiid Is the most pio|eilii,-- point in tin' sweep of the low lamis of the Saiilii t'l.ir.i \ ,ill'\. ll,i\inu no Inuli b,ick^roiiiid ol' lulls it is in striking' contrast «ii!i the other parts of the ch, mil. I. so th, II lu h.i,'.> .a lliiik wealliir \-esseis must b.- car.'fiil not to appioach it very <;losel> iiiilil a steam "histle is a.lded to Ilii' li-lit h.-nse. .\t present it is reco;,'ni/eil in I'aviuable W( athei b\ the li-lil hoiis.' ami \<\ i\\v l,ti;:e wareli.ni,- s ami dwelling's ailjaceiit to the wiiaif, and als.i b\ lai;;c iilisscs ol tie.'s p!,inteii ,il i;; Ih.' dw.llin;;s. There .tie (December, IHHl) tlllee hilui' \NarehoUsis on the beach abreast tin' "li.irl'. Tiu' best l.iii.lin^' on the beach is diicell.v ini the |Miinl : in the biulit I.' the eastwar.l and lee- ward it is impi.i.iicil.lc, bill the wliait, n.iw siamhii;; ,se\eii Inimlicd ami sixty li\i' yanls to the e.istwaiil of the point , atVoiils o,„„| landing tacililns. This uhait is two liiimlii'd and ei;;hty \ards hni;:. toiiri.'cn leet abo\.' hi;;h w.iier. ami is built out from a phcof fast l.iiid betueen two inarHlifs. portwo hnnon'.l ,iml lllly \ ants it .•M.n.ls s,piaie oiii tromthe slnat'. then fnun an elliow it runs I hill \ ,\ arils I'm I her, tremliii;; t.i the sunt h w .'st \n ar.l. ami lia\ iiiu I «ent,\ I lirc(« Let ol wat( 1 at lis e\treni ly. This elbow was biiili to enable vessels to li.' more i'oml'.iilabl.\ at the wharf, a.^ a l.n-.ii e.M> cniiei.t was tniin.l luiiiiinu to the .'.istwai.l from Point llueiieme, but im.re ('spi'ciallv bi'.'.iuse t 'le sw 1 II w .iiihl sliiki' l h.' u li.i i I' till 1 \ on. nil. N'essels lie .m the southeast side so as II ol lo .hate on I li.' w hai I. and « hen a lic,i\ \ >\\ ell c.uues up i Iic_\ haul out t.i .me or other ol the I. air hea\.\ in. mi in;; buo\s. Tin- sand .liiiii'sw.st ol' the point lorin a \er> ilicary slnui- line that is white and iiicon- Ml»i(rlll>Us III ,1 I'ou. We have eNpelieli.'.'il a 1. 11.;.' swell tlom the southwest .Ul t his beai'll when •Siiiin'liii.fi 'p.' i.-.| ■• liiiiiH'iin-," Hi. I s.ii.l I,, I.,- 1 ill' iiiiiii' ol' :i ;;i.- 11 IihIiuii . Iiii'I' I'eiiii.i i\ III lliis r.';;i.iii. In l-l:t ln> is r.'lMMii.l I.' \ui\f i 11 till. Ill .'il 111.' 111. 11. 'Ills us l.ir j, lli.' IliI i |.. j.im liiiii in n siir.'i'S' mivs lliat tin. iiiilivi'.. .Mil 111.' rliiisliaiis l'ii.|iiniiiiii'. » tirii..' Itii^'i rii.n |iis^il.l> 1..' d.'i iv.'il ; I'lil il I'luy ii.H Ikivc ri'l'.'rr.'il t« the iliwiiv. 1. 1's ('■i'>n'ri» Hiii'ii." 1 17,11 1 iiiiiiii's il I'nntu ilf In ( hhitiiu/h. } i J K't 52 |\(11IC niA-l I'll.iT. tl.nv w.is v.-rv litllr suif ..l Il.r \n1,:uI. a h;;!.! mnlluMM :... m Iini.s .Iimws ..i,i ,,i i|,. ^ DVIT llir >-«':l iinil Kfl'|is till' loi; . •III. , , , , . , .■ Nr.Mhr hr.i.l nf ll.o «ImiI llu'tv IS ,111 illt-'SMli «rll on.. IiiiimIi-.m! .iimI IiIIn l.rt ,lf.|, tlimwsa.Mi.Mii. ..^s.^-•>l;ln.l.. lii.ll inclirs umIummI.-m wrnlN r..iir IV.t ;.l...v.. Ilir mm !,..■... M I,,,,,,,,, ,„„, „.;„,„i-,,..,,:i,..l p.o.l> ...• I.n.l.a li.rr. .UMl a ;;iv;,l -l.-a! -I pi...!,,...,. ^1„,.|.. lMM.n..rs,.u.lr...,,s|in-MiM,n.Ts. In l-ml,. ,..,|,>,lali.M. «,.s ISC, «,!l, ..ImmU |,.,tv ho,,.. 8( it is •:;ili.-N l>.'liui.i il, rin- lu^.r iisrs fiuM, xvootirll i.ollM., \\ln,•iM^|^UIII.•.i ;. Imllt Ul.ll. ail.l lloMl s.-awi.,! s|,ovvs x.T> «.ll « lim |..o„ on tlM-l.a/.v lu.-k-ion.Ml of fl,.. ,l>ian! liilN. Tlir lijit «.is liiM . xIuI.ii.mI in I^TI.an.l lYoin >nn-H losnnii--'. Ii i- a s.-a roast li-lil of tli.' loiirili oi.lri ol tli.> svsiri I'lvMn : shows a n.ir.1 n.l li;iht. li illimiiiiali's tl iiiiiv li.>ii/..ii. ami th.' to.al i^lai..' is .•!c\alr,| tin f.rl al>o\f the nu'aii li'\<'l of tli.' s.m. so that in favoralih- <'onili;ioii> ..I th. al ino>i,li.tv il - he \ i.-iiilc fiuni a hci,L:ht of — ll' 111 I .tl..)W' til. "i'M ."l il lll.«lillll !• l>f l-.l llllU-". •.'II f. .1 .lll.-M> llfi' "ll Ul a lll'lllll'-' of 11.'' Mill'"'. ■.Ill t..-i .il...\f ,li.' w.i III il .li-.tiii.' .' lit 1 1 - mil. - Till' tri'0}:i'!M'hicai iio-itioii. as .li'tcriiiKird l«y thf CiKist and ("n'mlrlii; Siirvt \, is— :'.! II" lu; 1 11. Till 11.1 1-.' :!! I "".I. l.alllli.l. •• I,i>in;iliuli- ,...•• 'il.intliil. "" ■ • The foiiiitutc'l nia-ii.'lif \ariati.iii is It .V. f.isl toi .laniiai> . l.sv"., \Mt li .i ,\fail\ inm of I .:'.. Fniiii this li;;hl wr iiavc tin- i.illowiii;; Iciirili};'' ainl ili>taiiii'> of |.ioiiiiiiriit oliiiris: I'.iii.I Mil M. .n.l Ml.l.li.- l'ii:l.t .lll.i I'.MIil l.ciyilliii ^ ■" ' -,- MllliH l'..ii.i \ iiMfiii.' - :i 1 i; iiult-.. K.iM . i,.l ..fAiniaiii l-liiii't .- ■-•' \\ II "111"". l',.iiil I iv.-iii. Ni.illiwiT.1 r.'iiit. >iii.l.i Cm/ lililli'l •" •''•' \^ 1-. iMiU's. r.'ii.l |liiii.aMiitiii:i, iii'iiilli 'ii.. ,-• N"' ^^ ■'" ■I'll'"'. |'..int r,,i,. . !•. ,M. |.i^tit-li..iis.- . N. -T. \\ .... M,,'.. Titlfs. W I'oini llui'in-iiii- till' avra::!' lime "I hi-ii \\.iti-i- aft. i ili.' moon's nnii.li.iii p. is ft'' '-'7'" : I 111' av iia^i' I !•-'■ . it' I 111' li.h'-' aiio\ ■■ lln- nn'.ii, of th'- lown !..« \i,iti'r» ol iMili il.iv aii'l oni' h.ilf fi'il ; I In' ;^ii ,ili>i i .iii:ji' ol'^.'i \ nl in om- .|a\ liom .lun.' to I »itciiilii i *\ .i^ im.:!!' (ilir ilillt' li-fl. \'.iiH'oii\ 1 r N.ix V this ]ioi'ii u .IS .mII.iI I'odi! i "nv i'I ^loii on ol.l .•>|'.iiiish i li.u I--, lli- i>l " ill lalitil'lf .'I "''■ ill I' I nt.uii'-il 'h'- n.iiiic. On .i i.'iimiI iiiai. .it < '.iliLii iii.i tiii> iiiiinc i> .i|ii'l.. what wf have ili-.>eril)i'il as Mi.lilh' P.nii!. SI i:M.\i;iM, \ M.l.l.'i, 111 KNK.Mi:. DiitcIIn olf I'll 111 I I lii.'iicui'' I- loll ml till' iii'isi ii'iii.ii l.alili' of tlii'sc ■.iihni.iiinr s .illiv s, tin' ' iif w lii''li IS so iii'.ii ihi' ^li.iii' I h.il a ili'plli ol lilt lathiiiiis In toniiil » ithiii Iu<> liiiinllril ainl _\,iliU of III'- lii'.ich. lln- |.l.ili-,iu to iht w i'.nI Wiinl has a \ i I > i''.;ill.ir sl.i|ii', lM';;miiili;; .it lln' '!' of tin f.illioin-i oiir iunl a i|ii,illi'i inih's Iroiii tin' shoir, ami t«inl\ lallioliis at tdli'i' ami .. null's, thill imui- i.iinillv to lill\ f.iltioiiis at thiic .iinl thicr i|ii.ii ti-i • iiiih's, ami mif li :' falhiiiiis at fi'iii ami .i liiilf mill's, 'I'hr two hnmlii'il lalhoin I'liivi* passcM uilhiii om- ami .i miles SI 111 I In. 1^1 lit .\ nicii'i Is I, mil ami inns sirai;;ht i!;i into tlus siilMinirine \ .ille\ , iippi til \Mlliiii tliii'i' ail 1 ,1 h.iif mill s 111 l'..!iil llm neme. TIm' one liiiinlreii fa I huiii em \ e iii the \ i. ilislaiit iilii' iiii'l a Ihinl miles fmiu ilie shme. The hules :ire very slei'|i. tin lieptli iin Teasiii:; ' lilteeli 111 one llilliili'il fathoms in less ih.iii one i|ii.U II" iif a mile. The a^ ''I il;^e M nltli lii'l the oiiehlimlleil f.ithoin eill \ is is two t InliU of a mile. To tlii' eiislw .ml the 'ir\ t's of I he |.l i are more ii re^^'nlai. The ten i.iihoni eiii\i' \^ ilisi.mi one ami a i|ii,iilei niile.s I'lom shm. . t Welitv lilt horn em \i' is I Uo .iinl two Ihilils, I he lit'l\ l.ithoin i in Ve is I'oiu . the one hllmlleil ti' ClU'M' is toll I .Iinl a h.ill. .iml the two hnmlle.l lathoiii I'liive is \\\r .iml ,i li.tlf miles lio;ii the s: MM I-ACIIK COAST IMhOT. 53 « > mil III tlif V lill> li't't ilt'i'p till- ^111 lact'. '' iiliiri' is slil|i|M lit l llllll'S. '.' Ilillin. :iii hull's. I.'.« nulls nil's llill nil. HI |..i I'l s III IMI |p il,l,\ ■ (Tlubi T « .Is el;:!!' I ll.ll Is. Ill- |,| I. Ills liatiif Is .l|i|>i ' .irilH' \ .klliV s. I lir I WD tiiiiulii'il all.: if;.;lllliili;,' .it I III' '! IS at tlilri' aliil .1 li-s. ami iilir ll : w itliin dill' aiiil If V .illr\ , .i|i|i|ii." II CHIN r 111 t III' \ .1. i|i'|itll illrl'r.l.slli.: \i'l.l;;r u iillh lii'i I' '11 \ t'S III' I lie ji' miles I'ltilil sliHl' II' mil' liiiiiilii'il I i r mill's liii.ii t III' THK SANTA HAKIiARA CIIANNF.I,. This strait is sixty mill's Iimil; \>\ U'li and a liall' |iil\vi'iit\ mill's wiilr, anil lies Iti'twcfii \\u' Iiiaiii slim !■ I mm rum: l 'mii'i'|iriiin tu rmiil lliii'iiiim' ami I hi' Santa I!, ill mi a Islainls, u Imli lie to the soiiilivs.inl liinail nlV I hi' mam l.iiiil. I'lic islam Is aii' i'\triisi\ i , Imlil. ,iml lii.uli. u itli ilii'|> chaii- licl.s I'mir 111 liM' nulls u nil' lntwri'ii tiicni. 'i'lir I'I'.iiii lii'.suisi In suiil h ; \\ . Ii\ S. ami ra-'il i»\ mirth ' I'.. I>> -^ . IK a stiai^lii line Im liri.\ li\ <' niili's, ami ifallv tin ins a jiiulmi^'at imi ot' thi' Santa Monica r.iii^i' lit iiiiiiintaiiis that stnirli tilix mili's east w.ml rnim I'limt M ii^ii Id a iitllt- iiiiitliw anl of Lds \iil;i lis, ,ilri',iil\ (irsri ilnil .pa;;!' I'.ti. ( 'mil iiir mill l; .il i In- ui'si I lii' islainls aii' naiiifil San Mi^iii'l, .S.iiii.i l;osa, Santa Ciii/. ami Auar.iji.i. latui'i'ii tin- liisi ami INiint < 'mn'i'iiiimi is the west fi 11 I'liiiiiii'i' to till' chaniirl. I went, \ tliM't' niili's « hIi' : ami lirl with tin- castcin I'lnl d|' .Vnarapii jiiiil I'miit II miii'iiif, rm'iiiiii'.: tlif castirn cnti.iiirt' nr tliinal of ilir rliaiiinl. tin' wnlih is niily eleven iiiiles, I'liiiii east Id wisi till' iiii'iease in wiillli is ^lailii.il .iml ri';^iilar. Till' isl.iiiis break the Ciiiee iit llie lame westeilv .sweli iiT the I'acilic almr.: the eiiast line, ami ill winter .ilVmil l;dii'1 he tiiiin the lull rmee dI the smitheasl ;.;ales. The /. //I I ihiiiiii I" III! SiDilft lUiihitiii Chuniiil is maikeil li\ the eieal silliiiiariiie \ allev dIV Pdillt 1 1 lleni'iiie, alle.»il.\ ilesel ilieil. Tliis\alle\ inns sulil li w ,ii il .limilt sixeli miles In | he I liree- liiiiiilieil lathmii em \e. si\ mill's east nl .Vnaeapa. W eslwahl nt this valie\ the eliai I imliiMtes a lino (if ileeji siiiiiniiii^s IhinMuh theasisDl' Iheehanml. imt ne.iiei in the islainls. .'smiiliuest (if I'l lint lliieiirme I 111' t u eiily tat limn iiin' is less tli.in tmii miles iilV .siniic. with .i lint I mil i if line •{I'ay Niiml ; iliem-e t he s(iiuiilin.L;s increase mure ra|iiill,\ Id nm h inn I nil la tin mis in mie mile, with mmhiy liottdin. The ilei'jiest put (if the e.islern eiiii.iine li> the clianiiel. mie hiimlreil ami t liii tv i'i;,'lit t'alhuins, nvei mini, s.unl. ::i,i\el, ell'.. Is ti\e ami ,i hall m six mih' Irmii I'ihiii lliiein iiie. There is IhiM wati'i rmiml .Vn.icapa — tweiit\ I'.ithmiis uiiliin hall a mil Westuaril nf I'miil lliieiieine till" tweiit\ lathiiiii cnive IS si\ miles siiiiihwest iif ."sail Umiiav eiiiiiia ; the mie liiiinlieilt'allimn •rnrve at miie ni.ies, .iml ilie ;,'re,itest depth is mie hiiinlliil and thiitvlwu I'.ulnims. .it .si\ miles fl'iim the West . ml ut .\ ii.ic.ipa. I'lie mie liiliidii'd t.il Imm ciiim- keeps vm'II d\ ei iiii the sunt h siil(> (if the clianml .mil lies w ithiii se\eii miles nl the e.isl end nf Santa ('ill/. Island, ami the sunt hern oiitvliumlred fatlniin ciir\ e is mily tun mih s frmii t he ii'iith shine nl .^aii!.i < 'in/. 'I'll is siiiith line of oni' hiuidieil I'.ilhnim; ('luitinms we.siwaid iiimiIn p.ii.illel with the innih slmre nf Santa <'i'ii/. I.sland. .iml is three and a half miles frmii it at the western e\trciiiit\ : Inn the nmihein line nf one hninlred I'.ilhmiis retreats tnwards the .Santa Itaili.iia slnire, ami at I'eliciii I'nitit ismily three inile.s trnm il. whilst the depth in mid ehaiinel has increased tn three hiiiidred and si\ f.ithmiis, uver d.lik ;;iei II iiiiid. In this lunad. deep chaiiiii'l lliiie is a li.ilik with less th.iii niie hlllidred l'atli(iiiis tell iiiilis smith li\ cast t.S. lis l!.i I'lnin .Saiila I'l.irliara. Fdlhiw lli;^ the .Saill.t r>.irli.iia shmc westw.iid fl I'ellraii rnilll inw called (inlet, 1 I'liillt mi tlit« reci'iil I hart ni ."^aiii.i ri.iili.ir.i Channel' tn I'mnt ( 'mn-epiinn, the mie hiimlred t'.ithmn cm ve keeps .It a mnilii.itelv ninlnrm dist.ince n\' fmir miles. ii\er mmld.s linltmii. .Sniith nf I'niiit t'mi cepcidii, the depth iiicre.ises in ele\ en miles tn i "n liii ml reil and si\l \ tat limiis n\ er i,'ieei< mild .11 id saiiil, then 1 .ipi .i.\ ilicieases !n n-ie hiiiidn'd lathnais in .i mile, h,i\ ini; a mnderateiy decreasing' line (if siiiimlin^js in .S.ui Mi;:iie! Isl.ind and the rucks nlV it. in the middle III' the clniiinel, tliirieeii miles iinilli df .Santa Unsa Isl.iiid, tlieie is a deep li.isin when' the sniiiiiliii;.'s icicli three hiiiidied and si\t\ >i\ tathmns, with a Imttmii nl' ureeii iiiml. ("Idse undci the nDilhein slmre frmn rmni lliieiieiiie ti San lineii.iv i iiliii .i t lure is a \ er> nnifonii and ;4i.ii|ii.d iiici'ea.s(> nf the depth nt' w.iii'i frmn the lieacli tn ten lathmiis. at mie .iiid a half td I WD miles diV shmc. I'liim .San l'uen,i\eiitiii-.i in .S.int.i l;.iili.ir,i. a depth (if i welse t'.iihmiis i.s found line mile nil the j.'eiier.il Ireiid dI' the shmc. Willi rem.ii k.ili|\ uiiitmiii Imi tmn, ,iml cmi tiniM>.s si« mnsi i\( ihe w.iy Inwards I'niiit ( mnipcinii, i Mipl in a tew insLinees, which will he menlimied m Ihe deseriptinii ,if the kelp ahm- the nmtii shme nt Ihe channel. Kiijini thr Siiiil<( IUiili. at the cistern eiiii.iiici' nf the .Saiii.i I'.ailiara Channel. .\ mall pal. h lies m Sm lliicnaxcntni.i aiicliiiray:e. in live and a li.ill fatlimns. Twn miles west norlliwesl nf San I'.iienaveiitiira liixer the shme lu".:ilis in he liDi'deied wilh lunkeii lields nf kelp, running mil in tmii ami si\ fatlimns tnr thn e nnles, in I'.n t 1, is I'itas. .\limit a mile west nmth- wt'st frmn I'miil l.as I'lt.is a ninre cmnpail liiids . nearly li. ill . I mile w ide. s| letehes fnr fmir miles acrus.s I'dini (inrda inwards Kincmi I'mnt. 'I'lience for three miles the cmnpar.itively low slmre- I • r)4 I'M IKIC tdV'l I'll. III'. line li.is no honlirnf k(l|. iiMil S.iiul I'oiii' ;iih1 ii>Min,il :i]i:M.ii.'liff< atr if.i.lif.l, v\ In rc il ^ii mil to livi- iiiiil t'i;;lil lalli-'iiis. Kr.im S.I1I.1 I'll 111. Mill.' iMili'.> «'.iM \'\ iiMilh .1;. I'\ N. t'li.iii S.nit.i r..iil..ii.i I'Mint. III. ' kfl|. l...iiliiiii;,' tlif -lioii' iii.i> 1m' ci.iiMiliiiil .iliii.>-I nmti ii- Im tliiil\ s,\iii inilis |.> I',, , . f«'|>cii>ii. ill xiiiic |il.HT.» il> (iiilt I cili;!' Imih- tullx a inili' InMn -lioif in Imni m\ In iiiin- lallh uatfl. Oil Ihc Saiila r.,iil'ai,i I.l;;lil li"ii-i', linwrvil. tlif ip.il»'lii'« <>( Im'I|i >lntili niit n:, lllllliin'.l x.llils, \Mlll ,1 1 1, pill Ml nilir ;.iI|im;ii^ iI |||."| iillIiT iij-l'S. a In I lliilli'i- I he ill |>||| III. lapiiilN In i«rnl> l.iiliKiiiN \Mlliiii l«i' iliiii|> i>l a mili'. 'HhH' 1- a >;n'ai lit lil nl ktlj. in iIm lifiirc !(• .llil> lloln llir -.||i>lr, .iikI IIic ill !■; (alls Mii|iliiil\. .11 n-lit liiiniliiil iinl lillv _\ ,iuU lioiii tiic |iiiinl, lo lu<-nl_s (allioiii- ci\ ci ;;ii, and saml. riuiii-c tlir ki l|i in'^ 111 lioin siv i n to niin' I'allioins a.s lar .i.s llio n el l\ in;; fli-Xi a lialC null'- \m-I«,iiiI oI S.inia r..iili.ii.i l.i;;!ii. m liviaml ,1 li.ilf iiiili- wi'-l nl < ioN i.i I Tlll.s left' I- a rnrk\ lr'l;.'c nl Uwi liiiilillril \aliN fXli'hl. «illi nnl\ litll'tll li'i'l nl \\ .{\vi up It lir.x live iM-litlis of a niilf nil slioif. ami llii ir 1- a iinirnrni ilcplli nl ci;;!!! tallnnns IiimiIi tor one lliml nl a inili'. « Inin r i In- ».itii il.i ira-i> ii';;iilail.\ Inw aiiN tlic Mnll .>ilinio. 'Iji roiiMsl.- ol' |\\i> III-. h I.s u 11 ll .1 lliirt' lallioiii |i,is>,i^i' iiiunin;.' imrlli aiiil -niith lirl wi't'ii tlii'iii. I i.s nonil water I Iiii t'.illioiii- mil' lininlli'il v.mls soiilli of llirm. T!;r kilp, wlmli i-. qiiili ■ alnli;.' lli'If, sllrlrlio lii\nli I its il-U.ll lc;^l|!.l! line tn cniliiarr tills liili;c, alnl rxtcinU |n .1 . Ot" eifillt r.lihnllls lif\nliil II. !nillH'ill.lIrl\ \\r--l nl llil> It'll till' illHTllon nt till' nllti r til).'f nf lllf kflp, « liirli l> ntln Hi'iU'iall.v pai.illfl In till' -linif. I lian^:!'- in nnilliMisi, iiiniiiii;; in lowaitls ilif >lnin', aiitl iK. a lircak ol .1 liitlf mon tliaii .1 iiiili' .iiul .t li.ilt' in tlit- rmititiiiniis I'iiiil,'i' nt' ki-lp aloii;; >lin|i till' iniililli ol tills Inr.ik, Imwivrr. In- tlnn -.in. ill p.i'i hf- of kflji. I'liiif is .iimiliti Imi ncarli iwn inilfs at Ilif 1 'aiiaila tifl i;ilii;;io. I wt'iit > inilf.s cast from I'niiit ( 'niiff|ii'ion. Inn arc pall Ins nf kelp in tlic ;.'.ip. I'niir .hhI a li.ilf niilcs ost frmn I'oiiit 1 'nnccprioii the ticM ' a Ml I If ill « III 111 ami li.ls tin f it linin-. <<( water « I'llin it. 11 le kelp cease.s hel wet n \'le|n ( 'n^ tilc <'n\n ,llii|lnr.l;;i , wlnie tin le l- linllc ; linr l- tliere an\ nl1 I'nilll < 'nlieepelon. '["lie kelp nil the i.-lamls on tin- .sniilli Mile nf Saiila IJaibara CIuiuirI will lie iU'.stjiil>ul the lieail III e.li'li M'p.iiale Isl.iliil, .\ tislieiiii.in nt S.inta liai liara repnitcil in I >eeciiilM-r. \''.K the c\istci;cc of a niiielccii I r liailk. with lnrt> live l.ltholii-, all : ml it. Ills lieann^s W.y timlin^ it «cle in liIlli^' till . end of the wharf in l,lli;;e witji tin- imilh tnWel of the ^Ils■.|nl| .md the pninl nt S.ili Ion li • I lira heal III;: cast, w Inch wniild In- .il mil I Iniii liiili > nil >hi.|e, I ill I the ||\ il|n-ia|iliie sill \ 1 \ till 1 lin imlleatimi nf the c\is|eliee nl sueh .1 li.lllk. .Hid a depth ot tort\ li\e lalhonis is Hot attalli the.llio\e I.III;,'!' until .-i.ili I'.Ui ■l.lMlltlii I I'miil lle.tlse,),! li\ nnlth , I'!. ll\ N. , whnh won alinllt NCVeli null s oil shore. lie .lU.i repnited llie lialik In he .iliniil Iniii lilimllcil ami till'. Inn;; li.\ line liiimlretl wnlt iml iiiuiiin;; par.dhd w itii the slmre, ;;■ 1 tli.tt it Las •• ;;rcal ai , cnral iipnii II : -nun- hhn k, smiie led." I Itv rtirii Ills iliioiiiil, III, ^.nitii I'.iiil^irii rA/in/iW arc soiiicu li.it \':irialde, iktnl cspecialls to the c.l>teril elilraiiee. ThiN li.ive ii..t |„-,i, p.irtlenlarl\ e\aiiiinei|. .Mmi;; ihc slnuc wc.stw , lllleiielnc the -el of the --liore euiieiil 1 •, to the westw.ml. .uid il> .nlliltliee e\'i inU lloni i four miles oil -hme. Ii mus it i m.iMiiiiiin \eloeii\ ot a mile ami a h.tlt per Iiihii. Iml pm' lines not a\era;;e iliole Ih.ill emhl luil,- |.el i|a\. .Mon;* the slinrc I at S.lli r.lleliasclltli: fniiml the eiirrent under the slmre i iininii;; In the westward \ . I'm 'her nil the iinitliern - it is \,iiialih'. lull -eiiciallN I iiiiiiiiil' In I he e.istw.ird ilid -niithw.iid. .\ limn- I he islamN .1 nmle >niilh,.|l\ ,1,1V, Imii. \V Ion I lie m -linr Id.\ elirienl rciiehe- I'., ml i'lilncpclnn It lleeled tn the .sniil I, w.ii d. I'llli,' diMililli ss ili lluiln id li\ the lii.tlll nlVslmre eilllflit Irnili the I wcstwaiil. Wiihin the S.inta l',.iiliaia t'haiiiiel the • /(iH.i/t is iinieli nnldei th.in tn the iim I h w :ii .i section Item- prnleeled l,\ Ii,,. ImiIiI lail-e nf the Sierra (■olieepeloli or Santa \ lie/ .Mnlllit.in The l,t,<.lm,nl.s.,f th< Santuh„ni ri,„„. I „,,. ,,iii.ti kal.lv l.nl.l. 'Ihc ii.irlli slimi l'.ilcna\ cut lira w.>|u.ii,| ,, fniitnd l.\ the l,.i., ■, of ihe Sierr.i rnmepemn, whnh .ilt.iiiis .ui . '' >!' tl'>''«' Ihnim.ind el:;hl humlltd ,ui I twelilv three feel immedl.iteK liehinil Sllit.l |;.ii •he smith shnrc.s aif Inrinetl lis the i-l,uii|s, wliieh are .is hold ami well marked. Inn whit I, i! attain sn -rc,,t .n, ile\ ,,ti,,|,. ,,-11,^ tn Iweiils tw,, Immlred feet, and MsiI.Ic liltv miles fim: ward. I'ACnif COAST riLoT. f>5 11(1, wlicrc it si I II. I point, till ' II llllll'H III I'll!! M\ III mill' t.illi tli'trli mil i<: (' till' ill |illi III. I III ki'lji III Mm I'lll nil (iiilt't.i '. .nil! till' ilr|>; lii'lli^ ii\ ri ;^ii I I I i-l 1_\ III;; ili'\ . «l"-t lit' < lull 1.1 III I 111 \\ .ili'i I I t.il liiilii>> iii-i!' Ill sllllll'. I'll Ml w tell tliilli. I I', « li;i li 1^ 1)111 1. • Mil r\lt'l|iU to .1 rl|i, " In li l> nllii I III' sJiiiM', .llilj 1 1|. ki'lp aliili;; .si|..|. 1' l^ .IIIOiln'l I'l' t t oiii i'|M'iiiii, liir i< |iiioii till' tiiM it « I Til Vlrjii < 1. 'IICIOII. « ill 111' lirsi'Illn il I'l' lit' .1 lillirli'i'li 1 1 .M'lr til III llij; till . lolllt lit S.lll lilll II i.i|iliii' -III \ 1 \ till n liii||i'< IS iiol atl.iiii' U\ N. , « lilili Will llMlnill'il .tllil till. it il li.i> •• f^li'.it .11 . , ;l!lll l'>lirll,lll\ I" i liu' >liorc wi'si u , ire fV'iliiN tliilii 1' |ll'l' lllllll . lull I'l I ' 1 S.lll r>iii'ii,i\«-iit Hi I nil' till- liultlirlli ■ liiiili;; tlif iNlaiiil" lllt < 'olllf|U'll:ll I' I'lirrciit I'niiii tlir ii til ilii' iim ilivN :n '! ta \ III'/ Miiiiiit.i!! Till' iimlli .slum \\ liii'li .It I. mil .III < IM-Iiiiiil S iiil.i r.ii ' II l>t'il, lull « liiili i! ill' tiltv iiiilfs t'roii Tlic pt'.iK "f S.lll I.'alarl. twriitx mii' iiiili's noi'tli twciitv-niiii' ilftrrt'OM west (N. L'H W.) fntu\ Hiiiilii l^iili.ii.i l.i'.;lit liiiiix-, attains an rlr\aiioii of .vi\t\ live liiiiiiliiil Ircl, ami slimilil hr visilili^ at It «listik!i<'r III' iiiiii'tyllM' mill's. Ill lii'.Miml tin- S.mia l'>ailiai.i Islamis, ami as far mil tli as llii^ I'ii'iiras r.lamas. SMI.INii IHtM'.rilnNS. Till' S.lll 1.1 I!. 1 1 liara ( 'liaiiml Is ii-iil li\ all iii.i>t iiiu stiaini'is .iml ncsscN niiiiiiii;,' lirtwri'ii .S.tn Fraiii!isi'o ami .'>an I Mi'^in : llir I'.iiiani.i hhI Mi'\iraii >Ii .iim r^ hum ii>ii.iII\ Ki'i'p iiul>ii|i' I lir isl.imis, f.slifciallv III llllllllli;; soHlli. lioilliil lliloimli till' rliaiillt'l. Vrssil.> t'lillilii;: llolii tin- sniitli A ai il l.ilir I heir ili'p.ii tllli' riiilii riiiiit I'lriiiiii l.i^lii. I'l 'III I \ iiH'i'iili'. Ill III nil I 'oiii I hiiiiii'. till' II inn In i-li-ar lliiriifiiii', .i> it is cnii- siilt'l'i'il il.iii;;i'loils 111 appliiai II Aii.ir.ijia jsj.iml on lln- luilln r sii||. nj' ilir I'liaiilii'l. t'liiiiin;.' tiiiiii tin- iin: t liwrsi u .ml. \<'>>('|s makr I'l'iiil * niiiipriiin. ami litlu r in pirasant or in rllit'k Wtatln r i-.lll Ui rp rliis|> nmli r it. S.ulin;^- \ osi'l.s, Iihwcmt. slmlllil nnl keep il rinse almaiil, lest. tlii'V losr llic wiml nmlii iis lee in llmk, l'nL:;;.\ wi'allii'r, willmnt «imi, iia\i,:alnrs, in iiiak- iii^ titc San 1.1 11.11 1 1: 1 1. 1 < 'li.inml rmni 1 lir imri liu rsi, air >i>ini'tinii's aMr In i >( jmalr tlii-ii appinai-li to it li.\ tin- pri'ii liar mini' nl till' II I III lit' pr 1 1 nil 11 III » liii'li .^pii.iils nvi'i' a lar;:r part III' till- I'li.iniii'l ill warm, ijiiii'i xM'atlirr. 'I'liis ml ri-cs linin lunnr ninii' siilim.iiini' nil spiin'.^s, oiii- l,\in,i; tliiili'rn iiiiii'H siinili III' .Sani.i i!arliar.i, nr ri:;lii mili'> In ilii' mu iliw r-i ol i'l iMinii'-. I lai Inn. .s.mta Crn/ l.slaiiil, inai l,\ :ii ilii' iniililli' of tin' ili.iiiinl. 'I'lii' l.ii-i'--l ml spi in;.' is luratrii alioiil rmii' inili-s west III (lull i.i l.aiiilln;; ami .ilimil mii' iiiili' Iroiii tlir -limi', in IucIm' r.iilinins ol u.iicr. At tills piiMir till' sill r.ni' ol till' w at IT is (ON I'l I'll with a slnil i I' ml .i I unit 1 un imlii's ilmk ami i'o\i'rin;; ail I'Xirii! of almnt liM' airrs. All alnii;^ I In- i'o.i>l 1 Iniiii' In i'oint ( 'mirrpi ion. .iml almnt tlirsaiiii' ili.stumi' IVmii lln- slimt', ilii'n> arc si-si'ial sprin;,'s, Imt miii'li snialliT in t-xti'iit llian tiic inn- (leHcrilu'ii. Viinrnini'i IS ihc tirst who rails atti'iitimi tn tin' liiliiiiii'n ami in'lroli'iiiii. in tin' I'ollnw in;."- iaii- tJllttjic (\nl. II. pa;,'!' I 111 I ; Till' siirfilii' 111 I III' "ii. M liiili » us iii'ili rl ly Nil II mill anil lr:iiH|inl, "as rii\ "ii'il « itli :i tliicU, slimy siilistlim't', wliuli, « lu'ii M'|iai.ili il 111 ilistiiiliril liy aii> Inilr amialmii. In i .nni' \ iiy I un humus, wliilsl i ln' li;;lii Im'i vi- llial rami- |>riiU'l|iully trolii tin' slmri' liriiii){lit » illi ii a sinni^ Kiiirl! mI' l.ir >>i "I sninr mh li H'simhiis milistaiii'i'. I In' m-M ini'in iiiH lln' si'a hail lln- a|i|iiar.iMi r nl' ilissnh I'll Mr llualilii; ii|iiili lis siiil'ar.'. wlin'li rnvi'r. il ll • ran in all ilMrrlmiis williiii tin- liiiiiis i.f .nir \ I. « , anil iiiiliiaii 'I I Ii.ii .n lln- i. iulilim linn'l it "as iml siilij.i t tn nun li .litilaliuii. Till' rnllduinj 11 marks of. Sir i'Muanl ilililici , in i >rtn!ii i . |s I'.i. .iii' raki'ii linin llii' \'o\a;;i' of tlie Siiliildir ; \ ol. I. p.l;;i' .'iL'tl; : I 111' this I'.ii I of I In' rnasi In tin- "csi "anl 1 "T Sail la ll.ii li.n a | ur r\|iiiii'iii'i'i| a \ I'ly r\tr.n'I'l in.ii\ srii-.i! imi, as if the sliiji "as .111 lirr, ami aftrr a mtv ilnsr invrs|i;ialliili alliililitril il 1" a -.riiil iVutn tin- slinlr, il liriii;; iimro si'mkIIiIii on t'.i'rl. lliaii hrlnw : ami lln' laml lirrr/r riniliniiin^' thi'<, il m riiriril tn iin' ilial it ini;;lil arise I'mm iia|ilitlia nil till' HiirtaiT. Till' simll 111' tills asphaltiiiii .ipjicars tn lie iii'i'asinn.ills I'Npi'i iriii'i'ii ipiiii' lar iioin tin' I, mil. (8ee('oai'(>il i'mnt.) In 'vinikiii;; In till' wi'stwani in till- rliaiimi. «itli snminrr wt'sii'ily wimls. it is aiivisalili' to ki'cp I'ar i'nnii;:li nit in ;rit tin- I'nrt'r of tlu'Wiiiil uilljoiil liic lar.;:i' swell. It' I'ninpclleil to wot k t'io.SO limli'l I lie mil ill slinii'. aii\ aillai;!' Ilia.N lie l.lkell nl t lie ei|il\ I'linenl 1 11 II II in;,' 111 llie V. I'sl u .ii'il, in winter till' iiarlioisnn tlieiiotlli .sjiles nl llie islamls allnlil nnoil sliellei- illllinn; liea\ \ sniitli- lasti'l'.s, of a \issel liiav lie In M'f.\ coil'InrtalilN liniler the lee of these lli:;ll isl.imU. |n .ippi'nai'h- ili;; llU' liollh shore vessels will Hni| Imhl w.ilei, i'sperl.ill\ oil' Ilie pmnls, Iml il is li,l/.,ililnl|s to ;;o ilisliie tile line ol' tini kelp, wlijrh exists in l.niji' inasse.-, in lil.inx plaees, Kill in;: tin siiinmi'r seasnns llie hnvij i\,ijh ate almost emistaiit in the Santa Ilai liai.i Cliaiiiiel, anil (•inehip the main shoi-e, elianml. ami isl.inils, lull nnl iiiitiri|iii'nll\ the islamls alone are Iml- ilt'ii, wliilst the iii.iin latiil ami (•lianml are ileii or nnn'eiaiily i hai. I'or the spaee nt' six weeks at Point ('oiicepi'inii in Is.Vt, witii cleat' ilays ami ni;^lils. the islaiuls were imisilile, Imi upon lis in;; to an I'll \ aliiiii oldne I Iniiisami or lil'ieen lnimirnl I'l'ei mi the imiiintains tlie oli>ei'\ ei plainly saw the sitiiiMiits III' liie islamls aliove the sea ol' in^ einelopiiiL; llioin. .Sotneliim's the islamls will lie eleai all li.iy, Inil wtappeil in a ileiise. wrl lou all liiulit. I'he tn^s iiinstly exist iluiiiin- caliii Weal lii'i .mil lin|il wimls, ami are neiieially ilissipaleil li\ the stormy nniihwesl wimls. Shoiihl tliey U'liniin with a lii;;h wimi the wealher lieeonies ■ rmiaMy eolil. Till' I'Mi'/v /'( th< Sunt, I lliiilniid Cliiiiiiiil arewlinll\ ilillereiil iliiriiiL.' t In' siiiiiinef t'l'oin tlinse OUtsiili' till' isl.imls ami oil' Ihe eoasi tn ihe lint I Invest w .ml. I iiih r tin' iimtli shnii' the westetiv r)(5 I'M irif rc>\»i I'll in. I wiiiils (l.Miol ri'iK'li r.ir .'af^twanl iif \''>n\[ Coiu't iici.ni wiili iini. h >lrciiKlli. I'Hl an- Irli i. ,: til.' i.sl.iii.l>. iiiid «.' havr h.'.Mi Ini..',! to Uaw ilicaiii'horaK'fiii I'riHoniT's llailM.r l..\ a.siinn and licavN -«ill "'iiiii'-' in iK'm t li.' . Ii.innrl. W <• liavi- rrn|l|.'lill\ kith >csscN r..inlli;; n i. tlii>i'a>l«ai.l \Mili all -ail m'I iml liu'l'' aii> Ifin llif iioilh.iii it wry lillli- liiru' I'f.liir.d |. i'an\aH on aiipniai liMi;.' tin' <• i|i.', ami vcsm-U Imin llii- ii.iii1i\M',sI .'(imiiik' iM'furi' .1 -iniikin. lose 11 vMlliin a l.'W inJcM all. 1 |M>^in;.' Ilir I'.iin' iiil.i ilif clia 1. ■riic>r LinI unnM lir I.. I ill ri',11 liui;.' Simla I'.ailiaia in a ■! i,\. W .• Iiavf Ktiowii :i m s.^i In In- lliiri-dav s wiukui:.' li r>ii( ii.iM'iiima li' San I a r..ii!>ii 1 uliilr .1 l>i (■m/i' was liUtwiitc wfsl nl I'dini 1 .m, , OiiiNiili ihi' i-laiiil-i llnir In 111 Miiiiiii.i ,1 |tH'\ali'ni'i' "f >ti«tiij; imrlliwrHi wimlswiili swell. ii>iiall\ nintiiiij; vmiIi llii'cill -lioi.' 1 iiiniil. ImiI al liim-* tlirir a|i|n'ais i«i Im- a imiiiiiI i tlic wiiitl, as ilcii iiiiiniil .'11 liii' ('mil-. Slin.il. ami llim III.' ,s«rll is >lii ilci and iiicf>-..ii ,! " t'lii>p|'>" 111 wiiih'i till' ,-(Uiilii' i>i -alr^ 111- iHii si> licn'c a> fuilliri noitli. Tlii'V ;;tini.ill\ l.ivi ■ tlin'f da\s. \Mili iiHiilcrair i.iiii ; .iml .1 iiii>s x-a and lii'.»\> >w(ll iii'' i.uM'd, Immmu-. tin- " iijjainst the ■111 rent. Wlnii ijic ;;,ilc is almiil t" bri'ak. tln' haiiMiuiiT. wtm li M-ldi-in l.ilU m..'. iialf an imti. ('11111111. nn'- In iim'. iIi.' wind M'fi •« I" iIm' .siiiiili«f>t ami w 'st, iiml mhui ilin| tiu' llullliwi'st. with dial wi'illi.i and a ia|.ldlN railili;; sra. Till' rain,\ ■..'asnii . .piiiiiu'iu'.'- in lli.'iai!> jiail ul N.iM'Iii'h'i willi >1il.'IiI .■•ImiwiTs aii.l I'lmi iinlil ill.' iiii.lillf .if Mai.li. Tlic licav H'>l i.iMi-. Tail in piii'inln r li> .laiiiiais. 'Ilif i|ii,ii:! rain that l.ilU i1.m«. n.it ;iMTai;i' umi IiIitii imln >. 'ml s.inic mi'imhi- aii- iiiaiU.il K\ i\i. dliin;:lil. hill III;: till' wintir Miiitliiast nairs jiii'V.iil, :uiil soimi iiiii'> .liiriii;^ I lir Miiiiiiiri n Niiiitlii'ilv NMadii'i will luiii;; ii|i Iiim\> lain. At I'ltini ('(.iiiriirinii we li.nl a licax.v lain and - fast u jiid ill .\ ii;:ii>t. Till' Cliaiiii. 1 .d' S.iiita llarhara wa> .liM'UM'nd li> (".ilnillo in 1.M-. and iiaiiird " I'.l ( .11 Santa l!,ii hai.i "' \<\ \'i/i'.iiiiii in llrrriiilicr. |iit>L'. A |iii'1miiiii.ii,\ rli.iit nl' tlii' I'.i^lci n i ii w;i-> |iiilili>liiil iii.iiiN \(',u^ Mill.' Iiy tin 1. ,>. < (i.i^i Siii\c\ . Ill 1 1 III l'^"'-' a lai-;,'<' sr.dc rli.u 1 1 ' ' wliiilf rlialili.'l w.is |.lllili>li.(l. s\\ 1:1 K.NAvr.M I i;a ASi'ii"!! \.;i;. Tliis is a sli;:lit iiidiiitatinii in tin' ^iciu'i-.tl iii'ii.l nf Ih.' riM-l. and alVunis a '•inall, {•ihm! - niiT amliiir.i;.'!', Init ii|i.n tn tin' ^hhiIhtIv j^airs ui winti-r. It is jii^i nitliiii tlii' IIuimI > ' iSatita r>ai liaia ( 'li.iniii'l at il>ti'iii rut 1 iii< •'. and in .'i;;lit iniji-x tiuitli ti>it\ li\ .' ilr;:ii'.^ (N. t.'i W.lliiin I'.KIil ilil.'liiiiii' l,l[,'lil. Ill.l MXtr.ll lllll.s liiiltli cl^jlit drj^lt't'S Wfsl ,N.v .'. tViiiii till' casii'i n I'Mii'iiiii \ o| Aiiai.ijia Ivl.ind. It lii.s iiiidii tli.- s|iiii nl tlic iii.iiintaiii'-. attain .111 I'li'V .11 i'lii III im'.iiI\ tliiri' tliiiii^.ind l.'i-I. and iniiii- ii|iiin tlicrua^t lntwi'cii tin- :< valli'V ,iii I'liniiaMiiiiii a ( '.iliiiTa I'.ui im 17.11 -avs: •• Tli.' l.in.l makes a lia.\ \miIi .1 . Ic.ii •. . Id till- end uf llic MiilV l.iiid." I'll.' >|iiii .if ilies.' iiiipiiiii.iiiis .ind 111.' t.isvn .It tluii I. 'it I'.liiiid till- aii.li.na;;.- atlm.l marks tor inakiiiLr it- Wli.n alii.'.i>i S.in Un. nav.'iiiin.i tin- \.ille\ ul tlic river i.| ilie .-am. is well o|i.'iiei|, .111.1 111.' wliart oil the liliiil jii-t east of the town i,>, ili>l in.llv ina.le .ml. .-im ill tiic iiioiniii;;, with th.. -.li.idoNs i>:i the noiili side. Tli.' w .■•.lemiiiost point toiiiiin^ the am Im i8 low .iiid >.i;id>. liiit the -Imie imiml t.i llie . a-I « ,ii.l i.i lMi|.|.riil 1>> a sle.ji \ ell.iw |si. risiii;; Iroiii Ihiit.x to >.\(iil\ live le. I in h.'i^^hl. .It Iw.i inilo e.ist w.iid. ami l.u miii^' tin • tcriiniialioii of the hioad |il..iiiM.t th-- S.mta Thiia \alle\. Tlieic aie no oiii l\ in- .I..11-. 1 kel|), ami th.' three I, il Loin .iii\.. is al.oiil on.- thud of ;i iiiilo oft' mIioic. Vessels ..urn- \u am-lior III four or live f,iilioiii> w ith .s.d.is m -iiinim r we.itlicr; in winter tln'\ am lim H: fathoms, null ex.iljint holdiii;; ;;ronnil, but must he rea.ly to >;i) to sea upon the appeal n approaill nf .sollthe.lst Weather. I'll.' wharf siii'tilies oiii iliice hiimlied and 1. 11 \aids fioiii hicl, «.iter mark from iimh MntV in the deepoi part ol the l.i-lii lormmc the amlior.i;:.-. .md e.i.st of the t..\> n. Th. i three l.ir;;e w.nehoiiscs on the liJiuV. al and iie.u I h.. inn.-i eii.l of tic wli.iif. Tli.' dc|>th ..| •■ al the outer .lid of the wharf is ruieen fe.'l. .md heie the whail Is UNents feet above lilnh vv Muoriiius lie oil th.- 1 lid ol ilie wli.irl and aUo on th.- .-.ist side. All vessels load and disli at til.' wharf. We h.-ad inailv iiorlh w In 11 l,\ Hi;; .ih.ii;; side, and haul out to in iM;;buo.\s. .V four ituh oil (lipc has b.'cii laid 111. Ill .Saiila I'auhi. twelve miles from tins phiec, to a lat-;e tan- .: lAciric cuAsr iii.nr. :.7 I'lll ;i|i' tell I, II l»ir li_\ II .si lull i>-'fN ridimi;; 1 I III!' II lllll'l'll I. 'I' .1 >ll.lllklll. -I "IMlM llv li.l 1\ •< Wlilkillx' ll I'l ruiiii ( iiiji , >l W Hills Willi " Im- ,1 I III iriil , .lllcl lll(C>-..(| ,1: ;,'" Ml i.ilJx List ll. lircMlM- till • •M'!cli>IM tills I , ;iiii| Miuii clii.j >liu«i|- .iiiil riiii; ■ ll> ■ I lit' llll,ll • tll.ll Iti ll li\ r\, , ■^ llic Slllllllll'l I, liiMv.N tain aiiil ll.iniril ■■ r.l I .11 tllr i-.islii 11 II, ir^c simI,. 1 h.iii . iiU a sill, ,11, M,„„| lliiii till' lliiii.ii ' li'i l.\ ll\ I- ilfuii I - •;;liTs w ol N . - till' 111011111:1111-.. ■I lll'UVl'lMt llic ll Ilii- S.ilitil CI, II, I I I'a.V » nil .1 rli-.ii nil liiii.i-i- .illm.i Vi'ai.it liiaik limii llllll. I III- tlH> II. 'I'lll I . I'Im i|i'|itli III lit aliii\ (• hi;:li (' l> IdhI ami iliM\ • ' lllillll III;; liiiiiN - it«', to a laij^f tai. the liiMil 111" tlif vliail, fiiuii wliirli it is li'iiii;,'iit ilnwn to tin- visscis tu luaii in liiilU. 'Ilir lainlinu oil Ilii- lirarli i^ liail ami in w iiiliT \i'i.\ liii|iiriiil,\ ilanKiTotis. 'I'ln' >>U'.\ riirri-iit tIum' aimi- ilii' iii|iiil.iiinii of llmtiin liiiiiilinl ami .srvi'iit.N in l>Mi, ami i< ia|iiill.\ iiitira>iii;,'. TIh' Iivit S.iii Hiii'naM'nlilia nines tliriiii;;li a liai iii\n , iml l iili, a.;! irilltiiial \ .illi-,\ nil 1 lir wrst silU> of tiir low 11. lull in ill> siasiills it l> juw anil tliirs lint inrak tlirmii^ll tlir liracli. (Ill tlir\M>l HJtlp of till' I i\ IT ail' siiliii' lilll' i'Xani|ili'S nf rna.sl platranx. Till" low |iiiint al till' niuiilli nl tin- ri\t'f is iiannd l''iiil Urn iinrt iiiiirn. From r.iii'n.iMiitiiia tlir islainl ul' Sania I'.ai liara, ilisLint lill,\ inili'-, li,i> In in .scrii almv r llii' Intrizon llpmi scMTiI nria-»inl|N lilllin;; llir I l-ll;:ll it is miT>sai> tn a>rrliil in nil I'li'Valinil nl' Iniir liniiilri'il I'ci't In .sit it lllnlrr nniinai \ romlitinlis III' li'I'iai'tinli, The Missiiiii ii/' S'ln I'.ik tun i iilmii, iinw .sininiiniliil li\ ilu- |n\. n, wlmh lia> inipiuv iil lapiills witliiii a Irw \i'ai-. \\a> tniiinlril Mairli .'11, 17.SL', ami is in a t'air slati- nl' pri-ii \ alimi. Itsuin- gritj[>hi('a 1 pn.sitinn. as ili'li-riniiii'il li.v tlii' Coast ami (Irmli'tii- Siiivr.v, is— Lnlilml.' iinniliiili' dr, III lilll.' ::i ir. .'.n ..'■ imrtli. 1 1'.i IT I- 11 ». -1. T .■■: 1 1 ■-• The coinpnti'il ina'^'ni'lic \ .iiiatimi is |."i .!.'. iii\i I'nr .laniiai\, I >.>."i, .iml iniTi'ast's 1 ..; aiinii ally. On till lOlll nl (lllillll r, l."i r.', ( '.lln illn, ari'niillll;: In tlir liaiiatl\r nf I'i'l Mill, ani'linliil ill front of a \riv larui' \allr\ iii tin' riia.-.t wi --I (if Miiuii ll i'^ lii;;lil,\ iinli.ilili' tins w ,is al S.m llilcliav riitiiia. w 111 ir llllll' was all I mli.iii \ ill.i;;r " illi lar',;r liniiNi's. In tin' sliip> rami' iiiaii> raiKH'N, rarli linlilin^ Ml i'l\i' In lliiili'i'ii India US, « lii'iin' Calinlln naini'il it I'.l I'lii'liln ilr las C, mi i, is. Tlu* iliilian naiin' w .i-< \ urn. The si j^! Ill pun 1 1 .It this placi' was iiamril •■ Pnnta ilr Win iliili'i-" li.v X'i/cainn (.'^ntil .\ Mrxir.inii. Ill 17ii!> till' laliiiiili' nf " till' Imlian \ illaui- al tlif rast rial nl' tlii' clianml ><\' ^\\\\\.\ ILirliara " was (U'tcilniiii'il \>\ linn Mirliai'l Cniistaii/n, llii' I'liLiiiii'if nt (invi'inm (i,i-|Mi' I'ni lai.i'-- I'vpiili tioil, as n I 11. Ml \ |ii'niialil,\ at tin' iiimitli nf I III' San I'.nrli.iM'iitnra I.'imi . In li'M.; \ iiirnin I'l'Vs nlist'l'V atinlls at Ills anrlinl'.liri'. t lilii' Inlli's Wi'.-^l li.llf linltli , W . .^ N.)flii||| the laiiilin^;, nilinril In tlir laltcr plan'. ;;avi' tin' l.itiliiili' •".I l."i'. Tin; .sii;i!i!A (■■iNcr.i'rinN. From San I'.iii'iiaM'iiliiia tlir moniitaiii i'an<;i' fniinlnLC tlir rnast linr w cstwanl is nainril Ilir Sierra Cnmrprinii. alilinii;;li snmrl inns rallnl till- Sii'i.a Santa N in-/, trmn ihr mi>>ioii ainl .■.tiraiii of that iiaiiir nil ils nnrlliciii liasr. It iisis alirnptlv timn tlir wain liriirr tn rnints ( 'iiiiirpci..n and .Vr^iiirllii. anil i.s niM' nf till' lir.st ilrtimil mountain r.inrcs mi thr rn.ivi. It I'Miiiils iir.iilv c-a.st ami wr-.! inr a ilistainr nf .■«t'\rnt\ livr miles, whilst its ;;iralr>t Ineaillli is liaiill,\ iimirtlian ten mill's, .\ s Ml' 1 1 from se.iw anl it forms a Int'l y lian irr, attaining; an rlrvatinii nf tliiee lliiiiisainl eii^ht linmliril ami twi'iit\ tlnrr frit iininnli.ilrly lirliiml Santa liailiai a. ami ilmi-.i^iiiL,' lotwn tlionsainl tirt nrii ilir San I'.nena\iiiliiia Wimt.iI tlir ra.>I ami .it I'niiit ( 'nnri'|Minii . n llirwrsi, 'riiroil'^linnl ils ll iiL;tli llirir is Imt niir p.iss tliinii;;h till' iaii;;e, tlie l of Santa I'.ai liar.i. Tlirir is a strep pass ii\ er the laiiur ei;;lit miles wi'>l w aiil i>\ Saiit.i llaili.ii a, Imt at an ili'\ at inn nf t w nil yti v r liiimlinl frrt, ( )i j the siioiiilar.\ a\rs nf t his .Sin im lrriiiiiialr> at rnint Ai ,u;iirlln. w hne the sn pnitiiir i m k m.i.\ lir .seen in lar;jr masses stirtrliin;,' inin thr .sra. Tlir .Sin la is alinn>l parallrluiih Ihr mniint.ijn rli.iiii 1111111111^; tlimn^li thr .'^.iiit.i I'Lirhaia Lshiiuls, San Mi^iirl. ."^anla Itnsa.Sanla Cm/, ami .\ iiai uia, ami theSant.i Mnnira r.in;;r, v\liirli Im a enntinii.itiiin on thr m.iiii laml. It is vn-s .sparsely enNereil w ith tiinlier. mn.sl of the riir^r lH;in{{ (lest it lit r n|' trrrs, exrept I'nr Ini nr I \M'1\ e miles nli earli slile nf S.ilit.i I'.. 11 1 1.1 1, 1. 'I'hr .-.mm 11 stroam.s eninin^' fmin the mnnii tains frnm San l!iieiiaveiitnra i;i\ 1 r u e>l w anl Inr almiit t w rl\ r m flftet'ii mill's air m> impir;^iiatril with alk.ili that thry ate tmi liittir tn hr iisn! Ii> m 111 nr animal. and no Mi'tilris wne Inratnl aliin;,' thai .stirtrli of slime for iiian,\ M'ars.hnt ii is lieiiii:' .uiailiially ocvnpied. I 1, ; f ;,4 I'Afinc (ciA^r rii.oi I'lll.iii null 1 wr-tw.inl i<( S.iii Mm iiiix" nliM.i lliric is i. poiiol t<> Im' ,i ikIi .lf|...Mi ,.• nil 111.' >li.>ic, Miit.tcf >|Mi iiiitii- .Mrliliii;; MXtv l' U>l. Mini llii' >;.ih iiiiilli-il u aUui'^i miIIimmIiiiu'. |'.i'l\Miii Nan IJinii.iMiiiiii;» jiiiil Saiil.i li.iiliiir.i an- I'l'iii |.i»iiiIj>. Imh1\ I'IimKim,- il.. Ill llcl "f I 111' <'i.i,>l lllir ,lli.l llif HM' rlllli.lH.lil. I>'s 1,1' r.l l.'llK iMI .IIkI I III' « '.ll|illlt«-| I.I, « li. : 111!' IS slillipiil ti' S.III I'l.llU Isiti. fiilll l.'lx /'l/.O. Tills is tl,c til«l 1...I.I |...|lll «fs| of .S..1I1 r.ll. IM\flltlll.l 1,'lM'l. Im'III,' t iiitrlli s, Miiiv dfuri'i'."* wi'sl N- •'■ ^^ ■ ''"•"< l'"iiil S.m r.inii.ivriiiiii.i. ai llir montli <<{ • It ini'iti'ls a hltt.' iiH'if Ihaii li.illa inili-. ami IIm' t\ti.Miiil\ is l.iw. I[u\k-U] . iniiiiiilaiiiiiii.s riilyr.-* williiii ;i iiiilf. Tin- s||,.rr .'H ilu- lastriii si.j.' iijl, \,.\. I ii..iili..i~ IliH'.' t|iiaili'ri of a iiiili'. with tin- tliH'r lallioin jiiii' lialf a iiulf <>IV tin- Im .i> Ii hi iliis s.,, ami .some patrlivs of kflp as l.ir mil .is .m\ LiiImhiis; Imt tlii-ff is im krl|> I'lV tin- iimiiril, , aiiil ;;o.m| u.ilir tuns i l.isc to ii. I\il|i |i.ih In s r.piiuinnr.' tliii'i' ipni tiTs nf a iiiili' !•. ' w.inl. (Ill ihr \Mst .siilr iif till' |i. Ill 1.1 I'lIiIliI I »> Il 111' tin roill ~r Is liiil til rl_'llt\ lix r ilr:,; i . . (N.V' \\ .i ami till' ilisiaiiri' ruiii'ii .iml Ii. ill null's; io S.nii.i l'..iilMr.i l.i;;lit. «rsi W li-i'ii ami one lliiiil iiiilis; ami to I liii'iii'iiii' l.i-^'lil, smnli tlllv si'\rii id'iiii'i's cist ■•;. ;,; | tci'ii ami lliii r <|ii.il ti Is iiiili'.s. /'i.i/(^ (iiiiilii. — ilino ami olii' halt tiillrs liollli >i\I\ six ili';:ii-«'s wt-st iN.tlii W . i tro: l..i> I'lta.s is aioiliir iiii|ioi t.int ]iniiil. Il |s low at its i-\iirniit\ . I'lit I'arkril l>\ .i \ |\M'nt\ tv^ll liuinlii'il Ini in I'lrv .ilion. t>ii sii',.' o| till- |>oliit a .slli.ill si ri'aill rullii'S ilo\\ li to tllc oi'imIi. Tin' kilji lim< lirs rlosr to t!) uilli ili(|i u.ilii, S.iiil.i r.ll 11, 11. 1 wli.iif lies t«)'l\r .iiiil ii|n'li,ill null's woi t'luni lliis |iii. ilrM;:ii,itiiin III llit'|ioiiit is a >li!|>liiMtiiiii III iIm- ii.iiih' I'iuiI.i liniila. iiailir <'.i;>i' ^ll'm|ll> oll^lit to I li.lll;:ril. liiiiriiti I'l'iiil. — .\ii iiiiiiii|Mirlaiit |iiiiiii lyiii;: imrtli i'i;.'lil.\ si\ ili';;nH'« fiist N. si; i:. . •., Irmii till' Saiii.i Uaili.if.i w li.iil. ami imrili ii;;lit\ t"o ili'jjrrr.s i';«sf i N. S'.' !•;. , twrUi' .r ijiiai'li-r mill's tVoiii tli.' Saiila ll.tili.iia l.i;:li(. It :> ,i low.sainlx jioiiil, tliioii^li llir m wliii'li riii|ilii's ifiiiroii Ci'i'ik. 'I'iu- low l.tml lisrs to a liliill' uitliin two liiimlri'il \aiiN. i: liliiiV is till' s.iiiiinM'si ti'iiiiiii.iliiia ot" a li'ii;; iiil;;i' tli.it inns imsI noitlii'asl il'.NI".. im iKii olii' li.ill' liiilrs Id .Moii:i. Ili'.ir, aln'ai|\ ilrsrriU'il I'lolll l".l liilli'oli tin' low .shiiji' iill llir rastrrn slilr llllls liortlli'.ISl u aiillv I'm our lii null', ami tlnir is ^oo.l amlioraL,'r. rlr.ii oT ki«l|i. in m\ t'allioiiiit, in this Icr nmlii tin- ii"i! ' it liiais iii'itli sixty ilr-ir.s wist S'.iin \V. . ili.siaiii si-xcn li'mlifil v.mls. Iliio tin I'all'oiii liiir IS inly thrri' ii'imlir I s.mls lio'r 'In- lu-acli. I'atihrs of kilp In- oil tlic [u- tin II- is liolir iii^^iilr tin' tliirr ami oiicli.il f lal i n ' illir, W liiili is lnt««Tll two liiilnll'iil i alil tlilrr liumliii! \aiils iiV tin' lu'.nli. Tliilr ,.s a ilr|illi ol ilrxcii latiloiiis mir milr liraili. Wistuaiil 111' i;i li'iiiiiin llir imiiint.iil:- ■> '.n-.i! ami tlir lii« l.iinl ^tirtrhr- nioir lli.in till' liollliu.llil I..I tlilrr 111 liilir null'-, .ilnl I hr slnirr linr Is low, Willi no krlp alollj,' llir si a i'iiil|ilr III' inilrs. C.iliiillo aiii'lion i| innli'i !liis pipim m Orinlir,. I.M'J. Siiii'l /'ol')l^— This Is .1 loA .lail uiiiiiiiM.il. ml loiimlin- of lli.. lo.i.st lilir, l.Mli;,' Imllli • •Ii';,'i<'i's wr.st (N..-1 W ., iroiii UiMion I'oini. Iiiss.-m'h .unl oiir half iiiilrs i-a.st l»i imrtli (i:. :; N.) from .Sini.i i;.irl..ii.i w ii.u f. ami nun' iiiilrs r.isi liy mutli (Ii. I.y N.i ft"!- llaili.ii.i I.i-ht. It i> liiu .iml stnil\,aml iiisi.lr ,.t it .m- thr l,o\ saml tl.itsiiit ii|> l.\ ihr I ('.i!|iiiili-ri.i. whirli lirsat i|,i- inoiitli i,f t lir ai l'o.\ oi.f tiir sain.' ii.i Tin- isti-n. niiptii's 1^ row nioiiili iiiiniiir.' to Hn- i'..st«ai.l .'losr nmlrr tin- p^iinl. O.f t|„. |.,>iiit a ro.kv irrf si out ,1 liltir ov.r h.,lf ;i,llilr south lil'lv Ihrr,' ilr-ivr, wrsi , S. .Vl W . , whilst to till mil' • of Ihr I'oinl Ihr slio.,1 w.Mrf rvt. i„|s olir ihinl .,f a „„!,. |., |1„. lluvr falhoill Illir. Till' is foiiinl a, t.u out as si\ ami .i half f.itln.'iis, ami llir l.ottoni is i.Mk\ ami l.iokni. Tin- ' vrry I.K.ail ami .shrhlli-. I'M rpl |...lf ^^,u l.rlUMi, Ihr puiut anil Olin.stor, onr nulr r.i- mil ilt'i>i>«iii ..' it) an* t'liuiiil .1 \ KiraUiii;: llir I |iliilrl l.l, « lul' I IJlM'l. liflll:: I' tilt' MMMllll •>! I ■-. \ i\\ (|inrl»l\ li.ll Ix llill tl|l'.l' iii'li III llii-i >iii.i itV till' IIIIMIfill.l' > 111' a null- t>> I r: .7 ii.iiti). W .0 wi^i . Ii I ri;:lity livf iIi-i.m l.i;ilil. writ \V iM'S IM'if 1 ^'. •"'" 1 : ,N. ».'• \\ . If.' cknl 1>.\ a \'l> I |MMk 111 tllf I'll- flrv .ilii'li. (>M 111 llC^ iId.HC tcl 111' •St I'lolii lliis |ii>n •r J'aiM' Mi'iiiliM ,.i,Ht (N'.sfi'K. .'• s'j H.\ t«i'I\<- .1 ', tlll'lll^ll llic 111 lioinlinl vaiil-*. .1' ■asl ii:Nl"..j for tl.:' waiill.v I'm- >itii- lii Iff iiiiilfi tllf iii'i ■ yar.U. Il'i'- il" V. I|. hf .'IV tllf 1' •II \\\it liiiiiilrtil 1 latlioiii"* <"!'■ 'ii'l' iflif- m«iif iliaii .1 I Ivfip ali'ii^; III'- -!i [ IJuf, Iviiij,' iH'illi ■ lair iiiilf-* ••.">t t"' •th (!■:. l>N N-/ I'l'"" itsfiit u|i i>> tllf r i« fSlflx I'llll'tif-* 1' lint II iiirU,\ Iff 1' -' hilsl tu tllf ■Miiltli' • mill lilif. TIm" Iiii' mil Ipn.Ufii. 'I'll' ' iiihUt, Ollf lllllf 'M ,, A-A.^ NW.liy \\ . ; \V . I iml.'s -.as- '- V - - . / y- Ciimjii \'\'»V. 'T'^,-,'- -^ -<'Y •""• ililo l!.lM>;il:i l.i.'lil liuii'-i' «WBP^^ ^^^^%>' •^fk. '■#^^ *** * %a ^ ' -n-jji ' uJi ii ('iilH'lii I'rak, I'mnl >lip'intii>- I. milt hi'iih y, J s li. milfi. . ' •/^' .*>■*!>. rv . '■ ^v ... .- -^Y &j|f J ^* •.">(. ■»■ • ■»_ - ->;_' ,CE; 3!.'.' "••i .r. • - "^ » ? -.*i. •-..• -y lllr Mi...si..r, lift lliilmri Vmlii'inktc. NW l N ■li--l.inii' I.. I'miil S»iil« Hiirliarii, Suiilii \ii'f Miiiiiiliiiii, :r:I.V- liM't iifinly III r in;;'". " i"il' i I I *Mj I'ACIIIC COAST I'll.Ol'. r.i) where tli(> (lire*' la! Iiniri ciiim' i- two Iminliiil and lil'l.v ,vai(I> tVoiti llic licacli. '\|i)rt'ci\cr, in this \iiini!y tli(< k«'l|> is not so llnrlv ami the Imttuin is mure ici;iilar. Il is sanl llial \is,>cl> imriin;,' I'loiii S;iii Itiieiiast'niiiia in thick In;; can ;;ii insiile the uiitei lii-M nl k('l|i nil this poinl ami Ibliow it to the (!ur|)interia Lamliiit; of Santa I'.aiKara, lait ihe.\ mn>t liii;; it (IhscIn Id aMiiil the danficr nIV Sanil Point; ImU this seems a \ei.v (laii;j;ei()iis iliiedinn when it is just as cleai 'o lollow the Uel)) on the outside ami in lietter watei-. Oii(\ hik! il halt' iinies castwaiil ul'Saml Point is a laijje dejiosit nt' as|iiialliiin. The Carpintnid Liiinlinii is in tiu' 1m;:IiI east ot'tlie Anoyo del Toio, wliieh opens tl.ioiij;h the lilidV point two iniles westwaidly of Sand Pciint. Il lies cast sixteen de^'iees mnth (!•'. ItP N.) live Hiid a hiilf miles IVoin S.mta Mailiara uliarf. aid east tweiit\ one de^'iees north {]]. 'Jl ^ N.) Nev(Mi iiiul II half miles liiuii Santa IJailiiia l,i;:ht. The hiiilV on each side of the ileep aiiDVo is nearly Olio hundred teet hi.i;li and i|iiite sterp, with a Hit eniintrv I'm halla mile to In' iioiih and northeast. Tho lti<,dil l.\iiij: lielweeii this |iiiiiit and SamI Point is said lualViiid ihetiest lieaeli iaiidiiin on tliis line of euist, and is clear ol' kelji for ihiee i|iiarters of a mile oil siiore, with very re^iiiliir Iwtroni from the lieacli to tl\e (atlioins at the kelp. The wharf is nearly two thirds of a mile east northeast (F,NI';.i from tlie|ioint. near the deep- est part of tlio l)ii;hl, rtheie a ileptli of fourteen feel ol' water is found within two Inindied \ards of tlie hoach. It is about ei;:ht hiiinlred feet Ion;: and eii^hi f, et above hi-li uater. A depth of alioiit twelve feet of water is found at ordin ir\ low title at its outer I'lid, Init the captains of the coasliii}; steamers say this depth varies con>ideiali!.\ witii the season, as the sand washes ntf the lieaeh In winter and shoals the w.iter at the wharf. They npnii that this is eiiaractt risiie of all till wi'UVes pnjjei'tiii;^ fro m ,1 sand lieaeh on the southern coast. ■■ieliiiitj this landing,' I'loni Santa I'.aihar.i in thick, Iii'jl:\ ViiMlher, coasiiii:;- steamers m.i\ ';.')' ■ under the shore .siile of the kelp, in three and a hail to loin ,iiid a half t'.it hoins of tvaici . until tlieir distanet' is np, ami Ihi'nhanl into theliiLrht: Imt they can not t'ollow inside the kelp near Sand Point on accDiini ot the rock\ palclii's theic. Cabrillu anchored near Sand I'oint in (»ciolici. l.'il'J. .'^A.N I \ llAi;i!AI!A. l'''roiii Point Sail I'.iieii.ixcnti.ra to the wli.ii f al Santa llarliara, the clistance is t weiit\ and I u o. Iliiids miles, and the lieariiii: north ei;;lit.\ I wo and one half ile;;rees west ( N.-'s.'.l W .< In approach Mi^ .Santa Itarlp.ira fimn ilie eastw.ud ui uesiu.ird the cli'\atii>n calli'il I, a \'iL;i.i. m •• l.ookniit Hill,'' on the west side of tlie anchorite, stainls out well on aecoiml ol' the low I iiid lietuecn il and the nlountaln^' to tlie north, and h a •:iuh\ mark liefore llie Imlit house oi the Mi-sion i> di>- tin;;iiished. N'es.sels oomiii:; from the westward first si;:lit this round, smooihtopped lull uliicli is fom liiimlr<>)l and si\; i i hree feet hi;.;li ,i, and upon appr paelunL,' I lie aiiehorai;e keep out >ide ot' t 'le line ol kelp Held (h '.ai|\ half a Hide wide I .iiiil ;;railuail\ roan I ih<' pom:, iijion which is>itiiaiiil the liiihlitou!' '\'<( •■ 'ics soiiihwest.'ilx lroi,i [',„■ wharf. Keip .ilon^ the kelp inii.l al>r. asl ofihe town, and • n ■ , ! ' ev en lathoms, or pa.^s tlirouirh the Lelp and anchor on ihc inside of ihe kelp lieh', i'l Hir».' ',1. ' '■ .1:' fathoms, hiid hottoin; lint the ste.imers now run directl,\ to the new. or cistern, whan, .' t M iifti^ dcsciiliid. In anchoriit;; lar enoii;,di oil' to ;^ei nine or ten liiliom-. ihe lio:toniwi «■ foil! I .iky. .\ hsdio^'raphie sk'lili of the viciiiit\ was published l>\ iheCoasi Survey in l.-^a."), . : ' ihe Santa Itabira ('haniiel sheet in l"<-<>>. No daii;;crs I ,.\e liei u discovered in Ihe kelp oil' this be.icl,. In winter, vcsseU nuisl .(iiclior outside of the kelp, as the irales di lach it ,ind drive il shoie W.lld in such vast ipu'llies I h.il, I'oininu arioss a \i'>sei's haWse. il helps to blill;.; lioihe Inr aiiehor.s. lint it is noi n.;. 'iiaiv to ride out a ;,'.ile, and upon il, ■ 'ppioatdi of a storm small M's scls seek .«helter hi . aCrnz Island, l winlv mdes dlslanl to Ihe soiilhwanl. in I he l.ir;;e lii;;ht known as I'l is..ii, i"- Harbor, on the noiih s|,|r ,,f tjir island. The.;, .theasiciiiiiiiei point ,<( the \'i;;ia Mill forms I'diit CiixlHln,* which is a iicailv pcipeii dicidai > :i*t -Loiit lills let above the .sea, and iMviin; a level strip oi laiol behind it. Tin' low *ll wiv . ■■■ . I I Mil.: Iilipi. In \ .iiiiDiiviT HI NiiM'iiilii'r, IT:'.!, afl.i tin- i .mumkiihI.iiiI el I In- \'\r>\.\ I Sin la llaiiiiiiu, Hi>ft(' I 'Oil r. Ii|ir liii\(.inlici( Il iH iia (I I'liiiil Caslill 1 en ilir ...asi s;u\i\ i !i ol el' l-..;i, I nun a small .Vlionlii earth iiilmilil fnnni'ils , msIiiik iipiiii ir riir niilliiif el' ili.- «..il, ,,hi!.1 iMii.e.l in l-TD. Il is lallc^.l I'l mIimIi) Nevn III 111.' |il.in ..I Itoii ,l.,„| t'eliar \ lannin/. ITsil. u^t linlihsli.a li> I i.iIi.miiitI. m IT-'.I. / I fio i'A( iric I t'Asr ni.or. I f i I i' • I .samlv liciicli coiMiiKMU'cs at tliis puiiit ami stirlcliis alonj: alioiit two miles Id tlif imrilifasi ami !l Id wli.iit >l.iil-. (lilt Iniiii the I'lMili aliuiii hall a iiiilr lunllirasiw aid uf tin- |iiiiiii. | wli.nf i> lui' liiiiiilinl ,iimI lit^hls iiiiii- >ai(l> Inn:,' t'n>in tlir w anliniM' nn llir Ixmi h, ami liail i fci't nt wall! at tlic cMniiiitx . A Ti'dml uli.iit lia- hi'iMi Imil: |.i I lie (•a>t \n anl nf this,. |in>liiM;;aIioii iif Ihi' main stici'l i>l' llir tuw ii, iih! i> toiii Immlird ami iiiml\ .\ aids hm^ IVnii, watiTiiiaiK. It makrs a tm II iliiMii ■m- Inimlnd ami l\Miit> \ aids Imm 1 lir cMri'iiilSN . » r flliow to ihi' iiiMtlica-'. i'his |>ait mI :ln' whM is mm h ^Mdt■l than llir shurc end. I Ihi lart;t' waii'lidu-c al the i'\tri'init\ aiiil amitlni iii l!n' liiid. Tin' uiiiii iiid id' Ilir uli.iii l«(iil\ tri'i .iT wall 1 and mir hiiiidrcd and iiHv .\aii|s tVnmthi' iiiini t d;:i' nl ihr liidd nl whiih lias 1,1111 III lour ami a i|iiaitci- rathmi's almiu' il. It hrais N. .I'.i I',, .miith tliiitv ir ;;ifts casi . di-laiil i.ni' mill' tVoiii l.i;;ht Imusi- I'miil. In |ssi;tlii> wliail was ivtinilid liniiilrcd lirt t'liilluM. and tills latter additimi w i^ bent still !'i.ithi r tu the westuanl. lua^ m < twii ellitiws in ilie \vliaif. lis total leiiy;th is imw twent.v t vvi> liiimlnil hit. Tlie lamliii;; was iniim.ily mi the heaeli at the |iiisiiiiiii ul'tlie u liai I, Inil willi iIh westellv swell the siul' is \>,n\, mil talliiiL' si|iiare mi the lieaili. Imt eiillini; it al a s'iai|i Close inshore the eddv eiirn lit iiinsloihe westward a;,Miiis| the ]iie\ ailinu. Imt li^lit, wi- winds of siimimi. I'assen-ers and riei;,'hl are now lamhd at eit'iei ol llie two whai.e- steaiiu'is and sailing; xesseU, Smill v<'sseN load and unload .it the whaiM-s. Imt are iilili_' liaiil olV to mom in;r Imovs .' 'ieav\ swell eoiiii's in. Iaiiiil»er laden vi-s.s, is l'oriiieil\ i then iMr;:ii 111 the !uatli at hi: r. Siiiiln liitrlnifi; Point. — 'I'lie aasterii |ioiiit of the I kmit Hill lias no name, and \e! tlie most maiked in the iiiimediaie a|i|iroaehes to the anelimaue It i- a lii;;h elitV at llie ■ eiiue 111' a naiii.w mesa iindii Ilie Miiithein slope ol llie lull, ami is m tact 11 a^lerii limil >•' llle,>a ll|io|i W hit ll till- ll;.'ht lioll-r IS siliialed. The I.eld of kel|i elowdselose under It. W III", inner eil:;e is ill less than three f.lllioms .iml the outer ed;^e in live I'.lthmiis one I lillil of .1 tlolii -.jioir. The tell l.llliOlii line lies onl\ half .1 mile. .Hid the IweiltV lall.om Ir-.^ III. Ml ;i liom I lie shore. Initimn sand and soit ;;ieen mud. Ill roli.ir > Tamaii/ ma|i of ITsil ii i, , I'liiit.i de Martinez, but we lia\ e desiijiiated it S.mla I'.arh.iia I'oiiil. Siiiilii llinliiirn l.iijht h(iu>.i — Wisiwiud limii S.ml.i I'.alliaia rmiil llie naiiow mes.i i; Loiikoiil Ihll lUlls for nearly two miles, with.l model. tte swelling out towaids till- south. '' liiih' west southwest I NV.'sW . ' tiom the |ioiiit. and neai the -Miuthei iiimist |Hiint of the In i Ineated the li;:lit house, a lltlle li i.k liom the eil;.'e of the elilVs. Alue.isl ot' it the Inld ol lie;.Mlls III lue.ik .Hid lies elose undil tile lillfs. with si\ f.llhollis ..n Its outer iil;,'e oul\ one i|i| of .1 mile olf shore and ten fathoms ,tt mielliiid of a mile, h.iid lioltom. ()iitside of I < I'atlioms. at a little over lull' a mile, the liiitloiii is soil and stnkv ;.;reen mud. TIh' tmlsl.i line is three miles oil' shme to the soinliv /d and westward. riiele is u sh.il |i ill |ilessioll lUst W est of I he 1 1 _-|| 1 hollsi': .1 lid I he hlllll w li lih rillls a I'ou : miles lllilhir to the westward |s uol so liiL;h. lelri.its to the liortiiwest. and is iiil li\ two or sharji uuMies. The liiililliniiM sirmi'lie eoiisists ot' a |il.isierei| il w elliii^; i if mie ,ind a half stories, ]i.i stiiiie eolor. with jiieeii sliiiiteis |o the wim'.ows; a low, ;;ra.\, loiiiid tower, also |ilaslered. ill roll ;:h the eelltel of the roof of tli.' Iiiilldlli;^. w ith a rilelilai li.llilsli ade. and I he dmiie of t le tern IS |i.iiniii| nd. The liii;;hl ot tin- eeiiii r of th.. l.ini.rn ali.ne the li.ise of the siiini lllllls liiill leel. It is.-illuated oil tile phitiMll olle lliimlled .Hid el;;lll\ ihl-e yards from tin of the liliitl .imi under ilie soiithein s|o| f l..i \ima, m Lookout Hill, two miles sonth li(I,\ decrees wi si .S, ,",( W.iIidih I In- einl ot the New wliaif. lull not lliterx isilile, and one iii lie seventy I wo de;;lees west ".S. ;■_' \\ . hoin .SmiM Haili.lia roilit. The lillihlili;;s, as seen flol' w.iiil, will he luojei'ted a;;aiiist the hill liehiml i!. The illiiininat in^ a|i|i.ii .il iis is of the '• iinlir ol the system f I'resiii 1. .iml show s a Jin I irhitr Uijht. ilium 111, it ill;; the seaw.iid h.ill' i ' llori/.iitl. The , lie of Vlsiliilily of the ll;:lit, as eilt olV li\ ti,. imilels of the hlMlelli, Is lioiil ei;;hl\ si\ di „'l.i s \us! loiiml liy south In south ei;.'hl> si\ il('._'rees eilMl, or a little le.ss III ii. the limi/on. 'llie li;.'lil was fns| .shiluled I »ei liei I, I s'd'i, as a r»'(l li;:lit, hut has sim i elianyed to a while one. The |i,i;:ht ol the eentei of till lanleiii aliiive the Itase of the slim is Ihirt.v lour teel : Ihefoial |i|.iiii is one hundred , iml ei;;lit> three feel libovi' the mean lev. the sea, ,ilid 111 r|..Ml we.illici ihi' ll-lll e.ili lie seen tlolli a hel;;hl of— 111 l"..il III ;i iliKt.'inir ill' Ut liiilr.1. 'iU t'ciit 111 II lIlKlulHl' III '.'llj IllillM. Te.\ . ,«M orthfiisl ic pnitil I ml liMil i 1)1" llu>. . Ill;: IViiii lllilN, W !• <]. rih'i III' u li.i: ' ' li.'M .p! tlint\ iih Vti'iiilnl . I iiil-< III • Mill till I ,sl|,ll|, l-lll, U. , " liai . f- Mil' lll'll_' 111 IIH'I l\ I i' r, ami \ !■: \\ III ll I'll liiiiil ": r ll . « 111', iliii.l III' .1 -s I ll.lll .1 7.sii 111- . \\ ljii'-<.l i: IC Mllllll. ' ' >(' till- I'i'l I' lll'lil I'l ii\ mil' i|ii illjl' III' I ' !■ forty 1.1 mis It ciiii; _V tWil III ■ imii's, p.! i^li'ii'il. iiiii' lit I li. If stl'llrh Irmii I III MlM.lll lill\ iiic mill' - M'l'll linr 111' till' /. Ill hall' I'l , IS iKllll - less lli;i)i lilH Milll'f I llic sllll. liii-ail li'\. '.'wa ' m. I'Afiric (iivvT ni.'ir. HI Tlic ),'('o;;ra|>lii(">l |ni>itiiiii nl' tlic lii;hl Ikhi.si'. as lii'li'iiniin'il liv llii' Cua.-t aii'l (li'uiii'lic Siir T<'> . i> : l.iiiiiii.lo :il ■.';; r.i T ni.iili. l.iiiiKiiiiili. Il'.i |:'. II r. «i".i. , ,; 1 )r, 111 1 1 111.' ' ' .'.- .'.;;• .i; J^ 'I'lii' I'liiiiiniifil iiia;,'ii('tic vari.ilKiii is II .'iT' cast I'm .laiiiiaiv I. I >>>''''i. "illi a \<'arl,\ iiiiTfasi' 'V \' :!. I'luiii till' Saiil;i Marliara l.i'^lil \w liavi' llii' Inlliiwiii;; lii'.iriii;( iiiili'S. I'l 11.11' Isl.'iiiil. Cnjlcr's jl.irli.ir, San Mi-iii 1 Nl.iii.l S. lU W . ilisluiit :!ii, niilis. , . I'..iiil ('.iiiir|iriiiii l.i::lil'liiiii'.i' S. -11 W.. ili-liiiil ;!T J iiiilrs. ^^1" 'I'lic sci'iiiHJai \ as!iiiiiiiiiiii'.il slalliHi nl' tlic Cnast ami ( icinli'tic .'~^iii'\i'> was mi tlic slii;lii \\^\- jlisl up I run I till' ?ii;:li walci- I i in- at 'lie .Santa Mai lui'.i licaili. ami lliii l\ mic \arils smitli smiiliucsl jy.sSN'.) I'ldiii the inner ciiil III' ll' ..ist w liai I' 1 l^iTI . ll"; uiuuiapliical |iii>ilimi is: l.iiiniil.' .;i -Jl ".'I .1 iinrlli. I."i.i;!l".l.' ll'.i II ■-'•.' .1 «.-.sl. dr. Ill I mil' 7 .'.- ' 1.' ■ ..'. /■.'/»'-i|i;; ili\ isilil(. ; a In I « Inn 11 11 11 nil 11;; Santa ILiiliara ruini I he iileet is da/./liii;;. as ihe li'.:lits luirsi iipmi the eve with sinlileii iiess. I'iili \ (If Siiiitii Hiirhiini. — The avcra;;e tiine ul' liiuh water alter the 111111111'^ nn'rnliaii passage in \ L'l . ,iinl llic lis.' Ill' lilies almxc the a\eia;;e liiNM'i \i)\\ w.iti'i 111 each il.i.v i- rmir ami mic- hall h'i't. 'I'll liiiil 1 In I inns .iml hi'i;:liis nt' t he liij;li ami luw u ateis nl' e n'li ila\ . lii-^l (ilitiin tVmii the I, lilies 111 prcilii'l lull I he 1 lines ami he l;; Ills I'lir .San I )ie^ii. ,iinl then ailil thills Imil iiiiniiti s I'm tlie liliic 111' lil;,'ll water ami sllll ract three telllhs ul' .i liiiil I'm' lis heiirht : till liiw \» ,ili T, athl seM'li niiniltcs, ami I'm the hel;:ht .nhl 1 'le telilh 111 a Inn!. .s.iiitii liinlKiiii IS ,1 liiu 11 111 cuii-'iili'ialile »i/.i' ami is -I'uw mil; r,i|ilill> . ll lies 111 the iniilille nl' ail auiniiitiiral tract nl liiiiiici! Iinaillh, riiniiinu cisl ami west, at the sniillierii li.ise ul the Sieira rnncepcimi. riic cliinate is (lelii;litl'iil. The cnlil, Westell ■ wiinls laiclv leach t his I'.ir with aii> folic, ami. as the tnwn lies in a Inu \,illcy iietweiii the I'diiiitaiii'' ami I .a N'mia, it is ninileiali'l> Well plntectcil llnlil Ihecniil l'n;,'s o| >imnncl. 'llic average leiiip 'l at lire nl' I in- Near is almiit lid Fiilii. ; the averaire ram tall is alimit lilieeii inclns. 'riie ^rmiinl I'miii the wliar\es In the mwii. H»'ail.\ mic inilr ili--l.ini, is Inu ami ll.il, Imt j.;i ailii i!l\ ri-is in the \li.ssinii, which is a \ er.v pinin- lliciit uli|ecl, alimil twn nnhs tinlii the shnie. ami three liilinlreil ami si\ t'cet, ,lt its steps, alnivc the sea. 'I'lils lar;,'e I WD tdweleil liiillillli;: show s w hllc a;.'ailisl thcilaiK lilcKm nllliil. 'l is nlic nl' the hll';L;csl ami liesi pic-ei '. eil est.ililisliiiieiils nl' I he Mini 111 I 'alit'nriiiii. ami in I he ;;aii|eiis at I ached to it the ;;iape ami nllVc Wcle cllllivateil with siicicss. ll was rniimleil I)ei'elir«er I, ITMi. Hcuiil.ir ami Ireipiciit cmiiiiiiiiiicalinn liy •.leaiiicis, sailiii^j \csscls. ami l>,\ sia;:e is maintained with San I'laiic-^cn ami nth 1 pmls. and it is in Iclcuraphic cnmniiiiiic.itMii with San l'"iaiicisc(i Hiid San hii'un. Ill |ssi( the pn]iiil.it imi nl S.inta Ilaihara 'rnwiiship wis .;, IMt. (In the lieai'h at Suit I r>,ii liara the ;;ri'at Kii-tlnjiiid, ir/n'i v. pmp.i^ial e.l limn the cnast nf Chili, hiiM' l.i'i'ii iiliserM'd icccilin;,' and leaving the hcich liniad -r than usual at Inw water and llieii Cniiilli;; in ipille hea\ll\. Ill .Seplenilicr. |s|l:. the li'.c ureal shucks and waves which dcstln\cil the .\li-siiin chiirchrs nl' San . 1 11,111 ( 'api-l I'll.m. and struck tlic iiili;tliil.nits wuli \rr\nv. ll wis i|iii(l.l> r.illKWfd In otlitTs. At two o'cIcm'!. , tliiTiiKHiictfr. «'\|iii>ril I" till' 111, ruse to ciiii' IhiikIiiiI .mil lliiit\ iIiht «lc-ir.s, iiinl (•.nilimn .i !■ (!!■ IK ,ir Mill iH.iul lor ncirl.v llii"i' Imiii >, « liil>I tlir liimiiiu " iml r.iisril ilnisc rlninls nt' J(|i|m, Ititlilc t,iiiil ili. immI. All Im'Icmi!, ilii'Mi-flvo to III. Mr dwil' _ anil iMicliill.x cliiMil (\«i.\ tloui and wiiiclnw. I'lu' tliicU liils. liiiil>. Wcro klllid; lli'f.- well' liliullti-.l : Imit \v.l> hl.lsl.Ml and li'll t" lln' ;.'lnllllil. Iillllli'il iilil.\ iMi siiic, .iiiil ^aidiii-i Were niiiuii. Al livr (I'l-lnck tlir tlirl iiiuiarlfl It'll In uiic liiiiiiin'il aliil In. t"i) ilc';:n'i's, ami at m'\iii it >iciiiil ai scv.in\ ^cmii ilcuifi's. A lisliii man 111 tlic 1 liaiiiirl iilK'ii lioat came liai'K unli lii^ .\\\i\- liailK lilisificil. At till' ciitr.iiit'i' 111 ilic valli'S ul I'll Ti'Mi. near roinl ('niicciici.in. wliiNt (•ii;,'a;,'i'il in 111:1 asticiiKPiiiiral uli>i'r\aiioii». dm 111- .liil\. Anvils', and Sf|iti'inl>i r. Is.'iM, «,• |ic(|Ufiitl\ i'\|irii( at ni;;lit In it l>ia>ts ('.niiniy; dnw 11 iVxin Mic Sicna ('.ini'<'|M'n>n al'ti'i t wo m Iliicc ita\ s ul I'lcai . • Imt «catlii'i. 111!' nnitli wimh aiiiian-iillv liriiifXiiiu llif licalfd an 1111111 tin- \alli'\s lu'lniid the - Till' records >ihiw inaiiv casr.-. wlnii' ^-i irs Middciih ln'cainc >ii \i\\ dill'ii.scd, lar^r, and niis: li\ I lii'sc >Im>i t hot blasts a> lo lir until I'oi hIiscm ation, I'li'vond tlic .iiiiidn aiicc and dc!a\ sioju'd li\ I Ills ci I III 111 stance nil oil ~i 1 \ al lon^ \m ir inadi' to di Iri iniin t lie telli|iel'at lire e. iio( iie.ir >o eli \ atcd a lein|'ei at me i-- 1 h.it sw , i|iin;,' ov ci ."^aiita |!,u! i .llld w.ls i|lllle tit till. Mil II II I 'i, \ iiiiitiiKii.— Ill .I.iniiai \ . 1 N^.'i, I lie III t I 1 1 11 a I in.ii;netn' d''cliiial ion o| lilti'eii di C.lst ]i.l>.>ed ille;:lll,irl> tllloll;;li IlieS.lllta Itai liaia ( ll.llinil. Its ^iclier.il lilleitlon js e.ist !!■■ east, |.,i>>iii.: iii--f ijortli of ."^in Miirn.-l Island 1 > S.mia I'.ailtai.i. and is then di'lli'cied ainii:. • coast to .S.iii r.iuiiavelit ill'.l. " lieii II lakes ,1 iioitliilsl lis e.isl cineetloii. The line inoveH n ' ward I .1 anniiall.v . Ill l.'il'-' Caluillo parsed tills pl.iie tietuitn Ills aiiclM)ia;:es at Sand roinl and near t ■ I'oilil. lie toil lid ;;ri at lillinlM i ^ ol I in I mm s alon^ these shore-., who e. line oil to Ills ships in i Cillloes, and Were ijiiite liieiidl.\ .linl lios|i||ahle. S.iiita r..ii liai.i w .!> Known to some ol the •■.iil\ iiavi;;ato!s as the iload del I'riiicipe. .1 skeleli ol II. emlil.irlliL: loiir liilli'S of tin tsl line, w ,is made ti\ Don .losel 'I'oli ,r \ Tam.i, I7>i(>.* 'I'lie line ol soiiiidinus oiit>ide the Uel|> l;iie or •• Vei lia li.il" is se\cii iaIhoiiiN. \ I r.ilicheria existed three miles e.i.-l of .Santa I'.ailiaia and another near the |iieseiil site of the ! The jiolllts to 'lie w e>I WMI d Well- 1*11111.1 de Ne\e I'olllt lasllllo ol l'l|l|ie, I'lllit.l de M.il i.Saiita I'laili.ira roiiit'. and I'linl.i ■. .S.m l^n.ilio. near the li;:lii house. In 17!'.! Vancouver visited ihe place .llld oliser\ed the latitude a.s .11 ' '_' I noiih. Till ('iiii.\t I. nil /nun .s.oiM lUiihmit l.iiiht tn I'mnt Ciiiirepriiiii I ii/lil. — This iieailv s|i line ot III. 1st iiiiis west li\ south to! thitlvsrveii and I hree ipiartei's miles. liehind .s^.ilil.l r.,lll»ar.l liie Snirn ('miii fi. nm atl.lins it-, greatest elex.ltlon of llil'ee llioi ei;;lit hiiiidied and tweiii\ three leei wiihiii loiir and one li.ilf miles iif the se,i. The llank i>: I aiit,'e IS hell' dee]ils scaiied li\ ' I', iiies aiid tiullii's. a lid sparsidy coveiid wiih ti.iilier, Im' lolliii;; |o;il hills ale Will I'oveii d. I'loiii somi. i.f I he i.;\ Hies .lui) i;iir;ies Issue inaii\ small si|. roiiiierlv aliomidiii^ with trout, from others issue w.iiin spiiii;;s h.i\in;;a lemperaliiie ol .i 117 l''alir. and lil;.'hl.\ impre;.'liated with sulphilletted IimIio^iIi. The lieij.'ht ol the spiiii, liaiiimellie Illi'.lsuii liieiit is .iliolll one thousand two hlllidled leet. Ihev lie tiehind the \lll i. Monteeiio, three iiiilcs to the eastward ol .Sjiiia Hailiaia. I'lie old eo.isl load to .s^.m l''ranilseo passes aloli;^ the shoie tor a dlst.inee ol' lil'leeli or t \\ . miles III I he ( i i\ lola r.lss ; t heiiee 111 1.1 lid to the .'^.llll.l N III .' \ .ll le\ , W h leli I'llli s ne.l 1 1 \ pi with the coast oil the ninth li.ise III the .Sleir.i ('oU'Cpclon. the new eua't 111. id le.l\es lln . aliiiKt ei;:ht miles west ii|' .Saiita t'l.iiliar.t and pa.s.scs over Ihe iiioiinlaiiis at an ideviktion oi llioils.iii.l ti\ e hillnll I'd tcet . Snlidiur iii l,ii;;e beds, and of siipeiior ipl.dity. tAJst.s alolitt Ihe se.ilioaid and m.inilcsls ill all the warm spring's. The 1 ll;.'lJed hills weslw.ild III the (ia\ lota I'.iss come close to the shiire. roleiii;,' lliell.l- to leave Ihe lieacli (or llieir .se.t slope, the ii'.ul passiii;: over steep ridges and iK'ioss sharp v.il 'i'lie s.llidsttilie terraces (if the immediate Viellillv ale altoiit ei;;hl\ feet hl;4ll.il Iheli.i I'iis.s and dip at an an^ile of foils de;;i s int. ■ the se a. Im luin;,' ,i hiilw.iikol n.iliii.il m.is a;,Minst fill Iher eliei'oael Ilts. Tills ele\ .Ited lell.lie ciintiiiili-s lliim S lUl.l li.ll ll ir.l !o I'ollil I •rillillsllnl hj |l;ih\llil.lr III i;-'.l. i'Acii-i(' coAsr iii.or. .;;{ fcoiH'iiiii, iiltliiMi,'li it is t'ori'cil ImrK from the iiniin'iliMic -Ihui' line in niii' iir t wn pLiccs, In tliis '«lj>lan(t' il IS (III li\ iiuiin'ri'iis airovos ninnin;; cluu II Irmii iIm' iii(iiiiil.nii>. 'I'lii'ic is only one pass lirtwtTii tlir liivcr riin'n.ivrntiii'ii and I'liint ( 'ciiiicpi'iiin. ainl llial i> tin- ( ia\ iota, wliirli ,tt its - Miiiiiui! at Santa ('in/ is scmii lininliril feci alio\c ihr ncian. *' 'I'd the wi'stw.iiil of Santa ISarliaia art' scMial •• laniliii;:s," whcir |iiiiilin'r is sliippcil liy nKMiis of liulitiTs aiii'lii'itil lint >iil(' llii' sint'. Soinr of llitiii lia\f siibstiiiti.il uliaiAcs, at wliiili till' coastllit.' siraiiii'is ri ciiNc ami drltv '■ fli'i;;lit. (liilitit I'liint.' — Till' liist III tlii'sc iainliii;rs is ilif (I'.lcla. soimtinirs lorallv known as Moir's J.aiicliii;:. it is niiili'i- (ioii'la I'oint. wliicii forms tin' ucstctn snli' of a lnjilit near the mtraiict' to (Jolcia {''.sti'io. 'I'lii' poinl is .sondi ti;;lil\ ili';;nis wot i S. so W ,5. ilisiant mx milis froin tin' ' tSaiila Hail'aia l,ii:lit house, on the same lie.iiinu as the I'oinl ( 'oiiee|M'iciii i.i^lit. I'.etweeli thest' /two li;;hts il ast is lii;:li. exei'pt for three or loin miles east .mil west ol ( iolet.i I'oint. wliere •n series ot' l.i^oons ami low laihls stieteli liaek over two miles. From the extii'inily of I'oint (loleia, w hii'h is a iiu'sa tliirl\ feet liiuh. the low elilV slime :ins noitliw.inl three i|uarteis of a , mile to I he low sain I spit, whnh stielehes Ihelne to I he east w .nil lor .ilioilt one mile to a;,Mlll meet ■ the low liliitV riimiin;: towanls Santa I'.arliara with inere.isin;; lii'i;,'lit. Tiie cut ranee to theestero .isalionl twothinlsof a mile ainii;; the saml spit after leaving; I'elieaii liliilV. iiiil the lanilin;; was fiU'nierl> at this point. Uiit four and one hall miles west from the iHaiila ilarliar.i I.i^ht iioiise. lleie a wharf six hundred feet loii;^ lias heeii hiiilt out to ten feet at -*'low water, and .it whnh the steamers l.nid to neeive and delivtr theii fiei;,'lii. This is tlii' ship- ''liiiij; plaeo for the \ast ipi.inlilies of asph.dtiim foiiiid in the \ ;einiiy. Iliillleili.itely under the east side III' ( loleta I'oint tlieie is ,i sl:;.;hl lileaUili t he shore Kelplield. yTlieiiee to the eastward to w it hi ii two miles ot' Santa r.aihara l.i;,'ht the lield is hiciad and eompaet, ., with ti\ e to six tal lioiiis thionL;lioiii it and no Know i; danL:ei s. (>iitsideo| ji i he dejiih ineri-ase.s Vti) t Willi \ latiioihs at one and a hall' miles oil the shore of the lil;;hl, w itii a liottoiii of soft ;;ieeli 55linid. (HVCmlcta i'liint the depth o| water i-* eiulit fathonis ilose in anion;; the kelp : to the west- jwaid the kelp lield is nnlitoken p. 1st Coal Oil I'oint and :iM' miles liexoiid. it is ilose inshore at .^fj'tlie I'liint. with ei;;lil to tell latlioiiis on its outer eil;:e, and iiiereases in linadlh to neaiiy a mile, 'SVheie there is a leil;;e i desei died iimler the head of the Stni'ii IliDhiim ('/hiiiinli. S I'roiii I'oint (lolet.i to rmiit ( 'oiieeiieion i.iuhl the list.iiae is tliirtv oiie and two thirds miles J ■'t I . #»aiiil the lu'arin;: south i iL;h!\ iie;;iees west (S. ,stl \\ . . ^|. (iidl Oil I'liint. Two miles w iM li\ suiilh W. Ii\ S. ) t'lom (ioleta I'liiiii is anolliei low mesa &"''"'• '^i'"Wli to the sailin;,' masters Ky thealiove nine, lietweeii il and ( inlela I'liint the short'- J^ille Is iieai l> sti.ii^lit: to the w est W aid il letle.its toiioitjiwesl li\ west N\\'.li\ W. lor two or i^liree miie.s. w hell- I he low hlnlt lieeomes hl;;liel . I nilin d i.iti l,\ luliind the point is a l.ir;:e la;;oon Hill loiiiided li\ nii'sa land, w liieli is iVitiii one and a h. df to I wo miles luo.id. Iniinedialel.N oil the ,^Hiiiit the kelp IS a narrow, eompaet Held, w illi ei;^ht l.ithonis on its outer edue and Iwents f.ilholiis Snithin a mi'e fioin shoie, o\ei a lioiiomof line i^ia\ s.ind and L^ieeii nnid. The oiieliiindied ' Tallioiii line ,ipp roar lies 1 'o,d Oil roiiil eloser than at any uhiee liet ween I'niiil 1 Iiuneiiie and I'liint <'()iu e|ieion : it isonl\ ihne miles troiii shore, w iih a liotlmn ot' sot'l ;,'reen mud. 'I'he t w o hnndied- fatlmin hue IS onl\ t liiee ami a li.ill' miles ,ilV shore, o\ er \\\r same eh.ii.ietei of liotlom; and, in fa- the three liillidied l.lthoiii liasin of the ehaniiel heads low.irds this low l.ind. ill the ihannel alneast of ( 'oal Oil I'oinl I he smell of jiet 1 oleum is almost o\ ei powei 1111: for a tlile or two oil' shore, .ilid It pelie'iales e\ eiy li.il t of a vessel. It eo\ el s the w ,iler with all 1 rides- I'lit pelUele, and Is |p|.iinly visjlde e\en in niooiili;:lii. A sieamerwill iiiii iliioii.:li this eo.doil v|lliiiosp|ii>re ill ahoiit ten miiiiites. in Oetolier. l.'ilL'. Calirilio aiielioreil in tlie lii;;lit alioiit two and a h.ilf m three miles wes|\\aid lipf < I'.d ' )il I'oint, wliere Coopei's Laiidiii;; now is. *^ Next ill order are several small laiiiiiuy;s without w hai \ es. w In re piodme has lieeii siiip|ied -\ty means of lirhlers and hoats. ('iiiiji,r\ l,iiii<>.s ritililtis l.iiiiilniii is twelxf .iiid one hall nulls iiom S.nila I'.ailiaia l.i;,dit and two .-ind one half miles west waul ot' Cooper's l.andiiiL;. at I lie eastern limil ot the Ion:.; lield of kelp si * I Ills liii.s limi |iiT\ iiiii- Uiiiirt II 111 I lie I •.i.i>i Sill \ I'j- \MiiU a^ I'f nil I'l 11. an. I 'ii an ullii i.il iiia|i nl tin- Ivan. Ii"» f Caliliinna il isralliil I'liiiit S.iIIikis. Ii !■. n.iiunl rrniii llii' I k 1 el ,1 »< Ihkhut liaMiij; been tmill in llie I.i^hmm •"ill II, >. ii-f I II' I'm I- I 111- I iiiiiiti) wa-. traiisri-in-il In tin I niii-il Siali's. ■i -Il f ■ H 1 !^ tU r\c iric i iiA'^ I I'll 111'. Ih'IM !■ Ill S.illl.l I'.. nil, DM. Till' Tdliiniiix /,(»i/i;i> li.is ,illiMil\ In. .sciiln'il. Till' >.iiiiNliiiii' rliir> ,111' iiliiiiil t'i;.'liu li'fl aliiiM' llic M'.i, .iiiii iliji al an aii;:lr 111 »lf;;iri> 'iiw.inU llir w.iti r. 'Ilir rlil)> lui'siiil a li'ir.iri- liUr Miilai T limn mmu .ml, willi a pfrnl III I ;; lit .iliij >i Ill I liiiiil. iiw iii^ 111 I III' I lllr 111 si I all 111 .11 11 111 liriiiu' |iii".iilil w ll li I la' ni.isl line. liiihxaiU III ii.ilnial iimsnnn is rut IIiiiiiil;Ii Ii.\ at ion ii'». tin- l.iii;i'sl nl « liicli i> al llir ' i.i\ Ini.i i Tills )jas> is till' liinlltli 111 a raiinll rilllllli; llil'iill^'ll llir ."s|rl la ( 'nlli rlirinll In llli- S. lilt, I \ In li'\ , u lilili lies .1 111 11 It I I'll null's til I 111' liiiilli«.iiil .11 111 1 1,1 1. 1 III' I \v illi till' i.iiil;!'. Tlic laiiillii;; Is at t lir iih'iiIIi ul llir ti.ivnita I'a.ss, t \mmiI \ si\ niiirs In the west w an! i»f .'< ; Marl I.I I a l.i;:lit ami twilx r ami mn' lliinl in i Irs nr.ii l\ iim iliia--i i M!, i nl I'niiiM nnrriirnin I It lias ;i Mlli>taii:i,ll \nIi,III nnr Illnil-ainl Irrl lull;;. Iiaill mil In >l\Irill li'il .It |ll^^ W.lli'l. nlllrl mil nl I lir \\ li.ii I l> ilisiilr I lie Itilirl nl-i- nl lllr l^rl|l iM'lil. \ rssrl> riiinill;; In tins W li.ii ' infill alraiiliil li\ 1 llLlliI slni«li iVnin llir w .ilrlmiisr nil llir nllirr mil. 'I'lirv |i.|ss lliioil:; ki'lp mill ,iml int.i ill. II u.itti iii>|ilr. \\ lull a|'li|n,lrlilliu at iiil;1iI I lir l\rl|i r.ili lir Irailll I in;:ilislli i| li\ llrC Sllinnllirr ^llll,lir, «iilill 1-. 1 1 1 i| lim I 1 \ mil llltlnl ,|Mil liri',:lll III nillnli' Slrailirls Mill ,llnll;: the West >liir nl lllr s\ li,ll I .lllil lirail llnllll li\ \M"«t N. Ii\ W i wlirll \\ \ . II. Tlirlr IS ;."rlii I ,lll\ a >lri>li;.' VVIIhI llnin slimr, .l|i|iai r n! 1\ ill, lU III- IIiUHIuIi llir jia^s, rVrli tlh'I'r is nil Wiml rUrwIirlf. In .l|i|ilnai llill.;.' tin' l.imlinj;, vrs^rls Invr jjir I'mlll ( 'nlli'r|icinli I . wlu'li niir inilr nilt^iilr, lull ,il llial ili-laiiro llir lir,;:lil lililiVs r.iii lir in,iilr mil. Mmiiil • i.iv i.it.i Is thr limitall Illf inaUiii^tlir lamliii;;. Ii is tlit> l;i;;lir»l peak rast nl I < 'ii|irr|H'lii|i, ami tlir ll>r i-.\rr.\ ili,ilkiil riniii llir|i,i.>N. .Miuiil lliirr nillrs \M -.f nl' the pa- • llirir praUs in ;llr InVMT r,in;;r 111 llir liliill!it,llll>, "lilill .lie il-i'ij a> appi n.lrliiii;; liiaik^ 1' ,s|i-aincr raptiin^. da villi a 1- nnr nl llir sliippili;.' piillils nl tlir ."saill.t \ lir,' \ .lllr\ a III) lllr Slliallrl \ ,tllr\ s. I t tall 1 1 l> 1 1 nnr li\ --trainrrs. ami lin S.llllli;; \ rssil- mnir linr r\ . It Is nr\ rl Inn Iiill,:li Im siraimi ^ In ill,-.i||,il;4r .iml In.nl. .\ l.ll ^r aninlllit III iillil nthrr plnilllrr i> slilppril tViilll tills lailillll^'. \ rs«r|s sjliilllil nut .111. Iml lirai tlir (l.ivinl.l I'a-s iinarinlllit nl tlir pri\ I llllli: lll^ll \> t'inlii lllr liiiltll«aii| ami wrstwilii wlinli surrp lliriill;.'li it. 'I'lirlr is -..C.;! aili'linlaur tlirrr ' In llir r.lstWiilil nf tlir ]ias> limlri llir lil^t sli;:lil piillll. |ll»t Ilisiilr llir mitrl ril;;r nf tin \v Inir SI \ m t.ll linliis iii,i\ lir ||,ii| oMI l.iir :^Ia.\ s,iml. \\ I liis plarr t lir Urlp l'^ sninrw li,lt In. Tlir appln,irll In tlir sli,,|r li\ Irail Is lc;,'lll.ir. Tlir llillt\ tltlmlll lllir Is tlnlii .1 lilllr In a llllli .1 Illll nil slmlr nVrl a linttiiin nl' liin ;.'|.iy saml. iml llir tnrl.\ l.lllinln lilir Irnlii twn |i> tWn i ll.lll nillrs iiM'l linr ;:! ,|\ s;iiiil.ini| iiHiil. iidis (it Ii, III, ,1,1 l.iuiiliii'i. — Tlir ( niiritril I'.st.ililisli airiil , nr a\fra;;r tiiiii' of Iiiuli wain . I lir limnn's Iiirl iiliaii passu;; r. Is I \ I'll , Mill I till- .i\ t'l.l^;r I isr nl tlir tlili' aliii\ f I lir Inr.iii Inw i' Watl'ls nf r.lill i|a\ Is Iniir ,111,1 iijiir tilitlls Int. Tn liinl ilir tiiiirs ami iiri;:lils nf ra.'li lii;;li ami Inw wattT I hrmi;:linin tlir vrai', takr llir I ami ltri;,'lils I'nr the ;.'i\i'ii liilrs I'lir Sin I »ii.;.'n rinin t In- iinniial tnlr t.iMrs nf the Cn, isi .siii\ .-v tnr tlir Illlir III' lll;:ll «.ltrr aiM s|\t|,|.|| niiniltrs, ami Inr tlir lirl;;lit snlircnt I'niir truths nt ,1 In! liiu w.llrl aiM tlllltrrll Inilllltrs, ,inil |n| |||r liri;;lil sulilf.lrt IVVii trIllliH nl a Innt. Tlir aili'liiil.i;;r nil tlir (Javinl.i is ,rll,iilil\ tlir rnritiiilr las .Sartlinasdl' r.iliillln. I,'ilJ. fills Inrality \'i/i'aiiiii, ItliiL'. Inrairs "a l,ii ui' I ml I. in tnu n," ( l,i\ mla ,iiiilmr,i;;r w.is n.iinnl I' I'nllnla I'Xprilll lull. III i Tli','. 1..1 (i.llilnl.l. <,,li-,,,'ii I', Ilk. — i'liis pr.ik. Ill llir rirst linr nf llirrli.lili ii| tlir ,'-i|rll.l ( 'niii'rpi'lnll n| ,-- ^ lit'/ Mniinlains. is Iwn ami nnr lialf miles iimtli iiiiirti'm ilenrrrs east ( N. I'.t |',.i I'lniii llir i till- ^\ liai f a I llir n mil III nf tlir < i,i\ int.i Pass, ami alt. 1 1 lis an ele\ at mil nf twn 1 1 im ism ml Inn: illril ami tifl,\ sevrli fret. It Is in lallll|ile ,;i .'ill' 00". 7 linltll. ainl |n|i;;ill"lr IL'H II .">,S '.II It is the lamllall Im inaUinu tlir lia\'iiit,i l.amlin^'. m KL rii\ii AM imiiAi.K. f)iie ami a half miles rasi unit lira st l'",NI';,l llnlil I'mnt l 'nnrrprinn l.l;4llt linilse is the ail' aye of I':M 'n\ii. ntV thr \allr\ nl thr s.iiiir name. It IS lliiil\ si\ ,iiii| a ipi.il lei iniirs ll'nii S.lllla I'.irlial,! 1,1;: lit, I >lir mile siiiilh r|;;|il \ tun i|r,.;rrrs r.ls| (,s». .S'_' ■• \'..) t'liilii I'm III ( 'nlirr; ', Sill llllli, .\li"lll.| lui-.iliili^; li;i,< 111! II :ls.,l^Niil 111 H - :i lot i,i'il I .r, ; mill iu'liri, u iinl.li .il lipl k 111 ! lir luiilllil , ^^JMJ -/_ . p. Hill ( i'liii')iti.>ii l.iylil-luiiiHiv \\ , J .-i , |','< iimIhii. ■ irl. '-•ra T ~ ' I i llMWilll I ■ I - • K TT -- t Dim I'tJiiii. I mi) Aiiehoragt. I'M lit ('lilirt|llMlll. W. J S, (> lluIlN". '"'->C*r^ j^pp,':.-—' -.-y;--X..?f"SiftT-t- (■.111. I'.inil I'oilit Com-fpti"" l.i){lit liiHi«', W.tiy N. i N.,lii iiiilnii. Coxii Am horiigi Uichorajff. -Z'^Ju^ ' '' ' '••> "^ TJ*' J ~T ■•' - If S3'I3I!5t"' S'^T-'ynTrw- '^-'*-^. ■-<°.■ Coin All! hnnigiv "'i^'s^i'^'' < " rfyr?:T.rtrr f * . . - , ^ ^^^ i ^ir^-xr^ Triii!(|inll(u. Momiiaiii, ■-M;i(i fert. T I i I.' ^i^^"^''' ''"li Point Coaeeption Llght-boo«e, Q<:venineDt I'uint, NW.byW.|W..5ailM. W t fJ^..^" 'gy ' - ' ?lt.rJLsyj ? !5J *'' .*ii? T ^^^ ii w^ jp i i ^ iii w i |; i iy^ hHi.tn Kcsii UhimI. >r.. I K . ;C iihIc ->*. ^fffo- ^^^-r" A ^ \nt, ( lilii .\ln'lii>l»ni' .;tfK i. '•*■ I'l' lit C'li. t I'll 1 i^llt iioiMr f*ar"- ^all Ml)-!.. I Idlllli.l, >■►. Iij X Vl'linlr i? '!■ H I I 4 I'Aciiic covsr I'lLoT. '!5 LijJtlit is II low rofky imiiit known as (iovcriirniMi ruiiit, only twc^nty ft-ct iiliovc tin; sea, iilllioii;,'li riwiii;,' slowly inland, and llirci' qnailiTs of a mile noiihiMst liy inntli i NK. l>y N.) from tlii.s jioint IS tlu' aiu'lioiiim' of 111 ('o\o. Tin' ;:ii'al licll of kclji wliicli hast'ontinncd almost unintfi'riiplcdlN' from Santa liarhnra (leases iit Kl('o\o, and the smlden elianj^e of tin' sliore line towards the sontli \'iaia. wilii the k» Ij) iinnii less compaet. We tiisl latided upon the beach of this cove in l.S."i(>, and for inuic th.iii tliivti months ui'ie eneamped in the vaile\ ol' tin' same mum' opening npon tlie aiieho!a;,'e. \'es- sel.s (roiuin^t fiom the nm I liwest ward pass I'oiiit, ( 'oneepcioM at a distam-e of aliont three ipiailefs of a mile, tioMi ran i-ast by north, and ^.'ladnally lonnd the hiw lilnlV {< iovernment I'oin! i one mile distant, fioi.i tiu'eajie, niviiii; it a lieitli of halt' a mile; then run on a inn-tli iioi I lieast eonise for tlirce<(liarteis iif a mile, when tin' v.illey will open, with a sand heaeh olV it. On the west will he nn>(leiatel> iii^;ii lilniVs, ent !>> tuo small aifoyos, ^\nehoi cmiside or inside the kilp. aeeordin;; to the choiee (if depth, live falhmns liein;; ulitaiin'd wit liin a ipiarter of a mile of the shore, with hard, Siiiuly liotlmn. 'i'en tathotns wati'f will lie found half a mile iV'Mii shore. About one and a thinl miles eastwardly of the Coxo is the anehora;,'!' of the old Coxo,* otf till) nmnth of a small stream, w'n-re there was (KS.STi ii whalin;,' station. The ain'liora;^!' is open, but it is represented thai the sit 1 1' does not break so heavily on tin' beach, because a reef stictehes outward from euh point of the eo\e and towards the middle liin' of the entrance. 'I'liese snnill ret'fs break the fall Con, "•' the \\estiin swell. Tiio iiriinaiy astKniomical station of the Coa.st and (ieodetic Survey (I.s,")()j was at I'.M'oxo, on tli« top of the bliitf, one hiiinlred and li^i feet above the sea, and between two hnmlred and fifty and thii'c hundred yanls west half .south (W. .US,) from the month of the cicidi. lbs i;eo- t;riii)liiciil position is as follows: l.aiiuuii' :ii -' I'- .: Moiiii. l.OllKillHll' I'J" -I' •'" .'■ Wisl. Or. intiriio -' "1 I'' 1 Th« niat,'nctit! variation was l.">'' tl.s' east in .January, 1^S,">, with a yeiily increase of I'.ii. A liydroLjrMphic sketch of the aiiehora^ce was lirst issued from the Coast Survey < )lliec in l>!."il.'. SiiK'o then tlie location is sii licienily shown on the .Santa liarbara Channel .Sheet (d' !" \iciiiit\ i^ i|nite bitter, but in the mountains, when- the HtrOiim.s pass over the j;ianitc, the water 's ^ood. Forrelo s,i>s "thes called this harbor of ( ialeia t de Todos Santos," and C.ibrillo iinchoreil here Nov ember J.l.'i IL.'. There w.i^^ a vei \ lar;;i i' it ' ■ nine called \i\ ' In pas.siiiu th'valleyof I'A Coxo, in 17'.'.'!, N'ain'onvrr --.iw ii Im' \ ; la-c, the inlnior iu.s of wiiich made si;;ns fiu- hiin to land. J'lie last canoe of the Indian- . lus \ iciiiity was m 'ideiil- iiU}' (lostroyed by onr I'.iily in 1S.">II, I'oiNT coNi'l'.l'cittN. Tills characteristic and remarkaiilc headl.md, about two hundred and twenty feet in In .„'lit, lii'M on the north side uf the western entrance to the ."iice seen, it will ne\ cr be toiuotteii. When mad- uom the north- ward (U" from the eist w,i id it rises as a small island, but upon approach it is found to be a hiuh priMiioiitory, stretch in;,' boldly into the ocean and tciniinalini; abrupt ly. The land bilijnd it sinks eoin|mriitively low and then uradnally, but soon lapidls, rises to the inonnlains, v\ !. ■ h tin an elevatiiMi of about two thousand tlvc hnndrcd Icct. within tliiee and a half miles ,'oint, Ihiith of tlir ST. /)(lM(/cr«.— Thr w.il.T KlV tins lic;lill.lliii >'f r>>inl ('(>M<-.'|irioii is Imld. 'I'lic iiiil\ liii| ii':i|.'i 111.' iM,.c ,iM' .1 l'n;i, ro. A. iiiMilv ilwaNli. I>«I with li .111.1 I tln'd .Minis stmt li «>r iIh'LiituI tin' r.i|ir. mi « Inrli s<)iiu> of the Calitin ma Htraiinis li.i\r • vt-ry I'l'^try wcailnT. ImI..!,- tln' iilacnii; ui a !'ii;i si;;nni licn'. and a >"'l. "itli ilurc lii i . ' iilMin it li'iir truths ol' a imli' \m'>I nintliwfst i \\ N \V. i rimn tlif lii;lil Ii.him' ami mih' .|iiii; mill' iilV tlii» wcstcin slmif. A |'at
  • is laid dxwii alxml it. It is niic IuiikIk.I >arils diy a \isiliU' nn-k. wliii'h is I'lj^lily 1>,\ twi-iv yards in < \liMif. Sniniiliiiiis nniuii'l l'-)ii, ini.iii. — iiir tlmr latlinm i iiivr lcill(iu> llic -.Ihiir Iihim:. alMMil iiiu' lil'lli i>r a iiiilf di>laiit ; llii- tfii tatliinn vwvw is li.ilf a inili- oil. alnr ist ihr lii ■ siiiiki'ii riH'k aliiiNf iMfiitidin'd. and Ki'f|)s tins disiaiuT '|iiiti' rcunl.irl.v I'm smiir srxci U-. rmiit .\r;:il»'llii. w 111 M tin' distaiiri' isiuMiK t Ini'i- >|ii illfl^ .■ |)mnl. N rsst Is tVi'Mi r lit' nnriliwi'st waiii, illi T iiMindiii:; rmiit .\i ^'uilln and a|i|iiii.ii inn;; !'.■ • «'i'pt i.ini:riit tn Ilic Cain', iir.ii! saiin- sliape. and li.i\ inv' tlie >aiiit' liii;;lil almv r tin- Intii/mi. Santa l.'ioa and San Mi;;iiii - luiij;, liiw Islands rurllitr to tlir smith and «isi. '11 If ki If) IS iiiiiderati'ly tlmk all aloii;: Ihf sh mr Iliiiii'. Till' imltiiiii iii>iile the tell tallit>iii eiir\«' is vaiieil 111 elia. aetti . sandy, rt>fky. uiavell\,i ;. twei II ten and Ilnit\ l.illimiis, niii-ll\ line ;;r,iy sand, wiili mek in a lew spets; miiside !.| lathmii^. Inie ;;ra\ saiiil, iieiasimiall\ iiii\etl u it h nnnl ; .iiitsnlr ut' I w n liiindieil l.il I is it i^, im aria 111 \ ;:ra_\ innd. althmi;,'!! In tiie iiuri hw.iid nl I'm lit < iiiiii iiiimi it is iMiasiun.ill\ hum lilaek sand and It >s lieijueiilly witii -ia\t 1. htipsin Siiiniilin west li\ siiiilh t'rmii I'nint CiMicepcimi. 'rinse .iic talnilatetl mi pa;;e le I. A tiipii;:l.l|diical sketell tif the piillit afemnpallles the Sllpel inteliilelit's lipiilt nl' tin and < Miidi tie SniNcy ftir IS.'iI, and a detailed ^iii\e\ nl' it w .i- maile in Isii'.'. The Santa I. (Iiaitiiil sheet nf I Ss;,' exliihits the pmnt .md the iiimintain-. Iielninl I '^ I Iiill I ll(il':-K Al IM.IN I I (iMll'i Ii't. The l>lllldin;.'s and the ll;:hl « ele Inr III an \ \ ears npnll I he lil;;liest pa) t 111' the I Mpe, \» ■ twii hiiiidii'il anil tvM-nts teel almve the sea, and iii\ered with ^'i.iss and liiislie>, like the I llinil : lint the ■siliainK til the i ape liejp;,' riciilli litis t tiviiitl u ith fn;:. w hlle tin- Iiivser pal I . HI- part la 11 \ eleai, the li^'liI hmi^i-. w nh ulhei Iniiiilin^s, has In . n h.e.iled mi iln- piii h ut tl,. W liile the nltl liilildin;,'s mi I III* sil illlllll I final II I here as ;:iiiiil tla\ liiai ks. The ll;.'lit iiiiiive i< liiid! mi the smtllieast |>ait nt the pmnt \tlllilii tliillN tliM-e \aiil slliilf, till ,1 s|i;,'|it liiiii li III the I'M k. and as sfin Irmn the -n itli will appear pinieeted a;;aii shiplll;.' laee tif the eape. It is tnie llllllilri I late III' tin The Inilldin^'s fur the steam liiL' whistle ale mi the Stinllivt S\V pitt h ul' the cape. The lii^li; mnisf ^; I III in If tniisi^i - ni a hiw . Inm* n ' •■.\ er uf ;,'ii it inassix eiiess. i imii;; i aiiil aliiive a liiw , lirnw n I 111 lid in;;. The ill line III the laiili i ii is painted I til. I »iii iii„' the reiiiiiv al tif the li;;lil In lis iif w piisif itai, ,1 liiiipmiiy li.lit til tin- rmiitli mil' sliiiw ;i 1 1 mil I he I lid Inw ei linin \\,i\ 'J.'i In .Iiine 'jn, 1 ss'J, and t he li j lit in t he ne\» pn^itimi w exliiliiltd mi .liiiie L'n. It is a /" i^nicy sm < n.isf /i'i;/i^ emisistiii;; ii| an illnnnnat iii_' apjiai.i the Hist mder nl'the ss>lein nl' I'lesiiel, and e\liiliits Irmu siiiisfi In >niiiise a c ti./i/h./ irtnt. nhiiiriini II Ifii.ilt ri'iri/ Ihirtji »>n/(//s. The rate nl levnlntimi iii.i\ \.ii\ sli;^lill\ nn aiemiiit etilitlltlnii 111 the liiai'hiliery. • >ii the •JCplh nl M.iii h, |S7.'i, we iiliM-iVed the liaie In he twii ' ami a i| II. II III si'eiiiii!>, nf \\ Imh the leli;,'th nl the tntal eellp.se was elexeii .sfi'iii i|s, the pal ti.i t wii seeiinds, t In- In |._'hi (|a>h si-v m Nfcniid-., and Ihf p.ii I lal li^lit I wn -lemiiN, In Mffeinliii, Issl, we Iniiinl the tliir.iMnn nl the ll ish siMm s, ,nd> ami the iliii.n (•(•lipsf, III nliseiiratimi, nineteen seenmls. Will 1 1 w II Inn si\ nr >i'M'Ii nnles itf the li^rht it 'I'" whiillx disappear. The an- nl \i^iliilit\ extends limn iinrtli twentv ei iil di';^rees \\e>t N ' armiml li\ west, smith, and east, in nm I h fnrl.N ile;,'rees east , S. in I . i. Item;; limited mi l> niikr);ill nf till- lillllt III either dlti't'timi. Tliti li.i.se nl the Inwer IH l.ilietVHiX feet alxtM' tin w •' iinlv liiililiii I tllli'c ;lli.l I iMIiirl •* li.n !• ■■ 111 lllli'i' lict . ' ' aiiil mil' cjiia; I'lIC lllllllllr.l ■^ll'ilT lllir ri.i . lll|.^^^t till' tj :■ . I' si'\ I'll null N Iwiiity t:illM^ Mi> miles ,ii : I,. |iril.lclll!l;; i '...; • I' < '.11"'. II''. H I > -: I >MII \|l;,'l|ii IIIHlllr III,' Irii : 'f it iiiiclii'-, ;.. I»\. ^IM\('I1\ . . t, . 't-- ; uiii ^|(||. i,| II l.ll llCIIIIS ll l-N I iM>H>ll.ll!\ lliix, n I'Tlv III rnt\ ■ ■ ?'I-|K)|I 111' Il|( I TIk' S.iiii.i I; , 111' I III' IM)1C, M ', Im'-. Ill,,' lllr I- 111' llMMT p.llt ; till' plllll III ll,. 'y thii'i' \imN |>|iiH'Cli'i| ;i;;.i|i ii-.>'t r.ici' ()(■ III. till' CUIH'. flH'SH, lisltl;; till' roiiilli urij. IM\ |IU^ltlclll \\ iiiiiliii;; a|i|).ii.t rrrtilrimi irhii- \\ o'l ai'i'iMiiii ■ III' III 111' t U I!:' l.ll.S, till' jl.ll III ami llii- ilin.ii till- li^'lil it ll". I'l'i « |.>i i \ ' : liiiiiN'ij iiiil\ ll'l't allllVI- lllr PACII'K,' COAST riKOT. 67 level of lilt' st'a, and tin' lni.L;lit of tin- IimmI [ihiiu' of tin' li;ilit is uiii' liiiiulrcil ailil t liilty li\ r IV-ct abovo tlu' .-H'a. It .slioiilil In- s isihli' in a r.uiir.ilili' .si.iic nl' thi' Mliiiusfilicrr I'lniii a lieinlit of — 10 f>r( aliovr 111!' wa, .'It a iliiliiliir iil" It'i.-'i miles. '.'II I'll I iilioM' till' Ni'ii, at a ilislani'o III' I'-.il inili's. :'.0 fr"t aliiix I' llin si*a, at a ili>;iii'tii' vaiialioii was l."» 10' rast in Jaiiiiaiy, l."<>r), ami tin- yi'arly iiicrrasc is I'.U. Till' lillil(lili;i's of till' liL;lil lioiiM'. I'oj,' sitCliitls, i'ii;i| lioii'^i', I'tc, ;;i\i> tin' f'aci' of tin' rajii' tin' iip{M'iiraiii'i' of a small \ illa;;i'. It sliiitilil 111' iioti'il thai in till' " l,i;;lils ami 'I'ulcs of tlii' \\ oilil " (liy .lames Itiiia\ i!v: .Sons. riOiidon, l'>>i-'), till' olil li-lii is ili'sct iliril on i>.il;i' I'.'S. In t lir •• l.iuliilloiisi's of ihr WorM" ( Fiinl- iuy, London, l.ssij, tin' oM lij,'lit is ili'sciilu'd, iia^,'i' I'.'s. I'oiiwiii.sTi.i', Ai' roiN'T roM r.pcioN. The fo;;l)i'll al Point Cotici'iicion was disi-oiitiiiiicd on the I'tiili of Si'iiti'mhi-r, ISTl!,* and since ttUMl a t wi'lvi' iticli sti'ani lo^; wliistli' lias lu'i'ii in o|n'i'alion diii'iii;; tJiirk ami I'o;^';,'^ w ratlni', da.\ Sllld llJKlit. It is sontnli'd t'\ i'l',\ tiiiniiti' ; tlir diliation of I hi' lila,-.t is , /(//i/ .so i./d/.v, and tin- iniri'x al lu'twct'ii tlm blasts Is /i7V// /to sirdinls. 'I'ln'rc ai'i' dii|ilirali' wliisth's and i'ii;;iiit's, whii'li arc placed ill two small uhilc iiaintcd wooden l)tiildiii;,'s on a sliirht lil.iteaii at the siintliwest (litcli of the Ciipc, where the y;roiitid is iilioiit si\iy feet above the sea level. 'I'hev lie nitietyti\ c yaids west b\' HOUtli (\\'.li.\ S.l ti'oni the lie;lit,ainl only sixty-one yai'ils t'loiii the evtietne poitit of the capi'. The ♦wo black iion smoke stacks of these en!_''iin'-hoiises are .-.ecu aliov the buildings in which they are placed. It is l'e|ioiteil that the fo;;'\\ lii>tle at this elation i-^ oiil\ n--id a^ niinh as t \mi linmlied and ibrty homs in the _\ ear, iml iealin^' thai the cape itself :-. nor pat I ienlail.\ en \ eloped in foix. Frotn roint ('oiiee|icioii I.i;4lit we ha\e the lollow in;; beai'iius and distances tu piotninciit objects : San til llarli.iia Light Iiiiumi' N. -'.' lulli'i. NiirlliNM'MtiTii iiiiini 111' Saiit.i Crn/ I'.Iaiiil S. Cit'. I'.., ilistaiil :'li null's. Kii-it piiiiit . ''aula Cruz Islanil S. ".T I... ilistanl 'J'.f inili.s. I'riiirc Isluiiil, ill Cii^li'r's llarlmr, S.iii Mi^jui'l I-.l.iiul ,S. ".1 K , ilisianl -'!} iiiili's. Wrst pi'iiit 111' S.iii Sbj;ii-I Islaiiil S. ITj i;., ilislaut "J.'i inili'H. /I'ic/iiiri/miM /.'i.ri.t oil' wi'.'st [mint 111" San Migiirl I>lanil S. '.i I ... ilistaiil 'Jl mill's. Uiirkv Point, iiin' mill' siiiilli.'ast iif ruiiil ArKMillii N. i '..".] W. ilistaiil lOJ mill's. Climalic I'liu'litinns e/r I'liint ('oni'iprinii. — Next to the islands of the .'Santa I'.ail aia Chaniiel, Point < 'omepeion is the inii>t proininenl and intciestiti^' featntc beluccn.San l''rai.eisco and the JHMlilisill.t of Lower Ciilifornia, It has \ cry jiistl.\ and lpoi'.ipiiaIel\' been termed tl ('ape Morn"' and llic •• llattci'.is" ot' ihe I'acilic, on aceoimi ol' the hci tiort li\\ esters that ale lirie met with on eoliiiii^' ihioii^^h llic channel, with a ;jreat cliaiii;e ol climatic and mcteoroloeieuj cotnlitions, thu ti'.iiisition beiiiij ieiiiaikabl\ sudden ami well delined. \\\ itiM'stiu'ation of the tetiipei'ainre of the ore, 111 northwest and e.ist of the cape would be lii;;hl\ iiistiiici i\e, as sonic ehaiaeleristics wonid natnt.ills be cNpected from the abrupt chaii),'!' in the direction of the inonntains and coast- line. OtV I'liint ( 'oncciiciiiii the coastciirreiit inns well to the southward and east ward, strikin;.; throii;j:li the p.issa^res between the islands. Close ntiilei' the north shore of the Santa I'larbank Otiantiel the eiirienl runs to the v i si ward as an iiisiioie i'ilil\ si ream. I'oial ( 'once pell in w as discovered li\ ( "aln illo in No\ I'lnbcr, l."i til. and c.illed Cape (laleia. I le placed t in laiiiii'lc .'ii'ii north, but his detailed description leaves no duiibt of the cape iiitendcil. It 'WaH afteiu . tills named rnnta de l.i l.impia 4 'onecpeinn. • I l\. Ill ■■ ilu I {•)llll iliul I'illiK ../' Iil, n„lhl ' |MM'.i), .sir. I ll, si-riliis till- 111 11 .mil limits lllr '\ III -.III-. t I'ullril ritiiilloii ll: Ins l.iihoH 1111 111,. Span
  • i>;ir l'.>il;il;i'-* . ai'.mIiI :l^ :!l •»» • Tin- f\lcnt 111' ".lioivhiif IrniM iIm' m.iuIi.iu l-.mi.l.iiv ..f (';iliruriM.i to I' I •'..ii,. lilmut 1">i liiiiiiln'.i :um1 lU'ty inili's. Till'. ISLANDS (.)!■ TIIK SANTA HAHHAKA CIIANNKI.. TlllMlMllU' Fl Cvi.thl' .S-i'/M /.'M'.wr.l \\;l- v'l^'ll l'\ Vl/<-;illlii. ill 1 •.■.•(•IIiImT. Hldl', f ' rowfst iMil "I' till' I'luiiinil. l\iii;: v.\.-\ aiul wr^l ami al.iMit srviiitv t \n .. iiiilrs in lrii;.'tl,. tho main land an.l tlif iMiiuls San Mit;iirl, Santa Kosa. aa.l Santa Ciu/.. ^^^ils| tl... i, , IVtlio ('liaiiiH'l 1.- aiii'luil to i!m' iia-^.,;;,. lu'twi-cn tlifofran fact' of San I'f.ln. llill n Catalina 1-Iaii.l, Imt «<• >liall >ii..ik «( all tin- i>l iiiiI.h ^:^'Iu•Ia^v a'* Im'Ichiciiik' to tin- SanI i l- <'liainul,i>ip>tially as tliat nam.- IS H't.iiiK'.l in tin- fji'iuTal fliait of tlif Spaiiisli tlisr..\. twi'i'ii IfinJaiiil I7^M,..t' ulii.li w.'ha.. : •r.ic'.l .•.•j.y Ofrlilii'"! I'\ Navarii-lt< in 1S|1. rmil tli«' <'i'a>t Sur\. y lirsl cvaituni . in .l.i.nl tin- i-LumIs 1\ in;; nlV tin- inaiii, IhM w . • - Dii'-K and I'diiit Coiirciicinn. ii>itliiii;j arciii.iti- ua-c Know n of ihi'ir iiuiiiIht. |n'(iiliarilii>. < ■ oriiositioii. I'lion all inaiis, of as n-ct-iit date as 18.M1. an island callid San .Inan w.isI.il! and ujion a map of llii> lopnlij f Mr\n<., lominlcd in llio I'liitid Slate-, and dated l■^l;. 111) less III. Ill l«i!\e l.iiL'e i-l.ind-, Ihc poMlidns and i \tent of wlmli aie nio-t ;.'rotrsiiu. iieoiis. Tiie i-laiid of San .Miv'uel. tlif iiio-t \ve>teni of the Santa r.ailiaii efoiip. is plaeed ■ miles noiitlie i>t of I'oint Coiiceiiejiui, instead of tweiitv time miles soiitliea-t l«y «t)iitli li.il; Tin' same ;:eiieial ii'iiiarl>> will .ijip':' '" tliefoa-t liie as tlieieoii rt'iin-seiiteil. Tliiee lar_' are iiiaile to llow into the se.i lietvNfeii S.iiita I'.ailiaia and San !»ii';:it Max.vNliieli is iis m .1 si/e fi> twenty miles liy lilieeii.aiid ninnins; noiili, «liiNi |«.i otiieis ii\al it in extent. !' (jrapliieal [lositioiis };iveii jirevioii- to tin- Coa-i Siii\e\ operaiion-- aie leinurkalilv eironeon- reeolliet well, wlieii eoiniii;; upon tills loasl, of lindiii;,' in ^:>>od naiilieal .intlioiity I'oini (' ciiiii OUT siv miles disi.mt from iiie lale-t diteiini nation in 1 itilnde. In I'iihILix's Direeloiy |..i the r.ieilir Oei.in. pnlilished in l-^.M. there is u deseriptioli already iiieiii lolled San .luaii l>l.ind, l>iit no \.t\ detiiiile ligation i- as>i;,'iied to it. in 'I'elx • lar^re Alias of t liaits it li.is a ipn ly to it. It in.iy no' lie iin in lei est in;; to st.it e liou the ei i. Iieell perpetual id. 1 ln' lir>l liotn e We e.m tilld of this islliid is its disrov el \ 1>\ M.ll't i lie/, ili I > (111 his p.iss.i;.'!' t'loiii .Monterey to S.iii I'll. IS. It .i;.'ain .ippi.us m \'.ineoii\ ti. \ ol. 11, pau' '" where the follow ill;; aeeolllit is ;:iveii: At tlH'clist.iiifi' (if alicmt ciglit li-:i(;tic.i, (nimi'wtxTi' iilxiiil mirtli TC »■ si, m| imrth !'■•» wml frnni I'niiit il<" ! ■ tiy » Very iiiiicilaiii estunatniii. it sili| ati islitml imIIihI St. Jolin'ii, In l«is>ii wliirli ami tin- ruiutl wc \i:imh ■ oiit BtsiiiK it ('alllitiiij;!! li" ]in'\iiiiiKt_v Hlalo-fchaviii^ Hi«eii S.iii ('Icmi-iil.. ami Saiil;» Cai.iliiiai. m.nlicl we .a.^ wliilr we riMiiaiiiiil at aiidiiir. eKreplinniiii .1111. \i't\ rli-ar i'mihiiiI, wlnii it «.i»s....ii frmu I !»• |ir«»iiliii ml^ .s^ii ' At a tiii.e wlii'ii I w.is iiuiir.ivicliil wnli a iil lint . U lull si-lil..ni ■«•»•, frniii t! .. Pi. si.li,. ,,f San lii.j;n, aii,l n iv> iimli!«iiv.'|. .; well I 'V .\I:irliiii/ % I", w xraiH lii-fiiri . ill nin' uf li;s v Miirm.iiin «liiii){ lUv 1 ,!««{. As \'aiKouver his iilmted this islaiiil oil the line from I'oint I.oiiiii to San Cleineiite, un ' is p'lieiallv so iil.ieed, We li.i\. iio lieMtatioii III a.vsmiun;; that, iliinii;; peeiihar and e\tiaoi.. cond. lions of the leliaeli.in of ilie aliinispliere, the i.slaiul of .S.ui Cleiiient.', invisil.le iindei naiy eondiiions „\ n fiaetion, Ii,i> 1 n seen and mistaken for aiioilier and intei inedi.ite isl.ii Ilavili;; visiie.l and e\.iiiiiii( d S.iii I 'leiiieiile, Santa ( '.it.iliii.i, S.in Nieol.is, S.iiila Tni San Mi-iiel. we 'onnd lliem .iileiin;; n.i indiieeiiieiits lor a;;rieiiliiire and very few (or raisin- In a few woids, we in.iv eh.ii.ieteri/e their disadv.intaue.sa,s want of wat.-r. and want of I'liel. lii-h. liold..iiid 111--.. I si.les. wl,j. h in ni.in\ plaecM lieeoiu<> pneipitoii.s. The Kiirfaee o: Mi-iiel ai„l .,f Suit a Uos;, i^ i,i!liM-ai„l eo\ end with ;rra,s.s and Imshes. The iiioiintains of . Catalmaaie liifeli an.l .'overed with eh.ip.iir.il. S.in Ni.-.ilas and S.ui Cleineiit.. are i po wiar.se handstoiii. pies, iiiiii^ a .|i\, sands, and .nterile asp,..M. Aii.icap.* is a I011-. Iii-li. n.. ridp;eof roek.aii.l Ih,' ishi ..f Sml.i l;.,i!.,,,., his , i,„t,,ns walU ri.sin,; to iive'hiindn.l ahove tlie se.i. «)n the chart of the,„asl liolii San Ide.;.. I.. Sm l-raiieiseo, pnlilished li\ the Inited > Coa.sl .Survey, a lemark.il.le ai.l l.,Miiiilnl ,v'Mi,iii, f ,|„. ,,ar aHelisin lieiwe.-ii the island the adjacent coast is piesei j, fhe f.,„r islamic, AiMeapa, Saiiti Cm/., Santa Kosa, ami ' 'f>--i %Vk rAciiic ('i)Asr I'li.oT. C9 iistaiiAii, fii_ , , I'kIIiI (illii. cr, Itiiij. to ' S III lcll;,'lll llll.st till' 1: • In> lllll a: < llii' S^iiil.i I. llsll (ll-tlll\l II Hll. ' III. nil, III'! w, , ' lifcllllillillr-. • 111. Ill Was l.i.' i.latfd I'Nt;. . •>t ;,'riitf><|iii p. IS ipI.h'ciI -• . I'V soulli li.il: Tlifff lai-. mil is ii!i ii'.i II «'\t<'iit. 'I! . Iilv «>rr• IlllU till' 111 \ MartiiM'/. :■ r, \'ii('iiavi'iitiira ami I'oint, ('tMici'pcion, liavt- llicir lo ;;t'r axes ]>anillel to tin' tit'iid of the hIioic line, wliii'li is tlir ^'I'lirral (liii'i'timi nl' llic SiiTia < 'niirrpcion iiiiint;iliiiti>!.v l)i>liinil:ii ii'u lit' islamls |.\l.st. i'imim m\ li'.ii:ni <« ili-.titiit riinii rarli iillirr, ^11 |iii|iiiliiii'.i, iiiiil tin' iiiliultit.iiitM ttMliliK Willi I lllll nlliiT anil lui' niiiin. mimI IIh' i^hiinls l'iil|ii» in^' i'ih li n'liir in llii' Naiiii' ilin rlinii a.s tlir iiiikiii-laiiil Corli's Slioal. Ilir islamls of Santa Citalina. San (Jliiiicntt', San Nicolas, witli the John lU'HH Rock, .st'M'ii mill's t'l-oin its mnihcrn cxtirmitv , have thrir Imi^^i'i- axt's noi Ihwrsl liy wi'st ami paralli'l to <^acli otliiT, whilst llio island of Santa llailiara is on tlir pi'oloii;.'alion of the l(iii;^'t'i' a.xi.sof Sail (Ucmoiiti'. In thr lliiid parallt'lisni, mai- tin' I'xtirim' soiithi'i ii pai t of (California, tli»Mliri'»;tion Inicomt's pi'iprmliciilar to tlii> iiist ili'srrilii'il. Un Irom l.iiiiinli' .;.; o't' noith Ihctrci d of tli«'t'iiast and hills .soiithwanl, lliioii;;li thr loii;;ir axis of I'oini l.oiiia, will puss Ihroiigli Los (JoronadoH, althou^di till' islamls lii' noilliwcsl with rrspi-i'l lo each ollni. Ainoii;^ the islamls as far as .Sun Nicolas the ocean (;;:'iiit inns to tlit^ south ward, witli vari- ableilcsts Ihron^'h lln- dilfcrciil passages and over the (oiics IJ.Mik. I.S|,.\N1)S. SlIiiAI.S, ANIt ItnCK.S. idlJIf.S DANK. ConiiinMiciii'.: at tlic soiiiliw.inl, the lirst oh|cct lli,it claims our aitontion is flic daiifjcM'ons bank and rock callcil the Cortes liaiik, I.eailii;;- southwest iiiiaitcr west iSW. \ A.) froin the sontiicast end of the i>laiiil of S.in rieiiieiitc. ami ilist.iiit forl> six Miles. The extent ol this liaiik lias lieeii Hounded out carefully ami foiiml iniirli Ljieatcr than the early exaiiiinatioiis led lis to snpjtose, VVitliin Ilic limits of the lil'ty I'alhoin curve the nt.||,.iMl trend is para'lel with the islamls of Saiit.i (Jatalina, San <'leiiieiilc, ami San Nicolas, ,iiiil it stretches ahont se\eiiteen iiiiles, from latitude 32° 24' north, lon-iimle lis .V.iV west, to l.ititiide .".•.' .IJ' tli. Iiniriii.de ll!i 17.3' west, but curves slij.;litl\ to the sonthuot. It has an avera;;i' .i..:' nearly iiniforni width ol three and a lialf UliltiB. 'I'lie nature oC the liolioni is hard, composed of white sand, hrokeii shells, and line <'oral at the Hoiitheast portion, and sand, with Inokeii shells, at the norlliwi'st. The slioalest and most danjreroiis part is that known .is the i:i\hnji Ixnch-, lyiii;j live miles from the soiillieaU tail of tlio bank, and liaviii;j: Imi two md a h.ilf I'.ilhouisof water n])oii it. .\roiiiid this daii;.'er the depth Increases ;,'railiial!y. ami in .in extent of two ami a half n'iles in the j;eiieial direclio'i of the hank roaches Imt liftecn I'.ulioms. 'I'lie ;,'eo;;iapliic,il position of this rock is, very ('losely : l„ililii.li- ;i-^ .'..J imrtli. I,iili;;lllliln I |;l m; VM'Mt. From the ivesterninost point of (he island ol A,u\ Nicolas the . ..'k hears south forty degrees east (H. I" !•' ). distant lifly six and three ipiarters miles, mid Irom the eastern point of the island HOntii Ihirly fo'ir de;;ri'es e.ist i.S, .!| ll.l, disi.int lil'ty one and one h.ill miles. l''roiii the eastern point of the island of San ( 'Icmeiite the rock lieais soiilli lort.\ three and one h.llf dcj^rees west (8. -l.'i.J! N\'. I, distant fiiit\ four ind I liree c|iiaiiers iiii'es, and lioiii the western point of the islaini ■oath tweiilN de^rrees west (S. Jd ' W'.), disiaiit foi t\ I'mir and one ipiarter miles. I'roiii the r.ishop {{ock to the west end of San .Miyiiel Island the coiirsi- is iiortli forty iiino and two thirds di-rces west (N. Pl-j ' NV.) ami the dist.ince one hiindred and eii;li . ,i miles. Tlie next >hoal spot i ; oiii' of len I'.ithinns, mIioiii the iiiiildle of the hank, and of limited extent, bein(;oiii> li.ilt .1 mile sipi.ile w itliili I he lilteeii fallioiii cllive lis ;;eo;;ia[)liical position is, ajiprox- imately : l.aliluili' :f.' -jr.j nnrtli. I -iiiiiii' nil iii^ w.Ht. From the norlhwest end of H, in Nicolas the spot last me ihoiied hears sontiicast hy south (SK. by H.), distant lifts lour miles, and from iIik siiiiiheast end of S. in Clemente it hears southwest quarter west (S\V. \ W.), dislanl titty iiiiles. From the Uishop Kock il hears west ipiartcr iiortli (W. 1 N.;, distant live miles. It I ; i Mi 70 lAt II IC COAST riLDi, To tin' iiiirtliwcstw.inl ot'tlii^ lattir slmal sput. Hit' ilfptli \i iirurlv iitiiriiiiii at fnilv in Oin« tor M'Viii mill a lialf inilcs. ami hii«i'cii ii :iiiil ilic i;i.-'>>'! t«r!\(' llllli'^ lioltll tlllrc i|liart( T- wol til' l!l>lin|i Kink. Willi (iii|i(l W.llfl In slioic. Ciii-y, ,it.— \'yi\]\ till-- liaiik liii' 1 I III I'll t 1^ van a I ill', lri'i|iiiiiil\ -rtiiii;; a^.tinst tin' strmi. west Willi Is w nil a \i luritv ut iicailx two iiiilfs prr limir. ainl piniliii in;; at ail linn's ;i lii.n iUIlt I'M'll ill llliiiiriair wrallirl lil.aKlllC lli'a\ll\ ll|iiill till' Itl^ll'ip Knrk. At iitllil llllii, n'lit lias 111 III I' Ml ml !•• I II n 111 ail ii|i|ii)sit<' ilin'i'tion ihmi l\ a> siimi;,'. In passin;,' ci\ rr t In i Ilij^lit wi' liavi' Ih'i'II si'iisilili' III' uiir |iro°\ltiilt> tn ll \>\ the liirica.st'il swrll. In tlir ilrlaiii illation III' |s."iiiii w.is fniiinl lliat flir ;:i'iii'ral set nl' llic riiiniit was tn tin' snuiliw ml .i Wiird ami tin- L;iriti'>l \iliiiit\ a niilr and a li ill' |>it li'iiii.liit im st iti nnni i> iii.nlr i lllf |iri'\ aililli: W iml. ' 'll tlli' CVrlllli;.' nf August .1. I'^.''••!, ilinill;; till' rVltllillialliill lit llii'li.i: was a stiinii III' liu'lilniii:.' ami llimnlrr .tinl a heavy sIihwit nl ram. 'I"lit«-r tuiiilitiiins ,ii, uiiiiMiai. aUlii'iiuli V.I liail .i sniitlir.i^i sfuini .ii I'miit ( nm f|iriiiii in .\ii;;iist. l->."i(i. /'(()) >((( .s'(i///ii/i(i;;.« I'ff tilt t'iiil'\ /I'liiiA. — in IST.l till' r. S. .slfanin Tum mn) n tan nuii,' hca s((iiinliii;:> til UN S.I II I Hf;:o tow arils till' soiitlirrn filler i it i he ('m ics I '..ink anil tlimri' wi to till' <'.islrrii liliiil 111' '111- I'aritii' plitiMii. Tlii' I'lillnw iii;: laliji- rxliilnls Ilio |^riit;i.i|>liii .il j ■ ot' I'ai'li .siiilliiliii^' ami )t< lir.ill!!;.' ami ili^taiu r t'lniii tin- r.isliii|i i.'ork : (Ir«»i;rrt[tlii»al (lo^itiim. Ti'him 'aiiirw. ll'l.ll. Lalllu.!.- t..ili(!tt>l>l» Scildir Ihitloin. Il '•on <;ri> «nd Muck •anil S m K i: IC U UK i>: T'-T !».» ' «.! Uglil ir.Thl.h nni.l ll..! Ktiil .. S. II K U yy ■::>■ lin -l V'V »» mi Yi'llumiih mntl amlauul SM \V i.i .1.' > 119 . Ton .'.0 »;.» >;t*< .ni.'l s tn w ii 'i'lii' i\i-.|<'mi' III tlii^ li.iiii» h.iiiliii-n ir|>iiili'il m'mt.iI Iiiih'^ .iinl tin' Inllnvv m^ pus- m;:Iici| 111 It : Sunt'- I-!, mil; i.atitinii' .I'i (•.^ . Iiiii;;!tiiili' ll'.t (»i . as set n li> < .ipi.nn .\iilnl,. I..-^. \ li'iik : i„iiiliii|i- .;■_' .(O , li»n;:iimlf ll'.i oi. ; mi aiiiiiontv. naiili : i.atilii.lr .'ll' Js , liiii;;iiiiil.- lis I.'; mi ant Imrity. It lii'S ill till' iliH'i't riiiilr li.llowcil liy tlu' .McMraii, i'aiiaina, ainl Sail i'raiii'i.sco si, ami was iliscuviii'd li\ t aiitaiii < 'mppcr, ul tin- sti'.iin.slnp l\>,lix. iii Mairli, l>."i.i. ili- vas ili'ti'iiiii I li\ jii'.iim-., npiiii S.iii Nii-nl,!-. .iihI S.m ( l.iniiili', ami w.i> M'I \ r|ii>r. In i:i aiiiili'oi till' iati'sl ami lirsi .i.ssi;,'iit'il placi-. lii' sa\s ili.ii iIk- w.itii aiunnii it w.is in \iil. niotioii. ami tliinwn up siiililcnlv m (•(iluinns :it ic-iilat mit t\als ot tnni m li\<' inmiiti s. \ III' tliiili;;lit 111- ^a^^ lucakiT-, .mil oc.-.iMniiaHy llir w.il.'i Ini.ki- a- nii a mtI, Imt lir Im-.,' tli'Ilt tiiat till' ilistuiliaiti'i' was ii«iii„' tn siiliinaillii' Mih aliir .i;;rm \ . I'lu- spcrinn-lis iil Ihi lU';:ativi' tliis iiji-.i. Ill' liiiiinl 111, il.ptli 1)1 walii n-ilin iiMh in Imtv Iwu l.uliuii.s tn i (•<.li\lm-i-s lis thai hi' wa.-nii th.' sji.i.il ..,pn(, iilinin till mil hill' ul 1 1,,' I Milk, ainl -,iw tin- w.i!. ill^' up.in tin- lii-liiip lIiM k. the s.mii' ap|ii-ai.ili(-i' lli.it In- «ilii.'s>nl h.i\in>; lit-cii si-i li in.i Hiiu'c. ami till- iiatiiii' lit tin- rmky liiittniii ami di-ptli nl walrr stipptiitiiii; tin' a-snmpM. jMisitioii i.f the li.ink wa« afliTwai-ils iiimH' iIhsiIn ili'ln iiimi>i| li> tl iiiiiia inli'i nl lli. - I'li'itif. Imt III the ('ii.ist .-^iir\iy iipi'iatnuis tin- ti'ii latlmin spot was luiiiiil, ami tin w-lioiuiii wa.s aiirhiiiiil uii ii livcdavs. Att.'iitiiiii was .siilistipn-nlly I'alli-d to a innri' PXti'iidt'd and di'taih-d .•vaniiiial nm nf tin liy till' i-li|.piT ship ,V. ,V. /;,,;,„,, ultcrwards (Ir.iii Kngh , ol' I'liilaiirlphia. htiikiii;; ii| sincf i-,ill.'d li.\ hi'i n.ii Is.mi; ami, imdiT iinfavur.ililc I'innmsiaiii-i's, t wi> pmnts nf ,. hiippii-^id toi'\i>t. to whi.'h apiuoviiiiat.' positions w.-n- assi^'md. In 1 s.-.H th,- li.mk vv.i^ out til thi'.'xt.'iit of iini' liimdii'd ami tliiily .sipiaiv luihs ; ami tmin a (-misid. laimii nt i favoi-alih' cin-iiii.si.m.'.'s inidi-i wlii.-h this la^t KiirM-y wa.s mad.-, n.niid. nr.' m .'\pr.-.-i .i point ot link ah.ivi' ni.-iiti.iiii'd isih<'oi,|\ nmi-MMin-; hut an it is \ n \ iliHi.nll to lliid siii-li. pi.iiits „|' ,,,rk III liiw i|„. ..nrrai'i. m ,i s.a was w.' «liall not 1m' Hiirpiis.'d it i.iIm'I-s h. ■ lUly finiml. At all i-\,-iits. fn- pindi'ni iiavi;,'ator will «iv.' this liink a tjiMMi li.'itli. lis .n.^l forc'il.h .siigt;..'sts th.' pi ibiliiv that oihiT sni.niaiiu.- ii.i-.'.s la- pa.all.'l to ih.' .-oa.st. II ,ll t'iirl\ 111: ■ I I IS imit'iinn r r. i\ tlir M11VI'\ l>» r watrr ium isi the stroll^' tli;u'>4 ;i liiMV iitlii I llliii < : ' III;,' ( I \ I • I' till' I'll II ilic ih'tail. .1 . -.iHilliu.tnl 1 IS lllilllc I'IMM ■ iiiii III lln' I'aii CHllllitlOlls .U> ' iirm II I nil ""!' ' ' ami iIm'IU'c \m -■ -.•..^r:i|ilii. I, luiI lir lui.. pcrlliirll'" "I ' 1" l.illiiiins ti« u:: ' III ?..IW tin' V^.ll' 4 lll-fll SiMll 111 1 III.' ,l>-llllll'"' :i iiilrl III I'll' ' mil, ami tlif ~ iiiiiii.ili"" I'l' I'" hliikiii;; 111 ' I \M, points (i| I' ,1) till- li.iiiK ".I- isitliialH'ii I'l ' ICC IX fxim^si '■ ililJiiiill lit liii'l iscil it ntllil- '' ,mI IhmIIi. ll- • t.( ilu; cuiiHl. f'liii t'l"' I' Miiiul, S, , W . 1.1 iiulc^. 1,'.h;4 tvft. .""iilli I'liil 111 mmammt^immm^i: SD l.\ K. ,i:.. Ij ni.ifi. '"■'•'f*.' ' I li»i»niii AiirhnrHKi' K.,.| l.aiiiliii;;. .'•SK. I y. ^^l^^S^'f ak««Hi U>\V.,1} Miller All. til. la^;,- „,„|, , ii„. s,„,,|„ , ,, •I .1. .1.-1 ll.-.Ul I.I .--ull I Ic III. 11 ^■'iiy^^i^TTlf T!-' .•*'>iilli n\i| iif 1 , H l.iiriil. SSK .ilisiaiii I* iiiili^ **^-*« p > . ' ■ . I l l fmm r ' ^.gaBg. ' ^ 'ii'fl l.iihillii);. SSK. J K. .N.'iili»f,t All. hoiiiK.'. >.,:,! |,rn.-iil.' I»:.iri,l SSW t ^^ , 1 milr »-'W!l!».W|*•*!««- \^- J N . IJ llMlf- "'111' -i.-i K.-.i.l ui >uii ( Iciiiiii;. :• ,11,1 lviai.;r,l l|. ul. \\V liN W. J v\ 1} inilfH, ',^.'11 ffct. i- liMWaBi^ <' <{ Ml- SllU I'lrlinlilf I SI. (s K. . r. , 1; in Sf till- (uiii's I',. ink was iMiltlislicil l>.\ Ilii'Cdast Hiirvrv in IS.Vi, iuid the iiamo hiw been <'rn>ni'iiii>lv riuiliniu'il a.s ('oiitv. j;_'j. 'WmmssKK. . --» , 1 iiiiIp IHI,\Mi (i| S\N I l.r.Mr.NTK. Tins islaiiil lh'> I'oitN l\Mi inilio Iihi.kI oil' llirnia^l al Sin I'lilro Hill. Liki' all tin' i^iaiiih til till! Haiita r>,ii liaia < 'ImiiiimI it i^ In^'li ami Imlil, tin' .suiillicaslrni ciiil ln-iii^' tlir lii;:liri. Tiii- ci-tifral tn-nd I'l till' i^laml i> ii.>iIIi\m-.s| liaJC vm-mI ( N W . ,3 W.i, its lciit;ili i'i;;liircn ami onr halt' miles, witli lui a\i'ia;:i' liiiMillli lit itrarlN Ivmi ami nm- lialf iiilirs, 'I'lii' cumIit ImimiIiIi i-* tnwaiil^ tlio Kiiiitin'iisti'rii mil. 'I'lir a Ira I'l I In- islaml i^ litt\ iiiir ami a hill' -ii|ii,iii' slaliitr miles. The smith- oriiliiost |iiiiiit III ihi' i^laml lieais \M's| iiiieliall smiili , W . ', S. trniii rmiit Loiiia ia;:lit, ili>taiir sixty miles. Till' |iiilili>lii'il I'll III III the San I'eiliii Chaiiiiel nImiws llie I'eatiiie^ iil' the islaiiil remarkalil.v w<>ll. The mil I he. i>i el II siile i>. >ti aiulit .iml \ er\ Imlil, 1 imiil: s'lai |il> In a \ ei'\ iiiiit'lirm 1 iil;^e inn- IlillK tlie u hull' li'iij^lh III I he i- a I the eastern |Miiii|. Tlii-> eiesf- lllll* JH less than mie mili' li'mn I he slime, e\i'e|il at I he iiihlille nl I he isl.iinl. I )ii t he son t hern si
  • till' Hliiire IS miii'h iimii' lirnkeii, has Inwer elitis, ami i^ hiiiileieil l>\ roeks, lint iiinie exienilin;; iiv.'t- oili<-i|iiarter mile liMiM shme. The sliipes tiiiin the li.ii'kliiine aie ;;iai|iial, lint eill ll|) li\ a ;.'reivt iniiMV tiails\ el >e ai|i| ili'e|i .irrnsns. 'I'his smilliein slii|ie i-> Well lliaikeil li\ M'Veii or eiuht Jilo- tiiiiini'i'd tenaees 111' |ilateaii\. The crest line nl' the islam I allain> an i'li'\ ,il ion nl' iiim lien hnnilieil .iml -"ixtv I'liiir feet a limit onc-tliiril r the w'a> rrmn the smitheast emi, lint (he L'l'iiil'' IVmn the niirihwe>.t emi is so iiiiilmin iUiil I'lisy that a w ,1:^1111 eiinhl he taken mfiil. .Mmi^ this iiil;^'e al intervals are the remains nl' miineriMis Imliaii i.im'liei la^. Near the eeiiter nl the islaml. ^miii.' timii ilie mirihuest, is the lirst natiinil tank i<\ watei', ami t'imn here ii|iw,iri|s i^reat lihieks ul' simie i-ii\er the ;;riiiiml. The sunt hea>t jiail nl' the islaiiil Is iniiili less liai nil than llie nmtliwi'si jiart, ami tnwanls tliat iMItl the >hi'e|«, with u hit h the l-lailil is sliieUiil. lmi^ll.\ ;;ia/.e. The i'-lainl is |e|Hirleil In lie illiiioNt enlireU .1 lil.iek pinttiiiie link with a shallnw suil n|imi it. In the ileeji unlt'lies ami in a ttiW iHiilati il .'lilts sni, ill rlum|is iiT siriilt ti.ik amimaha are I'niiml. liimaii\ plaees mi the snnth mill HOII til west f.ifes iit' I he i-laliil the eaetlis is \ ery tliitk. The mily s]ii:im (if water tni I lit' islaiiil JM at tlie lieaii iif a small i^iileh mi the Mmtheasteiii t'aee, a I II lilt mill w ay hit ween I lie nm t h west anil Hiiiitlu'ast 1 I .is ami just al the ft ml tif the sunt hern emi nt the hi;;he-t |ilateaii. Tanks or •• water- IioIi'h" ; e ii iii| mi the SI ml hern ami south west erii s|ii|ie^ nf the i.>lanil at the eil^xeof the plateiiiiH wliiTi' the ;; ili'iies Itej^iii. They are worn out l>\ rocks whirletl armiml in a hole in the heavy rain- fallH. .Many of them are inaccessihle. ami now hnltl the carca.sses of sheep that h.ivetiic',1 to ri'iU'li them. The water holes near Sill 11;;;; let's ( "ove are shii\Mi mi the chart. At Ihe iiiiithvM'stern t'\tremil\ nl the islaml it has lieeii nliscrveil lis the ("nast Siirsey paity that rainarcas w ill fifiimnilv aihance I n\ inlsihe islaml linn' the smitliwaiil. hut when within a mile nf the slmre t lic> lii't'.ik np. ami I he cistern part of t he raiiiarea ctnil iniics Its ailv.ince ami HCttles o\cr the lii;,'her |i,iil> of the islaml, wliilsl lite western part eliaii;;es its cniiise ami swili;,'s arouinl the nm Ihwcst emi nf the i>laml until il rcai lit'> 1 he nppnvile siilc frnin « iili'li it apprnaclieil. Ill this way the mhii llea.^t emi recci\es much imire r.iin than the nnrthucsl iinl. Hi/ilrciiniiiliii. -'ll\f sonmlin:4;s arniiinl thi' i>l.iml -.Imw a tlcpth nf frmii thiil\ to one linmlreil ami thirty fathmn-- clo>c inshnrc. except nlV the iini |hue-.ii'riiiiins| pninl, I'rmn which a reef makes out npiirly one mile, liesiilc this ami Ihe incks on the west sitle of the iinrtliwe>l anehora^;e, the Hhnreotthe i>.l.iml li.is tin nllllyin;: incks lieyoml nlie ipl. liter or niielhirtl nf a mile, riie line hiliulri'il t'allioin line lies \\ ilhin one h.llf In Iwnlhiiils of a mile nlV the nnitheast sh'ire. Iillt two to three ami a half miles oil' the sonihwcst shore, with a lintlmn of line t,'i'ay sami, Inokeii shells, ami ;;ravcl ; licymiil that ilepth the liottmii is ;;ciier,illy ^iceii inml ami saml. Oil' the northeast sboro the si\ hnmlrcil I'lllinai line of -n;;RV fovc. |!v(>< "list ami imriliiM^l ol' llu> \.i!li-,\ ilic iaii'l ii>t> (jradiuiilj I" live liiiiitln'.l Ici i in .» niilr .i to lilt' t.il'lf tiii^'i' lAcilonkiiii; \\ il-iiiu's ruvi'. Till' M>ii!i is'i.'I, Immmum> a .lipili -il liiiir r.illi.iiiis is ;ri\cii at loin liitli- W( .-I .if till' ]i(iiiit. OiUsulr this slio.il s|...| III.' .li'ptlis iiKirasf I.I lill.N latlnniis 'I I \\.. ii, till' iioiiil. Tlif ;:t'();,'iaiiliiial iHKsition of tlii> iiortliucstorii imhiiI is: I.aiuu.l •'^' '" •■" •"'rll' I^.i.ti'l'i.l'' "' ■^' ■'"• """' Or, ii. till..' "' M"' -iV I PuiiTmiii lliivl.—'VU.> i> 111.' .'.i'-!. Ill p.. lilt ■<( ill. island, ll is .|inl<' -iiaip, lii;;li. iac;;t'oM' tln' sia aii.l vvitlmi uni' liur s.'V.tiiy >.iiiN lr"lM ll. To 'lie li.'.lir.isl and l»'ii;ii.l this p.ak tlirr.' i-. a .l.pii'.>"i.iii ol v wliii'li liiiiiis a iii'ik, will ii.i' till' naiiow lid::.' ot ilns fiivt Inn- nf tlu' isl.iiid tisi'stn-.. dn-il am! t\\ t.i iiiiif iiiini! '••I tcci in a .piailrint a niilr, vvhcii i ilm simi .>f on.' hiin.irvd ami til'iN I.tI .mtiii-: . This last jumIi, « huh is .mly i.ni' tilth ..f a n ill.' iimth shoi.'. r.iiiiis .|iiU<' a p\ .aiind.d oli|t'ft wtnii si'i ii limii ct'itain dii. iti.iii^ I'niiii - 'I'lif l.i\\i-i jii'.ik I'll til.' cvtriiiH' iM.iii! Ii.i> a soiiifwliat Miiiilar ap|ii aiaiuc. Ih.') ..m.' iiiarka!.].' I'l'aliiM'S i'.ii iiiakiiu' III!' i.-laml. I'tinii lln- d', pir.s.'.ioii lii'\ <.ii.| i he hi;jh. i |i>ij cii'st liiH- cuiitiiim's >l..ul\ ii-.iii- In the n.iithwt'sl. Tlu' iMTllnTM dioii' "f P\iam;(! Ilrad is wry ro i>;hlv hrok. n ar.l pri-cipitoii". l.n ihi. The Miiltlu'iil sh.iTf, imiuil to I'vraiiiai oi Siiiilt.'^;h'r>- ( 'o\ .• .Xiiiln.i.ij;.', is l.ivd.fli, l.til liitrh as ill.' north shm.' : tln' lainl iisc* |L;iailtiall\ to lli.' nrsi lini'. ami i.s inaikt'.l li\ : di'tiiu'.l i.'iia.'.'s. 'I'lii'ii' air ii.. ti.'cs .'>. .\ liiii'.il iiM'ks il.i.s .' wal.i, ami siiiikvii riM'ks I'Vl. ii.ls tu.i hiin.lri.l \ ar.i> t.. ilu' . a- fast l'!N E. limii th.' pmiit. Till' soiii.iiiiij^s rl.isi aii'iiinl 'sill' |ioiiit air m r> ili-i'i>, .tiid ..11 f li.' iu..liiii;:atii>ii .'I ilo' • shore to tht' south, a-^tw. II. 1 a inarkt'il line id ililleiri' ■>• iiiniplh |.. n.vti.i.l ; !..lhi •. r tins line the il.'|.ih 1- alMint lilt\ (allmins iit one inih distant timii the p.. int , t.iihe ii..i tlieliiie till' ii.'p!l. i^ thn'e hlllnlred rallioiii> at .llie liide. Tins, as well iW the si.llli.lll.^ the i-laii.I. .leail^ iii.la'ales the suhniariiu' iirojertioii of the island form. The i;eot;iajihieal p.i.sitioii of theextnnnil;. of J'sranud Mead is: L-'>ii<'>'l'' : ». I-.' tii.rii' '•""Kltinli II- ■:„ ... wtiit "r ,1, liiiic _ 7 ,1 . ;, 7 The ediiipui.d ;iia;:m'ii.' \aiiati.iii foi .l.iiiiiiM 1, Is8,'i, w.u. Ii I", e.i^t. wi[h:i\eaih of 1 .1. Th< S<-)ithriii /'./i«f.__Tliis point of the island is ai' irrejrului rm-kv elilV live hiimln l>rii:i.t, iLsiii;; ..ui' !iiiiiilr''d and eijilit IVei .ihove rlu-M'a. Ii lies m.uIIi Hi\t\ ,le;.'iees '\est , :> • three ami tuo iIiikN null-* from ilie nearest part of I'vraiind Jlea.l, !m the mod.iatejs ih. lietweei, i.v i'v , ,,,i,„l ,,1 !s|iill;.vl''r'H Cn e. Tw .» Iu|.-ll nx ky l.slets ll.- .'l.i'.e nilde! either an. p.. ml, I'll! tiieie isii<.pa^,sa;:e way Uitw.-eii ||„'ii, and the in.kin l.lntl. liehind tlie p-mi; liM's III Ion;; ri.i;.'es for thic' iiiih". |.. rii,' erest line. The shore hio- to I h;' u.-.st w.iid lu; iiorihwe.-.i liir ll III or live inil.^ i.i Mi.hli,. |',nat. Aroiiml ih. |...iii! .1,1.1 l..'f\v.eii the r.>ek\ ish'ts Ih.' .ji'lith ol wiiter is siv fiitho-ii-' 111.11 close iii.>liore, .111.1 .I..i»|||., of m.-h,. ,,, '.iMeeii lathoiiii. ar.- Imiti,) wuiim li.ilf :i mileol ih. over tine ^ray s;,nd uii.l hi.ik.'h sli.-IU. .\i i .li.staiiee of ..ne mile the u»'tieral .hpih i- th.i onis, Willi a le^'iilai iii.re,i'>e i.iw.ir.ls the s.nitlnwst. Till! >.'eo).'rai>li;.',tl p.t.M.ioii of Hi. "...ii'lieast ,ui;;l.' oj Jh" poiio is: '•■''''•'''' r^ 4>*' tX',' iK.rtli '^"'«"'"'" II- •£, Xr «vr,t. *^f.Oj tlllll' , -,. _.,3,„ ,.m;, < t III .1 Jlllli .1 It till hiir ut It r.niilittli- dlllS ;>l I « II Id 1 .Ml I. ..rill ;i. '.HI uist • liiiip, liicli. >t >|ilt\ .illil I : ■ tlilll iMir liuiv' 1 |ilr>.'.iiili ul >. ml I IMS ti' --i ' lii'U)lnl. I ii.ri If, " lifli a llill'. >li<- tillll lit' ;t II inrlmii- Innii - •«•. Tlii'> full--' !if lii;;lifr |v\ i;i f i|iit<>ii?< till Ilip l-. ilfllvfll, lull iii.iikfil li> I f mil \ !i.i ,« \ II I'll '.II tlif ( 'u !>' \ :ir.l> to I lif 1 .1- liKiltiiili •'■ I li' ' ■fti ; I." I III- -nii: 111! ; In I lif ll"l I- Uif Miiimlili^- I ' I.' tmrtli. •^1 .V. v«>«l t,t. «ilil :i \iMll> filtl ll\f liUII ,|,.^.j,.,.> >\,>t , > lif liiuilf l.ilf l.\ ill ■ llllili'l fltlliT .11'. fliiiiil tlif |Mimi ' U'-.' Wf.tt Willi! I ir * SIX fiillinilf' til'" h. lit' It iiiilf ol 111' unil tifptli i'« tli'i 4- (>•, ii'illli :.3'» 4T. l I'Arll IC CiiA.M' I'll-dl. (,. T«( Miililli rmnl. — 'I'lif 1. ■;!:•> II" ;;;;i!ii;iliui.v in.irUfil imijfflioii.s t'liiiii the loii^ ciiiviii;,' mit- lilieof tlif .suiilliwf.- 1 sliiiic orSiiii <"lfiiK'iitf Isliiiiil; Iml wlifii a Vfssfl is clusc iiislioif ,i Ion;;- nar- row |i(iiiit is iiiailf (Mil iifailv liail' wa.v liflnw Sial llailior amlilif Sdiiilifin I'uiiit. 'I'lif fxlifiiiit.v iiflliis imint is ciiiiiiiaial i\ fl\ liiw, till' iliiVs li'in;; iimI umt lit'ly I'ci'l alinvf t In- water, and uiily roaf hill;; oiif liiiiiili III Itrl in lialT a iiiilf. It has rucks clusi iiinlfr llif clill's. Tin- |Miiiit lif.s live iiiilfs niirlli hi\t.vli\f ilc Lficfs Wfst (N. ti"i W.) rimii tlif Sum In- m Tuint, and li\f inili'SMiiitli lilt> livf df;;rffH cast \S. ,">."i I-",.) I'roiii Seal llarlmr I'uint, wlinli is jiinI uiilsidf .ao liiii' to lliu point Corininp: Dri'^^'.s t'livf. This |Hiint ruiins tin' luuailfst puint uf llif island, and lifs iifarly iiiidf r tlif lii^lifst part, heiii;; tliro«aiid line ci^lith nnlfs suiitli tliiil,\ tlircf df^iifs wfst (S. .'i.'l W.) llniftruin. Tlif puiiii marls uiif inilf tu thf f.istwaid uf Middlf I'liiiit is miicli liuldfi' and liixln'r, rising; l'it)iu tiif si'ity I'i'ct il ill's 111 tlif liiiii •Iiniidifd and I wfiily t'fft tf ii.n'f in une iinarlfiuf a milf. .Miuve llii.'^ ri.sf six utlicr ucll dfliiifd Ifiraifs, ilif hiL'lifsl hfin^ at luiiitcfii lininlifd and I'mty livf t'fft aIiOV«> thf sfa. At luii;; dislamis this Hiiih TnUh I'ait.l will \h- sffii lifl'nif tin- luui-r land ul' llif Middle roint is raised almve tlif liuri'uii. Tlic sunndiii^'s utl' tlifse puiiils are nn.J.i'r-i.f ly ifLTiil.ir, ;.;i\ in:,' si\ I'alliuins ul' water about t'uiir Iiiindl'iMl yards t'luni sin, if, and tliiitv tatlniiis at mio mile. '1 nc uiif liiindifd lalliuin eiirve is nearly tliico imlfs uil slmre. The {.'I'ujiiaiiiiieal position ul the f\treiiiil\ ut Middle I'uiiit is: Latituil" ;'.-.' .'1 I'- iiurlli. I,iiiiL;iliiili' II- '■'>!> n,'. \M'si. Or. in liiiH' 7'' .'il'" iMi«. ;! i'U-mcnlf .l/ii/c'cdi/!'. — On liif mntli sidf of thf nmiliwesi c ml ul tlif island iheif is a small indfii- tation of the sliiire liiif, t'uriiiin'r an aiieliura.i;f. having: a width of three ipiarteis ul'a mile li_\ hall' il iiiilo ill depth, will' sunndiii;,'s deiifasin;.' Iium twfhe t'atliums ,1111 thf liiif ofa hirtjf rocky islet at the iiorthnest sidf !u .1 puin; fast li> suniln to tinii and i'iM' I'.iihoins clusf inshuif. Kflp will 111' totiiid ill ten la I hums; lint tin' Imttum s tulfrahly le i;iilar and hard. It is aiiyliiiii;,' Iml a pleas- iuit or sut'e aiicliuia;;f in had iioitliwfst weatlifr, and fVfii in hf.ivy suiitherly weathfr thf sw f II iimst roll in disa^i ff ably. Its 1 el.it lun to I lie f nd of I lif isl.ind is sin uv 11 In t he l.ilf st ^f neral chart, \ hydro^raphic sketch of it was issued fiuni the Cu.i.st .SniMy ()!i;ffiii |s.")j. Wihi'n't Con- — ( >n tlif in 'it hern sii'.f ol the island, and t wu and uiif half milfs abuiit fast s'.nitli- east from the ("li'inenlf Vncliura;;! , there is a seeuinl anchuia;.;!- open tu nuri h and e,i^t. 'riieie is a {^reiit piuiectiun uf Ihe ^Imre l.ne betwffii llieiii marly one 1111 if luni,'; and t'loin thf east f in jiuint of tlii.'^ piu|eciiuii the sh'ire-line is nearly straight fur une mile in a Miiiiinast diiiction to the ('u\e. The fiwo of this sirai;;lil sliuif is \i ry precipitous, lisiiiir to four linmlKd I'let in ijl'ty yards. To tho etiHt wan! if the Cio e. the hind bfliiml the roii tiding' point rises lo sexen liiimlied and fort;, feet ia II loll^', ref^iliar slo|ie toi one mile. iJetweeii this luii^ iiielilie and thf fsc rpliient to the west- wiird there is -i small valley. olV the inoiith of which is the cov(> and aiifliora;,'f. N'essels may aneliur ilbout twi) Inindred \aids ulV shure In se\eii tu eiL,'ht I'athunis: but there is deep wale.' uiitside. TliC ainliorajie m.iy o;' reeoH:iiized li,\ a Imi;;, luw lainli hunse mi the wfstern snl,' t\\' the \alley faeiiijt thf wati-r, and a I'fW yards from lii;,di w.itfr niaik. To thf eastward ol' .his raiifli Innisf about one hiindifd yaids i.if thf furrals and shfarin;.;- sheds uf the eumpans which uwii the sheep on tlie island. .\ wuuden w.iiei tank adiuiniii;; the huii-e his filhn inlu disii-c, uini w atf 1 , as wfll as w shin^de, and bet'ore beach ill;: a boat the lar;,'erand sharper stones iDUal be eli-ared away. I'timmiil or Siiiv ii\ deep -iilihes III which the water Ills wiiiii Its way down to the rmk, which contains many lissnres. .some ver.v deep and lilled with fresh u.iter alter tli« ruins. The sunt he.isternmost point is a\ast sandstone pyramid, and when the easterninust •Then! in ul»" .1 .Vwi(i;i//rr'» f"!-. iimli'i lli.- 1 .i-Iriii ru.l nT .s,iii|:> I 'ni/ Ii-laliil, aiiil pri' ilalliif; tin,-.. Tins uiir iHif,'lil venf welt lio il'^iunili il /'i/uniinf ' ■11, r.ir vi :i'..ins ini'iitiniM'.l in llii' li'xi. l\ l'\tll ic ( HAM 111 oT. l\ ;n: ';■; ' i .'Xtrnnity of tlic l>«iiit is himmlit to l>far ihmIIi. miuI (lif iicaicsl ...liori' is tlnt'i'-.|iiiiit.Ts . • ili>laiit. 111.' ah. !:•■:. iiii- "ill li<' "fl|i. Ill It'll li> iilliTii lalli.'iu- >'\i\ a U:>I!miii ,.1 liinMlatlr t:ra\ >.iiiil ami cmr : mil.' Iroiii llii' nariou saml-lMarii al llic li>..l («!' liif clitVs. O'llsi.ic ..f (lit' l,t!|. lUf .|f|,i: liiMii It'll tt. •Iiirl> lallitiiii.s. TliiN aiifhtna-f \mI1 allitnl liit.lfilH.n ri lua-. > ii'.riliw,--! A siiiiKfii lot U, I'aii' at iiit- Iium -I li. has lufii liiM-t.M'icii iii ilif «f>i.iii ji.a! t.T I In- t - It'll raliiiiiii iiiit'. lihtsS, :: W.iln.f imlfs iMnti llif >..iitlii'a'.ii'i!iiii"-l jhhhI ..tilu . N. .!!• !•;. tloin llif wi-Nl'Tii I'liiiil itf II" tn\f. Il i> a i|iiailii "1 a unit' Imai llif n. .:rf.; tlif iimlli. ami tin n- i> no i.fi|i iSoiit ii. A I llif Wf-lti li ci.il oi' ilif oiif Mil if >a 111 I tifacti, aiai ii. ai l> a)iifas| of !ii. aiii lioi a^f. • "illflifs. Iia!l a ni'i. ai'ai i. ■•I'fii ii|.oi. I In- ofai'ii. ["iif ta>lti!ionf lias a pomi nl l.iaii, at il> iiioiilli iifar l!if t'tacii. Ttit- •• watf r liolo." oi lank-, t.f Irt'sli v< aid. ii|> I lus -iijt li ,, ;i ,|ii,iiii 1 ol a inilf loiii till' lifaili and I'oni iin liom (die tti iliitf llit.iisaiitl ;^alloiis ot |i. wati'i'. r.ai!fl> iii.i 1" foii\fiiiiiil!\ lilifil lifif aiitl iDlini |i. tlif ln'aili. A \if" of I'vi, 'i.iil lliail aii'I a|r]iioaflif- In ihf coM' i^ ;;iM'ri in tlif *. Ha.^I Smv. I'm l■^.^(!. Ihiiiaa ('ore. — t >ii llif ■^iMiili --alf of [!if iioi ! liwi'Nt ln-.ul ol S.in ' li-int iilf l.-find. •ti To.'-- Irmti llif l"lf llii'lilf AliilioI.i::f, lliclf i- ,i Miiall llitlf Ilia 1 loll ti|i<|i tt) Mil' M'lllll. Init .11 parti. il Iff Iroiii llif «f>tfil\ .>\m1I. llif >iiir.ii\M'>li'i ii |itimi of tlii>t(i\f is iiist oiif n M \lff 11 tif un'f> f,i.»; S. Ill !!> fioiH ilif iio! iliwt ^ii I II I'Mrciiiii \ of liif I'.I.iihI, ami llif .n lies ma 1 1> hall a Miilf iii-itlc llii> [loliil to llif iiiiillu'.(>.t li\ fn-t. « lif if M'>.st'K aia litii , u .. val'ils till llif iiioulli of a Nin.ill. lallnr lilii.lti \.ilii \ . A lilif of -aatl sMi-tii-. t.\ fi I lie |„ ;i, lifat'li al ilif fo\ f. I !if -lioif !o I 111 fa-"! « ;'ttl foii-isls .if motif laiil.v lo'-> t iiil-. Imuli h i| .^iiiiUfti rocks t'\tf Mil two liiiinlii'il \ .iiiU Miiiili soiiiliwf ^t from tlif s.tfrii slmrf of ihf i>.laml, .iIhuiI iiiitl"a\ lift«ffii thf •;^. ilifif IS a Mil. ill null lit. itioii of ihf >|ioii liiif opfii to tin- s(iiii|if.i>t. It In ,1 -mill Unit! ■ lor Vf>sfN iif till ol liiit 111 iiiiiN. Tlif wfNtfrii viiii- ol this ititlfiitatiini iiihn in,; i h i.onln.i for tiiif iliiiti ol .1 iiiilf jiul ihfii Ihf iiitifr ."iioif iini^ m ailv halt a milt- •■oiiilif a'-l » :,iil : lo« liliilV « liifh stiftfhf-iiiit\x.ini -oiitli li,\ Wf^t toi |«o Ittimtici) \atils. I'hf if aif h" toi'k". i^li I 1\ ill'.' tiiif hiimlrfd aiitj lilt.v \aiiKoll iliis List ptijnt. Thf \%:stfiii shor.i 1 if thf fo'.f iisf> ilioiii thtff hiimlii'il Iff t a!>ti\ f the •*<';i illid is \ ti \ . and thf iioilli slmrf i-> a flirt liortiiiid I'.v .i loi k\ , low.w ad'l liiif, HiitMitlf iin- iiinldlf ..| Ihfif I- a rofk\ jslft .ilioiit tfii lift III lM'i;,;h! ami (i>rl> \.inls in fxttni : iml in Hit- tii/ fo\ I' Ihf ri' IS iiiinthfr roiKy islf I alioiil si\t\ ft I't in lifiuhl .mil mn t- nt \ Iim- \ .ii iN in i \ri is tofallv kiio«ii as .sm./ luirl;. 'i'lifsf incUs M'lVf to in. ilk tin- ctiM' imd ihf .ipprii.n I,. ffU small rofks he ol) thf fxtrfiintv 'd 'hf poiiit o| Ihf wi'sl sliort-. Tlif lii;;ht s| p frcNl liiif of ihf isl.ind luars f.isi lulf south I'.. 3 •'s-' lioin this am- liiii.i;;i' . Thf < 'o.isi ;ini| tifiiilftii' .s^iitM'N sffiiiiilarv a^troiioiiiii'al st.itii>ii iKii'i «a.s .ii i .\lifhoia;.'i'. on thf i^iassv risf pist iiisidf tif thf hiyli waltr lim. ami Imii- smuii fmiilfii hill dt jifi'M-ast ,S. Ill i;.; fioiii tlif iiorlii point of thf iiK'k\ isU'l iHloif iiii iitioiii'.l. J.'I.l|l|lir,|l pnsltlull Is: '•''•'l"'l<- . -, Xt 0\ .|.V iMillli I,tiin;itiiilf .. .:...... II" .ift *> VI. -t Or. Ill liiiic 7k M'K •.•!• :i 1 111- hijhfst pill III .if thf IsI.iimI Is iilllftft ii hlilidit d .ilnl si\i \ fmn fi f t al'ov f llif s, Ki'i>::iaphii .il posiHi,:, j,; l.aliliiili- l.iiiii:!tiitli' ;i-,* .■'.' '.'. full Hi II" V7 "7 W..I S.in lit iiifiiif IsLiml vv.is dis. iiM III! ii\ r.iliiillo mi ihf tiih i,f < », |,,|,i i . I ;, | .', ,iii,|. » Alth .S.iiif.i Cilaliii,, trolii Ihf lo.isl, w.|« i|, SI iilinl ,|s Ihf sill. lilfi isi.iii.l. .111,1 ii.iiiii d I 1 aftfi Ihf '.iiiiilfi ol |i|i« \f...sfl.s. 'I Ills Island |s ,|is(j|„.(|v Msililf ill flf.ii Uf.ilh.i fimii |'..iiit | ,,1 i,i-hl limisf ;.'laphii ,il siin..\ of Ihf isI.iimI h.is liffii Ml llif lis Ihf 1. S. Co.isi ,111,1 (mimIiIii ,>-;iil\f\. ,1 jiiaphif .skill hfs til Tvi imnl or ,S|iiiijrj.|t.|',, Com- uiitl Cli'iiii'iilc Aiiiliora^f li.i\f ln-fii | I'l' (jil;n l"l < . ' il |!!st ,ll IIm ml . ;i ml Kiir : (!|i llir "Iclilli \ mirtli\Vf-i 1,41 ! Ill till- 1 ■ • mint "it 11 i;ii tlii' III .irrv; ;iln lii'i -s^i', ' Mill ol III .ll'l> |l llu- jjllji II ;^i||lll|l» III li ■ ■ t ii.i.>t >tn V'' ! IM'Iltt' l.'.t:iml. • Mllllll, I'llt .11' ■ IS imn| mil I mil, ami llic .c U alnlml i \vii (.Ml till' I" ;i.' ills linnliU il icsl |niilll II! ■ i\ c, .iml tilii ' .1 In t U( 111 till ' > A ^iiiiil lliil ■ liul til DIUllliM lUlllirastw :,lil ! I lull' all ii" WIl lltut IS \rl 'v . 1 1ll llllllllll "I ' lllll III I 111- II !.•• • ^ aiil-- iM I \'i tlic ali|Miiai 1 . ■' ■■ lll-lll-I I' •ViJ i "as a! I slllllll liiiil '■ < > lie liii'lltliilii'il. 01 'l.'i iiiitlli. T. *i w.-t 1 :\- :i 1 1 aim* r t III' -I ., i,...ll. '.'". I'" "' "I , I . I.'il..'. iiml. V .lllll liaiiii'il I .1 I l,i'..;lit liiHisi' IllH Sill \l'\ . . ;^i- lia\ I' Ih'i'Ii rAciiic (i).\-.r ni.oT. 75 Tlir. l.'^l..\M) (i| .'-AN MCm.AS. or till' Cliaiiiit'l l.slaml.s. tiiis i.s .slii;liil\ the laithi'.st liiiiii lli ' main lami, ami i.s llic iliirst ami iiio.sl .■^U'i'il^'. l.iKc San < li'iiiiiiti', it Is ('(i!ii|iaiati\i'lv ilaMii|i|ii'il. witli a imnlcrali' .slii|ii' luwaiils tlni iiiiitliwaiil. It IS fi^'lit liiimiii'il ami iiiiii't\ lirt lii;:li. vsitli \('i> ImM, im ri|)itiiiis snlrs nt' «Mmr.si' s.imlstiiiii' mi tin* .smitlu'iii .iml rasti'iii lai'cs ami on p.irl of the nm llicasti'in Ian-. Its ;;('iii'ral iliicfliuii is wi'St t w ii tliinis iimi li anil ras| i wu ilunls smitli ; W. v; N. anil !■'.. H S.) ; it.s It'ii^^lli is sfvrn ami lliirf i|iiartris iiulcs, witli an avi'i'a;;r and iifailx iiiiirnrin liii'ailtli nf l\vi> iilid one iiall' mill's, 'iwii fliinis nf I lie siiiraci- ol tin- islami is citvi-rcd willi sand, and tlii' I'tMiiaiii- «ler Willi I'liaisi- ;^iass. Small |iati'lit's nt' sciiili uak air lniind in a li'w |ilarrs, Imt no I ires show on the island as inadi' troni scauard. Il can In' sirii iVmii tin' dii'U ot' a xcssil at a distami' ot" thir!>-i'i;.'lil milrs. Till' ca.sli'in I'lid of ilif island is mic and oni' iiiiaitcr iiiilfs lnoail, liiuli and liold. rxcrjit at tin' northeast innnt. « hi'if thru' is a lii« sand spit stri'lrhiii;: out oiii'lhird ot a mili'. and aniiiml which till' en II ruts i iin at tnins w iili ;;ii'.il imri'. Tin' wrsti'iii iminl i> i|niti' iiai lou and point id, and lutt so hi^li as tin- rasinn. Kelp. — 'ilii- island Is siiriiiiindrd li.\ a lii'ld ol l.rl|i, rxripl lor two ,ind oiii' third inih's on its noriht'ast i'.ni-. I'ln' liri'aillh ot I lir Ki'lji lii id mi ihr mn I li a\i ia.:;rs iirai ly a mill' and strctrlirs oiil to .si'M'ii and ihiilii'ii lalhoms ot watrr. < Ml tin' wi'sIitii fiid ol ihi' island llir krlp lirld ro\ ■ ITS biull\ Inol.i 11 -loiind.aml slii'lihi-s thiri' iiiiirs tothi' wrstwaid to liltri'li and siMrin t'atliom.s of water. I'mlcr tllr .>olllll side the kelp line IS I'luse nmlrf the shore, the line nf lUi'llIV fathoms Wiiij; within h.ilf i mile ot' the land. I''ii.in one to two miles oil the east ei n point of ihe island is II MC'piiiate lii'ld III Ivi Ip. one mile east ,(iid west liy half a mile noilh and south. It has six and a iiaif rutlioiiis \\ illiiii It. siMcin lal limns nil the east end. and a j: 1 eh.iiinel. tliier ipiartei s of a mile wide, liel\M'en till' we.Ni I'lid of the paleh and the east point of the island. In the kelp ,11 ilie ;:irih slime tlieie is a notalile ^ap diieetly in front ol' <'mial ll.ulior. The liiilili n (III mil IS olV the island lie in the kelp olf the westi'in point, where two leefs, w illiili ail ai'oa of one nnle li\ half a mile, lie urst by smith h.ilf smith (W.I), ,S. A S.) fnll\ one and a half inileH distant, i lie\ Imm ei;.dit fathoms armind tin m, , and the kelp field extends h,i|f a iiiile lie- yoiid them to toniteeii lathoiiis. No daii;:eis are known heyoiid Ihe outer eil;;e of the kelp Held. Kolk'tt ellolieoiisly plaees Ihesi' reefs two and a half miles fimii the western i>oilit ol' the i-.laml. lie also lays dnu n Ineakeis im- a mile and t liiee ipi.irleis liuiii the east el 11 point. 1 1 is prolialde that lie has lieen misled |i\ liia\\ eiirreiit tips emiilni in;; with the westerly swell: or it is possi- lili' there may lie some hnldeii dan;.'ers in Ihe kelp Held idf the easlmi end of the island. The /■'(;.'/ lllll I. Is de^el ilii'd mi pa;:e 7li. lljiihiiifriijihi/. 'Ihe ^mindiiii^s oil the north and norlln-iist side raii;;e from tifteen t'atliom.s at tilt' kelp to Ihii I \ and t'olly at two and tlilee liiiles; till depth towards the la';;;,' Itoek ineleasi'S ^M'adiially tioin litleeii I. illimiis.it the kelp tolillv it ihe ioi'k,and im liiokeii ;;rmiiid lielwiiii, with hot loin eonsi^i ini: of sand, in ml. and lirokee, shells. I )lf the south laee ol the island the hot toil) dro|is snddeiils to mii' hiimlred faihmiis in iini> ,iml a half miles, ami to three hiindred in less than three miles ; lioiimn. h|,.,.|| nind. 'ihe tiiirt,\ lathmii line is heie hss than a mile trmn I he sliou'. OlV the noli liea>t point, w liieh is low and s.inil\ , \ essels may aiiehor in ten fat limns o\ ri' hard. sandy liottmn. with a em rent iiiiinin;; stead il,\ to t he sunt h ward, wliieh makes landing 1 1, id, as the surf eut.s the lie.ieh at an aeiite aiit;le. Tlie anehoia;;!' laid dow n on the < 'o.ist Siii \ ey eliai t is one lildo wiiltli ol I hi' pi.;;! I. at the eijix" of the kelp, ill si\ or -.ev ell fat limns. Corrnl 1 1 II rim I . — ( >ii ihr nnrth siih' of ilie iNJ.iiid. t liiee and a ipiarter miles in a siraiuht line IVoin the evtreme wrstein |ioilit. is a veiy small Imal hailml', where a \*liale boat may be earned ill, l>i!t the passage is onl> twenty feet in width, so nariow that the n.iis must be Ir.iiled tor a dis tanw of I'ortv leei to p;|.s tlirmiL;li. Inside iliis p.i>-.,iL:e till' b.isin ixp.inds to si\i\ fi'i'i in di.im- eter at low w .Iter, has a smooth sand lieaeli, and is prolieled lloiii all swell, I >ni iiiu the li\ dio- ^M'aphle survey of tie isl.mcl, tidal olisei \ at ions were inade here, .\ shea nil;; shed and sluep eoii.il on a little iis(. near ihe slini'e e.iii be sit n limn I he mil ^ale and niai k llir pl.iei'. Slrrr lor i hem iiiilil the openiii;; is seen, and then riiii in. There is a Inid of alioiit one thmisaml sheep on the island. The I ', S. ( iiist and ( ieodi't 11' Survey si'inmlarN astimiomieal .station on S,in N ieolas Island w as on t hi* Hand \ pom I a I I lie iiorthea^l part, and ii" ;:eii;:i,ipliii',il posit imi vt as di'irnniin d .is follow ^ : l.aliiiuli ;.; 11 II I. 11. mil I.iill;(illlilii Il',l 'Jl. I'.' U1-.I. I'r.iiii ■ 7'' ,iT'' !!• I t i w 'rl * ■! il M -,; rAcirir ruAsi' rii.nr The iim,i;ii.'li.'\,.u.ili.m Im S^iii Nmo1;.s is coini.m.'.l II «•"• -iist for .lamiarv. is.v,, i-rrascs aiiiiii;ill\ 1 .1. Imhiii 111." s,iii liilNO luMiiiigs ;ii„l , laiucs to i>iiiiiiiiu'nl ohii'ils as lullows; WVst point ..r S,iiH-:-i...iii.' M.m.I f* -" K. K , 'liManI lUi ni,!.-, and iniKsjiif; ilii.-<' 'iiili-' l.i wMitli uml liist nf SiiiiLi HarliaM NI.iimI lli(;li r-ak, Saiila I!aili.iia M..1..1 N »( I'lolll tills |iiMliI !lu' Wi--'^ l;iH Iv Ihmis Iiollll siMx Idlll (l.';;n'<',s wrsl N.lil \\'.), ilNl., aiiil tlircf (jiiartfis mile-. Till' liiirlfst imiiii 111 the i>laiiil i.s I i;:lil humliiil and iniiit.\ hvi alK)\e the st-a, an. t;."aiiliiial po.siii.ni is: l.atiiii.l- 1,11 i)JlU|il. . :t! II 1.-. ii,.rll. ll'.i :il ■.•:. «.>! Tiiln.— i'o\rA\ ll,irl>iir: riif avcrajrc tiiiu' of lii;;li watJT allt-r llic nuxMi's innitliari p . X' ti;» ; ,liil tlir .l\i'ia;;i' l !.•«■ ol' tnlf .il>o\r the liicili of tin- lower low w.itfrs of i-aili il.i antl iiiii' ti'iiilis lift. To ohtaiii tlit> liiiii'.s ,iii ol tlif )ii;:li ami low watt'iN, tlisi i > tlif 'Full' Tiililfs for the raiilii' CoaNi tlsc iiiin'.sainl IumcIiI;* for Sail I»if);o; ami tlifii !.• tiiut* of lii;:li vvaItT luTi'. ati'l n^ht niiniiti'.s, ami to j.'i't tlu' linn- of low watoi aillitl,irl MX Irlitlis ol .1 I.M'I ; and for lo« .\,lt«'l Militlail llil. ■ ot a foot. The isl.iiid o' ,>.iii Nirol.is was \i'i\ |iiolial>l\ •Mtii l.\ I'lirtlo I'i''hruar\ l^, l.'.ll, win: Santa < l ll/ Isl.in.l ;o -. ,ilrli l.ir ol In l islail.l> Hl"'! Icl 1 . lli;; olf tin- llllliT ;;ioii). ; li;it 111- ,1, : iianii' til It. \ i/raino naiiiiil It in ItHi'J: lnit In' I. ml it down Mr> iiii'inoiislx . ti>r it i> |il,ii-id i!.'-. til.' western side of Saiit.i ll,iili,iia Isl.iiid. and exeii smaller than it. It is not liM'ateil on tliei'.iit.i (iein-ral of I7'.'l, .iiid it was not seen hv V.iiiiiiii\er in I It w.l.s e\.ililineil l>\ llieeail\ llir tnidil -. Hid. mi ae. .milt of the ^iU■M nillliliel ol . found there, wa.s kno'Mi liv tlie name ol Sea < liter Isl.ind, ,uiil its soiitlie,isi (loint |.l,ieed n .1.'. 17 , lon;.'itiiile ll'.i in. It j.s ;» \vr\ Miiall sjH-ek on .\iitiW!*iiiiiir(i rliait of 17'.i>, a.-* it ■ w itii .S.inta r.alii.ii.i l-l.iiid. The Indi.ili initiie is s.inj to \u- (iliilaslial. 'I'lie llii;;! l!"iL is situated on the |irnlon;;,ition of the iioitli xhore of S.iii Nieolas l-l lies ninth Sl\t\ toill ihvHCs West N.ili \\ e\fii and till |iiarterN miles tinm il western point. The io.k is almul l,.|t> Let hlj^h. Imhl .iiid w. 11 defined. ,iml e.lll a dislaiiee often miles. The si,||Mdlli;:.s , l,)se toll ,ire liftv l.ilhi.iiis. mihI without Midi any eonneetiii;.' .siihriiaiiiie rnlye \\a\\ tiie isl.m.l. inw.inls wlmh the di niar lease of i|l'|illl is ker a liottoin of blue mud .in 1 sand to the kelp hue. w In re the depth IS litj. ,-n fi!h bottom Is ;;ravel and broken shells nm Imtel.N aiiiiind the imk, ,kml no exi. roiiinls it. Its ;:io-i.ipliiiMl p.isiii.iii i.« kidpi' I.Hlllll.l.' l.(iniJiiu,|i' :ct ".'I ;i!i Ml. nil ll'» II IT »,«i Telieiikotf errom.iii.slv Ia\.sdowii a li e o| roek.v \-u\tK It • III point of San Nieolai, ■IWWIl Ihe I'.eL-'' Hock :'.,ld It iw mimed after llie Nliip ./,.;,,( li,,,,,. wlmh sirmk upon the foul ;;rounil lembel ■.'(!. ISJI. ami wa.s ne.irl.X lost. She lep.irled Ihe t.ml I tloliol II ,■ |,„ k relatue to the ls|,i|id t)f .Sail NieohlMHsh burn Channel, pulilished li_\ the l. S. Co.ist .tmi (;.,h|. .iroiin.: it loin I ii\ eli'd W It h kelp. I ow II on (he reeel t eliart of the S.ll,' t hi lie .Surxe> . iiaiv, I- l)(Miinj;s It lIlill'H. fi\^ mill •<, I 'J I mili'X. I .V.j( inili-H. I |r>^ iiii1>x I t'l^ iiulfN t 71 inili'H. :!('. north. I \V.). ilist. tlir sea, aii 4:. iicrlli s lllcl nil. Ill )■ 1 s (if cacli ViltflS. tit St I. 1; ami tlu'ii !■ ailil Nix III! ' Mililiact llm IS, l.Mt, «li :il li is jilantl ell V.Ul.'illV.T III I t iiiiiulxr <'l "' l«iiiil iil.ii't'tl 11 1.1 I7'.t>, xs il ' .111 Niiiilas 1-! i.ili •» liiiiii llii III) i-ai> t hmIn !' 1 uiiliiuit mill' >.i- ol tli i-' ' IS nil. VII t'utll" vlrliMlN r Ur\V V ■;\ Ifti iiiirlli. 11 IT "i-t ••Hi K.H'k :'.l'l II 1 ijititiiiil aiiiuiH ■nI Willi Ui\\<. I t .liail <-r iIm'S." [^■i'jjj.,^.4-i'Sy-v-' " ' ^^'^?"f->rnr-W!'» .■•**» ^- W.byS.WliuilM. Sitiilii I klHlin* Inland Z^. ^r-^^"" SK. I.\ >^. • S.'i'i iiiili'ii 1,78611.1. 'I hi" tiantii I alBlina Ihlaml, .sK. ' ^^Vh^'v, ,v. Smilft I klHliim l«liin;■{. hh. , ! ;n iin!iv*. tiantii I alBlihtt Ihlaiiil, .sK liy K f.l iiiilii •f^Ti m ': =1 f' i< 1 ll « i ' ^HIB { ■ I ;;s|^^^l'' 1 t 'i':'?^T*:--. „, \ ,!l I'll! l«llllllUt, SSW . -.'1 Mllll'" SiiMlrt CjiIhIiiih Uiah'l \^ I «li'lli r !!Tli'" ■ii,".,i\.',;, :';■><:'! ' '-' 'jiU,'''Uliiii M '' H -ii"'^H--' -ii.-. (j.^J)in... s, I r ■-•1} iMiifii. S»iita Ciilnlih.. I-:. I ■! y .i.-t. r > /' 7 , V '•>>^ ,,^/f-; Silllirt CjHhIiiih Uilh'l ^^ < "li'Itl |'«l ' . Ii''i>!'i!. I, •"'■' (> • I >-\\ , V\ .'.'.'l liill'X S«iila Calnlih.. 1- I •! ^.l^t. rf (.nrl , lj.'i({lit, V.Mii'.l ti I'l •>^ ,,.,f "SS^ssWvs^itefliaWffaw^j^i* ■*Hi^i?t**:*-««k.;. t utaliiik Muil.i.i, S,,!ith Biiir ..f i\,r lir.-m li.|.i.iwi..i,, .S !•> I. . '.' null a "'^'^ I of nj IK'/. II qiiiir fbiir btliii actci till' K sort I •III I Li;;li •Id Poiii ami i riiiiii or III Li;;li low i of III lllllll till' I- was 8li:il| or Ml bt'uiii till' I I I nlirni iliili I acius A I lie Ch.ii'j •% / Nlinic Ol W Th.' I llliN' : Point •1(111 <^ faci- I Thr , Wl'st < HlU'lLs jiiiiiW^''' rAcnir COAST I'li.itr. IS|,\Mi III S \M A r \ I M.INA. 77 '\'\>\> i>l.iiiil 111 -^ lilci.iil i.ll llii' iii.i^t vM^l III S.iii I'liliii I'l.iv mill S.iii I'iiImi IIiII, ;it .\ ili^t.iiicr Of tlilirli'i'll lillli'.o. rill' p:lN>;i;:r IiiIMitII tlir l Iiailii'il till' >"/( I'nlin i'liiiii- inl, ami li.is alirail> in'i'ii iJiM-nliril. |>.i;;i' 1 1 'i'lir i>!iiiiil i> ri;^lili'iii mill's luii;;. wi'st 1(\ null li I liirr quart ri's iKutli ( \\ i)\ N. I N.I. « illi an cNtii-iin' liii iilili uT >i \rii imli-. ami an aMiii;;i' lurailtli nt fbur null's ti) III)' siiiillii'aMi'rii pair .iinl t\u> iiiili'> In llir imrtli^i'.stri n. '."'n' li'ust brraillii at tin- lalli IIIII -> IS half .1 null'; tlir .slmii' liiii' aiiMHiiits in imi Irs^ than I'liilN -siv tiiili>H, Tlir ;;i'm ral cli.ir ■Cli'l 111' 1 ill- ti»|io;;ra|ili> nl llir isl.iinl is r\f Iiii-lv iiiii:.'li Mill imiiinlaiiiiiiis. Tlir slmii liiii' almi;,' till' .SI III Ml sliji- III' till- islallil IS \i'|\ lii'lil ,iml illllinill iif ai'rrss, i'Si'i'|it lor almlll tiller lliilrs. Till' Boi'tli slmi'i' i> aisii \i'i\ Imlij, Iml li is sini'I.iI I.iiii|iii:.'s Ih'shIi' iIh- |iiiiH'i|ial cuM'. 'I'lir tirii^l apliiiMl |iiiNiliiin nl iju' ra^li'i n |iniiit nl ih.' i>! iinl i-. I..1I1I111I1' LiMllIlll'lIf .i.l 1- :iii 11..1II1. II- I- :;n ^(,.si Mill lirars sniilli Idiiiti'i'ii ilr^jiri'.s I'il.sl ^ri. 11 ll.), ili.slaiit I Wfiity Imii links, tinin I'miit i'lTiniii Li;,'lit linii.sr. 'I'lif \M'sii'iii |iiiint is ill ■ l,.ititii fiiiii .li'.;ii-i> wrsi .-s. ;i \\ . , iii>iaiil IaihIv ami iwniliinls unit's Irnm Pdiiil I'i'iiiiiii l.i;;lit liiiiisi'. Till' lii^^lii'-'l pi'.iU nl I III' i-l mil i:-!'^ In 111 ilr\ .iiinii n| | w n iliiiii>ami mil' liiiinlicil ami tin trit aiiil ,is a I. Hull. ill il IS \isil>lr It ilii' 'li<.i.im-i nl \\U\ mill's. 'I'liwaiils 1 hi' w I sii'iii I'liii, I III' Islam I i-^ 1 1'lii.ii kalilr I'nr I lir ;.'iial t r.insvi'i >i' liii'ak nr ili'|iii's>inii nillllMj.; llllln-t llilnlli.'|l i|. ami rnlllillli; ,111 .IIM'linl.mi' nl' l'n\ l> at I'.li'll s|i|i'. 'I'lli-. Ilntallll- Icllllli' Ol'tllr l>l.lllil III', lis -nlltll ^I'M'llll'i'll all'! nlif li.ilr il,_;|,.|.; \v,.>I S. IT' W.ltlnlll I'nilll ri'lllllll Li;;lil linilsr. ,iliil isilislailt nilli'tri'll llilli~ I lirl i-tl niii. Wlii'li inliil|i;,»- iillt nl' ."s in I'l'ilin I'.av, llii' low i^llllllll^ rnlllirrtlllL: tlir Ivvn |i.lltv nl lllr l-.l.ll|i| r.mmil lir mth rVrli iVnill llir II MIT ir.l Hi' ilrrk of till' slraiiiii s. -n that lln- isl.iiul .ipiifai^ is t w n luilil ihr lll^|jli , .ill-- n\iMl,i|i uhrli ^I'l'ii llnm '»lHi'.l>l I'nini \ imi'lllr, Till' III -III --t pi'.lU nil I 111' p.U t III' I III' l>l.iml Ui'st W.H'I nl I h.-. ili'pll"-siiill i s nlli' t linllN.nii I >rM'M hllllill' il ami ihi; I \ IitI .llin\ c I lu' Sr.i. I lir li.in nw >lripnrin\\ I.iImI mill I i lli; t lln t wn p.ill s i it till' l>I.iml l> in. .ills kiinw II a^ I III' •• l-.lliMill-- : " ll !■> niil\ almiit I lill I \ Ihl ri- Irrt almsn tlii- ^ra. ,11 ill Wii.s iiiaikfil li> .1 I.ll ur, u lull' liiiili|iii„', ini mil i\ ilm I'lniiil .'■ii.iii'v liinarKs. Tin' hilN il^i'iip •Iiai pl> nil I'arli sail nl ll hmt nlir lhnil-..nii| lirt. ainl nliill llli' Isl.ll ll IS si;:li|i'i| 1111111 llir li.illli OFMiiilh I 111' u llnli'. ,!•- Inlnir >t.ilii|, appiMis li Ivi- I w n \ il \ 1|Il;1i i-lainl-. Till' \ li'W .s rxllllil I this b»'aiinliill\ , .iiiil .IH' hi^hls I'h.u .n Iil l-.lir. \\ hill .1 \ t-mI is .ilii imn| I'miil I Ini'lirmi' l.lL;ht linll>i', till' l-l.iml nt' < .it.llllia Is siMli a-- .1 MIN Inu s.uliUr mi Ilm lini l/nll .ll a illslaiirr nl' n\i'| (illy Illlli'S. riic -.linii-^ nf till' islainl ail' inil,\ .iiiil |iii'ii|iiinii>. ()ii till' sniiiliii 11 snli' tlii'V ail' t'l'ai liill> aliriipl , ami nil I 111' Iinl IhiTii .>ii|i'|hi' hL;h i hlls .ni' i m li\ ihrp .iiiii\n>aiiil 111.11 l»rii li\ --I'Ni'i.il JHlll'lll.illlilis. |)rip ami plirlpllnlls M,|!ihi's ai I' |n| Mil ll li\ llii' I ii|;^i'S nl liirU I'lllllllli;; il l.lunn.lljy UMiiss till' islainl l:nni iiniihi.isi In sniii liui-sl, aiiil m'l asMii ill\ a small valh'.N \ arirs ilir sitiii'. Alllr.lsl nl I hi'^f \ .ll|i'\ s ailil 1 mlill I .ll lnli> nl I hi' .>lli il i- 1 ;ni' small rn.lsl IIIl; \ i's>i'ls Jlirlinr tn ilis- Oll.lli;>' ami ii'iiiM' rii'i;,'lit. Ihl'li •'(iiiiliin/ III Ciilillliiil hi'titit. - Ihl' tuilily lllllntn I'llMn l-. nlil\ nm lil'lll 111 a Illllr nil BIiiiH', ,illlinii-|i siimi'U li.il ii lr..;ill.il , appl n.irhlii,' nM'li In uilliiii lillv \aril^ at llin llnlllirrii salr of W I'^t I'nilll. anil niV si'Vi-i.il i.r ihl' sill. 1 111' I p. nils, iiniali|\ ihr i'.i-.|i'ni imiiil n^ iNihiiia-. < 'n\ !■. Till' lill> fa! Iiniii rill \ 1' i> .ilmiil hall a mih' tlnin 1 hr sjmi r, Iml .ipprn.irJH'-. In w 11 hill niif lill h nl' .1 mill' .11 III.' i'.i-.lilll pniiil nl I'-l hmiis I 'n\ r, .iiiil .il ihrpnMil I hi rr llllirs llnl I hi. I--I w .11 il nlW 1 -I I'nilll: lillt Milliln-.islw.llll nl' \\ i'-.l I'nilll ll •-! n-ti'hl--- nil In Inlll IlltllSlir a llllll'. Ill I'l '1 -1 ' 11 ;.' Olilll- till- |i.lll nl lln- isl.iliil ll 1. Ui'll In ki'i'p iiillsi.h' thr llllv 1.1 1 hniin'il | \ r. Oil ihi' ^nlllhi'lll fai'f nl Ihl- i-.|,lliil lln lil'tV t.lllliilil illlAi' Lllui^ liniii t \\ 11 lliinls III' a mill' In I Wn null's iilV slliili'. Tin* niir liiimlli'il t.llhnin i'lll'\'i' is l;i1ii'I'.iI1\ .ilmill iilii' In nlli' lllil .1 half mill's nil' sllill'i' I'ast anil Wl'st lit lln'rnvi-; .null hrlii-i- .11 nil ml llir isj.iml ll \ .irirs In I IniT mill's nil shnin. ( >iil>ii|i' I his I'lii'M- I lie Iml I mil IS mnsi |\ mi'i-ii 11 iml. 111 rasiniiall.V 111 IN I'll w Itil sailil, ;;r.ni'l. I If rtii'lls. I'M'i'pi nil llic nniilii'asii'in l.n-i' ul llm isl.iml ai \N I'.si INiinl. wlnri' it is sainl, or sainl t \\\ vi(| Hi MMMHI«HUtl»ll(|WM 7S i'Ai 111' r.i\-c lil.itr. "'ir t i n I ; ; i r-' i « U X ;„„1 IMM.l. ;u^,.l.■ li.r .'Ur liMll.l...! T.l Imlh il'l.- ill.' Ih.lt.. H IN \rl> X.Mi.ll.l.'. Lilt in.uillx I,, >aiiii, bitiLi-ii nIiiIU, iimi ui.i^.l. I „,/■„.,, i;;rv, I. -M,./rA, /W.UI./. —/..;,,) •, /.■.|.../.._nil ;l..'lM.|Iiir..xf |.„r i.lllir |sl ,,,,1. ,. ,1ImI a li:llf Miili'% ti.illl Ihf r,l>!«'lll .■\U.'llill>. {li'iv H .» .Hllial! .-.Uf till. hi Ihr liluli liilN. iii.u Iu.,Mi.;,il iMl I.-.-I.S lliiil* .111.1 !.'ll.\ l.'l h'^it- l.vHi;; .'losf III. I'liili- I- ;; 1 .iii.lu.i .i... ,~.lll' 111 -unllfM-t \MMl!l.'l I"! lU'- \«-.M-i- ..t t«.'!lt\ Ml- Illl!!.\ t..llN. Imiij; .!..>.<• nil. Ill llic- i;i l-l-ilt I l!ll..ll|s ,.| ".lltT l.V.-r Mil.' <.lll.l. Ill.'lcl-. .^.....1 l.Unilll!.'l.Il .1 |'.l.!.!\ 1m .1. h ; II, laii.lin;: .DC a liiiii>i' .111.1 ...iMK. .iU.> .1 ".■■I 1.1 ,;.«i.| rt.it.i. Tlii^ i> kiii.w a .i^ .I..Iiiim.ii\ 1; J,., ;,„,vij. . \V!,::i\i,'^ /,(,.('■•.' II I III' -.nil.' -'•'If "I 111'" l-l.lliil. .III"! liiKT .iliil .1 li.i, I. III.' ll.'ltllW. xl".!!.! "I ll"' r, l> .lti..U. I. I'llt -Ill.tlU'l ..III', known .IS Willi. -ll".' Ill;i. wli.'li' M -M'is .iliili'.r III (i-UI i.iiii.'Ml-'. I',,t r,i.' .(/ i.|.ciis ..!■. 111!' iitirlii ^li..i. al>."ii i.Mii null's I'a-l ..I i!..- i-tlnnii--. Iliii li,, 1 in.i.ii' . uilii-uw.iii' ami .'"III .iiii.lii- iiii'iaic^ . .l/i./i..).';/. « — r.iiw.'t'ii llif isiliisuis ami ill.' iMirlliwi -tvrii rMniiilN .'I III. i^l.in.l ,:. •■.liuiit iiMl.'i.i.iii..n' .tl..".t 1 ii.!l" i|. iM I'll.'.-, iil.tnl |iriii.'< "..Mi.tml .iiii'liiir.ii;.' Ill -.iiiiln',i>i .\ , .iinl ai.' kli..«!i ..s /•■ ' ' ''•"""'"'"'*••""' 1' '/»"""* /."'"/'"./v itiutliifi Uiii'"<> 'i ■ ...1. ■■■..■;.■■ . .11 llir >.>iillii'Ili si.lf 111 111.' ^i. il <1«|.|. S-I..II, li' . ;ii>Mi ll't' lii.i Mjivol f.'i.l ."I till' i-v^ili.l. 1^ li..(li\ .lar III !i' IK li'Ii;'!li. .ili.l .'nl> .'l.. Iliml i.| i xM.lr li, li- i;i|ii .;i iits air ImM. .ill. I, ••.. I.n as kin.wii. (n .■ Iimhi lii.liiiii ilaii;;ii -. I .. lii .1 i i'..iiiiTi^ li.'iii il,. (wsi\\ ,11.1. run .li.iii;^ 111!' Ml. nil -i.li nl ilu' isl.r.i.l ami m iki- lln' .1. |.ii-';i, tin' 1.11;:.' » liitv l>liiitlili'_ l- 1.1! tilt' l^Mitiin-" sliott ,n^' pist as it i> mi.1.|i'IiI> ii|.i-ii..| l.\ lln wi>I 111'. nl, .111.1 I'l'.imi^ ti..i!li l-\ I .I'.I l..iil~t,isi N !.) r. .+ K ..iiiil till' small in.iw.' mi tii. . till' li>\\ s.iial f|.;t. iit'ai till' hia.! Ill tin- liarl'cr. )ii.-i I'i'fii to tin- t-.i-i w.iul. 'I'lni.' ii.' in .i ..il III.' .siiiiilnvi'si Ik , 111. .111.1 It I .i!i 1.1' |iiis.«t'it choc .ili.'.tnl. rin- two lull-. .>n I he i'\! t. n. • lii'.ni .111' r.'iii luimli.'"! .III. I .'ii,!i'> .in.l '•i\ liiimlii'il Uv'. .iln.vi' Iln' .si.i «iih \i'i.\ |in<'i|ii:i' .\tlrr |..ISM||;; il. sl.ilitl lil l..i !li. !■■ ^.li;;, k.'.').i'm a liUli' In tlif p.. It (it llinl cli.ininl nut I .>! a null' iii>nli till' la'.iils, \* '• niic! i i.iilr.ictn.;." i.i|'i'll> liiti «'.iri> in;: h ii I.il h..'i. . ■ 'ti r r.i'lli.lii !mi. liialkt'ii Hi [' .;. . - ' ',\ ki I).. \ «lli,lil link. .ll>i>\ i' « .lli'l , rl..-..- ili^i.j.' lii.'. In.nl, lia-. .Ii'i-p Walt'l' ali iii"i:iii| ■'. Il t- . .ill. .1 I'in U'xl- Th.-lu.' kfi'|i in iiii.l-i h.in i ■ alui-.i-l ">l till' l'.!.;: \o\\ piiiiii 1 1 i .i hi ml hav .ii;; ili. smiH Iioiim' .m it mintiin.. .i .iial .nil liiij' Ml ii.'ir i.r li\ .' f,i;' , - n h..ii(»m. I h. ir i'« a .ii'|i!li of iliifi' l.iiliinns a ~li taiifi- 111! 111. I 111 tli.Hi I la- l.i« |"..''.i . " .: Il h.iiil li..;f..!i.. I>ii! l!n ir i.. iiiil i. II 111 I I'll. Ill ^h im .1 ^ . >ui,i;;. It tin' '.X .i|i| I'lilsnlc i> UIun'. ii.^ 'i.iiit tliv Itnl llini st. vi'sscis vutl I...-..' il .il Ih. hi-.n |i'iiia|i-< I. 'Miiic ti. !i. ii'V .'il III hv ;.h.iH- 1." pri'W lit sH 111;;!!!;.; 1 1 III 1 1. 1 I hi' .in.-linl fa ('..imiu li.'ii' II"' r.t-l.<.iul iial -"iiifi w .ml tin- ilt'|iii'ssi..n ih nul -o ^iiiM.'iil\ ..|.i'ii.'.l Istl mis '...,. — rill. In tlif aiirh.il,i;i» lln- m>l III -nli' <.l t li.' istliiau^ .il I lir m •• it il.'i't III' Salil.i J'.tt.ilili.t l-;.i'..l. 1 1 Talis I.,., k .il.t.iii llin-.- i|i| titiis i.| ,i mih (i..iii i lie h.-h, |.,| ,1 i. 1.1 tin- n.'lMu'iii »hi.n'. .111.1 :ii .1 il.ii'i I lint l i-mv miles from tin li.irlliwi -In n . n.i nl tin Il I- i.-.i'li!\ iii.i.lc III ^'iiiHJ V calln'i l>> iiiniiinj; ..hiii;; lln- mulli >li.in' iiniil tin ^ir ii .Irpi. ..p.'ii' .1. Till' .i|ipr...n'ln s ,,1',. ln-h .unl l».i!,! ..u (iih. r •i-lf, Init l« .. .,iitl\ m;; imk- m' iii.mI.i.i'. ami I .'... siii)l>. 11 I'M k-. li.' al till i'IiIi.Uh'c ami iii-aj.' thr hcnl-. it i- iliti'i'lh ..p.-n tn ih, ami iiii' I' i-;.'iii .ii..l vm stnii (.i'mI- .nr .i mil.- ap.irl. Iln- .vlsIi-ih I., a, I i- ,i ii.l^.' -hap. ,| hilmlr.'.l tn.l ,i-iii', ;:v,. f. ■•; |,i-h. >Mlh .» '.i.l-lh' i.t 'inict.\ I. . l ..n ih,- ,,i,iithi'aM. I In- h. pt'.ii- i..iiml li.nii ..'it.iiii i!ii«..'li..ii-.. | hi- ,\.'.tii i. '.-.nl i, t i|. imtcr mn- <.| tin- .1.11 (nm : ..r lliii'.' yii .It p.ii ilh I ml'.', s Imii- .,i,i )i.>iih.'.i-i ilNi: ami ui--t -.niitliwr.*! W '-IW . .iml ■ on Ih'i'i'.i'. 111. .'.i-l aa.l '.Usl^ln. i-s c.nMi -,. i,,w ,„',| , |1„. j,,.,,,.), ,,, th.-M.iilli -h..ii-..| tl Tills 1- ,1 'i.iiii.w liiM >4 itt'i Im.i.'Ii. i.m' tliinl i.f .1 mil,, luii:; i-.i-i .,ii.l .»i'«i. i, ■!... n- tin' -|i, riir I a-li', Il -111, II' liiii' !«. iinli'iiii il With ,rs|.|,ill,.ri'..\c f.ilh i| j i^in-i ui.ui'^ 11 u ' .il Tin' l'.||.>v iii_' .111' ' .,' (Ill /,,. .iiiil itiiii'iiiit lu'.ii 1st hm.is < II. I- /.•/»■-/ A" /..llll.'.'lpl.lltl'lsi.t .1 mil. I'll ill.' h.'.lU. r,|v,t>M\ |.,t liii;ll.»||llW- hkl'.l I',. I. Ma.'k tiiiin I'.H' ilMiiml .iml hrs m.iili .i .pi iin-i -.s.'-t ,N \ U., ,„,. ,iii,| .m,. ,.,^lith iiiil. s ii amh.iia.'.'. il k ,,I.,miI l,rt> ^aMl.. in . Nt.nt. I'lnu. i, ih , |. «.,:,., , I.mi' Id i! ..ii ih.' m.; w.'st.hiit i\M>p..t,'ln's, r tuiil ;;ti.aml Willi i.iil.v ti.iiri.'.ii ami III, |, .-I -.1 wali'i lir. i. sp.itn . hamlii'il s.inl- .lisi.ini nil ti,,. ,.;,,t i.i.tih. a.-t ami M.iitli Kniilh.-ast nnh s ,,C ||,.' imk. Ii.. Whit. l:... I, |,.,,,< s,,„i|„.ast h\ MHitl. >l I" >,,i|, slant tht.'. .Miarli'is i,| a inih'. out (N lit I ail. I tuai to II HII. I dill, Rttfl llgh IM'IM aiit'h mini or "I '.HMI yai.i rAciric cuAsi' I'u.nr. T'.l Wh'ii, /I'dc/,. ii||( lillliillril iimI -,\'\ \;iliN III ( Nli'lil ihil I Wility Mint' Ifcl lil;,'li, cm crril with .; Haii'l Mill ;^i 'i^^. '"'^ ""''"'"■■'■''''''" I''" ' '" 'I"' i'"\i'.iii'i |ii>I mil >iilr llii'iiiMiU. I'ldiii I 111' fast 'lit'Mciii Ipcii-. \M' 1 I W.I, ili>i,iiii li.ii'' a null', ,iiiiri n IhmiI im^i I wo I liinU hoi tli ' (K. ■■; N. . i.iiii I liii't' n"'" ''■'■'"'•' "ii'''- I' '^ 'i^'' liiii'ilii'il NariJN lilt till' ncaioi .--jiiiii' In llic Mlllllli .1>I .11 111 .1 1 Ml' I --I III 'I. Ill iilf I'l^ilil 1IMII-. ( 'm\ r, W llli'li liiMI ^ -.11111 h -.11111 III, i>| (.SSl:.) (ijll'-tllilil (iC ■ 11 Iliilr llMlli ll . I'lUMi I ill' ImmiIi ,1 1 1,1- liiMil 111 I III' iii\ r It lir.il^ imi I lic.i -.1 li\ liul I li ( N I!. I IS N.), di>i.iiil tiiii'i i|ii.iitri.> 111 .1 null'. i 111- iiiiilli, 1 .1-1. , III! Miiii lir,i-i -iili> 111 Ijii- luck have mts (ii'c|i water 1 !iiM' .iliiii':-.lili'. iiiil rniiinl lluiiillic imi I ii" r-t. Ii\ \\i'-l In mhiI lic,i>l, | line i-- I'mil ;iiiiiiiiil fii 1,11' liiiiiihi'il 111 iiiir limiiiiril ami -.cm iiI\ \.imN il:.la:il. \villi •-iiini' l>rl|i. ()iii' .-.i\ Iccl |ialiii lie-, niic lailiiliiil variU --iiilliii'a^l , SI!, ni I In- --.iii! he i--l pai I ul liic im k. ,'liiilhtr l,'>>i' lies ilii'ci' liiiiiilri'il \,iiiU 111 1 iill I'lNJiii man- Cum- ami ilin ril\ uii ilic line lie- twi'i- I Willie lull n .mil I he aiieiinl ,ii;e. It l- .in ll 1 1 .: ill.il 1 s eill \ eil l eel' inie hilliill ei| \ alils lilnail niiil I'liir liiimlieil > il'l-- Inirj uilliiii llie Ihn-e lathnai line. >Aith the eiiiveil -ule luwaiils \\ lute Ji'in-^. Irrcjiul II pall he- of Ui l|i iiiai U ll - h .-u U'l |i u ! -. iilll -.iile lit u lihh I- iji ep \\ .itej- fl mil tell t"l**en'.\ rallinliis. lull llieeinl liiu.ml-. ihe ■■. i -t aiel iiiiltlmi-l i-iin' niaiLiil li\ Kelp .mil lias ten latlimii-- cii M" III : hi I 111 ee lal hiilli line. i lie i \I l elne w i -lel n pulll! Ill - e.i-l li\ -I III I h )■]. li\ S.^, tllslaill hair .1 tlllle llnlll the nlllel We-hlli piiilM nl the eoM' .iIhI >i HI I ii V, e.-| ,.S\\ . ^|\ h 1 1 llil I'd I yaiiN riiilll till- w e-tern pninl il \\ Irle i.'iiih. lis liili'_;i I ,1 \l> lie-, Ue>t li\ >iiilt h a ml ea-t li\ m i| t ll (W lis S. ami 1,. Ii\ N. . ll :- lepmlei! ;l it iln- leel line- iiui 'iie.iK, /I'l'i/, (linish. — Ill I he I a- 1 CI 11 |i.irt nt the 1 1 ,u 'ml li'eii alms e r • I ilieil lie- a I ml. a\Ml-h Ilea fill;:' giililii li\ Wi'..! iS. 1)'. W . i|i-.laiil Imii hlililieil .ilni e,;iit\ \,iiil- I'liHii the ue.-I eliil ul' White Jim !.. il nia,\ lie 11 III -nil I I'll as p.irl 111 I lie lui imr 1 1 i l. ,ilt hini'^ll tllile i- a ileptli ul thiei- ami a billt l.it!|i'!ii- |i|>t Ue-I 111 It. Kilt 111 Ihe -ullth li\ i .l-l S. Ii\ I!, fl.ilii Ihl- iLlluer -tietelles .1 Ulcal pati'il. iilH' liumileil _\.l|ils 111 e\feiit. uim h h.l- ,l- little ,l- el-iil leet nl W.ili i' llpnli il. Aliiiimi thiN sIhmI aie irii ;:lll.ll p.Uelies nT help. 7^ I'he W f \ti III Sllllli II It'll' \~- I hi n.lliie l;!\ ell til .1 -Ini.il I.\ III:; halt .1 mile " e-l ul t he Ue-lel ll Ileal 1 111 the iiai lull. 'I'll - il,m;.;el h.l^iinl.\ ivMilielnl Walel n pu'i ll - el iiU n. « h nil I- \ el \ limiliil ill iMilil : lull I liel e .lie I \M i patelies nt tell .llnl Ini III cell leel \M'-I .Hill miIIIIi U e-l nt t lie >hiiale>| BJinl. ill-I.inl nlie hlliiijliii .ilai tills alei I'>mi hlllailiil \ Uil-. I>eplli.- nl li \ e. I eli, a ml IWi'Ue f>llhnlll> ail' lull 111 I .11 111 1 1 11 1 tlnse (l.lll;:e|s, ami m-I .\ ili ep w alel . I ill I II leL;ill.il hnt Inlii, hel u i i 11 I he 111 aiiil I he linlil shme live il illlill eii illlii I Weill \ tu e \ a ! i|- I n I ill' siill I ll. I'lie -lin i !>-l pnl 111 nl I nek - Ill's ll'il I ll el^^llt \ mil ill';.lees Ue-t ■N.->l W n||e,l|ii|.| ipi.lliel III I le - 11 nlll While L'liek; ,-nlllh »i\l> liilll iie.;H't > W e-l S. Ill \\ . el.;lit lillil l|- 111 .1 mile limii I'lllil Km k ; aililllnllh tills . i\ df;;|eei> SSf.Sl |.N.."lti \\ |nin lUhlh-nl a mile tiiilll the v.i'nIiIII he 111 nl iheenSe. 'I'llC leel 1-. gl'lleialls SVeli lli.ilki'li li.S a p Iti ll III kelp nil I lie -nllllie.i-l .>iile, lillt ri-llelllleli lepnlt that tlll^ is toniass.is 111 lie. IS S ss e.il hel . ,ill linil.h it lieSel !i| e.l l>- ll|inli t he I nek. 'I'n Se-.-el- limn thessi-t Waiil It ll a S el S ilali Ul li'a> >piit liee.iil-e I lies .lie apl In keep eln-i llliilel I lie -linre ss hell appin.leh int; the I'llS r. e-pl'i'l, ills 1 1 I he SS e.i I hel I-. Ill'.l S y nl tlllik llnm 1 lie -nil I i l \S .11 1 1 . I'he .V. r. „ l',,t /I'lii Aw. iill the \M-ti'lli lie.nl nt the harlim . an- -liii|i. i-n'alei| pe.ik- aii-lii^' OHf nl .!..'p ».ilel. Ihe lil-l line lie- mils niie liillii||ii| s a 1 1 1 -. linilh I\SilllS-^l\ ile-lees i.i-l (M. ■-'•• \.. llnm the c\tU'llilt_S III the pnii't .llhl aillin.il nil ihe lilie In I'.llil Inuk. ssith ileep SS.iti i b*'I »Sii n I hi - ilaii:;i I .iliil I he ~|nii e . I here \s .l- Im kelp Ilia I kill.; ll. Ihe -ei'nliil lie- I sv n In mil lei I •till t^eiils s.iiil- imilh llnm the esllemils nt Ihe pninl ali.l h.l- Inul -imiliil mi |1- linilhssesl -iile Uttil keil ll'. kelp, I III le |s ,1 ilepi h nt i v\ elll V t »s ■• tat llnlll- 'nl (M'cli ' lie-e il.lli -i I ^, ami I went S live to Iilll S l.lllinin- lllillleill.ltels lillt-nle the M'lnml. Ihl iliii liiiiinii in /\Hiiiiii.i (nil, N lit ^^ ll h-l 111 ilm u thi-e il l .i u h.n k - l-lhmii- ('use is a U'H'il miclinlaue Im small Vcs>e!s illHlll;;; Mil|llie,i-I ;;.lli'- .llnl the nnpii.iis -iiliiinel wiliil-. Im; \i|\ (inii;,i lull- Ini N.illin;; Se--eU ilniill^ linllhiM-l L;ah',>. ,i- tlieS .Hi ilss.is- piiieileil lis .1 lii\n > BWcll, Manny I he -nillllier I here I- .llss .IS s .1 emi-nler a Me ->' i 11 -el 1 111^ 111 In I hi- .lllehnl ,IL;e sv ith llglll. '• illl M;; u imis ss hii'h mak'' il ili'liclilt tn| - iiliii.; s e--i'l- Inssmk niii. Ii i- ,i milewnle Bet ss cell I hi' e.lvl .Hill \\ 1 -t 111 11 1 -, .llnl I lllei ipl.il lei ^ 111 a III I le i lei p. \ i --el-, 111 -eekliiL; h'l I he •Bcllnla je, sill HI hi keep loss .mi- tin \\ e-li l u iie.ui s\ ilhlll nlie el;;lil h nl .1 111 lie tii i li H tile sseslel ii failkell reel .liie.lils i|e .el llieii ; nl keep i ln-,e ,ii mi ini t he e.l-il el ll iii'.lii .HIiiriHI Ini \S cell I he I nek •Wilsh .llnl I he ss Inti' Illlill .s linh I'm in- i he -mil hei n lieail nl I'l-ln 1 111,111'-. ( 'ns c. .\ nihm 111 m sen or "11:111 l.illiiilli- 111 s' .Hel' iisel il.ll k .,'ias v.Hlii, ss II ll till' l.ll::e ss lute hiill>e nil llie i>t hlillls ; 1 s7.; 1 lM*ariii.; -Illlill lis svr-il (.S. lis \\ . 1 ami Ihe loss s.iml lieaeli ili-.lalil .iliniit Issii liiiiniteil .Hiii litis yanl-. in tin- pn-ilmn the tssn niilei sve-Iein pmiit-. ale 111 laiue. ami I lie mini niie |ii-| -niilh \Li' ib".i 13 t ll' nBngjWm i I t it } Ik i t so I'AciKii' I'i'Asr ni.'M IKIIlll lillN S.\cll :lUflliM .1:^1' 1-, lull til iliulN ciuiil I ,N. • l.sl I !■:. . I'lir \\f>l il III II.iiImii Ki'i'I' ill. IIS li lli'llll |\M'llt\ ilrUli'l'S r.\ .1 N. J" :inil tl.i' I'. I .1 iliil liultil l"iilt\ i-.i,in! 'Mil' I Imi il 111 .1 mil W'liili' IJoik W ^1 til iiMi llir iniilill Till' l.iij,'!'. \\liiti' builiiiiii'- lliii'i' lniiiiliiil \.inl> I'.ii 1, Iruiii Ilii- bi'.uli ".i- Ihc I iiiii'ii S' lniili ill isti;!, and \*.is \ i-il r,tr Mill tllr.l^i N I'.*. I \^ ii .iiiil Hill' 'Hiai rniiii all iHiiiils licHvi'iii IKIIlll liair wol ( ( (N. ^ \' Ctt.ihihi lyiiiiKl. Tins small aiuliiuav.'' i-* "" tlit- imitli slion- i.f Ihc i- Irr mill's tViMii tlif iMiicfii i'\!rrniil\. Il i-. lialta iir.li' lunail it llu'fiiti lalN li.irk aiiiiiit iMU'iiuaili'i "1.1 mili' tlirl-i' l> a ilr'.ilil ol JO latlliUil'' Ill>t iilllsiili' till' |i 4'ii,lil fa ilium-; M tlii' i'-iirlnna^'i'. 'I'lir -mniiil at I he in- ul nt I In' ruvc is iiiiiall \.illi',\ riiiiinii'.,' a mili- In (li«' miuIIi wanl. 'riu- .-.ln-aiii Iliruii-li tin' \alli> i- ilrv in Tlio i'a-.t(iii |iiiini i>r till' ciivo is lii^fli ami ruc-kv ; flu- wtssHTH |MHiit 1m> >i Inuli >nuai Ivilij,' cliwi- at till' l«:\.st' (if tilt' r sH'i-p sinpi' rif llic Imillt. Tliis a ''oml am'iiiira_'<' in .smitlicasi .iml siiiitliwi'>l ^vcatiii'i, .iml i ii.issaMi' iim: Hurt liVM'-t ^^^aIll^^. I'll!- holti'li: iaiulv .iiiii tliiTi" is III I'll II' lainlinu !■< nii a <•<• M'I\ lirl\ll\. in'.iiii ami M rv siiii«>lli .it all limi">. fNcviii wiini tlif .swi'i. ! TluTi' arc I«o Wills of {.'uml \^att'f cIom' tn tin" ImmiIi. Fi>.hir»ntn» Ctn-c. — Siiia'i cralt "ii! (iml in Istliiiiii!* (■|i\ r |iiui»^'tiiiM rnnii tin- pri'vaili liiit w ill <'xi)rricii'i' ilillii'iiltv HI ^.'I'ttni;: mil. as (Ih-u' is ahvi>s a swili .si'iini;,' i^i am! II llaws •.iml iihlii's riiniiil lin- lulls. Mn-f i»t' tln-m mi« ant'lmr in i'i>lii rniaii> <'.. blows I is tuo liniuln'il ami ncvohIx tivo _\aiils wnlc .uitl lli«> saini' ili-Mn-i- ili'i'|i ; am! mi acioii M'llaml roi'lv o(! its iiiir.imi- is aiM'\f«'llinl slu-ltcr lorllii'iii in ail wi'.niici.s. It issi|naii'l till' Wc-I llii' I li.i> ,ui loi k^ oi liiiliiiii li.iii^itTs ; ami till' ki'lp oir lln' NtMitlnv«»st imiiii M-ai'lii'- \M-lvf I'.itiioiii liiir. Iah'iiI at l!ii' liraiNiln- tlin'i' tall line rcarlns wiilun si\l.\ i lioit'. Tlic .siiUlliwi'St point ot tilt" ro\i' is a wliii.- hliill ; tin' noitlir.i-'l |>iiint is i!,. Iiiinination of a narrow hill, one Immliiil ami <'i;:lit\ fivi' IVi'i hiuli. « iili .i s.hIiI!. l'"ii«in till' iiiiiitlif of till' riiti.inii- t'l till' 111'. Willi.' Ituik. r.inl i; IS open l«o \\ 1 tlhs to till- Wi Til .uv'f. maisliy putnl nii tin- islli!ini-> ni'.ir tin -I'litli rovr, lial tin' waii i liracki.-li. Scinb oak IS iilitaiiiiil tui tlr*' woml. 'liii' si'i'iiml.irv a^li'omiinii'al siilioiiut tin- <'n;(st aid 1 irmli'tii' Siii\i'\ of 1 v'i'J \\ a > 111;.'!' ol' llii' li.iiik. l«riit> liM- vanls troiii tin' uati'i liiii', ami wi'nI ul Ilii' w.ilii loiii--.' into I^tliiniis Com'. l-"roin it tin- lii-ariiii,' to ilu- \m-.>I poini of Wliiii' i;.ii '.. «.is noitli \\\< lii'L'iri's last N. 'J.'i \'.. .ami to tin- lii-t ni'sti-rn iii'.nl of tho Ii.iiImiI' iioitli .sfM'iiii'cii >t N. W u:i'ii.;i.i|i hii.il position \» : i..iiiiuiii' ,.., ;t:t ■j<; ;it .7 imrih l.nllgillllli' . • >r, in litiH- 11' •£* IT VVI*l. ill .l.iiiiinry, IS.**.", tin- iiia;riu'tic variation was 1 \ in (•.t.-.i wiili an annual incrfasi' of 1 .\ ;.'towtli of ilioin.v 'iii^lirs I'ovcis tin- wln-li- i.".!.!!!!!, ri-mli-iin;; tnivriiii;; mtv ililluiii i-t nnmlii'i^of wiM alionmii'i!. inil iln-\ lia\i' lirlpiil to siipplv tlic ('alifuiiiia inaiki-t with lif^li mnlton. hi l olil h'.iil iniiifswi'ii' n-iiisi'iivi-riil ; lin-ort' ih ih'.>ri ilii'il as ai).'i'iiHfi-ions j.Mli'n.i. No vtnn o: of till' oil- li.is Im'i-ii foiiml .imi ininini; opfiatioiiM havi' Ih'cii isiistt«l.iml !'• ilLslinctly \i-iltir, in cirar wiallur, fioiii I'oint Loin.i I.i{{lit lionsr. A topii;;i.ip!iiral snr\i'\ of till- i>l.inil lia.-* Iiitii mailr lis llir I . S. I 'oast ami (iioili-iu ■- ami topo^rapiiii'.ii aii'i liMiio;:r.ipliiral Mki'li'ln-s of iIm- .ini'lioi'a:.:i's li.ivi- ln'cn pnlitisliril w I'olr i-laml am! its rtl.iiion to I In- in, i in lain! aiil iln ui Inr i-Nl.iml-ari- wi'll I'xliiiiiti'tl in tli' tsiir\ry I'liaii from San l>ii';;o to S.inl.i Mnnn'i S.iiita Cataliiia i^laml \va.s illsroN i-ri'd li.\ Cilnilli' mi liio 'ith of OrtoluT, I."»r_', ami 'ir on It iii'M ilay. It was wi-ll inlialnti-il wiili tininllv iinliaiis. l'"i'i-ii-lo sa\M il was ilii' of till' two (SantaiJataliiia and S.ui Cli'ini'iiti'i si-in mi tin' tilli,.inil wa- n.iini'd Han Salv.nl tin- l.irutT vi'Nsi'i. It ri'iiMM'd lis |iii'M-nt nanii- from \ i/iMino, Niivi'inlii'i 'J>, Inn.', wlnii it wiUHtliirkl> ml. I>y a pi'.iplc ifpoiii'tl to he I t-ry iii;;i'nioiis, pailn'iil.n'ls in piifi-riii;; ami com-t'aliii;;, .Hoinc I'v.i of w!i"i|i ,11'i'miipiislimi'iii •! ilii'\ ;.;.i\i' ilu' ."-ip on aid- i'.iilri- di' li A-n'iiiimi. w iio a<'roiii| SJ !■- ^.i "m ^}7:.'^^- I \ ■ : ::s~-^_ -•■••■;-iVt^#; li«kiu\ ( ,M.. ,,i, III. .N,,ril, -.i,ir,,f tl„- KaMrin .id ol Su r:.:^^y .'^■' Siijjriiliijl", vno (ret. • rifi -iilr .if III,- KaMrin .id ol' Sa?ita Ciitiihiui I>laiid, s>\V,, 1^ lEiili'g w Jk M.iL. rffcjMjwWiWTyrj'i-i.. .»afar~ 8«nUBarb»ni IsUnd, S.i W.,l» ^lile^ 617 ftrt, 8»nlii Harbara IkIiiimI, S. 1:1 W ..lisiani ;w, m ^'- ,r*^^i4«; il>nr.i UIhi il, -\S f* .:iiiMiili' } W 4 W I iin:.-.;ii: '.-.t Sniitit linrl irn I«IhiiiI >\S , I ll.llr. I'JIi fll't SW K_\ S I 4 III ill- *.lt;a,4M,_-«t.rf..iitiu. ^.ji,&Jl&l**i.4?iv(Bt)afc.:siifci^ *. -imlu ' riii Nhiii'l Amiiii|iii |-;,,Mt, W J S , .1,', li tbia txi itt llM « i '^4 I'Arii ic roASP lll,OT. 81 t hWlA I'i'ililliili. ;,'IVi>. M'lS |i;ll Ijrill.ir ilix'i i|i| khis of ;i l«ii|:|iir h'lil|il(' In till' Mill, Ullli ilii;l;;i-.s liml W"' . I' HI 111 I liiMl I lir I vMi rii\ cs. \l/c.lllii>'-. cli.il I h mm I ivs I lif ( 1 1 rlc ilc.-.rril Mil ill I lirji \Mir>lli|i »t tiM ' 'i'''i 1 •i|iii>-'i"ii- "r ;iUii 11,11111 ^ till' uic.il iii^ht riiiil.iiiiiii.; t hi' i>liiiiil iil ( '.il.iliii.i, t In- Uttblft'l' S.inUi Ciliiliii.t. 'I'liiH wiiiilil :i|)|i,uriilly i'iiiIiimio S.iii rrilm ami Saiil.i Mi>iii<:u l>ii,N>. . i, SAN I A It\i;il \i; \ ISLAND. Til, ii DIM' III' till- iHilv twi) small i^laiiiN nf lln- Saiil.i llailiaia ;,'inii|i. It licH on tlic line, ami very II' i'l\ li'll «.i.\. Ih'Inmim iIh' iimtli niil III San ( 'iriniiili' l>iaiiil ami lliri'a.>l cml uT Sania Cmi I ~ I '"I I' i" \ 1^1 I'll' at ,1 ili>laiiri' 111 t unit \ vf\ m imli's. XIm ;:i'maal iliiritiiiii ul the i^laml is luiitliaml ^mitli, ami il.t I'^tri'iiir lrnj;tliis iim- ami a half III i'^. 'i'lii- " nit li iMsi ami \vr>l i> niii' iiiilr. \\ lirii MTii riuiii tlii'iasi tir wi'st tin' jslaml risCi II ' ^*|' i^'li''"'. I'll' --lint lii'i II mir a|i|iiMi in;; t hr iii^lifi. StiMiin-is iiiiv.ini: llir Santa Mmiira Uny III I ki' It mil in ;4iiim1 weal III' I as t VMi small tial l^lrt > mi t In* Inn l/ull, tlli' a|i|i.Urnt r.l>t)'l n lu'lli;: tlielBi 'I- riiiv a|i|ii'ar Ji'iliril tor a ^Imit tmir. Tliciraii' t\Mi|Miiiits hall' a liiilr wrst waul iii the Cli~^ I n lair III' t lir islami, \\ linli in t wu liiii il-- ul ,i nnlr li mii r.iiii ntiiiT on a imi t li t w o tliiii|>. CMtfiii' sou ill t\Mi I Inn Is wrsi I N. -; V.. ami S. -; \\ . ^ ruiii ^r. i'lu' sunt in in oiir is li\f linmliril ami forty >'^ 111 ti'it .lliuM' till' si'a, ami tllr Iiortlirl n inU' Iim' lllllnllril ami sixrlltrt'll liit, tlir l.lttil riMlokii u that i'lr\ation in ir-iilr, ami |in~riils |inii|iitoiis riii)> lo tiir lull fmcc of tfcr ■MT III suriN. 'I'lic liintVs aro lioiir.\rmnliril Willi ;,'HMt immtiis into ulijili tin-. mm Inral^s with a loiiil iiiiisi'. 'i'lir hasi' of till' i^lainl is a \ain'tv ot iiasait. uliilr aliovr liis a .\ rllou i,-.ii COtkni iinlslmii' ('o\ I'li'il v\itli aiiil\ iiiiii. J\ II sill inniiils thi' Isiaml out to fin ratlioins of uatrr. Init at iiii';;iilar ili^t inns I'lmn liir tiliore. It iirs t\Mi tliii'ils of a null' oiV I III' soiiilii' i^t |iiiint oT t lir i^iainl.aml Iii'Im <' lo tin- nm I li |)Oint '■ i\ rra;;i's mil' i|iiMrti r to mii' t liinl ol' a inili' oil slioi r, w iiii ||\ i- m >i\ latlioiiis mihoii;,' it itnd (li ' :> uali'i mitsiili'. Ji ■ niiiitfiliii. — rill' u ati'l' aioilliil it IS liolil, i'\ri'|it u hi'ii' ki'l|i inilli'Mti'^ a Inul. imlv \ Iml imn, Thsir '. t'a'limn iiiii' iirs an a\ ri,i;,;i' ot mn- Mini tiiiii' i|iiMrli'i > iiiiir> li oin tin' --lioic. o\ rr a lioltmn of All iM\ saml anil IniiUiii slu-IU. J> ■)iis.—\.)\) liif MiiitlivM'si |ioint of ilii' i-.!an.|. mil' tliinl lit a null' ilistant. is a ioi'l>\ i^lit two III. li I II I anil tilt\ si'\ III frit iii;;ii, u itii ivi'i|i ai oiiml anil iii'\ oinl it. 'i'lii' siii l.iri' slii|n'> to tin- (NMlttiv^ Mill an' I li.i.s ,t nr.ii l,\ |iri |H'iiilirnl.ii pitiii to till' nmt li. (Ml tin' wrslm n imiiit ol tin- isiaml the ki 'i< iiimIvi s mil ii\ t-r unt' in i if, .i ml mi tin' on I it .iml sunt Ihtii t'il;;i' of I Ins iai;:i' lirlil is a ruck itWUli ! r.ii iiij; nm I li m'\ rnl\ si\ tli';;u is u r^i N. T'l W . I, ilistani mir .Hill mn' i i-ln li nil Irs frmn thub^ list part of tlir isiaml. ami smitli si'\iiit\ four tli'^^nis wrsi S. ; i \\ .,. distant mir ami oueM|i, iMcr mill's frmn llir nmllirin liiu'i |imiil of tin' isi.iml. It i> rr|imti'il tliat llnii' is .iiiutiii'r rook I isii III tins lvi'I|i iml Its |iosition is iml Ml ili'triiininil. ]. I'iniiis iiH-l .1 ;i(7(..r(i'/( . — l..inilin;; n* at ail linn's liitliiiilt. ami ran in' I'lli'i'tcil at mil.\ two |)olnt> Tlif Id'lti'r lanilin;; jilaci' is on tlii' c.ist fair ii.iil .i iinii- limii tin' soiitii |imiit,anil was inar|i's pisi mI tin- ImiiiIiiii;. 'rin' aiirlima::!' oil liiis l.imlini; is in I'igllt I iilinins III wain. cli'Mii saiiii\ liottmii, not uoml lioiiiniL; ^i oiiini. in a ricar s|imi-i' jiist iiisnlf the Oil' ! i'il;;i' of lln- i>i'l|i. with thr -i'mIi'I's lint lira 1 1 11;: >milh si\t\ ili';;!i'i'S wot ,S. I III W.'i.ilis. t.iiit 1 :■ tliinl of a iiiilc.llir Miiullii'.isl |ioinl of the isl.iml iii'.irin;; smiiii |wi'iii\ two (Ii'-iits weet ■ '..'J W'.i, ilislant two tlnnls of ,i mili', ami thr mniln'.ot |ioiiit mnlli I Wi'nt\ i'i;;lit ili';:ri rs '*eet ( ^' '_'s W., ilistani liM'sixtiis of a iiiiir. 'lln' l.imliii;,' i-^xi'iv roiiuii .imi riiik> , ami I iir propi'i loiiisris lii'lwicn lilt' two mitirinosl lorks awash ami tinn tut w nn olinis of tlii' saiiii' i:har)i< '■ I into a small o|ii'nin;,' mi tlif uurtli .sidt' of tin- rocky lcil;;i' iipmi whicii the scaler's hut is situr.t'.i. 'I ' othi'i l.imliiij; Is on till' iiortti si,l»i of tlic western (loinl of the isiaml, alioiii six liiimlreil yards iiom the I'siicmc wcsiern piiiit..ni'. is mar' > 1>.\ a small shanty on the west siilc of a small break i llie lilntl. lln-, Lmiliii;; i . I'n' i tunes, Imi m Api li. 1 si I, w as as j^ooil as i hat on I lie eaitMiir. ■Tlnie i> iHii .1 ilr 111 of water I. II 111. i.-.l.iml; no ;;rass, liul plenty of [uickly pear {i>iiuntia rul t) Mini sliiiilis. ITJtl !■ r (i I' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 121 ■2.5 140 ■ 2.2 Ui u 12.0 '•2^ III '-^ ly^ < 6" ► /^ ^ •i*^^/ 1 '' *^.^* ■> >J ^ w Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MASN STRUT WIBSTIR.N.V. '«*8r (716)872-4503 ^.V ^><^ 4^ z ^ ■1^ ■? * ' it -^ ^^.) rAiii It i(i\>i I'li.i'r. Thr :....m.ll.lih';ll IM.siIli.M ul ll.r l.l>;llr>t Im.iiiI of tlir 1>1.1ImI. as : . I ,, , X! •.'- •.'0 - lie- ill K;!„uumi..;;''"''^^;i*''''^^^-..'^-..- "•' "- ^' • »"•<= .., :„ni,M •' •■"■"• "l-'l .iiiil liKiii II till' lollovNiiii; IxMiiii^.-. .111.1 .listaii.-.'s t<> proiMiiinit ..l.jr.ls an- ;;iv.mi: r.iM.rM ..I .•.aMMln... N I \^ .l.-ia.,! I'.' i.„l..s. i;.iM.iM .I..I..I \ii.i.:iiu Man.l N «' ^^ .li-l..nl .U.| inilrs. I'.MnI II...1I.1.,.- l.i-lil I....IM- N ■-'■ \^ .li«laMl II, iinl.fi. l'..inl r.im.ii l..>:lil li.MiM. N -It !■■ .Ii-I:inl .RH i.iiI.'h. WiNlirn l«iiiil I'f SjiiilJi t':il;iliii;i Ulatiil N ^'' i ili-taul JlJ mil. « \\i>l |..iiiil .■! S;in fl. 111. III.- Mail. 1 " ■•■• ' • .li->i "III il. i.iil.- K.i-f i...M.t ..I S.iu Ni. ..la- M.iii.l. ^ ■^■> \V .li..l,.iil 'JIJ inil.-^ I'lUcrli llillis liKIlli liKri'l! il.--lr.> w.'St i N. l". \\ i Imiii III.- l-laiid .il S.iiit.l ILiiImm. x.itiMii- ^li.iw..! .1 .1111. PI to !'<• rmiiiiiiu '" «>-' >'> H'.illi U . \>\ N.l al tin' lalc ..| liall' a n li.iiir. I'.pilM'l uain i..iir liiiinlnMl aii.I m\I\ .i;;!!! t lilicm^ <>\<'i -.ilt. iiiii.l.l> li.ili.piii. Ti l.iiilv.'ll ~.i\N thai •Mil Sl.ilia.Ilnrliik.iir- ri'|i I lie cM^tciic. . !. inl>> M \. M Mil. -i >..iitlii'asl tntiii Saiila I'.ailiara Nlaiiil; luit, alllic.ii;;li tlii> i.Iimi \ atimi i- |.|\ ii.fi.iti'i't. all ili'iil't IS ii.>Miiin)\i'.l." Tlii-i piisitiini 1^ 111 III.' iim- l.i'Iwii'ii Santa |!arl>ai.i ami .San ( Icinriitc Islainl. an.l iliis.- « al.'i - liav .• ii.it Ixrii tliciiiin^,'lii.\ mhiimIimI. S i/iMiMii ii,i> lai.l il.iw II llii> i^laiiil an.l naiiiiMl il ; lniI lif lias lai.l il..« ii San Niiolas cl..^. ^)lll■ III II ti> till' wf-tw.inl, an.l .(iiitt- a- ■>inall in .•\tciil n^ Santa j'.ail'aia. In Tfli.iilM.lfs All 1- III ( liail- 111' Ili> Santa I'.arliaia 1-lainl lai.l .liuMi as tw.i small I'.Mili litix the I\M> liill> lia.l lir.n >cin llcnii a ioli;: .listaini-. ISI.\Mi III ANA. \1' \. Tins isl.iiiil IS at till' ca^ti'iii cntiaiici' .■! tlic Santa I'.ail.aia riiaiincl, wlicicit is c.iii' III I'li'Vcn liii!i'> III \Miltli. 1 1 i> lliii^ a .laii;ji I t.i t lu- lia\ l;.Mt i.m .>! tin- I'liiiniiil in I liii'K w t-atli. oili.'. tlir I'liililili;; .'t ill.' Ii;:lit li.iilM aiJ.I )<■;: \\liistl.' .Ill llic iKillll slitirf of tlif cliailllt'l .il llii.'ii. III. V('>^il> .ii.l. .i\ m III Ui'i'li al'ili;: iimlcr that ^linif. riif iNlaii.l !>•. Ill lad. a .11 p. Ill -In Ii'Iiih .1 n.ii inw liai'Ul.mif .M' i hrir r.'.'K.v i>l.in.ls, cxt.i.' .1 li.'.illv I'.lsl linl tli.'.ist ijiiiM I i.ili. tlit'ii litllr lili:;tll ImiIi^; li»c liiilr-.. Tlii' «fsi I'n.l ii| .\ ' I-, a peak nine lniii.lii.l :iii.l i'i;:lit\ tcct in li«'ij;lit, «.lli .i l>a>t' i>l hM'I Iw." nulis li\ ilin-.' n- .il a mil.'. I Ins IS M |i.iiat.'il li.iiii till' nii.l.lli' i-laiiil l>,\ .i ;.a|i ten ti'i-t \« nic, tin ^ui^li w In. ^ I'aii |ias>. The III nil 11.' i.kI.iiiiI. i ismt; in t lircr In null.-. I an.l twiiitv lc«l tlr\ .ili.Hi, is iii.ii 1\ t \> lull;; li> liv I' liiiiiili.-.t \ aiil-> « III.', w hiUt I 111' ca-i. 1 II 1-1,111.1, rising' ti) I W.I linii.li.'.l .iml -i^ I'l. v.ituiii, IS litiii- .i\i'I a mill' liiii^ li\ li\t' liii'iilicd _\ai.l> nwiI.'. TIi.' ;;.i|> -I'li.il.itlii;; tin .111.1 ta.-i.'rii islan.ls l'^ .iM'i t^^.l liiiinlii'.l N.ii'il- \M.I.'. I.iii >.i .'.im|ili'ti'l\ tillcl »itli i.h'U- liii|ia.ssali|i' liir linat-. uhu h cii:, h.iwi-v.i, Ian. I .m th.' li.>ith siilc ..I' th.' i-l.inil. Tlir liiain IS \i»ili|c iliiri> ti\f iiiilcs ilist.ihi: Iml th.' tw.i i-l.t.s Inihi- .-.i.-tw ,ii.| arc \ isililc al t". I lylitfill mills, when tlie\ rise as a le^lil.ll w.lll nf Iieail.V 111111.11111 li.l;;ht anil three mile-. Meue.l Ii1.iiii1m.Ii' i>Ii; Iml w Inn -|...n ,i; an an^le the\ .i|>|ieal ,is ,| lilnkell wall Willi I \t ' -ll;;lltl\ in.'lnii'.l Iii|i- 'I hl> l- lit.'.iu-f Ih.- Iil;;lie-t |i,illii| la. Ii l>le! I- rli»-e t.i I he s.illt li with th.- -Ill face !. k-. lull s.'\ .'lal .'l.ise miller the slnir.'s nt the eastern isl.i.'i.l.-, .n lar;.'e. III. k> i-li'I nn.lei tlir -.nith slmi.- >>( Ih.' iiiaiii i!«laiiil. I h.' i-l.iii.|s all- i'(itii|Mi-.(.<| III e.iat.M', il.ii k't^i.iN s.in.lsl.iiie, \ ei> rolleii aii.l eriiii>l>liii>; -1.1. - .lie |i.'l|i. h.lii iilai I It. nil tw.i liiiii.lie.l ,111.1 lillv In lliiee IiiiimIi .'l ll'.' 1. until. ieek..iu-teili exireliilt.v, haH Ueeli |il.in.'.l. .ui.l the line lit tills ai'M. Ill is III. like. I ,1111111 i| the ll.ilik- .il llie western p.llttil Ih' l-l.lli.l. Ii.>Um!|i-I,Ui.|iii^ 11 1^ elil .in the nmlh -i.l.' li\ -ev.'l.il (|.'i-|. yill.lr— , w illi alllinsl V' M.les, I II 11 mil;: It mil in., -inininl t.. the liliiH. The wlmle Im m.iti.m l- lill.'il with iiii.iimei ,il' ties. ;;iviim it the .i|i|ie,n .in. •■ .if ,ili ennllmiil- lil.n keli. .1 li.iiieN I'linili. I'lie h.iiI is I.Mlse ,li.. lir.n|ii('iiiu' .iiilv il few ilw.nteil -iiecjes ii| ea.'tils .iml ,i thi. k le.ive.l, -ii.'.'iileiit |il.int e.iinmiiii seac.i.isl Ml i\\\, Kiii.U |...',ililies, .s,-,ii.-,.l\ ,i .||.i|i ii| wider m to lie t.nili.l .Ml the Islaiiil. f. ii r.s. , iiii'i .1 r\lfl,. •I A w liii !i II l\ lu ikI -, llllllll I Wfl liilrH , III tvi. olltli 'll>lll>' >llllll^ iimI iIk h.'.'II • >l tl» iin«.| V I 'i,ii.:' St' ,11, 'I iiiiiinii ml. '4 I .1^ w i 1*1 iiy ■ 't ^> ! i ! 1 .1 t 1 ltd 1 t n y m 1 ■" i ■ ^^fss:'*!:!^^'^'^'^'^^' ■'V'"-^?^*. r»i?jr^:^? mms^^^^^^^^MMuj^ . d^:^.-c^ r--- Anil K.'ik. S. i K. .■'niilHN Anacapa IhUikI, height, 'J;Ui (mt :^"^ The r.aj.t.rii fxlrpiiuty cf Aiiarui)B Nlmiil, iiHsmi fr..ni tln> .^oiilhward. jl*:!) I*s- '\ * I \ \ I.; * H I : I i''! k s! Ill H'l,' ^1 11 N V :« ■*ln^ i H'l ^^ ■;iiit;i ( ru/ lul.'iliil. Aii:ic:ip:i NV tS ■,><'■ tin lf«. .-.^r,** -.-J^.' ^'^^^r^^','^-' r..iiil Mn;;ii NW. li\ W i W ' '.| iiiil.-». »»■}*»»«*», :m;sV-«*SK''^ »»«»•— >.uil.> Mi'iiii :i Mi'iuil.ilii''. I'lim lirl lrt;li i/' ■ \\fLl L /' -% X-v "^-W-C^-'-A : 7' i r..i;,i Muun, NW l.v \V i W 7 null- Wlillr Cllll l.a.1 \ IVak, !,:.« I.I f ) Ti i 1^ t i- I I'At IIIC CciA".! I'll. 111'. y,', Till' ciiMtcrii fiiii lit' IIm' •luiiii is kiiowti as tln' .1 >< h /i'<>, /.. Ii i> a Imlil, im k\ |Mijiit, luit, \> Inn ' I'Wi'il ri'Diii iiiit'tli or Moiilli, a|i|i<'.irs |o |ia\i- a ;;<'iilli' >lii|ir riuiii tlir tii|i ni Ihi.s pail ol llit- i>laiiil :i\t.\ tt'i't .iliiixc llir M'a I lo llic watt'i. A III lli' laii lialT w a\ ilnw n tlii> .>|ii|ii- :! I'll' is a III 1 1. II I rli'll in tlir Wall, iiiaKlii;: Aiili li'mk .in islrl. w illi ;i lii::li, liiu.iil, .iiiii m-|'\ ri';:iilai' .11 li tliiiiiiuli il iK'in iM'illi III Miiilli, and \ i^ililc al ,i ll.^talll r nl i ij^lil m nini' iiiili'>. .Iii.>t soiilli nl' \ I' la.sli'iti I'liii <>t tilt' III! k i.» an i.'-Klali'il. Iii^li, I iM a III II 1. 1 1 loiK, \s ilh .si'Mmi .iihI a lialT I'alliiiiiis iil' vi.ili llMilr ol i( (»t'C .sk'Iclll. .\ ilrplli III Irli lallinlhs j> rnilliil ilii^r i,\\ tin- cast ami Morlll slilfs < ' .\l> Il liiii'k, Jlirlt'aMIl;: III I VM'lit.V 11 M' 1. 1 1 III III IS, w nil liirk\ ImiIIhIii, SMI Inn lialt a liiilr t< tlir III Hill .liiil Ih till' sixitli, \\|ill>t ini'^^lllai, |nrk> liiilt Is Inllliil In llii' rasluaiil, WJlll l\M-|ll> ratliiiiiis at j .lit .1 null' ill- nit tills |.ii||lt. llniiii'tlii'i'liii. — 'I'lir ili'|>lli 111 walil aiiiilliil llir i>-l.il.i| i> ninilrl alil\ ;^:iat. Tlir t'iill\ latlinlii I III M' l.i'.s ,1 1 II II 1 1 a li.ilr I'll I III' r.isti'i II |mi t nl llir iiiii I II >iili' iif t III' I >l. 1 1 ill. ,i|i|i| iiai'lilli;; I In- wis! I III |iail 111 llir linltll slili': ainl |i!'nlMli|\ lilt' s. IIIII' ;:i'lii'ial illsl. IIIII' ami 'lijilll is Inlinil nit llir -' III til sill ire. In tlir .\nara|ia r,is>,i;.:i' ,it tlir ui'>| iml nl thr islam I t lir ilrjitli \ ariis Imni t wini \ it l.illiiiiii'^ iiiiini'iii.iti l\ .11 II |inllil In tlilltv l.ill|nMi-< III mill I'liaiiiii'l. Uil ilii- lasti'i II |iiiint I III' I II lit nil I i|lii|is III nlii' 1 1 II ml 1 11 1 l.ltlinllis III I Wli null's. I ill' ||\ il|n^la|i|i\ lias Mill lii'i'll l'ulll|i|t'll'll I !l till- SI III III slim I' ; I lilt I III' I III III, it lulls all' lll.lt till' t lili r lillliilltil ainl Inlll' lililiillt'.~\ riilli|iart lillt liailnu lirlil 111' ki'lp rMrlnls iiiiilii tin- sniitlnrii siili' iit' tlir islailil tti litliin hall a null' nl I'ai'li i'Xtlrliiit,\ . >Mtli nlii' liirak ablrasi llir uisti'iii Imat |ias.sa;:i'. On tlic I niili siili' nl' till' isl.iiiii lilt' kflp I'XtriiiU liiiiii llir XM'sti in i.xi. iiiit\ In hall a null- laslwaiil nl' ;lii' ursli'iii liii.it passil;;t'. tliilt'li> ;.'l\lliu suinr pmlri I inn til II. Oil till' niulhwi'st lari' nl llii' iiiiijillt' i.hU'I lit- tliit'i' t'Xti'ii.sivt' pati'lii'.s nt' kflp, wlinli ;.'i\r pinti'ftinii 111 till' aiirliniaj:!' iimlir I lll'lll. . I III /ill) III/)'. — jiiilil » .itiT IS t'liliml ainliml tlir Isl.linl up tn tin' i'il;:i' nt' tlir ki'lp. Till' lii'st .ilirliiila;ji' IS mil' i|Uarli'r III' ,1 lllllf Imlth nl tin' IIihIiIIi' nl till- liuililli' rsl.iml in iIi'MII nl turhn l.itlinllis nl «ati'l, lii'twirli t«ii l.il;;r p.itilns nl krip. Willi tlir I'asliin p,l.ssa;;i' Jlisl npi'li. l'"liilii Ills all! Iinla^i' t lull' l> liiial lamiiii;; '\iii'' In thr sniilli-MMilliwrst (.-s.SW Tlirlr air ^rii iill('/iii»(((/(.|| nil thr snlllli snli'. (.m. Ins lirl unli Ihr ni.llll linils 111' ki'lp ami I {i.iti II a lltilr n\t'l a i|nalli'l' nt' a Ilillr sniil li siiiitlivw si .n.SW .) Iinin ilii- linat p,is,s,i;^i' lirlvsi'i'ii I lir hlilillr ami Wrstl'Ml isli'ts, in rlrMII l.ltlinlii.s III W.ili'l'. 'Ihr iithi'l' Is III I Wi'h I' l.il linliis, alinllt a |ii.ii In nf a nil lirt r snlll lir.l.sl li\ .i;. I'S .^. I S., Iinlii Ihr llilihllr nl thr |.,ls.s,i;;i' lirlwri'li thr nuilijlr ,linl rastrin Islrt.s. Thrlr air linat hlllilillLis nil thr Iinllll siilr nt the Wistrin ami raNinn rxtlrliutlrs nl' llir Isl.iml. I.iniil/iill, — W lirii M'.sM'l.s art- rin.ssin;; Santa .Mmura l'>a> trmn llir rasiward tln-.v ran not .tro A II. II a pa lirt'ori' Santa < IIU risrs aliii\ r thr hni i/n|i, ,i> t wn la in I islrl.s air .sirli w lirli thr \ rs.srl is liiiitrrn mill's \vi'st»aiill.\ linin I'nini Niiirriitr. At luiirtii ii iiiilis liniii i'liiiit Viiii'i'iitr, Anarapii IS .M'i'ii aN a Mark sprrk jiist iiiil.snlf thr app.iii nl nnithri ii rxlitniilN ot Santa (in/ anil lira i in;; "I'st. ilistaiii lliiits two inilt's. At twriil.\ niiir iiiiirs timii I'nini \ inrriitr ami twriit\tW() tiiiiis Aiiarapa Isl.iinl, tin- hitler is |iiiijri'tt'ti on Saiil.i < in/ lulnw thr niithnr ami lui wrr n thr iippairiit iKirth piiint III S,iiita t'lii/ ami tin- lii^hr.st pr.tk, wliilr thr taint until il' Santa Itnsa Islaiiil )iiiiiiis lip on thr appaii'iit sniilli pinnl of '"s.iiil.i ( 'i ii/, ami u hrii nll.Mnlillr I'niiit ami Aiiarapa l-l.llnl Is ilislaiit IWi'hr nulls, it shows rlrar nl thr laslrlli pnilll nl .s^aiila Cm/. Thr ^'t'o;;iaphii'al posilimi nt .Vnli Itork, .il ihr i',islriii nnl nl An.irapa islami, is: l.atitiiili'. I.iiii)!itiiilr 1 1| . ih t mil :>l i;l,.sl I'l.iiit II t'liiiil Diiiiii' I'oillt lllll'lll'llll' l.l^lll lllll San lliii'iiavi'iiiiiia Wharl' Siiiitii llitrliara LIkIiiIiiiii I'lihit Ciiin riuinii Liiilt In la I'i.iil'ara Mainl. .s. 11 i; . ilistaiil :>!'•' Miilr i;.. ili~taiil "( mill's l»l- N •.". ' 1". . N. : W.. .sr N ,. w.. 1) . ili>laiil '.'- iiiili'.s. ilistaiil 11 Iiillrs. ilisiaiit t.'ii iiiili'H. ilislaiit '.".ij iiiili'.s. N -11 \V.. il,-ilaiil 11-.' mill's. Thr I'haiiiir! lirtwrt'ii Aiiat'iii-a ami Santa Cm/. Islamls, known a.s tlio Aiiat'iipa ras.sapo, is ilr.siriliril nil pJI^Jf !I.S. !l i I J( ' n 'ii5i ^1 I \i im I insi rii.di I I Till' Sii|>rllliltli«lt III ..I llir I S < .i.isi .111.1 «;( 11.1. Ill Siii\r_\ liii> K'l'iiliiliii'liilnl llii m, a IikIiI lii'iiM' .tiiil >l(Min 1.1- wliiNjIr ..II III. imnI. Ill cMriiiiils i>l llic i>l.iiiil. Ali.li IIM x«.i-> .1 ;:!■ 'II ir^i'lt III! till' mmI. ^r.l lloli. 'till! »' I i'li'|ili.ilil, .lliil till ll\ I'll III. lull lllMll.\ .ill ll IM' III I II Ullli'il I'll, liiil llii' »• I I li'j'liilil " I \liiirt. Il «,!> .Ill !lll> InI.iiiiI lli.ll 111!' >lr.illiNlil|i lliiirt././ .N. ..(/ l.ill U.xlltiH' lilll IIIK .1 ill liM' In;; i m;;lil, niiiliiliil '.'. IVi'i, III t.iliii \M illii'l. riif \r>Mi W.I- •.tr.illiinu .il lull N|it'ii|,,tiii| tiiii I.. anil il|i"ll till' liirk'" «llli »iii 11 l"li'' lli.ll »ll«' li-llKlllHil l.fl 1'.^ till' I'liw lllilll lira\> wimIIhi lirl ii|i. riii- nililM' III llii' >li.illirl ll.iil ImtIi l.ikril Unlii I'l-llll « nlln |m Inn. ImiI WiiIiiiIII .i rij-i- III Ilir rinii III-. Twn IiiiiiIU'iI .tlni lill> |Ml.unl i l>:lll tl.lVN, .llnl «. cili'.l li> llir .-Ir.lin^.lilp I'liliti'tiiiil. 'I'lif l'>lanil w.i> (liHiiiMli'il ii\ r.ilnillii in IMJ. Imt In' -Inl iml iiatiir il. In It.nj \ |i|.iici| It nil Ins cliait. Imt rnin|i.ii.itiM'l\ ton l.ir;;<'. Ilr ii aiiinl it l>la lir «Mnlr li.ii li.nl.i. l»oii .liiaii I'l'ii'/. in 1 77 I. nainiil tlii> tlir iiH'k\ i-Irt nl S.inin rnin.i.s, Imt it l'^ nnl |i|.i tlir * .iita lii'in i.il III I7'.M. \ .iin'.iiiM-i. Ill III- n. III. liar, i ail- 'In- i-l anil 1'. -imimIi. .mil ir|i( ..lci|l> nirnlinii". it |. ii.iiiif; lull ii|>.iii llic iliaii nl 111- -iii\i'> .mil r\|.lni.il inn- Il I- in^:i.iMil I an i.iimIi. win. ;;i\ili IIM' til i'\i'l\ \.ilirl> III i.|ii'lll|i;;. Olii hull. Hi- |il nnnlllii r It \'.\ «■ all jia^li , w it |i , .-I inn;: ynltiii.il inlnii.iiinii !>» iii A I li.iit nl .\n.ira|ia ami llif iM.-tiin iihI oI S.iiita i'lw/ wa- |mlili-liril li> tin' <'na-I .Sin Kti't, aiiil .1 |>ii'liiiiinal \ niaji. -ImwiM;: il- irl.itii'ii In tlir iii.iiii l.linl. m IVii. ^liirr llicii III. ' lililr I h.ilt nl llii' S. Ill 1. 1 1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1 a t 1 1.1 n In! Ii.i- In in |mlili-liril I ■^■•»- . I III I-l \M' "I - \N 1 \ I lit /. 'I'lll- I-I.1ImI I- llli' l.ll;:r-l nl tlir S.lllt.i r.tlli.U.I ( li.illlirl ;:tiill|'. llnl III'- liln.lil nl) lli' aliDM-i llir tnwiint S.mt.i 11,11 li.iia. .It ,1 ili-t.inii lit twi'litv mii' inilrs. Its ^inii.il iliii. ' I'a.Ht ami west, wiili a Irii^tli nt' iwi-ntv niii' null-- ai'il an aM'ia;:i- wiilih nl Iniii nnlrs. wl, ' fStilll.'l It- -linli' lllir l> mil lr--lli.in MM\ llllli--. Il-i.l-lilli |..ll I I- i'\ 1 1 rllirix II I i-;:ill.il ifii. ami ill -1 1 1 nil' nt walri . ami I In- -ni lai r nt t In- I mi tin .isin n |i.it t is tliirkl.v stii-w ii w iili < aii;:nial |ilri'<-s n| stnlii', lilnUi'll a.- It' Ultii a liliiilncl. .SiM-ial s|ii'rii's nl' r.li'llls ami Millii' ' I'oaiNf );i,i--r.- tlniii i-li. 'I'lll' -linli- nl till i.-iainl .Mr I'll till- liiii-T |i.ilt ^^l.^ linM .llnl |.l);;:i'il, rxlillilllll;: rnai-i. ' < ^ra> -,iliii-Inlir. Il lllnliiili;; ami mltiii. like lli.il ,il \ii.ir.i|i.i I In- -iliiiliilt ut t In- i.lnli'l n ii.'.nl a rln.ss llii;'i' inimiii;; nnltliwi-«t li\ wi-l NW'.nv \\ . .iml l\lli;: tlllC'' lllllr- llnlll tin- I |iii||lt. Till' I'll \ ilmli nt till' lii^iii'-l |i,ill III tills iii'.nl I- lllti'i'li inilnllril .iml twilltv liil. \isllili' trnlii ,1 ill-l.im r nf I'lIlN null'-. Tin' i-.l-Ii-lli I'Mli'liulV nt tlii'i-iiml Is II. lllilll .N./, y'"Mir, ami 111'- Imil liiilrswi-sl tinin .\n,n.i|i.i. Ii i- .i rnliiii,ilati\ iIn Inw lalilc, » it li iln |. Il II anil I'la-I I .ml mi t li l-lnsf limli'l It. .llnl till' ani-||iil.l'_'r- nt .S||ill;;;:li'l - ('.i\. .ili tin- -nil It 1- 111 l.ililiiili' W I'l "i". nnl III .imllnn;;itiii|i' 1 I'l ;i I'. \m -t. Tin' I »i\ il'- I'l-.ik i- lii I :{( III ;'• iimtii .imi lnn;:itiiiii' 1 1'.) I7 »i ur-i 'I'wn ami t wn liiiril- in i Irs wi'-i li\ iiiii'ili ii.iit iini I II W I'N N. A N. I tinin .San I'lilin I'., i lii;;ll, I'li'Uv |..iiiit li.iimil ('■H'ln I'fnil. I imii tin trails* i-i -I' i-astiiii inlyr aimtln-r inn- iicailx r.ist .mil wrst tliii>ii;:li tin- a\i- ii.innw p.iit 111' tin- i-lainl, \i-i\ iii-a.l\ In llir iiinlilli': .mil ilirn tin- iwn ;:n'.it rnl^i'.s, niii' linltll -jlll' .111.1 nlli' nil till' -..lllll -Jill', mil l.l till- Wi'-ll Ml I'll. I nl llll- l-l.imi. /»iii///ii /'•.(»/— lllilll I'lisnni'i- II, lllilll In tin- wrst llnl 111 I In- isl.iiiii I In' slinic iilK' 1^ i a lar^i- niiiiilii-i' nt I'.iii.nla-. wmii ilnwn tliinii;:li tin- lii;:li iiinniii.iin it, inks. Im twci'ii till' ' an- till- Iran-M'i'M- ri.i;;rs, wlm li luiin ,i- iii.iii\ Imiil, In^li |iniiii-, Imt imiir |iiiiiiiiiiriill\ Imi the m-ln-l.ll I'lll \ I' .if I ill' si ml I' l'\.'. |it I »l,tli|.i rnint. " illril rnlllrs llnW li .is t W n lll^ll l'li|;;t's a I nut lii'ail.N li.ilt .1 null' lirvnini tlir nllni-. Il i- -ilii.iliii nun- .m I tiiiri' i|ii,illrls iiiiics mui! i-lilv ,st-\ I'll ,iliil a li.iir i|i';;ii-rs wt-sl S. 7iA \N . i limn < ^iv n ii I '..int. .llnl rl;;lil Inili.s iini I li ■ Iniir ilt';;li'i's i',i-l N.Sl 1 !. riniii W I'sl I'. nut. I In i .• i- \ i i i II Watrl rinst- llliili'l It. 11 (v' /'".;./, iml I'l'i-.n I'i'int. — Till' imi I liwrsti-i II I \1 n mil \ nl I In- Isl.iinl |s I lir .iln iipl tiimi II, it inn III till- |ilr\ inll-l,\ imiil miiiil lll;:ii I nUi' I II 11 111 11^ lii'.il . .mil j.ai.lllrl w ll h. tin- mn i ini li ,1111 1 ;:l,iilii,i!l> llll iia-iii;: li niii t w .lit \ t.nii II II mil I'll ,mi| nmi' trit, w Ini-li i- tin- i>li'\ ,itinii nl < /''((/,. till- iil;;iir-l linlul mi lln- i-laiiil. In s. \ in iiiimlii-.l ,imi t\M'iit\ li'it. Tin- iil;;lii'sl \" J list \ 1-1 1 ill- ,il)ii\ !• till' Iml I /111 I till \ tl\ r mill's III III I si',iw ,iiii. Tills imi't II wi'Sti'i II r,i|ii' incsclil- ''"' tint iinitliMi-st till- aiiiM-araiifi- nl Iwn tt-irar«-s, 'I'ln' Inwi-r mn- is Init^ |ci-| aliii\«' tin' sea, ami "••'' i I i f \, [vH it 1] '»H Mm- 111 I iilii' U i: I j irf^' a ,.:?^- Smits Koita Isliniil. SsiiU t'ruz Inlanil. Anacapa Island. W. by 8., '.46 mileii. . I-—-- Santa Kdhii ifint. Its •..mtliern aiiule lies almiit a am) I lialt southward of West roini. and is astward ami soiithwaid of the latter is a sni; lirojrci inu |i .1 ||t ealled l-'inur I'niiit. To q> tlie ( Aiiclioia^re, t It fiirmiii'' l'oiiie\'s ('o\e or Northwest lse« liei>> deserilied. I'm 111 I'raziT I'imiiI the faithest part of the lnnai! sou III west shore of t lie island hears southeast ,1 distant tl\e Tiiid a half miles, with a deep lii;:lit of mailv two miles lietweeii, upon which lis the Canada ("er\ ada. W I'st I'uiiit is in l.itilnde .'A Oi L',"> north, and loii;,'itiide 1 1'.i .-|.">' (Ml ' west. rill' soiitheiii slioie dl' the l>land has much the same ;.'eiieial chai.n'Ierislics as the nortlierii, "West siiiithuest and east northeast i\i I pi that II IS mil so ininli indented, lis pnmipal direrli •-ixlcen miles. 'I'lie main rid;:e recedes iVciiii llie ciia-.! touinls the soul li u t'slerii |)ait of the ml, and thus the arroN o> comiii;,' iipnii the coast linr are Inn^^cr and peili.ips deeper. This sonth- iid;:e has two hiuh jioints III ils leiiylh: l>'ai;;^ed Moiiiitaiii. t liirleeii hiiiidred ami tliiilviiiu^ !'' 1">' mil 111, and hm-ilmle 111' !'•' 17" west; ,iml « eiitei- .Mountain, ."I'.f .;il" mirlli.and loii<'itiide llir J.V I.. I hi;;li, in latitude .'l ihiitieii hundred and se\enlysi\ I'eel lii^li, in laiiimli II uesl. 'I'lie sontliein shoreline has niaii\ hi;;h, jneeipitniis heads. Init mnie picijectin;; very pnuni- iieiitl\ nnt>ide the general trend. I'lieic ;iie ,i feu >mill imleiiiat ions iliai allord a!ieliora;;es for siii.ill ciatl. (til the uisteiii pai t of llii^ sniilh >liii|e lie^ (iilll 1 s|;iiid, I he old \ leal (lankier aroUIld llie island, elseu here de>ci llied. When a vessel i> niV roiiil I. a:; ilia on the mainland llie eastern end ol Santa ("in/ Island iHS w liile 111 I he Iliiiinili;; li;;lil. I'he lliiili-iiiinijilni — The island is a ureal lamli nai U 111 com ill;; trom the southward, and has held water close under its shores. 'I'lieie are no (iiill\iiiL; dan],'ers exci'pt llie (lull Island patch iisidcr the soul hern slioic Ileal the S.inia Cm,' t ha unci. The lu n hundred fal liom line is oiil\ two d a hall miles tiniii the south sale uf the island uilli a liottom of rreeli s.iml. 'Meeli in ml. and u >e ;;ia\el. The tiH\ tatlinlil line a\era;.'es iine .Hid a half miles Irom shore o\ el' line ;;ra\ sand I lid lirokeii shells. I'liil cl(i>e under (lull i>l.ind. u it Inn los t lan a mili'. is ,i deep .s iiliiiiiiriiii rii llrji c.iir.Mii;^ four hiindreil ,»ml thirty lath s.nid icichiiiu into the Santa ( rii/ ('liannel parallel witii llie southwest shore uf the isiaml.with over one hnmlied fathoms. In this deep vallcv appeals a lili\ f.illiom liiliK one .ind .1 half mlle^ s.n nil liiim (lull Ulaiid. ( In the noitli side oi ihe i^l; iml the lilt\ I illiom 111 i\e axer.im's two and a hall miles fioe le, and Ihe one hundred f.iiliiin 1 cm \ c ,1 liiiiii il 1 1 1'f IN lie A' //(.-Tliere is less kelp aioiiii 1 litis l.ii_'c inland ih iii imiiml aii\ of the others. Tlie recent cliail of Santa liailiara t 'haniiel. piilili>lied li\ llieCii-l .iml ( leodetic Siiiv ev. ;;ives its details, "liii II arc not ea>il\ loc;ili/cd in descnptiiin. e\ccpi il lends iitl Ihe sonthwest part of Ihe islan,! tnr one 1 i.;er lields. .\ iiinilci ,i|(l\ lary:e (ield ex- Ill le. Ill include (lull I si. I ml. w illi deep water, III I cell to twenty tl\e la I hums, eh ise around it. I'lnv iiiU ilie mn ihuesi ihis field narrows to a eloso in^liiiic line III Kelp .iioiiml the sninhwest ;ind uesl >ii|e-; of the island lor nine miles to I'oriiey.s ('i'\e nmlei I'raser I'mnl. At the na unwell p.nt hI the S. ml a Cm/ Channel a line li'oin this kelp slielches out t «ii Mill lis I if a mile, em In aci 11;; lunkeii I ml loin In six .1111 1 a li.ilf falhoms. I'"iir seven lis c.isluard of Ihe (iiill Island palcli II no kelp Ian lull at Willcv .\iieliiirai:e a II. mow liiirder lie^iiis and eonlinues tu the suiillieasl point ol the island, iiicieasin;; in width to lliiee ipiailers 111 a mile oil iheSli.iw Audi ti'liiiins. Ii ends ,i| 1 le siiiilhei II pill 111 .SmnjL;l Hid lioidi led li\ depllis ol from twenty to nine eis ( 'ii\c. sc\ ell miles frniii X'allcv .\ iicliiirai'e ; I'lii al the norlhi'iii eiii i.ince iit thai cii\e. and thence one mile to and amnnd the eastei n end of liie isl.iml |,,r two miles, a narrow line of kelp skirls the shore, with lilleeii to twenty live fallnans Ip 111 il. .Vlon^ the w lii.le nm lliei II sllilll llie ki'lp line Is linikeii up in short strelches very use iiishoie, ,tlid lioidered hy depths uf In Mil ten to I went, \ falhoms of walel />. mills. - No hidden daii;.'eis have lieen de\eliipcd umlei I hi' north shore, .mil only one iinde the .soiiili shiiie, known as Cull Island. <»'((// /v/<(H(/._'|'|||s d.ni^er IS a sin ill clii-tei ul .niih iiiu islets, line ipiarter of a mile in extent, .Mil;; Ileal l\ I hiee ipiaiters of a mile Irniii sleu e. smii h of llie soul hcnimost part of Ihe island, i f% n \'V >t^lJkt MG rACIKIC ('(lAM Pll.oT. f<)urf«>oti iiiilos west soiitlnvcst (\VS\V.) tViun Sliaw Aiitli(ir:i),'t' niitl tliri'o mill's from tin soiii' imiiit. Tlir l.ir.:,'i>t ami diitri iiii'>i dl' tlii'M' Kiikv i>li'ls i.s kimwii .i>(iiil| iNlaiiil ami ilsoii lii'ifjlit aiioM' till' SCI IS (iiu- liiiiulrcil ami lil'l\ Ict't. The };('(i;;raiilii('al pusitioii nf tlir siuitlnvcst smiimit ol' (iiill Iniaml i.s: l,;iiiiii,l,' Xt :>!• :,l north. l.m-itM.lr II'.' r.t .11, »,.»(. A lii'lii "f Utlii foiiiinj.' armimi tin- .soiitliwt-st |ii;iiit of tlir islaml ^.Tatliiallv stn trlirs olV until it siiirixiiiils (iiill Ulaiul, riidiii;: unr inilc t>i tlu> •'a>t\« anl of it. l-'oiil Itnitom is Imi; lut'tlialfly siirromidiii;; iln' visihU' lurUs, ami lu'lwnn tlifin ami tiu'slioic fnnii »'i;.'ht to llii' a (|iiaitt'r t.iilioms an- laiil tlowii. «>iii.-iili' oldnl! I.^iaml the wali-r iit'i'|M'ii.s ia|i)ill\ lot <'i;.'lit I'atlioiiis in less than half a niih'. ami in tine mile In licivMrii two hiimlifil ami thtfr Im l.illicms. lu'iii;.' pait of the nariow siiiimi.iinr valley lU'sciiiird alioxc, which makes in ii. sniillieastwaril alnii^' the siiiilli«est slidfe of Santa ('in/ Island. Ihuhdis iiinl AiK hindfiis. — The shores of the island ali' imleiited li.v sevelal small Im- nniiieiniis litiie coves, w hicli .illoid aiichora^'e to sm.dl ciatt Ii.idiii;; oi seekiii;.' slieltei- from - winds. I'risi'iiiis lliirlhii, — On the iioitheiii shore of the isl.md. and lie;;innin;.' just east of lln' of it. the nIiuic makes a niodi"atcl,\ dee|i curve to the soiitliv\aid and eastward, and then - ' iciiiml to the iioitlnNard for Ivo mih's under the oaslein IichI, foimiii;.' .1 Inoad, o|ien hlhI The leiifrlh of this lii^iit i> ,il ,iiit loin and .1 h.ilf miles and its depili i \\ o miles. l-'oimeiK ■ all called riisoiieis llarlioi. Imt this name is now restricted to one anchora;ie only, as theif .in other .iiiciioia;;es in it. The li|;;hl is hioad o|ven to the noilli. and the ea-terii and \ves\. '" ; , inj; sides ale \ er\ hif;li ,iiid rii;^;:cil a-- well .is t he ;,Me.it 1 id;.'e on the south. 'I'he son ml in u- a|i|t shore over a liottom of tin. : sand. mud. and luoken -liclN. The loitv fathom curve lie fiom one-half to one mile oil ami ten latlioms can Iw ciiried close in shore, I he kelp ev'emis to the de|itli of tweii' fathoms immediatelv otV I*risoner-< Ilaihoi .nid no Indden dan.ers have Iteeii dcvelojied in 1; The v.iiid lieach has small trees or shrill's 1 Ma l\ a , with pine trees on t he vNcstern side . harbor, and iion-- to the eastv\ard. The anchora;.'e I it's in the south west em an;;le of this luo.id bi;;ht ami has a liehl ot' kc ' ami a half miles Ion;.' diiectlv in front of it, ami reachiii;; half a mile outside the deepest p the cove. It is ei;;lit miles fiom the e.isterii point of the island, and in apploacliin;; the .n a;.'i' lioiii a disi.iiice it cm be maile bv steeiiii;,' for the lowest point in the rid) " of liilN tiavcises the i^l.iiid lioiii iMst to west. .Viiclior on the i.in^e o( the wliail and , lie cotta-' abre.ist of the lar;.:e \vhl!e lock on the West side of the bi;:ht in ten to lifteeli fatlioilis; boltniii. .\ biiov lie-, nil I lii' end ot the wliaif Willi moo|in;.'s suitable lor sclnxMicrs 01 ste.iimis. Ihe ancli(ua;,'e i> .111 evcelleiit lelii'.'e in southeast weather, .ind lor inodi'iate w- weathei, Imt there IS no pioie4'tioii litmi thehcivv swell setting in « it h a stroii;; iioilhwe-' is (lan;;erou^ in a noithca-t w md w Inch, howev ei, is i.iie. The depth of w.iler at the end wharf is between lllleen and siMecii leef. I'loiii I'risomis Harbor the Santa It.iibara Li^'lit bears mnlh twenty one de;,'rees west W.I. distant tweiiiv one miles. The Point llneiieine Lixht bears north fifty nine de;.Mees east I N. ,">!» ]■].), distant fweni ami three , as the one ami one » of Piisofieis Ilaiboi, i^, a lamlm;; known as t'hine.se lliiil-oi three fathom line i, 1 lei.iielv well out and there are ro.'ks within that depth. It is ivp. Iw a kihmI southeast lee, and has (resh water three i|uarters of a mile to tlie eastward. A ill the ma.ss of kelp in live or live and a half fathoms, Cochie Point will bear north tttem degrees east iN. 2'.» W... distant two mi'cs. ■soli 1 .. . M s IdiiikI .;,! 1 Q It tlilir .ilhl III l\\rllt\ Cf IiuihIimI III rioMl llir ill lMX.,,r.| tVdIll »'lii|i„' •th.'; i liu'ii - ^■ 1 lo.iii . IH'llv It ",l» inr ;llc ttt" ,S\, ■•! M.lll- (lin:;- •s (ill ■ (if till. J- loot! tVMMl' 'il III i: .'i 1 Slllc r! ":• m % of kril ff^ •|)rst |i.l!t 1 ! till' ail' li"i r lulls uii.i' I'll! I:l;;i-. .ili'l lOllls ; ^ i!;' ' V ITS ul ■ ■atr U" ' J;.-'ii ■tliwi-' (' Clltl h' ' M I SoiittiPBHt ««i .Ml.!, sw.in \v. I \V .:i:tiiiil.-n. il ■ f 1 M:|, !tf !» iJ 1, ( <',' ill 1 lit .•««i S-^ -. jL -?r , ^ -'- aula Cruz Inland, 8E.. 2 miles. 1:1IJ< VACiric r'uAST I'll.iiT. 87 I'lliiiin /?rti/is at llu' wcstfriiiiiosf part »( Ihc rii^Mnnis IIhIhh liit;lil, ami oim' anil oiif-c>i;;litli llllIC-* llil illivM'st liv west (NW. Ii\ W.) I'niin rii^ciiris HmiIh.i. V M' wrstciii tail of till- ki'lp lii'lil nt iTiiluH lien'. Tlif ••live IS a very small imlfiitalioii ot tlic In^li >Imiii'. anil it is an i»lK'n roail- I III. Amlior In krlp in si\ tatlmms. 7'i//'C r.irc, live anil a liall' mill's nnrtli si\|y ili';;ii'rs last iN. fin l'..^ fioin I'lisnmrs Marl >i»r. I- .1 >iiii;i Iittli- aiirlioia;;!' Ii>i small rialt rxri-pt in iiiirlh\M'>t wimN. || hrs on tin- nortliwcst ^Ihur of tliorastiTii lii-ail, ami aliKiit hall' way lii'l wiin ('mliif roim amlCaMin i'nint. Snrjiiiiii Hiirhor t)r Hunt Hiiil Am liiiiiiijr \s ;\u it\n'\\ luailstrail twi) liiili'S wrsi of tin- iMSti'ltl 1 1 'I <>l till' islam! ami tliti>i> ipiaiti-rs of a inili> i-ast nl favnn rmiit. Tins aiic!!ora;.'i' lii's nlV tin- mmitli nf a sliai;;lit, dii p ciimiii nprniiiy; ti> tin- noi'llii'ast on tlii> ii.iilli tare .if tin' fastrrii lirail of tin- islaml. Two lorks. |ii I to ili,' cast wild, mark tin' loralit.v. Till- r.iiMin siTVi's to mark tin' plan' from a ilistanri', as ii is t||.' lii^t lirrak in a loiiu' lini' of rlilVs n lilill rvlrml siiiltllW rsl waiil fur si'Vrial miles low aids I'lisciiiris llallioi. ( >iir i|ll,ilii'r of a mill' >l»aid till' land Jilts out in a lioid piuinniitoiN wliirli riiiiii>tlir iialiii d slifltri ol this a lirlior- a;.'!' a;,MHist nortliwi'st winds. ( )iii' ipiai tri of a tiiili- !■! thr caslw aid and tu n liiiinlird varilsolV simrr I lii'ii' is a lai';;i' and »i'll niiikrd i>li't. Uuiiinl K'nck, wliiili is .-maliii and aliont tlir sami' di-iaiicf liom siniri'. is in plain si;,'li! in tin- aiirlinia^i'. Kifp to tin- wrsiwaid of it in rntnin;; iiid li'a\ in;:, and aiii'liiM' to till' iioi III wfst iif it in li\i'liisi\ latlioms, oM-r sands liottom. WatiT r.iii III' had from a widl nrar a house In ilir ranmi. Tlii'ii' is no shrlti'r from this ainhuraur Kiiind t he !■ i^-t pdiiil of t lie i>laiid to Siiiii;.'L;lrl's ( 'ovc. Tlifi'i' air s('\ i-r.il olhi'i shrlti'fs, moii- or Irss iisctiil tor sin. ill la aft, on tin- iioi tli sidi- of tin' i-laiid to till' wi'st ward of I'lisinu'is llarlior ainl rrlii.iii liax. 'I'lir pi iinijial nf thi'sr shrlti'is an- : TiiiLir lliirlmr, two miirs wrst of I'lisomMs llailidi: ;;immI fur small rraft, I'MTjit in north «iiiils. \ hi;;li I id;;i' I'oinrs down nil its wrst sidiwillia i mk nil i jjc jiiulipnint. A |iatrli of Inlp rinse in slioti- intis hi'iiri' oni' inili- wrst to I'l.ills llailmi, I'lilth llinhnr. ihri'i' miles \\es| of I'risoliers llailmr. a rallni l,ll;:f iii\e «illi rneks nif the ra-I head, 'riiete is kelp to iheeast and west. It is a sniitlie.isl lee. and has Iresli water. I'nl alloiils ;,'ooii aneliniaL;e lot small ei.ilt in .ill winds exiept lioni llie iiortli- ,\ hiiiii liniiliini. niie and a half miles uestu.ud nt Ihaldn I'nint. I'liere are several atii'liora;:es on the sniilli side nl the Island.;; I fnr si all eralt diiriiifj linl III west weather, and the.\ ate Ineati'il as tnllnw s. Iieuilililli;: .It the eastel n end : .Vv(i/i/(//j /.s f Vic/ . - This aiiehnia^e lies one and one ipiai ti r miles sniiihwist (."sNN'. from the I'.lsti'l lilliosi point ot iheisl.ind. It is a Innad npeiuii;; nl live el letreats one ipiarter of a mile, tniinii lar-i ;liilis nt a mile \\ heie the shore .pell lii-ht with sand lieacli. The i»elp is heavy .iiid ihii'k nil the northeast III the ln;:hl.and i'\tini|s nne ipiai tei of a mile olV slioie, whilst a I ii:,'r pa tell eMsts at the southwest point. The .ippin.nlies tni a mile are in litteeii fathoms wati'r. deriiasiiiM \,.|\ i,'|-ailiiall\ to live lathoins. It is ,i p.nli.il lee in iinilhues t u inds and has fresh water. Tills Sinii;,';,'li-rs t'ove must not he eonfonnded wiih the I'Maiiiid nl Sinii;;;:leis ('n\eof San < leiiielile Island, ''^liivr Ah'Iiiihiiii. — One mile oil tin' soiitheaslei n pninl nf the isl.iml and I liiee mill's .sonth- sniitheast \SSI';.) Ironi the easternmost point, an aiii hnia;;e is laid dnw n on leeeiit Coast Survey ails in nine fathoms over a liollom of Inoken she I n this pnsiiinii the i ^t end of the island he.iisnnith by east (N. Ity M.), distant ihiee and ihne ipi.u i is miles, and I he vv est end of Ana- lapa hears noitheast liy east [SI.. I>,\ I'..), distant li\e ami a h.ilt miles. Small eialt ran anchor III a heaxv Held lioiii one half to nearly one ■alci the point III the kelp, which stietehesnll shon ihile Inr a dist; nee ol lliree miles aidlllld t he sunt he. i stem pnili I nf the Islaml. la//.'/ \ mil,, mill lies li\e and a hall miles limn the sniitheast pniiit, on Shaw .\nchora;;i'. It is in the deepest p.irt of I he Ion;; elir\ lii^ of I he slmic tn I li.' nnilliwest iMtweeii the Shaw .\nelior- a;re and the middle of the south shoieol the isl.ind. Tlie wesleiii tall ol the kelii line from Stlill};- V'lei's ('o\e ends here. .llhirt .1 >n7iiir(n/e anil Coc/i/is I'li'lim Aiirlmriijii are linlh small, t he loiiiier on the cast ami tlio !-itl'Ton tilt' west siile of S,;ih iMliMi', UkIIi iIicsc iinrlmi. !;:(•<« ;iic l>ici.ii| i>|hmi to llir Miulln'.i>l .l/(()(ii'.> .I'll '('niillic;i>l lin'c 111' S,iiii,iriii/. lol.iiiil, t wn IliinU ol tlit> ili-; i„, from llif iisli Ml |><'iiil. iiiil tliifc iinl iMif li.ilt' iiiilcs i.isi iiiiitlir.i>l ri.xii < lull l>l,iiiil. tlitii i- i Hli):l>t iiiilriil.ili.iii 111 tli«' slitiii' liMi' at tlic iiioiiih 111 ii ili't'|i c.iii.iil.t, wliicli iii.ilxo out In. -i, liorlliwof. A lii;.'li, li'Uiiiliin; licul Ioiim-- llir mhiIIum^I miIc hI iIh iinUhlatiiPii; llic t ii>l - ,\r . liiiirkiMl l».v twii iiiii>liT.ili'l,\ Iii^rli links, whicli mtii rrmii llic hhiii ii" inl lnoU IiUi- .i l.ir;;c liii\-:.i,, Vroiii till' fiiilxs 111 till- "ratlin >liiiii' Ilic ili>t,iiii'r IS altiiiit t«ii liiiinlii'il .\ :iiiN. Tlif liiaili ■ -i, iniuT *iili' III llir iiivi- i> liiii' s.uul, ami iii ordiniii) ii(irlliwi"«i «ralli«r llu' wairr is wry si tlif lamliii^: I'm IhmIs i> ;:iii>i|, ll IS umImuiimI a |ia>-.i!pli' anclioia;.'!' I'm Miiall iial'l. It lirs t\Mi ami .1 i|iiartrr iiiilr> \M'-i Wt'St froiii Ilii' aiii li'i|.i;:r III Ciiiliiis riiil.i^. aiiij l«i« ami t^n tliiiiJN mili"' « r^l 111 Sramlal I Till' lii;;li jiiiiiil. mif ami 1 liair iiiili's In llir ia«f iim tlif. I'^t, 1^ tin' mmvn.ihI ImmuI Sii.h: ,1 I'lMk, wliu'li IS twrhf liiimli'nl I'lTi iiitili at mil\ li.ill .1 iiiilr inl.iml. I'nsn AiiihnriKjr lii's jiisi fa»i nl' ami iimirr I In' .-milli wr^l |iiiiiit nl tlir iNJaml, a in I at llu .11 'ii «>as| I'litiainr to tin' .'^aiila ('m/ Cliaiiiirl. 1 1 is tilV tlii' iiimitji t. Tliric IS ki||i lii'ii. ami lallicr Imil lintiuiii. It 1^ liri'.nl ii|irii In tin- snni; t.. Fiuiii tlii-> imliiir.i;:i' (lull InI.iiiiI luar-" last N.iiillii'asi , |',>l'.), ili-i.ini |«ii ami .1 liall mili-, I'll null's (nit lll'> llllcil'l till' Sillllll sllllll' III till' \M'^!('rll I'VllI'MlllS III tin- j."! lllll, Willi till 1 .' riil;;i' (iiic inilr in tlii> iimlli. 'I'liis nnl nl' tin' jsjaml, lirlii;: almiit niii' ami a li.ill iiiilrs Inn i.' I i. I wo |iiiiiit- — Wist I'liiiit. « 111' ll is ilir iiiirili\M>'i.|ii 1 11 II II I .11 II I i|iiiir 1 11 ill I. .1111 1 I''i.ivii I'm II I, i ' , is a low |iiiiiit siiciiliiiij; III 111 llif iiiii ■lir.i^tri II |i.irl nl tin- nitiaiiri' to llif .""^iMia i'lu/. (I. 1; .' Aliiiiil mil' null' ta>l nl tins |ioiiit. in a irii'iliii;; of tlii< >limi. Iiiir, is I'm iii'\ "> ( nv c, w ln-ir \ ■ -^1 ■• 111' III >af('lv fioiii all iioitlicilv wiiiiN. TIm-H' i> a lir.iv \ >iirf mi tlic lifacli. Inil at tin- am li.i 1.. tlic swell IS lirokiMI 'i\ a riick\ \*]r\ almost lill\ Iit! 1iij;Ii, ami rolllirrliil witli tlirslinli' li\ .1 in' of siiiallii links, .\iirlim III IJM' l.iiliiiiiis. Willi till' Mllltll(•llllno^l of iliiii io(k.\ islci> I.I .1 ■: Holl|li«r>t S\\ . . ilislaiit mir (•i;;lilli of ,i ini||.. I'loni tills |in\. |ii i v|irl III;: ;io|iit liii- liloail - ■ .'li wi'sii'iii |i.nr ill till, isjaml lies sniitlicast. .iml its laillu'st |ioiiil. m-ai l*ii>a .\mlim,i;^i-, i.s Im. ii<: a li.iif mill's liislaiil. l-'rmii ."sail I'l-tliii l'(iii!l. at till' rasinn i'\t nMinty of Santa ('iir 'slainl, tlif S.int.i I'. ■■.1, I,i;;lit-liiiiisi' liens nmili«r-l half imrlli . N W. A N. ;, .lis'aiit twfiilv I inilfs, ami rmiil llm ■■ la;;lit liniisf III'. lis mnllifast \\\n tlnnls last (Nl'",. .; l-',, , cjisi.int si\ ciilfiii niilis. I'loin Wist I'miit, llif Wf.stfin f\lifinil.\ nl tin- islaml. I lif ."S.nita l'..iili.ira l.i^ilit lioiisi ■ - iimlli tliiitffii ili';.'ifi's I'lst (N.l.t I'..', ilisi.iiit i«fnl\ ,iml a ll ill' niilfs, ami I'oinl ('mm • Iji;;lit lioiisc lie. lis iinrtli si\|\ ti\,. ami a li.ilf i|i ^iifs uest N. ti.M W. . ilistint lliiitv Iim •- Tlif .\iiai'a|ia l'.issa;:f lifs liftoff n ilif fa stf in I'lnl of tlif islam 1 .iml A ii.ii'.i|ia, ami is ili-^. ■ ..: on payf ll."*. '!"! f Santa ( 'm;- ( 'li.iniifl lifs hfi .mch tlif sonlhwfsi facf of ihf islaml ami tlif cast faff "'! Santa llns.i. .iml is di's, iilifd mi p i;.'is '.is .mil !i!». I'lilisdl rrinniitrs Iliirliin.—'VUv ( mrfiifil l-lstalilishnif nt. or iiifaii iiitfival liflwcfii llu ■ of tin- iiKMiii'.s transit ami tin- iinif ol Inyh w.iifi. is I X' 'Ci" ; ilif niciii 1 isf ami t.ill of il>. ■• i« llllfi' ami SIX tfiitlis Iff!, of s|iiiii;; tiilfs siv lift, ami i.|' iif.iii Inlfs oiif ami lliiff Ifntli- ''<\ fill' avcta;,'f iliiralimi of tlif iisf is ."i' .iCi' . of tin- fill .", y, , ami tin- slaml n HI ; tin- .im 1^' ililffifiiff in tlif lifi;:lits III llir mmiiiii^ .iml aftfiiiomi tnlfs m tji,. s.nnf il.i\ is mif ami two !.•!•- ffft till llif lii^li walfis ami iiiif ami t'i;;lit Ifiillis ffft |,ii tlif Ims v\atfis; I lie ,i\ f luyr ilnl of thf hi^hfst hi-h ami lowest low waters ol the s.inie ila> is iIm ami mie h.ilf feet ami llu est ililffriiiif IS sfXfn Ifit. Toolitain Ihf liiiifs ami lifi^lits of eaeli lii-li ami low water, tirst take Irmii llie Tnle I "- for the r.intie Coast the tiliifsaml Inmlits fm- San I >if ;;ii. .iml llieii to olilaill the I liiif ■■' ' - walfr nlitr.ii't Imir iniiiiitis. ami to iilii.nii ih,. tinif of |ou watii siilitraet ei;,'hl niiiiiites; . ■ •• ■ tain the lifi;,'lit nf lii-li walfi >iilitiaft tliiif tf litlis of a lout, ami ihf hfi-lil of low watii • ' '■ same a.s at .s.m I»ii';;o. The latest ,ii,,ii ..f the islaml is the Santa llarli.ira (Mmiiml slifrt of I ssj, |iiili|islifi| . lli' Coast ami (ifoilftif Snrviy. in which all ihf ilit.iils of |ii|iii-i,i|iliy ami li\ilr.i-ia|i|iv are;;. This islaml was iliseo\ iieil in l.M'J liv Calirillo. who n.inifil it iimntlv wilh Saiila K-- ' Islaml.sof S.in I. mas. Allfr Ins .If.nh I'frifj.i m..ii,.,| thf islaml ami ii.'imeil il S.m S.il apiiare'itlv lorL'fttin- ih.it S.mta latalin.i h.nl lifii so naiiifil li\ his pre.leeessor. The I liaiiit' WiiN Mmii, or Liiniin, ami there were ei;;lit Imliaii villages iipoii it. I'Ai'irir citAsr ni.nr. h'.t ll III l«! till' ili>: :„. I lilt li'iiin III,. ' I.I ■•I shll' . rye lii)\ "III I, lir.K ll I 'I , \ >liiiif' ' 1 , 'H west -. I'iiiiil.il I ot Sii. ■ It till' -.;;•; rnllllll. I' If MilltlrAi -i I' llilli'J>, rtllli till' I,;:'. I'H li|ii;iil, ll !.> I'l.ilit. »l,;.'i 111/ CliiMiil « III Ir \ I -,i ., Iir Jlirlii'l.i.i' lull ll\ .1 In ' lslrl> liiMl n: iitiiilil ~.!,- :...: Ill till' :■: •ell till ■ '■ ' I.I til. ■ 'I.- t.'Illll- ■" '. till' .1 ij HM. •. :r ihtl ,■ ■■ III. .v Till.' I ■'" I iiiir I'l '. : I lltr> ; ' " ■ w .ilil • I '■ i,>lii'.l ' . ll" I.I i;- li"' 111 S.il -l'". Tlir I iMll III lliti'w' it uus iiiiiiicil l.shi (Ir S. Aiiiliio.Mii l>\ \ i/i'iiiiiii. Till' imIiiiiiI icrt-ivi'il its pn-si'iit iiaiin- Innn i»iiii .lii.tn I'lic/, mi tin- ilili nl' Miinii. 177 I, wliiii in till- ll i;;. Ill- .Vl'i'i".'/", ami IS tif.sriiln'il !•> iiiiil iis tlic l.ii;;i's| ;iiiil liii;lic>t uf I he ;;n(ii|i, ami ill- li.il'itnl Ity ImliitiLS. I.SI..\Ml I.I N\N I \ ijos \. I'liis JK tiii'lliinl isliimi nl' tlii' ;,'niii|i (lir('i'il.\ oil tl i-i i.t" S:iiit;i I'.ii !>iira iiml |>iiii i.iiiiir.ill, lii'iiiu' N i-'il'li' III III I a ilist.iiirr lit I'm t\ rmir mi Irs. 'I'lir iiiitiiiiiMit' llii> l^l.lllli is I II ill I, ;lliii illtliiiiuil mil Nil lll;;ll .IS .'^.ilil.i (in/ 1 1 |.\li|li||s liiuili'IMliI \ riiiiiiiliil liilltiips I'vfiliiliiij,' till' wliiili' irii;;lli itf ||ii> i'«l.tiiil ami rl'iii;; (ixi'i mil' tlmiis.iiiil I'i'il. tin- ;;ii',iti.sl cli-valjiiii Iiiiiil; tilti'i'ii iiiiiiilri'il ami Hi\t.v I'liiir I'i'i't ali..\i' tin' m';i. 'I liirr an- im l,ii;;i' tni's mi the i.vl.iiiil, lull It IS will watrri'il ami i'umti'iI witii ;:iass ami iirili.i^i'. Sciiili i.,il»s ami |iiiii's in >,iiall clniiiiis ail' lull ml 111 till' j;iil(lirs ami mi (lii- smith .s|ii|ii' ul' thr lull'-. Tin' >limi'- air Imhl, rnclxV, ami liiuli. illi till- <'\i'i>|itii>ii III' ( 'liaiiml nrSkniiK I'.. int. vvliir tUi. .iml a li.ilt' inili's iii.ith«r>l .NW, liniii ihi' I'Xtii'mc I'astriii |imiit ot tin- I- .Mill. 'I'lii' ;;i'iiiTal .^llap^ III' till' iil.imi is that ul' ,i |iai.ill(lii;,'iam \n it h tlir ilnirunn i.f thr Imixri' iiM;.'i)iial I'.ist ami wrst, ami its li'ii;,'lli tuiirtrin ami a li.ilt' nil Irs, 'Ihc >lim'iri' ilia;:iiii.il is njiiraml iiiii'lliiiil mill's imi;.' ami Ih's iimtli iiim> (li';;ii'rs I'.i.st ami smith iiiiic lh';:l^l■^ \M'>t iN.'.i' ILaiiil S. !' \N . '. 'I'hi' mn th\M'-'t mlf is a sli;;htl,\ imiriiliil >liiii(' Jiiii' uf tmi ainl ,i h.ill' iiiilo >mitli >i\ty- livi' ili';;ri'rs wi-st uinl iimtli .mxIv IIm- (ii';,'ri'i's i'.i>t i."^. ti."i W. ami N. ll.'. V..\. Almi;,' thissidr tlii'ii' is a |iiati'aii lisin.u' Ki'ailiiiill> IVmn tin* isIl^i' nl' the liliili' to tin- I'lmt ul' till' niuiiiii.iiiis. it is tlin r liiimiri'il ami I'm f \ I'li't aliu\ i' tin' si-a ami iiit li\ niimliris ul' ili'r|i. .s||.ir|) -nlilics u hiih inaki' ill. » II liuin thr inmiiitains ti> till' M'.i. .M.iiiy iif tlii'sc rmiiain mvri I. iiliii;,' stirain^ uf rli'.ir watrr. iiitliurstrl II .siili- III' till' i-^l.imi is iii',iri\ .vli.n^lit, ami niiii' ami a li;i!t' inilrs Irnii; nmlli liltV' Til. Ii\ I' ili';.'ii'i's w.'st ami smith tirt\ ti\i' i|i';;iirs I'.i-t (N. siMii inih .s lull'', in W ami .s. ... I'. . Tl II' smilli .siih' i ail.N ■>tiai;.'ht, \Mth liuhl, |ii;.'h liliitV> riit \< •\i. .••Ii.ir|>. II ir^nlar j;iililn' Tin- .>n-.i lit' till' islami is aituiit mn' hnmliril M|ii,iir staliiti' inilrs. Iljlilrniiriiiiliil. — Till' u.itii aiiiiiiiil tins jsi,iini i- nut mi Imiil a> aiuiiml tin- ullnr i^lamls i'ln' ili'|itli raii;:rs from Imiiti'i'ii tu thniv -iv lathmiis \x iilim a ili.-.laiii'i' uI'Ivmi iiiilr>,ami tlii'liliv f',iilniiii iiiii' is iii'arl.v t'mir inilrs Irmii t In' iim I h ,«*liurc ami ti\ u iiiih'> t'rmn tin- .smitln'a.>t I'ai'i'. < Ml till* Siiiilli I'liiiit it coiiH's \\ itiiiii a inili' ul' tin* slmrr, ami tl iir liiiinlri'il t'atlimii riirvr ismily twii ami a iialt' iiiiii's nlV. Tin- I'l ii'i.il I'h.iiailrr ul' tin- liultum is linr ,'i:i\ ••ami liiiik I'll Slll'IIS, riri'ii mill ami 111 till" Santa Cm/ Chaiiml, tl) till' I'a.-t nl' thr i>l,iiiil, ihi- ili'|ith ranurs I'rmn t\M'iil,N tu tliiiiy futliiiins n\rr ;>l'av .sainl ami Inukrii shrlU, rMijit at tin' smilhi'i ii I'liliaiiii', \\ iirri* t in' iii'ail ul' a I Biiliiiiaiiiii' \ aili'\ |ii'iii'trati's l hr rh.iiinrl. In I In' ilcjil Iin ul' tins \ allrv tin' liutimn is ^'ici'ii in ml. in till' San Mi;,'llri l'.l-I ul till' l^l.ili'l. 'Ill' ih'|itli iaii;,'i's t'r nil lillci'Il h. .'Ill\ |fatliiiiiis iiMT tiiii' KiaN sami ami Inukii! slnlU. lulp. — 'I'hi- ^.'irali'r pal t nl' till' shmi' nf tins i>l.iml is limimliil li\ ki!p. liri'luT I'.a\ . I.\ in;; Uii'lwi'i'ii <",iiriii;,'tmi i'uiiit ami riiaiinrl i'uini, li.is a ruinp.irl liiii' itt' it twu mili's Imi;,' ami mii'- [tiiini III' a iiiih' briiaii, with a small p tli'li nil' tin' iimtli |iiiinl i it' tin- .Smiilnasi .Vin'liuiai.'i'. iifanni jl{i'rt, imrtli 111' ("arriii;;tmi rmnt, iiis nmir; lint iimli's K'i'i I, t liii'r ami mii'lliii.i iiiilis in urst- IBniitliwi'st i W.SW.) nf < 'an iiiu'lnii I'niiit, Ims a small p.ilrli miisnlc ul' it. Thii'i' ipiarh'is ut' a iiiili- iwi'^twaiillv rrmii liiurkw.iy I'miit a vnv cuiiipart tirhl nf ki'lp, mii' iiiih' in Inrailt h, lir;;iiis ami [runs tivi' inilrs to Sainly I'niiil, with Imir tu ri;,'lit I'.illiuius tiiruii;,'li il,r\ri'pt at Tali'ott's .Shual ; latnl iiiitsiiit? of tlii.s lii'hl, two ami tiiri-r ipi.ii tri s mil •s iinrtii Miirllir.ist (NNI!.) frmn Saml> i'uiiil ami liiiir iniU-.s wost lialf smith ( \V. A S.) Ir mi lliurkway I'uiiit, is a lii-tarin'il tirhl mn' ami mic- taitiT mill's lowjx l>y oiu' tiiinl nf a milt' Inoail, parallel w iih tin- slimi'lii'lil. Nnilain:eris laid Jnwii ill tiiis niitlyiii;; lii'iil. Oiitsnli' Sainly Tuiiit the kelp slii'ti'lii's iieai'y half a iiiili' into Ilii" 3uii Mi;;iu'l Passu;;!' to tliirtei'ii ami tifteeii fatiimns uf w.lter, s\vee| iiii;r tlieni'i" arunml the .suiitii- rest lariMif the islami fur nine ami niie tlniil miles tu Smith I'uini, where it is i'lii>e iiinler tin ilime, anil tlieiifi' ••oiitiiiiiiii;' clnse iimler the sli i\ ami a half mil.'s tuwards Mas! I'niiil. (MV Ju> lowiT part of tlio soiitliwost faci'. from .Saiid.\ I'uint sunt lieas! ward ly fur m\ miles, the outside uf Uie kel|> line lies a mile ntV sliure to ten ami lifteeii lathmns k< Ii> lull' ill it> lM.a.li>t |.Mit oiii- mile r.i^l of S.Mlli I'.. int. « •' 1 Point till- k.lii l.H stl.i;;;;lini: l'"i lliiic .|ii.ilii i> of a mil. , ;ini| li.ix II MMirh I.m.i |r.|;;i. m II- orii limit, inail.N li.iH' a null' oH ^Imn- ami iw ilni.!-. o| ,i inili- ttom r..i-l I' t. SiUflii /^'IM^— Tin- \M»l«iii I" 'I 111 of ilicishiii.i. Known .i* .S.in.l\ I'lMiit, I if. m>tili M'vniiv t|f;:ii'fH c.i-t I N. 7> i:, trolii lliiMM-tiTii point of Sill Mi^iirl. \mIIi I lir S.ili Miun.l I'.ist.i-i iiiilc«t Willi , IhUmtii tln-iii. S.inil\ roinl i- iiiiMlci,ilfl\ liol.l .iml i"< Un . witli -li l.n In ij io. 1, . . (itV It. ami ?«.iml tlnm-s. Irarlnn;; loin liiimln.l !■ • t cI. \ ain.ii. ii>\ n inn one or l"o .si|ii,n. iiilami. riu>«' \> Inl"' >ainl clniifs in- a m.irl.t"! l«Mtiiii- of tlii'< jioint «lnii loi ;j liom tli. waiil. l»r< |i « .iiri. iioiii till lo iiliiiii failiom-*. ii loiiml oil tin- i»«iiiit ontMilf lln- krl|i lin. is williin .1 i|iiait«i of .1 mill' of t!ir rMniniiv of llic I ami. In-nli- tin- kfl|> lino tlirir i- Cloliml. Till' ;:i'o;.'ia|illlral |«os|!io|| of lliis |iollit i-, l.llllinli' .(I "Ml' (l.i noitli. lo|i;;ilinii' ; IMI Wi-t. Till' Soiiih I'oini. »o nami'il on llir rli.irt. is liro.ul .iml loiiinlin;.'. « illi ,i Mull I oin- 1 iVct alioM- I In' M'a. .iml n«rs to lour liumlicil ami m\I> IitI i'lt'\alion williiii l«i> liiimlii'il i vaiiU. On il- >oiitli ami \vi'>ti'il\ Lin' il is iii.iil.iil li> li.ilf .\ inilr of hlnliii^' Mulls mm i , drill Iri i liiuli. I'lific IS a iriiiu"'' of ki Ip i lo^r nmli'r tin- I'lilN. Iml ilri'|i w.itir oiii>nli' oi p'o;;iaiiliH' al |iositioii i». laliliiilc •'■ ■< < in iioi lli. loii;:itinli' I'-'i Hi IJ'\m-I. ('■iniinih'H l'"iiil, till' iioitli jioinl of till- InIiiiiI. i ■. tiiri'c i|iiai tcis of a iiiilr liiii.nl to» u.i>ii.i- iiortli. liolil ami rMii.v.aml ii«i'>. to four inimln-il ami foiiv fi'ft cli'vation witjnn .t inili'. I ■■ siiiiili »i'\t'iil\ oiir ilc;:irrs \M st i S. 7 1 \\'..Ni\ ami tliii'i' c|iiail('ts milrs liiim \\ i s| I'.. imrtliwi striii I il of .S.uit.i I 1 11/ Ul.iinl. Il loiiiii till- iioitliN\i'>l I il III till- mil ill i'iit| till' S.inta Cm/ ( hannrl. « Im li lii'> lift «r»>ii tins ami ."^ani.i < i ii/. NIamls. 'I'lii'ii' is incl, \ aloil^' till' I Mil ill laif of t '.II I III ;^ lull point. \\ illi r.iai'oii Ki I r 1\ ill;: iim I li li\ wi-l oiii' ijiiii i< N. li\ W. \ \\ . i oiii- lliiiil of a III II' ili->l.inl. Till' ;;i'o;.'ra|iliiral |iii-iliiiiiof ilir |i, .il nj O.l liollll. lon;;ilmii' IJH II." ;L' \\i-.t. « >iir hall' null' MHitliwuil i.f t "ai i iii),'ton Pmnt !■« a -nMll. inilin;: |ioiiit r.illi'il ^,.|/.■^ will'!!' Iirolxi'ii |ialrlii'> of kil|' Il -^111 ami run into tin- Kim- Milr l!i;:lil oi KitImi |!a>. 1 ;;oih1 watrr i'Iom' iimlir till' |ioiiiI, Iml ioi'l,\ liullom in tin- ki-lji. (Iinninl < Hi;; two Mini a lialf lnili> not I liwrHl « al •! I mm I lir o.isli in i \ iif till' iol.iml. In liiw :inil loi inril li,\ iliillin;; > i'hI, w ith a -In 1 1 s.iml ln-.irli to liii' wi'-l \« i lirailv luo mill's of saml lii'.irli to iJn' sontlir.istw.iril tovv.irils Past Point. Tin' s.ilnl iliiin two liillnllril anil liflN t'l'i'l I'li'Nalioii with .i low iiitU liiliiml thrm. .\ \i\\ loil.s hr nil IL. iii»iili' till' thri'i' l.iihoiii li.ii'. TlnTi' i- no Url|i oil this |i nnl, Iml inoilrlali'l.N ilii |i wain ■ ' till' --.iml lir.icii. This point i'lintrai-ts tin- .Sani.i I'm/ ( hanm-l to u\r milfs. ami thr In-ail of iIm' m. v;illi'\ IS ill mill I'liaiini'l jii-' .iliii'a-l it. I'list I'miit Is till' rasliin i\tlrinit.\ of tlii' i-.lani|. It i-- iiioilrl alil\ lii^li. -Iiaip, .i W ilh \i I \ liiTp w.ili-r nil iInimsI lliil miiiiIi lai t- \ n|;^IiI Iiih' ol' ki'lp sllrlrlif- I.. Il . tioln ihf point fill iii'arl\ ;» lnili'.;iml li.c. ;i mMii'Ii loot im k witlilii il.s ixtn-inily ln'.niii. tliri'i- i|iiaiti'is wi'si (N, I \\.) iVnni tin' | I. .Ni'ail_\ OIII' mili'sonlh li> t-a-l t hiri' ipiartrrs ca-t S. tiv !■; ; \'.. from l'.;ist Poini In - fat In nil palfli. with Imiiom of lir.iki'ii shrlN ami roai si- s.mil. Tli iimlin;:s aroiinil it ai< I'.lthoms ii:i II iitMilr ;iml littiiii tatlmms towanls llii' nIioii', K.ist i'oint forms iho soiiihwcsiii n Ih'.hI of tin* soiiilii'rn i-iilranci' to lin- S;iiiia Prn/ i Till' ;,'i'o;.'rapliii' il |io,ii of fill' piiint is I il itmlo .! '. ."I'l '.'> noitli. Iiiii;:iiinli' IJii "I . IhiMliirati y'"i(//.— This is tin- lonmlmi,' p nnl on tin' iioii1hm>| m.||. i^i ih,' i>lainl, h wav lii'twii'ii S.iiniy Point ami C irrin-t,in Point. Tin- shon- i. tii'.it-. alioiit .i inili- in I In of I'itlnr lii;:lit oil tin- ca-.t iiorllii'ast ami wi-t south .»i-st. Thi' point Is lii.:li .iml Iml. I, fathoms iif w.ili-r within iiiii'lliinl of a miji'ofi'.aml Ihr Krlp lii M lii'ini- ;iiiiiiiii! .■^ain; liryiiis two thinls iif a null' to thi' wi'st li\ xmili \\ . Ii,\ .<. of ii. /'i/»i\ to tliii li'i'ii pisl oiitM.li-, Iml lln-ii' arr pali'lifs mi llio nil oiilv ton to (iltii-n I'li'l iif w il.i- with ;rr.i\i'l \ ami lok> lioll nn. Tlti' i i-i-f r.liil> Im'al.v i.s no safi- pass.ijjf on lln- insnli- of ii. Cimiii- o it of tht- Saiil;k Cm/ Cliaiiiiol, lioiiml ip ,%«ii;;i'.) lin ""Wlow talil \i)i of wall' I I'ArlKIf (I'A'I ril.iil. 91 it U I lIlIlM .tV IL. Ill . 1 l.> ti not stnT t<> tllt> Wt'HtWillll until tll<< lll;^ll l.liul ;il tllr tIDIt ll\Vi'-.t l-tlil iif Salll.l l:iii t'airiiiK'toii rmiil. ril'.M'llll \ii'>-f I' slmWII DM it ell. Ill ll.llcil JSIS ,11 ,1 Mirk .lIlilM' U.lIlT Willi silllH' Sl|||kl>l| loclis ii'iillnl It.lillt the wlioli' Irt't' l-< lirlnw w.ili'l. U>' ui' ,i inili- nil •.jinn-, .iIhhii Www 111 'is \»i'!*t muiiliwcst (\VS\\ .) riiiiii till' «r>liiii Mill- iif ( ,iriiii-t fiiol ,NI''.. I>.\ Iviriiiin I'liiirkvv.iv l'iili' t lit* i.tii;;«> nf : I St* |tiiiiilM. 'riiiff siinki'ii iiitks I'lirin tin- ilaiiuti , ainl llii\ lir in a mnlliwfsl ami Miiitlii'a.Ht ilMi'i'litni aliiiiil mil' Iniiiilit'il ,\ aiiN .ipai I. 'I'Iii'.n Im .ik in alinusl all .vr itliti >. 'Ilii' tli'|illis insjili- t!ii' Ui'lp raii;:i' I'liiin ttii In U\t' iiiiil a i|iiai'lt'i' latlmnis. | lir i|aii;^i'l iiia> lit' sairlv iiassnl un tlif r~iili' III It'll I'atlitinis and tin tlif iiisHJi in mViii in i'i;:lil lalliiins. i'lir krlji li.iiU lur iii'ail\ ,\ I: n.' Ill lilt' xvcstiiiil tliSM'sl 111 till' li'il. W'llfll lilt' lili'ak nil till' links IS lint \ isliilr in lliifk wr.llllt'l' it will Ih' Wt'll In ki'l'|i a tlt'|>!li nt' t»i'lll\ r.illinliis in si I'll in;,' alnlli: tills >l|n|i'. I'll h of Shnill. — 'I'll IS is It tlaii;,'i'rni|s •.jmal, li.n lll;; a- III 1 1 f as I'll \ I'll fill nl " atii' ii|inii It, ami III s ii>ii- ami a li air inilfs iinrlli liall' c.isl i N. A \'. Imm SimU I'lunl. Tlif lintlnin i- lilh lasiniial spi'i'iim'hs nf nil ami wliitf tiir.il. It is ii'pnitrtl lli.it tlii'it' is nn kflp mi iliis slmal, iIm' klip line ami liall' a inili> iimlli nmllifasl N'NI'. nl Ilir slmal. Tlif Inllnwin^ Iumi ini;s ami tlis l.iiifi's li'falt' llif ct'iitt'i 111' tlif slmal; I'lif in'itli pmnl nf Sin Mii^ml IslamI Wfsf ii\ mnili \\ , liy N. I I lylit ami a ipiarli I milfs; niiti'iiiinst ,.iil> nil Siinlv r.niil, kmnvi <^ •• ihi I'iinl' i" Hill liv wt'si hall' Wfsl (S. liv \V. \ \V, ami a liall inilis: I'linikwas rniiil fast li\ nmili tint',' fi^htlis nmtli (i;. It\ N. 'j N. lixf mihs; rastiin pnint n| San Mi^iifl Islaml \sfs| li\ sniilli tliiff ipiaitf IS sniilh ( W. Ii\ S S Iniir ami a i|nai III inilfs. 'I'll tlif iinithwanl nl' Hi: - unal. aiiil niif inilf illstaiit. a limlx nl' ktlp f xlflitis niif ami a ijiiar- III iiiilfs in an fast nnrthrasl iliiff linn, pai.illf I with thf shmi' kflp. v\ illi I Wf l\ f tn liilfi- n lallimns III ».iti'r III ami ainiiii t wo Ihiitls hil il iiiilf IVmii thf pmnl. Till- I K/'mir mi thf iim Ih sitif nl' Siiniit Knsii Ishuul sf |s alniiit niii' iiiilf an Imiir tn thf (Mst- [Miiiil with Ihf prt'V.iiliii;,' iiniihwfst N\iiii|s, lull u lif n tlif.\ tf.isf nr liffmiif liulil I In- ciirif nl sfts |ti) llif wi'stwiii'tl itiiniil niif iiml il hiill iiiilfs iin liinir. Nm ih nl S.imlN rnini iiml alinill tin- 'I'itl jCtiti SliDiil thf fiirifiits ;iii' iimi'iiaiii, Imi irfiiinni l> siimi-. iSrf ic iiiiii ks mi Siiii .Mi^^in-I I'jis- i»"Kf.) .\M.iiiii; \iii;s Unhtr lliiy — Thf If lUf tin harlinrs ainiiml S.ini.i I. -ii Isliiml. r.itwffn ("Iniiinfl nr Skunk nri' IS il sfiiii firiniiii n i\ .iinwn iis llif I'i\f Milf r>ii;lit. nr Hft'li iiilfs ili'fp, w itii a lirnail luMfli iititlfr ii III I II Irnint iiml ('arriii;;tmi I'nint il il)ii>, I'tiiir ami niifthinl iiiilfs witif iiinl mif ami :i ihinl i |ltiw tiilili' liliill Ihiit is aliniit tliiriN I'fct lii;;h ami tliiff linmlnil \.iitls wiiU S'oiihinst Aiirhoraiii. — In this !)i;;lit tlifii' is it p.iss.ihlf ,im'linr.i;^f in Irom si.\ In tfii r.ilhniiis it walfr, ovfr nitikv bnttmii, w ilhiii oiif Ihinl nl' ii inilf nl llif slini-f iilirt'.isi nl' ii wharl', at tin- fiul \lf ir ' i! 1 m 1 ! , 4i. 1 i .? 92 I'.VCIIlr (MAST ni'T. Ill' winch siMicii Icii (if wih-i i> rijioili'il. Tins uli.irt'. con^ii iuIimI hi HT.!. lies ;il i ,, two tliiiiis mill's iKiiii ('.miiiclou rmiit inni a liltli' i)\ cr oiii' inil<' ln'iii <'i>\i)tc I'mnt. Il ;- li\ the r.iiitli liHiiM N lii'lniKl II on llir innlli Miii' nl' lln- .iiih.m'. VosfU ii.mi:iI1,\ anrlim olV till' nil. Ill' 111 -i\ cil M'\cll I.iiImhii^ w.lti T. Tins ail>ll<>i,i;;i' llrs suiitliwr-l oiii' i|ii,ir;i ^S\V. J S.i si'vcii .niil .1 li.ilf nil Irs tpnn I lie \\ (•■.! I'miil uri S.iiil.i <'iii/ Islaiiil. wiili Cliainn lu'ariiiu i'a>l t'.v mmiiIi d;. Ii\ S tliicf ami tu.iiliinN inilfs. Small |ialrlii's ol' l,i'l|. Ii.. t' tins lii;;lil. Thr .slnirli dl' sl Inr on.' iinli' rrrr li^vanl tnwan' ('i)>ci!i \vasl A niliora._'c. SiiiithiitsI .\ii(liiir,iiii.— \u tlif soiillifasttTli pari of lln- I'lM' Mill' r-i;;lil. anil alioiii .h;. liair iinlcN wrst |i\ s.inlli W. 1>> S. tMiiitli;il I r.'inl. a t m' liiinil.i'il I •n Iniu aiicliiui,. fatlioiiis ami roilc onl a >.iiii1iiM'.| >;alr in .Iainiai\. l'^Ti. Itiiiiii;,' siimimr nioiiilis .small \rsscls aiidior iiihI'T llif soiii Ihm-.! -IkpH' hI llir islai;.: loin- aiiM our i|iiaili 1 mil' s si.iiiliwist u aull.v of I'lasl I'oinl.anI Iliiff ami tin |iiai!r; mntliiM>lwaitll> Iniiii Sonili I'oiiit. T1m> run in anion;; tlic narrow IiomIit of kcl|> and ,i. ti\c or .si\ ratlioiiis. Tlii'ii' aic lliicr ^.,i ill inlliiii,' jioinls In-ir. ami 'lie amlioia;^o i> in lln ias| i'( llii' soiillic I n oiii'. ■ /•■// /im'h'v /.«. .— \ i^st U ;i|vii am-lior al llii> ci|icn i n nNlcail. alioni oiir ami a i|iiai 1« r mili - «'astvvaril ot' Suiilli I'ninl. in tii"n In.' to m'MMi lallionis ot' \valrf m tin- krlp. \s liicli i> In i. Iialf a iiiilf Inoail. Tlif lii;;lil is onr ami a half inilrs lon^'. foi imil 1>.\ a sli;.'lil iftrcatin- lii^li >lioii'. ami i> open to Mnitlnrlv winds ami .swell. Iml is ,iii I'Mcllrnl slirlicr in wiml west roiiml li\ innlli to m.MlnMsi. Tlif ."'^oii ill Point is a lii;.'li. liold |M'omonlor\ and si im-s tn niark this amliora;;.' at a ili' Whi'ii entiling llif hiulit a lov- . Marls rm k. w ilh a i riilial piak, n.iiin'd .V./// A'... /,. is t.. sfiM'd. riiin.'il to lir ir lul u rcii wrs] iioitli»f«l and mil I li Inn I li » est \\NW..md NN* amh.ir III ti\«' to 11 llir r.ilhoins over s.iiid. clioosin;; a lin tli w iihonl Ira r of tlir krlp. in w Im an- lio disfoMTcd daiiirciN. Tin- liolicnn to tin- 'M'sI ward ol Slay lonk is iink\ in pin- d.lll;:f|cins III ;;ii)liliil I.irkir. .\lirliil well oIlI. so .|s In .illiiw t.iilin^ jllsliorc Willi rdd.SIl w inn tilt' iiMi ihwc^li'i- is stinn;.'. riicn- is I toll w air hilc. Stiiiilji I'liiiil Am liiiiiiiii , — ( 'Iosi> iindi'r the south sii|,. ni' Wot m S.nid\ I'mnl sm.ill ~> ot twriilx 11 1- till t\ tons amhiir in sininmT. Iml .i I Imi iin;;li Imal kmiu li'd;^i' i-- in rtssai> ' 1 he initlv 111;: links. (ioiid hi.dl hiii'limii lli.l\ lie lnlind .lloliml llii' isl.md cV il \ liMII or lixc liiilfS. Till' ;:i'o;.'I,lpli|r.i| |iiis|i|ii|i ill .s;.iliil\ !'ii|lil li.is lii'i'li ili'lrl liiinril li\ tlir ( 'o.lst aiiiM' .s^lll A l\ . Il l>. l.iiitiiili' SI iMi II., hMiib l.iiiinitiiiii- r.ii i;. IMC i\..v '•r.iiitiiMi' __ . •• m| Thr '.^I'li-l.ipliii.il pii-Hiiiii I'f Ml Sill. 'd. id, llii- lii:,-ln>t point nl Ihi' l-l.iml. tillriii liilliij sixt \ -I \(ll lift .lllo\ 1' 1 hr sc.l. Is : '•'"""■!'■ ;ia :■>'' .'■: n.'iili I,.ili(,'illlili- )..>() ,H', .j;i „,.,! ll Is visililf |.,it\ iM,. nulls I'lciiii s,-a\i,iid. '1 111 ri'liipilli'd lii.l;:iii'lir \aiMliiili Im .laliiiai\ I. |ss.-,, \m,.s \:, n.', i ,ist .iml dirli'lsi;; all> 1 ..'. //.( Inlisiit /;«! /iM /.■.II/.— Till- ( 'iiiH'ilfd l.st.il.li-liimiii 111 m.M i.'iv.il l.rlwiin il.. '''"■' '- liaiisii .111,1 till' inn. • ui lli-h W al.i is I .\ o'.i' . 'In,, m, .m i is.' ami t.dl nl : ■ Uir.'i and Iwu ti-nihs {,■, i ; ,,| ii„. s|,,in- t nlis. in ,• ;ii,d .'11:111 linihs (..i ; ..f ii.,ip tidi >. "' ■' '""'I' 'I'll! aM'i.i-i' dniiiiinii .,| 111., iisi' isi; .;i; ; nf ijn' l.ill. r Jii- : and uT iho si.in.i Tin- a\.ia-i- dill. nil.,. Ill III,. l,i;.||,.si ||i;_di ;,,i,i |,,„,.s| |,,w «,it..is ,,i ih.' s.iim- il.i\ i- Ihn'.' li'iili.s (...I. .111,1 111,. j;|-,.at.'si .lifr.T.'ii.'.' s,\,.|, and a hall' tr. 1. Th.' tiiiK's of liiyli ami l.nx Mains an- t. n mmnl.s . ailn i tli.iii lli.- I.il.hs -i\.. im S , and 111.' lii'iL'lits nearly the same. .Maiiv iif the p.aks .111 III,, smith s|.|.. ,,| S.ilila lois.i Mand :ii,' .■ .\ ei . d w il h lo-- Indi.in innnnds .■,,v | «iih m.irl.irs. p..si|.'s. .uiom In, id-, ind oth.-r .im'eiit .i ■ s.'alli'i.'d oM.| II,,- i~l ii„l. T'l,. 1 ||_,,. |,„,|,|„.| ,,| III,. „|,,|,||,U. 1,1111 , 1 pi i.'.'s, and h .in ■ that ai.' |. I... iiiiiinl ||..,v airmil .■M.h.iic.. ih.u ih,. idaml w.^.n,.-.. ilucklv inlialnli'il. Th III ,ii I. 111. '.. . Ill em .Ml lliii w 1-. Ih.i \M 1 (ill.l \Vl ;lile and IS itinl riii> : Is In |*'i;li ;ki'|ii 'till- 1 ,ll. :i,. MMlh - ♦■'T.'* ■' I'ACII If ('((AST IMI.OI', 93 alxml I' I 11 .- .nii'lmi .. . (• i|ll;UIr l>cl|i 111' I i'livi.;. I' itlHllI OlK aliclinp tlir islai;.: I' ijiiaili'i l|i ;niil :iir • • i.s III till II )ci null ■- ell l> liiM ■ ii'ticaliiic " ' IT ill « iiiil^ \\o-i !->■ at a il.-' •;..■ A-i.,/,,i> t.. ■■■ . ami NN\'- ||i. ill « iiii ii "• ■ ky ill |il ii'i-> :i"ii! itli i'ilil\ sIlLlll Nillimlii'l- rc>san '• l-I .Mill tn ' r.-; n.'llk «. -I 'I'll hull ii.'iili li I riMM! W I'Cll 1 1. ill ..r ;i lull -. - 1,1' si. Ill lias - l.ii '-^ nil I'- ^* is II piiilfil «Miial>l«' III' siislaiiiiii;; li'ii llioiisainl liraii nl' slocK, ami at lucsfiit is wfjl slocked witli Im i'|i ami liiiisrf*. ( 'a III 1 1 Id ilisi'i vi'i't'il tills islam I in I'M'..' ^\ lii'ii ciiastiii^ iimlii' t hr iiiaiiilaml, ami iiaiiMMl tliisiiiiil ^ iiilii ('ill/ 111*' Islamls 111 San laii-as. Alter I'ciirln visiinl tlii'iii he iiaiin-ii llifiii iiiiliviiliiiilly in I'l i, calling; llii-' uiii' San Sahailur, '• wliicli is the iimlilli' mic." Tlii' Imliaii iiaiiii' was Nirali|iif, ami tlicri' wi'li' liner \ llla;,'es ii|iiin it. Ill JiiiiJ It is iiaiiieil the Ula lie < 'lelii (111 the eliait id \ i/.eaimi, I nit 111- iliil III it visit tlie islaml, ( Ml tlie litli lit Man li. I 77 I. I >iiii .liiaii Teie/.m the tii^ate .Si/i/Zni/i., naineil tliiM island Saiitii Mil Client. I, and ek.\ islet lit" San 'I'miias. (in the Carta (leneial id' i7'U it is i|e>i;4nateil San .Mi;:iiel, and oil iiiliir S|iaiiisli iliart.s Santa Uosa, wliieli l.isl \ aneoiiv er adnpted, in I7'.l.i, and which has since l>i'*"J I Mined. ISl. \M» 111 S \N ^lHil I'.l,. I his is the « I'sleinniiist iil the Santa Kai liaia I liaiiiiel Islamls and the most daii^^enms to a|i|'iiMih. It is se|i;iralei| Ironi Siinta llnsa li\ a eliaiiiiel iiaiiii"! ilie San Miunel Passage, which '■ fjH^ 1^ ; hiee miles u ide ami is il -sci ihed nil |ia;,'e ",l'.l. It is the siilll hu estelli | mi lit of the Western elltiaiiee JwB t'i ilie Saiit.i I'ai'liaia Chaiiiiel. which is lice twciitvli\e miles in width hetweeii I'niiit Coneep- in'ii and the island, ur l\\elit\ nlie miles lietuecii rmiil < 'iili.'i'|ii'iiili and Itiehaiilsoil Uoek otV Sill) .Ml;; lie!. It IS a ;;uiid la ml tall and is \ isilile at .i distance nl l Im t \ li\ e miles. The cliiiiatic enmlitiniis ale MTV \ ana Ilie a inn in I this island. It receives the lull force of the iiiiilliuest winds ami swell, and in siiiiiiiiei. tn^s i iiMlnp ii imiie ih.iii halt the time. ICvcii if the wi illier eleais ntV in day I line t he tn;;s sett le ii\ el It at lli^hl. When We were encamped for more tL.iii three ninnths at i'nilit < nlici |ieiiin we did net see this and the other islands lor several wi.lxs.iii .leiniiiit of the I'o^. We t'ciiiid siiiiil.ii cnmlitmiis nil the island ill |s,'iL', and dillinn' the lili.il ^ill\i\ the same cniiditlolis Were re|tnlteil. I'lie isl.iiid is MMiiew h.it it re;;iilar in shape. I Is liiii;.'ei axis is -.es en miles si>!;;!i ei;;lit\ de;,'iees wisi, .iml iinilli < i;;lil.\ i|e;;rees east (S "ii \\ . and N.sitJ I'], .and this is the ;:eneral directinn nt I II' ^niith shore, otV which tliirtx to t'uii\ lallniiis are tniiml einse in, The a\era;;e width is mie ii.i'l a third miles, liiii ,11 the miildle a ureal iid;;e,niie mile .icioss, jiiis nut tn t lie iinrlliwaid one [ a.i. I 1 half miles, lerminaliii;,' in I'oinI Harris and Iniiiiiny; the westein put nt' < 'ii\ ler llai hor. Tins I id;;e li,i> liiilil hc.tds, al t. lining ti\ e li 11 ml led all I till ■. tee I elev.il ion. The aiiM ot' the island 1 Is I'lill tecll sipiaie statute miles, and the exlilit nf llie shnlelllie istweiily miles. The ;,'eiieral luppear.incc nl the isl.ind from sciwaid is ;^i'ntl.\ inlliii^, and when seen tmin the nnrth or smith it ifilsl e\hil)its Itself with I wo pe.iKs aliniit the middle, risiii;.' tn eij^ht hiindicd .ind sixty one and |ei;ilil hlimlled ,iildtilt\ feet alin'.etlie sea. riie easlclli piaU !;. Ill;,' one and niie i|liarter miles Iwiiilh li.\ east ^S. li\ l',.\ I'lnm the .isironnmi, al si.iiinn iii ( 'ii\ !ei 1 !.ii Imi, i> ihe hi;; her, .iml frnin it |tlie wi'stelii line lieais west, disl.iiit oin- am! one tilth miles. I'lie Inland is t leelcss, Inn rnvereil Willi i'n,il- 111. irked |i\ hi'.i\.\ s.ind diiins. I'lie slimi's .ue Imld, lunken, and meky, ft'itli a tew slmrt stletchcs of lieacli. <\inlinll I'dinl, the e.Meiii cMieiiiitN i'\' the i>l iml. is ,1 luoad elltV t'oitv feet liiu:h, then risin;; Ji'iiliiallv In the wesi w.iid, and ha\ 111;,' a ilaii;,'i'iiiiis icei siretcliiiii,' mie half mile east ward into till- S, III \|]-ii,'l |'assa;,'c, with t'niil ;;ioiinil and rork\ lioitom nnrth imi I liwest NNW.; t'nrthice )ll.lllelM ot a mile and oliea|U. liter of .1 mile iilf siiolc. .\\nld tills pnllil. I'miii ('.iidwell I'niiit to S.md.N I'miit. ihe western eMrciiiit.v of S.iiita liosa, the hearing' is Jlllli I i^hlN I Wn de;.'lee> t ,|>I , S. s_' I'., .iiiil t lie d |sl .| nee I lilee miles. /'••i'h' /;. (Oil /^ the western pnint nt Ihe isl.iml, IS .1 Inii^', nailnw, Innki II, and Ja;,';:ed lillllV, fiMiiljlnitN feel tioni the water to three linndied .imliiulil^ leel w itlilii a mile. .\s seen finiii all ^iliellnns, this puini I'Xhll Its Inr H\n miles ml Hid liiuli dunes, the s.iml nf which rises t'inin the luilliwe.sl shiile and is driven li\ the imrthrtesteis ■icins', the island. 'I'heli' are t lllce rneU,\ islets lliilei the smith snore of the pmnt and ,1 iiiiinlu'i >>( rocks and I'niil yinniid nil it. The small lock Mill I'liil ;;ionniI .11 e. .sii t.ir as know 11. w It hill I 111 limits nl'llie Ip and stretch two thirds ot' a le to Ihe west northwest ( \\ N W.I and one and niic h.ilf miles tn imrtli imrthwest ^NNW'.). 'I'l lilt imist es| ial|.\ lie a\oideil. "le ^'eojil'ilphical position of the e\tr wesleii: pmnl nf the isl.ind is: l.iilitiiili' ■| "1 .iini;itiiili^ l-.'d :..". ii.irtli, eo wi'nI. I ' I il , and HinImii. I.'nck. un ilu' ( 'm li-s I'.aiik, MMillitM>l 1 (SK. A !■: ili>l ant line IiiiihIiimI and sivIimmi muIi' I'liiiil //(()■/ (N. till' Mill tlniN |ii uid I'll I i|iiioiis. and till' lull lulnnd itnnllir Mmtli use- inl 111' San MiL'iiri Uland. !■> Inn;;, i|nilc nai low , lnuKcn to li\ I' liiindi I'll and lilt \ lirl niiK'. riii'ic i> a di'i'tli I'l lilliiMi lallnmiN .li nndt r tin' iM.^ti in an.;,'!!' ■<»■ (ill lliis |iiiint, and nn dan;;i'l > cMi'iil a il till' puiii;. lAtt'liI I'liiKC l.>land and ('innk Tnint it i.- tlic |iri>|i'i'iiiiii ainnn I 'null. I 'ill III. il till' i>lanil. iiiit h sliiHi' o I' till' i>land !•. 1III1H' iin'ti|iiliiMN than Ilii' imh i hw i^i t'a>l .sliiMcN, and ii^is lo luiii liuiidn-d a In-d and lilt\ and ll\f liiiinln-d Irti nii'nn niii-^iMh i.i Till' la-niii I' lit III llif Miiiiii .sill III- Is ma I U id U\ a in nail | ilatraii. ti>il\ l< 1 s| \| \ Iril III .mil nrar iln' wfsiiiii p.iit i>i lliis pliiran is ( ii ik I'liMll. It IS .1 lii« . II ri-;;i;l.ir |iiii|i-i and II Iliiiil inili-s Wist soul InM'.si iWSW. Iinni ( anhMll I'luni.anil .stuiilirs mil al lliiiijs oT a nidi' fvinu \\\r linrim nin;r ("aidwiU Pmnt and I'liint laimrlt. Il i- liir In links, lull a ii.iti'li 111 kil|i las li. df a niilo I' ImIji. — Till' kidp .unnnd llii< I>1 III, 111 nlV It. ind Is ill drlai In d I II Ids as (Xlllliitrd nil till' 1 I I rut S.inta r..iiliar;i Clianiifl. iHililisJitd li\ tin' (nast and ( iimlitii' Siii\c.\. Il dms not iil«.i\ i, till' foul urmind about this isl.ind. Ciixli'is Il.iihiir li,i.s a laiv''' l"'d> in it uitli loiil ;;ioni..; wi'siiin II ii. Siiiiiiiiinn < oM'. I.irin;^ to I ni' H' nil ni'itliwisi N N \^ . , 1 ,is .i liild li\ oiii' lliiid Willi'. iMi.dli'l to Ilir slimi. No d.iii;;i'is ail' known anion;,' it. 'I'lii'ii' an ip\ir 1 III Ion 1 ^; toll I 111 nil I 111' Wfslii II I MM III (it Si loon toll ( o\ c and .it tlir liollit itsiH. « )n ! Wl'st 1,1(1 , llClWl'l'l wilh Si moll ton ' 'ovr ,iiid rmnt riiiiin'! 1, tin ir is a l.ir^ii' lii-ld o\ n I wo no t'.istli' Kork 111 llii- midst. No kelp I.-n I'olllid at W lisoii IJork.s, Wiscott Slinai. m I, Mill llock. Mon^ lilt' .soiltli slioic air li\r or si\ pati lii'.s ol' kelp strctrlilli;; out as iniii'li mill'. \\\\ikiill I.ril;;c. with lilli in lii I ol w .lU r mi it. is in.iikid li\ kilp. hii; i'aidw, w itli inilcli till 1 1 ;; 1 1 111 111 I al mi I II I it. ii.i.< no kelp l.iid dow n tlii'i)'. Ihiihiiiji iljilni itxilind till Iflmiil. — ( ItV llir sollllii'in snji- of tlir islilliil till' w.lli'l- Is ijii aloli;; tlir olllil rd;;i' ol' 'In' kelp p.l'riirs. \ al ,\ III;; llolll twrUi' to twi-nl\ ll\r t'.itliollis; lilts rallioin line Is mil' and twolhiids mill's .smilli nf I'mnt lit ninlt. iinliasilij; to tin.. .siMitli oT Ciidwcll Point; liottiun tiiii' i.'ia\ .s.iinl and Inokrii shills. On t|it> noitii .si.l. I.sl.iiid tlicli' is d( I p w.iii 1 lip t^ till' liiii' iif krlp. I'Ul ill till' ati-a lioillidid 1p\ tl' Im I illt', W ll'.cll 11. s llnlh tun lo liV ( llnl a liall' mill s .i|) slmlr. air tlilri' d.in;;iimis iiits i, .scrilu'd III dci.iil niiili r till' 111 .id lit' I'linijiis. » t\ i i i Ins .nra i lie linliniii is ipiitc \ .u nil, lllolli;li lull', ;:ia> s.niil, ^I.IVil. ;:li't'll mud. lUokrll ^lull.s, and rot.ll nil I'lllli'f Isl.ind. liillidli'ii iai liiiin liiM' s- u'lchrs ini inilis low aids Pmnt ( 'oiit'i'prioii. I nit l.s clos"' iindi'i P lli'lt. ( >llt>lili' ol Phil, lids. HI Km k till' olic linndlcd l.lt lioln pl.lti'ail rontinili'S |n|' srM: In till' |ia.ss,i-i' liiiwci'ii San Muiitl ,inil Santa I{o>,v tin- .si(iiniliii;;s .in- (piitr ir^:iil,ii .it - tsM'iit.v l.itlmiii.s o\i r tine, i;iay sand, limki-ii slirlN, and cni.il. /''. < iiirniit.i, Inlliiw t lie 1 111 11 I inn ot I lie w 'lid»t. lull III till' pi i\ .11 1 in;: liol I li w ist w imI h. fdilli s inn III llir \V('st«,ilil lllnKl- tlir Ur nl I'mlil Prlilirll. ,inil to till' r,istu,iid illidi'l il r.tidiM'll Pnint III till- S,iii Mi;,'iii| I'a.-^sa;;!'. Uii H i//. — Kni' .Hid a li.lir liilli'.s nnllli li\ cast N. Ii> li.J flntn ( '.isllr I!ni k llii-siilti wati'i I-" iii.ii ki'd l>\ liliiis ol pi'troli'iiin siipposrd 111 .11 isi' Il 1)111 ml spunks liclnw tin' siiili, iiic said to III' .(l.sn iiiiiicatid li\ sinall p.iii Ins i,| ,isplialt iiiii oi liitniiiin .siiiii!,ir Inili.r I'milld on lln- in.l.st wrsl 111 S,ilil.i I '.,11 liai ,1. Till' ill, 11 I ;;i\r.s ,i tniil lat'inln sniiiidin. .spot. /' .iioiind S.in Nl i;,'iU'l tli.iii ainiiiid aiiv ol tlit'isl.i .'s.iiii I P II liaiit ;:iiiii|i. Koiks he olV C.iidwi'li Pniiil: till' \\>iki.ll I.I'd;;!' olV lilt' inidillc of tin- soiltli shm i.s otliiTwisi- ( li .11 : ii|V III,- iinitli .ind Wist 1, Knli.iid.soii Iti.ck ; oH llif iiiirtli Wilson 1 lift', tlif Wistt'i.it Slioal. iiinl (":i.stU' Potk. /i')i IiiIiiIkiiH limi.' — Tlii.'* l.s a lnik\ |s|it almiit olit' litlllilli'd add hixly live S .IIiIn lull;; IIM- \aiiU widf. .mil iiMs |p\ s||,,ip I, I k\ riills In iii.ill.v lilt\ li'i't aliiiM' the watii. Tliii sill. ill .iiid Inwii links iiisidi' 111' II low.iids the isl.iiiil. 'I'licy an- m'i-ii tU'lat'lit'il rioin riM'k oiil.v lioiii tlif iiiirtlii'ii.si and smiili\M..si\\,,|,|. || ln-s noilli liii\ |oiirtlcj;rf«'K wi'si ^ 'N;iini'il ill. rarii'lnii il.. 1.,., |,.,li, I Jii.iii r. ITT I. I III 111.. (',iri;i i..'ii.'r!il llial ii. it in ili- . Ii.iil'< :iiiil nil 1. 1 1 111 Liiciinli 1 liarta. 1 ll.' • 1 .l>' llllkcM. ! Ic.l ■,> • ll il , ll .1 iiM :, 1 he mil' ilr.r \i'^l (11 ' ■■•: Mil ..I . :■:,'. '1 III ill \ r .<>'. 1 il 1 'H'l' 1 .' Ill .ilmii' ' 1 ' '\ IruMi I'll ' '• ' . Cl'l'llt I ill«.l\- in.i: 1 ;:iiii]h.l ■ . :1, mil- Mil If ,llr ] 'Il !:■ on III. null". :■' a\. Ill I: ■' > iiiiii'li Mill" 1 1 ' 1- i|iii' ■ :■ ' li«ilii> ; to till' ' rtii Ni'li' 1 l'iiii\ !,•'. t.l> III \ .11 nil. ■ - .lllll. 1 III r. Ill 1 ■ ■.r\ (■: .. ;il ll ~ '. • : UI-, lllll lliIlT II -■'. • ~in r.ii -111 l.ll . , , ; ll,,' 1 lllll.- l>l.i: ll -111 -nil I nlijj |i-, mill : Till I :■ ■• lliiiii ' "'■■' i I Mr ■ It >i ii>x ':fil ' if 1 t' I ■ ' t i. .-v,,.--^--^' ■r / - ■ /< Alaniim Anchnrngp. N I y W., I uii X s.:ir K. s.',>- r.. I'riiH.- l.-.laiiil,SSi; ,;iO:{ffct. I .ler'sll:i Kli-lriiiNnii lvo( ki, off \'.r'-t I'liil cif Sati Mixiiil Isiiii /: /*- f" ■■ ■^^,.-^^•^1^,^ 1/ if -gg»g»>^*"^'-«"i\ r - Two Rorka. AlaniiiH Anchnragf>. N Iv \V., I mile. 8E. aide Suuta Cruz Islaud, (1851,) Vv Vt>idg'^--»aOr. K.Tf "00 feet. 500 ftiet. ;sr. ,:iO:iffct. I ler's Ilarl.i.r. S. l.y K.r. iMilt-«. N.irtli S.ilr, San Mi»{iicl Wnnd. (lASi!.! ,«*3i*S3*^ <)trv..-.t i'IhI cif Sati MiKiirl iNiiiiul. NW.I>> N'.,i iinli'. M, > }-X A ' i 1 ■i^- r i '( 1 f 1" i M _: Ilnllh I.. : o| ii, ■ ',M-( -.llllil . ■..-I' I M ill r 11 11 n .li'- .;■ 1. :,.!s ;iimI III ? Willill ^ Ci-ll,. 1 ll ■ 1. 1 Vv II fi;. .'It llir .!» 1 1 ' ;r (- • ■ I ■ •i,,i\ a i Inl ;. \1. >1 ;, l.lllt ,;;- Ii-lllii-; fll l'I...„l, .vV lis •i'i' i It 1^. I.I III. 1 /•'.. i !;■ iiiii'l yi ii I.I I i I'A( MIC foAST I'll.or. It.") i"I ii\i' anil ;i liair milfs tumi llic wcstci n |Miiiit of San ^l iuiicl, ami .-oiidi (•i;;li(ys»'V('n ilt'j,'rct's ■ > ^7 ^^ . , ili>ianl .sc\in and a half inilo lioin tlic niii lli |Miiiit. 1 1> ;^nii;iii|i|iiral |MPMliiiii IS : l.alituilr :il If, (!•,• inntli, l..iii>;iliiilf. 1-jH ;',| II ».>!. l! 1 1, IS ili'iji w alrr all aiiMiiiil it, I liiii liiinu lliii I > ti> I'ni i \ latlmiris v\ it liin mii' tlilnl ul' a inllr. :- (--let IS tlir ui'slrriiiiiiist laiiil ul' till' Santa jlailiaia i>laiiils ami lioiii it I'miil Tnni r|iriiiii i; liiais nm ill nim' ili'^'icfs west iN.'.' \\ . . i|i>l.int |\Mnt\ mii' inili's. I'nint .\r;;iiilli) hears lui'lilN I'lM' ilr;:M'fs wi'st N . L'."> \V . .ilislalil tliilt.\ inili'^, ami the lllshnli K'eiU. iili ( 'iirtes I . licai's siHil li lilts ile;,'irivs cast i S. ."ill il !, ili>i aiil mil' liiimlii'il ami I u inl v two inili's. Nil Uclii is ii'|iuilri| aiiiiiml this rmi,. iiiniii. — It I-. |iiii|iiisiil t'l plaif a irldKiliiiii liiii'i/ \\i^\ iiiilsiiii' 111' IJii'liaiiUiin l.'inU. II i/mtlrl aids distant \n illi twelve teel of water. Midway !• Ill llie extreme i-.ieks and \\ ilsiiii i;i ik ale three sunken rneks, ami one i|iiaiter ul" ii imle !!. I'l Wilson l\oiU IS aiioiher sunken imk. The ehait nIimiiIiI he emisnltiil ir other rocks >^i' III the main one. The \ iiinitv should he a\ mdeil. liei'aii>e III thick or I'lij^uv ..< athei the deep .11 iiiiiiiediatel.x aioiind the.>e dan^jeis ;:iMs little or mi u ainiii;,'. Ihiiinu liea\,\ northwest ^ llie -.ea lileaks enlllil\ ii\er the In. till riiik. No kel|i I-. le|iolteil aiolllld this reel'. I he ;;eo;;i qihlCll jiiiMliiih "t' Wilson l.'iM-Jv Is; l.aliiiiil.- :'.l "i; t-.' iiorlli. I.i'iinitiiili' I'-'ii '.'.1 •"•;! wisl. It is loealls known as the West li'mk. \\ . ^iiiitl Shoiil. — I'liokeii, ioek.\ nioiiml iNteiids IN ipearl\ a straight line tor one ami ii halt' ■ ~ mii'tliuest three i|iiaiters west i N \\ . ,' W. Ii oiii I he iimi liwest point of the island to a small ■ iiji lit sunken iiM ks I lose tiiyether just outside the kelp tield. I'tolii this j^l'iillp the shoal ex- .■!■- -oiiihvM >l S W . .iiie and a hall' inihs, and theme south I hire ipia Iters east S. J K.) for one •\ iilie thud IlillcN Id the exilemit.v ol the \i>ili|e Ineks oil Ihe uesleni point ol the Island. iliin lhe.se limits, u liich aic toleialilv well mat ked li,\ kelp. I heie are iii.iiin dan>;eis. iiiclmliii;; 'If h'oek. al II III I li\ e ei;;htlis of a mile hioad oil the iim I liu est shore. iWothiids of a mile mntlieast l)\ north half muth Ml. h\ N. I N.ifroin W'esicott Shoal • 1 1 1> .1 lour fit III I II I sou ml i 11 j;. where it is prohalile a liieak oeiius in In ii\ \ ueai her. This sound- _' i.s near the ml \\ ell, one and a halt miles north ii\ ea^t N. Ii> 1'. liom Castle K'nek. Ili/<7,i.//' /.(i/(/( !.> a sunken mek with til'leen feet ut xv.iiei npmi it. It lies one half mile broad '111 voiith sjinie. thiee aiid a half miles from the western point and tour iiiihs from the eastern ' "I iheisl.iml. Its exact position is oil" and a half miles smith eights Ililee ile;;rees west W. Ii ('look I'miit. and mi the i.in;;e nl' llii- pniiil and Saiid\ I'niiil. the western ex- iii:i.\ III Saiit.i l;o-.a Island. It is marked li\ ki 'p. with ,i kelp lield |o the east and to the west, I liiul. roik\ hot loin, w It h t'l mil three In ni\ laihom^ of w ,i lei, ex I ends IVmii it to the north-iiortli- ■ iiid e iv| iioitheast . N N W . and \'.S\'.. touaid> the ■-lime in Imtli cases. It has twenty ^ of watei i milled 1,1 III \ I lilt side of it, and Irmii iiulil to t uel\c tat In mis inside to the iioi't li- in isiw.iiil ( N m;. . '■-'/( /,i<(7., — Tlii.s roek\ i>lel,lwo hnmlicil and tml> .\aids hueu fast and west li\ si\t,\ ,\aiils ' III. Iie> one and a hall iiiilo iimlli li.\ east N. 1>> il.ifioin I'oiiit lleniiell. Ii •- f,'eii;;raph .il povition IS : l,.ilililitr :!l I'" I-.' lii'llli I :;|ii|.l,. t-.'ii ■.'! '.' '• \M -I . I' IS ,1 lliiei' headed i^lel, one li II ml lei I and f.ill.\ IiM' feet in he i:: hi. in the middle of the kelp- || north of Point llciineit. .\ depth of six and se\en lallimns nf water i- Imiiid around il. /•'nil/ ./r.»i(H '< ! ■* m d n I'Aciiic citAsr I'li.nr. Ill lIlC lu'l|>. t Wl> lllllll> III .1 lllllf I .isl iim IIm'MnI 1 I',N l!.i tVniii CioipI, I'miit, IIhii' is /• I ;i li.iir t.itlnMii'i ol' \v.il<'r. IIk' l.lttfl alxiiil two lllllis nl ;i liillr liiiiii sliiirc. ami (line am 'I'lu' ilaiiuri > iilV Canlwfll roiiit.ami nlV I'lOiil I'.i niMtl, ami at lln'\\t"<| of Siiimni arc ili's< rilu'il limit r llii>>c licads, alitl I lie ilali;;ti s in ( ii\ li i s II ii Imi an- di-i i ilird lliiif. 'I'll I lie kmKv i>U'Is till llir iiniili ami iioiiIumsI .s|iIc> nl San .Mi;:ml Ulaml \ a.>l iiii sia liini>i ri'»iii I, ami llii' Mimmits <>t tlinx' lii-\i>ml tin- ii.irli nt tlii'- 111 SIM Cow 1 illll lll;^ till' lilrtilni^ sraMill. 'rinri- IS cm- lia> ami ^cx i ral amliiiia;:i'> ainiiiiil llii> i->laml as rnllnws : ( 'i(i//i IS lliirlioi .- I ill >1\I\ 1 VVll l\f'-\l .'I'Ih' tliiM^I larr nl tli<' island, stri'tclllll;: xiiitli Mvt\ I « ii i|c;;i rts c Wfsl S lij i:. ami N. "i-l \N .' lot liHiraml a hall i»t .ll:i', null's, i> null nlrO r/ drr tile iinilli point liy Ciivlri's liailior. I'liis IS till' lirsi liaiboi' aioiiiid lilt' island ami Is a iiiii.!< att'h !aii;t' lia\. ll is a littif iiioi'i' tliaii oiif iiiilf t'rlwi'iii tlif rast and VM'st lit'ads and alioii! i , I liiiijs ot a null' I ii'i'|.. it lias ||I;;||, holi i sliuii's and a|i|iroai'lii's, ami a iaii;!' iim'I>\ i-lii. I'liim Isliiii'l. hair a iiiilt' iioitli ot till- t'aslt'iii lirad. Tills isli-t i-i i|iiiti' intimiiifiit. iisr^ |,, 'i:, iiiindiiil ami tliiff litt fii'valioii, is livf iiumiit'd vaids m cvtciil. ami lias a iirt'iiiiiloii-. Ian t •!' liollh lioi liiwi- ..t NNW.. Ti u'lt- IS a ilf|illi III si\ ami si\ i n rallioins of V atfi till its .stiiiliiiii Ai'ioss till- inoiitli 111 thi' iiarlioi stiililn's a ilnisi' ma-s ot l%i'l|i, lia\ in;; six t.itliiiiiis tiiidn;;liMiii i|,, ;:i'i'att'i jiait, liiit iiiai'l%t'd li,\ I uo ii'ils md lorks nrai tlif ninldli' ami aiiiinst tii liiir lul un a i!i.' W Till' M'slclli of tiifsr it'fts, n.iiiii'd Mnl'llr //or/,. In ais soillii liltx lillii' tlt';;ri i s , di-t.int loiir tilths ot a null' fioin till- \M'st iiidhi ot I'limt' IsiamI; ami tlii- I'lili ('(in A'oi /,. Ill tilt' liilddir ot t ili' rastn n i irt, lii-als sniilh si'Mlitfi'li iit';;lt't . VM'st iS. IT W taut oiii- til lid tit' a iiiilf I'm in tin' saiiii- |iiiiiit, w iiiisi a u»U oiir ijiiai tiT ol' a mili' liii t lit r in tin \:u 'it's till tlif saiiir iiiif. Ill tlif tMsti-rn pa it ol' t li c iiailioi iu' thii-f iofU,\ palflns, all iion;:li i;ii' |u> sai^f \va\ tiiroii;;!i ihfiii, ami lii'lwffii rrim-f island ami tiif tast iitad of ilif iiailioi. hi' :;" ami ,1 lia't' to m\ am! a liall latlioins nf walfi. \ issf Is foiiiinv; into tin- li.ii lior from t In- iioi t h wi'si j.ass om iialf mi If to t lif f ast w aid I'l 1. i:; ilai lis, and ;:iadiial!> li.nii rinsii m ii ii I il aim ast lin- tliiid IuliIi iiiail, uhnii loiiiis thf »f>!rn point III till' h II lioi . ^v lif II tlif.v pass I ill oii;4h t ill' Kf ip .ilioiit ihiif iiiimliid vaids tiom tiif^liri' and liaiii in tow, nils tlif Wfstfiii lii;:lit of tiif hav, wlifn- tlii\ amiior in ti\f and oiif ijn ii'ir 'atiuiliis, ci\ ll h.ii d lioltiiin, Willi thf I ml III ol I lif wistti n hfad hf .ii lii;; imitii sf \ i-n di .:i ' i - ■ .•' N. 7 I-'.. , and thf lirst lioiisf s oil thf shoi f lifai iii;; vsfst li.\ south oiifi)nailfi south W ''\ > . S.i. I'iiis atiiiinia;^!' will l>f aiircist tin- laiitiinj,' and sftiiiffioin all init iioitii wiml- W hli tl r.Tr'l llilW. from tl astfiii paitot thf cliannfl slioiild woi k Wf II iimlf i I'liiiit llairis aid as alio\ f dliii lid. It. iio\si'\fi, linv aif toinpf lied to c nlti li\ thf lastc rii passa;;f. w lilfh is t.lini \Mlii ivt Ip, llif\ still tliioii;.'li iiiid ili.iiiini liflut.ii riiiiff Island and tin- ra.st In-ad of tin- li.it!»'r. and, if tlifv f.in l.i\ .i comsf |i;ii,i|l,.i wjtli tin- sonthirn slnuf, tlif.v l^ffp witlii'i ■■;ii' i i;;liili •■( i lllllf of II until (' m lI'M-k Is \v I'll shut 111 oil thf Wfsifin point ot I'linif Island. 'I hi^ i: ii-: l» j diiiif in oiilii to a\oid thf siinlvf ii iiif 1; \s iiifii iif.s uii tin- ran;;f of < "an llock ami tlif wi'Vmi i/ jii,::; of I'liiiif Island, and oiif tilt It of a iiiilf iiisidf thf foiiiifi : I lie passage liftwffii tins siitiUi ;> :i«i. and Mif shoif '.s oiilv oiif ipi.ii tf r III' a lllllf 111 w idlli. .Mlii p.issi n;; tins iaii;,'i'. stici lot ilir in- ilioia-f 111 till' Wfsifin lii.:lit of liif iiailior. j 'I'liis will lif found to lie a \fr\ ditlifiiit passayi' for sailiii;; \ isst- Is tliirinn iioiIImm-sI :• • | ilii'\ \m11 111- oMi^i d to 111. I ill' SI \ r-,i| t.nlvs to if.if h t iif ,imlioi.i;;f , with .siani loiuii lo u "t ■• lif.iv > l»f Ip to pass thioii;:h, ami it Is i ifominiiidf d I'oi thf m to fiidi avol to wcatiifi i'l iin ■ !• ii''' and Midi I If l;ofl<. wliiih iiia.v iif approaflii'd on I hf iioi tli snlis within tuo Inindiid and lit! - <■-'' « 111' n llif\ .Mil fftih thf amiioi.i^f witiiin tai'liin;,'. \\ il li w inds tloiii thf soiitiiw aid ami > iiowfVf 1. It pifsfiits no tiitlifuitif s if thf diifi'tioiis all' ilo.sfK I'ollow fd. Tl If tlolillll'. iioiiml III ( 'ii\ his llailior is not nood, noi is it Itf It'll tl liiii III lull it is Will pioiiitfd I nun all winds f \ffpt tioni tin mutli and i ast, wlmli ;iif i.iif. \\ lif tilitaiiifd .It thf siii.iU hull Sf oil thr liillsiilf. lliiiiiiL' winlft. tl- -h uatfi diaiiis tlowii 1 1 till- wistfiii |i.n! ol tiif ion;: litMfh sou tlif ast li.ilf soiilli SI'",. * S.) tioiii tiif amlitila;;f. llif ;;fo;:iapiiir.il posiiion of tiif sinniint ol I'limf Isl.ind, w Inili istlini' huiitln lifi-lil. Is: •■■''"'"''■ ill (i:i -j;! iiiiiili I,iili;;illlili' [.J,, ,_,,, n;, „,.,( Or, ill iiiiu- s" up" •,'ii».:). HIH'. iiMuiiiiiii I ,. . Ilii'ii'. I>l lili: • ciix fli il u ■ Iiilrlitril II , ml !■< .1 I :i iikI ,iIm. : I , k\ l-l.t iiU~ 1,11 ■ : Miiillii I ii > .;. Iiiiiii;;!:' Il" ;!. If 111 I u. . . • -r.T- ■ ■ - ; (• lurl-, :, , I V 17 u .,1. ; ilicr III iIm I i |HI|I;;1| ' Il j ,- : ilii'i. Ii.i- :. ;■• .I\\:ilil 1 ' 1 . I> till' M - ' illllll 11'. - ■ , I I'lll Il i|l';^l 1 1' ' .■ i' II W, ^> >■ '. i, « lin i, I •:■ ■||> .11 '! \N lilr. if lln 'i i: » ir (•l;;lil|i I't I Ins iiiii>i I- VM'VU'I li [ii'm, . Slllll.'-:' '■" I l.ll -1 • » c^I « lllll.S.r , ',\ .ifl, III, .111' I.I !■: mil I,,- > i.'i ■ W II II f. iilii il '•"'■ 111. i'.\('ii'ic ciiN-r \'\< ,,r. 97 I nun I'liiu'i' I^laml we li;i\i' tlif rolluw in;,' li(';iriii;,'s iiiiil iIi.staiiccM: I'.iillt ( i.lll.|i.llMl l.lnlll N.IIIJ W. 01 J IIIIICH. Sill. Ill lliiiliiiiii l.i«lit \. Hi K. IK'.i iiiiliH. W . -t I'. 11 lit iif Sinil.i (ill/ Nliiiil \ Tj I'.. 'Jl III ill's, \ ii\ilii>;;i;i|>!iii' ,sk»'lcli <)('('ii\lrrs Il.iilinr h.is linii |iiilili.s|iril liy t lit' ( 'iiii.st iiiiiH icodctir Siir- mil ilir rliarl (if llic S.inia I'.aili.ii,! riianiiil slmw.s it.s ri'lalioii to tin- i.sl.nnl, I'lijnt Coiu'i'ii- I .: . I'll'. I ill' (^l.l■^l SiiiM'.v .-iiT Iar,\ ,i.'l,ilii>ii. ul IS.'iJ, i-; on I lie .-.i ml Invest part of ( 'iiylcr.s |i ■ i'.ii, aliiiiii liiii.s Iril ii|> I'll tilt! Iiillsjdr, Men 111!' |iiiMtiiiii lit' liii' lioii.sc al»it'a,st llu' aiiclu)ia;;f. I ^ iiuia|iliiral |iii>ilii'ii i.s: l..iiiiiiili< Ill'; iKi ii7 ■ Tiiirtli. 1,1 Mini I mil" I'.'ii 'Jl IH wist, I M. Ill liino - I'l ' 'JT*,;!, Till' rniiiimtfd iiiauiii'tii' vaii.ilmii was 1.") (Ml' cast Jaiiiiar\ I, ls.S."», ami iiicicasiii;^ 1',L' .. ■u.illv. h.'Jhiiini .\ii(lioi-iiit'ail, wlit'i'i' .small ciaft aiiclinr I'm' iimti'i'liuii linm tin- imrtliwfstfrs ui sfvt'ii I'atliums dI" \ If. niic i|iiaiti'l' i>r a mill' nil' sliuif, 'I'lirn- ,ui' -in.ill |i.ilrln's 111' |u'l|i aliili:; llii' sliiMc. /.'i.iif hinilitui — On the soiitli slnui', aluml tun ami l\\ii linn!.-, iiiilcs w (.■-1 uanl Ikhii Cinlwt'U jl 111, ami (III flif wi'st sii|i> III' ("rnnk I'mnt, tlnii' i^ a .^iii.ill imlffitatidii in tin' plat i-aii. nldm' iiiiar- ■ ii I "1 .1 iiiilr III wiiltli ami tlni'i' liiimlri'il > anls i|i'('|i, im inin;; a ;,'iiiiil Imat l.nulinu mi llic lii-acli in .; II . ii.iitliucst |i.nt of it, liiil llicri' is no am'liiii.i;;i', l./r(i/i.< I 'nit' — ( )ii t III' si 11 1 til sale of I 111' « i'>|i'i 11 I ml 111, a 1 11 lilt tun th His ol a iiiili' ('a.-^l .\anl from ti ' rNlniiiity, >iiii ill \ cSM'ls liiiil a s.itt' aiii'lima;;!' .mil pioicrtion Iniiii iioithwcst wimls, l)ut tlm : ;i:'[ini.ii'lii's aic fiiibiililui^ niilcss to tlio.->i' ai'i|naiiitt'il «\ illi tlicm. This atU'lioi'a<;i' is nami'il Ailains I n!i >■ lUijht. — On till' south short', oiif ami tlnt'i'-iin n tcis miles fast w a rd of Point ncinictt, tlit'iv 1- .1 ~: 11.1 11 i mil' I It. 11 ion III t lie noi i liu I'sti'iii part of ihc lii^lii iimli'i Ilir lii.:;li liliiil, \v Ihtc aiiflioi.i^^f is j; h ,'i 111 s|\ ;niil ;i hall to »' I u III f,ii lionis of u ali'i . u ii ii tin' pi mil to ihr \m'>i u anl ln'armi; soiithufst 1' \w si llii pl.irtfis wt'st (SW, l)\ \V. ,' W, , illst.ilit one II. ill llllli'. Tllt'lr is ,l l,n',^i' tirld of K |i 111 llic south and cast of it, lint lu'twciii it ,ilid Vdams ('o\ f the kflp is waiiliir,;, ^iiiiiifihiu <'iirt:, — riir norlhucst tare ol the isl,iml, 1\ iii;^ noiil.iast and sniillnM'st ( N I'^. and S " .'. Is li\c milt',s Ion;:, ami its not th.'asiii ii h.ilt is a limail liiuht, .si|iiari' opt'ii to tlif tiortli- ii'tiliwi'si (NXW.), two and one third milrs inwidili and two thirds ol a mili' ilci'p. Its south- W' ^!l III part is iiaiiifti Simon toll ( 'o\ I', u licic ,iiu lini:i;:c mis In' li.id in I'lom four to >i\ fathoms I'l A iih'i . with I lit' point to till' VM'st w.iid luai iiu ^ < >' ( ^^ ' dist.ml oiii' i'i;:litli of a inili'. llic iinitlii'a.stfrn part of this l)i;,dit is tilled w ilh ,i field of Uclp one and a half miles loii;j ;iiid c third hroad, l.\ ill;; par.illel « ith the shore, Siietelnii^ out one iliiid ot' a mile iiorthwi'sl ( N' \V.) I: Ml llic southwest pom I of Simon ton ( ov e is \ civ Ion I ;'i(iiiiid and rocks. On the s.ime lieariii;; :r I iliii'c ipi.ii tei s of a mile II om I he pmiil is foul Imi loiii w iili tince f.ilhoiiis u.itcr in a p. it eh of k' 1. upon the outer lioider of which is a depth of fouiiccn fathoms. 'I'lic si lore of this north w est lii;,'lit is marked li\ dunes, troiu u hicli the s.iml is driven over the li , 11 • I pall of till isl. Mid, and over the neck into ('iivleis llailmi, 'riicse sand dilt'ts show the ;;' I'l.d di lection of the wind, « Inch is so stimi:: ih.il deep ai lovos .ne cut across the isl.md b.v the I I li'ii ol the dri\ 111;; s.ind. The lii;^liest p.ii I ot' the Isl.iud is ch.llinclcd I'V tliese airoyos. /(,/',,», — 1 111. iiilcs were oliseivcd ill Ciivlcis 1 lai Iml . .iiid ma\ he assumed to he the same ic mill the isl.ind. The Correclctl I'lstahlishliielit, or mean interval lietwceii the time of the III 'Ill's transit ami the lime of ln;;li watei , is I \ '■ tti". The mean rise ami fall of tides is tlnee a-, ! s,'\,.|i ii'iiihs t'eet ; of spriii;; titles, livf and one Iclilli tect ; ami ol iicap tides, two and ei;;ht t' Is tcci. The me. Ill duration of the llood is (I l,'i . and of tl Mi i.'' •"• . The avcra^i' tlif- li'iicc licivveeii the Coirecteil l''.stalilisliinciit of the .i. iii, and p, m, tides ot' the same tlay is I HI fill ln;.di w. Iter ami 1'' !t '" for low water, llic dilVcicnccs, when the moon's tleelinatioii is ;;■' .ilcsl, aie J'' ."ip" ami 1"' 1'-"" respeetnflv . The aMiaLic dilVciciice in lieiulit of these two titles G i.s'iiic ami six tciith.s feet for ijic In-li waters and two and a li.ilf feet I'm the low waters. When tl" moon's tlecliiiation is y;reate.st llie.se tlillcieiiccs arc two and six-teiilhs feet anil three ami six- tl ills feel, respfctivt'lv. The avera;;i' ditVcicmc of the highest hiudi and lowest low waters of the t*.i:icda\ Is live ,iiid eiuht tenths feel, and w hen the moon's dci linaliou is ;;reatcsl, .si\ and ciylit- 17JU I' c 7 %l\ \ t"il t il IJi- 1^ r Its I'Aciric COAST ni.oi. flMltlls lr«'l. Tlir IiIl:1u'-I Im;,'1i t:il(' 111 till' Hvrlilv four lliillls (MTIIIS alMHit A^' Xt'" al'ltT th.' IlilNiir* ll|l|><'l tlMllsIt IMHItillll;: , Wlll'll till' lllllllll'.S llrrllll.lllOII is lim tll, ami IIImiIII .">' 't\'" llllnlr. h{,,.| soiiili. 'I'lii' liiwi >t III' llii' li)\\ \v,ili'i> iicnir^ ,il)iiiil ><'\i-ii .iiiil ,1 li.ilf Imuis aftt I tlit- lii;:li, .| i ' litlf. jScc Co. 1^1 and (licdclic Siiixcv liilt- lal>li> I'm llir limes ami lui;;|il- nl liicli ,; \»ali In, wliicli ail' Hist taken mil loi Sail I >n l;ii, am! imsenlieil emislaiits a|iii|ie(|, 'i'ljc • iieij;lils an- \er\ iieail\ llie same as lui San Mie^n.i 'Hie f:eu;:ra|iliic.il iiii>iii(iii 'if lln' lii,uiie>i |Miint nl the i>laml, naniel\ , the easiei n |ieal I..iiiniii.' 'I I'l •■•I iM'iiii I.CIII^IIimIi' I'.'l' •.'! .'..'i WlHl I ir. Ml I mil' ' ■ I'l ■' 'JT" i; 'I'lie emiipiiteil ma;,'m'lie v.iii.itimi lur ■laiiiiar.v 1, 1SS'», was l."» t-ast, ami tiu' annual is 1 .'J. The islaml ii;^li 1 he eiii'liimiv ut laUliiu; |i"»es>iiiii iil I he eciiml i . Iieie .laiiuai\ Ti, I'll'), ha\ III;: (III eeled Hal tiilmne I 'el lelo, his julnl, to assiillie t he emnm 1 1 e\|iediiimi and emiliniie llie e\|ilc)ialiiin as tar iiuiih as imssilile. I'l iielo al'terwards ii., . , island III v^liose hailiiii Ins ecin.m.indei had vMiileud, diiaii Ifiidi i;:iii /.. The Indian i. ' l,li|llillin,\ inn, and tllele Ueli' three Xlllajzes ii|Hiii It. in liitij \'i/eaimi n.iim d il San r.einanhi. and this desi;,'nalimi is retaiiieil in the ( ' eral nf IT'.*! piesei \ ed in the an ha < s al Madi id, nl w hieh we ha\ e the ! la' in;,' ii iiiseliall il is ealled Isia de liaxos. Ill 1771 I >ciii .liiaii I'eie/,, ciiminandni;; the I'li^iate .Vi/i/i'-ivk. named it Santa Knsa. <■ Spanisli ehaits ii was smneiiinrs ealled San .Mi;^uel ami Santa il.irliaia. The pieseni that adttpted \<\ \aiieciii\ ci in 17'.t.>. The total eMeiit ut' the slmre line ill' the islands IS alimit tssD hiindied and lilt\ miles. Tin; I'As.sAiiKs iii;i\\i;r.N iiii; I.si.anhs i>i- riii. Sama Haiiiiaka ('ha.n.m;i,. Tin; ANAl Al'A I'ASSAiiK. Tills passa;.'i' lies li(t\Meii the island nl Anaeapa mi the east and Santa Cni/mi ' The iieaiesi puiiiis i.| ilir islands ln' suiiih ei;,'lii\ scmh .ind a hall de^^rees east and nmi! si'M'ii and a hair cle;;iees west (S. .s7A I), and N. .s7;^ \\ ./ 110111 each iitliei. and ale h- apart. «hieh IS the wiillli nl' the eli.lliliel. .\s these points ale sliai p, tiu'ie iiia\ lie .said li'li;.'lh lo ihe eliaiiiiel. ; Si^e Aiiae.ipa and Salil.i < 1 11/ jsl.imis.i There aie lin millv ini: loiKs oil either Isl.md, and the w .itel is Imld elose up tll llielii llieieaiiv daiit;i'rs in the pass, i;,'e, and the depi h ot water r,inm-s I'loni iweiilv li\e to I'mt o\ er .1 liol 'olii of em .il, c-oai se sand and pel lilies, SI ml ,11 id shells. There Is Kelp eliise ui ■ ; ^ I'edio I'oiiil on the wesi and .Niiae.ipa mi the east, lint lioiie in llie eh.innel. Tuo ami a li.ilt' miles south \<\ west (S. Ii.\ W'.i lioni the easleriiniosi pmni m' S.r 1 Isl.iml tliiie is ,1 ilejiih 111 mill' ralhiiins one una' oil slime, .ilVoidin;: aneln)ra;,'e umlei i eiimllllolis. .SMlll;:;:lels ('ii\e Is also used as Mil aiielima;.'e I'l i the .siilltlieasi the sollli.! into ;;ieal ileplhs \ei\ siiddeiily. willi liotlmn ol ^leeii iiiiid and line ;.'ia.v s.iml. The eiiiielil Ihloii-li this ehaiilii'l Is. so l.u as kiio«n. ;;eneiallv to the smitliw.ii •leeasiDiiall.v inns to the ninthwestu.ird. I III: .-^ANI A ri;i / rilANM'.l.. This elianml ties lietWieli the sunt h« isti in shore of .<,ilit.l ('ill/ Isjiiid ,'ind the not shmeorSant.i l.'osa Inland. I'.ei uein the iimihern points ol eiiti,ini'e il is ,si\ mili'- I let ween the soiithelli | Is (i\ e miles. Its leli-lh Is. i:;hl miles and the ^.'elieial dlleelloi it IS noiihsvi'-f li\ iioiili and smillieasi li\ s.nuli N\\. li\ N. ,imi SM. Ii> S), Thiii oiill>in- lo.'l,. i,il iiihei shore, ami the \*. iter i> liold il.isf up to the isl.imls. Tlieiv Iiieks elose to the iioitheasl and east points of S.inl.i Uo^.i. ami oil the \Mst and soiilln^ of .San I a ('ill/, lull ihe.N laii not In- leekoiied as iiaii;;i'is in I he iliaiinel. 1 See ( 'an in;; ton. ' and K.tst I'oinisiif .■s.mt.i lo.s.i.and (lull Isl.ind. Sant.i ( 111/. i The ;:eni'ial depth of Ihi- ehanilel l~ Il sexellleeli In llilll,\ fallliims of water, IIM'I ol graj «aml and bmlu'ii siiells. The deep water from smiihward makes up into llie e,i- (if Mil f.ili fjtiiolh ^ ill I ji '.11 tell t '■ lit S.lli- |i spei ; Tl' ;■ Illiile S'^ ■|: III! |.:issi -f "II iiiiiy:. Sailii I ""' ' J ll:e h'l' of -1 II m|,t Ciii ;| 'i lleoti S llaii;,'enill H"lnidlli'': r 111. Imi.. lii-l. i-li lir • IC.ll, llr l ■ S.I! • , 1 ,„ ,.1 .1. n J 1 illM'l 1 •] .li'. (,| !!,f ( li.iiiiifl a.s a ilct|i. iianttw. Miliiii.imii- \ allr\ ul (di,. Inuiilivil ami lil'ty ralli(iin.>», willi llCty 1,1 li sctiLsr Id it. In .siuiH' places llic liliN tail i liiii' is Irss tliaii i>ni' iiiili- lioni I In- I wolniiitlii'il- t'iillKiin liiii'; anil ilinctls nil l,iiii| llic (lf|il li itM'lic-s ilncf liiiiiilri-i| falliuiiis. Ill il'i' limail !■ i\i' Mil>- r.i;;lil <>i I'.ri lni r..i\ ijir ikhiIm'.oi snjc ol Santa l.'ii.sa, i.s anrliiira},'!) I, li 11 lalliiiiii>, ii\.'r liiir ;;ia\ .sand and limUiii -lidU, .iml iimli i I lie west ami .sKiillivve.st points M ol .■^.iiita Cm/ air l'oinc\'.s t'.ixr ami l'ii>a Amlicpia-r, ,ill u| ulnrli aic iIc.m'iiIm'iI iiikIii llicjr 'l' ii -|Mi live 111. Ills. (Sec Aiulmia;;!-., S.iiila Cm/ ,iiii| S.iiiia l.'ns.i Isl.iniU.) rill riiiii'iil tliHHii^li lliis I'liaiiiii'l IS li'tini ilie Mill llnM'.si u .ii'il, aiiil in siiiiiiiii'i' winil.s IJicic j.s liinii .swell liele ill. ill lliimi^'li llie Aliaeapa Tassa;;!-. I Tin; s.\N Mii.i r.L iw.-^.-^Adi;. 'if. I'lii.'* pilS,s;lj;e lies liet^eeii tlie Wesleill pninl iirs.iiili K'nsi islainl ami tile eastern piiillt ol" Sui Mi^'iiel jslaml. These points lie West l.y m>iili ami e.isi li\ .Miiitii ^\^■. li\ N. iiiiil {■;. Ii\ S.) riiiiii 1,11 ll ntlliT. illst. lilt three miles. W il h a lai ^e li.i;;e (if ullll.Mli;,' I neivS nil t he e.lstern piiint (if Sail .VIiuiK'l aiiil lioi'ilennu ii Inr one mile. (See ('aii|\\ell rmnt.i As tlie iipposile piiilits are (|iiile IMlliiw (he passa;4e eaii liaiill.\ lie lon.sKJeieil o\er tuo mile.s liMi^. The ih'jilh of water tliroii;;h the pass,i;,re is liuin sivheii to Iweiitv fallioiiis, o\ er line ;;ia,v ttaiiil ami liroUeii slielis. Slietehiii^ niit om r half a mile lium the links ol) the east point of San Mi.;iiil hia\\ eiirieiit rips are fiiiiiiil in sinitherlv ;;.ili's, where ihe ,soiilli\vesteil> swell ami siirl'aee I III II III iiii'i't the normal eiineiit lioiiitlie inn lli wi^i w .mi. The soiiiiilin^'s in this liiokeii w. iter l.iii^i' from ei;,'lil tal lioliis, Ileal the loeKs, to ei;;ille.il lallioiiis lnw ,iiils the fair pa.>sa;:e ; ami no il.lli^'els h.ive lieell ill.seo\ ereil, .ifler .s|ieei,il search, o\il this ;;ioilli(i. r.liiKeii «ater IS also seen tor oiieei;;lilli ol .1 m.le oil .Samls I'liiiit, the West elnl ot' Santa i.'iis.i Isl.iml, ehiettv atler he. ivy norlliuest weather, wUtit a siioiij,' eniient iiiaUes tliroii;;li the |Ms.x,i'_'e lioiii the soiithwanl ami meets the swell. riiile Is lillle or no kelp o\ er the foul ^;liililiil oil llie e,|s| eml of .San Mij;llel, lillt tlici e is a lli'lil. Irmii a hall to one mile Ino.iil, eMemlin^ all aioiiml liie western eml ol S.inia Inis.i. .\11 ve.ssel.s atlemptin;; the .S, in .Miuiiel l'.iss.i.:e are eaiilioiieil not to allow the outer rock oil' III I' w est poll It of .S.iiiia Itos.i to hear aiivtii 11:; to tlie south lltliu aiil Ol West u aiil of south 1 IV east (.•s. lis !■;.) in outer to avoid the i'.ileott .Sho.il, t'ur di siiiplioii ol which see p.i;;e I'l ; 1)111 .sailinji \essels are recoininemled lo avoid this pass,i;,'e altouel liei , as the liulit airs and calms iimh'r llui lee . if .San .Mii^iiel Island and the stioii;; ciirieiils in the \uiiiiiy lu i|iieiill> cnmliine to dri\e;i M'.smI lowiiitl that dan^ermrs spot. It vessels do ii.se it, then the course which le.ids I In .iiii.'Ii in llie .slimtcst time issonlli three- M i.iiiers west i.S. j \V.) iiiid iiorlli three ijuaiteis e.ist , N. ; i;. , III. in thick wc.iiher, steei- southeast iiiir ipiailer east (.SIv | I',.) diaf,'onall\ tliroii;,'li Ihe pas^.iue IVi.iii >e\ en ei^lil lis of a inileolV I'lilice Isl.iinl ,1(11 (lis lers liailtor) to a posit inn one hall 111 le n|] I'll e I, 'nek. I llie .Hid tlllee 1 1 11,1 1 1 CIS miles Siiiilhe.i.sl (.S|:.inf the West point of .S.nil.l IJns i. llils will p.ls.-, I'lilice I.slalld ill llllIlN lalllolllS and I'.ee llock in twelitS talhoins. The lead nf ;;ic,it service on this eniii.>e iii apprnacliiny; tin piss;i;r,> II, iliiek w I'.il her. ,ind llie sniiiid of I he Incakcis will ,ilso ser\e as a ;4iiide and W.ll IIIIIL'. .S.iiliii;; \essels finin the soiilhw.ird should Iml atlcmpl the p.issai,'!' n le iiiiriiils |j;eiiL'rallv fnllow the dllecliiin 111 1 1 d. hill strniiu' eddies run connlcr iimli tlie Ice of the isl. mils and pro|ecl iiil;' points. In nniiliwi'st ucatlicr a stroii;,' cui rent swi'cps from iimler Cirdvsell I'.iiiit, the e.isieiii point of Sail .Mi;,'iicl, acmss the passai;i' eastward Inwards the 'I llcoti Sho.iI, ,iiid is freipiclitly tell oiithll dnuci .llld Inthr e.islw.ir I .if it. riiis. ti le most iiaiii,'eroiis eiinenl of the lncalii\ , should lie especi.illy noticed when atlcmi>t iii;i the passaf,'e. Ihip-nni Suiin'liiiijs <>ll' Ihr Siliihi li,iili,n'i Ishni'l.s. — Wr li;i\c elsewhere tjiven the ilecp sea K"iiiulint,'s of tlie U. S. S. Tusuiiruia from San l)ic;;o to the soiitliu.ird and the we.itward of the i^n ' f. I '.I ' i':ir ''I'lV: ll ii { ti li I i^iL Inn. \cl e.i- » ■'. I I .»• < * 1 1 * I* 1 i :''■ |. 1(H) I'ACIKIC COAsr IMI.HT. (.'ortt'H r.iuil.. \V.' now tiilitilati- llii>.»>' t.iki ii oiV llic Santa Uarlmra iHlamls, rt'iM-atiiij,' finii oi ij... Itnim'i : i..itiiiiiif i)<. > '.".I 11*; 1 I..'ni!lt.i.li. I .f^Vlil'iuM TrnijH'r.ittirr HiirlAii' Itolliim. i'liitrii> in iif Uitlom :ij 41 1.1) 1(1 M M !:■" I'j M 07 ll'J .> :i3 18 im VI Uf '.(I r, iicn 3:1 n 119 .'•» S.1 33 r;o u 33 :i^ ijti ■:* XI .11) rx ^» .T3 41 IM M Xl ;* 1:1 13 34 B.1 i;;i 14 M ll'.l 1:1 33 M 23 !3I 32 :U .D r.'l 53 :i4 :* l;l l. « 57.11 87.0 I .•AO, .13,7 ' Vt'lliiw ttniw II iniitl. 31) I llai'l I.I.M k iUllul XJ 1 !>.• n.. 4.1 II |lli» k •uihI. 3i> I II ml 37 3 linriiKli iiiikI. .'IM K I 'ii,(i«i . ^tti> AAlnl i.'i I liiitv ••ml, iiitiil. i:i>i<l 38 3 (ilutlKli IiIjii k •.Hill II \\\]\ III' III it i I tliiit till' iNMi Null ml in ;:.><, nni' ininilii'il ami tliiity ami twii linmlifil ,11 1 • \ ail'. ii>|»cti\fl.\, \M'>t >iiiilliWfNt anil \vr>l (WSW. ami W.. m^miiIitii ami luciil.v li.. 1 1 mil I he Mollliwrst |Hiiiit nt S.iii N iilioia.s, ami tllilt tlic la.st {'11111 aii' t'lUlN til tills ll\r liiiir" ' .soiitli >\N'. Ii.\ S. ( liiini I'mnt ( 'iinri|i*iiiii. Tlirx' la>l iiuh'-ali' \ir.\ iricyiilar lintiuiiiun tin- iiioliin;:atiiiii of llir a\i.H uf tlic .Sicii.i ( ■ (•Kill or S.iMla Viuv. 'i'lir ilii|K'.- vMlliiii li'>>tliaii lilts niiu.-s ol' tin' I'oa.'^l tiriiiination of iIiom' inonntaiiis, III .siili.s('i|iit'nt < loiiiiil ii.>inj.' tVoiii I lie iIitji |ilati'aii ot llir I'.n ilir. loiii .miiiihIiii^'s air liiiri' liiiiiilii'il ami t'i;;lits 'fi;;lit, loui liiimlifil ami lour, iiim- Itiiiiiliiil ami .m'sciiIs lisr. 1 icrii IiiiikIii ll ami .sewn lallioiii-. tin- lii.vt tliiirsvitli loiks liotloin. TIiim' ail' .siiii. ; ili|itli> ol issi'iils tsvn liilliillril ami i'l;;lil> fijilil, ts\»'iit v t vso liiimlri'il ami M-sriits -ax, I v. . Iiumlicil ami >i.\t,s oni'.ami Iwciit.s x'Si'ii Immlii'tl and clrscn l,itliom>, ssilli lnown (lo/.rai . iiiiiil, Tlir ;:i'ii^ra|ilii('al |io,>iiti(in ot tlii^ siiiiiinit is latitmli' .tj~' .'ii;' imiiii. ami loii^^ilinlr > West, lii'iiij; >i\ liiinilii'il aijil lil;ii'ii niilr.> .--oiitli t'i;^lit_s om' ami a li.tlt i|i-;4iccs ssr.-^l (S. .sij \\ rriiiii I'oiiit < om-i |Miiiii I,ii;lit. Tlu^ loiniiji'ii's till' i|iMii|iiioii ol' till' Sania ll.iiliaia l.-laml.-< ami iiiaiiilaml ;• liai 1 iii. FROM rOINT CONCI-.PCION MO:; T 1 1 V, ARU. I'lilM .'.Ki.ll.I.I 11 • Till' liist licaillaml to tin' mntliuanl of Point ('oiu;«'|H'ioii i> Point .\r;;iU'llo, ili.stani I'li'Si n is'i loni lit'ili- mill's ami li.'aiin- iiiuili -imv Cair ilcyn'cs west (N. ill W.i. This is ihr v •'• t'.Miiiiols III oiu' 1)1 ilii' -1 lumlais a.Ms ol tin' Surra t 'oiiccinniii. wlii'ii- the .sciiiciitiin' loi K .sicii III ! ir^i' ina.sso siirti'inn^ into tin' sra. in till- lariii'si ^rii'^c tlii^ 1 01 ins a ;^iiat i'a|ii'. two anil a hall niilc.> Inoail, proiirlin;; 1 i.i.: hair mill s ui'>ts\. nil 111 Pmiil ( um i|i(iiiii, ami loiniili^ the lilst an;;li' of thf ililli'ition ul lln < i"-' lino ill ciiinin- tnnn iln' miilh. as I'mnt < oiu iimioii loriii.s thf .smiml. Fioin tin- loasl u till' siiialli'l I'liinl^ 111 Ilii' r.i|i( h.isi' 11 It IS III s|n'iirn naim'-, Init Point .\l;;llrllo iini|ii 1 thi"t small |iii |i'i|ioii lit liir , .i|„' til ihi- sMsissanI, I'lmu tiir ilnatrls lii;;li ami io :ii hiii;^, cons i'l;;in;; lal-is to the iiisilim' at sixtciii t't'ft aims I' the si'a. InroiniliK' IViiln .scawanl Ilio litnil/nll for Ihisiapi' is lin- TnutqutU^oi ]l,iiiiitiiiii, a ti ipli- .'■.ni'-'! IK-ak (lint {ii'iicralis seen as ijmilih' hiailnl . u hiih 1 i.-i'.s in an tlrs at imi of twi Ills oiii' Imin' • Naiiiiil In \ .11. i"ii .1 1 III .N.u.iiiliii, |;;i.;, ^,11,1 1.1, lit, 11,1111 .Si;; 111- 1 111, 11 nil 111. I lull 1 a' S.iii I 'ram is \ .■■ K folll u| !i,,. I )•» f w •» ^ T ' l<> I.iiimIiiik li'iMitHHi. '.'.I.n; IWl K«|mclii t hll, MM fii't. I'oiri I IbUiicI ^ /.«.'' v.. /- i'HllIittll Hi TranquilloD Mount^tin, 'i.l'M'> tVci , , •■ iJtr^ - r.r.nt Argiioll.!, 8K. by S /.JJ iiii'uv*. I ■,v. fil > it:' ■ HH , \i ktoflgnB M H^^^B^H ■■■H: '^^K < 1 oMmt ri 1 'H mi 1 " I - w :i. fe ■ ,-/ , «ct3. .^■■tV-^r. /^J^T-^W*?.■«?LOM».-.«^f»•■ "^.. r Ve^?^A7?''*"»'';'''''r?~«?t!fe*-,,^-=.=«!0*jr'''!!Rj»5Sc;3r3>^^ TJ^.^ 'Ji., .-t^ ■i .- Argnel!" IjiindiiiK. Traminillou W"iiiitaiii,"J|13G f«et. E«pa(ia Cliff, 300 feet. :^#^;l^ b.iA- l{i.U\ roint. Saiils Ro8« Inl»nil. Sau Migne! IhIhih! ~V"-s~ «« "T^ ^ , Point ArgiiHll.., HK. by S.,ai miles. i^^SSESa^ i- W' 1 .«■»■ i f|..li'\ mir I'l' ni' ilii |pii|lll, ;ii;i ll. > llllic ,■ I.i-lll. Mir\r\ I'll ll 1." It I- \ isi Till' (11,1- t\\i| mill's (Iri lillllilli'il Iri'l III' lili- lliiilllll liMilli-- I well mill's iM^i 1 Iri't lii:;li, :ill riLliili'i'll lillli slioli . is M .-.I lli'i. ' 11 tiini M .l.l,ll-(s ;is lliilil I'lillll ( ' Hiilli llli' » ill ^llM|■|ll\ 111 tl 111 llli' r.-|i;li| IMl-llllnllrli, 1 lllll, Wi -t of ll|r\ ilflTIMs ii,lli;,'l'lS :ilii| .1 /•(/»( //i lliilll tills V 11 I ;iill. mill !■- Iiilt llir >\M' lllllrs liol tla( 111' li;i!r ;i mil Ulii'ini \iMi. ;: ■ \vii ■: Ni I'lr (•; it IS |llll \- if V I'lillll \ WsW.l II,.; iinliril ,\;U •Ml Inrtx ll i'l'VirllllU |l '■ 1'' ll;il\ 1- I I ' '• mil SI. li 1 ', Mck. "I I lIlilM- II '111' III itll sji < 'i'' 1 tS('.i itn i' '. 'Ahl 11 '1 :•■ limi uj' ■I II III llli I'ACIKIC COAST I'M.dT. 101 I'l^hiv iiiir I'l'd. iit fiiiir ami ;i Inill' in lies noi ili ,sc\riit\ ilf;:ri'(s cm si (N. TtP V..} iVoui tlif cxticiiiily III ilic p'liiil, lull hack Irnm ilii' slinic In \ tlic lii^'lil. 'I'lic iiioiint :ii:i 111 > iiiiic and line iinailtT niilcs iioilli Imlv live dr^^ncs west (N. I.'i ' W'.i IVdiii l'i>int Ciiiiccp- (■ I.iLiiil. TIk^ wcsu'iM jicak is ilic lii;:licsi ; tin- raslci iiiinisi jicak is a scant i|nai ti'f of a milt* ili>!.nil. Till' -cd^'iaiiliical iMisjtion of tiif priinarN li ian^Milalion stalioii ol' tiic V . S. (.'oast ami (icoilclic MUM'k I'll till' siiiniiiit ol tills iiiiiiintain is: l.iiiiuili' :!i :;i .vj ii; nii. l"ii'jii"|l<' IJH ;i;i II .01 Hi.st. It I-- \ isililf at a iliNiaiici- ol' lilly I luce iinjt's. TliiMoast lini' Ikiuccii I'oiiil ( 'inircpcion ami I'ninl .Xifriirlln ciirvrs in a loiij:. rciiiilar sweep, I\\ii miles deep, to the Mil! lliraslwanl. It is lioideieil li\ Imld, roiU y I'lilVs j.'(neially r.lli.uMn.l,' one liniiilleil Iri'l III lieiuht liiit leaelilim nearly I'liiii' liiiiiilrnl leet ,it the ili-rprsl p.m. The ereslliiMi (•r liie II iilams liehiiid is hairl.s I u o mil. s distant troiii the slime and iiaiallel ilierewith. It ii ,h 111 ■- t weiit.N one hiiiiilred ami ei;,'lityone leet elevation at Ti im|iiilloii. 'i'line ami l«o thirds iiiilf* east liy south {K. hy S.) Iioin 'rr,iiii|iiilloii is ( )aU Mniiiil i;ii. two ilioiismd and I'm t.\ -lour li'i't ImuIi, and marked li.\ lar^'e oak trees, I'.ii wiiu it ami riampiilloii is i'm^peei MoM.iitaiii, I'luiileen hiindied ami ei^;lil\ teet ele\atioii. In limit nl t his crest. line, and halfway towards the slinii , is a sllliordinati' series ol oiiteroppiii^ hiMd> t;i\ in;: the idea of a jiaiallel and lower lid;^e Ik II :aiii directions. ;■ 'le I'lc, )irst jiart (d III. ' cm A cd shmc. Iiei wicii rmni ( 'miccp'ion ai:il rmnl .\r;;iicllo, is u 1 i''irmeil li\ the slnliii- aua> ol I he face ol a L;iiMt Iraiisx ei sc iid;;e. It w k iiowii to I he .>! ., ,.i; IS as tin- /-.'.v/i. (./.(, and lies ||\c and a hall miles imrth foil \ two de^ici s u est , N. I 'J W.) Iieiii I'liiiit ( oiicepcion l.iuhl. I'lichiuliest pait islnnken aboit mie hiiiiilied and t\\eiit\ .\anls I mm the water, and at its j;iea test * h--. .itioii is three Ininiiied and si\t\ feel almxc I he sea. it tails sliiii'|il\ to the soiilheasi to si\t\ live feet and to the northuesl to ninety feel. I'.ihind the head I'l I lie I '.-pa 1 1. 1 is a si i- 111 ilepiession in I he riiU'e. which then rise- dii'ectl\ to ( ».ik M mi main, aliead.V iiii-iitiniicd, lieaiiiiki iioith tueiity ei^lil dc;:recs east (N. L'S K. . one and two tliiids miles I'loiii the ihll, \\ I st of the Ivsp.nia the cl ill's colli i line at an elexation of one h mid red feet I'm four idles, w hen tlii.\ ileciease to lillv feet, and then increase tou.iids ji'ocky I'mut. 'I'licre are no knou ii oiillviiifX il.m;,'i'rs alonj; these clilVs. l((/"(//ii l.iiiiiliii-i — .Mioiit hall a mile west of the ISpaila is the wharf for shipping,' product- '111 iliis vicinitv. it lies noith lmt\ si\ deities west ^N. Pi \\'.:. si^ miles from I'oiiit Coiicep- II. and is readily reeoj^'iii/.ed li\ leteici to the INpada. I'lic 1 indiiii,' is broad open to the sea. Iiilt the sudl is so;i,e\. !iat mnditied li\ the liclds uf ] dp Ism;: otf the shore. They lie;;in three imli-s iim I livNesi fi...,i I'oiit ( 'oncepcnn ami i mi in liiokeii lii'Ids for a hm it live miles, at a distance "I hall a mii" frv n nV.si' , and ^eiierali,\ one i|iiaiier of a mile broad. U lii'ii a •. ssc' i,-, a iittle more than half \\.\\ irom I'oinl ( 'mice|)eion towarils j'oini Ar^iiello, the \i-iii',! ■ wleu- « !! Ill' Micectl.v nnderOak .Mountain, beariii;^ northeast ( N Iv). with the ICspada M III the easi wai,' it IS pi ob' I lie !'•,' i' lii;;ht bet '» ecu Point < 'oiiccpcion and I'oint .\ririiello is the I'nsemida de A'tiio of Vi. ,1111. , hail. I'cillll .\t;;iiel|o is tlie\er,\ narrow. |ai,'i:eil, rock\ projection sticlchi I.U' out weslsoiltliwesi ^\>\\ iie.irl.v ei;;ht hnmlied > aids troin the eeii,.|;il ,iii\,. of the c.ipi . with a width of two ii'imliid \ari|s and a hei^'i if one Ini mired and twenty ha t o,er the cliH ; mi the smith side ii ml J'l'Mi lnrt\ losiMv feet o. Hi.' aoiih. .\s seen P. nil the south aiiil ...alliit is a low, loni;, dark pi'Mi I iin^ pmni, iiearl.v ofi. ame heii^hl I'm o\ I'r hall a mile b ick. Tin' e\l remil.\ is only forty III'' ilinc the sea, with an ooilv iiii; lo'k on the line of I he son I hem cliiVs two hnmlred yards sea- ' iml 'I .\ards in evt'iit : but lucre arc plciit\ of smaller locks between the point and tlie ' 1 lek r V III! ml red > aids in from the pmm the smith clill uses t c hundred and twenty "' "I'lve III . t;, .; Ill then a narrow enl Irom the smiih sideneail.v icichcs a similar cut from • m nil side, ,1. imii;,' a de|)iessioi! or s.iddle ol'si\l\ feet, llast of this depression the soiitll ' i --es iin;ain to om> hnmlred ,iml I went \ feel. On this accoiint the poiiil shoas two very sli<;lit '-'^heiisecn fr.'iliie smith b\ east ,.S. b\ I". , ,iiid iioi t h b\ west iN,b\ W.>,andit is a mere ' 'i"ii of tiMie w hell the oilier held sli.ill be sep.iratcd completely Irom the imier by the weariii{( ■■ '"11 ot the sea. ' .., k'^^ i -I I M' !!:■ 1<>2 rAcii'ic (OAST rii.oT. Till' iioiiit lias 0110 luarUcil |u'fiili,iril.\ iii|H)itaiit tn ilic iiavij^'ator ciMiiiii;; iipiin it iiii('\|ii in iiiit'aviiralilc wcailicr — tlif >iiil.ici' nt' llic t'xtn'iniiy nC llic |mml imw prnifcls liryoml aii-i hand's tlic base at tlio watci's cdj,'!', as il' llic lower jiarl iiail fallen a\va\. We can not ree.i noti'.Me lonii ill our earlier aei|iiaiiitaiiee w illi it. a!ul tlie shape will piolialily elian;;e w I,, upper pidjeetioii 'neaks awav. liinl.ji I'liint. — One iniio sniitlieast 1>\ st.ntli (SI',, liy S.) i'roiii '.'oiiil .\i';.'Uello is a sli;;li; jeetiiij; i(nU\ iioiiil, inaikeil t)\ a ;,'|-eat many ijetaelieil I'ock.s close iiihler ami aroiiml it, an! smimlii, loiiiullll;; llllliirk>, tlilfe iiiimlretl or t'oiir lilllulreil feet lil;;li, close liellilul It. NVIi. ■ ]Miiut i> seen from tlie northwest. jiist oiitsiile of I'oint A r;;uello, two houses cut >he onllinc .i_. the sky. From Kocky roiiit the ni;r;:eil sliori' cnr\-'s to the east southeast ( I'.SIv ■ and nearl\ ■• cast tor a couple of miles lietnie iii.ik 111;,' its sweep towards the I'.spada and I'oint ( 'oiieepci.' i;ock\ I'liiiit. with its lii;;h rniiiiilin;,' liilN, shuts olV the direct \ iew from Point .\i;.'n> Point <'olicepiiciii, lull since the pl.iciii;; nf the whislliii;; hiioy otV the Point, the coast sir m from the north run lor the Inioy and then Ia\ a straight cinirse tn Point ("onccixion. as tin ' is I'peiied out neatly hall a mile ili ai of Pinky Puint. Thii'c ipiartcrs of a mile niuiii l>y cast N.liyK.i from i'oint .Xr^rnello is another in.:: very sli^ihlly inojectin;;, ruckx point with a c !'■•• <oint, and vessels niiist j;ive it a ;,.iid licilli in passiii;;. The winds hlo" . stroll!.' over it. and llie swell is lai;;er than oil' Point «'onec|iciiiii. liciansethc full folii norlhwesterl.N swell is dellecteil li\ I'nint Ar;:nello. on Point Ai-nelhi \cssels fmin the northwanl first si;;lil the islands nf the Saul. i 1;. Channel Jiisi altnve the hori/nii. .S5.1II Mi;,'iiel and Santa Posa are seen in clear weather, tin 1 just toiichiii;; the rock olV Pcick.N Piiiiit and stietehin;; west as a Ion;:, liori/ontal line with i nil the West, and the Inimei lisiii;.' as line Ion;;, low rounding,' mass, and a smaller head west. Aii'mniitn Wliistliiifi lliiiiii I'jy I'l'iiit .1 ((/!'< //<>.— .\s an aid to iia.i;;ation in IhicU aii'l : Wfalhei the (tiitdiiuilir H'Jiislli iltj hlU'il li.ls Iveeii lepl.iccd oil' Point Ar;;llell(i ill se\enlecn fallp' water n\er hard s.mdv lintliiiM on the followiii;,' lieai iii^' and iaii;:e: Coasi Sni\e.\ si;;iial ■ piiinl 111 ran;,'e with sharp peak tMstinntheast. It is painted w ith /WdcA- d/n/ /r/u'/t /(/c/k /■ stripfn. The ;;i'o;.'raphical position nf ihe extremity of the cape is: l,.ililiii|i' :il :!l 'JT .7 iKirth. I,..iii;jtii.l.' IJe :'.- .Vl',;! w.-i. Or, ill limi' -■ e-."" li.V li. The computed inatjiu'tic variation for .lann.irv I.iss.'"), was lo PJ' ea.st, and the annual i ■ ; is 1 ._'. I'lciin Pciiiit .\r;.'nello we lia\c the followiiij; liearin;;s and distances to iiii|Kirtant pour I'lMiit tuiii 1 p. ;.ii. I.i^;lit not iiinr\ i.HiMi-i s. I'l.'ij i;, IIJiniN'x. .MiiUili" nf Siiii Mi Kin I PaHsa)"!' .s. 1.'. W. :17J mi Irs, Itirlianlwm li'oi k. iill'S:iii Mi^jinl iMlaiiil S. 'J- V,. •,".) iimIin. rnirit San I.unt (Ol.i»|ni) N. '.Mi \V. :ir. niilrs. Ticilra" Hl.on ao I.i;'lit-lniinM' N in* W T-' inilis. Tniiil Snr N. I.' \\ I J ill- When a \i's>i| is Inoad oil Pniiit .\r;.'iiello and well mil lo sea, the peak of S.iii \\a\.\< Iwip hnndtid led lii;;li, can he in.nli lit at a distance k>{ I'nity or loily li\<' miles I'tom lln This l.indf.ill is 111 I.atiluilr :it I'J :i- iiMiili. I.iinnitnili' Il'.i 1- M «i-l The oll'hhore si)iiiidin;_'s ineiitioiied under the lu-ad of I'oint Ctiiiwpcion apply etpi.dl- eape. .\s this cape is more westei 1_\ I lian Point ( 'uneepeioii, and ii point of deparlnti' for the ■ • ' ^oili^' south inil.^ide Ihe i>l,inds, il is iiii|>oi laiit tli.it a li;;hllioiise and l'o;;w liistle should In ' tliiTe ; and the I iiitiil States has ni.iilc a Peseixalion ol I'oinl ArKUellii lor this purpose. "I . •' hi I uvi: ill Ih . I'll 1: ' 1\ plr ,1 «.:: It'll I' l'_'.lii to I iull, ii.'IIm ' I'lllll' 1 • .' 1," i.-li.l'i:; sia.'ili.' to tiTl.i >\\ ilUlli' V ol III.' i 1 l'..nl'.ii,i In lill.i h ,, ;;. i.i ,1 ;.. Ill" Ilimi;^ I'f ll oil til.' ■ ;|- i:'^i ri m rm 'I' Trenqiiillon MonnUin, SE. hy 1 ,5,136 fret. I'oiiit IVilcriiBl.i. ■■_''-%, ^/, ^ Trani]uilloD Muu.itaiii, i,\'.fi feet. Id hazv w< •-.. ^. y^-k'*>^?'wg-rj?r .^t. 1 1 .; Miiiint M<(;il!, '.t.'.'ll ft-.t. 77 iiiili-N. Loiiipoc l.aiiiliii({, EMi.,:tl uiilm. 8mi Ritra.'l ! I.* I'uriN '" f.-*^K _-«» .•AV-v'i=»-«^'ifc.*ir«T'^M»-^ v"'r^«ir5cJEK»'!»N»'3l8rXi:'fr'?^/a . • Piiiiit IVderiiB). - SK. I>.v S., 7 milrn I'oiiit Arniii-llo, S8K.. «i mile tv wnalhiT. Black h»»<) iif i>a (londa Point Arguello, 8E. by 8.,7 milx* J^i-fi v rt' tf rt- T'-tyjt- "" lUllt'H. Sail Rafai'l Mouiitaiti, fi 1W7 fcff, 411 iiiilfii. I.a I'lirimira Kivt-r, ur Santa Viii-t. ill < a'T' i Tri»iii|iiill(in Mnnntmi), SK. liv h 1." K . "J ill i Im '// .. ■' < '■.^: Tr»iiiiiiilliin Muuiitaiii, '^.i;!*" iVrt. Point Arguello, 8E. b; H.,7 miln I'AIIIIC niASr I'll.ol. l(i; I {iivii till' nilllv ill;: lucks ol' I'diiit A I ;;iirllci I lif sliMlii slii|i Vmiliii /.'/di/i stlllck jiikI was lost (in ■ li, ,1 of ( >clni\(i irs tn tlial ilalr, it is called 1 1 rcilcllialcs ( 1*111111 of I'lillts), hut IVc(|iiciill\ ami cnoinoilsls |H iiilcil I'cilrn Sales ii|miii ollicl' I'oniicil.v it was callcil San I'cilio Nolax'o. Il is known to ilicoM icsidciil Spanianls as j'l :. males, Inil Vaneomers name is retaiiieii. I'niiit riilriunhs.'' — This |i(iint lies one anil t wo I limls miles e\aell> mulliol I'oiiit Ai^jiiello, ,11.1 may he tairlv eoiisiiieretl the iioriheni limit of that iiolalile heaillaml as l.'oek.v I'oiiit is con>iiI- ;. '! ;lie soul hern liiiiil. It does nol |iri>ieet tar IVom the ;:eiieral tiemi o|' the shore line, and is of ' >(| extent, I nit I lii> lower land lo the iioitli In iii^^s it out. It i ises to one hiimlicd and lift v feet . ■. i' lull, w illi sleep slopes to seaward aii| (he hi;;lier land fiiither ■..li aslwanl across theCanada Honda. Close iimlci the elill> ni' ihe small, jau';,'ed points just , 11 .iiid south of it lie clusters of rocks. .\ rocks is|,.|, litis \aids in extent, hes two hundred !. west southwest ( W.SW.) from llie extiemit \ III the pnint.w hilst some recks alios e water stretch .■ iiiiiidied and lilt v yards st ill fin I her to Ihe we>l w aid. 'riieie are two sunken rocks l.viii;,' oil' 'ih |..iiiit, llio farthest, three hnndred ami tilts s.inN wot mnlhwest (\\ NW'.i, and the other, tsvii I imlicil and liftv yards wi-st from the rocky i^lit. riiis Mack point and the hIacU lork are ipiilc conspiciioiis nhiecls, ili,. more especially as the - 1: .1 .liiiies OS cr the clilV coin men ii the north side d' the An. is n I lutida. \-- at Point .\i^iiello, till' lii;;li inoniilaiiis rise rapnlls a shoit distance liehind Ihe coast line. I ..IS deep svater oil' the point, aiiil no hidden dangers hase lieeii re|iorled other Ihaii llio.se ni.'l.lioiied. The I'lininlii Hmnld. — 'i'lirce ei;;lilhs of a mile iniithwanl ol roini I'edeinales the stream 111 "i.li the deep, iiariosv;,'oi;;e of the Canada Honda eiiliis the ocean at a beach one hnndred iii'l lilty sards loli;;. 'lo the iioithwaid i>l the caii.ida, lli" sand appears to hase lieeii lilow n up '. ■ I the lii;;h, sv hit e faced dill's, and cos ei s the slopes of Ihe hills apparent Is as lii^di as t luce liiiii' iii'l iici, extiMidiii;.' to the moil III of the riirisinia IJis ci. Tins is a imlalilc leal in c in this sicinily. Hi. mesa c.irryiii;; these s.ind dunes rises ^.'r.idiialls to the noil lisv .iid of the Honda and then de- 1. i-.s to the I'lirisima. Southward of Ihe arioso, the Mack dills ami locks I'oiin a marked con- ■■.:■■; Ill ihe shore line. This caiiada mas lie icckomil the miilhein limit ol'lhc ;:reat headlaml r ■ Ar;:ilello. I'lciia Toint .\rt,'iiello the r/(7(i III/ //•(»(/';/' /A» C'KivV is ma ll'.vsesl to I'oint l.'eses. Isvo hundred 111. I I'.. lis miles distant, passiii;; t.in^'ciit to I'oiiit .Snr in laliiinle Hi I'.'V noilli. and inside the >i. iilieasi I'aialloii. Iinmcdialds iioilli of I'ciiiit Aiu'inllo are the points I'lirisima, Sal, and San l.tiis. iieaily ill line to the north norlhwest . N NW .K '/'/((■ .x'inif.i I'm c III' I'lirixliiKi liiii r. — I'.i^hl miles north of Point .\i jiiiello a small stream empt ies III. I 'be ocean. Il rises in Imi^iitiide 1 11' '_'" , almiit liltceii miles from the coast, and runs parallel 111 i. w nil liehind the Sierra Coneepcion, tin w in;; I hi on -h ,i in li i;i .i/ini; coiiiili s . t'ahrilloin \'i\:'. ss as seardiiii;; for a lar;4e riser in this s icinils , has in;; lucn inforined of its s-'iiice hy the Indians of Santa l!ailiar,i (•liannd, He ;;aseit the iiios|iectist' name Niicslra '1: I lie Santa N'nc/, ss as considered lis \',incoiis er the lar;;esl river he had seen siuiih of tin- Coliim- ■ I'liilitless i lid;: III;; liy the appi aiaiice of the s alley . Inil il is com p.i rat is els iiisi;;iii Ilea lit and nil •11. ml. He slates that on the old Sp.ml-li cliails it is cill.d the l.'io de ."s.in P.alardo. .Vrrosv- II 111 1 7'.i.s calls il Kiser \eraido. On a I'remh chart of 1 si I it is c.ille.l the .Sini Cieraldo; and i-lieiikott's collection of diarl^, l.Sfs, the i;iser Hell. lido. Oil the early Coast Snrs-cy charts il ' <.< "li Ihe iillicial counts map il is n. lined the Siiita Vlie/ l.'iser. ilclweeii this stTeain and Point I'lirisima Iheshore line is hold, ssith a fess rocks close under it, 111 1 -liorl stielelies of sand and rock heach at losv svater. For tsso miles from the river, to Loin- I I. .mil in;,', there is ;i ship of mesa not oser tweiils ted liiy;li, reaehiii;j hack oiieipiarter of a llie hii;her mesa. I.osv sand dii lies sihiw in places nil Ihe outer cd^e of thi s losv mesa. nt /'.liii iiii/<«. — 'I'liin was iiaiiM .1 I'j till' r.'il.ilii 1 \|" .. 111.- -...I.li. Is I'.ilMlll ;;..(i.l llillt.s tllCIT. ^ r.ri f'm 101 i'\nir<' (OAsr mi. or. r>t't w I'Cli till' I. < MM I Mir I,.lMilill;^' :ili(l I'iMlit I'm isilii.i, llli' s:iliil li;l-< ill ll'lnl jiitii ;:iimI iIiiiii'h nl mil' IllUlilnil I'rrl III rlrVillimi iiinl s|i;iim!\ riiMlril «illi ill;l|i.l H ill III |i!.nrs. 'I'lirsi' 1111111-. riil;;r.s aiiil \allr\-i riiiiiiiii^ iinitlivM'st ;uii| .sninliiiisi, m thr iliii'itiDii nl till' |iir\ ailiii;; wiinl i'i.>((' lii^liiT ami iii;;lii'i' tn till' rliM|iair,ii I iiM'iril iiii'>>a aliiiiil ImII' a iinlr I'lmii tlir .slimi' Ijni', When a vosrl i> niiiniiii,' il(r.\ ti lii ast Mnitlnvaiil of I'm 11 1 I'm 1 si 111,1 ami llin 1 rmii rriiin it, w illi tlir imimilaiiis nt' tlii' iiiii'iim lijililrn liy lia/i- m sumKr, llir iiiil\ i.iinl \ ImIiIi- Is .1 Irxil lii I' rcHiptiy a|i|)airiitlv \\\i> ur tlinr liiiiiiliril IVi't in iliv .ilimi. '11 IIS lull;; iiH'sa run' MHilli 111 llii'Saiil.i Vii'/ i;i\ir, wliiisf inniiili liiraUs jtt nintimiitN . 'I'lir iiii'sa llirii iisr^ iiall.x til liiuli liills, wlijrii au'aiii tall aw a,v tuwaiiN tlir llnmla. In tliis Inii;,' lliir tlir l,iiiii|iiir I ill;: is ili'iicili'I li\ til 111' nr liiiir lai ;;r « liilr Imllsi's aliii\ r llir walir liiir. /.iii/i/ior l.iiiiiliiiii. — Till' wliart'is Imaliil iiiiii' ainl a liall" iinli's nmlli ti\i' iIi'^iit;'! wi - '1 W.I lidin Piiiiit Ar;;Millii. or iiiiii- ainl tlircr i|iiai Iris mili s unrtli niir ami a liall' ilf;.'n'i . 1 (N. l\ I"..) frniii tilt' « liistliii;,' limn ntV tliat iminl. It is din' ami llinr i|iiai'ti'is inili'.s .smi'; . finlll I'nilit I'misima, liilt it is nut ililiTV islMr Ihiirw illi, luili;: Imlilrll li> a sli;illtl\ Jilii|. . , piiiiit hall' .1 mill' mutliwist li\ wrst iVniii llir wliart'. OIV tins pniiit .stii'trlirs a led' iil" .snnli Milks ami a krlp tiilil still laitliir tn tin- wrst « anl. alliuilin;,' snini' |iriitrctiiili In tlir \\ li r ■ mutliwisl wi'.illnr; lint it is lunail ii|ii'ii tn tin' mhiI 1i\M'>I. In I'ssi'i iImii'w.is riiiniiii'li'il a in'w ami siilistani lal w li.ii (' 1 liiir liiimlnil ami iwriii xaiilsliin:: ami stii'irliiii_' mil \ri> nraily smitliwi'st li\ wist tlimiiuli tin' srat trriil Ki 1|. ('mntrrli IVit uf u at it. Tin' ap|i!ii,lrlirs to tlir « liall" an* mil u'nml I'i'i'aiisi' a ilrlaili'il ixaiin;, i.is .slinw M as hull- ;is ili'\ 111 tVi't iif w iti'i iliisc niiili T till' sniii hrasl sill I' ami aim 'ast tin' mil. Till' lii'ltiini is rill k\ , Ml I ll.ll ,1 \ I'SSr ill ill- nil tlir smitlirasi siili' uT t In' w liai ITS Will 111' (li.iriil ami cut if alliiwi'il tnilia;; f at tin' cml w liiTi' it is tmty I'itI wiilraml n tmii r.itlimiis lit' w aliT tw II liiimli'i'il amllliii'l' t'l'i'l nf w atrr si'\ I'lit t'nm I llin;: Iniiiys. Tin- mitm Imihv lirs in mail\ smiiliwi'st t'lnm tin' nnl nt' I lii' wliail'; aiinllnr lirs in IuiIm' y aiils iiiai 1\ wi'st t'rnni tin- iimtliw rst rnimrnt' tlir wliarl': ami I wn liii'astiiiiinrin;,'s lie nni 1: till il , mil tliii ty \ mis si.iitli smitln'.isi, .iml mn' liiiinliril ami si'\ iiily li\ i' \aiils sniillir! i-ast tinin till' snilllii'.isl I'niinr nf till' W liarf. Hn tllf nm tll siilr nl' thr \S liai I' llir ilrplll ill < : . I lajinllN : mi tin- .sontli siilr it iiirrra.si's slnulv. liiit tln'ii' .iir many incks )iiii|i'i'tin;,' twnm I'rit aliiiv I' till' ;;rm'ial li'\rl nl till' linttmii At mir liiilr mitsiili- tlif wliaif flii' ili'ptli , Cat limns ii\ it mckx Imttmn. ami it is saiil tlir lii'a\ > smitliwrsi swrlls in v inirr 1ir;;iii In I. . tliat ilistaiiir Imiii it. lixti'lisixi' w airlimisrs ami nllicr lillililili;;s. all w liilrw aslinl, arc sitliatnl nil III r liliil! iniiri' rml nf t 111' w liai t'. .\ railway is laiil tliinii;^li ami almii^sulc these waiclimisrs In 1 lif thr wliarl'. whiih is limit nii a siiL'lit incline, so that the Inailnl rais nm tn thr cml li\ yi,i\ The tnwil nl' l.nmpnc is sitliatcil nil the left ihr S.iiila \ nr/ l;i\ If alimil rii'lil limn the I ml in;;. It has sta;;r rntincitintis w ith ( i.i\ inl.i. in the Saul. i Ilai li.iia < 'liaiincl, ai. I I, I IS Al; linns, the ini'seiit tciniimis nf a lailinail heme in I 'mi I laiimil. There is an c\iiii nf rich ai;! ienltiir.il cnmitry in the iniineilialc \iiiiiit.\ nf the tnwii. Aliniit half a mile iimtliwest nf the imiiitli nl the li\er ami mir ami a half iiiih s sm;;'. i-' frnlii thr l.niiipiir \\ hai f tlirir has hrrll cniist rMcleil the inner p. Hi nf a w ha I f alil ea-I ■ I Ili'I ill's w aieliniise : I Hit it Is m it y et lull It nut In ileep \\ alii , w hnli at this pnilit Is nl a 111 1 nil ilistaiice frmii the .slini c, ami the Inealinii is nut t'a\ nralile. I'liillt I'm is i III II. — This is the til st pinlnilielit pninl nmihw nnl nf I'nilll .\l;:Uellii lllil \-, ,' • • Iwi'Im' Illlles finlii it. A icef in.lUcs nut tVmil tlie pmilt alimit a i|liaiiir nf 11 mile tn lie .sunt hw est. The point is ipiiii> liiw . luit lucky, ami rises \er\ t;iailiiall\ tn a mesa a 1 unit 1 Im • • •Ircil feet abnve the sea al niie mih' tn the eastwaiil. The miili Mile nt' the pninl is 1 nlirei^ I'll' saml. ami fur tlirie nr fniir miles further iiniih it is sainly In a liei;;|it nf mie Inimlieil tiii.iini split tell with lil.irk tul'ls or jiatclies. Wlieii this pninl hears Miiitheasl niie i|nai ter e.i-; (."si';. | I! the ilniilile ]ieak of Tramjilillnii Mniintaili is ,sei 11 .jnst tn the .siiiith w aiil nf il. Wheiilii. :i'" liolthwest (NW. nf Pniiit I'lirisiiiia t he Inw nlltst ri'tclilli;: I'nillt Ar;:ilclln is ilist inctly niaih !i. I' ill;: smith >miihe,is| iS.SI''..! .scNrntccn miles ilisiaiit. Aliniit one null' nil I'nilll I'misiiiia I he smimlili;;s at 1 i;rliteeii fathonis ^ivc while sa.'l, .i;"i them e oil a line to Point Ar;.'iiellii. alireast the Santa N'lie/ Hiver, the .siiiiiiiliii;:s arc twenty litlMHi,- over line ^ray saml. The pninl was iiaineil al'lei the ramlio of which it is the westernmost limit. Three miles miitliwani of Poiiil Piinsima there emplics 11 small htrcaiii calleil the (iii ivni''" J «p I i ^1 i , . 1 1 fil «s Sif '■lil : 'li .1 ■ : r >y W ,4niilp«. (\t>b\.) *f:Sr "jr-^ ^ ..•:^ '^^■^/y/^^^^.J0y^ ■ :. V . ..^w s, !.••» ,.v, ,,,*»- Point 8*1, E. iS.,liiiiiIea. ■ ■.yi i i l^ tmSmSBm M'-'-v I i.lM'P, 1 1. ,h:si ,■-1' .nil s| !'i: irlits Hal i i' ilolllS rni, I \: ii-iiit' .11.. I r,... ■ i' Mil' s( li. Jil f. :ii;ilv sc liu iiilicj WIk I !- I'U' tl> 111' 1:111' II i\ 1 -.ll'fS. -l"illii|. III. (l.irk, 1-1. •! IS SC ».n.| the •'..■ ii.illli '' 'i.'i till . '"i\.'\ .sj r.i'fui '■. .itiii'i', "Illlll IS .ii ^^ll'CS (' li\ .1 l.'U M.IIlt I'.. II '111.' t ■ i!!'l ;- 111,1 li 1. .|i';;H' 'i-t -111... •l'"l i'.'tWl .■■ U.ltrr. > ll'is III »' ». 'ii'i mill '111' l>l.t ;i It'll i.j \\a "lllllll |IIU> Tlif CI a< riK-, \\\\ I«| K.' I.itl ■ill. I'lT (Vol ll I- I. I'M, I ,l!>.i;it Ijv,. i;'"iv, uiii -■I .. - lf,ll l'!ii'^ i(i| I'll. 'I. ' liilN' ,lli(U ■Vlilli'.l -1 I'Al ll'IC COA-I I'll.nr. lo: I'i'cr. On tlu> State iniiji of Ciiliforiii:! it is callcil the San A ntoiiio ("reck, liiit it is now ikhihmI ;i .Icsiis Miirir. Crcfk al'tcr (lie raiirlm llirt'ii;;li wliiili it linws. In isi;i tlii' I'. S. «^>iiai!ci mast. I's si> iiM ship liililh WiiK wicckcci near licr<', liiit tlif cxaii IiimUIn was I'or^iollcii iiiilil l.ssi, wlicii tiic : II Ills I'nnii tlic cit-fk wasliiil awav tin- sanil ami <'\|in>ci| ilic nld wicck. Half wav iM'twft'M Point I'liiisiina ainl I'oint Sal tlic souii(linj;s on the cliart sliow •■i^litccii i ■ i.iiMS over line t:ray sand. I'uiiil Sill* iinil .l»iy toiii' or li\ e dai N, peaked, loekv lulls several liun i:ir Meet lii^di and strelehin;; inland tVoni the point. Mehind this iiMstiii' iid;:c ( v\ liieh is om- iiie Siei i-.i ( dm'epiion I that .^Ireti'iies inhiiid Meal Iv east, inereasini;' in the seeomlai V axes _ht lof ahont three miles to Mi ii\ seven leet aliove the sea. ipe, w here it attains an elesation ol siMern hnndied and It IS tleeless, lull d \Nill ;i.i-'S and .hapanal. ' )i liii 'illieial eoiiniy map this line of moiinlain.s is de>i;;nati d the .\/utie Hi When made I'mm the northwest, Point Sal presents iiseU'wiili a .shaiidy iiielined sea I'.iee n> ii;,' lo a inoderate'.v low, eonieal liill, with t «o iiij,'hei' conical hills liehind. Ibllowed li.\ a loiij,' ill. hue under which is a meal sand iliit'l which lias Iteeii blow n up and over the I dull' by the noith' »i--ti'i's. liet ween till -. lar;,'e (lime ami till' |ioini are ollnidiiiiis separated li\ the dark, iia'jiial ^i.'iiiid. No rock show s olV the point from the almve (liiiclion. W'i'cii seen rrom the west waril ill. .lark, conical hills are projected a^rainst the lii^;li land I'lirther east and south, and a larue. rocky i-lri IS .seeiioii the south face; also a small lock close to the iiomi. When seen from the south- M ml the conical hills are not so maiked. hut their dark ma^s is shown a;;aiii,-l the distant hills to ■'•a- north and east. Moreover there are iioa two marked, ^'leal. > ilhiw isli, eicsceiit shaped si leaks i!:mIi'| the eres t line of the I id;;i' wli ere it icai lies its t:nalest height. 'J' lesc cicscclits lia\ e tlicir 'iisev sides towards each o.iier, and the eastern i-. the lar;;i i. I'.il.ire lieiii;,' lip with Point .'>al, Point P.iiehon is \isilile Well III the westward, and in clear r.itlier, the lii;;h nioiintaiiis near Tape .San 'ilaitin and oev mil. TliiAniliindiii. — 'I'he llaiik of the mniiiitain spur formiii;,' !':'int Sal protects the aiiehora;;e, uliieli IS south ol the point, and plescnts therelo a ;,;liMt w.ill eMcii.iiii liol tl 1 se\ I'llt \ I'lljht unes east (N. Ts I!.) for one ami live si\iceiitlis miles to the opci.iii;;- oi a sliuhi \alley marked . ,1 lew hushes, and near the m ilu-rii part of a half mile stretch of sand heach enanled l>v coii- ••i.iiit nillers. The three fathom line stretches three hiiiidnd I'.nd twenty yards southwest from the point marked hv l> r.. :.!,, !■- T le ••mill r lnciKc lies ti\e hii.iilred and si\lv \aids south lifl\ \e ile^jices West (.S. ,'>."i \\'.)froiii the point . w it h tiii fat hums ol' wali i .lose to it, except on tin mil lica\ \ lire.ik.'is lir s.iutli f.nir hnndied ai ' thii l.\ .\ aids from the point ; i«t >Hle, .\ r. •i ietwi'ell I hcse and t I.e on Iter hieaker 1 1 MIC IS .111 oceasiull d I ire.ik III a r m 1> w ith I w eh e teel u.iter. 'I'iie sontli end of Seal Uock (an islet l.iri\ live jeet hi;;h, and iie.iil\ one hiindied lis 111 extent I lies soillll sixty de;,n-ees east (S. (10 l'.,i, .-.eM II lilllld led ,\ aids distant fl.illl the ■leiDinii .1 part of Pom! .'sal; lull lie- innth side nl theislel is oiil\ t w o hiiiidred .\ .ii ds olf the iiest .shore, vwlli I liree lalhoms hetween them. Two hlllidie.l s aids olV the soul liw est fact' of 111. Islet are const. lilt hicakeis and a rock, liesidc es se\eial sniiKcli roi ks h i\ iiiu lint two to four ■I w. iter upon tliciii. \liin;;th.' soulh f.ice ol' th.' imii,! a dept h of three tathoiiis is loiilid "iflilii one or two hillidled \ ar.ls Tl le curse III Hie coast iimlei Pi. ml Sal is alioiil tlin i(iiaileis of a mileilec|) an two nii W nil SOlin lillLJS ill se\e|| fallli a \ el \ iinil.ii 111 lioiti'iii I f hard ciav sai d ; a depth ol 1' . I*e fat lioiiis is loniiil from hall toone mile oil' shore. The roadstead forms a !olerald\ j^ood v|. •r I'loiii the pievailiii;' northwest winds, Imi IS aiw a\ s : Th slllijecl |oa\el\ lieaxy swell W ith them. • t aiirhoia^^e is in sescii fathoms water. I' 1- l.ro.id open to tin' southerly w mils ami swc i'"' It live hiimlieil yaids south se\eiity ci^ht dcLirees east (S. 7s P.) Iioiii the north end of Seal k"l>. with the extleme end ol' Point Sal just open \i\ the ii.i t 'i end of the rock; lioltom li.ird, ;;i 1 . sand w ith mica. his roadstead was siirvesed in ls(17. and a ch.irl of it shed 111 ISlls, l,v the Coast Siirvcv. I here were two landMl^rs or chutes iimlcr I'l.int Sal, the old l.os .Vlaiiios aiid Saiil.i Maria ' lin!.- .ihoin t wii ami a lialf miles soiitheasi ward ol I he point, and t h.' w li.iiT deep in the lii;;lit m ■m\ ■N';nin-.l |.\ Vi in .N.imiiiIm r, IT'.',', all.i \. <\ I'.iH II. auKx.l.l.i Sil- ■.< I I'fi lai of ^.111 rriUiiiHco. Vol. II, p. ;i. 111^ e.iiMIii iiiiKiiil III till' -UlMlJlJJIWIiMIJ air Imlli ahaiiiloiinl (ISS.'l) ami tlif wari'lKUiscs ninoMil to San I Oliispu, wliciu'i' l'n'i;;lit lor I'oiut Sal i.s lakfii. It is, liowcvii-. ii|(i|him'(1 to ii.m' tin- clmlc a),'aii then' is a ^\|tNiiiii i|aair\ in tlu' \ifiiiit.v. A .slant tlisiancc northwaid of Point ."sal lln'ir was I'tnincil;. a .sin t' l.inilin^rcallcil Millrta I iii(i. Si'liooiit'r.s Wert' loaili'cl li\ the nsc of a (Icckcd o\it .snrt' boat wliali was li.inird lliroii;;! snifliy means of an cinlli'ss ro|ii' pasviii;;- tliion^li a Mi rK sccnri'il to a lino.\ ont.sidi-. OlV tliis jiart (if tilt' foast it is reported tliat tin' iiideseent lilms of sniMnarine petidlenn seen on I'ae snilaee of tin' sea. Ihip sill iSiitniiliiiiis off I'niiit Sill. — .\ line of deep sea sonnilinjjs was ran on Ueeemlier '_'i'. '21, is:.",, from ei;;lit miles iiortliwest iNW. : ol' Point Sal ilo« ii to I lie si ail li west 1>.\ sontli iSW S.), a distanei' of sixty eij;lii miles solllliwesf |S\\'.) from the point. 'I'liese ]ilaee tlie oiieli sand fatlioMi line a little less tlian fo!t> miles olV slioie. and tlie t wo ilninsand fatliom line I. ^ seven miles from llie loast. 'I'ln se sm iiilili;;s ;ne talnilalid as follow^: ii I...II II. 1. 1 35 01 .14 57 114 .V. 31 «". 31 3fi 3( 'jri 31 ■.'3 u.-.lii.l. I>. i.ll, ClNU.ii't.-t Ml l>..lt anil iitttit l>;itk iiiihI HM.l Hitixl 41 )i itir«'iiii(li liiiii). M.t. V M.tiiil. 3'i. .'■ lirAVInh litai k kjiikI. .'a ' Ctti'i'Ti mini mill K^iitil. 33 2 lUtk urii'li inn. I liir^hiirr Iliiihiiiiriii>lii/ Irom Point ('oiieepeinii to Point Sal. — Immediately oil' Point Coini f lie deplli li.is lueii show ii to lie Very j; le.it at a sliol t dislaine, 1 1 aeliin^' (Mie Imndl'i d fa'lin less tliaii tliiee miles. < Ml Point Ar;:in llo tlie tell tailiom eiirve Is le.ss tlian li.ilf a mile frm lirojeitiiiL.' points of the elitls, w illi lioltom ot' line Innken shells and ;;i.i\ sand: at one iiin illl.lIIiT tinier t «elil\ falliolllS ii\el line ;^r.iy s;iliil. .\ t I'lUll miles Ihele isailiptll iilfull fatliom-^ o\ er d.ii U ^'i.iy sand nm th ot the point, iind line ):i :iy sand and in ml smith of ii. l;< Point ( 'oneepcioii and Point Ai ;:iii llo, the ten tallnan line is !i-s than a inde I'mii the sln^i • ;;elier.in\ |ii>t outside the lilies of kilp. At three and a h ill' miles tiolii slime the depth is fiiit.v f.illimns o\ii line ;iia> sand and iiind. I'oilow in;.' the eo.ist liol t h w ai d of Point Al;;ilillo tlit ten I'.it lioiii eiirv e is cIom- to Pmn; ri si III a and .'>.il. Inil in the iiitei \ eniii;,' l»i;;Vts it w ill a\ ei.i;;e three qiiai tei s of a mile timn The twenty tat Iimii line is also iIomi' on the ] mints, aveia;^iii^' one and a hi If miles, I ml i he i fatlioiii eiii\c is aliont four miles fium slmre. The dee|i '^ea Koiiiiiliii;,'s mIiow tli.it nine miles taitside the soatliein shore of S.iii I. 111^ II P.ay there is adepili of t'l^rhty f.itl '\ en miles oil' I'oint 8.il, one liiiiidred ai III seVeli fatlioiis; and twenty three miles olV I'oint Pniisima, three Inindit d and nine f.ilhmns. Till- gill' rul tiriid <;/' tin iiinut liiii fioin I'oint Sal is north lor a I unit I wel\ e miles, w hen tin lM';;iiis s wee pi 11}; to tlie w est w aid to form the liay iif S.in laiis Olaspo. From seaward the ;;i . appearanee ( I' the streteii of coast soiitii of Point Sa'i is similar to, luit mnelilowerlhaiith.it I" Points Coneipeioii and .\r;.'iiello; liiit after passin;: to the iimthward of I'mnl Sal. the moiiniu f.dl Iiaek and the shore is foiined of low hand hills Or a distance of (oniteen miles. ^tletrh ihedlilii'S evteiid almost thlie iniles t'imii ihecu.ist and In liiml tl .\li w ay 111 III' .Santa .^IaIia \'alley. Se\eial small slieanis fiom the dillciint \alle\s timl their w.iy tn iln tliron;;li these s Hid ill I lies, w h ieh ciuse theiii to .-.plead out and for 111 c\leiisi\ e lakes and n in Heasons ot'fieshet. 'I'he tiist of these sireaiii-. 1^ the Siinl'i Mdii'i /I'irrc, w hicli Imms pai' lMMiiidar\ of S. I II laiis (»iii-<|io and S.iiila Pi.iili.n.i < on titles, and on w hieli the tow n of < Iim i^. loeaied. lour miles limn its delioiichiire inlo the oil all. fmii miles frmn Point S.il. 'Ihe i the Arnniii 0»/i I'Iuki, i\'^\[t miles fioiii I'niiit Sal; and l.isllv. the .lirm/u ^'l(Mll^■ and the t'riik open upon the ocean I i,N one month, t w eh e miles lioin Pmnt Sal. oi I wo and a h.ilt imli the northern end of the ■.tli'lcli ot sand lieadi. I'i\mii /.iiiiiliiiii. — 'l\i\H l.indiii^; is silnatid almiit two and one i|iiarler miles noi th nm w aid limn the month ot the Al loso (ilaiide and one and .i halt miles siinl!iea-t nt Ihe si,, K 1 1^ { ^ .,-^v"/:> >y» %] (f 1 'I 1 'ifl^l If]) • > :'ii il r.iim H'l. Ii'iti r.iiiit Sal. N I7 W.,7i m:li'» I ^ :*^ ■ i '1 1 . , 1 1 ■ > ' /' ; 1 11 ^^-•^f,. SiUhl lllllHM. I'nint H.ulinn N\V t.v \V V.trMilr I'.-iiil S;ni I. Ill- N\V.,'j:tJ mill' I'oiut .Sill, .SK. i.S.,r. miles. ■ f ■ -' i .s.-m l.iii~ N\V.,'j:tj uiil>' l..ii-iil.,.|i..H,iy. ^~-^i^ I'liiiit Sal, N. liy W.,7i miles. w ^^ ^ i-'feM 11' !|';h|?'i1 ,*♦ '4' 4; ^ li 't ,IE 1/ ▼ *•-'.' •-r k-u ■ -■••-••■%j sssr: j.^.i- b^Srr^^Siu? Sadilli- Miuiiil;iin, 1 -:I4 fi-ol. I'urt H»rforil. San l.uis OlMspo Mity Wlial.r lt.uk. Pi>iiit Snii l.iiiK, N\V liy N. \ N.fiJ imlfn. / •, iJEr->iSKiauJ,"!?sj- ■ jVl>^j..»^, .^.^ l.ioii Rock, I'liint llutliMn. :\v. ^ \v.. inti.ii.-s I'tM'llK ||ollM«. 1.m:i4 fcit I'lillit S»li 1 NW.by N.^N ,.',< Hi ii,i III 111 r 't 1 1 .l.-ri 1 t'. Ill \ 1 ilii' .' (■,. !. tlir w . . t llMS ,u. . .Mill 1 tin '\ .llrll In. (ll J itl''ll :,-r.l. ,«|i' r tll\M II ' - fiiiin In ;i|. ll -!' U.I - ...' W 1 • ■ lis (';i \ lull 1 ■ l,nj:.« 1 ' i.i ilir A |Mir .|i.>(l (I ■I i I rill- 1 (M-I I'V lilt CI ,1 illl.'Cl ill ' lr\ atiii wlu'ii ;i \»'i wi'li tin- 1 .M^l I III Ml ilif -( Tu.'lv ('i_lit liiiiii fill 'liir mi P.iit .) mill fii^: km; 3 I'm- ill i I'oiiil jli'u'Iri'S \M fii! '11111:; 111 «r l> Ml s] foill lUcl II • III ^llirh •«'\.ll lllllj bii\ -nil', < Hiirr , |()i:li llnl't 6»ii i.iiis luii'hi'il y ■Mn^'. 1 \ r- i ■4 (* rvcii'ic ( KAsr I'll, 111 l. I'lom rmiit S.iii l,iii> (( Hii-|i..) il Ihmi,-, mcuiIi (■i;,'lily m'Vcii iiiiil a I, il.';;rfivs iMhl (N. n7A I'"..), (li.slaiil liM'amla li. ill' mil. ~, ami i-. a lilllr (i\ i r iiiic (iiiailtT ul' a P |.. tilt" siiiilliwanl iif tlic li'iiilirni rml m' tlir imi;: I'immu >aml >|p||, llriiir In Hit' miiiiIi«.>I \ I lln' .slum' liiH' \h riM'k.v Mull'. Al tins | l mi ihi' li. arli, ami jiisi whcic Ihr Inw rlilV mii'. ,,. N tilt- loiij; litit> III' saiiil iliii i-. a what I' Ihiii. rn linmlrnl ii^l luii;; ami twi'lvi- liil alinxr lii-Ii » , . I lias liri'li Imill nut to Imii Irni I'lil nl' wall t. 'Iln ir aii' Iwii lai-r w aii'liniiM's al llir .slioir ( iHJ, ami till" si'uwaiil I'liil ix iiiadi' ildiililf ilir widili of tlii> m.ijn |Mit, A i;iil\\a.\ liark i mis riiiiii til. wari'liniisrs III I III' I'Ntii'inJIs. Oiii' iiiuumi;; liiiii\ liis alM>iil I wit liiiiiilriil vanls milsiili' iiii |iiii- lu; jiticii i>( till' ill r llio wliail', ami l«ii ntliiis r.i^i |,\^ flic wliail'; Imt all an- liahlr In In- (I, i:,:ji>il. Tlii'ir "as rciiiiirrl.v a Miiriamlinj; In if. 'I lir whail is -iimcwlml sliilli'ii d liy iilii-avy |,l ' (if Kl'lp wllirll I'Xtrllils riliMl till' Militiii III imltliill nl' .Sail I.llis (Hijs|ii, \\;\\ alcitl^' llll' lucky Mm , ti.wanis till' lu'j;iiiiiiiit' of llic .-ami Im.h h. luii dues not icarli to the w liaif. < >thrr than this i; liitllrly cxiiuscil. Ill aiipiiiarliin;,' tlii' wliail, \c.sscW sliciiild lie caii'liil to .ivunl a miiiUcii iiicK with nid\ IwcUc ti ■ ! .f walrr iilinii il al nnliiiars In" tide. « huh In > >niii|i m'\ciiI_\m\ ami a hall' ili';;n'is west S. Tir'. W.I a lit til' iiMi- mil' ami mic thud inilo lioin the iiid ul ristiin w hail', and sniilh lil'lv Iniir ilr^'ii'i's cast (S. .M K.I two thirds III' a mile linni r.itd l.'nrk. (.^ri' I>aii;.'cis in San Luis ( Uiispi) i;.i\.i \ laiiiliiiaik mil' and mir ijiiailir miles In the "esi miithwoi \\ NW. i Ikhh ihi' I'isiiin "hart' I !.iit.'i> n d liarii and \illn" Ihui.-c nii the sln|iiii;; hilNide iiiic hiindreil I'cet alin\ »■ the sea anil t lliri'c hiinilrni ,\ards iiishnrr, A iiiirlion 1)1' till' prndiiei' frmii the Saiitii Maria and ntliei niinm' valleys in tlii' vicinity is ~1 i|.|ifd Irnni this "hart'in small i nasliii;,' vesseN. The neatest tii"ii In the landiii;; is .\riinii (iMiide, aliiilll live miles cast nl' the vv hail. It li.is almiil til'l\ Imiiscs. HAY 01-- SAN I.UIS OIUSPO. i ?l The Mmitr Ihi Ilia hull Is a ;,'niii| l.imlm.ii U Ini ,~^aii l.iiis ( (hispn lla\ "lien made Irmii tlii' sniith. (M-i iif mirlli"est, and lia.> iiinie nl' t lie ehai.irli r nl a .slinrt, .'-ei rati d r.iii.m' jiaialii I with the ;;eii- II il dliectinii nl' Iherna.-t. Ill ;;nnd "ealllel S.idille I e.lk. il;:hteen lllindled ami t hill \ I lllii' Ici't ill ' l<'\ atinii, and I he lll;.'hest pi lint nf the iaii;:e. is \ isihle liniil a d 1st, I nee nl' Inrts el;; hi In lies, and » lull a \ essel is ten miles .sniiih nl' I'm lit S.il. Hate 1 1 ill and I'm lit San l.iiis an- \eiy iie.ii 1;, in i.in;;e ui'li the lii;;)i('si ]iiiint it' tin niminlain. u hile I'nint r.iiehnn and the nmiiiitains nl' Cape San il.iitin ari' in view. With a lia/\ atmn.-pheie nvi i the l.iml inside it stamis nut very piiniiini'iitly. The ;,'eii;,'raplii»'al pn.-itinii nl' .Saddle I'e.ik. as del el iiiimd liy the ( 'nasi and t Icndelir Siir\ ey, is : I.Ulllllili' l.iiM''illllll' ;i.'. i:; 1 1 ii umiiIi. l-jii IT .;- .11 «.-!. Twehe miles In the iinrtliea-t li.\ east nl Saddle I'eaU is Mmiiit San l.iiis. which istwciily- fi_iil hundred and lnil\ li\e I eel in eli\ .illnii ,1111 1 \ Is 1 1 lie I'lmii a d 1st a me nf lilt \ nine mile- . Still fill! Iier lid, Hill iiscsMnuiit Sail .Inse, t liii t \ se\ ell hiiiidled and sc\ eiilN si\ leel alinvc I he .sea, and B'lii -luaii 111 llmiie Mmiiil.iin, almiii Iniii tlinusami leet.tlic latter, twenty three miles east mirili- fill I'. Nl',, Irmii Saddle I'eak, is \ isiMe mi I he limi/nii at .si\,nt\ iiiiii.-;, I'nr ilcseiiptimi nf t he sc.l I an' nf .Mmite del r.llelinli .see \>A\H' 11,'!. I '('ill I Sun /.Kl'.v, " hich is the w estelll head nl' San I.l'.is (Hil.spn ]',.\\ , lies linrt it t " elllyTnlll dl'.le.s West (N. L'l W'.n hills li\i' miles t'lnlii I'miit A li;ll,lli •. It i> a lil.:^!.' linlil, !nA iillst "mill liilehnli I'm ins tin nml II- *!' I' 1 II spur, anil is the pninl lir.st pinmiiieiitly sn n in in the sniithw .ird. I'niiit San I, ills He.s fill 1 .mil mi(> ei^jlitli inihs smith fnrly ili';;iees e.ist s. iii I!. I'lniii the lii;:hcsl part of tin- ii-.'iiini »iii vhieli is ci;^lilci'ii liiiiidted and tliirt.\ three I'l et in elc\ atinii i. ami i iscs r.ipidly to ii rid;;!' •«'\' II liiimlri'il and three leel alin\e the se.i. h.iic nil tnp, liiit till' sides, especially the smitlicast or blU lie, densely coveied "llll seiuli. /•'-". //(//. clfvcn hiindied and ei-lit\ lliice feet lii-li, is a -nnd himlmark, and lies t ..o miles *«ii il imrtliwcst (NNW,) frmn the iimni. The lii;;h, Imhl, ami i.iek> elills wesluardly frmn I'nint fiiiii I. ins are liordi-rcd li,\ niimermis rucks, "liieli. Iin"e\cr. dn mil extend fiiiihermil than I'mir Uihlied \ards. The pninl is niaiked hy a laiue mill.\ili;; islet nf liasallic rnek, seventy li\i' feet t-'li. kiinwn as W'hiiltf Ixtiiiiil. It is .scvent \ li\e \ards in exicnl, and its smnew hat rmintk'il anil I i-'' f fi t|': r..| i-:i ..m 108 I'M II h (i>\si iii.or. A y cli'fl siiiHiiiil is invi'ii'il villi ^:ias>* uml a iVw liii-lirs. At iIm- liiiii' nf llii-lusi li\(iiti;.M;i|ilii, \\s','t the siiiniiiil w.!-- 111,11 kill l'\ .m ulij, inoljis-. woixini lint.* Il liiis licni |iim|i4)si'(| in I liiirlmr lij:lit on tin-. i>li i. Srvn. il .sin. ill iiiil>s Ii.. In iwrrn llif pi'inl ,inil lliis isli t, i|jn|h' sitiiiulil 111 •• liKi' a Miles (iC j;i;;,inli<' slriiiiiii;: sliiiics iiiiil rmnrnu :i iniilrclinn fiir iIm> Im ii|i|>ai'atn> 1° llir w li..'i nit'ii \n ho .in' lor ilcil uii 1 1 \tii'ini' iiiil of tiir |ioiiit ami w Im In < run tlx'ir Imals out ami in I>i-Mm in tin -•• im U^ iiisti ;i)| ol |>iillin;; iniiiltl tin- l^lrl m nil. Wli.ilii' l>l.iinl liii'altrr> m.ikc out to two loti low, II II low lorl>-> \« lilrll I if ,si'\ ili liiiliillril \ aiils Miiilli sivtv ill ;;iri > 1 ast S.tii' |'.,i rioin llii'point ,ini| wlinli an- allllo^| roii^taiill o\ I r l.\ t' Tlii loi ,ill\ I, I'liw n .IS 'I h/ /,' Th lioat I •a.ssa^'is licl- lies atiollirr Iim k\ JKltt in-ailv oiir liiiiiili I'orks ami ilii' isli't. Ilii' " nil s( .mil Kisf iIom' to tin- nil, Inii ,ill i|.iii;.'i'ioiis to sli-,iii;:ii.s. ( till' in-.iili. ,.t" tlir>^«' ioil,> till- rliaii l.i\ » ilow n tour to livt- tatlioins ol walrr. I'oiii- lininlii . lioitli of tin- point, ami rlo^i' nnilil llir sin Ion;: 'Hill liIlN two Iri'l lii;:li. I'll I ^ I I III' liiuliiT i>li't otV till' point wi'if lot inn I \ ra llnl II i N. anil Soiitli \\ liali-r l>'iHk>. I'lmn I lii> sti.ilii sliip wliarl' tin' oiitri cliil of tin- iioitli j-.|i't \-, ,, till- illllfl' rllil of tl.i- s'.lllli i«li t. Si' II I. II is iHii^jio I'.iiil li.lN roll H 111 \ till' I'ol III ol III r l.ir;;('t lialT ol all rllipM' of till ir lnil> ami .1 li.lil : it |s luo.nl npi n to tlir ^olltll ami plotii liil on tin- WriiM!i >lioirol' llir !ia\ ii •(■nipoMcl cil' liojil. i , ;;raiiitf si'i pciilini' ami s.iiiilstoiir I litis iiiiiml !> ilir inoiilli nl San l.iiis Oll|^pcl t 'km K. 1 1 . of this .slioff i « lii^i|>i II li\ .M'M'i.il ;;iilrlir~. lint 1 lu' oi imip.il l>;rak taKis pi no at tlir nn i, m ii'.s not I li Mill tliiMNt iNNi; • 1 a li.ilf ti •II \\ hatir l>laiiil. 'Ilio liin- of rlitl- liioililiril 1>\ till- riit'* for loi'.iliii;,' tin- railioail iiniiii'ifi.itilv on tlirii faio lioiii tlicl'oil II ' <| w hat I' to till' month of I hi' III I K. riom I'liim S.iii I in t lir I n ml i>t tin- sin in- uf tlio I >.i\ i i\ Wist oiii' ha half wi'M N, l.v \V. \ W.I III' om> null- thru iiottlirast ii\ ra .1 NK. I.\ K )l. ipiai'tri s of a mill' to thr rii'ik. whinri- it a.ssiiiiii .s a ;:iiirial castrilv iliii'cliiiii lot two i>i iiiili'>, tii'mlii.^r liowi'Vii' to till' soiiili w ,11(1. 'I'lii- l\(ist /'I'Mir of S.iii I.iiis < Muspo \\a\ lii's ninth i'it;hts-two l!l•^|'l■<■s fast ,N.,'s'_' j iiiilfs lioiii Whali'i' l-hiiiil. It i> .1 low lilnll | oiiit of tliiits to I'oitv fiit f lf\ aiioii. \ulli i; lifi^hf lirhiml it lor om- i)iiaiti'i of a imli'. tlii-ii i!m s i.ipiill\ to a sci iili rovi'inl hill ni'.ii 1\ nr ill I'll fi'i't ln;,'li. < >tV this |ioiiil jlf oiii- or two loi-ks hf ifaftiT iiii'lit loiinl. l''.isl of I ho iiioiil K San laiis ( Mii.sjMi ('rcik, thf .slioif liiif is low ami .sai'il_\ li.nkril li\ iii.irsli lor a i|ii.iitt'rof .i i till- colliriicin of l>iiililiii;;s foi iiiiii;; tlir tow n ol' .1 'i7i(, liom w huh tlif " I'fiiplf's Wharf" w .i- iiiil, lint h.is si 111 I' lii'i'ii « a sill (1 aw a.\ . I'!ast w anl of .\ \ ila llio .shoif Iim- is imk y ami M iiiilf rastwaid of S.iii l.iii.s ( >liispii ('iff k isa Nli;;htl> .jnltint'. mrkv point, lifhiml whirh i^ on the wi'st .shori' of w Ini h is a wh.iif ami wanlioiisf known :is .1/ < )tiispn Hay ami th • iiiimiili.ili' ap|iioai'lirs show s that a fai'f of ihf Monti' ili'l llnihoii cist a ,iiil ol' tin' I'lriio lonk tlir t w i'iit\ f,ii hoiii lini' of soiin ill' I' tj ihoilt two iiiiii'S lloiii till' .slioii III ilir lia\ till' ilr pill r,iiiui's liiiiii ti'ii 1,1 1 hums on tin its I if till' hay to tini'f faihoins within Ir-s than mii' ipi.irtir nt a iiuh' fioiii tin- s hoi o. w illi I'l'ptloa of Ihi' il,ili;:irs in ihrp w .ili i . Ali]i|iiaih. il tii'iii till' Miiithiasl, thi' t\M'lil\ lathe; lif.'< tliiri' mill's soiithcas'waiii I IN nil, \ri'i:n\('iiK.s. Till I'lihti /.'(>(/, Is .111 Is!, t ol fiiiiMiliralili' si/f. if.ill\ iiiiiiposiil ut' oiif l.ii;;f ,iiiil tw, riH'ks. lisiii'.' thiity (till- fi •' alioN i- ihf waif i. Il Ins , Im i ami oiif ,si\ili imlfs to tin- wi sU* ^ I'oiiit San I, Ills, aiii, j.alf a li itl '.hf III .iiisl .shoii . Siiiilh M'\ f iit\ >ix ilf ;;iii'S f ,ist fi;.'lit hiimlri'il \,iiilslioia it !iis .i mh.iII imk just aw,isli .it lii;;h tulf; ami ln'ith m'M TliM lull wu... nlill s|;iinlii,^ III !--.'i i\\>\\ ;i\H l> 1' 1 * t >n lll'cl .11 .t.llitU .;, I'l«lr. ;„ . 1 >. t . , . t llnllril 111; llillnl v.ii.l Vl\ III. \. ■■ ll't is ,, null - ■ a K"<"'- liulil. , ■ \ 1 U . 11 rri'rl, .' ; rlilN . ■ » I'lilt II ' ' li.i\ 1- ■ 1' , f,u • • . 1 . 1 r"i : ' * I \\ 1 1 « ■ : S'J 1 \Mlll 11 iri.\ 111; ■ IIIMlllli I'llllil' * rl" «,is :. 1 \.\V.\' M it'll |s If Ill.'l • llMl,!. till Ih .> ha! .!'■ SlllUI II , VMlh t'atliHi 1. si,,;. ! 1 a V 1 ' sl.Lili . 1. ami 1 I 1 : i :; ^'^^1 1 \ ll i wmmmmm '>^\--^ ''^■^■' ■••■»'■ »-»''inrW;'«-t -^v- ., '^ jr , 3w . . ■ - •*• «.« > ■" n-^ ' >r.T "^'^' Moiiti- ili-l Hiic-luiii. I'oiiit Ilui'hou. Lion Rock, IIV! feet, SK. by E. \ E,, distant 8 miles. .'-r^* \ ^' "" i ,>*^' ■•^.Jr:x-•:i i'oiiii Hniliiiii. '!ulr.iii I null 4 1 "iT" I ^ -^ :...-jggr^:''j;- g"''i^-i:- *-v y '■.T:r:Ji MMtKp ili-i liiM limi Lion Rock, U2 feet. SE. by E. \ E., diaUnt 3i miles. ttf '^^■■;.. . . f .( t- ->; miles. ■"* '■ « »- 1 1 1^ I ] i !• . nUP •'',: "lll-l.l T!ir >, /■- .';. N- ■ I'.';;- I Ki, I, Inl •■' ''I'. Ul, ' Mil ■ :u lioii I lliii;,' UiinN the ciiiiisc is west liy south half soul h ! W. liv S. ', S. , loiif and a i|iiaite! miles in IVom ten to sc\en I'allioms of water, and pissiii;; inside ;!;.■ .->iii!a l.'osa l,e(lj.'e. /■/. S'liilti h'tixii /.ri/(/c.— This daii;,'ei- has Imt ei;;litcen I'eet upon it, and lies half a n.ile nortli- ,\r-l . ,c i|iiaiti'r iioith ( NW. I N ) IVom I lie W'cstd.ihl I luck, whcie the hiiov is placed. It is one .iiiil two t hi ids miles soil ill si\t.\ ci;;lil dc;; recs w ol S. (IS \\ . i li oin \\ lialci Islaiid, and I wo miles Milllli litty nine tle^ices east (S. .'ill i'.. Iiom the I'ci ho l.'ock ; it lies ncailv nic mile liioail oil' ^hiiii. Theie is dan;;eroiis ^'I'olllid in its \ icinily lor om liii h nf a inile u il h oiil\ I'oiii rathoms. It (.ii.iks lieie ill heavy weather and the locality is mai'ked liy a li u stiiii;;^ot' scattered kelp. !• - ill weather the lioilini; of the water will iinlicate its presenci-. Wiyiihilil 1,'iitl, tiiiil lluni/. — This is :i Mnikcii. iso' ii cil . 1 ia_\ oiici I'ock lia \ i ii;; liiit ei,Lilitcen ill I cl v^ater upon it. It lies one and six tent lis miles south forty seven ile;,'iees west iS. 17 " W'.j iiMiii \\ lialcr I>l.iiid, and south lift\fonr deuicis (a>t iS..">l I'.. i two and a half miles from the I'.rli'i 1,'iirk. It Is iic.iilv one and a ipi.irtci miles oiV the noitlicin and laMicst shore. It has I .'> {ii ii ol' from se\ t'li and a h.ilf to fonrlceii f.ithoins of water close a roll in 1 il. and is not marked 1 ;ii ,i; :\ kel|(. The sea --eldom lireaks upon it e\eii in heavy we.ither, and it must he a shai'ii- li .infill lock. I'liiaik this daii;:cr ilie I,i.:ht House r.oird has l.KSli placeit .i lirsldiiss iiiiii Inmi/^ iinintnl uid niimliercd 1. one hundred and seventy ti\e \aids southwest by south iSW. liy S ) Iroin In, k III t w cl\ c .Hid ,1 li.ilt I.ithoiiis o|' w .ltd o\ cr lockv liottom, I'l oiii \\ li.ihi l>Liiid il hears ■•■111 torl\ seven de;^reis West (."s. IT W. .i|l>tant one and li\ eel;;l.tlis miles. It liillst he left ■ Mil' poll h.indwhcii a sessel is num^t south, and on the st.irlioi'id hand when --lie is noini; I'loiii i hi-, liiioy the W hi^l liiiu lliioN luaisN.^I I '.. di>lanl I u o miles. 1 1 1 lie .ilisciiic 111 tciiipoi.iry deraii^'ciuciit ot' this liiios , w Inch al.-o sci \ is as a mark to avoid 'til.l Uos.i l.cil-e, a \cssel comill;: fl'ilii the nol I li w est w aid liia\ ch.ii llicse d,lli_eis liy ; J the l.ioii 1,'ock. whiih lies liituci 11 roiiii lliichoii .iiid I'mnt .'>.iii l.iiis and almiit .>i\ miles 11 ;lic 1, lilt I, open one diameter liom the point of l.md sliowin^' I'.iilhcsi loHic \\cslw.iii|. ■ 1II--I \>lill|sli, rocky lillllV iMst ol' A\ll.l opens to the cislw.lldd \\ h.ilcl Isl.iiid, \\llcli HI- liiitisc iii.i\ lie chau;;etl to clear the leel' otf I'oiiit Sail I. ins. In clear w catlicr t he c.iptains i^iir 1 M.I:.! iiiL' siMiMcis "I'lic la 1 1 V I HI' fcr t o run inside these !cd::cs ^md almiir one ouartcr of a 'iitsiih 1 hi' \ I slide loi I, s, w hcle ,i niilf.'l III ilepi h of I loin seven to leli t'lllioiiis m.iv lie had. .southern ed;^e ot' the I, ion Hock on wilh ! lie liol I lielli cil-e ol l!i iile r.iiiLic for iniinin^ Inside ol' these ilaiiL:cis. eclio Ui Ilk lllllllslle: .'.'.!'■ oil \\ h.iler Island h.is alicidy .'■ Ins.) dcsci iliid III ;,'iv 111- the ijesci ip I, on of ih.it islet- 1:^ 1. ( n \Ni.i;i; -; i\ t in: ii vv wn inuv. Ili'irill li'iirk. — This IS .1 sunken lock with liiilllcell leet Upon II. Il north . ell ile;jrees e.l • t iN. ne.illv one .ilid I lilee el;;lil lis miles Horn Wli.ilei Isl.iinl, I' l"le st.inds w ell out tow .lids t lie I iililille I i| Hie li.iv. Tills d.lli^cl IS 111. irk liv a Imiii Inch, hoWeV el . Iicipielil U w a slies .1 w .| V dlllili;; heavv winter sloll It ll.lS llolll eiuhl illioiiw iiiimedi.ilelv aioniid it, and is cspeci.illy d.iu;;cious |i» vessels ,i|iproacliinn the liar; liiim ilii iiilliM .ml. ivoid this d.in;;« r knp I'echo Kock open wiili I'oiiit .Saii i.iiis iiniil the town of .\vila 'I III. I hen steer for the w harf or aiichoi .iL;e. iiiilli 'I II il 'iiiil itiniihi /■> il 'J, Il 11 ' I i.:lil jjoiise I'.oaid li.is ( |ss I , pl.o ill a >M. Jil \V,, di.slaiil ml one iiiiU', > i li \: ?■• 110 rAciiic roAsi rii.or. .1 Miiihrn ruck, willi m'\ I'litcfii Icrt ol' « .ilii mi il. Its niic iiiilr iimtli I "ciityniin' (|cl;ii (N. •_';• r:.' ri.im w liiiiiil li (il llic ( iccU. CM,| l.llfl I- Ililrc iMuhllis ul' .1 null' nil llir iniiiit lotlic wcstvv.ii it li.i> llniii live III liM' .iiiil .1 liair r.illiiiiiis iiiiiiii'iliatt'lv aiiiiiiiil II i:n kill li\ a liiliii li ft' Kcl Arilii A'... A. I'- ■\ c II 111 I ali'H I' \^ . (Ill aiiil mil' ijiia! Irr nl' a iiiili- nil llir >liiiir. lies ii>ii lli ii (li'j,M('i's fast ,N..".l I',. , »li>laiit niir ami li\ c ii;:lillr. iiiilcs iVom W'lialrr Islaml. 'l"x\iiin li patcliis \\ itli lit'trtii li'i I 111' wall'!' Iii' iii^t hiiIshIc this lock in llir kelp, l>i'ariii;; suiitjiwoi \\\ (SW.l II \ t Hit ri'c •Klllll i\ >. i. ih>laiii iiiir liiiii liiil aiiil >;\1 \ \ aiil-. I'liiiii il. Tliis link \sas Ini iiii'l l\ kiio" 11 .IS I'.laik ur Siiiikiii Slii|) Uuik rroiii its Ion;;, low, iiai inu . . j, i^ a|iinMiaiii I-, uitli (MH- ciiil slaiiiliii;,' liiulnr uiit nf Ilic wati,'!' liko tlu' how iit' a wn-i'kril \r.>>i' W'liitf /,'(!( /,. tliiit.s \arils III (Aleut ami mMi'im Ircl almxi' «ati'r. lii's imitli si\l\ iiim- di .;ti'i» cast N. till ' I'.. I. two a I II I mil' liflli nnli's I'luin W'li.ilcr Ulainl. It lias i'im' ainl si\ I'al liiiiii> ui v\.,ii i cliiM' iiiiilcr its siHiili .>iili'. lull Mv II al ii.rk \ pati'liis, w iili aiul w itliuiil krip. lit- liuiii muiiIi ~..iii| fast til siiiiiliwrsi (SSI\. Ill SW, 1111111 tliis lork anil « itluii (uif-liair iiiilr ut' il, iiaxiii;; liiiiii 'lii.-i :ui iimili i'i;,'lilv sc\cii ilc^ii'i's cast iN. sT I!.), il a liall' mill's t'loiii W'li.ili i aini ami hair a mill' rnim tlif sliuii' ulV i!ast ruinl. il Im> Iim ,i ii>i tall nuns liiiNi' aimi ml It. On llu' lir>l (iiavi Siirviv rliail> ll «as l.innMi as Seal Kmk. .1 •.,..'.: I'll/., \Nilli twflvi- ii-it 111" w alcr iipiiii ll, liisMiiiIli si\t\ I'liiif 1. 1 1 II I. . I ml IIhit ipl.irtrls of .l milr oil' tlu' sliolr. This il.lli;_'i'r slioiil.l fspci'iallv ,ii.irilril a^;.ii!i-i in .i)ipiii.irhiii;i lln' I'lsiim l,.imliiiL,'. SAII.lNi. I>li;r.('T|iiNS. ! i III makiiiL.' San l.uis ( ilii-pn |',a\ liom tlic iioilli west, with the .siiiniin'r wimis. M's.>i'1> -ii. i:'\\v i'oiiit S.I 1 1 l.iii> a I HI ill of hall' a niih'. imssiii;; ilu- irrl' imi r loser than time liiimlieil \ lo! the port haml in --iv in mmii t.illmiiis nl' w atil', as a -.iitikeli lork \\itli sixteen I'eel nii I one liiimlteil ami thll t> \ al il-^ solilli >oiil|ie.i>t (.SSIv) I'lolli it. .\ Iter ] I.I -■■-ill;.' t he lee I', ll' Imiii. the I l.li loiil " hail', haul close (wi the w Jml ami, it' iieccss.ii \ , make .i sliorl lack so as to aiiili ' enoii;:li to the u li.irl' to I nil a line tii it. In winter, am Imr t.ir eiioti^li out to clear the !• soutlieaslel sliiillhl spun;; lip. ll e,iii;:lil. m't dose llliiler the laliil lie.il tile Niillh W hah I I. . v\ III « ihr. ami I'mm it the \cvsels Inilmv the onllilie III the point ami reef in seven ami ci;:ht l.ltlioliis nt u.lti' 1 11 tile Inoaii lii;;lit o| iIun lia,\ , t oaslcrs from the -oiilhw anl ilill in;,' siimmei w imi-' cm »• ;'■ ^'^ III the anilioiaL:e in compaial i\ el\ Miioolli water, e.ii i \ in;: leti I at hi mis of « ;ilci one ami .i h oil .^hoic ami three tal hoiiis u nliiii a ipi.ii ter ot a mile of the lie.ii'h. It is ail\ i.'-.ililc, Ii.om keep lint ••11 Ic of t|i|. Iini. Ill kelp ,iml the Miinitv of the sllllkcn loek-- ile>c!ilui| ;iliii\ e. .1 ii(hiiriuji ill 11 i;l/f I .— III e lia\ I- .111 open lo.nlste.lll, evpn.seil to the sontlieril ;;ale> of Wi'llil ami <\ ell iliii in;»' hc.iv \ mirth u c-.t « eat he i a li.nl l.iiei.i! swell roll> 111, ll iiileiin;,' il an nm ■ lilc anchoia.'c. lint close nmlei I'mnt ,Saii laiisti nti\ in;; rociis ami icit liri;ik tin- soiilh s\mII. ami the lii;.'li I.iihI ajipi ai ^ to pic \ cut t In- « iiitei u i mis I rum lilou in;,' home, lieean-r I stcanii I > li;i\ c there I. ml out licaxv sonthc.i'-t ;,'alcs. Fortius piii|iii..c a \cssel slnnilil run niiiler the laml iioitii of the point ami anelioi in fiom three ami .> Ii.ili to four fatli<>iiis walei > hiick.V III ml, with the on III loiks of the reel liiaiin;,' '•oath southeast ,.SSl%.), I lie e.i.--tei ii ' Wii.iler Island iicarin;: --iiiiili thrcc-iiiKirtcis VMst (S, ] W .i, ami the inidillc ol the inta i, <• W'iialer, lock licaiiii;: soiiihwot (.SW.). distant three liiiniliiil > anls ; this latt' i is the iicm Vi'sseis have ilitlicllltv in (.'cttili;,' their ailelioi>. The old hide droghers ll.scil llil.s ailcliora;4e l.sili. I.aiMliii;; was Innnerlv eneeted in tin- month of thecreck, lint frei;;lil .'11111 i>as.seiitrcr.s.i transferred to the wliaif wiieie \cssel.s inoor alont'sidc. (Is.sT) tiieoiil\, lamliiij,' ill San Litis Oliispo ilm. ■ ll"'* I'inl Hiiilni il.—'\']\r Wc-lel niiiosl, and lix'iillv calli'd II. irloid Wharf "1 Port Harford, and ins I wo tiiirds of ;i iiiile iiciriv north 'i! I'ACll'IC (i)Asr I'lhol. Ill I. .■! NNW.llroin \N'li;ilt'r Islnml. Ft ]>riijt'cl.s six liiiiidn d ,v:imIs in ii vontlipiisf (lircctiiiM from the, 111' >liiii(', ;iii (ir tliice seliiMiiiiis mi' lieie Inailiiin and discliai';;iii}^ >ami> tiiiii Tl leie is a si Kill;; niidei lnu at the what I, v\ liicli makes the hcrtli of Vfssels .; . . and at n i;; lit, or « lien luadin;; ur di-cliai ;:in;; is not eai lied on, tliev t;ene rally slack away ill ilie wliail' t\\enl\ or lliiity I'eet and l;aiil I\said lhion;;h the Santa Maria N'alley. IM'.I.r. inOV (>1 I' IMIIM' .SAN l.fis. I<>. till ill tindiii;,' and enterin;,' the liay in thick and l'ii;;;;y weather tlicie has lieeii pUuietl a '",// in loiirteen tallnims ol' water at a distance ot' one and iinelUlli miles sdutlieast from ••I Nland and diie and tiiree lifili^ miles .sdiithea>t liy s\ iiditii hair mil th ( W. I)y N. A N.;, disl.int lour and a qiiarter miles. The licarin;; to 1: 1 Vmiielld w lii>llin;; Imoy is sonlh IweiityoiR' dc^jii'cs cast (S. Jl > V..] and the distance thirty- l"iii .i:m1 line i|iiai'lcr iiiilcs, I lie We.stdalil l.'dck Inioy hears sontli ei;;hty tour de^rrees west (S. SI W'.i, distant twn miles. i; 1 111- lldwcll lldck liimy ninth tueiity dc-iees east N.U'o l\.), distant (Mii- mile. I iiini Point San I.nis the I'dllnwin;; Inii iiii:s and distances are ;;i\cn to iiidinincnt dlijects: r.iiiil Arnnrllii S. I 'i Pill I IliK liiiii iimt iiilirs isjMi) . . - I'irilia.s Itliiiii as l.inlillioii^r, I not Mill rvistilili) I'liiiit Siir J nut lull rvisililr 1 '.Ij null' lcr, isss. DniiiiL; iiie snr\i'.\ df 1S7J a sea fell « ,is n Inr II li,\- llic parly lit liy the tisherinaii wlm rcpditcd it Imt \\liii failed to ieco\er il. It lies in w .Iter df t went \ f il Ikiihs w lure the Imltdin of sand ami Innkcii si lells rs \r\\ !( Liniai I'lp is sm.ill in evlcnt and the sides rise \ ei\ slee|ply tn williiii sixteen feel df the surface. • ilaiinci h.is t wo he. ids, lict ween which is a depth of ten f.ithiinis ul' w atcr. 'J'ln \ are coxcred 1 .leat liai nach's. Il IS located li.v the follow iii',' l>earin;;s and distances: I'echo Kock, mntliwest liy west .seven- ■iiswist (N\V. Ii\ W. W.idiNlant tniir and lliiee > nuilh ( th (NW'.liN N.) one ami tiveei;;htlis niili Ih I lid lldik. ciyhlccn •eel, west li\ til (lie ipiailcr mnlli \ Ih iW. li\ N. 1 N. tu I ami din the Santa Itosa Hock, ei-htt en tcct, Nve-t noi I liu est , scant , \V N W . Mlistaiil two I I'll ei;;hlhs miles. IimIi I'o^raphie examinalidii < .1' this li.iN and the aiipinaehes in ISTJ w as \ I'ly llidron;;li, ilie icunhiiilx df the lioildm w.is nnii.e.ilile \Ml h a niuriirnil,\ clean liolloiiidt nind. sa nil t •• ^ M-'i'l H I iw a \i,i ml f r| i n I! il 112 •Acinc coAsr I'li.tir. iiiitl 11111(1, ;uiil s.iiiil ;iiiil liickiii slulls cxci'iii iii a ^pot iil"nit t>ii(> liiiiiilrfil ami lilly _\,iiil till' lock, wliclc II IS liotril •• lii(k\." r ic link IS ii.iiiii'il allt'i llif kis| lislii'i 111,111 \\!i<> I'iMiiiiI it. A i'iflmiiii.ii\ cli.iit 111 S.iii I.iiis (Mii>|iii r.a\ w.is iniUli-lird liy tin- < ciast Siir\i'> in ,Ui'r iililii'iis lia%(' ln'i'ii |iu1i1is1iim1 in i'IiiNimit the icsiills nC I he llmiiiii^li .suiiihIiiim oiii h; rof W'c li,i\c Im'111 iiit'iii iiifd I IVil 1 1 \ ulil 111 li r liiiiilcrs (Ml t Ins cii.isi ili.u t licrc cmnIs a iMiiit ciuli' iiiilcs sipiilli siiiilir.vc s| i.-'i.SW., limii I'oiiit ."-^aii 1,111s. ami Imil lK( it'lliioii' lli.i: ;{,, li.iil t.'iiml l.r!|i ii|ii>n II III liMir latlmnis III w.itn. On the iilil .S|>,iiii.s|i cliails ,iii i>l,iiiil ,i|.|ii.i|. kiiil ilitw 11 ill that ilircrlinii. liiit ilis|,iii| almiil ('i;,'lil lca;,;iH's. On 'ri'liciikuir's cliart is pliMij.i •• ilmilii I'll! 1^1. iinl li Pill S|iaiiisli ell, Ills" IJIIN mil' mill's soiitli sj\t; 'iiii' tl»';;r('i's urst (.">. il.i \\ . I'ltit 111 tins imiiiliaii I III' niir iliiiiisaiiil lalliiMM liiu' nt' .sDiiiiiliii^' IS fairly wfU lixi'il: ,imi1 iIm , ^.,; IiiiihIu'iI aii'l si\l> i wn l.ii Imiii muiiuIiii;.' is unly sixtrt'ii null's tn ll miilii\M'si li\ iiiuili NW i,, N.) Ill tills p.isitiiia. Oiii'iif till' l',iririi' M.iil straiiisliips l,iy In in a soiitlirast ^alr aii'l llii i, tn_ oil I'liliil Cum r|iiiiiii. ,111(1 ilnriiiii; In llii' iKirl liwanl r,imc iliirvpi'('t«'ill\ iipiin ,i simki n |,„l, ii|iiiii \Nliiili till' SI, I ».is lirrakiii;.' lii',i\ily. Tin' I'lniimaiKlci snppnsril tin- xr^xl in Ih' iini ,.■! I'liiiit Sal. .i:i(l li.iil >(> |>l(itt(-il till' iiM'k upon liis cliart. liiii np>>n lirin;; inrurniril ul ilic ,i,. ',:>.! oNisti-m r of ,1 I", k I'll San l,ii:s (Miispn, In' \\.i> sati>t'n'(l that lio liad Im'cii iir.ii it, Iml iiii:.ii';i natch Ii.kI 1... .^p|...i iiiiiiiy •'! ilcirrmiiiiii); liis pnsilinn. 'I'll is liir.ililN ilciiiamls a ilmiunuli I'xaiiiiiiatinii, as it is in I lit' ilirrrl tiark nt' tin- MrMi.m ,i I'.ia.iina sicnini s I iiiinin;.' Ill ,inil tiiiiii S,in I'Liiiriscn. Tin' w lialiii;: ritmpan\ at I'miil S.iii l.i l.ivc m'\ IT ili^riiV I red aii\ s|;^|i' III tills I'i'pui'iiil iiick, ami ,1 liiirnt' Miiimliii;;s inn |u || pii.'>itiiMi .-lidu s iiti\ MX I.iiIkiiiis \\ ,11(1 111 till' \ iiiiiil.N . Tins dipili is, Ikiwcmt, minli lis> thui :i,, avrlii^f .il til, it distailii' oil' sIhph'. '11 ir ^cM^i iphic.il p( IN I ; lull III' .s;.iii l,iii> II ill, tliici' .luailiis nt' a ill I If imiili sixty di'::ii ■ ■ • • - (N. I'lll \\ .) Ilnlll \\ lialiT Isl.tiid. Is: l.,ililiiiii 1.1. |i;;il Mile ;i.'. 1" (Ml II. Hill, I'.'H I.. .t' «csl 'I'lii't'oast and inii',il slalinii \\,is mi I' lull I'ast Mill' 111' till' sin.dl li'isli watt'f stii'.im wrsi nt' I hi' rn'ck, and Us ^'i'n;.'i.i jihii'.il pnsilinn l.aiaiidi :(.. In i|i;;iliii!i' I'J M ;;:i ».-i !)r, 111 tiilir fi tl'." Tlu' Ilia;.'!!! til' \ iii.itinn was l."p J7 i.isi, ,I,iiiii.ii y 1, I ssr., u ii|, ,i \i',iil\ imri'.isi' nf nii .rri Olir truth I'i'i'l. TiitiS — Till' (_'('! I I'd I'd r.st.ililisliiiii'iil, 111' nil aa inli'ix al lirl with Ihr limi' nt' the immir^ ! ; ris ; ainl till '' nl lii;;li ".ili'i. !■< \ s . 'I'll,. Ill, ',111 iivi. and I. ill nt' lidi-s m lincc .iml si\ iiiri.' I'ci't ; nt' ^piin^ tiih^, fniir ,iiiil ii^lil-lriil li> Iccl ; ,iiid nf iiiMp lidi-s, lAii and Imii ii'llllis !ii : Till' nil .111 dm. i! Mil III t hi' ll,,i.,l I-, li J.", , .iiid III the I'lili .'» ."is . 'I'lii' a\ rr.i;;i' dilli'li nci' lu'lvnn till' ( 'nr;i( till Msi.dilisliiiii'iiis t>\' tin' a. in. and p. in. lull's nf tlir s.iiiii' day i.s 1'' :.'l I'm lii;;li » >'• and r- " fnr Inw wati'i'. Tlir ililli'it'in'cs w Inii ihr iniinii's diM'linalinii is ;;n'ati'sl an- 1' " j.S , i(-p( ('ti\ il\ . Till' a\ ir.iLii' d.lli'i lii'i' III lirl.:lil III thi'si' t\Mi lldrs isniir and nlii' li.il till' lii;;h '.vati'l's, ail fii't Im tlir Inw w.iIiin. Wlirii tin' innnn's di'rlimil inn is ;,'li',ili dilVi'liln IS ,in' |«n fi'i't and Ihii-i' and iim- triilli fri't, irspi'i'tixi'lv , Tin' avi'i,i;^r dilliirip hi;^hii' lii^h ,iml liivM'i ln\v u.iii I > III ilii' s, 11 11 1' day is ti\i' and fniii I ml lis fii't. and when li di'ilinaiiiiii IS -ii'aii'st, siv and mii' li'iuli fri't. 'I'lic lii;r|„.|. hjjri, ij,],. ji, ||„. twcnis !■ Ill Tills annul .' alti r till' immii .^ upper i i.msii |ii.. The heights are the f..iiiii' as S, in l>iei,'it. Till' InW n III S, ill Luis (Hijspo. w hleh t.ikes i!> n.iine floln I he inisslnn of I h.il lilin iScptclllliei 1. I 77-. 1- lint on the 1 1,1 \ . lull i> si In a led ,1 1 unit I ell miles III the lllti'llnr in I ll.l 'III llii' < iiillM' .s;iliilsliili'- Ih'Iw n-uiikiiiH \M'ti' iiiiiiiii. I'lll .S.IM l.llM Clr. 1, lili.l III,. ;tllli'..i llr.ir I 111' il,il 1 lile UJIlr.ll sl.lll"M i;i 1 A 1*' . ' vl I,' T I L ' S ll m if '■'S ill ^ ihU ( I t ill ; 1t f If^i!' '^!f-hV| H I i ; 1 ; ' ^% SlfBBS -fiiK'"' — ^<»-. .^; ■■<, ^ ^ ■ '- ' ■*■ ''■ .•> ^:v ■'«, it .- .^ •"^:' 7 y-r ■* ■" • 4 ' '"»> ' -;<• .'>^.> -r^t'-. -tX-^aWwi- r* 'C"«r'- I'l.illt IlUltll NW.i y N » N , ,li«tiinl If I" ••' M,.i>l.' il.'l HiH Im |.„... K.Tk, ll'.M..t ^.'^ ,-(/\<. Jk '-^'^' i^" > .^, v^r. i>'-<' V.' -;■>•-«' . {T ! ' y Y'^"* 1.1. . I. H^.k .■h..K..k.:'.l f.-l..l,Kt..ui IJtn.l.'H. Mci.ti- 1 li'uhii! W I \V .4 ii;il«"<. N\V I > \V P"> t .:i; .^<^,.ft^^^ .^^^'^^r^-^ '/J' >.■«?•"" ■■ -«' , fa -r l.,..i. li... 1-. HJ f'-.l, N\\. ).- \V. j\S' ,.;!mil<' K..I lU.ill Ml>ll<<- nt i i.nle. 1 11 >l ( Ih.' Ill . . ;,!!; Ur.i :l„. ! II ist Of -.;. I.,. ;fii. u ■>, ;D|...m -hv [In ! i>v! r.i, (•li'i I.;.,,',. r\('iiic I u\si ni. ilii.c iVci ||i(« I iiiiaiiiHii /;«(/'/i,* v\lilrli is iiM.|il\ illsllli;;ill>liri| in id; '^ ||,,||| il,,. 1 1, i;iii< s ina>s kiiiiwn a> tlif Mmiti iltl .ii'l ami siMilliwaril, iMcaiisi- lli<« 1 :.il|s a^N.iv lii'l I It and llins li il .siiiiii'u ii.ii i-ii|,iii'ii, its feat iiri's as a laiidl'all iiavi' aln'.,.is iifi Ihr V Ml II di'>ci ihcd XI' .San laii-i ( )lll•^|ll) \\.i\ . 11 auaid r.ift' III' iui|,\ cJilVs l.xiks li il Miiitli\\i'>( ami has .i li'iidii oi t ililc Lmij ^l iMiii tuci liniidircl \aids \\ idi' .iml Irmn loitv •\ I'lTt tdrvall i'MT|ii II di.itfl.v i< I i'uiiii Sill l.iiis and llif l!a\ uf San Luis Ohispo. sniiir :da •!•> rvti'iid iiiit ImIT a mill'. Tin' lulls i i>f r,i|pid!v •III 1p\ di'i'i' unlilii's iipmiii;; upon till- SI'. I. A curidiis llsin;; lip 111' liiiUy lllll CI i Ippl II US, si\l.\ III Till -hiM'i' is iiindi'i'i'd l)y imks 'vliidi m Ih'Ii mI till- iioidri lit' t.ilili' l.inl .iml an I'r 11 i;i- idiisc aliiii'' tl d;;i- I't llii' l.llilr liliill is llii li'ft aiinSf I lie ;;rnfial li'\rl. 'I'lii' lii ^t I un ni' ||ic>v liiMJnsi' iiii;ii| iiT mil III In iM .1 ,N.I.\ K 1 1 Hill III. I'ri Jiii I .'ink. and a If n-lits li\r ,iml ^jMx .|.i;;||i r,.,.| mIiom' llir ;;. nnal Icm! i.C tlif liJnlV. '11 .i^li'iii and Inwii III' till' t«ii is kiiiiu ii ,1-. I'lll.u Ilink. ,iml iis ^nii's ,irr a! iiiiist pi-i pi'iiiiirnlai Till M iMiid. risllij; iiiinl\ liTt, l> iiIM' liiilr iMslu,irill\ Inmi llirjanli linrk. and tVMi mrk\ isii'ts il.iM iiiidn- tin- idilVs |ii»t wivsi uC tins liijliiik .iif i Iinmlii'd imd I'i^lily t'l-ft ain>\r tin- waliT, m iii.ii:\ l\\ iri' as lii;;li as till' iiiiiiiri|i,iti. Iijiii). I'lir I liinj IiiIIimK is diiiililr. rises si\t\ I'ci't almvellie t iMi. aud lies nidy iHii' I lill d nl' ,i iiiile mu ill nl' jjnn |;iirk. I 111' nnriliwesieiii pail 111 Miiiite del llm liiiii Is \eiy jilainly marked liy tliree Imiizuiital ;. 1! . 1 ■- lia\ ill;; .se\eral li mid red leet di Here nee III' elevation. Nl) oilier point 111! tile coast IS more ilU 111.11 kcd. I mill I'oiiit .S,iii I. II is tlie coast lends in i slr,ii:;lil line west iioiihwest i W N W.i Inr a distance III ii-lii miles under tlie ll.iiik 111 Monte del Kiiclioii, and close aioiiy; tlie slioie ol this streleli are ^ivri.il lar;.'e rocks InlciHer docl ihed. I »iic of llie m.iiks aloii;,' this shore. 111 clear weallicr, is the I'eclio House. It is a white. I Iri.ililv l.ii ;,'e. Iinildiii;; on tile ;,'r,is.sy iiiesi. alMilt twnaiida liall miles wrst north west fium !l S.iii I, Ills. The dills mull r it .iir while ,iiid alimil liirt\ tcci hi 'I'lie linUse lies diic and Il llillis east noil lieast Irom the reelin l.'.icl I'-'iiit li'iiliiin. — This is the lei minaliiui nl tl icst mutliwcsi WNW. trend of the I'll, 1st froin 1'" ■!■ S.i:: Luis and forms the iiorihwesi .sieir of ihc Muiiie del I •iii'liiiii. Tl II Iv fortv feet lii''h, sli'ditlv o \ el Iiaii;;iii:;. » i le extreme piiiiit is a til hiA i.ilile l.ind 'icliiml il Hiadiially risiiij;to nil. Iiiiiidu-d feel in one third of a mile, and thence iapidl> to iweUe hiindicd and sixty feet in a I'l ' inure than one mile I'roiii i he |ioiiit. It li is a lew v isiMe low rocks close niidci I he el ill's, mid ^1 i u locks and Ine.lkers extend in;,' out mie i|il.ii ler of .t liille. « illi patches ol kelp. I lie I'lili riniisi kiKiw n iliiniji f is a sunken, sh.u p pninled n'ck .se\ en h mid led .mil se\ cut \ live v.ii'i- sniilhwcst Ihiee ipi. titers west .S\\. \ \\ . Iiiiiiitlie pnilil, uith tlilce and t hi ce ipi.ii lei s II' il s iipiiii It. It IS iiiit maiked li\ kelp. ' » 1 tile iini ih side uf the pmiii . i.:ic I liii d of .i mile disl. I lit. is the opeiiin;; ot N'alciicia ( 'reek, .1 ■ II ill sire. nil conn 1 llie sun 11;; tliriiii;:h a sharp ;;ull.s and ;;iiii;t 111 soiiilieast (SSI',.1. aliuiil li.ilf .1 mile i iiiiii the pmiil. I- li'iilf jioint tv.ciit\ li\e .;li. t'le.piently mistaken Im roini r.iiclinii li\ tin eiMMiiiH ^ir.imeis ulicn clnscly follouiiiH- hi;.' in thick wcithei, Iml it i,s in. irked li\ a sli;,'lii hillock alu'iit ten feel .iliove the ulln rwi.se lUacc, roinl r.nclniii does not show double w hen m.lde I'loiii the noilliwes;, hut when a 1 i^ .1 hull- to the ea.st \mui1 il .show s if i illilc ; illiii the c.lslerii pol ..' lii^her, W ith a slight dcpressinn ur neck lielillid il. .Uid then I uo sli;;li |ri-.^ .: iiiesa. It o\erliaii;.'s as well as the western point. Imi mole so. I' III is a liltle farther out and a t liilliieks on the sli"litl\ Thcic ,llc tewer rocks oil' 'lent |i|ii|ectiiiii. The hi;;li l.ind rising sli.npls iiiimedi,itcl> lielmid I his second point pro- iiiiiii' ii|i)iiMi.i 111 I ir .Miilris. |i :i-l. •' Till' aii< liiira;;!' nl' S.iii l.iiis wilist;iiit lliiii' l.'^miii's tiniii the Mis ; Ini'ii SIM > .111! II Mil ^1^111/ il II, 111.' Mnllli :t,t /.',|. 'i.el, sil ll.lMIrl 1 lll'l'allsl- llll'llllll' 111' llie tlillr Wllirll llVlll 1 III.- Iif;»i 11 I'.irrii'il ltd riiiiiiis ynilre, I'lii' nm ' .'' liiii ili"M'ri|iti.iii III' .Miiiiiit lliiiliuii si'iiu- il.iiii is '■linn . I lIl.l.N II ll|l < loiHpii. Il \x nut It SMI);!!' I'liiiii'.il miiiiilim. Iml nil. .1/iiii/r i/rf /.'(i.'AiiM I, ri'l'iTr.-.l t.i li\ \' III. .IIIMT. .X.iM-111 ill lIlK pill it.'il I !i I'l " III' 1,1 1 1 iliii c \'.iiiriiiiMi I milt 111 lliii I halt 111' .Mi;;iii'l I 'iiiisiitii/H, piililishril in Mi II I'll 11 \My,v rm U nil llie IMIillllr uf till' IHI'llll flllf. 171' 1 1 i' t' ,S 1 iiMil is ili'liii hi'il ri'iiiii till' I'll. nil wliii'h I'lilliivvs I 1111111 » lial III' s;oN at llie aiirlini.i:;!' in Ihr lla.v il' niiiiiiitaiiisaliiiiil I. ii nillt'S In li'ii;;lli li,\ alimit li. 1 -, IT'.':!, iis lirifiu till' liilllie illleailv liesliiw. il N'.il.ll.li. 111'. 1 I'hi' iiiiiiii' Siiira ih'l lliii'hiiii III li.li.i .'.e. i;7n. Ill- Ills llii- iiili;i' hai-liiin-il, n ^' Mf't ^ % ic(i.«i riiithi'i mil til. Ill till- lii^li l.iiiil I'll 1> "I I't'iiii Iti.i'liiMi, anil is tlir part »T rlii> i'a|n' His; ,,, iHHii ,1 ili>l.iiici' to llic ■Miiillivvii'l lit iiiiilli^aiil. I'lio Noiilli ■»iiiilli\vi'sl lace III' till", Iii;;|i 1 till- ll(l;;lll of lllitlr>t llli.', 1-. rii|l-.liH'Uiill •!> « llllc. ami Is tlliTrln HMtlll.N li'tii;;lil/.ii|, \\ |i, ,, I'liilli llir Miiillii'.lNl li\ iM^t (SI'!. li,\ I'., tliilii llilllv liillr-. It ll.TM ll|i |il«iliillH'lill_\ ; ,ilii| \MMliiii till' hull iiiiiiiiil.il IIS 111 till' S.iut.i l.iiii.i 1.11 m .lie M'lii Im'muhI ami tu ilir ui siw,, Hut wliili till' v.\\raraiiri' is 1 1 lit t'\ III Intnl. Till- ;;i'ii;;r.ililiii'.il ji'isiliiiii ut I'Miiit I'.iii h.m, .i> ilrl«l iiiilu-il li.N tlir T. S. ("uast ainM. i. Slir\r\ . is: lilt.lM.I.' •'-■' I'' I'-' ■' ll"llll l.oMmiii.l.. I*i ■'• <'l.:i «.-! • n.niiniM' -■' ii:i'" ;u;' I Thi' iii.iLiiilif ^.iii.iimti il l'"iiit llii. hull I'M . I. mil. II \ 1 , I ^."^.'i, « as 1.") l's rasi. « n h .u, .i ii'cn'asr III' I.I. I "111111 I'.' Ill I'.iicliMii ihi« |ii:;ii S nil II.' I'r.ilx nl tli>' iiiiiiinl.iiii lir> mhiiIi ri-hl> li\i- ilr--. . iS. .Vi !!.• ihsi.inl tiM- .iiiil ,1 ii.ill null'-., .1111 1 I'miil II si in is iu-.n s uni ih iiiiirti'iii ili—ni -. i:i W .1 ilistaiii t«ilsi' ami hih' tliinl iiiilrs. I liilrr till' rlltls /i(/yr(()l /'.>i(l( >i//i l.liis iiml I'l'iiii lliii lii'ii mv lilllm lulls I m Us ijiisc n, -i with iiiir 111 UMi l> 111;.' siiiiii- ilisi.imi' mil. ■/'/(/ ritho liiii k.—'\']ir lilsl 111 thi'sl' IS till' riiliii l.'m U, « liirli has alirails I II ills, nil. . Paiiurls. S.lli I. UK (ti'is|i.i r.,i>. /'/(( l.i'iii /.'" t'i'i't lii;:h, Imt a hillork i iscs in iini' hiitiilii .1 ., i'ii;lit\ mil' li'il lUst i isi.li' thi' nl;.'!' of llii' lililtV. «illi a ili-|ii rssiiui ol iii;hl\ fi'il lii'liiiiil 11 n .iiiil mil' '|ii.iil.'i Miili-> r.isivianl ot lliis r.irU ili.ii' Is am>lhi'i liillmK nt oiu' liiimlnil .tin! in si.\,'n t.'it i'li'\.ition oil till' \ii^i' I'T till' liliill. « ilh .1 ilrjiU'ssHiii 111 iimt'tN tci't lu'liiml i: I lu'i'uli.ii I'm iii.itiniis lia\r aliiail\ liri-ii nliirril to. ■|\\.> huinllril _\ .il'.ls Wi'sl 111 till' 1, lull K.H'k Ills ,1 liiw i.irUt«rlit> \ nils in i \tilil, \\ ! ',. watrr iiiitsiili' it. I'lii'li' .III' s.iliii' liills in .1 u'ulill ,lli|r,lst t!n' I.i.iii l;.i.l>, u llli t;li'i'n si'l pi'lil ilir i-lllN «,■- , ; ;,'Ulfli. 1 In- llshi'i ini'li .IIM li'ir llirll Im.lls nil ihis ^ul.h. l''roiii I. Inn I;. Ilk llir lii;;li •' S.iijill.- ri.ik".i| .M.mti' ihl r.mhmi lins imilli .scmiiIv ;■ . rast (N. "o I'.. I ilistant toiii null's. ,Sii' vii'Us '.Nhii'h I'liil'i .III' I'miil r.inli.iii, l.inii liock. I'l.-lin llmk, ami r.iiiit S.in 1 i lliiiliiiijntpliii nil tlir '>iii idi !■ ii/Mmiti ill I fill' lion. — rill' snumliiij,'s nil .■s.m I.iiis ii ami I'miit S.m I.iiis navi- altr.i.l.\ lii't-n ;:i\i'ii. .Vlnii;; tin- \«linli' tari' nl ihr i litis imn, i I, Ills In I 'mill li nil. Ill I li.'i .' |s .ill. II 1 1 1 1' 1 1 l.il hmiis, hair a tuiic nil shmi'. .\ In i.ist i hi- I'l cu., |i..i|.. M lliill Is t «n .unl .nil' tlill.l mills In till' \»is| « aiil of I'olllt S.m I.iiis, llic |i\ (lin^i.i|ili; ;• trt'ii ratlimiis .ll .incmilr; t^Miit.v Imii .il t u n iiulr.s ; tliiil.N tmii al I In ii- inili-s, ami l< : r.iiir mil.'s. ihiis im'ii'.isiii;.' Irli l.ilhiiiiis tni (.nji iiiilc si'a\^anl. Alili-.lsl nl I. lull K.iik llnii' IS i||.|.|i u.ili I il.isi' In the ollli'l rlllls; lillU'lrill Lltjii'i: till' soiilli snulli.-.i>t S.-sKj,)! h.ill .1 null' ll. nil s|niir; tvM'lil> ll\ral niii' milr; I'mlvi. nulls, .iiiil llllv I'l-hl tallinllis al lllll'i- miles. 'I hele Is kel|i ami ntliel nil ks llisnle ihr 1 Alili'.ist nl I'nmt I '.in in III ami the .lili.ir.'lil I mint to the snulhr.lst, .llnl si I it eh ill l; In ".ml. tliele is II le:.'ul.ir, |nik\ liottuln III I. 11 to t\M'lit\ talhnms 111 Ii:ill a mile, «llll I, sin in- ; I e;:i||.ir Iml tolll nf I rt elil \ el ^ ill l.il InUiis al niie mile; lm 1 \ el;; lit I, it In nils at t « n ih lalhiillls ;it Ihlee. .mil se\ellt\ f.lthnllls ,i| tlnee ami .1 ll.lll miles. oil I'miil r.il.-li..n t.i 111.' \M-sl ~nulliu.s| W'SW , Ihe ili'i'lh Is t\M'lil.\ li\ e lathmns .U .- f. Kixty lallnniis at llilee miles, .mil ii-lil\ l.ilh niis ni l.nii miles. Ill nilllUU- alnli;; the s,.,,u,i|il tai'e of Mnllle ilel llllelloll 110111 the si.utlie.isUv.il.! Iim 111 li> \M-st tlllee .juaitels west ( N. li\ W . ^ W. . ..|ie ijll.il tel of a mile mil.slil.- I In I'. - i- - \* ill .-l.-.ii I he I.inii Inii-k I In- same ill ■l.m.e, .m.l .lis.) I he small inte l v eiiint; links I \ in;; nit ; hiiji Mil .MiKiiiliiiijs nil' I'liinl liiiiliiiii, — l-'ldiu i'olllt liiiilioll a line ot ileep .sea soiui.: .- ' ■ iipf lh»: III ,.' Illull I,. .! • I. W li. .,, ; .Mill ii, „.K i\C.sl«,ll.| nl , ■-1. I .IImI (n .1.: IMltll in U ll ll .III ,>l'l \ !• i|(';;ii I ^ ■ , i';;l res w i ^i * . rliiM' III -1,1.: li'M'lllu.l >,. I'St'liilil.iiK I :> • t >ciiillii .i>: ,-. iu ili.i; i I' 11, iw.. .11 .1 ; Ills lllll^. IM ! MmIv iill.M. ilir litlliilli '1 I lll'lllMll II (• ll.M .||„| : :.' unci ll. l\ ■ Nll'lll, " ' '.' v\\t\- ■.•< M'\ III' . S.iii 1 .Ills • • . Illllli 1 lir I'.li. i\' . lipllV - iiikI t' t'atlK'i: I'llltV ■' ,■ III. 1 iiiii: 1" villi 1, I W II Ih /i f V i ' |:'.|I-P i '•'t -'i 1 1 i ■A 1 li'" li 1 fii' lliMII-- .1! • K< ,l>U\:ll' III. I'' > in;; I'l iM Miin l;i li i l!^ !lti';ikir I.:ir! Ill' liMiit Hiiclion. Surtli li iiiilt'«. Montr .l.'l IUirl.,.ii, l,r(Hlf...!t. y/i p^.^- < v.\ M..rr.>, r.:;i fivi, m:. ii) r. ii imI.n III h:l.'\ wiiitlnir. y-^ )■■ ^f^r^^j^mSf^^ tiirlmii. Nnrtii IJ niilt'i*. "US .-;=-• •>-«>- if.'.'t. I'oiiit HufliDii, SK. } S,. !•; miliiH. />>' ,^-~- < 111 h;i.'\ uiatliur. <■ J I j ^ ' u = 1^4' 1 d i'.\( iiic I .lAsr I'll,., I, 115 1,. till' Wl'StWMlil (or Ilini'tN tun lllilis l.. Ihr i|ri-|i |i|,ll<'.lll ul' Ihc I'.inlir oil Dcciliill.r 'Jl iiiul ;^,"'.. Till' iloi'i'lll ll"ll 111!' <'n,l-~l |pl,lliMil I- i|lllli' -h ll|i. .i-i will Kr -rcil lolii llir rulluwill'i ;, wliicli I'xliiliii-- ill'*.' ivsiill-.: liir lirsi -.iMiiiliii^ is i.ilo'ii .ilioiii ilnvc .iinl .i lialf iiiik'S wt-st I'liuil iliiclioii : Liiiitiiili i..iimiiuii< 1.. I't!, Vi II )•• ' il'ii. tt.l.l' r.i.Mtttn :i.' r. 1 •.•(! I.'l 11." 117 :w IT IJl 21 .i;' ,1-. IH IJI :il tu :i.-. ■>\ IJl .IS f.p-.' :i.". J4 l?*i M' ii: ■ 3.1 ■.11 Vii 17 i.iin :i.'i ;,v r:'j II 1, '.u I'li.M.M II I .>l' linlKilll. i.r.iMifh miihI I>u. I I.I. . I • I'liuh liriiwii (Mi;.p. M.il.l. I.l.lik -^lliil. I>n '.lifiM-li iiMiil. lihi' uray •» iinl ' 'KI'Ill^Il l»fl/P, '. •'>-ii!«l) nil I'm lit < ''iiiic'|iiiii|i. ii|i|ir:iti- I li.il I lie ohr I lllMl.-;lllll• llll(■ is nil I \ Ini I \ iiiilr--, .iliij I III' lu II I 111 111^,1 Mil l,il li'Mii hill' Till t\ SIX III lies (ill >l ml c. KSTKROS HAY rii'lwccll I'lillil r.ilrliiili, .illi'.nly ili^rnlMij. .ii,.} I'.niil T.-Ii'I'ik, wliirli lii'.s t iwh i' .linl nlit' lliml I I !>'- iml'lll lllllrti'i'll lii'^rccs Wi"^l N. I'l W , Iriiiu II, till' i-ii.lsl (alls li.icU to lIlc r.l.sl U .nil I'lillht' : -1\ llllirs, lilllllill;' ,1 Ikii.IiI lia>. iijiili til jlii' \\f~t, uilll lll^ll I ii HI Ini. 1 1 lis nil lllC >nl| 1 |ic,l.-~t Illnl I : H. wis! ,1111 1 iiiw I.I ml ~ nil ihc I'liiiu'di.lte .sin in ■ in I lie iinitlii'asi w.ini. hi l!ii.-- I\l\ is I lir lain I in.:;' ■ ' ■ ins lii'liiiiil lli<- \Iiinii, v\ il li ( a> iii'ns ,iiiil I '.Ml I .'.iii'liiira.;i's in i lif nm i hcast |iai t. I'ln'ic i.s 1^1 t' ' "liiiiit Ihr l),i\, ami a ili'|iili nl ii'ii latlmtn- i-i cairicil witliiii li.ilt' a 'iiiK' nl' tin- i'i'' I l"iii I'nillt iiilcll'ill till' cn.isl Cnrilllll;,' till' ^i HI I lli'a ^f iTIl slinii' nl' I'Ntt'liif' I'.. IV is tlic Iniltll West I' i-i III' .Mnlllll I'lllrltnii 1 1 t Ii'llils .ilii n|it !\ In I iir 11"! I h Inl .ilmiit el:: lit III ill"- In 'In' lil;;ll, inilical I'" r. I III'. I r,l M.il 1 n. cliisi- iiinli'l' till' low -.anil' ';iir. I'll! r.' aillis l| >| I li w .ml ,,|' I'nillt 11 lie In ill till' I ' 'I • ii'.iNc, .iml I s.iuil liraiii. I'.H'ki'il li\ saml iliinrs, lii'.^iii^ .iinl riiii-> to tin- Mm in. 'I'lic laci' nf tin' I I- li'Mtll nl' I'nillt I'll li 111 III Is llmil till \ In .1 llM ll' lllill'l' t 1 1,1 11 111 1. ' 1 1 U 1 II 1 1 1'' I ll M i il i '..; 1 1 : it Is ^llls,•iy l' i'l' II l| li> I'lii'Us, aini iii.ii kt'il li\ .III iinti'iilatinii nni' tliinl nt .1 iiiili' In mi I'ninl I'liirlinii, u Ihtc ;i .s' . i!i s| Irani, r.illrti tlir |sl,iy ni \',ilrl|ii.i ( 'inl, , n|i.'iis ii|inii ,1 iniit r.iclnl iii\ r 1 l.ill 1 iii.ir iilV tin' ; r '.I', anil Ini li.ill' ,1 iii.lr imi I li .mil s-iiii li, .11 r lirl ii'lii' I lii-Ms ni ivi-lji. W'll Inn lr>-. than a 111 'Ir riniii IIm Imitli I'lnl 1,1 llir I'lllVi, .Mill .1 i|il.ilirl' nl .1 illllr t'lnlii llir m r III, ill's llir xilltlirl II Irarll lit M.irni !'' . ln'llillil llli' I nUr niii- liniiilrril Iri't lii-li. 1 i.l -1, 1 n ^ t !lr >.lllil i|illli'>. 'i'lil> riil;;r Inl lll.s iiliiiVs I ' ^iinlinl \l'ilin r,a\ ullli'll ijiilrl^'' III r!.\ .1 1 :. HI In till' imrl ll W .1 1 il .lini ills,lli|ir.ir ill tun 1 /.'.' Uiiri'i. — iliis I.s .1 lai _■!■. Iiuli, rniiH-al. L'l.miti'' 'siri, iii',irl> si\ 1 1 inn I ml \,ii'ils in ■•Mnit ami li^i' lllllltlrril ;im| sr\ rlit;. ' in .■■• Iri't rlr \ ,il imi. It '< .1 \ iTS lllllUi'l Ii'.ltill'r III tlir lll.\ ,111'! a|>- I ' -. Hill is ll irtn .iml Inwrr oilr ■ ' i I'lir III' sili^li' in'l>\ jir.lks, Iril nl' l\\i'l\r ill nil lllill'l , 4 III 'I'll I I.: Illy livr tW-^'Irrs Wt-t , N. s'l W ) fliilll tin' illiiliili' nl' I ill' \ aili'.s tnw aiiN llir m I'.lll. I •'•■.-.llilr • li.it tlii,- I llir .f«' |ir.iUs inax I'r.irii iillt nil llir ■-.nnr ! H'.ll III u ll'nlil I In' u .lliT nt' I Islrins I; I I I \| 1 1.1 .III' 111) -. ■> I'lal !a;;iMili* ami simiu'l's Klinwii i'nl!rrti\ rlv as Mm in I'. i\ ,,iiiil ! lu- ll mil rrllr.ll.s, Iras ill;; llir slinlr litw .H|i| s.iihIn, wliilsl tln' nnlllal li sjinii is ni-Lrnl .llnl -UImIi'I I'. i»>. .>'•!• ilrsrii|itji. II nl Mm in I'.a . fiurs 111!, llT.i I 'mill I '.I Mm 11. Ilir slinrr Illir l: I .nlli.i : ! irlnN In llir Iini tliu r.sl u ilil I.T -i \ liiilr- tn t lir allrlmr ■ U;;. ,lt Ca.Minis ,iiii| tliriirr li \ " Illllr^ urMUs.inl I" T'lail I'l^lrnis. Tlir mntlirill slmlrs nf liir liiy ;• ai' In, kv «ii|i l,i« lijiiils; llir |n« l.iml s i; -i-- ml n |ii;j|iri' I nlliii'.: ll ills li.u'UnMi.s iiiiiniitanis. ' '■■■ll hflill'iiir-tllhll ill' I'.sltfiix llillj. I I'mn' I'.lilinli In I'ninl r.-Iilns lli.-lr is a 1.11^1' ''aiiii'il ll Hill > ■' l.-it'.n.i" on till .ill! Si'iiiiMli iii.iil-<. Vi/r,iaiir»i li.iit li!'"-' li,i'> Um' Im> 'iml ll''' M""". '' ' Llllll'll. ' 'ii^Mimlli kiii>\« ll . 1.,,, Kdtri.i. '( : ira ^"iiiii li* lltl I'ACirii cuxsi I'll. (II. il(']ifli of \v:ut'f, l>iit no ('MiMiiitlinars dcjillis li:i\i' ln'fii itMclu'd as in tlic siiliniaiinc \ I'liliil IllU'iicinc. C.il iMcl l!.i.\.rt<'. riii'ii' IS ;k ;;o(iil dfplli of \va In tlm>ii;4lioul llicli.i know II ilaiiui I < (i\ ri ball' a in lie troin ilir >li(>i('. I'lillovv iiiu ilic coast line to I he nnrtliwanl Iroin r.iiiii I iii'lion, tlic (l(|illis ilci-rra-^f - ciulil ami liiiif la(iioMi> .il lialCa liiilr lloiii >liori' ; iiaili s Micii and MMiilccn at uin' i lliii 1 \ lai 1m 111 I > at t ui) 1 11 1 If ». AliriMvt I In' ln'ai li, tow ,iiil> I lie Mono, I hr .|(|ii li is si'\ en ;,, iiall a mill' and lillcrii lallioins at oin' niili', willi i;iadiial and ir-iilar dci'icasc iiiil>ii!< Mnrro tlii'ii' is a dcptli ot tilircii tat lioiiis at mii' nnli' oiV the s;ind licaili. t wcntN si\ lailn' null s. and tliii !\ ii.:,lit .it I liitr null ». Wiihin a indi' ol ( 'a_\ iii'n- ilir il(|iili mcna^i-- I'linn till' lii-.icli to ti'ii t.il lioiiiN at one iiiili' .mi scNi'nli'cn latlunn^ .it twn nilts, ,\t<' ('a\ life IS III till' «('st w .lid I'm III Iff III I If > ilifif IS .1 df |ii II 111 I in Id flf \ III III 111 mis a I "i slioif. and t\Mnl\ luo .it uvn inilfs. Hiii almiu llii'' -tifli li. ,ind all 1 1 if «... to I'mni I slioic IS lioidf ifd 1>.N iiMiiN sin. ill I'lx ks .iliii\ f and l>i luw v. .ilf i . .ind tlif llilff I.'.iIiimii '.■: iiii';;iil.iil\ distant t'l-oni tlif shuif ; ii n .i. lif> iif.iil.v li.dl' .i niilf in |il.iff >. w illi rmil lioii..: il.inufi . I 111' ( iinsjaiitinf l!of U. f Uf w lie if df>fi difd, lirs in tin- track ol tin- fn.i-i m;: sii ,i: I iiuti,'! r.\ .ti l\t)i'"< l!'iii. — A .•-liiill iffl' of lofk^ i'\lf lid-- oiif ijiiai If I nT a inilf nil tour inilfs Nunilif.isi ui' tlif Nloiio. I'ln- nwiII .doii;^ tlif licaili i> -j.! iifr.ill.N in.n \. Im: ; lll;;^ .doll;: sin 11 f a If \ f i \ if;;iil, i . Tlif i f .ilf iii,in\ jilaiis w lif if i|iiii ks.ind is liiniid, .iini 111 tlif flniniif 1 III Moi ro i:.i.\ . .1 liitiil.iii iiiik, Willi llilff r.illiiiins w.ilfi nVfi M.is if|i('ilid .iliiiiil iiiii-lliiiil ol .( ! .south w fsl (."s.-sW . . 1 1-. ill I I Ilf Mill I'll, u illi f i-hl In till r.i 1 1 11 ill IS aioiind it, lull sf \ f i .il -i .ii laiU d 111 disfuvfi It. 'riit Coii^riiiitini /I'f ( /. and tlic d.iii-'ii' at C.imhos and itn a|i|iio.iilifs arc dt'.sciilifd lif.nl lit htimiitsiit Ciii/innn. n'ORRO PAY Hfliiiid 111 NIoiiii* lifs ^Illr^o Ma\ . It is trian;,'iil.ir in sliapr. with a base nC tlin-c inili > the iiifaii. s.iii! h i>i t hf ^lll^l o, .ind 11% .i|if\ two 'iiilf > towinU llif f.ist. It is till I nt ll.ii pi nil i|i.il si if.iin f ai|il.\ 111.: into il is ihf I'lnii io and lis ti ilnitaiifs. Tlif i nliaiiii ' 1" on ilif imitli sidf 111 l!l Miiiiu. .ind I. as mils nine lift ut' w.ilfi in it, alihoiij^h stcinn ) elf \ in Iff I ail' li I'Ol It'll lo ll.t\ f f lllf Ifd, stilTiny ll|i tin- ipiicks.md liollum. It i»vi; friiipkfd. .Hid flii-f iiji 111 tlif w.ill* lit lllf lofk. 'lllf tidf iiisln-. in .mil out with uh r and no \ 1 >-i 1 111 Im.ii >lionld \f iitiiif •!iroii;;h with llif tiill si re n;^i li nl tlicflih. I'lnli f 11 f iinisi.iiifi •< vf.>fl> lit li;.lit dian;;hi ina> cnti i tin tlif last ol tlif llootl wlifii 'htif i swfll iin|s;df..md lllf liiiikfi> nil I'lll.ii l;iM k aif iiisi;,'iiiiifaiit. I'lllaf l.'fck is .i li;;:li hiindifd till -Il lip pninliil ioik.\fi\ small in i'\tt'ni,and l\ iiii: alunit tiltv Iftt lii'ii sidf 1)1' thf Mniio. h shows likf a whiti' sail clo.sc til I'.l Mniin nndfr lllf .iltfinnni scin 'inin I'li.'il raii'lnni. and t \fn wlnii imllli nl' tlif l.itlfl. As II fiiiiif< un liln- " ol I'.l Mmin lllf iiii'U >liiiw > lil.ii'k, f \ff |it a lip ot uhitf mi thf soiilli sidf nf thf -i fliiiniifl into t hf li.i\ p,i--i - 1 !.i>f aliiii;; thf north inli' of I'lllar IJiM-k, thf m i i In-i iiiitd alHiiit halt''»av almi.; ii> iinitliiMst tai-i', m lii-rc tlifri' i% .i -nnkfn inil, Miihmii hall' lilt III' watt'i- upon il..ind \\|iali i% ^.'fiifi.illv inaikid with .i sin. ill Innix l>\ lln lllf iliamifl II 1 s^.'i p.i>%fi| flii^f til ihf purl m notlli suit- of iliis Minkfii iutk.,ii' .sli.ilp tnins. Inn '> fmis|.iii||\ f li.iiiiilli;;. Il i> li.i, iidiiii-> ti< < iitt-r wilhoul lil-l f\.i hilo.viiiL.' thf fli.uiiifl, iiiilf-i .1 Itif.il pilni i» finplii>iil. Diiiiiil: the m, II |ss7 iii,. nuiili ili.innil iiitn Mi.i iii l'..i\ around tin- Mori" «.i- > tii'U I'll. Hint I o|ifnfd aimind thf "onth and < a a sidf nf tin' riH-k. 'I'lii% ih.miifl i- ipiilf n. mow. and .i dfjilli ol nf.ir'v tfii ffl can !••• firini! i filter till- flniiiiifl. inn Lijnif ihf •.will ,it i i|i-.laiiff ol til'lci i. nt t»t(it\ \anl> ■• rofk flif-f nndi I the -niithwi.sl pait ol tlic .Vl-nrn .iinl fi>iiiiim« i>intlfi tin- Mmro .. i ()\fr HM-iitv sards until .ilniM-.! tht- Minilif.i>i p. in. ami tli»-ii ♦«llo« tin- fh.initfi n ■ Thf not 111 sidf III the ili.iniiil 1- -.ifi p to. and II i> mil ti.i!».\ f«i {j»«t tin i'. Amhoi .in Till' >i;^l'al for lllf pdul i- Ihit-f lil.isl.- nt -tf.iln w hi-llv. »l,iii rt.i- wdl lie ^Ituw n ' tiiuii to imlii'.ttf pilot will fiiiiM' oil so siMiii as tnli- .iml wtadni |M'itiiii. • -. .!.». i.,ili,iM .,{ 1.1 M.iir" |..i;;. II.'.. •. N.iiiiiil lif I ;i ill' Inn ^;«ll ri.« nil I lit ■.•]i\ r»t«iiii-!i i liiiil- k^ ' » mv , i U k: , 1J i i;. ^ 4: 1 'i it i i, , ' "• •»«»., Kl M.irro, riTllf,...!, SK. In K .niniJ.K ,_^r El Mr>rr», I" tit > i:, miifs '.tt fu«t i,. i . uiutH, .1,.! ifei. Ill lui/y wciitliir Titip M.M,,.!rt „ H,,piii H'ltl .iCtOli-nt l'i».\ in-.w I.rtM.lMii;, N I'J W ■ mil.' t'uyiio.th l.iri i'ui^- \ In \V .j lliii)-«. •Kw-"^ i |i m ' n i t f r 1 ' B ■ ■ \ I ' ri K B 1 ^E f '"■'"" H| III III H| I'loni III H Mll.i::. . B to till' III H th.' US u B TIm'Iv B llll' M.lll 1 It B ti'(>i ii N>. B| nM'-i III W '"■'-!''• W" ''" fM Klll!..:|ll WHy 1 - Wx 1 In' •^* ''■'■ 0} IlM,, nil. ^j: run _ ii \i , '^:- Wl:,,rl ,11 l,,r 11., ■, 11.1 ','..„ Ilh. ..| 1 fi' In „.,| M . 1^ l! Ii K jl . ..,, , Hcl .1 ,.| ■ tl.... ^01' II. 1' A I'ACII l( COAM l'll,i>r. \ 17 I I.iimI aiiflmni;,'!' fni' vessels .iiilsjile is diii' mile m|V llir licinls opciiiliL: tlie Kiwii to llie soiltli nl' , III.' tin- l.i;,'cHiii, at the l.iiiilm;:. nil the \ ill.i;:r cilhcl Mm i ,. ( 'ii \ . I here is a ch'|il li of eighteen ii ,1 -iiiilxiii I'lieU. with mils r.iiii ami a hill' Icii of \\aler u|i(iii n, i-, ii|(ipric(l inside tlie . . -^els riillie cult with mole i|iHiil|l|\ IJiail liie\ enter. W ith ;i v\e-.|i'ily swell it is impiaeti ■ ■> ih> ellUer. I Aiiity \eais a.;;it Ihi |ias,sa;,'e w as im liiesdiilh siih> nf \'.\ .Mnirii. lint i'hali,:,'eil aliiml ISd!*. ii>le III elian^e, lull the iioi iiial opening is cm the iim I h >ii|e. > i.mj; the enasl to the inn I iiu e>t wavij I'ruin the Minio ilieir are mi unllvint; (laii;;ei's inil il I '.iv Ileus. I'Neept a sin. ill Jiateh nl' links au.isli sitn.ileil alimil li.tll' ,i imli' >iinlii scnilhuesi ■ if Wiliiiw CieeU, wliieh is a sin.iil vtnam einplxiiiL,' thiei' inih-> miilhuesi .N\V.)cir the I ' !.• mile sdiii heaslw anliv I'lnni t he milei enil uf ( '.i\ mns whirl' lir-. the Wnnli /,'(» /,-, >i\|eeii . Ii, I vtii hnmlreil \ .inN lioni t he \>i\\ Mm I) shme. It is wi y near I he imnil h nl' Old ( in I., <'\\ tens I.WIiINi,. r.is ,inellii|aj;e lies llul Ih t «ellt V nlir ile;_'lee> c.isl ( \ . '_' 1 I!. I Ueh e miles llnm I'm III llllehmi, ' Mil tlieastei ilinosi p.ii I 111 i;>Iei.iN r.,i \ . \\ Ini r I hii r i> ,i >li^ht imleiil.il mil III I he hiw shiiie. :lii> >liallii\\ lii;:ht a whail has lieeii Ini li nut In allnril shipping jaeilities I'm the ihriviii;; "iCav liens. The \ illaue s|i(iv\ s liy it > eliis|i.|' nl u hilf hniiscs apparently lllnlei' anil eliise ■ lii^li ininini.iins. lint really il is Ineateil at the iiiniii li nf ,i \ alhs risiiiMm-;i,lii.ill\ tinvai'ils I-. The wh III' slletehes out In the sniilh. ami i> nine ii illnl ; id tei I InliL.'. I'mirteeii Iref wide, Mie.isrd Willi h ,1 1 I he end. .Hid i-- Imill i|illte liii,'li. ,ls ,i prnl rrt ii m .iM.iiiisI | hr w in liv su ells. - I' i> ;l depl h nl' Imirteeii I'eet III' w .Iter at lis e\I i riiiit \ . .iiid t liei'e are .unnil liinnrilli;' liiiiiy s In nil ami east. Steameis lie on the east side nl t he w h.irl'. head in. mi a imrtli \>y west hear- I I lie. ir weather till' limises nl' the \illay:e mark the u'eneial Ineitimi nl'tlie aiielinrai;e. In i,. :n;.';,'y weather i I is a d,iii.L:ermis jneaiitv to ^-et intn. .Ml the ailj leinl lulls are inlliiiu and '1 1' ~-. I Isili;^ ;:iadliall\ as lhe\ I'.ill li.nk. (hie lull, .iliniil .i liiih' In t hr \^ rsl w.i id nl' t he Imvii, '•' 111 eslimated height nl nai' I linils, Hid leet. .\l|ntlicr hill..l llllle I n t he e.|s| , ji.is t he same ' ' .istinj,' steamers eariy rrii;;lil here iei:iilail\ and I. ike .n\a\ prndiiee, Init the anelim-.i;,'e is ' ded liy reel's, and I Ine.il kiinw led;;.' nl' I he i in mediate \ lellill \ Is iiei 'ded tn i raih the w liai f ' i.i- .iiiehiira;,'!' w itli sal'ety . Sehnuiiias In iml: himlier lint iinw i1S-n| .■.iri> aua> im pi.iilm'-. I I niii I hi' end nl' t he W liai I tn the Mni i n i |ir liraiiliu is sunt ii Inl I \ ll \ i- de;; I res iMsl . .S, |.") ]■;.). I I iniir ami a hall' miles h'liuinw (ll ('iiijiiiii\ iiiiil (iiijiiniii III s. — I''nr halt' a mile nil the slmre. ami jiist west nl' the prn- . iiinii III the wli.irl tn the smilli, Wvs I'diil iirniinil, in ii ked lit part hy kelp and li> liie.ikeis in i ' lallier. The e.istein limit t\\' this fmil iiimind is .ilmii; tliice hnndreil y.iids sniiih nt' the l! illd is marked ll\ w wliiti /f aids l! llie led ll.l;; in.llklll^,' Mnllsi' Knek slimild lie telll pm ,1 1 1 ' \ del .lliuc'd the enil|s|. I'nr eleaiill,:;' 11 the ran;;!' Ill' the nnrthwesi em mr nl' i he uh.iil'mi with ilie sniithe.isi ed;;e nl' a small ■■ nf tiiTs mi the Inw hillside iLillamile t'rmii the shme. There w.is a reneearniiiidtlie.se lli'eeiiilier, I.SSli. \\ |ii-|i|, when ste.l mei s .i i r i- \ preled. a hllle 1 1 uhl |s s1i,.\mi at that enrner ' '• "li.irl. and a red lii,'lit nii this r,iii''e, almiit mir hnmlied and tilts teet li.irk riniii the wharf. r I i I I I i i 11>< TAt II IC (•ii.\--l I'll. Ml'. i i(i-H 'I'llCM' l|;:llts mu>t l>r ki'|il nil lail'^i" rli>>il\ u« in;: In llic •.linlt (lisl.llici' licl\ rcli llii'iii ii;i(l t'l M'.IIlI lOiMil III till' rll.llllll'l. rilr Moil^r ItiH'U IS riMll\ .1 liily-f ; || dcic^ liii| lili'.lk ;l> .1 •«lli;;li' n1i;11 p I i«ik, li||| ll:, i, lit'.iMs ii\ 1 1 It .iii'l l)if.ik^ .1^ riillii>. '/./..I.' /.'.I' /.v._.\llMllui il.niUVl l- tlic MclCllIt i;(nk> (tiiMlicllv kllo\MI lis till' Skull I;.. I. Iiilll IiiiiiiIiimI \ .ikN Miutlic.isl Sl',,1 t'liilii tllf CIhI iif III!' « li.nl. ll IS ,1 li;||ll>« Iii1l;i' ,.| ,,.ii, Willi I Ml 1 11. 1 I'll' IMJIils, h.iv III;: II I III' til rl^lili'i'ii I'li'I n! w ,ili I i.\ il I In In, muiI Iimii :iiii| li\ r |,|| iUiMlllil I In 11 1. Till' lril;;i' III". i'i|>l .1111 1 «rsl. illlil is |)ri'li ilil\ nin- lillliiili'il \ IliN Inli;:. 1 1 i -. • mm* ll\ 11 /■/«. thiti .It ll I .11 Mil' iri 'ft )'/ .lini ;l ihili iliii/ ;{{ till- (irv/» )■'( 1 inl. riolii I lie « liiii I' I he u I; Itc.ll'^ •.i.lllll I'lillS I\\.i ilc-I'i'i'S I'.l-l ,.>^. IJ I'!.'. .111(1 till' lill,.' llil;,' -Mlllli |l|l|l\->i\ (Ic-l, ,s. .;.; i:, . \'i'>>.cK (';ill |i.l--s licl W I'i'li llir Nlnll-.) ilnik .lllil lllc \lil(.il(' llmk- III live ,111(1 si\ |';ti (this is till- lisu.il I'li.iiiiH'l : ainl I'liior III the im^i 1 if I 111' Ml li'.ill |;iM k~ III lull I 111 li\ I' rmliiiiiix, hilt, lllllll" o« ill;,' til till' l.iti'h ilisi'iiv civil iliiiijir iiH'iitiiiiH'il ,il>ii\ I'. tlii> l.ilti iIlIIIIH I Is iinl U'i'iilllMii'.'iiliil. 'I'uiidi iliii'i' iiiiiiiiiii^ liiiii\^ 111' liilwi'i'ii till' ^Il ll ill ItiM'ks ainl llii' wli.iil. f'i'ii.\tiniliti' /i'<"/,. — Till-. Iililili II tl,iii;;i'l lii'.s III tlic tr.dk III \i-xK iimiliil tii(' a\ liens ii, wrstw.iiil. .1* ilii'V :ji'i iiM.ill.N km']' i|iiili' clusc aim l: tln' sim ll |> .1 il.illhl, h, lllllll II tiMi I'l'i'l i>l ■ .ili'l nil till' w i'-.!i'l 11 In '.111 .unl i'l„'lil till 111! till' I' a -ll I 11 In .ni. I In \ ale >\-\> i ; , ,\ ,11'ils .1] I.I 1 1 ,1111 1 III- I'. In! iiortlii'.isi aliil siiiitli sniiiliui'st limn t'.uli iil Iht. W In ii ■ n.iiiiii i i| i,, |s>| a ili'jitli lit" Imir l.itlnniis ut" u.itnw.is Iniiinl liitvM'rii tlniti. ami si\ ami -cmii lailimu- c',,,, aimiinl lliriii mi all siilns. I'lii'ii' w.i^ ^i r.(_'_;li:i;; kilji amiiinl tin- il iir.:i'i mi-> |i.itrli Im li . illi'il .\aiiN ill till' lilir nl' till' twi> rill' ili'jilli lit tlicH.iIi'l ilisjili' lln' :i>i'k'> rali;:r- h. tlin'f lailimiis liu t'mii liiiiiiln'il \. ir \v.i\ i.iwaiils till' slmii Till' Inn- (it 111!' Iimlli tclii'r l.lliui's :illliii>l i-\.n ll> lirlwcrli tin- Km k>, aiiil tin' Ii till' w.ili'limisr at < '.IN liens 1- ii\ I'l tin- I'.l.iek iiiu'k. 1 1 lies I list liall a mile nil till |Mi k\ sln.ics i,| ( 'a\ iiciis I'l.jni tn llie imi I liu .U'll, tlillil nt ,1 Ilille mr.siile llie Inrkv liil' sllel elilli; timaiiU It Irmii llir innl liw est. |i t lilee si\lee|ltlis liille> snlll li llll\ I 111 ee ili'i; 1 ees \\ est ."s. W I mill I lie e'lri'i'li sill I liens I W II ,111(1 nlie si \t eel I til ill lies sniitli li ft V ll w i|i"^ri'i s u e>l .■-». ."i"! ' W, ll'nlii the lni| ; h if I 111' I.U ^e « .llelim;si- al tlie slinfe eini nit ' i\ liens « li.il I': nln< .iliil si\ ill lent lis ml le ili-Ulics West ■.'s. Til W fmiii ^!nllse I.'nek, wliiili Is 111,11 kill li\ ,1 leil ll.i;: ; .llnl il illtll tlll'ee .llnl nlie liUllll lll.li s ji. I'nllll I'sll III ele.lf we.tlliel (he Ineatinli nl' tliis tlaii;:i'r eali lie Iimie leadilv Iniin i\ llie I. iaii;,'es: a !ille nf" t'eliee Hills i.nith mil siditli tllle iVnlll the sliiile n\ el the lllsl i .llinllt I Wii miles tn I lie v\ est w .11 1 1 nt' CaVIl •. ainl llie 1 nek lies t W (lit \ li v e \ al (Is In (h II II' |'rn|n|l;.M linii nt that line, it Is also al linist mi t lie I. nine i r l:l K k I.'nek and tl I In I nt tlie aliiiM' llieiit imied " .llelnillse .it ( '.t\ lleis W liatt'. I'll.lik I! Is the i.ii. inek nt a leef l\ in;.' Inlll luilnlled \;iri|s || oi|l sluHT mi.\liviilie mile West smith tlnlli ( '.IN liens « li:il t. This is dmltilless t le link il|imi ^^ Ijn siini'. Ill |1 lc|iiil ted il t«n miles || ll t he en;|st ih:; stcnnel' I 'nil ^titiili m sllllek . . I h.in tv\( 111 \ l.lllinllis nf u.ili He v\ liele lull A s far as the li\(llii;,'l:i|ili:(' slir\e\ ll.ls lieeli eailled In the v\ est « ;il(l nl t '.i\ in imilliel 11 shiile nf I'lstelns j'. .in\ sunken meks with Imiil ten tn ei;;hteeli feet nf m ihelii li.i\e iieeli Imilld mitside the tlllee f.itl 1 llie Knek. l! IS ad \ Is.llile, tlii'lel'nle. ti in;ii line, lilit linlie sn |.i| limn dinle ;i\e this sli,,|i' a lietlh nf ;il h Js| ihn mile in running; almi;: it. finixtiliiliiu li'i'ih liii.iu. — This d.inji'i li.is Imiii in. liked li\ ;i iiisl iiiixs nin tnmii /i./i,, /| MI..1I. Ill) Imi: II i> rc|.i. SMill! Im'.i: lull,. Mil.- 11' 1- 1 • ll. : ■ 11 _. \Vi>l w .^w ■'lit 1 |r tt' ^\ III. qi!,, Milxtlf l\iiil,s.— .\ ml sjhir liimii Ikis liri'ii jiliirfil III live r,ithinii> iif u:i!iT. (ill'lln' wcsti'in cnil ,i| I II' Mrlrair li'iirks, mi till' t';l.sl siil*' iil' llic nil I'mmi-i'. saii.im; iuim.i iiiiNs. ('(imiiijr tVitiii till' (lirt'ctiim III' I'liiiil Uiiiliuii ilii' lu'st rmirsi' m 1- nnrtli liv west liiilf west V. i'\ W. \ ^^ . I Ir.ix IIi.l; I In' in I ll;i',' liiitl Ulll;^ MiiiIm' li'nrk rl(i>i' In |iiii |, .11 11 1 the liiiic lhl;t linir till' wi>I I'lnl III till' Mrliill l.'iirks III ^1,11 liiiaiil. ('nllilll^' t'liilll llir ilin rlliill ill I'lillit i ',slrl'ii>^, ill'li'l' I'li'MI ill;; till' ( 'iin^liinl jiii' K'nik, >tri'l' lliil'ili- , iM ll. I'.ist t\wi tliiiils (•a>t I M'.. Ii\ !■;. -; I!. I'lir the liliir ll.i;;. until imiiI«m,\ lictui'cn tlii' in I iLia iii,ir..inu Mmi-i' ii'iirk til si.irliii.ii i|. nml liir wliiir ll.i;^ iiiiiiUiiru tl \iii'iiiii\ ot' ilic tmil uniiimi Miiitli lit till' wli.iit til jiDi't, w lii'ii till' wli.iil lii'iiiN iMiitli, iIm'Ii nIi'i'i tor tlii' \\li;iil, A »rt <>r >i;;iiiil> li.iN lii'i'ii ,iHMii;,'i'il, I'm- sti'.illii'is ii|i|irii,irliili;,' Ci.MU'iis, Id iiiilli'iili' uIm'IIii'I- liii\ sli.ill I'i'iiii' 111 ur pii-'N nil. 'i'lii',\ .III' il-' liilliiu s : 111 liiir \' i;i' till M'/ii/i il'iii. jiiiii"! icHiir III ; niilliiii;; I'lir Mill. Illil ''ll;/ Si'llil llii.lt liil I'll' "Hill li.li'»ill:;i IS llliii tlifj. Villi Hill ri'i|iiiri' liiu' 111 iiiiiiiiiii^'.; m niiiii- in uml .m r fur MniiMlf. \\ lii'ii llii' wialliiT i- fii;;>;> I'liur /icf/". — .Siiiir .'IS lilt lla;;. Inn lifllii.--S;\mi' H.s «liili' (I i'^. *'inttiiiiitiif^ nn'iinij. .Mt ii^lit. .\l iii-lit - ,SJH;//i hliir /i;)/i/. -S.iliii' iiH wliili' iIm;;. /.'(it (Mm/ '•/((( It'ilif'i Itiiii'^ li^liM 111 r.iii;;.' :iii(l rninc in. Till' i';l|it;iilis 1 1 Milill;,' til t lii^ lini I -".IN tli.ll 111 uiiitri- stliMl:;' lim t lir;ist wilnl.s tVri|lli'llt l\ liliiU' iMil 111' ( ';i,Mii'ii-^ anil that \s lini tln-v aii' lil'iii'ii null's iiiit>ii|i' iIhn iiii'iiiitiiii' tlii' nm tli wi'sicrs. I'wn .small streams I'littT l.ii.s Ivstcins lias iir.ir ('a\ iiciis. I'ln' Itin dt'l i'..-ti'ii> I'liiiitii',-* almiit niic hiiinlii'il > aii|s In ihi' \Nfst\v.iiil nt llir uli.iil', iml Ihi' (',i\uriis ('rri'U almiil iiiii'thiiil nt' a iiiiii' til till' siiiii 111 Ms] u .iiil. N'l'iihcr liri'.iks I hi iiii^li thr ln'arli i'\i'i'|ii ilmiii;; rii'shi'ls. 'I'lii'lni- nirl IS liicall.V 1. Ilii« •! .Is I he I'.Jl; ( '.l\ urns, ami tlir l.ll Irr .is the I.I t 111' ('a> urns. I'.IMIi'iis is llir jmliail 11 lllir Inr t'.lllni', .mil this is niii' i\\' tlii'nlil stn|i|iinL,' |ilai'i's 111 the railv I'lli'l Iniiiti'ls. I 111' cttii.st liiir htDii \'illil ('»•((/.• /" Silii/il li'iisii f '(((/,■, ti'ii milrs. Is ('nm|ii".i'il nt lillllls IViim l.\iiil\ |iisi\t\ ti'i'i aliiiM' tlir.si'a, «itli saiiil ami imK In. h Ins, li.nkiil li\ a sti'('|i 1 iiimnl' liill.s I'li'iii iIm' hiinilii'il III sc\ I'll liiimliril fci't alin\i' ilir si'a. I'lmii .^r((/^( //"vi/ Ci-uk In Sim SiDinni I'.'iil. si'. ;iilli'S, ihi' rnasl lilii' Is c.imiHisi.il nl Mulls jiniii luilils In lliiil\ Icrf aliiiM' llir Sra. Ullll Mini .It'll lU'lilili'il licailli's, li.li'ki'il ii\ I'nlllli;; lulls. .\ M'ssiI slt.imiiil nli llll.s |inltln|| n\' the I'liast. ih:: 111:: llio siitutini' iiiniitlis VMiiilil imt lia\ i' her 1 1 1'W i'\|insi'i| In aii,\ iJaiiu'tT -"^i' laf a-^ cll'i'i'l iii;^ a liliilai;:. lllltin:; tin' wintcf sliums iVnlil tlu' snllllirasl .iml snlllhuist llir niasl is rximsnl In the ulii'li' I'.K'ilii' ( (ci'an, ami till' In'.ii'ht's ati' M't.\ inii;;li. .\ Nn, iliinnu .1 he. ivy imiiliwi'si surll iti s;niiiii-r till' lifcaki'l-i ail- ii>il;,'li anil ilati;,'i'iniis li.i l.iuiliiii; 111 sin.ill Imais; ihc Im'.h'Iu's art' I'lUii- I i.i-i'i| nt' haul s.iinl .unl idi'k. .11 11 1 a M'ssrl si r. 1 1 11 It'll III a lii'.iv> surll Will ill I ::n in |iii'('i's ill a shntt I'lUrl //(lf/>iiC.— l-'l mil < '.|\ iii-ns In I'ninl li-^Iilns I lir ilislai IS Iiillf .mil rnlll lilllis mill's, t'nl i" ' 'ii;,' llir j^'clictal I'llfs in;: (ll the cimsI. Iltil lliilwn |i|, ins air iml iiitcivi.silih' lirraiisc the slinfi' ■ ist the ('(iiisi'aiitimi Knrk |i|n|rr|s \v,'ll In thr -.1111! Iiw .ilil. I'lir sllfM'N It. is frrrlitly liri'll till- •\ III .Ills liir.llit \ , .11 111 slinws a Hi I'ral lli_' nt' llir Inrk \ I'n.isl m Mir lilsl tun mi Irs rast i\ aiil nf i lislrtos, \\ lu'fr N'illa ( 'frrk I'lltrls at thr wrsliiii iinl nl' .1 i|itai trf lllilr sttcti'h nl' rlratl ' 'Mikcil |i\ s;mi| (liiiirs, 'This is till' nlil\ sailil lir.li ll liiiUnli I'njlll I '.si r I OS atlil < 'a Vlli'ns. Ill 1 1.11 ll If is iiiisti.imi'il, Ini ll IS ,1 \ i'|\ si i- 111 I mini l.ll mil III 1 hr im k\ rn 1 si hrlwrni \'illa . itnl I'niiil I'.stnns. It lirs jitsl liaM I milr tinftlirasl liy r.isi Nl'.. li\ I'. 1 tfniu thr rmiit. ' 1 litis I'.iriii^r Ihc rnVr afr sixtV li'i't ;:l'ii\. tlif sra ami air rut lis lun i!i'r|i arioyns. Tim '■' ll nf th \r lirlurrli thr r.ist .lliil .M'sl iMl's Is ;i I mil I Iniir lilllulrril \ .1 Ills. aU' I I lir ilr|il ll ' ' uiuliril \, tills; Iml Ihrsr mr.isiitcs af U ' ,i Inl li> paU'lirs nf inrks wliirli sllrtrli nut livr \ aiils IriMii 111 istt'iii rlili ami ti'' \ \ ,ri|s finm thr wrstci ii. Tlinr is tin liracli r\ri'|>t ■■ ' I \ liaffnw stl .|i at ln\s « itrr. rilrlr ■•.{<■ t w n rlilsln s nf inrl.s nil I his lirarli ; nlir ill I lie 111 ill '' "I lilt' .slioir lirl urni llir I \vn ai rn\ n- , .nil' I hr nl lirf niV I hr u rslriu an n\ n. Alniii; Ihr \\rs| I Ai ■I It^i! ;!ii ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) IX) LL 1.25 ■so ^^^ 1)0 140 1.4 1 2.0 III 1.6 V] A .^^ y Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 HEST MAIN STREET fVfdSTER, N.Y. MSM (716) 872-4503 .*^ «v ^\ > m 120 i'.\tii-ic iMAsr iMi.i'T. ('Ill .--liiiic fell loin liiiii(ln ai'il-i ;irt' iii.iii.\ sin, ill. \ i>il)l«' incUs. aii liorr at ilif imltr cinl. /;,i,i,;, ,._.\ silliKcli nitK lie- jilsl oMisiilc Ilic wi'slrin Mile "!' llii' «'lil laiirr, one liiiliiin'il lit'lN \ariN tiniii Ilu' >li()rf. Il lii'> ^onlli two (l(j;ircs va.sl (S. SL' l..il'i(tin llic jn-l (loin iiiiiiilifd ami iliiitv 'oui Irct ilc\ at ion) iii>i alncast ol" il. I'ron: tin- castcni |miiil of the il lie- soiitlmcsl ^SW. , il'.siaiil llircf iiiiiiilrnl ami lliiilv >aiils. I'liiscoM' i^ it|ioilril to lie a lair slii'licr I'or small xcssrls, lint licit III for larj;(' sclmo Tlic sicaini'is rc|iort a wliolcsoiiic iImmiI oI Ilic |il ici-, Amliora;;!' is liail one ci^litli of a m. slioic in llircf anil a lialf latlionis of watt r. Tli. ic is niiicli Krlp oiV tins cum-. I'liiiit l!stiiiis.' — Tins j^ till' liisi licaillaiKl nortliwfsi iVoni Point riiii'linii. I'loni winch it I . , - iiortliwcst hall uist (NW. \ W . ami is ilislani roiiiircii iiiili'^. it is a imMlrratrlv lii;;li ilivr li n «!if(l ami lirici'ii W'fW llal topi'i'il hill |ioiiit. with loiiiiilin^ tiont ciill^ lilU to iniuls I'l'd ilc\ .ii; m. wit hi lilt tal'li' land at the siawaid lace. \\ hen seen lioiii the west ward, the Moi ro is snn slai ' i - liiiU' iiiilt'> liiitlii 1 to ihv ca^l «ard a> a ha\ siacK loik, with lii-li. ja;:.L:id nioiiiitaiiis in tin ;;r()iiml. sliowni;; lictwrrli llii' Mono and llic Jionit. \\ lien sti'ii lliilii thf soilllioasl, it iMilil.v >'. > tiii;;iii^lii'd liv I 111' (■lii1> iindtr il, liccaiisi' the ad; ircnt ;;r is^\ hills arc o!' the same he i;; lit : In ;. .; it aic seen l.'ocU\ i'linte.im) I'mic Moiniiam ol ihe Santa laicia i'an;;e, and laitlnr to the n.r wi'st the liiuh slniiilclei ol (ape San Maitin and the low |ioinls towards I'iedias I'daneas. V i , alireasl of I'oint I'.steros. mi a eonise to the miithweslwaid, it eaii mil lie dl>tili;.;inslied e\ee|' the eoiiiiuali'd a|i|Mai aiiee ot' tliewesic'in slope aii-iiiu Iroiii transverse tTosioiis on the sea ! fai'e. lint all eo\eied \Mth ;:i iss. 1| ihi' weather Is siiioUn ill" Iioilit will then I'onie out in >. Ill reliei'. When appioai'heil Iroiii llie soiiihwardil eaii not lie dist iiijjiiisheil in inodeialelv sn .(,' weather, and the points to Ihe miiih west »v,iid are all low and imlis|in;;iiisliaMt' at .six mile-, the shore, ('oiiiiii;.' t'roin the mirihwi'st w.inl it show^as a hum t.ilile land alioiil live Innidii' lii^li, ami under eeit.nii r mdiMiiiis oi li^lit llie eorni.Mtioiis nieiitioiieil aliovt* are\ei,\ iii.i < i)u till' lioi ill >ide ol the see ilid I'oi i II,' iteil rid;.'e. reckon in;; Il nil the point, there is ij'lite a >li.ii;. valley. When the point is seen rioill the castMiiilhe.ist. eomin;; out of Cavileos, it shows, I- lu, lll^'li. wcslcin tc: iiiiiialioii of the eo.i^i hilN, wiih a \'i.\ steep slope to the Water, and the ^li. !■ roeUs al'icast of ilie ( 'iPiisianiiiie KocI, ne.iil\ ni line w itli ii. There are no trees upon t In fill' sevcl.ll miles to the north w ,ild. When loiniihiiu I'i'iii! r'.-teio> in I'omini: t'loni tin- iionhw esiwaid on a dear iiioiinn;.'. '•• • Nliniise. Ihe I'llllitrv lo the northeast wanl. foninil;: the liisI rid;^e of lulls to the lloltliW.n .' Ksteros I'.av, |)ieseii!s .111 exliioidinaiy lollin;: .ippearame : tail when lln> iid;;e is .seen liioi.l.! from the soiithw.llil ll looks like a ■.eiics ol ;;l,|ss\ hilU m allied li\ ;;illehes. ■fllcle |> ,|eep w.llel tlose iiildel ronil INlelos, ,i|id \es>cN I on nd It t'lo.se altoaiil, allli .11 some of Ihe steam ship captains think there .iie (|,iii-ci> .noimil it. No \ i>ihh' rocks c\i. ml ■ > i tliirtv >aii|siroiii it. Inn kelp siieielics out an esiinialed distance of tliret' ipiarters of a nnic .ill aloll;; the sonlliwcsl side of Ihe I'ollll L.slcros rii|;:e. The li\d|o-iaph;» has Hot vet liecli lili:-!ii.l on tills sei-l mil of 111,' eoast. 'file ::eo;,'i,i|,|iii ll position ol the e\treiint\ of I'ollll iisieios, as deleriiiiiied li.v the I . S. i i- Itnd (icodelic .Sii|\e_\ , is: '•■"i""''- X, '.'T ;iii i.oiiii '•"'ii;""'l' lv;i. ;,;• ;,;; »,,i From Point Ksteros we have the follow in;; ln'ariii;;s ami distances to piotniiieiit points: r..iiii .\i-ii,.ii„ s ;i;tj i;. ,ii>iani ..-, i «. ''"''''"'"'"'" .^. I'.i i;. iii»i,,i,i !•.'» Moi.s, r:..li.-.s lllimi-as I,i«l.l-li..ili..' N i,:ij W .|iM:iiil :il i imh'x. BAY OK SAN SIMKON AND Al'PROACHES. From Point Ivslelos to the '.Vestcni ponil ol ihe ;lllcl|or.l;,'e ol San SlIlleiHI the coast runs lie,l|l\ ""'"'«''' thwrst 1,\ uesl ,NW. lis W.i foi .1 .|ist:inc. ol lilleeli miles. .im| thel." Is no lllilel.: ■"-V- to alfiiid anchiira;;.' eMrpi .it Ihe eMreiiie northern p;irt. The shore- are not .so iMild as llo .,-; farther to the noiihu.ud oi lo the soinlMv ml, ;iml the i ni.nns i.dl well luck, from li\c lo .1: miles, h-avili- a line lollinu'coinillA ofno-iiMl elev.ilioii ,,nd Well suited to aKrjeult lire. •rail,., I j'liMa.li' l,,s |;,|,.|,,s,,„ nir i.lil S|,;,misIi , hails II HaKiiaiii,.! I'liiilii ilcl IMi on Uiiailia . . a.iil (\iiiiC(mvi.'r VmI. II, [1. m,.) } rvfSi-v "»- ^m^-'v I > ■?( ;^,V3Wf??' -.1 I ,:.«(•, I 'f .i: 'Vv. -<»►*• W«rt»' ■"».*-• ' ^TVUffYt . -<»►*• w«rt»' -. \ -^ X, ^.. '»'^ vVf.ViW^"^*' •^t,j%,k^hxds^ I'oiiil K^lirciH, ;ilf) f('«t, K. 4 s . \\ MiiU'ii E.I ;^tjw?C'-?f,*!Hli»««»^isr^*^ --^idfC-.^ »jrf \'i'i\ liM/» sM'iitliir. /\rtf\ X f) tl-«t. B?CJ^^- '■^r s:^^ Kl M(irn). 'xTi fct't, K. hy s. i s.. i;tiiillBi 'wmcrm^^^^^^^v*. Wf Ridge. r>l& f«*>i, I'oillt KxtlTiir.. Kiist I (' Ml ilex >-^ mill r. I'liiiii K.9tcr».«, 515 foot, i;.SK. ir. iiiili'H. iU ■i (ij*4' i.u, "i; J « -I' I'j.iii 1 1 M If -I— ii» I 'T *■ .17' iTSrSSa-^' I'lpiiil 111. past iif Coiiiitaiitini Hmk.W iiiilfH. I'oillt KntiTiis, \V. i ', »l 1.'' Tilt" iiiliijc (1 .1.1" s ti) llic riitri I • iiiinit siiijjh ' I i(li.'i- aliiiiil I <>\iT this III m.irUi'il lam ,1 Mil Idwcr. Nil liiiltlfii il III)' ImmcIi. iliDiit lliii't . .1 i iiljio ix lowc 1! Iidiili'iiii;; I - ■:■ :ii;' UMil tiV.iS I'iro li'iiik \> II. .:•. I'.H twciitv II I :iii(l one lia I. ■ I'ici) \lnvk I i..'li' .iroiiiiil it. I -'ml froii) it III 'irl .list |SK. \ I " ' ' ihliiifil 1)11 I III ('iiinhriii ' . iiKill, aiitl s ~ ' " i-st cimI 111 ■ 1" \V.). (iJMtl 1 .111' sixt«Tllt ; > !lf This rcpnrfo •M M;,'llf Ihf Si ^' . I I I Ilea k tiiilr i^I ill' vt-rv sliii I .ijstiii;.' HtiM ^1 i:.) iVmii tl ' il -. |i,i.sscs a li ' '! i;!)'!' i|iiaitt'i - 1 ' \ iVt'i liiy:li, > \u iiiic ami a li 'm1: .jr^'ii't's cast " ■ .lr;:r('rs \V( I ' lUiiilinirs I I ' ii'Uri l,'\ l.oilli 'li' '• iii'ic v^ as a 'Ml 1. I. 'I'llf \\ ^ rlii !i l\ CXpllSl' -.ih!: .1 tillU'. U'jiriinrhiHt] ^1!" !i tin- I'lills ' III' ■ I trn's. T( 'i''l I'.uli't! .Iiiaii, II "ill :iiiU>8 Siilltlu' mil iiiiiiit half a «l.':i;l;iT. "^ ■( Simion I lull.- „,rth thii't.^ I f' I'ACinc (OAST \>\\A)\ 121 Till' riiiiRf of fn'clcss liills Citiiiiiii;.' lln' I'ttiiii Ivstcios riil^'c, imrnllcl willi tlu' ihuHiwcnI sIkho, «|<<|M'S Id llic iiiii'tliwi'Nt anil Im'^mis Id he wiMiilnl alxnit live anil a hall' mi Irs to (lie iioi thw ,iii|, Willi a |.i'> iiiiifiit HiiiKlc tMM' on llii' riil;.'<- to llic mhhIi oI iIii- wooiIi'iI |iarl. Tlu'ii' is a iiolirralilc sa^ in iIk iiiI;;i- altoiil oni- ami a iiall' niilt'H iiniiliwi .st ol rmnl l''.H|i-n>M, witli a sli^'hi nirvr in llii- sliiiif. 0\i-i this low lint- ol roast lulls tlif hi;;li ixaks of Korky liiilli- anil I'ini- .Miinntain siaiiil out jm \M I iiiarkril laniH.ills. Tlit-re art' tlino pinf covi-ii'ii |ti'aks to tiii- noi'thvv«>Htvvaiil of i'iiu' Mount- illll lull loWl'I'. No liiilili'ii ilaii;c<'is art' known alon;; thisshoii' iini', ami thi' li'ii fathoin cm vi- is li-ss than a iiiilo I' Iht' Iti'arh. Alxiiil six ami Ihrrc i|iiait)'i's niili's northwi-st wai'il from I'oiiil ilstfios thi-r*' is a nil I., alioiit thirty fft't lii;;h, a|>|i,uriill,N onr ipiai ti r ol a milr otV slioii-, jti'liiiiil llii. rork Iht* nrai'- t.oi iiili;i' in liiwi-r tiiaii to Ihr soiilliwarii, ami it is wrll wooili-il, Thi-tr is a low ini' ol ti'ihlish rlilN lioiili'iiii;; thr l)rai'li, anil mans honsfs aii' sri-ii on tin- lowi-r lamls. 'I'hi' laiiil is ^I'litly »l..|i iil;- a'lil ;;rassy, anil llir tii'rs l)i';,'in at alioiit sixty or i'i^;lity (i-ct I'Irvatioii. /'no liorl,- is tw-'lvr frrt aliovi' lii;:li water, iiraily half a iiiilr olf slioir, anil Iwais south sixty . i, Jill's twi'iity miniiti's i-asl |S. til) 'JO' I',.) frotn thr soiithwi'st cml of San Sinn'on Wliarl. ilislant, liiiii Mini oiii' li.ilf mill's; om'i-i;;liili of a mill' soiilhi'ast by ca-'l oni' half rast (Sll. liy I'',. .] i;,) ii.iMi I'iro IkOi'k llii'i'i' is a /ii('i7i (>/' nx'/i'M Nhowin;; aliovi> lii<;li watiT aiiil awash, with a pati'li of kil|i Miiiiinil it. North wi'st liy wi'st tlirt'i- i'i;;lillis west (WV. Iiy W. ; W.) iVoiii I'iro Kock, ami i| >;.iiii frmi! it onr foMi III of a niih', arr .«if/i/>Mi /'i'i7,'\ thai liirak in lii'avv k\i'ailii'i'. Soiilhi'ast oiii'- li;ill rast (SI''.. \ K.) oni' half mili' oil' shori' ami ilislant from rii-o llork lliri'i' fourths of a iiiilf in ,1 iri 'I lirjini'd Inriikcr. Till Citiiihriii liiiik. — l>i'twrrn I'i^'ht ami iiiiii' mill's from Point I'.sti'ros is thr Citmhvio /I'oc/.-, \i'\\. '•mall, ami sliai|i; it is ten Ifi't aliovi' lii-^h wati'r ami 1 s half a mill' troni short'. I'loiii tht> MMiiliuisl t'liil cif lilt' San Simt'on wharf it Itt'ars south lhirl\ Iim' tlt';rrt't's forty mliiiiirs wrst (S. v: |o \V.), ilistant li\i' ami out' foiiith iiiilis. To tin- .soiithwanl and t'astwaitl of tlii.s rock, ilis- i.iKi >iiii' sixteenth of a mile, is a small lircaker. Tin; ViiN IIKI.M liiHK, .'^ANTA linSA i l!K.i;K. riiis rcporteil tlanuer lies liroatl olV the shore .ilioiil a mile ami a half soiitlieaslwaTil oftliA • ■III km;,' of the .Santa Itos.i ( 'reek. I >iiriiij; the last i wfiily years one of the coasting ca] it a ins ha.s Mill II lireak only twice ami thin in calm weather with a vers lai;;i' wi'sleily swell, so that the rock iiiiisi 111' very .sliar|i or have three or lour falhoiiis of water over it. It was -.eeii in .laniiary. ISSS. I III' 1 11 isljn;.' .sleaiiiers riiniiin;,' soiithwanl fioiii .San Simeon steer a ioiiim' smilli lili \ ile^rees east >1' v..) I'mm the wharf ,iml pass the C.imliria Kock half a mile ilislant mi tlic |iiiii hainl. This I'Miivi iMsses a little moie lliaii one mile iiisiile the leporteil ilaii;:i'r. wliieli is esliinaleil to lie one I'lil I hire ipiarter.s mili s nlf the shore w here the trees a)ipareiitly coiiieilnw n liuse to I he clilf, w liich IS iiii I \ I'l'i'i hi;;h. This a|ipio\iinate position of the ilaii;;er places it two ami one thinl miles south > \i V "III' anil a half ileyrces cast (S. l!IA^ !•;.) from Cainhria lloek ; se\eii miles south forty ami one- llii: 'liuiecs east (S. I(>\ V. > t'rom San .Sim,*iii! w liarf ami st'\ fii ami t wo lliinls miles norlli seven- \\ .. , i|i';;rees wt'st (N. 71 NV.) from I'oiiit Msteros. I iiiiiiiin-trs /,(()i»/i«.i/.— l''i\t' miles east of Umi Simeon wharf there is a small cove known as /■ wW.'.v l,tiiiiliii the sea. This himlini; " I ii: 1 1\ exposeil to the ocean, anil can only lie u.seil tlnrint; exceptionally smooth weather in the I lime. I ■iniiiifliliiii Sun Siiinon .{iiilioniiif. — I'.etweeii l,elliii;;weirs lanilin;;aml the anclioraf:e of San ^ • 1 till' clilfs are low, w ilh some rocks close iintler them ; anil the nearer hills are a^raiti ilesti- irecs. To the northwest of San Simoon Creek, about one ami a half miles, is the .Vrroyo I tire .liiaii, ami theiiee lialfwav to San Si lamlin;; the I'ico ('reek. .Miont one ami a lies snntheasl (.Sl'l.) from .San Simeon anclioraj;e there is a clump of trees near the shore "III half a mile in extent. They foiiii a mark in approaching fioin the soiithwanl in thick I . :i Siitiinii /'(iih/. forming; the southwestern point of the bay ol the same name, lies sixty nine ■nil thirty-nine tlegiees west (N. .'tit \\ .) fnnii Point .\rf,'uelU)aiiil .seventy three miles from yr li m : ( '• » 1i>-2 I'VClric (■(i.\rk.v .■lilV...nl\ Iwi'iilv I'.-.-t 1ii;.'li wu\ two liiiinlri'il ;iii !«.. f.rt"rl.\iinoii m li;U :i imiIc. « Ihmi III.- hm.l lill^ hIi-IiIIv iliHJilf. Tills liJlli.rU > |„,IM.llv na.'lril vMlll liil^hr- lull 1- n"« nll li.llf HIhI |.l..|>ullr.| <.\ n. i'lir l'..ilit i- lliaiK.'.l I ,|ii>l.'i .>r li.mv.H ihr.r liiiiiilifil .\;iiiU rnuii il-. .miciiiiIn :iii«l "m Hit- jniiti si.|... Oi i i ,, tlicM' liiMlMh iliv \«llll«\V;l>lir.| .IIkI : •.lli>|ilcll..M- vnIh'II ;||.|M..,|(Iiiii;: tlir |Miiiit li tlirii..i wcMwai'l. I'lil lioiii ll iiiiiw.iril lln> 'I" iii'i *li"" Ml wril. .mil llir l.ii;:i' waiclio ami i liiiililiiiu--* 'It':"' III'' 11''" "li^iil. •I'nl i'i"i'' |iiiMMiilail.v a lar;:i' wliilf Imim mi tin- hlnpi' nltli. alMiiil a null' (Mill 111'' li.i>. .11'' III"' Mi.isi .•iiii^i'Miiiiiw laiulni.iik-. wIh'II a|i|i|-iiarliiii- fViiiii i (Inci lion. Oiir mil'' «r>t «'•' l'"' I""!'' ''i' ''I"" '* fiwi'''! ''^ ■'••'i'' 'Imif* i'Slriil I ai.il lor,ii> a i..,iiUira(l alliinlm;; a ItiliiaM* yuml >lifllci t'liiiii llir iKUtli' ■ wiiuU, i.iil M|iiartl,\ ii|n.|i til ilic .siiiiili. Ill -iiiiilii'.isi wi'ailiii' it tliM'.* iioi yi\i. ilir li'a>l lunti i ; liiilil tlir lira\.\ >Wi.|U..mil .1 \i>>tl iriil-I lull In x'.i w lirll llli'\ niliir ll|i. Its cvtrlll j<< IWn i Ill I III, II I ill. i'a.'. Till- ImIIn .iinl .-Ihim'n aii' cumti'iI w nil ;;r.i>>, r\ri'|il til I III' \M'.-'l«.iril . w linr ml w i titT'i I'livi'i' .•.oiiii' (it I III' lull li>|i«. anil .iii- tniiiiil in .ill I In' ai i'ii>i>>. Till' jiiiiiiiiiiiil liiiiiliiiiii I.s Im llji> |iaii III ill" ru.i^i aii' llii' 'iiiniiil.iin |ii iiU«i nf l\i)il.ii I: tlllll.N lour llllliillril .mil liill.\ Imil Iri'l. .mil I'nn MoinilUDi. .\\iii\\\ llilltv riylil liilinlli'il Irrl i li \ , tiiili. .\> -I'l'ii 1 1 mil M'iiwanl, I In' Im imi w .i I u nail. iii.i^>>im' iiinillil.iili i i.mii;: ,iImi\ c iIji- ailj.n i i' laii^i-. vMlli ,1 lniii|ri.ilrl> ll.il lii|i. .mil iii.ii krd w il li |iiin'.s iiii I lir ;;rnl U >lii|im;; rirvt Inn- tnw i:.:- tl nil. I III I lii'ii' ami ha Mil;; a >li,ir|> tall tnw.inU tlir mhiiIi. Ii is hi lalilinli' .t.'i .!'.) I'.) ' iim, \,, liiiiuiimli' l.'l M/i' .iT «r>l, aiiil i> MsiMi' msI.n i'i;;1iI mil' > Irmii srawaiil. W'lirii I'nini -- ; .'siiiii'oi. Iii'ai- I i^t. I Ills nil Hint. lill slmw s iliii'itlv hm i ilir >.iliil\ >iili' ol tin' lull nii ! Iir iim tli ■ ••.. i.r I 111' 1 11 lint. I'liii' ^lllmll.llll. .>j\ inili'.i n irtliwr.i ; \\\ . ol I;imI,\ r.iitii. i> a lai;:r. i mi in I |.. . iiiiiuiit.iin vMlli .snininii ainl ll.iiil\s cumii'iI \miIi piiir |iiii>i. Ii i^ iii l,ililiii|i> .'(.'i 11 III n. loliyitllili' 1-1 ll"i I."' "rsLailil IS Vls|li|(. .srM'litV tWii li|jl|..s I'liilll .srawaiil. I 'null ilii'siiiiiliwi'>|i'i n ('Xiri'inils i>l rniiil .*san ."siiiii'nn tin' iimi'i nr lia\ MiilV slniii. rmiv n wi'st (N W.I I'm iii'ail\ hall a iiiili' ami thi'in-i' iiiim's >hiiiil.\ In tin' miitli ai'il iiiiiml In tin ■ This sliiiM' is ni.llUrll liv Ivvn slmit salnl lirarlir^. Thi' lilsl is at tlli' liinlllli iil' a sli all ai Ill II III h;ilt' last N. \ v.. t«ii thirds nf a niili' I'mni rmnt ."^.m Sii ni. ami tlir iiIIiit imitli il I Ul. ij.Liiri'^ I'.i-I N.^!. I!. 'hiiT i|iiaitrl« 111 a liiilr IViini t In. |inmi. 'I'wnnr tlmi' irnks In • >. illiiii'l' till' I II II lit. I'li; tlnlni' In till' mnlliu.il I ami rastw aiil Ilir slmli' :> ilr.ll III till' II I null! I iv' till' lilsl siiml lii'aih. uhriii'i' tin' lin\ Mull shnii. is ln'iiliii'il li\ iiiiiiiniiialili- mhKs innl p.iti I i lii'l|i. Till' ^IfiiiiiTs ilii lint a|i|irn.iili ll u II hill nin' m nin' ami a half mi Irs. T| M Im.it l.ii- was at Ihi' nnithwi'sii rimiiisi paii nf tlir li.is v\ Inii' tlm slmn. tin lis .>liai |il\ tn | lir mn I lii'.isi. iinl Wlllli' tin- s;i|l(l lii'ai'h. |.\|inscil ;i| \„\y wall r. iliiU. Thi'li' «|'||.|VM. uli.llM'S lllnli'l till' lillllV linlllirast larr of llir pniiil. Thi' fli'i-lll wharf. " » 'i sti'aimls lalnhil. uas lliii'i' hmnlinl vaiiN iiisn||. il \tiiiiiil\ nl tlir |M.iiit. ami ihi'wl i -. "ll.lll. liillll fni till. ai'rni!ilMiii|al|i»i i.l tin' Wlialinj: rnlii|ian> Im-ati'il illl I'nillt ."sail Sinii'ini, I.mii Immli.'il \aii|s. (ifllnsi. niil\ tin- l.itti'i ri'inain ( |.ss.!i. A liiii- iii.\v wharf lias Imtii Inr!' .m llnlii Ihrliiw liliilf a'liiiii ihi(|. liiimlinl \aiiU In ihi' wrstwaiil nf tlii' liist .sailil Inai li. ilil 'i s.'awai.l ami |.ar.ir..| wilh Hii' l.in. nf ijn' iini i1hm.>i hliill. ll isHnii' hiimlii'il ami lliiil> ■ m yaiiN Inn;;, with ,i Inn;;, l,i..ai| I'liil.aml rcnhi'sa ili'|itli nl siMi'i'ii li'il at Inw watiT, so tli.it \' -- - I'aii lii.iliiirt|\ at it ill siiinnth wi.;iilii.|. M.inimirhmiy- lii. nlV In,- Iinl ami al.ri'aM fm m-. - " ' '" '" "I'liiian .W..1I. 1„ hi-av\ si,iiHn...st wciihri Ihr s|,..,iiii.|s i|n m.i alt.'iii|il ,i I '111 'I i-.i iailwa\ ii.ii'U finiii IhiTMiiMiiitv 1)1 tin. wliail In thi' tiiii'. l.ir-i' waii'lii.iis.. at tin -n '■ml. .\ sl.,11., |„,|i|.,,|,.l vaiinlisntln.r liliili|m-> ha\i' n.-i'lilK IhtIi ..ir.-ti'il tn till. Ihw.ipi.iliil I'aslwar.l nf Ihi- w half. , mil tli..\ .ln,« ,nns|.n.|inii ,|\ Ii llm smiilivNai I in rliar -a. al lirr. I i..m thi' iniUsnn thi. ,.M|.,.||,j|y „f |'„,i,t .S;„i .^,n ,, tl iti'i rinl nf this new w half lirais ,-\.h\1^ iinnli. iliNi.uit scvi'ii hiimlriMl vanls. lh,.h-o,,..i,,l,,, „t s,l„ S.m,.,„ l!„,,.- .\|i|.r hil,;; tin' lia-, llnm till' .si.llt ll Waiil till- il.|.;l. 1.1 wai.'iis.M.n,l.iln'ii'l„.i„, tl,,.... f iihiinis fin,,, th,|.,. hnmlnil tn f„„,' 1, Iml ami liftx \.,...-..ll ""• '"••'-■I'' "I'll l^'lp -'• •ii.|,,llv li,iii,M ,|„. I,,..;,.,, ,„ ,|,.„ ,|,.|„,, |,„„„.,i|;„,.|v „|, |.„i,„ Sail Sniir 'I ' 11 I'f nl ,1 iiiih Ihii'Ii of III.) : \t I'Ai irn' ni\si I'li.ui'. 123 III. ilii't't' ratlioii' I 'ii'\<' rMt'iiiN Hill imi innri' lliitii Iwii liiitiilnil iiml til'l.v viinls in :i tliirU patrli III k)>l|i. llroiHl III) llii' tliDii-, Hiiiitli 1)1' I'liiiil Sun Sinifun, ilic ilr|itli> nt- ah IiiIIhum: lil liilliiiiiin. iiMr liiir. uriiv wiml iiml lirokrii NlirlU, at I iiiilr. '.':l l.llllolll'-, "Ml KDI II lllllll, at '.' Illlll'l). Xt I'lilliiiiiia, iiM I ^ii'i'ii lllllll, al it iiiilrN. .'>•! IiiIIhiiii", iim I i;iri'ii iiiiiil, al I iiiiIi'h. \liin;; llii' I'JiHli'i'n sjih'tif Sin Sinintn Ita.x llii- .sjimr is Imrdiri'il liy mrks.as ln-fdn' iloiTilx-il, ,llir l\i l|> lir-4 Mllilri Mils siiiili- lie! wi-t'li iilif .tin! si\ l.iljiitills iif » alrl'. illsitlif III li' Ion;;, t'lniii Sji.i^ Ii'imK Imir li inn I in I ami IIIIn \aiils imsI hI' iIic w jiai I'i In Ihr mhiiIivn.ihI, ainl .iMiiU*'^ iirailN tlinr IiiiihIii'iI xanis in \s:iltli. TIm- liav itsrll' lias i|iij|i' a 111111111111 liitltiiiii, i.HUiii^ I'l'iiin Mix ralliiiiiis ti)si\tffn I'l'i't iit llif wliail', uilliitiil an.v Known liiiliji'ii ilaii;:)'iN. Ilui r|ii-i- iiniirr anil iiroiinil I'oinI San Siiuriin, witliin t wn liiiniliril ami lil'tv sanIs, i^ I'mil liolloiii wiili liiL'i's liaviii;; twi'hf. siNli'i'ii, ami t'i;;iili'<'!i I'l-i't waliT ii|miii tliriii ami .slra;:;.'lin;; l.rll) aionml aiul nllt^lill' of tlll'tll. Tin' ri'«'(' oil' llii' |ioiiil fxtcmis soiitlicast watillv in lliick Uilp I'oi tlinr liiimlrol ami scxfiil.v live \ariiM III six tallioiiis III' wali'i : ami Iwo Inimlii'i! and lll'lv \aiils riittlii'r to thr soiitlirast llii'it' III' 'lii'fi' sniall ilrlai'ln'il jiali'lirs n)' l.i'lp in srM'ii ami a lialf fallioiiis hm 1 haul lioltnin. It is said lliat tlir lirst aiicliora;:!' is almiit two liiimlird ,iiid lil'lv vaids i-ast of Wlialfi's or Cliil.'s wharf in tliiir ami a i|iiartrr fatlioiiis. wlini' llim- is ;;i)i'd in- I'loin tin' mirlliwist winds. ir I M'ssi'l 111' i'oiii|ii'IIi'd to aiii'lior ill tin- hay in winlrr this positiin < jiiolialilv tlii' l»rsl, as tlir juiiiil and ici'f soiiii'w hat Inrak thr soiilhwrst swi'll. I'.M'ii III sninini'r \\\\\\ llii' usual iiorthwi-st winds a smithwi'sii'rly s\m II mils in. SAII INC. lUlfKrTKtN.s. \'i'ssi'ls I'oinin;; •'rom Ihi- noithwi'st ward ina> run 'Mildlv round I'c iit San Simeon, w ithin a li'» liiimlii'd \.ii<.' I tlirslior>' ontsldi' ilii> lim* of Ui'lp in ri);ht or niin- fathoms, roiiml np to iiuiili, and anchor .in\ w hi'i'c olV till' sand iM'acli III livr fathoins, h ud l>ottoiii, and :'. littlr o\ rr ii ijiiiilir oi a iiiilr from shori'. In lliirk or to^^y vtcatlirr m'ssiIs wi>ii,in:r up from the sonthwaril iiiii-.t iiiaKc short larks clnsi' in sliorr or llii'y will as>nr(illy miss it. 'rhr> ran work close niider ijii'liiid to the eiUe of the kelp, which m'lierally lines the slnue In the thri'e fathuin line. The iliinip of lii'is, alre.nlN nnnl loiied, alioiit one and a half mii"s soiitlieast nf the aiicliora;.'e, is a :ihhI landmark: and. comiii'.,' from the northwest ward, the I'ledras lilaiicas are Mire marks fm lii.ii,'!!^ the aiicliiira;;e. I 111' secomlaiN a>tioMoinlcal station of the ( "oast and (ieodi'tic Siiim'\ was on t he rise |iisl olV •I r ''i.iih near the shore end o|' the present new wharf, and lieariiiir north ;i\ e de;.'rees w est i N. "' ^\ Horn the e\tieiiii!\ of the pollil. Iiiit the locility has heeli si> thoroiiylilx cli allied tiiat till! ." ..1 iplilcil pioitiiin of tlie siiniinit of the hill o\er the piiuit is ^.'iveii instead, as fiilluws: l.alltllilr . I ."ii^it rnii' III. in I Hill' I'.'l II I'.' .1 «i-,l. s' HI" 1: .:!. I'll coiiipnted inaLriietie variation from .Faniiary, ISS.";, was |."i '.!(!' easl, with a yearly increase I I iilis. — The times iiinl heights of tju^ tides are \ery irrejiiilar, Init may lie taken I'roin the printed t il'les nf the Coast and (i letic .Survey as ten or tilteen ininiite.s later than those of San >|io. The Correcteil l''.stalilishment, or mean interval lietwfcii the time of the moon's -' iiid liiiieof hi;,'h water is I \''. IS". The mean rise and fall of the tides is fniii- feet ; ofspriiii,' ve and sis tenths feet ; and of nea|i tides two and three tenth I'll e mean 1 liiral ion of ■ ! ij IS II'', II'"; III the elili li'', I I'". The rise of the lii;rliest title oliseiNcd in .It He and .lill\, ■■■"I, Aas seven feet aliove the plane of rct'creiice, and Ihe lowest was two and Iwotcntlis feel II'' "«. Ill us ^;u in;; an extreme raiiue of nine and t wn tenths feet. I; was in this liay that the lar;;e steamship I'lmnrr put in leaking badly in is.-rj. and after '■>>':. 'liixeii ashore and ali.imloned was ;;ot oil' and earried to San l''rancisi'o. \ livdio^rpuphj,. sketch of it w.is llrst piihlislied liy the Toasi Siirve.\ in IS."('_'. Siir\eys wero Mill' ill |S7'_'. and a liydro;.'rapliic exaiiiinalion was eompleled in (sSI. \^\tiniiili'ri)iii Point Sun .S'/k/cidi the shore is low liliilV, liordeicd with rocks, and forms the 'l^'>' "I a Kciilly .sloping; plateau .streti'liin^' fioiii the I'oothill.s. ll m in m I ^1 m 'j'V 'iW I >; !) I i ^• i^ I I i : ^1 k Sp^ ^l^^^^^i^jwffwWp^ W 1-21 I'AciFir ciiAsr rii.iiT \l.,.nt (..,.■ .in,l iw,. iliinN mil.'s wMv^.inl Inm, tlir Toint lli.'.v is a l.r.'ak in tlio l.liilV :il i- . „„„ii ■;,s,„;,llsiiv,iiiM.|H'iiiM-iil.iva,st..r(\isln.-sl.,.iis,.nh.li>n..vv.i as* -astro Crn'k. Tli.. Ikm, „ l„.,v is,|iiii.' iMimil al li.w wal.T. Imi i.io.lii.v was ..(casioiially sliipi..'.! tioni li.-r.' l.cl..iv |Im> ImiiM ill" nt 111'' «liaivrs in San Sinicon i'.a>. When I'oiiil San Smifon l.cas cast, tin mi.I a lialt' inilfs distant, tlif laifio Castro lions) tin'liliilVi<.Iiiv.-tlv iMMJ.Tilir lii-li. linilHMvd sni'iniit of I'lnr Monnlain; ani;As iii.\mas.» Tliisr wvll Known roils and lan.lni.uks iu' four .mil tliivo .juarttTs miles norlli. »'i}:lily |. i; (Ic-iv.'s ui'-l (N..SI W.: from Point S.in Simoon. riii'\ ari" two lar;:i'. wliilo. siiarp lopinil im l,s i-|osc to the li»\v. rocky shore of Point ric'; i- 111. nil. I-. ami notliin- else lii>e lln'fn is Ion ml on I hi- pari o| Ihecoasi. 'I'lie eastern uneisailon . roik. ei;.dit\ iwo leil hi -h. one humlreil ami sevenly y.inls loiu northwest anil southeast, ami i • >i\ liumlieil ami iwiiity .\arils Irom the shore live >i\;lis oi a inde east liy .south ( K. liy S. i • I'liiiias r.l.imas l,i;,'iit honse. It lies, liieieloiv. nmler lheea>tern shore. It has from four .1 1 hall to six I'allioins of w.iler a roll ml lis iiortl;, ea-i. and >onlh sides ; with foul liottoiu streleliiii- one hiimlred and Iw.nl.x yaiil> soiiihv.oi h.\ wi -I iSW. liy W.' from its imrlh poiut. In tlii- !•■ 1' •rroinid the dipili 1- iiiiiete.n leei.aml possihl\ less. Nil kelp is laid down around it. ami 1 ;. outside or in>ide ol it. llelwcen il ami ihe shore the depth is .seven lo three f.lthoms; and in- .'II the ed;:e of the ihiiT t'alhom line, and t w .. hnmlied and lilly yards from the rock, lies a sn;, n roiK. h ire al eMirme low waiei>. 'I'lie w e- n 11 one of I lie I'ledias llhiiieas. one hnnilnd 1 I lliiii\ lilt liij:li and one hnmlred and lit' \arr.> in cMeiii. Ins elo-.e iindei- the sonthwi '.n e\lleliil'> of Point Piidias PLineas, The S|iaee between the |ioiiit and the rock is only one 1 .1 died ami lil'lx \ards wide and i- li.iiied y a Inoad. sheixin:.'. rocky liottoni, hare at low w . There is deep water (nine f.iihom- close iimler the ■■nter f.ice of this rock. When it hears n.:" noriliMsi distant two indes ii has a \er\ strjl,in;; icsemhlam-e toa/i s iml diiiu's. Win 1 liyllt liouse hears wesi imi Ihwisl \\ N \\ . il .ippears .ilniost inidw.iy iietweeii the two roi K- Piil'ore the location of the ll^hl house at this point, these locks wcic the marks li.r makih^ ■ liailmr of .San Simeon fimn I lie northward : and steanicis hoiiiid north Irom outside the .Sam. 1 1 liara Ul nid ;:i'nci,illy haul in iiiiilrr the land hcfon- tin y aie up with t hem. I'l'iiit I'iidiiis lUiiiird'i, immedialclv inside these rocks, js a small, low. locky itoiut, ei;:li", feet, at its lii;;hest |iari.alio\e the sea; with a low. iiariow neck liehiiid it, whence sand ■ - sliclcli iioi ilieasi w aid aiiil spnad out foi half .1 iiide. The country liehimi the point is compaiaIi\ dj- low, only risinj: lo li\e Ihindred feet in ;»> miles ; but il then rises r.ipidl.\ to (he iii^n monntaiiis luiiniu- an amphilliealer from cast to a; 1 •- iiorlhwest of Sail Simeon l!,i> and il isi iliciiceto Picdras Mlancas. 'iliese monntains ai. .i hold, and from .seaward .ippcii i|iiiic riesc npon the sea iMianl. (tf these the two most f. on .1 peaks aie l.'niKy liiiuc. wliich rises |,,,iii ele\ ation o| ihirt\ -foni linndred tect alsi\:. Im' il- co.isi line, nineand a li, df miles imrili siviy di';,'rees cast N. f.ti M., from Picdras P.Iancas I J' lioiise.aml Pine Mount. ijn. which itliinsaii elevation ofihiitv live hnmlred feet at six miles IV,- 1 coa.st line, ami lies seven ami a h.ilf miles north si\!\ ci'.dit decrees cast ( N. (»S^ K.)fro!uth.' >- point. Tlicdel.iilcd dcsciiplmii nf ihcs.. mount. nils, with then ;;eo;.'iapliical positions, hasali i.l ht'oii jriven mi jia^c l'.!i'. Por dcMiipiion III .inchor.i-esand dan-eis in the approaches lu Picdras lllaiinis, .see pa •■ .^ to IL'S. i.nnir iiui •'"•'■' III hei;:lit. painted w hite. w II 11 the lantern frallerv and balustrade „ 1, ■""'""" '•"■''•• •' '^ >>''"'"''l lifl.v fee; ,„ tronlofihc k.-cpePs dwelling', whieli is a tu,. ..n ■S|i.llll>|i l..| MJiOc Ml l»s. i .ill' i H> if 4 ■ V L i!*, i 1 . rvi^^iini 11} 1 I '''"mBM ''•'l ■r i^'ffiNH i I' ' ' 4 I k ••' * ,. .^^''^ I'lPiiit I'lidnis lllani'a!* I.i){lil hoiiw. N\V . 14 iinies I'iiit- Mniiiitiiiri, iifiniit .i.iii'.o iVi-t Rook}- Biittf, Nortli, I;li miles; lit>i){lit, :i.4f>0 foet. ^1 :>j w. Il '< mi I ' y I m I lit ,-1.' J' f 1 «■*'. '' ■ I } .'>^ 1 ■ I 1 iH; '*! . J £ ^^.' ■■'i' ;:»,, ^Ji." ^ 1; '' n % k li 1 ■ ^r * • ■ '^^ IIikIi IuiiiI IikIiIi'Ii l)y lliirk Iih/.c '^aiiil iliiiM'H. r' >jL,==^:?*«»i" I'lim loji I..1 I 1 .1/ lop. I'lfiitaH Hlii!u n-i I.iulit liousf, N I Ijy K. j K , 4 iti ./'^l'i^.^'!#»:'"-^'^r^-«^V^'»**^'_^^ ruMlruit Hl:iii((i.i l.'ulil limiHH, ( lutKI I'ietlriiH Bl S^; liy (■ , J 1. H llnl.-. i^!t^^?"i^^£^,''T:-,-nn- Illllt'H. Outer Hiedrai) Hlaiiraii. I'ledrau Hlani'OM l.i^lit hnimi', K.SK.. 4 iiiileH. X ..- I..1 L'r../ lop. I.iKlit liniis.', M Ijy K jf K , 4 mill'* hurufti J'fttk. Hiiifi MotiDtaiii. DtiiiT l'ic(lrii?( Ulaiicad, frntii )ili• . .^^^^^1 t ' i 1> 1 '<'A il ^ t :«' '1 ! •:«-.« .; 1 1 t ' V t1 i ,/r* - 1 "-ii»<" i NMt(i> ».wi' iK.^ .- ?r-v'-<^^^ -griS^ ^tMKarrS^ L'apr San Martin Outvr I'ifdruit lilancan. FiedraH HIuijcuh l.i^lii Ihhiim'. NW liv \ .'i iiilli'H Inner Piedraa Blancan. Outer Pirdras KlancuN. Inner Piedraa Bloncaa. I'uint I'ledraii Lixlitluiuitf. NW. by W. i W., r' niilfH. Point San Simeon. White barn. San Simeun LaodiDg, NW., S miles. mm i, 1 '^■ \'imil>r il/( I ' \C|||\ Ifl'l i ,i..r i li>' iiM'iil vi; ■<■' rl;;|||\ scM'l '' Mllllll tlllll > III. ()will;il I i IIV \liril> lull riif j;niy;i;i|il I.iiitiiili- I.MM-IIU.I < ii . Ill nil Till' i'iiiM|)utt'i ' I I. I K'lll till' Li^rj ri'iiii iNt riiiiii Sill I'l'iiil Ai; ('a|ii' San I'liiiil Sill I'oiiii rill I III' cii.l.slili;,' ,• '- ii^lli' at I'liii ■ •■ : 1 1 liwaiil v\ it ■ " iliiiiii iiii.v a I iiiiM'ilialrlv I ii'.^iil.ii liliiiVs wi I ''■ill I Sill, II . I 1 iiiirili (N\\ i • --Iraill slllji ■ -I (N\V.)I ■ I 'I lulls llll'liai '1'. clinic fliric I iiIlT till' sou 1- Kiiiiiili, (ilV \\\ I M'l-^l'll Mt'l' .-ill ' ti\s 1)11 slim "1 I'miil l'i('ilr,i.> li'i . KiiliiT shiiri I nil' IS a lilii; !' ■' ■ >ii M.i Ncvai r iiiiii lilt' (i< "i^ 'H' cut lloWII ill ■ 'Ills ami Ihc ' ii" I'liiiH'tt Can ' ' 'I this ciiiii 'III' I III M'awani 'I' 'I ilii- ''winil-L'; I'ACIKIC CnAMI' l>ll,tCI 12: f> *i M U II Mlllll'llllf |i,lilltri| ll^lll lilltV Witll l>lltllim.S(>H mill I'lMIO'S WllilfWIINllCll. II \MIS l-| IiiiiiiIiimI -rXiMil.N li-i'l ;ilii>\f till' liiiMII li'Vt'l III' lIliMii'i'ail, ami III cli'.ir wt'illliii' jl. .sliulljil lir mtII riniii .1 III III' III Irt'l III Jl llJHlllllcr of I".!'. liilliM. 'Jll t'ri't III II ill^lanii' III' ■.'Ml iiiiUh. ;lll Irrt III II iljitliiiiri' III' 'J\.'i liiilr'<. • Ill I'l I I ill il ill 1. 1' •.';!, • ill /■ 1 III' aicnl vimIiiIiI.n limii .sfauaiil islwn liiiiulrrii ami ri;;lili'i'ii il(';;n'rsiir ilic liitri/on. iViiiii Miiiili fiy:lil\ sr\ I'll ami a liall'tlt'i;'''''''* <'""*' (^•■'^iA I')). I'imiiI San Siinroii li\r miirs iJiNiaiit, niiiml liv ilir NKiilli ami \M"-I liimiilli Tiiilv I'tuii' ami a liall ilt'iiiiTs wi-sl (N. IH W.t, a iiuiiit litiir iiiili'.t iliM.iiit. < IwIiil: Id llir I'liisriii'ss iif III is 11;: lit In llii- wi-sli'i ii I'inlia I SI a lira, a sliailnvv, nm- liiimlicil .iimI !iII> \aiils Idiil: ami lillrni variN wiilr, i.s rasi l»\ tlic rncK to llir sunt li wivsl. rill' ^i'ii;,'ia|iliii'.il |iiisilM)ii iil'llir l.i;,Mit lioilx', as ili'tcriiiiiii'il Iin llir Coast ami (i Ii'tii: Hill' l,:llitllill'. I.MliUllllllr I l|. Ml tlllll :;■. ;t'.i :.m .t iiniHi I'.'l i: ii'i .:i H.'si. -' ii:,'" II- IJ, ni Till' roiiipuli'il iiia;;ii('lir xaiiatinn tur .laiiii,."\ , IHS,">, was '."i IT la.sl, witli a \»'ail,\ iiiniasc i.f I I, I mill ilii' la;;lil Imiiim', llir ltrariii;;s ami ilisiaiici's to |iriiiiiiiii'iil |Miiiits art' ;;i\rii as tnllov I'l I'.sll .SK. In i;. , i; Hi. ml I' III I 'ill III San I. II IS SI.. I II., ili'-tunl Till II I Al;;in II" Si;. I .s , I'liji Sun Mill! ill I'.iiiil Sii I'.iiiil I'i . .NU , U, . N'V, I W ■•l.llll .'.' IMIll'-. -I.'liil I- liillrs. Hl.liil ..11 lllilr p| iiiti r\ 1.1 Mr) iliHliiiil i.T III ill' 1 III' (nasi iii^' sicaiiit'is iiiaUiii:.; San Siiiu'iiii l!a\ IVitiM tin- iini lliwiinl in t'ii;;;;v wcatlii'i ncnl a ; « lii.^lli' at I'liinl ritillas lllaiiras, liri ail.sr lirtitir lii'iny n|i \\ illi it tlir.v h;i\ c a Inn;,' i iiii liiun ' I "lllnNaiil >Mllinllt any aiil tn liavi;;aliiMl. \ rsscls t'min llir snlll Ii\n .Mil li,l\ r llkrwisi' a Inn;; i lliniit aii\ aiil In li.i\ ij,'al:iiii. iiiiiiii'ilialrl.v to llic mnlliwaiii of rnilit I'li'ilias Itlancas ||||. ..^Iiiii'i' Ijin. cinit iiiiirs ol' |n\t i'^iil.ii liliitl's witli roi'Uy pi'i>it'rliniis ami many iiicks clnsi' iiinli'i' llit' .slioics. r:'iiil Sliriii \i riiilii is a low , liliilV |>niiit, cnx t'lril with sami ilniii's, ami lies nni liivM'st nlir i|'i,n I hir I iiiiiili (NW. ', N.) tliit'c anil iMii'-ci^litli iniU's li'iiiii I'liint I'lnlras lllancas; it was naim i| llif .strain .slii|i Sdiiii .\'(''-(((/(i, wliicli was wi'i'ckcil on tin' mck stn•t^'llin^' rmii' liiiiii|ii.i| \, Ills mmUiuinI (NW .) tinin till' |(nint. I '.III iiT I In' wirck is still \ isilili' at low \\att'r(lS (). 'I'liisnii' I' .1 ■■iiniis iiiniarf In vrssi'ls llial liil;; llii' mast in rn;;;;y utatlni, i s|n.('iall\ as tlic srl of ||ii. ■ .|i|\ iNlinii' I'lirii'iit at this |ini lit is low aids till' Mint II iioiilirast (N N I';.), I III III till' .son ill .sii If lit till' I ml II I ('iii|iiii's till' S.iiita i'm/A 'irck, with a Inoad sami licarli cast .1 i!h ifiiilUli, oil' wllirll lies till' l.'l Cm: /I'.ir/,, t.iitx (.|;;|it jict lli;;li, ailil lolliiili;; I lif I'M li'lliity ol' III i'V|iiisi'i| iii.r.stii'iiliiii;; .siintlirast I'loiii I lir sIiom'. I Is sniit liwcst cxt ii'iniiv is loiii linnilrt'il ami lili> \ iiils oil slini't' ami lii'stwoami tiM'si\tlis milrs iinrili l'orlyli\i' il(';;rri's wr.st iN. I'l W.) iiiiii I'liiui I'li'dias I'llancas l.i;:lil. In Mt'ci'inlicr, I.S.M. tld.s nxk sliowcd a Ion;;iilat!k liasc, and a "lull . I.ll lirr sliai'|i pointi'd top, wlini .st'cii I'loiii tli«> sniiiliwi'stwai'd. liii ii. IS a lii'oad s.ind In-arii I'oi' one tliinl of a iiiili' mutliwaid lioin tl II' wi'.sioiii fxircinity of I'liiii! .>ii I'M Nevada, and oiii' .;ml a li.ill' inilis hurl liwanl of liiis point tin' San ( 'a'poloio Tu'i'k ':ii|'i •. iiitn till' oci'aii. This cicck and tlio Santa Ciii/ aii' Imtli considi'ialili' streams, and tlii'ir ••Ills ill' ml down dirp lictwi'i'ii tin' lulls. The latter inns se\eli miles I'aslwaid lietwceii the iii'Miiis.iiiis ami tin II liinis aln iiptly lo the iioMliwi'st lof as many more miles; this part is known IN llir I'Miiiii'tt Canon. I' 'I this eoiiiparatively low ly ill},' 'tea hoard tlio stroii;,' nortliwest winds, which have been "II. I iii.viawani In the Santa laieia . uinfaiiis, sweep with j;ieal violence, and constitute this ' i.i III e "wind {;ai>s'' of the coast. life Ihiiificrs. — T till' .\ii-(»\() San ( I'lorii ilii'cf I ilrcil .111(1 lirty y; lin.'ilar lioltoiii I ivc anil a li tlic li'iitli two llll Thcr f IS il /,» 11 III, ITS IIDI'tll M iijsiili' is lii'okcn t Tlicrc is a //// «lirii Caslro's II iijMiii II ami ili>(>|> I'.itliiHii cili'Vc lies WNW. it. 'I ilii'if is liiiik iHiks .nil' iiilli> rasi Mii^iN iViiiii I'lHir ; I'll' llu' Wl'Stf :"ii.\ ;. .inls Iruni s t i.itir iiiitsjilt' tl A rliisllhiii llll It I I's ill I'lUIII '} iiiM Ihlfc i|IMI :lll llnllsf tl>«l' 'M Till, li llll\ Is M li'iii'i'. It was |i| ILnliih Ciyilr V I- W .), iirarh . :.!• :in||| sllillc, ■i-'lii|i waliT am II ,;lii> liy lipii\ \ • I' ,:;i'iU'rall\ In ' 'iMrni faci'. "■ liiniijicil _\aril Till' Hiitisli . -'I I'l'.!!- VM allici. '■ 'l.iii;;cr. \\||, ' iihIiii.'. •">>''/•((/ slltll,, II "I'Inv.'st (NW.) |, -1''^ Ul'sl (N. ,-,1 ll.v llilri' il lukcl ,.M|,.,., I Ki'oiini II' III .IIIM., N..;l| i».st\\ai( viati'i -ll .11 iinv Niil S|,.|.,.;, X, 'I aiLiivaiir iiiai iiiii lilt .V vanis I, '"'III I'miii ''"'I \iink Hi'iia 'I'.'H inrls II ■'"' '" 'llll' null' ili'lll (lllc. "I' iMu;;.'.! I'., ' l""i liaiiiin'tl \i 'r rACII'U; COAST I'lLOT. 127 iuiiificfs. — Tlio smvc.v of ISSt lias ilfvcloiu'd soini' Iiiildoii ten I'atlioin line at tlii'c*' firilis of a milt- from sliorr. i JVC and a half miles sonliiwcst of the I'ifdras lllancas Li^'lit, tin- bottom is slimy nnid and till' il' |itli two hnndrt'd and liftytwo fathoms. I'Imic is a foinlieii I'lit rml: thicc lifllis of a mile olf the shore towards ("astio's llonsc, when II liiMi's north nineteen dejjrees east (N. 1!!' K.). It has six fathoms ontside it, but the ((round iiisiilr is broken to the thi'ee fathom t'nrve close to it. Tliere is a tlnrraitd o nnnrtif futhoms spot, with liroken i)otlom half aniilc broad olf the shore, ttlnii Castro's House bears north forty three dcirrces cast (N. •i:'.^-' H.). It has strafiKl'i'tf l^^'U* ii|K)ii it and deep water around it; nine fathoms outside and sc\en fathoms inside. The tbrec- l,itlii>iii curve lies lu-arly half way in towards the shoic. Stra^rKlinj; kelp lies to the west nortliwest (\\N\V.)ol it. This is the (Hllermo^t hidden dauKt'r between San Simeon and I'iedras i;ianeas. I here is broken bottom and iiimtirn Jht o/ iratcr one hundi'ed and tifty yards west of the two in(k>. 'lie mile east southeast (HSlv)of I'oint I'iedras Hlancas, but tho water to the scuith and east i,iii;:i'> I'lom lour ami a half to six fathoms. tMl' the western side of I'oint I'iedras Itliincas there are /(co .s»H/,rrt »»i<7,v, tour huiulred an\ ur-i iliiee ipiarteis west (SW . by \\ . j' W ,) fioni the (lieat I. ion Itock. It is in ian;re with the li^lii limise towel- Jii.st open to the northward of !lu' hi;;hest part of the rock. Tlie buoy is sounded by the action of the sea, and Ki^'''"* from twent.v to thirty blasts in each Minute. It was iilaeed .\u;;u>t. iSS.S. Ihnlirli (' ill! |i «aler aioiiiid it. theie lieiii;; not less than six and a ipia.ter fathoms outside an area of 'i;lil.\ \f\ loit\ varcls w liich embraces the rock. This area has twelve tosixteeii feel ot watei' o\ cr i'. It ;.;iiii'rally iueaks on the rock, which risi's steeply (Ui the west side, and is ncaily vertical on !l»' i.isii III face. There js t'oiil bottom in the kelp tield four hiiiulred yards northeast (NIC) and iivi' liiiiiilii'ii \, I Ills north of the Harlech Castle I lock, w ith eij;:]iteen feet of water, and peihajis less. Till' Biilish ship lliiihrl, (iisthw.is I'un u|)on this rock in .\u;;ust. l.'^fiM. in broad da\li;jlit .iii'l ill .11 wcatlici, lid made I'alse reports of tiie eireninstances of the wreck and the position of ;iii' il.iii-i r. When the Co.ist Surx'ey jiarty exaiuin''.i tlie locality the vessel's nuists were yet Maiidiiij. S<',,,il xiniLiii rochs witli fuurleen feet of water on them lie on the outer edj;c of theextreme 'i'Ullitt. st (NNV.i |ioiul of the Harlech C.i.stle liock kelp lield. The outer one bears noi tli lllty one il'^iiis ui'si (.N.,")l W'.), di.-^taiil two and one sixth nnlesfioiii I'iedras lilancas liifjlit ; and smith liiutjiliiic ili'^^recs east (S. ;{.; ' i;.i, one and oiiesixth miles from I'oint Sierra Nc\ada. I'iside !!ii» lii'iLiii j;rouml the botttun is very iircj^ular, ami thirteen feet is Ibund outside the thice- liiilhiii . !ir\e. N'Mhui'stward of Point Sierra Nevada the shore liiu' is locky with broad, locky beaches ex- I'll-"! .1' liiw water. .\t one and a half miles north thirty three dc;;recs west (N. ,'i.i' W.) from I'". lit sii-rra Nevada, and seven huiulred \ards otf the shore, there are liiidhrrs unit .sinihiii nnhs 'I .III Ilea of nearl\ our hiindied .iiid lit! \ y.inls sipiare, with deep watei- around, and ten fathoms 111 !iiiy \arils in the west. And at two miles north twenty-seven decrees V';..st (N. L'7 W .) "Ill I'l'iiit Mii'iia Ne\aila. and si\ liiindred .^ards fiom shore, tlieie is another pitch ot tnniLirs '""' voi',,(, /,,./,.'( over an area of one hundrid and lifly yards. There is deep water all around il. -iiin '., ,,||,. mil,, beyond the .Vrioyo .San ("iirpoforo tiiere i.s no known dan;;er outside the three I'HIi 1 1 lie. "M l.",i;;;;eil I'oint. which is half a mile south of the San Cai'iiofoio, tlie visible rocks stretch ""' I'lii liaudred yiirds to the west ; but there is deep water bejoml. '4 } \ 10 I m t \ (I ^} ! 'ii' i .r Wm^'W9r. - 1 12S I'ACiriC COAST I'll.OT. [ill lii'i'((iii .—On ;lif iMiliiT fdiiiiiiis I) risen ilii 11' i> "11 iiii> Inn. II r Ilic ^t'lii'ial cuiisi-cliiirt from San Diego ti> Han Tt i (low 11 ill till' siiiaii lii^lit to llif iioitlnvt'stwiird of Point San .^i ('(in, liiil the iciciit li\(li(i.i;r.ipliif siiiAcx lias (1 I lie Idcalitv to 1m' oint with tlic m nn t laiidiii;; m MiMxitli weatlier. — Tl Id Cru: h'ork .1 iic/ionii/c— i lie sill ve.\ ill;; steaiiK tbiiiid |>i(iteetioii and ninderatel aiii'liiiiii;;!' MiHli'i Neva la. it is iiol a vciy eointor llic Mintlieasl side of I.a ('mi/ Itoek. iiall' a iniie sontlieasl (Slvi of Point Si> table ancliorau'e. lint is safe in onlinarx north west weatlie r. All i-hor ill four lailioiiis Willi imler poini of the r( •k lie.iiin;: west l>.v south (W. li\ S.) aiiil I' Siena Nevada o|ieii In llie inner end. Tli. re is a lucak in the kelp sonlhward of tlie rock alV in;; a '-Icir |i.issa;;c iIik iiii;li to the anclioiaiic i I'or de.'^criiition of I.a Cm/ Koek .see iiauc Noiili w.ird of 1..I rrii/ Kim k I he kcl|i is I hick and the lircakers eMend theiiee aloo;x ll to I'oiiii Sierra Nevada and around it. ('iiniiil>! I'll' tht tiiii.\t null- l'itilr app i^ the cii.i.st iioiih of S.in Simeon: .iiid about si\ to ei:;hl miles northwe.st ward of the I'l.iii,- IJlalicas I lie rolliiii; hinds terminate abrupt !.\ at the b.ise ot' t he sniil hern aii;;le of the .^I'l n;i > n,: i runs to JNiinl t'armcl and forms the boldest and most eonipaet .shore ini the < i' lii'ic. wjiieli /. loriiia or ( >re:;(m coa>ts. The ran;;c attains a ne.u l\ uniform e i'\ ati 0.1 lolI'M tilde 1.1 and ihice miles Ir the i^ i-i line. The I ittcr is about six thousand feel in eleviition, lies m lali tilde .111 ' (ISA , loiiiiitiide l.'l _'."i'. and .iboiit iii r ten niiles from the coast. The latitm'. ^ ami hm.uitmhs of linlli ;iie ;i|i|)ro\i|iiiile. .\ deep \.ilie\. |i;irallel Willi the coast raiie:c, lies lie'Mril tiii'se two ;;ic;ii iiinunlaiiis. Mount Siiiii.i l.iieia lias ;;re;it piiic trees (oi and about its doiil'M lie.nl but ihev liiav Hot be readilv iii.iil e ont from seaward: nor c:iii this doiible head be made out thililj .sea w 11(1, the de|iressi(,ii between them belli;; Very sli;;ht and .short. Ill (dear weather the Iiii'illil- aill should be >eeii .it ,i distance of ei-lil,\ live liiilo; but ll is not .seen by tllC Coil.slili;,' .sli .illiii.<, as tlie.\ ll-ll.iHv keep .ibolit three miles iVolii the coast line. (OAST t IM; NdlMIIWI.SI W A1;|i (iI .s A .\ ( ' A i; f('pF( lUO. Iic<':ii]„,|m|,, is ,1 dee|i ca lion- like siicimbed at the iioiihein limit of the hi-li, rolli'- ki IIOI Ik Vald o|' I'lrilM- Id. Ill l.iicl.l (III.' ,i:id .1 h.ilf I--, and Ilie eoiiiiiieneement ot' the ;^ieat b.iirici' of llie ^K 1 1 > > H'lil' miles III IVoiii the iiionlh I'f th Ihoiiviiid lour liiiiidr.'i .md nity let ele-alKiii. ; i,d iIhii tie ciest I iicarb p.ir.illel «ith ihe slmiv. r.ald To|i .Moillit:lin li llie inns iiortliwi .\ller p.ivMlm Ike ('.ii|M.|nro the t lijVs In hllll'llcd I'l (Veil Tui lllllldted leel ;||,o\e || (■(Hiie \ei\ wild, lilack, and Ja^;;<'d, and n- le ^e.i : tlie\ are \ e| \ precipitous and do Iiol l«0 I illy" t «»; I Clll: In ll .Sin...,! l.,,>,.^,M^■,•v..,lu^ n, lM'.j I,, c.l,,,!!,,. „ |,. ,,i..,.,.,| ,1„.„, n, kollu.le li ii'inlnr. Icirj. V ll'llll I lllllll I'l'i liiiiil I III III iIm- S iirlv M'viii :o (I a iirni Saiii.i l.ii, ia, iiiiil »a\« llicv are llie iimiiuI laiidlall I 111! Ill- lll.lll III' lliis ll •111 iri'.'.i I ml,, ij iiiiiii'd lliu lalitiiilij iif ll 11' I' u'l'ii.l I'T tin- |,,,ii iir ll,.. ,,.,,M . c,,,:,, ll,. „,|.riiis il,il)lai|a.s de niiirlia arlml. Illi|,rli> .-1 111', |,all,\ ic wHitlicni loel ,,r ilii' Siirra .Saiiia I ■'" I"'"i llii» I'lOiicr. .'iiiil ji. II .\liyml Ciiii-iiaii/.n, llll- lll la I'l I.", a ^ixiii a|i]iriiNiiiiati(iii. Il£ 1 ' t y* Hafl i i' 11 1 ait * lir .' -^"^ ^"-v K . r J- ' ^M " - ' ■! '•*- --y^-— f ■- 1*1111' MlHllltHlll. K.irkv Until'. I'icdras HIuiuu.h l.iglit-lluusc, K..SE.. 7 niilfn ■'ig^mi Trt-p ■^^ (IV^ti ' : ^^^ \ i ■ III '!ll' \Mltl mI ii' shiii' In . iIji' Ii; riic III III!: 'Ili'd l('< |i> -. ;iltclil ill. ,1 ;iic Inn. Ilcic lii'M !•> .lie llii -'■ lioiisc: ■'^iiliiiiiii I'M ' iiiiili til 111 li>> tliaii :» Siivfi- I'l'; lliii'ii.i;li till' 1 .1 Willi till' liinKcIl luii IiiiiiiIi'imI II I l^l'S to till hoHiMT, pl'll ImiUi' Ilicrc \\ liiillli tiilt,V-t\ !1 ////,' A', llll> MM'U Ill's Im Ij til ;iwii-li at low* li'ilt' \\,\\ out t ilivi'i'i-s west ( W'hitr /.'.)< Iii-l i,i-li. It li.il:' miles iiori ii'iii.M'. It j,s V III l^lil !> ;;i\ ri ll is ilall;;i l.'"H- N... 'Jill, lin\.-,i lilies. V'irs Mull li.ili' li>|i|ieil III i'i!>' lnili' 11(1111 I ■it I'liiii-.is r.ii 'Hill .1 liair mil I lie p'li;;!- I.iitil I..M11; ■'••iiri r I'ni .iir.il niveleil, iliMili- the eiias i"li'l\ >i\ lei-t, 111'- I illiwaril. I; lies elev 'Ik- l.i;;litluiii.s The p'li;;!'; I.iiiiii I.iiIiH I'-'H I'ulk '■"11.1 ami Ih 111 17211 IM rACII'lC COAST IMI.OT. 129 ;it I lie \vat»'r liiu', wlicro tlicrc is iio Itcacli iiiid but fi'w kidmII rocks visible closd in sliorc. Oiitsidw III I- slinif till rt> is a narrow line uf kelp that ri-aclieH l'ni:ii '.Urvu iiniKlri'il to tivo liiiiuli-i>«l yanls ii. ilic liasc of tiu' I'iitl's. riic (list t ri'st line is b ss tliaii two niilos from the shoio, and avcraKcs lu-arly twt'iitylive In; lic'ii It't't clcviition. It is iiaiiiiw atiil sliarp, \ci',v i(>ii;;)i and ruck.v, and inarkfd in a low plai-i-s \>\ :ilt('i'in;; pine ticcs. hccp and rocky aii'oyos ate vut from tiit' ih\hv to the st-a, and manv id' ii III' aliMiliiti'ly impassabU-. Thi" main trail is lonsiiiuiMdly fori't'd to koc-p alont; the cri'st- III llcri' and tlii'ri> on tlii> top of tin- iliDs arc small areas of moderate slope, and i^cttleis' In , . > .lie seen ill ever.v a\ailable spot. The steamer ea[>taiiis learn to know the peeiiliaiities of ii,i - lionses as tlie.v skirt the shore in thick or very stormy weather. \iliiii>n Cral; opens tliroii;;h a deep j;(ir{;e at three miles from the <'arp()foro. It is the deep- i~t < iiiiiii thus far, and is notable as breaking; down the crest line from twenty-tive hundred feet i. I< .^ than one thousand. On the east side of'tliis dcpiession is Mount Mars, and on the west side i>>u\er I'eaK. At the west side of the mouth of the cafioii is the loeky biitteealled Salmon Cime; llih'ii;ih the depression of the crest line is .seen Lion I'eak. A lar^;e body of water tears down the r.iii'i! witii toriential force, and at several hundred feet above the .sea the descent is so sharp that ilir Ipiokcii water presents from seaward the appearance of a hij;li, narrow waterfall. Sidmon Veuk. — This landmark is well known to the navit;atois. It isubold, rocky biitte, onl\ lun liiiiiilred yards from the shore, and is situated on the west side' of the mouth of .Salmon t'reek. ii I IMS to lour liniidred and forty one feet elevation with a low neck immediately behind it. It is, liuui vcr, projected bodily a^jainst the hi;;her mountain mass behind it. On the west side of the ■ tliere was an old ChiiuKse lishiii},' cam]i and landiii;;. The biitte is nine and a half miles I fill ty two de;;rees west (X. lli - W.) Iroin the Lij;lif house at IMidras lilancas. U //('/(' linck .Vo. 1. — Nearly half a mile outside the slight projection Just west of . ..iinon Creek Ilk lies out in comparatively deep water. It is thirty nine feet lii;ili and liasa sli;;ht patch of I'liiii ki!| II U.I till' shore side. One hundred and ninety yards to the westward ot this rock there is a rock It lowest tides. There is no kelp around it. The kelp alony; the clilV shore extemls about \ out to White Iiock. This rock lies nine and a half miles noith forty-four and a quarter »est(N.Hi"' SV.) from the I.i;;lit hou.se on Picdras lilancas. White Umk So. 2. — This rock lies close under the cljtl's, which are here two hiiiidii'd and (il'ty iiii 'iii;li. It is two and oneei;;hth miles northwestwardly I'rom Salmon Creek, and eleven and a ii.il' iiiiics north forty-four and a half de;;rees west (N. IIP \V.) from I'iedras lilancas I,iy:lit- ImiiM-. It is well inside the line of kelp which here extends out about one third of a mile. No 111 i;;lil is ni\cii tor this rock. Ii is danneioiis to yo inside the kelp alonj; this shore. Uetween White Hock No. I and While Kmi I. Nil, '1 tlieie are hiddi'ii daii>;ers in the outer edne of the kelp, and also one lock awash at the !'n*i --I tides. l/.ic.i .l/(iioi/*M».— This is one of the peaks in the crest line north of the Carpol'oro. It is a iMir iiilipcil biitte about three ipiaitirs of a mile ea>t ward of the Saliiitm Creek depussion and mil- inllrlioiii t lie>||,i|'|.. I| j.-st \vciit\ li\ r hundred and ci;;lity ci^rht feet lii;;li. I'loiii the I.ij,'ht house i: riiihas lUancas il bears north ihirl.v three and a hall det;rees west (N. ;>.'>.l ' W.), distant nine 111 .1 half miles. I lie {jeoniaphical position of this landmark is: Liilliulc X) l.< itiiili' :!" iiortli. I'.'l ,11 :W ' west. .iir.ii iirir /'m//..— This is another peak '.if the outer crestliiie of Siena S.inta I.iicia. It is eliap- Mivcicd, and I'es two iiiili's to the westward of the Salmon Creek depression and two miles ii-nii the coastline abreast of White l.'ock No. L'. It rises to a hei^'lit of thirty four hiiiidred and '111 i\ >i\ teet, and deep pn^'es run from its .Miiiiiiiit down to .Salmon Creek, to the ocean and to ii-ril iwari lies eleven and a half iiiiles north thirty four and a ipiarter ilej,M'ees west (N'. '<'A[^ W.) from '111' l.i;;lit-hoii.se at I'iedras lilancas. Tlie t;eo};ra|iliical • .isition, as j,nveii by the V. S. Coast ami Cicodetie Survey, l.aiiiiiiir :t,-,' ,^o .|c, is: ,(iii«i Hull' l-.M .'1 riortli. /"'H I'tiik. — This is a Well known landfall in the second inner crest line of the .Sierra Santa 1.1 iiid Ih more paitiinlarly noticeable when .seen through the depression of the Salmon Creek 17211 !•(• U m ^: m t. %m j! m M i \i k;o oil a iiiui and list'.- I" an tu i',\( ii'ic ctiA.-r I'li.iir. li iioillicasi hcariiifi. It lies tlircc iuu\ diic tliiiil iiiilfs rinin tlic iiioiitli of Salmon Ciii valioii of tliirtx si\ liiiinlrt'il and ('ij;lit\ fcrl. 'I'lic ;;i(ij;ra|ilii(al position of llir peak ■liiiiiinni li\ llu' Coast and licodi'lir Siirvfx, l.,iiltii>l<'. l.ol,"ilil,l,. ;;;. .Mi .vj imiili, l-.'l I'.i -Ju west. The Tii-in /'Mi/,>i.--Tliis is till' iiaino };iv»'ii to ('one Moiiniaiii 1)\ tlic iia\ i;;atois on this coii. As scin IVoni ccilain diii'ctions it pivsriits lint out' peak, and tioiii Mount Sania laicia tlicn' is i aiipcaiamr ol a si'cond peak, lint li'oin tlic sliorc to tlii' inntliwc-l and soullii'a.st and I'lon^ si , wan! a si-coiid peak is cicailv madi' oiil,anil tlii' Tuin Peaks lia\i' liccoinc a iioti d kindniai that IS tici|iiili llv visiliic when the h)\vt'f iiioiintaiiis and slioic arc hi(hU'ii li\ thick ha/.c snioUc, or luiidciati'lv hiw shore l'o<,'s. Ilu'.v he ahiiMst exactly halfwav hctwccn the I'icdras I'diineas and the Sin. and onl\ Ihiii niiies iroiii the sea. The outer pi'ak is ,s|i;;htl.s the lower, and is halt' a mile west of tlie piiii ei|i,il cone. X'essels approaching; llieni Iroin the smitheasl uaid on Ilic il>iial course, pa^siii a iii.K'onisiile (.1 the I'ieihas iUaiic.is and two oi' tiiicc mile.-, ollCape .Smii .Marl in, lirsi niakethei I Cape S.in .Martin « hen lour or live nides iioilii\>est of the I'icdras Illanciv out over the shoilldel o heaiin.u nearly iimili Ihiitv-ninc de;:recs west iN. .'!'.* . W.) dist.ml lueiitvonc and a lialf mil The two pe.iliS are then estimaleil to he ahoiit two (h'f;ices a|i,iit,and tlic ca.sierii one is app iImmiI one (le"i( eiills the liiuhcr and sli;;litly the more pea kt'd. Tlic de]iies.vi(in heiwei'ii them isa Wlii'ii tlie.N aie lu'arinj; iioriiicast three ipiaiteis east (Nil. , ll. > (or alicain on the usual coni-i np or down the coast i thc.\ arc .slill well separated, Init the western peak has ilsdistiiicli\ c from \>\ a lower nmiided peak eoiniii^ in front of it. In this position a \f>sel sees Lopez I'oint, a nUi.i' talilc land alioiit ci;;hty feet hi;:li. on the coastline under the Twin I'eaks. When riinniiij; |. the tierlliwesiwaid of the Twin I'eaks tlie\ appear as one when llicy hear altont cast Its iiniii one third iinitli d!. liy N, }, N.) with a si hler of the raii;;e eai\injr tV(iiii Cone I'eak to i.npi Point almost jndiiif: them. I'roin the summits of the pe.iks iie.iil\ to the shore, the lace ol li^ raii;;e is eiit liy j:ieat cliasiiis and iircscnts a w ild and tcirili!y broken aspect. As the sle.im. > Oil SI hediile Iniie alwa\ s pass I he Tw in peaks in lheni;;lit it has hi^eii dilhciilt to oliservc detail- I'lrin I'dil: ('••n. — i'liis is the name of tlic cove imiiicdiatels under the soullnvcst ilaiik .1 the 'f W III l'e;il,s Miiilllt aill. I'liisl.itt /,'(!(/, isei-hty four feet aliovc lii,i;li water; it is at the southeast point of the Pae;ii. N',ille\ Landing; ill Tw ill PeakCoxe. I'ii'i i:t(uio> or the M(r /Vii/,, tor description of which .see Landmarks at Point Siir, ]ia::i l:;.".. I'.tl. M"iiiit ('iiiiii(l.\\\w^ iHiiih ihiitv three ile;:ii iViiin Point Sill, rises to an clexalii'ii nf four tlniiisand Iniir jiun the sea, and is visihle sexeiny liNciiiiles Iri'iii seaward. It lies in lalilnde .'iti '.M 0! iioiih •^I iN. ■<■< V. I .seven and a (piailcr 1111! and fourteen feet aim tilde lUl 1> we.-t. III the Cii.ist H iiivey tiian-iilalion it was called IJoiildcr .Monnlain h^ the loiindiii;:, treeless siiniiiiii is I'livcred w itli yrcat ii<'iildei> hisri-iiilinii .;/' Ilir .slmrr lliu . — A detailed desciipiion of the .shore li ward (il pMiiif Pii'ilia- I'.l lie imincdialch ••• ". streirli from .'sail Carpotnio to C iiie.i>. as tar as .Viiomi San Caipolmo, has ahead y 111 en yn en. Point, jiivi .soiiih of Piiiiit Snr, has lieeii 1 tlieiet'nie a rea^oiiahl V close desciipiion ca t'Coniloilered, II lie l;I\ ell. •"I'llli Piiilit Piiilia> lllaiiea> the eoasl trends iiDiiliuest III piaileis west (N \V. ,' \\ lift\ seven miles in an almost sli,ii,-lii line, thi.Mimrse passiii- I luce miles ollt^ide Cape San M. at sixteen miles, {"loiii Point I'icdras p.laiieas to Piiim Sm the com wot ,N. .".r \V. ,aiid the dislaii se is noiih lifi\ lour di : Suit, 1 e ill, ,y I l;:ht and I lilee ipial leis mile //,r,,/._I',,||,,u jii^ Iheeo.ist nine and a hall milrs fioni Piedr.is l! of S.ihiion Ci|.ek Ciniiii. wlneh i.- tlie soillll >ide of .S.ilnioii Head. riie latt very deep and crooked, and opens npun tl aiicas is the 1 le {'nasi cliise lili poiiii ii.-.in;: (lifeen Inn er I-. a preiipiioii> he, id fi nniii" a simlill idled feel ali.ive tin pii.ji moliiil.uiis eliiM' lirhiiid II. This lirad 1 'P'arier miles iroiu i'oint Siena Nevada. MM III one ' Tin, irlnl, ,,„/,., |j,. 1|,|| eel ly one and one tl feet hi-ii. 'Ilie soillll I a mile iilV ilie .slmre abreast S.iliiKin lie, id I'l lird miles IVdiii III ii'\ are each abmil '■ '"• '"■- ''l'""^' I'"' piarters i,r a mile soiiil, o| (I,,. I,,.;,,! and live ..mI IFT y^ VUi' m '1 i! -^M ^H ^ 1 (.1 ^ :;)!'' m9 1 !i!i i w m ^^''fl n f^ 7:,!:||lMy ..y:-' .*']|B| fl: ''|B j ''9HB^^^HHrn| f\\ •:' ^^'^'Sjt i-^^ : i M i iji i tJC^^RrHlMll- 1 ■ !. 9 1 •1.;!; i^ ,.-''^1 _ - -r'. vi.; "*^^ ^-:"'-*^. / y ^ h. / .'*: Tilt' TwiuH, opt'iiiii^ K, t S. . I "^ I 01 ill k. J.. 4 i Ji^ I i- I II .V n I'l V ' ; i-!' 'i'i'1 ■ ,1 1* JL W| ?l| ^ii ;!,■ -y ■ 1 ■M ' i : li'i i;*! i,iiM ' h\ H^A.^ •'-"^ \'^»^: .,.. n.>'4^. ^^'^*%.W^ ..<••" ~^^*^'. \ T'i I, '"X^- Vt. .J-v6 Ni; } N ■ '■ n, Ill's ■ rcirk :i mill ► '' ' V , ^V.,^-' \ •'" Rnek, l:i4 fpct T, „, ""* l«l'i», .1,100 ffpl, i", riiiliH tapi' .•Mill Murtin, \. :u - W., 17 miles i*- wsmM 11 : * I M : f ' ..'-1 i i ., ■! . 1 !« ul^^ i ^; ^ij i I! -f i^i- , i R I'icu blancu (bitHJuiit ili'^apptarciJ) ti.Wd IVi-t, NW.. :W iMi!.».. ,«fe, J^;-«r.«i^5S^:'. The Twins and Capo San Martin, N. i>y W. f \V., I'j niUtw. r he TwiDHand Capo San Martiu, N. l>y W. f \V., ID niUtig. ■'% \^/i" .>*■'*•' I'laNkett i{,l(iu fet-t, N.NW., Irt iiiiltm. iW^ T -""•"^ ' • .^MA i'uij itIuMi (I , han jiiHt iliKugigk. >4 fix't. Sun Martin Kmk, \'M feit •I. N.NW , Irt uiIImi. :l-f i H t ' *lyA' ■^W.' ■*.,^ V. V Li>|ii7. Kock, iliataiit ! m ;.■ Tlie Twins, iiJCO IVut, ij mUis. 8u>i Mttrtiii Kix'k, i:i4 ri>t;., i uii liiiiiilrci I IlllltcCIl 'I ('.ipf Sun ' III thii'c miles W Iiiiiii Ihc S. III! I'!.) iVu; -A li I'l llcVill ■ n.i~i r iiiyc cr rmiii till' -"Miill'lll |MI|llt -liiil.. Tii.Tc -:ii.ii. clMn iij;; I'lic 11(11 III I he ;:i'iij4i l.alit i;iil Irniii the ( I'icill I'niMt S'lii Miirlii lIlIM' Alf Mlllll '•|i .III oil' tlic 1 "iitliiii', ami ic; '■'■II' lirtccii \: I I t lie \ ii'i I'l'i^v Willi ti-rri iiii.U the lucky '■HI. IIVC'II uit /''"','/''' IM'i >■ • lie! Id' (■; ■■UlllClll |l; ";is visilil '■iai-l> Kirk, iiml •"■A -^li'. Illicit ki tllCIl lull. ;l ijiiii < ■<.n'K n„lr • ■'iiiii'tl\ I'll ' '!■ ' "iialiiiii III "•: ■ -.11 J'.-iiii I' ^ rACII'IC COAsr IMI.nl. 131 A ! ill' miles iiortli tliiit.v nine il' ;.n('i's west (N. .".M ' W.) I'lorn Point Sicirii Nt-vailu. TImti' aro ~!i; ill) T locks strclcliiiit; mil Inmi it lowauls liic iinilliucsi I'lir liall' a iiiiU'; llic (iiilcr oiu' (if tlii'st', I-, iliiiiil Iwflvi' feel almxc wain, am! has a ixiio'p (Ui llic ln|i, -^ii;^;;!'?,!!!:;; the idea oj' a ;;i;jaiitic ;. I I. Till' sciM 111(1, or iinrilii'i II, wliiic roik lies a lilllc <>\v. uiic iiiilr In I lie iKirtiiwcst of till' i'oiiiier i: . .1- ' !;!• s{aillifiii Kick. It lies olV tlic (ace of till' lciiilicali,\ |iicci|iitoii> iiiomilaiiis iVoin Saliiioii II. mI iiortliwcslwaiil. I"iiiiii I'liiiil r.icira NcNadail licars innili liirl.s one ilc;;ri'»'s wot (N. IP W.) fji^Miii six anil two iliiids iiillcs. Ilct wccii Saliiioii 1 1 cat I anil the soul hern jiarl of Cape San Mai tin I here are lliree short iiioiint- jiii ^Ireaiiis that eiiiei through deep caiioiis — the liiickeu' < 'anon, \'ilhi Creek, and Alder Creek. ( !i'M' iMKler the shore on tli.' south side of Aider Creek Canon there is a w Idle rock about (il'ty I'eet [, _'i 'I'liere is a raiwh lioii^e on the iioilh side of ihc eahon. 'i'he Nireain heads u|i under Alder ( i. rk Mount aiii, w hieli rises t. sixteen miles north l'tu't.\ four de;rrees west iN. IP W iioiii liie I'iedras I'dancas, and lliiit\ three and oneipiarter miles south sixt\ dejriees east S. iiii i;.) Iioni the Siir. .\l its soulhein aiii;le this lieadlaml rises to tweiits .se\en hundred and -,\ Mil elevation at less than half a mile from the shore. It is a massive, broad slioulder of the .1,1-1 1 iiij;(' crovNiliiij; (low II upon the ocean. I'loiii the shore, the 1 linked and ab.iost inaccessible mountains .stretch noillivv anl from the ~. iHii'in point ol' tile he, III, lisiii;^ |o llnrlv (iiie hiindii'd feet III one and t\\o tlii'ds miles from (he l,..ii . There is said to be an anchoiaue under the sinitli side of the cape, bill it is only a lee for -!,ii er.ift a;;ainsl lieavx iioilhwcst winds. riie iKUlh point of the cape loiiiis the soulheiii limit of the I'acilie Xallev Cove. I lie ^;eoj;i.iphieal position of the midille ol the Cape is: 1.:ihliiil-. ;:i .'.:! l.". mirlh, I ^ilu.li' |-.'l -Ji; 111 wrsi, i:iil Irom the Cape we have the follov. iiif,' b('aiiiiy;s and distances to important points: l'i(ili:i> lilaiii ;i- l.i^'lil-lioMi'i' S II i;. ilisliiiil ir. mill's, I'liiiil Siir I inniuiM il lijjjil) \. ('.I \V. ili-t.iiit :t:4 mill's, Siiii MiiiHn lixil. — Oil the cape, and for two or lliree miles aloir,; the shore to the northward, ill! H are I iimcrons i(icl,s cIiksc under the shore. Iliii San Mailiii Hock lies two thiids of a mile 1' 111 niV the iini tliei 11 pall if the cape. It is m smiiU rock , siia I p point eil, some w hat conical in "M;;:iie, and reaches a liei;;lil of one hiiiidred and Ihii l> four feet ^.bovc lii;,'h water, from a base of I'li'ii! Ilfleen \ards. It istheClcat White IJoek. Ill the \ icinits (>f ( ajie San .Mailinlhe inilhwcst winds. lbllowiii«,' the trend of tin shore, ■' \wth terrilie force, and the sm.illcr coasiiiii; stc.imer ., I'l.and iiorihu.iid, ate coiiipcllcd to I. Ilie locky (ailline of I he coast very elosely, ^jeiiciall> keepi about lliiee cpiarters ot' a inil(> il. K\ili with these .stron;; winds the swell is ii,)l liea\y, and ,., • w.itei is very bold. h'iniiir iicmV Cape San Martin. — In May, bS.S.'i, a rock was reported about live miles north- >i-i iiiil of Cape San M.irlin. and oiie mile (but probubl,\ less) olV shore. This wdiihl place it at "■ -iiiitheiii part of Coxe's Hole. It was at the lime of ordinary low water, and the top of the 1. \vas\isiblca foot abo\c the water as the lar^c swells would roll in liom it. It is a small ■ ' I' i> lock, and the bicik upon il was at liisi mistaken for a whale ■-pout iii'.;. Many of the coast- I- -icaiiieis keep close in here to a\oid the force of the wind and sea, and this rcparted rock is Mu'ii lore a daiiKcr to them. ' 'ij'i'x II„I,< iir I'll, i/ir \'(ill,ii r,.r(,— This is a bi^^ht lyin.14 to the norlliwaiil of Cape San Martin, l'irhii'il\ iiil'i'il I'liiihi (I, Mil:!, rill- 1.1', 111 IS mil till' (\i|'i' S:iii Mnriiii ul I'iiIuiIIh. t.'il-.'. alllii)ii^;li iiaiin'il 111 '"!'■ miiiluMi ..r |,iM ili-iiiM i> . I ill' |iiiiiit 111' sii iiamrilwiis till' iioitli.iii 1 Alii'iiiilv iif llir Siii'ia Santa l.mi.i "'■'■'■ ■ .It I'wiiil Caiiiii I t'V T'liiii I' -, !!■ Mi tfl , ■(" 1 ■!. I |M|i,|i m %■ .» W'**^'^ I ■ x, ■M l; rAcii'U' coAsr 'MLor. ,1 liotwoiMi it ;iii(l I,(M>i'Z Point. I'lom ("apt' S;iii Miuiiii ti> Lojuv. Point flio bt'iuinn is iiorlliu, .^t aiK llV Wl'Sl I t ,N\V. l.v \V.) Mil il tjic ilislaiici' six :iiiil a IimII' miles. Tlu' siioic rctii'at.s twci miles t |> Ihi' oa.stwartl oltliis line and tmiiis an anc liora};!' in stioiiL' nortliwcst winds. Tlic .sliori' line i.s Imi i,,, ,| liv llif liasc i>t till' clilVs wiiicii lioidci a naiiow talilc land at the l>as<' ol tlu- sici'p inoniii. 'I'iiis iiii's;i is tniiii sixty tcMinc liiiiidicil t'ci't ;ilii)vc llic watfV. Ncailv in tlif middle of this ln^lii is tlie iiiiMilli ol the dee]) •• l.'edwi.od t'afion," wliieli 1 ds lii;,'li in tlie nnnintains. ()IV the iii.iiili iiltlie (Mi'ioii there is smiiniei aiichcMa^c in on a samiN lieai'h. 'I'liiTe are a MX Id eiiilit (atlioins of water, witli a pmd l)i)at lai lew lionses and .1 seliool honse lien'. The remains oC an ohl i were still stamlinji in iss:.. The (Mfion i.s densely wmitled with line redwood Iree.s, ran};in;r Ii.mi six to Ibnr lei't in diameter and tun limidied I'eef in height. Lane: I'liiiit. ~Th\> is a naimw laMe laii.l or terrace. fiKhty or ninety feet liifili, I'orinin- Mm northwest point ol (oxe's Mole. It jnoji •Is I'rom the base of the monntainoiis iidj;e which 111 hence to the northward and then sweeps east to Cone I'eak orlheTwin.s. Tliis rid;.'e a! tweniN six hnndrei' ,iiid twenty li '\atioii \Mthiii one and oiie.i|iiarter miles liehii.d the and reaches live .lioii-Miid one hiiiicii' : cet at the Twins. Lojie/ Point lies north forty seven .cjirees west (N. 170 W.) twenty live miles from Point I' dras lilancas. Indcr it then- is ;,'ood noitli\\i'>t lee ami anchoratje in six fathom.s. hut I hen :- l>oat landing nearer tliaii l.'edwond ( 'anon, tliiee miles to the east-.soiitlieast. The ;;eof,'ra|il . position of til It is latiinde .ftl iMi' I.", .and Inii-itiide iL'l .il L"_* ' l.iiin: U»il. — This is an isolatcil rock lyiiij; half a mile oil' shore, and one ami a hall 1: northwest from Lopez Point. It is estimated to lie sixty fei't lii;:li with a base alioiit ten yai.l extent. This rock, lyin;;- closi' iiinler the shore abreast the Twin Peaks, was noted as liaviii:; > caverns in its s'wh- as we (las.sed within one mile of it in IST.'t. Till l>i ril's Cniinii. — I'ive miles aloiijr shore to the not 111 west from Lopez Point is tin' im of a dee]) canon, witli a slif;htly jirojectin;: itoint one mile to the northwest of it. This | . leaches an elevation of thirteen Iinndred and ci;:hty feet within one thirtl of a mile from the sin The 1 anon heads under the ciestline of the ranj;t' only tvo and a half miles liack from the nI Aiiiliixini in- lint Sjiriiiiis l.inuliiiii. — This open and nnpiotected anchorage is h.ilf a mile 1': olV ^hoic. and about one niiie to the west iiorthwi'st of Hot Spiiii;;s ("anon. It is ei;;lit and 1 miles iioithwot'Aaiil fiiiin Lope/ I'oinl. ami seventi'cn ami a cpiaiter miles southeastward ;; I'uiiit Sill, flic iisii.il anchorage is jii^l outside the kelp, ill se\cn fathoms of water o\ei 1 bottom. The lioai landing is on a rock lyiny; one hundred and ten \ards from the shore. I'li is then moved irom this rock to the shore over a wire rope. The small coasting' stt'aineis freij:lii here. The aiich(»ra;;e is maiki-d 'oy the month of the Hot .Spriii^s Canon, and the laiidiii;r obi its name from Ibiii or li\e jets (»f steam lisinj; from .some warm springs in the canon. Tlio \isilile from .seawar miles to tl astward, is tliiity ei;,'ht hundred and lilt) alio\ r t he si',1. I'lom the aiicliora;:c tiie iii;^h peak named Andcison, only two and a quarter miles iiisid. shore line, uses to font liioiis.ind one Iinndred and lorty teet. and bears north; Itock Slide east by north [V.. by Ni. J'liriiiiiil'iii mill West l.miiliiiij. — This open aiichi>ia;.'e is nine and a half miles from tin and tliii'c and ,1 ipi.iiicr mile-, southeast of rrcillci's Point, uhicli {'.niiis somewhat of a pioli . in bieakiiiL; llie liea\ y iioriliwesl swell Tlieic is a small iiiileiitalioii in the shori' line of 1 two liiiiidied \ards In briinlth and depth, into w hicli tlie siii.ill co.istiiij; schomiers are h under a chute iioni the clii Tlicv lie here ill li\e fathoms of water to receive tan !iark,et< tlie aiiclioiai;!' i^ li.ill a mile outside in tweUe lathoins of water oxer rocky bottom. The ai^ aj:c anil laiidiii- are coir-idered ;;ood dniiii;; the snininer months, p'roiii the aiielioraKe Pie, Point lie.irs about wc>t tliiee iinarters north (W. ,' N.), and tUms'c.id station, on thecoa.st 1 1 lies about iioiilnasi half noiili (NI'. A N.). distant two and a quarter miles from the slmi. iilul risiii;.' to ajioiii toiir thousand feel elevation l'lii(lii's /'id/ir—Tliis is quite a hi,::li and precipitous point. Ivinj,' mnili (ifly fonrdc;;rce> (N. .11 W.i. foitv and lliice qiiirters miles from I'iedras lllaticas. ami south si\t\ east |S. nil H.I SIX iiiilivs I tin Siir, but tins l.isi course passes jiist over Cooper's 1 Olll mil If inilototlic West iioitliwest. The |ioint faces the Nca Willi a front live Imndic'l I'ACIKU; t'oA.ST I'lhor. 133 ill li( i^rlit Mild rniis hack iis a Rn'iit riil};»', ciirviii}; to flic mutlit'iist iiiid tlicii oast, for (Ivc iiiih'sto tin -iiiiiiiiit. of Stat. on (Hiiistcil, tour tlioiisaiid fn't aliovc tlic sen. This ii(l;;(« risi'« to two tlioil- jiiiii.l li'i't iiiioiit one iiiid a lialf niilt>8 nortlit'iist (Nl!.) Ironi tlic |Kiiiit. I III till* iiortli .sidi> of tlu> point is tlic o|u>iiiii;; of a deep ^miIcIi with a strcain. FiidtT tlio .sllllI^' isf side of tli(> point thric is a ^ood noithwfsl Ut iiiidcr tlif strep clilVs. Tlic ancliora;;(> is in I- 'Ml seven t' ten fathoms over clav lioltoin at the outer edi,'e of the kelp. Tlieri- is no boat laii'l^ii;,', on iieeoiint of the preeipitons elllV. T'liere is no kelp outside. (her I'feillei's Point the I'ieo Itlaneo, or Snr Peak, rises to tliiitv six hundred and sixty feet (HI till' lieariii;; north liv west three ipiarters west iN. Ii.v \V. ',' W.), distant live miles. (oiipir'H I'oiiit. — This slifilitlv projeetin;;- elitV is four and two thirds miles southeast liy east oiir .|ii.irler east (SI'',, hy 10. \ K.) fioin the Snr, and one and a half miles wcstnortliwi'St (WNW ) liiiiii rieiller's I'oiiit. It lies just inside the eoiirse from Tiedras lllaneas to tl> ■ Snr. If is a sharp, iiaiiiiw point with precipitous clitfs. and rises ovcronc hiiinlred t'cct almve the water. It stretches out III (lie west southwest, Itchind it flic rii}:;rcd hills rise to twelve hiimlred feet in three ipiartcrs III' .1 liilic, and to aliont three thousand feet in three miles. Iliildin Ihinijir i>()' CiKiiirr's I'oiiit. — On the iirolonj;at ion of Cooper's Point, at two hundred yaiil-- distance, i.s a lilack, rocky islet (the outer one <>'' ihrcel one IniiKlied yards Ion;;, with foul uioiiiid and lireakers beyond. Otitsiile of this lies a si'iikcn ruck with scveiitccii feet of water iipiiii it, whicii is not marked In kclji Imt ;;encrally tireaks There is a depth of from six to ten lith mis close around it, and ten f.itlioms midway lietweeii it iuid the rocky islet inside. If lies M\ liiiiidretl and twenty-five yards west l>y south (W. liy S) from the |ioiiit, and is outside the liiii' |iiiiiin;r Point Snr and Cape San .Martin. I''rom Point S ir it liears south liftyci;;ht and a half ill -ii IS cast (S. .jS.V"' V„), distant four and a half miles. line mile outside the piiiit, the depth of water is twenty-live i'.'thoms; at two miles, sixty i.iiliiiiiis : and at two and a half miles, one hundred and twenty-live fafi.onis. Tlie Kco;;rapliical position v\' the extremity of Cooper's Point, as dcterniined liy the triaii;;ula- • 1 the Coast and (icodelic Survcv, is; l.alitllilr '"■'• l.iilljilllclr l-.'l II niirtli riM n) wivst. ilw Siir h'ifn- is a small mountain stream . mptyiny: to the south under a point of land I\iiis lai.illrl with the <'oast, and fhercforc marking; the month from seaward. It is two and a half 1! I- -niitli sixty ci;4hl de;; ices cast (S. (is" |;.) from Point Siir. OlVSiir iJiver. to the southwaid 'I :!' 1.1 Ip field, Ihcri' is a fair anchoray:e with ;jood Imat landiii;; diiiin;; fin suinmcr moiiths. ark is shipped from there, and occasionally an otter-hiiiitinjf selnoner anchors there >s thron^ii an opea- llic kelp I'ruin wliicli the month of flic Siir (fiver bears northeas; 'Nl when iiisidi' tl krl|< aiii'hiir in se\ I'll fallioms. The boat landing; is uii'iii. The hei;,'ht is decc]ifive when every III ii';r i"* seen thriiii;;h the In;;' and mist, and esiiecially if ilie llll^t or fo;; lies low on the wafer. hiiiKjiis smith of I't)iiit Sur. — I'lom Cooper's Point to the Snr Kixer the coast is bordered b\' I'luki'ii kelp fields lor a width of half ;•. mile out to Iwche and thirteen ti.thoi'is uf water. I'roin 'III' >iii' lliver a ;;real lield of kelp be;;iiis and runs heiiec to the Sur, extend. ii;;' over a mile from t W\ :<' I 1:1 Mill- 111,. Il "illl'l. l'\ foul ;;i'oiiiid bcy;iiis iieaily three miles soiithca*! iSf;.! uf the Sur and extends even out iiiifs of the;;i'eal kelp Held, which reaches out to liltceii and even toci;;hteeii fathoms of Wivlirst shiiitl .titiit, with three and a half fathoms upon if. lies t'lree-ipiarfcis of a mile off the ^nv i;i\e It lias deep wall fen to twelve latlioiiis, close aruuiid il, and eiylil fathoms on the lii'h il«:c of the kelp which tloes not emltraee this dan;:ci. 'fhere is foul ;,'roiind and breakers it and the shore. I'loni Point Sur this dan; ilixlaiii two and two thirds mile: ith fifty three de;i'rccs east (S. ,">;P ]•].), ■[ II' XI iini il kIkkiI spot, with four and a hall fathoms upon it. lies o'ltsideihe limits of the kelp- H m- Vi'k -W I'Aiii'ic coAsr rii.oT. Ill, lint witli stri,::^'liiii,' Uclp iilii>nt. Tliis s|ii lit oust iS. •_".• ' IIJ t'i'Din roiiil Sill'. :iii i| lies ulllliist IWd miles SiUltll l\V( 111 V llillt' <1( { iiroiiml il :ii'' ilM' iiiid .si\ r.iilHH I our Jllil iilic ri;:lllll IlillfS li|n;ii| nil' till' cilllst. 'rilc i|i'|i|||s l>nik II-. Ill li'ii Mini lilliTii ralliiuiis, mi!ic;iiiiiu' M'I'.v nrnkcii liiillniii \viil IMwsilily l>;i> ()iu't, i(Mk> A \ rsscl Wdllld clriir II li.\ krrlilllL; I'll llu' M'l \ cil;;!' til' llic fii||i|i;icl li ol l>rl|>. I r .-lie wi'ic ciMiilicllcil to
  • sii lii>iilc llii' k''l|i lii'lil llii'lr i- one Ml' k ;i\\;isli iiiiii luiir or live liiciikt'is : iiiiil lii-twci'ii llir k liclil mill I he Imv. shim l\ m-ck lu'liiiiil llif Sill lln-ic iin- luiir or live oilier breakers liaviii;,' as liiil \ I'eel on I lie rocks ami very liiiil liolloiii lliriiii;;li tlie kel|i in tlie \ ieiiiilv. So Hie locality is.i as SI very ilaiiucroiis niie. alllioii-li \v e lia\e conic iiii tliioii^li these (lan;:ers w hen the wcallii'r dear and tin' «ind \\a> Mow in ''solica\ih llialall llie hleakers weie ill siyht. ( 'iilside this rm l-\ llic area the water ilcciieiis (|iiickly. and ilicic is a dc|ith of tliii'y lathonis at two miles iVom sliote. and I'oity laiiioiiis at two and a li.ilf miles. Imt the liotlom is not le^ular. The steamer Sfniitar. limind iioith lioni San l>ic^ii. re|iorlcd a tiairou escape Irom i.ii il wreck three miles .-oiith li\ "est S. li\ \\'.' iVniii ihe Sin. One ol the |iaddlcu heels •^ra/.i i| .1 sunken rock, and clo^e to the stern post the vessel sliiick heavily cnonuh to cause her to 1. ,il, liadly. 'The luai iiii; and di>laiii'c miis| lia\ e liccii reported erroneously. Iieeaiise even if the In .n iii^r I'c assumed south lis ea^l S. Ii\ I'.. 1 Ihci c is fo; ; \ laihoiiis at that distance. 1 1 is pi-olial>li s| ,. was neai' this liiokeii iL;i'oiind or inside the kelp on the rock a»' ash. w liicli is one ami two thirds imli s Olllli ton \ three dc;:rei MS| S. (. Iioni I lie Niii-. The danuers iininedialcl\ under Toint Si;i aic mciilioiied in the tieserip ion ollliat head sell that lietweeli I'icdias I'daiieas and the S in- there is soiiiethili;: which al; Shipmasters a- the north end of the compass needle half a iniiiit tow aids ihc laud ; lui liilt as t hi.; is onh nl\ e\perii 111 I i| ■iisionailv. the cause is nn'ie likciv to be with the iinknow n diici tion and lorce of the ciiii or with iinc'irrected compassc Mmniitic \''ti-iiiliiiii. — I'or .lannarv. 1 s s.~,. ii,,. jm,. ,,1 ijiial magnetic declination o| mm (Ici'rees eas t cuts the coast line in lalitnde .ii'i^ II' . ci;;lit miles soiilli of the Sni', and 111 o\ es ail ally one minute of are to the iiorthuan POINT SUR. I'ifty miles noithwcsi three ipiaiicis wesi NW. ^'W. from I'oiiit I'ietlras I'dan eas. ami lii i' one miles north litt\ sjs dc;:iccswcs| X..".!; \\ , I'lom < ',ipc San Mai 1 in. is Toini Siii .foiiMii:i called 1,0s 1, olios' : iiiakinu' out I wo ihiids of a mile liom llic siccp moiinlaiii side. This lie i.l land liieaks the Lieiicial strai;:lit line of the coast lietwccn Point I'inos and Tape San Maitin. 1 ! is a Well known point of depart lire lor \ essels y:oiii^' north or south, {''roiii Ihe north il is tin- : 1-1 |ioiiit iiiadi' alii I Icavinu I'oiiil .\iio Niie\o. .\s seen I'rom the north or somh. at ,1 distance of ten miles. I'oint Siir appears as a hi;;li. l.i; .!•. round to|iped islet : liiil upon a| uoachinir it a low neck ol' l.ind is seen conneciiiiu' it with ' main. I Ins is a \ i i\ not.iliU' l.aluic. T lis necli 1- insists of s.ind dunes, w inch are loinicd li sand dlillin,i; fiom the iioithwcst, and it is not o\er tueiily feet aliove the sea. The e\tiiil <•'. rock is about si\ hundred \aids nearl\ east and «cs| li\ four hundred \ ards m w nlih. I's In is thice hundred and lillv ei-lit feel, and the lower ]i.irl iseMiemel\ biokeii ami picnpilii!- si\ty leei above the sea. with many loi'ky patches iincov crinu dosr iiiulci' it to the vmsIu.i'' low walci. It is particnl.iilv black at niL:hI .iml can not be mi'. taken. There is a liaal liiii'liini close under thi' S ur a' the soiilh and II if I he ni ck. w here the kelp ic istin;,r s|(.aii|,.|'.s soiiietillies 1 nid liei.'lit there. The 1 li I ee f.il lioni c lirve kic| under the s,iinlieast shore of the he. id ; but iliside the si\ f,.,.I line thele ale two v Isible i< which Ihe l.il'.;er one under the elilf bleaks p. Ill of t le sucl!. T le other IS ( lose to t he e.isl e' tin laiidiii''. Tl e lovvvvalef hcaeh is tweiitv live vards wide al the joining' of the be.icli and In-.i. There is one know 11 liiihli ,1 ihi Ujii- olf the head. It is a lock u llll I wel v e feel of W.lli-I it, ami it lies four liumlred and lillv vards outside the Siir. with eij;ht fall s of water insiih n 'I lifteeli fathoms close outside of it. Tlieie is no kelp to indicate its posiliiui. which is seven ' m' died vards south sixty toiir de;^i we.- 1 S. (;| W.I roin I lie highest part of ihe .Sm . The depth of walei al one mile broad oil the Siir is twenty seven fathoms, anil at H it is Ihirtvsix tallimas. with leiiiilar bottom. Tiihn, — Tlie linn s and hei;:lils ot' tin- hi^ii and low waleis under the Siir can beta I,,- !lll Ti'liiiiKcil ,all» II I'miii! 1...!). Ill Ills .11 las >r< .:^!Z Piri) Hlttiico, :i,f)f>0 fi'^e Siir, 8E. | K.,') m lii«ljM»»aiHPBgwr«i»«ijpiti_i|«a Mount i'aiuii'l, si:. 1.> K. i K. SK. J S., lit miles. 4 . . ) :t4 -:n. •^--^ r1^*.-. A. ..£-.^,:^' Pico Blaiici). :t,ilCO fift, K..H milv The Twins •MOO feet, K.8E„ <*"•■ ,^' -->. -^^^^. / V •\v \'-'*. :'>^--^v>> ./r/^ ■ V )'ic(i Kliiiico. 3,(it;i> liift MO. i K.. 17i mil("«. V Mount Cuniicl, 4,417 ''not SK. lij V..\ V... Ill iiiiKh 1'ho Hlunco, :),(ii)U feet, ••^1.. ♦ K., VOiiiiirs, '■'^tf'v-,^.^ ^^^ 'the Twins, MOO feet, K.SE., aa milei, TL'Sur, 8E. »E.,5mile ■^-^i? \ The Sar. V >->^-.> ^"^^fm%;^fy^ffSf^ r ,<~^.. 1'ko Hluiico, :),(ii)U feot, >!.. t K., VUiiiii,.» The Sur, SK. }8,, I'J miles. \ ' i: i\< «'; . U 1 ■:''. '? ' , ' •}■^ « ' ■^ i -<■ . - *- ri)..- Siir, NW.i W , -iWlf iiuleH. III. Siii N\V. J N , 11 uiil, . ."^- ,-%#''«.>''''^..- F*=. I 11(111 I ■<(• mil- 'Jii' I'l'i I'h 11 lihiiii u. :i.ik)ii K n . I 111- ^111. N.f.:. K . .'* Ill .\ mill"- "> _ - -- ri?* , ■•"^<<' Pico Blanco. „, -v^-,_,._ PiLO IJliiiMu. ;;.ffiO (Vci, N. by W. iW., 12 miles. .11 *i.* y ■•■■V-. I^i'i r.i 11 Khiiiiu. ;;.iKi(l k n. 7 MtiU'r<. II . N.i't". K . .'4 111 .f 111 ill'" H Mm\ ,' f ! ic 1 ' ...1. '* . \fc V 'j';- ■ i ' ■ -■ rvt •■ \ : ■ '■■ ... 1 I'iS ^■■■'i': 1». ,' 'I J I "1 11 1 ' * 1 H|r|H ill w ,"^.- V ••'--^— - \. Pico Blanco, 3.660 feet, N, by W,^ \V., I'imiloH. Mipiiiit ( iiiiiii-l. 4,417 fret. N. I \\'., 1.') mileit. t'uo Ulaiico ;i.WiO fwt, N. li) W. i W., 10 miles. '^v^ »- — Th.' .^iiir, NW. !>y N. | N, 7 luileu. i saiiir IIS at ;ilM|i|ilc sill" (ill' I'ipiiit Si ».-.! S. I'.'.l ll IMII lie |>;l ll'illl l\»rlll\ \vi'>l MoftllU ,.! !!.•• hi 11 I'loiii "III' hill I III' ^('(1 ilclir Siir\('\ l.;i 1.0 Or In .hlllll iniiiiiti', r I'l I'.. I'm I'm In I'u I'll I'i: ;iMil uii the li >' 1 M.M.Uil ; I 'tiidiiKli >.llll,l I.IICIH. '■'■'\^ tiiiir nil lilillA si\ llll • irllM. ||;|/.|. II i''.l!. ilcriillH i'' . ■ A nil Ni l!ii' Sill li;is I 111 IIIIHiIMl; I ' i: - liiillli s \iiii N.lfV 1) II I ill' SI'CIl "' '. .nil! I I >■ > III nil • •' :. \ li\ I' I i lil> |ir;i1 '111- IIm'Ii n. 'II . ]., tl,,., / '.'//(■ A'/, "llil llllV III! -"'"'•'.illl'S lie l.-lhl /In. ''<'' •■1' i\*;ilil ,■ i '" ii:ivi;:;il 'I'l'l 'llilli I' '' 'll'' ^iiilthi'; •'»""■ ill' Will rAcii'ic {'((AST ni.di'. 1,'!.") ■iiiiic us at Mdiitcn-y. Tlit- {jrcatcst vwnm^ of tiWcs oUscrvi'il dm iiiy tlit; i>roi,Mv.s.s of tlio hydro- liii' t' llir tii'xl cliiss, liaviii;; hlncl,' iiml irliilr irriinnlicnliir slriprs, has liccn phnHul 'iiiiil Siir in twcnlythrt'c and a half fallioins of water, south fort\l\vo and a lialf dt';;rt'i's S. IL'A' \N'.) distant inic nidc (loss (mic luindrcd ,\aids) IVoni tiic !ii;,'li('st |)ari of tiic licad. Ill he passed closely on eithei' side. The whistle is sounded liy the aeti(Hi of the sea an! noithwest we heard the sound of the l)noy one mile to leeward and half a mile to windward 111 ii." Ill l>eeeiiiliei', I SSI. we heard it from a distance of nearly two miles, ^iv inj;' frei|uent lilasts lleiii "lie lia It' to three (|nartcrs ot' a second duration I 111' ueoj;ra|ihieal position of the suinniit of I'oint Sur, as determined hy the ('oast and (iec Irlir Nilixey. is : I,.'ltltMlll' ■M\- 1- l:! .:i iiorlli, I. iiiiili' t M. Ill llllli- IJl r.- ,11 wfMt. Ill .laniniry, issr», the maj,'netii' variation was !<> (»)' east, and is decreasing; annually one lllllilllr. im Point Sur wc have the tollowiii),' lieaiinus and distances to pidrninent point' I'nilll A|'l;I11'I1.i 111'. IIS rMiiit Hill liiiii lii':iis I'irillil- iilllU'.'l- Marti i;. ili-hnil I'.'l null's. i:. ili-.l:iiil -II mill's. I.iiilit \v 1 I-;, ilislaiil ili' ('a]if .Sal I'uiiil (■.V|iii".s I'nilll Aim Niirvo l'ii;;--i;;iial I'iyiiiii I'nilll l.i;,'lil-liiMi«i' ... i:. ilisl.'inl :i| ■J \V. iliMlaiil li;" mill' N. Ill \V. ilist.iiil .■,:! mill. N. \' \V. ilMt.'iiiI mill' ;miiI nil the latter course the lij;ht on I'oint I'inos will lie aheani at ci;;htce'i miles iVom the Sur, iml ili^i.iiii si\ and a half miles Iroin the ship. l.inidiiiKfl.n. — There are two notable peaks close 'icliind the Siii on the crestliiie uf the .'Sierra lilt, I i.ilria. /'i. •' llhtiiiii, the Snr /V((/,'of the coast in;; captains is ,1 short pointed, v\liile toppi'd nioiintaiii, 1. 111^ liiiir and a ipiarter mih's iiorlh sivtylise ile;;rces ea>l N. ti."i V..} from the Sur. it is ahoiit lliiiu ^i\ hiiiiilicd feet alii)\ c the sea. When 1 lie Sur i I. self can not lie seen on account of low foi;or f the iiioiiiitaiiis arc liciiiientl.v discernihlc, and the Sur ■ll'IlM' I i,l/e miller the sliiile line, the tops o liecoiiies one of the special la I id marks. In in n n i ii u aloiiy the coast from the nm th ward, from : Alio Nr.eso, and the .Sin' lieiiii; in visible, the cniii ^e is cinitiniicd until this peak is abi'ain when i'li' .Sill li.l s liccli p.isscil one mile and then thccoiiisi is cliaii;:(d fur the I'icdras i'llancas. .\iid lii niiiiiiii;; lo the northward from I'icdras I'dancas i he conrsc iiiiisi becontinned until the ]ieak ■|.u> iinitli si\t\ li\c de;;rees east (X. (i."i ' I'!.), directl.V over the .Sui, when it is eliaiij,'ed for I'oint Aim N,ii'\ o or for I'nillt Cypress. I' second peak is Mdinit CiiniK I. oi r.oulder .Monntain. whiih has a i| topped, ti "imiii:'. and lit \ en and (me ninth miles nm th thirty Ihne deun i s lasi , N. .',.'i \',. i iiinn the .Sur, i:-'^inaii clevatitui ol fiirt\ tour hiindreil and seventeen feel, and is\isiblc Iroiii seaward about . li\e miles !s peak is Used by some id' the capt; lilis when ciiminu' fiom llie sunt heast w ai il. Th II ill.' ilii'ii eoiii-e until till' mountain is al icain w lien lln \ w i Ih lie half a null' p,i--t ihc Sur, and the .iii„. |. then chaiii^cd I'm I'oinI r\pics-»oi' I'oini .\iio Ninvi / lUlc It'll I ) //i7/ is a lovv iiioiintain nnilei I lie llaiiks 111 t he coast ran;:e ; it is one and a half miles nil lill.v one dt-^ices easi (N. .".l ' I' , Imin the Siir. and is thiilieii hnmlied lect lii;;h. it will 'Ml' lies be made out when the hi;;her and more distant monnlaiiis are in the clouds. /.;'(' Uiiii^i lit I'oint Sur. — A tii'st order la;^lit will be cstalilishcd low down iipon the lace of aid slope of I'oint ,Sur, and the liudit house is now beinu creeled. The need for such an ivi;.'atioiiis paitieidarly },M'eat at this place bee nise there is no Mist class sea-coast li.uht nil '!ian I'i^i'on Point, llflyei;,dil miles to the noriliwoi, and I'uini Piedias I'.lancas, lifly miles 'II" -iiiitheasi. .\| the point selected, the l.i.L:ht will be about one hniidi'ed and twenty feet '"^' i II' water and be \ isible close under the north and siiilh slinrcs. .III ? ':'i .13, r ' ' r ■>: i r :J m ^ 1^1 t ; mf ■ lili iF i^n ■ U : M lift m VMW-IC (OAST PILOT. Tlic },'(M>j;rii|ilii('iil position of tlio I,ij;lil iiouso is— i.aiilniU'. I.(>n;;ilinli' 0\. in linn :if, 1- H' nrlli IJI r.l (1-^ '.» «csl. Ill tlic jKisitio!! of tilt' Siir, ViziMino's cliiirt lius a sli^jlit iMojcrtioii to imliriiti' tliis iiof:ililc fi;ii lire, witli the I('y:('ii(l "I'oiiit iipjH-iiriiis,' Iliu' :iii islinul." In Ins iuiimIIvc Ik- savs llic lii;,'li inoiiiit aiiis four Icajiiics south of Caniiclo ISav arc llic landfall wliicli sliips tVoiii llic l'lii!i|)|iin(' IslamU usually iiiailc. (lfi(CJ.) Vancouver, in iiassiiifi down tln> coast in IT'.!.!, tlioiijilil this •• small, liiiili, rockv liiiiti) of I.iihI, l.viii}; iicailv lialf a mile from tlic sliorc," was dcladicd and lliat :t loriiicd an island. I'oil Iic;,m\i' if no name. The point received Its name from the Mexican j:raiit of land emluacin;; it. whicli is kiir Kl Si I hep Soiniitiiiiis III}' the Siif tmranis llii' SiDitlnrrst. — Two liiii's of dee]) se.'l soiindiii;,'s wivr n hroad oil tlie coast, under the llaiik of the Sierra Santa I.iicia. 1p\ the I'. .S. steamer 7 IST.i. \Ve note here the first line which was riiii on the L'llli anil '_'.''th of Deceinlier; llsniriiiii Ml Mil. rtliurt' l.,ililu.l.' I.nli;:iln-.' ."•! I.I :i.'i li Il.iiil -ra.xi^li lilaiU «.iiiil. 1.-U V'l 3'l :i Cmvi'iihIi iiiiiil una •ami. l,U.ir> .'i5 a :t;).7 (lunil^li niml. This line of soiimlii is iieaih at ri"ht aiiL'les to tin if the Sieriii .Siiita Lucia, an depth of the iilaleaii of tlie I'.icilic ( (ccaii at two thousaml f.iihoins, d shore, is coliliriiied liy the two series of soilli(lill;;s to the imrlh and lo tl l.vtiint siNt.vtwo miles 111. Ill null. Ihip sill Suiiiiiliiiiis III/ llic Siir Iniiiiiil till \Vixl.—{)i\ tlie L'lsl and 'J-d I »ei-. iiilier, l.ST.'i, the I .steamer Tiisniiuni ran a line of sounding's inshore Irom the pl.iieaii of the I'.icilic towaiil- northern end of the .Sjcna .S.mta I, iici.i, striking the co.ist line heiuicn I'oiiit Siir and C.ii Point. The tollowiii;; t.llile ;:i\es the po.-ilioiis, depths, etc.. uf.Meh soiindili;,'. Iiintiiii ,' Iniiiiilir l.iiiiiiiil. I,,ini:iiii.l.' li.ptli Mliori' III .11 lltllOl. U|-:il. Lull. .111.1 Cm iiif 1. TJ :iii ■-'.■i l-.'J I'l 10 :ni -X I ■.''.' cm 'jM :ii; -.'(1 r_".' :ii 01 30 :i;; ij:; 11 SllH-i,, 11.11 I'h.ir.H tl I III il III. III! liniMi'li l.l.i. I; -:ii>,l. iri'i'iiihli iiiiiil \i till hi, I. k siiiiit. .'il.ii :ii.ii Oii'i'iiiHli iiiiiii .M.o x\.:\ iliii'iiinh iiiiiil. mil HI M 121 :i7 :iii ;!T iLM r>fl It will thus lie seen that the plateau id' the I'acilic was found alioiit seventy ei;,'ht miles li 'ul off the coast of Point .Xfio Niievo. It is a curious tact that the sotindini: whicli rcaclinl \\u u one hiindicd and tcnii f.iihciins is within two o\- three miles of one of the assi;;iied |ii)siliiiii> hI iIh' \i tula Shoal, with a coriolioratin;; sound in;; of twenty one hundred and si\i,\ ei;.'lit fithnm^ i i ^n (jr twelve miles to the northwest and ne.ir another repoited position of the same shoal. /'leis. hii "1 them ai'c inside the line lietweeii the points, I''roni the miii r limit of the .Sur to the exiii m ' . of Point Cypress, which foiins the northwest point ol Carmcl \',.\\ ami is the fiiitliest point v • il''. the distil nee is seven I cell miles ;iiid llic hciii in;r north thirl.v de;;lccs west ( N, .'!tl ' \V.). pass::- ' '.^ close to \\ lialei's li'ock. otf the south ol Ciiiinel iiav. at thirteen miles. I'Aciirr COAST rii.oT. kl mir ' iiirt MM I Tin- liifjii tnoimlaiiis closo Ix'liimi llif slmic line liry:iii to (Irrlinc in elevation as tlit'v arc lol- i imrlliwanl iiiilil they are eiit liv the valley of IheCannel Kiver. They are mostly eoveicd • I liapai ral anil pine, the hitter very thick in tin' ;;nlrhes. The water is very \uM alnn;; this stieteh of tin' coast. The tell fatlmni line is never nnne than il of a mile from tin- shore, ami the t\vent,\ lallmm line aliont twothixlsot a nnle; thenc*^ nl the liottiini is ijiiile re;;nhir, iin'reasin;: in .|iore. 'riiere are no known hiihleii (laii;,'eis olV this short stretch of eoaNt. lint the fol- low ': |Miiiits, rocks, ami locky islets are noted: rill \'iittiini h'liiLx. — These are two inoilerately hi;;li roi ky islets l.xiii;; two ami one fifth miles iiiii'i lupilliwest (N'NU',, Iroin I'oiiit Siir. anil harely Iialf a mile olV the shoie. They lie north- «i>i .mil southeast (NW. anil SI'', ) from each other, ami the southeast one, which is lifty .\arils in cxli III, is the laifier. There is ten to liftecn filhonis close aroiiinl them ami ilee|) water. I-mi to iHrlw lathoms inshore, excepr on the siniLin ruck which lies one hnmlrcil ami ninety yanls north iM.vl i\Mi thirils east ( Nl'. rj K.) from the liiy;hi'st part of the small iioilhern rock. Tliiee ipiartei's of a mile mnlh northwest iN\\\'.) of the \ cntiira Ifoeks a line of rocks anil rui'kv islets liej^ins close iiniler I'lat Point ami runs for a mile ami a half parallel with the coast- line :iiiil (inly four or li\e hnmlieil yanls from it, with ten fathoms alon;^ their outer limit ; thence iiiii!li«:iril the ten t'athom line is close inshore. Ill April, \^'i\, the steamer \'iiitiini, haviiiir taken her ilepailnie from Point ATio Xnevn, vtni. \- ii|Min the \"eiitiiia KiM'ks in thick weather, ami was stramleil one mile lo the sonlheast w ani iiiiilii the rocky point about halfway to ihe Snr; hence their name, S.ihii-iiiiis I'liint, cijjhl and a half miles northwestward from the Siir, is not a pioinineiit pro- lirtiiiii, as it hardly hreaks the ;;eiieral outline of the coast, Init it is known liy the iscphitnl hillock, I«ci li'iiidred feet hi};h,Jiist inside the shore line, with a liare, j;rassy lid^rc liehiml it lisiii;; looMr M\!<< II hundred feet. OlV the south jiart of the point, aliont two hiimlied anil thirty xardsolf slinif, iiid half a mile .southeast (Sl-l ) fioiii Ihe miter Piedias I. olios, is a luiab with ten fathoms liisc niil>ide, ( iiH' mile south lit' ceil dej;rees east (S. lo i;,) fioin Solieraiies Point and over half a mile liroad nil >lnii>'. is a iiatch of lii'oki'ii ^'ronnd almost a quarter of a mile in extent within Ihe ten lathoiii liir . file least water found in it is six and three i|iiarti'rs fathoms, liiit tlicic may be less. Close mil side 111 It there is a depth of from eh' veil lo ihiiteeii fathoms, and bet wee nit and the shore from Ihiilirii lo ii;tlitei'ii fallioiiis. The locality has not been niiniilcly examined. I'!r,liiis ill' lux Luliii.s. — This clnsier of two principal rocky islets and three small rocks lies .liiciiit h:iir a mile north ot' Solieiiiiics Point and nine miles north t wciity ei^^lil ibj^ices west \\.) Iiipiii the .Snr. There is broken ;'rouiid between them and the n icKs eiosc nmlcr tin |>niii:. .mil al least one Innthir in the passage, but outside, the depth is twenty I'alhoins close lo iluiii. No kelp is laid ilow n about them, but it may exist in fa voi.ible seasons. \'inl(t I'liinl. — Th.s ])oiiit is two and one sixth miles northwf.sl by norlli (NW. by N.) from the I'inli.i- lie lo> l.obos, and one and two thirds miles soittlieast by south (.SI''.. b\ .S.i IVoiii the outer \\iii''! KiM'k at the south point of ('ariiiel Hay. It is somewhat piomiiieiil, beeanse Ihe slioie rilir.ii> eastward both south .iiid inuth of it. The el ill's of ihe point are about one hundred feel li;;li. Miv lai'L'eiKand eloselv bordered b\ inaiiv n The surface of the risiii'' land inside the p'Miii ,- iiipi timbered for one third of a mile: then pine and oak eoxcr the middle liei<;ht of the iii'iiiiii.un side. on \ankee Point the soiiiidiii;:s are bold, but the botioin is badlv broken to the iiorlhwesl. nitli ■II fathoms the least water found. The thirl\ fathom curve is half a n .tV hole: till l!U\ l.i;leiii\ cui\e is one mile; the seveiitylalhoin ciirvc is three miles, and the eiuhtyl'athom luive is iiiiii' null's otV .shore. N'oilh of this is a deep submarine valley hcreafler desciibed. 1 '"'.'( /'iii;i/ Uniil.ir. — This il,iii;;er lies one and li\e sixths miles north liiiily li\e decrees West \ .,;.", W.) from the Piedias de los I.obos, and Just inside the ten fathom cui\e. It is one 'l'''"i'i "I a laile o(V shore, and only oneliflh of a mile inside the line from Ihe Snr to Point (')|iri ... !!• iiiltiiii'x /,((hi/im;/.— It is reported that a chute landin.i.'. known as Ilamilloii's l.andin;,', has liivii I.! ill out from the shore just lotlie northward of the Venliiia Uocks. .\ saw null with a '■i|iiii:\ n| iwehe ihoii.sand feet of lumber per day has been erected there, and lumber , mil I. iii iMik .si. Plied Iheiice. I '; 1.1 l;58 PAC'II'IC CoAsr IMI.ol'. CARMKl. HAY. I' •*: iSi b I This is tlic liroad.oiw'ii buy llrst in;iil(' tiiirtfi'ii iiiiirs iiiiitli\v;ui! of tlic Siir, iiiid Iviii;; ti miles soiitliwiinl 111' I'oiiil. I'iiius. It is icadilN »lisliii;;iiisliril linii aid liciMlIM' I lie rii'vl til' iiuiuiitaiiis, wliicli lias bi-cii iiiiliiiikcii rnuii near I'it' I'ljaiica.s, ImaKs dow n lit'liiini HiinI. ami ;;iv('s |iassay:c wav In tin' Caiiiu'l llivci'. Till- l>a> lies liciwccii I'oiiil C.s |iit'>s. rnrmiiij: llic iioi Iliwoi |i(iiiii,aiid I'liiiiM 'ai iiirl, \v lii.; lilt' (<(>illli\vi'sl |iiiiiil. lictwi'i'ii lliisc Iwo |iii|iii> till' l>a.\ is liiiti' ami m\ en ii;;iil lis iiiiifs m n. ,. allliiiii;;li flint laclfil aliuiit a mili' by Timl'fi I'niiit. l\iii;,' iif,iil> MiiilliiM>t rmiii I'liiiit ('\jiii v. I'liilii llif lilif jiiiiiili^ tilt' two imilils. till' ;;lfati'>l li rt'>>iiiii ul tin' >li(iif In I lir fast u aid i-^ I ^' n iiiilos in lilt' mii'tlii'ast I'uM'and tmr and si'M'ii liulitli-i milt -^ in tin' sunllii'ast aii;:li' til' tlir K i Till' rasti'iii slum' nl' llif ba\ Is twn and a i|iiaitiT iiiilt's Inii;; .iliniil iitHtli by wi'.st liall vi^i (N. by \V. A \\'.|. Willi I'tnniiaial i\ I'ly Inw tiilV>. Twn lliiids nl' a milt' iinilli norlliwist (NNW., rriiiii till' SDiitlii'ast aii;;lt' tif tin' bay. tin' ('aiint'l l{i\t'r* iltbiiiiflifs into llit' bay lliiiiii;;li a mmiili abiiiit tint' liiimlri'd yards ai'iiiss, ami in llir fMii'im' stmiln'ast |i;iit ii|ii'ns a small stitMin t:i l.il tilt' San diisf ( 'iffk. Till' ia>tt'in sljon's fni' a iiiiaitir nf a mill' lunk aif tlf-^liliiti' nl' Inr^. imi I li Ill's ami oaUs thi'iifi' fii\ it tlif ^n-alrr pat t nt tlif siii I'aii'. I 'ill lit (iiiiiii I.' — This is tilt' Ml 11 til w I si I mill I 111' ( at int'l l!ay nnd is Infaliy Uimw n In llii' w li.ilr; ~ and iillii'i's as I'niiit I,iibus. It is ;i wry iMi';;iikii. Ja^i^^id |iiiiiit ul' imK. iit'ai l\ oiii' lininli. .1 i. . ^ liiudi.witli iiiimt'iiiiis Mirks fliisi' iimliT llif ililVs, sf\ rial nii'k,\ Isifis ni'arl\ uiir ihinl nl a milr .n. and niii' biiMki'i' half a mili' nil'. Tin' fxtifinit.\ nC llii- pniiit is s|iaisfl\ fiiM'U'd willi pim' linv. iiiitl halt' a milt' iiisidt' is a rnt'ky liillni'k, kmiwii :is Wlialri's Kmiil, wlirmr a Innknnt I'm wli;ili> is ki'pt. Iiisidi' 111' Wlialfi's Knnll tin' pines cnvt'i llii' .siiil'aei' uill up the mniiiitiiiii side. Ihliii/irs III)' I'uint ('iiniiil. — These aie. as t';il' as kniiwii, with niie exeeptiiili. all \ isilile imU, and eunsist nl' seveial enmpail fliisteistil' loeks ami rneky islets kimw n as the Whaler lineks, |\ :ii^' abnlit hall' a mile I'rnm .smith in snllthstiiilliwe.st (rrom S. tn SSW .>iii the e\lleliiil\ nf Ihi' ).. ! 1. The niie sunken rnek lies alitiiil three hiindred yanis snuth sn of these eliislers. itln.ist ;SSI",.) rnim I le niiti'i iii"-t , I'liiiit Ti/y;)-, .\.s.t_Tiiis is the iinithwest iinini nrCaiiiitd llaN.aiid is a ftimiiaiatlvel V IllU . 1'mIiV pnint stretiliin^ mit nearly two miles beyom d till' ^/eiii'ial Iriiid nf the cnasl. The elill's air sli and a ;;reat iiilliiher of rneks lie tliise mid el llielii. w hilst a few si If I eh iillt nlielil'tli nf a in I If 1 U)| pnint is enveifil by a tielise ;,'iiiwlh nl Mniiterey express enmin;; ilnw n ni'all.\ tn tlif e\tlfii : if] the eapf, and Inwards the lia,\ tlif.\ leaeh the til;:e nl the ilills at 'I'lmbtr i'niiit and I'fsf. I'niiit. Tlif ilppf r bi aiifhfs iit tlif f \ piiss Iri'fs are spread mil li\ tlif iiitliieiief nf t lif si rnii^. | m . \ ail in;; w imls and |ireseiit a llal nr iimbit Ua dike appea ranee; their tin iiivs are ;:nailed and d Till land behind ii.'4es tn seVf i a! hnmlrftl ffft flevatinii ami is tleiisely wnndetl. The ;,'i'iiura|iliifal piisitinii nf I'niiit Cypress, as tleteriiiined !i\ the \' . S. <'nast and ( 8iir\i'V. is: I oiii lid Liitliiulr ;ii; Ln|if;i!ililc Ol. in lillK IJI ■■I II ,- ll.Tlll .l-.'.l. From I'niiit ('y]iiess we have the I'nllnwiii;; beaiiii;:s and tlistanees to pinmiiienl p Pollil Sll 1... ili'-t.iiil ll'ij mil I'liiiit I'iiins N. I:; i; . ilisiani t mile I'.riiil .\n.i N Ili'Vd iil^W liiMl.' \ II W ., .hsiaiil -.W.i mil The tlistaiiee to I'niiit J'ietlras I'llaneas is sivly sfveii miles, but the ]ininls are mil iniii \ : 'ill Cyiirixs linrh. a small roek, fully yards in ixtfiit. lifs tliiff hiiiidrfd and Ihiil.s .\aii|s i itf west by west (N\V. by W.) fimn the eMiemily nl I'nint < xpiiss. Smilh nf it lies a MiiiLr (j whifh i: de.serilied belnw ainoli;; the hidden tlali;.;t'rs. 'riiiiliir /'iiint lies niie mile .sniilheast (SI",.) from I'nini Cypress. It is a very sli;;hll,\ roekv el HI. enverei 1 wit I e\ iiress In the ed^^e, and bortlend by rneks i-lose under 'I. I'rsciiili III I'liiiit lies twii mill's sniitli sixlv. seven and a half ileL'ri'fs east O. IITI 1 Point Cypress, but they aif iint inii ivisilile mi afeimiit nl'Ti I'nini. The slinlf lillf ll' i'"il • IJio Cannc'ln was tin- naiin' a|p|iliril tii this slnaiii !■> Vi/iaum in li.ri'mlii r. IDii','. tOii llii' Ilia S|.aii 'll ili.iil.s I'linia il<- Iiih I.hImis. ! Ill Ilaliviii|il.'s ciipy lit till- skil.li nf Miiiili'ivv Ilav l.v linn .Ins.f Tnliar > ram.iri/ In' ralN tliis I'niiil eviili'iitly It iiiiitakf (or I'miit Ci|)if.'^*' Jh^'^^^'"'-^'. ^'■""j' /]^ r'h. Wliiti! riiL'k Tw.i Trt'i'!.. 1,9(10 fret a.i K., 12 milt H. ^• Kiu k. N. hy W. 4 \V., Hj miles J'..liil Lyprriw. C'yiJitim liL'cg. Rocky cliifs. ■ r"' ■ T ♦- ■•"r^.^'^--,^. ,..,4^-.,..-:..^,„,, I'oint (.'ypreHN, SK, l>y S. i S,, 4 nnltw. 'I'Uf (Sur. Cypross Kook. I »?H!STI'B!!WHW '^0 5«1 .<•:' r i ('yiiiiss is o^v 'II ;i I hr IIMT 'I ; 1 ,t|.|i I H-l l\illl S |. I, ,V|.s| :- 111,11 L \ /l/'<(/; (!fi r'lillirl II ii.' ill L;i'ri I'.s. ,,1,TM I \ hn;il ii.i.. i'lijiit It .I'l I II ''Vi' i ^iilc, ii I'l-ii. Ihc t' n.'Mi ilir pi »!i li'li-; Nl;i Till' iiiii iir. At-i- llf -i n'l iilM;,' 111 llli' |;:ir .liiiiii;; ,1 l'lii-/.i' IVii Siilniini I- III It llClll I '^ii initiilrci I'll I'lrl \Mll I !i: '■ I- ii Hill, i-'ii ■ '■ Ml till- I' ■-: f.iriih 'I' . ri> »|'.s ' ''>.M:K the ' ■ i'l -I'lllfl ■ •' 'iii-i |ia ' ■■ '!!'■ Ihllli I "• \,lll. ■ ■ 1. 11' mil ' ■ ' m|- I, . ' '•' UlllCI '■■ ' ! ii\ r.i -•''■' 11' iiii !.. illf 1 >•"',-, iiiiy n| I" ' ! "II |>,l i ill' Ml-, 111 •.. 1 II III ,., Miff til H w* rACII'lC (■>).\ST IMI.oT. 130 ('y]ii. --: IS (Iciiscly wodilcd (() tin' vt\<^f of I he clin's, iiiid ;,'ii;n(l('il liy ninny snnill idcks. Tlir \w\i\i i-i«i . ii .1 1(M''k.\ iilnlV 111 (inc liumlrrcl reel. In a K'^tiicli'il .sense I lii.s |i()int nii;;lil lie (■ons'idcii'd ill, iiiiT iiiirtli pitini 111' ( ,11 iiiel Hay. i lie hidilvil ihtr II rx (ilV llie>e |iiiliits all" as t'nildws: ; I .i|i|iri)ifliiiiu: » 'aniiel r.,i\ Irnin llie ikhi liw ,cnl, eare slimilil he taken tu a\(iiil tliesiiiiKen I , > illi si\ lee I 111 w.lei- 11 1 Mill it. a in I inai Ued liy a Ineaker, u lihli lies I luce iiiindieil .ind lliilty .■ I' wesi (Viiin i'ninl < '\ |iies>, and I wn liiimlieil ,ind i i;;lity .\ aids sunlli I'm mi < '> pres-i l.'oiU. w liieli I- ' 111,11 k 111 liii' ale il. Tliele is a de|itll ul' tin ralllnliis elnse (illlsiile iij' it. \ /,)•<<(/,./• Willi tell I'eet (if uatel oil tile sMlii>en link lies iialfw.lV lirtweell i'liilit ('\|iress ;iiii| I'liiliei' I'liint and a iinarter iil' a mile ntV slime. I'nnii ('\|iiess l.'uik il hears smiili t\venl\- leiie ,i, -rees east . S. !'!• I",, i distant t u ii I Imds iil' a in lie; il lies tin 1 lie iaii;;e nl' 'i'lnilier I'ninl and I',-., ..Iilii roiiit. i'liere is deep Water aiiHind it. \ //)■(((/,(/• Willi deep water ariiiiiid il lies iie;;il.\ liall'wa.N liei ween 'riinher I'liint and Pcsea il,i., I'liint and a liltle over li,iir a mile Itiiiii shme. I'liere is a depth nl' lil'ieen ratluuns inside nl' It .I'l I ileep w.llel nlipiies In the sliiire. St ra;^j;ll II U' kelp is riillhd oill>lile. [i hes ,1111' and iiiie llnrl iii les sniilli liirlv lw,i decrees eas| , S. Il' I",.) rrdlii I'liiiit Cypress, :l||i) I '.' n til I Ills ,il' ,1 mil,' >'iir 11 sixly lliri'i- dl';,'lees we>t (,S. tl.; ' \V. ) t'liiin rese.iderii i'nilit. .1 ,(, //'i)(r,/c ill Ciiniiil liiiii. — Till' inirtli aiielinia;' • in the hay, east ul' rescadeiu "uiiit. is liiaik'd hy very I'mil urnillid. rneky i-.le|s, and sti a;:i;lili_' lielp tu llie e.i--lwaiil. I'.ill il is icpdiled til. i: Vessels |. iiiiuiii^- the liii'.il peeilliaiities of Ihepl.iee lilid I his I he liet ler a liehol .1 j^e. The old ;iiiilinra„'e w.is 111 the siiiitlieast pail of tlir lia\, iii a coNe ahoiit lialf wa\ lietwcen i'oiiil (aniicl .III, I iiir > lithe. (St aii;rh' of the li.iy. This cove is in pari foinied \i\ loeks ;ini| a r,iik\ islet on tin' n,' I -i,le, and li> rocks on the cistern siile, alth'iilL;h a depth of li\e .iihI si\ f.ilhoiiis i> found iiisi,li' till' two maiiilainl puiiils. wliieli are only three liiindred \aids apart. It i> piiils pioteeteil III, Ml l!ie iirevail'ii;,' suiiiiiier winds liy Whaler's Knoll. This cove was irrineilv oeeiipied as a « li li'li;;' sl.il lot ," ilie northwest swell does not roll into this part of the hay so iinieli as would he ('\)ieeled, liii ,i(iM' of the exisleiiee of the \eiA deep w alel that is found in the head ol the siihiiiai ilie \ alley ■:ii'iiliilij,' 111 here. Ill the w inter, tlillilin' soiil hells weal he r, I he sw ell sets into ( 'ai niel i',a\ Ml \ lie,i\ ily at t lines. !; I' iluiiii;; thai season, W hen 1 he \( eat her is plea -unl, l he sin \ , \ inj; sleaniel al w .i\ s \pel ieined I I'lnve fl'oni the northward and e,i>lw.ir,| lilowin;.' oni of the lia\ in the eail\ iiioi iiiii;:. ^'■Inliiiriitr \'iitliil one ipi.ii ler of a mile. The I w o hnmlred fatlioin 1 , isoii!\ twelve hiiinlied \ards north 111 I'oini (aiiiiel. The I w o liiimlieil ami lift> lailiom 1- ;; • ,il this \ ,il||,\ lie.ids at ,1 posilion less t hail one Inile iiorl h siM \ de;;iees w est ( N, lltl W . Iioiii I' ' ■ I'.iriiu'l, ami I hi' three li iindied f.ilhoin eiiiM'. one and one i|U.ii ter miles north i i;:lil s ilnee ■ ' s west ( *:. .S,; ' W I froai I he s.iiiie. There is a seeoml.ii ,\ headiiiL: ol this siilniiai me \ alley ' -s ihi' iiorihe.is' e.ive of tin' li,i\ , so t hat the t Weill \ li\ e l.illiom eiirve is within li.ill a mi If i ' -,' nleio I'oinl, and llieoiie Inindred fathoin w ithiii tliiee ipiaileis ol a mile. .\ lliiid Inam h lis parallel w ilh t lie oilier shore of I'oint ( '.ii inel, and the I w o hiimli eil l.il Imiii soiimliiius tiille Mintliwesi |i\ we-t (SW, |i\ \\'.| fioiii Whaler Iv'oeks. llie ollli 1 pal I of ihls sllli v.ilh'y, fiiiiii llii,'e hiiiiilied to three linndred aiidliftv t.il hums d, ep. appi ,ii s lo emiie in •u ae iliil thwi'Sl li> lioilh (NW. Ii\ \\ . , pai.lliel wil II t he ;.;eliel al tr,lli|iil iheshoii', \\iliia ■ "f less than Inllf .l ll.llr lietweell the three llllliilled l.ltiinm lines: iiiid It then illlMs to ihe -l!i,Ms| , f'.N I:. ,, parallel with thes.nilh shore of Cillliel \\.\\ . 'Ike shalpesl ilescelil is \ I'ltlioiiis 1 11 fi,iii hiindied and se\ eiit \ li\ e fathoms in two I hmls of ,i mile, or two I hmi' I' liiindi 'li and lill\ feet in three thoiisand live hnndled ,ini| ti\eiil\ feel. 'ilie lioilhe.isl p.il I of t '.ii mel I!, is. liieli II p oil I he shin e. Is foil ml ,1 1,1 r:,e ileposi I ot' sail,| '•'i- liny of alimist pure silie.i, v.iln.ihle for the mannl.iel me of ;;l,iss. I'liis w.is loiiiieil\ lians '■'' ' oil pack III II les to Miintelev , and shipped the nee to S. I II I'ranelsio, ' K' Nlls.siiin del r.iriiii lo Is >ii ii.iieil lull ,i short disi.iiiee In ill I I he shores ol the li.iv , and eaii III lelt.iiii dileeiioiis tioiii the w.ilir when passin;,; or eiileiin;; the li,i\. 'I Ihe ,iliolislimenl of the .SoeietN of .lesus III l.inver Cillforiiia liy llie 1 liiipelol I li,i i les '.Sit .Si'allllil, Ill's .Miirair M.lllll 111,' .N,,llll»isl CiKlsl 111 .Viurnril. M tj i, ,;"i R i %\ u. n l«iiiniiiii';ui ami uf till' |ii'ii|M'il\ lo ilic l"i, incite, 111 m (Hilfi. ill ■'nil . I TtW, iliT. till' \isit,lil(il' Uoii .Iiisi'l' ill' (i;il\i'S. of tin \ i>iti'il Sail I >ii'mi an 1 Mci|it('lr\ till- llir I'lll'linM' nl' r.st:illli.«.liill;: liii-.o..ii-. li' .Mii|lti-lr\ . liiiu K^lialK falli-il till' (.11 M, I On till' ^lil .liini'. 1770. lir I'l.iiinliil ilial nl San Callus i Mis.sidii. * I'liliit Ciipiiss 1,1 I'liiiit /'/t(ii\. — The distaiii'i' t'liiiii Poml ( \\ pii'ss in I'miil Piiios is loiii !!■ , .. ami the Itrarinu iinrlli tliiili'i'i lii'^ici's rast ^N. I'! V..). Tlu' slimr linr is iiiail\ ,stiait;hl, iinl is loinii'il i>r liiw. rocky clitls rhiscly li.iiiii'liil \<\ niikiII lucks. 'I'lii' lii.c nl" liiiilicr talis iiacl> i tic ihinl of a mill' riiun the shnic ami i he c\ prc-s ^iws place lo liic |iiiic, 'i'lic hci-hl of the ili'crcascs ton a Ills I 'oi lit i'llios. ami s.iini ilniics inai k I lie mii liiciii |>ai i. I'liese lii-li. « Inle a ilmii's arc i|iiitt' ('oiis|iiciioiis, i'\ en by nioonli^lit. contrastcil with the Mack fonsis licliiiiil ilnii riiiiiiniil Point. — 'I'lic line joiniiiLT the I uo poiiits jia.--M- umt the sll^litlx iHnjeetin;; I'\ i i -.1 I'oinl. whicli lies ha It' u .IV liel Ween t h licic aic I \M> hall' mile low water saiiil lieac! just liDltlieasi ol' ruaiiiiil Pmn!. /*((»(/' i<. — No liiiMeii ilanm'is are know n oil ' ne sh iec\cc|ii .i ^iiiikeii rock one i|uai ii iiile iiortli 1>\ wc^l (N.li\ W j iVoin l*\iainiil roin!. am) thlee ijllalters miles iioilli iliiai^ci-- ca •I iX. ' i:, I'loiii roiiii «■ Then is a I'ltii iiirlii jiiitih t w o hiiiiilied an foul uiimml ami: anil ' liicc i|ii.iilciN lalhoiiis. Slrauulin;: Kelp in I en lo Ilm Iceii lal hoins is Ion ml hall' a mi!. side the po:i;t. 'i'lie kelp line i^ iiol coin iniioiis alon^' this shore, lull is loiiinl j;eiieiall\ in small palcho r.< to ll'.ltceii t'a! li'Mcs of w aler. The leii fathom line is less than half a mile otV shore and iieai ly iiiiilorinly disi.int. A mile till' deplli is tweiitv five t.iihoiiis: at iu.:"iiles ii is tilt\ lalhoiiis, and al tliiii'ini:i- se\elll\ ll\e lalhoms, 8iir). •r the deep sea solimllll ill this pail ul' Ihe co.ist sec pa^;e I- ■•« I 1 1 I'OINT IMNOS. This pMiJnt is the liortlit'i'ii terniinatioii of llie Ion;,'' and tlcvated riiii;;e, named the Siei . S.iiita laicia. which liscs to a hei;;lit of loity tour Inindied and .sc\entecii led at Moiiiil ( i . siMccii miles to I he soiithu aid ; and s!\ llioiis.ind lecl al Ihi peak of Saul t l.ncia. Tail tin i is liioKcn Ihioiiuli li\ the (aiinel iJivci ; amll>in;,' liack ol I'olnt ( '\ pn ss and I'oini I'liie- compaiati\ely low isol.ited mountain mass formiiiL; thei'Mieme eml of the mouniains. This i el II I'M iciiiity of the ian;:i' is dciiselv cn\ cnil w il h pines, w Inch c'cie w il Inn a ipiai Icr or one I hail of a mile of the shore. The e\l i cine ponil in.iKe^ oijt low . lock \ , ami il le^nlai l.\ I oiindin;:, " illi \ isihle iiirks rc.iclnii'.: oiii f. r a ipi.irtcr of a mil Inside the shore line the land Liradii lll> S,n]ll Upward lo the edi:eof the |o|is|. '{'he open I .order is eclicr.illv ^;i.iss co\eied to the eastw.uil, witli sandy palchcs and dniies in ijie sonlh\\aiil. Hell 'lid tins point the coa^l line continues mcks and linns sharply lo I lie e.ist soii'Im . for three mile- to the li.irlior of Monterey, wheiiei' ii sand lieaeli of maiiv miles fiends si the nortlnvaid as herealier des.i ilicd. Hcliiiid this sand lie.idi are liroad, e.\lcnsi\e uiidul.itiiii: eoimtry to the eastward, will dncctioiiH. These physic, il ciuidiiioiis make Point i'nios a noialile ,iiid casil\ recoum/ed hindmai I seen I'loin Ihc llorlhwesl. however, il is piojcelcd a^.iilis| t he liijjlier masses of t lie Sii p liic xvcslwaid Is Ihc lalcial pn^li of Ihc mo ow Is in;.' I.iixl - . I nianv 1 1 iliiitaiv \,ille\s eomiiiL' In In iaici.i, whilst thcjultili- oiii of the land I III !• ii\. iliiliili;.|ie.lili.iii ulii. Il leCi .s.,11 1),,^,, .||||\ II, i:r,;i I, r..ii s.iii I l.llHI^ri) M.l- I liini .ilt.r irailiiti^ ll.iir M Ilav, ami. failinu' m r j; III riiiiniii/e llir liarliiii' III' .Mniilcli'V , ri"itiil a l.o ^. rriisM 111! till' ,1)111 II hill,. I. r Pi, Hit I'liiiiH III iitirait llie alliiilinii ul lln i n|)ii1iIiiiii i uiiiiti^ liy ^la. iIiiIIh .. rut till. Il ;;iiiil, "111)' al I lie I', ml ul' lliii a ml Miii will liii'l a wnliii);, ' wliiili w -.xn an arrui Ml nl' llii ii i \! I'alllir ( lis|,i -|\M "I'lii^ II,,., w;i. ,1,., I, it nil a hull' llilllllk lIllKl. Ill llu- tiiai h nr Hie Ml, all liarlini en I ""- " ■ ' 'II '111- "'111 r si,l.. „( tile iiiijiil " llii.y iTi'ili'il aiiiilliiT inw-. with the i-ai veil l>..;i i lie 111' i'liMll P iMilaliil .•xiieilllim, linii, San Kieuu ntmiMii rnuii Hum |ilaiellie '.Mil Uiii iiiliiT, ITli'.l, II i'\ iili.|,ll\ I'aiini i I'.iv, hIiiiIi |'.iili,.r(' Till I'nint PiMis ami I'.iiiil Cxiui-.v.,. Uui Hid ' uIIht snle ii( Hii ji'init l-.|i| lalli'l llli. Illli .1 lie Ins I'liiiiH ; p,,l|il I'i linH is I III' W iliile |l, the 1 ail llnl lie liiialiil; it lllllil lie Hie lilil' Tl,:s is iil;;i ..I liie ; ln.|;;liL -111111 ;;n>illi.l Til liljlll llillll SII ritiiii Miiiih s '•|s| ,>. s.s niiliiiai \ eh iiy. 1: ^ ,.'()" 1 I..1I "r, T le |iirim ■\ : 11 ihls s Ill till e.lst 1 ,ll.t es 1' 11 III yea mil I'll rill' I'lii. .S-iii I'liii l'i«. S.iii 11- ilisia Imi 111 > arn i I'liiii Nf to pass \ ' ■ 1 1; ichixlli ' ipi.irl 1 m;:.- Iloll 1 lllsl, Oilli Ann riHu I'.iiii . lildiN IS pi; li.lVl) lll\i'_ |10n|; 1 l..\ t hen ■ I'll :!» I SI r\(II'I(' CuAsT I'll.oT, 1 11 PiMii ~'ii- I'liiiil riims rioiii lliis (lirt'ctioii wuiilil lie iiHlistiii;,'iiisli;iltl(' luit (or l>i'iii;r iiiMilifilhy |,m -I 111 illllirs Willi iliirU liillil III! cillifi' sjili'. IT tluTc is :•. ii;i/c in llic ( 'illiiU'l ;;:i|>, tlic piltc i-iivri I piiiiit l |iriiiiiiiii'iill.v :iiii| phiiiily. // iiiifirniihji. — 'I'lii' liiii" III' llncc l':itlii»iiis drptli cxtciiils inMily IkiIT m iiiilr oiitsidr I'uiiit Pi:i.. wln'ii 111!' ili'|illi Niiiliii'iil\ iiiiTciiscs 1(1 ten or liltccii I'mIIioiiis, iiiiiI at (Uic iiiili- rriiclics I'orlv ,,; ini ■, iivt> liilliDiiis. 'I'lif llii'ci' t'allioin liiu' I'lillows t lir slioii' v\ itliin 11 tliird or liiill' a mile into M,,i,;, .\ 11.11 liiir. wliilst Kiilsiiii of tliMt line llic ilcptli iiinrnsi's as .siiddfiilN a.s oil' tlii' i»iiiit. \, ^v, - ^liiiiild always j;i\c rniiil I'iims a j;iiiiil licrlli. as a vri> liia\y wcsicily swell almost iiiva i!.ii.|\ ^rts upon it. I'diM riNiis i.iiiii r iiitrsK. Ii > IS a st'coiidaiy sea ' oast li;,'lit, .sitiialt'il upon tin! nori liwcslci n pait id' Point I'inos.at tlic ,ii^r .1 ilic ;;iovvll; ui' plin's. Tlic Imildin;;' is a };iay, niaiiilf d wclliii;;. one and a halt' sloi jcs in |,ii;;lii. -iiniionnlid l>.\ a iKimd, uliiic inun and black lantern, wliirli is tliirtytivc I'c/'l above the ;;iiiiiii'l. The idiiininauii;; appir.iliis isot'the tliiid order ol I'lesiiel, and shows a _//.(('/ irliilr liji/iMiHiii siiiix't to Miniise. Il illnininales t u o linndied ami eiuhts 'ij^lit de;:iees ot' the iimi/on, t'liiin ^I'liili .si\Ieeii deniees e.i.st (S. Hi Iv i rniiiid li\ west ami iiorlli losmitli ei::hly ei;,'lit di'(;rees .•l^l >. >s !'..)• Tin' loial plane is ele\ated niiielyone I'eet ahove the le\el of the sea, and with iiiili!i;ii\ i'leai'lies.s ol' tiie allnospheie the li;;ht should he seen I'ldin a heij;lit (d' III frrt lit till' ill'-lMlli I' nl I l.ll lllilrs. ■JO C'rct at till' ili>la]ii .■ Ill' lii.l riiilrs. :ill I'c I'f ilt till' (li»t:ilii.' ..I IT.-.' iiiiliM. In ■o;;raplii('al iio>ith>n. as detei mined ii,\ the Coast and deoiletie Sni'vey, is: L.iiiiiiMi' ;;i' :iT ..i •- ni.iili. I,nlii;itlli!l' I'.;l ."il' I''.' \MHt. I M. Ill tiini' - - uT'" ll'.l. Tlir priiiLiiy aslioiioinieal station nt' the C'lasf and (ieodetie Snivey (l.s.")l) is seven limidicd \ .lids neail\ ea>t "f the ll^lit. I lii:> station the m,i;^iii'tie v.iiiation was tdiser\ed to he I 1 .">>' east in I'elii nary. l.s,")!. and !i ,ist ill Septein.iei'. l"^7-'i. The eoinpiited v.uialion Inr .l.iiiiiaiy, lSS.-(. is li; OL" east, with .1 I'll -I Ml \eai l.\ iiieieaM' itf one iniiinle. IMiii Point Pinos I.i;ilit wi' liasf the I'ollowiiij; hearings and distances to piominent ohjects: Till' I nil 111 ih.' S.iliiiiu liisrr N. Ill; 1'. . ili^i.iiii i:'. nulis. I'll jam I. a mil 11^ N. ■< 10 , ili-laiit l.'i iiiilr.>>. Santa Ciii/ Li^lil-liniisr N. .".i \\ . ili..taiil I'.i* miles. I'liiiil .\fiii Ninvii ^ll^■^^lli^^tll• N. .Mi W.. distant .11 * iiii!i>H. I'inriiii Coin I l.iulit liiiiiM' N. ..ii \V.. ili-tanl :!'.!» inilrH. S.iiitli. a>l r.if.illuii l.ii;lil lum.sr N. .'ilj W . ilisiani -1 inilrs. lin- ilisiance to Point Siir is twenty one miles, and to Pied i as lilamas I.iiiii se\etity-oiie iiiiies; i'lit lilt V .lie not inlervisiiili'. Vi'>sels lionnd nonli«aid si;;ht i'oiiit l'iiio.> laejit ami then la> their •ii-i III pass just outside of Poiiil Alio Niievo. ii|ion whicii is a steam lii;;-w liistle. ^ 'ihisiliiiij Inioi/, jKiiiiWd uilli hluik mill irliili jicrjii inliiiihir sliiin s, has iH'in moored in twent\ ' i|ii.irtef Liliioms .d' water, o\er h:«r4f llie Li^lit hon-e ,iii<| the white lot ii oil' the point, at 11 dislameot I lilee-i'i^^htli.s "I I '< I'lKiii the i'oid\, and ti . Imndied ,\ aids outside the lit e-l.ttlioin line. The follow iii^ lieai- I ili-I.ilii jvs me ^^ivell III plominelil olijeets: oiiit'r w lull' rink .*»!•;. J K. .' iiiilc A iiIii.hXi'iU ."^il. I'V K. ( !■:. 1 1 iiiiii'8. I'luil I'vr.iiiii.l S. 5 W. ','1 niili'K. I'.illl' Cspl.-.s UimU .><. I.\ A'. I; llllll'N. I liilMN IS Mill I II led li\ I I.e ,11 tioii ol the se.i. and ;;i'. i'> fl oiii t weiMy In tlili i S lil.ists per minute. II IS placed .\u-iNt -1, I s>>l. ^' I liase foiiiii) a luanu.^i tipl rliai I III Pnini Pinos to Moiileie\ llarlioi, t,ia te lioiii the li\di'o iiMey (if ihe r. S. ship 11. t i'liiMsti' r.odey:ii Head. Two churls, on a l.ir;;e sc.ile, lo inhibit the top"j;rapli\ and imm Piiiiis tins ,ds Ilie .Siir, hjve Ih'cii receiitljk pulilislied. :| W' ' " I I l-J-J l'.\( IllC (OAST I'll or. Ivllicr I'oint Piiios or tlic liiuli inoiiiiliiin muss lo tlif smitlitMsi of ('Minifl lia.v was ii.iiumI ( 'alio lie Sail Martin 1>\ I'ci rcio In l,"ilL.', and initfil a.s tlic terminal inn oT the raii.nt' siuct' known .1-, ili> l.ai >icriM S.inia l.ncia. I'.iil 111' wa~^ cliiM'ii (ilV till' (' last lu'l'orr rcai'liiii;; it. Ill 1»" I'ri's Aili-, ITni". ii is ralli'tl I', ilf ('aiiinli', II l-i llll'll! I'lIHM Atlniiia! .I.i^r CaliU'ia i'.iniin ( Imi/a'cs in 17,; I as b 'in;f .it I ll ! of a unat ^'iill' (riisi'iiada ;. \vlirr<' •• ll'r coast sln'l<'ln's oiil al a point ol' low land lirav 1' soul l:C'| II ll\ hill d (low 11 lo till' slioic. and nanirii ll lllla dr los I'ilios. ulilrli I -c ill lalillldc .'17 d<".:lr[ ■n ll oiii I 111' 1101 iliw fsi 11 1^ a '•inal! lull, t"o liaL;iH'- in Iciii;tli lioiii M!. lo ."sW ., and all < n\, l,,l I nil jiiiic ti'i'i'.' and llial lo ilic soiiiliuard oi ilic iioint a fluster of clill^ makes a ^'.eod I tirnk to know it ti.v. BAY OF monti-:ri-:y (iitii r'll fiiitiin s- — I'oint I'iiin^ t'oiin-; tlie >oiit liwi-^t iioint of tliis lia\. and riinl.i de la Suit; t 1 11/ I loi nil iiu liieueNiirn >lioieirilH' ainlioiaueot ."^ania Ciii^i llie noilliwtst |ioiiit. A jniiiinu 'lie liulil llMiisis lipoll llle.-e tun |ioilils llllis liol I ll t weiitv nine and a liair dt'i;rees Uisl N. I'll.', \V.) nineteen and oi le liall mil d ll le ;;leate>l de|illi ol' llie lia\ lo llu' ea^li^.ml is neartlie moiiili oi' ilic S.ilinas IJiver. nine and tlnce ei^liilis miles from tliis line. It in-iii fairly lie allirnied I hit I lie iioi lliwe>i point of 1 he iiay is at least tour miles west of Santa < '111/. imi the slioie IS \ery ireiitly loniidiiiu'. atnl no >]ii'eilie name has lu'i'ii ^i\en to ir. 'I'lie iiioiintain I'liain of the .Sjci ra Santa I.iieia iVoni the southeast, termimitm;:- at Point I' iiid tl le >'illtliwe -t ll.iiik ot the mountain inassof the peniiiMi'.i of S.in rraiiei>eo press ^. lllla ( 111/, ma ke two leinarkalile landfalls f..r this h. \ ; I III' moi e 1 speeiall.N as llu- e,i>Ii is lo\\ and s.iiid.v.and Imrdered hy low lands whieh j radiiall.v use to iolliii;rliills iiierea^iii;^ i' iiioiiiitaiiis well |ci the ea>t«aril. In approaeliiiij: the liay from .--eawani tliese peculiarities ;;ni' It 'he .ippcai.iiicc of a :;ii al Linlf. Till' ualiis I hioii_;hiiiil the liay arc deep, willi no known hiddi n ilan;:ers whateM'r. Tlie me ol I ih l.c.iel I or \'<\\ liji ill> 111 i\ he .ippi oailii ll w 11 ll ro lilidi ■jlie .Ii,.||, iliiWcM'l. Is nil! le_;lllar, imi' ilm-; dclilliN I aii;;e from lifl\ Ih e lath ll uicrc.i • j,M-ailiially Iroiii the slmie. In the sonlheni |iai: Mil- at the oilier limit of the lia\ to lliiit\ falhoms al 01 1 ihiec iiiiailciN null-, t'loiii the lie leh, and to tell I ilhniiis ,ii one half In t III ee i|iiarleis niilis i;.,:ii llie lie. leli. Ill I he nil ! hern pal I, t here is a f.iirly iiiiit'orm |il,iteaii w itii the thiit.\ latlnnii ihim' >i\ miles MMilli of Ihe held of S;,'lipifl <'o\e. and deeieasinu' lei^iilaily to the sIloic. lint li. -r leunlar appinaehes aie dividtl liy a rcinarkalile snlnihiriiir rnllni, similar to tlio-e olf I' ■■ lliieiiemeand otVCaiinel |!a\. This v.dley lies in the eeiiici- of Miiiitere\ l!a>.aiid lias h ■ n to some e\te!it tiai'iil ('lit. 'I'lle head of the \ alley lies li\ c ei^lil lis of a mile Miiitli of the Salai i- l;i\ei. and Ihe tweiil\ fallinin line IS onl,\ a ipi.irler of a mile oil' the lieadi. the deplli ineri.i-.;i- lo iilly I'.il lioiiis in the iii'M ipi, liter of ,1 mile. \\ I Ins di>iaiiee Imm .'sjiore the tweni.s i.iii"'ii lines ail- three 1 i^^hih . of a mile apart. The general direct ion of the \ alley for the iie\t tw n n ■ is miiiiImm-sI h,dt vv 1 v| , .SW. \ \W . w here we find a dept h ot' one hundred and sex cut ci 11 t'.itli" n^, and llu- litlx lalh'im lines lie almnt li\ e ei^ilil hs of a mile ap.iil ; llieme I he \ alley runs a'"iii' wot, ii-ai'liin^ a dcpl h nf niie li 11 ml led and se\ enl\ fa I lining jji a mile, and two JMllidlcd and I'". lalhniiis 111 tliice ani 11,11 tcr mile-, w ilh liirt\ two fathoms li ss than Jl mile to the Imi I The soiindin;;- all' not iiiimeroiis enmi-h to 11. ice ll- outline- in deep waici ; Init (lie ml are lli.it Inr ti 11 mih s of its Icie^ih it runs xiiitli .si\t\ d. ^rees west ! S. (1(1 W.I, with ' at three Inindled .ind lilleen l.illioms. 'I'ke only a\ ail, dili- lio.il l.indinu upon the )ie,e ,< lia\ -Ik re- i- at the head of tins suliinariiie \ alk .\ . riicie af no indications on tie- I iml pecnii.ii Inl in.il Inn. 1 Mcpl 1 h.ii ji jt> he. id 1 he li i\ \ er> ',;l adn illy re.ielii"* its ;jie.il« -• i .' -1 ilii \hiiilt II ij W mil (/,!/, .__'| lie M||.,,t mount am lul 1 lei s Imrtll ail'l -nlllll of Mn|ili-re\ I 1 he rccedin;.' nf the -hole lo the e.isl «,ird, olVer ;l lun.lil elilr.iiiee for i Ih- »tilid the Minilieni part (■' '' eolnplctel\ C1i\i|npe I'nml I'mos. 'I'licN ill I \ e ii\ er tin- li.li twr of Moilti-r«'> ami VI- M.I- \ .ille.v : .lion;; '.liewlioh- .-alid.\ -hole lliey treinieiitl\ jii'\iiil its Iu'IIh; i»»'«'Ii : lime, and \i'--i| . lei I Iheii w,i\ liy soiiiidin;;s ami the roti mi ihc .<-|iiiii- us fl-<*-Hl(e>« ,1 ruder the lli'lllnl ll p.ll I of t he li.l,\ Ihe fo^- do li.<| eli \ eii ipe I he -lull e W) nWe^-fy >|«ll)delr< oil the hill-lde.- -Inpmji lo the -oiilh ti.e eliinate rs e ear and w.iiin. S)'o,in'l I ..\e .iin ('ill/. Ilarlior itic ofliMi clear whil-t the fo- is dense to the .siKitlmaid .y\<^ viwiw.ml. 1 1" llliilla'.iin si .|:ivi Ion ol' .mil .' ' I mil /.. //-I I'liil 1 1 1! use I \i;llil~ llie (n a iii'.iv \ jrro lllllll' 111 l^lll lllllll - "I sll; iii.nki 'I " III liiiiiilii'd ami i'\i-|\ n here Ti.r hail ll; rmnt Till Tlli'lc aie I w Has h.idly ll. rill' iilil w li.ii .mil li'ieivc I ,m,ulc al Ic-s '.val'clioilse 111 an' cvpected >Il'.lllll'|S ecu .■•I'tlli:; lieyon li,\ anchi ili.il roiiies III .lll,\ hiTlh till .ll|iiiiilML;e, ov ^iillllli'l 11 ('oa^ \in -Monj; ol l.ilMi' nf three ■"^nliiif; M .\lni NlH'\i) III "Iml .ii.ii lo a' .lllil kri pin;,' I t'>i'iit_\ live liil "ill liiiii- thci '^'Ml'i.ii, iiece, I".. \ I'l \ 0(1 1" till' .iiiilmra A direct e lln' ilist.ince I >»lltli lill> de- «li'llf ,11 .Moiii I'l'iinilV; llojlh Tile ;;i'o^i Lain I... 11. 1 1|, I /■-.-Tl '""lllie lilii,. „ lo'i; III .prill;! "»'•'" d'li.iiioi, .in. . . , lietw ■h w: SI K^i \h\ rAciFic (oAsr i-ihoT. 1 l;i 111(111. Ill slionldcr inakiiij; soiitliwcst IVdrn Mount Uaclit' srvMiis tn Itrcak tin' fnici' mimI clMin;,'!' tlio ,1'iv, : ,i!i dl' the wind, and to piirtl.s di.ssi|i.it(' tln^ I'o;^ on acconnt of the Insilcd aii' alon;; its ;;nlclM'.s ,iiii| ,' -. I inilu'icd .sidi's. I'll, lliiihorof Miiiilririi. — I'roni I'oint Tiints to tin' ancliiirii^^'c nil' iIk' town of MonliTcy tlu'^fcn- .■i:il 1 n;ii.-.c IS cast li\ sonlli half south [V], li\ S. A S,),ainl the liistanct' tliirc nnli's. Tht' slnnc ttN «;iiil- ilir town is rn^;;i'il, conijioscd of j^'ianitc, and fovcrcd with ;;iass\ siopi's which arc hacked l>\ iiiii'.i\\ L'rowtli of lir. In the licndsof the shore line short, low,. sand beaches are seen, and show i|iiili- hn.:lil in niooniiLilii. To the eas' ward of the town is a loui;. saiid.\ heach, liackcd liy sand ilniMNiit >lij;lit elcxaiion. lichind tiic sand dunes t he hillocks arv covered with ;;rass ami sparstdy iiiiilvid uith oaks. I'oi' a dislaiiceof ten miles alon;^ llii.> iieach I he line of tliife fathoms lies on(^ IiiiiiiIh'iI and tifly yards otf shore, the water deepenin;; rapidly iieyond that, and the bottom almost ivi r\ ^\ liere hanl sand. ■flic harbor is broad open to th' inulh noitiiwest. Imt as it is ipiite a deej) pocket, protected In I'diiit I'iiios, which cMcnds o\cr two miles I'artliei imrili, there is moileiatcly j;ood aiiclioiaire. Tiiiiv .ii<- luo wli, n\('s at Monterey: the old shi|ipiii^ wharf and the railroad wharf. The lattei- \v,i> li,idl,\ dama;;t'd in ISS.I, and now but a lew pde-. i'( inaiii. The cuaslin;; sleameis lie alon;;.>ide !lii' iild w liail, which is bndt in I lii' sonlhweslcrn biuhl ol the haibor ; and sailing: \essels discliartic , Hill ill cive t'rei;;lit there. This wharf is ei^dit hiimlied fret Imi^' (I>eceniber, l.SSI), uiid ha.s an .iie.'lca! Ir>s than onethiid of its len;;th from the oi" . . no, 'nii.i,i._r jt tnward thewi-st, There is a uaichnii^c near Ih.e outer einl, t'rom the Iront end i vvhicli .i ml I'ujlit is shown when the steamers ;in' r\|'ccted ill at nij;ht. There is a depth of sixteen fci't ot water at the outer end. ami the >lf.iiiiers j;enerall\ lie on the east side of tin' wharf, head in to soiilli by west, with the stern pro ,ri||ii^ beyond the wliarl. r.\ iiiclKUin;; well in at the western side (d' the harbor, vessels will avoid nincli of the swell !li,i! (eiMrs ill With the lieav.v lioilliwesl winds. I'liis swell, howe\c|-, is ne\cr siiHieieiil to make ,iii\ lii'iili there ilani;c'riHi.s. The inilneiice of the swell is tell ;it the wharf more than at the .iiiiiiDiMuc, owine; to the undertow, lull less here at Monterey than ill any (U the ojien p(Uts on the viiilhi'in coast. In he. ivy southerly wcatliei I'oint I'liios breaks the swell, but llic> w iml draw s \in >!liilli; oil shoie user the aiielior.i;:e. The w.itel slliials from lilleell to three latholii^ in a dis- Mini' III lliice iiniidred y.irds, and the lead should be used lo a\oid ruuniii;; in too tar. Snliiiji Vessels coinini; tiom the iioitliward, bound to Monterey, lollow the coast from I'oint .\ III! Nil 1 II to roint S.iiiM ( 'ill/. I hen i iiii well ml o I he bay, bill not loo lai . for fear ol losin;; i he »lui| .11.1 1 III avoid the set of the he.i\ y swell lollili;^ low aid the biaeli. I,ea\ iii;; I'oint Santa ('ill/, .iiiil Kiipiii;; on a soiitlieast by east (Sl'^. by V..) course aboiii liltceii iiiile^, will biin;;- vessels into hWMity live latlnnns and nearly l\o miles t'rom the be, ich ; Iheiice a soiilh coiiise for eii^lit miles »ill III 111.: I hem to the anehora;^!' .li I en lallioms, and h.ilf a mile from the landiii.:. I'hese piecail- t.iill>^ iih lleee.Nv.ii \ . iireailse I'oint I'lno^, with the whole b,i\, is fleipielil ly eineloped in a dense I"'.. \ ci > oil en I he coast i 11 j; ste, liners ha\ e to run for the bc.icli. .mil I hen be ;;uiiled by t lie role til ilif .iiiilioraj^e. I. a I'eiouse sa.\s he heard the rote when one Iciunc oil shore. .\ lined course Iron. I'oint .\iio Niiexo to llie .inehoiaire is soulhcist half east (SI!. ' 1",.). ainj III.' ili~i nice lliiiiy si\ and a hall' miles. I'loiii I'omi .\iiii Niievo to I'oint I'iiios ihe beariii;^ is iiiiilli liliy de;;iees east (S. ."((I I!.), and the distance lliiils four and onelhiid miles. I'lom the wji.irf .1! .^lll||||•|e\ lo 111, It at .S.inl.i Ciii/ ilie disluiice is twenty two and a ipi, liter miles, and the I't'aiitiji north ihiilyoiie and a hail ile;;ices wesi .N. ;;IA \\ .). I lie ;ieiii;iapliical posi I ion of the end of the w half able, 1st of Ihe cusloin lioiix(. at Miiiiiirc\ is: l.aiiiiiili' ;iri ;Mi in nuitii, l.iin-itnilr I'.'l .'ul :il »i»l. ' II . Ill 1 1 nil' -I' IC ■ :; l• /'• e>.— riie Coiiecteil Ivslablishmcnt, oi mean Intel va I between i he time of the mooiiVs ir.iiisii •"I'l'lie tune i.| h;-h water, is X I'J . The mean rise and I'.ill "I tides is ihiee ami fourlenllis •'■'•' prill;; tides, lour and three lenihs liii; .iml ol neap i nles t w o .ind oueli '11 feel. Ihe I ilioii of the lloial isli';!! ; of ihe ebb. li'' J ; and ol I he stand. 'i .;.i . TJM-.ivcnme I'ctwcen the ciMi'ccted 4's|ablisliment of tlie a. in, and p. in. tides ol the saiiied.i.v is 1' '' '"I -h w.iicr, ami 1'' I for low water. The ditVereiicis, when the ini on's ihclination is ureal '^ Hi audi'' l.'.S , i I'spccli vel\ . 'I'he a\ cr.iee (lijlircnce in lieii;,it of i iicse I wo tides is one eiillis t'eet fill :!,(■ hi;;h w, iters, ,iiid two and tour tciilhs led lur llie low waters. W hen ''" " ' '•«deili|i,ili(in IS ;; I cat est these ilillcl lilies .ire I w o alid I w o tclil lis led and I hue and sivcn m. ^M I' y- \i 'if^? .^,- I m 144 I'Acirir ciivsi' rii.fir, ti'Htli-i fri'i, ri's|ii'cti\('I,\ . Tlic iiM'iaj;!' ililVcii'iiri' of iIh' liiulifr liiuli iind lower low wiilc IS nl' til „llii('il,l\ is live Mini llili'i' Iclilhs Ici't, Mini wlicll tlir IlKioil's ilcclillill |c ;rr;itcst, six mill ih tell I lis liTl. 'I'lli' lii-lifl' lii.;li inif ill till- I Wi'lil \ loiii- liuiii s iici'ilis mIidiiI '.I' .ill iillci llii' ill '"III ^ ll]ipC|' Inill^l! ,-oiltlil lii;>, wlii'ii till' iiioiin's 1 1 ('I'll MM 111 II I is mil III, Mini mN ml L' "iH lu'loic, whin sniiil Idwrr 111' till- I iw wMli'i s (ii'iMirs ali ml srvi'ii Ininrs iil'iiTtlM' lii^ln-r liiuli liil''. 'I'lii- ;,'ii'mIi •Mill llill'iTl'In'C llrlUl'IMl I III' lil.V will' IS 111' I 111 i' 1 1 IV W, liiiir Mii'l I liiiM' li'iillis I'l'i'l , Mini I ! I'- 1 i|;irririii-r lirt w I'll! Ilii' liiulirl' lii;:li Mini joui-i \-f\\ WMlcrs iil' mir iIm\ wms si'Nimi Mini iiiih' tni'ii li'i'l. To linil I he I iinrs of liiuli Mini low waters, lirs! ('iimi|)iiIi' tin' I iiii's fui' S iii l''rain'is('i), a ml !ii|ii llif iiiiiMliri> t'liis oIiImiiiimI MihirMi't 1' II" I', ir M iiiii'ii'V ; I'.ir llie lieiLrlits siilii r.irl two truths nl fiMil riiiiii llni^n iililMilll'il I'lir .S.ili I'r.iIiiM^ni. Till' I urn III' Mmiti n 1/ incsciits m \i'I.\ ini-l I y a|'|ir,,rMiii'i' as situ linii t lie waler. I iiiiiii ili.iti-l lu'liiinl it till' riiiiiiliN rises ill plMtc. Ills, iliM'isiliiil l)\ lull am! vailev. ami lieaiil iIiiIIn iI. iK l;i ii\ I III till' \M>t III' llle liiwii. III riiilll 111' llie |i!lie ruii'Sl, was silliali li llie olil Ilf.i I \ ■r.-.nl',,,,| Miiiili The town WIS till' eaiiilal 111 <'ililiiriiia while nmler the i iile of Mi'xien ami li \ears alter if lieeaine a State. In I ss I it linl a i>ii|iiil itinii uf •_'.(iir> jiersons, lint it is rapiilK ereasuii;. |IM\ 1 1111111 1, ."siv eial « hall iiir eiiin|ia nil's have their e>tMlilishini'iit.s at Mnnterex ; their enii sin l;- i; run in il' Mdiileii'V anil a slnM't ilislaiiee In sea. I »ui iiiu: t lie seasiiii. whieh iisiiailv lasts nine n mi .MmivIi t.i Ni.\ eliiliei' — npera tiiiiis Mi'e eariieil nil liv means nl' Imals I'lirnisheil will nice l.'e;:iihii I'liMimiinieatiiiii is Ue|it iqi with all |i,ills of the eiiasi liy -.teameis ami niimer iii;;\essel' ami the railmail imu ::ives iliieet eonneetion with .s^iii I'lMUeiseo Mini the intei The liailiiir uf Miiniere\ was ili^i iiveleil liv \' i/eaimi ill liii'J, liiit his mi ilexTllitnni ini-|i-i Ml ai\ I'.siieilil inn lit 1 Tti'.l lieeanse he ilesi;:nateil it "a liiilile liailmr, ami seeliie ai;ain^I ■ iaiiei- liirnis a tannins liarlmr. which inav be enteieil steeiiii;; straight in, ami a|i|iroa(liiiu iIh' >lniii' 111 ilie (|i'|ii h uf six lal hums. Till- sIkii'i \ iij' Mmi'i 1 1 ji Hill/, iri'li hiii'liiifis, irliiin'i's. I'c. — I'ollowin;; the shore IVoiii lln'ivii lit' Monterey iioitli'.varil it |iri'seiiis a iinifmin saml beach, innnin;,' iieaiiy north, liackeil li. I.ia, liie.iiy saml ilniies. proilnciim -|iiisel\ the cimim'si i;r.i^>es ami Imsl.es, ami eiitirel\ ile^i ii iite nf lle-h W .iter. Two miles to l he mn llie.lsl 111 t he to. \ 11, on the iinllieiliale beach, are xeli the 1 irj,'!' Iiatllinu establish meat sol' tin II it el ilel M iiite. Cniiti lining north wani, this waste of saml il mo extemls In the .S ilin.is l!i\ er. ol' w liieli w e reach the ;;re.it beinl at about nine ami ,i half Miiir> lioiii Mniiiiii \ . .iml iinlv one hnmlred \ arils I'lom the be.ich. From I'oiiit I'iim.s ii In mi s mn lln'.i>l b\ no! 1 Mil iinailer imi th M-:. I'v N. 1 N. . ilisi.iiii eiv'lit ami m half inilrs. I lolll I ins brll'l till' river I nils ]i iralhl w iih the line of I he be.ich. jist in nle the low s.nnl i In lies, for a il 1st, nice ol \> ai.il a li.ilf miles, ami there iliscliar'j;es. I''io n I'oini I'lims the niMith be.ir.s north by t'.i- i^ ill! el;;hl lis ea .1 ,N.b> i:. ; K ami IS ilist.mi twelve ,i hi I liree i|ii,i i lei s n ri lele li.iv . siMMins vv hell the 1 1 V el bl oUe t hroil;;ii ihe lie.ii li at the ;ireat beml' ami I here tllscli.ll fireater put nl ii^ watt'i> into the l>.i\. TIhn nver lia^ been (lcsii;na'i il l>y a \ ariets oi ,is I'.intiaveiiiii!,!, Mnhieiev. ami ."s.ilinas, bill the latter i.s now i he .leeepteil ii.iine. Il i-i l.llltinle nf the I'leilras I'.liiii i-. one br.ineh alioiil twent> ami the other Ihittv III!' liiiiii I he 11 1.1 -t. rhe-.e I ira iiclii-~ 1 1 lee I at the tnu n of San .M i;; Ilel. about I Went \ seven in nnithwesi NNW.i fioiM .s^.ii, 1,111s Obispo, anil theme Ihe stie.iin inns parallel wiih I. ami liehiml llie.'^ieira Santa Liici.i. liele are linw m\ el .il whaivis Mini lamliii;;> in Mniileiev ii.iv for Ihe shipineiil of tli' I'l- illli'liniis nl' the ailiaceiil v,ille\s. Miis.s l.iiii'liiifi is the 11.11 1 Ihe \\ half one mih Mint h nl Ihe In nil th of lilt' Salinas. ,i I |i ol ihe sn'.inarine V alle< .ib'cMil V ilescrilieil. ami |:e> nnilli six iliLirees ea.st iN.'i I .\.ilur:i. '""ill. ||\ III' Mil- Crl; 11. r .11 il mil. I .Ml It lilt' .MiitiniiuN II I 111.' .Sill III Aiii.n till lf<'|i HI nf till' Sii;itiiiili-ii.liiil ..I ilii'T S ('..iisi Sinvi'V l..r I'-.M. .\|i|ii'iiili\ Nn '.".i. In |l.i;iMii|il ■. ,..|.v ill tin- siiiMi nf .M.mli'ii'i |i;n tiy lion Jiiwf Tiiliar v Taiiian/. lin lulls llii.s n ill' s.iii .Viitiiiii PAflllC COAST I'll, or. 14; nil!. . 1111111 Mo,itt'ir> \\ hill r, and scuitli si\t,\ li\c (lc;,'r('rs cast fS. (l.")" V..), roiirtccii and a lialf miles liiiii Santa < 'ill/ « liaif. It is a liiuli wliiJi I', and tin- roastiii;; stcanii'is lie on tiii- imii licast side ,if ii to disiliar;;!' and icccivf iVci^ilit. It strrK'lics out to the nmlli west, and tlif d('|itli »{' watrr at I 111- end is \ crv \ arialilr, ian_in;; linni ti'ii lo lltl.\ I'rct, so ilmt tlic niih r end lias scxi ral times lall. !i ill. 'I'lie inner end is liiiilt ii\ 'I' I he |ieninsnl,i and aeinss the Salinas llixer and a sliiii;;h. A \':«\ In in t'.veiit V li\ e I'alhoiiis nil I he w hart', to which \ essels can haul out. 'I'lieie are hea\ v liK I'ki'i s to I lie iioi Ihwaiil and -.oniiiuaid ol' this wliai 1°. I mi I none inimediatel.v near it, atti ihiitalile, ,1.; i; I 'ill lit llneiieme, to the ;^ieat depth of water at the head ol I lie sn I una line sal ley immediately lilt hile. ilie town of Castroville, on the Sonlhein I'aeilie Uailioad, lies two and a half miles to tin; MiiiJiii ast v\ aid, and \\atson\ille and r.ijaro, on the same lailioail, t'i;;hl miles to Ihe northwarcl. The Stiliiuis III- tlihsdii's l.(ii(iliti(i. This is a wliail' on the ii;;lit hank of the Salinas K'iscr, at lis iiiiiiilli, wliieh is onlv si\ly \aids wide at low water. To reaeli it Ihe liar of the Salinas must 111' nursed, ii|>oii which there is only aimnt li\e feel at low water, ;.'enerall\ with heavy hreakers, ami iliri'iij;h a conslanlly shifting' ehanncl over Ihe i|iiicksaiids of this \ieinity. Tin' eoastiiif^ sleiiiiK is ha\e not ii^ed this laiiililiu for several veai> I'loiii the inoiilh of the Salinas to the eiitiaiiee to the /I'/n •/// / iijoro. Ihe distance is two a nd ;l i|ll ll li'l I null iiiles, the shore tieiidiiii; to the iiuitli iiorllivv e>i. 'I'he i-ntrance of this river hears h liv east (N. Iiy !•;.). tlistant loniteen miles, from {'nint I'inos. Iiniii here the coast inns iieailv stiai;;hl to Aplos ( 'reek, a distance nf ei^lil and a half miles, mil .ill! lilt SIX miles to the ea--t w aid of San I a ( i ii/, u iili the shun- rockv .iiid aiiniiit. Ninth of the Salinas l.'ivei lie^rin rich meadow and lalile l.nids, alloidin;; to the .settlers spots iiii^iii p.issed lor plod lie I i\ t'liess, even 111 the pi oil lie State of < 'aliforiii.i. The liivv lis in this vicinity li.iil 111 l.SStI the follovviiij,' iMipnlalion : Cast loville, "jO.! ; S.ilinas, L'.tino, and Walsonv ille, l,SM(); lint all of them are inereasinj.; rapidly. /'(i/'ui) /,<(/((//»(/. — One mile northwest from the nioiilli of the i'.ij no, and soiilli seveiil.s seven ill Ibices east (S. 77 1"..|, eleven miles, trom .'^anla Crnz wli.irf, is the wharf of the Tajaio landing;. Ii 1^ .iliuiit t wo linndred vaids loiiy. si iitehes out at iii.'hl any:les to the lieaule I lie vv ha It'. The ti i| U ,il>oiiville and I'ajaio are siliialed on the ■Soiii hern I'.icilie Kailroad live miles to tli(> east- iiiiillic,i--i iiiim the landing;. 'I'he wharf licars noilh lour ilcj;rees west ^N, I W.), sixteen miles, llMlll ihe .Muiilerev w half. 11 hili\ l.niitl mil. Il ill' a niile. am Mills' ImiiiHiiii. tun and a half miles iiorl liwcsi w an! of th I'll in' Landing', imiiketl dow n on the eai lier ( u.isl Sin v e.v e ha lis, wcie siii f laiidiiij^s and had no ui.ii.rs. They have not lieeii used fdi in, my \e;iis. y'liitiiiil reci .'— This is llie dcepi I iiidelilalioii ol llie nortln i niiinsl p.irl ■ I Monterey l!ay, iM'iil. ^i\teeii denrccs west (N. HI W.), sixteen and a half miles, trom I'oiiii I'iih'^ l,i;^hl, and four aii'l a hall miles east iioitlieasi (l'".NI-",.) floiii .Saiila ('in/ l.i;,'lil. Il i.> iml aiove in ijie usual ii illoii of the lei 111, lull a rather hioad hiuht, foiii iiiile.> wide and one and a li.ilf leep, u nil a vi'iv iiiiiloiiii hottom ol li,ird s.ind and shells, ami li.iv in;; a depih from ten fathoms oiilside to ilii'T lalhoins close to the line ot bi'e.ikers which liorder the cove Irom the moil I h of tfaiKjiicl I'rui'k l.-illiil li,v the east. Xnniiiil I'diiil, which forms the western Itoiindary of the cove, is a hroad elilV, i[iiile low at the vv.ii i V ed;;e, and iisiiij; to a mesa of alioiit forty leet elevation. It liesnoilli >iv eiily one and a (mil til _ices east ( N. 7 l.."i I'..), t Wo and one t hit d mile-- finni San I a < 'i ii/ l.i;;lil . .\ tliieU hell of I., l|i ^Metehes out nearly one third of a mile from the point. I^'ive fathoms ol' water can lie carried I'luM- iliiiii;sii|e the kelp, and 111 thick weather the coast in;; steamers follow il < lo.se ahoard l>elweeii >.iiiia I'm/ ami the .Sainpicl laiidin;,'. 1 111- iiai low Villi ley ot the Aj'tux Citd, opens three and I wo thirds miles, north titty nine dej>i'ees ||>I N.."i1t l''..|, tioiii Siiiii|iiel Toint lietvveeii hanks thai are one linndred feet hi^h. Snmiiiil ' >'>i - .niiilliei sill. ill si 1 cam en i pi, v mil; iiilo the .S.iiiipiil lii;;lii, one .Mid a hall miles iioilh tliirtv ■ ' \-- llalr.v iiipli's 1 iipv 111' tin- Miirxi V of Mhhhtiv Itav li> tiun .l.isi f 'li.liar v I'.iiiiai i/ lir mils iliis nvor tin' li'iu ■' ' l'.i'<'i'i. It IS I'lilli'il SiiPi lliiiilii 111. ilii' Stair iiiaii. anil liv "tin T aiitlinril ii'.i tln> Siin Antonio. On tlio curly Coa.st ^•irv. V ■ liarl 11 rticiallnl I'luion Kn.i ■ \ .11. .11., n|i.1Iiiii;h liavr liriii (jivi'ii I'm Saii.|ilrl Sliiii|uil, .Sim|IU'I, etc. 17'.' 11 I' r 10 jffi^ tfs I ) i * » til I r r'M \l 1 ti: I'AcniC (OVM I'll-tt'l', OHO ilc;ii(('s i',\st (N. il ' 1',.) I'lnin S;iii(|ii('l I'oiiil. 'I'lic ;nljiic('iil iiu'sa laiiils iiri' imc liiiiulii'd In mImivc llic wali'i. The two l,iiiiliii;;s In SaiKincl Cove aro at Aptos ('rt*k and Saii(|ii<'l Ci >. I pun tlic Micsa 1,1 Mil lu'hind Sain|tU'l I'oiul, De MulVas (ISIJ i places tlic \ ilia i\r I'.ran. itnri. but no liuildin;; was lie re ulicn I In' renin tr\ (Mnic intci |icissfssn >n 111' tlii> I iiilrd States. \iitos l.iiniliilij — 'I'lie \\ liail ill tlie riici iiImiI' tile Aptos Creek is on the west point df d,, eiilianee. It is a liiyli wliaii'. aUoni two liiindi-ed \ards Ion;;, stieteliiiii,' out at ri;;lit an^jles loili. I)eaeli. and li.is alioiit ti'li tcet of water at its e\tleniit\. ("oast in;; steamers lie on I lie soni hea-; side ol' it. and tlii'ie ale iiioiM ill;; Imovs olV it to u liieli \ essi'ls ean haul out. l'"roiii Sam pie I I'lm;! it hears norlli lill\ ei-lil de;;iees east i N. os I'..', di.Mant three ami one third miles. Sdi'iiiiil I.'iiiiliiiii. -St reieliin;; out o\ er the saiid,\ point I'roin the casiei ii part of Iheliliiit nu tlie wesli'in ol ii;;lil hank of the Saiiiiui 1 (' the wliail' ol' this landiiii;, lia\ iii'^ a d epil, . I feet at its e\tleliiil\ . It is ind a half miles lioilli lhiit\ de;;rees east N. .Id ]•'..] || Samiiiel Point, and the tliiek liod\ of kelp uliieli eMemis from the easteiii limit of S.inia t i i. Ilarlior aroiiml Snnpi I I'oiii' is lure hrokeii tlii(m;;li, althoii;;h liiit a short line is toiiml to ;',,(■ eastward. 'I'lie coast in:,' sleaineis li,- on either side ol' the \\ hart', either h.i'ad or stt'iii out, a^ Iheii' is not much swell leachiiii; this hcicli. This is a y;ood slimmer anelioiau;e, and a ^;re,il di.il nf ]iiodiice is siiipped ficim hell-. Ill winter thi' laiidiii;.' is reported to lie worse than at S.uit.i Cm/, and nil ire dillicnlt, to ;;et.awa,v from in soiitheily weather. .Mooriii;; liiio\ s lie outside the wli.iii S\M A CIMZ llAKIidl!. This h.irlior or aiiilioia;;(' is at the iiortlnvot part of the hay of Moiiteie.v, and is of m i\ limiti'd cMeiil. It is |iro|ected ttoiii all the winds from the iioithward, but expo.sed to tin lull i I ep of southerly ;;ale: iiid nian\ co.isteis have been dri\t'ii ashore diiiiii;; the winter se, ll i> .ilioiit tlirei' ipiailers of a mile in ih'ptli iiorthwaid. Ii\ one and a half miles east and wi>i. Tlicie is a liioad pl.ileaii o| model. ite depth of water to tile south and east of the haihni |,.| live miles, dee|ieniii;,' to tliirt.N fathoms over hard sand. A di-iith of ten l.ithoms is found aim : ,i .IV I le general em \ e i| the sIkpiis. Directh south of the I.i'jlit house at Santa Cm/, 1' the thii1,\ I'.ithoni line i- thice .iinl .i ipiarter miles disi.int, .iiid tin' salid.v lioltoni ehaii^jes tn i;i iiiiid. sticky and hard. At ciiilit and a hall' miles directly >oiii h. the depth has increased re;;ip to sixty li\e f,i;lioiiis ami then suddenly drops otV into the ^reat siihmariiie \ alley with no bo! at two hiiiidreil .mil Iw.'iits f,i|i|om^. (.'>ee description of siilnnarine \.illey, pay;e 141'.) Stiiilii Cin: I'oiiil.* ihe wi-slein point of the li.iil loi, IS a inoi deratelv low elid' with lioiiil. It IS ipiiie tl.it, atioiit foils left alio\e tiie sea, ami it ism.iiked by the la^^htdioii.-.. ,ui,, some other hnildiii;;s. Uehilid these there is a ;;io\e of tiers. When llie jioint beai s null In ,i-i by east I N I-"., by I"..) t w o low . iLit locks .■~liow elo^e iimhr I he poini, and the oiitei and l,ii^'i"i'i seems lleail\ h,ill' ,is hiuh a,~ the liliill. There is no be.icli .it the bise of theclilV, but iIh' tatlmni line extends about onesixih of a mile, and is neat ly maiked by a dense bodx of Iviii'. which, liowe\ci. ,>oiitlieas| of Ihr point, let le, its well inside this hue. The ;;eo;,'ra|ihic.il pii>i::i:i of the point is ;;i\en lllldi-l the dc^cl I pt ioli ot' the I,i;;ht house. From Santa Cm/ I'miit louud to the east, as well as some distance to the west ward, tin ■<., ward slope of the hill is well m, irked by two lines of terraces. The lower is the top of tin' n'li a bunt sixty or >ii\ elit> feel aiio\e the S( a, and the lipj^el is jili.halils I w o liniidl i d .lliii tilt) blulV, or three hniidicd li i i. T le eastern point of S.inta Ci ii/ Il.ii bm is the wisliiii (ait of .Samiiiel Point, a c fortV feet !ll;;ll. Ilctween the two ii..iiits of the hall and at its easiei !i exticmiu , clii-,!' inalii 1 M-aili l!\ e eighths of a mile in e\li-iit. Ill- Mull, empt ii's the .s'ii/( l.iinn:(> /i'//cc, a sin.ill .^Ui ai, run n in;; pa^t the tow n and iiiIsmou. w Inch is situated a mile inland, P.ehiiul this beach ,iiv inciii r oils l,ir;;c llnildlll;;^. and balhiii;; houses. l.amlin;; i> elVected at either of the two whai\es, wlmli iiiiioiit about three hiiinhi •' h!- illl the liolthwe-lelii bi;;hl ol' llie liailioi. Tliesc w ll ll i\i' III ell daiiia};eil at tin IS.SI) southerly weather: a third one li,i- liecii dcsiro\iil, and a tew pihs of it \et remain i I ' .\t the end ef Ihe .-oiilhelli wiiaif tlieic i.-. tell feci of \^atel. ll Is Imilt out from I'e the bliill and -lo|ie> dow n to the exiieiiiily. Tins w half is used n,,iinl\ li\ schooners I.m lor S. in Francisco and other ports on Ihecoasi. Tne iioiihern m i.iilioad wh.ul is \ei> ''Ihl- |Miiiil wiis iiniii,..ii>l\ imII.mI I'll hi a .\n.i Niii'mi Ii,\ XaiMciiiMi, Nii\ c-iiiUrr, I7:i-.', iiml In- . ll"' ' two riicliv inliis ml ll. ( l.iiiiiiiiir :ir ., "j|l tmilt. Mil- 'lilt on :iic - iiall i iMiiiei -. ■, .head I l \. 1 I ' lialf .1 mile a sticli liiiiy: fri Tliiie is iifit llii' liolli ■ ml -11 .i> III I >|I|IIIU- up. Tin- lll-h S.iiil.i I III/ I, lii^li. h IS SI Til - I.i;.;l iimtli 1 1 (he e liiiililiii - c. IIM Ill-M I'.illd tri'lii tl IM'st iliillte. The h i'\|i|r~> I lees 1 h|. 111)1 led a;. Th ■ I.mhl ■I.IIIIMI 1. 1^7 / 1 1 > II liiii iiiiiimI ' \ the s "I' Ihe ll us is s I'lii'ie |i c li-ht «.l!il ■- '1 not s |ii''-llli.| I'I'tlie l.,ilil l.iinu Dr. ,1 Tl,i 'I'lllill III;;,. ,.,, IIIIS 1 Tlu ma.mit M r.\('iric loAM riior, 117 li;ill Imill. It wiilfiis (III! iMMf till' (iiitrr finl :iiii| t lie I iiicKs iiir I;U(1 dear tn llic cxtmiiity. It ;ini~ .iiil (III a li'\ t'l tliri't' liiiiiilirii saiiN ma .sdiilhcasl li.\ siiiitli ctiiiii IVimii tlic ('a>t side of ilir - uiill I icfk ciiiiil viiif; \\c>t tit' till' San l.iiii'ii/n I.'Im r. I ( lias ten t'cft of watri'at tlicfxticinity, III! !cMiiii'i;< use this wliaif. 'riiirc aii- Iiimvv wcmkIih iiiooriiiu'lHinys otV imtli \vliar\cs, ami \ t's- s, N .' Iit'ail out to rccrivc ai'ij discliar;;!' fici;;lit. I liry must haul out if a swell or liail wcallicr ,,iiii' - II 1 1. Till' (■oa>liii^ sti amcis lie alioiit li\c liiiinliccl ,\ai(ls olV tlic w liarf at low liilc, oi' u licii llirii ,■- liHi iiiiicli .•.Well til III' aloUi;s|il(' of it. I'mui llii^ wliarf to llic wliaif at Montcify ilir dis- Miiir .> tvM'Ul.N two ami a i|uaiti'i' iiiili's am! llir roiirsi' soiilli lliiils one ami a lialf ilc^'ici's cast \ I >,s('ls coiiiiii;: lioiii llic iioi tliw aiil, al'tiT li'a\ iiiu' I'oiiit Alio Nuc\ o. tollnw ilic coast line on .i^iiiiial coiilsc ca.-t soiillicast ( ilSi;.) tof alioiit ci;;lilcrii miles. 'I'lic shore toi t liis disiariee is ,iliiii|'i. ji-ycd, and imideialely elevated, with a iaii;;c nl liij^h hills or moillitailis whose summits III .>iiiiiiiie|- ari' almost eoustanllv eu\elo|ied in toj;. SKirliii;; the shore at a distance of halt' a mile a dejilli ot' .six to tell I'athoms eau lie eanicd, and ii|Mm inakiii;; I'oiiit Santa Ciii/, the toji of aIiicIi is laoderatcl.N le\el I'cii some distance hack, toiir fiihoms aic olilaiiicil within a i|uaiter of a iiiilrni It. l''or alioiit a mile West of t lie lij^li I a I lel t of kelp lioideis the shore, and will sci\e as 1 iiiiiil.. Ill thick fo^;, hut at its easiei n liniil there is sixteen and eif; lit ecu t eel on I side oj" it. When iliii ,1-1 the I de;;rees Wesl i S, ."id W .) I lilee (|iiaiters of a iiiilr ili-l. lilt, and t he point of liliilf on the east side ot' the ii\ei licaiiii;', lioi tli fourteen ile;;rees ttcsl N. 1 1 NN.) iieai 1,\ half a mile olV. The sniallei' stcamvessels usually skirt the coast within liilir ,1 mile and j;o lietweeii the l.ii;;e lield of kelp and the kelpotV the point, liecausethe Icef >lriti Imil' fl'iui l.i;;lil house I'oiiit is w ell m.ii ked lis the liieakers ,iml rollers. I III le IS ti\ (■ ami a half t'athoms ot' water at this anchoiai^'c w itii lair holding' liottom ; inside nl'il ilie liottom is sands and the swell short ami heavy. l)uiin;;' the winter months auelior well Mill -11 .1- 111 lie aide to clear the shore westward ot' the I.i;:ht house Point in case a sonlheastt'i' >|iiiiil;- lip. Till- liifili iiiouutaiii north twenty li\e tlc;;rees east (N. '-'"i l!.i, twehc and a half miles t'roin S.iiit.i I'm/. I, i^ht lioii.se, is named Mmtnl l!, and shows cM'iy iii;.;lit from .sinset to sunrise. It illuminates an are of lliehoii /I'M "I I All till I id I I'd and se\eiil\ ile;;iees, and e.iii be seen lioiii west three ipiai tcls siiiilh ( \\ . , S.) ii'iiinl '.\ the south into the harbor ot' S.iiii.i ( 'i ii/, except u hen loo close under it. The local plane "I till' i. lis is sixtv liiiie feet alio\ e the mean level of the sea, and in a t'a\oi.ible .stati' ot' the atinos- I'lirie t:,,- jj^ht simidd he seen at a d i -lance of eit;ht ami a half miles. \'cssels from the iioillivvcsl- "Uil •> '] II, Il .vee this li^^ht iiiilil It bears east three .|U. liters north ^ I".. , N.). The ;:eo;;iapliical I'l'-ilii.: n| the liMJii. as delermini'd by the (.'oast ami (Icodetic Survey, is: I iiiiiiili' lii'i .'.7' ii.'i iiiirtli. Innuiliiili' I',".' (It :!-.:! wist. Or, III I Mill' si' IIS" tii'.'..'i. H.' Ii'llldiiiyfs have been moved back fioia the ditfs which were beinu undermined by three ''•';;i' I .ill lis made b\ the act ion ot the waxes II" 'iiajiiietic vaiialiDii, .lauiiary 1, 1,S,S.">, was l(> l,-(' east, with an annual iiicreast' of (t'.iS. V| !!: r''f I I! r'm t- i.F ' T^ i If' IIS r.\(iiic (CA'-i rii.ni'. I'iMiii till' I.iulil "f liiivc IIm" I'tillDWin;; lu;iiiiii,'s ami tlistiUicoH fo proinincnt iM)ints: roini I'liiii-' l.iKliil'i'ii""' MoNH l.aiiillii^ I'lijiiKi l.aiiiliii^ . S. '.".U I'... ilinliiiil I'.i) inili'N. .S. liTi K., cIlNtllllt lU llllll'N. .S. T!l y... iIInIiiiiI II ijiilcs. Sltllipirl I'dllil . \ Aiiili. .N.711 !•;.. ili-hiiil -.'d mil.' .S. :i.r K.,tli -.'M Mill.' Sitiilii irii: lliiilxir, \Vliisllii(ii Hihh/.— Ah niilumiitiv irlilxtliiKj hiioji |i;iiiil<'il willi hln,!. ,,„,/ irhili jii I jii iiili( iiliir ^(lijiis. li.is lircii iiuMPicd III llic ii|i|iliiii(li Id S.tiilii < 'i 11/ I lii: Inn, iiciu l,\ njin ili.staiil liiiiii r<)iiil Santa Cm/ ami Saiii|ii(l I'niiil. Il tics in ten latlimns of water ox ci' a ImiIIhih of liaid, coaiM'. i;ia,v .sand. Il IS lipcaiiil l>\ I lie IoIIdw inu Ileal lii^s ami (listani'cs: Saiila (ill/. I.i;{lil Ih'U'-i' I'acilic Cuanl Sli'iiniHJiiii ('i>iii|iaii.\ Saiii|ii< 1 l''inii kliart. .W.l.y N. } N. ...N.W. i \V. . N I , I j Mlill"i. I \ initi'N. I-. It is siiimlcd li.v ilic ailioii of the sea, ami tjivt-s IdastN oC two lo lliiM.> e\er.\ ininiili was plaifi 1 III Aii'Mlst. ISSS Till' seeoinlai.s astiiinoieical station of tin' Coast Survey (IS.VJ) was 011 llie topof iln- l.luii at the olcl I'liiliarradero. near llie iiead of llie westein wharf. 'riili.s. — {'he ( oirecied Ivstaltji.sliiiieiil. or mean interval lietwi'en the time of the moon's iiiumi and the time of hi-h waler. is \' IS'". I'lic mean lise and fall of tides is four and oiieu;,!li feet; of sprin^r tides, li\r and one liall feel; ami of neap tides, t w o and ninetentlis feet. I he mean diiialioii of the Hood is (>'' 47' , of ilic ehli, .")'' l."!'" ; and of the stand. (!'' "l>"'. 'I'lie a\eia«e dilleieiice liclwetii the eoireeted estaliiis'iinent of the a. in. and p. III. l''esor the same da_\ i> I' II Idi' hiL^h uaier.aiid 1' '_'■ for low wa lei. The dilVereiiees, when the moon' s deeliiialii'ii 1- lesi' twi ;.'ieaUst. are ::'' in .ind 1' •.'■>, respccli\(l\. The a\eia};e dilTen'iiee in lieii:hl of tl tides is one and I'oiii leiiths feet for the liiuli w;»teis, and two and four tenths feet foi llnKm w.il(i>. Win 11 llie 11 ii's (leeliiiatioii is jjiealist these diflereiiees are two iiiid l»i''.irli> I'eel :ind thiee ami seven U iillis leet. respeeliv I'l.v. Tlii' ;iverii;;e ililVeieme of the liij;her lii;;li ami lowi'i' low w at els of the same d..v is six feel, and w hen the moon's declination is j^icatesi. si vm feel. The lii;;lier lli^;ll t ide ill the t w illlvt'onr hours oeeuis altollt !•'' ."^L"" lifter the mooli's ii|i]., I when the moon's deeliiiatioii is north, ;iiid iiluiut 'J''.")! liel ore, wlieh .sMiiili. transit (soiitliii Tlie lower of the low w;iiers oeeurs aliont 7'' allei the hij;lier hi;:li tiile. To find the lime and heinlil of hit;h watei at Santa Cinz for ;iii.v yiveii dav, take oiii .■! !lii Toast :ind (leodetie Survey tiile tables the time for S;ili Fraiieiseo, :liid suliliaet 1' /.s li, i, from; and add three leiiilisoi ,t Innt lo the San Fiaiiei.seo liei;;ht. l-'or low Wiil«'r, siililiae! j ii". from the lime, and Iwotenihsof a loot from the heijiht as ):i\cn for San l''raiieiseo. The eon II try about Santa Cm/ is e\eeediiii,'ly prod net i\e ;iiid lliiekl,\ settled ; in l,S;S(i il.v jmi|iii latioii of I he town was .'i.s'.lS persons, and is \ ciN rajiidly iiu'ieasiuK. Steanieis mil re^;ulail,\ from .San I'laiicisio loiliis place and c•; ' 1' All (I fnuii the Sieira the expediii caii;;hl .si^ht of Point ol Pi;ies and the hail)or,s on i|s south sides without disi.'oveiiii;: ;iiiy iiidic.ilions of landmarks of the bav of Mmi deseribi'd by N'izc.iiiin. Caimel |; ly. iimh I Poiiii Cypn ss, was c alle.l the - ll.ilb !,■■■ MicP 'I lie- It was Used \>\ the Sp.mlsh ;;alleoiis on their reliiin from Manila to Mexico. .Iiian Pci-/, h 1771. eall;i 111.- li.iiliiii ,,t .\|,.iitcre,\, San Carlos ile Monterey, lie had l''ather .liiiiipero S.'ii.i ini lii" vessel. The |;,iv ,,| S.iii l':.imi.sc.( w^s lirsl entered b\ n ve.s.sel from Monleiev. % mill li'iii liliill .MIMl I'lllll •Mil- i.sl' IMII 1- ■ tUP r liiu rlllll- ll A\li\ ■~i vrl: until. >l'llii- llirl, ,.u|,ll ,1.1- sv nil i\ ii.ii: .i..Mc iM.nl I. II il'' ,1 "'I ;li>'iii i;;ii'r ]> .ma ;l- iiii'^. 1,;, H M i, -i r %: m mm '■IB ! • J'ltlBHJIJj .r y- . ^ g^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 11.25 mm 125 150 "^" ■■■ IS Ui .».,. U£ 12^ ■ 40 12.0 J4li4 Photographic .Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MA»i STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. V'^«Q (716) S72-4S03 \ iV SJ <^ o^ '^ f % i ' H :i s)V k I i\ i { n. ^^1 4i iv r ^ If m -,^.****»«r '•♦»*•%»,, "^yi^iv^; '^■^-^<;^• -rr^-'-Fr^-~r.- ■ r». -«► ■»- ' -mf ••^■JP'?'^.^-. I'liiiil KI Jurrci. K. Iiy S t S.. I iiiilit<. Sllllll lllull I'lMIII, "4 llllllMI. **^"^^V^.V ■I— . ■ 1 i i .i ii r i t-Vj-» ^ . - ' ^ JL^ it^"- ^— .- J'tiiui KI Jarni, N\V. liv W.T Saiiil Bliifl roiiit. ■r' '.Jr«*. V- ^' ,w ^Ifl^-nnimi,. *f- »«»■ y»" •-» _ r yr^am' iWL.. !-,..^.^»T^^^ '-JrjrjCl» » • ♦ /•.. •■ ' j'^K ^•^ -J— .^ -■.!!»**- -^ - >^:':^ Hoiut Ano Nuevo ( Inirt i NW. by W., ti mill's. Hig |{ul('li !'«•' Illirr I A |iit'liiiiiii!i li.iv M I' li i'm;isI I l..!iMic liiif, w WMI'll >")' illlOtiK NU. U> W. > V line li'i liM- mill' lllirs of I .mil III!' ctiiist is I.I. 1. 11!'), Illlt III wlivii .1 \rrv not |i'> uiV sliori', I till' |ii\Mr |i;lll Alliiv.i Viio Nlli ilii(iii;:li till' liill ili'il.nit seven mi |i>|i^ 111 ilie norti III lilil.s rtlnilf, mill' \\rs\ U\ Nini III I'jili stilly, iit liiMisr the town I I'liiil III' I lie liill.s. Tlieie i.s ;l i|i li.iir miles west \v III! /'i liiiiiii' I iiii L'lvcs we.sl (S. (i> liiiikiii:: to (lie \v ■iihI .1 i|iMrlt'r n iMiiM' ilieii' is a I aliiiiii luo iniiiili < *iii' anil oiii i'liiiil there is a Siilii- |ieltol'ati Ihi «rst iiinl a lioat S'nII, liork >t (li.s I'llll. .Hill IK i|ii'\ K no >aii|s til the sou t .so I II tl'll'.lr mill this ■'. i'liis I hiHii SiiiitaCin/, ^hll|^ Ni.ill.' Ki.el, llWlli mie i|ii;irti lliiik I "hi. i;.wk i iViiih Seeille Hoe '.ilili' luck with t I'll ill! over It. T .Vllllll Tlieii .nil "ft I II- "liter ed^ji •"< / Hill II I'i'iiii \iioNiti I'll iiiVr III,. ^,,;, lll'll- :i iiillliiji i'l I'M II H CdASI I'll. Ill 149 \ |.nliiiiinarv <'Ii;irl of >fniiti'r('\ !>»> w:is |iiilili>i| III ISti'J, Willi sr\'i'r:il .siil)si-i|iii>nt I'ljllioiis, iiiim I'i'ilil .Siiiilii Cni; III I'liinI .Aiio Xiin-n the tlistiincr is t'i;.'lili'i'ii ami a hall miles rollowin;; till' ~li'>ii- lint', wliirli at llrsl iiiiis m-ariy wt'st soiuiiwcsi t',M tlirt-i' iiiiU-s, ciii'viii;; llicii ln is iiiiitjiwi'st l»y wrsi llni't' i|iiarti'rs we:;'. NW. i>\ \V. / NV.) Ill llii' mrkv islrt nIV I'liiiit Ann Niicvn. 'I'Im' kelp iIim's mil ixinlei llie coast iiiir |i" ii\*> Iiiiies noil li west wai'il of Santa Cni/., Init at that ilislaiiee it skirls the shore to witliin iiiii'i' 'Miles of Point Afio Niu'vo. 'I'lic line of nioiintaiiis Ivlii;; lietweeii the San l.oreii/.o liiver Mill till' coast is llaiikeil li,\ a clitf faeeil iciiaceil talile lami for twelve iiiiies to Jiisi iioilli of i'ojiit I.I .Ini'i. lint the ri notlcciililc ;;i»|» iM'cnrs. N'cssels in Miniiiiiu noithwaiil report that when alioiil four iii]|i'~ oil slioie, ami nearly lip with the I'mnt, the ^'ap is alieaiii, ami can lie i|i>iiii;^iii.^lieil when III' liiAir part of the shore Is olisciireil l>y low fo;; oi' haze. || is art of a talilei'iick. lull the ■ i'i\ '- nut so liiy;h as the clitf. There is a second and lower one standin;; nearly two liiimlreil ■ inh til the sonthward of it. I'riiiiid this point to the north nortliwest the land lises from the shore in four very marketl 'iinii IS. This point lies south se\i'nfyei;,'lit de;,'rees west iS. 7S W.* three and four tilths miles 'iiMii S.intat'iii/. I.i^ht'lioiise, liiit thev are not interv isiltle on aeconnt of the ronmliii'' iiilcrx eiiiii;; i fe 'V\ * c !^' ii Nl iille Kock can lie seen from Sand Mill I'lhilV. which is two and I wo- thirds miles to the west liy "iili line (piarter ;iortli (W. l»y N. \ N.). It is locally known to the steamer captains as Sail ll.iik htl'lr /I'licA- is a mile and two thirds to the west by iiorlli oiic-ijiiarter north ( W. liy N. | N.) w'cille lioek Point, and one mili> li'om Sand Hill lilntf. < lose under the clilfs there is a lar P' 'I 'Ilk With t wosheh ilia's, of which t he lii;:lier is 1 w cut \ leet alioxe the water, lint the swell ^'ocs '•'< i^i'i It. 'I'here Is deep water close olf It, and kelp on iside hence to Sand Mill I'llnlf and lie- riii'ie isa depth of ten fathoms w iihin a third of a mile of the shoi'c, and li\i' and si\ fathoms 111' Miller ed^'e of the kelp. Tliei'c isa l>i;,'cave in the clitf alioiit half a mile to the east liy south II ^•■■■••l liai llhifl'. — This is that part of the Ion;,', roiindin;,'' shore that is tirst seen after passing ' \iio Niievo w hell cominj; from the northwestward, and the lop of tjieclilf is the lowest of three '11 iiiiirked teir.ices .vl|OW in;: alon;j this line of the coast. The s imlstoiie c!ilfs lisealioiit lilty feet invr til.' sea, and areof nearlv niiil'oriii heiuhi ; Imt on the top of this sli^jhtly projectiii;; clilV "'I' ■■ a iiiiindinu; hillock of white sand. The hillock is white on the norihwest side and Lneen ? i l.V) I'Acirir cuAsT I'li.iti'. til llic soiitli»>iist. It is n well nc'ocni/i'il liinilmmU lor tlic rfiasliiif; sti'iinnTs niitl scliooncr**. Hi,, ^-iitillii'in t';ii'i> ol' this ixiiiit is one thinl ol' a iiiili> Imii;;, cast ami west, ainl tlii> wrslrrn I'arr i> ■„■ liait'ol' ji mill' loiifT. iiortli. i in i-itlMT •iitlfiilii iliiTc is a deep ;:()r;,'i' liiat Itn-aKs tlirmi^'li tlir tcrrat'cd land. Hiio ;:<«•);•• Is a i nj of a mile to llii> iiortliNvcst, and the iiitiiitli of llif Ldiiiiiin, u here tlii> land is low, and tlic sti m di'ltonclii's tliriint:li ii liroad ami stfi'|) Nam! IxmcIi. TIp- othir );or;;i> isovt'r lialfa ndlr to tin , .■ ward, and is Kmivvn as r.iitjli llh n fiiih li, \\ liirli o|ifns npnii Ilic Mlioii'ori|ifsli;;)it liijjlit lict wren I liti,. Itork and Sand llill ItlnlV. This ;;idi'li shows almost \frliral columnar shaped rlill's lialf ;i i|,. inslilc. It is tilled with timhtM' and seems toeiit the teriaced eoast riili;<> elear throuKli to the i c s| lim-. There are farm lionses near the month, which is marked liy a short sami Iteaeh. The stra;;;;liny: kelp line lies verv close nndei' the elitVs of the point, and the lieep water en.,!, , elose to their hase. The tivi> tathom enr\'e lies only one Inindietl and seventy yaids otVshoii ,i II de|ilh of eiy:lii fathoms of watei- is fonnd onl\ a ipiaiter ol a nnic from shore. The jjeo^irai.! n position of the point is, latitude ""tP ."»S' ,!'< W'.i. Krlp — There is a ;;ap in the kelp tiehl fill ovei- a mile to the westward of Saiid llill liliii: then it eontinues, hut not compaeil.x. close under the elill's for nine miles to l!i<; (iiileh .r eastern jiart of .Nfio Nnevo IJaN. tin the eoast, one and a iliinl miles west nortliwest ( W N U . , from Sand Mill lilull. m rcaililv reciii'iii/cd houses nC ilic .sidcliank l>aii\. Mere the .\rro\o .San N'ieenle .p hcaeli three Ipiarters of a mile from Williams l„indiin,; and three and a half miles tioin I'.' i ' I I dai III. \\'ini'iiii\ l.tiiiilii\ ■> I'oiiil .\iiu Niii'Mi. Ilieie is in.iiki'il on the eli.ut Willi. iiiis Landiii;: and Williams 4'liiiie. i .< was |i>iiueil\ a l.indin;; here, and atleiw.irds a iInIii;: cIiiiIc was thrown mit lioiii the liliiil > : i eaj;e haiiled nut on a wire calile. ThcNesscN aiiihnied ilinler it w illi their sterns ncaih i- lireakeis. It li.is lieen alt.iiidnned since l.Sii'.l. The soiiili pniiit of the creek is a hold, lii_; . ;!, esliiiiated to lie seventy feet aliii\e the water. I'A -liinit I'oiiit. ~Vn\h<\\\\\)i the re;;iilail> cur\ in;: coast line northwestward from Sain ' vt. Lijiht for ele\cii and two thirds miles is the low, Miill' point of ICI .larro. with luoad, lo« i ii--'; land oil eiiliii- side. The jioinl has iiiilv a vei.\ sliylil priijeciiiin lievond the ;;eiieral ciii\. ■■ liaf eoast line. It is within one mile nf the iioilheiii Hunt nl llie well inarked talile land hitli' i ' il^ .Santa t'lii/. I'rom I'.iliit .\i;o Niiev o f.i;;w hist Ic, It lies south si\i\ threeile;;rees ea^t (S. <■ I ), distant .seven and a half miles. ... Ilicakcrs Mieich nut one cpiaiter of a mile from the point when a \.\v niie and t liree ipi.ii ti is miles liom sh.n. > :|| rey;iilar lioftum : luit the one hiindrcil f illiom line i- seven miles from shore, ov cr coarse lil i ^'ray sand and mud. Thence the decline of the liottoiii is verv y:reat tonne thousand till ahoiit tliirtv mi Northward o<' V.\ .larro, the one hundred tathom line stretches well westward, liciiij,' fuiirteen miles nil' riy;enn I'miit. The Aiiovn del .lairo. or .Scntt's (.'reek, opens on the lieacli a mile and a half In lli' ■ westvvanl nf the pniiit. Tliele IS a sli;:lit iiiilelilat inli ill the shore line to the eastward of the point whele a wn lieeii limit iiiit tnr the slii|iiucnt nf pindiiee. This is called Davenport's l,an(lin}.', fnr di>' iilj ol which >ee lielnw . I''inni Point i;i .larro we have the followin;: liearin),'s and disiaiiees to prominent poin:- I'liMit I'liiii.. l,l;;lil liiiiisi' i; I'.., ilinlaiil '.T null' I'lUiit Aim .N'liivo liig.wliihtlr .N. ii:! \V., iliaUtlil iiliulir n ft \ m m m I,' • 'H K ' >^ 'i-, :! '.a IS '1- ,i;, ''!'■ »'i r ^ ! H :J 11 ir lil "■^C- '.^^*!5i^!s :f?^' Nrcflli- rmiil. K.iist r.ti iiiilff M.mnt C'ttrim-I, 4. 417 fref. M iiiilen. '*y-^- »r ''"*'" -TV?? !< .- . •, ■ « , *i-'>~(,-r-i :;Ti; ^ ,-:>cr?-iir--:^->T>F^ 1,1 llliil! I'.. nil, 4i mil.' ,1 1{,„.1<. ,irN-e.l Ir lio.U. E.by S., T milM. i' I i fflkl 1 ^>f»H' 1 «!'r^iBll^Hi i Sutl 2H ^^H ! . ^SB^H H ' iMIUfi !■ ' n'\'^^H i^R : '.wyH II i ftS 11 i i I it. 1 i i ■ rS' 'if •;,,V HI i W: \p n. 4 lli5, ZAj A. •■—.>- -v "•■ ^,,«,'**f """^"^■^■f*^. ,,'^ riiint Ano Niuno r.L'w luetic". N'F. jK . Imili>«. KC. ■Jt i.. ^f P^^ ^ ,. > »<'._''-" s>s.^^_. .^ __^ \ft.i Nui'v.i, SK. In !■: . U, null' -::^JM».aJKi :':l',J K ' a. I'nirit Afici Nin'vii, t iiiilc" Sa'iil r 1, I,. Iiy S f S.. Ill iniliin. Tlic (listaiK Ihirrnporl'i lil • ■ i|iiartcrs < . n .iliil)lt'n'S( a!: 'A has ljttlt> :l . i! was s\v ■1 'i, ■utTs load 1 ill Iiccciiilx ■•.,,• iiurtli ami vliail at tl ^,1 ilic landing .'!(■ ,. 11 lii'if anil l!ir lliri't' 1 ■rV! . •■ .lie t\V(» 1 uii unit's s :lir in|i of the (1 1 inin I'llillt ■ iM iii'f iioiiit. _liM 1 1 HUM'S in r ;• !. 1^ >|iiiti' a lot .;. ■ ■\ iiitii a till iii'ii •Ai'.xiwaiil ( mir \ 'iiin;: y:iii(' \llr \H ili'-y arc i I'lll 1 iiiiM' Id till' The liclp ski till. 1- ?!iil»'s IVoni h' uiiikin;; < |.|: |Miint lit PIM '11 III,:;' saiiil, P,,i. 1 ' 1 11/ laii^t \ ■.ii.irtiT 111 In: ■ 1 n|,,|iiii-; tli^ 1_ nil t'DXt'lt T(,i ■ l:1iI sji;ns «l: ''i.i>t in it. fr. i ■ ■ \\ r.stv ,11' n ■!ic- anil ; 1." ' H liall'a tlh ' ' . lint iiif Dii .1. ■ I'lrnhirs (8^^ ■ 'Mill i|,;| Ml I.|.1V\ ■ pill I.I 11 tbr •' llllllls II At i.l.'S. Illf iDi! - '■• lift;. r,i nil' ' lll-l' till' ■11 1 hi II II «.■■ M'St (\\ nor • <|ii wit ilcril \\ tk I'AClriC COAST IMI.oT. 151 rinili.stiUic«>t<>Siuita('ru/, lii;;lif, followiiij; tlu'foiist in tni fiitlioins, is «'l(\fii nixl oiio »iiiartt'r Ihirrnporl'n A«m»/i »(;/.— Tills laiitliii},' is lofiitcil at tin- iiiniilli ofa j;"'*''" '" tlio very small higlit liii , i|iiartt>rs of a iiiilc to llu' oastwanl of roiiit I".! .larm. It is (iiiitc cxposfd ami a very iiii- (iiih)i>iliiMt'n'sort with i-iiiit rsmnmcror wiiiti'i- wnnls. Tlii'ic arc iiii humous rocks in llicanclioia};*', \\li:i li has little water. The ole(;n re ciectcil. Only sinail steanu'rs ami >ciii..iiicis load here; nioorin;;s are laid onlside for them to hail! out to. In l>cceiiiher. ISSI, theic wen^ two wharves at the inonlii of the ^riilch. where the white elitfs liiil'i north and scnitli of it are altoiit seventy leet hi;;li. Tiie old wharf is on the south side, tho y.'W rtiiarl at the north side of the fiiilch. It is used occasimially. There was a ;rrcat lircak oiit- M(|i' tlic landing; andacioss the wtiole front. The elilVs in this vicinity are of nniforiii height, and lircKcii here and there with ;;nlclies. Ilic three teriaces on tlie mountain front are particularly plain here. Ahove the se<;i»ml Icii.ici- .lie two well marked trianu'ular ai'cas on the slope of the hills. luo miles sonth of l>aveiiporl"s Landin;;, Iheie are sexeial ;;iilchcs, with two white hoii.ses on till lop of the clilfs and on the north side ofMlie pi jiicipal aiinyo. i'lnni I'itiitt HI Jnri'o to Point Ai'm Siitfn the coast line iclrcats a mile and a half eastward of i llii'"l, liter point. .Miont one and a half iiiiles inirihwest ward of rojnl lil.lairoa hroad, woodcil j jy a li li..' iiross the .\rrovo del .larro with a house near it, six and a half miles soiiiheast from I'oint An N icvo fo};vvhistle. I'liINT ANO Mi; VI'. Tli!< point lies eij,diteen and a half miles Iroin I'liiiit S.iiita ("rii/. and is formed liy rolliiif; hills 01 -I'M III, L,' sand, V arv in;; from twent v In one hum lied leet in elev at inn, while heliiiid 'hem rises the S^.ii 'I I 1 11/ raii;:e of monntains, attaining; a liei;;ht ol lil'tecn liiiiidied feet in four nr live miles. A •luaitclot a mile ontsiilc the piiliil lies a Idack, ia;^\:;ed islet, alioiil tliirtv feet hiuh, consist- In.'"' 1 sliipinn; |ed.i,'e of rocks covered with a stlaliim of vellow clav, alioiil lour feel thick, and til- I. nil ciiveied with sand ( IS.")'! i. Ihit in Isi'.K-TO 71 the cnv ei iiii; of sand did not exist and ?i i\ 'if^U\ SI "lis remained of the patches of clay. I'll is rocky led ^c is one of the most daii;;eroiis on 'I, . roast 111 its relation to the larj^e amount of coast trade. In thick ueather a vessel comjny; friiii 'ill west\r half a mill' lolhe east southeast ( I'.Sl'., i t hat selves to lireak the swell helore reaching; till ' lull incre.i.sin;; tin- dann;er lo vessels appiii.ichiii;; (roiii the southeast ward around to IKi.: . .1. / ' /i»('r(/./ r.v are repiii ted oil' l!ie islet ; tile liist lies alioiil one i|iiaiter of a mile siinth South West (8>'' '! 'Ill ii.and the second alioiil one tliiin of a mile south. With alaiueswell these Itreakers «tl I.IMVV. I It li III' live fa I hums of water Is funinl jiist outside the isIci, and the ten la I hum line is less U'l ' ! Iiiiils iif a mile from l he pniiit llsell, and alimil 11111' tliiid ol' a mile 1 mi side the I'ou whistle. At ' lis. the depth of water is lliirtv talhiiiiis mcr ;;ieeii sand and mini : .it I'mir and a half ^'<^ - lilt;, I'.ilhinns ii\ er meeii in in I ; at cIcmii miles, It is one hit in I red I'.itliiiiiis ov er line ;;ri'eii I'"! 'Hie the slope lo the one thonsaiid I'alhom line is sliarp. 'II hiiiiijtr. In the approaches trom the northwesi a lai;,'e hody of kclji stretches north- W^ u'si (NNV. hy W .) one and one third miles from the islil ; and inside this field, one mih^ *•' ■ 'MIC ipiailer west (N\\. | W.) Iimii the lni; whistle and h ill'a mile I'loiii shore, is a rock "''' iiiiii feel of water. The lliiee l.iilinm curve lies ahoiil half vv.iv hetwoen (his rock and tH-ii'i,'. l!'!.'.- Ill (1 m ;i; >-i •li, '.It j % 4 \i !^ I'Alini' CnAST I'll.lH". A ruck witli iiino fcft of water niuui it is nuMilioiifd in tlic riilldwin;.' dcsciiiitioii: I'liiiit Ai'io \iii rt> Am Imrii'ir. — Tiiis is a .smiiiiii'r aiirliin.ij,'!' loi i 1 li.\ tin- sti'etehiii; half a mile east soiilheasi (I'.HK \ fioiii the isli ; A nine tool roek lies in this kelp liehl, near its southern e\lr«'mit\, ami sexeral other pateheswiih less than three lallioiiis of water aie loiiml in it. Willi a stilV iiorihwestei Idowiii;;, ami a lai.i .swell, this reel'lireaks hea\il\. Iml even then Ihiic is a ;^oii| l^e at the anehiHa,!.'e. Two ami three tjnaiteis mih s (lire<'tl\ east I'l Afio Nii< \o Islet is the iiiouih of the Arri del Ann Niie\o, or Hi;; (iilleh. ami the deepest indentation of ihe eo\ e lies three «|iiartels of :i nu , Iioitli of this iinr. Alony: the north slnne of the aiiehola;;e lie se\ eral loeks close under the san. eiiveied Mill)'-.. The laiuest and highest of these r<'cl,s has a iiotalih' perforation niiinin;.' almij east and wcnI. At the easici ii pari of the ha\ . and at Ihe north end of the liri;;lit clills, tlierr .m I wo w hilf lioMM s on llie;:ras>v lilnlV, which ist'oitv feel hi^li. The best placi' tor aiichoiiii;,' is in ei;;hl falhonis w hen the mitldle of the islet lieai west l.\ li..;i 8oiitli (\V. Iiy S.) distant seven ei;;htlis of a mile, and roint Ni'W \\m whail' noiili, disiaiil a mile. In this pnsiiion the eastern extremitv of the three falhom h'd;^e rnnniii;; on! from iln islet hears soiitiiwesi (.SW.i di-taiit half a mile. The .1 (ill \iii Cfi r»(( /,• Ihvw s thron;^li a narrow vallev with sii'ep hillsides envercd in places u iih timlu r. It is sometimes known as Ui;; Ciiilch. There is a maiUed ■•a ml rid;;e a I the moiit h uf il j> strc.im. hiuher at the sdiithern extiemil v. and almiil h.ilf a mile in leii^^lii. iK.wii the west miIi of the aricivo a wdodcii tramw.iv wa> l.iid for c.iii \ in;; icilw dud In ml id. .\tler reach in;; its niniiili it was eonlinucd aloii!; the lace of tlii' lii;;li vcllow i>.li lilnll, w iiii the yr.ide lisiiiu inwards the mimiIi llv til the e.islciii point ol the ri>ckv lcd;;e in the mnlliuisi end, and then for I wo mil es west war part of the liav : Iml this has liecii de^tld.\ ed, and in I >( ceiiilici, 1>S|, the line on I \ aloii; tlic I. lie of the MiilV was \ i.> isilile. and pail ol the Ireslle woiU w ashed down to the lia^e of the liliili. Tl bold coast rid;;i' rises diic oi' wad i. wlieie coast el n cmi discliar;;e ;ind load. The end of the w hai I' lie> one mile noi I heasi ^ N i'l.) Iiein the eastern cud of the i^lct. Mom in l; biio\ s an- laid olV i lie w hai f. 1 1 i^ repoi ted that llii' u inlc r sol It Ilea St ;; ales cut aw a.\ the saild.x beach and shoal tlic am hoia;;e so that on I \ the li;;lilevl \ c^m l> call load : l>iit the slimmer w iiids and cm reii) ai;ain (lecpeii it. The wharf w as soiiiet lines kinm ' as Waddcll's Landiii;;. In bs.S.l we lonnd the wli.irf washed awa>. I'dii WIIISI l.K AT l''il.M A.Sti MKVii. A twelve inch steam fo;; whistle i in dilplieatei has been eslablished on the sontliwfsti i n ei seawaid side ol ilie locks islet oil' this poini. and li.i.> been III opeiMlion diiiiii;; thick am Weather, da > and ni'd it, since the I'lMli Ma\. IsTJ. It i> soinided e\ er\ si\l\ li\c si i,.--i d-. 'Ih. >liii. tion of the liliisl is till .S(( (>«(/\. and the (/(/(/■(■((/between 111, isis is /(/>(/ /('(•(■ A(cc.i/((/.v, Tlic 111 |Mi\ duelling IS one and a half stories hi;;li, imilt ot wood, and painted li.uht biitf, with brown looi. I; stands east b\ north Irom the l'oy:si;;nal house, which is also painted li;;lit bnlf with blown lui.i. This fo;;-siy;iial must not be mistaken foi llie steam uhislle at l'i;jiiin Point, olil\ li\e aiei elH^ (piariei miles iioiih loriv seven dc;;rees west (N. IT W. . and which has blasts of fmir si,..-,(s separated li\ alleinate iiilei\ .ils of se\iiiiii mil 11 III liluiV .'S. (■,:; K.. .li.M ,nl II J rniMi i;i .t.uKi I'llllll I' M l.l-llt., I'igriiM I'limt bij;lil . li:'. I) , ilislalll *l lllllr i: , iiisMiii It To Saiilii < i'i;;lt;ceii ami I' Ihe dislaii ■fli.. C. S. ( l"-."!! ; ami its tl I'llii's to I'lode;; A study of was I lie );reaf ii viil.i el' .San I'Vii Will cov ered w ( >ii Ihe elia I'niiit Ano ilrsriilied as " )l ».iiil. iiiakiii;; a u liiih the name in ITC.!*, I»( Miiiiril Ihe latitl Sieamcrs e( ;lie l.iiiil III the s .^l.|||y of Ihi Ittrili I'liini S,ll ;i till- localily 1 U\r\ I'l.iv , yet } iiiii;; ■lown to th Till' most n h'iriiiii nil Ihe L'i i"iifs: Weather ^iiv.iii 111 and cr Tlic nj}' slmrt 'liiil r.itlii.m.s is I iiiiisl nearly up v liifiiri' inns noil >iiis iihtained onl ■ii'lil I'niiit Sant; I'l'iii; Ahii Niiev "■■II k s.iinl and i "I siiiiiidiny;s. tin ;»iilliiiiisand fat -ri'.il lieplhs wa.> '''(("('■// ('(ill) . ■■Spanish iiav i;;al ■iliillalls \isible '•l'-(iiiii' special f( 1''ll 111 tlie .S;,|l I "•lii'lii'lire at the "i-lifi .Hid aliov !'iv>M < liiw.irds ) 'I'lVi'llicen,.,! ('., ^'Iiili he llist saw '''-'■ He was se ""'*-'<>, and Iho,' "'ii'''l I. IS Sierra '"•.^ ll.lliled <■((/),) ''"•"'aiiode Nir A>.(ll his hit '""•'I''.:" earn! a 1'i"|.r II,.. JViiin .N. IT W., ilJHtaiil .'li inili'^. VACIKK" COAsr I'll.or. IftS T'l Siiiitik Cniz Lij;!!-, •*olK>\viiin tin* sliort' in tt'ii ti> twelve faflionis of water, tlio ilistanee in rj;;li!ii II ;iinl two tliirds in li'ii. llic tlistiiiiee to tlie Itar of San I''ranei8Co I'.a.v is forty miles. 111.' I". S. Coast anil (iemletie Siiivey |)ulilisliiil a eliait of Point AfioNuevo Aiieliora^ie in I".'.!: anil its piieral features anil relation to tlie coast an- shown on tlu> eoast eiiart from I'oint I'lii,.^ t>i r>oile;;a lleail. A siuil.v of Calirillo's narrati\»» clearly imlicatos that Caltrillo's t'alio de Niove (Snowy ('a]»e) was ihe tjreat mountain mass pressin;; o iiiwanls in tliir. \ irinil.\ fmm the liacklione of the jieiiin- sill. I 111 San l'>anciseo. He was a pmil tlistance from the coa^t ami |iasseil it when tlie moiintainH HHi iuMTcil with snow. (See deseiiptioii of Snowy ("ape iielow.) (Ill ilie chart of N'izcatno the point is nanietl I'niita ATio Niicvo. I'niiit Afio Nnevo is mentioned by Ailniiral .Iom' t'alirera jiiieno s in IT.'M, ami ilisriiliitl as "a point of low la ml in latitmie ;i7A de^'rees, whence tlie coast runs more to the cast- Willi, iiiakiiifr a lar;;t' jjiilf until yon come to a low point of lan»l thickly woodcil to the sea, and to «lii(li the name of Point Piiios has lieen fiiven." Ill I7fi!>, l>on Miy;M'l Conslan/.i'i, the ent;iiicer of Father .Iiinipero Serra's ICxjicdition, deter- MiliM'ii llie latitude **at Point Afio Nne\o, which has a low I'ccf of rocks, .'{7^ 0\'." SiiMUicrs ciMiiinjxnpon the coast from the southward in thick weal her always endeavor to make the laiiil to the southward of Point Ano Nn<'Vo, and then follow the coast to the San Franci.sco bur. M.iny of the coast in;; steamers rei>ort their compasses atVcctrd w hen close in with the coast Ite- tttiiii I'oint Santa (.'rn/. and Point Ano Niicm). Allhoii;;;h the \ci may he pniuipally atfectcd ill ilii-. IcM'ality hy iindetei'mincil ocean ciiriciits, intlnenced liy the ^ricat siil>maiiiie valley of Mon- tcirv I'i.iv, yet j;eolo;;ists r«']iort that an extensive lied of nia;,'iii-iie iron occurs in this section rnn- i.iiij; 'Inwii to the coast w here it crops out and «'\liiliits a depth of several feet. Thr most notable «"iirrent mentioned otf Point .VnoNueso is by the Coast Survey schooner tiie L'7th May, IS.'di. when she fuiiiid a .set of sixteen miles to the sonlliward in sixteen allier ha/.\ , lii;lit variable breezes, and calm. Positions satisfactorih determined bv «»b- '.irnii; nil ii'iir^ w sii\ 111 1)1 and cross liearin''s '['\\t- I'll'-slitirr x s distance iiiiiil nearly np^^ith Point Afio Nnevo, wliereil suddenly incicases to fonrteen miles distant and liii'lirc inns lioithwest on a line l^\ in;; live miles outside the l''aialli>iies. 'i'lie deepesl .sounding >:is (iliiaiiied only »'i;;lit miles fiom shore and twelve miles soiitliwot tliieeei;jlillis \\e>t (SW. j| \V.) i'liii I 'i lint Santa Crn/, and lil'tei'ii miles soiitliea>t by simth one ei;;liih smiili (Sll. by S. i S.) tVoin I'oiiit Ami) Nue\o, The depth was three huiidied and tiiiily ti\e taiiioins over a bolloin of coarse '..i.iiid and mud, and only one mile outside the one hundredtatiioiii line. In anollier series 1 siiiiiii line's. th(> one thousand fatiiom line was placed only thirl.\ one miles olV the coast, and the ■ >!' lliiHisaiid tatliom line seveiil \ li\ e miles olf, w it h ^'reeii oo/.e bottom ; the temperature at tlie.se .rr.it iliptlis was nearly .'L' ' I'ahrenheit. ^Hn.ci/ <>(/»■. — Tlieie is no such point known today to onr navi;,'ators, but when the early ''paiiisli naMfjators were on their voya^;es ol di.sctivery tlu-y frcipieiitls noted bold prominent milliills \ jsilij,' from a j;ood distaiii'e sea « aid, and jzave tlieiii names tVniii the Chin eh Calendar iMuiie special feature. Snowy Cape is one of these l.indmarks. It is tnriucd b,\ a ^ri'at tiaiikiii;; I 11 Hi ilie San Fraiici.s(!0 Pt'iiiiisnla mountains pressing; towards the ocean. It may be said to ' 'iiiiiiriiif III t|it> north side of llij.' (inlch, and runs with increasin;; lo'i^hl to the northwestward. ilii;iiiT and altoM^all the shore line, which may be hidden in lia/e or mist, the ^'iiat rocky rid^'e I'li'^-i s iinv.irds Middle Point, and its exposed rocky |ialclies, while under ceitain li^ht, may well ■1^1' (lii'civcd Cabrillo into iiamiii;,' It. P>nt it is very proliable that it was covered with snow 'Inn lie liist saw it, as he was rnnMiii;f .sonthwanl betbre a heavy sea on the 1S|h of November, ''-'. Ill- wa.s seekin;; for ii port when he "discovered some very Inl'ty nionntaliis which rise to ''"■•sk\, ,md tli« ,sea beat upon them. They were covered with snow to the suninilt, and were 'iinii'il l.a.s Sjeiriis Nevadas, and the principal lUie forms a cape wliich pio|ects into the sea, which '||\ 11. mild ('((/><>(/(' ..V/rr<' (Snowy Cape). The coast runs north iiorihwest and south .suntliea.>-.. I'lusCii,,,,!!' N ieviv is in thirty and ei'dit dci'iees and two thirds of a device. A-- .ill his latitudes were too ^treat, ran^jiii;; from til'ty minutes at the southward to more tli III "lie ill and a half at the northward, we niav well assume that his latitude of tills ^real lateral I'll" fi' III.' I'eniiisula Mountains is about .17 ' OS' Tit lUli 1 1 ) 'i^' i' ris; M i.jiiyi' 154 rA( iric ( oAsr ni.or. ri'iTclt) did not s«'«' tlio «'iip«* "" •'•'' "<'^l voy;i};o iiortliwnvd, nor on liis llniil vo.Vii;;i" son n ward. IMOKON POINT. Tliirtv nitif and u half niilos north fifty dt-prnvs west (N. riO"^ \V.) from Toint I'inoM I,i;;l!: i, Pitlfon I'dint, wiili a li;;lit of the liist order. It is a <'i>in|iar:ili\ flv low, rocK.v iioint. hmh- aluiipfly altoiit (illy tVcf ahove tin' sea. witii a low ni-ck of half that clt'vation immediately in-iil,- tlio Lijaht. and thenee !.'radiially risinf; into };rassy hills. Ileliiinl it rise the ridjres and nu)nni:iMis of the I'eMiiisula of San Franeisco, marked by forests. From I'oint Afio Ninvo Islet it Imus north forty .seven de;;rees vest (N.47 W.), distant live and a «inarter miles. Otf tlie iioju: li,. threoor fonr nuiderately lar};e detached roeks stretehin>; out three linndred ami fifty yards .slihI, sixty five de},'rees west (.*^. fi."P \V.) from the Li^jht house. Inside the point to the eastward. :iii'| about one hundred and tiliy yards noitln-ast of tlu' I.i«ht, is a small <'ontraeted boat landiii-. available only in ^'ood weather. There is a whaling station here, and several lar^e store Ikhi^.v have bi'en bnilt on the bInlV aliove this landiri}.', and a eiiute, with lon^ oufstretrhliii,' bonins .i-il taekle, has been const iiicted by which small coastiii;; vessels are loaded.* lint all fre';,'lit for Ihi- phu'C is delivered in surf boats and c.irried on shore on sailors' backs. There is anchoia;;e uikIci I'igfon I'oint, and it is reportetl as sonn'what better than the avera^re of these c-xposed pines; bnt it is broad open to the south, ami there is very little protection from tiie summer winds .nhj Kwells. Point r.olsa lies exactly one mile northwest from Pigeon Point, bnt the li{;ht on the laliriis seen over it for one (luarter of a mile iidaml. The shoreline from Point .\no Nuovo to Pi;,'eon Point is rocky, not liijlh, and retreats slii;liih eastward in two bights, with sandy beaciies, divided by a low, juttiii;; point called Middle I'oiiil. This is a very ineonspicnoiis ]>oint from seaward. It is low, with sand-dunes just iii>idc. I jkhi this stretch of the coast the westerly swell breaks very lu'avily. liehind the shore the lain) in's firadually to the first ridj,'e, which has no trees uiion it; then the inclination is urcatei lo ilic mountains, which are Itlack with chaparral and have larj;e redwood tri-es in the f,nilches. Nr.n Point Afio Nue\o the fir.- -rassy rid;;e disappears, ami there i.s a broad mesa land back IVoni ilic boacli,risin;; sharply to the nionntaiiis. A few farm houses are seen on tiiis mesa. A line of soiiiidint:s of tifteeii fathoms can be rarried friun half a mile otf Point .\iio Nurvn to the same distance otf Pi;,'e()n Point. There is no kelp off this shore except for one niilr i\i>i northwest (WN'W.) Innn Point Ano Niievo, alreaily described ; none off Pifjeon I'oint ii Mi coast to the northward. The one hiiiidreil fathom carve is thirteen and a half miles nil -U< - ln-tj exhibited on the l.'iili Noveiiibcr, IS72, and shows //(/.s/kk n wliii li is Imill I I I'l'iiil l.iylil-liuii»c>, >t.Micl I'lir Irtrrily .Main, liul il wan tijim n aw a,\ liy tin- (on (' tin' Hiiiillir.isl ;;;ili' mI N.i '< 1--.'). nil. ,1 V ^\ 1 li' . \ ''■■ 1 "'^m f ! . ,tm t ' ■ -1:i| 1 Ir Ifli 1: 'w- ii ■ ■■ rmnmmft J'liiiit Ailo Niii'vci Fcij; wliinfli-. SK. } K..T iiiilcH. -» ~' 'i 'i jn p t f fj yy '•'r>3~i» ii'Sji I'IKI'oii Poiiil l.i(;lil-tiiuisf, NW.,(i inilfH tliii 1 .iniitriM (IIM l>^lt' MIlll'S I ! M III lie III i!. Iiiif jiii l.l.:li ' III imt ! II' local lllr I ijIiI .sIiUI Till- ;.'-|'(>;;i' l.ali l.iini. ■|| I'l 1' ni;ii;ii III! Ilio I'liiii I'liih I'mIII .Ml. II S.illl Will.. A iiiilali|(> nil III I'll lirlil ■\ Iwrh-c i Milltlmrst (\\1 wiMllni, day II ^ium;iI is that/; "f /"■iflfire xci ^'lI'V'l Isll't, .iiii||,M.st, l''iii-::ii,i rivcii l"ll\ liTi hijili, '«ili'\.>rV,.H d< ''"/' vca A,) /">../,,„■„ ,,„ II "iiii ;ii-ii and a i-'i^' ii ill ijclail ( I'-M' .Sdlllli ■"■'■ a hill,. (•;„., li '"-"I l»l' lllllll "I'llir .l-M;;ii(.d I '"It I Initio ll'iilii ri-,.,.|| |'„i PAriKIr (OAST I'll.OT !.•;» \u.> N'lifvo iiH Tir in Point VA .f;iiio, Immiimk' ""hiIIi lil'l.x six ilfjrnM'M fitst iS. ,'(! K.) Iwcho iiikI Ihrn tiii.irH'i)* inilfs Irum I'i^'ckii roitit, jiikI sdiitli nixly tlirfi- (Ic^rcfs cii!*! (S. (i.l I'.,) m'Vcn iinil mil I W null's liitni I'oint Ann NufVo \s\v\. !i I4 III li<> iiiiti'il Mini IIh> roast liftwi'tMi l'ii.'1'on I'oint iiml I'lll.ir Point t ilcs to tin' )'iiHt\\anl ,il t'< line joining thi'iii iiliont two anil a hall' iniirs, toinini;; a loii;; l>i;;lit in wliirli Pi;;i'oii Point 1,1. . in not hi- si'cn. ! II' loral planii of the Iimis is one linmli'i'il ami lil't\ t'ri't alMivr thr mean Icxrl nl' the si'a, amt ilir I ulit .>ul(l Imi iHcrn in a lavorahlr statt; of tin' wratlnT I'loni a In-iL'tit ot — III fl- at II iIhI.'IIii I' III' 17 7 iiillr W fi'l I. Ill II lll-llll|l'l< III' I'.l.-.l Mlill'H. :ili t'l'i'l, at a ilitlaiii'i' <>( '.'i> I iiiiIih, •ill IVrl, at a iliilaiii ■' •,•■,'.;• null-.. Tlic jri'ofrrapliit'al itosllion of tint I.i;;lit, as (h'tcrinincil liy tin' Coast ami (li-oilitii' Siiivry, is: l.atitnilK ;17 111 •!•< I,( illU llllll' I ll, III llllll' 1' Wl'Hi. ii'.i" ;iiim; Till' inaixnt'tii'. variation was 'IP liO' Ivisf .lannaiy 1, I'^H.'i, with a yearly iiii'icasii ot' (I'.'i. I'liiiii llut la^^lit tin* lM'ariii;;s ami ilistanccs to iiroiiiincnt [loiiils an- as I'oliows: roiiil Siir, iiiii|m';-\vlii'.i! Siiiitlii-nst Kariilliiii l,it;lil- WlilntliiiK Itiiiiy nil' Sail I'raiii i.Hrii liar S ."ll S. 17 ,1 \. ;!i -llllllHI' . N. .-,; I* i: , ili-laiit .".s iiiili'H. I r.., ili-lant :i'.i( iiiilri. I'.., iliilaiil .'i^ iiiilrM. I W., tliilaiil '."i tiiili'K. I \V . iliitiiiit 1'.'^ iiiiliM. :| \V , iliilaiil I) III ll.' A iiotaliU* fcatiiro on llic low hillsjili- lit'liiml tlii> Li;,'lit liuiisc is an aiipaifiitly la,';;(i white I'i'Mii nii'il lii'lil. It is the rain *-.it('hiiii'n I area I'm' ilie s:i]iply of llii> li;;lit hnn.v. )j III idiiiIk. This fo;,' si;;iial must mil l>r inistaKiii for tin- .strain w histlc at I'oint Afio sli't, only llvi' ami a (piartcr niih-.s to tin' soiilhrasl wanl. ami whirh h.is Masts of li'ii M'niitls ilmation with ri';;iilar intervals of tllty live sicumls. I III- /ini(//ii/N\ hell olV I'i-ieon I'oint ami Point Ano Nni'vo is IlliuL- .I/hkh/k/ii. twenty ei^'ht liiiiiihvil ami nine teet in liei;;lit, in latiliiih iliii I'l'.iki iif the Peninsula of San l''raiieis('ii, ami is visilde from seawanl foit\ ei;;lii miles I'loiii filioie, Mil' iioilli, loii;iilmle PJ- d!"' we>l, ami l\iii^' t.iii ami a half miles north forty «le;,'rees east (N. HI ' 1',.) from Pifieoii Poin'. ll is mii' of the lull ^\ lii'ii iitV Pifieon Point the lirst eoiispii'iions lamlmark to the iiorihwanl is Mninil '/.untuhn, ilii'ii anil a half inile.s iioilli ei;,'lit «leu;rees west (N. .S' \\ .) from the point, tii;;illi. r wiili the A.ioili.j il.it riil;io of Sierra Moreiia, alioiit twenty eij;ht liiimlreil feet, in «le\aliiiii, Jiist to ll ast •iiiil s.iiiilic.ist. of /areiiilia. Sierra Morena is live miles from the .shore at th.' imnilh of the I'lin-iiii.i t'leeli. P.eyoml these, ami nearer the coast, is Montara Moiinlain, nimtii'ii hiimlicil ami '"ii\ III f liiu;h, and oiieaml three ipiarteis iiMes jnsiile the shore at .Montara Poiiit. ll lies mirtn l«i ii \ >i veil ile;;rees west. (N. '1','^ \V.), t weiitytliree miles from Piy;eiiii P.iiiit. // s,n miundiiit/s irist i>f I'i (jciin I'oint. — These soiiiniin^'s were iiiaile liy the P. S. steamei ;«/.,/. ,„„ ,,„ {>,.(.,. I, |l„.|. o()||, ,,|„| 21.st, 1.S7.5; they liejjiii Just oiitsiiU' the one humlieil fathoiii line. """'"■II ami a half miles north ei{,'litysix de^'iees west (N. .S(P W.) from l'i;,'eoii Point. They are r'i^' ll ill iletail on pap' |(!,'{. Iii.-^e soiimlin;,'s imiicatt" that the one thmisaml-fathom line ami the deep iilateaii of the Pacititr •III- 1 little farther otl" shore than abreast the Sierra Sr. ta Lucia. Very ciirioiisix, the deep .somid- '"!■' "I i'>ii llioiisand one liiindreil and .si.xtv live fatlio., > is only six inile.s northea.st (NK.) of i 1110 "I tin --i^'iied positions of the Vitiila liock. IVm / '/ lliilxd — This is the ("ape Toinpiiii of TelieiikolV and others, and is one mile northwest " I i:;iiiii Point ; it is a Hli),'lit proji'ct ion, rocky, Init (jiiite low. The three fathom cnrxe is only } -I I i:.G I'Acinc coAsr I'li.oT. ^ f' four liiiiidrcil ysinls from tilt- slion*, and tlif f wtMitvfatlioin lino i)ii(> and on»Mit'tli miles from 'i, lioiiit. 'riic I.ij:lit fi'diii l'i;rt>(in I'nint shows over I'oint liolsa. 'I'liis is till' souilicrninost point visiiile tVoin Montara I'oint. tin- liiu' cnttinir jnst ontsidc I', .11 IVscadi'Vo. .Mitntara fo I'oihf lies four miles noillnvest l>y norlli (N\\'. I>y N.) from ri;:eon Point, ami iiiis the same fii'iieral a|i])earani'e as the two jireeedinj:. The shoreline is iieaily str; '/lit. « it Imu' kelp, and the lil'teeii fathom line, with hard botfoin. is aliont one mile olf shore. There ;ire pliitv of roeks within the tiireelatlioin line, which reaches out six hundred ,\ aids IimH' a mile to the iiorili west 4)f the point. Tliere is ;i siinhin rm-k, with seventeen feet n|ioii it. 1, iii}: si\ hiinilicil ;iiid iif\ yards sonlli ity west half west (.*>. U\ W . \ \\ .) from the point, and well outside the three l:ii| 1 curve, .\notlier smiliiii rdc/,-. w illi fourteen feet of \vater upon il. iicailx one-third of a miN' ml shore ami outside the three tathoui line, lies nearly one and a half miles southwest by south bill soulli (.^\V. liy ,'^. A S.) from the jioiiit and almost lUi line to I'oint llolsa. Alxiut one and a half miies soiithea-i of the point there is the 0|- 'iiini; of a small creek with 1 pelilily Iieacli. I! mail oil' Pesciidero I'oint I In' thirl \ fathom I in.' lies threeaiid a half miles from shore ; Im; mii soft ;:reeii iiind: the lifty fathom is six and onethird miles, soft ;;i'een mnli the iioi lli sidi- of tii" iiu ' III ol llic Pescadeio there is a ;;iiod saiid liiacli ; 011 the south side, towards ||ic point, is a low reddish liliill. With a ha/..\ atniosplicre o\'er the land the Ion i;. low. dark soiithern poiiit, half a mile h^tiir. cnnii^ M:r plainly. Tliere are two or three houses on it alioiit half a mile from its northern eMreiMi'\. A' ccrl/iin times of the day thi' el i If (d' the south point is in shadow and show s Id.ick auMinst tlie u ia;i lifjhted up liiulh shore elilf inside. From the Airoyo del .\no Nuevo to the Pcscadero. the ;;eneral torination of the iiiiiiMili i|i' sea Ixtard is that <>f a table land of the three lerr.ices, the lowest ^'radiially slopini: fr ih" l',i>r of the seeoiul to the coast ; I lie nnderlyiliij s! r ll'iiii is sandsionr ; the d.irk crest line ot' iln' ,,, ..iii( ains inlaiKl is co\ered with pine. i'nnii /'(.M ./'/( Co I'liiiil III I'illdr I'liiitt. which fori'isthe southwcslern (loiiit of Half M 1 l;.i\. the t;eneral ilirectiim is northwest byiioitli ( N W. I)\ N. 1. and the distance til'ieeii and one ijinil miles. The shiue retreats about two and a half miles to the eastward 111 tin- liistei^hi iihl. . The clill's h.ive a siiioolli xcllou and chalky appeaiance. and present cpiite \cilical f.ices 1 .1- the sea. Soul li ot Pcscadeiti ' "reek the color of the el ills is re Idisli ami more irre;,'ular. 'I'liiie and a ipiarter miles northward of tin' I'esc.idero opens the Siui (Irnini in. anolln 1 siii;ill stream. W'liell olf the nioiilh of the S.iii tirciiorio valley, a lar;,'e bl" id b.iiii is si'cii 111 the ninlillr of the valley about one mile in from shore. Two miles still further north opens t!n' TkiiiIiI' ('nd. acioss which is seen a lattice brid-je. The sea boaid lictweeii Pcscadero Creek and a iioini twn miles north of the Tiinitas iin ^i,'"^ a stiikiny; change both in the character of its topo;.'r.ipli\ ami its ;,'c.ilo-\ . Insie.nl of the ; iiniil table kinds wc meet with II iiikiny: or ti.iiisv ei sc spiii^ot the San I'l.iii.i^co Pciiin^ul.i m uiiaiiis com iii^f squarely upon the coast, and icichiii;; elcxalious of six hundred feet w ilhiii a 111 il' 'i lli'' sea. 'I'lie shore line and tiie coast t;eiier,dly prescnl a broken aiul iii;:L;ei| appc, nance, c : . il l'\ the deep ;,'ulclicH cut I ill i; llirollu'll tlieill. There is no kelp a Ion;; this part ol the co.isl. Uiifiiiin's chilli , — Seven and one third miles to the iiorthw.ird of Pescadeio Point, an . ii iii •' mile north of the Tniiil. IS Cieek, Cie shore 111. ikes a sharp liiriitothe westward foi li.i!: •<'■>'.•]•■. under a MTlical white elill' over one liundied U'\'\ \\\,i\\. but, like most ol the otiier ^inall ' 'i''»''> lions, allbidinu little or 110 shelier from the wcsterl\ swell. The >hori' line Is bliil) and !• ■• "I'l near the wolern part id' the head a w hai f li.is been built out w itii a \i r> I n>;e and well i"! ■ .H'l'''! elillte for shippin;; produce upon the steainers .iiid schooiicis which hi. id here, (iood iiin. .:!.:<> ln' outside the eliiite.* ; i' • I'll.' (;ni,|,,ii Ciiiiii.. l.iiili in 1'C'i, w.-n (li'mrnvPil III till' urcat Hoiitjii'iisl ;inl(, iif Niivi'iiiliiT l*lli. 1-- i.v.r..Mi- liiinaiiiH'. I I liijli. .itMl ~criiirl> ;;iivnl «itli wiri' calilri. tin' riests iil' llic tio-:dirrs fnijiirnl l',Mlll.\ lil'l r ir It. Ill llii' |ili'si'lll ;;:lli- Il 1.. »U|.|mi,. i| In li,l\ e liluw li ,l\\.l\ lij (Ik Cirir iif liir VMinl I '' '"' « ill not lie ri'liiiili ( l--i;i. 1 X h -«*'-""■• '^^'^^m^i-^^fuK^^- I,' i ■■ P ■, > SuTiii Miircim. 'J Tilli (Vi'l r.'^ciKii'nicpM-k. !■:. i>\ s, -iiiiii'-i i' U'-' ii| m mM ■'-^1»»M»"'^'" "^"'■'Xlfti '^''*^^i^i^..1^^7:*'^' ?r^ ''ty.\ ,-yr^,-.r-r- 'y .^r ') '" „.'/"/'?VfrtTS^ Si.'iiii MiiK'iiH. J.r.lll feet S:in (Jri'tjiirio Cri'i'k. \/V V-, , r,-rr-. 'I'^O ' ■ ')/ ■' ':n>i-r -irr-^rrrT-^-r-xr r, ■<\_ San (;n';;i>rio Cmk. Ill' lii'twirii ri^sP:ulci(i CrPi'U mid Sirria Miiri'iia. lVsciKior<)<'r''>-U, )■;. liy S. H mill's. I III IT IS I ii nil. .Illil til ill lie IS cstili riiiiii I'ii I, I hir ll;ill I :• ' iv. sriiiioi l'li\('ll I \l.-i. \;.\\. II li'iM iMiiinilMi .iliiiiiil.iiii'i' II llir InKlllltaJn .III -.rcll III ( I ■ "inm^ III fill I'nnlt Ml) .Miii!lii'.ist\\ ,in (cLr .i|' ,1 Icilly I'h'ilr. Ill I'di lll^imn' rilliiT !iii'>.i. I'or a i>' V ilnii;; till Mill! iilMsl 111' I' liiiiii I'lllar I'l Inuli I'lllls UN < liill li.is cliaii;;'! r.lMh ill'tfl'ICI I llllll I'csi '•I .1 null' 11(11 :iill' > III llll' .S(l III liii iliicc la Till' Ihllliil III! lr.|s|.> \ ,.|y llir llnicisc nil ;.'i'lli'lallv III' III Niillli III' I'ai.illnii I'm t\ Tins Jirail ''i^iii. ,iiii| fi; ' I'.iccil lalill I'll- III II. ill Ii i'iiiiiiitI~ iliiiiiiil II N'-il ki'l|, '"'■"I.S liM' ,\.l| IS Hill- «||(.|| , 1^ lll.lll\ .Is ll "111- 1. nihil,.,! "I II inal ihr iii.iiLi,] |,v K, ^'I'l'I'iil.V I'll. Ill I- 11,. „„ii||, Mil,,, l;,,,. till kI rAcii'ic ckasi ni,MT. ).'»7 Till !■'• i-* ;i i< <■!' ol' >iiiikrn lorks, iipiin wliirli tlicsca sDiiM'tiiiics Itrcaks,!! liltlr r twoliiiiidnMl \.i'.U \M'>I Iriiiii till' I'liil (if lilt- t'liiilt'. 'I'lii' lii'iiil iiuiDi'iii^ for llir cliut*' liiis lif'li't'ii t°iitliiiins of , i, III,, .iiiil till' Miirliiii' lies just nil tiic iiisjilt' *'<);;<• (if this itcf. Tliif tlistniice iroiii tlu' tiiiuj° Ui tla*' , h ilr IS cstiliMlcil 111 lie mImiiiI t \m> lillllillt'il ,\ :i|'(Is. I'loiii rill:n roiiit,(i(iiiliiirs Cliutc licars hoiitli fnrlvtlirt't' (h'^iifcsciist (S. J.'i' K.), tlistaiit nine llnl.s. One liair mill' oil I lie licacli to tlir sunt li ward nl ('■ in (Inn's Clinic, and otl'tlif iniiiitli ol'Tiinitas III c U. si'liiiiinci's ancliiii' in sex en la tin mis (ivcr iianl sandv lioildin. I'.IrM'ii miles liciii'i' III tlic 11(11 tliwanl, III Mimtaia ruiiil and iiiclndin^ tin* sliort's (if Halt' \| r,a\, till' sliiii'c is a clilV lini'dcrin;; a naiiuw strip nl' lalilfland wiiicli llanks tlic lii<;li and ii : i iiiiiiintains. All tlic liillsidcs and slinics arc dcvnid nt° tiinlici', wliicli is t'niind in moderate ,i! l.iiii'c (inl\ aliiii;: tlic aiiiiyns and tmrdeis nf liic streams. 'I'lic mass nl' red wnnds cresting ihc iiKHintains nf the peninsula ceases aiiniptlv alireasi nf I'nint Mirainniitcs, and nnlv strajifjlcns 111 -.leii In llie iinrtliwaid. They are a ;;nnd mark for recn^^ni/inj; tlii,s jiart nf the coast wlieii , v'^ in fnnn tlic sea. Nn kelp lies niV Iliis streleli nf llic cnast line. I'liiiit Mliaiiioiilt's.* — I'MI'tccn miles north west ward fmni I'ip'nii rnint and I'niir and a half iiiili>M Miirlie.istw.ird finm I'lilar I'nint, is tlie rniindiii;; ciirxc nf I'nint .Mirainonles, wliieli j.s tlic hliitV iiL' if a Inim talileland strctcliin;; for ten or eleven miles from tlic Lnliitns Creek, near (inrdon'.s ( ii Mr, In I'nint .Mnntara. It dues nnl slinw as a pnint except wlicn a vessel is dan;;crousl_v (ilnse i:i-ii.iii' I'itlier noitli or .sonlli nf it. Tlic I'tirisiina and the I'illarcilos Creeks break tliroii;;!! this 'II.'-. I. I''nr a mile alonj; the point there are laru'e rocks inside the tliree-fathoin line. There is no 'k'!|i ilnii;; the shore hence In Hall Mnnii Itas. The month i>\' the I'nrisiina <'i'cek is two miles '.iiiiiiciot of I'nint Mirainniitcs, and six and a half miles sniilli forl\-eij:lil dc^'rces cast (8. |S^ Iv) ii'iii I'illar I'nint. It empties dircetl,\ into the sea from a lieij;iil of tliirlv li\(' or forlv feet, with II .;li 'lills nil either side. In issii it is repnrtcil that the reeedin;; of the tipper part of the over- !.ill Ills cliaii^ed tli(> appearance of this cascade. The I'illarcilos is i|nite small and its month not i-,i>iU lii'tccled. I inin I'escadero I'oint to I'illar I'diiit the t lirec fatlioiii curve is almost nnifnrml.v oiu>-<]iiarti>r • 'I ,\ mile Irniii shnre, withnnt an\ knnwn (lan;;('r niilside nf it. I''rnin I'niiil Miiauiniites fnr t'niir iiiil< s to the sniithcasi there are numcrniis rocks under the cliffs, and some of them reaching; nearly t'r('a--c nf di'pt h is ipiiic re;;iilar tonne hundred fathnms a; iiinelecn miles, with ti liuttoiii L:riii'iiilly of line ;;rcen sand. Nniili (if I'illar I'ninl Ihc tliiiiyl'atliuiii line nf soundings str(!tehes stiiiij;ht for tUe Southciist I'ai.iiliiii fill two thirds the distance. riLLAU roiNT. Tins headliind is nineteen and one third miles noithwcst liy iiotth (N\V. Iiy N.) from Pi{jcon IViiii. .iiid ci;:hiecii miles south li\ cist (S. Ii\ \'.. I'inin the ( Inldeii (iaie nf San I'lanciscn. It is a '■'ill I inil til I lie land, rising' In niii' hit mi red and ('i;;lit.\ niie ft'i't alio\ (• the sea, and forms the western Mill Ml Ihilf .Mitiin lia.\. The old Spanish n.iiiic lor it is the Corral de Tierra. .\ low, eonlraeted ii''| l> 'im ts the point with the inaiiil.ind Inward the north. There is fniil ;;inund marked by k''i|> iiniind the pniiil, cspi'ciall> finm the smith loiind iiiln Half .Moon liay. Tliice hundred and !wciit\ liM' \aid.s south of the cxtn-iiiily of the point .stretch a niiiiilicr of Mack mcks, which show I't'iii'' when coinint,' up the coast, but as thtceor fntir when seen fidin the noithwcst. The lai'iicst iMii.iil\ ,i> hi;:h as the liliitf and locally known as .Sail Umk ni rillat K'nck.* It extends abntit "lit' I, iiiiilrcd and twenty live yards snuthwest and iiorlluasl, and the hi^li, pillar shaped |inilioii "I II !■'. al the sniithwest extremity. l''rniM Ihc snntheasl side nf rillai I'nint. rockN and foul liotlniii, iii.nl, id li\ kelp, cxlelids sniitheast niic third e.isl (Sf",. \ \'..] scNcli i'i;;htlis ot' a mile, dlnppiti;; ■"I'iili iil\ limn t'liiii ti'cn feel to live l.ilhoms. This daii;ici and the dctaclu'd rocky shoal further ""li. ^.iiiihcasUvard arc marked bv biioys, and will be fiiilhcr dcsiiribcil iiiulcr llio head of Halt Ml- i;,,y. * NiUiii'il friiiii lliK K'aiirhii uf llm Hiuiir iiaiiu'. On hhiiu. of tlio iIociiiih'IiIh it in H|ii. ai^ ^A--" T.»'?^* w*> -, - -* ^ . . I'illar I'oiiit, K. b> S.,:iiuil.'«. Mil or Stwpl.^ Kock. Half Moon Hay. ■i^ m H \4i ' IJ ^ 'T ■; ' M .'if ul »^ i ^1, ! m HHH M^ ^Hi ■ 1'' 1 SH ^ -it, 'milH f-iiiii' In^^l Ifti lAU 'iji^ i't^< .>I1 I'llillt I.inlltlKllMC. SF !•> K. ♦ Iv.ruiiili'H I'liinl Aiiii Niii'vci Miiiliil (!ariiii>l, run ilhtiji'ii, ■I.IIT (•••■t. s|;. * i; i,.'ii,iii.H I iliM Ci'i-t *^-:^.^^ •'-•-, ^ > V '. >'-»-^,^> ►-V " "1 r » •. ''I ■*fr v-r; «■;•»•» ••■"•■• p»,- »!»■ ^ '• Ciiast tmviird-i Hftll'Miiori ltii\ (l.inliiirH (.'hutf llill. Ni:. Ii\ N., 4 null' lO-S I'lllur l'..Mil, N NW , V iinli' "Tf I VI ir ImiiiihI i 'iH|||v>. uiili til Bl.nlil I'lv ii IM^.'lc- th : ;i!>iiiit .S( pAy iMttiiiii. :ij|(ir I III' >\vcr A /('■.jKirt 1 bij !-• i-.ist Iflril r I I i"!!!.!!- i'llilll i«liii', Tl f^liii':^ ulili-li '■ t mist '-■•arii'ri-.lic.s rmim m I'ACM'IC CUAsr l'U.OT. l-»:» iiiis rlniii! liiiiisc til lliiiriiticlioiii;;!'. 'I lie wliarf ciosc iiiultT tin' point ami the lar^jouiipaiiitetl ^11' ii< M' iin- ill tli« shallow of (lie iicail ami not easily ilistiii<;iii.slioil. It^'(>^S IN IIAI.K M(M)N IlAV AM) ArrWOACIlKS. A ■ 1 iiinl class iiin huin/ /niiiitnl hlml;, ami niiinlniiil I, marks the si>iithea8lerti extremity of pjllii I III lli'fl. Mini lifs ill scM'ii I'aHioiiis of water. Troiii it Sail IJoelv bears iiortliwrsl hy west (111 1 ins west (N\\ . liy \V. J \\'.), liistant one ami oiietweiftii miles; the ohi w harf, jiisl inside of!':! I'oiiit ami ill the line Willi the eastern eiliie of the reel', northwest (N\V.), distant, liiie ami a lull II — : Aiiiespoit wliail' hears northeast (»m'('i;;lith east (N'lC. i K.), distant one, and one sixth mill-, .ml ill line witii U.iid I'atu; and Ueil Itiioy No. 1.' hears smitheast hy south {.Slv l>y S.) li}i .1 I le distant. \ ■ ■>i\i\ f\.i^'i (iiii liuiii/, i)iil!>ti(l n-fl, ami iiniuhireil '2, in;v:k^ the inner ed},'e of the northwest, (il ut ilii' Southern or Outer Iki'el', .iml lies in live fathoms .f water. l''roin it .'sail Ifoek hears 'lh^^|■M lliree i|ii:ii'ters wesi (N\V. ,' W.), distani a little ovi;- one and a half miles; .Viiiesport liiil I,. Mil northeast (N. S\',.), distant one and tlireeei;;htlis miles; and Spanishtov n east half .jUliiir.. '. N.), distant two and a ipiarter miles to the shore. The hlaek hiioy on the soiithea.tt 111' !'ir lii.ier Ileef hears northwest hy north (N\V. hy X.) half a mile distant. A d elass fdnhuoif, luiintriihlntk, and iiiimhrnil '.), marks the southeast end of the soiitli- Ui Ml (iiiier l\eef, and lies in six fatiioins of water. I^'roin it Sail Itoek hears northwest f liree- ^iliTs west (N\V. ■; W.), distant two miles; .Vinesporl wharf north live ei^ditlis e.ist (\. ^' ]•].), iBt.int I Mil' and live ei;^ditlis miles; and Spanishtown east hy north une-ei;:htli north (1^. l>.\ N. ^ N.), nan-sI s'u.ire disianl one and a third miles. 'I'lio red liiioy is in line to S.iil Uoek, ami distant 1^\\\ li.ilt a mile. V ri -' Uiio.NS are sometimes toiiiid a short distaiu'e inslioi" from these preserihed imsitions, I SAii.TNc; niiii'cfioNs m iiAt.i' mc.un hay. ,| it' liniiiid into Half Moon 11. ly under steam for an anehora^re, pass between the blaek and red I ''Av>. >viili the .\iiiespiirt, wliai f bearin;r northe.ist by north (N Iv by N.), and steer for it ; hail! ji.iilii lily into the bay and anchor in four to si.< fallioms over hard sand. With a sailinjj v ssel, 11 iiis.'ic the Pillar Point bl.Ktk buoy, with the usual sipnmer winds, beat up until Pillar Point r.s aliiiiit son'hwest (S\V.) half a mile dist.mt, and anelior in t'eiir and a halt' lathoins, liani ilv liitioiii. Woikin;; up froiii the soiitii ward, sailing vessels iieit inside the Oiitir IJeef to '^it [ii' till' swell ; and steamers can riiii a mile from shore in nine t'athonis. A'lii'.jHirt I.Mii'iit(j. — The old landiiiii' hir I 'ab' .Moon May was in the northweslerii part of the It |!l^t cist of Pill.ir Point; but the wh.irf built tlieri- has been abamloneil, am; a new one cin vlnl I'liiii the eastern elitV nearly twi miles east two thirds north (10.;; N.) from the 4'xtremity >\ 'ilLir I'liiiit. Sailiiu; vessels can now pass between the iwo reel's and haul up directly for ,1 wliii'. There are three ;;ood iniKuiii;,' buoys lyiiiij otl it. The trade is principally done by iiii:> wliicli can lie at the wharf. Till' ( iiast and (icodetic. Survey has published a chart of Half .Moon l!ay (bst;..!, and its ■;ll■ll■l]^lil•s and relation to the coast are shown in the chart from Point Pinos to l!odej;a 1, ll.i'i Mmin I'.ay is ipiite dearly shown in the chart of Vi/.eaino of Pitrj, but he does not irt'i II his naiialixe. Tlie iaii'mie of Pill.ii "oiiit was determined in ITtiiMiy Koii Mi^in'l ^iii' ' IS 17 .11 .and he named it Point (in irdiaii .\iii,'el. It was from liie moiinlains back lit Mo, 111 |;,i\ that the exjicdii loii ot' .liiiiipeio Sena in \~''..> tiisl saw llie l!a\ of San I'r.iii- I'lIBi'. llf I 'iLilliHies, and Point Iteyes. The point is also called the Piiiiia de Corral Tieir.i in I'lfiit S;. -ii.sli ilociiments. II ' 1 III It's I'll I liar. — .\boiit one mile alon;; th-.- shore to the northwestward of the cxlrein- 'l)§)l I Point IS :•. small boat harbor known as Whalemen's Harbor. It lies directly under the ■^' , uliif the mesa ridjie jii-t iiorlliwest of Pillar Point. The ridnc is two hiimlicd feet ■'■ ' "vv 1,111,1 behind it, and declines to the northwest. The aiicliora;;e is one liiii, 'II .\ lai;;e ontlyin;^ led;u'*' and a mass of kelp lieolV it to the northwestward and fcnn a •'1 ><■■■ .ikw,iier to the entr.iuce, w liich has fo;ir or live l.itii.'ins. .V depth of three fathoms can rW''"'' ' '■' l''i l*»m' hundred .\a ds, with an averagi width of eij;hly yards. 'J'lie entrance is r M V. V 11 m I "i- \ if i ,i 100 rAcii'ic coAsr ni.or. Dpi'ii tliri'ctly tti tlif south, 1111(1 till' i'li;iMiii'l ;:i;iilii;illy cmxcs to tlu' cast. In IId' autiiiiiii iM.iMti,, it is used ;is M wiialiiif,' station tidni wliiili the lio;iis jiiv npon tin' ap|H'ii.''anc«' liii\\n on the Coast Sui\i'\ cliail of ll.df Moon liav. MONIAKA rnlNT. 'I'wo anil tlirt'c (|nartt"' . mill's, nottli I'oily tlijii'.cs \M-..t (N. in \V ) from Pillar PoiiiiJi, Monlaia roini, npoi' .\Mi(li a ii^lil iionsc i> to lie Imilt as one of I he aids to tlo' a|i|no:irlii , i llii'C n (i 'I'l \f iminl Is llic UcslciMMIiis ■li of a Ion;; cm At' ol low lilnlf, wliidi >Im hln UlCV opc|||||;_ from I'l'l.ii- I'oinI noilliwanl for liini' miles, ;ui(l is liat'kcil l>y a riaiidw , llat \ half Moon I'.ay ami i'is| sonlli of Montai.i I'oinl, tlins si'paiatiiii: llif riil-r formin;; Tillai rom' trotn till' hiuli l.iiiils III till' inn llic.isi Willi. 'I'inii'aic several sliort strctclirsof sainlx licacli In \\M■,^■ Pillar Poiiil ami Montaia Point close ninler Ilie clilVs, The clilV at tlie |ioinl is alxint si\;\ in; aliovc the sea. ^ininleil li_\ rocks for oiie or Iwo lininlred yards outside, ami rises in nenllc si.ii.r- io a lirokeii, iiai row table of three linndred feet elevation that extends hack 4Mie ami .i ijuirn miles; it then rises alniipils in the m\t two miles to Moiitara Momitaiii.* This m.niiii.nii i> nineteen hundred and foit.\ Ice! alioNc the sea, \ery steep, and is destitute of lim er. I; u ,f d landfall and lainl mark I'iie llil;,'i' Climes al'allptly llpoll the sea at its liol lliweslei i tieiiiily. foimiii;,' Point San Pi ili o. Iline and a half milc> noil', liy west hall west (N.li,\ \\ . ' \V from Moiitara Point. (I'm a fiirilier dcM'i ipl ion of Monlara .loiiniain and Point San I'i'li im .\ppiiiaclics to San I'rancisco Pay. pa;:cs 1(17 and l(i!i.) I'dlNr MdMAUA I (Hi WIIISTI.l', .\ twi'hc inch steam foi; whistle has tiecii placeil (I'^T.'i) upon the top of the hlnlV of I'miii I aid III na\ i;:alioii, althoil;;li thev ale leal Moiitara. In day time tlie liiiildiii;;> >ei \e as ai iiieonspicnoiis even al Iwo miles. The to;; sitjiial Iniildiii^' is painted li^lil Inill'. and tl ■]; I' I'.iinl l.iuhl li. SoiilliiM-l I'.iiallMii l.i;.'lit'1 Wlljslllll}; lill.iy nil S.lli I'l Ill;:ll |{iH k I'll I'liilit S;lli I I'uiiil liiuiita I,i;;lit-liiiuHr \ . 1 li.ir N II 'I'lllll \ •i| N. ■Jn I'... ili.'-laMt '.'■,' mill-. \\ .. ili-il.-oil 'iU nulls. \\ ., illsl^iiit I I] lllilt'n. \V., ilislaiil :i( mill's. W.. ihstaiit IT mil.'s. l-'roin .^!ontala l''o;,' si;;nal station. Point Puineta l.i^jht shows luM ween Point San I'l li.i.iinl the link ulV It. .MoiiI:ii;i Puiiil w.is named liy the I'. .S<'ii;ist and ( leodetic Snixcv in IS7;{. '/'/(( ('nlii)iuln /.((/(/(, — I let ween Pillar I'oinl and Moniai;, Point, the ;;r.iiiitc miIi surf, |i(Il;i> stretch nut Iroin the lililtl .shore and toini liick> ilike>willi deep »■, atel In'twccn tlniii. lln^f dikes appc"; o lie iicaily \ crtical stial.i with I he soltci parts w,i>hed away. 'I'licir ;:eiiii il ilun tioii o- that ol llic two hniiilied loot delached me,>a rid;;e whose Miiitheast exlicinil^ Initiis I'lllir I'oint and the reels nil ll I lii\ are al>o p.iiallel to the southwest face ol the mr.liii' i;li I'l-^i' altoilt half ;i iiiile jii.shoiv. \\ haleman's llarlior is t'olined li\ two ot' these dikes. .\ speci.ii wall! I w:is iiiiide liom slmie loi the Im akeis on the.se dikes afti'i a lic.n \ •Iniiulii .1,11111,11 \ . Iss|. ;i;.,| the liijlow inn iiicls c.st.ililisjied .\ hriiiL Iniir nulls uf a mile smith niiieleeli denieeswcst ;S. I'.l \\ .) Iioiii .M. Ill, I! 1 rrni- whisth ,1 hrinl; liiarh thiec litliis nl' ,i nille south follv de^'l ees w cs t (S. HI W.) I rom III!' 1. . lllslll' .1 /oi'i/, jiist over IkiII ,1 mile soiilh S('\ent\ seM'ii de^li'cs west (S, 77 W'.i fl' i llirlut wllislh 'I'hese :ippeal lo lie the onlei ends ot' three Ioiil; ;illd p.ll.iliel dikes stretchlllL; I imii east shore, llelwecii tlie.n^aiid inside of t he noil hei n one. I he depi lis reach ten tal lioiiis i •ul.'>iili' of ihem, he,i\ \ lie;i\ inns Iff I he seii were seen for si\ liiinilied \ ;irils f;llllier, •nil III.' ..M i;ii;;li,li . ImiIi iI is . ,ill. .1 Cl.ii.i .\|..inil.iiii. l)i' .Mnli.is i l-ll) .'hIIh iI Saiiil Cl.ii i: i u 1 ll? (» - 11 f ',/ • r'UffiiM 1 ■'V 1 f 1 . I f \,m .•^'" mmgafmmiii^aStlts ^^Ammi^ l^9^^^^ ML^^ Vmu\ Sim INilrc. N l.y \V * \V . IvJinili'M, I'illnr rcint, N. i W.,7 inili'r,. (Momls. tSi ' •'•SilrASBPJKS^ •j.^', ^-■T^fr yi^ yf'^^'"'' '"-" ""• -•j^^!^^?!!?-,:^^^" -=^-^V-.^-=..^ -1* .^'" ■ • Point Sun Pedro, N. by W., 10 miles. Montar» Point P'og sigHul. Pillar Point, N. by E. iK.,4i miles. Half Moon Bay. SSt". Tp/^'" • ->^~.,.-*^., «-:- ::^^r^7''^T^ ■ . 'V" ■Sail (II Sti'i'ivlc Kocli Pillar I'oiiil.NN^V'., Smiles. Half Moon Hay. 'SSf3f~H_ _. •'■'^^!^*-r. »■ J.fh aiSlS23^^5i15S^3S«S>?>S :.v>-,. ■r »prv^»» "• .. ' •'*'r tm!m - Saii I'l'drii (,'(>v<>. Miint»rii Mniiiiliiiii, l.Oln iVfl. I'dirit Sun I'lilio. K. Iiv S. i S.. .listaiil llniilfi. AppriKiilii's to till' (itill ■■! ':!> )-ar:ill()iiiH. t'ruin tlii' Suutlnvuid f^^l\ -'^>i!,„_^^. .-^ ■•^r^^^ "•3?*' 1?,«04 frrt. 2,590 fi'ot. Mount 'riiuialiiais, N. liy SV, j \V , :il niilif. San I'l'dro Hock. \rry Miiinky anil lia/y inHiili' l'..i:it San Tnliu, N. ^ \V, II niili't. I. ami nnMiT tin- nliori', in thuk lia/.o. m'^-M ^-tr m^^_^^^mfm a m^0 ! ^Bm«m^g^iis,j m^ ' ^ji^v ^i^ -,.,^^jj^.tj^jt^jiuj.i 1 ^ ,liJJ-^. j ,l*M.j. Point li.'ycH UiilKC, .f,' mi:,-H, l.lW'.t feet ValL^y lifliinil Hallcruiv Hay. m V I III- irrcuiil; (Ml,. \.i y I'lilll ll i,ii\ u --..•! |i>si|i jlixl.lr I ill- llWllti I'm line ut lliiM I I till' tiiit (,, i-.i- -I t'niiii W i;, ; III- Sdlll I :;.■ >licllC il Willi I M'VV, ll.ll fimii <: ; licc;ills tli.' «,i:rr. Tin l(l^; 11, > II it ill 1 r X Tlif ;,'rt'at il limili. ihI I'liiii «M S|i,iiii>li Mil islniiN vvhicli ii nr'iiiii.iiiis iii't' I Ji-lllllll iM'tWCCII Till rmiiiiit' JlH-l .Hill liKisI it lij.- I 'iiiilii.iliil Hi !l MiM.iiiiiMl il Bii'ili' rliliaiH'O i jii;; till- licli ii:;r Bla^ir rilit'S iljii hi iiiiiki' Il I'liipi I; 1^ r-'|icci, tilt .11 l~ III ii.iv'i tiiM lir. Idllcn aih.i!i!.i.^i'.s. I u lii'ii''.>riii'c |ii c!>'''i l!.u, IMi'li ffii-ii'i ilily llliil fflilil Illi' ..^iMilliv till' Hill' tliii||s:M IIU:.'I r.itlinlii lili Oil Miuiii|ili;:s. gtl-. I'iic I'. II N(i"lii| i;, JIiii'K, Olii' i|u II :i'i' Till Qui'!. II li.lti', i: IH'ir;, .1 I In II •5'-: "1 lliii MS tin 'I'.l ,fl..|l of II lhi».|i, .,;„1 (|„. Pfc-i-iiin t!ii-\ I :i iliii lliiiu him ,1 Hto'v t;,. r.iiii.v nor i.r ,, ,, I c, PlUli..- ■I h. .Il.l llllt I'l i:;i; 1i,,m 8illK,:„. .„„ ,;,, I%iiii.i'." , ■\.- ., , < IV -MI 'ACIIIC COAST rii.oT. Kil Til' irrc^iiliir ili'|illis fjivcn l»\ llic few lines of soiiiiiliti^s tlhil ;ini exlijliitnl on llic cluirt iiidi- ,.,ii, ..!, liiiil liiittoiii iiiit to tliii'li'i'ii I'ttlniins III' WMti'i'at It'iis,, iiiid it is llirt'i'liirc^ iriipriitli'iil I'm' iiii\ . --4-1 lit ii|i|irii:i<'li till' sill lie iKMrcr IImii one mile; >cl nmsliii;,' si ca huts iirt' ri'iioitt'il |i:issiii;i iii>i.|i' I III- liH'iitiDti <>r tlir lirriikt'is. III. liiii> III" twenty riitliiiiiis is t'nuiiil one aiul a liall' iniics oil' llie shore, lint sirelelies iip till I I I the iiiiilille of tile tiiill' ol' the l''.ii'alliiiies. 'I'lie thiriv ralhoiii •"»' tiniili. I 111 I'oinI Keyes, in latitude ,'ts ' Oil' north, has been very a|itl\ ehaiaeteii/ed liy one of the oM S'iminIi navi;;ator-i as the (iiiH'or the l''aralloiies. 'i'liix designation almost deseiilies the jiiliii'l aIiicIi mirk its western limit. The coast line in the deepest paitof Hie j;ii!l', where tli« Bi'iim; mis are iieiuly a tlioiisand feet liifih, has been rn|itiired where the (ioldeii (i.iti^ {{ives con- Bi'iiinii I'ltween the I'acilic. ()(H>ati and tlu^ Iia.vof San Franeiseo. I I. rmiimeii-e of the world enters the (lolden (late, and tiic Itayof San Fraiii'isco alVoids the Jiirv: liij iiiiisl cominodioiis harbor on the I'aeilie coast of I hi' I'niled States. I'loiii ii s ili>cii\ cry it I - I iiiiiaiiiled the admiralimi of iiavij^alors, and since the wmideil'iil liseut't alil'mnia has Hi i; -i-;.iiiii'il its reputation. lis t:eo;,'rapliical position ; its };reat area and ilepiii of water; its |iiIm 1 iiMaiice and bold shores; the Sacramento and tin* San tloaipiiii and tiieir ti ibiitaries drain- Jli- 'lir mil a.i;ricidliiral valley of (California and tin* anrifermis slopes of the Sierra Nevada; the li:iji iiiii's upon its shores, and the salubrity (d" its climate — ill these cnnditions have cmispired t»i : ikr It emphatically the I'oit of the I'aeilie^ I; i> I'speci.illy inijiortant th.it the deseriplions of the landfalls, tln^ approaches, the daii;^ers, till .iii|> to navigation, the weather, currents, eti'., should be j;iveii as fiill.\ and as cleaily as prac- tiiM iii liii)> only nineteen miles outside the one linndred fatlimn line. The lead is a sat'e };nido Oil '■':iim1iii;;s. The headlands of S.iii I'edio and I'oint Iteyes are bold and without oiitlun;; dan- gr: liii- I'arallmies liaxi' bold water around llieiii,anil are free ol' know a hidden danj;ers except Nii I I . I.'iiik, (itf the North l''arallones; Miirst Itock, olV the Southeast i" irallon, and a li\ e aiid- Oin ;' ' 1 I latliom rock oil' the .Middle I'arallmi. .Mount Tamalpais, to the northward of the Gil. !' ;i 1 1, 1 1 1', is a line, landfall and landmark ; and the mountains south of the (i olden (late rcai'ii Wii i. M) ihi.iisand feet at Mmiiara. ■ - .if «as Hist WTii liy C.ilii illii ami rrni.iii on llh-ir lii>l ii'liii ii rrmii 1 In- iinrllivM'.sl « ar.l iii l.ilJ. ' . lo '*y ' ■■ '111- NiMi'iiilli (if Niivi'iiiliir, at ila.vl>iriil\, tlii'V wimk ii|m>ii a laii;ii null', wliicli was liniii. il liy a ■ ■.. ,■<- ■•f "" '11 iif 111!' hIiuii' I I'liiiit lii-M".], wlii. Il apiiiaiiil l.> liavi' a |>iiil ami a river, ami IIh'V wiiit. liratiii:; aliiuit "'■ I •! Ill" iii^lit ami till' l-'riilay lullow Iiil; iiiilil tln'V saw lli..|t lliiii' was iiii rivir imr any slnllir : ami l^i laUi' pOh ... t'l. y cast amiiiir In furly-livi- fallimiis. 'I'liry tliil ii.>l il.u.' I.i laiiil, iiii (n-iniiiil of tin' lii:;li mi. Tint null' *'' ' . mill' ilr^ri'is .mil ninii', ami il is com. ml willi jiiiirs In llir .sni. Tliry ^a^'' 'I <'"' "aim' ol' I. a I'.iliia ili' Ins ""' ' '• l'"lli>«iii« iii;;lil tlu'y lay In Mill i 1 llii' Iii'\l il.i.\." | I'lie cunt' rl iuii In liis latitiiilt' is aliiiut mn' ili'L'Iri'. *' ■■ 'I (-'.ilinllo Nay.s: "'rin'y arri\ nl al a unal giihlli.il Icioktil liUi- a liailinr, ami lliry r.illcil ii It.il.i ili' S ''''I iml 'lra Srfinra ili' la .Mi-n ril " ITJll !• I' 11 I' ' r I V: \' H l! I a .■ ? ' 1 fl il i' %4 iH,iP r: :1 it, IM i a-' i : I ! I Iti-' 1*A( IIIC COAM ni.oT. mv The I'.ir of Sun I'raiicisi'ii I'mv lairics a ilfptli nf tliirls t'oiir to tliirtv lUo fnl nt Iihn «;i(,.r, mill tliiDM^Ii tlic riiiricia riiaiiiii'l w ili'|il li ol' inin' r.itliniiis ciin li<> iMiiiiM). 'I'lii'ir Is im ImMi n ilaiip't' nil tilt* liar or its iiiiiiifili.ili> a|i|iri).ii'lii'>t, or on iht' ran;,*' liiii- tiiion;.'li tin' iMincia CImiih,.!, and llio liottoill tliroil;:llol|t lll« (llllt is ;:oiii| Imliliii;,' ;;|i>niiil. 'I'lic lii,^li nioitiitains oi tlii't'ast ;iro r>a,\ ami tlir i>lanils In tlii> l>.i\ aM.ii,{ capilal ran.u'i'H tor t'lili'iin:,'. Mount Mi.ililo, Mount llclrn.i, ainl i'.liirk .Mountain aDoiillon^ ,,i>i| t'xi't'llt'iit r.in;,'t's in t;ooi| wrallnr. 'I'lii' li;:lit lioiiscs, st(>aiii fo;; wliistlt's, anil lnio\s allonl aiiiplr aid lo nav i;.'al imi. I'iImiIi,,!', I'niist- to till' limits we liMVc iloiLtnati'd as t In' . Slraintn; air .i\ all to assi St \ I'ssrls I'lilcriii;' or li'.n iiiu', in oi li n.ii \ I lallic or in cini'r^irnrit All till' inl'orniatioii {'oiicrrnin;; tli<' a|i|iroai'lii-s to the I'-.iv of San I'lanrisco is ai iaii;;ril in iln' fullow in;; onli'r lor t'onvriiii'i.. irfririirr : (I) iitniiiil l>< sn\t <>/' ('iilil'unilii, pa^ji's 1(1.5, Kil. (I) \'iliil/;■ I'oiiil liijiis, pay:i's |(i"). Hi I. (0) LuikI/iiIIx fill- till- ) Appfoiirliinii till llor in liturii soiitliinst inullnr. (l(i) (li'ntrdl itiiirlioni /or rissils apjirooihinij Sun I'runri.sio in tliiik inotlnr. (IT) Anrlinriiiii on till llor. (\^) I.Kiri'iij ilii lliirhiir 1/ Son rritmisco. (I'.') rill' Villi s III Son I'riiiirisiii. ('-'(I) Tlir < 'urn Ills 1/ tlir (iol'Icii liiitr anil iiiifirmirlirs. (■_'l) J>oUj Ti iiip' rotnri 0/ tlir irotirin tin (loliiin (loli in tlir month 0/ •lunnorij /n- . W, /i iiniri lit 7 ". )/(. ('2'J) Monllili/ ii nijii r.ttiiri 1/ tlir iiir mnl iriitrr in thi Hulilin tlotr/ir trniiuirs, |sVI '^ 1. (LM) Tlir Wimlson tin- I'milir roust. (UM) Thr Foils on thi Fori/ir must. (lio) Thr Siii-soiis. (!.''i) lliiiiimih ir iniliroli'ois 1/ inollirr. ('.'") 'I'l iiijii rotiirr lit' thr nir oml irotir iilonij thr Srnhonril. (•JS) IhMiifi'iiiii 1/ l.iiiht h iin\i V ((/(' / nth' V oiils III iiiirioo lii'ii on llir iiiliiinl initirsiil >"'' I'm II llyn i .111/ It n .,.)•( ni "I' Sill i/ its suliil Uliilirisiun^. ir itii til III ml Siiiliitii hiniti I II Ironiisi ■ oil. />((/.- >■( il Siiiliiiliiiiis III/ till' dull' III' till I'orillliiiirs. — 'In 1 s7.! tin- I', S. ^l^^^ll(■^ I'nsi ori-,ii i.ili (M'\ rial Inns ol .s(inndii;';> oil' till' i-im^I oI ('.iIiIoim.i ,iiiii ;:iiii, mmioii;; w liirli uih t hi' > \'"~ dilfi'tly oil' tlirtlnll'or lilt I'aialloni's ; mii' oil I'mul Ivryi'^, paur Id.; ; ainl aiiolliii oil I'lHiil ' ii i*' I. pa;,'!' I'l'''. " I 111 I 111- Jia^i-n 111 llii> iiml fiin iri'iliii^ lii'uiliij^i hit- I Mill's. 'I'lir liiii' ni: On till- u'dtli «li|i' Ilii' mil' liilir ^' Mi W.) t'rinii I'ACIHK! COAST I'll.nT, riiii'X|M'riiii('iitul liiii' rmi in Au;,'iisf, IST't. is as rollow-*, 168 Mili-a rriiiii S. 3 nupih (ralhiMim). S I'i 37 30 123 Ul Ul IS 37 2H 123 05 M3 18 37 2H 123 13 B.10 sa 37 ■-•7 123 21 1,015 28 37 2» 123 20 1, lUft .12 37 27 123 33 l,3«l 50 37 21 123 5.'i I.IMO 'rfiti|ii r.itiiri-. (•]> iiniilir iif iiitliiin. Siirriuii<. Ilult4ini. 6-..0 lUlHt Itlllll. .*>!) Do .'.on 37.0 50. 3 3«. 5 Del SU. 1 30.0 Dii .•|» 35.0 Dm 50 i>, 34. rt U'liilitli I lti> uml uu/v. Miowii uo/.»v • ••.... (tiiiy Hiuiil. * Tlicnt in ptntni< hli^ht i-i roe uf {lotitioii or nf lUptli in itiirt Nuunilin^. Oil tin' i,M»tIi ami -1st of Dt'ct'inluT, IH7.5, th*^ stt'anuT laii amtlluT line nuiiiiu'iiciii^ just out- ^ilf ihi- (iiir liuutlrtMl tUtlioru lino about iiinetiH'U aixl a half niilt's north ri;:lity-six 4h*;;ivcs went ^' stl W.) iVoui l*i^'*MMi I'oiut, as follows : MUi-n frnm Siiiillii'Uilt I'.ir.ill.Mi Latin i\,: I.mmil l.i^hl. o , a 2:i» 37 20 122 •-'*» :i7 IH 122 27 37 15 122 20 37 12 123 41) 37 07 123 7.'. M 4H I2( 78 30 37 123 ih1i< Dopth iCutlitniiH). TvlUIH SlllflU !•. rutnro. * nuttoiii. Cliiirju ft-r o I" luittotn. 113 .'hI. 1 >irth liliii'k muimI iiml lino j:ruvfl. 2,105 M.9 (irroDinti nmil. 2.101 :.:t. 8 :i:[. I Do. Thoi- siniii(liiij;s imlicatt! tliat tlu> oiiotliDiisiiiiill'atlioiii line and tiic lU'op platiMii of Hio I'ai'ilii' ,iic a little lartlu>r (»t!" sliurn than alura.st tlu' iSiiTia Santa lania. Wt.v ciiridiiNlv, tlio I'l'l'siiuiiilia;; of two thousand oiui liniidri'd ami sixty live fatlioins is only six miles iioillieast of "ii'Mii the assif^iied position . of the Nitiila Siioal ; and the deeji soniidinj; of tw o tlinnsiind one iiiiiiihi'i! ami four Jnthoins, thirteen miles IVoni the lastineiitioned sounding;, is onl.v tliree inile.s 'I'ini iiiiiiiliiT assifjned position. This last soiiiidiiifi is the outer portetl as havinjj liut tlirei- to ti\i' fathoms upon them. iiMnivi, , us editions ()f the ("oast Pilot we fjave such information as we had ;;atheied, and after "''t'liiiiii- |M)sitions from .se.iMi or ei-jht ditl'erent sources we dircc^ted a survey of the locality nil' n.|.iiii,.il positions, very curiously, onl.y ranf,'e seven miniiles of arc in lonj;itiidc and sineii- '""I iniiiiit.s in hititiulu, and iue'hero ;jiveii lest such ilaiiRcrs may actually exist : I M '4 V i.\ ' n. 1 , i!., ■''■ ' i '^ m i m til ■f 164 I'Ai'U'ic luAsr rii.or. ?! ■ i i! A-K K'll.- Liilltiiiliv t ;i7 Ji •Jl ;i7 ;i.". :i7 > :i7 :iii :i7 !.■< 37 •J I __ Kt'iiuukt). l:i7 :i'.' i.i: i:!T .u 28 l.-.'tl'. Itti;; f'l'iNiH, rii)ilillh K^M'ii. (*iiw two ro* K*, olii' It'liiilrt'i) Mini hl'ty riilliiiiii!* Ity (*li!> !*i\ , onr ) Iri-it r.tthoti..' ti> tliiitv fitllil . tliri'i' rtuil llvr r.tllliim* «'f w.lIiT tin tllrtli. Ir>*I>«i( IVfl.V, I8,"il. W S Kiiit'i' "f WO'' A'i''"i"'iW. IS.'xl. nhaliT .Vim.Ti .Um ;cii7. (\i|it.nii II. iltii'M. .Inn- (i, hm.mI olwiTVrttiinif*. IliMK-^witli trli ffrt, jDil l.tnj; rib* of Ui-lp irniwiim »Mi thi'li): liiuti' loi'U. Iill> li.\ Iiiiihlici mill l'K'l> f.-.I Sliip /iK/fii^t'/T, ;im'(itir» .1 ii|tiiii n mIhihI in rtvi» filllHinii* iiimI ti|M-ri.'tl llirci i-nrkd ntiovo W:tl.-r in foitll til' ;» tl.llii;!*'- liiirK i;,,„hh,rir. Iiiini> iiliarl. I8li;i, Hv,. i,, ^,-\,n r.itlioin. . Ailiiilnilly limit. ':4'tl. .or:<'. i,il (i> Mai.li. 1IW5. + lu-.il Ii.il Vh, I. tlir.r l.lllli.llIK SoliooiuT Ilaniuth, I'i>iis iinl reports we make tiie I'llj.iwiii;; remarks: The po>iiiiiii n: ili. Admir.ilty eiiart is doiililless the mean of Kmmn and ralmnHth positions, lledlield lepm;-^ J), ni. iil'scr\aiioiis. repealed at ilie tune ot' tliseovcr.N . and had noon oltserv alions ior l.i; i iii- Cin/i/z/i'i/'/c position was oliiaini'd liy V . .S. sloop of w.ir Ktwisnnjc at llonolnlii, lint t ipii Urooks, i)t' tile Ciiti'iriilfi , wrote to us that lie never heard of this i"|>ort. Cpon applii.i; n, ' the Navy Di'p.irtineiii lor an examiiiatiini of the loj; of thi> Fiihnoiitli, it was reporteil not I i U,- i the ari'hives. The li.irks W'luil ('lntr, in ls,"iS. und l.irr Ymihrc. in isti.i, report to Ii,i\.' iuiium this position without seeiiiji anythiiijr. Till' r. S. sloop otw.ir Kttusdnj, esainiiied this j^roiind li,\ makini; three or four /i^; /.i;;-i hvi ; it in Septeinlier, JSTd. in heaulitiilly clear weather, with a moderately larjre swell that slimil i have exhiliited .in> orlinary Incik, In 1"<71 the I". .''^. Cnast and (ieodetie Survey schooner M -A to Aiiirn^t .">. ninler la\oralile circnnistanccs of wind and wciilni. .m with a swell lar;,'e I'liiiiiuli 'ii c.iiiNi' lircikcis in three tallimns, and at tunes ',f!\\ lica\>. iMiiiii- that time the ili.-~l.int.int lookoiii was niaiiit. lined tVoin the mast he, id, Im! tin liir.i wa.s seen nor aii\ indications ut shoal water, siieli as ;;iills, .-.cals, lish, m kelp. 'I'lic w.iiei '>.i> in formlN ol' a deep lilile, and >-ipnilillll;,'s were lliadi' .it \.irioUs pla -es at depth-, from thiee jiHliilli to eighteen hnndied and titty fillioms with no hotlom. The son ml i lies were m.nlc vmiIi i spei :.ll^ line line chosen tor the p'lrpi'-'- ,iiid lie.ivil> wci^ihted. Tie tr.iek ch.irt shows lio\» ( ,ii.liill> ll • vicinity was ex.iiniiicd and hmi the vessel was run o\er the sappo.e» • three tliousand and ninety se\i'n f.ithoins. The liottom w.is lilne .innl and Mue • i appri/.iejie.s ti» this loe.ilily Were marked liy eipiall.\ piolonnd depths. This examination eontirnis the |iid;;inent we expressed from tin' previous in\esti:;.r '' ' no (liin;;er.s exist in the siiace assi^^ncd to them. I'ACIKIC COAST ril.OT. IG". Siil'sctiucnt to tliis spociiil oxainiiiatioii, linos of doppsfa sountliiips liavu boon mad*' across tlic I'.iiiiii (ircaii Iroin various luHiits on tiic I'afiTK^ <'oast. In tlif .issi^incd position of tlu> U«'C(l i;iiik>oi laiinoutli Shoal tlu> latost soundings {^ive nt'arl.v iiiiitoiin di'iitlis of twcnt.vnini' liundn'd uilidiiis ii\('r a hottoiM of lirown oo/.c. fill' reported scciiij; of tlic Ki'cd Hocks in latitude .'{7' .'{^' nortli, lo-.f^iliide l.'tT^ .'>!' west, by ijicsliip Uritinh Ymtnini (ISSS) depends npoii very unsatisfaetoiy evidence. I ,iiil(i SliiHil, off llir (lulf of thf Farollon'.-n. — In January, ISIt.S, tlie ship Vilnln, r.eaisley, re- 11 Mini ■hscoverinjr a shoal nearly ei;;hty miles south-south west (^'SW.) from the Sonthcasl l'"aral- 1,111, ii.iv iim but live to seven fathoms of water niioii it. its yeotrraphical posiiinn, as j;iveii in the S.iimcil Mafiazine, is: I.iititiiilc :ili I'l noitli. I,.)ni;itiiili' I--' I 1" "rsl. SiilwcipuMitly many accounts ivcre jiublishet'. of reported rocks, discolored water, and sound- iii;.'s. ,'>i>Mic we found to be j;i'oss e\a;;;;('rations ; but upon die I'. S. revenue cultci' Wiiiiinhi iriioitiiiL: haviULT olitaiiu'd, in fStHi, several .stuindiiins of sixty and sixty lie tathoms in this vicin- ii\ ,i!iil towards the Southeast Tarallon, her trat-k was laid down upon a projected sheet, and in tlni wniiiM of I,SiiS o , r sev Ml hundred mdes of sonudiiiKs wt re elost'ly run over the repoited line of siMiiiiliUi;"!, with oui' hui.'lred (O ei^;ht hundretl la'honis without bottom, in the dilVeiciit exaiui- imMhh^ "Inch have been made over this locality, an aica of ei;^liteen handled sipiaie miles has Iniii >r,uclied lor this daii:,'er without a shadow of siu'ce.ss, and we were sati>licd tliat no such .l.iii;:ci 1 xisfed : but all doubts may be considered removed, for ii! ISTI the I". S. sioop of war iiiM II On 'I. wlii'U soundiiiji; oil !lie I'acilic coast ot the I'nited St alts, and across the ocean to ,la)ian, >li.i\vi'ii Ih.it the one tlionsaiid l.ilhom curve lies only thirty tni'es olf the main line of the coast, .iinl tin' i"o thoMsaiidlalliom curve from si. ty to seventy miles oH'. I'. II ! of her wtnk was '■lose to the reported positions of the \itula Shoal. Six miles north ast M!. .■! tlie location ; .si^jned by Caiilain llearsley of the Vitiiln the soundiiii;' is two thousand (Mil' Imiiilird and sixlv-l'^'' fathoms over ;:reen mud; and three miles «'astsoutlieast (IISM.) fnuu aiinllM 1 ,iN>i;;iied position the depth is two tliot;.-':iii iijht reported the shoal to be in '.atitude .'!7^ ItiA', loiifiitinb' iL'P .'{.">'; I'll! ,1 spciial cxaniiuation l>,\ Ihe Co.ist ainl (b'odetic Sur\e> in May, lft7l, loiiinl no bottom at one Ilii'ii>,ni(l latlioiiis within one mile of that position, whilst nuineious souiidiiiirs o| two hiii^dred .i;iii Mill- iiiiiiilr''d fathoms, without any liottom, indicated .he noii existence of the dan;;er wheie ;i-|"irtcil. It is curious that iii the locaiion of tlaii;:eroiis reef in the approaches to San I'laiicisco ilii- ii'l"iit< i| loni::tudes raii<,'e thioii^l, t wciily li\ c miles and the latitudes I hrouj;h toitx miles. l;i lilt- 1 In,- of I he i'.iislivn /.l(;/l^ elsewhi're ipnited, the lo^ sa.s that '• oliser\ ations for lonj;itiide '*iii' unili 11 next niornin;: near the I'aralloiies; chronometer apparently correct ;" but the fact was :iii' '-11(11 was not correct. Til.- \^>'i of the llnsterii IJijIit shows that on the .'Id March, ISS.S. she had liuht bree/es and ii.iiilii.nc sea with white-caps; and that she saw the supposed shoal at six p. m., when it was too l.irk til notice the color of the water; but the spray broke over the deck. She was afraid to iiUiiii t,i ihc spot on account of its dad appear.) nee. In conferent'c with the Captain, it was I'lUind ili.ii iIk- ...rieeied position he assi;;ns to it is lalituile;{7 ' 17 ," nortli, and loutJitinle 1;.'4-^ l.'(iV west, "I tlcvi-!i iiules from the pulilished pi-,i.i. HANK. ill - i> one of the liiree known siibiiiarine banks oil the coast of ("alil'oi iiia and ()ie;^oii ; oi- il tii..> lie I i.ii.sidered the iHMthwest j'xiension of Ihe plateau of Ihe (miII oI the I'arallones. lor Ihe r.i.iii^i- ,,i ,l,.plli liftweeii them is ctuiipaiatively trilling, b ■'' liroad t)n' Ihe coast line, in the lalitiide ot' I'liint Ke\es, .uid on the proloniratiou of the iiui' tliiuM-li the Southeast and North l''aialloiies. A del,iiled examination has not bei-n made of ''ii' I.Miilny, hilt its p'tieral featuri's are sunicieiitly known. Within the thirty-latlioin line, the '•tiikisiiliont twii miles lou): northwest and southeast neaily, ami iirej^'iilaily half a mile in breadth. bii- iiiul.r,. ,,|' ih,. hank lies south se\i'iil\ li\e de/rees west (S. 7."'' W.) froiii I'oiiil IJeyes i,iy;hl, •I1-1.111I ;u;i. i,.| n mill's ; and north sixl,\ four derive.- west ( N. (it ' \V.) trom the Southeast Karallon 16fi rAriFIC COAST IMI.OT. i Liplit. (listiint twoiity-sovon milos. It is evitliMitly on tlio oilgo of tlio coast pliitciiii, jnsf l)cfi.i,. if 8lo|H's DlVsmliU'iilv to tlii^ ;,Mt'at depths of tlio rarilic ; and on tlic inside, towards Point i;i\is, tilt' deptli ^radnali.v iiicroasos to sixty six fatiioins over line fjray sand midway iM'twecii tlitin ( in tlif sdiitliwi'stein side of the bank tlie depth inereasos to one hnndred fatlioms in two inili - iml to two hundred fatlionis in less than a mile nioiv. A eurved iid;|e of about (iffy tivc to liftysoven fatlionis stretches sonlheastwardiy tow |.,|s the Noonday IJoek and tiie Karallones, as if this wlude line of islets, locks, and tianks ui ic :i partly suUmerijed rid-je parallel with the ^reat haeklioiie of the Peninsula of San I'rancisco, the ridp' from Hallciias to Tomales. etc. The least water ^iven on the bank is twenty tive fathoms in two or more places, witii uxky bottom and live barnacles. Outside the thirty I'athoiii line the bottom is jjiveii as coais"> unl, iu'oken shells, and live barnacles. Itiit we have beer assured that a vessel driftin^j over ii m ;i dead calm found a di'idh of nineteen fathoms, and the Icail bidiij;lil up red, slimy nialcriai imla mass of coarse, red coral. Over the bank the fieneral set of the current is to the soiilhward, and from oii(> to one am! .1 half miles per hour, whilst a decitlcd clianne in tlu' character of the sv.»'ll is experieiict d. In tin search for the bank, IStJS, attention was tirst drawn to the localit\ of the shoal by numlicis oi mi!. scalioiis, ami marine birds which are reported to resort there, lint these special sifjiis of aiiiiii;il life were wantinj: in October. IH,"»;{, and at the time when Hip vessel found nineteen fat lioiiis. as well as at the examination in 1S7;{. When on the bank in clear weather the prini^ipal landfalls of the coast line are distinctly viv ible; Hoss Mountain to the northward. Mount Helena, I'oiiit IJeycs, Mount Tamalpais, ami, Inm: aloft, the Southeast Farallon. Five miles south southeast (SSIv) of the tail of the bank t'"' l.i;;lii house on the Sonthcast Farallon is just visilile from a vessel's det'k. Wo came uiioii this bank at nijiht, in October, IS.');}, and found thirty fathoms with a (lid.lni ehaiifre in the character of the swell. The latitude was determined by observatiiui, but no In'.;;!- tmle observations were obtaineil. Attention was called to the facts in the first edition of 1 lie Cda.-t Pilot. In l.StiS several attempts were imwh' to tind the bank, but bad weather alwa.\s jiitiiMiinl. and even at the last search, when it was found, the weather became very bad after the »oik «.i« coiiimeiiced. Diiriii},' the examination in IS7.'{ only a tew hours were available for xNoik iliiiini; a period of two weeks. The Cordell IJank is a tine lishiny; locality. The red ami the black rock cod, halibut, etc, aiv found there in fjieat niiiiiiiers, and are caii^rht by the ordinary hook and-liiie lishiiiy;. .\ (iiiiiiiain was organized in ISSt to lish on Oonlell hank by anchorint; small schooners on it and liiMii^a steam tender to brill;: the tish to San Franci.sco. 'J'rawlin;;, 01 anchoriii}; loii>,' lines w iih Imii.iI liooks attached, was attempted, but the se lis anil sea-lions destroyed the lish belbre tlie\ .iiiiM 'h hauled in. Owin;; to niis!iian;'„'eiiieiit, no* to the lack of lish, the eonipany failed to 111, ikr ;I jiii'lii able. There was in l.SS,"( n small steamer en^a^icd in tishiii;; on he bank. licpitrtcil Sliiift! in tin' (iiilf of the Fitrdlliinm. — The British shiji Ih-iinilunriii repoiii •! thai ii: the ISth of November, ISSS, a depth of thirty live fatlionis of water over rocky botloiii thirty ti\e miles southwest from the Southeast l''aiallo!i. The v essel was in a th . liillMll ilnl liu reliable Jut!i nt about fifteen hundred fathoms. Tlu' vessel was close under the Southeast Farallon, or cIom iimld the mail) shore. LANDKALl..'^ I'OK Till" (il'I.l' ul' TIIK KAU AM.ONK.S. ill clear weather Mie hif^h mountains aloii;: the seaboard north and south of San I ianii<'". and the lii;;lier mountains some distance inland in the piralh'l ran;;es. are clearly disiiii^iii>li.ili!i at sea at distances even ^'leater than lif;y miles ; and the li;,'lits on the ,Soiithi-ast I'.itill. n ai J roiiit Heyes Head are distin^iuishable at twenty live and twenty four miles respectively , •> in' 1 vessel has iiiaiiy ad\aiilay;es in ;{ood weather in niakin;; «'a.sily ieco;,'ni/cd landtalls whrli mhi to check liri |iii>itioii and control her <'oiirse. The more prominent of ihese lanilniaiK> an' >iiii ineiat«'d with their ;,a'o;,'raphical positions, elevation, distance at which visible from a ,sliiii'> li" "• and characteristic appearance. Tlir Soiilliiiint luinillon fiitil Ijifilit-hoimr. — A pyramidal islet of granite with li"'il. n"''* ajiproaches, in latitude .'(7 ' H' .")l".t norlli, loii;;itiide ll,* t ' IHI' (I7".(» west, elevation llin IiiiimIihI und sixty feet. The li}{lit is visible from a ship's deck t weiityllve to twenty-seven miles. Ihhn w'^'" i I'oinl Ki-vi'M l.iglit-liouHc, si;, l.y Km •'! MlTlCH. ■I. I I, 1 ». mn (■ i \ if'. II 1 I'liiiil III vt'H K'iilt •'•< Li^lil Ihmisc. SK ii r. , 17 mill' ■ in^ar^jr-^p^ ^ > V»- v-'>'r--.'-<>^?>«^----*'>- 1L1£-j3^L<^ '-Mf^ ^^0a-^^ .....-< '■■^■■^'!^' --M»^ ■■-^-mfeJBfal™"" ■"«-»;' >!(iiiiil 'r'Hiiiilpais, •,',('"' f'''''. '■'■• i ^- -"'' "iii<'»- '2»-'->- ■ ^ ;-r- - ii^J^H ,^ ,lFffl»w?'s^. MiiMlit ■rilt|i'i'|>lli'<. ''.Ijll-l f''i'' '11 1 IiiikU. il.'lj MlllrH I'lMiil lii vi'n K'nlf'. I.^i'iii I'i'it, '.'(1 iiiiiP-., Hcail, 597 feet. I'Diiit Kf jph Liglit-lioiise, SE. by E., 6| miles. Low InntI iiortb of Point Reyes. Point Keyea bead Rti an i>i|iinil. Piiiiit rii>.o, SK. » K., 17 iiiili' Hi m U\ ^"Li: I!' i m\ ! % i! « e \' ■ A%\ J i . \ ^ :>.■ ' Ml M \' ' 1 .>^\^ ^^<^,^-f i^:h:';^^ .,.;;.: ^. , ^^..^ X>:- Rohr. M')miUin, 'i,'M> fret, NK. In K. i K.. l.'i miiUh; .-oiwitliiin iti lifur lit Anna l.iglillimiM, N. by \V. i \V - iiiiliw. Ml till' liirk utrj 111 liHzo :iiiil .i^^^> '4- f t 111 mil'- iiiilfM Ih !'>,t Mil' III 1 illi I''m1 I hint /,•' lllllrl . MI'VCM -iMlduM'St It Mill '\ in;; ci II. ,|||II\VS l|i>lll (III' SIIII1 ii'i'ii null's nil iliiiv !■ I he SI- ilii.l.lnl (jl'Sl- /,-..vv .1/,,/ ii; 1 ; .7, aihi Inilli.j ti>|l|l|'|| \rl> iil>lilll'|I l! IS vi>il I.l;;lil lioilsi', 1 uaiil 111 tilt' ^■ U-iiiiit II, lilir III i.llJtilil lllllllllrll ailll null'- iiiil.sliji- ^honit in ■'- l> .'. Ion; iM't, mill is \ I iiillcs. Il SJIII ;i!iil. » lii'ii SCI "in- 111 till' \ II \loll,lt 1,1 lii|i;;ilinli' IJJ tllllll .1 >lli|l's I milshli' of I'l Hi.' \M'>ICI|||||| I"''- Tlir iiiiiii I'HMII.Ist with '•IIIIIIIICI- SI'II.M) Mi'iitara I'iMk Ml rlusrl ■i\<\:i:us as a rill' lii;;lii's; |i li'>s Illilll I V\ll "f l«i'lil\ till-,. ^■•iit liniii, 'iill'' 111 liltillll I'-i't .mil IS visi l"ii .ri.l fli-\|.|| /.'''■■ I'll {His 'I'llli crlLiiii I '■III ihi| iiiaki' t ^■ll<'ll. -I-M.ss ,.|| "I wiurli " Th :illil lllirl\ ri-li '■l^i'ii il.l>. ll II, II "An ,1 • M. Ml I N'aiii I'ACIKH! COAST ril.oT. Hi til II inilt's iHirtliwiinl oJ Point IJcycs, iiixl wlu-n :i vi'hscI is aliroiiNl of Mniitiini Point. It is Just, lirliio till' liiiii/iiii iMi Mil' ('oniril It.uili, iiiiil Just \ jsildo t'niMi a vcssri's tlt'ci; wlitMi in tin* (Solilt'n (liilc. I'm ilt'lailcil (Icsciiptidn sec |>a;;fs !!•!», 'JiMt. I ■■ml lujirs Uniil, in latilnili- M • .">!»' ;{S", lon^itndo iL'.t ' tiiietly seen in clear weather from the vieinit.\' of the Cordell ISaiik. 1; IS visilile tiftvst^vt II iniles at sea t'lom a xessi'l's di ir sixteen miles lievoml Point .Vreiui l.i;;lii hoiise, li fly three imlv's ontside of Point Ueyes I,ij;lithoiise, and seven miles to the sonth- Hiiiil III the Southeast I''arallon. Mmiii/ III linii — This massive, Itroad topped mountain lies m'arly thirty miles in from the coast- line III latitude -ts ' III' Hi', lon;;ilnde I'-':.' ' .'is 01", and attains an eleval ion of four tlionsaml lliiee liiiiiilii il and forly-lliree feet. It can lie seen from a ship's deck seventy-nine miles, or seventeen iiilli'N iiiitsiilc the .Southeast l''ai'allon. The view ;;ives a fiir idea of its appiMiance. \hniiit IHtthlit* lies thirty miles to the easl-northeasl w.ird of the tlolileii (late, in latitude .iT^ ."i: !■< .7. loii;;itude 1-P .">r .">l".'.'. It attains an elevation of thirty elt;lii Imiidrcd and forty eijjht lilt. , mil is visilile fidiii a ship's deck seventy ti\e miles, or eifjlilci'ii iniles outside the north Fatal- Iniio, It shows as a pyramidal peak over the('ontra Costa moiintains east of .^aii I'raiici.sco Pay, ,i;iil. wlieii seen lietwceii the Middle and the North I'aralloiies, the (iohU'ii (late is in line with it. iliii III the views shows Mount Mialdo in raii<'e with Point Lolios. 1/. mil I'limulpnis^ or TdUlf Mnunlniii, the western peak of which is in latitude LMC'.OO liiii;;itiiile IL'I,'-' .!.">' l,-»". SI!, at tains an elevat ion of twenty six hntidied and lom leet and is visilile lnHii .1 ship's deck sixty two miles, or thirty-live miles oiilsiile Ihe north Paiiilloiies, and torty miles iMilMili 111 Point Iteyes Head. I'rom the .south and southwest it shows lliree siiinmils. of which till' wcsii'i iiinost is sli;;lilly the hi;;liest, the niiiidle one the lowest, and the easteriiiiiost the sharp- ist. 'I'lic iiioiiiitain is covered with linshes and scrub trees, which ;;i\e it a dark appearance in ii'iili,i>l uilh the ;,'rass coxeied slopes of the surroiiiidin;^ hills, more csjiccially noticeable in the ■ iiiiiiiiii season when Ihe latter assume a li^:lit led tint. Mtiiitiini Mininliiin is in latitude, .">7 .i,!' .Is".,"! liiii;;ilude IL'D^ L'S' ."iP'.S. This is a sn;;ar-loaf pi.ik -.11 cliisely surrounded by other peaks of nearly the same elevation that from seaward it i|<|ii-.iis as a rather bniad topped mountain having' three small peaks and eipi.il sIopiii<; sides. llir lii^rliest peak rises to an elcTation of nineteen hiindied and Ibiiy teet alimc the sea. It is li'ssiliaii two miles back from the coast, and it should be visible tVo'n a ship's deck tifly-tive iniles, iir l«i-iii\ three miles beyond the North Paralloiics and eifiliteen miles outsiiie of Point Keyes. > 1/1 i.nuiii Mountain. — The western end of this Ion;,' rid;;e is ei;;lit iniles (SIO.) of the (ioldeii 'lati' 111 lalitinle ;!7 ' 1 1'. I. Ion;; i Hide ll-'L'^ liti'.l. It has an eleva ijoii oi tliirteeii hit ml red and tifteon till .iiiij IS visible from a ship's deck forty live miles, or ei;;lit :iIIh ll.in tlir .Sinia ili- San .liiaii llniili.sni. ' Miaiiiiin |l ^ I'll' inlilll 1 \ till' TaiiiiilH, iiii liiili.'iii Irilir iImI iiilialiiti'il iln' iinil liri ii piiniisiila. : Naiiiiil li\ llri'rhi'N 111 |s,'(l; I, niuMi as Lus IVrliiiN ilc la (linrii liy llu' S|iaiiiaiilM. n •sJ IWf 1*^ 1(;,^ I'Aciric ct>Asr I'li.oT. luMks iMiMkitin if" '•iitlitu'. Tlu' Pup>« lio smith thirty hiiiiilii'il iiiiil thii tv.t'i^ht li-ct hts iiiiic truths <>i jsdl.itcil. Tiicv lilt' Msilih' Irniii .1 ship's ih'ik thirty iiiiif iiiih's, m ihiiliTii inih's mitMilc llii- Sdinli, ruralhiii. i'iy;lil iiiih'> hiiiskIc the North KiiraMoiH-s, iintl t'i^'ht inih-s oiitMih' To:. it I.'c.m's IIi.iI Till' Tiiiiiiiliiiiis I'lninsuUt of Situ /■Vin.r (vcci liaij, — 'I'lic liii;h I, mil iioiiinMv-.| ut' I hr (lulihn ( , rcacht's iiiin' hiiiiilicil ,iiiil t\M>iit> Icct tlcxatioii just north ot I'oiiil hi.ilihi, iiinl .iNn nm i tlirft'i|iiiirtrrs niiii's northwest (NW.i iVoin I'oint UoiH't.i. This hind is visjhh- fruiii a shi|r> .; lit thirty •■inc iiiih'S, or t wi'lxr iiiih's hcyniul the North I''.iralhiiii'-i, aiiil tciiirli'Cii iiiiU's Ih'mhhI T lIcM's. Till' cirst hill' of this pi'iiiiisiila is Moiinl 'rainalpais. il thi- Tain ilpais I'riiinsiila imlicali'^ the l>i' i I'raurisni. isco, in lalitiich' .i? ^ i'.i .(•. loii;,'itiiih' I'Ji: ii^ 'n \ ioilih' troiii a ^hip"> ih'ik al a i|i.>taiicr I'l - ir anil iiiiirtccii liiih's smith of l'i;;('oii I'' ' ' Spaniavils. t ot' till- ^reat mass of the pi'iiiiisnlii ni ^i Il'l .••0' III .11. It is Ihiitx sfMii hiiiiilivd , , ship's iliM'k at si'xrnt.v torn imlcs, m |iiii\ ill's smith ol rmiit I'llios la;;ht. rhi'>ii iiiin I...VC thf "fi iicral i-it'st 11 iiort'icrn shoii' of Montcirv I'.ay to I'oini Aih ami the oii'ali. is raih'il thr Sii rra Siiiihi ( ,'i: oil'. in ami S.in I''iani'i.srii liay ami Saiil.i i k. '"'f(\. Till' rh.iiii is ill t'ai'l .i roiii innaMnii ui iln iioiijih liy till' i'aj.iro Itixci. whuii cmpiH'^ isii' il the (iiilf of the I'aralloiiis, a \i'ry imlin il'!' ii.Mila ot San l''ianriMii smith nt' I'lHiil I ■■ o h in tow.mls ami roM'im^ tlie tout ni tin M he w liite, saml\ rlilN si icliliiiii: tnw .iiiN !• th till' iXVvM wliiti' clitl'M'ast ot l>i:iKi"> I'. n in.i III' loi'ality. These aie the elllls « li;i h li' ■ .ImI 'I pm tioli of the lami, liiit then llie sllliilniN "t t raiiial|i.iis to the iimlii, ami Mmitaia M t III llill> siitiwin;; as iiiie ni.iss |m tjir s,.iii! '\ ,hl t l-.mllliai ks III ileleimii e a vessel's pii.slll"li hv qiii'iitlx exis^wheii ihe l''aiailom'> siiii» <'!i.ii'. the a|ipriiai'liiiij^ sea liree/.e will Iniiiu i' ""I shiilt time, in;; ami aiitiimii, u hen the w iiuN are m'i.v I'^lit smoke (roiii the city of San l-'ramiMo «ill mimm'- the lieacli .•^(iiith of I'oint l.olios, ami 'iii^eni' Un- ir may not lie aide to make mit tin lli iiN. ni'l »r liy lieaiiii^is on Tamalp.ii^. Mmil.ii.i. "i lin' swept away to leew .nil. Ml iUutaiuou lljo l.ial. (J'l.i.nl .Siiiv.-v i li.irl nl si •M lit I' ' 'P f I V tf <}> M »^i ». '" ■m m s 1 M l«lll ■'ll 11 ; H 1^: i-if^ -«,"--'■ ■y^^j'-'N*^. » Point San TtMirn. V. liy W .f. uhImj*. r •»« ..'A '•,, ■■ Moiitnii) rciiipl K<'H wliJHlli>, 'J iiiil.'K Point San IVUrn, SK i E., 4 milt;«. "-^j,'.yj'S4!'tWS^^-.;4-llA»2S?f?sr;r.a?s?.' ilmitarn I'mi'.iI l-'i.i{whiHtli\ SK. ny S., " ihUhh, ^^'5?.«i«iMfe-«^.. ^V-- ^...^^. '^Slpg j/.TjjiajT- ■ pDiiit Sun l'iMlr.i.sK.,r,iiu.'«H H-.»/.\, iiihI liig' ■ l"ii.l ..ii iiili l.^i-n. IM •: \ILF.D DES INKS, tN( ::/\VIGATIO I'l'illl SiVI I liir -..lltllCilst I''l W.ll.lv I'llWll 111 [],•■:. 'Iiis point, I'm. ., •, tliirtyci, Mioi,.!i;iiiis conii ^ll(>ll•. The alu I'l'ilii'. I:i tlii'oc mi I'l.iii' inns lo I'l ilii'iM' liitliiini III -liiiir iivcr lianl I'liint San 1 lioii: iiavinj; n 1 iii.nk !i>i' niakin iiiiMii lact' of til ■'III' i|ii:iri«'r of i' ti'i't ii.ill a mile iii,n-li.\ ;:i'onn(l A liiplelu'i ail t'l'xalion of liiiii pLiinly. S ll is I'l'lllirctt'il W lu'ii I'oin ;liii'l> wfatlicr. ifiiil} sintjli' p ;.i«;iiii-i lilt' son slliilr luii' two 11 imiiii 1^ .iiiproac \\iv l"vv hliilf til' \ 'll'plll of iiiilr iinl>i(li'. i I'i'ilio \iillcy, a ill.' 'nrlv. Well ■ UN liiivc iisim: A riirk lies jnsi I'll- ;ri'0;,'ra lii'oilriir Siirvc; i.alitii l."t,«il III, III I hr I'lllou 1 I'lilli! .Sill i'cijr •■•■iul S'llltlll WIliNl I'.'llll M.'I'.IIM M: Al l''iint S [IViiH .M.'iiiara. ill i-.iily Sp |«tilll/.M '111, "1111111 iPimit, ;iiiil iJoHc: :| PACIFIC COAST I'll.dT. 1C9 PI U.KD DESCRIPTION OK ISLANDS, CAPES, AND SHORES OF THE GULF OF THE FARAL- ■NHS, INCLUDING THE GOLDEN GATE AND ISLANDS, ROCKS, AND SHOALS, AIDS TO :;AVIGATI0N, ETC., IN SAN FRANCISCO UAY. ,'■/'«/ Sail /'((/»•(>. —.'riic tirst Iiuitll'all iiiiiilc dirct^ll.v l)v vo.sscls cniniii}? upon llii' cou.st soiitli of ill.- iitliciist I'liralldii is the proiniru'iit iiioiiiiIuIm lid;,'!' strclL-liiti}; as a j;rcat backltom^ ssoiitlieast- Aii.l \ down flic |i('iiiiiHiila ol San l''ian<'is('(> IVoiii Toiiit San rcilio. It rises ;jra;lit (loprt'ssion abreast of Half Moon IJay, lor tbity Miilcs to Mount 1,1. ■■ tliiity cif,')!!. hnndrcil t'ei't IiIkIi. l.vinj,' north of Monterey Itay. It is a hohl, compact line of 1,1 Miiis (;oniinj;c sipiarely down on tlio coastline.olV which lie no known dani^eis oin' mile from The abrupt and precipitous northern termination of this mountain raii;,'e is I'oint San iiiiv\.ition ot nearly one liiindreil leet. Its south lace is while and shows the line ot stratitiea- ■i.iii pl.iiiily. Seen IVoiii the west, tlie di|i of the strata is alioiit sixty dejireis to the iinrthwaid. i' !■- 1 niiiiected with the m.iinhiMd by some low rocks. This i> known as the San I'eiiro Kock. \\ lien I'oint Sail I'edro bears southeast, live miles distant, with the rocks otf it hidden by lurk weather, and the to|) of the iid;,'e covered with Ibj;, it may be readil; kiiitun by an appa- ■'ii!\ >int;le pyramidal hill risiiifr abruptly and breaking; ;lie i;-eneial .-lope of the mountain iwiiiis the southwest. This is the hill, three hninlred and foit,\ feel hiuli, lyiii;^ on the immediate -hull' line two miles westwardly from the summit ol .Mimlaia .Mountain. As the foL;s lifts, or the |iiii;ii !•* approached, the rock will Ix; seen inside. (U- a|>|iarently to the eastward of this hill; and 'ir l'>vv blulf towards I'oint Mimtara will show (Uitside of it. \ lii'plh of si.\ fathoms is loiiiid close to Sail I'edro i;i>i'i». and tvvelve f.itlioms one third of a 1 lir ipiii>.ide, l!uV to the noi tlieast«ard, in the small l)i;;lit rornied ai the low opening; of the San I'nliii valley, a depth of eiy:ht fallioiiis is found hall a mile olV slioii- ami t!>e san.e distance from !ir '.M k. Well into this small bay live ami a half tathomsof water is cai i ieO, and s; wlii.slli' S, 'Jl K., (lisliiiil ;!* liiili'.-i. s.Mitlii'iUil I'liralloii Lij-lit .S. s- \V., iIihIiuiI -Jl* inilis. WliiKlliiij; Ililii) (ill' .San I'laiiil.'Mii Miir ill lilti'i'ii r.illiiiiiis N :>] \V, ili-taiil Mi iiiilrs. r.iiiil lliilirlii Lljflit-liiiilHr N I- \\ ,. .li-l.nil |:;i mil."-, '! Mi'.i .Moiiiilain lieshotith thirty de^'iees east (S. .'ill K.) three miles Ironi I'oinl San I'edro. , \i I'liiit San I'edro the nearest aid to iiavif^atioii is the lbj;-\\ liistle already dcscrihcd at |r"uii M.iiitara. I bi c.iilv Spani.sli charts this point was called I'unta de .\nmenas. In l7(I!»l>oii Mi;;iiel Con- |lt;iii/.M .li'icrniined the l.ititiide of I'dint San I'edro b\ beaiiii','s and estim.itcd dist.ince trnin I'lll.ir iPimit. ami dcHcrilu'd it an "the land near the harbor of San Francisco, havinj,' the I'.irallones on hI 1 . I'J!''. '» * ., 1' I '. It " I rAciric COAST rii.oT. tlio west qunrforiiifj iiortli |liifitu(I»'] ;J7^ ;$.V." In ,Tiiiu>, 1770, Don Salvailor Fitlaljjo calls ii i,, I'nnta dc Alint'Jas, in latitude 'M^ ,'{3/^ Tiiis point is nit'ntioiuMl. hut not naini'd, by Admiral .lost' Cahrcra llut'iio (Joiizait's, i7:'il, ,1^ lyinj; I'omtt't'n !i'a;;nt's soutlu-ast one qiiaitiT soiitli tVoui Point Ki'vcs; and iictori' ifarliiiiu 11 \\ ,■ land is of niodcralc hci^jiit, broken. Itari' of tiailtcr near llie sea. wilii clilVs, etc., I'vidcntlv icfci 1 .u- to till' foniparativfly low shores norlli of Point San Pedro. On old ICn^ilisii eliarts it is naineil Cape IJlane; on llie first \'. S. Coast Survey eliarts it w 1, 'ailed Point San Piedras. • line for eleven and a half miles from I'nini S.ni It a mile to the eastwaid in a lon,u ciiim', mihI i> I lid till' roeky spurs ot' inters I'liiiijj nd;iis. « Ii | .1 en liiiilV reaeliiiii; an e!i'\ ation of seven hiiii ai'ii Point Iiobos, and is a ^^ood mark. e^pi'ii.iiU a elufiter of lar;;(' hoiisrs near (lie beaili :ii Hi- of Point I.iibos; ami half a mile s.inlh\v;nil >>| Life-Savin;; slaiion. sand dunes rise the yrassy siimmils of the Icnii •• I, one Monnlaiii." four liiimlird and si\i\ li-ln t the soiilhern and eastern part of the (Iuik^ iix' leet, and the Mission 1 1 ills to nine hiiiiilreil iiiil ilden (iate P.irk is beiii;; uradiially covered wiiii 'cnliai asiiect of this waste. SAN 1-RANCISCO. Itil!i:s. — CK.NKltAI, Dl'.SCUII'I'IiiN. ly. ami presents the ehaiaiter of a ^,'ieat tli II m eby connect iii^,' the ba> of S.iu I'laiicisco aim ii> it ill ;;ood weather it is 'icillt I'l imaL'ilii' tiial .ph and so Well delilled tin' Colill.l ('i'>la he entrance is Point Pioiiela, a Iji;:Ii. blarix. iim „\ lid colilinnolls lli.ull rockv shore to the nMitliue>l oiindiii;,' cape with black, rii;;;;ei| clitVs al it^li.i^r its western faec and three miles o( w ilh Naial liese heads both shores me liiy;'', boh I, binKeii iiiti ei, risinj; almost perpeiidicnlaily fimii tin w.ihi. ret but a .'holt dislalice back, aial ill se\eli linlo idred and four h cl above the sea. On llieMiiilll 'h b laeUed b\ iisiii;: iiiiiil : ilie hilK aic iniiiit' liially III allilmie to the soiitiiu.ml. ainl II fei't on the .San liiiiiio Mi'iiiitain, seviii miles 1 anci^eo lint lanre b\ the ( 'lla^l Siii \ cy slmU the \ of till' (bildeii tiale. whiUt thecharl In 'in I'eiiil •niiaiiee to San l''raiicisco, and "ivc^ all tlii! '■"* lay anclnn' anywheie. and the dijitli "I *'■■ ■ " line jiiinin;; Points llonela and l.nbos. Iheo'is d II stern face of Point I.obos. Tlicv i'liii S.I. di'^lanl two ami one i'i;;litli iiiili (lull, I'm III till- heads. Inside the In-ads lliediptli Siat<-H, III 1-11. III!' liiilili II li.ili' IS iiilliil llm 'l 111.* ■•I'l imn I W\ li ;t: 1 m "■ -'^J ft; m • * 'm- I'will i ■:| 1 ''ffi' ;,:jl M.i-iiii 'h lMixli\irv 1 ik| ^^.ijy» mmmmmimim^^^. ■MH^^^^^^^HI North riirnlloiiPB, N. } W., a inilcR. Prakr's Hay, 2IH inilfs. I'diTil Ki ycM l.iKlitlioiiMc, N. J W,, I'.i miles. ApiiroarlirH to Shu KraiiriHiMp Hay I'loiri llic .Sonthwost. Tlif NiirtlifiriiSlinrpHoniu'Ciilf (if Ilic KaralloiKs. _^*»?v "^^ .VaJK? rn"TT"^""""r '" ' n"-[ rill' N'mth itiiil N()rtln':».sli'rii Slidnsof llir (liiir nt llii' I'.iialliui Mount Tainnlpais, Nh^..^^! miles. Dtixhiiry Heef, NE.,iWi, iiiilcs. Mitldlf I'liriilUiTi, NE., 4+ miles. «^^«.j%!- *ii.'j_ .ii";ii|iai^. N I.'. , . •.".• mil (illllllMI (illtH, NK.liy I'',, i K..;!Ui inil.'N. .■*iiiitlii',Tst Kariilliin l.inhl-liouse. K. Iiy N. 3 \.,.-i iiiileH. i; 'u ronil I. uuj i| ii > wy j^w> m mmmtmnmmrmsi^^fftmat I 'Clint R.ji's l.ij;ln lioiiKi ,N. I«y E . 11 i,,,, 'l :,iiiiil(i;iiH. '.'.i.Hi ii-.^t, Nl'.. liv K . 2H niiloH. Dinl'iiiv I'liiiil. .(V.. .jMm :>^r..»:,dSK>»'. >iiiitliiMsi K.iriilltiii l:; liy S.. ; S ',U nulfp. ■'■ ■'^IH! I'il 1 ;' lilj 1 ■ * 1 ti: A|t|U<>,ii'lii-H to Sjui (''riincmrit ]Ui\ Iroiii tlit> Sontliwi'Nt. UJ.. I --LLL JIW ' . _.Jili>.„k.,jiiti-jijB »»r; Vjjj | ^jj ( .iv.-4aJH!Ua^^.!» »' U,i^^^ i ' -3 »ii - !ll"! ..ili .Mtia JilL ' ; ■'-• I'liiiit Ki'jo l.inlil liuiiM , N. Iiy i; , II iiulrr. l)iakr'.i lt:iv. Apprciiit lii'M III .sail Kniiiriniw i::t. iroiii Noonday iCock. i^-- '■ •!UUV- Niirtli KHrallotK LSTIV-ct, [•:. fS.,:!i Mcnliir;! M Iiiiii, I.HIO fpcl, K. i N., :)! mil'' '^mam^mm^mt • \in\ from Noonday IJock. Moiiiii r;iNiul|>iiiH, '.'.(iW lent, NE. Iiy R.,2H miles. Diixiiiiiv I'ciiiii. t^v-^ '■■ Ki.iJ^hm — • --^-j.*i^.^^-=^- -.k Ncirtti I'Mr:ill(iiieM, lf)7l'(>.'t, K. JS.,:iiiiili'H. Midillf Karullcin, E. l.yS. J.S.,7f miles. Si)iitl»':i»t F.ir;illiiii, K. Iiy S., 11 S..'.U milcN. li.1 im liL'.ii-"';. i i tti: ■^*. MiiiHil Taiiialpiim •JXmhvi. NK. l>yN.|N.,l;)„„iw,. nMM.,.|.l,„{,at<.. Mount Diablo. NE.hvKiK, 47 milen J....... l'o„„ K„„.„ir. „, NK. , K.,20 n.il.s. Point LoI.oh NF |,v F /k S»ii llrniiii Miii]i.l.»ii!, l,:i-^-, Im,t M»iilar« Mountaiii, l.lMii f,.,.t, |.;. i,,, s.. -Jii mil™. Ti TTif'"' ■^^"-- t« i.ip illy to six >(iiii li .mil l.j iii^' i'l' llic Cor (ipcil-* Ucll l(( il ■•' H Cl'rll (HI «.i;i'l' rvists ii 111' rll)>(> llllllc the liiii> JDiiiiM :i lilir iMtllttlll MiV Itdcks. \'.\i'u will ciitraiiccs, ;is Silli'i.V cMtcrcd V..:. II, p..-!) • rilC IVrfn lllTIIMil 111, ■111, -Ki It i.'<(lil1ii' Dnlll'lil. lull III timk till' lica\\ sillikiMi l.-d.uc. il.nii^r; s inside < 'ii llic ni>i sii'ii.il sliori sii i> till- lirsi (>iin lll.>t.llll IIIIC illK UllllliTS of i» D •hI-i. tl> ':■^ lnliii>li clh!^. I'inlii I'dili iiiiii'i\ii\i' fct'i tins pllillt lll'l' .S .llilr only IVoill < III llic SIlU I" I'nillt S;lli ,li i> llliMlfialcl^N h lii.iik Point. "I >.iii I'l'.iiicisi linililin-s, farid I I'llli Itl.ir '.liirr Is lliifi- ,| I'll! 1.1 the .•it; >litiii- 111,,, ^vas fi ■' ' '>ti! iVoiii « ■ I I llli.S M I , 'rmajrfi ''>■ I'i'i wax CO I'-iiuivt'd ''I'l'iiii. .Hid at '"l"il' a ll.i;;' .>la '•ViM\ da\ at t'\i li'iiir^ liMiii (ir,., I'l'MII Tt'lfJ,'i ■lu'i' widt ■ '" !'■ ii i.s coiitr «li.it i« Kmovm, :i I'll' rily >>] : fr"ni 'lirniraii T, rAriric coast pii.ot. 171 i,i| illy to sixly-Hii'co fii(lif)ins in tln> iiiirmwcst pail of llic ciitriun'o, br'twccn I'ort Point o?i \\\i\ -,■ ii .mil I.iiiic I 'dill I on tiic noilli, when' tlic u nil li is only seven cl;^!!! lis of a mile, ami tlie lie.ii' ". i| the I'oiiner soiilli i)y east tlirei- i|iiaileis east (S. i>y V'.. ,' Iv) Iroin t lie lal lei. I'liein'e I lie hay n|u:i-; Mfl! to the iioitiieast anil the soiiiniin^s y:i'ailiially derreasc. No hiilih'ii (lan;;eis have been i|,>.r.vci'eil oiitsiih- the line lielweeii Lime I'oinI ami I'orl Point except \eiy elose insliorc. Deep ■I' I exists aronntl the Mile Uocks, he'ween Point Ijoliosaml I"'orl Poiiil. lint two snnlieii rocks :ii iiiM' under till' ('astern side of the inner Mile Itoei; ; ain'i a. siinkeii rock has lieeii found outside Mil line joiiiin;^ the oiiterinosi visilile rocks under the shore aUreast of Mile Itocks. A four and I li ill' fatiioin rock, wiiicli may iiavc less water upon it, has lieeii located in the passage inside the Mill Koi'ks. Pilots now avoid this chaiim I. liven willioiit ai tilii'ial safci,'nard-. and pilots, the ( ioldeii (late wmild he one uf the vers safest ■ n'l iiices, as practically testrd liy ihe earlier na\i;,'alors and by the many tlioiisaiid \esselsthat -ill \ entered ami left it in thccarlier years ot California's develoi>iiicnt. Vet weliiid that Iteeelcy '» ■ II, p. ;!) says: ■ I'lli- rri'f iif lurks llrs t Un'i'-iiii:o-Irrs of a liulii fiiim I 'unit Hiiiii'l;!, wliili' humii' siiilli'l'c. forks, willi ilivp uiitiT 1.1 till -Kiiliiii' ilir sliipii' on our riL'lit ;;ht ( 11(11111 c-iilrrnii,' \ iii.il kl'.l tlult .siilr llN cl;iiii;i'ro ll i.s dilliciilt to pro|iei ly characleri/.e such an erroneous iml^iiieii I. 'll Hie is no reef olf Point llMl.rl a. hilt the . all'oidin;; a bo.il laiiiiinu'. I'uiiit I >ialili till- lirst point inside Point P.oneta. .iiid be, lis iiortheasr by east t wo t liirds e.i--i , \ 1',. by V. y; !•;. i>t. lilt one and a h.ilf miles from it. P.elween these points the shore is imleiitiil iboiii three ices iif the dills show a reddish piirph I'ls ot' a iiiile. In tlie\icinil\ of Pmnt Kiablo the f ..1. Tl.. . it.^li cIiiIn d sjiecks found on the bar are proli,ilil> tleiivcd from the disiiite;,'r,ition o|' these I'loin Point Diablo tin- shore is ia;,';;eil and irre;;iilar to Lime Point P.liill. lour hundred and iiiiii';\ tixc feel lii;;li. ilist.int one mile and beariiiL,' northeast three cpiartei- c ist \ P. ,' I^.), I'nder this point are se\ cral Iiil;Ii rocks, but Ihey aii' so close to the base of the bin if .is to be ilislin;;ilisli- ■ only from cert.iin directions. < tii the smith siilr nl' tin < iilfiii eastw.ird from l'"iiit Point, t he slmii milt San .lose, dist.iiit two and a half m ind teannir east In noi iiiiiiler.itely hi;;h a .11 k Point. ( tlV this reach ml is occupied b\ Ihe rniled Stati was the "outer aiich "! > III l''r,incisco i s seen a slioii dist,iiici' behind it. The shore I is low. llat. and marshy th I !■;. by N. ). This point I'oii M.ison. It is locilly kiiouiias orau'c" of t'onner navi^ itors. and the Presidio lilcled In iiiimcroiis me IS liou lin 'iiMjis, factories, \\har\cs. etc. I iiiiii Ml.ick Point or Point .San dose to Noith Point, at tln' base of rrle;;ripli Mill, the di> is till ee i|llart(M'S of a mile ,iiid till ariiiii' cii't northeast (PNI",.', All lliisspai'c lorms out into deep water. oiiu sto;i- 111) use li.ls been I'l.i lit the city of Sail I'l incisco, ,ind is eo\erci| with houses mer hilliips an 1 s.iilrys. The ^lion- Ijtic uas lorinerI> dciioiiiinated the •• North Peach." bill is now beiiii;- built iipuiili a urc it -'•iiutll from which wharves are to pn. "Ill; over this section of the sea wall. fi Icitraph lllll li.scstii.i height of three liiimlred and one I', el abo\e llic iieail le\elofllie '■iv.iiid wa.s coveted Willi imiscs until iccciitly when the sninmil u.isopemd as a paik and the Iiii'iMs leiiioved. llowcNcr. .1 lari;e white, c.islellaleil strncliire stands o,i the iioith side of the ■•ntiiiMit, ,iiid at iiiolii .1 bnllLini electn :hl ninct \ nine fei t abo\ i the h I'r. Mil I lie ■"p "f a ll.|o- .stall on the main tower of tins iMslcll.ilcd buililoi;: a limescrxn'e b. ill is dropped '•\'|> il.iy at «'\actly twelve o'clock, standard time ione liiindrcd ami tweiitieili iueridi.i'i, or ei^hl M tiieiiiwich). I "111 relc;,'r.iph 1 1 Ml S.m Francisco P.a> opens to the southward tm t\\ciit,\-se\eii milcM with III iv ia;;e width of liv six miles. To the mirt liw .ii d it si i etches ten miles to Point .Sm P.iblo «iit're it is colli r.ic led to i.iic and two thirds miles m uidlli. bm bexomi ili.it il expiiids ,iml forms >iiowii us San P.iblo |!,i\, wlin'h is realh only the northern pari of S.iii I'laliciseo I! ly. Pie city of S.m francisco oiii braces ilic iioithei n e\tieinil\ oi t he peninsiil.i ot' .Sin l''ramiseo Irmii I lie oct'uii front round bv and inciudi; u' the (I old. n (..ite, and snuthwiid a Ion;,' ihe b,is sliori' u ' ^i: I i iji 171 I'ACll'lC ('(lAsr IMI.iil'. Ih'.voikI Hmiti'r's Point, (ivi> iriilos soiitliciist troiii 'rili'u;i"i|''i Hill, cincriii:; one liiiii(lrc(| sipi n.^ miles. Thr iii.UM IVoiit imw used liv ilci'ii sea vessels cxli'ii Is riiiiii near lUacU I'oiiil to I'o!',:. Point. The liarliof is under tin- direetioii and ecnitrnl of a ."^late llaihoi- < 'oiniaission, ami ve^-, '> not !iioiij;iil to the \vhar\es mnsl anchor wilhm certain pii'scrilied limits ilesiijnuted liv tli. m Deep sea vessels disi'iiaiL^c and load not oidy at the Iront of .San l"r,in ai ds fioin t he p( a depth of li\e t'.uhoins all around it. hut the ch.innel is not wide enoiis;li for a sale |i,issaL l'|ion iliese rocks are lar;,'e luimhcrs of sealions. .Vmoiifi the pilots they are lumwii as ih KocKs."' Point I, olios r ises alirilp tl\' to a round head tliiee luindied and ei'dil\ feet almxe th least of the Soul h Seal loeU IS ,1 ',i; in.ii Ued li\ small sand pilches. I'poii the point directly a I white house, sixty feet aliove the sea, on thelirou of the perpemlicnl.ir Idiilf. It hears. i.u;, .sj lie I ions siiiii marked •• ClilV I louse." ( >liier and \ery lar;,'e hiiildin;,'s lie iimler the soiilhe i ^ .! of the point a I I he Inn it of I he sand dunes , IS.SI ) ; ami improv ementsare he in;: in.ide on lli. ahove the Cllll ilou>c. St earn cars now run from the south side of the head for a mil Willi the heach. Southward ot' tliis point tlie Ion;:, low line of sand he.ieh can not he n eo"n,,,.u I thick. fo''::\ weallier. and the le.id must he u^ed. and alleiil ion paid lo tiie dllei't imi in wlih >i ll P.oiiet.i l-'o'' uh'sth 1^ lieanl Th le sea lions on Seal Pocks. how.'Xel xcep up an almost eon ro.ii in;:, which is a -ood ;:uidi' iii thick weather, as these are the only roidvs near the enM. en where they eon;:re;:.ite. In clear weather the miles of drifiin;^ white sand dunes which U.<. lieacli form a eonspiciioiis ami easily leconm/ed fe.itnie of the approach from some di>i r side I he har. The I.ifeSa\ in;: station has a hoat house on the inside of the heach h df a iniir to llie >' 1 lencli I'liait No. P.t7!'. ■• IStiL', with eoricetions to Isi;;), jias eiroiicously placed a li|.dit house .■.«! Point Polios. The pilots and sliipin.isleis complain thai under ciit.iin atiiio^pheru* (ihhIiIIoii from the ClilV llon>e somel imes mislead \essels appio.icjiin;: the •loldeii n the iioi I hwolein slope, and near the siimmii of i'iimt !.'•« «is, is j.icalisl the ■• ' ' trrapli .Station " of the m u ine repoi ler for the Merchants' Kv u,iiii;c of S.tii Pi-;*iicixis.. are I'epiii'ted a.s .simu a.s their niimher or name cm he m.ule on' from this station. I'll is is till |iiiiiiteil evirem itmi^. rocky eli w.ihl lace of til • 'lie tiiile north llic liMldeii (iat W lien seen I'.'in: liiahio, a H.iiil 11 >lious a I'll' liiiiiidatioii l.lll'N ill such l|U iiii' lii>l heavy i lii.ii k co|(M' and file n.irrow w.inl ,iiid e.istu .\ \ essel en III the three lioh liiest dl-tanl OIK 'I'llckl.v lo 1 1 , "111- iv llie old ll;; ii'iiiiihiii: lull of 'liriii. .\pp,iren a.Nlii;;li ,iN the el i!i;;li. il.it, rockv "I H mile nortlnv iliiili'l' tile inin'r llir Vessel conu'S Imtf-r (Ml llvi leve ' lis to lie I" ill- afleri ■ 'Ml^|licu I inn ,ire no ' -Mild -llid liftv ii iiicreii i''':iiii rii.irt sho '+"■. -!•- ' -nlllhu, IM^ d( I'llMla il.> lus I.iiIji I'lilUl iif III' 1 >r;l 1 Wolves ,'l • i 1- i rAcM'ic coAsr I'li.or. 173 Till' rtilliiwiii;,' lii'iniiit^s and distaiuics to inoiiiinent objijcts art' ^ivcn from the South Seal lliii iv. i>iV roint I, olios: MoMtaiM i'liinl ri><;'\vliiMtl(> S. Hi K,, (listaiit i 1^ imIIi'm. r.iiiit S.iii I'liIni S. llP K., ilisliiiil II iiiili'H. Scp|itlii:i>l laiMllmi l,i;;lil S. til)' \V., iliNliinl 2:!} miles. \\ liislliiii; liiKiy iiiiInIiI' tlir bar S. tl.'i VV.. (li.slaiil tij iiiili'H. Iiisiilr li.ir liiiiiy S. -1 \V., (liHtanl -'J iiiiloH. Mlili li.iiiinl liiinv," III I'.l rallioMis ln-twiM'ii tin' IIcuIh S.'-ir^-' W., (li»tanl 1^ iiiili'H. I'liiiit liniiila l.inlil-lioiisc and Sinn N. Itll \V'.,iliMtaiit •,•!, iiiilrs. MiliK'.iiUs N. i K., ilislaiit 1 mil.'. l,iiin' I '.lint l'ii^-\vlii-.lli' N. Ill r... ilislant :ili iniN'N. Ill I'arly Spaiiisii iliarts this point \v:is fallcil I'linta th'l An^jfl tU' hi (liiarthi, n name lirst ipi vdl to riiiar I'oint. In moie ri'fent tliaiN it is nanietl I'unta tie los Lobos. rolNT MON'r.TA. This is the " Ntirthern [li'Uil " of the t'ntranei' to San Fraii('ist'i> Hiiy. It is the southwest ; iiih;. .1 i'\li('iiiit.v of the TaiMalpais !*i'!iinsiila. Thi' outtT jioint is a black, sliaip. narrow, prt'cip- i'.iii-. n)i'U\ I'lilV, one liiiniiicil I'l't't aboxc thr si'a, irrt'^iuiaris inf the Undeo Lau'iina, wiiilsi towartls ill (l.Jden (late it rises in^dicr in irre;,'iiiar rounding summits. \\ hen sfiMi from the oiitfr jtart of tlif bar it is projected against tiic iii;,'hi'r land risin;; from r.'iiit Diablo, antl only distin;;iiishable l)y the Ia;;htlionse, bnildiM;,'s, etc. I''rom tht! itorthwcst- i.iiil It shows as a point with three heads, of which the sonlhcriiiiinst has Itcen cut ilown to form !!■ tniiiitbition for the new lii^hl lidiise. Hiiriii;; the dry S"asiiii the deposit ol sea birds accnmu- ih'N III such tpiantilies on the outer cd;.je of the elilfs as to malic the steep \',\{t' show while; but M' in--l heavy lain carries it olV, and then ihi(ni;;h the rainy season llie juiint exhibits its natural n.ii I . 'lor and appeaianee. liic n.inou riil^i' tormiii;; the extremity of the point has two ;iriiis witli precipitmis faces ,sea- i.lhl .illll e;istward. \ \i>sel ciilerini; the (bilden (iaie in the early moinin;;' will sec Ihc \er,\ Idack wi'slern fact's 1 ii.i- liiree bold clitfs (if r.incl.i ran;_'cd ipiartciiui; ulicn be.iiiii;; north b\ west iN. I>\ W.). The h'^t !i>l,liit one stands out I'aithcst. I'lnm the top ot' tlic sc.iwanl tice the sin t'.ue of e.urh falls ,111 i,l;. til the east w, lid. so t Ii. it tile crest line appe.ir.iiicc isslrikilij;. On the mi'ldle and liiy:lifst 111 1^ Ihc old liyjlit house tower, showiii^j \ liile. Mcliind them, .I'ooiit I '.mi miles dislaiit, is a lii;;li iiiiiiiliiiu' hill of one thousand feel elcvalioii, with the ilcep v.dlcy of llie Kodeo Lajioon belv.-eeii \ppai'eiill.\ tioin the face i if the iiortlisvcsiein clitf ,i nearly hori/nntal table of rock, half - : .„ .i> the clitf. piojects well out with a broken finni, onlsule of which is anuilici' mudcratcly iXh. ilal, ii'ck> projeciiiin with black base and v.liile tup. riii> rocky piojeci imi lies li\ e ei;;litlis ■I a iiiile iiurthwesl frmii the nc'..' I.i;;hl house, in this imsition the present i.iuht liciiisc will be iMilii ihc inner slope of the soulheastein clilV and less than half as hi;;li ,ibo\c iiie water. .\s ■lie Vessel ciiiiii's beluecMi the llc.id> t he l',iee> nl I he dilfs come vci\ neail.x in line; the licw la;;ht- . wi lis level bench sliow> just oiil>idr|lie tiirllic>t elilf. and the while tnjipcd pro|celiiii; rock • .iiis to bi' shut in by it. In ilii' afternoon, with the siin shiiiin;^ on the western fices of the clitVs, they arc ciHii|iar.i 1' .Mi^pnnous except from eeilain directions. ' .lie III! known daiijicis tar uO (his pi nut, the line nf ihrec fathoms rarcl\ ex tend in;; two fi .iiid tift.N yards fnuii any pari of it; bm some dclaclicd roeks are seen wiilnn this line. ' 1' I'll increases ra|iidly, and from live in m\ tathoms can b,' tbnnd mi all >.idcs i>| the point. iSiil till' chart show s a sunken ri« k m i he lioiiela < liaiiiiel one ci^^hih ol ,i milr broad oil the wi sicrii • ' -oiiihwest half south (SW. ] .S.) ibiir huiidreil and sixtv \aids fi,im the old Huh: iioii-i. lias deep w.iler all around it and is rcportctl \isible in liie hollow of the sw.'ll at the ilie clipper ship Xifii /•'/•((((•(Mil w,is lost on this head, wi' are told that slic lirst siiuek ' !ilVin>iilc the head was earned by the currents around the point, and then slraiulcd ■mIc. The reef, or line of sunken rocks, rcpiesi'iitcd a-< stretchinjj out Ihrec ipi.irlcis of • Ki iMiivnl liy l.if;lit I,iMi~f I'Hianl in Siiilrinlnr. 1--I. M M Ikl I#CA4 I mn 171 rAciKR' loA.sr nmr. a mill' iipnii sonic cliarls,* lias iiii fvistciu'c anil oiilv srrvi's to niislraii those iina<'i|iniinlril till' loralilv. I'oiN I iKi.M'.TA i,n;ii r imi sk Till' iilil liu'lil liiiiisi', wliifli was si\ lininiird \aril> nm lliwi'st uanl Irniii I hi' cxtri'iiiil \ ni v- piiiiil on till' tliiid hiMil, iml alMnii thii'i' hnndii'il Ici'l aliovo llii' si'a, has hi'cn ahainloni'il, ,iii.| i iiiir l.iiihl 'must, wliiili will iikmi' lii(|iiintl\ show holow tho iiinlrr sni I'ai rinan\ ul'thi In;;^. hiv liri'll lilllll t«ii hllllilicd Iri'l IdWi'I and IMMl' llii' .--(lUlhwi'sl cNtlrinilV lit' till' |iiiinl. 'I'lh' old III '. ; has lii'in jursrrx I'd and is |iaiiili'il « hili' to si'i \ c a-, a ilay liiMron. Tl ■rrst of thi' SOI ithwi'st (Alii'iiiitN of I'oinI Muni'la has lici'ii cut down to ;l\ r MM 1,'n sutrnii'iii lor ihf in w la^ht hoiisi' hiiildiiiL', and tho sonthoasi arm has also Ihtii cut di comiiiodatc the slcain I'o'j ■i\iX[i:\ lionso. 'i'lic li;;lit house linildiii;: is a low, si|iiari' I iril-k Imirl, liaiiitcd white, risin;r I'm in ilie cnitcr ot' the one >ior\ dwelling:. The i ircnlar l>alii>lrade anil il. ' . are jiainlcd red. I'loiii siawan! ii is seen |iiojecfcd ayainst the dark. hi;;h hilN liclniid ii..i!iil in elear weather it is a moderately plain nhjeet; the old tower is, however, a niueli lieiiiiil.u lijeet. Olljl The illnniinatin;.' apparatus is of the seeoiid older of the system of I'lesnel. was tiis( e\liiliiUi| III its new |iii>iiion I'elniary. 1"«77. and shows d rirnl ichitr liiihl •'••: lu sunset to siinii> Tl le limits III till' ail if \isiliilil\ are froi tln'est li\ ue>l half west NW. Ii\ \\ . W . e hilidreil uiid tweiitv four feet ai>o\e the sea. so that the Ia;;lit should In round by the smith and east, to noiihea>l liy east half easi (Ni',. li\ \'.. .\ \'..). The base of the tower is one hiindred and three feet alio\e the mean le\i 1 of the sea. ami t'oeal [ilaiie is on ta\ oralile eonditioiis if the atmosphere from a liei;iht of — In IV. t ,ll :l ill^latlir (if tfi. 1 llllir' v.'ii (ill :il a ili>l.iTii 1- (if IT.'.t imirt :!ll It'it al a (li-lancc (if. lid 1(1 1 al a (li-!aiii !■ dl I'.i. 1 inilrs. ■Jl.T iiiili?». 'I'he j;eo;;raphieal ]iosiliiin nl (lie I,i;;ht. as determined by the Toast and Cieodetie Siiive; l.alitinli' 1- .M Tim III I l.iilitjilililn I-V.' ill 17 < tr, 111 tniif te hT I The iiiaj;iirlie vaiialion wa-- Ut ,'!t east .laniiaiy 1. issri, with a vearly ineiease ol n , The t( liiiildiii'' is distant I loin the 1 J l' hi Imnse ninel \ \ aids in a noil heastei h di the l.i;;hl the bearin;is and dlst.iiiees to pinininenl iilijeels are as tollov 1 iii\l.iii> l;. it llim I'liiiit Ki'\i'» l.iyliili'iiis I'.' falhimis. .\. -7 \V null' \V. -.'.".J iiijlc Niiiiiiilii\ l;iM k mill llieiy S 7ii W. '.".i; iihIin. S. .'.1. W. 'Jiti nuli-s. SiMitliiMKt Kara Hull l.i);litlum^r I'linil .""aN I'liliii ,s I- I., lli mill I'liiiii Miiiilai 1 I'lin « liislli- !< I- 1. lli] null' i null' Itiiiis Ni lalliHIiiH, nil rast I'liil I'f Kmii fnllinlii llaiik lliiii> Nil I. Ill li^ rallimim. nil wi'st i ml (i| I'lMii latliiiin Malik \\ lii-llili;; Hilii\, iiiit^iilc ilii' liai III I'l t.illiiiiiiN lii^iili- Hal llii(i\ . Ill '.If talliiiiii>. Miil-i liiiiiiiil Itiiin,! liilwi'iMi ll. Ili'iiils .s a.. I. S. II. U .S. til, W. I, null' S. i;. \V. ti. mile .s, .;i \V. 'Ji null' mile rmllt lll.llilii. linrlll Mill' li K. --'i liuli- s. ;i:i i:. -Ji iiiili'^ I'Oli SIi.N \l. Al I'uINI IIIINKIA. 'I'lii' house eoiilainili'j the t'l 'i;^iial 1,-. a w lute linildili;; i III the.-iiiillieasleni aim ol llic i AtieruH.V if I'oint lloneta, heir I he Mil laee of the loek has been en I din\ II to niliel\ m'Mii In M'a. 'I'he biuldin;; is iiiiiet.\ ,\ards northeast wardl\ from the laiihtdionse. ■ Si'i' ili'M'ri|ilii>n of San hVain I'-in \\>\ ami »)>|>niarlii^, p i:;i^ I7ii ITI I l/ioi AniHimii Till' iilrMi'iil inrnarM- (if Ilii- varialinn i» 11 .it illiiiiiall.\. Imi JM (li'rri'a'-in^, ilnl lln- la^liTii \ .0 i.itinn « ill ill, mills iiiiMiiiiiiii liiiiil nf l,'i ill! uliiiill tllii )i'ar l-iii lirHlli III ■•liiH 1> ill I iiiiM'. ! Itriiinvi'il li.v iriiicinm (if ilii' layliilinii^c Mii.ml. .Si'iitciiilicr, Isrtt. I'lie appai Mill! Iiiu I rnin III!' / ,f.v/,v are / I lie fou ,M; li,ll'. .;iiil exi'ii III |ia.ssiiii; liiilir'a ell. nine iiii'ii!. Il lias I Lime I'liinl si;; up Willi I'oinI I'lir I lie 111 Hie lo-'-n It 11,1-; iliseonl III T'liiii lilllll lliillr'.l, ll\ li'illL,' till' iilil I'liarls liM' a lii>liii|(s' e, till' West ward. lilllll I'oint ijiLirti'i's of a III iliiAi' «,iler, u II I'l'i'iii till' lii-h, ;lif iiniili for a tl <:iilil lieaell baek .'Milliil I'l'liiiid th •■■;iic I'nii. Th .•!.ll'^. \ I'^M'ls ;||'e SI 'H .Oiilil liein-' fill i''|'.l.'>.llii .lllrhora; ■iili'ril) nil I he be •«'i'll ,M'!Iiii'4 in I I'lli'ilelilJi nf u';iti !'"il I'l'Mil. deereii illil I'lii'liN. 1 iii'M' I uo sin '■ii'liiiillieiii Seal ili.Nnf 111,. ,,||||.i '*^\':- ^\'.) tMiin t "llii >iiiiii, iif I'm ■'"■' I'nnil. Thl'.V ' I \ essels '■!i''ib.«.iiil of t riii'M' riii'ks ai '*'■ 'l'lie\ Mie |e| ■^'r^Hil'illli.il^ exi;; "■'"'•'•Il thi'Mi. "l"' i'\. lilllll. Ill "' ' ' \ feel I in Is fn ■"' ■'"■'! ^ nek, and ■';''' Mill',,., I ,.,„.|. ij, '''luclniinlred \;ii rAcii'K! ('i>.\sr ni.oT. <> riic ;i|)|i;ii;iliis i-; :i stciiin In;,' s\ iimi dl' tlii> lirsl class (with (Iiiplicillc in tMsc of acciilciits), Miiiiiliii^ liiini|M'i l)la>is (liiiMi;;- thick aii;y wcallici', iii^ht or il,\\ .1 riri/ llilrlyninr sviaiuis; \\{{- I'lsln arc /'(>»(■ sicniiils hiiKj ami the in' rrnl.s titirtij firr siinnds. The ro;isi;:iial at I'liiiit r.oiicta is ti(iiiiciitl\ licarti distinctly at tlic wliistlinj; biKiy oil" the |i,ir. iih! in in as I'ai' ilnwii as I'mnt San rcilm. in passin;;' aniiinil I'lniii llnncta, w itl'.ln three iir liinr hiinilreil \ arils, In ;^o out tliri)ii;;'li the I'liiM' I I'haiiiiel III a niriii. It has no • ijini' I'liint si;,Mial thick to;.', we Mill ii CI I thai the signal cmnes sharp ami slirill like a iceil inst 1 ii. ■;iss" at'lei' il. Tiiis characteristic ililleis wIidIIn t'luin the mariiiir lilast iil' the III citiiiiii;: in tVoin the seawaid we hear the lame I'uiiit si;;nal hel'ure lieili'' iiji u 1: il rniiil liiiiicta. jiir the lieai iii;;s 1)1 priMiiiiient tihjects see ilescript ion of the I'.iuieta F,i;;htlioiise,) i lie ti>;;-;,'nii at I'oint I'loneta was ili>coiitiiiini| Maich IS, I,S,">S: 1 lie to;; hell « hich ilisplaccil It «.is iliscoiitiniicil Ma, 'J'.', |s7J. wlieii ihc steam I'oi^horn was ailopleil. I''>iiil I'toneta is callcil I'liiita lloiieioon old l'hi;;lish chart >: I'liiita lloiieta, li.v Kceclicv; I'linta r.uiir'.i, liy i;iii,i;;ri'ld, 1S,")1, and I'oint lloniia on the present I'.S. ("oast Siii\c\ charts, Imt on liii- iilij iliaits I'oint I'.oneta. The mure jirolialile dcsi;,qiation is Itoneie, hein;;' t he Spanish word !..ia l'i>hops' cap; lor the point presented the appeaianct> of three such heads when seen from ilii; west ward. iiti'. siMiii siiiii;i:s ni' riii; uni.urN (Iatio. I 1 MM Point Lolios the ;:eiier.il tiemi ot' the shore is in a line towards Fort I'oint for three i|ii.iiiiis 111' a mile to a short, Jiiltiii;:, lii;,'li poini, immediately under which lie iinmeroiis rocks ;iIiiiM' Nt. tier, with the Mile ifocks onethird of a mile otV it. I'mmthis inner point ( Mile l.'ock I'lii'iiilie hi;;h, rocky shore runs wellio ilie easiward tor 11 mile, and then ;;raiiiially tieiiils to ';iii.'i:h I'or a mile and a halt' to I'o'i I'oini. In the deepest pai't of tliis lieiid there is a Ion;; - hi i'c.irh backed li\ small hillocks risiiii,' I'roiii I he i^eiicral snil'.irc and slo| !' the hills. 'I'lie III! iM'hind the .slioic to I'oii I'oint li iieaih I'oiir hundred Icet elevai ion and 1 in-n decline: ;lii' I'oi't. The crest line towards the point is siirinminlcd lt\ ;i chain of earthworks with heavy \ iv>els are sometimes com|ieIIed to anchor in tlieliii,dit hetweeii I'oint liolios and Fort I'oint i| liei !);.;■ cai I ied oil I he Mile Kocks w hen t he w ind ;;iNes 01,1 on I lie eld tide, lint it is not ichoia;,'!' and dilliciill to iiel niider way lioni. When the w iiid spriii;;s up it lih ,i>.iii; .11 nlU on t lie head and w hen tlie current is not riinnin ;; stion;; elili then' is always coiisidci.ililc ill Mlliiiu III there. Vessels should not anchor thciccxce|)| in cases of ai'solnte necessity. :i' ilr|, 111 III' water III this lii^ht is leu to thirteen tathomson the line lictwecii I'oint I.ohos and It l'"iiit, decicasin;; to four fathoms two liundrcd and lifty yards oiV the lieacli ; liottoin s.mdy t V nil'. Mii.i; i;u('K.'<. flii'se two sinall II •ks lie live sixths of a mile north ei;,'ht ile;;rees cast (X. S I!.) t'rom ■iMiiilierii Seal liock oil' the w olcrii 1 Mi'caiit V of i'oiiii I. olios; and . I short ilisiaiici> w iihin the '( the entrance to I he ( i olden ( 1 He. I'hey lie |ii>t one third of a mile iiorlhw est half w est W. ; W, liiiiii t he sliai p, Jill Iinu point, n lie hiliidred and >i\ly feet hi^;h, tiisl inside and 011 the all shiiie ■■! Tollil ill .nl, .llel \er\ licaih IwoiiiiIcsmi llthw est half sou Ih (S\V. \ >.) I ) liom It I'l'iiil. rill \ bear almost sonlhe.ist iSI!.ioae and I wothirds mill s 110111 I'mut r.oiieia l.i^;ht 1 \es>el> riiiinin;; in on the laiiye oi' lull i'oint and Alcalia/ l.i;,dils pass hall' a mile to v.iidof ihe oilier and lari,'ei loik with t weulyt wo fathoms ot' w.iter. llni Turks are alioiit Iwciils lei I .ilMi\elii;;li w .ilcr, .mil ale separated li,\ barely one uiidl'id ''• llii'\ aie lepiMled to liaxe ^uriieieiit W.iter between them In cany ,1 \e>sel ihroiluli if an Tiimiliiuii \ e\ij{eiie> demand'cd such a lisk ; il is asserted that a deep se.i .ship has drilled out twirli Iheiii. rill ev.imiliatioil of the passa;;e inside o| Mile Hock-. ^|sS| i has so far developed ,1 siilikeli '111 «itli ,M\ feel of water upon it l\iu;;sonlli ei;;ht\ si\ de;;li'es east ^S. Sd ' l!.), one liiimllcd .il: liiri\ \ards lioin the < »uiei Mile 1; I'll lis puis 11 oil the r,(ll;.;e Willi the nnrthern pan III ■II' llllll'l' '' liVi'llllliilied \;iids abrc.i-I lit the Mile It and seventy SIX \.irds di-lance . lie sever. il l,ll>;e rocks; Ihe two lai ;;er ones are ;if!l t«l 1 .111(1 Ibiii' 1 \ir- •• IX M'CUII \ni II -how II .si llic lllClll .sl.l . - lit lllc 1 mil -. Til.' I.I \,\ 1 1 cMlciii lir:i: iii: .soill li\ Tlir ;,'C();;r VI •) -. ; l.lllll l.nl.o •M. ii Tiir iiim;ih riic Sum III I'lOlll I'd.'l Nnllll WIliH! .•^.illtll I'ollil I.IMI.. Mr.it, illllrk \.il,a Till- ll'iM |V;l IHII li.-Inu Ihi- |l. "I till- .--.Mllr li.isl I III' lii-ll \lcl;,'||,s "I il:i>. IS .sinick S'llllfllllUVS "Illy \\\h-u .'I M- .liilc.lNl ul' It. «iiiilly ii|iiiii 111! Ill |i:i.-.MIl;; «!' Wclr ,|lirc;|st 'III' I'l-f -liiiKc. !•■'! I'ni,,/.. '•"II --iMI 1iIUp\ 11 Iili> lpllll\ 'll'llll ilnl u nil I'll'' lllKlV ||. ^I.\.\.|h|. t|,,||, 'l"'ii' ■'> ill nihil ll iM'llill Im 'lii'i'!.i.,.|i|.,.,.„, .''■'•■ll .1 lli lll-,.;^, I' -"111^; III '111' i.i \ liii,. ,,( .iliii\,'. I'"ii I'l.inl '•'"'■'I I'iMll.l liil '^ I'liiic sa ''"■''" li.lMlvUli 1 71.' 1 1 I'ACIl'lC COAST IMI.OT. 177 I lour lil'lhs sccdiids, (liiikiu'ss cIcNcii sccuiiils, red tliiJili two iiiiil t'oiirliftlis st'coiids, diiik- \ si'coiid.s, mid ilu'ii ilic wliiic li;,'lit ol' lift \- live .seconds, ctr. This rliiiractt-ri.stic Liylit has IVUI .III ,„..< .1 III I'll -llOU II MIICl' M;l\ 1, IS7 I lie local plane 111' I he l,l;:lit is ri^^lii.vllirci' feet aliovc the level of the sea, and diiiiii;,' rav()rai)lo >t,iii-^ 111 I he al iiios|iheie ii imii lie seen lioiii all elexatioii of lilteeii tccl at a distaiiec, of lU'tceii iiiilr-. The la;;lit .show .. I liiiiii;;li t he \\ hole hoii/on, lull the i ,inj,'e of \ isiliilitv seaward is hounded li\ iir eMieiiiilv ol' Point Hoiirta, Keaiin;; west three (|iiaileis smith (W . ,' S.), and i'oint Loi)os, 111 ill sl: southwest li.v south one-i;uarler soiilli (SW. h.\ S. | S.). I III' ^'eo;;ra|ihii al jiositioii, a.' deteiinlned by the tiianj;iilation of tlu^ Coast and (Jeodetic! Hiir- i: l..llllllll>' :iT ' 1.- liollll I. Illllll' III 111 I mil' -'■ {!'.>•" .-.im;. S I iir ma;.'iietie vaiiatioii, .laniiarv, 1.SS5, was Hi .11' east, and iiiereasin^j o'.l aiinuail.v. I III' .Soiiilieast faiallon I,i;,dit is jii.st visilile from a vessel's de(tk when ahr<'as| of I'ort I'oint. 1 mill l-'oi I I'oint I-i;;ht we ha\e the followin;; li('arin),'s and distances to proinineiit oliJL'cts : N.i.'ll iwcsl Si'ii I l; irl,. olV I',, lilt I.iiIm \Vlii-llili„' lliiiiy, i.llllii' S.lllllll•.■l^l I'iir.'illiiM Lit; I'liilit lliilirlil l.l^lll'lliil I I'liiiil t'li^ ^vlll^lll Alr.ilr.i/ Nhiiiil l.i^lit li lU.ii k I'liiiil '. \i'rli;i liiirli:i Ishiiiil l.i^ .><. :ill W, . It II' 111 i:. r.lllli ^ -, 1 \\ llt-lll \\ ,s -, 1 \\ ' . . - iiuse N, W 1' .\. 7i'. 1.1 1' ■lil-ll illsr . N. i: ■J- inilrH. Ill lllili'H. ■-'."i* lllilrs. •,'i Mlili'M. .'.'; illili'H. '•k mill'.'!. i I' (1(1 liKI.l. AT I'-dUT I'liINT. riir iron iVaiiir Work sii]i|.iiit iiii; the lirll is on the west lace of the inirthwest Inistioil of tlio il liclinv the parapet. The iii,ichiiiei'.\ for ti'ippinvr the hainiiier of the hell is on t he south fac^o : llii .-.line liastioii. The liase ol tlie liell is lo|l\ and a half feel almse the me. Ill level of the sea. Ilii'!ii'll «eii;hs line tlioiisaiid and iiiiictv two pounds, and diiriiii; lo.L;;;y nr thick vwiilher, ni^'ht I ila\ , is struck li\ iii.ichinery. uiviiiu lilou s al interv als of ten seconds. It all with wcstcrl.N winds; at otli.u' times it is heard null it m.i\ .siiiind liiiiills when S..iiietimes this hell can not lie li i\ y lien a \ cssei is close iipiin t he I'mi I'oint Leil'^c r>iiii\ . all ho iiM'.isliif It. ."since the estalillshmelit ol the lame I'oint I'oji v\ histlc vessels dcpeiid almost Uiiiilv upon the whistle, and ;;eiiei.ill,\ keep iiiolt' on that side. In pa.sMii;' out llnonuli the (iuliliii (i.ile in a thick fo;; »c could nut lic.ir the fii;,'l)ell until M' \w':i' .tlireast of it ; and then it did imt sound clcir, lull as if the liammci' I'cll on ilie hell after :» iit^i St n ike. /'i'<7 I'liiiil. — .V iiiniiimolli )(hh/ii'l ill iliici'l lull iil' llic iioi I li sliiiii' iVini ruiiil I '1(1111 'I :i li> l.iliii' I'liilil Is ikmIIumsI I>\ imiil, liair iiiMlh N 1;. I',\ N. ] N.!. Iwu ;iiiil ,1 liiilf miles. I'liiiil I'.iiiiitii. — Tills pciliil mill ilic lijijii ,ini| to^ siren Iuim' been I'iiIIn descrllieil dii |i.ijt>!;i ami li I'nlN r IH Mll.c. This |)iiiiit w liiiii Ilie >■ lle:iils" lies nmiliiMst |i\ east Iwii thirds rast (NI'.. liv !■:. i; illlil a h.lir llllle> Ironi I'tilllt r>iiiiell. Ilislilenl' ruiiil i'limeta llie liluh nx'l.v shore ret reals iMiiii than li.iira iiiiie in ihe iimlhuaul ainl then inns ihmiIn ea>t ialil(>. '\'\ IW {rllllll Is a \ ei,\ iiai imw ami |>iei'i|nl<>iis jir.iillaml I u m liiiniji'eil ami li'iir he! hl;;h, ami slamjs mil mii' el.uhlh i>r a mile s({iiare inlo the ( HiMeli dale, with ilee|> walei nil Its three siiles. 'Ihe niiliiiie n|' |||(> litdnl Is alimisi le\ el lor a ill>Iaiiee uf t «<> iiiimiicil ami sl\t\ \ anls t'luin the extreme |iiiiiii, Imt h lias two slight liolclies III it. The iHller uiie Is si\Iy I'eel lielnw I he le\ el u|r of 1 his is a soinew hal lirokell line to 1 lie seeoml mil eh « hieli is aloiil toil V 01 IH'l \ leet dee p. Tjnn Ihe hr^'li. narmw. ;^rass\ ild;:e rises 1:1 pic liv In liv i' heads lo the mn ihwaid. ami In one in He iv.n htv II I lie lllindreil and sl\t\ feel ele\ alinll. There |N a n.il low >.iml lie lei I norl h of the head ami I'Mi iiii ili;; one (|narli'r ol a mile toli a-tuard 111' Ihe mcK. The old runiela Ll-iit I ouer III laliL;e mlli tile i\Iieiiie iHiiiil of I'oiiil jliaiiio is tlie iiael» lanuc lor crossin;; liie I'lesldio Slioai ill llie lic>; uaier. The inn en Is inn u ilh \ loieiiee and irreuniarit \ past I'liinl I haido, and a \essei rlo.M' iindei lii ■ and tile oi her hi;rii priijeei in;; points iiiav lo>e tlie « ind u lien It is I in ill ill sn miner. In the \ ielniiy it I'mnl Diaido tlie laee ol' the eiill's is of a redili-.li purple eoior. Tiie liH k 1- veiy hard and llini\ : it Is travei.-ed li.v seams ol'ipiartx, and lias a lianded or iielied ^11 inline. -1. that il leseinliles \ ariell.'s lit' jasper. 1 1 exiiiliils 11 ^ sir.i iiiied eiiai .nler mo>t disliiieli\ . Tlie ii'i species tiinnd on I iie inner side of tiie ii.ir are pi ol 1,1 lily den Mil Im in I lie ili-.|nIeL;i,iI imi nl iIu'm n il dish elill'>. I'lolii rollit I'lalilo we have ihe loilowin;; lieailll;;s and dlslanees lo pliiinilienl iilijee: I'Miiit lliiiii'tj l.it;lil , S. (•..", \V, S. 1 w Niiiili .- ".'J iiiilf* 1;. l,'„ lllll^'^ I-iiiH' I'liiiit rej;-« !ii>tl ' N :.l 1; Alcalra/ Ivliiml l.iylit N. f.' !■; , mill', mill- I'li-iiliii Sill mI 1! Ill i\ r.lirliii l.i;;lil (jirnali lull lrlr:;ra|ili lli 1: N. Mi 1:. M mill- lliiiirlii Ciirf. — Tins Is the ism, ill lil;,dit inside the '• III ads " liet ween i'oiiit Monet. 1 .iinl I'nii DiaMo. linl tlie ii.iine is ueiier.illv le-trieied to the amlioi.ii;e li (ise under the easieiii >iiii|i'i'' I'niiil I'.iiiiet.i. riiiie IS a deplii of lliree tallioin-> rroin mie liiimlied lo t v\ o Inimlinl .imi i.in yards troiii tiiC --hore, very j,'iai|ii.illy Ineie.isin^ to ei;;hi and ten lailioms tou aids Point I ' 1 le : Imi a ii.ik with only seven I ecu leet of water upon il has lieen loiind aluiiii live Inindied and 1:1 \ 1 nii^ iioiiii iiiirtlieast (XNIC.) 110111 the steam hv:.; ■.lien. (In Ihe line rioiii t he I.il;1i! hmi-e In ilie iiirk ol' I'oint ! )laiilo tile depth raiiu'i's tlom iIl^IiI to foiii leeil III lionis : and liisiile of tiie I: 111' if H li'S" A I'liod aiiilioi.i:_'e ill seve-i and iiaif r.iliioin-- e.iii ill' ll.ld on (lie r, ll' till' II Aleatia/. Is'and Just shut in liehlml I'mnl Di.iMo, and Ihe « )eean Side lloiise on tin- iiiiiei nli;!' m (he Seal l.'oeKs olV Point Lolios. Pilots lepoll l\ ilii; In I Ills eo\ e. elose lllider the lie.lrli. In ,|V\ .sollllie.isl ueatlier. '{'here Is 110 mooi III u linii\ lieleeVeepI a sina 11 iilie lin media lei \ 1 'I' ' piaHoini tor the l.ii^hl liiiii-.e, and this is used to in.iio- lasi to when liie sea is ^o mi ■' ''■ Ileeessaiy lo keep liie lioat oil I' • loeks. Tiie San I'raneweo piioi hoais lee I iii> eov" for amiiiii,i;;e, and eoastin^ sehoonei ' '''''' when wailing tor a uiinl. At several pl.iees in the lii^iil there is a sliorl, ii.ii row sin ■ . ■ s'"'! lieaeh at low water at the fnot (if the ciiirs. This aiieiiorai,' e led I i'.lilileil Willie. Tl ■. hhists of tl II Km, Siiiiie siiipiiia'- ■l"ii' lliey lose th '•'111- iiNlaiiee the '•"' !v^. Tins peen 111 I'.issni-' Mil 'ill ni.ir. and imi • ll '111' lliilietil ,si S?! 1 I, imi; I'lilNT. I'mm Pol II I Mialilo to I, line PoinI liie slime line eon tin iies neaiiv in I lie .same ;,'eiii 1 •' .I'Ii-iIh'Ii from I'oint I '.oiiela, imi I lie shore lie holder and more prei'ipiioii- and tile illdell' 'tein 1 01 L oil Lime Poi lit I lie inai iiiu' i-^ ii'H t ii li'! rast (N, ."i| 1'!. , and ll.'e dlstaiire olu^ llilie. II. ill w.iv iielweeii the Iwo|ii(lllls 11 I '1 I'Arillc CdAsr I'll-nr, 171) 1/ t |,i\v. lilt picci- of liiiil, now Cniiili'il l>y :i water liattiT.N of Iiisivy ;,'iiiis, alircasl of wliicli tlic throe- l.illiii'ii cium' iJlli |Im> iiiiiiu>(liat<> f'ari> blasted away pre|iarati>rv to pur- iiiHi's .pI' ili'leiise; tile lieiu'lit flireclly Weliiinl it rises li> fiiiir liiiiiilretl anil ei^jlity feet. Two rneks liocle-e iiiiJer its siiillieni I'aee within the thi'ee- latlioiii curve, liiit lliey are now coniieeleil with i|ii'|ii.:it hy tlie loose roeks thrown down by tlie l)lastiii;;' opeialmim. The easliMii Caeo of the |iiiiiil inns noflhiioi ihwe- 1 (NXW.) I'or half a mile to Horseshoe t'oNe. l'"oiir hiimlreil ami lii'li, \ mis t'iMiii I lie p. lint 111 t his si ret I'll are .some hi^h roeks (-loso ashore ealleil " Tiie Needles," • r'li' I ip of one of llii'Ni' I'lMiii eert.im diieetioiis re>emliles a man'.-, head. There is deep water ,',isi- .'iiKide ol' (hem. T .' 11,11 lowest put of the (ioMeii (l.ite lies lie! Ween I.illle Point and I'ol I I'oint. whieli bears .mill nveii tv d e;rrees ea ■ I (S. 'Jii i;.), distant se\cnei''lilhs of a mile, Tl le ciiiTi It Is set liv 1 V I. line ['■lint \ery slron;ily ami very irre;;iil.irly, ,is the eMi waters passiii;,' out of the northern part of ^m I'liliejseo I'l.is tlii'on^h K,ieeooii Strait here ,s|ni;rjri,. \v jth t lie ehl) waters emiiin;;' from the viiiilii'i n part of t he li.i\ . I'm; SIliN Ai. Al' I.IMl', t'nlNT. >a,i III |ss.! a ste.iin I'ol,' si:;nal w,is loe iied on wliat w,is t'ormerly the eastern and most ])roi(>(;tin;; uiii (ilf I, line I'oint. This roik is alont foiiy feet wide and two hiindieil and t" eiity-livo feel iiii;;. a'ld w,is over folly feet hi;;li. but the snnimil has been blasted down to a h(i;;ht of twenty lit. Till' l'ii;C siLTiial hoii^e IS a onestoiy bi'iek ,stl'iletiire on tlie soiilherii evtremity of the rock, ■,<;liti'iii lii't aboNC liif,'li water m.irk. 'I'lie kee|iei'sdwellinL;, also a biiek striietiiie, t wo stories in ii'iu'lit, i>eieeled iiilliiediately lieliiiid it. twenty feet above hiL,'liwater liiaili. Itotli biiildiii;,'S are ,i;iiiiteil wliite. The apparatus is a I welve inch steamw histle, of which the eharacteiistit! signal ,>, fii'd.vf.v i>\' till sfroiiils iritli iittrrral.s iif thirli/ stroiids, .s. 1,111- sliipinaslers report that there are ceitiiii ])ositions in liie approach to the ( lolden (!ate \«lii-H' tlicy lose the sound of this fo^t whistle ; notably about the vicinity of the .Mile K'ocks, and Mine (list, nice thence to I-'oil Point. It is heard, liowe\ er, well to the .southward ot' Ihi' Sual ■fl us pceiiliari IV h IS not been Vclillci 111 ii.issiiii; this piiuit to seaward in thick weather we noticed that the si;,'iial was maikedly a I !!. and not sharp ami reed like as we hear the Itoneta Ni;;iial when close to it. \\ e did not : ' ;> bnlicia si;:iial liiilil \\ e wric past l.iiiie I'oint. I 1 ^ri>;;rapliical po>ition of lame I'oint l-'o;;- whistle has been determined by the I '. S. Coast , (.rnih'tic Survev as follows: t..iMtlliii' . l.uUllilllllr i|. III time r,' 'Ji'i iiiprlli, •J- \.i west. e'.i"' .'il'.'.P. M i,iirlic v.iriation, .laniiars, H-^" Itl •il' east, and incri'asiii'' (i'..i aniuialh. Iiicctions Ibr passing; thion;^h ilie (iolden (iate and the peculiarities of the lame i'oint ic Sailing Directions. Lime, i'oint Fog whistle we lia\e the following bearings and distances: I' mil Dialil.i . I \\ Kim k. «\\ I'lMMl .-J. t - W lll.S,' ,s; '.,' ' i:. V .... .< T i; til lliillst'. N , 7 ; 1-;. ii.ii.-r (iiiirlli) Seal l'>'tl I'.iiiit l.i;,'!il III I'li-iilio Slinal ltiio,\ A.ialia/. Islaiiil l.i;; Siilia liiHM.'i l,-laiii| Ui^lil liiiiisi- l,l'i liir l.i(;lil (inivali-i mi 'I'l-li-Klaiili Mill I'liiiil ('a\allinni.l 111.- W.st piiiiit .Vii^il Mainl in i^ 1 mill'. .1} mill's. 1 mill'. I ii iiiilrH. '.', Iiiilrs. ."■i iiiili'M. ,>s, -.■, i;. :;( mii,-s. .N. Mil I'.. I anil '.'. mil.'S. N. si; K hiiiic I'oint was kiiiiu II on tin. ,,ld Spanish maps as I'liiita ile .Santiago. I'.eeciiey named it in ''miihI .ipph.'d till' name I, line i'oint PliilV to the high, sli.ii | omt one iiiiai'icr ol a mile west lit.' I'lMiiicr. It was ii.uiied Lime i; !' I, I', •I, 1.'. i, iiiggold in LS.'>0. tin: .sii()i;i:.s ami t i. \: IN lIli; liAV ol'' ,SAN IKANCISCii. \V| It'll a M'ssi I li;is passed ill belui'ii l".''i i'oint and ijime I'oint she is eoiisidcrcd t' I lie l.illh '1 till' l;,iy of S.iii l''rancisco; ami ! m ilo.'iiiit ion of the shores is contiiiiied as Ibllows : "•III ''.inilh,, — 'i'his comparati\cly low, bill steep, sharp point lies norlli IwciiIn ih grces cast ' I 6^ ^ '% k ^ P it II lii ISO l'A( MIC CdAST I>I|,or. 15a,v of Sim Franciscn within tliti (iolilcii ("latc. It is ciu'litv I'cct mImjvc tlic sea; it piiiiiis \ the soiitli siMitJM'ii.st (S. 8K.), iuiil its eastern sluiif riiiis north, a little o\'t'i' oiieqiiartrr cii to Yellow r.iiitr. "> mis ItctwtH'U Point <'a\alloan||iiii tlistanee, then ii>inj; sharply to the iiioiint.tins behiinl. On the uestei n snle of this cuv . , i im],. over one i|iiarter of a mile nortli l»y west (N. l>y W.) from I.iine I'oint, stand the two shn |i |i.iiiicii rocks calleil " Thi> Needles," already ri'ferred to. They are im)w eonneeted wilhtlie ni.nii.iilliv the di'hris from the Mastini; opi'i'ations on the east side of Lime Point. A depth of three fiilidijisur wat<"r is t'ouiid close outside of them. From Point Cavallo, Kaeeeon Stiait lies hroad open to the north northeast, with .Kn-i i Ubinl on the east ami Peninsula l*oint on the west. The latter bears from Point <'a\ alio north h mi .is; (X. .3 !•',.). and is distant one and se\ en ei;;liths imhs. I'lie liroad and dyi-p nnlenlatinii l\iii:,'i(, the northwestward of Peninsula i'oint is know n as Wirhardson's Il.iy. It is ipiili' shallow, .nm^ only one filhoni at low water half a mile inside of Peninsula Point and Sanrcliio. The elilt cnrients set by Point <"a\allo w ith };ieat force, and are somewhat irre^jiilu mi .i,' count of the dii-eetions of the out rushiii;,' waters I'lmu IJaeeoon Strait and sonili of .\ii-il Islin,!. On recent Spanish charlH Point <'a\al!o, with Vtdlow ISlulV. \' Inch is reall\ a part ni .•. n.is known as the I'unta de ios Cavallos ; and mi the old Spanish charts as the Piinta de ."^.m ( .11 S.s. l"»7')ir /)'/////■ lies six hundred yards imiili from Point Civalio ; it is precipitous and ilii'liill behind It is one hundred and ciu'hty t'eet abnx-e the sea. There is a sunken rock with .s;\ :.ii ni wat»'r upon it close iiihler the I'lilfs about mie hundred and twenty yards e.ist from the imiiJHMs! ern extremity of the point. .V depth of four f.ithoiiis is found two hundred yards oiitsuli' ilii- sunken rock to the I'us* uorlheast, and then the bntimu drops suddenly to twenty lallnKir-. Th. remarks about the ciirreni s nil' Point, < "a\ alio apjily with eipi.il force to this point. 'l"iie name is deiixcd from the appiMiaiiee of the bliilf, which is rc.illy llie ea>lci'; Inr .1' I'oint ( 'avallo. I". ii!h work dcfeiisis are beiii;; coiisiriieted on this point, and tlic i'.iie nl tin- c liil% is partially chaii;,'etl by tht< slopes of e.irtli, etc. SAfCKI.rii' iiiVK. I'loiii Yellow IJIiilf the shore trends northwest b.\ noitli (N\Y. b.\ N.m'Iic and on. ,|ii,irii; miles to llie w iiarvcs 1)1 Sailcelito, Midwa>o|i tli.il lim, lllnlcr the stcipand |iarllail> \>iiiiilril > I lore, is the ]iel Ilia lull t tidal slat ion of I he I, S. ('o,i>t and tieodcl ic Sui\c\ , Se\eli ci::Iii1im'I .1 mile from Yellow iilnlV is the beiiilil'ul lil 1 le co\ e nl S.iiicelito, tli(> jiresciit rciiile/\ miMii tin yacht llcetsof .Sail I'r.lliilsen. and the old ainhoiaye ul' the forei;:il and .\lliel icail ineii o| nu. iiiil the whiliiiu licit. Tud.i.N it isllie lemli /mhis ot' p.ii t a\ . Piodc<'a P.av, and the i;u-.si;in It l''ioiii S.iiicclito WIS imhiii'iK derived the priiicijial water supply of San rrancNio, e>piri;dl> lor tlie shippiii;.:. 'I'l (1 of lllcelilo lies th ■ Itefoi'e lliellt iolU'd I tic ha I'd son's I',.IV. Oil tl Id Spanish charts this cmv e was kiiinMi as the •■ 1". use 11 ad a ibl < onsidai i"i n.imeil .S.iiisallto ( llllle w I low I li\ Meccliev in |S_'(i. On the pleselil cliail s I lie liaiin Sani'eliii 'Ihe dcNcriplioii of It.iceoon Siraitand .\n;;el Island will bei;i\eii I'lirtliei mi aim 1 . 11 mill I I H.l- .l.iiiil in the bay. On tlie*(ii(//i Kill, I,/' till- liiiij the tiist point insidi' of I'orl Point is I'residio Point. /'i/ v((/i() /'l(/ll^— One and one I hii d miles cast of I'urt Point the shore picst ills .1 roiiiidiii}; point iieaily alue.ist of the .\iiii,i itock Spiinlle. Il is a bare sand lieacli ii' bv the Presidio Wharf and oilicr.s, and well marked b\ the Iioiim s and iii'cs 011 n- ■ ' li I''"'- mli'f Slllllll .... !.■». hlokl'li lletwecii this point and I'mt Point, the low slime leiii ats um r a ipiartcr of a mile ~ the line joinin^the two; and between it and PlaiU PmnI, the low slioie falls back I'l about one third of a mile to the mouth of a simuh which drains all the low lands l» imiil iIh' |.iiiiii \ de|i Viii! Itock S Hie cilire iiiiitlnaid of iiiarlvid with i |i;l-i ISd.) I' ■, a ciiriiiii ii|i \.\ I III- surf II 14 \,-t\ Imh . I lie I ami lliii'U II 11)1111 n\"U in ili.iiiirli' .i\:iiii|' 'Il ll.il nil' > tl'I.V illllll'lllt I .iirli'iit IS niiisl: iiinii's .hmI i'IIi'I'o.i |l.|\l II' I II lull 'I'iic shore illlil I'll I led on liiiiil li\ the S /.■;.i.'/, /•(./ mil' iin.iilcr of ;; 1:., iioin I MlUlllUl'-l (\V. sIlllH s lll^t Ills with a s'l-ht d III |iiisiii>iii aid list Mill', used l>iiiii: Iti'liim III ' s.iiid t'rom lllilii:|i_'s \\Ayi\ sIiihhhl; plain tl'j;llls I lie po- iijuiii II. w lids liL'lits iif the e Till' dcpll liV llli' -riillr e ll'l't III I lie We III III'- iM.rlh 111 I'l'illl 1:1.1 lull Aiiili I'li-s All ,■! ■Si. I I v.. .7/, /•„, I'iisli'!! evtrcii i'tlMhl ll\ till ivi'lil : ll\ be O'lA . ■li'lisiM till' >h :■> Imiii 1 1 lies IW null's I isi b\ ii|iii|ii eiii' .s,i '•.^ '■' -' iNW. ijiiaiii I iif a ri sll'.'|i I ,,.,. (,, I •y I iiast .S| m I'Aci nc COAST I'lLor. 181 jMiiii' A iliiilclv aluii;; this |i(iiiit as llicvarr outside or to the iiiii'tliAard of IIm- Aiiiia Unirk. wliicli lies less than three liiiiidreii vards Irotii llie point and is iiiaikid witli ii siiindle. (For deseription ol' Anita l.'ock see Uanp-rs in the I'av of San I'raucisco. |; > a ciilioiiN ami illlcriMlillK I'miI IIi^iI lln'siiiiil ImmiIi lii'twi'rii i'lnr I'uiiit :i:i;,> i iti|i. Wlirii III" liilii iH \ri \ low, till' I'll.i;'' I'l' f Ii'"* pi'al (ni mat lull iiia\ lie mtii. l,ai"L;»' I'la^Mi-^ nt' 1 lir [iral air aUo liinki'ii out iliii in^ slmiiis. mill lliii'nn ii|iiiii IIk' sain I >it I In' Im mli. I'll is saint ami all lln' linisi- i niinl Imiv\ MiI'i. Iimhi ilini- In •i.^lil mhIi'v* ur liiun III illaiiii'tiT, Ii'st ii|ii>ii a rMiimlalliMi M'H ililliriilt to an on II I I'oi llir loiination ol I his swamp iiiiilri lomliiloiis liKi' lliosi ;ii inisriil rMslin^. A siroii}; iianni is ronslaiitly m'tlinu l>ark ami loilli lliioii;;li llif rliaiiml, ami llii' arlioii of i',i' siiil' riiiistanllv nmlrr- mitids ami I'mi'oarlirs ii{ioii tin' lirarli, so that tin- |iirsi'nt aition is ili'^tiiirtiM', ami tlic sv\ani|i coiiM not [lossilily liiivi !>' I'll tniinril » lull' tin' linlilrii tiali \\ as o|N'ii as \vr now timi It . Tlie siioro line is now pintected IVoiii alirasjiin li.v tlie vviiarves; and ii will lie \vlio||\ elianp'd Mini iMiiM'ii out to tile tliiee latlioiii eiirve livliie opt^'at tlioi' I lie State I'.iiard ol' llarlnir < '(iiniiiissioiieis. /.r'.ii'/, I'oiiit or I'liiiit Sun ./ox/ .— This is a stiiall Init bnld and mekv point, staiiiliiig out nearly mil' i|ii,iiler of a mile, and Is iii;; t wo and one third miles iiniih seveiilv seven de;;rees east (X. ',', v.. I linin h'ort Point, one mile smith of Alcali'i/. Island, and three i|ii.ii ters of a mile west- Miiiiliuist (W. S\V.) from Nortli Point. I'^ioiii P.laik Point the summit of Verba ISiiiMiil Islund shows |iis| inside North Point. The point rises ,i little over one hundred feet above the water «illi a sli;;lit depression behind it. Il is covered \vi Ih houses, trees, and shrubbery, and has giiii.s III |iiisiiiiiii around it. A tall tia;,' stall' surmounts the point. There is a small wharf on the north- 1 is| siili'. used only for military purposes, and a road Aay le idino' to it winds round the faeeof the imiii; lii'liiiid this point is a lar;;e area of sand dunes whieli havi^ been formed by the drift of ill • s.iinl I'loiii the western beaeli. I'lider the ea,-lerii part of the point lie several very lar;;e biiek iiiililiiiiis u.sed for factories, in the vicinity of which are loi-ated thr»'e or four low eleetrii; li;;lits >liiit\iiiL' plainly, anil almost ^larinj^ly, from the water. In eomiii}; from .seaward in dark, clear ii'):lils till' position of I'dack Point can be readily m.ide out by the comparative absence of lio;hts ii|Miii It, whilst aliove it, and on either side of it, especially to the eastward, arc seen the brijjht k'llts ol the city. Till' depth of water iiiiinediatcly under the point is four and a ipiarfer fathoms, ocisisioiied li\ Ilir sciiir of the cm rents: but thisdepth is only in a blind channel bi'iMiise it sho.ils to lifleen till In the westward. 'I'he f-encral thiee falhoin curve is three linndreil and twenty live yards til III'' iinrili of till poinl. I'l'iii lilack Point we (;i\'e the following bearinj^s ind distances to itnportaiit objects: .s 7;t . . . . .. S -'.» llltliollsi' N. :i w lull I'.iinl l.iyhtli .Siiila ItiirU S|iinillt' rii'niillo .slmul lino Alraliiu InIiiiiiI l.li; .N. 11 III I 'mil I I wi'hh'iii I'xIii'iiiiH of sia w all i N. Til I'. ilo \V. If iiiilcM. \V. 1, nil' \V. I i', llllli'H. 'i llllll'. \'''ili I'liiiil. — This was formerly ihe norihwcst point ol' Tclcoraiih Mill and formed the north- I'lisii'! i: 1 \tieiiiity of the city of S.iii l'"raiicisco. The present Noitli Point is an artilicial shore, I'lnml ii\ the western c\treinit.\ of the sea wall which is beiii;; Imill aioiind the city, and will iviiii ll\ be connected ilia direct line with lilack Point. Cpoii the present part are erected iii\ iitisive woodi II warehouses for the storaof of freight received frotii, or ;;oin;; into tin; till' >li ;is Imiij; aloii^ the. seawiill. Il two thirds of a niile eastiiortheist ( I'l. N M.) from IJIack Point: three and one-ei;;hlli nulls 1 isi by north one i)narter nortli iV.. b.\ N. \ N.) Iroiii Port Poinl : and one mile southeast "iii'M" liter .south (SK. I S ) frotii southeast point of .Mcatraz Island. It is half a mile northwest ''>''' -' (N\V. by \V.) fiion the siimtiiit ol Tclco;raph Hill, which rises up \e:y sharply at one- '|iiitii" of a mile inside the sea-wall to time hundred and one feet above the water, with very W', i !. ? y I I' iir ft sll'l'l to the northeast. I'oant .SiiiM \ |{r|ii.it fur IWif), p. :t> IWossuni Hock I'liioy. Tlii' ciinviits ai'(> <|iiit(' slrnii;; aiitiind th jMiim Fiiiin Noitli Point, t!if wi's'crn cxIitMnit.v of tln> inrscnt si'awall. \vc liavt- llic rilliiwin.. Iiearin^s aiiil tlistanccs to iniportaMt olijft'ts: Itliuk I'oilil S TO W , iiLilr. AliMtni/ Isliind l.it;lillniii»i' N. lii W li milrs. I(lii>>siiiii l»i)ik liiuij , ill fun I I'll! Ill mis N. •."•.' V. ) iinli'. Viitia Miiiii.i I.ii;lil liciiiM' N. T.i; I! J : iiiilit Tlu'ii' ail' (I)t'('t'nilit'r. ISSI) two spar Imovs placcil oil the wcsli'iri cinl of tlic ,sca wall. Th, \ do not mark danj;iTs, liiu an- iist'd lor hivastiiKorin^is tiy small \«'sscls discliai'tiiiii,' im u i at tilt' w liai I'. TIu' inaiino rcjiortcr tor tlio Mfnliaiits' K\ilian;;i', tlic I'liilcd States leveniic Imarcliii:; nil.r.i, and the <|iiai'aiitint> olliceis of the port, lia\i' their olliees on lie wesieiii <'xtreiiiii\ ni tlir m-.i «,(!! Tildjriii.l Hill has lieeii paitially deseiihed on pa;;e 171. The east shore of ||u' iiijj \\:i. i,,, inei'lv railed (.'lark's Point. The eleetrie iiiihl iipmi a lii;.;h mast on the siimmil of iIh h ;i i> four htindred feet atiove the hay. It shows over the immediate waters and isof t;ii.ii mi-.hi therein. It also shows out to seaward in .several tlirections, liillv deserilieil in the adviii- 1,, \, ,„|. approacUinj; the bar of San Francisco, paj;e L'14. ALCATKAZ ISLAM). This is the llrst island that is opened when a vessel enters the (Jolden (late, aiiil aimii ,; Lave been eonstriietetl extensive fort itli'at ions and a l,i;;lit house. The island is small, moderately high, and because it stands broad in the line of tin' rlijimrl. it is a ea|>ital mark by day ami ni;;ht. It is about six hundred yards long in a west imii!Ii\m>i and ea>t southeast direction, by about two hundred and sixty yanls in breadth, .iini n>i^i.i.iii elevation ol one hundred and thirty-seven feet above the bay. It is surinouiiled li\ .1 nu^'ir of brick biiildin;rs au'l the Li;;lil-ln»use. The surface and outline have been greatly cliaiii:i •! iim the artllicial, steep, sloping sides with vertical rocky shore in pi. ices, tou'ellor with ilu Iiikmii guns, present a very formiilable defensive ajipearance. The earth tbrmerly cnveiiiii; tlic im l,y islet has been removed and used on the sides; but the island itsell is a mass ni linr yinnnl .iml Very eoMipact siiidsione of a dark bluish color. Peep water-markings exist iipnii .ill tin iih|,\ proiections. .\t the northeast side a small pier has been built to rercive stores, iiriliiiinr, iii Deep water exists all around the islandexcept at the iiortiiwest point, where foul Imiin h iii,iKi> out three v.ii'i- from the southeast point. It is a t-'ircular white tower rising from the while dwellin;; : il.i il"iiir of the lantern is painted red. The illuminating apparatus is of the thin! onlii ni lirMii!, illuminates the entire hoii/on, and exhibits from sunset to sunrise n ti-ml irhil: liiilit. Ilu- lni;:lil of the focal plane above the base is thirty six feel, and one hundred and >ixly six feet aluM'tln' surface of the bay ; it sh()uld be seen from a ship's deck under ordinary slate.-; of ilir atiiiH^]ilirir at a distance of fonrieen miles, or outside the bar ol San l''iancisco. Its geogr.ipliical position, as determined by the Coast and llcodetic Siir\ey, is Latiiuil.' :t: r.i •.".! ii'itli l,(>IiKltiiil« I'JJ V.'.'i 1" wi-i Or. Ill tiiiii' - O'.i" ir. •-' In .January, 1SS"». the magneti(! variation was I'J ' .U' east, with a yeail\ iiiciiM-r ut o.i. I'roiii Alcatra/. Island Light we have the following bearings and .listaiiee.- lo piipiiiiiU'Hl points in the bay : I'lirl I'liiiit I.i;;lit lidiiMC .s Til \V •JJiiiiN- I'liiiil Iliiiiitii l.i^:lil-liiii(in;r tlii' lu'll is Imill on tin- sonllu'iislciii cxtrc iriit v of tlio jshiiiil, out' liiiiMiii'tl ;iMil niiiclv Viinls Ironi the l.i;;lil lioiisc, close to tlit> Wiilci's ('(liit', iiui\ isclcxatnl alioiit 'iin;. Ii'ct al)o\r llic waliT. Tlif lirll wci;;li.-< oiii' tlioiisaml iinii iiiiirt \ l\\o ikhmiiIs, mihI iliiiiii;; ,1^.. or lliick wcallicr is >iiiii'k li.v iiiai'liiiin y tirr hloirs irilli I'uiir iiiti mils of hii sinnuls mul Ilic lii\l li'iiir Itilliiirnl III/ III! inti rrnl nf lirnitij tiff srcinuls, as lollov\ s : Mlow. jnlrr \ al ten sccoinls ; I (low, iiiiri\al Icii si'conils; lilou. iiilrival lan;iers, |ia;je !>«!». Ale. lira/, is the S|i:ini>li nan f tiie island; ll"ecliey erroneously calls il Alcatrasses. The |,«,il II. line was IMrd Islnnd. In early da\s it was the resort ol" seals and sea lions mid was whiUi \\i ill ilic dejiosil ot' these aiiiiiials and of liirds. .\n old Spanish chart calls tins the Vsia de Mai .Mirl/.o. AMJKI. ISLAM*. When passing through the (iolden (iate this laiife, hi;;h islaml Wears alioiit norlhnortlieast, .iiiil i> seen as iin island lor a very short time when in the narro\Nest |iiirt of the piiss;i;;e. It has all iiii'i.'iilar and ludd shore liiu; of alxiiil live miles, and an area of one sipiare mile. It rises to a lni;;li; of seven liiindred iind scNcnty one feet, is coxcred with ;;rass and hushes, and cut in e\ery ilirci'iiuii ii\ deep ;;iiliies. As seen from the .sonlheast ward il appears part of the noitherii iienin- Mila, liiit is divided from that on its northwest face 1»\ Itaccoon Strait, three ipiarters of a mile in whiili. Iiaxinj:: a depth of water ran;;iii;,' from ten to thirty fatlioins. and a very siroii;; ciirieiit. I'liiiit Khiiit,* a narrow, lii;,di, Jiittin.u head, makes out from the southeast part of the island, liear lie iiiMlh three (piarters west (N. j \V.). and distant oni- and livcciiihths miles from .Mealiaz hl.iiiil I.i;;lil. This point lias scM'i'al detached rocks around il. all within the three I'al lioin line. I'liiiii tins liealand for o\cr a mile is west liy .oiiitli i\V. liy S.) toward S.incelito Point. I'or a (|uarler ot' a mile olV the roiindin;,' and model- ,itrl\hi^li head calh'd I'oinI Kno\. and which is the soullnvest point ol' the i>land, iln' lliiee l.iilioiii line stretches soiilli one ipiaitcr of a mile. I'oiiit Stuart* is the extreme western point ; it coon nu'ks , narrow, hi;:li, ami liold. and forms the southeastern point of the entraiii'e to Ifai .'^11,11 1. The inililaiy post on .\n;4el Island is in the cov e on the .smilh side of I hi. i point, and f.ices limanls Saiicellto ('o\e. I>i I'P water is found all iroiind the island close to the shores, t .cept olV the southwest point .iinl ii'i l\\o liiiiidred yards oiV the southeast |>oint. m > m Hi •j.i'^ I'dii Ul'.I,!. o\e the water, and 'i|Hiii ilic leveled surface there has lieeii elected a small wooden Imildiii;,' toconlain the fo^' licll ^iiM ilii- iiiaelnnery lor sirikin;; it. 'I'lie kccpci's dwelling; is a sipiar(% wooden Iniildiii'.; with p\ra liii'l.ii mill, :iiii4 is placed iiumcdi.itcls liehind the I'oj; si^^ial house. They are all painted w lute. Tlic chaiacleiistit; of this fo^ si;inal is that ilniihli hlnirs on the liell areslinck at inteivals of Jiilirn .vM'Kii'/.v. |ll has lieeii I'onslructed mainly for the lieiielil of ihe ferry trallic lietueeu I'oint Tiliiiiiiii, 111 Kaccoon Strait, and the cits of San l''raiicisco.| II u.c put III operation on the ■_'ill\r\. is: l.aliliiili' M I.'. iiiMth. I ;,'iiii.i(- l•.^' ■,'!; :u wc-hi. < If, 111 tiiiiii - • ici'" i(i".:i. ' .Naiiu'il liy Kiiiuniild in \'-<». '.: :i.[ I ;*...ijy» It \x\ I'Acii'ic foAsr ni.or. Kmiii this r(»^-si;;iial we >;ivf llif ti>llit\viii;,' iMMiiiitjs iiinl dist.nhvs to iiii|i(irt;kiit piiiiiis i i •!„. bay : I'liiiil Siiiaii, llir \v<>i.iii |iiiiiil 111" Aiu.l IhIiuhI N. .Vi \V. \ iiiilc, I'liiiiiMiila I'm III N. -.' W. I null'. I.iiiii' I'lHiil I'du «lii>i|li' S T.l \V. '.'J iiiilij. I'oit I'Diiil l.i;;lil liiiiiw atiil Itrll S. il W. ;1,', iiiili s Alijlra/ Nl.iii.l !.i^;li|.l >!• ami 11,11 .-. i:. I', •.' t>:\, /I'dccoim .SVniiMit's on till' iiiirtliwi'st siil,' ol' Anirrl Isljml with a w itlili nt' not h'>s iIi.im iidi , iiiih', a I II I has (li'c|» w .Iter liu'ii leu to tliirt \ l':ilhii> hiillniiis :iii,ii(il|. wfsi |iiiiiii ot' I'liliaiiic IS I'inliiMilii I'liiiii (III tlic iii.iiii l.iml. 'I'liis is a sliaip, rncNy, aiiil ImiMIm'.hI 111' iiiir iiMinln'cl ami lil'lv Icrt rli'\ ainm. ami has >i\ lalhniiis of wain cIum' ii|i In il. 'I'lii i|(|.i|| .'i-ai-hi's thii't.N iiliif t'al iiiiais alimil t vvi hiimlii'il \ anU nil I'i'iiiiisiil.i I'ciiiil ; i>tV rmiit 'riliiiinn n |^ llt'tri'ii t'atliiiiiis; ami oil IIImD' I'liiiil, tlir mirtin'as; p ijni .a I'liliain-f, it is ten tatlnims. The ',.,>i (Icptli ill the ('haiiiicl is si\ latlniiiisnlV Hospital Covr on Viii^fl Islaml. Thf t'lili I'liiii'iil si'is St ioii;,'ly thioiii;li Ikai-iMiiiii Strait iliici'tl.N towanls Yellow l;|ii : .m.i thciii-c acioss tovva'ils I', hi I'uiii' ; aiiil thr llooil cmifiil is felt tlifiT cailii'i than ii any oiIh i |i,iil ol'thi-li.iv west laml. Ki't'p hlilcll Ni'ssijs iiiiy liMillIx p.iss I'liilii sea thn>i|;;li thr strait, or tViMIl thf llppii Im\ |iii|Is scawMi'il, a1th(iiiu:li tin- piiclici- is to t.ilvi- m-sm-Is ilufcily in San I'raiicisio. A new triiii i i^ r.ir I lie Noiih I'ai'itic Co i>l llaiiioail h is h.MMi liaill at I'oiiit 'rilniioii a limit iiinhvay on thr im: iii'.yi ,i sidi- otihi' >trait. ami it is iiiicmli'il to jnail ilrcp wairr \t's>iU at iliis plari'. I'lii' o|«Mniiu' ot llaiiooii Si rails nn wii Ii tin' S.mI I locks oil' rcijnt lihits" i ,iii-r Im leaving,' San I'rai.cisco arross tin' .southi rii p.iit ol tlir liar, i See Sailing; I >iH'clioiis ) Vl-.i;i!\ 111 l.NA ISLAM). This is the inodcratt'ly hi;;li, l.irin' islaml opcnnl to tin- south aii'l licyoml .Mcati i I-I.iihl al'ti'i I'liiiiin.; till- < MiMi II (ialf. It lirs lift Wfcii tlif north tioiit ol San I'ramisfo ami I lif < 'ikl.iihl pif IS. Thf Wf-tf rn point dl' i he i>l,iiiil is nnc .iml ihicc cpiai li-i s m'lcs mn tlnast li\ iM>t M,. Ii\ K. rroiii Tt'ii-i^raph 1 1 ill, ami t wo .11 it 1 a hall' niiics imsI h.ill' muiiIi i I',. \ S. > t'roiii the Liuhl on .Mr 1 11,1/ Islaml. Willi sleep, II re;;iil.ir siiles il r.Melies ail elevation dt' three II II III I red ami I'ui t \ I'm II in • m the Slim in it of I he l id ;e, w lieh lies nearls e 1st and " e>l. 1 1 is eo\ eicd w llll eo.ii-,e ;,'! .i-'-. Mii>lii», and a lew .sei ilMi.v trees, lint (he .shores near the xn. iter are idiij:h and rocky. ( hi the soiitliMshiii or S.lli I'r.ineiseo side, the water IS ipiile deep elosy in >hoie, liiit lioin the IMirtliwest poiiil .1 . \ii n ,sive slio.il, ii\ er li.iir .1 mile wide, stletehes line and oiii' i{ii.ii ler miles to the Ilitl'thwesl i. .mili ( N W. Iiy N. . The outline ul' this slnvd is \ ei \ re;.'nlai , and the approaches toil steeji nn . > \o'si side, lull on the iidi I lie.isl Mde II deepen^ ul adiially and lias a iiioie jire^nlar oiilline tuu juls thf deep clianiiel on the nor I Ilea st side III' I he isl.ind. The depi h of w .Her iiii this slio.il i.iiiu'e^ Im i' i>ii<' to ei^ III cell feel, the least w.iier lieiii;.,' near 'he iioiIhea>t point ol the i.sland. There is aN" 1 ^Ii'mI lliakill;^ out son I he. I si v\.ird fioiii the sMiitheasI, nr Huht hoii-e, p. 1111 1 nf the i>l,im| fnr lun I 1 nlinl and twenty y.irds. riiehM>l w. iter on 11 is tifieeii feet, and it has a pocket nt deep w ,ilei. -1 v I'lilli oms and over, inside of il and close iimler this pom' ot the isl.iml. i'he line uf fniii f i:iMiii> i> nearly h.ill ii mile e.ist li\ sdiiiIi 1 I',. Ii\ S. 1 from this pnmi uf ihe i^laiel. so thai deep huh 1 ^ e>M-N lea\iliu lie Oakland I'ler slnnild sleer south until .\ Ic, it ra/. Isl.iml i> well opened lo Ilie s.'i'livt.ml of Verli.i limn.i I.sl.iml, liefore haul in;; up lo t he iisii.il .inchoraue nil the i ily I rout. I.K.IIT llursf. iiN M;itl!\ III l.NA l.'^I.AMi. l"or the lieiietit of the feri.\ lialhe lielueen S.iii I'laiieisco and Oiklaiiil, and Ini H" aIhiI vessels lo.idiii;.' at iheeiidof the r.iilload wli.irl slieicliiii_' t » o and oneliflh miles lion, ■ 1 i.ik land shore, a la;;lil house, to;; iiell, and st4'aiii \\ hislle li.iM' lieell eslalilisheil nil thi- im!. . l ire nl the sonllieasl pninl of the island. 'I'he low, hev.iuon.il, wn.iden lower for the l.iLrhl w hn • uii tin pi;eh nf the liirky point aliolll tWenlV yards t'roill tin- shole line. The keepers" d" 1 I' ; of I'll!' and a half stones, p.iinted li^ht liiitV, i> liiiilt lii;;her up the hillsule m the rear ot the I" H"' tower is painted li^'hl InilV and the latileiii and dome led. The illiiinin.itiii;; app.ii ilu- - "I lli' liftli orilei of l''icsiiel and illiitniiiates the lioii/oii two hundred and forty de-iees, Imn 'ilii h) fast li.df east (N. Iiy K. .\ K ) round liy east and south to west (W.); ami to the westwii .s linn' ul' visiliditv is on a line to Point Caviirn*. It was lirst exIiibiU'd in "..ST."* and shows Iihu, I'lsct in ^ Ml e a ./(.. iiM he foea 1 :.' slnudi i;.ii, 1 open " } lie {,'»•(), 1.0 Or le Ma:, 1 iom Ye I'm I.M I'nl r.i iTv Kim Il edial iiivs iMinted 1 lila.sis I'iDir xrri i< laist il, or it :i,iih I'nl opel I lie shoal I'i'.ii nn, whi( 1 11. ally t , iim^aml w In >-'ii. j.uc it t i.lllnl (.hole I DAN Nn hidden •:• '\ upon till' Ki'iii 1.1. i -ide the / . Mil, I, h"l I'niiil -iiiil'.iei II edy:e !■«■!> 1.1 s one hi I'l^lil. .Illd IliLS •li''|ii 11:11;: III s i"i h !i. •. line hi ^' 1' N. Iroiii t .iii-iiM>ni;,' ver\ '"Ml, ics .Sl\t\ 'Iri'il Illd (Ifty t .11 l(i» uater, li iiiraiiu'e with 11 ViiriN»,.st iiali Tiis led-e 'JIllM-r 177. 'I > shoiil, ''"'It'll, ly of a l>l.i'iil Inwards PAt'lKlC COAST lil.oT. 185 >iiiii -I' i» Ji.Ti'il whilr Uijht. Tlio Itast^ of tlit* towt'r is scvi'iit.v livti ft't't iiltovc \\w lovcl of tin- sim, ,111,1 he I'oi'iil |iliiiio IS twcntytwi) fft-l ahnvc Hit' liasi>. In i>nliii:>v,v stales iit' Hit- aliiios|ilurc, tin? |.i;:l ! sliniilil lie seen at a tlistaiicc of lictuft'ii t\v*-l\c anil tliiitrcn mill's. It ran lii'Si't'ii f't'oiii Point Hull, i I opi'ii to till' nortli of Fort I'oiiit, anil fViiiii tin- iniililli' of tlir (ioiili-n (iati'. I III' t;i'o;;!'a|iliiral position of tliu la};lit lioiiso, as ili'ti'iiiiiiuil li,v the Coast anil (it'oik'tic Siir- \ ('\ . I -^ : I,:ililM(lc' ;i7 t- ■,'! uiiilli. l.oMnilii'l'' 1'.'-' '.'I !.■> wchI. Or, III liini' n'' iK.i" '^-.ii Till' Ma;;ni'tir \aiiatioii, .laniiary, 1.SS5. was 1(1 ;U' cast, incioiisiii;; 0'..'{ aiiniially. I Mijii Yi'i'lia lliii'iia Lif^iit w** liavf tin' loilo\vinj{ lu'arinj^s ami ilistani-i's to pioiniiii'iit points: l'iiiiitr:i\;illii I iia^-'Mii; J iminl S. of Alcalra/.) S. -i- \V. Til inili's. I r I'liiiil l'o);\vlii>.||n S. -r. \V. :>\ iiiili'K. I 'ill 11 1 I li II III II 1,1;; 111 hull SI' S. 77 \V. » Ml Mrs. I'liit I'liiiil l.i);lil ( |i,'(s.sjiii; just rliMi nl' lllai'k riiliit ) S. 71 W. .'ij iiiilrs. Kniy .sli|i, fiiiil 111" Markrt sinri, S:iii riaiK'lMrii .S. I- W. \\ iiiili'S. l>ry-iliMk at lliiiilir's I'niiil S. ','(1 K. Ij iiii|i>M. Kiiil of Kailriiail I'iri, rxli'iiiliii); rriiiii Oaklaiiil NK. I>y 1). I iiiili'. K(Kl-8IONAI. UN Yi;i{ltA llllC.NA ISLAND. Inimctliati'l.v oil tin- sliori' lini', iimliT Hie Li;jlit Iioiisi', are ereeieil the small fo};si;;nal stniet- iins I'.niiliil !ij;lit liiilf wiiii mol's of ilaik red. The fofj-sif^iial is a leiiinrh steaniuliistie ;;iviii^ (./ii\/> 'i>i/»- siriiiuis hnij with intnrnls nf sirlirn .sc h/k/.s. I>iiiiii;j the liej,'innin;;' of a fo^, until steam ■iiai-Mil.or if the whistle is ilisalileil, a lull is struck tit iittornls of ten sironils until th« wliLstle iti ivai!\ fill operation. rill' >lioal reai-hin;; northwestwaril fioiii the north side of Veilia Itiiena Isl.iiid is marked liy , I 111', null, wiiieh is desi-rilted iiniler tlie head of |)an;;ei's in tiie Hay of San l''r.iii''iseo. paj^e IS.SS. iiiiarlv times ^'erlia liiieiia Island was densely eoveied witii wood and was Known to iiavi- :;,iiiu- and whalers as Wood Island, i )n old Spanish eharts it was ealled Isia del Carmen. IJeeeliey, b.'il, ;:a\e it the present name. It has iieeome loeally known as (ioat Island ; on a late map it is nili'il (ihote Island. DANv'KU.S INSIDK IIIK llVIt l»F SAN FUANl'ISfO ANI> AIDS TO NAVDiATION. Nil iiiddeii dan;;''rs exist outside the "Heads" of San I'^raneiseo May exeept roeks immedi- ililv ii|Miii the shore line, and the sunken roek de.si'rilied oil' the old li;;lit lioii.se tower of Point Ki'iii I.I. Iii^ule the Heads the known danj;ers, visilde and hidden, are few in numlier. Till Mill' U(nks inside Point Lolios have already lieeii deserilied, pa;;es I7.">-I7(i. /.n7 l'i)iiit /,((/'/»■.— Oil' I'm t Point lie se\eral sunken loeks forming; a daii;;i'rous h'd;;e on tho ■"iitlit'iii ei|;;e of the fair way ehannel of the (ioldeii (iate, liiit elose under the shore. The lirst I'lcK lis one hundred and fifteen yards olf slmre northwest hy north (NW. by N.) from Fort I'oint l.ii;lil. .iiid has nine and a half feel of w, Her on it, with three fathoms elose aIoii;^side; the water •liijii iiiii;: to se\en fathoms at a dislaneeof one hiindietl and seventy yards outside. The si'eond iihI, 111", oiie hniidred and t weiily yards olf shore northeast liy north tlireeiiuart«"s north ('SI'., iiy ^ I N. liiMii the I.in'ht. with eleven feet of water on it and four fallioiiis elose outside, the depth .ii(iri>!ii:,' vers rapidly towards the ehannel. .\ third sunken lock, with only seven feet of water "" it, 1 cs sixty yards south soiillnvest (SSW.) from the nine and ,i half foot roek. ami one liiiii- 'ircij mil llfiy live yards north lil'ty three de;;rei's west {N. ."»''P \V.) from tlie l,i};ht. .V roek, liare •il liiu uater, lies halfway lietweeii the seeond sunken rock meiiti.intd and the shore, and nearly iiiiaii-i- u jth the eastern line of the Fori; whilst another, liare at low water, lies one hundred v.inls «,.^| half .south (W. S S.) from the last one. Tins ledire is now marked by a miimmotk huh huoy pninteil red and miinbered 2, as described 'Ji'I'.i.i:'- 177. I'UKSIDIO SHOAL. This shoal, hiiviiifi as little as three and a half fathoms upon it, is in faet the southwestern 'X'nii, IV of a lonj,' submarine rid),'e wliieli stretehes from the iiitrthwesterii part of Aleatraz l>l.uiil "Wards Fort Point. The (he fathom .southwest tail of this shoal lies fourtiftlis of a mile ti I? 'i i ill Nil ISC I'ACII'IC COAST ni.nr. inside Koit Point ljif,'lit, ami Ixmis nortli sixt.\ ili';;n'cs tMsf (N. | uanl III' tlic line lu'twccn tin' l,i;;lits on Koil Point anil A lea Ira/. Inland. 'I'Ih' |tassa;;c liiivu i ii,,, tail of this shoal and the tliit't- lathoni line nndcr the !''oi't Point shore is one third ol .1 ;iti|.' n, width with ;:<>od water over lirown iniid and sand. le.isl three ipiai li| > ,• |>t The ;;<-neral direction ol' the shoal towards Alealra/ Isl.ind is norll (>'!''.. ,' I'..) lor one anti a half miles, then north (N.i lialla mile, then norihea^t three i|naiii'i.> |.,|,| (Nl'l. ,' K ) to the west »'nd of Alealraz. It is a narrow rid;je not o\ei one eiuhtli oi a mile .ii-iii>v inside the si\ I'athom lines; the liottoin is sand and tine ;:ia\el, doiilil!es> lormed li\ ihr .iriiun of the ehti-enrreiits liom the northern and sonlhern pails ol' San I'laiiei^eo 11, i\. The di'iiijr iiiiiiu ihis shoal ranjjes IVtna thii-e and a hall' to seven lathoms. Tlieieau Iml Iwnor linei' -.imii^hiii, tour fathoms and less upon lliem, ami the spots with live lalhonis are limileil lo the I.iil 1! (in siioal ami to a small pateli seven sixteenths ot' a mile south si\t\ Tin e de;;rei'> east (S. ti.'i |; i,,,,,, Aicli lioek. The deepest water npon it is w hen the I'la^^pole on Mlaek Point liears south lilts ei^lii east (S. .VS !•;.) and the Ia;;hl house tin Aleal ra/. Island Immis iioith I'orlN lonr de;:ii MM Nil 10. 1, with Sha;; lto<'k jnst open to liie east of .\ieli Ifoek ; here not less than si\ and liner Mii,irlel> lathoms ean lie eariied over it. The pilots use the raii;:e of the Old hoiiel 1 l.i;:ht town mi ihi' extremity of Point Diablo for erossiii;,' it. When the l,i;,'lit was located at the olcl lionet. 1 |ii\m-i i^ was also a favor.tlile ni;;ht r.in;;e. I!ul when the fo^ sets into the (ioldeii < late tin-. Ii.hL 1 ii,m,. is lo.^t. I'nxiili'i Sluml llnoy. — The tlireeand a half t'allioiii patch near the tail of the slidal i^ miiKi'l hy ii stci'iid clit.w < lilt litii'ji iiiiintid rcil mul hlaik lioii'.onlnl xlrijKs, li lies in lueiilvoin' lici nt water ami vessels iiiav pass in safetv on either side liv ;,'ivinj; il a licilli of lillv v.inK. l''idm tins liiiov vve have the followin;; lieariii;;s and disl.inees to |iromineiit oli|ects: I'lirl I'liiiil l.ifililluiiiM' s. A 11 It. I III" k S|iiiiillr Alratra/ Islami l.i;;ht Ihhim' S I I Iv N 1- !•; U linir ; mill' I • iiiilr .\rch rock is on with the southeast point of .\n;;el Island. The shoal was naiiu-d Itv the Coast and (ieodetie Survey in IS.'iT ; it i.s localiv known i,. il pilots and others as the " Middh- (iroiind.' ANIT.V IKM'K. This rock sliovvs aLove water at the lowest tides, ami is less than three hundred v. 11 i- rimn the lov shore under tlii> Presidio of San Praiii-iseo, and directly olV the Pi IC.) finiii I'm' I'.Hi!! I.i^'ht. Theie is dee|i water all aioiiml it and a jiassa;,'!' with .seven fatli..iiis of walir lici...eii il ami the shore. The sho.il patch within the three fathom eiiivt' exieiiils fuitv vaids .sonih ami sixty yards west of the rock. The currents set stron;;lv across the rock ainl slio.il. ,iiiil mv^mN should not appro. tell this rock to the nortliwartl within a ealile's leii;;th. Anitii A'dc/, SiiinilU. — Tin' rock was forim'ilv marked li; a liuo.v Iml it iron spindle secured in ihe rock and proiectiu).' twenty four feel aliove hi;;h water. riii~ >|iimil<- IS ciiiwiied with III iniii iiuji nine t'eet Ion;,' ami live feet in diamelei. painted in ln'i i.nnt'l \>.n)ns hhnhiiiid »•(■(/; and aliove thise;i;,'e is a ;,'lass ylolie twenty two inches In diam'lei and tlutv leiii feet aliove hiv'h water. This ;:lolie will show liri!:lit in ordlnarv weather. is now Mi.irki '\ li\ .111 T ic spll nlle IS to lie left oil the slarlioard hand liy vessels elilciiii;;. Iml iiia.v 1' either side liy small vessels. To avoid it, keep Point lioneta l,i;;ht upcn to iioiilnv.ir< Point. From tills lieacon we have the followiiif; lieaiin;;s and dislaiiecs lo |iiiil iiisiilo !lii> si \ till it liiii' in alioiit iiiii- liiinilicil iiiiil titty yunls p.ii. llrl Willi till' sliiirr ami sjMy live yaiils iit iltjlit aii;;lr.s 1 lirii'tii. It Is »'s|ii'iially iiaii;,'('ii>iis ti> M ~- N liiMtiii^ iiiil iiiiiln llio sdiitli shiiri- mi tin- lii-;{iiiiiiii;; ut' tin; riili; liiil il imii Ik; avttiili'il hy kill ii;; IViiiit Ituiietu o|H'ii totiht luiitliwanl iil' Fmt I'liiiit. AUt'll iili llllili Kin'K. This is a Hiiiall |iyi'aiiiiiial, dark rock almiit t'orty I'lvt in iliaiiictcr, tiiirly live almv*- \vat«>t-, ami Iviii. til the iiiii'liiwaril III' llitMisiial slii|t rliaiiiit'l iiiiiiSaii {''laiirisni llailiiii'. In tin- ilr,\ srasiiii it iio'iiM'i'i'il w illi III I'll ili-|iiisits ami nIiiiws a ilirl,\ wliili- rnlnr. Wlii'ii si't'ii In tlir ilirrrtinii tiiwaiils, III II 'III, till' tail III' till- I'i'i'siiliii Sliiial It |ir«-M-iits a iirrl'iiialiiiii nr airliway at low lii|i-s, TliiTr is di-i'l' watt'!', live to i-i^lit I'atliniiis, llii'cc'lalliiiiii lini' runs oiir liiimlioil \.iiiU III till' III lit Invest t'riiiii it, tli'ii|i|iin;: iilV iiitii Irii l.illiiiiris ; anil iiiif liiimli'i-il \ari|s sun ili sunt li- I'lst S.fSh',) I'liiiii it tliiTi' is a ili'iitli iit'tlii'rr anil tliii'i- iinarlrrs t'alliiinis with inrky liiitlinn. Tin' ;iii!iniii til till' rastwaril is nirky, ami In suiitliwi-sl want rn.iisi' ;,'ray saiiil. N'i'ssi'ls slmniil nut ap- |ii 11.11 II the riirk with in two liiiiiiliril y arils, as tin- llnnil riiiii'iit s«'tstliri'ctly on it, ami if tliowiiitl is li;;lii HI ilii-s mil llii'.N imiyiliit't into ilaii^'iT. Nniiirrnns vi-sscls liavr lit-fii injnii'il liy tiril'tin;; on Airli K.irk, i-s|ii'i'ially in niinin;; in on tin' tinoil tiili- at ni;;lit witii littli-or no wimi ami Hit' wt-atliui' Iii:;l'> . I iiiiii Arrli liiM'k \vi' lias'i' the t'ollowiii;; lirarin^s ami ilistaiiiTs to proiniiiciit (ilijccts: Alr:itrii/ l>lilliil l,i;;lil lii'iisi- N. k\> K. ] liiilr. (SiiiitliruHl riiil iif All atra/, iivir imrlli iirrk nl' V<'rl>a lliii'iia. ) I'lirl I'liiiil l.i;;lil liiMiHi' S. II- W. •,' iiilliix. l.jliir I'liilit l-'iin »lil?l;;ht or tfii I'i'ct in cxti'iit. In ihrihv siaMiii il shows wliiti-'to|),» 1 on arrniinl of tliii ilcposits of si-at'owi. The liottom aliout It i> iiii';:iil,ir, lint the soiiinlin^s imliiMli- nut liss than fmir ami a qniirter fathoms titty yards to ll;i' >iiiillir,is|, w illi ili-rpiT waliT I'liisi' to it on Ihr iitliri' sides. A three I'atlioin spot has been lo- I'iitiMl Me;ii'l\ three hundreil yards eas* of the lurk on the line to north end of Yerli.i liiieiia Island. Willi iliis ixeeption there is a ilepth of ten fatlnims within one hundreil and lifty yard.s in every tliri'i-'ioii. I'liiiii Shau Iloek we lia\t' the tollowiiif; beariiijjs and distances to pruiniiiont objects: Alcatra/. Islaml l.iulit lioiimi S. 77 K. I iiiilo. \ri'li Itmk S. Ill i;. (t mill'. I.iinr I'oint l"(in-\vliistli> S. ."iT \V. Kinili-N. Saiuclilii .Sli'aiiilmal Wliail' N. i;i» \V. -J! iiiilc!!. .'^iiiitlii'a^l |iiiiiit 111 Aii;;('l I- 1 1 iiuirso ti danger to deeply laden vessels and t'spi'cially to iroitclad meuof-war that enter till' li.ii lior. /■' isvoMt Kock liuoif. — To mark this danj^er a mcondrldiiH vanhitoy with red and hlwk hori- wniitl (i'i/H>8, hua been placed upon the ledge, wlUeli will have oidy tweutytwo and a half feet of 'f 1 't,l > il i f A ♦ I ■'•\ IP ^ 188 i'.\( iiic ciiAsr I'li.ui. water upon it at tlic I'Xtit'im' low tiilt's. Somcliim's tills Itiiov is swi-p! Iiy slroii;; riiii> -. ,,i Hllll'ti'd 1>.\ paMsiti;; xt'sscis ilitu deeper water, hut it is repl.ieeil III! (lie leil^re as simiii as this i,s l.imvMi X'es.sels sliiiiilil ;,'ive it a ;;im(l liertli <>ii I'illier sule lieraiise lliere are linpieiitlv lieaw ritm.iii rips aroiiiiil ami over it. Fruiii tliis hiKiy we lia\e tlie I'nllowiii;; lieariiif^H ami dislaiiei's t.t piiiiniiieiii iiliint^ Soiitlic:!-.! I'liMil .a AiiU' I M.tiicl N,.!' W .' inil,« All alraz Nliiiiil l,i>;lil liNiiNr . . N.T'.i W | imli', lllaik l'..inl ll.i« Nliill S. I.. \V 1, iiiIIih 'I'rliUiiilili 11:11 sit infill. i'l>'ilri<- liulil, |>ri\:ilfl s. - I I iiiili. ^ 11 lia IliiiHii I l.iiicl Liylil liiiii«i' S. -T i; '.' mill ~ Verlia I'lilelia Island Li;;llt is open |iist nil tlie soiitli point ol tlie led^e. The roek was tliseoveied and named li.v lleeeliey al'ler Ins slnp lllosmiiH, in NoMinliri. 1 ^ji,, VK.I!HA 111 r.N \ IS! \Mi Sl|ii\l . I'roiii ilie extieiiie mntliwesi and norilieasl points of Xcilia Uiieiia Isliml as ,i li.isi . |,,|, tiiaii^^iilar shaped shoal, avera;:in;: half a mile in w idlli, Ntretehes one and oiu' ipi.triii mil, ^ ;,, ii,. north \M's! Ii\ noiili (N\V. lis N.i. The out line ol' this shoal is \ei ;\ ie;:iilai', and I he appin.iriii - \,< i\ steep, on Its wesi side; lint on the lioitheasl side it deepens ;;iaililall> lowaids I he i|ri'|i > li.iiuii I on the lioi llieast side of (he ishllld. The depth ol wateldli it iaii;;es lioiii one to i'i;;hli'rii In '. ih. least water lieiii;: iie.ir I lie iioiiheasl point ol' the island. A eomparisoii lietweeii lereiit and older surveys shows that this shoal has ;i tiiiiii'iiiv t,.('ii< in two. Viiliit lliiiiiii Slitiiil — lliiiiji, — To repl.iee the lieaeoii destloNcd ne.ir lire iinilli einj i.| \ iy\,,, llneiia slio.il, a liist iliiss iiiii hnitf), painted mi and lihuf; lia.\ was forineilv a deep Indentation of the shore line on the east front of .sin, |.'| m eisei). fill Mini;; at low water .in e\leiisi\e mud tial : it is now strai;;htiiied out \>\ \\ li.ii \i s. i ii- nil' tills 1 1.1 \ or io\e »as ;i l,ir;,'e. roekv islrt ealled Mission Koek, upon and a roll ml \\ liirh \i n ll^^•^ ami w irehoiisi-s li.ive lu'eii const riii'led to t'oiir and a ipiarter and (ive and a half lathniiis n! u.itir till shiiipiii;:. The extent of this Islet Is now ei;;ht hundred and thirt.v yards li\ Imir hiniili< il .iinl lili.v \arils. JM'tween this Mission IIiM'k wharf and the wharves from the main shore Is a pas.sace n.i. (inii hiimlied and iweiitx yards wide, wliieli is a very busy tlioron;;lifare for I,ii;;e and sin, ill \i-.mI>: hut lirii iliiiiiii iiius, sliiirji iiiiiiitiil rfiiLs have been found in this passa;;e, iieaily on the hm .ii ilii' west f.ic' of Mission Koek winirf, and to the sontliwaril thereof in the middle ol' the ine I ^i\ fatlio II rhaniiel. The til- 1 of these dan;:ers is named the .I/iaa/oh /wii/ /{orh. It is doiilileheaded, i;i .i Ih.h! not more than three feet ael'oss and the heads tell feet apail. There is idejilh ol I \v ilv . niil a half feet till them, with live fathoms over niiiddy liottoin elose around them. Tlie imk li. » lUmn three hiimlied _\ards south' li.\ «e.st (.'s. li\ \\.) lioiii the soiithein point ol .Mission I,'. mi, \\li.iir, and atioiit one hiindred .iiid lift\ ,\ards from the end of the Central I'aeitle K^ilioad ^vli.iiv riii-^ loek was diseovereil in IS7I.;;iid Is now marked l>y :i liiioy, as follows: Mi>isi(rii lliiji li'dih liiiiii/. —'l\\\s is A llilnl iliiss nun Iniiii/ with liliicl: iiitil rill li(iii:iiii(tii \ Ii is placed in ei;:liteeii feet of water near the shoalest part of the rock. It may lie passc'i e . 'lur hand liy jilsiii;,' it a ;;ood liertli, lieann;; in mind, however, the southern rock, t«o Iniihli.-i iiiil seventy yards to the soiiihward, which is also marked by a buoy. It is reported that a third head has been di.scitvered to tin; .Mission Hay loick, .i^ •!• • i Inii from the examination ol 1.S7I. 'I'his third head lies one hniutred feet south by east li.tl i - iiniii the double point marked by the buoy. The Siiiilli or SDitiiiiKt lioih lies two hundred and seventy yards to the soiilliwanl I'l :!■' Mi'' sioii Itay Koek, and has thirteen ami a half feet of water upon il, with four and tlihi' i :ii'eis fiithoius over muddy bottom oii the inside, and live fathoms outwiilo. The lop »)f the rm k - .ilimii t\vrir\ feel ii ,,iil\ iiie fool 1,1 li ' parll.N S.iM liber, I' {■jir I iM;;e no S.nit I'ap. b idi.iii it ben- ,,t till' wliai f. .> •iiiiiiiii |,i.|l , I III foil A siinkei llic v» est side irmn llie cxili Ti.e 11 ,-. |iiarcil III I Wei Aliaiia/ Ishi islnml. and lili wivck of the I lii'i 11 ijcslrovei ii'l.ii'i-- llic nai fills 1 xteii Nl.iihl. and Is i lliMiina. I'orl ( inltlrvcsl nild liii'iii 111 ^liape, ihc ucsliTIl sill >i\ anil sr\ en f Mill III \ icliliii^; Ml lllr -lliial. Ill i>M,li-iill> liiniii Hitii llic \el sti liiMlli'-.isI clilr; "illlia;iiptoii ^ riiilii It (hi k-i ll it I'.. ml Si 111 til MaiUi liimv I'A( Uic niAsT ni.oT. 189 !«rii \ ft'<"t ill I'Ntrrit, ami at the (>\aiiiiiiati loot ai'i'ii>.s. I III' ciial lailrii liark •SVinitmn ran upon this rot-U wlit'ii miiJiT tow, ami liiul IMitl.s ilisi'ii ii';;t'il to ;;i't olV. Slii' waH iiot injiircil. Tlio rtH-k waM ti};aiii •>\aiiiiiicil in \,i\ . iiliri, l"..ii l*:i|«. iMMiiiiiisiiiitliwcsi liv west (S\V. I»\ NV.) ; ami from IIum'IhI of the railioatl conipany's ili: ii III'. IIS siiiitlii'a'il li> i-A-*\ mil' Ihii'il cast iS|''., Iiy K. .\ !■).), ami iirarlv on Ihc pniloiiKatioii . I' (vhaif. Tins imU is imw marki'il liy a limiv, as follows: .'y'liitmn IlitrK IliiDii. — This is a lliirilrliiss nun hiimj with ml nnil Mark hitrhnntnl slrijus, ami is |i|.iimI ill I'liiii'tt'rn li'i't III wattT near the top of the rock. It may lie pa.sst'il on ciihi'i' liaml. Ai.lAllJA/ UnCK AND III DV. A sinikcn rock, liarc at tin' lowest tides, lies on thi' north claiiil, and lill\ \aids soiilli oiieci;;htii east (.S. ^ |'^) t'l'oiii Aleatra/. Ifock. It marks the recent «ivil> 'if the Itaik (tlirn- Cults. 'I'lie .1 M^n-ni^ was .sunk here Ion;; a;;o, lint after the wreck had Iktii liolriived the ;;icen linoy was removed until the last wit'ck caused it to lie replaced. It irtiiiii-- (lie name of the "Autocrat." .^^dlTirAMl'TON .SIKIAI.. riiis 1 \tensi\e shoal lies nearly in the middle of San l'"rancisco I>ay to the northward of AiiKi'l Isl. Mill, and is tlierefiire a menace to the na\'i;;alion ol' lai<;e vessels lioniid to Vallcjo, Mare Islaml, I'li'iiHi.i. I'm! ( 'o>l,i, or .\ntiiich. Within t he tince lalhom line, it is t wo and a ipiaiter miles Ion;; Mii!iiui's| iiiid soiiihcist iiearl,\ , with an exlrcme lii'c.kdth of one t hird of a mile. It is very niii' liinii III >li.tpe, with a tlve I'.iihom ch.innel* on the east side, and six to seven fathom channel on liir \\r-ct stroll;; elilii'iirrent from S m j'alilo IJ.iy. .\l a ciirreiil .station lialfw.iy lictwecii the iuMtih'.isl I'lilrance to the Strait and tli(> Soiilhanipton Shoal the snii surface lliind-ciirreiit was 'I'tiiiiL: III Mt llie rate of aliniit one knot, and in a direction ditVcrin;; more than nine points with the iliiri'lhiii III' the surface clili ciiireiit still iniiiiiii;; al the i.ite of one and a half Knots. J! 1^ ri'|inrtcd that there is less \\,iter on the sho.d and that it h.is lieeii extended in leni;th ■iiiiif till' last siirve\. l{iim;;(ild ;;.ive the ran;;c I''o it I'oint on the westernmost point of Any;el {.•"l.iiiil seen tliiitii;;li i;,ii nil .Sir.iili tor cic.iiiii'j; it oiitsiile ot' the three tat liom Inioy which he i'l ii I il 111 I lie iiiiilli end. 'I'lic s.iiiie iiii;;i' will mnv pass i>\ rr seventeen feet of water a I the north 111'!; Iiiil ueiliMiot know wJH'llieriiis i.iii^s- was an acliially ohservcd ran;;e or ■ ian;4e snli.se- i|ii''Mll.\ ailiipled from the ciiail : nor does his chart ;;ive his plane of reference. Till' ends of the shoal are marked liy liiioys as follows: Till liiiiiji iDi ilir siiiilhci n niil of Siiiilliiiiiiiiton Slitml. — The can linoy marked with hliick and ri'd Ifirr.i'iihil liiiiiiU ihiii marked the .south end ol' .Sunlhamploii Shoal has lieeii iiioved one ipiarter III' .1 iiu'c siiiiilicasi half south ; ami it now lies three and a ipiarli-r luilcs north thio' ei;;liths east N. 1^ ' I'loiii Aleatra/. Island I.ikIiI house. li -111 four falhoiiis of water almiil twn hundred and fifty yanls oil' tlii' southern tail of tlio •~^"illli;i;ii|.tii|i Shoal. rimii It (lie followin;; lieariiij;s and distances are ;;iven: i;iili;...k N. ir. \V.. :H milrs. I'.'iiil <'anii>ln.|l (NiMiJi I'mnl nT .\ii;;i.l Isljinll .S. Ill \V., I, iiiili..s. siiiitli iiiiiiil (il'lliiiiiks I>l,iiiil N. Till i;.. '.'* inili'N. Miuki'l .Sirirt Wliaii, Siiii fr.liiiisr .><. '.Ml I'.., 1} mill's. Iliiii.v un liiiisxiiiii IJiirk S. I'J K., '■^ inili'H. " Naiiii'il till' tiilc'v (^liioiiu'l by KiiiggoUl, in 1S,M). :lt I" ;*■ t] ni' r n. COAS I'Acii If ('i)A>i i'ii.i>r. Tlif liiii'i/ (i» thr itnrlliifii iHil III' Siiiilhiim).ln,i Slmnl. 'I'liix i>* ;l limlrlnH^ nini liimii n Uil'l I'liiil, hlrl|| Mile. 'I'llis lllH'N l.lkrs III!' |i|.|. tlxi'il liiMcnii \\llir|| 111,11 Ufil tlir s:llii<> h|hi| |.Sn|. I'lmil tills liui>> \\r ll.lVf llic liilloNMIl;; l>caiiii;;s ;iiii| i|isl;tlli't>s tii |irolillM<'lit iili|i'rts: lliliix cm 111! -niiili iiiil 111' till' hIi.iiiI S. l;l K. '.' null*. Siiiiilii'u-I ii.inil III' \ii;{i I lil.inil S. K r.. ;U inil.H. Wi'slirii I'.iint ot 'Aiu< I l>l.iiii|, tliniiiKli KurnHiii Hiniit S :i I',. :i;' iiiiIin. lUiitl 1*111111. iiiii'tli>':i' ii.n:::i tinii; lint iiiiw iinthiii;; wliatt-vcr rcniaiiis III' Iiit masts, whlrli riiiistitiitt'il tl Iisii iiriinii in mn pitimi. ami it' any part nl' the hull siiM rxisis it Mi-s in twenty I'.itlnmis ol' water. Iiiiiiiiii li'oil, iiiiil llitiiii. — Tin' Uini'iiii I'nt'k nf rnrincr I'li arts wasiii part ii'imiM'il li\ il,i- I nitnl ami llii'ii the Stale llarltnr rniiiiiiissiniieis |iroieeti'il a wharf nver it. ell'., nnrtli of Sniithamptnii Slni.il Imve not ln-eii tk-scrilK'il, as n\ei Inaiiiiiu Hi - tun iniich at present. THK GULK OK FUK KARALLONKS NORTHWESTWARD OK POINT IMNl T.'. I'lnlleta to lMl\liill> I'nilit, fniiiiill); the West ! lie of Halletia.s lia,\,llii' rniU'^r > etpiarter north (\V. liy N. [ N. i ami .lie il is; a nee nine ami a tpiarter miles. Tin in • in the same general ilireetinli tn t!ie eastern p.irt nf Drake's |'.a.\, tn the west el Keyes lleail. twenty lixe ami two tliinls miles mirth ei;;lity twn ile::iee> vm-: N ml r>niiela. Ill' iKirtiiwi'.stward nf I'mat r.niieta is very Imhl, lirokeii. ami elevatiil ; it iim'sh. ll as live hnmlreil ami I went > feet within tun hnmlreil y anls n| the slioie, a ml i" vMlliiii a mile. It is transversely cut liy the deep, narrnw npeiiiii;:s nf >iim1! v.il il.iml. siieii as Unil en \'alle\ seven ei''litlis nl a mile frniii rnilil Kuli ami I'rank's N'allev Ihue ami a half iiiili ll lese vallexs ^i\e t hr cii.i^! lim- .1 iilnlatiii;.' siirfaee very well delineileil in the ('n.ist Sni\i\ rhail nl tlie (i"lilrii lehes. The niily lu-aehes liare at lii:,'li w.iter are at the inniiths nf tlie-e \:il!e.\-i, e these transverse rid^^es is the pinmiiient iidt,'e of Mniint Tanial|Mi^ ei fahli- iiU twenty si\ hundred and fmir feet ,iliii\e the sea, with its eastiiii -li.ii;' |":il> rniii the mast. This rid^i' lies miilheast and sniithwest Inr .ilmnl I \»" m.li ' iml landmark which appears ilal topped niil\ in two direeliniis. It isImmviK -li.ulnl 'haparral, whilst the lower iid;,'es are n^enerally n|;i,ss en\ ered. It i> iliMiilini Is. and the views nf the appiiiaclies to the (iohleii dale exliiliit its lii.iinlii he eoasi alireast of this niniintain from the west snntliwest. with the tin. I. I'l.ii-I> eliliies preX.liN ill sniiiiiier lieliile .1 pln|ii|ii;ed fn;;) hidilli; the InWer pail> .i~' "'I e riili.'e is seen endways ll tupped hill, seM'llleeil lilini d the peiks show as nlie and lint as a lalile. '>lllli' ■' lied and sl\t\ feet ill ele\ at ion, is seen l"i> 'i lies Ic IIS -l.."i- IW ,] •. 1 l^e I' I'd nf the peak. Apprnai-hed IVnliithe southwest, Mniilit Taiii.llp the eastern sharp peak, and a middle and Inwer peak inst nil the east lii;;liest peak. I'"rnm the western slope of the iiioiintain the lower ,iim1 ''<\ij. 'Uln' is partially wnnded. •iitheast rarallnn ra;:lit Imiise the iiiniiniaiii liears iiortln'ast li.ilf imilh ;\l-. O- ini miles, and il is visihle sixl.\lwn miles seaward, lill is the "T.ilile Mill" of 1; lies (M.'lli. ll was silli.seipielitlv e 1 ■ ^I'lm' I'liited St, lies Ivxplorin;; l^vpi'ditioii (IS|I), lint is iiexer known hv K"i ii.iniiu s.iiid spi liiMllii'lll sl'nle I lllilelias M;> till' ili'^iees wes •mil' retreats a ;uii'liiirai:e with 1 •Ihiit 111 the hay ■ : <>i:i- .mil one K.illi'lia.> sand s| vinN 111 width ll Ii.hiiil; iiiilv line li'lwiTii r..illeii.i ■'ill' jiisl inside 'T'liiki'd I'li.iiiiiel •I'lilii.l ll the 11 I !!•■ w e-1 SI mill' 111 l>ii\liur\ Hi'i'l .iiid I'lMiit Tlii'le l> line niili'.siiiiili >i\ty "III li.ls tlill leell "•■■ilnl I'leaker •lll^l lli^nle I ''■mill; Sl.iiinii 1 rill- liiliiN ol iii'iil. :iiii| al.sii II ' lu. ,,.,in. 11 'hi'illll'l |nl.i| III \' !■•;'■■ Ii\ C. nil. r„.i,. ill I'.'Ji, I'ACII ir ((lAsr I'll.dT. 191 Kii. .Ill fiillnl it 'l',tM<- Mill III |s:iil. It was tiiiiiicil Tiililf Moiiiitaiii liy tlit^ I'. S. CoiiMt -11 III IViit, ami i> kiiiiwii l)\ tliiil iiaiii<> a lit; iiav i;;ati>is. lint Ijii- Tuast anil (iroilt'tii; ^i!\.. has (jssii ail''|>)fi| (lir iiaiiii' Mniiiil 'raiiialpaiK. Ilv tlic iiatlvf ('alHui iiiaiis it is rallt^l 11 ii I'ais, iiiTaiis*- tins |iarl of tlii> rniiniry linicf In Toiiiali-.s Ita.v was inlialiilril i)y ilic Taiiml I , .\slii>iii Istiiwnv witliiii till- .iiiiisilii-tii>M of tlM' Mission nl' San I'laniiscn. Tlic Tainiil, \iiti;Ml, anniii Iriluvs talnnt'il llirnisrlvt's anil N|M>k(^ tint saiiii> lan;;iiaK<>. 'I'Id' lasl two : lir^ liM'il to the nnrlliwanl. /,'.r/,i/ I'liint, — AltMi'; llic sliMiT Id IJiirky I'dinl, wliicli is six miles iiurtli si\iy six (li'i,'r»'0.s ,'st \. liti W.) ri'iMii rmiit l!i>iM>la, IIk'Ii' is Itiit iiiif inck alioxc water iiiitsiih- the tliiee-tallioni I. mi .si> far as known iinl.\ one snnkeii loek alreailN ineiilioneil as Iviii^ oil' tJieOiil !ii}{lit- iiiiiM- lower. I;iii„' to live hnmlreil ami I'oily feel w ilhin three Iniinlreil inN.iiiii then iiier;;in;; in the same ti insverse i'i I'oiiit we have the foiliiwin;; lteariii;;s ami ilistanees to proniiiient point.s: roiiit r.iiinhi i.i^iii liiMiv Ilnii\ |Oi I «<'1m' l.illiKiiis) III! |lii\liiii\ Itirl' s r.i; K T.iil 111' |ln\lini\ .><. IT W, l'ii\liiii\ I 'ill II I ,*> Ii lllllr.l. ^1; IMlli'M. V. :t llllll'S. W. !l) IlllIrH. Unllmiis />aiiil spit slretehes for two ami s.iiiil spit. The eiitranee to the lldlliiuis Itiriniii is a narrow opeiiiii;,' nf Imt li\ islets. Ten feet of wider >!iiinii| ;ii the narrowest p.iii of il ntr.mce. liirvvol side of r>alleii IS I l.iy li.is no inori- thin tliree f.ilhi-ins williiii three i|iiartei's of a iiHii'iil iMlxliillA I'ollit. lull .IS only sill, ill \e-Nsi'|s tr.lde here t In-y keep as close niidei Ulixliliry llirl ami I'liint as pi.ssilile in order to c.ii'ry the sninmer wind into the lau'ooii. Tl I'll' I'' one loik> spot III I'.alleliis I'liy insidi' the lile.lkeis of l»nxl>ill.\' K'eef. If lies one ■lull' siiiiili ^i\ty seven ile;;rees east i."!. (17 K.) fiitrii the easteriiiiiost e\tri'mit\ of It.illenas liliitf, iinl li.is I lull cell feet upon it with li\e and I liree ijiiarters f,itliiiiiis aroninl il : llie three I'll liom iiH'iiinl liicaki'i's of the reef are nearly one tlnrd of a iiiilc to the soiiihwest and iiorlliwesi froiii it. .Iil^t inside the entrance to llalli'liis l,a;.'Oiiii, on the west side, was the riiited .Slates Life !*iinii^ .•^i.iiioii r.alleiias. The linildin^ was Iniined in .\|iiil, I.SS."(. rill- liiiiiN olf lialli'iias r>a\ is nanieii the |tii\linr,\ IJeet" lliioy, and is descrihed under that iii'.iil. mill also niiiler the .Vjipioaches to San I'laiicisco, 'I I' ^i' I § I'Ml mil " It. ill. 11 !•* 11 il illltl|ll.l ll' i.'V.'I'.ll S|.|.|lni;;^ Il \v,|.i M.'IIM.'il iil'l. I I'l.ll \i.lll II..III 'lii-'liii'l |.;i.it i.t Viki'UMiii'h i'T|ii-ililiiiii ill |i;ii.'-:(, :iiiil ..III' 111' til.' |.iliili..r iIh' v.ih Ii'/im'/iii. lii>t ill lliis xi.iiiity ill 1*1 liy ('. nil. null. Oil till' tir'ttl 'nasi Siirvi'j rliurl llir iiiiiiir 1^ H|ii'lliil ll.iiiii'iiiiM. liii. i'.;iilil riilliMl it Kiallii (.'nve 111 l".'iii. « 192 PACIFIC COAST I'll.ur. DT'XIUTUY rolNT AM) BKKF. r i [11 I«^ ft'<\ ¥' ' ' '''Mil i 1 'f!|y| 1 . L''|iri>u<'li the Entranu*- of Sun KiiiiiciHCo Buy (frdiii tin- Itimy olF the Bar). Bailf nas Bay. lSJi»». - ■ *•--.•->• Koi'kv I'lMlll. MiMiiit 'raiiiuipitlH, V>,i;()4 I'vi't. N. i K.. 10^ iiiilcH. .sai«t?;35»ss*.3B3*-.<£S Point Kiinnta. Limn Point. NE.,7 mileH. „ ■ » r> 1 1 Point Diablo. »> ■ -• *»' fe"^ -gg WT. - g ilWJ^W W 'W '"•*-rf^*^*r.' rtv5^^^^^-^|» -*■-*• '^'j^y '''■■'""''•'' I'oin. I.iablo Cillllll'M dull'. Ali'iitiii/ Nhinil Kort Point NK. liv K..'.iniilr« Mount Piublo, m, Miili.>*, :i,S4^ fci'l. Pinnt l.oboH, HiMMiil Top NK. liy K } K., 7 uiiU line as til li'i'rl iiiiil other l'!t( .| I >(Mllllo I Niiii Diixl li:ir l-i MTV {!l(i> I1'mi"Ic into L I 'ic rock II iviicii It hears ; I'nim tile t; 'IHiirii'is iioi'ili I "I l'"iiit lie.vcs i'nmi Diixliiirv ivi'>i ii\ west (N t'l.i liiw shore. I "iiii'li hears nor l'"im lieves. !• '" «ii!im line in l'"i:il -Ilelehili;,' ' '■ wliile I ■'.'.\n in marly I iiN CIIIA III; "■■•iv\ iiuiihuest ''I'llll l;e\es ii . «"itli.-a,st yales, III till' Splill l"''i liii' re\eiii| "llll'l \.'v,,.|,s til, riN'ks.iir I he ea.s '"■•'nj-soiiihwe! '""■Ill ^,ih• of tlu! lilM-nl III,, swel HillllDlli. ' '■ ^' lllli|:llU'i W} "'■ »■ N,.« ili J'ACIFK," COAST IMI.OT. 193 ! mm tliis point wo liave tho following; heariiijjs iiiul distaiKU to important objects: I'liint lir,M-s l.inlit-lioiisc '. -t\ W. ITi iiiilcH. Scmilira-.! I'liialloii I.jmIiI limisi' S. vl'.l '*'. IH niili'H. Iiiixliiin IJi I'f lliiii\, III I'.' f;itliiiiiiH S. .ill i;. ;i; iiiilcH. rmiit Itiiiiit.i l.i^lil-licin-c S. T"- I'.. 11 tiiili'H. Wrst 1 ml rmii iJlliMiii liaiili. Mlink liiKiv in I'.J ratliiiiim S. .Ml K. T? iniloH. Wliislliiit; lliKiy nil ilii' Hal in l.'ij riillMiiiis ,S. HI K. '.•!! iiiili'8. I'oililf I'oiiif.— Vnv It'll milts 11(11 tliwunl of Diixtmry iii'ct tlio hard, rocky slioro (!ontiniios iiiilil, I'ljjli. anil prccipiloiM, lint (jnnlii I'lv mcrjii'.s into ciills, cDiisistin;;' cliit'lly ^>\' yi'liowi.sii i-.Iay 111, I -iiiii rt'.sijnj; ii|>()ii ^jianitf; ami a.s Hit' surt'at:f i.s it';;iiiarly nmliilatiii;;, witli tiif ilircction of .ilini. lit' rnifit'.s ainl valJi-ys al ri^lit auj^li-.s tt) tlii< .sliort-, tlif wfaiiii;,' action of tlii' .surf t'orins a ,,iiiiiiiuoii.s st'i'ii'.s {){' riHiml lopped. lirij;lit, vcrticiil liliill's, a\ ('ra;;'infi nt'ariy one iinndrt'd feet liiy'i, iiiil pii'scnlin^ a very notict'iiMi' featiiii' from tlic > very close upon the rock lyin;r under Doiilile Point, aiid thence eontinnes only half a mile ill ^h"ie into Drake's liay. llie rock under the elilVs ol Double Point looks like a whitish house with two tiark wiiulows niicii It liears about northeast. DUAKK'.s HAY. 1:1111 tlu> tail of Dnxbnry Heef to the western head of Point Reyes the course is west three- ■fl.wii IS north (\V. 'J N.), and the tlistance .seventeen and onelhinl miles. _ To the eastern head "I I'l.iiii lleycs the course is west by iiorlh (\V. by N.), distance fourteen ami one I hirti miles. Iroiii l»ii\luiry Point the shore is Ixild and e niip.nt, a.s alieads described, rnnniii;; iie.irly ninth 'U'^\ 1)\ west (NW. by \V.) for about ten miles, then en rvinjiH;railiially to the westward, chan^in;; I". I \u\\ shore, until it rc.iches its f,'rcatest latitude at the eiitiaiiee to the I'^slt-ro de Limaiitonr, 'Iji'li lic.ll-i liortli by east li.ilf e,is| (N. hy |;. A iv), tlislalll lliiee miles, from t he eastelli head of t'liiii iicyes. I'ldin the moutli of this e.-leio the line cni\fs to the soiithwesi ward anil southward '""iiiiiii one mile wes' o; ! ii,- eastern end of Poiiii lleycs, le.iviii;^ a Ion;;-, motlerately liifih, narrow l>"i:il ^iielilijii;; lo the l, mii the proicmjialiou of w liieii 'he bie.ikeis exleiid half a mile. Ilie while clilVs commence at the soiithwesit i ii aii;;le of the bay and continue rtiiind to ea.st- «.inl iir marly .six miles, eiiiliiifx at hi;;h while sand dunes. Tills ciiivin;,' shore line forms Drake's l!a\, which aifoids a larj^e and admirable aiichoraf^e in " ivN iiiiilhwest weather; and, liy ancliuiiiit; close in under the north side of tlie eastern end of I'l'iiit l;e\es ii . , or live fathoms, hard lioltom, liood but conlraeted aui'lior,i;ie is obtainetl in ^"iiiiii i>t ua'cs, as the .swell rollint; in from the southwest is bioken by the reef. ill Ilie splints "l" ItST'J no less than sixteen vessels were anchored here at one time. In .Vpril, '■"lii, liie ie\enue steamer Wi/nitilii ran lieliiiid the leel' in heavy southeast weather, and tliidin^ "tlici \c'>m1s tliere, anchored wilh the exlremily of the reef liearin;; e.ist-.southeast (IC.SI';,), the i'"l»^"it lliecasiern head beaiiii;,' southeast half cast (Si:. \ !•;.), anil a hi^h knolt on the riil^je '"■iiiiiii; -iimihwest half south (S\V. \ .S.). In this position, which is one ipiarter of a mile oil the ""iili s.cle iif tlie eastern point, the vessel ;;ot tour fathoms over sticky bottom. When rounding' liiiMcr the swell was very lieavy for a shmt time, but when the reef was passeil the water was Mltlnnlll. ' li- i Miiililiiiicc til p.irlM of llic ii>ast III' I'.imliiiiil Wilt lino of the n'asniis wliicli liiiliii'oil Sir rraiicis Uritlic to •I'l'l) 111- 11 ,iiii' New Alliion to iho coiinliv in .liinc, l,):',i. 1 Jll Vf i;t i i I 1 1 I I I % tj !; ■■i\ ■'■i'l u .■ «r i •>} 1 1 ■f. I 1.1 ti ■: in r 194 PAcirif COAST pii.or. V f;; M In iipproacliinK Drakt-'s Wax troiii tlu> soutlit'astwanl.ii vessel crossing tlic San Fiaiicisi'. W.u over tin' wcstt'i'ii ciul »il' tin- Four I'atlioni I'lank near, Imt outside of, the western linoy, woiilil -',ii a course west l>.v north half north (W. h\ N. >, N.). and, at four and a hall' miles, pass I)ii\!,,in Keef I'liio.v three ipiarteis of a mile on the stailmard hand in twelve fathoms. Northwaiil ui ih.ii she can apitroach the shore liiu' if necessary, heraise the ten-fathom cnrve extends o;il\ i „,iii half a mile olVshoie. and the lilleon fathom rnr\e aliont one mi le. As Drake's H iiv IS ap|piii h ii, the luittom hec'Miies solt and sticKv mud. Towards the east head of I'oint Ite.ves the smiihlm.;. decrease very (|nickl\, and in a tiistaiice of six hundred yards they ranjie from tweiiiy f.iilnMiiv over hard bottom to Ineakers. Approaching;' the l>ay Irom the westward, there is hold water dose nniler the somiIi l.iiiui I'oint IJeyes, and the cast point can he rounded just outside the breakers, which niaiK lli, h.i. If it should be so exi'cptionally smooth that it does not break nearly one half mile ea>t iVom ili,. point, round it at a little more tiian that distance on a north course: continue one-thiiil of ■,{ iml, and tlii'ii haul in under the north side of the point, Several estcros or lajiouns o|ieii into the iini th side of the bay, but tlicir ciitraiii'cs iiif \ ii i narrow and shoal. The lai;rest is lliitl.r's /,'. lie. id. The cnlr.llu-e Ir litis 1.1:^.1011 ii.is ei;,'hl IccI of water, ami is L;ciicl;iil\ iii.n |,cil by breakers on eitiier hand. Small coa>l'' ,"».>'". The axeinLTc dift'eicnce between the ("oiiccted I'-stablishmeiit nf the a. 111. aiiil \> of the ;iaine da\ is 1'' .'ill' for hiL;li water, ami (!'' Id'" for low water. These dilVeren moon's declination is ^jre.ilest, are L''','{(i" and (•'' |S"' respectively. The averai^c dill'i'iiin i- n. hei;;lit of the a. m. and p. 111. tides of the same day is nne and one tenth feet tor the liiL;li wit. i«. and two ami a hall lect foi the low w, iters. W'iicn the moon'^ dc.iiii.ition is ;;re.itesi, iIicm .|;IV. ; I'lelices are one ami one ii.ilt' led and thli'C and nilietellths feet, lespecln el\ , I'lie ,,\,'i,K<- dilfereiice of till' ln;,'her hi;;li ,111 1 tile lower low w.iteis o|' the same day is li\e and luii; Iimi'Ii- feet, and when the moon's declin.ition is ;;reatest. six and three leiiihs IVet. The lii.;!iri lh;;li tide in the t wcniy toilr hours ocim lis ulioiit Id' ."i.l " .liter ilie moon's nppi'i liaiisil, u hen ilii' .In ,, nation is soul li. The lower of the low watel s occurs about se\ en hours after the III;; her lii-!i u.ih 1. The Coast and (ieodetic .Survey Tide Tables for the I Mel lie Coast show the relation oi tin- ;iil.> of Dr. ike's I'.ay to those of San I'laiicisco under the head of Tii.al ( 'oiistants. .\t I'oint I (eyes the hi;;h w.itersare t weiily-li\e minutes earlier and two- tent lis of u iimi lnjii. 1 than at Saii I'ruicisco. Tl le secoiiilar\ astronomic, il vt.iiion ot' the Coast Sui\e\ w,i.->uii the north sii small ^Millv. live ei;;litlis o! .1 mile li.iin the cistern end ol roint Ilexes, and .iKoiil .1 ill. Ill-' ■ui,:\ I(ti above the W.I ter. Il- ,'ia| iliii'.il position i.s l..ililii.lr :I7 .V.I ;(.-, , ril. '.'<:• .11 ». ^1. I,iill;;llllili' I'.'-J • ir. ill tun.' -' It :.\' The ma;,'nctic \-,iiialion for .l.iniiai.x I. |s>!.">. i> \i\ |."<' e.is'. with a mmiIn iiicic.i>.' "' The b,i> wasrormeil\ kii.iwn a.> .Sir I'l.iii.is Dr.ike's l;,i\. This is the I'.ici lo ih ."^ ii cisco of the Spaniards as far b.ick as l."i'.t."». I 1 was eeii.iinls known bclnie ilic lime ..i \ who, h.ixiii;,' sejiiir.ited from his tender, sou^'ht her in Port l''ianciseo. aceordiii;; i ■ ^ accoiiiit. 1.1 Ml 11 imylliiii); wiis In !«• fniiinl of the Sun .liiijMnlini , hIiIiIi, in tin- Mtir I4'.l.\ liiiil, 1(\ khIiii.i 11 M ;.|i mil til.' \ 1. ■oiy. Imu .(iiil 11.1111 III.' I'liill'iiiii. 1 li.v till' (■.)\crii.>r Ol ^tiirvi'_> I In' rmi.'.l ••( ('ulil'iiiiia, 11 11 .In III. .;.l.-.;li' if .Si liiLsiioi If.Mliiyii.'/ I'.iiii.ii .1. i |iil.it .il kii'i'.vii a'liliti."*, Imt \v:it ilnn'ii .■i?»li.iii' 1:1 llii-< l.ail.ni I' il' till' wiiiil ; anil aiiinti;; iilln'ri.iii li.ianl llin .Sum Ih^ni'iH)' was llii' jiilut I'raiiriir" \ nlainm, win [piliit i.r llii' '•i)iia'lri.ii " This pilot reco;.'iii/ed the b i> as bcin^ that where he was wrecked. •r..riii. ih ■ I ill' I, 1. i'..i. l.iiii oii.iiir. .iitiT I. Il « 1... !..>' till' M. .! Il/Kc/;. til tliiH lai;iMiii itliiiiil l-ll. It ii.iniil iIh |iii'in'iit iiaiiii' Innii tin- I . S. Cia-l .Siuvry in iNiH. li'i i III et; it lnS mllmi northwMfwar.l froin Hallena-. roint. ;-'->f^C^J^: Breakpn. 90il .Vi't. |liwik.T-<. KaHtwrii I'xtri'iiilty of I'oiiil Ri>yiw llraii. Cliimiicv Kiiik, N.NW ,'■.' inilfs. I'(i);«irt>ll. Wutrr tank. l,ij;til-liiiiiw I'diiil Ue.vtM l.i;;lit-lii>iiH(' ami l'i)/- III] liivast III*- I'l ■laiirix'ii ill w I mill"- 'o Mil' v,i- I' li.i> Im'i'Ii ;)riii S.iii I'r.iiici :ii. (Si'c rt'iii.i lie li'M lliwol ( Si'. 7, issc.) 'I li'Iil't i\ ilo;:, s ilaiitiill Suiiii i):i ail nlil 'mill l.'rvcs W h llraUc's I'l, I l>lii'il \>\ till' S I il iliil ill;; siiill ill' III' iilil.iliiiii livill;; laiu'c iiiii liiltllra-I VV Mill, Jrll" till' I'lslcl'i I' ^ Il !ll>c!l ill fl - ,. > US. I h ■ ' .i\t'rai;c I I •' nii'liit sa, |l. : I ilitllill' ;! tl. '■■■■■■: iiiilil t 0| ■■! .il' 111,' IKI I I -Miiii' nis; Ml' Il IS Ihf I |6ir 11. 1- lo San l» 'III' liii'lio &.. . I |ii'i'i'i|iii iti' ■•'. ii\c jiiiii I«i Jil line ra dii I'll is pi'i'ii til. '.-! [Iiulllit ni -•il' till' !• la :i'' null' u Ui' ■li'\ai'i|. fr ■^1'- ucst « a it- '1 ii'li'n-;nr III' ' illmy: l.n isl • 'amliiu eu- ■ ■! I'iii. i < UCStl'lll Ml b.1 'ki'll ('Ml 1 l.\ a -a W.i . iMili-a^ ~ ' ;' iMloll.'.l IDV !'". i|rif f, . H hilli'.tili'l "II. Ins M- to. iiiiii i-'i',i 'ini ill', N k> ■ ' fill' III' ' .1 Calil'di I'.Arii ic coAsr iii.i>r. l\)5 Oil llh- I nil Si'iitciiilit'i', I77!*, till' Fm-iirihi iimlr I'iihIcj,'!! \ (^iiailra anclniicd in San ('rancisco |lliri'a>' III'' rn'>iilii>, :ini! In- rciimls liavin;; iiTii^'iii/cd In liis satislacluHi the I'ihtIimIi! San niiH'i^i'o ill vNliit'li ^^as lust tlii' Sun A iiijiixtiiir rioiii tin- I'll illi|iin(' isiantls, ami wliirli pint is two Dlilfs ;<> the r.isl of I'ninI iti'.VfS. I' has lii'cii a i|iirsiiiiii w lirtlici Sir I'laiiris I iraKr anriinri'il anil '■liiinnirii" liis sjiips in this lia.v Ll'iii Sill Fiaiici.xii \\^\ ; a imicIiiI \\ci;;liili;; ol t lie cn lilciiff is clear 1\ ai|\ iTsc to lis liciii;,' in the lat- III. I Sri' rriiiai ks on San I'i.iim'Im'ii ami also s Il.iiiv \ii\a;;rs ol' ilisro\ n \ ami ixploratiun on llir ii.M iliwcst foast of AimiiiM li tin I.'i.l'.t to !(l(t>;" Siipcniiti'mlmt's anniial ii'|ioil, Apiirmlix Kiv ~, l^^i'.) I'll)' Nicasio liiiiiaiis all- s.iiil In Ii.im' a liailiiion llial l>i'aki' lamlril al l)i'aki''> Hay. Ili'lrli a (jo;;, soini' piy;s, smls ol sr\rial kimis ol' ;;iaiii ; ami soinr Itisiaiits, wliirji llic natives lliltlli'l ! Soaie ol Ins men ilexei leil, all il mi Mil \k illi I lie 1 1 ilies ailiaceiil. (la an olil Spanish eliail ilieie is a little imleiilalioii of the coast line alioiit the lalitmleor I'miil h'eyes wliicli is ilesi;i'naleil •• H.ihia de S, i''raiicisco Hiak," III, ike's iiav is very niiniilelv ami accurately ilescrilieil in the Treatise on Navi;;alion pul)- li>liiil l>> llic Spaiiisli ailmiial. .lose Calirera riiiemi (ion/ales,* at Manila in IT.'tl. lie ilirecis III. It iliiMii;^ soiilli or soil I Ilea st w imis vessels anchor in the southwest aii;;le of I Iraivc's Hay, ahreast llii' III' iiin.il ion of III'' lie tell, ami they may also eiiier the esteio, on the li.inks of winch were IjMM;; lai;;(' lliimlicis of Imliins. This esteio he places "ahreast llic three wiiile clill's to the hiiiliic.isi ward, where tlieie is an e>lii,irv of the se.i which has a ;;oo(i eiilraiice without olistriic- licii" the l'',slero lamaiiloiir or Draki'Vs l'',sii'iiii. Il woiihl appeal' from his ilesci ipiimi I hat (ioii- liili V liimsclt dieu his informal loll from oilier parlies, not wilhstaihliii;; the details which lie iiiiiislii's lis. lie placed it m lal il iide :is^ , Init Ills laliliidesof I'oinis Arena, IIcM's, and Alio iiic\.i ,ivera;;e half a dc^free too lii;;li. Ill iiiellit says ( lii'.iT I that thi- •• I'ort de l.os Keyes" is a i;'oo(l one, and also that of i>on (Jas- bill III latitude lis '; lint he was only a pas';eii;:er in one of the I'hillipiiie ships and did not si;,'lit jliiii,,!-,! until the vesstd I't'ached the .Santa Harhara Islands, lie doiihtlcss was repealiii;; the ||>aiii>ii of the iiavi;;ators. roiNT iti'vrs. 1 r? m '■ If ) ' , Si K ' ' rllv-"*' ill some respects this is the most |>romiiieiit and rem irkahle headland north of Point ('oiieep- lini. ll is the iiorthucstei'ii iioint of I he I in If of I lie l''ai'allom's, and i^ (li>tiiiclly \ is: hie I'lom the lilr.iii' !■ to San P'raiicisco 1", ly. Tlie cicsi line of i lie iidLre presents an irregular, jai;;:ed outline, •Im' iii^lie-.l part alioin one foiirlli of its Iciiirth from the western extremity. Its sontliern [111' 1 piccipitoiis wall id' hard sienitie ;:iaiiite. rising l'oldl\ from the ocean, allainiii;:' an ele\a- Iti' iiw hiiiidred and iiiiieiyse\eii feel in iliice liiuidred yards, and slreti'hinj.' inaiieaily fill .'<■ \i a-t liy mii'th ami west liy south ( fl. Ii.\ N. and W. liyS.i foi- ilnce miles. This |(li' !i IS peculiar on the co.ist. .rul umiid not lie expi'if il from a eoiisidciatioii of the trend of Itli' >.~i moiintains and ol the I'lialloni'-,, which are in line northw e-t and southeast. On the |lli - ac the cape isco\eied '.villi L;rass and t.ills away leuiilarlv to .i low. mm.IuI.ii jni; neck ol" ■ ■ mile wide, (111 lip in places by esieros makiiii; in from iM'.ikc's r.ii\. When made from itli' 'linard. I'oiiif Iti'M's is r.iiseil as a loii^, moileralely hiuli islam!: Iiiit on a|)proachiiii,' it Ik' •* • \M ^twaid, it is )iroiected upon tlie in tinlains iiinniiiu' iiorlh from Mount Tamalpais. and it- I •li'i'isiics aie not so re.iddy recoMui/i'd iinhss llie ha/e i-, I.miili ple||\ dense o\er the iki ' linu kind lichiml il. In eoiiiini; from the mulliwcst the head lirst shows as a Ion-,', blue 'aiidiii:; well out from the lii;;lier I'oini IJe.Ncs i;iil;.'e.t which lies ei;:lit miles to the nortli- E cu- rl lis was om (d'tlie t'catnres noticed in the landfall liy the old Spanish iia\i^ators. >li'ru head proiects over half a mile seaward (west soiii iwcsn a." a liiL;h. narrow riduo ''on cxlieunty and sides. Noilhward of the western lieatl, the slioie liiie is low. stnii.u'ht, I li,\ a •>aiid licacli. .iml has no rocks or liidilcu daii;:ers. The eastern head stretches east- I'l • mile as a narrow, nioderalely liij;li riduc and protects the soiitlieast auchoia;^e of Drake's '!! h ! ^•' It kb ' ililislh'il .1 w.nK .111 m;i\ I'^ilhiii I'lilUl.'d " Navcn;ci.iii ispt'cii lal i v:i y prai-lir i, rmi l;i i'\iilii-,iriciii ilr :iIl;iiii. I'f mir I'Ntaii 111. IS ''11 II ,11 cut II' Ins N:ivi';;:miIi's, ciiii las i-r^lii.s iii'i'i'sanas paiii sii NriilailiTii iisn : 'I'alila ilr • 111 .Sill, ijii ailasi'l iiii'i'iiliaMii ilc S.in lln iiariliiin: v inml'i ilr iiaM'^ar pur la i;riiiiii'lria. rl i|iiailraiitr Ins si'UilS tll;r;|).|||||jril^ ; run rsiaiMpas \ li^jiiias. .Manilla, IT:il. iiini I'rani'i'si'it lii'ini'lli ('.iiri'i'l iiiailr Ills i.iiir imiii ll tli^ mill rniin Naplrs cislwanl in li'iait-'.i'.i, ami liis iniiU'l Mnnilo. was |iiil>lislii'i| at N'apli's m li'i.i'i. 1- llii- niiiiinl.iiii iia^;!' slri'liliin^ rimii I'miil li.illi'ii.ls In I'.Hiil I'liMi.ili's .iml Uimu n as llic I'lnliilla (jl'ainlo > (alil'nrniaiis. li I It li II 'i ii>(; PAcirif (MAsr I'lMU'. Hay. Tlu' li.isc df fliis luaillaii'l in \('i\ liiiiKni ami loiU.x, aiitl lnirili'iid In ria;;<« iiiiil liiii ,. 1 III' I'l.cks, lull mas lit> ImlilU a|i|iriiai'lir>|, ami t'i;:lit t'.itlioiiis, liai'd linlliim, olilaitn'il \mi|i:' '. ■ than 11 i|iiarli'r<>t° a mill' Iroiii (III' sliiii'. Oil' tlir • i^tiiii rxtn-init.v a nrt' inakivs out liall .1 iMl till- |>loliili;,Ml lull III' till' I II II II I. I I II III tliK In r I iir >i .1 lilraks lirav iIn in liail mhiIIii'I l,\ \Vi ,1 1 1. lull a ili'lilll lit' II i III* tat III nil > ran lir rai 1 lrii|i- t lir irri' ami puilil : !,. h i.s ^iMiil aiicliiii.i;:!' ill sii!itlii'a>ti'i'> aiiil rajiital |ii'iitrrti>>ii in liravv iiiirlli\M'>ti'rs, (Sit ilrsri : >: of l)iaki''s \\.\\, l>.l;;r l!".!.) Till' CliiiiiiK 1/ lii'i 1. Isli I lii> III! I III' rasliTii I'li'i' 111' tlir |iiiiiil I'lHiiiiiit; l>iaki''.i llax, ami ,i| ^ 1 Hi'par.iii'il ilirirliniii \N lirii Iti'.iriiii; iiiirtli ii>irili\M'>t. It w cstiiiiati'il to lii> Nixty t'i't>t lii;:li. Oil' till- \M'>trlll I'Mli'iiiily III' this liraillainl a ili'jilli "I Iwrhc I'atlmiiis is t'niiiiil lin.sr ;. it, rucks, ami t wiMity raiiiiiiiis \\ ithiii a iiiilr. AiuiiikI llir mhiIIu'III tari> llii> ili-|illi is i'i;.'lit I.iiim'Im rlosi- to llii> I'lirks, aiiil t wi'iity lalliniiis oiii> iiiili' nil' slmri-. In iiiii> ami a liall' tiiili'> lln- li r latlioni pl.iti'aii is n-ariii'il, aiil. wiili ^.'lailiiil iiii'iiMsi- In llir sniitliwanl, it rnriiis pait.' 11,. ;:iiMt iilatt-aii III' llii'tliiir III' ilii' I'.iialliiiii's. NiiH'li'i'ii mill's \M'>t li\ siHiili liair mumIi i W. Iiy S, '. S 1 rnnii ilii- wi'-ilrin lirail i>[' I'niiit l.'i \' ■ Ill's tllf ('iilili'li ll.lllk w illi MHiiiiliii:;'^ III' t w rlil,\ li\ ■' l.il lliillis i||iiin ll ; liii; lilt wi'i'li llir li ' .1 .ih,; till' liaiik till* \N atri'ilri'|iriis ;;i ailii.iil.s til a' II lilt mm \ li\'i' lai liniiis at tliii Iitii iiiiIi-s nvrr a lini''i:ii ./ Milt. j;irrii iiiiiil ; ami t lii'ii tin' ilrplli ilrri ra^rs iimt a liiil tmii iil' maiM' .xami ami Inn km >li. - Tliis suit ^'irrii iiiii'l is a ili^t 111''! iM' li'at iiif nl' t In' snnii'lniu's lii'iiiT to till' iiinllnsaiil I'l ~ pci'iiliaiity t'NtrmU Mintliwanl III' till' hi'.iil hhIn to a liiii' livi' miirs luii^ mi a soiiliiui^i imih-, ami soiilli III' tliat llir li.iiiniii is ^'I'lii'i.iJIs haiil iir snl'i n\.{\ sainl. N'i'.-M'ls I'riiiii till' mu'tliw .ml, Itiinml to Sm l-'ianri-ir i, alw.iys t'lnli'.ivor to iiiakr I'liiiil l^•.l. ami if till' wralliiT l>i' clr.ir, tliry m;;IiI. lutwi'cn tlic lii;;li inlyi'iif Mount 'r.iiiialpais m l.i'i!. Mom I tain to tin* r.isl anil Montaia ^llllllll liii In I In' sontlicaslwai'il, two iiioiiiitaiiis on tlir mm: Hum, ii,:iM-i pi'iiiiisiila of San l''faiii'isco tli.it i^limls, Oiii' ol' tlicst' is IMiii' Miiiiiitaiii, till' i part of till' III. !>•; known as tin- Mis^inii Hills, iiini' liiiinliiil 'ami twrlily Iri't alio\ i' tin' .•>i .1, .i:.<; till' otlirr is Alilii'v Mill, till' lii;,'lii'st p.iil of tlir San liiiitio Mountain, tliii'tct'ii liniiilttil ami twi'ntv livr I'rrt liiull. rm.M' lii'.vr.s i niiti iim si'-. Till' tower lor this li;:lit stainls mi tlir wi'sti'inniost pitrli of I'oiiit liryi's, ami as low iI.hi as pi.irliiM'ih' III oiilrr In III' iimli'r siiiii' n| till' |'ii;;> an il also that it iiia\ lir \ imIiJi I'lmn il iii t'a.stw.iril ami tlir iiorthwarl. It is .m iron Iovm'i-, tlir li iistiiin of a hi\trrii snlnl |i,\ liiiiiiil t wi'litythii-r t'irt in hi'i;;lit, ami piiiiti'il whitr. 'I'Ih' top ol' tin' I. intern is pailitiil leil, aiiil tliili' is liii open irmi liiliisi raili' aioiiml 1 hi' lower |i.irt painleil lil.n-k ; also an oprii l>,iliisti.ii|i' .iim; 'I the upper part ol' I he tnuer p,iin:i'i| hhnU The iliiiiiiiiiatin^' app,ii.ilii> is nf tlie lii>l miln n| iln' system of l''ie.--ni'l; it was liist exlnlnii'il Ueciinln'r 1, IsTlt. ami .shows fimn .sunsel In siiihim- .1 .short irliilr tUtsli III ri/ tin HKintdx. Tin. Imal pi.ine is two liiiinlieil ami ninel \ six feet alin\ 1 tfe iiii'iii level of the sea, ami the li^ht slioiiM lie \ isilih' III a l.i\ nr.ilile stale of the atliiosphrie Ihin .1 liei;;lit of — III ti'it .It a ilisliiiiii' III ■.>;i.| iiiili-N. '.'II I'll I at a ilisl.iiiir iif '.').'.) liiili'H. :ill t'i'i'l al a ilistaiii'i' nf '.'I'.e iiiili'K. till lilt at .1 ilislaii' r 'f •»'- li iiiilri. From a sliip'.s ileik it is vi.silile from the W'hisilin;; I'.nny ntV .s.m I'ramiseo r.,ir. e.ist (.N.l>> i:.) thriiilj:li the ui~l t.i I'.i-i T le emilji.iss r.lti;ji' 1 if \ isilijlii \ Is Irmn nni t li ll .Atl'llil.l j half lioltll ( 1;. iJ N.„ SO that a vessel sees it alnn;; lliesonlli I, lee nf till' heaillailil aii'l '^'1 III' CXtrellie poilil ; ami also sees it t'rnill the lieaeli illillli ili,ltel_\ to the liollhwaiil. The are of visiliilitN of the li;;ill is l-iiiiliil |i\ the near roek\ parts nf the heail from N. I'')' 1'^ on the north liearh, ili.siant tvsoaiiila third miles, aimiml liy tin iinrili iind east III N. ^11* l\. al.iii;,' the smith f.iee of the head. The keeper's dwelling' is a while struetiire, t ivo hundred and lil'leeli feel lii^jher ll of the li;;lil liAier, and mi the in ill h face of the pnint. l.MI ll.i IM.'-l The j;«'o;{rapliieal iio.sitioii of the Li^ht house, as deteriiiiiied liy the Coast and (1 vev, IS : l.alilnili' ii; ,'.! :ir, iiMiil. 1,1'nyillllll' |-j:i I'l '.'I VM•^l Or, ill IJMlr I'."" II.,. 1 The niii^netii; variation for .laiiuary, lH ( n \fi II » ■;>' ■' 1 ■V fl I ' » ; fi'I ■> ■ 'i ■ r "A 1, »•■■■■ 1 ) " ^1 ;* . • ' ' \ A p ' ^ 1 , 1 >i' 1 jsif ■ i ' if i 1 Sontlipaiit Karalloii I.itlit-lioimo, N\V. Iiy W. ] \V..rMirTmiltiH. SiiiitliiaHl Kar.illdii Lit^lillmiiHc. SK, } S .'.'J imli' I'miii til I Dii Wli Siiii Nor N.H liixl I'lli II 7n7.' /.V s". : i:., (list m h» The f'o^ s III llir \VC>|('r mull I'll t'cfl Inning fi [ti iiiils of ite \ i'>si'ls r Mini li'i'vcs. I'.rili Hi! 1 liulit III ill^'-l.lll rorV) II i:ii-li>li I'll 1 Ins licaii ii'li' iliiy ill It UM.-i lie ISft'l II |MI|llt II' II, mil' n.v. <'i the I' llijlislilll , wii iliiiiiil .lose II not lie 1111.- iii lull i|fj,q't ll'llinli (ii I rniiidll.sJN t'S Mill iinl li_v I linl;i\'.s el ' urn lit oi II. llilrti'cii nh SK. A > 1 rr.luc \Vi I' "I Illll III' IM'Cl.sjdl ill"!'- Mild I'N nil, ,i.s oI'niu H''' suiith Vii ^. lies III' fll' Ulilllp w l"l SI'VCII 'iillifriiii pi I ii' wide li'i .1-^ .shore |ii';iks, I '■i,-;iil-liiiiiMi ^?^ I'Aciiic coAsr I'li.nr. 197 I'roin llio Lifjlit lioiisc we Imvc the fiillowiii;;' lifiiiiii;;s anil distances to prominent objects: Piixlimj I.'n r lliiiiv . Ill Iv; ralliiiiiiH S. T',4 !•;. H milcH. rniiil I! IH l.ij;lil lion«c S. H'J K. W milos. Wliislliiij,' Itiiiiy, in l."i I iilniiiis inilsiilr San I'lani .mh ll:ir S. I'.Tt 1",. W-.'t iiiilcn. SiinlhiM^t I'.iralliiii 1 i-lillicmMP S. 'JO K. IT"; iiiili'H. N(irlli«rsirniiiiii>i ui ilic> Ni.i 111 I'ar.illiinrH Soiitli II mi lex. NiMinila.v IvcmK. Maiiiiihitli liiioy H. I'.'J W. II milcH. II.mI. -a ll.a,l N. 'Jv \V. l-i inili'*. rniiil Anna l.i'ilil I ir N\V. } W. {,' milrs. White /.'(xA- ()//■ TomnlcH. — Fniin Point IJeyes Lifjlit the While IJoek oil' Toinales I'oint bcara ; i:., distant Ibiiiteen miles. rolM' IJKYKS I'(Hi SKiNAI.. Tiie lb;; si;;nal bnildm;; and out liiiiidin;;s are painted white, and are sitnated on a small space III till' western pitch of I'uint IJevesone liuiidred and si\tvli\f teet aluive tiie sea, and altont oius niiiiicd t'eet lieiow llie l.i;;lithonse. I'm in;; loirui "eatlicr a sli'am to;; sii'en is sonnded liy hlnsts of fire .scconils' (htratuni irilh In I ills i)f sfrcHljl sil'iillils. \ I'ssels report thai llie\ lose the soniid of the siren when close under the shore northward of ■eiiil Itcves. the liiilish Adiniialtv cliail of the I'acilic Coast, No. I'ldl. wiih corrections to March, 1805, Bit ! iiulil on Point IJe>es mai Ucd l,t. I'l. (tlasliin;; li^lit) l"'t'ore one u as estaiilished tiiere. The ,11-.^!, Ill corvette \iiriil,- was wreclicd two miles north of Point l.'cves in ha\ in;; lieeii misled .»y II l!iii:lisii chart wliicli had a Ii;;ht marked on this head. 1 Ills headland was seen liv Calnillo in NiPM'inlier, l.">t'J. but not named; he beat about one •linir day in I In- ;: real y;nlf under its lee. (See note on the name ( !ulf ol the l''arallones.) 1 1 1 was in\t seen by Sir FraiuM.s Drake in .lune, loT'.t, when he anchored in the bay under the istilii point tor seven weeks. riie name Piiiila de los Iteycs was ;;iveii to the headland by X'izcaiiio, who aiichoreil in Drake's iiv.iii thr I'.slcro de I.imantoiii'. in .lannary. Kid.i, whilst sc.ircliin;; foi' the wreck of the Siui ii;/'(v;i»(. which was wrecked in this vicinity in l."!!)."!. It was more particularly described by liihial .lose ( 'abicra liiicno ( Ion/ lies in IT^it, who |ilaced it in lalitmlc .'ISJ, . His description II iHil be mistaken, and as he ;;i ves the lal it iides of otlicr headlands on the coast only to de;;rees 1(1 liilf de;;rei's, and as tiie average error is lort> minnlcs loo ;:ical,\\e are alile to apply this rn'riicpii to Point iteyes. (See notes in Drake's Pay and The I'aralloiie.s.) .Mi;;uel Coiisiaiizo iiiriiii.sly estimated its distance fiom Mont.ira Point and placed it in .'>7 It'. 'I'lie name iias been iiriied by iiavi;;atois to its present I'oriii, Point ileves, liniay's cliai t, in bsp.i, calls Point Ilexes Point It'eirrs. ( urn lit <)[)' I'oint /I'l //c.s. — In .lune. IS.MI, while we were occu|)yin;; the station on Point Reyes jl. lliilteeii liumliedaiid ei;;lil.\ nine led hi;;li, and ci;;lit and ihieclilths miles noiilieast lialt' III ('SI'.. A N.I from Poinl l!c.\cs lie. id, we observed diiiiny; a loiiu. perfect calm, a itark. Iiaviii); >!ieiaue wa.\ and liiiiiin;,' round several times, dull to the noitlivvaid |>ast Point itcves al the fill 1)111' mile per lioiir. She was two miles in the westward of ihe head. On this :iiid subse- u. occasions we noticed tlie discolored water of the Saciaiiuiito ifoiii San Francisco jJa.v close iii'ii' ,iiid eNteiidin;; lo the norlhvvard of the head several miles. Dillerelit de;;rees of discolor- Ml, as of successive ebb tides, were plainl.v marked. ■,^y 'S I ,1 ■nir. sdiriiKAsr rAUAi.i.oN. The soiilheasterii and iirineipal one of the six rocky islets, known as the luinilli>iii'n ile lii.s fill' ^. lies III) the liolileii iiate at a distance ot twcuiv liiieemilcs. |i is the lar;;i'st and lii;;liesl III' ^loiip wliieli is disposed ina;;eneial w esl inul liwest and east southeast direction ( N. (i."i ' I'l seven miles; and if we include the NoiOiday Pock the distam c is nine and a half miles. In ^'iitlieriiino^^t islet is three ipiarters of a mile lone in its lone, ., s| direciioii, and threellltli.s ■I li ie wide al its greatest breadlh. 'i'lils does not include half a do/en liieii rocky islets elos« m ts sliores. Its e,.||,.|';il dircclKUi is west liv south (W. by S.), and it is marked bv several B.'" peaks, althoiieji tjirei' piiiieipal ones command the rest. The principal peak, iijioii vvliieli jki. Ill house is situated, att:tins :in elevalioii of three liiindred and forty t'eet ; whilst under it ! M t 198 PACinc coAsr I'li.nr. m ill' 111! llu< sDiitlKM'ii slioro tlio island is only clcxMlcil tliirtv O'ct iiIkivc tlii> son. Tlic wliolc isl;i; ,| . siii;;iil;irly wild, bin rcii. nnd ilcsolnic, niid iiicscnts ii> llic t'xc a mass ul' In'okci, ia^;;;(' i |m , wliicli nil V('y;t'lation exists cxci'iit a few stnMtc(l weeds. The ineks are si-ai|>, ani^nlar in l^^, ^ wliieli, beeoniin}; detaelied t>v the npeiat ions of natnfal causes, roll down njioii the more l.\il ]iarts of (he islet ami cover it w itii irieunlar liowlders. Not withstand: nj; that it is the oniei.;. ..| an imnu'iise dike of jzfanite. the condition of the sniierlicial jiarts is sneh that it conld It - ;. rated into small iVairnicnts liv a pick or crow- liar. It is the mo>it desolate islaml on the i ,, althonfih the lionu' and hrcediiii; place of vast iiiimlicrs of sea limis and myriads of m;i , - The sea lions are ]iroteeted by law, as the islet is within the limits of the city and coiint.\ ci > rrancisco, luit the complete control of the island is held li.\ the I,i;;ht house Kn;;im'er, and i m'. ••an not land on the i^ ami without his permit. The ^ralhcriii},' of sea I'owl c};^'s ami tlie killii _ . sea lions are not jieiinitted. The priiM'ipal peak on this i^land is near the mnlheasi ]ioint ; norlhniM tliwest ( N. N'W . '■ - this peak IS the N»;/iic l.mit' A'ik'/,. uhicli is a rounded, almost MMtical. rocky islet, inMi i ' hniidrcd fei-t above the sea, with its summit ;;cneially whitcneil by the deposit of biicN. I,, Miiiiil'>ji is the pe.ik at the western part of the isl.ind. and is two hundred and thirty Ice! i'- the sea. Tlii> maiiilnp ])art is in rcalitx separati'd fnnn the eastern ]iart of the island by a n i ; rock\ t,'or;;e cut throii;;li I'rom north to south, but impassable to lioats. The mnth side . : i :- islaml is liordcred by six small rocky islets, or rocks. Ininched touethci' with the Sn;;.ii 1 ■ fai tiler mil til. but only ihiie luindicil yards fiii'ii the main island. 'I'liesc rocky isltts fmi: " the island sleire h'isln riniiiif>' Ciiri, alioiit one Iruidrcd ami twenty yards in extent, with ; -k\ bottom amliora^ie in ei;:lit fathoms wlicic tin' li;,'ht house tender lies to dischai;,'e her siioj.' . -. «>tc., and where the tishcinieii and the c;r^' liiinters formerly resorted. There is a mooriii;; li eijiht fathoms lui the li^ilit hi'iise steamer in this lia.\ to which she makes fast. In the soii!!i | :; ol' this co\c is the \ ci \ cniii acted \"itli l.iniiliini \Mlli a shell bi'acli at its head. The rm K- : foiincil> existed at the iiionih ot' this Limliiii,' place ha\c been blasted away, and it is c excellent bi.ahjii;; |il.i(c. .\ ihiiiik on the \vc>t side is Used to hoist the supplies from tin Soiiietiines landinu can imt i>e had here for a month. On the east side of the islaml is a lonu. narrow cut opening' to tlic southeast w here lii!'; ; . is sonictiiiiis I ifcctcd. It is know II as the I'.tist l.iiiiiliiui. .Iiisi northeast of the .Maintop is I'.ii il^ ■ Cove uilh a biMi'h at its head : lait landili;,' can tiot be hid here. ( >tV the southeast snli ■ island, a be lilt one hniidicd and ei;;hty \ i ids. lies Si al A'dc/,. one liiindrcd lect in eh'\ at ion ,ii;ii • i" hnmlrcil \aids Imi;:. The sonthwesteinmost point of the island i> known a> Indian Head Im'I; i fancied rcsembl.ince in an linli an lyiii;; down. In ver\ lica\y >iiiitlicasi weather the sna lireaks with the wildest I'liiy and at limes in'- ■ ;;real \iilnuii-> li.ilt wa\ up the ."^n-ai I. oat. whilst thespias occasinnally ;;ocs ijiiitc o\t i 1 1 ■ lln;:c s.iw lo^'s liavi- been found cast on the rocks thirty feel abo\c hi;;li water alter such ■ : ■ \'css(ls tiiiin the westw.ird riiniiiiij,' for tin- (odileii tiate in ),'o(id wfatlicr should Kci | ' ■ soiitliwaid 'it' tlic isl.ind. p.issiiiL; it within the distam f a mile in not less th.in tui f.ithiiins ot water, and ii two miles in forty f.ithoms. \essels may also safel\ pass iiiid» .. •• l Iwei II the ."^onthiast and the Middle I'aialloii ill ci^^hteeii tatlionis.oi inidwa\ between the N ■;■ ■ i; and the Nmth I'.iiallniics in tliirtv six lathoiiis; Imt the more prudent conise is inkcri :•■■ ' sou ill ward uf the .Siiuthi.ist I'ai.i'lon, .\t ni;;hl .ind in thick weal her \ cssels should ahva\ ~ .:" :•' the SI lilt liw aid III the Island. I'm other infnrmatioi; on this siib|cct see the Sailiii;,' 1 (ircci •■ i- ' r appliMclilll;^ Iheeiiast in Ihnk weather. p.l;;es JI'J- '_'!."). The islands are fieipieiitl\ enveloped in liiy. and, therefore, in ap|iroacliin^; tliein >:, -ii' i weather the utmost imh' and \ i;;ilaiicc miisi be observed, the mole espcciall.v as I he pccii!,.iiiii'« lit' the 1 ,111 ciliielits III the Vhiiiilv li.ivc liiit been detcrillitied. A feu miles West vv. lid •: !;•' ishind the currents h.ive been full ml i iiiinin;; to the south ward even a;;.iiiist li;.;lit soiitlii i ! /><(»(/(;■<. — Till- .Middli' l''.iiallon in.iv be cnnsjchi ,.,| ciijc lit the il.ili;;c|s in the apppM' Southeast I', iralliiii. It lies iioi tliwest bv north ( N W. by N. j I w ii and one ipiai ler miles liuu iw Ll;:llt hiiilse on the ,Siinthe,|s| I'.iialliill, and the deplh bet ween llicm is alnpllt eiuliteeli I'Mi"!' ov er a llio.lel ,ltelv linit'nllii In it t'" K lire !■ \ I ! lti'i-;i ..| ]h' ■• i. SC.'I l"W I V (H S.r ml l>i.v< iilllDl^n: W. !:m; (Is. 'lllr •ft ;il"H.' I 11:11 1"V, nil' I'l lili iiitv i,.M; 'iirii! ";:', h a inrkv Sll|i|i'!r», ^ llllii\ ;li until I'l!" is I!-" , llii •-■•. V l:iiM,;. I'.ii.ik.'- i I ■' :! M<."1] 1 ,111'! '■'>" Mil !t"'" I r till ii'i'. Il SiHlJi,., i,|" I- :- t MM.:.' M'|l III till' 11' .illl|.-«| II, I .1 111. 1, . .1,,:. , I.'-; I III' Il ill W.I) nil .iii.iii is*i. ;'i I u *^ I. .iWiJMkjuaJwMsa caiiLaBitTimmTfTnBi i iT i r i r ii a i Tri i im- N'lirlli riiralli.iwM. N\V l.v W. J \V..-, iiiilo Arch. SoiitbeaHt Fiiralliiii Light-liousi!, N\V. 2J miles. j>:^- ''^m^^ Hi.Hl I.HhiljnU >iiiit htvi.st I'rtrrt!!'"! l-i^;!:! imiHi-. S. ^ rmlt- ^iiib- .^. -i<-«i^j /"'.^■■:*x -..'*/ '''A"''fc .„.^\ \ 1 ' 'i \ %' i- ♦ |il .'' w ■'1 ' 1 I I : V Wl ■■ I .1 I Middli' KaraUiin. NK. i N.,'.' mile«. Ki>K iiiHide. Southi'ant Kuralloii I,i){litli, III' Mllll llWI'Sl i\ii liiiiiiiri'il \ \l\ viinls s(|i It is iilsii I I-. lll'I'II St't'll UMl to lllCllK I as litlli' wiiiil riiis iiiiii;,' »mI « ill r;ii( lit III iiMiiil il lii'ii till' Miili II !■ Ill III' srt'l 111 I lie \\r rt\liM' t'Mtl ili'>; dill' tliii liiilrcil aiiil I I III till' isliiiii iiliiii ;i iiiilc, ilis; lIu'IH'C I'or il('('|i s till' isiaiiil s< rill' cxtt'iii ii\iy li:is !)('( iliiaccs till' r '"lips, vU'.. Sl'M'I'llI I'll Dili' III' III! Till' >liiii / t. '['Ill' .slii| 11^ Inst nil tilt I'iilrs at th III' nf till' M, Vati'st ;iliil I) •S|ilillt; ti(li'> :ii';uiiiii III' I Ik liiiil till :'iii ilii' piilili- •'111 ;ii tlli> I'";: lii'A watrr; i I'i'A wati'i'. ■"^111 I''riiii('i,> Till' stnii'l MI' its iKii'tlic rArifir (uAsi ril.di. l!)!l fiiiii MtlidiiiM ii|ii)ii it, li:iH lint lii't'ii riiiiinl. lint, ii|iiiii till' lii-iirint; anil iiiiulr of ili'|it'<'s.sinii ;;i\i>ii ii\ iiii' l.i;:lit Uir|ii'i' r*ir lliin lui'iiK, a imk with Ww ('iitliniiis ii|miii it waH Incatnl iit'ai' tlii' Miililln f.ll lilnl'. Sit |iil;;r '-'Hi. Illlist Sliiiitl nil' III! Siilillinist /•'(0•((/^l/l. — This is i| shiKll, liirU.N >)M)I niV thi' .siilll iiiilst pait III" kill' I l.lll'l :lllil aliiillt on thr lilii' i>r Ihr liltri'll rallinlii rlllA I'. Il lii'S |i\ r rj^'hths iil' a mill' siMllh k|'i\ .|r).'irrs cast {SV.. \ \',) rnnii llii' l.i;^lit Ihiiim' mi tlii' i-iin il ii ii';.'iilai' ilrpths iif L\ I" ti'li latlinllis oMT a liiilliiin III' rural, lii'iiki'ii slirlls, anil lurks. On tin' mitsiili' it ili'r|ii'iis (;i|. .|l\ to sixti'i'ii ami *'i^'ht<'i>ii riithmiis, ami mi tin- iiiNiili> to thlrti'in ainl itii'i'ii t'athmiis, 'riii* li.iiiM'HT III' III!' patrli within thf trii ratlimn riii\r In aliniil lil'lv .\arils ami tin- sliaiir iifailv liiiiii r. Till' sra Itti'aks ii|iiiii this M|Mit milv in cxrriitiiMi.iJIs lirav.v wratln'i wlim a lar;.'r swell \u>\ i Miillirtiiii; riii'ii'iits i'iiiis|iiii'. Mil' I.ik'l't hiiiisc l»i'i'|ii'r III' thr Siinthi-ast I''aiallmi Liylil ri'imrts that iliirin;.' tin' wlmli' iif biTi iiilii'i' 2li, ISS.S, thf swrll lii'iiKi' ii|iiiii till' lliirst Slinal at iiiln \ als ul' tliii-t' to tin niiiiiitt's. Ti. -uiitliwi'st winij was liiflit anil tin' swi'll rami' I'idmi thr wi'stwanl, 'I'lir liirakiT tan I'm' aliuiit [\ • 'iiiiiili'i'ii ,\arils, thru r\|irmli'il ilsi'll' in wliiti' watrr, wlnrli sliownt as an ari'a iil' I'liani lilty to \i> v.iiils si(iiari'. 'I'his is tin' si'ioiiil liiiii' siiiri' ,liil\. IHss, |||;|| iIh' shoal has shown a lirrak. I' is also M'|Hiiti'il li.\ sdiiii' 111' till' l swrll troiii thr wi'stwanl when tlier*' IS Mile wiinl. This ilaii;;!'! was lirst lepmleil in l"<7."i, ami the loeaiitv siilisi'iiiiently evainineil in iletiiil. .\ sM'l will raiel.v approaeh mi elose to the islanil except iininteiit ioiiall> in tliii'k or to;,';,'\ weather; It III avoiil it ilo not approarh the ishiinl tinin Hf soiilhw aril w illiiii tliiee ipiarlers of a mile Im'ii the Miihlle {''arallmi is .shut in liehiml the Smitheast l''ai.iiioii, \\ henever the .Miilillc I''a!'al- II !• in he seen on eiilier siile of the Southeast {''arallmi there is no known il,iii;;i'r, I'll the wesiwai'il of the .Southeast l''.iralloii a ileplli of tliiriN I'.iihmns is t'oiiml at one mile, t, ilM' fathoms at two niili's. tifly fat''oins at three miles, ami two hiimlreil falhoins at live ill- : one thoiisaiiil ami lifleeii fathoms is the ilejith at tweiit.\ two miles, ami one thoiisaml seven 111 ami t weiilv si\ tathoiiis at t weiity ei;,'lil miles, the latter son ml iii^^ west south west i WSW.) I III the islainl. To the iiorthwai'il.eastwaril, ami smitheasiw anl the ileptli is tweiitv-live fathoms r!i II a mile, ami theiiee inereases very re^riilarly .itiil slowlv to thirty fathoms at three to four il' ^; Ihi'iiee towarils the laiiil it ileereases \ery ri';,'iilaily up to the l!ar ol' San I'^raneisen, I'ur ileep sea soniiilinus oil the (iiilf of the l''arallmies see pa;,'e Hi.!; ami for the approaches til.' islanil sec Sailin^j directions. riie extemlcil ami ili'taileil examination aiotiml the islami hy the 1. S, Coast ami (leoilctit' iiAiV has lieeii piildisheil ,iii the ;;i'iii'ial chart of the approai'lies to San l''iamisi'o. This chiirt iii'iai'cs the coast from Koilena lleail to Point I'lnos, ami };iM'S the siirioiimlin^^s of the l''arall()ii ■"lips, etc. SeM'ial characteristic views arc ))iililislieil herewith. ( »i I' the S.iii l'"raiii'isi'o pilot Imats cruises oil the islami. Ilie ship /,HC(ix wa.s wreckeil on this islami in a foj; NovemlierO, IS,"iS, ami twciity-tlircc lives ^I. The ship Franronid was lost in lircakcr t'ove {northwest shore) in is.sn, ami the ship Hreiiivn is lost oil the south shore ilireclly iimler the Ko-; whistle in ls,S:i. I'iilt.i tit thr Siiiitlmmt Ftiiiilliin.—T\n' ('orrecteil I'lstalilishmeiit, or mean interval lietweeii the '111' of the Moon's transit ami the time of lli.uli Water, is X'' .'{7'", ami the ililVeience lietween the iiNst ami least inteiNals is I'' Iti'". The ii can rise anil fall of tiiles is three ami six-tenths feet; si'iiii;; tiiles four ami four tenths feet ; ami of neap titles two ami rijihlUiilhs feet. The mean .11.1 of the llooil is •;'' l.S". anil of the chli (I'KH". I " timl the limes of lii;;h ami low waters, first rompiile them for San l''raiici.-;eo, or take them nil the piihlisheil tide tallies, ami then to these iiiiiiilieis appl,\ the follow in;,' corrections to reiliice I'll! Ill the laiallon : Siililiact 1" L'7'" for the time of liii;li water, ami siilitracl I'' <»."i'" tor the time water; aihl one- tenth of a foot for lieiyht of liijih water, ami aihl one ten III of a loot for hei^iht ' water. This will ;,'ive about one hour for the march of the title I'loiii the islami to tlu' liar I Krauci.si'o. IIIK .SUITIIKAST I'AHAI-LiiN I.tlillT-IIUfSK. 'lie structure is a lower, the friistiiiii of a cone, slamliny; on the lii;;liest ])eak of the ishiml lar its northeast shore. It is Imilt of lirick, seventeen feet in height, ami is siirmouiitetl by ii II it,' ki ■'*>^- il ' '^Vll ! : i 200 rAC'iiMc I'oAsi' ni.oi'. Ill laiitorii piiintcil rod, of wliicli the ccntiT is twciiiy iiiiu' foct alxivo tlio base of llic to\vt>r. li., i, is ail iron liahisttailt' just under liu' gallery around liii> lantern. 'I'lie illiiiiiiiiatin;; a|>])araliiN . ni till' tiist oi'der of tlie system of l'"resnel. It was estalilislied in lS,"»,"i, aiiij from siiiisei to sum r w t'xliil)ils (f nrolrinij icliitc liijlit shoiciiiii a ihiiIhiiiikI Jliiuli of 'l.i;iui the atmosphere fiom a heij^hl of — 111 fi'cl at a (list. OH I- iil'v;.'.. 1 iiiil.'s. '.'II fret at a (lislaiur uf 'Jil.',! iinlcs. W fi'i't at a clistanir nl'J-.l inili's. ('ill I'li't at a dislaiiii' "C I'.H.T iiiili'H. It is visible from the deck of a vessel in the (loldeii (late. y X near dist.inces. under fa\oiable eireiimstanees. the li;^lit w ill not wholly (lisa|i)ieai In ; .. , , the intervals of uiealesl biij;litness. It is plainly visible fiom Station .Sul|i|iiir I'eaU, i| sixty loiir and four tenths miles, and lliiity four hundred and seventy one feel above the sr.i The i^eo^'raphieal position of tlu' l,ij;ht house, as determiiutl by the ("oast and (ii. Survty. is : l.atiliiil." :1T 11 r.l .1 iicirlli. .nil l.i'n;;itiiili' . (li. Ill Iniii' I'.'il nil n: .11 wcHt. l-,>ii nil-. The ma^Mietie variatioi was Id III' east in .laniiaiv. IS.'^ri, with a ye irly increase of o i The bearings and distances to prominent objects from the !a<:ht'liouse are as follows . I'oint .Vti'iia Li-xlit li H.MlrKi> II.M.l I'liilit hV.M s l,ij;!it-lii N< lav K'.xk lirll I I'lir Ncirlli h aralliiin Tlir Midillr laialliii I'oilll II 11 l.l;.'iit-l Fort I'.Miit l.i;;lil-li. Wlilstlim; Hiiii.v, ill I'liiut .M'liiiaia I'll''. N 'jii w N. \v lll«>V \ \v s N. i>ii w \ vv IllMlsc .. N. N I'l -. > . i:. 1' 1.' latli.. \\ lllstlt' . IIS oil' S.lll I'l. II. IS,,, liar N. s. K. K K! miles. M't III I Irs. ITJ llllll'H. '.li Illill'.S. iliHi, niilrs. ''i mi Irs. •>';!■, liiilc-s. •.'■>;, mill's. Iii; mills. ".'Ij null's. UV II i'(i(i siuN.vi. (i.N riir. sm iiii:.\sT I'Wk.m.i.on. A lirsf class steam siren or toy; vvhistle vva> placid on the southeast part of the ."sr Karalloii on September 'JO, ls,S(i. It is lociled i ii the lov and iiiodeiatelv llat pari of tin and in two hundred and seventv live vaids smiili ii-htv t Wo ile;;iees east I S. .SU !■:.« II !.i;;ht III. Use. Water .shed. co;il shed, and cist ei lis. pail, ii'd w hit e. stand belli in I It. The sit ei, abiiiit foitv livt feet above the sea. and diiiiii^ thick and fon,'\ weather souiiiis lilasis sunn r/.\ iliirnt'iiii nt 1111(11 Ills III' imtii lit 1/ fift sun mis The lii;^h. rocky pait of the isl.ijnl extends romid from iioitli forty di'jjrees east i N, by the wi'.t to soillli seventv two ile;:iees west i .S, 7' W. ). ;ii il it j.s diuibl fill if t he w In be lieard bivoiid lliese lii;;li loik.v pe.iUs and llil;:es, espeeiallv as t l.ev ;ire to w indw.il il the prevaiilnt: liullliwest winds. The only exccplioiis aie the three li.iriow bieiiKs h ;i lireaker Cove, and two f.'ulclies which lie west by south ( W. b_v S.i fioia the .station ; thioiij: naps the whistle has been heard three miles. On the south and east it is possible lli.il i Ulick, one liiiiidieil feet liii.'li. may soiiiewliat iiiteriii|it the sound troiii soul li to south s,., (S. io SSi:.) We have no authentic reports of the distance at w liicli the w lii.stle c:in be heard : ah is such vaiiabiliiv ol distance under apparel tlv similar atmi»|iheri(; eoiidilions that it v- dlllii'iill to li\ .iiiv liiiiit. 1( should be 111 itei I ili.it the fo;r- whistle ot l.'s.'i'.t. operated by wave action, was repotted ih by the waves alter bsTI. Tin; MIKDI.i: I'AItAI.I.ON. This is ;i sin;;le bi.ick rock, between fifty and si\ty vards in diameter and risiti;; twi) feet above the water, il lies iiiiith lill.v seven and a half dcn;iees west (N. ."tT^ W.i. noi ^t^ .!. ' J 111 I im H i 1 it? i 1 f ! i ; - cJjT M t ."Hi 1 uj. iiii mtf^ 118 feet. N.tV)^ '.v., 1 mile. '.•1 feet. !.'>;■> fi-et. lOrt fwt TUi' Norlli KariilliiiU'N, N.4Ii'- W'., < niili- •24 lect llR fwt. T1)K Nnrtliwesteru IhIpI, N.T Cd. slant i milt-. riio Niirlli Farallcmih n m n ^ i j-uu ■--jf ■-■ 1 ■ J ? '' ' Mmail : jii tatliuin>i. riiu .SiiMi.i'iinii'i II i;r(>n|i. in'ri'ttt. i.i'> i Ill I -I — -frnt'tjif TTtl ■m mrf$i i ! i ^ ^i^-:-jmri?%',''& ^TTff%^^^ : ^T lOrt fwt li FaralliiiU'N, N.4Ii'- W'., i mili- KreaUnr. •Jl (i>.'t. N.;iu' V'.' N.v;.-) vv. E?Ct's5«w., U!f? 1. i II' ^SWfr*'-^ natiiBni. jiiii'w - Tli« Niirlli Farallcinih. il|i(ir l'iti<8aK<', r ? Anii'i II i;ri>ii|i. lo-li'Kt, l.i.'i Imil.. yi tijel. li ij U f s f i '»5^ I J i in I r { JS i: .1 si" Nl'id \V., I ■J'l Iff! 'Ill viiiils Willi-, Tlir No t J E^^gsgc" *! ■ s^ajrasssosrw*- lli'u;iil : 'jii lalliuiij '.11 fuel. ^ ifu 'i 1 *'; if! 'I •£\ /'■■' I 1 I I w • I;!l:i3 ,Jk.M^ =_L,. 1 I ^ JJ«P^"W<^^.M I ^_ ; !»■_■* North FHiallones, NW.iN.,4mile«. '.iSii^.t^^* 3 ^' I jii '" I ii l 'iii'ii nfd i- l'.)int KfVi'K (iis ail i>>l:Ui(l >, N. 5 W., 17 iiuli-s ; lii); iimlidii'. Miildle Farallon, NE. i N..'-' niilos. Middle Farallon, S. by V\ • W 1 mile jTjjLi M i eagwMnqgg^ North Farallom'.s, W. i N, t huUm. iU foot IWi f«t. ID'- I'fi-t. I1-' t'n.'t. 11 iHct. N„rlli "(I- V. 11* (wx. The North FarallniicH, K . t nuie. III"! Il'lt. ^. 1", f,..l. I'l r.'.-i. In west, (NW. 1..V A ,iiiil li west imit ol' t In fo;,'';tv wratl S, .• \r.l'^i' Ilk) /»((m//»-.v.— Oir 1 ,it r\ll-cni(l low Wilt tin ii- is a tli'indt'il 1 iiIimI jiosilion of tl This rocky led ,i|i|>i'>iiu'li*'s slioalin; I'll- locality was ca Miiltl .iinl .1 li.ilt' l I'aialliiu I-in'i'-li""^'' '^^ ''•' i '•• -.;i mile's. I'he f,'eo^fraiihical iiositioii of the Middh- I'aiallon Is; I.alitiiili' MT 1:'.' :U .('. iHirlli. I.iiliHiliiili' I-.M III .'itj .S wi'St. The mafiuetit) variation, .laniiary, 1M8.'>, is Hi ' HI' east, with a yi-arly increase of O'.l. r'liiin the MiiMle l'\ii'allou the Li^flit house on the Southeast l''arallon bears suiilh lil'ly-seveii dl .1 half dearies cast (S. 57.^ I'!.)i ii;;hly p\ ramidal ifi. II. nice, as their name denotes. The whole of them, with llii- imnicdiale dan;:ers aioiind the -1 1'llir.ist cluster, are comprised within a spac(^ foil rti ft lis of a mile west, north west and cast -sou th- .,l^l i>\ one liflli (d' a mile in breadth. They are wild, ro(;ky. luecipitoiis, niid aliimst iiiacces- -:l.|f. The northwesterumost islet is triph' headed, and has two small, low, rocky islets on either vili' I'l the northeast peak, which is one hundred and eij,'liteeii feet lii;,'h. I'rom t he soiilli-soiltheast ail iiiii ihiiorthwesi one ol' these, small rocks, I weiityt'oiir feet lii;;li, >how just clear of the li ole- ii'.iili'd mass as a small pyramidal i>let. Till' southeastern cluster (d' this ^roiip is composed of four islets, and is si p.iratcd from the iiiirili'.M'stern islet by a i)as.saf::o one-third of a mile- wide, with twenty f.alioms of water in the iimlilli . 'I'liere was a lar^'i^ swell riiiiiiin;.f when we p.issed tliiou;4h twice, and tliire was no si^n "I Till .Kill:; \v,,ter up to th(^ eil;;e of cither islet. ^Ve h.ive named this //oo/x » ".s I'ltssaiii . I 1 ihis soiilliea>lcin I'lilster, the two islets nearest the northwest islet are ipiite close to;;ether uiil ;;. .iii.dly seen as one. They arc very precipitous, and the soul hern I, ice of the western one <\ii> iiiMily \ritical to the summit, which is one hundred and lift\ live fe<'t above the se.i ; the iillii'r ;s o;;e hundred and eiy;ht feet. Iii^dl. IJetwccli these two Lslets and t lie southwestern one tliiiv i, a ;;.i|i of Ihiee hundred yi.rds tilled with visible and sunken rocks. .V very heavy breaker li>ilM(e hundred \arils to the .southeastward from this southwest i>let. The fourth islet of this 'lil.slii lies Iliice hundred y.irds to the southeast waril of the others; it is only (illy yards in lenjjtll ■mil t"i'iily one feet alio\e the water, with daiii,'ers around it. Tlie thirt.N fitliom curve liesclo.so around this f;roiip of the North I'arallones, bein;; half a iiiilfiiil ihe.soiulie.otcrn <'lus|er and a (|uarterof a mile oil' the mutli western islet, with the deeper w:ilcr .-1 tl'c soulhweslerii side of the Kioiip. Tlii> t weiity-tathom curve is about four hundred Miib '111 these islets, so tli it a vessid in thick weather ni.iy be close upon them unexpectedly 'ii'ii V i|rii the lead is kept j;oin;,'. Ai;:iiiii;;h these islets .seemed ina(!ces,silde, and they are so with any swell on, yet in our cur.sory "iiiin: 'loll of them we .saw the marks of the Kull-ej,';; hunters ujioii two of theiu. ?r 11' 1.1: W\ p i> ' H fil ^ . !i' 1 Mi;. "il 'i M''\ i 1 ' \w i '1 r ' :! *! i^ 't« Iffi 1 ■' i ll ,t r I lilt mm msm ; : I I •J 02 I'MII'lC (OAsr I'll. III. The ;,'t'o;;r:ipIiiiMl posilions of llu' i.iiiici|':il lica.ls mv civ.'ii I'lom tlif l.isl i'\aiiiiii;iliiiii ..i Cttusi aiul (ii'inU'lif, Siii\t'\ . Niirlliwo'*! U\u\uM , imIiMIi f<»mtli»riitnii. Ilili:hi I.iililiiilo 1..iiii;iliiilf I.iiiL'lh' tin r ' (hill tl.', Irt. Ill I \illil"l . 1I^ .17 4i> II I.M ml -M -'"' i.',r, ':- r. M i.'i 11,1 r.,1 \m 111 :i: If. i:i i-n o'. r.;i liw Till' cMoiit olilic Iwoiiiidtllc l.>liis I.Mii),' Miulliwi'Nt iiiiil iiiiillK'asi is 1 wo liiiiulrnl and cijilih livf \arils. Tlic impiIImiii i.sict lii's iioiili sixt.x live miil a liall' (l(';.'ift's west (N. (loA ' W.) .si\ an' Iwolliinl.s iiiilf.s tiiiii llic .'-'oiitliia>t raialloii l.i;;lit Ih.iim; ami (mm llic INiiiit Kf.M's l,i;;|ii Imii-i it lit'ai's t'xacilv siiiuli, (lislaiil rmii lien iiiil)>. The cimrM' t'liiMi till' iMiilli\M'>l('rii i>l(t lo liir \Vlii>lliii;: liiioN oil' tin' Saii I'lanci^co l:.ii iiiiilli M'MiilN livi' ami a liair ili'-lrcs ca-l (N.T.'iA I'., or ll. Ii\ N.\N.iaml I lie ilislanrc I u . i ami a half iiiilcs. One mill' broail oll'llic ;,'roii|i of tl.f N.alli I''aralloiii'< to tlif soul liui'sl llicifisa pai.i:. .silliiii.iiiiii' riil.m' lia\iiiji twciitv M'Vi'iiaml I vm'IiIn iiiiii' lal lioins ii|hiii ii : ami IwuamI a (|ii.iiii miles soiitliuisl of llif {iiciiip ilif titl\ laliioiii lim' inns par.illi I « ilii lln' ;;cmial ;rf ol ■'■•■ (lilU'iriit j.'ioii|is. Till' Iwolitimlnil lalliom line is only lour miles lo tlic sonlliufst oniie i-Ni- llisiile llie North I'aialloiies the fortv ratlioin eiirve is alioilt one ami a (piailer miles di-lani. ami pieseives a very rey:iilar liottoin east ol' a northeast Inn'; tow irds I'oinI I{e\ es is a sliuli: 1. deeper hottom of forty live fathoms. Towards the Mnhlie I'aiallon, lieai iii;i solllli .--eventy de;;iees east (S. 70 ' I'.', distant lin.i^ and tiller lift hs miles, the depth is ipiiie nniloini at thins si\ I'.iliioiiis over a lioltom i>( ;:ra\i 1 nil lirokeii shells. .No dangers have lieeii loiiml or repoiled in this opening heiueeii the ^ioiip>. Norlhweslwaidly from the islets the lioltom is somewhat ii re;,'iilar, from Ihiityoiie to j. \ ■ oiH! fathoms for three miles to the Nooiidas h'oek, w hieh lies north ••i;;hty tlilet; dixn <■- ' ' 'f (N. .s;'\V.) from the nortliwesterii islet. I'oi' sailiiiir direel ions in apinoaehinf; these i.>lets, see pa;;es 'JO. !-'_'! 1,1. N'iewsof these i>lelsaie j,'iven from se\eial direel ions, es]ieeially from the po.silioii ol N i day lioik. The ;^eneial eliarts of theCoa^t Survey, from I'oint I'iiios to l!odet;a Head, ami ii-iil the (iolileii (late to I'oiiit Arena, exhiliit tlie eliaraeterisiie soiindiiurs alioni the islands and il'ir relation to the coast. These i;ioii|is of islets were donlitless seen liy <',iliiillo and I'errelo in Nmcinlier. ftl'.'. liU re not nieiitioiied in tlnir iiariat ives. (See remaiKs on Tiiilf of the I'aialloi es,) Sir rrancis Diaho is the lirst that siieeilieally mentions ••eerl.iiii 'des l\iii;^ a little \\i' nt the liarlior " where he relitted and '' tiinimed ■' his :diips, "ami by them the islands of Si. .1, eg wherein are jileiity of seaKs and fowls,"' Tin' former ;;ioiip is donlitless the North I-'arallone--. iid the latter the Southeast I'aralloii, w ith its several lii;;h peaks, where he landed and .sn|iplied h I'lf with sea lion meat in .Inly, l.">T!t, Admiral .losti Cabrera lliiemi (ionzah's says, 17">l, thai to the soul lisnnlhwcsl of ilu- oft (Drake's I'.ay) there are six or seven white I''aralloni's, eie., and in eunijii;; down the eoa^i un • "ape Mendocino these I'aiallones are a ^ood si;;n to reeo;;iii/e I'oinI Ke\ c.s und t he hai boi bcli' ; it, Tlieir j;('o;;ra|ihieal name, Faiallones de los Frayles, docs mil ap|ieai in Zniii;^a, \'ciic.. or Cabrera lliieno. Mit;nel Constan/o reports seein;^ the l'"arallones from .Monlaia I'oinI in K' ill October, I77"i. Ileeeta dcsi;,'iiate-i them the Islets of San I'l.incisco. I'aloii, in liis Noticia.s do la NiievaCalilbrnia, calls them '-Los i'aiallones del .Nolle," 1, III 17'.t(» I'idalf,'!) calls them '• Los Faralliines de San I'raneiseo." They ]irobably ii-eeived their present name alter the \o\a;:es of I'.ode^a and Manicll. ide under the orders of I'.ailio I'ravle I)oii Antonio Ibicaielli v \ iseia alll "h it >«! that they were named in hoiioi' of the. l''ra\les or I'riais, who made the discovery of tin' i of San I'laneisco by land in 17f>!t. Kiiiinihtij /oh/.-.— for deseri|)tioii of this rock and the buoy markiii;,' the locality, see |i en in tlie Ap|iroaclie.s to San J'raiicisco liar, paj;es L'o.i and L'oi. 1 r lit .rt w. ^ ) .I'l 3 'mm 1. 1 '* ;#i V 1 ■ ,1 .;,.?: .#'^1 i s or ide of en l^lii..b L^-i^i^,. .iW. Jf ..Pr- Soiillifint l'nr»l|..ii l.l^ht-llollN.•, \V. | S ,t;^ niilrs. N'Tlh r,uiill..nrH, Ifi7 fei-f, W. ( N., l!i inilcH. Tlio ,hor..H nitli,. C.li „r ,1,. KaralloneH (fr..in iimM., )l,o Kuri.llom.H Point Royeu LighthouNo. Drake's Hay, K\V. J N., 18 miiet '^?w*-i:i^^.i^gf^^^'^'^^ I)rak«'H Hiiv. Donl"!!- Point. iiallonoM Kay. itiixbiiry Ktiiif. Jlouiit TiiiimlpaiH.a.flOl iVet, NB:. by N. i\.,l<),„ii,.s. i I HP f l \W' m t i Piit , i ■,'* Niiilli Kiiralloiits. K. by S.. It miles. Miilillf F'.'krulluii. I'niiii Nooniiay Kiick. Mcimil Ilcl 'lid. I.IU:! Ii'ct Priiiil KcyeH l.iKht-Iioust'. S, b) I'., i K., 14 iiiilen. From Nhoi'I.iv Kcxk. Soutlu'iist l';iiiilliiM. i;. liy S. I S. 14 iiiit.-s. i^^em^wsww?^^?^^^- i p 1 11 111 1 m wf^' r p| *^ ■ 1 ■ J« 1 i 5 ' f ft * i llii' ;i|i|iniiU:lirs, illtl iMii ill inoilcralo \v iIm W llCl't' .li'.S(M'il>t'(l I'liiilloiics art' also i ilcii ilaiif,'!'!' to iiavi^j tlii'iii; hiiH bolil wati ilic usual onlcr wo 1 This is (lio jtriiK San i'laiicisco I'ay. MSI -I'liliiiii lircaks u HCilluT it is cspccia Tiiis (laiijjiT lies I'anilloii tlii'()ii;;li tlit iic^'ii'i's west (y. s.'i- 1 1 is on tlic llix^ ''■:,■ |M'ai\ of tlio oasti miil:i' III liiiil it and I'l'i' Noonilay U^ ii'ito'i ii at low water ; 'ik u IMC iiiidi'i'talic ili.ilr liii'alily. Olio till' cilitT four and ; hrt liiai; hy thirty I ;"! Mi'M to break icj. i l^T'i by tii(. ;'nit( I, lie in issiJane '"■ a iiarniw h'djic, a li w.i^ very narrow, ll|iii|l It. I'lKb'!' cell iiii'k iliii|i|ird oil' vei uiiri;, t'lthoiii curve iiii\r was tliree hir «i',>t liy south (and, "illi thirty rallioins in Si|iteiiiber, 1 ii'ct a!M,\c tlie jihiiie . iially ti-^s weather lii'aiiiiix' east when t li'iHhrasI I Si:.) to el >lriirk ;hiee tunes, ti Tins would iiidi '^1 '1 |iii-:lioii dllVi'leii ''l'iil;;llt tlic Vfssel - l"lt iioi alisolute eon 'I"' M'l-Lii iiidicatin llll' illlm so |„.,||- t|„, I hi'>i' locks slioi y'li.iii S!iiml.—'l Till! l.,o,k itscli; reek "•'illi\\,',t and east s ii''''i;ii!.ii iioiii nineti '■ni"!liii„yiH(l,Hil,||,.,. I Sw I'U^o »n lot- locu I'ACIKK COAST ril-OT. 203 DANOKIiS IN TllK Al'rUOACIII'.S TO KAN KUANCISC'O BAK. TIk^ fjroups of tho raralloiuvs Islanth may he plact'd among tli»^ dangors because they lie in ihi' .ipproarlifs, iilllioiigli tlifir liciglit ami size make flicm «'asily avoiiU-d in gooil weather, ami ,Mii ill moilerale winler weallier. In heavy t')^'s they are (hiiigeis. Tlie Soiitlieast FaraUoii is ,l>r\\lieie .l.'sciilx'd in (h'tail witli the I-igiiliioiise ami log whistU-. The Middle and the North r.ii.illones are also fully descrilted. The two laltt-r have no aids to navigation. The greatest hid- >{i II il.iiigfr to navigation is Noonday Uoek olVlln' North Farailones, liccanse it is three miles from ilii in; has hold water all around it, iin<'. seldom lireaks. This danger is therefore described out of ilii' usual order we have laid down. NOONDAY HOCK. Tliis is the principal ami farthest outlying hidilen danger in the apjiroai'lies to the coast near S.iii I'laiieisco l>ay, I'iVen in good weather the locality is particularly lo he avoided because tlm ~isi MJilom breaks upon tht! rock excejit in very heavy weather with low tide. In thick and foggy viMllicr it is especially dangerous to large vessels. Tills danger lies four liCtlis of a mile south of the inolongatioii of the line from the Southeast I iialloii thr(Uigli the nortliwesteriimi>s( of the North l'"arallones, and three miles north eighty-three ;i':;iics west (N. S.'P \V.) from the north westeriiii"ist islet. it is on the line of the we-item ]ieak of the noit Invest ern most of the Nuiih I'ara Hones on with • !. |"ik of the easteriiinost (one hundred and eight feet high) of the same group. 'I'iiis is u good .111-1' h> lind it and to avoid it. fl'i' Noonday Itoek was supposed to be a single bayonet rock with tliiee and a half fathoms ilMiii it at low water, springing from the I'aniiy .Shoal; but when the operaiioiis for removing this ■il( vvcre nnderlaken in 1S7."» it was found that ^•<« nthi'r shin-j) imiiitctl mrl.s exisletl in the inline- Liii' liicality. One of these rocks was reporteil to have onl.\ two and a half fathoms iii>on it, and [iii'iitlicr four and a half fathnms. The former was the larger and. b> estimation, was seventy In r loag by tliiitN feet « idc abovt> the four fathom line. If tlii> is so. it is wondt rliil that it is "' M III to break legiilarly in the long northwest swell. The original Noonday I'ock was destroyed ; l>7i by I lie '.'nited States I'liigiiieers. I. lie in lss(( an exam illation waseominenced to obtain more intbrniatioii. The rock was found to 'I'll ii.irrow ledgi', abmit sixty yards long east and west, within the Ibiir and a half fathoms line. li WIS very narrow, and at the eastern emi thert^ was found a point with four fathoms of water ii|»i|i il. I'lider certain conditions, part of the rock mass could lie seen tliroii;,di the water. This iii.'k liiiipped olf veiy suddenly on all sides, but more partjcnlarly on the north slo[ie, wlierti the iiiirl;, I itlioiii curve is only si'veiity live yards distant. To the southward the t wentyti ve lalhom iiirve «as ihiee liu'nlred and lifiy yards distant. About seven hnndied and titty yards to the «i'>i liy south (and, of <'oiiise, lieyoiiil the buoy) a sounding of nineteen fithoins was obtained ' illi Ihiity fathoms close to ii. hi September, ISTK, tiie ship Ahishd, drawing tweiityoi-e b'ct of water and with the tiile four ii'fl ,rMi\c the plane ol' rel'eie'ice of the soundings on the ehail. was approaching the coast in par ii.illy |.ii;g\ we.ulier, with the N« rtli Fanilloiies visihle at times, and reporteil that the vessel was lii'.iiliii^' east w hen the Noonday Kock* was made sipiare ahead. The ( onrse was then changed to 'I'lrilh.ist (NK.) to clear the rock and more sail made, which occupied sopi Mine. The vessel then >lnii'lv :liiee limes, (iam.'ging her false keel, breaking two or three planks, etc. Tins wiiiild indicate that lliere was another sunken rock, but the Mammoth Ibioy was then 'I -I l'"-ition dill'eicnl to that assigned to it on ilie chart, and the change of course of the ship i"ii:iil the vessel diiectiv upon the Nooiida,\ K'ock itself. So that it may he said with great, i"il iM'i alisoliite conlideiice thai there is no other danger in t liis \ iciiiity. It was the report of III' I 'lis/." iiidiciting a new danger that caused the late examination, and also the jdaciiig of '111' liiim M, I,,.. II the rock as at present.' ""■""• ""■I"'* shoiihl he re veil as llie oiigiiial Noonday Wock was. /"'-iv .s7/()fi/._The Noonday llock forms the culminating poinl of the I''aiiny Shoal or liank. ill' 'Miilv Itself, reckoned inside the thirty I'athoiu line, is jirobably on.' and a half miles long west- ""'lli»'>' ami east soiitheiist, by half a mile wide. ThroUirhont the bank the umndings are very ""■-ii''i lioiii nineteen fathoms, and the indications are im ' \ bottom with gravel. To tin- .south- Mi,. I Si \ i-> iliiiilillisM ri'l'i'iTi'il Id, null'!,,-, tin' nu K ilsi'lC ill. ';ilvi ■«■ l"'<;u '-.'04 r.ulouuU if wliii 11 no moiitiiiu wliatuvtir wasiiiailo. Ill of liL'U-ljuoy (iiilj3i.'niii.'Ul, luJJuciiuli.T I, lS wcst-nort Invest tlii> lifty-fatln ^tri'tcl Kvs out fiMir am I a half milt's from tin' rofU; and midway InHwi'cii Noonday IJoi'k ai Icr roai'lii'd is fortv linlit fathoms of wati-r over sand ami Point Rcyi's tln« ificatest (h'[ilU of wa slii'lls. Vessels liave such a wliolesomc dread of this dan^'er and of the North Farallones that tli always ineline to keep near Point lieyes lleail. The jjeo^raphical i>osition o Cieodetii' Survey as follows : f Noondav lIocU has been determined by the V. S. Coast a i:>' wohi. The niagnetie variation is 1(1 10' east, .1; iry. lSS,j. The followini; bt'aiin;;s and distances are I'oiiil Ki'Vi's I.i;;lil-liiiMsi' n from the l!ock t(/ prominent objects: .N. IJJ l'..ili»iiun II mill' N(iit1iiriiini»l i>li'l I'l' Nurtli r.oallniii's . ruinl I{iiiii'l:» l.ittlit-liHiisc S. -;; K. (lislaiit .'t mill's. .N.Tii'J i:.(liMliint '.Wi inili'H. AVlil>lliiiij lliiov oir San rrancisio liar. l>millii'a>t I'aralliMi l.iL;liIlicMis(> ...N.T'.if r..ili>la)it -.'IH tiiihi n v.. ilintant '.'i iLiili'ti. !lii' pilot-boat, di'if «,i:cr. .Suddenly I liiiimms, when it i 111' iilinj.'boat was al .III estimated (lis On the I'd of >iiu(k twiec! upon jiitl within an lioni ill Ml', sea smooth, I Hi-i carryiiiji Inr t sill reported the ni i:. i.y S. .^ S.). On the L'lHh ol I "i-i and (Joodetic 111 Ajiril, IST.I, III' till' r. S. Army, tlir last e.vaminatioi 141 m^ I t r IIOMI The U. !>. Coast Survey charts of the api>roaches from Point Piuos to P.odcfja Head, and the(ioldcii date to Point Arena, j,'ive the characteristic soundinj;s of the vicinity o'' Noon l.i\ Rock and its relation to the I'aralhuies. One of the views j;i\-en was taken from Noonday Puck and shows Mount Helena open t.Mir dejjrces totlie westward of Point Itcycs Lighthouse. Tlii.- mountain isonly seen in clear weal Iut beaiing north eij:ht decrees east (N. .S' ]■;.), tifly eijiht miles distaii! : it is tour thousand tlm-f hundred anil t'ortythiee feet above the sea. The second view on same jiaj^e shows the ^^iiiei.il relation of the North and Soiitli I'aralloues, with .Montara ^lountain in range with the Nrntli Farallones. X(")iiilinj Hiuli — Bdlhunji. — The lull luiny liasiii;,' broken adrift about December ], l^>^, it has been replaced by another, which has been mooied in twentyfoui' fathoms of water. o\ir;i roikyand uneven bottom. It lies about ei.uht hundred yards west quarter noilhiW. [ N. 'mu the rock, and lus the rocii in i.uil;!' witli the black hiiiiimock of the jiiiint of t!ie northwestci ir -: Farallou on with the cen!''r of the easternmost islet of the same ;:ronp. This i.-i the same i <: .i on which the former biu)y lay, but farther from the dan^'cr. \iioii(liti/ IiDch- liiidji — Ih-nlirl. — The bell boat which luokc adrift from its moorings iieai iln' Noonday Itock the end of January it wa.> seen a 1 It Decembei' I, bss-i, has been seen and its position located several tin souihwesi of Capi' Orford, and was then drifti \\\ cw miles soutliwestward by heavy northwest gales. ICaily in J'cbriiary it was seen moving agai iiortlnvanl. J>in(liiiiis t'l' 'tVui'i Xdiinihii/ /i'i)( /.'. — In the description of the Soiitlu'ast I'arallon, the directions for approaching San I'r.iiici ha\e heictoloie advised \essels approacliii (loldcn Clate at nii;lit and in tlilik weallier to keep to the southward of the Southe.ist I'.ii lui Light. This aihice has more si;;iiilicance since the di-.covei\ of Nnoinlav Pock, and slioiil! I'l' jllowed. With J'oiiit P iiiil the groups of the I'aiallones in sight, v 'ssels bound in ai iiiug between them and the point, siiould bring the western head of I'oiiit Ifeyes to bear n • to the northw.ird of porth-uoitheast iXNI',.), until the Nmlh and the Southeast Farallones range: then bear away for the (ioldeu Ciate. When Point Peves bears N'ortliiiorlhcasi N"i: and the North and Soiiilieast I'arallon arc- in laiiuc. the depth is Ibrty fathoms, and the Ni Pock w ill bear east half south ^I], \ S.) aliout two and ouehalf miles distant and eight Imi iil yards t'ldin the buoy. Coming iVoiii the norlhwestwanl at iii-lil , M'ssels should not bring the Southeast I'';iMi"nj Light to bear anything oast of souilnasi li\ east iSi;. by l!.), w iiicli w ill clear t he ioel> li> |.\. li.l! a half miles and the North I'aiallones li\ one mile. Put in comiii'; lioin the northwestw.inl. ■ • generally eiiileavor to make Point Pe,\es Light hecanse the ajipioaches to it are over moic i. 'ooitom ami tliere are no onllviii"- daiiKcis olf that head. The existence of the Nooiidav P •k leilt;e was lirst made known to us in Ajuil, isijd, It beeu uiseuvered by Captaiu George Simittou ou the J3th of .March. The weather was caln.. ii"lj This danger in I I.I- i'ceii fullv lie.scri lo mark the dai ■ I'l.sN t 'III liHitji with »-i iiii'lv> liottom. Thei fill luo miles to the San I i.iuciseo Par, I '•'■ Ji ihe Poneta i i lie buoy lies rv '■\!i.;iiity of ilie Itlii li.illi'ii.is Point ; and 'i"iii Point lionet, 1 l..U""ii, near ihe Lit -'II' li I leveii degrees Till- Point i;e\es ■'|:h1 ;i Vessel oiie-ijiia "I till' electric ll;;lil o ■"«|'i "11 I'oint lioui ^ ' ssels m.lklll; '"1 lie iilioy ou the w I'Miiiisvce Cove iiiilil ' ' lacilit.iie any ''i''-e ■ilid oilier linpo PACIFIC COA.ST PILOT. 205 till- |iilotlM(;(t, (triftiiif; with tlio current, was llsliiiig off tlu) North Faralloiies in forty Hithoms of wv.rv. Siiddfiil.v tlio line slacktMiiMl, and thi" depth raiiidl.v decreased to ten and finally to nine t.iiiMiins, when it increased ajjain to the lirst depth. No other examination was made, as the iMMidin^r Ixtat was lishinj;- some mile-, distant. The North Farallones Itore east by south {E. by S.) Ill 111 estimated distance ol live mih.s; the sin};le shore-rauKO taken was unavailable for plottinj;. On the L'd ol .lannaiy, isti.i, (ho eiijiper ship JS'(»()/i(/(/i/, draw in{j twentyonc feet of water, >tiuck twici! upon one of the points of the rock forming the apex of the led<,'e, i)assed over it, ,111(1 within an hour sank in furty fathoms of water. .\t the time of her strikinj;, the weather was ijr.ir, sea smooth, Imt wilh a very lartje swell from the northwest, and the wind from the north- wr-i carrying; her towards the (iolden Gate about nine or ten miles an liour with everything set. Slic reported the rock cij;lit miles from the North Faralloiies, which bore east by south half .south j;. l.y 8. \ S.). On the L".Mh of .lannary the position of this danger was first accurately determined by tuo (ii.i-i and (!eo(leti(! Survey, and notii-e thereof immediately published. Ill April, lS7r», one of the sharp peaks was blown away under the direction of the Engine m's of ilie I/'. S. Army, but no proi>osition has been made to destroy the others. Jt was in bSS(» that thr last examination located the ledge as it is now known. DUXnURY REEF. Tiiis danger in the approaches to San Kranci.sco liar is on the imniediato slioro-line, and it his iiicn fully described under the head of Duxbiiry Point ami Heel', page !!•:.'. Dl'XIU'RV KEEK lUOV. In iiiaik the dangerous reef which makes out on(> iiiilo southeast from nuxbiiry Point, iitimt- rlitss 1,111 hiioji \\i\U 1-1(1 (iiiil lihtcl; lt(>ri:i))ilnl xttijies has been placed in Iwchi' (atlioiiis of water; riicK\ iMittoin. 'fliere is slightly dcejier water eastward of it, and the bottom i> not \ery regular U tuo miles to the eastward. This buoy must also be regarded as an aid to t le navigatiiui of S.iii I i.iiicisco Itar, liecaiise it is a point of departure^ for vessels tVom the iiortliwe.s;-,v.ird entering tliKuuh the lioiu'ta Channel. 111.' buoy lies two and oiie-iiuarter miles south thirty-two degrees east (8.3-^ K.) from tlu i\iir;,i;ty of the l)liitf at l)u\bury Point; three and two tilths mites south ti fly degrees east fron, ii.illt'ii.is Pitiiit ; and seven anil seven I'ighths miles north ei;;ht\iiine degrees west (X. SIP W.) iniiii Point ISoiicIa Light house. Fiom the bliitV at the west side of the eiitianailen;.s l.,i;;nuii, near the Lite-saving station, the distance is three and one-;iiiarter miles and the beariay SMiiih , level! degrees east (S. IP P.). The Point l!e\es. Southeast I'arailon, and Point Ihuieta Lights are \ i^ible from tin.-. jMisitioii; I 'alula vessel oiie-ipiai ter of a mile, south of it is on tlie norlheiu edge of the siiiall arc of visibility iif tliciiietric light (Ui T. legraph Hill showing through the low depression nor ' of the old Light- liiwn on Point iioiieta. V ^mI,> maiviiig this buoy can lay a course for the Whistling buo\ , Ku- the Main Ship Channel, ti'i tlir iiuoy on the west end of the Four fathom P.ank ; or I'oi the P.oneta Channel by steering for i'iiiiii--.(.,. Ci(\,. tiutil the rangt* for the lalti'r channel eo>;n .^ on. In lacilitate any r)f these operations the following bearings and distances from the buoy to iliisi' ;iiii| oilier important objects are given, as follows : Wlii-iiliMi-liiiiiy, III l.'ilalli siiiiiMili' till' liar S. -'.'J \',. lU miles. M, nil ."slnii CliaiiiiiO over llin |!:ir S. Ill K, "li iiiin's. Illiiik IliiovNii, 1, lUV tho wcsl I mC I'liiir lailiiiiii Hank S. f',| 1'.. 1* nuli'.s. 'riiini'v.r>M'iiM> (liir U la Cliaiiin-i) N. sl^ !■;. {',[ inili's. Anil IIh' raiiKi' Inr ll.i. naim' i liaiinrl cm ,amr liraiiiij;, ili.slaiil "4 iiiiU'H. I'liint I{c>r»!,i(t|,(.i,„iiM. j; 7^ \v, ITI milfn. liMiililn Point X. ri.",i, \V. r.i iiil.'s. liallinaH I'oiiit ^. r,,, w. iii miles. WiNiiTiiiiiiiHt |iaii 1)1' Duxliiiiy liirl, ."> tiilliiiins \. l.'i \V. 1!, milrs. lailiif Diixliiuv Kr.l, in .1 (allu)iiiH N, n \V, \\ iiiilrs. I'liiiit Itimi'ta l.iglit-liuUMO S. t"J ^ K. ~l niiti's. . t ' ■'..■ il„ I I yi m • It i .:| i II 20{; rACII'IC COAST I'lI.OTS. SAN FRANCISCO BAR AND CHANNELS. The 1);ir oil' tlic ciitrnnfc lo tin' r.:iy of S;ui Kriiiicisco lias a ffcncial (h'litli offivp and a qiiarii rallmiiis, ami iaii;;cs iVoiii tlucc and tliicc iiiiarlcis ttn'i^ilit and tliifi'<|uarlris ratlioins. Its turm it ol' fiicalcsl cnnx t'xit.v l,\ injj live and tliicc i|iiart('is mill's v S ) fiiini I'oint Lolios. llt'ckontMl wiiliin tiio six tati S. ! tliat of a IniisfsliiM' with tlic liy sDiitli one (inai'ltT sontli (W. Ii.v fiirvcs, tilt' sdiillicni end ol' tlic liar sprinus iVoiii tin' low sontli shore aliont IliU'c and one qnaiin mill's soiilli soiiilicastu.inl of tin' Seal Hocks olV Point I, olios, wlicic the urcat sand dnncs nu'r;:c nto the iiorihein end of the while clilV sliore; ihcii curves two miles west >ontli\vcst (\V. SW.) to its soiillicriiiiiol liiiiil, whence it contiimes to a point two and a half miles west of I'oint l!oiiei.i Liyht ; there it shoals fioin livo and Ihiee tpiai ters to foni' and thiecipiai teis and three and thivc (]tiaiters. forming' here the Four latlioni l>ank. Tlii' noithern and eastern end of the nai isdirecllv abreast the onter dill's of Point Pxnieta, and this is also the eastern end of the I'oiirfathoin ItaiiK. At the southern pail. the liar is aliont one and oiu'iinaiter miles across, and li\e and two thiiiK d over it tor twn and three tpiarters miles from the shore. At its vveslcm fall loins can lie caiiici limit it is o:ilv one lifih t. iree and ihicc i|iiaitei.- 1 1 horns. This latter part const iliiles as already stated the " Four- fall ir 1 111 Pai however, it is cro>M'd .Nalely liy all the smaller xcssels and sleaiiieis from or to the iioitliwesl. IJeckoiied within the si\ fallioin line the liar docs not touch either shore liecaiise fall s fathoms can lie carried across the southern jiart one nnle oil' the lieach abreast the " Oee.iii Sji lions and detailed oxaniinati upon which the re;;iilar heavy northwest swell freipicnily breaUs. In ordini'ry weatlii and eis'ht and three (piarters fathoms thronjih the Poneta Channel. The very inimiic e\ s (if if IST.'J sliowi'd that the bar was essentiallv the same as the snr\ ;lit ecu \ears eailicr iiidica led. IIS late survey developed several spot the bar lia\iii" h than the :i>erayi' depth of water usually assigned lo it ; but these shoal spots may have i'\i>li at the time of the earlier survey. A tentative i'e-e\ami!iation was made (in the bar in ISSI uh, sixteen lines were run over the bar and two lines alonjj the crest, The results contirm the ]■! vioiis siirvevs and indicate no shoaliii';-. The spots developed in the survey of 1S7.'{ urn as follows ; I. A small Niicit Iiaviii;; t»<'iitv-iiiiii' fi'i't < il.r 1 ICN (Ml tilt' ol' tlic liar. Its imrtln rii limit is almiit half niinn |iar: .1' ;i iwcsl (iiii'-Miiaiti'i' w't-si N'.V [I mil V Hoin ' .III • f till .iiiuc 111' Alcatiaz and I'lirt I'dinl l,i);lits. V. A |i.ili h with twenty. iiiiii- niid tliiily I'lri nf w.ilcr lies mi the mnlilli' nt' the liar, which is here h half a mill' arinss, mirllnvard iif the main .ship-i liaiinel and nil' the westerii tail Itaiik. Ik siiiillieni |iiiiiit is smith lil'ty-cij;lit decrees west (S. I In I -I \V. I livii miles fiinii i'l Il [■' I-iHhl-lmiis.'. and s.iiith ei;;lity -Iwo decrees west iS. i-.' W. ) live and a liall' miles I'rimi the Seal !,■ ■ l>- Il ('Mem Is til Ih.' mirlliwaid I'lir (iiie i|iiarter ot a mile I'mm this iinint. With these exceptions the bar may liecros.sed from near the son! hein sliore round to the wc-; mi tail of the I'oiii fathom Pank in tliirtv two to tliiit y six feet of water; iir within the are Iron niiieteeii de-ices east to south sixty three decrees west (.S. l!t^ J'!, to S, (i.'P W.) reckon Point Poiieta I,i-ht. To avoid all the (ivi! Catlioin patches south of the main shipeliaiiiiel the followiiifj raii-i ;iv('ii as iiu.lmliii;^ them: The .Miiiiherii limit, li'oiind Top on with I.oiie Mountain, or siill in Outer Heal ilodi oil I'oint Lobos nil ;ici'. on with the highest peak of Anyel IsRiiidj and the iioiilicni limit, north end of >>i II' iiotliin:r to the i'l'ii Point and .Mi The spot niiinl till ic are no ran;i'cs w.iiir over the mail cull' sc can happen ( The outer C(l;,'e I'f li'df a mile, and iiiiiiases \'er,v slow! toiii IS harder than i This i.s the nor wcsi siiiithue.st ( WkS iiidic than three and liiMips having' from f iiiMtli and .south is tl flic inside the depth Ic.-s ilian h.ilf a mile. I riiii .iinl one on its w Flam isco Hay. i lie swell on thi- I'f ilic shoalest part, i.iiliiiiiis lor one mile, I "c. lily this baiil liii'i ili'il the small .se 'lirk lii.id of potatoes 'ii,'il near the westei i*li!;li' risk of losiii \lilioii;;h the b ii:ii,\i-t there are (■( i'"ii''ii!.ii direciioiis I in- .l/i(//i Ship ( ili.isileep water, is I'.iil llille.s wide, iiiirti I '!i',;n'cs east to norti I tliiiiyiwo feet can I ■!|'-Imi is less th.iii I '•i^"ii!lieastnales tl "■^''ipl Ilie P.oiieta ( Till' whi.silirigl [ '"ill"' mitsideof this i'"'Vc i|r,('| jl„,,|_ |V^ T'l' ■^■■ntl, Clmni, ■''■•'* lull a liiileotf Ih iiiilwMlthin which m ^I'foi'.^liitwith Point nllt this ee'ir.se iyjn^r '""■■it IS lietler to In '" ""•"'■-!, and cross fl"''"*".'!! lulls ill p;,,-: ""'I'llHior-.sceiid i„ ""■I'.n ,s very rouoh, ''^'ilfli' i.s s.iiiie (liiiiiT, '"I""!''.'!! awavbef, PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. 207 limit, iioilli t'liil of Ali'atniz Ixliuitl on with Fort Point. At ni;,'lit hiin^' Point rJoiictiv lAnht to iii;ii iiotliini; to tlu' cast wind of north half w«'.st (N. i W.) for tlio soutliorn limit, and tiie ranyc of I'd I i'oiiit and Alcalra/, Ia;;hls for thf nintin'm hniit. Tlic spot niiinbcitMl \' should In- fspcfially avoidi'tl by di'cp vcssi'ls in heavy wcatln'r. As III. 11' arc no ran;;c.-> for inarkin^r it) vessels arc ii|»t to ^ft too close to it when running,' for the, best w.iirr o\cr the main ship channel. Pilots report that it has been touched sevi'rai times. This of iiiii:-c can happen only when there is a lar;;c swell at dead low water. i'lic outer eil;;c of the bar falls oil' distance (.1 ii.ilf a mile, and the bottom at that ilepth is softer than on the bar. Inside the bar the depth nil II iscs vi'ry slowly ami regularly to ten fathoms in a distanco of about threo miles, and the bot- tom IS harder than in the 8amu depth outside. THE FOUR FATHOM HANK. riiis i.s the northernmost part of the bar, and its eastern end Iie.H ono ami one co I'.ay. Till' swell on this bank from westerly weather is the heaviest towards the eastci'n extremity I'f till' shoalest part, althou;;h the dei>th of water is nearly uniform at three and threc-ipi.irtcrs l.iiiiniiis Ibi' on<> mile, I. Ill, lily this bank is kmiwn as tho "Potatoe Patch," which name is said to oiiijinate from the I'lii'l lli.il the small schooners comini; t'roni Itode^a and llallenas li.iys I'reipieni l,\ lust |>arl of their link lii.iil of poiiiioes \\ liilc crossing; it. \\'«! have frc(pu'ntl\ watched the lumber schooners cross- .11.' it near tlie western tail when it was breaking batlly. The deck-load bein;; well secured, there i>liiilf risk of hoin;;' it. All lioii;;h the b;ii may be <'rossed with aiisolut(^ safety at an\ place diirin;: iiinctcnths of the .viiii,>rt then' aiecertaiu deei>er places across it which have received special n.imcs, and for which iMiliiiilar dirc(-tions are j;iveu. Till' Main Ship Chtiiuiel is used i)y all vessels from the westward and northwest ward, because ;tlia.siliep walei, is the most direct, and has the shortest distance across. It is over one and a j Imli miles wide, northwest and soutiu'asl, when Point llom'ta lii;;iit liears from north thirtyei;;hl dt'ijri'is east to north lifty six de;irees east (N. IVS^ i;. to N, ."itP ]■;.); and a deptli of not less than thiit) two leet can be carrieil o\ er it. Mat the best water is liiiity lour to thiil,\-li\t' feet, when? I'lifli.ii IS less than live hundred .vards across, and where the course for crossiii;,' is with the swell. Ill soul heasl (;ak's the bar begins to break there later, and breaks less than over the other parts, I niijit tlie P.oiieta Channel. Till' whivllin;; buoy lies in (ifteen fathoms on the line of Fort Pi>iiit ami Alcatraz Lights, twii I null's iHitsidi- of this part of the bar, but near the Houthern limit of the Main Ship li.ill a mile olV the beueh alu'cast the Ocean Side House, ami it has a wiilth of one and a half ii'ili'<"illini which not less than thirty four feet can be carried; and thirty-six feet can be earned iliioi'.^l, It with Point lh)netii Light house bearing north by west one ([iiarter wot (N. by \V. \ W .). I'lit tliisci 'irsc Isiiig only one mile from the beach, and one thinl of a mile outside tlie live fadiom "III', it i> l.i'tier to liiiiig Point Poiieta Mght house to bear north half west (N. K W.i and nithing t'Mlii' ue>i, and cn)ss the bar in thirty-fimr Icetof water for a distance of three cpiaiti'isof a mile. llii'swi'll lulls ill |iaralh'l with the shore and .sometimes ipiite heavily; neveitlieless a vessel does iiiitpitili or'.sceiid in a heavy swell as she would in crossing by the Main Ship (Miannel. P.iit if llii'liiii IS very n)ii;;h, almost breaking, it is not prudent to cross it tlinmgh the South Channel, ''^'lii'iv is Mime dangei' of bniaching to in the heavy swell, or being crovvdi'd on shore in attempt- "V' III Klip away belbre the heavier rollers. .Vt such times .sailing ve.s.sels should cross by the ■^ i^l > ' \ m§ ■" ■' 1: i< ■i. \' *" k 1 hi 1 1 ' ■■'■ .'■ •■ i;i:T. M i I ' ; ! 2118 i'acikk; coast rii.or. ■fii m >m Main Ship CIimimh'I ami stfamcrs inav t'lilcr 1>,\ tlif ISoiit'ta ('liannt'l. Tlicro \h ho buoy tn mail, tliis Siiiilli Cliaiiiit'l iKMi'fi' tliaii llicSoiilli Slioal lliioy. (Set' Sailiri}; Dirccliiitis for iMitiTirij; li tills cliaiiiii'l.i 'riic l>i> i)tii i'hiniirl lies dost' iiiiiltM' tlic rocky I'iitl's iioitliwt'st of I'oiiil r>oiu'ta I.i;,'lit lioii-. , anil liclrtccn llii'in ami tin- fastcrn t-Mri'miiy of llif l''oiir tallioin l.aiik. rn'twccn Hit' MsCatlicin lint's oil fai'li siilf of Ilif widtli of Hit' flianiif!, is oiif tliinl of a niilf, ami t'i;^lit ami tliit't'-i|iiarti i > fallioiiis (Mil ill' L-ariii'tl llii'ou;;li it on a siiij;li'iliii'ct foiiist' fioviTiifil liy a fort' anil iiy a liark lan.. . Slt'aiii'is aiMinaiiili'il with Ilif t'oast iisi^ it vitn fii'i|iit'nlly in roii>;li wratlit-r, fiili'iinn ami li-av mil ; aail till' lliili.sli iioii flail /"f/ nfv, iliMwinj; t«iMii.\ si\ It't't of wattT ami ilrt'ailiii;:' 'In- Mam SL |, Cliamifl, ii>iil it st'vi'ial tiiiu's lioili \\a.ss from our iliit'ftioiis. .Soim> of tlif Nt.aiiislii|( fa|il,i;i-, niiiiiiii;,' to till' iioriliuaitl fiom San Fiaiifisi'o ;;o out t lining li tlif iJoiit'ta riiamit'l, «'v«'ii iii a \i m tliitk I'll;:. 'I'lii'v l>i'fi> t'losii iimliT Point I'loiii'ta ami art' ;;iiiilt'il l>y tlif fo^i-wliistif on it for tin ,i liosiiiiiii. Ily liniiii; so t'ify not only ^'aiii in tiiiif. as tiiis is tlif most tlircct clianiifl \vln«ii ImhiikI to tlif mutliwartl, lint tlify also Ifssfn tlif fliant'f.s of foilision with tlif nniiifrous sailing \f>s, U otl" the flit raiiff. whifh rart'ly nsf this fhaniifl. Tlif Hoiifta Clni'iiifl may (liiuhtlfss lit' iisfti to ^Tfut ailvaiita^rf liy sailing; Vfssf Is fiilfriii^' t!ir liailiiii' luiilfr ton wiii'ii a stroii;; f iil) fiirit'iit is in nil in;:, as it lias liffii ton ml in a partial f sami na; imi thai tlifif is an filily fiirrf iit sfttiii;,' in tlii'on.uli thi> iiarrowf st jiart of this flianiif 1 \\ Iumi i lie fiirifiit is riinniii;; out tliroii;;h Ihf (iolilfii (ialf ami ovfr llif liar. This ailviff will fspfria,,\ ai>ply wiifii tlifif art' frcshfls in tlii- rivers finplyiu.L;' into San I'raiifisfo Uay. Ill a ffitain sfiisf it oii^lit to In- tlif inoit' popular fhaniifl. as tlif ran;;t's for oiitfriii;: ii .nc very fniispifuons anil not so far tlistant as for tin* otlifi' fhaiiiifls. N'fs.sels arf apt to kt-fp tmi far ovfr towartis tlif tail of tiin Four fathom liaiik, as tlif flill's look vt'ry lU'ar anil forliiiltliii^' nin n a Vfssi'l is on tlif ian:,'f; lint wlifii tlif ran^jf is closely followftl tlicrt' is no daiiiifr. Ill lllll•thw•■^t Wfatlifi. tlif apprtiat'lifs to this fhaniifl fiom thf iioitliwaril arc sinootii rvni if till' I'oiir failiiiai I'.aiik is lut-akiii;; consiilfialily. Tlircf hiioys now mark tlif Itoiifia ClianiM I. (Sff Saiiiiiy ninrtions for vcssfls comiiijir from the iiort Invest wartl ; aiitl also the I)fSfiiptioiis ni i:iio><.) This tlianiiil is lorally known as thf North Chaniifl. Thf (/./;/// i;/' iciitir till the hit I- is ;;i\-fii for the ilatiiiii plane of the V . S. Coast ami (ifoilftic S ii vcy, which is thf a\fia;;f of tiie lowfr low watfrs of taih ilay : lint tin- pefiiliaritifs of thf lii:i > tin this ciia>t soiiifiiiiif tif vclop a miifh lowfr tidf than this avfraj;i'. During' eafli iiioniii liir lowfr low walcr iiia\ fall iifarly one foot lifliiw the ilatiim plaiif of the Coast SiirvfS ; aiiil m fxtii'iiif t-iMS. oiiif or twiff ayt'ar, may fall marly thit'ts left lifhiw this plant'. 'I'liis is a \'<\ imiHirtaiil iiiii>iilfi.itiiiii in Vf>sfls of tleeii draii^'ht, with a lar^if swell on thf liar. Till' Tide T, lilies piihlisjiid one year in aihanef. with thf normal tiiiifs and lit'i;;lits of iviiy tide of tile \fai, yi\f siil'iiiieiit iiiforinatitiii to the iiavi;;ator to advise him of the tlejitli of '\w watf r on ihe liar it In \\< no pilot. \i> ilunuir III' Inn-. — Tlie tuo Kurvf.vs of the bar by thf C H. Coast ami (ieoilt'tif Siii althoiii:!! t'i;,'liteeii ytMis apart (ls,")."i-lS7'5), exhiliit mi iiiaikftl chaii^'fs in the lofation am! liiifs of thf li.irorthe tlfplli of w.iier iipmi ii ; and the If illative examination of ISSi fiill_\ taili> llif iii'e^^iity of the liar and ils appiiiaiiies. I'.nl it is not improlialile that local tlia nia\ at times taNe place, and tlie ;;eiieiai features be rfcoviied aftfr the alimirinal eaiises ci Tl tcr. Allhiiimh tl If exi>tfiiii' of live ^llflls ill many iialehes on the bar. hnwever, iiulieales its jiersisteiit cli. Hie appears to he a .sli>;ht increase of the tleptli tit' water on the iMiurl'al liaiik. yet tlie mimili' character ot the list siii vcy, ami the tixed datum plane from the perma' m tiilf-,uaiiy;i', may have eoiispiivd to ;.'ive an appa rciitly slightly ;;rcater avera,ne tieplli of \\ 'i than at liie tiisi survey. This miiiii tcm-ss of sni vfy has dcvclopcti NfVfial small spots on liC naiiiiw eie-t line of the liar w licie there is a qiiaricr nl' a fallmm less water than uas sn]ip' ■ '•• Tlioe have already been dfscrihcd. This <■ xaminal ion has also iiairowtil tin- bifailth ei ' ■'• bar within the six fathoiii enrves sonthwaitl of thf I'our fatlinin I'.aiik. ?'/(( /(ii/^iw <;/' /Ac /)-()■ is formed of line j;ray ami black sand. Trom the western end of I'n' '""'111 fi"l 1 I'-aiik for four or live miles alonu the bar In the southward ami eastward, and o'l in outer eduf of il lu ei^dit fathoms of water, ihf lead will fr Hal iint'iitiy briiiH: up Iiviiiji piece; ll ''!' Oil I side the lint' of six fallioins, and on the I'oiir fathom I lank, tlie 11 m and lilacU sand is mixed with line sjiecUs of mica, and iiccasioiial!y with miul in six to ten fall I' -ilif the bai i: iddilioii to Im-.-.' In .liine, 1 » i 11 piece.s III \l II ShijiChi '111 -hole on ,1 li.iiil il liloil^'h [HV, lollsly foil III .1. \ swell, It I'll.lMI'Icl of II li.lhl.T. ill lss| a ' ■ ' of th I I "■.iteliin M'i'ii luiiail si re :1m! I'le liiinmi I II .ipplnae imliii d al til N.S "iil\ Iniii and a '•^ilili < h.iniiel; It !•* imt siillieici *"lllll|illi,'S. ' Luliiiia iatliiiiii?i-cxi.i'iitrit;tis. y PACiriC COAST 1'II.OT. 2t)'J h M Icixl fr('(|ii('nlt.v l)rinpsiii>, ,;■ nlililioii to llic ^'I'liv anil Ithkck saiiil, lirokcii ami li V(^ slu'lis about the. Ni/(M)ra licaii half an iiKtli In-,,'.' Ill .Iiiiir, 1H7 I, a lr\v (Ir(>(l;:iti;jx were mailc on tlif har to verity llu' survey of llie previous year, II iiii't'i's of li\ in;; iM'liniii'4 were a;;ain liroip^'lit up fr|\ I'liund. One dredi,'iiiy; was iiiaile on the western end of the Four I'lithnui liaiik in a I,. I , \ swell, liiit iiotliin;; found. Outside the six fathoms, and especially alioul ten falhonis, the r!iii iiier of the liotloiii is softer than on the liar itself; and inside of si\ fathoms the liottoni is ; ll'irl'. Ill issi a tentative examination, carryin;; lines across the liar in niaii,\ places, vcrilied the, I \i.' iH'c of the shells aliove mentioned and the character of the liottoni. li watching' the liar from I'oint liolios diirint; the incomint; lar^e tlood we have occasionally ■.,:'. imad stretches i if discolored] water a mile Ion;; in the direction of the ISouth Shoal, indicating I,.,; >'ir Imtloin h.ld licen ilistiiilied liy the heavy swell. Ill .ip]iioachin;c the liar of .San l'"r,iiieiseo a peculiar feature in the cnhu of the water has been i..!h , ,1 at times. Some miles outside the b.ir is an iimlerlyiii}? stratum of daik brown water, which -!iii\\ > \ei\ plainl.N ill the wake of a ilce|isea \essel, which will displace the top slialiiin of liy;iit- 'liii' III' mud ciiloii'd water. .\l the same time a pi lot boat, draw in;,' only nine t'eci, umild make no -iih'A.iUc. At other times this dark brow ii water reaches the surface, and the iKPiiiidaiy liii« lii'tuiiii it and the onlinaiily colored water is tpiite distinctly marked, havin;: a mi>\ement in it like that of a tide lip. Thi' pilots report that they sometimes Iind this dark brnun water as far II ;l^ -ihe Heads." Ill I.S."»7 we found the water of Tonuiles IJay a dark li\er coNu; but the cause i I cither ca.M' is unkiiow n. CiMiipaiisons in depth of water, etc., on th^^ bar with the exaiuinations made ]ire\ious to 1S,"),'> rill iimI fairly be insiiiiiied to delermine the condition of it in the times of X'ancoiiver, ITH.'J; KiiiliiN, lS-~ and is;'i',l, and l!in.i;;;old in lS,"il), because we m Uaiik. l!eielie\ reports ■iiilv liiiir and a half fathoms where he crossed, presumably over the southern edm' ot' the Main Siiip I haiiiiel; and his vessel slirieil up the sand on the bar. His survey indicates iiiuic water, lint, ; IS :iiit sullicieiitly detailed for comparison, Hi ng;,'old has no fractions of t'allioms and very few -'iiliniilius. BUOYS OI-l- THE ENTRANCE TO SAN FRANCISCO DAY I iir liiKiys (iiT the entrance to San l'"raiicisco IJay are of two kinds; leadiui,' in, or mid channtd iiHu\ -, cif w hicli theiearc two; and buoys markin;; shoals, rocks, oi- daii;;eis. Of (he laller cla.s.s iliiTc ;ie lliri'c on Ihe bai' |inipei, two in the ajiproaelies to it, inai'kinn' No nidas b'ock and Dux !iiii\ Keel, and one inside the Heads markin;; the led;;e oil' Fort I'oiiit. The Noonday llock and iiii\liii;\ 1,'ref liiiiiys have been described under the head of l>an;;eis in the Approaches to the I'lK. ,iiii| llie I'dit I'diiit l,ed;;i' I'.iioy under the head of I)an;;crs iii tlii' (Joldeu date. /''i( Aiiliiiiiiilir Wliistliiiii lliKiji niilsiilc tlif liar. — This buoy li.is hliu-lc !iiiii;; iiice/e It \aiies its note tVoiii a roar to a sound more like an ordiiniv steam-whistle; it also SHiimN tiiiire frecpienlly than in mild weather. Iili.sdu the line of l''(irl I'oint and Aleatraz Island Ia;;hts (or so intended in ]ilacin;; it). li'ilh (111 he seen from il in clear weather from the deck of a ves.sel, the Alcatra/, Li;,'lit sliowin;; till' In.' her. r. ■!! iMv -U ' Olivcll:! iiilditii, Ciirpciilcr. I I \'M1 m I ■:! I t m 210 I'ACII'IC (OAST IMl.KT. 'I'lu' lmii> lies two iiml one (|ii;irt('r iiiilcs tiiilsulc ilic si\ (miIioiii liin' of tlif Imr, iiml vcshcIs in )ia.s.siii„ it liir till' Main Sliip ( hiiiiiirl nIihuIiI krr|> ht't wi'i'ii mil' tliinl ami one iialC inili* iiiii'lli\vais tin' liar in Ilic ilt'i'jK'.st water ami at its n.iiiuwi'^l pail. I'miii liiis Wlii.sllinj; I'liioy we have tin- luiiowiii;; lu'aiinj,'s ami ili>tam'(s to |iroiiiint'nt objccls: i'liilll lliMlrln l.l^lll-llKIHK Iliniili' l>ai' ItiKiv, ill '.I riitlinniH . Si':il IfiM k><. Ill)' I'oiiit l.oliMH I'liil I'niiil anil AliiiUa/ l.ijjIilH. |)iiNl>iir,\ li'i'i't' lliiii,v, ill I'.' lalliiiii Siiiilii'ast j'aialliiii I-ii;lil , N. I.-, i;. N. :a K. N. f,:l i: N. :.!* r,. '.1; t'J N '-".'i \V. •s. r.ii \v. ;| mill' '•i. III ill' 'i mill' ill' .« irili' iila\ KiiiU. Ilrll I!ii..v S. T'.i W. I'.iJILl U, ys I.i-lil It'iirk nil I'liilll San I'nirii N, r.- \V. s. .-.1 i:. I'uiiil MciMlaia Ki'K-w Instil' S. |-.'j i; tll^ MlilrH. '.':ii IllllrN. *J'.'^ liilIrM. \'i lliili'i. I.'i Illlli'H. Soint'liini's Taliit' Mountain I'cali (Mount Taniaiiiais'i. Mimtaia Mountain, ami lias Papas cai 111' sci'ii ii\i'r till' (o;; in appioai'liiii},' tiir liai, ami tl;i' lii'aiiii;;s ami ili.stanrt's of tlu'.so I'lom iln \\'iii>liiii'' I'liun air as tollows : H if.: ■JaMi' MiMiiilairi. i;a.>.|ini I'l-ak. '.'.V.ll fnl l.i^li l.a« l'a|ia>, nr tin' ra|i<, '.I",'.'! fi rt i.'.'li U v.. lUiiiili' N. Ti i; III} llllll'l Ml in I aril Mmmtaiii. l.r.ln Irvt lii;;li S. i:. \lk null- roit Point ami Alcatraz Islaml l.i;j;lit loiiscs in laiii;! Insiilf Hiir lliuni. — This Imoy lit's wrl! iiiNidr tlir 1 ami liaifwa.s towaiils tin- '• llcails." ii is a tirstilitss ninihiii'ii witli hlncl; tinil irliiu jn i jn in'iiiildr slrijns, plari'il in iiiiio ami oiii' lull falimiiis of wati'i' at cxlirrm' low tiili's. oxer a liottoin of lini' j^iavri ami Inolvin .shells ; ami it iiii > lie passi'il I'loselo on either side. It Ins t wn anil om'-i|iKii I rr miles insiile the inner six fathom liii< of the liar towai'ils the South .Shoal l!m>y. I in I I uo ami a hall in lies insjilo the .same line at the M.nn Sliip Channel. It is placiil on the line through the W hi.silin;; iiiiov, l''oi t Point iii;;lit, anil Alia tia/ Islaml l,i-ht. I'l'iin it \vc have, the Ibllowiii'j lK'ariii''s ami ilistanees to prominent ohieets: I'mIiiI Piiiiii'ta I.i^'lil Imii I.iliii' I'liilll riii;-wliiHllr l''iirl I'.iiiit l.i;;Iil-li(iii,-.r Alralra/ islaml I.ikIiI-Ii N. 1 \ .-, N. ., I K, 1 I.. I i: I i: .Sinlli .slma! Ilmn, ill .". I'alliMiiis .s. 1- \V, Wliislliii;; liiiin. in I,". I'allmms iinlsiilr till- liar .S, :,.{ \V. DIariv I'.ii..;- nlV wrsi iiiil I-'iiiii-lallmm Maiil;. ill r.< falliiuiiH N. -.' U\ Ijlai U anil l.'.il liiinv nl) lasl i ml I'liiirlalliiiin Hank, in lit rallmmH. 1 ml "laiks Iiiiiirln C'liaiiiii' 1 N. •.'•". 1.. '."J mill's, r.i lllili'M. 4 iiiilrN. 7i lllili'M. !l! mill's. .''l,^, llllll'N. :i lllili'M. mill' The Mill ili)iiniil [imiji iu ninetei-ll fatlioms lu'luien "llie lleails"at the entianee to San I i in Ii.iifa mile lon^ iinrlhwest ami .soutlii.ist, ami lies a In mi two liiiiiilreil ami iii \ yaiils insiile the liiioy. With a lieaxv swell on the liar, tlie shn.il iiisnlc the lmo\ liieaKs. ami is si'ls shoiilil njvi> i; a lierlli of half a mile on elllnr snle. A lielllmoy hail Ini'ii plaeeil liile Iml It 1 1 iMii'i w as upset ami replaeiil li.\ this one. Vessels shoiilil ;;i\ e this liiiov ,i liei th of half a mile ol side, .liist inside ol' the liiiov the liar In reaUs whenever tlnie is a lieax \ .swell upon it r.il' the Siiiith Shoal Iliioy we ha\ e t he follou ini; l)eariii;;s ami disl '' lii>lliii^ limiv, iiiilsiili' till' liar in l.'i I'.illinnis \\ . liisnli' liar ilmi.v in '.i^ rallinii l'iili:l linni'l I l.iylilliiinsii Miil-i'lianiH 1 |iiiNiliiiii lirtw Kiiit i'liilll l.l::lii (Mill- i.'m Niirlli Sral i.'iM k, nil I'liilll lilies to promini'iit oo|i'its .' .*<. a mill's. \ -j: 'I'll "llli' III'; lis" N.:'.: k nil lini').. .N.:ii l.llllltM N . 1.- I i-; I K Di'i'.in Siilr 111 i; II! inili'M. .^; intli'M. .''ij lllili'M, T.( lllili'M. mill' Main C'laiiiml airnss Ilir i!a N.'ll W. '.'i inili'D. 1,111 . l.ii; 11 iiliii'i'i'- PACIKIC COAST riM)T. 211 /;»..)/ (>;» llir in si nul <>/ Fourfnlhnm I'xntk.—To murk tlio wpst ciul of tliis hank, ii Jirnt rlnsH 1,1, ■■mil, imintid hlock mnl niimhnril 1 liii.s hcfii pluo-tl in hcvimi f.iHiinii,s of \v;;t('r lit tlm «'\tniiio li.u I, .Irs, (i\('i a Itiilliiin of line ^rc.v aiitl black Hand Just oiilsitlc tlir har. TM'ls sill III III ^'i> til tlir siiiillicasl (if tills liiuiv almiit iiiit' t-if^litli iif a in lie, ami I lien ,i,,i i.ii j'lil I'niiit l,l;;lit, ;;i'ailiiall.v opi'iilii;,' Puiiil Itotii'ta Ia;;lit ; liiit tin- Main Ship Cliaiiiirl ,i(iii-s ihc hiir in lliirtv four tn Ihiil.v tivi' fiTt is only one ami a halt'inilf.s smitli liy fast (S. Iiy K.) I'liiiii this liiiiiy. To Mil' imitlirasf (if this liiiny tor one niili' ami thrcf ipiarfcrs a tlt'jith of not h'S.s iliiiM loiir r.illioms is rmiml across the I'oiir fathoiii iiaiik. I'mtn I his liiioy wo lia\o the following bearings u.iu distuiuuvs to proininnit ohjccts: |1,i1Ii'm:is I'll! lit N..'i l;lllll I'liil .'i K. 1^ mili'H. AI'Mtra/ l-t' I'liiiit lliinila Li^lil-liuiLtr, III.' lall.T N.i;.'. K. 1} mili'H. S.al K.irk, nil' I'liilit i,.ilMiM I!a^l ''i imiI.',s. .\l III!' r.ii.iy, Mount Mialilo is iliicrtly over the I''ojj Si;;iial of I'oiiit iioni'ta. I'll' III lilt the iiist I ml I'f I'liitr /iilhniii Hunk. — 'I'liis is a first rliiss iiiinliiinii, irilli hlmk and rvd l,iiii:,'iiliil slrijHS. It IS plarril oil tl astcmiiiosl fiiil of till' l''iiiir'fallioiii Hank to iiiarl; llii^ bank ami .iN.i till' wi'st siilc of llm Moin'ta Channel, ll lies in seven fallioiiis at extreme low liile, over a jiiiih'iii .if line ;:ray anil lilaek saiel. Tint inner eilge of the tliiei' ami tlir inarters fathom |i,ili ll .'11 111.' I'".iiir fallioin Hank is two miles west half north from this bnny. A vessel can carry i,nt I. ~- ill. Ill t.iiir fathoms over the bank when the Itoneta l.i^lit liears anythiii;; .south iif east half iiuiili. \i'ssi'ls lioiiml ||iroii{:li the I'lOiieta ('haniiel shonlil particularly note that this liiioy lie.s rli'.ii III' till' easlein e.xlremily of the I'^oiir falhoin li.tiiU, bill tlies slioiilil ailhi'ie closely tu the i'aii;:rs riir that chaiiiii'l to avoi.l the bank. I'r.im tills buoy we have the followln;;- bearin;;s ami tlistances to prominent objects: T'liiii ll.iii.'la l.i^litliiMis" anil Ali'ntra/. iHliiml Ia;;lit'li.>iisi' just ..p.ii II 111.' s.mlli \. H.'i Iv I mil.'. I'iMl r.iilll l.ifjill N, TT i;, :t inii.'s. .Mill cliaiiiirl |Misiliim lii'l wi'iMi " 111.' Il.ails" .s I'll |;. [\ mil.'. .Sdiitli Sialii'iirk III! I'liiiil I.iiIhw S, I,. 1',, •.',' mill's. liiMili' liar llii.iy ill '.I', rallinins ,'s, ■.';. W '.'; null's. S.iiitli Sliiial Hiiiiy in (LHalliiinis S '.'I W. ri^mili-N. Wliislliiiu' K.iiiy nil' III.' liar ill l,'.| I'alli.niis S, II W. T', mili'H. \\ 1^1 111. I I'.iiii ralliiini Hank llii"> iiiTlalliiiiiiH S. ii,'. \V. H mill's. liii\l.iii> Ki'i r llii.iy in I'J l.illi.iiiis N -- \V. T) mill's. lliis liniiy lies on tin' imiilji' of I'niiil ruini'ta with .Mcatia/, l,>lani| I/i^;lil just open to the -iiiiili. I 111' . .iiiisi' lioiii it III the Wliisil'ii;; liiioy oiitsiile t lie bar carries a vessel t liioii;:ii the Main Sliii. I li.iiiiii'l ai-iiiss till' bar. 1 " line fii'iii it 111 till' l>ii\liiir\ b'l'i'f I'.iioy passes ilireelly across the slioalest spot of the l'"i'i ■ ' li.iiii ri.ink (111 three anil tlin'c ipiai lers fathoms). ntiiv.s 111' nil'-. iiiiM'VrA <'ii,\nm;l. \\ iilnii I 111' last year the rmiieta ( 'ha unci has been buoyed so that vessels may iui« use it even *lii'ii ;lii' I. Ill' iiiiil b^ick raii;;es are hidileii by fo;;. mist, or siimke. It soiiielimes happens in ipiier, ' 'I ^^.iillier that the siiiuke ii|' the city is drifted slowly over the eiit ranee of the (iolde.i 'nil', ilnl lliesi' buoys are then of ;,'reat servici'. I "1 ill.' ileseiiptiiiii of the channel see pa;;e 'iO,S, and for directions fur passin;; tliroii;;li it see >.iili;i'.; Iiiri'i'liiiiis I'll!' vi'.ssels eiileriii„' by the Hoiieta ('lianncl. /;..)/',', I Cliinniil /.'i((ii/. — This is a first i fuss uitii Inini/ imliitnl hlurk nnil ml liiiri:niitiil .slripis, iml i> |,1 inii III si\ and a half fall s of yvit-r over a boltoin xt' line yiay sand, ll is al the i';isi,.ni:M,,.t I'll. I III' the Koiir falliiiin I!. ink and on the west side of the I'.oneta t'haniiel abreast l'"iiii l;.,ii,.|;i i.ightlioii.se. It lies Koiith si.\ty-tivo degrees west (S. tl."i "> \V.) from IJoneta Light- i( i >«'■■ h i ruPBH i H I )1) PACU'lC TdAsT I'lLOT. lionso, iitiil vt'iy ncarlv imll'M inili" (lisl;iiit. Al tlii> liimy, AlciiIrM/. Islniul M^lit lioiisv i,; just opt'ii to tlio smith of I'oiiit [loiii'tM I,ij;lit house. The (h'cpcst |>iirl ul' thi- chiiiiiit'l is liiilf wiiy l^'.'twccn the Imoy iiiul Ihi- I.i.uht. It is i>iiss('il on cither haiiil in j^oiiii; out ; that is. it is (lassed on tlie port hand wiii'ii a vessel is Koin;;' tiiroii^iii the lioneta Chaniiel, or on the starhoiird liaud wIhmi sIm' i passiiif; aloiij;- nnih'r the I'onrlaiiioMi I'.ank loi' tiie Main Ship < hamiel. In coniinj'; in throu;;li lie r.oncia Cli iiinel il is passeil on the starboard Iiand. I'ldiii this hinn. I'ort I'oint T.ijilit house liears luirtli soveut.vseven dofirccs east (N. 77 I', distant tiiree miles: ^Fi!e lioeks bear south si\iyll\e decrees east (S. (>,"> lo.) distant one an' sevencijihlhs nules; the inner niidi'hann i-l ')''i.\. in nne' and a half t'atlionis. south tweniv Tn • de^'ees west, distant two and three eighths niiies ; tin' black bini,\ on tiie east side ul' the chanie north I'oriyfoni' de^'rees west (N. It" W'.^ distant sexcncijzhtlis of .1 mile: and tin^ led buo\ , i' ihe northwest entrance to the channel, north sixty li\e dej,'ices west |N. ■ .nds lioili It a ted on the east side of t he chan and in le third of a mile outside the three-falhom enr\e. It is abreast the \ailev of 11 Uodco Lai^oon. which opens ui)on a low sand.v shore about one ipi.ir'er of a mile Ion;;. In enterini; tlie chaiiiii'l from the iioi ihwest wanl, it is jjasseil on the jiort hand ribmit three liuinlred y.\ii\- distant, At this buoy, the outer Seal Hock ,i.l' Point I.obos and the red and black striped buo\ nil Point ridiicla are in raiiui'. I'roiii t Point lioneta I,iu;lit house bears south siNtyseven di-^^icc^ east (S. (17 !■"..'! distant one and oiie-ei;:lith miles; the red and bl.ick stiipecl buoy soirth forty Inn, di'Uiees east (S. II Iv) distant seven ci^ihths of a mile; ami the red buoy, at Ihe northuc--' side of the entrance tn the channel south ei;:htyt'oiir o the west side of the northwest eniiance to the P-oiieta (T'lnnel. I: is li\ e cij;litlis of a mile from the nearest jioint of ihe rocky shore to the northeastward, and T'li nessee X'alley opiiis to the north by east half ea>l . .\t this buoy Point IJoncla Li^^ht house ami tlio cross on I, one Monnl.iin are in ranue. l'"ioni it Point Pioiiela I.i^ht house bear- south seven! . •\eu di';.:rci'S ea-t 1 S. distant one and t hrcr ipiaricis miles ; the leil and blai'k stiipcd uov oil' point lioneta soiitli si\t\ li ve east (S. ti,"i 1:.) distant 01 le and Iwolifths ni the black buoy on the east side of the channel mu'th ci;;h|y|'or- de; ;rees ea d (N. SI !•;,. dist: one-li ird ol'a mile; and the Mnvliiiiy Itccf l!uo\ so'itli ( j:lit\ se\eii dc;;Tees west (S, s; \W\ ,1, taut si\ and one i|iiaricr miles. In addiiion to these rcLiakir biiovs. markiiiLrlhe \arioiis sho.ils and channels o\ei the '• bnovs.iie soiiieiimes placed to III, II k tenipiU'aiA obstiiici ions to na\i;;alion: bill such liiio\s ,1; remov ( (I u licii the obstruction no huiLier exists. In l.ssT 1 1 lere u as one such lino\ on iIh' bar. Siiit /■>.(;/. /veil liiir. irii 1 1; hihiii. — This (./(Cr/i j biloy wliiih m,iii>cd ! he wreck of I lie i'.^dmlf the soiithein put of '^e bar has 1 11 icmovi'd, as the wreck lias been destroyed. It la\ li\e (piarter miles soiiih b;, west half west ,'S, by \V. \ W.) from P.oneta Poin! I,i;ihl h oiise GKNKRAI. SAILING 1)1 1< I-CTIONS lOI-i A I'F'KOACII I NO A N .3 KNTKHING SAN I'RANCI BAY • if' In .liipidachiii',; the CO, 1st in the \ ii Inil \ of San I'r.iii •isco It is of j^iiMl iinpcu ta.iiee 'li rale deiei iMinalions ot' a Ncssels position should be obtained, as toi,rs ami thii'k weather are a| prevail near the kind. Some of Ihe fo^'s ai di'iise aii.1 dark. :iiid Ihe « atcj- for d.i V s and i'\ en ui'cks ; some lian,^ oNciin'ad about one i.r t v tin:; llic low 11 e lit s and ol lier aids to nav i;;al iiui to be made out. le close to the siirlai A o hniiclr.Ml tcel. pel Tlie immediate approaches to S,m Kiancisco P.ay are lavoraMc; tie' l.indmiiks arc l)oM easllv lccoe|o/ei 1: llie b :his. aiul whistles aie iicail\ Mifliciciii ; and the entrance ■llMTiiOi 111 li.iijiiin III Sail l''iaiii'i-Mi liiiir lir-iila-s .sriii lalH ;Of ;il\sa' •* rtiiisiiiL; inilsiili' tin- In '•rr;it.'Ml |illi>l I. .Ml- u nil l\M'l;l> li 1 In' as llic rariill ■», anil tin. uiln.r aieiiint tlie liar. Mo ■•i'lii-il i<( li.'^h, -,, ( III III.. ,-,||| ,,(■ |i. I iiiilii 1. tsTM, ||||. |ull. Ill clrar wcailii r, at'li'i' a vi'sx'l iias i-io.-iscil lln' liar, tiicn' aii^ .mihji' infcaiitioiis |,i 1m' ;;i\('U III a stiaii;;!'!' att»'iii|i|liif^ tin* i»assa;;r (liniM;;li the (inldcii < 1 . It isiiitcilv iiiiinai;- liiMliic loaiulidr ill tin' < lolilcii (late itself, ami (iliiy t wii aiii-luira;:;fs inside ■■ llie Heads" are rel'ei red 111 III tile detailed descriptiiiii. The cinreiits aii- very st ion;; and very irieunlar anpiind I he tliller (111 j.MJiil.s ami iiiiinnd tlii^ Mile linei.s. The Ihiml sets slnniL,' Inwards ail the points nn the mirth >lieir, and the (')ih sets tnwaids I'dil I'niiit \ ciy striin;;ly iiiid iire;:iilarl.\, with an eddy at times lll|ii< I the west side dl the piiinl. Willi a j^diid liree/e ami elear Weather, a ship shniild lie ^rnided in liei' cdiirse tliriiii;;li the ('nil.!. II (late liy the land rather than by the eoinpass, espei-iall\ as the ishiiid>, points, and lii^h li:ii'i^ uioiiiid i Is ale eiiiliayed elose nmler tln^ m in ln-rii points when the ''i ml is d.\ in;; i at, and are in daii;;er 111' III ii;,' (Miried (III the '.■ocNs li\ the stroin;' s'virliiii;' eiiireiil-i. They may anelior in I'.nneta < 'o\ e ell llir liorlli, ov ill ImmI I'oiiit lii.^lit, east of Mile I toe Us, on the south si.le, iiiit I he la tier is espe- ri. illy to he avoided; and a liu'i^e vi^ssel anehorin;,' there shonld not alteinpt to j,'et underway »illi(ial the assistance of a til;,'. II a vessel lias anchored near the inside iJar iJiioy or towa.ds the mid ehaiinel lieiween tim 111-. uN, it will lie found tiiat diirii' ;■ the siiiaiiK'r I hell' is lil ill' wind tioiii midiii^^lit nnlil ten o'ciocl^- III the iiiiMiiin;,'; i;enerall,\ the sea Inee/e sets in at this time, lint if it is not strong;' emini;li to ilniv. tliiinii;li the (ioldcii (Jate (which may be readily ascenaiiicd from aloft) remain at aneiior or I.ikr .1 III^'. At iiiulit, vessels under wa> slionld not alteiiipt to run in at a late hour, esiieeially if the elili liili' IS aliiiill to malvc, liecanse llie re;;nl.ir siinriier sea luee/.e dies out helween the lleiids Iiefoie iiiiiliii;^lil. llasterly winds, are \ery rare. Willi soullieast w mils, \ easels ma \ cross t lie liar liy 1 he Sniiih ('h.iiiiiel to windward of the Honth Shoal i! iioy, ami iveii w iih an elili enrreiit may filch ;lii' .iiii'lini.i;;v> otV i'.laclc I'oiiil without tacUiii;,', liecaiise the stru'.iij »'lili fvoin naieooii Si raits ami llir iii'iHi liav cuts IImi vcsm'I on the lee liow, II, , III Old I nary weather, suminer .»r winter, vessels may er.i.--s the liar anywhere south of the Four- l.illiiiiii liaiik that the wind will iiermit. With Ilie usii.il summer w inds sipuirerii^p'd vessels I iii-i- ii iiilrd can iiirely cross liythe South Clianml ; with the wind well to the west ward lliey I'.iii i! I Ml. In southeast weather, \ csscls may cross by the Sou! h Channel belbie it be;; ins to break ; >. ill II I 111' u hole liai' is I Ileal, in;; a sailiii;; \essrl must i ro>s li\ the Main Ship ( 'hanncl or he, id otf >liiiiv, but a .•iteaiiier may cnlir lis the Iloiieta Channel, in tln^ Soiiili ('iiaiinel, w illi a hea\y swi'i!, St diners would roli badly, but do not piti-h so lie.i\ ily as in the Main Ship Chan ml. In the liiiiiiM Cliaiiiiel, morenver, there is a de|itli of fi.iiii ei;;hl and a half to nine talhoiiis of u ater, and Nir.uiii IS may enter and leave by it in tht^ iieasiest Miiilheast weather. It is now well luiuyed; Ml' Diieetioiiv lor cnleriiii;; by it. Nearly all sninimr tl e vessels t'lom the no.thern coast iiin •'ti.ii.;!a across th(> l''o;ii'iatliiiiu liaiiU, c\ eii when it is breakiiii,'. The Urili^h sloop ot' war ('niiiiix |M-^i 1 1 nut (i\er this bank at a time w hen ihe swell was la rue but not break iiiLT. A > I >>cl slioiild not aiichoi ii|ion the liar, lieciiise the swell ml I in;; in a;iaiiisl the ebb ('urrent lii'iihiro a filioil, liea»y .sea th.tt makes such aiielioia;,'e very iincoiii fort able and at i imes dan;;er- i'ii>. .\|iiieo\ei. a vesteily nionml swell may come n|i without any waininj. '".'••.'''.'•'.""■■"'''"' it i'~t IVeipieiitlx inipossiliU* to see more than a \ r ''il's liii;;lli, and extreme ' iiiliiiii must be exercised in approacliiiii; the bar by t hose iiii.icipniinled w llh I he coa>t, cm rents, .iiiii »i!ids. The safer pl.in is te lr\ to make tin .Vuloin.ilic Whisilin;;- Ibioy, or '• the I'.ull," l.siii;; liln-i II 1. 1 1 In mis oil the .M.iiii Ship ( 'ha line I across the bar. I'l om it, i the b.ir ill li\ e ai il li.iil l.illiipiiis (Ml a imrlheast half east [}il]. k V..\ course, wliicli will lead thioii-h the middle of tin tiiiMi II < l;iie. Soon iil'ler i'ros>iii^r < ||,, i,.|c_ (|,,. ,st( am t oi; >iri'ii dl I I'oiiit iloiieta should be heard. •imi r.iie iMiist Ih' taken not t It biiiifi; II to ar an\ I liiii;;' ea.>l of lun i heas' ( M;.\ Ifll iiriciit is I'liiil II u ill c.ii ry a \ essci in scrv iiearlv on her course to abreast of I lie Hointa. Channel, w hen 111' I ii; .111 t tliliiu;;ll til it channel would prob.ibly set licr sli;;litly to the souiIiwmhI. Iftlieci niii 1^ .lib il will be aliuosl directly ii;;aiiist Iier until nearly up to I'oint Honeta, when the ell'icl "I till' I iireiil must be watdii'd. There is llsii.illy a ver\ stroiiL;' eiirreiit lip tor seNCial hundred iaiil.M.il I'liiiu Hoiieta, If a coiiise i.s taken from one mile nortli of the A\'liistlin;i l!iio\, sleer Miiilln i.| iiy east (NM. b> IMaml follow t ho sjierial instruct ions elsew here ;;l\ ell. ■'. * B ^1' ! '., \\Ul 214 I'Acii'ic COAST iinrr. Tlii> It-ad call not lie used after ontoriii;; between tlie Ili-ads, hut soon al'lcr iia.ssini,' I'orf I'oji i the water slioals so that it is ay^iin avaihihh'. The main aid to navij;ation in tlie (iohh'n Gatodnriiipr the fo;;s istiiesleaui Fo^'-whistlc on liir eastern rock close nndcr I.iine Point. (See (lcscrii)tion, jiajre 17!'.) It can 1" ilistinclly hcaril ai ili. Heads ami evi'n for ([iiite a distance outside of tiiem, and also well inside tlu^ liaibor. I.'cljaiir. nnist lie especially jilaced on this whistle, because very fri'(|uenlly the b•■ be heard iiiilil a vessel is abreast of it. Ne\ eilhelcss several steamer c.iptaiiis report thai tlui. is a ]iart oftlie eiitiance, between Mil*' Kock and I'tirt I'oint, where the Linn I'oint I'oj;' whistle i- not heard, althoujrh they hear it outside, and again hear it w hen oil' I'orf I'.. int. The toi,' driving;' ii through the (lohb'n (Jate continnes in a nearly stiaight line or conip.i. - uniss Ibr some tiaie, SI that the .south shore inside of I'c.rl I'oint will be cmiiparalively free In. in fog. or light up at timis until it has linally settliMl over land and waler. N'esselscaii therelbie (.i! i advantage of this by passing around I'ort Point as closely as jiracticablc, liiit it iiiusl be pail . iilarly reuiembered t' .it the ciiireiit tlimugli the (ioldeii (late readies six and six tenths miles ]•■■ hour, with heavy cuireiit rips and boiling, whirling wati r. The ebb ciirrenl around liiis pmiil i- strmig and very iricgiilir, and temls to crowd a X'essel on the norilieasi face of the jioint. If ll.. wind is light alter passing through the (ioldeii dale, and the current llood, it is iiiipeial i\ < ' iiecessaiA to keep ovc'' towards the south shore, as tiiis ciiireiit sets strongly tciwaids Arch aii'i Shag Uoeks. A \essel m.iy uiicIku' in ten fathoms under liie tail of the Presidio rthoal if she liuiU it necessary. N'essels a])proachiiig the Piar of San Francisco at night must not be misled by a hrii/hl ilnln, thjlit placed o\er ]'elcgra]>h liill at an elevation ol' exactly tour hundred feet alio\ c the level of I lie sea, and theietbri^ possibly visible (ui the horizon at a distance of tweiity-thtfe miles; at a sheii distance it is seen as a light of great Inilliancy. It does not show ovi'r the wiiolc .seaward hoii/on, on aceoiii.t ol' inler\ cniiig hills, but strikes the horizon through .scM-ral depressions, as follou •- : Over the foiirlh drpression of I'oint P.oiieta, Just north of the old Light house tower, ami i~ limited liy the lieariiigs iinrlh I'igliiy tiveaiid a cjuarter degrees west to iKutli eightylbnr and a iIiimI degrees weM (N. s.-)i ^ \V. to N. SI;', W.). Over the second depression of Point l^>oiieta. Just .'iiuith of the old Light house tower, fniin iKirth eiuhty two and a half degrees west to north eightv two degri'cs west (N. >>L'.i W, to N. >J W.). Tliroui;!. jiart of the (ioldeii Gate, being limited on the north about twd bundled arid liri> yards imhiIi ol the Point IJonet;! Light, on bearing snuih eighty one and ,i hali' degrees ui si i.-'. SI.j ' \V.), aiicl on the south by the high ridge rising iii> triuii I 'oil Point, on Immi ing south se\( nu four and a iialf degrees west (S. 'i\.y- \\ .). Ovir the sand dunes thrceipiarters of a inih^ south of tlii> Seal IJocks, I'loni south lll'iv Inin and a (pLirter degrees west to south forty seven (b^grees west (S. fltl " W, to S. 17 ^ \V.). It is theiilbre visible lietwceii the '-Heads," but tui the noilhern side of the mid ehamiel ! • As there may be ciicuiiistances when this light woulil become a danger to navigation, a --i,, ,. examiiiatiiui has been made ni)on it from seaward under \ciy favorable iitmosplieiic couili:i.:- .\ \es-iil miulil mistake II Ibr the Pxuieta Light if the latter were obscured by a palih of (bu. I;i theexaminaiion wliieh was made, the electric light was not visible cui the b.ir mar the South Slm.il Buoy; imt at one and a half miles luit side the bar, in thirteen f.ithoms of w. iter, it was fust i - m4 over the sand dunes, and then (iiil.\ \ isible by the aid of a glass. ( »ii a <'ouise dui' iini ili ihi , i' r Whistling i;mi>, it was Ibund on the gi' en bearing through the C.oldcn t those \t1io are |p.irtially aeiniaiiiled willi Ihest^ conditions and yet refuse to take any risV; «iialc\er. Willie these lisks may ln^ cunsidered ;,'ieaf , iievert heless tlio-.e who will not, try '.o 111, live lliejr liorts ill fi);:i;y \*eatlier inil>t fieiillellliy wait a week, tu' e\en Weeks, lllitii the fo^sclear II |i --liilicir III ly lor till' land to lie made (Mil willi certainty. r.c^ides the < lo\ ernilicill otliceis w ho h i\i' 111 ide the surveys ahiii;,' the coast, and the many i\|iei leiiced masters of sailiiijj vessels, (here has i;rowii up on t his sealio.ird a iiody of masters and iiiiilcN III' stcani'UH who have to make their trips from San I''iaiiciscii tit the iiuillieiii ami soiitherii |iiiii> in t he thickest fie^s, and to lelurii on timewiihoiil, prolialily seem- nii.\ oliject half ii niih* (h-i.iiil dui'iliLf Iho \ o\aj,'e. These men lia\e leariietl tlie character ot t lieir \esvcls, tlie errois of llie I iiinpasses, tiie set ami force of theotfshore and the ill^h(lle cnmnls, the iiitliieliee of the wind in particular local i I ies, and the direction and slreiij;tli of the tid.il i in ii'iits. 'I'hey know the |ii'(iili iritles of t lie to;; whistles and ot' the antomalie, liiioys under all circunistances of wind, ur.itler, ami sea. They are famili ir w it li theasiiect ofi'vciy mile of shnie line close to the water's iil;;e. « hell the lii^'lier kinds are in to,' ; every patch ami Held of kelp ; and c\ery rock and lueak. 'flir> ha\ e t, 1 1 Ml la ted and iiiemori/ed every course and tlie time on each to the fraction of a, minute liii ;iil the \aryin^ eonditieiis id' tin' tide, swell, wind, etc. They are ceaselessly viuil.int day and iii-lil, and they approach a cape, point, rock, li;,dit, or port with coiilidenee, self I'cliaiice, and cer- tainty. \\"e lia\e sailed with tliein and Iiear te-,iiinony to ihese many i|iialiticalions which coni- iiiaiid success, anil without which time, capital, and liiimaii life would he jcopardi/.ed and freipioiitly sacliliccd. |i is ntleily impi-acticaiile to toriniilare the minute knowledt.'e cpf these navi;;ators; it. is of ;i cliaraiter wholly di>tiiict and ditVeieiit from that of coimnaudeis who liave the liroadest sca-rooin and the amplest onltit ot' men ami means. It is even impiaclieatih foi' themselves to ui\(^ iiiles I'lir this sealtoard Iiavi<;atioM, heciiise every tlipa:.d every vessel allmiis some new plia.>es or coii- ililimis (if the |iidlileiii. 'I'o aid these captains in this anxious iiav ligation, the steamship companies ,liic| the ;.;l'eat mill owiieis .shovv iiriv.ile li;,'hts at the dillcreiit liarlior wharves when a vesx-l is ('\|iccted ; or pive ot her w ami ii'^Mo aid t lieiii ill lea chum' their licit li or anchorage. These, hovv- ('V( r, may li(> eh iii;,'ed a I aii> ti ill'', and tlioiet'oie tliev are not men I ioned as ^■llides to the stran^'ers. \\ h le ue endeavor to y:ive full :.iid clear directions for the iiaviuation of the coast, yet the alinve iviiiaiks shoiiht he liorne in mind as indicating; tliii tired of u special training,' and aptitude, mi I Imld rocky coast so t'reipiently enveloped in dense to;,'. SAtt.lMI IHIJf.ClldNS WIIKN ('(iMINC. IIMM Itll': Si It 'I'trW At." t). Wlieil coiiiiiif,' from the southward it is custdmarv 'or steamers to make the coast ahoiit I'oint .Xfio Nni'Mi I'-Ieam I'o;; w liislle), ill latitude .57 (Kl', , ol' ri;;e'iu I'diiil ( lauhtdioiise mid steam Iol;' vvliisilci, ii\,' iiiiles flirt her nortli, and then follow it f > the liar, keeping; about threiMir four miles tidiii shoic 111 t'!oiii Ihirtv tofoity f.ithoins ot' water. 'I'Ikoc aeipiainted wiih lheciia>i line ^ladually a|p|ire,eli it and pass Montaia I'oint (steam fo-whi-ile) at a dist.ince of two and a half miles rtli.'c tJicic is a depth ol' twent.v l wo or t went v three fathoms. When Mnntira I'oint. Iiear.s oast li.v ii'iiili ( I",, hy \.) distant two and a li.ilf miles, I'oiut lioiieta I.i:,'lit hears north three (piarters Wist N. ; W.), distant sixteen ami a h ilf mih's, an 1 in cle.ir weather tli(> I lu lit should he distinctly seen and a course laid for it. This willpi-s roiiil Siii i'edio Ihick, which is three ami a half iiiilcs lo the northw.ird of Moutar.i, at a distain'c ot' two miles iii sixteen to sev eiiteeii f.ithoms, and the w Iter w ill sh'pal very eimlniHy to ih" hir, which on that coiirso can he crossed in live and Hiree .|ii,irleis fathoms leasi vv.it( r. Keep on t his couise ( N. ,' W.j ami I he he. ii in;:; of Point l!i>iie: I I,i;r||i niitii you open Alcalri/. Island l,i';lil Jiisi north of h'ort i'oiiil, l.i,::hl, when the mid- rlli:i!,.l position lietvveeli the lle.ids will he h.ilf a mile to tlie mulheast t hree ipiarters cast (XI'. i;. . f lis is tlie position of the old Mid channel \\ TI •nee the colli to the middle of tli • eiMra t'.aie, hut approacliiiiH; sli;,'litly ne.irer liinie I'oint. for t w o and seven-ei;;litlis miles is nicthiist hy iKMtli (N'H. hy N.». In one and oiietliird miles from this midelianiiel position '"•i^^e.ii the Fields the north jioint of Verha liuena Island opens liy l''ort. Point ; and in one and ■I liiM' miles VciIki jtiiciia i.jjriit, on the south end of the island, opens hy l''ort Point. At the N'tin. lull Ahatra/ Li^dit will ho oiiened ila halt' points to the northward of this last ratij^u m-'*'^ m ;4' -'.tl l'k; I'ACIKK^ ('i)ASI' I'lI.nT. m m Sis: i, /. m ifi tiM 1111(1 will lii';ir iiDrlhi'asl l>y < iisl onc-qunrtiM' i-ast (NK. liy I' ', M. or X. .W^ K.). Tlii.s will scrvti a clicik on tlio I'duiso tlu> vossol is iiiakiii;? in (iio .stron;:; ciirrciits {iciicially t-iiconntcnMl lici^ ('oiiliniic V(Mir f(Piirs(> until in niiil c'laiiiu'l bctwiMMi I'nit Point, licarinj,' sdnllicast liy soiilli (SI 1)V S.), and Lime I'i.int, liraiiiijr noil )ii(' i|narti'r west (N. \ \N'.), wlicn Ulntl' Point, at the lu Mil oast ontranct' to Kaccoon Strait, will lie Just oiiciu'd south of Point Cavallos, and Alcatraz I, wil 11 licar nurtlii'Msi Ity cast tlii'(M'i|iiart('rs oa St (NK. l.y K. ,' !■:.). I 111 CSS yon arc lainiliai' witli il icnl'allioni ipassajicbct wccn I'ort Point and llic western tail of the Prcsidici Slioal do not a|iproa( : I'ort Point, I'.it change your cotirscto cross the Presidio Shoal in the liest water en the hack laiii: of the extremity of I'oint jtialtlo on with the old tower of Point P.oncta ; or, if the foi^ has hiddc Point I'loncta, then stecrcasf liy north oneciiiarter north (11. liy N. \ X. or X. 7<> V..) for the nmi: [loint. of Ycrlia P.neiia Island and i)oinlinu: midway lietween lU.n'k Point and Alcatra/, Island linn on this course until Alcalraz hears north, then haul up towards t lie city front. ( >r, if da' k win' abreast of Fort Point, .steer half a (loint to flic northward of N'ciba P.ncna I.i.uhl. 'I'his cmir . paSM'S (MIC ql liter of 11 mile to the no. thward of the Presidio Slinal llnov, which lies in three ai a half fallioms of water; and over the Pre>idio Slmal is imt less than live and a half fathoms. Or, alter ii vessel has passed Fort Point, she may li.iul nji sharp under the south slioie alion' half il mile easinorthcast (ICNF.) from I''ort Point until Point lioiicia is open tun thirds ni i jioint 11. nth of Fort Point ; jiass alon;,' the south side of the tail of the I'rcsidio Shoal in nine ci ten fathoms on an cast by north three(piartcrs mirth (F. by N. |' N.) course, which is the li:. Fort Point anil north jiointof Verba IJui'iia Island, seeiirin;; a ran;;c on the t'ontrii (.'osta hill« Tins ('(Mil falliHiis o\er coarse sand and broken shells. This track h.is one fj;rcat advantage: ;i fog;,'y wc ulicr the smith shore is clear lon;,'cr than any other. At iiiiilif, when ciMiiin:.;' fioiu the soiithw.ird, biini; Point lloneta Lijjht to bear north t! irce (pi.ii ters west (X. ',' W.) and steer for it until Ahatra/ Li-ht is opt ncd Just north of I"(ut Point Li; iIkmi i'Iiaii;^c the course to northeast one(iiiiirter north (NF. | N.) for two and se\cn eij;li, .is miles to the middh' of till) (b)lden date between I,iaio Point and I'oit Point. When t uo miles on tin- course, and Just south of Point I Hablo, t iie Ycrlia liiicna l.iulit will be opened to the not I liward ci Fort Point Lij;lit. .\t the end of the two ami seven (■it;lillis miles, I'lnt Point laulil will li ,i southeast by soiilli i.SF. (lyS.)a little o\er half a mile distant; Alcatr.i/, l,i;;ht ea>t iioi tin .i-; iieailv (X, til) F.) two and ti\c>i\tlis miles di.stant ; ^■cl■b,l Kiciia l.ij^lit c:ivl three (pi. ulcrs iioi i i (F. ;j' X. or N. "^n^ F.) live and twothiids miles distant ; and Point P.oncta Iay:lit we.st sou(|i\\c^' (\V.S^V. iM' S. to the southward of that liearin;:, and cross the Presidio .Sh live and a lialf fathoms. Anchor olf Pdaek Point Alcatra/, Liuht bears north. Ill se\('n to ten fathoms, ,-oft liottom, uh irth, illiir is Ihiik III- fiuj(jii, steamers ni.il>e Point Aim N'lievo I-'o;; u liistle, and when ahn ,ct cs, wliicli luiiiu.s of it, l.iy il c(Miis(^ iioitlnve>i tliree(piai ters wi'>t (NW. '■\ W .] for i wcnty-thicc mil tliciii three miles sppiaie (Ml Mont.iia I'oint. in tweiit\ tbnr or twent\ live lathoms over bl.iek (>team lMi;.'whi>tle at M(Mit.irai. From this ]iosiiion the Whist liii;,' P.no\- oil' the liar in n: fathoms will beariioiili thiriy t wo dc-ices wc^t (N. ;1J- \V.) distant foiirti en miles; Poim |;.i Lii:ht and Steam I'o;; >iren north ciuht de;;rei cd;;(^ of the bar at l!ie .South ('haniiel (Mi the ^ weather is ind t ■;t (X. S W .) seventeen mih bearing' distant cIcv.mi and a half m.les. le soiltlic I : II ■;.\ ihiik.do not appro.nh the shore iii less than ten fathoms, but when in leu fatli(rii,.> on the outer edLje of the bar wail until the I''o;;-siren on Point Icincta is heard, ^ct its bc.iriim' aivl ciossthc b.ir with the lead .i;oinff; or, for safety, head to westward in not less than ten I. ill,.': or aiiciuM as seen in a If the master has a knowh (l;,'e of the currents and the peculiarities of hIi to.; wh n It lilts at times, he iiia\ run lor the ■I. I I'oj; siren bearing- mill ii'st (N'. h \V.|, ( ro>sin.i,' the b.ir in not less than livi> aiid ' hree (piarteis l.dhoms, until iiilc siMitlr. deepens to liltceii fathoms. This will place a vessel (ive-cii:htlis ot a n west {SW. ,' \\ .) Irum I lie mid channel position lietween the Heads, w hcic there is ninel. , n latl t hrceipiaiiei ■ If in doubt, anciior at once; ifsaiistied with Mnir »now ledj^e of the Ibree and din 'Clillll 111 ■nrrents, etc., sleer northeast onc-ci;:hth north (NF. i N.) Ibr three and one tl ird miles to the if the (lc)ldcn dale. Iiiit ,iii\ donliliir hesitation w ill lead lo d.iii^cr and [icrlmps loss, as I'ACII'IC COASI I'll.OT. 21 ■ I 111)' Costa liira. Tlii'iic*' tlif course is iiorlli scvfiit.v six dcjircos cast (N. 7fP E. or l'.. I>,v (■.|--r II N \.). crossiiij lilt' I't'csiilio Shoal liil^ir in not less tliaii live and a liaif I'atlioniM. hi ilu' liiii'li suninitT lojis tin' sinailcr coastiiii; sicaiiicrs from tin- lower coast ports sonietitncs licacli nortii of I'oint San INiiro wiliiin a niilf to catcii ;:llniiiscs of tlic land, and round liilliiNV I lie IlK' Seal Koi'Ks anil I'oint I, olios at lialflliat distance, sonii'tiincsjnd^inj; of tiicir proxiinity to tlie l.ittri li\ the roarin;; ot the sealions on the Seal HocKs. If the ehh-cnrrent is v«'r.v slront;, they ie the Mile IJocksand follow the shore towards I'ort I'oint. taking; adsantaf^c of the eddy |i:l»^ in-^ii rill!. Ill elsewhere referred to. and irv to catch the sound of llie fo}; liell. Wlieii the siiinnier fo^'S iiv iiiiiisMally heavy and prolou^jed, vessels inusl take these chanceH oi lie ontside for days, and 1111,-^1 11 Iv weeks. >ii I since the jilacin if the steam foi'W liisth' on l,ime I'oint, it is sater to run for the lloneta i'.w -11(11 on the north half west or north three ipiarters west (N. I \\'. or N. | W.) course until a ,|i|.! ji (if twenty fathoms is olitained. when I'oint IJom'ta should lie iiearl.N seveii-ev'hlhs of a mile iii>i,iiil : chaiij^c the conrse to northeast one tliiitl east (NM. :\ Iv) for twd and twolhirds miles to ■ lie iiiiddle of the (ioldcn date, when Lime I'oint will lie one third of a mile north, lint the \^l^,^lll' on Limi^ I'liint will lie lieaul when alireasi of I'oint iJoneta, and if the vessel ;;t'ts too closti III liic shore between I'oint lloneta and roini IHalilo, the sound of the Lime I'oint whistle will lie cm i iii;ikc M on 11 1 Tainalpais (the highest peak of the coast r,int;c to the m nth ward of the « I olden (i.lU . 1. iiL;lil(rn I iiiicrly called 'i'alile .Mountain i. u lien tliiit\ ti\c miles oiil-i, e the l''aialloiies ; then at iiiles ontside arc raised in siicicssion Mount Helena, Moiiiit Dialilo, Montara .Mdiintain, riiiiii liCsc' ll( San llriiiio Mdiintaiii, The I' iiiis, etc, ■al islet with the l-i;:hl I iiill-sinu to the northward of it avoid approaching one- ics south I weiityll\ (■ \ se\ ell llir Miilille I'aralloii. a veiy small roi'kv islet, liecaii>c thiie \\v< oil' it a rock lia\ iim' live and ijIKUt lallioms upon it, with Iliirteeii faihoms armind it. I'liis >nnkeii mck 1 i|c:;iic^ wist (S. \l'i \N .) t wotifths of a mile irniii the Midillc I'aiallon, and north si\t stiN.tiT \V.)t^ oami liiree tenths mih's tidiii the Li^^hthouse on the Southeast faial 'nil. Willi a verv lartre swell it lireaks at iiileivals on this rock. A vcs> may safely ji.iss .Iwniitlic Middle and Souilieast I'aralh 11 lliiilN si\ I'lthoms ot uater. liiit il is pret'eiah '111 ;i(U i^aiilc to pas> 111 the sou Ih ward of the .Sdiithcasi I'aralldii, especi.ills in i.;;ht airs, in I hick iMilnT. or at iiiiiht. Do not, howcM'r, appi'o.icli this islet within a mile, liccause a six t'allioui 'ik li.i< licen disco veifd l.\ inj: li\'e ciLihtlis of a mile souilieast from the l,i;;lil, iipdii w liicli liea\y ■Aills liri'ak. When the .Middle I'aralloii can lie seen ( lear dii eillicr side of the .Smitheast I'ar.il- 11 ,1 vessel IS (lear ol thisdaiit^er. From the Southeast I'.iiallon la^lit ihecouiseto the Whist- I'lUiA outride Sail Francisco liar in titleeii t'alliuu IS 11(11 II i\l> de;iiees east (N. till K. or M'.. 'u 1!. ; !■;.) and the distance sixteen and a half miles, with ic;;ulai liot loin of };ray sand sho :riiiiL lli.i ;\ to llfteeii fathoms. 'riii> Wlii.slliiiij //Kdl/, elsew lure dcsci ilied, li the ran;;eot I'm t roint and Alcalra/ Island ,'lit ^,;iiiil. under ordinarv coiidiiioiis tif refraction, the latter the hiiiher. I'idiii the Whist ii;; k ii(i\ the coiiisc acioss tlieli.ir ill iinl less than li\ c and a hall I'alhoius to the mid cliaiinel ''i>iliiiii ln'M\een the llead.s, is norlheast three ipiai lers east iM'.. ,' ICiand the distance seven and liriiM|iiariers mih's. 'I'his coiiise p.issesthe Inside II, ir I'.uoy in li\e and one ciuhili miles fnuii ill' ^Mll■^;llll}J HiidV. Km the licsi w.Ucr across the bar is li> the Main N/(//» Cliiuiiul. leaviii;; llie HIii.Mlui^ l!iio> one mile to the snail I w .11(1 and ciossiii;; the li.ir lu li\ c .iiid llircc ipiai ters I, it hums 'II a 11(11 iKi ,iNt hy cast one t|iiarler east (Ni;.li\ II. | I',.) I'oiii.sc, and passing the Inside-liar Uiioy "I'l'iiici 111 a mile on the starboard hand, ("diitiniieon Ihecnur.se liy raiiK'''* "ulil I'oiiit lloneta ■'•^''^ '"■•II' Ill tliree(|iiarters west (N, ,' W ) with Alcatra/ and Fort I'oint I.ijihts in ratine or Mi "ilK-D, lest Alcatra/. I.i;;lit lie hidden liehind Foil I'oint. I'roai I lis .loint steer nortluasi '""■'imit'i north (Ni;. | N.) which will curry a vessel through the (Ioldcn (iate nearly midway Wttfui, 1 ,,|t i'„jm .,,,,1 i^j,,,^^, i>,„„, ic ,1^. j.„n-eiits tend to force a ve.s.sel oil her course she may. 218 I'ACiriC COASI I'll.Ol'. ill (lavtimc iiiid clcir wt'iitlitT, it-ailily iiiaiiilaiii il li.v Kccpiii},' hvv raii^;t's, iif winch tlic islands, IHHiits, and C'lMitia Costa Iiills on the riiitlitT sidf tit' Hit- liay ;;iv(' aiiv iiiiinln'r. Keep (ilcar of llic t'tiui ^rtpiiiid (itV I'ml roinl.and wlicii tlic l,ij;ii? ini il hears soiillicast lt\ soiilii {SK. by S.i ainl Alcatra/. I.if:lil licars cast norllicasi ncailv ( l!N I), nr N. l (N. 7(. ' !■'.. or !•;. Iiv N. ', N. and poiiilMiu nil Iwav lictui'cn illack i'oiiit and Alcaliaz Island; or. il' dark, siccr diicctl.v I'lH. lialt'a point to the noilliward of, \cilia riiiciia l.iulil. 'I'liis coiiise passes o\er deep water one ipiaiterot' a mile to the iioilliwaid of llie i'lcsidio .Shoal r.iio.\. which lies in ihicc and a h.ih I'allioiiis. and over (lie I'residio Shoal in not less than li\ e and a hall' lathoins. ( tr, aller a \ essel has passed I'oit Point, she nia\ (as a head \ diiccled under the head ol Sallmj Dirt c!i thirils ti!' a pitint iiorlhol I m: I'oinI : pass ;d on an ca>I 1>\ i>ii;4 the south sitle til' the tail of the rresiilio Shoal in nine tir It'll Cat litiins ol w . iinrlli Ihree ipiai lei s niiilli A'.. Ii\ N. ,' N.icoiir- lulneii isihe line of l''oii I'. a I It I iioilli point of Veilia Itin na IslantI). securing: a ian;:i' on Ihe < 'out la < 'osia hills. This cui is in nine In I weh e I'al horns of w alcr, ami pas.-cs neai l.\ miih\a.\ liel ween the I'rcsnlio Shoal I; ami llie Aiiila Knck Spimile. ('oiilinne lo ihe aiiciioraue oil I'dacK I'tniil in from six lo i falhoiiis, soft lioiiom. tir oil llie iiorlh face i^f llie sea-wall al NtPith I'oint in ei;;hl to nine lailn t>ver coarse sa!ii| and lirolicii shells. If the ueallicr is li.id. liiit the liai is iiol ln'cakiiiL; too lie.iv il.\ , it ma.\ he erossetl h\ the '>! Ship < liaiinel li.\ laKiii;; t «!' or three hreaUers. We have ciossctl il sc^fial limes wiien ii lireakilii; ; in one ease a \ t r v l.n,L;f inu to ami was conn. IctcK ell'cctivc iwsei was lowtti aslcrii lo pre\eiil tlie sleamer from mlim; iHi.'f.i I idNs \\iit:N iiiMIm; ii;iim iiii: noim iiwksiw ai;|). m in J 'i^iil m Coining; frtiiii ihc iioi iliwest u aid. \ cssels iiisi make I'tiint K'txcs lleail ami lauhl in laliimli ,'fS' (M)'. loii;;ilinlf il';; (11. ami p.tss il a I a tlislaiicc of liom tnie lo ihiee miles in t went \ lo lliirl\ li\ c fallioiiis of waiei. or e\ en fill I licr out. It the iitirlliwesl I mil IS li;;ht, a sailiiifT v cssel ii,,i\ i.issllii; llie lose iMiicli tif il li\ passiii;; the |ioint nearer than two miles. 'Ihe swell tleerease^ aller | point: ami ihis isa\er.\ iii.irketl feature thai mav he taken ail\aiitaj;e of in thick weal hei. .\\ the seasiiii of freslieis ill tile Sacraimiiio lliver the water iiinlei I'oini l.'eves nia\ tirctlwiih the M'Uow nialeiial in siis|pcnsioii, ami Ihis iliseoloralion somciii iiorthwan! of I'oint Iliyes. I'loin I'ollil l;e\es jlcail tlie \\ hjslljli;: I'.lloX olV I lie har hears solll || SeVclll \ I liree il lie liilliii ili-i'ii! lies cxlcllds In llii e-recsi,i>I loiiis, siiiitli se\ i'ni\ luiii- (S. To i:. I W(iil\ 1 wo miles disiaiil ; l>ii\hiir\ liccf I'.iiov . in I w eh c fal 1 dejiit'cs easi S. 7;t M. i ei^^litecii miles tlistant: Soniheasi i''arallon l.i^hl lioiise. south I uiiii\ tle;;rees cast |S. L'n \].i seviiilecn ami a half miles: ami Noontla\ l.'ock soiilli h> west (S. !i\ W . folllleeii '•iilcs. il the weather is hiii a xesscl neeil not run lor the \\ hislliiif;- Kuov, hiil l-I \ iniii' w ■\A\ •,\ \V. t II ii^ •i 1„K, -in I'.-ii II ill' ii iiiit ,1 r,.iui III - ill- ,,i, !li:ll ,, ,1 I 'A' ■ I'l'iii!: 1 , .mil PACinc CnAsI I'IMtT. 21'J Or wlicn inside tlii' liiir in seven liitininis lav a ednisc ilireci lor Aleatia/, Isianil Ia<;lit benrint; I I, tifiv ei^'lit decrees east (N.."»,S K. "> ' W. or NW. Ii.v \N'. •, W.). 'I'lien steer tliron;;li the iiiitlille ot" ih,' (iiiiden Uato Cor I'oint Ulunt, the sontheast head of Anyel Island, heaiinf; northeast half nnrth Ni.. .', N). (.'(Mitinne as de.serihed nnder the head of Diieetions when eondn;; troin the sontlnvanl ami lioni the westward. ll the leather is very tliicN and I'oint Ue.ves has lieen made hv thefou' whistle, shajie a course l,,r ihe Whistliri;,' i5ni>,v (i>r the '• llnll") otV the liar. The onl.v flanp-r (Mi this eonise is that the iiiiiiiil Mia.v set a vessel in towards Diisltnrv l{eef; to unard ■i;:ainst this eiinlin;;eiH'\ keep tlie Ic. id 'join;; and do not inn into less than t weiit.N lathmiis ol water niitil w ithiii lour niiles lie iieaiin;; .--onlliwesl (S\\ .;: and when across, ,iiiil ihc walci dccjiciis lo seven fat hoiiis, steer a iioilheasi liy east ( N M. Ii\ Iv) eoiiise niitil von liciii ihi'l'oiiit l!oiieta I'o^' siren. A stranuei' slionid not atleiiijil to do an,\ more than cross the li.ir .Hid I'll II into ten tat horns and anehoi'. 8oinetiines Ihe I'o^' docs not lie on the water, I nit olijccls mil' liiiiidrcd to one hundred and llftv feet lii;;:li can I'c seen under it. In such a ca>e I'oiiil I'loncta mill llic l.ii;hl lionsc ma.v lie visilile, and a vessel may miter on Ihe iisnal course alter I'oint iJonela \>i\\\- iioi'lli three ijiiarteis west ( N. ,' W.) and the \ cssel is in mid chaniic! I'ct ween I'oint Lolios and I'diiii Uoiieta. SAILINti DIIIKCTION'S l-"01l VI-;.SSKI.S KNTKRINii IIV llli; lldNKIA CIIANNf.L. ii the Itar is hieakiii;; too heavily to lie risked, the only enl ranee is liy the l!oiieta Channel «itli ric.ir weatiier ; hiii c\en here, when in the narrowest jiail, the vessel's coiiise is for a short nine liiii.idside to the lai^e, short swell that has passed o\ ei the I'"onrl'atlioin I'.aiik. It would ll^^ il.iii-i-i oils lor a sailiii;^- vessel to attempt it with liylit winds; Init close under the hi;;li clill's for li\(' miles northwest of I'oint lloneta there is ancliin'a;.:e in northwest winds in ei^lil to ten fatli- "ins, (i\ cr an even liottoni of tine sand, .shells, and in some places nind. We ha\ e, howcv rr, pas.sed iliiiiii;,li llie Ijoneta Channel in a sailing; vessel, with a moilciaic westerly wind, li(nn aii aneluir- ,!;;(• il.inm'ioiisly close nnder theclilfs nc.ir l-'iank's \allc.\ (ls."»|). .\ vessel Iroin liie northwest, ImiiiiiiI lliioii;;h ihe Hnneta Channel, should make the Dnxlmiy Ki'i'l lliiov. Isin^ III twcixe fathoms one and one lillli miles st.iillnast (.SI-;.) I'rom the westernmost |i,irl 111 till' reel', and then steer east liy iinrih if). Ii\ N.) lor the hi^h miinniain one and two thirds iiiirs horlh ol r.oncta, w itli I'onil Itoiiet.i lieaiin^j one point to the sonthw aid of thai course, (let I i,iiii;i' of the rocky shore aheail with the Iiil;1i hind liclmid il and keep ii on. This I'oiiise, ea.st i\ iinilli (K. by N.), will carry a vessel over an almost le\cl liotlom of tv\clve, eleven, ten, and : iiir latlioms with line ;;ray sand near the bank and shore. ( 'oniiiuie the course until Iaiiic Moniil- iiiuiiiss is shut in behind I'oiiil lioncta and Hie wind null on the niutlieast side of I'oint Lobo.s miiis III i.iii^e with Itlne .Moiinlaiii, the liist lii^h peak west of Lone Mountain. (iSee view i|i|ii'iii|ril.i When this ran^'e is reaciied the vessel is in nine laihonis of waler, with nine and ii .ii.ntii fallioms inside her position; clian;;c the course and inn in on that i'an<;i' w itiiont tail. i'tiiiit r.mn't.i will bedislant two miles and open hall a point to the east w aril. This ian;;c be;u'.s ■until siMv lliree and one half decrees cast (S. (l.U 1^ or Sfl. Ii\ I). ; K.), and will c.iiry a vessel lii(iii;.;li the deepest watci (d the l!onei,i Channel and if all d.iii If tlic raii;;e ol' the lulls is hidden by mist, lot;, or smoke, the Kcd liiiov . which has recently I'cii jil.ici'd to mark the cMicme northern liinil of tlie I'oiii I'alhom 11. ink led as the northwest -ill' III ilic entrance to Ine lioncta Channel. ina> lie used. Il lies six and a qiniilcr inilcf. north ! .;lii\M\cn decrees east (N. ST !■;.) from the I»ii\bnr,v Uccf Ibioy, that is, in twelve fathoms. This 'lui.v.ilcsi'iilicd on pa^es P.tL'aiid LMi."i, is placed in .seven and a (jiiarter fathoms of w;iterat a distaiKto il li\r fi^lillis of a mile from the nearest shore; anil a vcssid may run from the Dnxbiiiy IJeef Ibioy iiiii vuiiise cast half north (10. .\ N.) for six miles in not less than ei^ht and three ipiailers fathoms "t wiiii'i, until this red bnov bears soiiiheasi distant iicailv half a mile, rassiny- this biiov on the -lailni.iiil hand at a distance of three liniidicd v.iids. the course tliron;;h the cliaiin el is south sixty- li\i' lit'- 1 ITS east (S. (),') ' 10.) for one and three ipiariers mile: ri IIS p.is.- ■s the black bnov on tlio •^linrc s|,li. ,,|' (|„. ehaniiel at a distance of iliree hnndred vards on the port hand at three lil'tlis of ■iiiiili' I'luiii the led bnov. and passes the red and lilack striped bnov on the eastern end of the four- '■illiiiiii I'.ank at a distance of three hnndred yards on Ihe starboard hand at seven ci;;liths of ji mil'' iViiiii the black buoy ; and it deal s t he rocks nnder I'oint Iiomt.i l,i^;ht house iieaily three Immlicd .v.uds, uud tUreetigUthd of a luile from the red and bla»:k striped buoy. •':' '^ ' «if' i fl ?S'Ui Vili: m'^^i 22(1 TACIKIC COAST I'll.oT. If (lie cnvii'iit 1)(> Hood tlironsli the cliiuiiu'l, llicrc will (ioiildlrss he a It'iKlvncv to set ii vosx voiy slit;liil\ towiinls llic slioiv. iiml llio licavy swfll will (crtiiiiilv Ihmvc :i ncsscI lowaiils Hk slioit'; if the ciinciil tic flilt tiir(iii.^li tlif clianiicl, tiiiT(> will in- soiiic IciMJfiir.v to set a vrss, towards ilic eastern end of tlit' Four fatlioiii P.ank, with the .swell hea\ in;; her inshore, so that ih ran;ie must lie eloselv followed until the vessel is ]iast I'oint I'.oneta, and eonlinned to mid eliannr! when she will tie inside the Meads and may shape her eoiiise as elsewhere directed. OraIN passinu- I'oinI lioiicta coniinne on the ran;;e until l'"ort I'oint and ilie iiorlli iioinl of Nerlia limn. Island iiic ill raii;:c and hcai inu' east liy north three qnailcis noi lli ; )•:. li\ N. ,' N.^ < 'liaii;;e ||, eonisc to this latter ranj;e and rmi until the sontlieast jioiiit of .\ii;;;('l Island d'oinl rdnnl)lie:M fnortli (Nil. .1, N.i: steer for it until the ohl tower on I'oiiil lioiicia is mi with tin noriheasi lial exih iiil.\ ot roint I tialilo, and fluMi follow previous directions. It' the Inruard raii^'c for the lioneta ("lianiud (tlie windmill on the iiort lieasi side cif I'min liolios on with Idue Monntain) can not ll(^ distinctly made out, the liacU ran;;i' for the same eliiin iii'l may lie ii.sed instead: it is <;cni'rally nunc disiinel than the fuiwaid iaii;;e. This tiacK i.in-c i.s Kockv Point on with the apparent hij^liest summit of the I'oint l.'cus i;id;;e. (See aciom ]iail,\ in;; \ lew. Ii'oekv I'oint lies six miles west norlhwest i W. NW.; from I'liint lioneta I.i; In iiortliweslerly wi'ather ttie ap|iroaithes to the lioneta Channel are smooth even iltlie I^'mir faitiom liaiik is tireakin;; heavily. It is assi'i'led that the current in the lioneta riiannel runs llood when the cnircnt |i,isi l'<'iiii lioiiela is (till. One examination verilicd this as to the surface current. Aliiiniid hiiii/ tlw I'liir ill lliitnj Snutlinisl W'talliif. — In approaidiin;; the liar from the .voH/Zn/.i, / and instiraiil in heavy southeast weather when it is iinsate to cross it on account uf its lircakin-, vessels arc :;cnerally atile to make out the la\ of the Iaiide\cii lliriiii;;li ttie rain or IliicU iii)^l\ atmosplieie. ('omin;:lr(ini tlie south tticy can pass half a mile inside the Whistlini;' lluo\ , ,;iiil th lencc steer a conrse due noi'th in t\v<'l\e and ele\en falliolnsol water for three and a him: Ii'i mil I'S : or nil lil the lilack l>no\ just oil' tlic west end i I' the I'mir fathom Hank is in tin lionela I.i.uhi house ;iml Alcaira/. island l.iulil lioii.se and licaiiiiu north si\t\ tivetle e u nil \\,:u\ \Ul< 1 ,I>I 'faille .Mountain i is nsnalh (N. (i.">~ K.I, distant live fi;;liths of a mile. Mount Tainalpais ^.i with clouds in rainy weather. Init if it should he \isilile when stci'i' for Itie easti'rn peak foralionl ti\(' miles, liaulin.u' ;;radiiall\ to the eastward in ten latin \iiii ;.rc iiisii|( the Whivtlin"- l; water wiih I lie Ineakiii;; liar on the stailioard Iieam as a ;;o(m1 "iii .\fler passin;;' I lie \M -lllll Four I'alhnm liank Iliioy. and lieiiiLi' in eleven or twcKc J'alhomsof water, steer iiorlli<'ast li\ i a.>l halt' cast I N I". li\ F.. .\ \-]. , fur t wo and se\eii eiuhtlis miles in ten to nine fathoms of w alcr niin! llie I two thirds miles north of liuiiela lieai.- easl li\ iidilh three tpiallers north lil;:li lilll one am N. ■',' N. , and then sieer for it one and lliice ei;;liths miles in nine t'.illionis un .er the lireakiiii: h.ir itil tl 111 mill on the nortlieast side of I'oint Lotios is on with lllue ,Mi 111 am. or lim iv\ lilt is on with the lli 'a I lest Minimi I of I'oint K'eyes iJidye. (See \ iew s ut' local it \ .) 'I'll is places .i ves- sel live ii;;liilis of a mile tic nil the el ills in ci;.dit and three ipiai leis lathoms ut water, w ii li I'^iii lioneta disi.i 111 at Mil It t vso and a half miles and liearin;; sonlli sixty ci^^lit de;;iei's east (Si- ' If the atiovc r.in;;cs ate not \ isilile, ;:iailiially iiaiil under the north side ol' the hreaUcis hm ;Ii. |-"oiir fallioiii liank until the Ked iiiiuy markiii;: the iioi I hwot part of the enliance to the eh. mi-. ! n made oil I. and ciiniiniie tlii'oii;:h the channel on a course son I elsew lieie directed. Altc I si\l.\ li\(> dej^recs east (.S. r passi n;; I'oint lioneta inn soulhtMsi li\ east half east (Si;, li to midcliannel and then make the usual conisi- tliioii;;h the ( iuldcn (iate. Or when l''oil I 'hiii and the iiniih piijnl of \eili,i liiieiia Island arc in raii;:e, run in on that ian;;e until I'uini I': ihle hears northwest li\ north three ipiarleis north NW. liy N. ,' N.); tlicii .steei northeast li;i!i ii-t (NIC. .1, v..) for tl !■ sniiihcasi piiiiit of An;;el Island to mid ilianiiel hctwceii Lime I'oint ai 'i I Point as lierclotoie directed. (»ll Point lioneta tlicie will trcinienth hi' toiiml a h tl llie cnireiil lip need oiil.\ lii' wati'hed for its aeiioii on the \ a\yciiirenl lip as if a H'ct inai ic (loiiii. lull no kiKiwii dan;;cr extends more than Iwii hundred yards t'rom the la^ht hoiis cssel s coiir.se. iii,.M:i. AI. iiii;i;ri iiiNs icn! vi;ssi;i.s .\i'i't: .1 lift in iiiis--iMe III lhl^ I ,iri'y ; 10 he near ■O'Sl it is tli< ' I ;-c the i\\:\\ ■ 'irrclm liiin_- III III! iMIl iInii lie I llle«- n.',irl\- ■"Inn iliiwn s miles illstant W mils f "iiiiiiiin. " li • hi aceiii .IIIll lei two II lllillr Ilhir |lil lie "itlllll ten liiin h limre, at i'l,- >'.iM Fiai l'ii'i|'iriii sunn ilii". M-rs vefl '^'iiiil i.iiliiim I III!' line III' III iii'ail\ li\e III] ■mil ;i li.nf mi iiiili's ». .|-m„ I I'c lieces: i-liM li> Ihiisi I'l'Mclli s 1,1 S hllii«li'il-i. ei l'>^-. attcr s; Fl-lll„„„.„^ „ , l.lllilll n||1|, si ■"^lll I'l.Uiciseii '"lii> .;ii-.il a ■■"■I !li;i! M„|||. -"■.lH\ hijiie, 'ill' ni,ni\ Wars ■"'I'l'linil Vessi "I'la li'.l.l Ul "riMkiiiu ^liaii •lllilliM. |,|||„||, '■'"'Ml.c.ii, |„ "ii"li--c,„.,;,| '"I'-.lllii tiie V ""l'>iMi.i lilll ''•^ '"'•"'! \ s|i:,k ''" '•■i-c III appr ll" ^lilinM ' '"' l''n illnii on ■I'l'lMll, I ,.,1.,,,, ip SOI 'I; II wr I'ACII'IC COAST IMI.OI'. 221 il,i oiitlnviml riKlciivor to mak)' llic lo}^ wliistlrs nt Point Afio Nnevo, I'i;;('oii I'oiiit, or Mniitiirii I' I. iinil llit'ii run lor I he San l''raiM'is('() liar as prcx ionslv dftailfil. Sailiii;,' xcsscis from tlit^ Miiiiiiward. luMlin;,' np tlic const in to;;^',v .smnincr weather, }i<'in'i"ill.V woiU as dose iinilcr tlit< slimi as safct.v pi-ritiils, ami onci' liavin}; olitaiiu'il tlit' (listan<'t' ol tin' coastliin' liy sonniliii};, li\ I lilt in till' t'of;, Ol- Ity a si;;lit of a inonntain over the fo;:, they make tlieir tacks as slioit as iiiis-il'le to MMiid llie lieavier swell outside. 'I'liev are ;,'eneiall,v laden with produce, of wliich iliiA . .irrv a ^'leat part ini deck, iind are IliiTelbre compelled to follow the coast closely in order 111 lir near shelter from the hcaxier northwest winds and swell. l'"rom the west and south- ui'st ii l-i the nsnal practice to ap|iroach the <'oast with the Southeast I'arillon lieariiiji northeast, !ic(iii>c liir prexailin^' summer coast wind is from the west northwest and northwest, ami vessels iii;iv Hieictiirc expeei to lia\e a leading; wind to the San l''raneiseo I'.ar. It is this wind which liiiii-- ill liie heavy t'o^js. In the winter season, when '• >oulheaslers" prevail, a northeast course ,111 iNo lie made lor the ^(uitlieast l-'arallou because this wind is f.'enerally well to the south, or liliiM- maiiy paraliid with the coastline. .Moreover, tln! thick weather of a southeaster does not sliiil iliiwii so coniplctcly as the fo<;s, and t!u' loom of the land can ^'cnerally lie made out .some iiiilrs (ijvtant. Winds from the northwest ni'iid hy north and east to southeast are \ery rare, except the •iiiiiiiiii." liiit all of them Itrinjf clear weather. On aicoiMil of thedciiseh thick weather experieiiceil alon),Mlii' coast diirin^'thc t'(;;:;;y season, ,iiiil li'i U\ o or three hundred miles olfsliore, it is dinicnit, especially tor siiiliiijj vessels, to deter- iiiiiir ilirii po'.ilion ; yet with urcat cire in working' up their dead reekoiiint; the latitinh' ou};ht to liiMMthiii ten or lil'teeii miles on eil her side of their supposed hititilde. Tiie loiit;itude ma.\ lie out iiiiirli iiioie. and iherelore il is a matter of the ;;reatesl im|Hirtaiice that ship-masters, \\ hen approach- in: .'S.iii I'laiicisco ill lo;;L;y weatiier, should do so Willi the yieatest caution, carefully takiiifj liii|iiinl sciiindiiij;s with not less than two hundred fathoms of line. Iiecaiise the depth of water ill I'. IMS very rapidly Irom the deep sea plateau to the one liiimlied fathom line. Tlie one thoii- siiiii l.illiom line is Mis|.||(irtli«e,^t from Point llcyes. Tlir iie>essit,\ liii soiimliii;^('aii no| lie too slronj;ly insisted iijion (ui this coast in fo^i^y weather, iMii ti\ ilioM' familiar wiih the coastline. The numerous wiccUs on the \\ reekchart of the ap- li.i.uTics 111 .Smii I'lancisco testify to the j,'ieate>t iie;^li;;eiice in this malter, and our personal kiioHliii:;!' coiilirins it. We may refer to the l.iniiiinrmiiiir, wreckeil on Modepi Peef in .liiii(>, !^s-, altri sailiii;j for thirty miles over less than one hiindri'd fithoins of water; and the Fiioir.i'M.i. wiceKed s(uiie months earlier on the north side of the Soiilhea-I Parallon after liaviiif; i.iikiil --hip some distance inside and stood olf shore, piesnmalily w itliont heaviii';- the lead. The Sill I'l.iiiciscii lloaid of rndeiw liters has called attcntiiui to the uij;eiit necessity for the practice "ttlii.s .;ii-at aid to iia\ iyatioii. The reason for the axeisioii to the ii^e of the lead is no doiilit the !:hI tluii sniiie lime is lost ill heaviiij^ the vessel aliack to oliiaiii a c.ist. This loss of time may lie :ri',iil\ ii limed if shipmasters would adopt the means that ha\ e lieeii used in Coast Surxey \ I's.sels 111! in,iii\ \e,iis. Instead of the heav.\ deep sea leatl line and the forty pound had wiili which iiiiiriiiiii \essels are j;enerall.\ fiiini>lied. we use a line of the si/e of a cod line, ami even smaller, ■iiiil ;i li-.nl \veiuliin- from lifteeii to twenty poiimis A line of such small si/e that will stand a lirviikihu -liajii of from I wo hundred to two liiindre pounds nia,\ he leadily olitained, •iinl livi' liiiiiili.d fathoms of it. niaiked at e\ery ten tathoms lie\oiiii the first lifly, which is close «ll!ll .'111 111' kept on an oriliii.ii\ ]oilii ■ii 1 •)•)•> I'Arii'ic coAsr rii.oT. m mm m 'Mil' proiU'liiii^' llicso islaiiils, or is soiitli til' llii'tii, nr is on tlif wistcin cil^'c of tin' Conlfll Miiiik. In aiiv fiisc till' utmost caiitioii, \ i;;iiaiir(', iiiiil pioniplin'ss arc to lie cMTciscd. If she tiiiils licrscir ill lill.v lallioiiis of water ami ilois not hear tlio roi;-\vlilHtlf on tin- Son i, fast Kaiallnii. it is iirmlcnt to licail oil' short' on a soiitliwt'sf iisi- ami wait lor a pilot. It is lia/ardoiis lo inn into less than lort.N tiM' t'.iilioiiis lifcaiisc slif iiia,\ Iti' within om- im , to till' wi'siwaid of the Notiiitlav K'ofk, or slit' niav be twoiiiilfs to tlif iiortliwanl of it, Slif in > hf wiliiin iwo iiiilfs t)f tilt' North or Miihllf I'aialloin's. If twenty milts north of the prt'siiiiHl ilitiiilt 11 lie olfliii' roKlell I;, ink insi If slif ti mis forty fathoms of water her jtosilion iiiiyht lie iiisule the Ntionday Uoek. m lie the North Farallones ami in attempting.' to stami out o\er her former traek sho n ii^lii ent'oiinter these tlaiijicrs. A veiy marketl t hara.'teristie of the appidaelies to sonmlinijs on the (jn" I'latean shtmlil !.,• horiie in mimi, iiaimly, tli.it for alMUit live miles .iloii;; the western eil;;i' of the CortUll iJ.iiik, .iih! for alioiit tilteeii miles ]iarallc'l to the line of the faialloiu s ^Irom the southeast islaiul to Nnui, iliiy IJiiik I. the water shoals from one hiiiiilii'il fathoms to lilt v fathoms within three miles cm ,i nortlieast eoiirse. In any other part of the approaches the ilecrcase of ileptli is miieh iihiii> ^lailiial: and liel wceii the Coidcll li.ink and the Ntitiiiiiay K'tick the ile|illi e\i'ii iiiereases ain jiassint; o\t'r the liltyl'athom coiineetiiij.' iid;;e. It is \t'iy dilliciilt to lay tlowii any spccilietl rules to wtnk hy ; iiexcrtlieless several hints iii,i\ lie fairly iireseiitcil. It' a s;iiliii;f vessel is in one hnnilrcil t'athoins ami is on a nortlieast cinirse slm may inn tiiiiic' on ihiii ciiinsc tor two miles, ami no more, liel'ore the next sonndini;. .Shoiilil this soiiimIih- lie lil'ty falhoiiis or less she is either on the \M'>tcrii eilue of the <'ori|el] I'.aiik or near the Nniih I'ar.illones. There is no ilan;;i'r on the ('orih'll Hank, Iml there are tiiill\in;; roeks olf the Nmili l*'aialloiies, anil no aid io ii,i\ lyalion iiseliil in thick, fnuu'y wt'.illier exists in that locality, 'rinii fore she shonlil staml olf siioic on a soiilli southwest course to ilie one humlred fathom line, tin n stand in aj:aiii on a northeast course and eontiniic this trial proc^ Now. il On aii\ ciI'iIkm' northeast courses she should tlnf it lor tin' n>ii;;lily siiniliii- ;;riiiMiil iiroiiiiil Hit- NiKiiidiiy l; „ 1 ; lull if sill- IIIIIH on ;i Mill 1 1 nI coni-sc III l<>lf\ (i\f riilliiillis (III till- oiitfl' film' of I lie ( 'inilrll |'„llll . .Illll I'uIIdUS lllis lll'|llll to llll' •'IISlWllI'll Ulll'll ill'llllllll till' SnllllMTII lilil III' till' jilllllv, slif will \t'\\ -.iipii ilciprii licr wilier to lil'tv livi' ratlKiiiis, clc, anil llils wuiijij lixratr licr willi ic^'anl Id Hut UaiiK. (Sec (icsciiplinn iif Cimit'll I'laiiK.) Sii ,llll•^■|'^^|•ls riiilil III!' niilllirni riiiisl Mir mil iililv llili'i' or four (l:i\H riiilii Ilirir |Mirt of iiiil (Mil mil (lii^Mi llirlr liillliiili' williiii irasoiiiiltir limits to iiiaKi' I'niiit Kcvcs St I'iitii I'cn; vOiistIc; iilllioii^li we witc ii'i'I'IiI I\ ii|i(iii m stciiiii .sliip that liail in'cii in In;; Ironi rape Mat- lii'ii sill' r\|iccl('il til liiiil I'diiit lli'vi's on an castci is coiiisc, slic t'oiini! licisi'ir six iiiilcs iii\, .iii'l « .iHllll till' Soiiilirast I'arailoii wlini llir loif .siidilciily lirokc a»ay. Sailing vi'>si'l.s fi'din tlio iMirtliiiii coast aro .soini'tiiiii's two anil even tliiee \M'el pass lii'lweeii I'oiiit HeMS and the .North l''arallolies at a distance of three .1 hall miles t'lom the loiiuer, when the Steam l''oL;\vliistle slioiild lie heard, and the direct • i| llii- line of foitv fathoms rhailiie to southeast liv ea .1 iSr:. l.y !•:. . if the To- whistl Kill e is not l.raiil I ills ehaiij^e ot course should lie followi'd nine or leu miles, u lien aiiolhcr cliaiii^c to south In Mi-^i Is. Ii\ \\ . 1 lakes place, liiil the liollom is lii'ie so uniform that a ms^i'I may well lie in ilmilil ;is III I hi' I'xact liicalimi ; the iinifoiiiiils of depth is, however, an evidence of her liein^f inside ol llii' I'aialliiiii's. If the simniiiii^s are sal isfacliirx , a \essel may lay a course east half smith (I']. JS.II'ui liltci'ii miles 111 the Whisilin^' Itiioy olf the liar in tiflceii fallimns. (h if a vessel is coiiiin;; from the liorlli and keeps on llie li if thirty fal iioiiis, she ealiiuit M|i|i|ii.i( Il ihelaiid aii\ Hearer than one and a half miles oil r.iiilet;a 1 lead, when her cmiise will he iiiMilv soul lieasl, channiiiy; ;;railiially to soiilli half west (S. \ \\'.<, which will iinticale her posi- iiiii iiiiiiliuaid of Point li'eyes. Oil' this point the thirty tathoni line is two and three ipiarter^ inilr-i ilistaiil lo the wesi ward, and in inoileiate weather the Steam l''ii;rwhistle should he heard ; "III 11 it IS mil heard the line of thirty fathoms klimild lie fullowed anil will lie foiinil to eliaii;;e i|iurk'.\ 111 ea-i smiiheast ( I'ISI'",.) for t liree iiiiles, and then as lii;,di as east nortlieasi ( MN I'!.) fur iliri'i' nulls iiiiiie, liriii;;iii;; a \ essel under t lui eastern jioint ol' I'miit li'e.ves I lead, u nil a iiolahle I'xs iif w iiiil ami smoother sea. 'I'lieiice the tliiit,\ fathom line may lie followed on a ;;('iii'i al sou 111 - lUst I'liiiise for nine miles, w hen the water ^'radiiall.v shoals and a emirs ist li> smitli ( \',. liy S.) liiii'i'Mii miles, wilh water re.uularly decreasing,' to lifleeii fat lioiiis, w ill lead to the Whistling' '''I" It the Whistling' lliiov is not heard a ncsscI should anclim ; she may he too near iMixliiiry l:>i r "I ihe I'liiir fallimii Hank. I'liiiiiL; the lain.N season ((tetolier to .\piil) and the spiiiii,' tieshels in the Saeraiiieiito Hivcr !iil Uii 111. 11 ies. I he discolored Waters of the lia.\ , carl led liy the ehhciirreiit outside the liar, w ill • iii'i'iilly iiiilicale proximity to the approaches; lint this must not he wholly relied upon, as we ■ivi' .seen ilisi'iiliired water froiii the hay, inaiked li,\ slroiiy;er lines of successive ehh tides, work- 'i-Mii till- miiiliuiini ,,(■ pdiiit Iteves. lint this discolmid water will not he found that far to the "ii'li». lid, as the eddy eiiast current iiioM'S up the coastline. This iliscolored w aler does not '■"■Il 111 ihe hiiltom w hell dtV ill twenty to thiit.v lathmiis, and lmi\ ovcrriiii slioaler depths. .\t il ■•i'M--niis ihe waters iif the elili t iile are smiiew hat discolored hevonil the liar. "I'l'x fi'il icliistlr. — When otV Point li'eyes some tweiit.v miles in a dense fo^- will 11' M - I 1 ^ u lij^i I,, .smiiidiii;; every minute we heard a sli;;lit sound as of a distant •ml. I 111 h whistle toseil- or three follow ill;;' were heard more clearly, perhaps hccaiise atleiitioii WiUS I lie vessel suddenly passed out of the thick fo;,' into a space where the to^' was liftcil ' ■'' i 1 ' t «l tl •_'_M I'ACll'll' CilASI' I'll.ol. Mvo or tliH" limiilvtil li't't aliiivc llir ",ii(i, mill mi llir wiv-inii iilj;f nl' lliis cniiiiiariilivclN mass; lull \M' wfK" IIhii ra|iiill\ |iassiii;: it ami licanl im somnl in tliat oi' aii.\ otin'i' diici |i,,ii Al aiiMlliti Iiiiif. will II llif Mf.illiii was vims lt';:;:.\, ii" wiiui, anil a xci.s laiKf swell mi, lli sleaiiier'.s w wele. Ml \ eluse liisilewas smimled eM iv nmiiile ami we lieanl a slimt. >liai |t, Iml laint lii.ss to llie vessel. When llie |oy:wmil(l lill a liltle. so that the run fif llie swell w.i. \isil>le. we weie salislieil lliis sliai|i liisswas |iait 111 the s.ieaMi el the Nteainwlii.stle nlleeliil tVmn the wa\e iimler eeitaili emnlltinns ilillieiilt tn ilelei mine. Aiiiitlier peeiiliaiits of the .sleaiiiei's whisile has lieeii imleil !>> mie nt the l.i;.'lit hmise \esM I oil' Point .Vivna. In eoiiiiiiK tVimi the iimlhwanl in a ihiek In;; amlwiieii aiiprnaeliiii;,' I'nint .Xiin, the sDiinil ol the Toy si;,'lial was heaiil, mil mi the jiinl Imw, as was e\|ieeteil, liiit nlV the slailmai'l i|uait(r: a' the VI I iniiM'il siiiithw.iiil the sminils e.>i iV the stailniaitl lieam, ami the vev>i I tliell eiileieil all open sp.ire w heme the l.l^lit-lliill.se WilH seen, anil the snUllils then eaine piiipi il\ Iriiiii the ri;;hl illiielimi. .\ pie\iiiiis ami ver,v similar expeiieiiee was I'epmteil li\ a euasim- «teamer lunlei' similar enmlitimis ; ami the niasier. lielie\in;: the \essel was in the liiKht mulh nt the l.i;;lit'hmise, stnppeil ami liaekeil out a ;.'iiiiil ilislaiiee, ami then ennlinneil mi her emirse. AMIIlilJt.Vli ii.N nil. llAli. .V vessel slimilil not aiielior on tlieltai' if sliei-an jiossilil.v avoiil it ; frei|iieiitl,v a heavy uiiiiii;il swell sets in wilhmil wiml. anil it' the enirent is lunnin;; stroii;; el>l> it allows little eliami ii eseapin;; t'lmii an iinemiifmtal'le lieiili. 'I'lie I'niteil Stales sloop nt' war ri«<« ;(«/■.>■, ilni iny llie ernise nt' the l']\plorin;; I''.\peilitiiin nl' IMI, aiiehmeil nil the liai' in a ealiii, ami when the >\^^•^l\ enireiit niaile. it liiniiulit a swell that lunke n\er her. In I s.'iO the snr\eviny; sehomier I'.u-ii,,; i,,,i her aiielinis nil the liar at tlie elnse nl' a liea\ y sniilheaster in I >eeeinlier. In ISS'J we wali In i| .in iMiLilish ship rnlliii;; \eiA hea\ ily al anelim- mi the smilheiii pail nl' the liar, anil tiiially she '<.i< eniiipelleil tn make sail I'nr safer ipiaitels, Ileeelie\ ill his naiial ive ( \'nl. I, p. '.\\'\) says that « lull ernssiiiu- the liar the ilepili nf waler ;;i.iiliiall,\ iliniinislieil tn live lalhonis : ■• I'll is Wdiilil liinr liri'ii iif nil niii.M'i|nciirr liiiil i| iiiii linii I'm ;i nsmII wliiili rnlli'il tn linivilv nviT tlir liaiik tli il It ciiiiliiiMiilly liriiki' ; iiiui t1iHii;;li niir iliptli ol' \Milrr \\;\* iii'vir Ims tli.in I'mir ami :i I ml I' t'al1ii>iii-i, tin' slilp { l:l,-'fi ,1 1 on t«i> or tlin nasions ili>liiiln il iIm' ^anll \» illi In 1 ki rl. 'I'lir liili' | iiiiiriit | was iiiiImi hinalrlx a;;aiii-.i u- .1, 'I till' swill )iiii|M'llril llii' Klii|ijii»l ^l th lliis |iosilloll MViTal llollls." Sniiie of the ilee]iet' laileii steamships in oniii;; out nver the liar, wlien it was very liea\\ 01 even linsikin;,', ha\ e tmieliril thelioitnni w hen )iitehin;: ileepi;. in the lrnn;;h of the sea. In im imr years sailing; \ essels in thiek smitheast weather, w hen niialile to ileterniine w helher the liar ".is lireakino; hailly ami taking' ailvanlaoe nf a hii'oe elili, lia\e been fmeeil tn ernss it in ihr fur of the ;;i'eal eomliers, ami ha\ e hail their ileeks swept fine anil alt, lull oi,| tin on "h. We « in r on the liar with a liu'lit wiiiil. \ery laio-e swell, anil elilieiirient. The swell threw the msmI ImiIv alioiit as fast as the enrreiit eariieil hei- milwaril. l.l'lAVI.Mi nil, lIAKItllU 111' SAN 1' 1! A.M'l.si'i ». In lieatiiitj onf a;;ainst the usual siiniiner wimls, vessels start on the last ipiarter of the ili"iih make the first taeU to the nmlhwaril of the I'llossoiii I.'oik I'liiny, ami weather it on I he -.i' . ii'l : theiiee they work lietweeii Aleatla/, Islaiiil ami the sniilli shore, heeause the inllneiiee of the iMi eiirreiit is lirst felt there. ilMiiilin;: .\reli or Kird K'nck, one mile .vest of the smith eiiil nf .\h ali.i/.. Ill laikiiii: iimler the smith shore west it\' Anita li'nek. a M'sm'I iiiiik. tint staml in elnser Ih.iii llif rail;;e nf Ohl Unneta I.iojlittnwi'f mi with the eMrenie eml nf {•"ml I'nint, ami thus avniil Ihe ul.m I hank with miiy li\ e feet iipmi it, w liieh lies mie ipiarlei nf a mile west-smithwesl rroiii .Viiii;i Km- L. \'essels oive I'm t Point a oninl liciih, ami the elili eiii rent w ill earry llieiii past it rapiillx . Imi » i'h a Strom.' temleiiey Inwards the south slmre; then twn mnre taekswill earrv them elear of " ilie Meads," If the In" should set in while heat in;; mil, a \ essel iniist he earefiil to keep III! ;ni' tnwaids the nnrtherii slinre of the (iolileii (iate tn avoid I'm I Point and the .Mile lineks nn ,sniith slinie. If the Vessel is hoiiiid tn the iiorthwaid, and the weather sliiits in thnk u wind finiii the nmtliwestwaid, she makes a taek oil' shore to the .sniithward of the Parrallmn -: it the weather he elear. shmt taeks are made oil' shore until she works lip In Point l£e\es, in . ii-i' the .sea to the leeward ot that headland is inneh smoother and the eiirreiit less than oiitsiilr ilie K.ii i Imies' ;;iMii illy st I. iiye s .slih III!' lie; llie I' isl em! illlI I lid eio! Vi's-i 1 is del the 1 111: eiiir >.lll Hid slai lii"k .1 \er\ ill i aiijis on the iiili"-- I lie III ( •SW. h\ W.) iinl a M'SM'I ( Miles 111 leewi • t^ I'ACII'If HAST I'lI.OT, I'll 1 ■iii'.x; ill fiict nIic iiiii.v liavc a slight ciuiciil in lici favor. Wlicn up with Point Ki'.vom, vohni-Im ,r,.|h illv slaiiil (tlV until a coiiisf imii lii'^iiatlc tor tlirir port. I. ii^;i' HiiiJiiij; vc.N.M'Js iio\\iiila\s iir\cr Ixiit out iliroiif,'|i tin- (inlili ii (late; lii(\\ arc towi-d tint- siil< iIh' llrMiJs i)v .nIimiii tii^s w liii'li ;:i'iii'iall\ iciraM' tlicir low aliiiMsi ami soiilli ol'llii' iMioyncar tlic I i>t t'liil ol tlic Ktrir I'atlioin li.iiiU, wjicii Hit' scNstis, it in lialla>l n- w iih ||;;||| luails, inakf all ■iilil inil (TOMS the liar aii,\ ^^lll'l<■ to llir sontliwanl and westward llial llii' \n iiuI will permit. II' the V('>-rl I-* ili'i'pl.N lailill she w ill set her lore and all sails only, ami \>\ Ueepiii;; elose to the wind let, (III' I lil^ em I ell I cans liei out ovei llie liar lhioii;:h the M.I in .'^liip 4 liaiiiiel, ulieii she will make all s.iil iiiil siami otf. II the luee/.e is sIioiil; ami \mII to the \\i >i«aiil lliis is mil prail iealile. 'i'lie Ih'^i Miiise then to pursue is to make all sail iis soon as she has passed Point I'loiiela, and when llir I'.Miii hears iiorlh or north li.\ e.isi (N. or N. li> I". ) cross the liar l>v the Simih Chaniud on a s,mlli or south li.v west (S. oi.S. Ii> W.) course ; ol she ma\ steer south and keep Point lloiieta. |,i;;li! Iieariii;; mirth until I.iiiie Poinl i-. on with llie western point of Aii;.'el Island, and cross the liar ell llial laiine in live and a ipiarter fathoms thice miles olV shore nearly ahreast of the <)eean Siilc ll"ii>e. The pilots also use the raii;:e Itaecooii Strait open liy l.ime Point and lietweeii the IvMi.^iil Pocks oil' I'oiiit l.ohos. Of (iiiise only a iiaiiow part of the Itaecooii Strait is visilile. Wliiii acios.s tlio liar, in ten fathoins ol water, she ma.\ haul nil' elose on the wind ; or, if lionnd oil ilii' CO, 1st to the southward, sipiaie awa> on her eoiiisc. This w.iy of crossiiiii the liar to the Miiitli ^.iid is not K*'ii'''all.\ inaclieed li,\ ship iiia>lcis or the pilots liccaii.se the \essei makes a i(iiir>r -oiiicwlial parallel wiili a lee shore ami with tlii'^wdl; Imi it is maiiifotly sater than to iisk a Miy deep laden vessi 1 strikin;;ina lar;^e swell an,\ ot'the four and thiec ipiarfer f.ilhoiii liaii|i> I'll the liar to the soiithw ,ird ot' the .M.iiii .Ship rhaiiiiel ; moreover it is not lecommemlcd lllllt■^^ I lie liiee/c is ton stroll^; tor a vessel to pass out I'll the usual course of southwest liy we>t S\V. Ii\ W.) t'roiii mid channel bet ween the Heads. The pilols ci nise near I he Main .Ship ( 'haniicl, ;iiiil a \cssel crossin;; the liar on a south course from Point Poiieta will dro|i lu:r (nlot six or seven miles 111 leeward of tbo usual eniisiii:.' ;,'roiiiid. I ,1' Till'; IIDKS AT .sAN II! ANCl.srn. Till' tides of the Pacific t'oas* of the I'liited States are appaieiitly of so coinplicatcd a char- iiti'i lli.ii it is deeiiu'd lu'sl to ;;ivi' here a ;;eiieial statement oj' the order of their reeiirreiieo and till' iiirnii> of deterininin;; them, t'or the liciielit of those na\ i;;atois who may not have the pnlilished I.ililo* lit their pledieted limes and lieijihts. I'liiii' ale in each lunar day, of t weiity four hours ami lifty minntes, two|ji;:h and two low Miitri-, uliich i:<''a'ially are uiicipial in liei;;ht and occur at iiiieinial inters als. The low and lii^h wiiti'is Inlliiu each other thlLs: I'liiiii the lower low water ("low water lar!,'<»")' the tide rises to the lower of the twit hi;;h w.itciA ("lii;;!! water small")', then falls to a low water ("low water small")' that is lii;,'lier than till' |iiiriiliiiu low one ( w liicli fall, however, is somclinies so >li;;lit that it i- indicated liy an appai- riill> lipii;,' stand), then rises to the hi;,dier lii;;li water ("liij,'h water laiL;e"i,* when it tails a^^ain, ;liriin;;li a loiij,' interval, to the lower low water. I'Ip -I' iiiii\cmeiits and intervals may lie more speeiticatly stated thus: liii.ii the lower low water ("low water larj;e"i the tide rises for aliont seven and a ipiarter li'iiiisMiv lour and four tenths feet to the smaller of the t wo hij^h tides (" lii;;h water small"); then I'iIImiiii' iiitd loiir tenths feet in less than four and a hall hours to the »• low water small," which i>lii^lii-i ill, 111 the precedin;; low water; then iiscss,i\ two and nine tenths feet in si\ and a ipiar 111 JMniv 111 the hi^dier lii;;h water or "lii;ih water l.iruc;" it then falls au;.iiii live ami eij;littentlis '"I in iiMi seven hours to the lower low water or "low water lar;;i'." lii-lciil of the aliose li-iiri's the fall from the "liii,di water small" or "half tide") to the ••|||« w.iiir Niiiall" may raii;;c from three and a half feet at one position of the mooii to th.ee 'liillis i.r a foot at another; in the latti'r ease there will he apparently a lonj,' stand ot about ti\ • lii'iii-. •'Ih.M- \:i\,i,-i ill., piilili.sli.'.l iilMiiil llir iiihIiII.' nl llir \iMi |Mi riiliiii; ll.ru (tall', ;iinl (jIve llie lieinlil and liiii'< ■1 I'Vi'H 11, 1,, ilihiiiylidiit (1,,, y,.:,,. |,,|- HJx .,r |1,|. piiiiripiii iiMils nil 111.' I'aiilir ('ii:inI ; witli iniislaiiN lor I'vi'iy dtlii ]■ Mrliiii. II,, y itK,, yhe till' !!>;(■ el' lli.' mi .iiiil llir ilaii s ,>f aiiiim'i' ami |ii'ri(;t'i', tliiMlaUs iil'gnalt'sl ami lea. I '■'■ilili;ilii.:i :iiiil iil' /crii ilrcliiial ion. ' 111.' iiiiii>, tiy wliiili tlii'v am iidiiall.v kiuiwii on tlii.s coast. KL'll 1' (■ 15 IIIMMWUHIII M». •2'2C) I'Aciric COAST I'li.or. Tlif Iii'ij,fliis dt' llic low v.Mtci's Mit- (licrfl'iiic so Mnc(|ii;il llr.it at ccitaiii periods a rock u h has tlirci' and a hall' t'i'vl on it at one low water (tlie li,ilt tide or low water small) may lie aw, at the next snceeedinp I >\v water. 'I'hese ]iecnliarities are j;ra|)lii('all> sliown in the pa;,*' of lidal enrvrs lierewitli presented. These iiie(|nalities depend npon tlii' moon's deeliiiation. Thev disappear near (lie lime of i moon's declination beinu' zero, and aie ;,M'eaiest alioni the time of its bein;; f^realest, either poi or sonlh. 'I'he iMei,nalities I'oi' low v. :u-[' are iwl the same as lor hi.uh water, thonj,'!) the\ dis, \H-M and have the ^'reatest valne at nearly the same times. When tin' moon's declination is noi'tli, llie hii;iu '■ of the two lii;;li lii'.es of the twenty i hours occurs at San I'raneisco alioul cle\»'n .ind a half hours al'tiM- t he n, ■■.'.■. transit : and ui; the declination is son ill, the lower ol the i \v ■! Ii:„h tides occurs at a I ion t th.it interv.il. The |(k> ofthetwolow walcis ot' the da,\ is the one which lollowsnexl tlie'ii;;!! water. ']"hc ('('irecicd llslalilishmeiit, or mcui interv al liet ween !lie moon's transit and the time of hi water, ,il NorMi i!e;'.'.'!i. San i'rancisco liay . Is I'J'it"". The mean rise and tall of tides is tin and seven telilhs tcet ; of sjii in:.; tides, four and li\e tenths led ; ami ot' neap tuh <. two ami n ti'liths icct. The mean dnralioii id' the llood is ti'' ."i-"!"; ol' the elili. .">'' ."id"'; and of the stand : T'lie a'>ci.'.j:e dilfcieiice lietween the Collected I'.staldishmeiit ol the a. in. and j). ni. tides oi • ;anie ilay i s 1'' j.-N" t'or hii;li water, and *>'■ .'iS" for low water. These ditVcici ices w lien tile momi'' deeiinalion is uri'iitest are II audit' Is'. 'I'he a\eril;;(' dllVcreliee ill liei;;ht of these twoliih i.< one and oiicteiiih feci for the lii;;li wati'is, and two and twn tenths feel tor the low wiiici When the nioon's dielin.ition is "rcalest, those dilferencc.-. .iie one toot and a half and three .m se\enteiillis feet, respeetix cl\ . T'lie av(ia;;e dilicieiice of the higher hiuh ami lower low w:irc; it' the s.iiiic da\ is li\c and t \i oleiillis Icct, ami w iu'ii t lie moon s (lee lilial Kill IS LTeaiest. ^i\ .11;. ilietelith feet. The higher lii;;h tide in the I wciii y-foiir hours oceiir.s alioilt 11'' UL!'" after li nuioii s npp transit isoiiihiii;;), when the moon's declin.ition isnoilh, ami .iliout I'MIU" I leloii .hen south: the lowci of the low w.itcr-, ahoiii 7' alter the hi;.;her hi;;h tide. The -re.ilcst ilisei^eil dilVcicin'e lieiwc'. n the iw..l ow waters ol one d.n w ,ts li\e and three tenths leet. .\:\i\ the ;:reatest oltxivi'il difcrcn. e hetvveen the lii;;her lii;,h and lower low w ateis td' one da . nine and liiiiciy three one hiimlr. dlh.^ tcet. on I'elii iiai> S. l^Ti!. w hen it ran out in (>'' l.'l''; .. next day there wa> a t'.dl of ci;;hl .ind twenty .si'ven one hundredths feel in il'' .l,i"'. The jnei: . . iioiiii,\l fad ofeach of ihcse lideswassix and two tenths feet, and the .iinesli'' tt'" and (!''.'!.'{ . 1 . lilies of tins •,'\ceptioiial ri.se and fall are very iiilreipient. The two tides of tin- saim- d.iv are u'eiier.illy uneipial in piopo,iion to the nioon's dccliiMini). In tiie ali-eiice of the ail!iliaM\ pllldislied t.dilcs the time ami lieii;ht of the tides cm he ohi.i I a;iplo\ini;i!el\ fii.in the following tahle: Alnnll'-* .ll'pri Mil I I.I lall .iitrtH-li. MiM.n m1. . la.uti''ij in_li n.ilir. M.Kill ■. l.iH. I III. lliluill |.:l.».-*il;:i' l,.iw W;ttl-I. 111. nil ll.i-lit, lhl.i\,il ll.iclil liil.n;il II.M.;lil ln'"?Mil, ll.i.l I i;r..iii'..l 11. .nil. I ill'.. I. .1 .-.11,11 'xY The interv ;d IS to he ,iddcd 'o ihe Ilini'Ol'llie 11 ii's meridian I niul. and low wale' lie .iililcil 111 llie liineol I lie moons meridian passa;4e to Hive ll '1 he time ol the moon's upper meridian pa^sajze is ;,'i\en in the aim I pass:i;;e is\cl\ nearl,\ the middle lietwee v\ ■> .sneccs- the lime of it' lowii meridiai p,lssa;.'es. The hei-lils ;i|e -iveli III tcet and leli'ils .Hid -how the rise iliove 111' le Miiindiiiu's on the <'li ill are \:\\ i average o Ihe 1, .1 ll W >'. Her-; ll, w pell lev e ,s/ic-7i/ /ii/...._.Sl Ihe I'lill anil chan-e of Ihe moon ihehi-h ualeiswill lie lliree lent' fool lii'.v(ier iliiin the nl ,i\e. and ll le low w .1 .\ I nil li.l U\ - fiHir lelilli« of a foot lower. I'y. — .\| the niiioh's lir-i and l,i.-.t mil Iei> the hiuh waters will he three tenth lower. :i|, I til,. |,,u waters will mil l.d! ;;s low liy fiHir tenths of a hint. Ihe hiLih wild makes at North Ileaeh Hi tenths of a loot lower. The low water makes tweid iileeii minnles l.ilei t hail at Fort I'oiiil, and i«i)- .\ SIX minutes latei, and is one lentil el ' ('""I ^1^ > ,)i' 'I r !^i ?ll W...1 ;av -i> >M L'r; \ ^^ -U \ 1 ■'■/•^ ■'■' I ' -^1 fif^C'c"! ■ill ^ iiffl 1 1 1 > ' ' %"•: i '■ ' 1 I 1 I 1 1, '/'//< /i//)t-M iiiiil hfu/liis <>/' tjir l]it)h (iiiH l,(nv]V(t AM Noopi Noo« .H 1(1 II \ ,/-' AM Nogn AM Nou< I'. Ill ■ ■. I. : 111 L ', ii B lu ': '■ f. i.l 111 \ /' \ / V ,.V X .■-•/<* y .1* ./ IH C .)/'<;';?■«• '* N \ .■,» ,\.«#.vv.-, /■'/ X y .•<» ; V ■.• ... }) .' \ y IV '■i> l.'y- -i'- /('■ j;i ' N X ,V; ',_ K-/^ .\fo' \ / \ ,x 'l' ijir IJii/li iiiiii LinvW'iitcrs nl S'ln Ffniifi srii , ^Itiy Wu'l't H .V I, ','„. M.i.n l>'J.,r ^.,l.'",l- I f\ B :s> w l»'f,t I i i: 1 ifiJl .;; ^ ;;, ;:| ! ^1 ;i^ 1'!' *' i 1 ' l1 > i • ^■'' ri I »':;r Pi (ii'i i l' m '■>. , 'S >i ■■ r^ y-' ■T* ^"^i^^ ■y-wvy-^^ 8an Bruno Mouiitiiiii, E. \ S., 12 niileH. Approikulieg to the Eiitraiicu of San Fraiir.iiico Buj' ^Iruiii tin' lT Iri't. I ,,i>,l I,ol,„>. S,-al Iom'Us. u,.,-,,, Siijr llniiic. ro;;,'-v: . i.'. I,ii;lit-I'.(iiisi.. Wiiidinili on I'niiit Liilmt. SK. b. i: , K. For w. ml l!,iiii,'H for tljr lionrtii or Soj tli CliaiiMcl. i, Vn-v\ !,•- ii uhi'n iiliriMsi Ti iimi-s»ii. Com. 'J mhIi'm Ironi I'oinl Honrta.) Monl.ir;! Moiiiil;iiji. l.'.tlO t'l-il I'oinl S.m I'lii; ^•ff "t^. ■ 'i'f^%>(V I'onii Khjch l.iglil-limiBi', 11 lili ii;i» I'oiiit \h\\ !■'' ''■''";-' ■ ^l'-' lioin'l;i of Aorii. ('Icuai, 1 tak.oi on tli.' l(:inK.-, \ niili- Soni , ., ' '■ ll.ill.-toi.-. H.iy. Iiiin!,'.'. I'oinl Kivv-s kill-,. loinl I! In l.inH' ho'i '■ ' (lornl.t) Uoi liy I'oinl, :in.l hinhcHt ViMlilo pralv, N U, )iv W, J \\\ \i i M ■ iV I ■ 4 i -,..,!■■ t 1 ;■ ,,^ ' 4 i. if pAcinc (MiAsr I'li.or. 227 li,„, Tlir lii;,'1i wiitcr iiiiiKcs III Siiiicclilo (wciitytwo miiiiitcs curlier tlian ;it I'^ort Point, iiiid i. ,i;i, iiiiilidla li'ot lii^jlifr; till' low water makes ci;,'!!! iiiiiiiiles lalei, ami is twoteiitlis ut' a loot I ' (• iieciiiiarily oC tlie I'ai'ilie ("nasi tides was lirsl noticed li\ llecclu and l!odej,'a in June, ITT'i. vvlicM tiie_s made a sni\cv of I'ort 'I'linidad.* I III'. (I I.Ml'.NIS IN llli; (iol.JiV.N IIAIC. AMI A l'l'i;( lACIIKS. 'I'll' main diit'l (d'lii- waters otVtiie coast is lium the ninlliwcstwaid, hcin;,' in jtait tlic tlowot' I hi' \v ,.!cis lit' the "ileal .Ia|ian stream after st liUii;; I he norl liuesi coast. iiii!iicdialel\ onlside of tlie (loldeli (late tiieie is a conliniions, alllion;;li M-cncrally sli;,dit, I'lir- 'iMi, li'iii;: till' coast line III ilic iiorlliwaid liiiown as the m///v ctni'.l iiirniil, and lo wliic.ii the form ,iiiil e\i>tcnii' of till' liar i> in pait atliiliiited. Unl ilic ciunnts mo>i alfcetin;,' na\i;;ation in Uiis ril.i; \ aie I lie usual tela! cm lent s. Across t lie I -a; I lie llow of 1 lie I iilal waters ciin\ clues towards :iii' I'll' laliee lii'l u cell the lleaiis with a |ire|Minilel aine fidlii the soil'hwaid, Tlie llooil current is !r|i ..I'liHir ainiiiiil I'oiiil l.olios lliaii aioiiiiil roini r>oni'la. and iroiind Imili ]ioinIs cailiei than irriiss I lie Main Ship < 'ijanncl. Close arm mil Point Lulios the yonii;; tlood nlalvl■^ earliest, and the .111 !i water foiciii;.' its wav close aloiit; the shore is in \cry marked contrast uilli the discolored .[III .| ihi'hay innniii;;' out. MoreoM'r, t'rom the tidal |ii'ciiliai ities cxhiliiled on the seirre;,'is- I'liiij u.111^,'1' at tlielii;,'li and low waters, it seems cei tain that the sniisniface current is the lirst 1,1 fi.i.i' IIS way in e.nd out. Tlie iire|ionilciance of ilie elih cnrrcnt is tow aids the west ainl north- «;inl iK'iaiise I lie march of the coast tidal current and tliemo\ement of I he coast eddy current are iiiH.niN I 111 iiorlli ward. The indications from the form of the hot torn lict '.\ ecu the I leads and on t- '.iiii> .111' thai the main mass of t he elili waters diviiles into two |iiiiiciiial sireams, luie towards ill' >eu;liw ;iiil and the ot her lovsards the westsoiilhwest ward iinder the soiilli side ot' the i''onr- ;4liiiiii liiiilt, This latter cnrrcnt crosses the bar at the .Main Ship ( haiiiiel, but we lia\ c no direct nn'ilsiii IS ol its \ eloeily. ■|!ici|ei'|i r.oiiela ('haiiiiel between tile eastern emlofthe Four falhoni ILink and Point P.oncta ,,i.sih.i been tlioron^lil.N stndi'-d. and its |iecnliariiies are therelbrc not tiillx known. I •iiriii;,'' ebb- li- I'ltwi I n the I leads, a cm reiil bno\ was dro|"|ied on the eil^e of the l'"om lalliom i!.ink abnnt ' ill' null' wcsiiiorlliwest from I'oiiit Pionela and oliscr\ alioiis mailc u|ion its dull. I'liis cnrr. nt lis ilii'ii iiinnin^' southeastward, as if a tlood cmreiit, aloiii; the line ot'ilie clianiiel iiniil ii 1 iiriiaiiSeieil the iiiaiii ebb-current jiassiiij; west by Point lionet. i. Pvcii then the siibsiirfact' ■iilir.iiiiins wcMi' thai the incomiii;,' edily cm rent was pi'e\ ailing'. Small coasters report the ill'K'liI lilliliilii.^ in on bolh the ebb and the llooil. Tl." llooil ciiireiit inns lonm'st uniler tin' shore between Point l.obos and fori Point, and \rii iller the ebb ciirieiit Is rminin^r ,,iiisidc j-'oi t Point, this late Ilood and I ill- I'lldy miller Port I'liilit nill ciiiy a vessel in with liylit airs and calms close iiiiiler the tort, liiit upon piishiiiir out iilii Ilii- (iiililen (!ate the ebb w ill be apt to cai l'.\ iier bodily out. Ii. I'miirta Cove, between I'oiiit Koiieta and Point I'laiilo where anilior.'i;:e may be h.iil in ■ „'lii I iiliniiis, f,'ra\ell\ but loin ., there is iniicli less force 111' I he eiirreni than in the o|>positc bi;:ht ■iiiliiiii iiiu the Mile Pocks, aroniid which ilic currents run very irreuiilaily and \eiy stioiii,dy. A !•« iiiiiiiiii - alii r slack water at the .Mile Pocks the current runs two and a li.ilf miles per hour, liisiili ilic Ibiids ^ciiii'.illv I hi' current. s run \ cry si ion;,', with deep whirl in;;, boiliiif; eddies. liea\ y ^ll^, ii'il iix il talis at llie l,ir;^c tides duriii;; stroiiir w iinls. Ilelwecn Port Point and I.inie Point '>i' li.n '■ iiira-iiii il 1 he ebb surface current running,' w iili a \ I'locily of si\ .iinl si\ ten 1 lis miles pir ■ii'iii. > iiibt iht .subsurface ciiiieiits lia\e been mc.isured rnnniiii,' over ei.ulit miles per hour. tfii'M ' ■ 1mi :tics are not surprising,' ^vllcll it is recollected thai the tidal waters of -San I'"r.iiiiisco, ^' ' • nil', ."-^iiisiiii l;a> s, eiiibiaciii;; four hiindiid .iiid foils sipi, ire miles, must pass lliroiiijh "■='■:"" ~-iibsiirface ;;oi'^'e of I he ( luldiui ( late ill t he t iliie of each tide. • P" 'I "i| water in.siile the (bilileii ( late runs mainly to the iioitliiiorl lieast and to the iiorih ■ I'ls a \ci'y slroiiL,' cmi'eiil is found seltiiii; iiiidcr the norili slope of the Presidio .Slmal "' .Vicli and Shaji Pocks. .Vioiiinl these d.inu'crs arc \ iolenl and iiie;;iilai' sw iris, and 'lus indicate deep scoiiiiii^s. .\ vessel coiiiiiii,' ill with .1 stroll;;' Ilood current and li;;'lit ' '■ ■irloie in dailj^er of bcili^- cai rird mi eillnl' of these rocks. ' I'^liliiriiriiiii il.- I.I I 'iis|:i S,i,|,iiiii,,h.il ill- I J t'^ililiiniia i-ii ITT-'i rmi III fniuala S:ilil iaf;i> y lii.li't.-i .Srimni •I ' I li-iiii-iili- ill N,i\ H, 1 1 r,i!ii„. ,1, III Ti-ia. > 1 I ill- pracMla 1' • .tiiaii l-'raiii-isrn ili- la ltiiili-t;a y t^iiiiilru, 1'" ill- Sail I'll, l^ iiasl.'i lui .'■- ill- l.iiiiiiil. ! ,^ 1) h{%- aji i ' n ii-^»« n m.', > i.it ., li f i \V m ^f^., 228 I'Acirn' COAST rii.or. At II sfatioii Iii'twrt'ii I'oil roini mill tlic Pivsidin Slioiil Imoy wluMi llio stiviid of llu' Iium, i1 lliyll wiUi'l' I'fciiriril lit I'oil I'nilit ll .iil> III' llic I'lirniil iiii'iM rcil iil ilic .simu' time. WIiimi th y^i staiul tit' till' siiiall liiuli "iitt-r niiuiiiil llic shicU of llir ciimiit wiis iniuf tliaii one liniir imiImi At tlif staiiil III' till' !iiij:f low wnicr llir >ImiU hI the ciiirciit was an lioiir ami a lialf latn, ami .n • 111' slaiiil of ilu' small liiw walfi- llic ciint'iil i' than llii' lloiid runs in in tins liii'alltv. 'I'lir l.til lliat tlic t'lili riirii'iii iiiakt's lailirr mIhiil: iln- soiiili slimi' iiisnlc ilic I loMin ( lair is wrll known to all tin- coast ns w Im Work out I lo.-.iil el' llic Hood anil pass I'oi'l Point at llic eailii ^i inacticahle stauc ol' llic slack Mood ciiircnt. ll is ;4iiieiall.v estimated tlial llie elih current maki ■• an lioiir earlier on lliis soiitli slioic tli in at Sancelito, A \v\\ stiniii; llood cm lent sets III roil ;,'li llic Kaccooii Straits, with sin in;;' s\\ irliii;,' and I mi I ill;; eddies; and the elili cmreiit also cnmes \ei'v sti'oiiL;l,\ thioimli the strait t'loiii the ii|i|Mr liav , and stiikin;; Yellow lUiitV ami roiiil Cavallo is thrown o\er towards the I'lesidJo Shoal and causes irre;,'iilar and stroii;; ciiiieiits around Tort Point. Oil' the citv liont I he cm rents iiin with a direction ;:ciieially parallel with the shore line, ainl a i|U;irter of a in lie olV the noi th » .1 \\.\\\ tlie\ reach two and a iinarler miles per hour at iialt' and three qiiarteis elili on the lal;;e low water, whilst near lUossom K'ock tlie\ tall lielow tine aiiil .1 halt' miles ]ier hoiii' 'villi a >lron;; overfall. .Montr the south shore the cnirciil of the lar;;e low w.itcr is nearly two and a li.ilf miles |icr hour at the half and tlireei|iiarters ehli. IJctwccii the city front and the southwest side of Veilia I'.iieiia Island, the currents run witli ;;reatei' velocity than at any of the lut'ore nieiitioned polnls. On the lari;e low water, at liallclih. the ciirrriit runs two and iliice Iciiths inihsper hour: at three quarter elih. two ;in(l ei;,'lil leiiihs miles; and at the >taiiil two miles. .\l the small low water these quantities for the same pei lods are one and eiL;litlentli>, one ami ei;;hlteiiths, and one and a half miles per hour. At the hiiu'c llood the current leaches one ;'ni| ei;;lit tenths for half the tide. ( liie mile east of liincon Point in ten and a half fathoms t he elili cm rent icaches two and ei;:hl leiillis miles per hour at iliiei' qiiai tel elili ol' the laiu'c low water, aiiil one and M'\ ell t ciil h> at the small low water; at tliel.ii^i' iIoimI the cmreiii reaches two and one-tenth miles al lial f llood. and at the same |ieiioil ol tin small llood the current re.iches two mih s per hour. 'I'lie alio\c remarks are ;;eiiei,ili/at ions from actual idiscrv .itioiis ; hut from the e\'ei- cliaii;;iii;: conditions in c\ery jiait of the lia\ the lelalions of the cmrriils and the tiiles \ar\. m 1111. ti;mpi;ua n i;i; m- iiii; \vaii;i; m- mik lini.nKN hatk. '•?;', lP m \P' .\t the tidal slation at I''oi1 i'oliit, on the south slioie of the t lolden ( lali', and al Saii.rli;.'. I'l the north shore, where il was suliseqiieiitly localetl. the oliservi r notes the temperature ol Hi'- lir and water several liiiies each da,\. .\ taliiilalioii of the lempeialme of the siiiface waler ami if ilie ,iir has licrii made for I he m'\ rii o'cl uk iiii'iniii'^ olisei \ at ions fiom the daih record I'l' l!ii' tell \eais eMelldlll;,' 1 1 om .l.iinia 1 \ . 1S7 1, to I Icccmtii I , l^^s the lowest temperatmc of llie water |s Im the iiiolilh ol .1; This comhiised lalile show ^ ll 11 \. .Ml .I'.l I'ahr., and the h;. 'or the moll I h of Septemlier, ."I'.l MIS I'.ihr. : and thus t he a\ cla;;e i aiiue is onh nine di owe st monthly teiiipcr.ilme oliserxed was .lanuar\, Iss:;. vvhm ii leached I. .'i, and ihiliii in .\n,misi, I.smi. ci .i. 'lii,. i,i;. teiiilier was .")7 .'.I ill 1 s7 |. The teiiipeialme of the an I liest ialii,'e in .laiiuaiA w a-' !• Ill IsTS; and llic 1 ow est III \ii\ ilose!\ I hat of I he w atei, liciiiL; IT .S for .f iniiaM ;i: '! .">.s .,S I'lir ."septeiiilicr; luil tlic moiilli |i>r ihe lii;,'liest tenipeialure was .liine, lieiiiu' <>" • tallies. how.'Mr, cle,ni> iiidic it,- in detail the ;;rcat uniformil\ of the tciiiperatiire of the w.ii' i ':i this jiart of the coast, an '■ af the air w itliin lifleiu feel at the surface of the water. To flirt hei' show t!ie re''ulaiil\ of III l.iliiilat ion is made for ll I' dail\ cliau;,'!' of Ilir lempn.iture of the walci. a le moiilh of .laiinaiy. alioiii I he niiddie of w liicli iiionlh the tcMi|i' of tlic u ,ii( r ai 1 i\ es at its I ow I ~I st.lL:c. |n| a lii'l loil 111 ell Mil \eais from |s7,'!|o |ss;;iii The decrease and then the increase diiiiii;,' the month are quite small, hut almost unifiiini. ll is this unifoiniily of lempcratiire of the sea water almiL: the Pacilic Coast and its lo" ■ .i peialiiii' wliiih conspire with aliernatinu' w ai in .iiid ciinipaiali\ el.\ quiet pciinds and lln •' liorthwesl wiiiils ll iiutiimn. the peculiar fo;;;:\ coiidilioiis winch pii\.iil duriii;; the sinii liiii ft II III ' rlici. ml ai ■h\f I. riciii I vx Im rlir^i llllKr-- 1 llcili r li.i.v . I ;inl>. tt'lillis (t'lilHlf* • lal ur l',.;i,t lliliM. (• lai _'• ol iIm ■clili'. Ill' iIh- ■la!,.l if 1 M- ^ II .i: I,.. I ...1 ': ,«* t n Hi: 111 w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 11.25 IM 115 U£ i^lii |22 ^ 1^ 12.0 If ^ 1^ ly. 1 1.6 Hiotpgraphic Sciences Corporation 'i3 WiST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. MSSO (716. (:ri.4S03 V iV ^^ a>^ \ :\ # ^ i I'ACIIIC COAST ril.uT. 2'2U :ig 1 1' .: 1 i m Aliilriirt of lln dm/// /< my/( id/ii/i »/ (/i< niitir itiiil i //ir f.oWi II (!(ili . (ihiiriiitiiniH iiiitilr at T 1)1 iIh- wiittT. K.ilir. I r.ilv. Viir. •Inn. K.li. MiiitIi A|iril Mii.v .lull.' . n A o o , ,- t . II .'.><. 4 411 :■ r.:i fi 4a. 11 .M. 1 .'.:i. 11 ST. 4 ,V K .'.H 8 .-.11 1 I--I brJ :« 1 411.4 r.i :. ftl.ll :4. -M .',0. 411 a-, .i.-. tt A -(• ,1. (Kl ^1.78 + 11.51 -.1.44 -1.87 -I.IL' Oil. fTllMll. April R.'.. 7 rill. ( M!:i I II KJ K.ilit. I — \ ""■ V.Milv IID'illlS. W -A. :* .'.J. 2 ,>1. Ih 1 0. ;io ;.i .'. .'.1 r.ii i 0. 28 (i :>:. ft ,'..•.. 1,-. t (1. 12 li r.i. J r.i;. 1.2 I'l. ID 1 7 .*.,'. J .-.r, 81 f 1. 12 ji :.!. I r.ii. Ill -11.211 :. .'..■..-, y.. .17 II.44 7 .'.1.0 .'ill. 'JH (1.00 U W. 1 .'M.liii .I.IIB t\ .'Ml. l! .'>4. .'I) + 1.00 liti .'.I.M 55.45 :•« t ;i. .'IS (-0. 82 +0.82 .lillv S. |.|, 1»78 18TS IvC! iHKt 47.1 4.5.4 45. tl 42. 2 4.1. » .-..'. 2 .'.1, :i .'.5. f* .'.1,8 5.-.. 1 .Ml. !l 1 .'.-..2 57. li .•.8. 7 1 4lt It .'..1. :i .'.!! 8 .'.2 7 r.7. 2 .'.-. 7 1 111. 8 r.i. 4 .'.7. 7 ftl n M ? '-I 7 :,n •1 .'■H 7 <'•«> 1 llj f Vi) - It (Id ■J .'••^ I .'>" ■J tti - M'.l.llllv til. .ItIM 111 Ml 41' 21 .'■8. 8ii 57. 30 52. lU { 48. Vi'iiilv IIII'llllK. 1 .ll. 88 .■. .'.4.:W 7 .'.1. 7:1 1 ,-..■.. in 2 .'..-.. 01) 8 .'8!. 45 .J 53.113 7 K. 28 ■^ .'.:l. 27 7 XI. 118 5!l 54.01 .tliflniil t'f (liiUy liiiiiiiiitluri III' till mill 1 1, ,1. '.'/ ".' I' llir iilii III' .litniiiti-y I'ltr 1 U i-t;!-'-:!. Kiiiln 18711 111 18811 lll.lllNivr Mi.mi nf d.iily I.-lll- lit-latilif Kahr.' I'llllll 18 \rKi liirl .lanunry 7:1 111 Mi\r. 12. Mian III' i' lilv l.-ni j...r.iliiit.. l-'alil, ' 50 Kvi.m l''7:i tl. lf.8.1 nil lut*iv. M.an i.f itaiK 1. ni- h. laluii', Kuhr. .liiiiiiarv 1 . SI. 1 January 23 ... 50. .1 Jiuiiiaiy •J 51 ■Tiitiiiarv Ill 40. II .laimiity 24 .. 00.7 •litiiiiiirv 3 . 50 » •laiiiiary 14 .. .VI. 1 ■1 .Hillary 25 .. .'.0. 5 .I111111.11V 4 . . ,'.0. 11 .lalillniy 1,-. .. M. 2 Jaiiiiarv 2il .. 60. .'. .liuiiiiiry 5 51 .lanuiirv 10 .111 li .lannary 27 .. 50. :> • l.llllKII \ ti . SOU Jaiuiary 17 .. ,'111 7 .laiiiiary 28 . .. 50.2 .liiiiiiarv 7 51.1 .liiiiiiat'\ 18, 5". .-. .lannary 29. . 50. .'. .1. Hillary 8 .. ,'81 8 .Iiiniinry IK ,".n :i •laniiaiy 30 . . . .'..1 .'. Jaim.iry .I.4III1MI V 11 . 10 .'.0 4 .luiiimiy •luiiuary 20 . . . 511 2 fiO 3 .laiiiinry :it SI, an rm. 54 Jauuaiy 11 .. 50.5 .Imiiiui'.v 22... ,'iO. Uiiipliical plotiiiip: of till' tfiiiptTiitun's of the air and watiT in llic ("mlilt'ii Ciitti', cxliiliitcd llltill I l>t tllllit', .sill irii'iiii si liiiiv .III I. ti'iii n| 11,1 liir I .;<'st.s till- ill! i III lit I' I el, 1 1 ion cM.stiii^ lift wct'ii tiic piTioilsof ro^^iiinl tlii> pcrimls of cncf in ti-iiip«'t'atinv of air ami water. When the inontlilv iiuaii ti'iiipeiatiiic of tliu 11 .years, oliseiveil at .S p. in., was plotteil on tiie .saiiic scale it was foiiinl to tall Itelow tlio 1" I It. re of the water from April to Septi-mlter imliisive, ami to lie iiImim it lor the reinaimler ai ; lint when the inoiitlily meaii of three ilaii.v ol)ser\ations, at la. m., tli m., and .S p. m., til M'lirs was plotted on the .same .scale it wasfumiil to lie luacticallv the same as llietemi leni- liii'i'iii III lliilh ' li I, e water diiriiif; May, .Iniu', and Septemlier; to lie aliove the tempeiatiiie of the wj.ter ilier to April imlnsive, and ti i'all lielow the teinperatnie ol the water only in .Inly and •hdij and AiiijumI itiv the masoHH i>/almo.sl iiiiiliiiiKtHsfixjs. It wiiiild .seem, therefore, tli .t * ' 230 PACIl'IC COAST l'IM>T. \ t f-1 tllf wlifiii'vcr till- ti'iniH'ratiiH' of tlii' ;!ir falls below tliiit of llu' water, wliicli iattt-r is verv miili.rm. fdjis aie foiiiifd ; aiiillheii lieiiNilv anil coiitiiniaiiee ilepend ti|ioii the pri'iioiidenilitr iluiiii;; the whole tweiit^tlbiir hours of a teiii|ieiatiiie of the air lower than that of the water. THE WINDS ON THE PACIFIC COAST. Sometimes it has lieen advised for a sailii;^: vessel to work elose alon;: shore to northern iimi. diirinj; the summer uorlliwest wnids. and lake the eimnees of land Inee/es to make latitude; Inn tlieatlempl will lie \er.\ apt to douMe the hiij:lli ot any pa>sa};e. Ilallliuj; li;;ht airs and lalins fr('(|uentl,v exist ahuij; the e(»ast, «hile vessels sexcral hnndrei. miles olV shoi'e have stroii;; uorih westwiniN; anil when as tarout as lln loii;:itude the w iiid veers to the northward, and evi'i east of nort'i.sit that a vessel can head up \ir\ well. Moreover, alon;; the eoast we know that llir current, alter a prevalence of norlh« esteil\ winds, siunetimes sets fiom one to two miles per liuni from the norihward, eNce|it very close under the shores. In our experience we have never vei iiui a wind olV the land north of San Fianeiseo. ami very rarely indeed south of it, except in the reM|,,i, of the i^aula llai liara ('liannel. .\s a {jeneral rule it may i)e safely stated that the lighter suiniin i winds ltd low the line of the coast nearly, and };radually draw towards an vessel with a reasoualde otliiiL; has ever liceii uriu^ the snmiuer the wind sets in strong about |(» a. m., incrcasiiii;- until maiU .sunset, when it l)ey;ius to die awa\. Duriu"' its height it almost rcunlarlv brinjis in a deii>c |. which, wiukin^ :ls way oxer the peninsula, uu'cts that alread.v advain-ed tliron;,'h the (ioldcu tiaic and envelopes San Framisco and the bay by sunset. As a rule the bree/.e. unless ver,\ strnii-. tines not dispel the U It a foj; exists outside the wind is sure to biinj; it in, but tlu' heatci dissipates it tor a time until the suitace is chilled, ami then tlie fo;; covers ever\ thinj;. From November to .March the wimi is trei|Uently from the southeast, blowin;; heavily lor I'vn or three da\s with a faUiiifi barometer, wiukinj; round to the southwest, with a lar;;e and binKii! swell IVom the southw'st, and weather thick, rainy, and si|ually. Mnriii;;- the continnauce ii i "souili"a>ter'" the headlamis can {generally be nmdeout when scveial miles distant. The wcaii ; is nut colli but disa^Mi'iable; the lirst ii--e of tin' barometer indn'ati s the break ill}; ot the yalc. .umI after the w iiid has cliiuucd to siiulliwcsl Im a few hours the clouds break their didl nniloiiiiiU. the wincl veeis rapidly, the »'londs dissipate, and the horizon clears. If the mulhwcster coniri ;. s the baromclci ri.-es very hiuli. If the '•soiillnasier " has blown a K''''" f'"' several days an u.i\ cross sea collies up as the wind veers to aid thi' Ion;; re^rnlar westerly roll of the I'acilhr. Diiiin;; heavy eontinii!)Us " southeasters" the sea breaks upon the San P'raneiseo Bar fnun •u>' l''our fathom Hank round to the south shore, preseuliii}; a fearful si;;ht. It is probable thai : ' heaviest breakeis occasionally occur ill seven fathoiiis. The roar e. Dnriiij; some winters a hard " mnther " will spriii;; up aial nlow steadily and sii(inj;l> fi to tivi' davs. with a clear bine iiid cold braciii'T weather. Winds rarelv bl ow from p< between iiorili. round by ea>t ti> southeast. Ibii the autiimu of and winter of !s7o-'7l wa- marki'd except ion. ea>teil,v and noi tlieasteily wimls pievailiii;;. Diiriii}; lliefallof |s;o ilic « li i from the .\ictic Ocean. iMUind to the Samlw ich Islands, had such a snecessiou of easteilv wn that thev all fed t< aid of the islamis In the winter of ISSii-'S,! there was an ■luu prevalence ot northeilv winds; and very ficipiently the prevailing; vviiul for Deeeinber and .lai IS from the north. The fuitlier noitli we ;Hlv;iuce the lieavi ier blow the trales in winter. Th e V\ inter L'alcs (>l III co;ist have their oii;:iii to the northwest, ami we m.iy know whether the center .t i l\ airs •.iMi' ■ ml. ( lllhrf. seven , Ill's ■' lli'tl si :is !'■ , and \nili .lilfcrer ilii' ii>iial no l>i'iHh~iila ot' hut h '' ijllitt I lie sum all' aiiiiost CO Islaihi-. Alas tn'i|iiiiitly sli waters ■.!■ the i.llltll.lcs. A (■nasi, w hilst Wlini th iiiMsiliic at tl iliMisi;\ jN till lIlllMI-li lllc w l,ll';;r aicas iit' "I- lifli I II hill '•ll\r|..[,ili;; sn !||iilllilaiiis he li.ivc li'll the 1 |li'\c'iii|i ami I ilii' aliiii.sphei llMill■('^ toward l^iii- here am ll.lW MM-ll fr|-,.;| III ilie w ai "Mtlnll llolll tl illiT licl w ecu 1 I, III.' ihc heat I I'liiarkably dr; ■III Irani the oc ' ' till' iiiici'ior ' '"••an i.ikfs th ii:iilii'i|iately eli :iImImm.|. III,. ,., I'; 'liantl^v 'l.tails . if thee, linlii'ta. It is I as thi- Si.Tia S; .111.1 Mi,. ,.|||.,. ,|„ '■iii;i' .lie .seen \' -els HOI ^'itliniil seeinjj •'^liaii .n .Iiian ( 'k^**- .S.oling ' I'Acikk; coasi I'li.ur. 2.*n ■ill WiM' I'.l^' llllic'i .iir> ■ :i> I III)' K |1C|I1I lull h ^ 1(1 lisr, till' wind iM!i\ l>t' fxpcflcil scion Ik sliill idimhI I>v llic west to norfliwcst, anl and i isiiiL: twenty one liiindred and ^ seven teet fi'oin the ri;;lit hank of ihe SlaviansKa or i;ii>>ian l>'i\ei, \\e foiiiid lii:hl \ai'ialde hni sironj; noithwest windt* were lilowin}; over llu' oec.in. I'poii .Snipliiir I'eaK, in latitude '. , and twenty six miles from Ihe coast, we liave had fresh lirec/es from Ihc east-northeast, .lillciciiccs of Ihirtyfonr decrees I'ahi. lietwecn the wet and dry linlli Ihei inoincters. whilst >iial northwest winds were prevailing,' aion^ the coast. I 'pon .Moiinl 'I'.imalpais, on the north i-iila of San l"raneis<'o IJay, the wind is the same as oiiiside and Ihron^h the (ioldeii t!afe, ii (luite so Ntroiij,'. THK FOGS ON THK PACIFIC COAST. Ilie siiintn«'r fo};.s ])i'evail upon the coast from .Iniie to Seplemiier, and in some sea.soiis they ,iri' ;i; st conliiiiions and \('ry dense. They e\teiid alon;; the whole sealmaid Imm the Aleutian 1>I;iimI>. .\hiska, ISriti.sh Colnmliia, etc.. and at times reach as far soiiih as Cipe .San Lucas. They lrri|ii< iitly stretch Neveral hundred miles se.iw.nd and appear |o mark the pieseii f the cooled wiiii^i'l' the KiiroSiwo or .Ia|ianese Warm Stream alter it has •^i\«'n np lis heat in the lii;rhcr i.itiiii>li'<. .\l times they appear local, and exist in Ihe \ iciiiily of the ;;'reat winti "{aps alon;; the ifi.isi. uliiisi the ]iromiiient capes, headlands, and <'oast peaks arc iifv. When these loiij^continiicd lo;;s prevail they lie directly upon the water, and olijects are iii\iMMe at Ihe distance of a ship's length. .\s a rule the\ arc onl.v li;;lit at sea, hut increa.se in iliii»i:\ .(> they reach the warmer shores. Sneli toy;s are wd. cold, and penelratiny; ; they pass tliiiiii-li the wind K'M"* ""'I leach Ihe valleysof Ihe interior, siunctimes drawing; into and covering' l,ii;;r iiiiis of the ilreat \'alle_\ of Califoriii.i. These toys attain an avera;;e liei;.'hl of foiirleeii nililiMii hnndred feet aliove the sea, and someliines ri.-e asliiyh as twent.v six hniidii'd feel, "iiMl.ipiii;; sncli peaks as .Mount Tamalpais, iloss Mountain, etc When the ohserver is on the 'iiiiiiin.iiiis he will occasionally see the toys dissipated alony: ilie immediaie coastline after they .live leli ilie hills; but hefore the sea is uncovered, the heat ol the d.iy falls, .iinl the lo;;s a;.'ain i|i'Vi'ln|i and roll lhroii;;h e\ cry ;jorye ami valley. I!veii if the fii;j- chars aw. ly lielore noon and ilir Miiniisphere continues clear for a few hours, the condeiisaliiMi of the ai|Ueous vapor a^jain com- liic'iiio Inwards sunset. Sometimes lar;;e areas of the ocean are seen clear of fo;;s with ;;ieat masses Unix li'ie and there; and frcipiently wc have looked down iiilo the (Inlf of the I'arallones and li.i\> M ell t;reat spaces i lear of fo;;, w hich, howe\ »'r, was cii\ clopiii;; ! he yronp of the I'arallones. In I lie w armer days of su miner, w hen there is little or no w ind alon;; the >ealioard, the evap- ' liiliiiii iiiim the snrface of tli«> sea saturates the air with aipicous \ apor, and there is little diD'cr- riiic heiwecn the temperatures exliiiiitetl li\ the dry and wet liulti therinomelers. \\ the same Mil' lii.' heat in the (lieat N'allcy of California and the adjacent vallcxs is veiy ^jreat and the air I'liiaiLiMy dry. After ii few days of this excessive heat over the land and Ihe calm at sea, the •• wind ^laps" to supply the place of the healed air "I'tiic iiiieiior valleys. When the movcnieiit coiumcnccs, the air in contaci w iih the surfaci' of Ihc I'liMii i.ikes the lower temperature of the water, w hich ian;;es Irom ."iti |o tiO in summer, and iiiiiic.li.iiely chills the a then moved toward uml M\i I the coast shores. I'l ■iiantly the heavy foj^s of summer are |)reeeded hv a veiv dark, blue ha/e that hides the liitnil'- ,.f ilie coast line, especially in such a iccedin;: sliore as :hal lielween I'oinI Keyesand I'dint '' ■' 1 ll IS then very dilVicult toi'stlmate distances. Iiidcr the ;;rcat nionnlain liai i iers, siuli :i- Iih Sierra Saida Lucia, this ha/e or a lia/y I'o;; will form clo^c nnder the hiu:h |trecii)itous shore .iiMJ ..I. iiie |||(> eoaslline, but to the vessels three to ti\e miles olf shore the hi;;h peaks of the i.iii-e .lie .seen above this opaipie atmosphen' and iitili/ed as landmarks. V. mIs sonietimes encounter the summer foes when Ihe.v leave port, anil make their trip «]liinii! seein;; thesnii or laml. In 1.S.VS the siii vev iny biiy: FniiittUnnj inadi' the passa;;e from Ihe ^liaii .liian do Fncii ti» San Kram-iseo and never yot siy;ht of Ihe sun or Ihe kind tor I wj'iity two 'l'.^^' iilin;; vessels Lavo laid oil' the mouth of the Columbia Kiver four or live weeks witliout Jib ■ N' I :.n 1 \v i, 11 -vx-* I'Aciric (iiAsr iii.iir. P' kiHiwiii;; tlifir position. \Vf li;i\i lucii lliiri> tivr (l;i\s iit (';i|if l>jsaii|ioiiilini'iil willioiit jicltin- iiii ohsorviiiion ;il iii;.'lit on iirrunnt of Co^.s. In .Inlv iiml An;;Mst, is,".!), tlicrc wiis ii iicriod ,•< thirtv nino il:i\s nf contiiiuons loj; rcconlcd ;it Toinl Itcvcs. ami tlniMifi llir (list tt-n tla,\s of lli.i; liciioil till- snn was iiivisiltlc. ami alliT tliat onl\ visible now and then ovcrlit'ad llirou;;li llir (o;;. When smli ('(intiniioiis fof^s licjiiii to dissipati', tlii-v ficar a\va> ovt-ihrad in tlic wannest |piii; of tile dav. occasionally allowing a si;;lit of the water for a rnile; on snliseiim nt ut it closes down at nijjlit. Tiiey al-n become less wet. cold, and jicneiratiny;. Sometimes this foj: In i;ins to lift bodily, as it were, and the horizon and the lower i>arts ot' tlic coast line become visjhh'; and not nnfri'<|nently it lill> so lii.it the underside of the fo;^.eloiiil i> Ired, or even two hnndrecl, t'eet above the surface of the water. Allhon;;ii the shoi-e Mia\ lize localities iiiidei' such jieenliar aspects. This liftiiiu' one liiim lie \ isible it is cxtremel.s ditlieidt to lei of the fo;; does not necessarily continue all ni.uht, but ma\ last Ion;; einiuy;li after sunset foi ,i vessel to obtain siuht of a li;;lit house if it be low enoii;;h. Or a fo^r having' luaiiv of these ch.ir.K tt'risties nia.v form alon^' the coast with a well-detincd under suitace that never comes down npnii the water. Oil' the (loldeii (late We have seen the hulls of liftecn or twenty vessels ami the line of mrl.v coast vi^ilile i rst beneath tlie fo'' cloud, and have made Point I'loneta clear to a ln'i;;lit of mir hiuidred feet v liile the hi;iher jiarts were in impi'iietrable fo^'. I'rom the exi>erience of navi;:ati on this coast and the oilicer- over Ilnriv \ears, if the Coast and (ieodi'tic Siirvev workin;; aloii'' the se; board Inr i.ih I the aveia;;e hei;;ht of the under surlace of the lifting; fo;j cloud Is estln about ei;;litv to one huildled teet above the water. To meet just such conditions the I,i;;lithnavc (Ml Point Poneta was clian;:ed to a low»>r position, and the I.i^;hts on the coast an^ beiny (daceil as low as practicabl" for this very reason. During: the iirevalciice of these fo^s the wind is moderate, li^ht, or calm; tliey may break up ithout wind and the weather bei'omc mild and pleasant with little wind. Or strong' nortli winds may come up and drive awav the fo^', biin;;in;; clear skies and the rcfiular northwest swell ol the Pacilie, In winter, the t'o^'s are replaced by lln' thick, murky weather of the " soiitheasters '" wlnrh brin^ up ram and sijuails. but through wliich headlands may be made out vvher. severa' mih- lii-- taiit. l'"o;;s do occur in wiiiti'r, but they are exceptional and do not last lon^j. To the olisei \ cr on the moll mains the ^'leat fo;;s appe.ir as an ocean of (doiid. throne h u ImiIi the siiiiiinits of the higher mounlains appear as islands; it is troin stations on the coast niciiiij:- ains that we have determined the liei;;lit of the upper surface of the fo^'-cloud and tlie.r roiiliin' ol clian;;i-s. In the fo;;s ot snniiiier and the thick weather of vvintei' the steam f(>;;vvhistles at the I. .;hi- liouse stations on the coast are to be relied upon for obtaiiiin;.' a vessel's position, as the I-i^hl-< i ni not be seen through the foo^s. Put the distance can not always be jiul};cd by the loudness of tl)' sound Some (iinoiis results have bi en developed by the I'nited States Li^'litdioiist^ Kii^'iin this (oast troiii the riinnlii;,^ of the fo;,'^ signals. 'I'lie |(ersistence of t'o^s may be lueasiired b\ iln a^'j: rebate time letpiired in ^iv in;,' warning: signals during' fo^'s ; and the monthly and yeailv inc. his of the hours so employed at the dilVrrent stations ^wi' their relative liability to fo^s. Tin ' , jiortant fact has been emphasized that the locality of maximnm fo^ lies between the IP.nl-'l San I'rancisco ami Point Itcves. or w ithiii the norlhern jiart of the ( iiilf of the r'aralloiics. I In- had been our expi'iience in t wo seasoii.s' ocen|)ati(ni of Miaiiit Tamalpais. North of I'oini !>' > - the decrease of freipieiicy ot' tin- fo^rs is not so rapid as to tho .southward of the lleatls. ,\I I' I Arena I.i^lit Ir ninety-one miles from Point Poiieta, the loj,' recoitl shows a ;;reater jn.'V. than at Pigeon Point I.iuhthoiise oi' Point .Vho Nuevo l''o;,'-wliistle, respectively thirty and ik ' eight miles to the southward ot' the Heads. Put t he decrease is not colli iiiuoiis to t he north wanl beeausi* the " wiml ^riil"* " •""' "' '"'' ' ' '' eirciiiiistaiires cause niiich comleiisalion, as for example at lluinbohll l!ay, where the low km i-. the fresliwaler slrcams, the Ion;;, low sand lieacli, and the leewaid barriei' of tlit^ .Memle im Mountains conspire to aivo an excessive amount of fo;; at the lliimbohll Pay liiyht. It i- '■•''■ persistent at the Humboldt Pay entrance, while Tiiiiidad Head and ("ape .Mendocino and the m,i- ward horizon may be char. A second example is farther north: Point Adams is at the iiioiiin "( theColiiuibia Itiver, and in ISTll the fog-whistle was used h-.ss than half as lougasut roiiit Poi • M. I'oiiil Pone ciitriiice to v;\\'i\ seaso r:iiii\ .--easoi since 1S|!» V ami ninety 1 I'ACinc COAST I'll.oT. L'.i.'l AtliiiiiH JN a low jtoinl willi iiii «'xt«'nHiv(' iin-a oC low roiiritrv lii'liiml it, with flic larp<' rivtT i!H tiiltiitaiit'.", ami is also to Ict'wanl of Slioalwalir lla.v, wlicic tli*> fo;,'s form j-ailiir, • Ilii;,' to our toiir iiioiitiis' i-xpcrii uvt' in IS.'d, On the conliarv, tlic 'rillaniook l,ij;lit lionsc is lork alti'cast tli«' nioniitainons <'oast. to tlio ^.llltll^val'll of tlir <'olniiilija IMmt. At tills station >;: wliistio was nsnl alioiit on*> sixth tho tiiiiM it was in oiitiatinn at I'niiit llonita. Coniparctl roint Adams tin- wliisth- at. Tillamo of that point. I'm- tli«' thiit.v-two months crniin;,' June .'!0, \^ >cason. The following; totals of rain that fell at San (''raneisco tlnriii;; each rainy .seasoti siiii'i' isttt will show tliat the amount is not preat. The point of oliservation was two hundred ami ninety feet above the bay. ■ - - ~ ' Iiiiriiii! 111.' ruiiu Mt'iiitiiii "of- .VntKiMit i.l luili-lull. l.lMMll. "'~ .\IIH1IHII lit i.iin l.ill. NllllllMTIlf ll.l\ - llllllll will, h II 1 iilii'il Ini'het, II iiichftl. 1H41I 50.... ■.a. 1 M Mm~-m .'14.11 71 IH.'KI- ,M ... :. » M l.'itl7 CH nil.8 711 li-.-.l-S-'... IH. 4 r... iwij. fill ... •J1.4 82 1K'.2-'.W . . . Xv :i 70 infill 70 ma 57 18.'i:i'.-4... ■iX 11 ► J Ih7n- 71 14 1 48 lK'>4-'r<5 .. '.'a 7 70 1H71.72 :u.7 711 ll.,'i.'. Ml... 21.7 .'.« 1H7L' 7:i 18.0 :ii liw.--.'.;.... UI.H na lti7:i-'74 ... ;4 Kh m,-iV-'.'.« . . . •Jl.9 .'ifi 1.-74 7.-I ... 18 4 4S u:o<-;^ .. •j2. 2 fill 1S7.'. ^n 'Jfl. 11 811 IRMITiO... •X.S 74 l«7(i-77 10.(1 48 1 Will- 81 .... l».7 71 11177 ■7H .... ai 1 ri8 lhiil-«2.... 4»:i d.l I (.711 79 •J4.0 68 i«--8:i.... III n :-i 18711 8lP ... '>! 27. .1 81 1WM-(K> .. '.'4. 7 •Ml IfSi-M' l.V (1 r>8 1»I65-(I6... 22. B (;« isK.i- i'uil.\ aimmiils wviv ^lislrilnUol oarli intnitli tintii iliily, 1S|!», to i\n^ oiid of .liiiit', ISS.'i: Ucmn Mraii liuln lii-l III' ilii>M in whii li ILMII It'll. mnntlilv ruih-litll. Illl lll'H. Siiiiiniur\ liir i :ii ti Ht'iti*iiii. Jull.- 11. 18 0.11 1 .III!} 0. m a Toll 1 Tor lliii MiiiiiiniT n. 1 1 illl hi-M nil 1.7 IllVl* Ant;uHt ... fl.-i 11 ,'. 1 Sfptt'iiilHir (1. la la 1 Oi'tiiln-r... 0.7h a. 2 'I'liiii 1 I'm till' .iiiluiiin a I'll iii> 111 14 nil 11. .'• l.l\K. NoveintN'r . a 7a 7 11 ) IlfflMlihrr r> 40 118 1 iTitiiiiHry 5. 12 1" a 'riiii 1 I'.ir Uii' uihtiT 14 la iiiilii'K nil ai.o 1,1 Ml. Ki-Iiriiary .. a. 81 8 i| j Munli a 04 II a 1 .\)irll 1.70 6. a ' 'rill. 1 li.l Illl. »|.lltli; .'. 411 illl In > I'll 111 '.' l;l>s. M«> 0.118 a. li j AviTllltli 2a. 40 u:i. 4 1 2a. 4U Itl. 4 I i'.J V ' illl Pr.i h ' -'' W 'i ■! l! t , ' ] il i lyik 11 in 2:v\ 'ACiriC < (Icrlvi'd sliows ilin Its ii iiilf. tlic >,'if;ilcst iiiimiiiit tif \\ jittT fiilLs ill Hiti'imImt iiiul .lai.iiiii;v ; in liict ncarl.v unr li,, of llif wiiolc iiii'(i|iiIation of llicvciir falls in tliosc two inontiis. In si\ Kcccniluis of tins pcrr i from It'n to siMocn ami tliict" ipiai tcis incliis of rain liaxc lallcn ; in tiim* Jaiinai\s lioni let anti two thirds to twenty I'onr ami tnie tliini inelies of rain have lalleii. It is also remarked ili.n there is a \ frv notalile ahalemeiit dnnn;;lhe rainy season, sonulinies eslendin^ thron^li niii ■ than a nmnth; lint this partial eessation of rainfall takes plaet^ at dill'erent times in dilVeiem years; the most inaiked and proloti;:ed instances line oeenired in •laiiiiary and Feltrnar\. I • instance, in each of li\ e I'"elirnar\ s half an ini'h of rain, or less, has lalleii. Althoiijih ^larcl'. virtually closes tht> rainy seaNO?i. \ei in April, issn, thei-e was;; very mail,. , period of southeast weather, wiih a downfall of ten inches of r.iiii at San I'raiieisco; and as In. as May, ISs;;, three and forty seven hiindredlhs inches of rain lellallhe same place. In, Inn., l.S,Sl, tlu're fell twoami forty four hnndiedths inches. I'pon the rain tall of winter depends the nicat wheat and ki'"'" <'I<>1>s of (.'alitoiiiia. Wiin twenty three inches of rain at .San Francisco, the Stale with its present acreage is aole to .-lnii twi'iity-threi' millions ccnlals of wheal, and the nnmlier oi'vcsscls cariyin^r llie crop to I'liin-n ports has liccii as hitih as li\t' hnndred and torty-eij;hi in one year, from July 1, is.si.to .liine '■', I,S,S.,'. It is a well estalilished fact tliat the rain fall on the seaward side of the mountain raii;,'e^ '"i the <-oastline is two and a half t lines j^reater than upon the cash in side of the moiinlaiiis. A ; 'i this }:('neral expressimi of {jreater jirecipilatioii holds }:ood even on the western tlaiiks ot' the Sieii.i Nevada. ."Moreover, the rainfall is vastly {jreater at the northern extiemily of the (Ileal Null" \ of <'alifornia t'lan at the soiiihern eNtremitv , rcachiii},' one hundred inches at the tow n of .Sh,i-!.i and lalliii^^ to three inciies at the Kern Itiver. Towards the sonili the annual rainfall decreases <;i'adnally to an a vera ^.'e of nine or ten iiii Im^ at San Diep) and increases to tiie norlhward, rcacliin;f ei;;hlyniiie inches at Ihe nioiiili nl ili. ("oliimliia Itiver, and one hnndred and tweiitylixc inches al Iheeiiliance to tiie .Sirail ol ,liian il l''iica. The nnmlier of lainy da.\s incicascs also as we jin iiorili until there is rain tall thronyhniii the year, with, liowevi a til-eat, pre] oml erance in wiiite Northward of Cape Meinh rain fall incicascs very rapiiliy, lint is contlned to a narrow lielt of the co.isl, \\\- have tio hkmshu of the rain tall at sea for any f:i\ en laliliide. iSoiiiliwardof San i>iej;o the rain fail decreases and the seasons ehan;;e al ion t the latitude of J> . where we liiid the moiintains freipieiilly covered with masses of clouds looking' iniich like lain. I'.:i little or no rain (alls. This limited rc'iion of cloinls aiiu no lain is localh k iiowii to na\ i'laiiii - Wv ■iloiiiriims. South of latitude L's ' the drv .season occurs diiiiii'' tlii' winter and 1 1 If Wi , >c;IM'll diiriii;; the summer. At San ,Iose del ("alio, in lalilnde LM ' or. at the southern extremity of ( ' iIi foriiia. the rainfall for sexcral seasons avera;;ed four or live inches. In the rc^iinii of San I'raiieisco li;,'htiiin« and thnnderare \ery rarely seen and heard, and onl.\ iijioii two or three occasions has snow fallen in that eily. On the mountains alon;,' the sc.i lio.ii.l snow sometimes falls, Init with triliin;; depths, and it disappears in a day or two. .s,.n i th. I iiavijrators mention seein;: snow on the seaeoast mountains. In .laiiuary, l.S.Stt, the snow tall alMH.- the entire coast w;is very liea\y ; Init some winters pass without any. BAROlVlIiTRIC INDICATIONS OI" WP;ATHER. T'poii this coa.;t, in the latitude of San I'rancisco, the liarometer niider;;()es such iimdci ' eliaii;,'es in winter tiiat by il alone the character of the comiii'' wealliir can ha rdJN lint tlie iiavi;.'ator K^i'liers from the appearance of the weather, the l, 111'' lis a "southeaster" is lilowiii;;. liiil this uiml is rarely Kontheast evin by compass; its ^'eiicial direction is parallel with the coastline, and in-i'li of I'oint Concepcjon the coast docs not form a lee shore except where Ihe shore trends wtsiw as at Santa Crn/. Diakc's I'.ay, etc. Tliese insl.inces are so limited in extent that wilhicaM'i ' seii-rooin no vcs.sd has ever been dri\en ashore on this coast in a soiitheiuster. r.\(ii It ( iiAM' I'li.tii'. '>*>.r. rilic liaroini'li'i" fulls i;i|iitll\, ;i M'smI iiiii\ (Api't'i it siiniii,'- •^■,\\f iVoi, till' .sitiitlifnsl. Willi r;iiii lilll Hit lolil \v loll;; ;is llii- ImihhicI' r 1mii;;s iil lis lnwcst III l.i- « \\ r liiivr I'lillMil III!' li'iist I'liaii;:)' ii|>\Miitl IikIii litis low |iiiiiil In JiiilitMlt- I IimI I lie ililfrl inn r>ul siiliii I iliirs W lull llir li.lloiiiriri' ll.is n Mi'lli'ii ils liiWr.sl |iiiillt, iliil \\ ill siMiii rlhiliU) ,.i\ ■ vM'iils Iiilii- imlirs or llu'lt'iiliiiill, llirli- lii;i.\ lie ii lull in llir j^iilc ; ill (lift \M- liiiVf <'\|M'| ii'iirrtl i Is I a ili'iiil I'liliii ill siu'li a tiiiK', w illi :i li i^lil liili,\ cdiiriist'il st'a nitiiiiii}; ; llit-ii w itlMiiit \\A' II;: iIh' i:uli' woiilti K'l'oiiiiiit'iii'f \\ illi ilsnM |iii> riiiiii lilt' InriMi'i' i|iiailrr. Tills r.iliii arva III (I . il lln' ct'lilcr 111' lln' rvrlitiii'; as a nilr il i> laillirr oil sin in- lli.iii I lie a\i'iau:i' niiilc of tlm ,11.1- tnillic. Ill tlifsi- lirav.v siiiillicasl ;;ali's il is ililliriilt In iinli-ilii' . I.ili' i>r llii' iiii'ii'iii'ial liariitiiflfi', lii'i.i.sc ill sonic liaroiiictrr.s tlu> cohm'X siiiLkt uI'iIh' rnlMiiui nl' niiii'iii'v sinU.-i ln-lnw iId- iIhii III III ■■!' nii'lcillV wliich adlirl'cs In I In- llilirr .-.lll r.ur of I lir lllln' ainl ;:i\ rs llic (Ifrcplix i- a|i|>iM|'aii('i^ iiT .1 iiolliiw or I'oiiiMM' Mil l.iii' to till' top of llic colmiiii ul' iiukmi \ , 'I'lic liaroiiiriiT may rcatl mill :< lii'Iow tlif iippiT iiiaii^'iii of this tfiiipoiaiils Hm il liliii. 'i'lii' aiii'iui.l har .mrti'i', if in ;,rooil i;,' onli'i-, iiiav lit' iiiiiili iiioic (Titainly nlicil ii| Mill. Willi a liaroiiM'tiT risiii;^ aUovc iliiiiy imlics we niay cxprri noiiliwcsi winds if ilit- ti-inpiTa- iir .iiiil liiiiiiiility ol" tlio uliiiosplitTi' tici'n'asc. Soiiifi lines ilic lianiini'lcr lias rist-ii on tins roast 1 tliii ly ami st'Vt'ii triitlis iiH'lics with jilcasaiil iioiihwol wi ailnr, whilst we lia\ r cxpi'i icnccil a \r i:.i\s' ^;alt' iVoiii tile northwest w ilh clear, liliic skies, plea>aiil li'inperal me, ami lianuiieler just li.iM' tliirlv inches. With niicIi a lilow. the liorlliwesl swell of the I'aeilie increases \er\ lariielv. rviiij; il re;,'iilarity which any well t'oiiml vessel cm we,i;lic lull 1'^ esi With tin' stroll;^ " iioi-t hers" that soineliines lilow i-s winter the liiioiiieler rises somewhat ihiiM' iliirty inches, the sU.v is clear ami inlciisely liliie. the al iiiosphire colil. luit \er\ ili\ ami III. H 111::, ami sik'Ii rtcathcr is said to he presa;,'e(l liy an iii .i^iial IwinLIiiii: of the stars. Tlnx' iiiii;lii is do lint indicate any soiitherl,\ wcalhcr, Imt iiioii iieipieiil l.\ follou a two or three da\ s" i.ii'.i «iili southerly wcathei-. I 'f llie soiitheastcis on this coast, it is found that llie\ lie;;iii liisl al the liorlhw est ward and ixiiiil ;,'iadiially to the southeastward. Their iiio>l \ loleiit cvhiliii mn iie.ii I lie -.ea Imard is lo the ll.ll1ll Aeslward, outside the Strait of .Iiiaii de |'"iica. In two or three d.i>s altera heavy soiiih- ii-'ii develops iilioiit the (' Iiimliia l.'ivcrwf may evpei't to experience 11 al S.iii Fiancisco. Iiiu-inls the Alaskan coast these .sioriiis are very \ioleiit ami a \i r\ heavs and irre;;ular .sea, .inniiiiMiiies t lie Ml. These ;;ales appear to rot at < w ith a c\cloiiic iiiol ion, I ml their rate of ]iri>;;ress .mil hie.iilth arc yet uiikliow n, hecause they rreipielltlv extend f.ir out In sc.i and there art' yet Very iiw lui .HIS of traciiii.; out the areas which they occupy and wliii'li they ti.ixeisc. TKIVII'KRATURK OK THI-: AIR AND WATKK AI-ONO TIIK SKA-HOARD. The lollowiii;;' tallies will ;;i\e a ;r<'iicral idea of the teinperalnie of III • air mi the sealioard. Ill' III mr IS iiiiicli w arnier lull on account of ihe dryness of ihe alino^p re Ihe elVrcl is iml in iiIiil; to the hiiinaii s\ stem as e\ en a lower leiiiperatiire on I he .\il,iiiiic oi ( I nil df Mexii nhmriiil iiiiiiii iiiiilithlii ^ mill iiitiin /"I- liiilrr iiiiirs, front \~'' f" 1 — ■•. 'i.v llir .^7;/H.l' S / riic 11/ Sun l-'i-itni-tMi II. Mi.iilli. I. iiiiK I iluri' MmIiII, Ii'M1|I' I lll'.l SiiliiliKT .llllv i ■Vli^ilKt ... I St-{i(4>ntlM'r. .\ututiiii , OciiilM-r. .. I Novi'IiiImt ( 1 In, Mill,' I , ( Ki'ln il;ir> I MllKll . .M -. I .M" ■>' Sill 111' 5'J. i> 1 .M 1 : M.K ■•<■■ t J M'an niiuii.it trii>p*-i.i(iiio tor lln- ;tl»«>\i' juiiixl JO*^, I .>' 'ml L*:;«; I'ACll K TftAM lil.ttr nhMtrviii Ilium mnufhUi ti nii»rt\liire fr»ut «, i> it i/mm-' <'/•»* •ciWi.KC. /V.»m Jfi/i/, I"'??, to S,p. ti mi'ir. I*" I. 'it I <••< iuii4 1,*. M«-Hit Ml .(II H4-)tMoii. Miiitlli lriii)n laiiiit-. Ixi MtMSIIII. iiiM laliiif. i-'iihr Mfiiii Mfiiii Mohll, !• liil»'l.ilitl«-. lol r.tlit. Hi-HHtiii, I M.ir.l. Sprtiii: Afiil .... I .Iiiiii' SiiDiiiiiT ' .Iiily ...... I .\ii}iiiitt . .. ftt.ft nu. r, 7H. I I St [iIi'ihIhT I AmIiiimii t)i toUr i \ii\ftiilM'r I It Ililkl I WliitiT iIniHurv ... I Ki in II. 11 \ ■'■■■■" I .'.•.'.» ' t.:i ; w.; I Til i I J Amiiirl 111. Jill ttitiitrtiiliiir »'■;: I i.ili^i, "J.'t 7. nhsirriil iilnin nrnitlitit tt inin nttitit- l'i-!"*' rriithnf, l'r< 'ii III" i< I I-iilii i Jtfiii* •n M. iiii Mi'im M..I1II.. ifii I'l I .lull !.ir I .ilii'. Ni'tiHtin Spllli; April . j Jiiiiii July... t Aiiiiaat. ot.i ;i (It t I «:. 1 ' :>, I Aiitiiiiin . . ; n< IuUt I XiivniiliiT . (Ki 7 \\ Mill ItiM'cmlii r I riliiiijir\ t\l\ H 1 „.M. li'.:. 7 .V^ 1 .vvi 1 .•.:i.7 1 .'i4. 1 M.U J Aliriil.il III' .III fiiriJHTJlMIf 111' '' I.IHirr, l"' 1 Tlic t('lli]>('IMtlllr (if llic illlllH'diatf <'ii;is(lilic tli'licliils ill ;;ic;i| hum sure li|ioii llic tillipciiliii'- iil'tlif (M-iMii \v lit ITS II II i\ ill t; ] 111 St it I'll nil till' iiiirlliwiinl, Ml ili.it cM iciiics ilicilin iiiciiiu'tiT liiis liM'ii a little iilidve ninety de;;ices. Triiiiit i(itiii( III' il(f initrr. — I'liini rupe Sun Lucas, in latitude -'.'>\ to San !'"ianeiseii. tlirnii'.'li lit teen de;:rees iil' latitude, the tein|ierature i if the sea \Mltel' deerease.s .seventeen de;;ices in s|ii iii;:. twenty 'iln> deuces ill sniliniel', lifteell de;;rees ill ant llliill, and lil'teell de;; lees in winter. 'I'lic^e HUM !ieis are, Imwex er. liaseil iipun (Hily tv< n \ ears' nlisei A'.ilioiis. and must lie ediisidiTed as iip| lus illiate iilil.V. The deelease is IKit <|llite I'e^^lll.il'. fnl' it is luiliid that smilli nt' I'liilit ( 'iiiiiepi'ii'li llie eliiin;.'!' is siiiiiew hat sudden fnuii the wariner « ater .suiitli, tu the eliilled water nm tli iif tlml | 'Hi'- The hii;hest teiiiperature cif the water iiecnis in the anlniiin at ( '.ipe Siii laieas. as well .1- 'iiV San Fiaiieisi-d, lull the iaii;,'e tliliiii;;li the seiisuns is nut ;;leat. The enldist water (leeni •> ,11 >,:; I'raiieiseci a 1 11 lilt the inidille (if lanitarv , and fniin the tidal lecdrds the teaipe rat lire (if I iii! Ilimr ii fur «de\cii years was .in ..'i. The lii;'liest leiiiperalure is alimit the middle (if Septemlii r « In nil reaches •!(• . At .'san I>ie;,'dtlie teiiipeiatiire iif the water at I. a I'l.iMi may lie taken iisiijlii deu'ices hi^rlier than at San I'r.ineised. with the hiwest teiiipeiatiire In .laniiary and the IhuIh Annii.^t. OtVtlie cdiist at .Sun I'laiieised the telilperiilnre cit'the snlisnrtaee water at mie liiiinlii'l fatlidiii-- riin;,'es frciiii l."i In 17 . The a\ela;,'e (if the oliserv atinns is \ eiy ehise tu |(i . l''iir the ;;reiil(r depths, iaii;;in;; ahiii;; the w luile cdiist, the teinpeialnre df tli(> \>.itii iil ine thdiiMiiid fithd'iis is.i.'i .(1 j'ahicnheit, and at t w d thdiisaiid fal lidiiis ."i.'i .7. Toiijiirnliiii- iif Ihr initir on llir Curildl I'.niik. In |S7;!. iVdin .lime I'J tu 17,dllliiii; the pii ii"! inary li\did;:;apliie siiixcy, the leniperatiire df the water dii the <'drdell I'liink was iinldl '''I'c times a day —lit S a in.. "J p. in., and S p. m.— w iih the fii||duiii;,r reMilis: Menu tiiiipeiiilin' face water at 'S a. 111.. I!i I'.ihreiiheit, at 1.' p. m. ."■! . and at .S p. m. I'.i . The !( dsnf |l;. Stiltidll ill the ( iiildeli I lute tliriiU;;h ele\ ell yeiil s ;;i\ e the IIKH llilli: i ili>er\ at idll df t he si 1 1 I. M • at that seiiMiii of the \ear "iS ..';."; I'ahri'iiheit. On the It.iiil, a f< suli Mirlace dliseiMilidiis for teinpeialiir.' were made with the li This (Ian iliii.N uf a mi I'i wiiii'r iipdi ix'iili .mil sdii «nli M\ 111 tv ii"i;li the riiel "I H.iier (III it The rock Till' liimy lies 'illiii Nidc at I I nun tlii.s lL'.sult.s : At diie hundred and IJfly falhoins, 1.") ..". I'ahreldieil ; at se \ ciilN -ll\ e I'athdiiis. I- I'A( I KU; ('uAsr I'lLoT. •J37 DKSlKIIMION OK I.IOHT HOUSKS AND OTHKR AIDS TO NAVIGATION ON THK INLAND VVAllKS 0|- SAN IKANCISCO BAY AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS, WITH QKNKKAL SAILING ' IKI-.CTIONS. \l<',itr,i/. I.sl.iiiil lj;{lil lias lici'ti ilfM'i'ihcil on piiK*' I'*'-; Vt'iliu liiinia Islniiil I j;ilit, on pa;;,. IM I'liit ruitit Ij;:lit. iin |ia;:i' I7ti; Liiiii' I'liiiit I'ti^ signal, on |ia^c IT'.); Ani;t'l l>lanil I'o;; lirll, (III I'.u'' '■'*•; I'lf^nlio Shoal lliioy, on payc |.S(i; lilo.Nsoin llorU l!no\,on |>a;;(' IH7; Anita Ifock >|iiiiillt'. on |i,int' l.Sti ; Missinn lia\ IJock linoy, on |i.i;;c I >^ ; Sonoma Kock I'.n 13 , on |ia;;i' l.s'j ; ^i:>i liucna Shoal l!no\, on |>a;;f is.s; .Soniliain|ilon Shoal l>no\s, north cinl, on pa^'i; ItIO; Siiiili.iiiii'><»> Slniai r>uo\s, .south ciul, on pa^c ISU, IIEISKKI.KV Ui;i;i' IlKATON. riiiN lit'acoii is not in Hip liiM> of tlit> onliiiarv trallir of tin* hay l>nt is two inih's insitic tho «i-.i> I II i'ily;t' of the llats wliii'li niaki' ont lioin thi' Ciniti.i ('ii>ta >hiirc. These llats ari'veiy IimI. .iiid iheileptli of water ian;;es iVoin tive to seven feet o\er tin- ;;iealer part of them. 'I'hc lii'iipii is a pile driven into the l)iittoin ami has a Im.r mi lnjt imininl in »('(/ ami hlurk Imrizoutiil ^lll|l<.■<. It is placed in se\'en feet of water alxtiit lhiit\ lixe yards southwest three-eighths west SW. .; \V.) ti'oni the l!erkele.\ i.'eef, whieli is .iwash ii low tides. From the l>eat;on we yivc tlio lulluwiii;; i)eaiiii;is and distaiu'es to sunoninlin;; ohjeels: Wi'st piiiiii 111' Iti'ciiiliH' Ntiiiiil . . N. ."iT " W. H inili'H, I' I hiiiirl Wiiarf N. .'. Iv I-iiiiI.'h. \Vr,l Hrrk.lry WImli , S. -I K. lij inilrH. Alcall'il/. I>l:illil I.lj-litliiiiisr S. ii'.i W. .'i iiiili'H. INVINCIIli.i; l!(t(K IMOV. Tliis dan;,'!'!' lie.s on the eastern side of San Franeiseo IJay near I'oinf San I'aMo. and two- iImiiN teiii side, and li\e and six fathoiiiH iMiiili .mil soiilh of it. r.etween it and the eastern slioic of the liay is a ^'ood steamer channel Willi >i\ to twelitN f.ithoiiis ot' w.lter. .Iiisl north of it lies the WIhIiiil; lloek.aiicl still further ii'i;li ilie Micky islets named "The l!r>it hers," ami a tl.in;ier ontlyiii;; therefidin with tilteen I'ei-t '>l w.iier on it. Tlie rock is marked liy a utronil rlass (vni/ooo/ paintc I'.rl N. liy \V. :!iIii.miiiIh. IliiNl Hiiillic'i l,i«lilliiiii»(? N. I'.i 1; i null-. 1 '01 II I Sail l';ililii, III iiiiit;!' with I'liiiil IViiiili> N 'J* V.. J iiiitc. .M"l:ili rniiil S. 71 1:. 1 niilr. liicl l;.M I,, lii',1 IVil liiyli S ;it 1:. tjiiiilrM. \\ liail 111 I' I Sllll (/llilltill S 17 \V 1 ; III I Irs. Till SisliTH, . Ill r.iiiit >Siiii I'ldni N r.t U. 1. iiiil.-M. WIIITINCi UiHK ItfOY. Till Whiting; Kock lies on the eastern side of San I^'rainisco I5ay, near Point San I'ahlo. at 'III' 1 1, 11. nice to San I'alilo I'.ay. ami only twolliirds of a mile troni the slmie. it is one of -'\'i il .laii;;cis in the .same \iciiiit>. It has twelve lecl of water upon it, and is of siii.ill extent. "u III, western side of the rock there is a depth of sixteen fathoms of water, and liom seven to l"i'Ki l.iiliiiiiis on the other sides. There is .s»'ven fathoms lietween it a. id the lii\ incild*- Itoek, •Hill iliinr water lietween it and the IJrotheis. l!' daii^'cr is marked liy a simnil ihi.ss oni liiani painted with ml and hlar'.- Iiiiii:i>iitiil xtiijnu. 'Ill' In <\ IS placed near the slioalest spot (in ei;;hteen feet of water) and may l>e passed on either >Mf VM ji ,.,afcty at a tlislunct) of tifty jariKs. •I ^ fti ! H H 'Hi 'i«l I 23m I'Acinc coAsi ni.or. FrDiii tliis liiio.v wi- liiivc tlic rullovsin;: lM;iiin;;s uml di-iMiH't's toiuljucoiif oliJt'PtK: liuiiM il.l.' line k Hiir.N, in H Ir.l >t. Iiy i:. :iii(l >:ltllH. I';ii>l llniilii I l.iulil liiiii'o' N. :il K. t null'. LVI'iiiil KM k. \ ) N'nitli .V.ii miiiIh. rmnl S;in I'lMn N. :1T I!. i inili'. Miilali' I'.iini H tM i:. U n>il<'>*. I.'iil i;...k. II ',1 Cri |ii:.li S. :iii r.. M niili'N. Wliiill' ill I'liinl >iiii i^iii ntin S. I:l W. •.' inilrn. Tlir Si-ililK. III! I'm III San I'lilin N '.''i W. U inil''H. Ill i)V m:ar nil. i ii ikkn inur ijikk oil' tiik, iiiiui iikus. Tlii«i iliinut'i' is a siii^:lc im-k, li;i\ iii;j miiIv lil'iccii In't ol' wiitiT iiiinii it. w itii llficcn l\itliiH ;, i-Iiisr ariiiiMil il. It lies li\f liiiiiiliril ami tltl.\ .\anls i'\ai'tl\ imitli tVniu tin- W'liiiiii;; llmW llimt ami four liiimlitd vaiilN.suiitli scM-iitv t'iylit (li';:n'<'s wi-.vt (S. Ts"' \\ . i iVdiii tin- i'.ast limtlicr Li^h; liKiisc. 'riif tlilnl i|ii;iiicr of tlic I'ltlv sets iliivrti.v lowaiils tliis nick at tlic I'atc i>l" oih- ami IIih' <|iiail('is iiiilrs pel' Imiir. rict'orc tin' liiiii.v was pjari'il near it vessels tViiiii Sail j'altlo Uay ;:i>ii(- tliliiiiuli I lie mill elianiii'l Kepi In the w est w a 111 sii as tiMipeii the Invilieilile l.'iiek liuoy to the wi'-l waul 111' the WhitiiiK Itnek llmi\ lielitie I'liiiit Sail I'aliln liiue east, Imt tlie.s may now pas.s el.i-e to the weslwaril of the hiioy. This il.iiio,.|- |i;|.s lieeii rei'eiitiv iiiaikeil l>v a /lV.|<^'7((>l)( (vi/i/'»"i/ jiaiiiteil /((/ami plaeeil in se\iii teen falliDiiis of water two hiiiiilieil ami tweiitN yanls west from theroi'k. N'es.sel.s .shoiihl le i> i' it on the stai'lioaril IiamI when ^'oin;; up the lia.v. From the Iniov we have the foliowiiij,' lie.iiin^rs ami ilistaiiees to .nlja'-eiit oltjects: s.iii i'.iiiio r, III i.i iiri Ni;. i III ill'. i;a>l. Iliiillur l.iylil liiiN-v I'.. * N. r..'iii v.iiils Kill Kii' U, III." I'r.l lii-h si;. Ii> S. I, S. -Ji niil.vs. \\ liaif :il r>iilil S.iii t^iiclillM SiV.JS. '.'I mili.s. /'i(/(i/ Siiii I'lilihi' IS the m)illi\ve>i teiiiiiiiation of a lid;:!' nearly live inile.s Ion j; on !lieea>!ini side of S.in I'laiii'iseii Has and |iai.iMel willi the ^real rid;:e riinnin;; norlliwcst ward Irotii .\ii^i'l l.sl.ind .ind Kaei'Kon Mrail. Il is seen as an island tium the .Miiithea.st and northwest heean^i' ii is connected with the eastern main land li,\ a Inoad extent of low mai>li land. Tin' rid^'e is alimit one liiindii'd and twenty feet hi;;li near the e\tremii\, and reaches four hnndreil ami ninetv int near tlie middle, w hen it suddenly tails to a sharp depression almost dividiii}; it in two. I'oiiii .-^ in I'alilo is the tiiiiiinu pninl from San I'laiicisco liay to S.in I'.ihlo \\a\.\ Il has a rocky from \\ \U tell lathiiiiis close iii'^hoie on the West. Ii\ie!isi\e shoals lie III the liroad lia,\ to the east and i i--i noithiMsi of ihepiiinl. ••I'lie llniiheis" I,i;;lil dioiise lies diri'flly alnvast of the point, dislaiil ";;!> four hundred and lil'ty yards to tlie southwest. SAN rAiii.d POINT nrov. '''he shoal water of San Palilo liay lyiiij; east of Point San i'aldo makes out northw.ird ftmii the point a lillle over one i|iiarter o| a mile, and to mark the limit of the threefatiiom li.inl. ii'i vessels nsiiit; the narrow I. i:l dee|i channel lietweeii the point ami t ho [Oast I'.rot her a //('»('' /■•si run hiiaii |iaiiitcd ml and inimlxriil 'J has lieeii pi. iced in tifteeii I'eet of water live linndnd .ind lii'> yards mirth three ipi, liters west N. J \V.) fioin the point. It is on the extreme eilj:e of I he ImhIv and must lie left to siarlioard when a xcssel is ;,'oiii;; up the liay. 'i'lie following are the lieai ii-s and distances to adjacent olijeeis: i;ahl liiiilhii l.ijslil anil I'li^'-whistlc S. I'.* \V. j iiiili-. 'till' liltccn Irrl rink nil tin- rilnllilTs !S. ;Ci \V. ^ lllllr. KASI IlKdTIIKU I.MIIII IKHSK. '•The lirothers" ate two liarreii, rocky islets, each aliont one liiiiidriMl yards in exteir .md twentylive feet ahove the water, \\\i\'^ olf the west side of I'oint San Pablo in the e(iin|iarii ■ S.iiai In-f. tSaii Palijii lia> i-. ralli it Kunriil lias m (Iiiailalii|>i' mi an old S|iaiiiHli rliart. '"lilt I'm I'nuM Mil- i;,,si Im>. "llh exit Iliii'i > luliths 1 |iiiiiii . 'nc|il\ 1 .«t,iil Oil ham Ilia " III, Ike 1 - '"CM pla till' |. ■ .'III. 1 loin Ihis M.iiv llasi IV PAriKU; COAST IMI.oT. 2;!ti ,.|i.i ilwilli lliiito'ii ft ft (if Wilier lift wt 111 till- two islets, ami lift ween tlic eiislcrn islet iiiid Point > '.ilijo lliele is a ilrep eliiiMliei Willi tell to lltteeli latlioiiis of water, w illi stron;; eiiri'i'iits. Tiiis ,|i .1 IS used li_\ tlie liay ami iivei steamers, < Ml the eastern or iiiiiei' islet is iiiiill tliu Iiii;lil lioiise, w liieli is a si|iiiii'e tower lliiilv seven and :i ji.iif feet altoxe the lia>e, risiii;; from a w liite dwelliii;; with ^'iceii wimiow lilimis. The lanlein IK I ! Ilk. Till- illniiiitmtion is of the foiirtii order of the s,\Hteiii of l''iesiiel,aml waH tirst exhiliiled ill hTI. It shows a /I'.Ki/ irhilr liiilit Ironi sunset to sunrise. The iiei^'lil of the foeal piaiie is «i\t . I wo and a half feet alioxe the nii an !e\el of the lia\, It ilium males the wliole hiiii/on, and III I ' II vMMtlier should lie \ isilile at a distaiiee of lliirleeii or fourteen miles. It is therefori* i|,~i 111 tl\ \ isilile III \ I'ssels lea\ iiiy San I''raiieis('o. the ( )aKlaiid iiiers, or San I'aliln Uav. 1 lie ^eo;;ia|ihieal |iosiliiiii of the I,;;; hi, as determined l>\ (he Cu.ist and (leoiletie Survey, Is: l.;ilitM>|i' . l.iillSillUilr I l|. Ill IMIII- .■.7 r.*' iimlli. 'ji; 111 \M'-.i. ii-t"' W.I. riie iiiai;iietie \aiiation in .l.iniiary, l.s.S.'i, «as III Id' east, with a veailv increase of (•', I'liiiii llie l,i;:ht the lieaiin^s and tlistanees to adjannt olijeeis are as follows: I'lMlll I'l'liult' Wliiill'al I'liinl S:iii l,iiii'iiti'i . . Nmllnvi'-l piiliM III' |,'i i| li'iiik '«4 i:. a iiillfii. .■^ il \v. s. 1-1 i;. \\ I MiiiM iilyr III' ( .iMiiii li'iii ks s. :i(; !■; .Nnllll 111 f .'SiillllialiMilnli Sllnal . .. s. i,iii.in\ I'liiiil ami I'miit llliiiil , mi .Vii;(i'l liliinil . Tlir Mslirs, nil I'l lilt .S.ili I'lilni i: •.'I 1. 'ii iiiili'N, 'J III ill's. '.' lllili'M, :i| 'Hilrs. Ill mil .i; llllll-H. K.AST mtoriif.i! I'dii wiii.sTi.r, 1 ; null's, II t ,> .\ ' live inch steam fo;,'-whistle has been plaeed in a white liiiildin;,' on the eastern edne of till' i-!rt titt.\ vaids fiom the I,i;.'lil house. Mlll'iny^ tliiik and loyi,'\ Weatlnl, lli'^ht or dav. il ;;ives iiUirii'il' liUisIs o'i iiijlil Miiiiiil.s and of /(>»»■ mihhiIs, \\\[\i nilrrrnl.s ot t imiliifnur sunnils. I'lilil raised at the lie<;iiiiiiii<: of a iii'j. or it the lo<; si;:iial a|ip.ii'atiis is disaliled, a lii-ll is • tr.llli I 111 lie >!lili I hand at intervals of alioiit tifleeii seeondN. fCtlNl IM'.NOH; HI ()V. rniiit I'eiiole lies four ami (Uiethiid miles north thiit.v and a half de;;ree.s east (N..'t(>._P V..) friiiii ihi' l-'.ast riinllHl Lighthouse. It is a iiindeiatelv lii;^li roel,\ liliilV. |irii|eeliii;; well into the Im\. uiili e\t< iisi\e llats l.\iii^' northeast and southwest nl it. The t liiied'atlioin line lies alioiit liili'i' I i^hlhs III' a mile oil the |ioint, and the deepest water in the ciiiiiiiiel iiurtliwi'si lioiii the |ii>iii!. lui'iiiy nine feel, is at a distanee of one and oiieeij^hth miles from it. It must lie iel't on tiu^ .'•Lull" ihi ii;uid III ;;oiii}; to Mare Island. I" 111, ike the eil^e of till- ll.its olV this point a xmiiiil iliiss nun liiinii painted nd and niimltered I III- I'lii pl.ieed ill I wviitx three feet of water half a mile noithwest li\ iioitli iNW. Iiy N.) lioiii lllC |iii|lll. Fmiii this liiiov the followini^ lieaiini's and distanees are y-iveii: Mari' I.'^lallll l.i;;lit Iiihini' I'.lM.ll' I'l.llll , liast Iti'iitlicr l.i^lit-luiiiHf I'l^ imlivs. A iiillo. .. S\V. liy .s. J .<, 4i iiiilcs. , liy N. /■ ' liiioy .V pxtrcnic soiitlicasti'm pail di Mart' Island. It is on llif lowii- jiart of the slope, and is projw.tfd against tlio dark liills wliirh risi" altout two Imndrcd and twenty-live tfot above it to the northwest ward. The structure is a small, sipiaic tower rising; iVoni a white dwellin};. The dome of the lanlcin is painted blacU. The illiiinination is of the fonrth order of tlie system of Fresnel. and the li^lii was tirst exhiliitcd in 1S7.'!. It shows a./i'.m/ irliilr lliihl from sunset to sunrise. The hci;;ht ofili,' focal plane is seventy-six feet above the level of the bay, and in clear weather it can be seen at ,i distance of font teen miles. The arc of visdiility is from northeast rouiul by ea.st and soiilh lo west by south (from NK. to W. by S.). The j.vo}:iaphical position of tlie Lijiht, as determined by the Coast and (leodetie Survey, is: I.alilii.lc :*■' I" 1'-' "">l;iik ■ilnpul Itiaicm in'twii'ii Man' l>luml Stiail ami Kar- c|iiims Strait K- i S. } mile. Ili'iiiiia FiTfj Siiji S. c-l K. IJ iiiilcH, Tliis line laniiriilM till' mirth slmri- of l\ari|iiiiirn Strait at H niilivs. Anil till' Miiitli Nlmrc .mi>\ Imilt nvrr) nl' Kaninim's Strait at ■,'s aic j;iven: Maf;a/iiir Wliarf, 1111 wi'st Hiili- of riilraiicc til Man' l^laml strait N\V. J N. J iiiili'. Mail' Itlaml l.ii;lit-liiiii.M' AV. } .\. .J mile. Ninili sliiiri' K a Ml 111 m> Strait K. J S. ij iiiili-. I'lrrj- Slip. -.mill >liiiri' 111' Kaninim- Strait SSK. ^ iiiilr. The Coast Survey chart to 1S77 {jives the latest information about the depth of water, etc in tlio channel of Marc Island Strait. COMMISSION ROCK RKACoN. (^)nlmission Hock is bare at low watei and lies in mid chaniu'l of Mare Island Strait liin'i' ipiarters of a mile from .Matia/.ine Wharf, and nearly half-way between it and the N.i\\ v ml dock. There is {.'oiid water on the western or Navy yard siileof it, where tlireo ami a hall lallii'Mi- may be carried. The channel mi the easicrn side appciirs to be siioitlin^;, iind there is a Imi;^ I nl to the lock strctcliiny; to the east southeast. Within the three lath oin curve the leujitii uliiii' shoal is line ipi.trter of a mile in a ^'eiieial east scuitheast direction, with a width of one IhiimIi' 'I ami ei;;hty \ aids across at the beacon. Tin; rock itself is marked by a beacon, anil the wcsliia ed}:e of tlie shoal by ii bin>y. The liniiiiii is a liiiiif and (iitis])iciii>iis iiiHiiilfr of boiler iron, Hiinnounftil liji " sjiiiull' unl rijhi-tiir. It is painted with nd (tml irhitr li(iri:i>nt(il xlripis ; but caroiimst be taken mil In p.i-s between il and the bimy. I'roin the beacmi the folIowinfT are lUe beariiifrs and di.stanees to adjacent objects: Mannziiii' Wliarl' S. If K. } iiiili'. Niirlli rml 111' Kailrii.iil Wliarf H. Ci\° K. j iiiili'. Si'ctiiiiial li.M U nil N.ivvjaril N. (IT W. J inilii. Niirlli Vallrpi Wharf NW. 8'W. J iiiilo. i^*^ a >,i PACiKic coAsr I'li.or. 241 COMMISSION UOCK BL'OV. \l)oi!t fifty yards soiitliwost from tin- (.'oininissioii Rock Mciicoii nsrrnnfl-rlass wi-stcni ('(!;;<' of llic shoal smroiiiiiling il k. It is to be kept oil tlio Ntarl)oar I'liiiil S. I',' H. 'j niilcv N.irlli cii.l of Kailriiiiil Wliiirf S. cr. K. J mile. S.rtiniiiil l)<>rk iilV Marr lsl;iiicl \av\ Viird S.Cl W. i mill', I ides III Miiir [sliniil \iirii ijnril. — Thetiincsof the hij^h tides average abnni an hmirMiid twenty Miiiiiilc-< l^ter titan at North lleacli, San P'rancisco; and those of the low tides iieurlv an hciiii' and li)ii\ iiiiniiles later. Tiiolilain tlie times and heij;lit« of \\w tides for any re(|iiired date, liist obtain rnmi the tide tiililr-- nf I lu' < 'oast and (ieodetic Siii\ey (he times and heij;htsiit the same tides at San I'raiicisco, ilii'ii III llie time ol \\\)i\\ water .idd one lionr and nineteen minutes. ;:iid lor the hei^dit add one and !Mi initlis feet ; to the time of low water atbl one hour and tliirtyei;:lil minnles. and lor the hei;tht iijil niic' tenth of a foot. SAM IMi DIIIKCTIONS FOR TIIK NOIiTnKIJN TART Ol' SAN rKANTISCd HAY. \M) SAN P A lil.O HAY. I rniii tin' anclioraj,'e in front of the city of San '.■'raneisco when bound to I'etainnia ( 'reek, \i Ml inland Stiait, or liin.\' in a mile ;iiii| .i>,nai'ter; a mile to tlie eastward of .Mcaira/ l.sland in two miles: and aiiont half a mile or lisstii llii' eastward (d' Aiii;el l>laiid in '.Iiu'c and a halt' miles. ()r. if tlie «eallier is clear, the riii^e 111' llie western ed;;eofKj'd h'lU'k on the eastern cdfjetd' Point San I'edio i the noithui'st jiuint I'liiilr.iiiee to San Pablo P>ay ) may be run from the immediate « iili K'ed III. (I,, I'lic course of this r.iiio,. is north twenty nine de;;iees west ( N. '-Ml W .\, and it passes just iiiilic eastward <>f IMossoiii ]!ock I'.noy and up mid-channel between Soiitliaiiiptfni Shoal and tlie ieasl of the bnoy markin;; this end the course shoiilil be cliaiii^ed to the westward so as ■iiM-s Keil pock one-ipiaiter ma i kin j;' the Inv incible I.oek. and a III tie liiitlHT on the Whit- z 1 'I k I'.iioy and the red bnoy miiikiii}; the lil'tet n feet loek olVtlie Mast I'.rother. I'liese aids " ii n i^ation are close together and can lie readily made out w hen a vessel is abreast of Ped Pock. ^•'•'■\ ^1 as to leave them about one (piaiter of a mile to slarbuaid. When the last of these buoys, III' II 'Ibiioy maikiii;,Mhe lil'tceii t'eet rock, is nearly abeam and distant about onc-ipiarter of a ii'i'. mil Point Sail Pablo is well opened to the northward of the Hast P.rotlier I.|i;lil, chan.;:'!' the '"ii>i' lonorlh-iiortlieast {NNl',.i for fair and three tpiarlers miles. This course will pass the i'"iiit San Pablo Piii..y (red) half a mile to starboard, and •■ the Sisters," two bare roeks lyiii;;olf I'l'iiit San Pedro, till (|iiarteis of a mile to port. If the ciiiieiil be llnod. it will run directly 'iii'iii;:!i on this course on the second and third (piarieis w ith a \ elocit \ of (Mic to one and one i'li'ii knots. If It be ebb, the ciiiicnt will >et to the south smilheast on the lirst and second riiiiii- at the rate of two to t wo and a half knots ; on the last ipiaitcr of the ebb the ciirient sets "iilli l'> east, over the rocks, with a viocity of one and thrcc-tpiarters knots. \\ lien this north iiortneast (NNM ) course has been maintained for four and threc-ipiarti'is iiiili-N liie vcs.sel will lie abreast of Point Peiiole. beariiif; southeast by east ^SK. by !•:.), distant "III' ami one ei;.ditli miles. Point Peiiole Ibioy bearinjr east by south half south (K. by S. AS.), Ii'^taiii two thirds of a mile, and .Mare Island l.iiihf-honse bearing; mntlieast three eighths east •^'••t '■■ -M this point chaiijje the course for Mare Island la^ht house and run live miles. •Calliil Miiliilr |v',ii>il l,v Iki'i-lii'V III l-.'O. 1,_|| !■ (. Hi s« f i^ m \ ' \iL I i ■ t 1 *. w > iv.., ■ 1 M 242 rACIKIC ('(lAST I'll.Ol. Wlicn mil' Mini a liall' inilt-s from tlic Inrniii;: puiiit on tliis ciiiirsc. tlir vessel will he in less ilian lour tallmnis of water and w ill conlirme so toi two anil a lialf miles fmllier, when the wa' t ii;;aiii deepens; hut if tile eomse is steered <'l(isel,\ , she will eioss this shoal streteli in the deepest walii and have not less than twenty two feet at the Coast Survey datum plane. After lunniny: live miles for .Mare Island l.i^lil hou>e the Kaii|iiiiies Strait opens to the ea>i ni>i'theasl, and the town of I'.enieia liej;ins to open to the mn tliward of the south shore of tin strait. If hound for Port ("osta oraiiy of the lo.ulin;; |>laees in or liivond K.inpihies Sliait. <'liaiii;< the eonrse to east l)y north half north (I"., hy N. \ N.! and conlinue up thiouuli the middle nf ||„- strait to plai'e ot' destination. If liound u|itoSui>un r.a\ and hi'vond, see '• Aids to .\'avii:atinii and .Sailing; l>ireetions" further on. pa;;es 'Jl'l -J 1(1. Ihit if hound ii|i Maie Island Strait, n half a mile east of the Sisteisdil Toint San I'edro. is north li\ west one ipiaitcr west (N. li\ W . ' W.) and the distance live nnli n ; lint as nodeepwater vessels load or di-chaii;e there, no sailiiii; directions will he ;;i\( n in ilii^ The liuov list, issued everv \i the l.i-hl I'.iiiiid and turni>hed free ot cliaiL:rii my ship master upon apiilication at the ollice ot t he Inspccinr of llie Twclllh I.iijht In use I hstmt It San l-'rancis<'o. .i:i\ cs a ilesci ipt ion ot' all the .1 ids to iiav iyation and condcns ailin.i; diici'lniiis for lhi< and all the miiiipr cieeks and sloii^'hs empt \ iii^' i iito San I'raiicisco I '.ay and its siihdi\ i^inii.- KAK' INKS sit; M r.t There is a lai;;e dc|itli ot' water thrcm^^li this strait. avei:ij;iny; ahoiit tifteeii fathoms. c\r(|ii in the eastern part, where the strait widens out and the soniidin.:;s decrease to ei^lit an I h n fathoms. The only shoal in the sirait is a 111 ice fathom patch which stretches for hall a inili siiiitliea>tw.iidl\ from the "icat l'cii\>li|i at Uci llcm loUiiids the e:i.>lein |ia It ot .^'artl this liioail jiai I of the strait the deep water ch. 11 11 11 i is towards ihc southein shore. I or a \ cssel I Mil I ml tliroiiuh K a uplines Si rait the mid channel coiiise will carr.\ ten to niiicici n fatlionis. with hi;:h liills on each side and hold water close to the sliore.s. Tile wi'stcin pai 1 ol ilie strait averages Imlf a mile in width. The general coiiises liiroiiyh it aic: from ahieast the IiI.h k and red Iichuu on the north side of the en I ranee. Ilist east li:ilt' north ( I".. .', N.) for two miles; tia 11 soiithcu • I hv ea>t (Si;, l.v i;.) for t woand a half miles to ahieast of .Marline/; and tlicnee 1:^ ilh irriat irraiii uarehoiises and do(d;s, feri\ slips, eie. east hy east (>.'i;. by ll.) into Siiismi lia.\. The south shore is lar>;cl,\ built up \ and about three liiimlred and lil't\ wheat ships annnall.N lo.id in this vicinity. SUISUN UAY. Riii>iiii I'.ay opens to the iioitheastwaril of Kanpiincs Sirait. It is a lar;:e area of coiiip 11 1 tively shoal water, with many llats. iiiaisli islands, and low marshy slioics. The main clianne in the Saiianiciito and ."san .loaipiin i;i\eis keeps clo.>e alon;; the sonlhein slitac of ihis ba\ . 1 i > distance beiii^fniiiieeii miles fioiii Kanpiincs Strait. The eastern inouili of this strait isliiiee (piarters nf a mile w ide between .Vrmy I '1 a lit t on the northwest and r.iiU's Mead I'oiiiti (or Sir-nii I'oiiitiim the southeast, r.oth points are bold ami loekyaml moderately hieh. Tlic>d.|'l •' m m ' An iilcl S|i:oiUli iliait r;ills llic iiilijiici' tci lliis >lri;iiii llir I'^dcni i\r las Ntcl'criji' I An olcl .S|i.iiii-.li ( liarl rails Ilic wiilcsl |iiirl nl' llii- sli.iil llie llav (if Asmimi.|iI inn, I Callcil .Navy I'oini liy Ihiiuijolil in l-.Mi. H'ailiil I'liiiit llcililaM liy liinj;(,Mil(l in l-riii. ■liwflnBi I'ACirif COAST I'lLO"; Willi I t.itwcoii tlu'iii is t'l'tflit to twclvt' rallioins (|iiitc closo In citluT point. Tiir hiiy i)|i('ii.s lil'oail t.iilh iMiitlifast, Willi a \nf inns generally east-northeast, wiiii moderately low, hilly jioints, liordered and l.iii. (1 li\ marshy la nds liii|iorlaiit chancres are reported in some of tlu' ehannels tliiouj;li Snisiin l!ay, lint the follow- ,i(-.(riptions of the aids to navi^alioii and sailiii}; diiiH'tions are rminded on the latest authority, riccfdiii}; these aids we mention the tiiirs (t, Arniji /'«/«/, at the eiitianie to the bay. The if the hijih ami low tides average aliont two hums later- than at North Uracil, San I'ran- ,1X11. Tnolilain the times ami heij;lils of the tides for any reipiiinl date, tiist ohtain from the I'lic i.i'ili's ot the Coast ami (ieodelie Siiivey the lines and hei;;lils of the same tides at San I'liiiK i«ni, then lo llie lime of the lii;:li water add two hours and live minnles, and lo llie hei;;lil .iilil uiic and two inillis; to the time of the low water add two hours and twenty Iwu minutes, and llllir- hn-li I will lie the same as i;iven in the laMe. AIDS Til Till; N WKIATIiiN (»l- SflSlN I!.\V. A tidril fliiss tiiin liiiinj. irilli nil iiinl lihtik liiirhmitol slrijn x, has been plaeed in nineteen fee! r miiddv liottoni at the soiittieaslei'ii tail of the lirst shoal made in eiilei'iii<; Siiisnn Uav if \( ,ili r (i\ I liiiiii K 111 i|iii lies St rail.* .Vrmy I'oint lies one and three east (N. 7")^ I"..). Point I-alith is the lirst low and marshy point on the hay shore to the l'l|--IU.I|l I he elianiiel for the Saeramento and San .loaipiin IJiveis is here one i hird of a mile wide, and liii.-- 'iiioy iiiiisi lie led on the port side when j^oinj; up towards the Saciamiiilo K'lvcr. It is also ilic tiiniiMi^ lino\ for Suisnii Creek and Monte/.iima Creek, and ninsi lie left on the stai lioa' d hand li\ \(»i-|s liiiiind northward for either of the latter creeks. Siii\ini ('nil;. — \ Ihinliliis.t sjiur hnuii, with nil and lihirl. Imrizdiiliil strijiis. has lieeii placed in iiiiii' Icet of water over soft liollom on the tail end of the slioai tiiakiir:: (nit fimii the limad side of .liiiri'.> Island which lies lielween Suisnii Creek on the west w aid and Monte/iima Creek on the i;i.>tu;iiil. It must lie left on the slarlioard hand liy vessels ;;oiii}i iiitoSiiisiin Creek, and on the |i"il li. mil liy vessels fioinj;' into Monle/iinia Creek. It lies live and one-lliird iiiiiis ficim Army I'liiiit liijliiwin^' the hay shoreline on the west. I'ollowiiii; the wesii-i n shore t . Army Point at ilirili^iaiiit' of half a mile, the depth of water will he eiuhteeii feet to within ti\ e eiuliths of a mile if llii.s liiiiiy. Sih finiii'ittii (liilinirl, lUloij AH. I. — .\ l:rxt-iliiss spitr hnnji iiiiiiihil lilm I, and niiinhrnil J. has lieeii |i|.ii'iil III iiiiieteeii feel of water oxer hard, sandy liotiom \ei\ iicir Puiiit I'.dith. 'llie eliaiiiiel is lu'ic Miy tiaiiow, and the liiioy must he left on the port haul in jioini; up the lia.v. I'liiiit I'.dith lies oiieiiiiailer of a mile south fcrlN fiNe ile;:iees west (.'<. |."> W.) fioniit; the Miiitli 1 11 11 111 of Seal Island on llie north side of the channel live ci;.; hi lis of a mile noilli eiulity eij;lit ili';;iii-> cast (N. .'^S V,.)\ and the west end of I toe Island on the north side of the el la line I one and iiii>'i|iiaiter miles north twt'iity sevt'ii devices east (N. L'T I'..), 'llie highest jiait of \\\\ I's Head i'niiil i> jiist over tliee.\treniil\ of I'oint I'alilli. ."^'i iinni nil) VliitHuil, lluuji So. W. — A jUsI tliixs simr himii ikiIiiIi il hhiil, and iiiniiln ml 1 5. has been ;l»iil 111 twenty feet of water over soft, sticky liottom aliieast the noi llicasi part of Seal Island. 'i iiiii>t he left on the port hand in K^inji I'l' 'lie hay. The .soul hwesl end of Seal Island on the ■"lull Mill' III' i||(. chiinnel lies half a mile sont h nine dejiices east (S. !) l\.) from il : the northeast ' ml I't ."^cal Island a little o\er a ipiailer ol a milc-Minth .^e\ eiiiy ei;;lit iIcliiccs east iS. T.s' l"..);aiid lit- «.■>! end of Ijoe Island on the noilli side ol the channel a little over half a mile iioitli seven 1 are in raiij;e with the lii;;liesl part of linll's 'l'';;ivcs east (N. 1^ Iv). Jinny No. 1 and Point lalill 111. Ill rmiil. /.■■I Ifliiiiil, Ituoy yo. \. — \ Jir.stcliiss simr hiioii. jtiiintnl ml and niimlnnil -|, has been plaeed "1 Ixvi ni\.iiiie feel over hard, sandy bottom, almost midwa.N bi-lueeii the middle of lloe Isiand on lliiimnli and the low, marshy .shore of the bay on the south. It must be letl on the starboard ii'lllii »!ieu piiiij;- up the bay. I 111-, wiih imiiii'il Ihv " Lower Miilclli- CkhiihI " liv l!iii,u\niilit In l-.'iH, iiml tlir ii '.iiir mi ■f I W' ;lil vM-ll 111- ri'tuiiii'il. PAfllK' COAST ril.dT. 245 r.iiii'on Xo.W, Sun Jiuniiiin h'Inr Miihlhdroinnl. — TIm* rivt-r at its iimiitli, iM'twccii tlic low, iM.ii li\ liaiiks, is hall a inilf wide, ami ('\|iaiiils slij;lillv for a iiiiit- iiisiilc. An cxlciisiv*- iiiidtlUt .;i(Mihil has bcoii riti'inc'd Just inside the entrance, lia\ in;; as little as tliiie feet ol watei npon it. I'lir ' .nn eliannel runs on tiie eastern siile of this mitldle ^'lound nndei the eastern shore. To mill, ;he iiiuthwest tail of this middle ;.;round a ///7c Ixanm rrm. mill II nil II liii.i, jtiiiiilnl ml ami uii'i-iil 10, hasi)»'en placed in four feet of water. It nia.v he passed on either hand li\ ;;ivin^ it : I berth. I'l'din this hciicon the wharf at ('ollinsx ille lies iieail;,' three ipiailirs of a iiiiie north nineteen ;;iii>s west (N. lit"" \N'.), and that line jiassesoxcr the middle of Ciiaiti Kh't ; I he noi t liwe.st point III.' entrance to the i iver ( llnchels !- west (S. . ")!.'"' W.) ; the lied Unoy on t he tail of 'riin;;ue Shoal hall a mile Mdilh se\i'nt>- nine ileurees wes t {S. T'.t > \V.) ; I'.eacon No. .S, | iree oiiartcis of a liiile son It h -I \t \ live dem ees west. iS.ii'> \V-); iiiid the northeast point of the ri\er entrance iSliermaii isl.indj half a mile math lUI'Ili \ iwi) de^trces east (N. L'l.'^ !•'. V.iii Sii iiiiujnc Slioiil HiiDif. — ■roii;;ue Shoal lii s lietweeii the months of the San •loa<|Min and Saeia- in Kivcis, and forms a luil one mile hm;;, siictehiii^ out lioin iIm' wotcrn end of Sliriinan ■ 1. The main channel ot' the Sacramento sweeps west w .i id iiieh i the niiin slnne to the nm th, ^lollte/lllml Island and Colli iisv ille, and then tin lis smilhw i id e!o>c under the ea.>t shore of tics Island. .\t this tiirii, the <'liaiinel is \ er\ iiariou . ami thciail end of Ton;;iie Shoal to the islaml. To mark the entrance to tlii> narrow channel llici e lias liei en placed oil llieciid of llie shoal, ill twenty feet of water, iiy/rv/ < /(/x\ v/mc Innni imiiilt il rnl. Ii lies less than two liiiiidred \ards from the maish\ lii'le ol I lie l>l.im 1. I' rom It tiie w liarf at ('ellnis\ ille lies nearly one mile mnth thirty two denii'cs east i.N. ."«_ \'..); the northwest point cif llie iiioiilh of San .loaipiin IJi\ er (liiickels l>lami I half a mile south ci;:ht\ li\c de;;rees east S, S'. I",.''; lieacon No. S one i|iiarter of a mile Mllltll SI \t.\ four dc.irrecs east (S.tJPi;.); and hiMioii No. HI threetpiarters of a mile north se\ent.\ nine deeiecs c.isi (N. TIP !•; ."^AILIMi llll!i;( TloNS I'dl! .^1 ISI N l!\V, I ,^ 'flii'so mm t lie taken in conin'clion w ilh the lalesi edition of the Coast Survey ehart of Snisnii . uitli the undersiamlin;; that the liiioys and licaciuis are ehanijed hy the I,i;;ht lioii.-.e lioard 111 i\\ I- I lie atest line of the West eliaiiiirl. I Mini the miihlle of the eastcin eiitiance to Kanpiincs Strait, liciweeii Aimy I'oint and liiiU's 111 111 I'liiiit, steer iiori hcast one thud east ( N I'.. .', \'.. ; for one and li\ e-ei-hi lis iiiiles. c.irr.v in;; from M'\i'ii 111 three and a half fathoms ot' water, to the liistelass spailnios wiih leil and Mack hori- /(jiii.il siiipcs which marks thi' southeastern e\lreiiiity of the Lower Miihlle (iroiiml. Keep just tn the Mint h ward of this liiioy, and w hen up to it chaiiue the course to east iioi t hcast 1 11 N V..) for three fiuhtlis miles, eari\iiii tl nee and lliiceoi laiteis to ti\e tathoms of water, to M iil> .'^par liiioy .No. 1, w liieh lies on the north side of the channel and one third of a mile iiortli- r.ist iimii roiiil I'alith. The eastern eiiliance to the ohl channel, l>et ween the low, marshy Seal M.n.'i .iiid the et|nally low and marshy south shore ot' the liay. has shoaled and almost closed up. ihiiilme from I'liioy No. I steer northeast one eighth east (Nil. .1, 1'..) for three iniarters of a mile III liliii l> Spar Inioy No. :'., e.ii lyini; liom three and a half fathoms to si\teeii feet ot' wati'r at low le. 1,1 a\e Ihioy No. .'1 on yi ir port hand and chaiiee course to iiori hcast hy east half cast (Nil. 1 '" ) tor led Spar linoy No. I, distant se\-cii ci;;litlis of a mile, eair.\ inn' from three and three- i|'i,irii:s !oei;;hl tat horns ot' water. With this laioy on \ our slarlioaid. eontiniie jiast it alioiit one- liini of a mile, then chanef the eoiirse loeast 'iil.\ half a mile distant. The eliannel iil''ii'. with from four to .seven fathoms of water between th IS ill I'liiii' lit n 'Ml Ihel.i.^t position, west northwest of Stake I'oint ricaeon, steer I Iiioiilh iiiiil eliannel on a 1 ist half south (10. .\ S.) for one and tmequarter miles, earryiim' from live to ei;;lit fathoms liassmt; Simmons' I'oinl Itcacon on the port hand. When one eighth of a mile past 1^1 I. aiiil l^- ,^fj. Ms; yi t -If Siinnons' Point Pionrnii stoor onst sovoiit'islitlis iioitli (i;. ; N.) for oiu> and tliroc-tjnurtcrs mill •;. earning' fmni sovi'n to lonr anil kiic (iiiartcr fatlioins of wafci, nnlil nearly n|> wiili tlic t'asi lanil on tlio sdtitli shorp Just west (if ("ornwall Landing;. If IhhiihI ti> tlit' SacraniontK oi- San .liiai|uiii liiviMs, clianjri" tlif ('(inrsc to northeast one (inarler noil li (M:. \ N.) for one ami scmmi i'i;;liilis miles to iicacon No, S (ret! i, eariv init from six to ten faliioms ol water. Tlie deep water oi ihr main eliannel is under tlie iiortlnvest ; ith a jiassaue way of two h'indred yams and live I'atlioms of water. If lioaiid to the San .loaipiin IJiver, pass ISeaeon No. S on the stailioard hand, steeiinj; ihmiIj east by east i wo thuds east (Nl'.. liy I'.. -: K.) lor li\e ei;;lithsol a mile to jleaeon No. loured), pa>>iii^' it on starliiianl hand, and haul under the ea^hli- '■' ' In n leii;jlli. ami p ' 'I lese liuo\s lie M-v . ii;> H in this eiiek, ■' for winter pioii ' plyini,' lietween dali- r.\('iKic (iiAsr I'll, or. (jiakantim; stath'N, san iijancisio. 247 ('iiniiiiis.sioiu'rs a|)|ii>int«'il l.y tlic I'liitt'il Stales lia\<' n'|piiiii'il in iMMiiof In.'aiiiiLr Hm- ("nivcrn- iii,!it i|Maraiitint^ staliDri at llmsc Slimi ("nvc. i>ii llic iioilliwcst njiIi- kI' .\ii;.'rl l>laiiil. ii|iiiii the Mialli hiiltMil' liacctMiii Strait. NATKINAI, f.'IAKANIINK Kl'.dll.ATIONS. rin- Siii';;<'(iii(itMU'i'ai of the I'liitcil Stalt'S Marine llns|iilal Sciviic lias issiicil tlif Collowinf' I' _ I la I inns, \N 1 1 it'll must Im> *iI)s 'vvrd at all Natinnal i|uaranlini' si a I ions : I. When ii \<'ssi'l arrives al a Naliinial i|uai'antino slaliiin IVnni an inl'ii'ii'il juirl ami ri'iinires ili^inl'i'i'lii)ii, slif will lit' snli|i'<'t('i| ti> onlinar.v n as tti ii ihlcr litT tlan^ffcins t'luni a sanilai \' imint t>t' \ irw, and is IuiiihI to iim|iiii(. tli'ansin;^- ami ilisinlff- thill, li,i\ \\i'^ at aiiv tiiriini' tinif « ii liiii nin' Vf.ir lnfii Mihji'ciril in tiiilin.ii \ ilisinriitiun.sinli \fssi'l wvA III' i'i't|niii'tl tti iiiiilt'ij^t) <'\ 1 1^1 nil i nary tlisinlrt'linn, wliii'li. In ailililmn In the milinaiy iiieasni'es. Hill iiiiliitle hilly stnniiii;, st'ra|iin;,', tlie taUiiii; nnl nt' rniieii unml, a miihuI ilisiiitet'tinii, ami inle- lini' If aintinj,', all nt' wliieli will lie n'i|iiiit'il lulnre ui aiil inu' a tei I ilieale nl' Iree |iralii|nt'. THK DISCOVERY OK THK HAY OK SAN KKANCISCO. Neitlifi' ralii'illn nnr liis siit't'essnr saw tlie enasi in t lie \ iiiniiy nl I lie ( Init' nt" I lie I'aiallnnt's. I In !lie I "Jill tit' Nii\ t'liilier, l."i I'J, ( 'a I nil In t'lieniinteiril a j;rt'at sunt liuest sini ni till' < 'ariiiel lla\ ami lull In I III! Iiel'nlt' il, st't'iii;j lin la in I lieytiiiil ('alio tie Nie\ e (lieliiml I 'mill Ann Nne\ n) mil il lie was ell I'nilit nt" I'ilies, at r'nltljnss. He Inst si;;lit nt' liis tniisnl I . In ili il 1 lie eli.in ue nt' t itiiil at I'nint Arena, ami re|ini'leil the enast inniiiilaiiis enveieil with simw. He reinriieil smiihwaitl. ami, I'liiiiilin;; I'nint l>'e,\ e>. snn;;lit t'nr ain'liniajse ami |iintee| iuii in I lie •• ( liainl ( iulf" nmli r that Inad- !:iii.l : liiit thf weather was Itatl, ami, iinelinrinif in tmty live t'aihnm-^ tiT u iti r, he lunk iinssessinii tit' llie eniintiy ami ealletl this tirnatl l)i;;lit the J'>a.\ nt I'ines. lie ilnes imt ineiiiinii I'nint Ii'e.ves i'\i'i'|it as a tiirnin;^ (if the .shtifeliiie, imr the l'"arallnm's ; ami \i'r\ eerlainly ditl imt see the iiiiiaiietHti San I'laneiset) Uay. Ill I he twti .siiliset|neiit passages tit' I'tiit'lti, the snceessiir ut' Calirilln, he was driven oil the I si in this vieiiiily liy liatl v, father. 'I'lie hay was imt enleretl by Sir l'"raneis Drake who anelmreil iimler I'oiiit IJevt's in .Inne ami .Iiil\. l.".T!t. Tile r.ay ot San fraiieisen was imt kimwii In Ni/eaiim u Im eiileied l.a I'mi In ile San I'laii- riM'ii in .laiiiiaiy, liili.!, Inil this harlior was under I'nint K'e.M's wline ihe Sini Ainnisthii was sii|i|Mi-.eil 111 has e lieeii Inst in I'l'.fi at t he hailinr nt San I'raneisen. II uas lint kiinwii tn I >nii .liise ( 'alirera liiiemi (inn/ales, who |inlilislieil a t oast I'llnl nl' this ill.l>l III IT.il. A land tliseoM'iy nt the I'.ay was inaile in IT'i'.His (ias|iarde I'm lal i, < in\ ei nnr nl' ( 'alil'ni nia, wImi lett San IHi'un In estalilish a .lesiiil inissimi al Mniiliies. Allliniii;li they passed I'ninl I'iiios ;illi| tiaveietl aloli;; the shores ot Molite;e\ l!a>, llies t.iilid In ret'n;L;iii/.e \i/.ea inn's di^eiipl inii 111 a " laniniis ha i Imr, prnteeted Irmii all w imls," and emil iniied iini i liuaid as tar as Pillar I'nint. i'liiiii ilie iiionntains tn the iinith ami n\ ei Innkiiii; Halt Mnnii \\.\\ a leeniinnilei iii^ parly saw an iiiiiiieiise iiilaiitl sea. 'rhe,\ alsn saw I'ninl l.'es is and t he •• l'"arallnms al I he pm t nt' San I'raii- li^iii," and elitleaxtiretl tn leaeh I'ninl In-M'S, liiil were hindered li.\ atrial ai ni nl' | lie sea. w liieli w.is leally the (Inldeii par de I'm lala, I a (Invernnr, etc., riiiiiplaiiisitt the want otany iit>wsof the limliiij; nt the i;a.\ nISaii I'"i.im'iseii. whiih he deserilies ii> in l.ititiidt^ .'IS-' WW. III Aii;:i'.st. 177 I. Dull .liiaii I'ere/, in the .sVni/i'tK/n. upon his return sonthwanl iiiatle ihe North I'ai.illmies, whit'll lie tn the sonthwi'st ot I'oint Ileses. and live iea;;iies trniii the pni t otSan I'ran- ri^in. When the islets Wfre seen, at the ilistaiiee nt niie leaj;iie, •■ the emirse w.is ehan^'ed to Miiilhwest III tinier to lea\ e lliein to leeward, not know inj;- w hellier there was a ,u md |iassai;e lie- twri II iheiii ami the shore." Tliev atterwaids saw the Smitheast Faralloii, bill the \\eatlier was too lliii'k tn see the sho!'-. , I''al her .1 iinipein Sena's narrative.) i I » ijt' r\( iric coAsr i-ii.oT. On lilt' It'.tli dC Marcli. 177">, tlu' iiiiiillioat San Cmli's, uiMlcri'oiniiiaiiil of l»iiii Maiiiii) M.iii riiiiic, left Sail Ulas (in ciniiiiany wiili tin- Siiiifiai/o anil Sonorn) with omUts fur tlu> n'coiiiiai-is.un .■ dCtlH' iidit <>l' San I'lanrisi'i) tliar was scfii l>y I'ortala's oxpcililion. In .Innc, unilrr I'liiniiiaiiil i.| |)(in .Iiian dc Asala, w lu> liad .supfisftli'd MaMiii|nc, sIii' It It Mond'ifV ami t-nlfifil llif ;;ii'at inlaiiii si'ii llimii;:!! tin' . In the same year the sei'iind Spanish expedilittn lor liie exphnalioii td' the nurtlieni cuast fl ralitiiinia appri>ai'iieil the bar of San FiaiiciscD, anil the sflionner Siniiinu niider CDininaiiil ni lleeeta. lay nil' the ent ranee. On the ."tlli t»f Oettilier. at ."> p. in. — Arttr ii:i>Mii;; I'liiiit K'lyi'.s \vf ai rivid In I lie iiiiylilMiilni(icl nf wiim> isliiN,* « liiili in I In' i liiiit iirt> pliinil in ili, iniiiilli lit' 111!' San i'laiii'iv", (of wliirli reason we pa-'-ecl liei wfin tliein, );iiinn almi;; tin' lain) as ilose im |i>isnili|e i nicler to lakii iiliservalieiis (if tin' nioiitli <>!' .San I'lainisco, anil aetiiallv, afler sailing into t!ii> entraneo of oM s.,;, Kiaiii'iM 11, laiiie ill -i;;lit, at I'l |>. in., of the new |Miit, Init where no iliseaili.irUatlon was iiiaiK' on uccniint of Im in;; hliort'li.'iiiileil ami llie want of a laiioe. We n iii.iiiieil Ipeialiniil until the lllli ami lei'i ('.•r .Monleioy. Ill 111!' eiilianre to the lioil of San I'l-.ineiseo «e I'oiiinl soiiniliiins I'roni the raniHom.s from t wi'iily-ieven i . twelve tathoiiK In .■iaiiil .iinl mud. .\t mioii the latltinh' was ;',T i;i', This e\pi'dilii)n ilist'iiveii'il I'mdeua l!ay, ami lite niate nf the si'hiioni'f ailded ti> the i'\i>iiiu eoiit'iisiim 1)_\ et)iil'i)ittidiiio Ittiiletia Hay wiiii Sir Francis Drake's. llesa.Ns: Till- port of Sir I'l-aiieis Urake has lie rnmeoiislv ealleil .S in t'raiieiscn. ' ' " That of I'liiiieis PraKi' i-. i'r.inilseo is to till' MoiitheasI of I'oint, h'l yes, a Verv hliorl illHlance fioin tli. s to the siiiitli-soiithwi'st. ' The San i'l.iiieiseo port (»f lo-iluy (itetolu-i, lilt Keyi anil Is not ea.,ilv do l.i e.xpliiialitin of 177I>. l.'elni iiiiifj; from the iiorlh the F(iri,,ii,i Sf|)tiiiilnr anil anehnitil oil the l'i'esiilit» in ten falliniiis; the 1 aiiehored near l>y in lilteen fatiioins. They plaeed the lia^s iii d'eharts, ptililished in 17S!t, ojvesa "plan of I'ott San I'laneiseir" is .--iiioiilaily eiiiiiu'oiis tiiid without seale. Il ]d,ii('s I'liiita d. ml the tti'liil of tile eu.isl Ihetiee to the (iolilen (iate is laid duv 'i l-'aralloiies in thiilytim; falhoins, nitid. 1 17'.l.'antl 17'.l.!, and |::ivis a noml ;;eiieial map of the tiilianri . as tliiii tieeiipied liy Spanish troojis. ami lie was not jiei mil lid !.■ ol II tiid il s aiHiroaelii's. llie hay, ami the aslronoiner of his vessel ilelermitiei! the I. in I mil iml the lono;it tide .s'' ti'.t" ;;'.l».<; west, r.oth determinal inaliiiiis ,iti' hie siirvev w IS iiiaile hv t'apl. Fred. \V. II ill I lie /iVo is wntk to the. Strait id' Kati piim dward r>ilflier aseeiided llnr S;i iifk eari led II lesitrM'V ill) wn II lienlo with the liii,il> nl I in It' ri\ t'f It) eoniieel willi I'iiiiIhn '■• 1- oitil \'ietoiia. and plaees iiilatilmle .'i.S Id' 17" and n 17 .11 ,i I Kiieiia. This point is fiiniietl 1)\ the entilliieiiee of llir Ki" de Ml till' Saeranieiito Itiver ahotit twetitv miles ahove S.iitaiiieiili' \e his stall iiijr point was fordable, and tlietiee In ii.- siani'i' ahii 1','s one liiiiidtetl and lil'ty miles, ^'alionisal l.'ed Kliilfs. in lalilnde 10" 1(1'. ey charts fiirnisli all that ean lie desiied in ie;,'aril In I hi lnui I and atliaeent wateis tip to ami iiielmlin;.' the tnoiitlis nf t!: •ers. :M I'OINT KI'.VI'.S 'I'O TiiMAI.i:.S I'OINT, e litiil a liiiio; re.ii'h of liroail. while sand lietieh, haekeil liy s.ii- I one lliird east (N. :\ i'l.) diteelion liel ween nine ami leli tiiiN ~ northwest and elian^ics to a i;;h, preeipitotis, rocky enasl ii i.'iiiii' ii.'ur.illv' lleil 11 Islels of San l-'i Till' riil^ eXirellilty of I i|il II let' mi h'l'i iii;:li, wii riil;;v a lillle iiiiil lucky ell lliL' i :d;;i'. w li Tliiee ipi il;;llty I'eet it llil'ii' ratlioln >lli'lcli III' I'll; .111 a\ri.|oe ill I'lllVe Is less t e:iili liiree an the liMlfoorai .III' in If a hot I'l II \ Mill jrr, I'liai.iileiislic \ 1 sscis I'l illr Miliii'titlies liny ,iie siinll mil mill tliii I; tiiili' if the ell ilei'fiMscs friin 'Mils III si\ or .« live iiiijis soiit 'li'jilli liiiiii tlli luilfs til make !■* vi'i\ eli.irael .mil a Vessel III mill-, rii,. |-,)| -""II-. (See.v llii' inn ;li west. Till' j,'ei)y:r "f till' iMrcmil lllllHtl by till" ( ITH'l I'ACIKIC COAST ni.oT. 249 til I'lint Toinnlt's, wliicli boars iinitli vli-vfii iiiiil a liiilf (li';.'if«'M west (N. IIP W.), distant foiir- 'II J :iii;i iialiiiK their distance theret'roni. Two and a half miles tiortliward of ruiiit Ifeyes, the llritisli -hi lliiihliii!il<)nnhire wi'iit ashore in Aiuil, l.S8.">, w ith all sails set, in l'o^^^'v weather, and lu'camo ,1 i.ii il wri'ek. Sexeiiand a half miles above Point K'e.ves is the oiieiiiii;: to Alihdlt's l.dijooii i>v Mstero, the Miiiih point of which is low and saiidv, and the ninth point soon rises to one linndrcd ami I'ort.v lilt. The «'hanm'l is thirty yards wide at liij^li waler.and bare at low water. At the time of ilii' Hirvey a wreck lay otV the south jioint 'I'he wider ami lar;:er inin of tlie lagoon inns nearly iiiH mile sontheastwardly towards the head of the wcsleiii branch of the Ivstcmde Liinanlonr, .iihI I little more than that distance from it, The other aim runs msirly a mile and a half to tliu iheastward. AIdiij; this loiif; line of strai>j;lit shore from Point Ifeyes we have from a shore station w atclied ilif iiidy inshore current working to the northward; it soinelimcs extends sc\fral miles from >lioie. TOAIAI.KS I'UINT. Ilie ridjie forminj; Tomales Point and the western shore of Toinales Hay is the noithern I xiiiiiiity of the twenty li\t'niile mountain ridp' starting; Inn. i l>ii\liury I'oint. About four and ii|ii.iilcr miles staitlieastwardly from the point the iid^;e is six luindred and seveiitythiee lirl liiuii. with slifihtly lower jjround a few miles sonlh. It i-. where the sand dunes strike this iiil;:i' a lilllc further south that the coast chaii;;cs its charai'tii': thence to the point it has bold iiinl nicky cliUs with breakers about one third of a mile nil' the point, and en the proliin;;ation of ilie i;il;;c. which averajres less than three i|uarters of a mile in breadth t'li the lasf four miles. riiiec i|uarters of a mile belbre readiiu^ Tomales Point fnun the southward, a rocky islet, ii;:lil.v lect in hei;;lit, is seen within less than a <|uarterof a mile Iniin thecliiVs and within the iliiif liillinin line of soundin;;s. With this exeepiion there are no ontlxin;,' dan^'eis otV this >ni'trli of coast line, and no kelp, and the beach is ipiite sleep. The tw4Mit.\ fathom cur\'e lies at .III :iM'i:i>;'e distance cs ten fathoms about i;iili liiiee and a half miles to sc\-enl> f ithonis at lll'teen or sixteen miles oil slmre, licyond that till' li\ibii;:raphy is not completed. Ahui;; tiie coast in ten and twiiily I'atiioiiis the soiindiii;.'s lire iiM'i' a bottom of hard sand and clay ; and from thirty I'al hums out ward the bottom is priiici- {i:ill\ Mill ^leeii mild sometimes marked by line. };reen sand, mica, or broken shells, but the I'iiiii.irli'i istic is the ^M'eeii mud as the depth increases. N'isscis cominy; from t ho northwestward in \\>'^ii\ weather, and haulin<; in to make the land, an' sciiiiitiincs deceived by the soiindiiij:s and beliexe tlieiiiseh es siail h ot' Point I'eyes. Put if ilny.ne siiiith (d" Point Peycs the cliaraeler of the swell ehanues very perceptibly when they mil iMiii tliiily fathoms of water. If the lead is used there need be no hesiiuiion about the litr liiiK' it tlie chart is consulted, bocanso ten miles to the northward of Point Itexes the deiith iliiTiiMS I'loin sixty to thirty f.ithoms in eleven miles on an east I'onrse; froin sixty to tiiiity I'alh- iMii> 111 six or seven miles oil' I'oint Peyes ; and from sixty to thirty I'atiioiis in se\enteeii miles, liM' iiilis south of Point Keyes. .\ \essrl noil h of Point Peyes. rniiniiiLicasterly, will chaiifie her 'li'liili iiiiiii thirty to twenty fathoms in one inih'; soiilli of Point b'e.vcs she will have to run live iiiiirs III make the same eliaiiy:e. This sinlden chan.uc sn close in shore, iiori hwiiid of Point IJeves, ^vi'iv ili.iriu'teristic. The northwesterly swell rolls sipiarely on the bea<'h north ol Point Ifeyes, .iiiil ^1 M'ssel tindiii!.' herstdf in twonty fathoms ou;:lit to haul out without hesitation or anchor at "iiif. I'he rote of the surf on the beach can be heard at that distance if the wind is not too -Hull- (Sec sailiii^i directiims, pa^'es IMS, 21!t. U'L'tt (7 .vci/., for \essels bound to San I'lanciseo from till' iiniihwest, in fo;,';;y and thick weather.) f; V ;,'ei);fraphical jiosition of the tri-^onometrical station about one hundred yards southeast I'fllii' 1 Atreiiiity of the blulfat Tomales Point and about eij,dity feet above the sea was «leter- iiiiiRil liy the Coast Survey as follows: l-iitltiiilc :is ■ If l.V'.l imrlli. i-iiii;:iiiiili' l-jy'^ iV.i' :«r'.;! wist. III. iu tiinii s'' 11'" TiSMi. .■ 1 i t .jp "1 \t m 1 . :•• • M 2r)(> I'Ai MIC ((lAsr rii.or. Till' iii;i;;i)ctic viiri;ili"ii \mih HI ."ill' cii.st in I.S.s."i, and Ihr mmiIv ini'irast' is (l'..'i. Till' piiint rises to two hninlit'il IVi't t'lcvatitiii at one i|iiai'ti'i' ot' a mile to tin- soutliwiml I'l tLi.s station. I'ldin I'oint Toinalfs wc Iiavc tin- lollowinj,' lu'ariii;:^ ami tlisianics to inoniincnt olijcris: I '.mil til M « l.i;;lilli(iiiM. >. II ; i: l!.Mlr;;a il.ail I'.Mtit Airiia l.l^lll'l|c N.i W, IH mill's. M inlli'N. .V. Ill I Irs. This |iiiiiit was calli'il (Ileal r.. l.SjS. On llie j.uisi Coast Siii'MV eliails il IS called 'I'oliiales I'oint. TO!VIAI.i:S HAY. 'I'lie r.a\ of 'rninales exlelids t'lolli Toniales roilil .^iilllh lillv I Wn de;:iees ea>l (.'^. ."ij i;.;|.ii tliiileeii null's, w il II an aveia;;e \\iiltli of seven eji:lit lis uf .1 mile, and i>. iiin;;lil,\ N|ieakiii;:. |. ii. allel w itii I lie ^eiit lal eiiasi line. .Mil east of the |iiiiiii I lie liieadlh i> one and a ijiiailei' nnli s, imi in the dl>I.inee of one mile il i-. eonliaeled to olieiinai ter ul' a mile n ide al S.ilid I'nilil, w iinji i> a low. saiid.N |Miiiit riiniiin;; mhiiIi liuin the eastern .slmre. In III e a|ililiiaelies to I his lia.\ the three I'.it lioin line ol .Miiiiidiiii;s 1 Nlelids t w II liiiiiiln . .il, u ilh ,1 |i.ileli I'l lilt.N .vardsnl) llie |riiiiil liivs, lids the noil hwesi : and a I'oiii Ireii lei 1 >lii lie> li\e hundred \.iids ul) the |iiiiiit to the iiorlhuot Iin nuiih (NW.Im .N.i; lievond llii>. ijn- dejith im'iea>es to ten ti*l hiiins ill hall' a mile. < >iie 1 hird ol a mile in>ide the |iiiint i> till' li.ir III the eiitiaiiee lotlie li.iN.and aeioss it tor abonl three hiinilird .N.iids the de|iili Is \v\\ iii 1 m ,1 tiolliewhat eonlr.ieted ehannel still t'lll'tlier oli.striieted li.\ .'^aiid.v liilii|is of .six and se\eli liel. 'Hii.. ehaniiel lies lour liiindied sards iVoiii the eariteni liliitV of the |Miini, and two liltli.s ed to the lull foiee ol' the l|ii!lln\e.s| .>v\i ||, and w ith llie le.iNt >wi'll from se.iward il Ineaks aeioss I he w hole enlianee. One sei imiN dr.iw li.irlv to erii>.siii^ llii> li.il Is the lialiillly of a \ i'.--sel losiii;,' the nihil so soon as she i;ets iiiiilii I hi' lii n| Tomah's I 'ill lit, and linn di iltin;,' on the .sin la Is, w liieh eaviialt \ has fieoneiil ly lM|i|iein'd, l''i>r I wii or three miles the li.i\ is Miinew hat eontiaiied in width, Imi I las a narinu and in. erat('l\ diep ehannel elo.'-e iimli'i Ihewoiein .■shore, w here two inner li.irs, Willi oii!\ Im .nul .sixteen liet, lie found .it one and a half and loiir and a i| nail el miles li.>iii I he |>iiiiii. I' ' '1 . itiiiii the iiitiame, and in the middle of the lia\. mall islet loe.illv know 11 Island. The inner liar. ha\inj; sixteen feet oNcr it, lies half a mile south li.\ east h.ilf east S. !■ I h !•'.) Iron; thi.s islet. 'I'henee the ;;cneral depth of the water ineieases for nearly loiir imlrs. 'vl..! it .slioals to less than ei;;hleen leet and ;;radnall,\ decreases to the head. .\ Nessel ih.ii e.iii 1 i.i»- tlie li.ir ean 1:0 within two mil. s of the head of the lia,\ ai low water. The shores III Tomah'S ll.iy and the adjaeenl eoniitl.\ are now lliieUI\ sellled. and lu'li'ii 'In' llllllr 111 'Ills ed a lleel of .sin. ill sehooiiels and ;i -in, ill linildiii;,' of the narrow L:aii::e lailioad from ICii.sslan l>'l\er to San I''raiieisni, ihe t extensive ai'neiilinr.il and sioek lai.siiiii re''iiin ein|i|ii\ .steainer. Now the |irodiii'e mostly linds its wa.\ to San Iraneiseo li\ i.iil. The line of ilie .Viii;li I'aeilie Coast Kailroad skirts the eastern .shore of the bay, and ero.sses the n.oiilhs of iIh' air".Mis and esteros on tiestlewoi ks. 7V(/(.v nt 'rniiiiili's /.'((//.— ronipnle Ihetimes and lieirjils for Sa. 1 l''iaiieiseo for the ;;l\rM li.iv.nr take them I loin the pnlilishi d tide tables lor the I'aeilie Coast, and then i'uf the lime of lii;;li w il. r at Toniales li.iy subtract el;:ht niiniiles, anit for the lime of low water add nineteen miiiiil>s: lui- till' liei.u:lil of (he tide at lii;:li water, and alxi a' low water, .siilitiact four tenths ol' a I'imiI. The chart ot Tomales l!.iy, pnblislicd li.\ the I'.S. Coast .Ser\ e\ , ;;i\ es all the inforiii.iliiiii I II II can be deslieil for eiiteiiii;^ t he lia\. and its relation to the coast is well exhibiled on ilic ;;i'Mi imI chart. In I'S.'iL' the ship <'.(/()*•// inistiiok the entrance to this small ba.\ lor that of .San I'rancisi .1. .imI. after fiettilifl on the rocks outside of Toniales l;id;;e, was desel ted, lloated oil', dl illed ilil" I 'i'' I'l.N over the bar w ith llood tide, and, all sails .set, {.'loiinded on I he II a Is. and at the follow in u' In. h \^ iiri' tloated oil' afiain ; but no one beint; "" board she aj^ain dri'ted on the llat.s and lay insiih' m ^ nul I'oint for some years. In l''ebniar\, l.s.'iT, wlille we were on Tomales roint, the waters of the ba,\ elian^cd |o .1 iii''|i biownishpiirpl.' color, and the lisli died ill , such },'reat iiiiinber.s that the beaches and w.ii' 1 "'le covered w ith them. I'Acirir CHAM r'li.oT L'fil Tlii.s lia.v Nva.s laid i>- as lln- llio (iiamlr ilc San St'lia>tian. iMurn tlic i' lit it ix fli'sir tinit In* tliiaiKlit tli*' Imiatl Nlrai;;lit line ol' tin- liav lutwrcn lii;;li banks was a -1. ,il liviT. Tilt' lia.v was discovt'ii'il liy I'laiuiscn ib- la I'xMlt'jja y <,»iiailia on tin- ;iil nT ( (cImIiii, 177.">. wlim Im \\ as looking; for lilt' \'«i\ id' San I'ranrisni, Ilcsaxs llial Inwards (he simMira^t part nl l!i>dt'(ra I \ III' disi'tiM'ii'd tii<- nil in til nl' a lai;;)' livt'l' w liirli |nrsi'iilrd tlii' a|i|irarani'r of a I'ainniis liai lioi'. II. ai'tnalls filtered tlie bay beliexin;,' it In be San l''ianei>rii, and wailed ieeii;:iiiliiin of tlie I'i'e- 'I'liis liay was knnwii as I'liil .liian I'laiii'lsni bv the S|iaiiiaiils when Naiieinivei \ isited tlie , u>i ill 17!L'. Ill old Mexican ;:i'aiits it is called Tainali's and scnnei iiiies 'rciiii;i|i>t<. 'I'lie old ( 'aliliiniiaiiN II. .iiiably |ii'iiiil>lictl til tlie bay, because the 'r.iinal tribe nf Indians inh.ibited the eiiiinti\ licnee tn San I'l.iiiciseii l>ay. r.elcher erroiiciiiislN ilesi;;nates il as a part "I l'iuile;.'a l!a.\. The lliissians lia\e a chart nl' the eiiliance and name it the llav nt' (iicit riiide;:a. IMilliit de Mtifias calls il the Ilsteiii A iiiei'icann, w hich i>amitliei bi>d.\ nl w aler eiiiptyin),Mnti> r.niieya l!a> lie calls I'liint 'rnmales rmni iJndei^a. the liipii;;ra|ihy III' the entrance was executed b> the Cuast Siii\ey in IS."i;;. A map ut' the uiiiile bay was published ill ISitl and in ISC.'i, with editiiin> cmbiacin^ all aids tn iia\l;;atinii In l,s;s. The general chart ciiibiacin^' it was published in IsVi. llDDKil.V iir.Aii. I'll IS point lies imrtli t weiity t wn det;iees west ( N N \V.) ei;; lit ecu and niietliiiil miles I mm I'niiit Wi-MS l.i;;lit'linu>e, and t'nl'llis the nnrlheni pnint of rinile;:,i Cas, I'ccknliili;; 'rnmales I'niiit the siiiilliern. The treeless head istwn hiindled and InrtN I'eet hiiili. W nil steep, ineks clills nil I he MMith and west sides and a sli;;lill\ rnumlin.L: ;:i'assy summit. 'I'lie land cnntiniies nt' nearly the >.iiiii' liei};lit t'nroiieand three ipiaiteis miles linrlhwesl. \t hen it chan^^cs tn a brnail sand beach with lin\ cniinlry adiaeent, but lii}:li hills in the baiki^miiml Inwards the norlli. This |nw land iiimii: the shnie isa seiies nf sand diilies one hundred and |uciil.\ tect liiuli. and is cut in ridges {1 iimMi'I In the diieclinii nt' I he siiinmer w inds. 'I'hi lace nl l he miini ly t hence be;: ins tn chaii^^e limn Its iinil'ni inly treeless appearance In lulls that are |iailiall,\ cnveicil with pine I rei s. I >n accniint of tlie larj^'c Ia;;iinii l\iiiu inside l!nde;;a llcail.and llie n.iiiow and cnmparatiM'ly iii\v neck nnlthwaid n|' it I'nr twn miles, the held .snmetimes Inniirs lip laiuely w licli llie hi.Llhel land iii>ide is partially nb.sciiri'd with lia/e. Il has been riei|Uenil\ liilcl nut as a w ai inn;.' iini to mistake liode^a Head tor rniiit Ilexes, but Iheie exist s no reason. i ble ;:iciiiiid Inr raisiiiu .1 ipiestion nil this siibjeet, alllioM;,'li na\i;,Mtnis wlinhave lost or jcnpai di/itl \essels oiler as an excuse the :ii,ii similaritx of the coast and headlands In those near llic (mlden fathom liiu' only about one and a halt miles liorii the shore. The me the depth increases till l.ilhoiiis for each three miles lo a depth of se\eiit\ f illioms. Inside Ihe line of thirty fat hums iln lead shows hard sand and rocky botlnm. Outside that limit we find the snit ;;reen mud with ijiiiie ic;,'iilar bottom hence to the latilude nf I'nint Weyes. The ;;en;;ra|iliical position of the I'. S. Coast Survey .-tation on the lii;;liest part of the head, li.ili .1 mile from the .soiitlieriiino.st blulV, is; I.iUinictc ;;- i- ■:« iimili. LiiMiriiiiili- 1'.':i o;t i;i wcHt. Ill, in tiiiir sii |\>"i I.V.Il I lie iiiji;,'netie variation was lOo otc east in 1S,«<,"», with a present annual ineroa.so of lialf :i lliitiale of arc. liil ■i I ' r -! I ', If M '■; • 1>,,2 I'Aciric lOAM I'li.iir. Tin' lK>aiinj.'H iiml tlistaiii't'i* to luiimiiifiit olijcffs an' as (hIIown : I'ciiiil Ai.iia I.ikIiI hiiiiMii N. •'- \V. M iiiili'H. I'.iii Unw. I'oiht N ■'• \^' ''''i '"'l'"' TiHii.il.H Point >*■ ■<•' !■• h iiiil"<. IN. ill! KfV.H l.itrlilliiniiM' H, •,^' i; l-t inlli". SiMillii:i.| l'«iall"ti l.l>;lit I sr S. I'.i Iv lltlj iiiiI.-h. Olt r>iM|(';:a llcail a vessel slioiiltl lie a!ile to see the IIkIiI on I'oint Ke.ves in t'avoralile wealiii i |{oile;.M \ <,)iiatli'a ealleil lliis lieail tlie I'linta del CukIiiii i ITT.'m. The liii-siaiis ealleil this head the tattle Cape rxHle^'a, aiiti also Cape liiiiniaiistot', ati*! pl.u >. it ill latiliiile :;-> 17. s, loii;;iiiiile IJ'J .V.t'.tt. Thi> iiiiliaii name ««s I'm Tiii.va. BODEOA HAY frniii 'I'oniales Point to rioile;;a lleati the lieailli;; is iiollli lil'lv live tle-ilees west (N. .Vi \\ anil the tlislaiiee lour iiiiil two'thinls iiiiles. The aMia;:)' w nllli ol llie lai;:i' inilenlalion m \: , ma ill eoa>l line to tiie east want of the al>o\c line is mi l,\ one a in I two I hi til > miles, with the -I riinniii;; a tieailv parallel eoiiise. This is the l!a,\ ol' lloili';:,!, with the loii;^, >iiai;:lil, ami ii.im' ^ Toiiiales i'>.i,\ eiiteiiii;; il at llie mhiIIi ami the la;:ooii of l!oile;:a I'litl loiinerleil with il .it i!p tioi'th liehiliil r>iH|e};a lleail. The siiore ol' the lia.N is lioliletril l>\ nniliel'oiis ti>rk.> lii>ii|i' i; tliiee I'.illioiii line, ami is lii^'h, alinipt, ami loeKs. \\ ilhin less llian a mile itilaml it ii mi Ik - . Iiel;:lil III liM' hiimlieil anil niiirlN I'oni leet. 'I'he laml is enit i\ ateii ami 1 1 eeless. The slmif . imlellleil li> seNeial small ;;nlrhes ami the opeliin;:s lit two l.ir;;e i>teros. On |hi> shmi' ll. western swell rolls in eon.>tanll\, ami I'leiinentlv the llionllis ol the esleios aie eloseil li\ the sih' ami ;;i'avel east up. On the Itnssiaii ehatts the.v are lioth inaikeil elo.seil : on the Ciia>t .Siiivi ^ eliart the\ ate liolli ojieii. These I wo est el OS open ilirei'll\ on the lia,\ . eotnili^ riniii the interior liel Ween lii;;li, >Ii'i'|>. .1 eonliaileil lialil^s. The noithein one is tli.' /-.'.s/c/k i/W Aim t icdiin,' sitilaleil two ami a li.ill m north se\elil\ six ileyrees east (N. Ill II.) Iiolli the sollthil niiiosi laee of I'.oile^a lleail: 11m sollllu'in one is (he I'.sliin ilr A'lni .1 m^'M/h. I'olir miles miiiiIi ei;;ht v ile;;iees ea>l (S. n |'.)|iiiil the same point. Tlie I'oi iner is the lionnilai',\ line (near the eoiist) lielweeii .Marin ami Sm Coniilies. In the latter the liile water reaehes o\ei lil'teen miles inlaml, lint it is not imom' Hi I'l stone's throw aeross. 'J'lie names are iiileii'lian;:eil on the e^filier eilitiotis ol the Coast ,>^iim. eh. Ills. The roriner has a saml spil slielehin;; neat l,\ aeross t he month liom the iiorlli shIi. ■ I the latter has a liioail sand point niakiii;; out t'rom the inner south poiiil liallwaN aeioss ih. inoiitli. One ipiarler of a mile olV llie shore jiisl south of the lisiero .\inerieano lie Iwoioikson il' ^i (iveratlioiii line; and one ipiarlerof a mile oH t he shore jiist noi Ih of the ,Ksteio de San .\iit(iiii.i 1; lies a rock on the f'oni lalhoin line. The t;eneral depth of the walei in the lia.v is eij^lil to t»'ii tathoiiis over a liollom of hard s.iimI. with a depth of li\e la I hums not oxer half a mile IVom the el ills, lint on the line I let ween Tmiiii. ^ Toinl and lloile;;a Head the .soiiiiilin^s are irre;.'nlar, Iroin live and a hall' to Ihirleen lathoins <■■■ t roek,\ liottoiii: inside ol' this line the depths are nnH'orinl.v ten ;ii,d eleven I'alhoms. with loiii r .1 live l;itlioms elose in .shole; one mile onlside of this eelilei line the Iwetitv falhoiii iiiim i ■ nearly parallel with it, and iheiu'e tlie depths iiieiea.se .seaward, as already meiiliomd in :: deseription of l!iiile;,M Head. The amhor,i;;e nf |;ode;;a iJay is proleeteil on the north, west, and ea.st, and is open i.. i soillli sonlheast. The solll liwest iind west swell is parllv lirokeii liy the low, loeky islet, r.ii;. 1 x lUtiliiiii L'liiLt whiih lies on the piiiloii;;atioii of the ileail nearly one third of a mile e.isl souiIum • ^ (I'.Si;.) Innii the middle of the .southeast laee of r.ode^a Iliad, and is the olil\ ildiKjir 111 ■'. a|ipioaelies. This loeky patch is mueli broken npaiid lis lii;;liesl pait, nearer the Head, ii.sesi.i,' a few feet aliove the water; its ;ireate,st extent is one sixth ol n mile tliwest and soiillieasl. .I'.'l half that in width, rioin the main part of this rock, liroken uronnd with nine fi-et of water n| 1 extends one third of a mile to the southeast with a sudden dioppiiif,' into three and live latin. i;' and one patch of el;;liteen feet lies the same distance from the rock to the sontli liy east hill ■ (S. Iiy K. \ K.), with live and six filhoms close to it, and three and oneipiarter inside of il. i reef is deii.sely coveriil with kelp, and the liieakers nsnally indicate its position. ■Till' A\;ilrli;i l.'ivricni llir l.'ii.s.siiiii i harts: lli(. K'in San Ijjnarlo nf Ut; .MufruM. I 'I'lii' Imlian naiiic i«<)inniiya-|);i-i nii tin' l(iis.sian rliarLs. II. cl v.; Ilii' lilr ciu II. r '.H a ■ i> IIm iimI ill ^ iinl lll> III.' II .1 \^' '^ iijd !, H IV.' ^!' ht:| IIm' a-! 1-1 .m.SJkJi Hmlfga Buy. Sonoma Mountain. 3ii miles, 2,192 feet. Bodega Heail. '240 feet. N'.'JiV K.. 10 miles. Mount Helena, 4,M3 feet, 41. mi lea *•■■►...: "~^t.f^' 'srfl >'"■ ti.)^!Aw CT^-safc. --'^-4t*— aaa^f^ fc**^**^^^-— s Walalla Nfountain. :i.yi: rct»r. Moiitli of Walalla Kivor, NK.. 5 uiUgh. i If f IS^ pi ;l i %t u f m h ( 2 mm.i) t 'Liii'l '(3 'I ! ii WP- « , «• ^ii rACIh'lf COAST I'll.OT. 2h'.\ r.i'twccii I!()(l»';:ii I'dck and the IIcihI tluTo is a narniw four anil a lialf fatlioMi ]»a.s.saj,'(' (orn- ,i_hlli ol'a mile wiilf iM-lwccn llic llircc tatlioni rurvi-s) opcniiif,' dircctlv iipon IIh- anclmia;,'!'. In ciuiiin;;' t'lom tin- nortliwcsl in suuiiihm' lliis cliaiint'l is axailahic; i>nl in licatinji out il is tuo con II hicil to lie safe. Wiicn tiircclly bftwccn tlir Ilea.', and liii' Hock keep ilostT to tiic Head lliaii l |io>iiii.ii the neatest jiait of tlie Mead and the beach to the. inirtliwaid aic eipiidistant, si\- liiitlH ct' a mile tVoin the anehoiajie. 'I'lie bottom is liaid and composed of coarse sand and patches I'l'rliy, Small vessels may anchor in tiirce fathoms halfway between the above position and the lui It the month of the la;;oon, brin;;iii;; the southeast face of the lltad to beai' >oiilliwest three- i|ii iiicis south (SW. 'i' S.) ami the nearest part of the blulf oidy oneipiaitei' of a niile distant. Unrinj; the heavy northwest weather in summer we have counted sixteen vessels anchored in llii> li:i\ at oiM' tinu', ami as many as thirty to Ibity sidiooners ami several steamers have been i. ii M 111! u imlliound tlieie in one blow. When coniiii;; in to the southwaid of the I'.ode;;:! Hock III i.iiitiil not to brin;; the mouth of the l^stero .\mericaiMi to bear atiVihini; to the eastwaid of iiniiliiast by east half east (Nlv by !•',. \ I).) and run lh.it course until tlie eastern f.i f I'.odciiit, III. Ill licais northwest by west one ipiartcr west (NW. by W. [ W .) ; this w ill clear the tail of Ilic iii-l' about (Uie ej;;htli ol'a mile in six fathonis of water, 'riieiice the coiirsi' to the anclioiate is iiiTlliwest by north half north (NW. by N. .\ N ) and the dislaiu'c three (|iiarleis of a mile; lull --ailiiifj vessels will have to make a couple of tacks to reach it. Uiirin^ the winter season it is necessary io anchor well out to be reads to slip and run, as the SIM mum is veiy ccuitractcd and the s(Uithwcst swell heavy. Some \es,sels have liiblen out lic,i\y .-iiMllie.isters, but several have been lost. The l.'us.sian vessels, beiii;; yeneraliy well toiind in ^'iiMiml lacMe, could ride ode;;a Hock ami iccf alreadv described. l"o;;s are considered mine freipicnt in rio(le;;a Hay than under I'ojiit Heyes, as the low land iiIIhws the wind to draw very stron;;ly over the coast line. Hiiilii/ii I'lift. — One mile west of the Hstero iVmeiicaiioa low , narrow sand spit, one and ii half null s loni; ami covered with bushes behind lii;;livvaler line, stretches towards |!ode;;a lleailand itMiliis w it hill oiie hundred yards of il, w hen' a passa;;e exists lor the ebb and tlow of the waters n| ihi' i'\tensi\ (■ lagoon north ot' the sand sjiit. This la;;oiiadia in ITT.">. lie ]>laceil : HI i.ililndc .is !>' and anchoicd oil' it in six fathoms over iiiiiddv bottom, lie eiileied this inner '||> or poll, which he savs resembles a dock. 1 he ell. lit III I'.ode^a Hav published In IStil exhibits the character ot' the iiav ami shores; and '~ !' lalioii to the coast is seen in the new is.siie ot the ueneral chart. Iliiliilisiit llii(liii;i' dillerence between the est ab- ii-l.Miiit and the intervals of the a. in. and p. in. tides of the .same day is P' oli'" for hi;;li water ami " I'l tor low wall I. When the moon's declination i.s ^reati'st these (pianlilies become L"' .{(>'" t'or lii-'. nalei and (I'' I.s ■ I'm' low water. The mean rise and fall of the tide is llirei' and .seven tenths lici.of .spring lilies four and four teiitli.s leet,aiid of neap tides two and eight leutlis feet. The '^' H ' lii' SJM 254 I'ACIKK' COAsr I'll.OT. f, iivcrii;;^ ditViTt'iKM' in ln'ij;lit (iftlic :i. iii. iiml |i. in. tiilfs <>l lln' s:inii' il;i.\ is oiu* iinil one tciilli I'c . i for liiuli walt'is imd two iind one liall" I'l'ft Inr low walcis. \\ licii tlic innon'sdcclinalinn is^q■(•al(^l tlit'sc niiinlit'is liccoinc (ini> anil oni' iialf feci fur lii,L;li walcis ami llirci' ami ninctt 'itlis tfci ici low wati'is. Till' av»'i'a};i< (lin'»Mrm't> In hc'jilit (il'tln' iii;:ln'r liifili ami lower low tidt's ol" fin- n^i (la\ is livi' ami onc-lialt' H'ct. ami wlicn tin' moon's (Iccluialion is ijrcatcsl si\ ami I'onr trnllis oiit 1(1'' liT'" alter the moon's tiahMi . when the moon's deelinatiini is noi tli, and ahont two lioiirs lieloie the transit when the ileeli nation i- sontli. The lowest of the low waters occnrs alioni se\in lionrs after the hi;;hest hi^;h water. To tind the times and he'.'litsof the hi^;h and low waters for anv recinireil dale, first obtain (In saints for the preilieli'd tides of San Fraiieisco. and tinii MilMiacI d' iS' tor lii;;li water at liodeu.i. and snblraci (•'' L".' " for low water. The hei;.;lits are the sanie as tor San I'laiielseo. Till' lliiih(jii W'hiil ijiiit. — On account ol'llie <;eiicial de|iie>sion of the hills liehiml l!odei;a l'.,i\ and to the noithwanl some distance, as well as o\ erTomalcs Point and tlirmi):h Tomales l!a\.llic Slimmer winds Iroiii the west northwest draw ii lowaids the I'etaliinia Vallevwith ;;reat force. The trunks ol' the oak trees rise stiaiiilit foraliont ten lieLtheii liemi almost at riyht ani;leswiili (lilt a branch tor about ten or tifteeii feet laillier : and each terminates in a ilnnip of branches all tlra;;;;ed out b\ the almost constant action of the wiml. l'oi;s are found drawing' in sooner and more l'iei|Mentl.v than ii|Mni any other ]iart of the coast. The conntrv in the vieinitv was birineilv \erv ]n(>dncti\t' both in the valleys and upon ijii' lulls, which aveia^e about si\ hundred leel in eh'\ation. Ibit the soil has been oveieroppcd, ainl the Kl'''i'ler jiart is now used I'm pastm auc .\ tine trad of a;:i iciiltnral connlvv strelehes bdiliiil the coast hilN. eNli'iiiliii;; from I'elalnma Creek up tliroii';h the l,'ns.-.ian b'iver Valh'.v. In the po^iiioiiof liodeira It.iy, \'i/,caiiii»'s chart has a t;icat ri\ei named the IJio ( Jramie dc San Sebastian, but il ret'ers to Tomal- > l!a.\. r>ode;;a Ihiy was di.scovered by l>odei;a in ITT'i. and jilaied in latitude .'is ' IS' north. It «,!•■ partially examinecl by Mr. I'n;,'et under Naiicoinfi's direction in IT'.i-. In IS17 Kot/ebiie always refers toil as INnt l.'nmiantsotV, and on reetMil Knssian charts ii k called tlic I'la.N tif Coiint Itiiinianstof. Kot/dme eleailv indicates that the Itiissians iniemlcd I . obtain |io>session of this coiintrv , and we li.ive been a>siiied by eminent Ifiissian antlnn :t\ lli:i; this was the jiolicN of the li'nssian };o\i mors of Alaska np to 'he advent of the .Vini'l'icans. In ISIJ. bv permission of the Spanish ^;o\(rnor ol' < 'alifoinia. r.ode;;a I'.ay was occnpiid \\ the Itnssian .Vmerican ("oni|iany. w lio alieiwards refused to i:i\eir np, and retained posMssmn until ISII, They Capliiiii lt!i;.;riiiiMsti'r. ll is siiiiili.'ir tn I In' inirt iif 'I'l iiiiil:icl in ln-iii;; rnnMiiiinl i.iil.v elm iMi; llii' Miiiiiiirr. » li. m il'- Iinrtliwi'^l wiiiils Mow .'ildii;; till' cM^t ; .'il :iii\ oilirr si'a.sun il is ilaiiKi'i'iii'.. r..ilh lis inili'iitaliniis « illiiii ilu- 11..11!. Hi'Hl anil sniitlii'iisl liiaill.inils 1 lai;iiiiii 1 r,iiili-i;.a I'l.n anil TiiMnili's liav i an- sli.illniv ami riinlrartiil, ami lln ii'li'li- il I- nil I'^-ai \ 111 iiiirlini ill ilii' ip|M'ii i.i.iilsii Mil. Ill is;t!l, under I'lelcher's orders, Kelletl coinnielictid the survey of l!odei;a May ill the .scliiiiilii 1 Starlinij, and was soon alter Joined by the Siiljiliiir. H ;!(iil'5ii • ! I-'i;nM lailiDliA Ill'.M) N(i|;i IIW AUD. The coast line betwei'ii l'.ode;.M Head and the nnilhuest cape at I'ort K'os.s curves sbtrhliv in tl aslwaid of the Inn- joiiijn;,' the two places. Sand dunes. 1 each in-' one li 11 ml red to one Inn; drcd and forty feet in hciuhi, be;;iii one and a half miles finm the sonlhern point of I'.odejja lb 1 I and cMend two miles to the iiolthwaid to the month of a small slreain called Siilini>n ('nil.. I In- stream is almal one hundred and fifty yards u ide at the beach; the southern point is lou hmI samly and the mnili .side is rockv, and the land lie-iiis to use rapidly, ii'achin^ si\ or seven 1. n di-ed feet within a mile. The hif^h lulls, which had letri'aled liehiiid tlio Lajioiui of liodciTM ''"i'. now come close to the coast line, and at a mile inland reach one tlioii.sand feet «'levatioii. Twn :i:i'l thiee-ipiarters miles from Salmon Creek there is a very small Jiittin;,' clilV, sixty feel hi;:li, amiii which is a danjieioiis, rocky cove, known as l)ini.v tiulches and lioideied by inniimeraltle rocks, none oC wliit'li, however, extend liiyli ri line quarter of a mile from sliore. i;iissinn liirrr. — From Duiiean's Landiii^f tiie eoa.stline continues in a nearly strai;;hl line of hroken elitVs, cut l»y ;;ulehes from the hills, for three and twolhiiils miles to the moiilh of ,ui Wixer. which lies nine and a half miles north forty one de;:rees west (N, 1!^ W.) Irom Head. The shore is hoidered l>v rocks from twenty to one hundred and thirty feet hiuh. Oiii' iind one <|iiarter miles sou llieast from the river is a rock one handled vards in extent, one liiiiiilii'd and sex en feet lii^;h. and about oneqnaiter of a mile otV shore. It was known by llie i;ii>Ninns as (hill Uiiik. Hall a mile niuthwest of this lies another rock nearly t\\i<'e as larj^c. but niih I'iylity live feel liiuli. Ilal topiied, and four hundred yaids oil' shore. This mck is iitrforatcd, .inij i-- till' lar;;est Anlml inch on this part of the coast. The sharp point of idck\ ditl' between tlir-r locks is the (Vf/x Slurinnshii of the Kussiuii charts. In thice Inimlrcd ,\iirds this poiiit rises l();ilMrc peaked hill, three hundred and sexenty three leet lii^li, and h;is sli-litl,\ lower land ImIiiimI it heiii'e to the liver. Three (|uarteis of a mile westiiorthwest of it is a bare hill, four liiiiiilicd feet lii;:li, half a mile inside of CIkiiiiiiI /I'oc/,-. which lies less than half a mile south of the iiiciiilli of the rixei', and is a bold. Mat lopped islet, one liumlred and twenty ci;;hl leet lii;;li, and iwu hniiilrcd and lifty \aiils in extent, which is coniie<-led with the liliill shore h\ -.i icef of rocks, ilie mouth of llie river between the lii;;h clilT banks is about half a mile w ide, and the stream ^ .iliill and lushinu bod\ of water in the rainy season. Ibit during' the siimmei' months, a dry ii.ir kI --and and ;:'ravel forms completely across the mouth, so that land travel alon;; the coast ilii II |i;isses o\er it. It rctpiircs the hca\y rains ot" the fall ami winter months to sweep away this )i;iiiMi. uhich. howe\er. t'oinis a;;ain after a lew w ceks of drv weather. The ii\ er lakes it.- il llii Iliad of li'iissian llivir N'allcy. east wind of the imiiieiliate paiallel coast raui^es; and diiiiii;; iiir Miiiiiiicr the bed of the ri\ er is dry above llealdsliiii u, tliii l.\ miles Iroin its inoiiili. and can be hiiiliil al several places in that distance. l>efore breaking throuL^h Ihe coast hills it comes ill 1 1 III .ill a broad, leriile \ alley ; but w hen near the coast the hills rise to I wo thousand feet, and ilii' ihimiei is deep and roek.N . The valleys of the ario,\os and streams tiiliular.s lo the .iissian 1,'iMi iirai- the coast were tilled with a very dense },'ii)v\th of hciny redwood, which has been Xir.iil> ileplcled and tiaiispoilcd hence by rail to San I'lancisco. .\| one of ihe Coast Survey iiniiiiilMin stations (Walalla) over forty trees were cut down that measured from live and a half iiii 111 (liaineter (Spruce) lo ( ij;hl and a half feel (redwood). llie i;eo;;rapliieal jiosition of Channel Itock, markiiiu' the :maith of Uiissian li'iver, is: l.iiiiiiiili' l,oli;;i|lliU' ;;- 'Ji. Ill iicitli I.':! ii: III wi'st. And rmiii il we have the following' bearinj;s and dislances lo proinineiit jioinis: ll.i.lc-ii Mill. I s. Point IJi'M'.i l,i;,'lil liiiii.sii... r..ii i{.i N. Tl W. St iniliis. il.' I.'ii'-sian li'ivci' was named the Slavianka by the Kiissians. and contiiiued so on their charts to hl^ iclieiikotl). Diitloi de Motias I ISII I calls il the San Seimslian. L'tilis l.didliiiii.—'l'Uis landing was located in IS7T, but has since been abandoned. Il lies one iimi ill. ilf miles norlhwesi fiom the month of Itiissian Itiver. undei- a hi^h head, two hundred mill i^Miilv vaids lonj,% north nuilhwest and soulli southeast, and one hiindietl and Ivveiitv vards ^■''li'. A .111 a narrow neck eonnecliiio the nortlieart side with the main bliilV. w liicli is one hundred ■iiiiiruiiv feel hioji. A small cove, one hundred and lilly by one hundred and thirlv vards in I'^l'ii!. IS thus forimd. which has a !'i|l i*- Jt •J')ti rAciKic coAsr I'li.ur. (S. It.v K.) Iroiii tilt' Ili'iitl.iiliout wlifit' llif .soiiii(lmt;s yivc liiiir ami llircc t|iijirt<'rs I'lillioins. 'I'h !»' and oiit' Imiidicil yards luirtli forty-six dc;;n't's wt'st (N. Ui W.) I'roi II I' daiifitT is nnu iiiiU' largest (lUttT rock <>)' tlic itTf dIV Kussiaii Itivi-r. A wire caldc was strctclH'd tor oiii^ Imiidri'd and lil'ty yards tVoin a point on llic main tiliin ;.. a nick closi' niidcr tlio cxtri'Miity of tlic licad. and Vfss(ds loading' wert' inooicd uiiilcr it. Tin nioorinjt I'lioys well' jilaccd outside, so tiiat xtsscls innld warp out. Tlu' cable has lieeii lakin down (ISSI) and tlie business carried to h'nssiaii (inlcli l.andiii;;. Tlie cove under Itules Head was known to the lliissiaiis as the " hariior sheltered lor l.;ii • laikas. /'. ('.. for the skin canoes of 'lie Ah iitian otter liunters, U'lisnian (hilch I.iiniJiiiii. — Two niile.s lioin ("haiinel Ko<'k, at the nioulli of I'lissian Itixcr, i very deep y:iilcli. two hundred yards wide, opens on the ocean : it is tlve hundreil feet deep \. itii ()iu> mile I nhmd. The only saiul beatdi alonj; this stretch iioilli of the Kiissian Kiver is at tli opening:. The clitVs on tiie northwest and southeast are veiv iiiuh and rocky. l''rom the IIOIIIl it'st point of clitV a line of small rocks stretelies out six hi.iidred .\ards to the south: and i>iV ihc southeast point of tiie clilV lies another but sliortei' line in tiie dii'ection towards the end of tiic western line. Kelp lies anion;; and between the rocks and neaii'r the shore. The passage «;i\ between the two lines ot' rocks is about one hiindied yards wide with three and a half fallioin-. of water in it, and .>.e\t'ii fathoms near the outer rocks. It is throuuh this passajt*' way that xcsmU must ^o to tiie landiii^i. A short. M'Iv steep clinic is liuill out Iroin the southeast poini |o\\;ii,U the northwest point, and under the latter lies a uioorin;; buoy. The vessel w hen loadiii;;' is iiinni.il in eleven feet ot water under tlu^ end ol the chute. .\ mooriiiii'biioy is laid in f'oui' fathonis mimIi'I' the western Kicks in tli(> passa;;e. and another between the outer two rocks on the east side of ilii> liassap'. .\ sunkeii rock is icjiorted outside tlie visible rocks. I 'dint l.'cM's lan be plainly seen I rout this landiiiir: and l!odef,'a Head is on line \\ itli I lie |(m k J{ussiaii Itiver. KOUT HdSS ANClIOItAtii; l''ront <'liannel Kock. oil' the soulh point of itiissian itiver, to the point called Noilhwot ('a]ie.* forniinn the Western pait of I'cul Kos-; .\ncliora;;c, the bcariiii;' is north .se\ eiity dc^iec^s West iN. Til \\.). and the distance >e\ en miles. The diiccticui of the slioie is neaily strai;;lil. vmMi lii;;li. cia;:i;.\ clilVs t'rom one hiiiiclrcd to one hundred and eiL:lity feet above the sea, bioKcu U\ nuiiiei'iiu.' been di'>ciibrd under Kules liandin;; and Uiissiaii Ciulch l.andiii'O uulches and b(udered by rocks ;;cncrally ipiite close under the shore. Part of ii iia- Northuard of the Kussian Hi\er the hi;;h coast hills auain crowd clo.se upon tl I ' sea liiiiird They aie covered with f(U'ests of redwood, iiine, and lii' tiecs, which ^fiadually ccune ilou n ciiw, i to tile shore as we ap]iroach the I'ort I toss Anchoia;;e. About two and a half miles east son I lie, i>l troni I'ort IJoss cove, where the timber be;;ins to skirt the coast, a bold spur of the iiioiiii;:iiiis conic-: dircctl\ upon the sea ; w iiliin li'ss t' an a mile therefrom it is sixteen hundred and iiiihIi , n feet ill cle\atioii. and it isei;;hl hundred feel in elevation within less than Ibiir hundred .\ ii(l> ni the slmie. Tins is elsewhere described as the ('abo de i'lnos. The Russian vessels used llii> ^ ;i di.-liniti ve mark for niakiii;; the anchoraj^e ; the priiseiit coasters add to this other but slii;lihr local features. The I'"ort lloss .Viichora;;!' is a small co\ e. broad open to the southwest swell, and only |iaiti,ill\ protected from ihe north\\e>i >well. The bliitV shore iiiaKes a sharp eur\e to the soiithu ani > ,1 wcstw.iril for Ol e i|iiarter i'{' a mile, and this alVoids a lee in the north west summer wiiid>. I.i le co\c may be coiisiclenii lo reach from the soiithein extreniit,\ of the bliill to .1 pnini of hliillei-hly feet lii;;li three ei;;htlis of a mill' east b\ north half north (l). by N. .J N.) thcnli.iii;. The three lalhoiii curve kecjis moder.llely close to the western cliIVs, bein;;' only abiUll one liiiiid;. '[ vanlsoiit. Twii mooriii;;buo.\s are laid in the i'o\ e in li\ e and a half and ei;;lit fathoms ol w.i.ii, "liilsi a third and outer buoy marks the xinihiii rncL-. bare at low water, three hiindicd yards «i-i one niiarter mutli i \'.. \'S.i from the sonihwest point ol the blull, and three hundi'ed and ten >ai.N •\lelil of ll sou;;, seventy decrees east (.S. 70^ jv) trom the eml of tlii' chute. The ■St..;, fathonis over rocky bottom between this lock, awash at re is a depth of si\ iw water, aii.l the chute, .ii'l 1 di , :'.' ''f ten fathoms i- Ibnndjicst oiitsi(:e of it, but .some broken ground with as little as hmi:.'i feel •! later lies Mlmost iiort ll distant seventy live yards from the .same rock, and thence to ili.' poiiil iioithnoilliea.-t iNNK.) trom it there is a reef on which the swell breaks in heavy weatlai. The aiichora;;e for small vessels is close under the elills on the wi'st side of the cove aid iii.-iilc tlif southeast I y whiih m;iiks Ihe daii;;er alieid\ mentioned. There is room for two vcs.scK 111 ■ Sii 11:11 1 liv till- Kiixslaiis : IrlMiiknli l-l-. PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. 257 the I live at Olio tiiiit'. In winter small vessels make faxt m the southeast buoy, and, with lines to liir sliore, I'leiiiu-nll.v ride (int heavy soiitheasteis. Itiit the anehorap' i.s bad for lait;*' vessels Ikciiivi' the bottom is roeliy, and they are likely to lose their anchors, A chute is built out to tlio v:\>\ soiitiieast iVom tlie western elilVs and pidjeels over twelve feet of water, where a vessel ol'sev- iiii \ li\ e tons can lie Inoadside to the end of the chute and head out ; siu- has to be moored by six liii,-, lo buoys and shore fastenin};s. C'oaslin;; vessels load lire-wood, tanbark, redwood posts, III 111 produce, etc., for Sail Francisco. This was the first of tiic small tradin^r harbors on the (•(i;ivt north of San I'laiicisco. About sixt\ carjioes have been loaded here annually. I'll 'le is no isel|i in the cove, Imt patches of it close inshore, about half a mile to the southeast- wiii.l. Outside the harbor, in fifteen fathoms, the bottom is sand, ;;iavel, and broken shells. A litshwater stream enters at the eastern part of the co\-e where theie is a short, broad Mini I'c, It'll. There is a depth of twelve feet of water close to this beach. I'.tiKiDs in the approaches to I'ort Ivoss Aiichorajie : ^l ixitcli nf sinihcii nit-L's marked by kelp lies iliii'c hniidicd and sixty yards south twenty six d( >;rees west {S. L'(> W.) from the southwest iiuiiii <'\ the elitl to the westward of the cove, oiic<|iiarter of a mile south foit.v decrees east >, (11 I'..) from the extreme wotern part of the same point, anil one (|uaitcr of a mile south lifty- iiiiir (Ir^rces west (S. 'I'X W .) from the southeast buoy iii the cove. This patch lies on the raii;;e (i| ilic nsitcriiiost \isilile rocks otV the southwest point of clilV on with the oM Itiissian church; aiiil llic soiilheast buoy on with the point of the ei;;ht.v feet ciilV. tormiii;; the eastern limit of the iiiM'. I'licre is deep wati'r, fiom li\e lo l<'U fathoms, all aiound these sunken rocks, and they are (^|■^tMlly dangerous to sailiii;;' vessels hu!.rKiu;;' the westeiu point of the cove when coniiii;; in to tlir iiiilioriijie with the usual noi'thwest winds. I siiiihfii (11(7, lies iu the westernmost point of the kelp tield southeastward from the iMtve iiiiii luo hundred and ei;;lity yarils from the nearest jiart of the shore. It licars south ei;;lity-two (lij;iii's east ^S. S:,''' lO.), distant a little more than three eighths of a mile from tlie southwest |i(iiiil III the clitf on the west side of the cove, and the southeast buoy lies Just to the northuard of the line lictweeu them. It lies on the rauffe of the old liiissian church and the extreme point of ihc ^liiiic under the ei<;hty I'ect I'litl' in the eastern part of the cove. It has tioin live and a ipi;irter III li-lil lallioms of water all around it. A (|uarter of a mile to the eastward ot it, the three- liitliuMi hue Nt retches well oil ivow, shore, enduaciiij; foul uroiiiid and \isible rocks. Tli' I'niiuiili /i'(i(7,.v, haviiiji a hci;;hl of thiit.\ li\e feci, lie one mile soiilheast from I"ort Uoss ('ii\c .iiiil one third ot' a mile otV shore, close to the ten f.ithoiii line. Then' is a reel' locall\ known ;is I'oit Uiiss /iVf/'comiectiiii; the rocks with the shore, which is a bold, pointed clitf one hundred mill iii;li! feit hi}.di, known to the Kiissians as Southeast <'a|>e. 'I'liese rocks are therefore a il,iiij;( r to small vessels beating' northward close under the shore. AiKitlii r iJamitr in the a|ipioaehcs to I''ort lloss lies two and one(|uarter miles south sixty tour lii'jiiiis c.ivf (S.til* K.) from the Northwest Cape, and two thirds of a mile olf .-hole; it consists of 11 led ni »iiiii|;cii rocks, and is in the way of small coasti'is beating;' up close under the sliore. It is iiioiv iiiiiiiitely described under the head of llydro}.Mai>hy of the Coast between l!odef;a Head mill I'oi 1 lioss, piiLic L'.'iS. < 11) ilic we.sici n part of the Northwest ('ape, rocks lie ipiite thick close iindi'r the sliore,with an i>ltt I'l iliiily viiids ill extent one liftli of a mile distant. A small |iatch of rocks twenty feet high il(■^ Hill- i|ii;iiier of a mile nortliwol ot' the lattei and one lift li of a mile oil slioii'. • Ml Northwest Cape, the nlili/ iitnlmrc citniiit generally sets to the iiorlliward at fidiii one ',iiii!lii lo one half mile per hour, following the line of the coast and having a breadth of one to ''wi ii.ilis. Sometimes this current is leversed in continued heavy noilhwesters. I lie ;;eogiapliical position of the C. S. Coast and (ieodetic Siuvey station on the extremo ^'■>lii:i imit i<\' Nortliwesf Cape, tiftysix feet above the sea, is: I 111 ii Mil,' :is :\n' :ir, .s nortli. l.iilii;llllil(' lj:t l.'i II wist. I ir. ill lime -.ii l;l'i' (Ui'.'.t I'l iiiiigiietic vari.iiion was \('> Tm east in .lanuary, iss,"i, with an annual increase of 0'.5, I "III I'ort Itoss Cove the highest part of Itodega Head shows Just a trille to the west of the Miiiiii, I ,i| I'niiiah's K'ld^je. I 'II (loss was lirst .settletl by the iviissians in 1,SI1. It was the lieadt|iiarters of their ,sea- ■I'tcr liiiiiiiii- III this rejiion, and they had eight hundred natives from Kadiah with their bidarkas 01' skill iMiioes. The Wallalakh Indians were a powerful tribe pist north of the .settlement, li-'ll 1' 17 ri: f. m lii I ■■«■■ f> I'Aiiric lOAsr i-iiAii. m iii;n(ii;Ai'iiv <>i' rm: (HAsr isktwkkn hodi'.oa iikau ani> r»im' koss. Almi;; llii' r<»' ^v, I'liilV .-'Ikii')' Iroiii l!ii<|f;:a llciul nnrtliwt'st tor one iiml a lialC iiiilt's tlit' ti lalliniii liiic i>l soiiiiilihus lies lit'twccn oiictliliil ami mii- lialf ol' a mile iilV .sliort', witli liii> tluri' lallmiii (111 '.(• oMc liiinili'i'd and lillvNards rmiii ilic sliiPir. 'I'lif lioltinn is iii('j:iilar, rocks , with ^i,i\ >.iiid and Imikrii sliclls. A \fr\ small palcli i>l Ucl|i lii's olV llic sli;:lil indciilatiiiii liall' a mill' Mum ilic niiiili\\csl pdiiit o\' Ilic Head. OlV sIidic tlif twciitv ratlmiii line lies almiit (.n. mile distaiil liiiiii slmic, ;:r,idiiall.\ a|iiiiiiailiiiii; at till' iiidtliUfsl |Miiiit. wlicri' t lit' lliirtx lailmm line is (I is "11 ell mud. u I hh a mile distant. Tlii' lurts tallioiii i'iuac is l\vi> miles ntV sliore. The Itoltiiiii L'eiieralK ill uccasiiiiial e(iai>e j;rav sand and luokrii shells, Nmthuaid uT |!(ide;;a Head. Ihe ten tatlioili line keeps uilliiii hall' a mile (if the shore iieail\ to the moiiili ol ilie li*n>siaii III\er. Out* and a hall' miles iiuiih ol' Salmuii Creek a few jtali'lieN oi kelp ,11 !■ fill I 111 I iii-idi'ul' eiulit la I horns, and a small patch under Duncan's I, a ml in;;. The I wen i\ l.iihimi line lies one and a hall' miles olV shore, the thirtvdalhoni two miles, and the l'oi't> r.itlKnu liiu' iliii e niihs. The 1 Mil loin elian;;es slight I v lioni (he;:! cell in nil to line ;;ia.v saiiil, «'xeept lie.\oihl Ihiilx lallioai'», where llie ^ii'ceii mud siill prexails. There ale no kelp patches to the liiissian l.'uei. Ihiihji i-n i>fl /i'7.s.s/((H li'iiir. — Oil tlie llllssl.in U'iver t he ten lal liolli line lies se\ eliei},'litlis ot .i mile lioiii Ihe 111 Mcli, iii>l iiiilMile a sin. ill patch ol' locks alioM- water called the Out A'dc/.v. Thr p.il l\ one hiiiidieil and lilt V \ aids ill e\ii lit, and is snnuiinded bv ei;;lit or ten lalhoiiisol' walci illioiil anv daiim'is immediaiely aioiind II. TIic.n lie south sc\i'iit.\ two de;;ri'es west (.S. 7l' \\ llll e i|U II ii'v^ 111 a iiiih' lioiii the ('liannel Islet. .Midway bet ween these locks and the south Mi il' i;u>.-i,in Ki\ ii ii lira lice is a not her lock alio\c watei. It has six lathomsall around it. One thud ol a mile IKU ill li\ v.ol N. Ii\ W.I liiiiii the Out itocks lio a small rock above water, wit 1 eiylil latlioins dose to It. but tifu -sKiiLdi rccL.s lie two hiiiidred \arils to the iioithwi'st of the small rock. I'll. Ill Kiis.^iaii liner iiiirlli«e.-«i\\aiil the ten ralhoin cni\e runs within oiiethiril ol' a niiiinr locks comin;; well out to it. 'I'liere are no kelp | i.lli'lu the coa>I 1 lills. uilli \ i.-ible and sun except a \ ii.v ,-in.dl one cluse in to the mouth of Itussiaii (iiilcli. one and t wothirils miles inn tli" of ]{us>i.in i;i\ei. The t'Aiiii.v l.iil I ciiive IS t Wo miles oil shore, w it h ;;ra\ saiid and broken shells, and thirl vf.i till ill I cuiAe i> 111 .11 1,\ til lee miles out, with j^ieeii mild. I>i ( .i|ir. .ii 1 ol I l,'o>.s ( 'o\e, the ten fathom cm \ e pushes out for one mile toembr.ii !• I'liiil bultnm. iiiie ipi.ii ler of a Nil le si|iiare, with se\ el al sunken rock.s haviiin' from .six to ei^^lilciu feel uMI llniii. .ll.d with 11 rcuill.il buttom lieine to the slinle. 'Ihcse dan;;ers exteilil oiltsldi' I'i the line I'mm Nmlliwot ( 'ape to .-^all roiiit. and are vciy treacherous because the sexcial i"ck> lM'ail> have liiiiu t'ourlo>i\ fat lioins bet ween thein.wilh nine fal Iioiiin close oillside. One nl llnse he, Ills l> lie, II l\ au .i-.li. .i ml llie\ aie so small that lliev :'ie not otteii ma iked b\ break .Vkclp field makes mil lo liie iiipithwe.vt ed.,e of this broken ;;ioiind. and it should be a\oideil. Tlie iii.iik lor this daii-ir i> ili.il pan of the tii;;li, bold land comin;; upon t In- shore heasily timbeieii. The i\Mnl.\ lalh.iiii line i.> i.iily a i|a.iriir of a mile outside this danger, but lo the norlhwesiuaiil It mo. 1 • shi'ii ''\ aid and is oiil\ one I hiid of a mile initsid" Northwest Cape. The kelp is luiiiii! iii'-idi 111.' |i.iiM,illii.iii line for tliiee miles aloii;; shore soiiili of l''ort lioss (•If loll lop^s, the forty I'athiiiii line is oiih two miles distant over a liottoi 11 ol "ll'l'll Jill 111. which iiiii.> into ivveiit\ li\e fathoins .1 1 siiiii;i-; siitiNKlNiis. iii!! I II a L:cliei al uest b\ soi 111 II t \\ . b\ S. I direction I ran, I lim-nf deep vi ,| >ni||idill;;s. Novt'iyl lolii Norlliwest Cape, the I'. S. st mil I. Is7-1. as follows: eaiiii'i 1 "■> Ml.'- I 1 il,- ll.|.Ih tr'.ln 111 Ntttllns. nt ('(111.'. IlltlloiliH I..itil.i.l.'. I.. .l.L'i'llilf VV.lI. 1 Cli.ini. Ill ..I l.,.tl.. IJ S. i.| W. UP s :•, w 4;! S. 7(1 W. 1.11 s 7« \V rj7 S. 7SW i:.; :w :::i r.':) :ii .'iSii :l^ :m |'.':i ii :iii :ip a i-.';i lo I. .'.Ml .'In ;i:! ij:! .vi l.l-'.'l M M \-2i nil ■.'. II.". ;iK iiii i:'4 :l' L'.CMW :» :i7 I ■.'.'. 'J" J, .'Hw :;ii 2\ rj6 j; 1- I 'IllV llUlil. ri.i a I'. i;m,\ mill I'liirkinli iiii/.i'. i'l PACIFIC COAST rU.OT TABO UK I'lNOS. .'i.'J I or tlio ii;irt of the coiist iicnr Kort Ross, nltont latitmlp .'W :W iidifli, nno of the most ])ronii mill liiuir.ills is l.'oss Mmintaiii, iilrcaily dcscrilit'd im \M>ir l(>7. It is \ isililc ;it ii (lislancf of liiu i! iri' miles, or llt'ty iiiilt's otV tlio coast, aiitl was used as a station point in IIm' rxjiniiiation of III). (mi.IiII r.aiik. Wln'ii a Vfsscl is well otVslioit^ and ('oiiiiii;; tVoiii tlic soiitiiwiiid, tlic |iiM'iiiiari- tji'sol ;!ic iiiiiiKMliatc sliorr line arc not noticed, lint the liolder I'catiiics of the inoiintain masses ;iii. \(:' "I'll made out and used as landfalls atid landmarks. Ininiediately lieliind Fort Ivoss (\i\r III!' ;:ie.it pine covered coast monntains, ciilininiitiii<; in Hoss Mniintaiii, ci'o\m1 close upon llic SCI .111(1 present the appearance of a urciit wooded cape or lieadland (see piiue -■'>•)). This is the j.iiiillall which Cahrilio made in Novemlier, l.'tIL', after riiiiniii<;' lielbre the sontiieast ^'aio wliirli siiiick him otV (.'ape San .Mailiii; and when he was oH' this Cape of I'ines hi- saw the lii;;ii iiiiiiiiii.iiiis lieliiiid Point Arena. He made it a;;ain on his southward |iassa^'e ; and in l.'it .">. when ills •.iiicissor, l''crrclo, went still lii^her np the coast, he made this i,Meat cape, covereil with pines, ,111 Im.!!i 'lie iioitherii and southern trip. It was their principal point of di'parturc in these lati- iiiilis. lie placed it in latitude thirl.vt'i^ht and twothiuls decrees. Adopting; the correction liiiiiiil imm oilier well (letermined points, this would reduce to alioiit .">.S' ;>(i'. The ;;realer mass limy 1m' considered as lieiii}; Itetween latitudes ,'J,s .id' ,\\u\ ;{,S'' .'>|' according,' to the latest (icirllliill.lliolis. Tlic iwo most prominent mountains in the mass to the northwestwaitl of Koss Mountain are: ,s';i(() Mniinliiiii, in latitnd*' .'Js^.U' ir>".'> north, louf^itude llj.'i Id' (ir'.d west, the wn.ided sniumit (ifwliiili rises to twenty-one hundred leet ahove the sea. The other is Ty iiiimeroiis ^iilclio wliicli open upon the «)ceau, and are liordercd liy rocks which are close iii>lioie. riieie ;iii' ihi eiiil\in;t dau^jers. The tiniher eome.s cIo.se to tlie slnui's, a?'d the hills to the crest line are idVcMil \\ itli fiiiests. A lary;o tiatlii^ ill luiiiher is cairied on at numerous very small coxes and l.iii(liiii;s :il(iiij,' this short stretch of coast, which is luokeii about midway by the Walalla River liiiriiii; ;i passable throntfli the tirst or outer line of coast mountains where they are over lilti'di hilliillfd I'l'et hinll. IIVDEOGUAIMIV l-UoM I'nur UdSS Til I'OlNT AlJl'.NA. l;iiM(l oil Fort Ross Cove, the ten-fathom line of soiiudinn's is within oncliftli of a mile of the >li'irc, ;ihil all known daii;;ers and the kelp patches lie inside of it. It t'ollous the !;ciieral irii';;ii l.iiiiii •^ 111' the coast northward, sometimes beiii.L; a little clo.ser and sometimes a little farther oil. I'lii '■.■rciiii is idi'ky and fre«piently irre;;nlar. Tlir twenty fathoni line olV l^'ort Ross Com- is two-sevenths of a mile from shore, and is more iif.nlv |iMiallel with the coastline lietweeii the smaller |ioints, occasionally followiiii;- the ileeper imliiii itiiiiis. as at the cove between Stillwater and (ierstles Coves. The character of the btittoiu rliaii;;i's liiiin rocky to ;;ravel. tine trray sand, and broken shells. rill thirty latliom line oil' I'orl Ross (.'ove is three tpiarters of a mile from shore, and to the iiiiiiliuiiiil is less rc);nlar in its distance than the twenty fathom line, lieiiij; only halt a mile oil' ;ii S,ih I'liiiit, ami one mile otf between Miller's (iiilcli and I'isk .Mill Co\e. The bottom is ^eiierall\ iiii'ki II chills with coral, line };ray sand, black mnd, and f;recn mud. Ilir liiitv I'alhom line oil' l''ort Ross Cove is two miles t'loiii shore, but to the northward it is Miiiii'w li.it iMMier. The bottom is i|nite regular, and its character xciy somi cliaii;;('s I'lom llie line ^riy v.iiiil. etc., ot the thirty fathom line to ;:reeii mud, wliieli is found beyond tlii' forty-lathoin iiirve. .iiiil is supposed to chaii;;e to the ^rrecn oo/.e of the I'acilic I'laleaii. Tiii>e are the f;eni'ral teatures of the coast hence to I'oint Arena. Special details will be ;'Ueii |o, I he various localities. 11' iniiicipal points for lumber and produce shipments in the stictch of coast from l'"ort Ross Ii' l'n::it \reiia ale as follows : Iniiliir Cm r. — This is all aiiclioraf;e for small coast in;; \ essels In northwest w inds, lint is broad "IH'ii til the .sDiiihwest and south. It is bad for \essels drawini; over ten feet of water on accouut t ' h I \,i '■ , ! Illl'll! ,,,rl. - lllin.l ll I' ''I llillll -•I rhr ; Uv\ ■'' |M|.... II .' tliini of II iiiilt* iii.si*l<> tlu' pniiit ami iiiiih'i' the i'il;;i> iiiiis (MIC i|iiait<'r (if a mill' to tlif iiiiriliiMst. w jih a ((iiitrarlcil pdckct (iiut liiiiiilri''! iikI •'"> vards dci'ii, Iroiii tin- noil li west siili' nl' wliidi lui iiiri ly sirciclictl iiiit Hvn cliiitcM. i| JH '>in III M|M'ii to III!' soiitliwi'st, anil lias liiit a miulrrat)' innlrt'tiiiii in iinrilivM'sl w inils. 'I'lii' swrll nmh ■- MilliriiMl III wi'^>t l'*»l-. til W.) srls in lu'avv, anil IhimUs wril milsiili' tlic nivf alunjf a linr i»l' >iiii Tlu' iii:ii'l o r,rl I.I uil kill iiit'ks wliit'li I'lirm a ciirvcil line parallel wiili ilir .slmii'. 'I'lir uiitiT cliiitc is aliaiiiliiiii'il. Ill- lias lircn siilistantiall,\ iclniill, cliaii^ii'il in ilirrctiDii. ami I'stnnli'il niii to lliirtccn Id'. At llii'cnil 111' llic cliiitc a vessel lies limailsiile lui willi six niiHuin;; lines. Two i|' ei;:lil\ tons eaeli eaii lie in this eove in snioolli weallier in siiiiiniei'. At tlie lime of Hie tii|ii'-i ililiii al >iii'\e\ lliere were loiii' iiiiioi'in;;'liiiovs ; llie Iwo inner ones lie in li\e anil six lath' mil'. Ill w.iter east ami west IVoni eaeli other, ami the onler in ten I'atlioms. p'rom the outer linoy ll, ime ill is north northwest (NNW.) past the secomi limi\ anil iliieeilv into the ilecpest part III ilii riive. Then' are liro siniLiii ivic/iVi cast anil west of the lniox. (die smiLiii mil,- with only M'M'M iii'l ofwatei'on it lies thirty vanls to the east iioiilieast i liN 10, i fiom the outer iiiooiiii;;'linoy. flu- iiiiioiiiiKS were ;;ooil lint are now out of repair. Sell ooners earrv awav wooil posts, tan- |i;iiL iiiiil pi'oiliii'e. The Inmlier mill lormeil.N ninniiiu on M illei rreeU, mie mih' iioitli, ami wliicli I'lii ll- h iliilier li\ lail to the chutes, has liceii iiionciI awa\. Tlir ^;e(iyiaphical position of Salt i'oint, as ileteiinineil by the Coast ami (ieoiletic Survey, is: l.atlliiili' ;i« ;i;i i- ' iinrili. I.ini'iiliiilr !■,':! Ill .V.I' hckI. Or. Ill iMiii' i;i'" I'.i'.'.i 'I'iie iiia;;iictie \aiiatioii in l.s.s.". w as 1 7 .Hit east, ami the aiiiinal imrease was liilf a minute III ;ilr. Al S;ili I'oiiit llic ten lalhom ciii\c is ilistani oiilv mie ei;;iiili of a mile at liie limit of the kil|i liiM Insiile of it tile lioltom is rock> ami iiie^niar. 'I'lie tweiiiy lalhom ciiiM' is one- i{ii;iitri III .1 mile li'otn shore, with sami ami limKeii shells; the thirt,\ faliiom eiii'\e is half a mile iiiiiii -lime, with lioltoiii of ^rceii mud and liiokeii slnll.s ; tiie foitytatliiiii curve is one ami one- ihiiii iiiilis finm shore, with re};nlar liottoiii of ^reeii mml. .\i Salt I'oint the ;;eiicial trend of the imnieiliale coast line swing's more to the eastward ami mil- iH'iiliwesi threC'ipiarters west (N\V. ■( W,), A small stream eiiteis the sea aiimit one mile iiiiiiliui^l from Salt I'oint in a small Inil deep imieiitalioii called Miller (iiiicli, Tiiis stream is lillli'il Iln Dirailo on the lliissian charts of 'I'elieiikotf. /■/./, Mill ('lire lies two ami one third miles northwest Irom .Salt rniiil, and is an aiiciioraf;e liiii.nl iipeii to the south and sonthwesl. The elitV lormiiij; l!ie western point of the eo\e is lorly Inl lii^li. and lioidcred liy rocks alioxc water, close up to which ten fathoms can lie can led. 'flie-e rocU.\ masses, and the hi^^hci point riiiiiiin;; one mile to the westnorlhwest, liieak the imri' 111 llie iioitliwcst swell ami eiialilc \essels to use this as a fair siiminci amliora;;e, liiit tliero I- 1111 -111 Iter from southeast around to the west. There is j:ood water here, no hidileii dangers, ;iiii|ilii- iliieefatliom line lies within one handled \aidsoftlie liliitl. \issels of one liiindred tons I. II! 1 |- here. Tl lere are tour niooriii;;limi\ s : two lie o me liimlied >ards from ll xtrcmity of ilii' I liiiie III seven ami ei;^lit fathoms, and an outer one lies in twelve fathoms alioiil three hundred >;iii|s -oiilii southeast (S.SI",.) from the chute: the loiirth mooriiiK-'iuoN lies on the south side, and iiiiii tin' iiiiter limits of the rocks to the west ward of the aiiclioraire, I III' cliiile is on the extremity of the south point of i he western side of the cove, with a reel'of 1"«. il.i; lucks lyiiiy: to the south southwest only two liiindied yards from shore. in iiiii;,'li weather the line of lireakcrs runs \ cry close aiom;' the sliori' iimlcr Ilic rocks and ii-iilr till' end of the r'hiite. .V vessel lies hinadside to the cud of the chute ill fourteen feet of «.itfr ami has six mooriiij; lines. .She haiiU out to the soiitlici n linoy. A mass 111 kelp lies one liftli of a mile east of the third Imoy, ami liorders i he shore in live to M\iii liihnjiis of water for one mile southeast to .Miller (iiilch. It i- -,iid that Vessels can lie hcrelon;icr in southeast weather than at most of the small coves, I'li'.iii-e ihedeep water is found well inshore. The shipmcnls are lu'iilici', wooil, li, irk and posts; ■ ii'iiit Imiy schooners load here during; the year. The liimlicr is ^ot out at I'latt's mill, al'out oiio line iiuarters uiileH up the coast from this place. 'J'here is ipiite a vilhiKO half a mile inside ami I ll, II' iHllllt. •MlllC ■ tell fathom curve of soundiiif^s is only three hundred yards otf the north shore at Kisk W' and Just outside the outer visilile rocks. The liottom is hard and rocky. The twenty- 1- ! r :i till ^,mii :'» ! .'G2 I'ACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. r;itliniii riMVc in ;% littliMiioi't' than iiiii' i|inu'ti-i' of a mile ol) sIidic, iiiiiI tlu'liottoin m fliu>Kr)>.Vsiiii>|. liKiKrii slirlls. ;m(l ciual. Tln' lliiitv ralliiHii ciii \c is twn iliinls nl' a niilf t'rniii sliort'. and at iIk ontctcil;.''' lit' a ItoitiiMi (if iiniil, ^.'lavrl. ami liioUm .shrlN. 'I'lif I'oiiv lailiom ciirxc is one and ih,. tlilrds mill's oil sliorc; tlu' Imltnm «|iiilt' ii'^idar ol' trifcn mud. 'rhi-nrc tin- «h'iith incicasr.s v.'i\ n'f;nlaily. Iliirscsliiii I'oliit is a cliir one linmlrfd and i'i;.'litv feci lii;;li. Iliifc miles noitli liliv ilm , (li';;it'e., west (N. ."I'l ' W.) t'l'Din Sail I'oint, «illi a dr|iii'ssiiiti nCsiviv feci iiiimi'diatt'l\ lirlnnd ii Then' arc ih) tn-i'M tiir niietliinl ola mile liaek, Imt tlio suniiiiil ol tin' pninl is maikcd li,\ |iri)M'<'tni:: nnisst's of I'lH'k. Tlu' siMwanI I'ai'c is iMiiilcrt'd li.v lai'^'c nukv patches; hut tlu' ten tatinitn line passes eloseiintside Ihein. and the I \Nent\ I'atlniiii line is iinl,\ Imn' hnndred yards I'rnni them ; tli< liotiniii is riH'k.N and line yra\ sand. (hi the ninth side III the point is an indentation olonethiid of a mile, forming a lioivi.sh .1 eove open diieetl.v to the northwest. In this cove is a small lield of kelp with live to si\ latlioin water. 'I'lie lenl.illioin line sweeps inside of the lioiindiii;; point.s. On the north sidi' of the Horseshoe <"ove the forest comes almost to the ed>,'e of llic clill loi .1 mile, and then falls hack a few hiimlred yards in places. The ;;eonra|)liii'ai position of the Coas! Survey station on the iiorihcinmosi part ol ihe point 1 . 1,.llilll(lr I.iili;,'itll(li' I'J dr. in I inn- ;(- :ir, 1- .: imrili III •'■ \:\"' The tliirt.N I'attiom curve is two thirds of a mih' t'roiii the shore, with lioltoni of yra\el, i)rol>i n shells, niid mild. The foityl'athom line is one and t wo tliiid- miles from shore, wil h tlii' liuiinm chaiij^iiiy: fioiii j;ra\cl, liiokcn shells, and mild to ;:iccii mud. iJcyond forty fat lioiiis 1 he dcpih chant's ;:iailiially. I'loiii Horseshoe I'oiiit the coast line runs ncail> stiai>;lit northwest l>y west (NNV. li.\ W in\- twelve and a lialf miles lo the inoii ill of the W alalia I.'im'I. at no place let real in;; o\er a mile lo ilir eastward ><( that course. The shore eontiniies maiked liy Inokcii clills, averay;iiii; si\t.\ leet aliove the sea. lioidrnil li\ rocks close under lliem ; and the hind ^renerally rises without trees from one ci^ihth to hall a mile inland, uhcii the t'orcsis l>(';;iii and cover the lii;tli co.i.st liills to liltccn hnndred feet. Ill .laiiiiaiN . 1">S."(. till' line of cipnd nia;;iiclic decliiialioii o| sexenteen de;,'rees c.isl cin iIh' coast line ill latitude :'.<- to six fathoms in the s.nitli ein JiaN-li. Th from six to seven I'athonis of water all around these kelp patcin A ImiuV has UiM'ii placed In the northern kclp)iatch lietwcen the two sunken I'ocks. In the norlhea-i |miI of the co\c. there is a small indentation over which projected the chutes for loading; vessels. The liireelallioin line runs well into the cove, which can he entered with live to six faili'ins ol walerovcr hard hottoiii ami line ^^ra.N' sand. In Is?" there were three chiiles wlieiic (. liiii.nir load I'll nil the schooner- Tl le outer chute has ln'cn carried aw.iv, and the inner oi iii.l used. The kelp reaches into the middle cliiite. There wire three mills, one of which was cl-i '■" tiie shipping point, and till' others hack in the forest. They aic aliaiidoned, and a small si, n.'li' mill, line and 1 half miles ii|i the coast, is the only one running;. In lss.-,,,nl,\ one chnte, the middle one, was in riinnin;; order. It exteinls from the clili"\i'i the rocks out to elcNcii feet of water, and vessels of one hundred and tweiitv-live tons mav 11 r use seven nioonnj.' lines riicy in the cove, \cssels lie liioadside to thi' end of the chute and haul out to one or the other moorinj,'-liiioy, according' to the direction of the wind. Winn llie PAciPic (,'()Asi ni.(tr. "J ithi'i IS iiiii{,'li, tilt' liiK* III' lu'ciiki'i's I'll tlif^\i.i ;iiii| Miiilliui'sl is I'liwi' mull r I III' iiiiii'i liin iiiu lll'lls till' SlllltlH'ilSl tllfl'l' is III) OlltlT iri'l' III' IIM'kM SJlllVMIIi: "llU ^11 \i'M llHV VN.IIr I III an iiM'i'ii;;!' Ilii'ii* iiri* t wi'iitv II m- .si'lniinii'i s liiiiijiil » n h u |, jhlsIs. i.iii Imi K, ;iiiil ^liiii;.'lr - III I hi- _\rar. ilii-ii' an- two iiiiiiiriii;; liiinvs insiilii llii' I'liirain'c. ami ii lliiiil inn' iniiiiliiil \aiils niii^lili' tiiu ikN till' iiiirtliiTii palrli III' Urlj). I'iir It'll ralliiiiii ciiiM' III' stniii(liii;;,s lii's jiist iiiil-jili- thr \ isililf miks ami liiraki'i> nlV Slrw .ill's I',, I , iiiil just iilltsiili' till' slllikcti rnrks ill llir ki'l|> nD' Ihc nivf. Il is alimit mii- >i\l li oT a iiiiii- liHiii IiiHi', with ii'ir;,'iilai', rorky liottiMii. 'I'lii' Iwciiiy ratlnMii iiiii'. nvrr a liiiiiniii n| inn' .saiitl, lii.i|,rii slii'jls, ami ;:i'av)'l, lies li'ss tliaii hall' a iiiili> iiiilsiili- llir |iiiiiit : \\ InUi ilif Inity ratliniii iiiic. iiM'i .iirii iiiml, is iiiily iim- ami a liall' iiiiltvs I'riiMi .slmrc. Ai lliirc inili s wr IhmI lilt\ tatliniiis iiwi 'III' saiiii' kiml of iiiilloin. I'.fiUr I'oitit l.iiiKinuj. — l''ivt' ami a hall' iiiilcs iimlli si\t\ mic ili"^rii's \m -.1 (N. til \\ .1 iiniii Ij,. ~i -liiir I'liilil IS a iliiiililf lii'ailril |iiiiiit Willi .slt'i'|i rlills lil'lN In .sixty I'lt'l hi;;li, ami luinliiiil liy 111,11 r I iiii.s iiii'ks a I II I VI- uatiT. I'mlrr I In- sniiilii'i n nl' llii' tun |iiiiiit s is a \ i'i'> rmiii.ii'lril ami |>iiiii' .1111 li> 'I.I u'l' 1 1| It'll I'l'iim Mill ill wi'sl III sniillii'asl : a mi k.\ i>li't mi t lit' sunt ji sjiiin. niakrs t lii^ n \ 1 1 lu- ll. in., a rsl nil lilt' riiasl. Tlif III Iff Lillioiii liiii' ii'.iclii's in \ fry ma lis In I hi' nifky i>li!. I l|. li ;ll(• t^Ml 1 niti's, III' wli it'll Ihf iiiiif r iiiif is lint iisfil ami t lit> niitf 1 mif sfi-ms a I'aii' |>l,iff In In.i.l ,ii, Tlii-- I'hlllt' I'Xtt'llils t'liim Ihf III 11 11 III I w lilt \ 1 liiff lift nl \\ ati I . ami a \ is-f I lii s Inn.nlsiilf tn tlir iiiil with .six iMiHiiiii;; liiifs, 'I'lifif aif liifi,k- is flnsf iimlii' ihf stailmanl \>o\\ ni thf \'>.sil III rliiiti' ami liri'akir- In tin- fastwanl miK lilts s anls tlistaiit. 'I'lif sufll alliii-- lln' \r^>fl It I ,il til' I'lii lie. TIliTf aif Ihll'f 1 1 illU limiS s. 'I'hf ilimi nlir nl thflll ll IS Hill liiihilifil salils M.iHiii.i^l nl ihf niiltT I'liiilt', ami lifs III list' III- si\ lallintiis nf vvatiT. with a im-K alms n u ,ilfi' liiiiM x.iiils iiiii'tlifast ami a siinkfii im-k ssiih fh-vfii Ifft ii|iiiii ii sf\riiiy saiils snuij i-ii,t. Tiif iiiiiriMiiisI liiins Ill's 111 It'll rathniiis t.tii liiimlifil niiil twfiits saiiU smith lis fast (S. lis I''.. Imiii I hi' iniit'i' iilif. ami Ihf lliilil lillny lifs lif Issff 11 this mitf |- mif a in I tin- inn ihufst ) mi lit nl tin' . m i-. i'lii-- is a siiiniiif r lamliii;? ""'.v, ami an as fiayc nl list- small .^1 hnnmi s |mi mmii Ii In.nl unml, |..i^t ■-, I,. 11 li iii>. .mil slasf hulls. Tlirt'f st'ssfis may lit- a I am-lnir in tin- i-ns f. lint tin- |il.iif is il,iii;:riniis til. Ill (Irllllll-r III .Illllf. ■^i'n;;ra|iliii'al piisiliiiii til' thf Coast Siirsfy stalinii mi thf pnini i.s l..iiitiiili' :;- 1.1.11^11 mil' 1 -.':'. di. Ill liiiii- "' In :'.i'. .Ii null It. .4 «i-»t. l;l' 4:!.n, 'Ilii' till lallimn iiiu- of siintiilinf;s lii-s flosf iiinlcr thf iimtli iiniiit nf thf lamliiiL:, Imt tssn ihiil .iiiil isM'iitv sarils nil ihf s isili at thf |iiiiiit mif ijiiai If I' III .1 mi If mn t I \\ 1 — i 1 . 1 t h I 1,1 11. 1 111.'. 'I'lif linltmn is riifky ami st'iy irif;4iilai'. 'I'lif Issfiits lailimii liiif lifs niif tin 11 1 i.t a 1111 If tiiiiii •.Jiiirt', ami llic I'm tyl'al limn niif ami tliii'f iinailfis inilfs with !'f;;nlai' lintlnin ni lim- l:' -t-n ^1 \VAi.\i.i..\ iMvr.i; 1 rmii I'.ihlfi' Piiiiit thf first iiniiit In thf nm ihsst-st is Walalla I'nint Islnnl. 'i'lic I'liast-linc |. li. .ii^ t'a>tu,iiil III' thf liiif jniiiiiij; thf Issn alimii li.ill' a inilf. It h. is tin- >. mif dill shmi's. lint 'I'liii'U hat liissiT, linikf n lis' •riili'lifs ami Inirilfii-il lis lllliniiif IMlilf I'm n^r liinlrl' thi- flill'-. Till- lisili;; talilf l.imi is llt'slitlll^^ til' tiffs fnr nm- lliinl nl a iiiilf hafk, am! llifinf thf inm- rnn-st iHiiIiiiilfs In thf hill tiips. l'"mir niilfs iinilhwi-st Irnin liilili-i l.ainliiiL; anil llinf iiiilr> smilln-ast • «iilil riuiii Walalla liivcr, lliflt' is a saml tifai'li npfii In thf nm tliui st, ami 1 In- --ami tlniilimn is ilrni \ tr Ihf lanti in liui'; iliills nl' tiniifs I'm- ufails hill' a mill', pa Slriii.l\ a limniit'ii to tsvii hnmlrfil ami lilly yariis I'l'mn it. 'I'ln-sf an- .111 uii ml ii-ai'ily imliffalilf ritiin sfasvanl. ralli-1 \i i; ll till' slim r. ,111. siial li-.tinii' III llii.s Noitlissaiil III' I'.ihlff I'niiit Ihf kfip liffniiifs liinif fnmpacl iiinirr llir .slim. rMrliiliilU mil ;;i'iii Mils III six ralhnnis. It is iirfy:nlarly lirnkfii I'm mii' ami a hall' mili s smiih ni \\ alall.i I'niul • "l.iM.I, ami nmlh nf il lifs flnsf iimlfr tin- slinrf in I'mir ,iinl livf I'at limns nl w.iti-i in I In- inmiili <>l tin llSfl. II iiluUn Point hUiml is a rockv islet, forty tsvo ffft almsi' thf sea. I'mim-i tiil wiih the MiilV n\ .1 ll vs ri'ff. Tho jii'Ofjrapliifal position nl' Ihf ("nasi .Smvfy slatimi ii|"'i' i' i-"^ l.iiiiii.lr :;- l.nii.'ilinlii l-.M It .'..". ni.rtli. 11 ll. sM-at. 264 rAOIKIf COAST I'll.OT. Mi t l«Jii: ,J lioliiiid tlu' nu'ky, bliifT point alm-ast tlic island is anotlicr diift of sand dnncs, six Imndnil aud lifty yards lony; I'astsoiitlu'ast Ironi tin- licacli wiicri' it is taiicii up. Tlic month of Walali:; liivur lit-s exactly out' niiii- nortli twenty t'ifjlit dt'j,Mws west (N. -JS' W,) from Walalla I'oint Island, and sixteen and a half miles sontheastwardly froni I'oint Arenj Lijjlit house. The stream rises in the coast iiaruntains on the north llanU of K'oss Mountain, rnns liortlnvestward parallel with the eoastline foi twenty oi' twciit,\ li\(' miles and distant theretVuiii four or live mile., I>ut with the hi;;h, timbered coast riilf,'e of lilteen hnmlied to two tiio'isaiul feet interveninji'. It ehanjjes its direetion very al)riiptly and breaks through the hiirh iiionnlaiii ranp', reaehiny the eoast with an averaj;f breadth ot' one hundreil yards. Within a mile of its uioutli it runs west northwest for tliree- inside the mouth. The lumber is sent two iiiilis b\ rail to liowen's Landing;. T le proper name the ph iiid ■r is Walal the spellinu- dial IS a cm ions alleiii|il to make a Spanish womI out of the proper name. The i;iw>iMn records show thai at the tiisl sei tlement of I'ort lloss, in ISll, the ollicer in chart;e elide need to make friends of the Wallalakh,.i str^ni;; tribe of Indians then lixiiij; aloiij;- this s'reich of 'oasl. On the Itiissian ciiarts a strc.iiii ;s desi;;nated i'- this |lil\ but no name is yiveii tn it. < >iie of the Coast Survey station.; (Walallai on tin' north .-ide of the j;i'eat bend of the i nel, and three o\ Icinr mil troiii the coi isl, I las .III elevation tU twcntvoiie hiindieil and iiiiielv tv\i feet, and this may be taken as the j;eiieial elevation of the 1 iidlall on this jiarl of the coast. Udirai's l.ititiliiiij. — One and a iialf miles iioiih , vol of the Walalla lliver and foiiileeii miles southeast I'roin Point Ai eiia, is tins smal iitracled anelii iia' i.ol over two linndied auii liI'M ard s in extent, wi'li the kelp broad ac I'oss the eiitiance in li\, nd ix fathoms. T le shiire: sixty I'i-et hi};h and bliitf, The soiit'!\est point is broker, jai;;;ed, and bordereil by niiiinii rocks above water ;ind (1 close niKle the ;'liir- There is a laire rock, called lee lloinii lti>il.\ >\\\\ yards in exicnt, six hundred and lifty yards .south fort \ -one dey;rei's east (S. 41' V..) from the emi of the noitheiii chute, aud a suiiLiii mcl: ei;;hty yards from the chute on t!>' same bearing;'. I lie Jcfi' hurls suiil.tii ruil; lies south twenty two decrees east (S. •_':; V..) .>jeveii hundred and lift\ y.inls fidiii the chute, and two hiiiidied and twenty \ards .southwest by .south (SW. by S.) IVoiii iiie ISow'Mi Rock. .\ lliinl xiniliiii nnk lies south si\t,\ lour de;;rees west (S. til" W.) loin hainiieil y.iids trim the elnile. Sontheasl ;ind southwest of the northern chute lie line mooriiiu-inioss, iln- farthest lieiii;.' two Inindred and seventy live \,.rds otV. This chute, o\er two runs from the soiitheini d b'Cl Host part ol the point, where the clill is lifty ttne leel hi;;li. out and o\ i r twenty four feet of water where vessels lie broadside on. and can receive the lumber from the iiiilN on till' \Valalla llivi Tl a s 11)1 1,1 III' close astern of the vessel, and another to the sontlieas I. I iside the chute then a \e,.v small cove and beach with two small landinj;v\ h.ii \ > . and a wharf to which one bianeli of the r^jlroad iiiiis: vessels loadin;; here have to haul oiii ii lovvwater. T'li' new wire rope chute (called a trape/echnte) is stretched sontheasl wanl imavlli.iii III 11 li'll.i, (l:il,.(l (I, h.l,ri- r. l-l::, lii..n Kii-Uull Io l;ai;iii.ill, li.' -.|;it.^ tlinl In tin wttlcinnii til. .fir w.i^^i liMi.'iir IikImus, n.-inif ^Xikhiiii'iiiiU's Jli.-,torii.ul Ktview of JJ iiiiiiliwiir ii (.r iiir furl i; il. il, p. 'Jiii, Aiipiudix.) PAriFIC COAST PILOT. 2(5ri (iiic liiiiiilrcd yiu'ils from a point in tlic soutlu'ast jiait of the cove liro.id into tlic (](■«']» \v;>t('r, anil J \, --il ivinj; iinilci' it to loail is in Iwcnty-lonr tt'ct of water. Il is sernri'i! to a lica\> inooi'inlac('il aiiotiicr linoy,anil lii-twccn Ilij^ 1 liiiti' :iiiil tilt' nortiifin fliiilc tiniT new nioorlnu luiovs iiavc hccii i.iicl. Tln' ii'^liicis ailiii>t ihi-i iiiuoiiiit;s wiicn it is ncct'ssarv. Tlii- mills can cat tiftylixc tiioasand tcct of ini.'lx-r daily, ;iiiii I'loiil oiu' liiindrt'd and forty cai'^^ocs arc slii|i|i<'d hence all tiic year nmnd. lainiliei '"ily 's ^lii|.|i.d fnan the northern tll'l( iics SSK.) t'roai the landin;r, l>nt rctri'als to I nc lalhoms imnn-iliatcly off the landiii;;'. anil a;;ain oiil to ei;;lit and nine fathoms wes t ()• it. The tentai lom curve IS in the outer limit ot ki'Ip. line third of a mile trom .shore .south of the landin;;, and less than one I' It h of a mile from the west of it ; lint aetnally i'nnnin;f within one linndrcd yards of the larj;e rocky i.slet >l of the ehiitc. The depth outside the tifteen-fathoiii line increases ipiite rc;;nlarly, tlio I'alliom line liein^ less than two thirds of a mile from shore ; the thirty-fati om line at one. .NJIiilr I t«l'lll\ If miles, an 1 the fori v fathom lineal two and a half miles I roiii shore, 'flic fico^raphic^d position of tlu'Coasi Snr\cy station on the soiithwesicrn extremity of tlio II. where it is fortveiithl feel aliovo the sea, is- l.ntilmlc I, nil;; 1 1 mil' Cullins l.iiiiiliiKj is two thirds of a mile northwcsi of IS :!- Hi' .">•-' ' nortli. t-.':; :i:'. Ii'i wrst. Laiidiii;;. ami is c\|iosed to the 'Stem sea: except lor a few ontlyin;,' rocks above water, there is no pr.)tcctioii. The line oi" (Mkeis follows closely the outer line ol' sniiken locks. There Is a chute si retcliiii;r from the ;lil\ I'ect el i IV to a rock l\ iiiit Jasl olf it ; and l hence a wire c;i hie (trape/c clinic) is carried south liirlliii'C liiiiidrcd vards to a rock outside with six and seven f.ii lioins of water aronnil it. M'.-sci iiiuicr l.'lMks III l.lliloMI' III the Tra le/e I'hnic lies in Iwciilv feet of waicr .iiid has tixc im nniiiu' lines The Fish to |lic noilhwc.-, 1)111 too fir otf to atford anv protection. Two iimoiiii;; liiiovs have lieen I ml red yards and two linmlicd sards to the northwest ot' llic'in! ol Hie ciu'c, close under the lie o! il line of rocks, which is, however, too Iiiiiit"d in cxicnl to at''.)rd iiiiich shcller. A third iiiiiMiiii;^ Imiov has heiMi laiti al out seventy yards to the south west ol ilu end oft he wire calde- and a liiiiilli iiio(uiii;j Imoy lies close inder the chute and not over cii;lily yards fioai the rocks. The !and- iiiy Is used only in summer, and an average of twenty ti\ c car;;oes arc shipped hence, >'.. ves.sel (Mil he here Ml winter. Tl'c Inmhci- mill has lieeii aliaiidoncd. Iml wood, iiosts, and taahark aic H\'.\\ ship Aitiliiirdiir or Flxli li'm I,' Ldiiiliiu/.—VoHV miles north lil'ly cij;ii; dcLirees west iN.,'"»S"' W.) liiiiii W.il.illa I'liiiit Island, alioiit I wciiiy lour miles northwcsi ward aloiiu' thecoast trom I'ort K ;iim1 i»c!\ e miles soul licasi u ;iidl> from I 'oini .\ rciia. lies this small cove under hi ;:li, spar .>cl\ \V(,.H led liliill-: and piiitecled from the northwest sv.cli liy the iwd lii^li inckv islets l\in,L;' oiilside. 'I'liese islits .lie c.illcil ihe I'lsh liiM'ks and are de-ci ;hed luitlier on pa,;;e L'liii. On the east face of the siiillliwesi point of the i': a liiiMiJ l)eacli of >aiid and rock stretches foreiuhl hundied yards to till' I'aslrt.iiil. in the iiiiddh' of this lieach empties the sire im throiiMh l''isli l!ock ( iiilch. ■flieic IS protection liele from the lloithwcst swell, lull the cove is wiilc open lo the southeast hmI -iiiitliucsi. {''ive or six vessels can lii' at aic'l.or in iioiIIum'sI wcilher under the lii.Lrh ImsIi l!"iL>; .(lid iiioilcr.iteU lart;e vessels, of tw- iiundied tons. ni,i> anchor close-in in the cove, east III' llir clinic, liiit several ilmiiiirs exist in '. ae liav as follow? /•/ (// /iicAv aliovc water lie ,ist liy sontli (!•'. lo S. two liiiinlred am I sixty yaids from stein extremity of the point; close outside these Vw lii\i s\iiil;n> r«ckx, the farlhcr one M'V('ii!> live yards .suiith so ilhwest (S.S\V.), Half w.iy lietweeli these and the poini to the north- »i>t h,. tiio iitlur si(ul,;raphi('al position I.iiiitiiil.' I,ci|i;.'itinli> I',';! "I. ill ijiiir •■ (I-.' .7 «■(•■,!. ll, .Jl„ Ilavens .\nchoram' was named l>y the Coast Survey in IS."),'?. Locallv tiie )ilace is known a^ Fish Koek l.andin;;-. i'isl. /I'dcAv.- Thes,' are two liij^h. rocky islets, connected at liij:h water, ami l\iiiu t i^hi Inin dred anil titty yards south sixty one dej^ices wot (S. ill W . tVoni the e\iieniit,\ of the h'uii ,ii Ilavens Anchcua^c. The oiitcl' I'ick, one hundre;i and lilt.v ihiceteel hi^h, i.s three hnudred \;iiiN (icli rs luu- liniiilieil lilt lony; northwest and southeast, and one hundred yards hro'd ; the inner i hi.;;ii and alioiit half t hi' extent of the outer. 'I'll y an' connected li.\ a iiairow, rocKy lieacli. i tin hundred and seveiit\ live yards southeast {SV,.) from the outer islet lies a mclv fort\ feet mit i.i water. .\11 around these rocks are manv small i licks at love w iilei-. 'riiere is n passa; e \\.l\ 111 than one hundred ,\aids in width lietwccu the iiiucr rock and the nearest pniut of the main laiiil, luit We do not know tin' depth of water llirou;;h it. I'ive or six \essels can lie w itii s.ifelv innh i the proieiliou of the l'i>ii K'ocks in heavy norlliwcst Mows. Se.i lions aliound on these their lielliiwiu;: can he heard uearlv a iniie distant. i'oi'Kv mill '"i>li li'iick lies smith liftv four d eurees i ast (S. .'ll F.ielcM'u and a half uiiiis froiii 1' Arena Ia;:lit house. If can not lie seen from the I.iuhl hoiive. liowe , ow in;;' to liltel \ eliiU;: pnlh!^ o I' land, I lilt troll I a |iositioii two miles south of it, I'ish Kock shows a little to the ri;:lit ot ll;i\ m Neck, and in imiiui' with tlie liieakers on Saunders lleef, which lies lour and a halt' m;li> homI sixty three de^'lees West (N. ti.'i " W.) from it. I'or one mile .south of Ilavens Anehora;;e and as far we.^twaid Itocks. the kelp keeps alol.j; ilie shore in from .'-i\ and M\en down to lime and ,i iiall l.illi oiiis of water. Inside of it lie all the dau;;ers south and ia>t ol' the anciioia;:e. The lintiiiln'iii curve lies one i{iiarti'l' of a mile nlV shore south of the aiiciiora;^e, and just outside ol llir I'i'>li th" point alire:is| ol l'i~ Kock SII as til include the small visilile locUs i itVth Tlie t weiit\ fathiiii I line llo lllli ters of a mile I'loiu I he shore, lull only one i| nailer of a mile outside the isll■|.^ ; Ihi' liolimn i-- .imil. erately ie::nlai'. The thirty fathom line is one and a half miles, and the tm t,\ tat iiom line t u n mihI a hall' //'('•(H\ .\((/.' IS a rocU\, iilinost iletadicil lieail. one Iniiiilni miles tiiui shore, with leunlar Imttoiu .Vm/.' is a rock.\, iilinost iletaclicd head, oi 1 lioldelcd 1>\ locks. It is tiili " 1th |ilecl|iltiilis Miles am southeast, treeless, and covered with 1 mill I'liIlN -liv e fell aliii\e iK ll v le iMimlieil y. lilts imii; nulliiwi-i .iml It lies li\e miles north si\t\ ihice de;;icis wi ^t (N. •i'l" ^^'.l from Walalla Point Island, and elexeii and a Imif miles aloiii: the coaNt sontinM^i ineii I'nillt All lia lai'llt. Th ' narrow neck two humlled \;ilil> liehind il is se\ellt\ lei l In^' el. .Itnl iu.sidi It the land lisi->, slowlv to the timhei line. Southeast of it, toward the I''i>li l.'nrl. niiiiierous small roeK> mIiom- water and reported aiioiil nineteen feel liii;li. Tothenorll IWC-I ,lioi - th e coast till mil' mile there is a c a ill of piitihes of rocks aiiove w ater, w itli sunken lorl.s iii.ill liv kelp West ;iiiil niirlhwest of 1 he farthest. The chain lies alimil live hundred \ aiiN nil' stieic, 111 ileip water mitsjile. 'I'he 1 neks i if t h is eii.iiu IHMIol llie Nip and Tllik I. Wl li\e liel lll.uli, the l.ll.uer milir mie iiilinu .11 liii ■ ^ hellli; itmilile headed. The .shoie line i^ I'm imi li\ ,,|ie|i .-lili^ one hiimlied feet lii^li, limdered li\ rucks and cut liy ^iilehes. Till /i';(///''(// I'm this |(. II 1 of tiie coast is the pine e.iveiiil ri.li;e ciilniiiial mil: .it W.ilalia Mniiiii aiii w Inch rises to 1 wcntv I wo hiindied and M'\ enleeii feel elexalioii in latit'iile •'■'^ "il l"i .'iiinnli. imi';iluile ll'.; • L'!t' .M' west, belli" li\e liillis Irom the iiealesl slimi \iliiiiiil Tiirl, l.iiiiiliiiii is an open coa.sl hindili;:. vwlh a chnle fioia the M'vent\ live tei-l f lyiii;;- mie mile nmlh lliiil.v ei;;ht de;.'rees west (N. .Is \\ . fr Havens Neck. Tin- elilV i^ Ii siilltli >iile 111' a ill' ill, n.iriow ylllell, crossed liy a liridue .si\t \ feet alio\ e 1 he w ,iler and *il\ I 1' to ll le oilier eil-e iil I He ell ifs. T le ;;ulell IS c.ille d i; •es'iiail (line 'I he laiidin- i> jUaein indmieil : i illU s|\ \i >sels loaded here in ls.S;i. Tilt! .-ehoouer Ciinilinr Matiin was win here in t )iliilier. 1 ss.l PACIKK" COAST I'lI.oT. 267 Siiiiial I'ort or Sterns l.niiiliiiii ih one iiiid onr third iiiilt's iioitli fniiv ■ even ilcirnu's west (X. \\. Irani ll;i\ciw Neck, and It'll miles ;il()ii;t till' <'o:ist suiit licasl wiirdls rniiii I'oiul Ait'iia. It |i(iii jaiiiliii^' (tlic iiidt'iilalioii in tin- ciiasl line lit-iii;; liltic umi' unr iiiiiniri'd ,\ai'ils), wilii a Ml two liundrt'd yards in cxlifnu* li'iij;lli, Imilt tVoni tlic t'i;:lii\ Icil cli,,, iivn i-Dcks into hillr .lliii ,iri|i M.ilcr, where vessels lie lo load luinher, lire-wood, ]iosts, tanl)ark, ele. Ihi'i'i are rocks I wo linndred and twenty .yards to the soiuliwest; a xiinLni nn-l: four hnndrt'd v.iiiN last li.v north (K. I>y N.) Croin the end of the elinte; and iialches of rork to tie easl-south- (M.'-i. Two nioorin;;l)Uoys lie one hundred and foity yards to the sonlhwesi of the ehiite; and ii lliii.l 'lie has Iteeii recently added (1S,S|). The former name of this landin.L' was llard>erateli. he saw n till, erected in ISS!, is three and a half mihs from the landing;. Il can cat twenty- ivc ; 'loi isand feet of liiinher daih . Aliont ei;;hl yessels load each monll ,S((7 h'lifL. — This is ii sharp-pointed pyramidal rock, fortyfonr feel liijih, anil til'ly yar; in (•\ti III at the water-line. It lies nt'arly eiiiht niindrcil yards ntV shore ami nearly inidw ay lielwi en Si. 'ii- Cliiite and Iversons Chnte. It is two miles north sixty seven dci;iees west (N.tiT^ \V.) Iii.ii; liavcns Neck; and twoanil three-ipiarters miles norlli sixty-three dcLrrces west (X. (IP W .) Il ilic Fish Itoeks. 'I'his last eonrse jiasses closely tliroiiiih Walalla I'oint Island. Fish Itocks, .Sail Hock, and Saunders Itecf. Coasting vessels from the northwestward, when one mile or more iintside of Saunders Itecf, can make 11 course southeast. Iiyeasi lialf east iSf'. hy !•]. A I').), parallel with I he coast line and outside of all daiij;ers. I'lir three-(piarters of a mile west north west { W'NW .) Iroin Sail Uock lie two (U' three small p.ilclics of kelp. /■. r.siDi Ltinilinn, ■>{ /•'( iv/k.so/iv Corr, lies three miles iicuth sixty one de;;ri'es west i N. tJl^ W.) Il.ivcns Neck, and eij;lit and one ((iiarlcr miles alon;; tin' coast soiit licasi waiiliy from I'oint ,1. The shoreline is of the same eharaclcr of broken clilVs one hnnilred t'eci in elevation, liiiilcnil liv innumerahle rocks close inshoi'c. with the oulhini; Sail Kock alrcad\ described : 1-. named Fcri/nsuns Cdii tn' liou^ii ami Ueady. Tlie hcison l.andin;; is said to lie protected liHiii tlic hea\v noithwesterh swell b\ the Sannders Keel', l\ in;;- scM'u ci;;hlhs c a mih- distant. I'l'iiiii \M'st by mil Ih lowest norlliwest ,'\V. bv N. to WNW.^ Th under iversoii I'oint, is tliiir iiiinclred and lifty yards deep towards the ea.-t northea.st. It is siii ronmlcil li\ hi^h, rocky I'liil-, hcudered in {Treat measure by rocks, and is bioad open lo the west siMithwe.sl. The south- .■,ist iMiiut is ei^'hlN scNcn feel hi;;li ami tree from rocks; it is icalls a lar^c islet barely detached iVoiiiihc main-land. The northwest point is nine! v feet hi^'h, but has a rocky islet, sexeiity yaids 111 •■xi cut and six'.N six feet hi^h, lyiii;;' under its sou the, 1st face. Uetween this islet and the sonth- ■•1 |"iiiil Ii"- a ciiister of low rocks stretching,' fron! the islet nearly to mid entrance Tl passif,'o mill llie cos i IS lii't .veeii these r leks and llie scnthcast point, and is oiil\ litl\ \aiilsiii uiiiili. The I ■. sent ,.ite is a small platform proJeciiiiL; tioiu the soiithcasi I. ice olthc north Idnlf; ■Mill II ;■ >.t si >!, yards east noiihcasl and inside IhcisU't ninlir t lie imui hwcsi pnini. l-'roni :!'is j.lii; iM'ii, ;i < ,ii,ie i.-i carried acic.ss the cice to the north t'M'o of I he soul heasf point. X'esscls 111' miller tlii.N ' 1 1 do 4Utli their sieriis in seventeen feet of w aler and are mooreil to the rocks, Tw o heavy leoorii!"'- il' , - lie oulsiih- ilie entrance. 'I h ci)\ i'onsid^;red a ^ood siiinmci' •• lauili iii;," and about t liriy \esselshiad wmiiUian- ■>ts. ai .1 ties, r.iil when a heavy southwest swell coiik's in no vessel can wilhstand il. tell and run I'm' Havens .\nehi>r:i;^e until it luik liiv iiiiist put out at the liist indications of such ;i » 1 1 i /,''/'i//i (()((/ /i' f/, I iiiiiliiiii. — The jiropi'i-ior of l''er;;iisons ( ove was in b'^s."! ic erectiii;;- the liLiilnini for the in chute formerly located on Ivcison's I'oint and which piojected to t lu^ Miiilliw.ird over deep valer. This chule has belli washed awa\ three limes, and is in a very lA]., Illil. liositii)n, \'e>;sels of one hundred Ions can Inail iiniler this clinic with six mooi iii'jlines li 1(1' s arc wiliiin Ihirlv \ards of the n Tl icie IS no chance lo repair ssel if she siilllli I;, I kIiuiiM avoid the kelp. i.re reported in the kelp lield alioiil hall a mile or two thirds of a mile southeast by il «oiitli (Si;, by S ^ S.) from Iveison I'oiiil, so that vessels apploaehilij; these landings liiii. u„U*i* rvt. hall S.I rutiiiMii i{ii;n'ti Ihir (ll'C|i, Sllllll rimii li llilllilh tn'cnl ;, \anl> li iiall> I • 11 IV.il aiiil llii'l Mllllll sji Mlfly li iMl vvlllcl iilll Ulll ll!v;||ii IS Tiir III.' -iM. , lilllrll II rnllll Al A .M, :i\i'iM::i- A \N ^lll .1.11. il Mclii « il I'll:.'!' .1111 ^Im|m' nil Willi Ih r lii;li kelp ticid one lialt totwo-tliirds ot a mile southeast by Houth hull Miiilli (SH. liy S. ), H.) Ironi Ivcrson Point. 'I'lic coastin;? sfciiincr Fcnidulf ran on Saunders I{»'cf In .Inly, ISS.i, alter cntcrinjj the kclji tiiM :iMiii the nortlnvaid. S'vnvhrs lUil Wliistlintj Hkhi/. — In I'^eUniary, ISSit, a ii-hisilhuj liuny was placeil In sixteen i;itli'Hiis oi water al)ont onethird ot a mile south of the outer lireaker of Saunders licef, and onc- iliiiiiiri ol'a mile outside the kelp lield. III. Iiiioy lies a little more than three <|uarters ot a mile west from Sanndi'rs I^andln;,', and iiiic mil t*v(i thirds miles west by north oiM'<|uarter north ,^^'. I'y N. ', N.). It is seven and one- iliir,! uiilc's .southeast from the Point Arena LI;;htlionsc. .VliliiMi;,'li the Held of kelp extends t'roin the reef into si'\en and elj;lit fathoms of water, v<-sscls :iii' ail\ ImmI not to pass lnsld(> of the buoy except in clear wcatlu-i'. Ai-'iiit Viirc. — Two and a half miles southeast wardly fioiu I'oin Arena Li;,'ht house, a short, il(('|.. contracted valley, (larallcl with tluM'oast-llne, opens Irom the southeast ujion the hi;;li clltV .sliiiivs iif a small cove where thcic Is an ancliorai,'e for small vessels, moderately well protected liiiiii ilic northwest swell but open to the sii" 'iwest. Fi-oni the month of this valley, which Is in ilii' liii'pisi part of the <'ove, the trend of tlie Ii lyh, rocky slioies is west f(U' scvcncij^hths of a nilhs ;iiiil Miiiili by west (S. by \\ .) for one (piarler of a mile. The table tdill'of the south point Is two liiniiiriil anil lifteen feet hl^li, and the western blutV slojies ipiite gradually fioiii t wo hnmlrcd to ivvriii.\ li\e feet. The south shore has a shln^jle beach ; tie' west shore Is rocky for one hundred \iiril> liiiMi the base of the blutV, with outlyinj; rocks for three hundred yards. 'I'vMi linnilied and eljihty yards west southwest (WSW.) trom the south piiiiit of the cove lie /if" sniiLrn riicl.s havlnj; less than sK feet of water upon them. The t wclvc •''••■t curve e\ tends j^cii ir;ill\ ! lui Imndred and forty yards otf shore, except directly in the deepest jiart of the cove wlieie II iv.iriiis the extremity of the southern wharf. The three fathom curve follow^ It closely. allliou;;Ii ilir liiilloiii outside that line Is irre;.;ular and rocky, and anchora.i:e in a heav,\ noithwest swell is li.iil. Mil' licId of Uclp outside the cove marks ipiite insiily the ei^lit I'atlmm liiu' of soiiMilin!,'s, nil! llirii' are no known dan^rers outsiile ol' it. Tlic Incakcrs on the reef of iock> on the ninth and >liits, with the north wharf l)eariii^' mnihcasi (W. ); nil vvliirli iDuise a depth of four fathoms can be carried to within t vo hundied \ aids of the eliute. I!ui Uilli ,1 \ery lar^e swell e.iniini,' in. It breaks clear across the channel between these ordinary A'lii' Miiiih /(((/»M(I' Arena Cove Is a bri;;lit rm k y el ill, two hundnii and twenty feetaboM' h as tiie clitfs towards Point Ai.'iia. and is disllnctlv visible iIm- --i ,1. Ill' MiDietlian twice as hij liltii'ii miles lo seaward in tlie aft It. liv it tl le position of ernoiin when the siiii i> sliinin;: iip< rmii! .\i<'n:i ina.\ be dclermiiied when the latter Is bduw the hoii/on. A Miiall ciiastiii^ steamer makes ri'i^nl.ir lri|>s to this place Irom .San I'laiulsco, and an annual avi'iiui- lit' lilts schooners lo.td lunilicr, posts, tan bark, pnidiice, etc. .\ wliail and a chute have been built here. The wharf Is on the north side ot' the small ^iii.cn. aiiil i> about one liuiidred \ards lonu' and piojei ts Into lifteen feet of water, but a \'csscl -Il'lll H III III l.iiu'i' .mil In nine feet of water when l.vlnt; on the north side ot' It. The lumber chute is a very hi;; structure, comiii"' from a till' north side of the val distance ilowii and ahiii;,' the sonlhcast t'.ne ot' ihe sleep ley. It stretches out o\ cr ten leet ot water, and a \essel lies I'll out In ll\e «lili 111 !■ stern under the chute. There are two lu'avv outer iiioorlnL's l\iii iiis. iiiii> liclll;; little to the north, and the other a little to the south of the line of the whaif. ■i!!ii!ri|i.ilcl\ to the southwest of 1 1 lid i it' I lie w 1 1, 1 1 1. ill three fallioms, lies a breast niuoiin;,'. for till' I liiile. Two otlier bri'astinooriii;;s lie in the shoal u ater to I lie west of the clinte. They are M'liiiiii lo till' roeks, and the outer end of the chain is held up by a buoy. .\ vessel at the clinte ii.i> :i hue to each outer miiorin;^', to the two breast in mi iii;;s on the north side, and to the one nn 'III' >iiiilli, with 11 ijiiailer line to the Inner end of the wharf. Three vessels of one liiindred and iwi'iiiv tons can lie in the cove in suiiimer, and two of one hiiiidrcd tons In winter. In ;;ctliii;,' "iiilir «ay a vessi ' ':;'.'.;I., elose to the northwest outer moorlii;;buoy and makes sail. The ordinary MiiiiMiir wiml diaws over the point so that I' is fair from this buoy. Scliooneis load both at the «liiii iniil eliute. laiinlicr only is shipped from tliechiile. The (l.ircia Mills,(ni the (iarcia Creek, il ; I k !il. :t:,i 5« l!|f; «:* t •_>70 rAClKIC COAST riLoT. flit sixty IlioiisMiid tVt't daily, but ili» iidI nm in wiiiUi, allli(Hi},'li tlu'i'o is always sulUcii'iit Iiiiiiliii for wiiiti'i- siii|i|iiin; ill smutiili woatluT. Tlir Mvcrap' aimiiiiit of fivijjlit from Sail Kniucisco is sixty arc liimlicr mills, a s1i'";;lcniill, | apcriiiill, ami tanneries, licsiilcs numerous I'ai Mi- ami stock ranches. It is in the line of mail ami tclc;;ra|ili (•ominunicatiou north ami south. riic Icrracctl land about .Vn'ua Cove reaciies over two liiimlre ed;;e of the elilVs at the wesiernmost e.\treinil\ of the cove, ami alKUit threeipiarters of a mile Iroin the chute. Its };eo<.'rapliical position is: l.titiidr :i- :•:>' w l,iMi;;itinli' i^;:i i:i' K 111, Ol tiiii.' -''I 1 " .''!■ Iljldroiniijiliii. — I'roin Saiimlers Ueef U(U'lhwestwaiil, the outer edfje of the kelp line is \(m_\ uniformly half a mile Iroin shore aloii;;- the line ot ei;;ht or nine fathoms, with irrejiidar boiiiiin inside. The ten I'alhoin line of .sonndiuj;s is half a mile frinn shore, the I wenty-l'athom line tlirci quartersof a mile, the thirly-falhcun line one ami a half, and the Ibrtyl'athom line two and a halt miles from shore, with (piite re;;ular iiic'easc of depth. No character of bottom is ^iven in ihi' sheets con>ulIed. Olf the point west of .Vreua Cove the ten I'athoin line td' soundings projects out fully half a mile from shore ami luicipiarter of a mile beyond the limit of kelp, of whi<'h two patches only be in ten and a half fathoms, ami on the inner (>d^e of this almost detached i'm K\ shoal ot' about eijiht to nine fathoms. This presses the twenty I'athom line out somewhat, Imt ilir thirtylathoin line is nearer than usual, bciii;;- only oin- mile from the point. The kelp hence in Poiiit Arena is in six fathoms close inshore, ami broken towards I'oint Arena. POINT ARENA. This is the first notable [)oint of the co.ist north of Point Ueyes, from which it licais iiniili tifty one and .; half de^jrees west (X. .")1,J - W.) distant si.xty six miles. Approached either tioin the niulhwest orsoiitlieast it presents a Ion;;, level pl.ileau stietchiii;; out about two miles west n| the nionnlaius, and terminatinj; in clilfs. The jtlate.iu falls iVom two hundred and llfteeii Icr; abo\e the sea to sixty feet near the extremity of t' e point, which i> treeless tor nearly one mile back, and niaiked ,11 its extremity by the l.i;;hthouse and its buildings. 1'ioin the Li;;hl house the co.ist line, two and a half miles hence southeast by south (SI], li\ .S. •:> West point of .Vrcna Cove, is c(un|iosed of broken and prcciiiitous clilfs of lift y or sixtv lici e!e\,itioii. liorilcred by a \ery rocky b.ise, ami broken by two or three small ;;ul(!hes. .\toiir ami afpiartcr iiiiles southeast from Iheixiiiii and about three humlred yards from the shore, with wiiicii it is connected by a reefot' rocks, lii-s a rocky islet of thirty feet elevation with Ja;;;;eil. oii!l\ iiij; rocks formerl,\ much rrec|uentcd by the lar;;-est si-alions; these rocks ami the islet are ImimIIv kmiwn as Sc,t I, ion llocks. When I'oint .Vrcna is ,>een tVom the west and southwest, and the clilVs of Arena Cove an -ecu from the soiiiheasi. with the snii shining; upon then, it shows remarkably white for the Icii-ili ei three 111 lour miles. In fact 110 headland or point on the coast presents such a bri;;ht appe,ii.im>' (U- siirh iinilormlv vertical cliffs which are composed of hard rocks twisted and distorted iiiio iiiiii: plications. When altoiii a mile liro.id off I'ou.t .Vrcna the outer Fish I!ock, fourteen mih-s di.-laiii, !a>t we-t ol ll.iMMis Aucliora;;e, and one liiimlied ami fifty three feet liiy;h, shows as a hi;jli, -li ii|i l)iunacle rock on tliehoriz(Mi to the southeastward, apparently well out from the shore with -oinr rocky islets inside; and the breakers on .Saund rs Keef, distant stiven miles, are .seen ai the -.1 time outside of the fish Itoc'k. In Ihelatitmle of I'oint Arena, .Vrrowsinith's chart of I Tm> 1ii-> '•Pinnacle P.Mk." .Vs there is imj rock of this characier at Point Arena, it is barely pn--ililc reference is |e io this sharp |iointed rock .seen to the .southward when abreast of Point .Vreiii. The broken .mil bliiif charai'terof the point is continueil half a mile aioiind to the east noilli- e.i,>t, where the (l.iiii.i Huer enters, ami a Ion;; line of .sand lieach and dunes be;;ins and rims to the iiortiiwai'd fbi aboiil lour miles. ^ S* ""'• ,,^Hk.... »,■■„.*-■ v.-*-*.*,.,, ,. •1^.,,., „ ■•'■*• ■■• ^^.j'TT \ y*7 ^""f gs tSr i^ i g-'SWH^' .;^ da'iJfc.!:„.i.A . Point Arena liight-honw, N.by W. \ W., 3 mi K , 11 mlloii. w\ -■ Vji,..*,^ ,-- A*^, ..«» .■>,!*• ,;,)!■! . . ..." '-.-htjkA*^. l^u I 1: ■ 1 , ■ t ■ .-. . •■*•* -'^''. ; * J!4li'.B!J^-" ! - ' jB ' B ' j^- '':« nt Arena I.ighf-hon«", N. l)y W. i W.. 3 inllen. ■■^••^c > .>^A. . Reef. » .- — Point Ar..iiii Mirhl-hoiiH.-, NE. by N.. IJ iiiili> ""•JN-^, . ZTmr'^r-^'-'-^-TTTTT^ hi 111 r.'i III lit .VI ii' 'fr r«in K-'i M. I'AriKic coAHT I'li.or. •J 7 1 i> \ ll,iilni(ir(ijiliii. — \Ui]i\ Wilier ix found close in on tin- soiitli, soiilliwehi.and we.sl sMles of I'oinI ^,, :|ii' ten f.lllioiil eili'Ve lieiii;^' willljli tlllee liMmlieil iilnl l\{'\\ y,\\As iif the rlilfs, iiiiil one jiiiii, ;,,| ,111(1 se\eiit,\ fiM' ,\;uils oiilsiile the Kiek.v oiitl\ in^' le(l;;e. The I \vent,\ I'lithoni eiirve is I,.,, • III hall' a mill- lioin (lie l.iuht house; tlie thirty fatlioni line one ami a half miles; ami the l,,;l, i.iilioiu line at lv\o ami one iinaitef miles. /),„,,,)•. Stieiehiny out jiiur humlied .\ards lievond the pciint towards tiie noithwesi hy west, SW . i'\ N\ .). Mud on the luolonyation of the soiilhwe.st face of the ehlJ' are jac^jed rocks altove w, t'l, ^Mili sunUen rocks, I'oid liotttun, ami hreakeis amoii;; the kel|i lor threeiiuarters of a mile ti, liic noMliuest iialf we>l ^NW. A \\.) Irom the l.i;;ht hiiii,>e ; whilst a single siiiiLiii roc/,- mul /„('i/."' lies one and oneihinl miles north thirl,\ four decrees west ^N. ;U ' W.) from the I,i;iht. 'Cliis riicU lias thirteen feet of w iier upon it and is ver.v raielv without a lucakei'. \ancou\er iinljcnl il in Octolier, IT'.*''. Ketwecii this Ineakcr and the patch of kelp and the hrciiker^ towards the |i(MiiI, there is a depth of litlecli latlioms o\eripiite renn'ar liotloni. r.i liie northward of the point the soiindin;;s aie ipiile ie;:iilar, hut the teiilarnoni line is over l,,ih' .1 iiiiie otV sJKue, the twciit.v fathom line one and a half, and the thirty I. itliom linetwoand ihiri i|U,iilcrs miles olf shore. til) sho>-i Siiiiiiilliiijs. —'\'hi- I'. S. steamer Tiisiiirnni olitaiiied, Novcinlier I and J, IST^t, .several nlV-hdie xiiiiidiufjs ;ijireast of Toint .Vrena, which are ;;i\cn in the follow in;; tablu : ^ '^ *l .1 M,l,- ,,„.l ..■..rn,^.- li.'i.ili |,,„,|,„|,, |,„„j.,,,„l... ..1 «...,! Iruiii I'ninl Arniii. itiilhciiii»i *• iKiliniili. ili I'li.iiiirii'i „r linlfiili). itllfi. ° o . . 14 S. -5 W r-'T 1 ■.m IHI tjl 1.0 •iH S. WSJ W 42;i 111 C rj4 (19 44 S. 1-2 \V . . l,x:i'' ;i!) 01 rjt «l 71 S 7H W l.;i8l .1!! ii:. i-"t 11 »■: S, 78 w ■.', Ull« .tit (10 r.'i 27 Ill.i. k ':l>, I'arc ahui;; Ihc I .M-t. and aie of ;;real value as lishiii^' ;:roumls. \|.iiiri'lle sa> s that when he was sixty miles oil the c(ia>t. in latiliide .{'.• , he "saw niaiiv sea- ttn:M's. ,lii, k>. and lish:" init in \ iew of thi ;;i('at depth de\-elopcd at that di>laiire from Point AiciM 11 IS improlialile that .my shoal e\isls in this localii_\. ( ,-,),•/(/. — The direction and coiiipar.ilive streii;;tli of the current past the point is well shown \'\ till' ili.i.u of the kelp. In < (ctolicr, 1S77, we iud;;('d it to lie running at the rale of imt less than i«'i iiiilc< per hour to the southward. In .Iul\, IS,*):;, the eompnied distances lici ween the astro- M'i!iiu:il positions, compared with the indications of Masse,\'s patent lo;i, showed a current from niic 1,1 tuo miles per hour to the southward aloii;;' tin' eoasf. On the other hand ,ve ai'e informed lli.ii iKiNi^ators liave found the ethly coast current moving' to the northward, especially after da,\s lit ciliii wcathei'. /'( l.iinill'iill.—ih\f of the landfalls for Point .\rena is the hi^h mountain raii^c ten mile> to :lii' '-iiiiilieast ward ; or the yet higher mount aiiis neail.\ northeast of it, ciilminatiiiu in < 'oldsprin^ Miiiiii;. (111. tneiit,\ -seven hundrcil and forty ei;;'ht feet liij^h, in latitude .HP (•!' IL'' iioilh. lon;;ilU(le l.M ".1 IL'" west. This moniitain is tdevcn miles inirtli tiflytwo de;;rees east (N.."ii; !•].) IVom i''iii>i .Vivmi l.ii;hl. It.s HUinmit is covered with dark chemisal, and its llank.s are timliered roiNT ai!i:n.\ i kuit iiou.sk. . % 1 '■■ ::l i \. 1 )il. :% '"' I I'-ifl Tic iirojectioii of Poi4it An'iia foi' three hundred and titty yards averi^t's one hundred yards HI I'll iilili, and the l.i^;ht house stands (uie hundred and se\ ciity ti\ c .\aids from the extremity. I!iil -"IT i.. the Irii.-tum of a cone, one hundicd Icel in heiuht, luiill of luick and whitewashed. Hir ill (it the lantern, the ^tallery. Iialnstrade, and hand are painted black. The illiiminatiii^t ,i|'|iii iiiis is of the tirst order of the system of l''resm'l. was lirst ( xhiliitcd .May I, ISTli, and shows r.iiiii Miiiset to sunrise Aji-rt'd irhitr liijlif throughout the horizon. 'I'he Imsc of the towi'i- is tifty- .si\ tc. 1 ,iliii\f the mean level of the sea, and the focal plane of the li^lit is one huiidred and lift\- m ^mJ^^jJH I'Aciiif tuAsr I'lLor. six I'fj't iiliiiM' ilic HIM. Ill ravonililc ciiiiilltiitiisiir ilu' iitiMiis|ilici(' tilt" l,i;;lil sIhmiM lie \ isitilc fi n lit'iglit Ill- Ill fiM I :it a i!i-iaiirr nl l-.n null ■<. '.'(I flit at a ili>tati I' l'.i,."i niili's. ;iii iVi'l at ji iliHiaiii'i' III' '.'<>. li mill"*. • 'ill I'l'i't a I a ili^l:: M'.' Ill I !•■■.. IV mII till' siiDlll li.uliKlo lii'lii'i' III 1*111111 ('.ilillllo. If wllliili i|l>l;lliri' I. II It li Vl*lll|l' II 'riirli' i> il l.if;;r, \\lii!i' sloiii' liwilliliu Um;iI\ \;iiiU shiiIImmxI hI' iIh' I.i«IiI Iiiiiim', iiiiiI 111111 limiilii'il :iiiil lillv ,\ai(|>i M>iitlnMNl«;iiil iilnii;,' llif ilill i- a \\ iiiiliiiill iiinl l.iiiU I'nr siipplx iny w;iii 1 til till- .strain l'i>;i si;;iial ai>|iaialii-*. 'I'lii' i;i'iiy;taiiliiiMi iitisiliiin <'\' tin' l.i;,'lii Ihhim'. a> ilrli'iiiniii'tl In iln' 1. .s. ( nasi ami t ii-ml I'll. tMlIVl'\. I> l.;;tllllili' II IHHtll. I uiiuili' l-':i II '-'l w.'Ki, I >l. Ill I lull' If Till' iiia;;iii'tir sari iliuii was 17 I-" cast in .laiiiiaiv, 1S,S.'». with a yi-aily iiicicasi' uf o'.t;, I'lif ln'arii aiiil ilisl.lliri'.s III |iliilililirlll iiliirrts 1111111 llli' l.l;illl'liiill>i' ai'i' .is I'nllnws : ruiiil Citlirillii N- I'liiila (inula ('a|M' Ml' mil HI III I 1. 1'.: lit III III >•' 1^ II null ■ N .' ' W. I'liiiii I'liiila Imiila. rmilt Ki'M'.-. I.l;:lll llii||> lliiili'Ha llrail \. ;i. W. >. .Ml r. .<. l.'Jt 1; '■';i( ipiili't. .s:.^ null's. I'li'i null's. .'i| null's. %i,-yfr< Am s Fiiii '•"liiN \l. \ I I'lilN I AI.'KN \. Si'Vt'iitN yanls iiniili scvciitv twiMlcttfccs wi'st (\. T'J W.) t'luiii Hit' Iii;;lit 'miisi' is a low. li;;lit liiilV niliiii'il liiiililiiij; lui' till- tii^;' siju'iial. 'I'lir a|'|iaialiis is a t«i'h i- iiirli sli-aiii w liistli- ;;Imiu hhlsls III' Jiff siriiiiiis with iiitirrals n/ tiniltjl lirr snoilils illllill;; lllirk ai.il \'i>ii'j:\ W I'.lllli'r. Ilii^^lit ainl lia.v. Tin' •• liliiwiinli' ■■ Ill's lilt ui'iii iliis liiiililiiii: ami llir I'Nlii'Miits 111' till' |iiiiiii. This is a y:ii',ii hull' tliiM V .\ arils in I'Mi'iit, ami niiimrtril " illi t In' si'a li\ an ari'li. I '1 till I .Viriia is I'liiisiili'iril iiiir i if till' iiiiisi lira lit 1 1 ill i'\am|ilrs of tin' ciiast triiari's ur |llal^:lll^ si'iil|itiiii'il liv till' ai'liiiii III' ii'i'. Thr sii' iiilii'.iliiiii is aliiiosi pi r|ii'iiilii'iilai'. .mil rxhiliits ihi' M'i> ja;;}i('(l fiinilitiiiii of till' clill .iml Inw watii IrM-l aiisiny; rriuii lIu- ai'lion of wati'i' ami ui'.iiIh 1. This ]ioint is a Jul 1 i 11^ mil 1111111 llii' inuiiiilain rliain u hi'ii' tlii' ruast inakt's a slii;lii clian;;!' uf ihnr • ion. ami llii' ti'irai'i' t'orniiiij;' tin- poitil is aliont loily lii'l jiiiovr tlu' si-a iiiiil cnvi'ii'il wiili ,1 \i i\ thill stiatiiiii III' siii I'm' a ilislaiiri' of hall' a niilr thr Coast ami (li'oili'tir Siii'vcv nirasiin liasi'liiii' Willi ililliii'iii r li'Vil 111' oiilv l«o I'i'i'l. wiiili' till' saim- li'vrl is inaiiit.iiiii'il I'liill till' plati'aii aliioiiu tlii' pim- tri'i's, Tlii' sin lace nl' llir iim'U apiii'ais in havi' liin'ii alisoliitrly |ilaiiril ol)', ami till' ililli'iriil ili';:ii'i's III' liariliit'ss ol tin' l.iM'is in sii'.itilii'atioii hail no appaiml iii'liii'in 1 upon till- iinrliaiiiral I'ori'i's at wofk.' This It. or till' lii;:li nioliiilains iiiiini'iliiili'lv soiilli, or lliosi' lii'liiiiil it, was lifst sci'ii In Caluillo when hi' uas iliiM'ii oil' the I'oasI in thr lalilmli' of I'm! Koss in Novriiilii'i'. I.")!-: .iinl on thr si'i'oinl \ oyajjc, whrii I''i'i ri'lo was oil' tlii- < '.ilio ili' I'liios ( N'oilliwi'st < 'api') in l.M'J, hi' •• >.i" a iioini forniili;; tlii' rxtii'inily of tin' laml wliii'h liilliril lln- roast to thi' iioi Ihwi'sl." He j^aM- ii'i iiaiiii' to till' point. \'i/.i'aiiii) iloi-s not niriitioii it. ami his fhail has a very stiai^jlit t'oastlini' finin lioilcya to .Mi'iiiloiiiio. A 111 ml lalilmli' 'il" hi' miii's " fnii'sls " on thr rliai t. 'I'lu' appi'ai-iiiii f this ami ollnr p. ills of thi' ni ist, ami I'spi'cially that in I »iuki'"s IJ.iv. imliin'il Sii i'fanris I hakr to lall liii' laml liv I lir ;:i'n(ial iiaiiir of Nrw .Mliioii. whilst the s.iiin' apptarami', ami tin- samlv liiii' lo thi' innt liuai i| of I '01 lit .Vrriia, |pioiii|i|i'>l thr lali'f ."Spanish ii.iv 1 1,'aliirs to ili'M;;nati' il I. a I'l.nla ili' .Viiii.i. a naiiii' ii'laiiii'il liy Naiu'oilviT. This wind' ilill' pmnl ,'i'sts an i'lipiiiy conrrriiiii;; the nnnn'ioiis Capr lllaiiros that air loiiiiil in tlio .Spanish Mna::i"- aiiil I'hart.s ihion^h (li'i'icrs of latitinU'. Calii'iia I'.iii'iio. ill his Coast I'ilol, IT.'U, sa\ s I hat in latiliiilo JC.t.P tin' laml is of iiioi ln'ij;lil, w iih simii' haii' hills hoi-ilt'iinji tlif sra short', wliirli foiin a low point of wliitt' flill's si' 111 (SK. 1 S.),i'li'. II li'i-ai 111"' ilowii to till' watfl. Ili'iifi' till foast tl'i'iiils soul ii'ast mil' iiiiai'tiT sou (' ui^'-' no iiaiiif to III .•alls tl IS point, w liii'li is t'\ ill 'iilh I'oiiil .Xii'iia. Ill Miyni'l Coiistanzo's chart of 1770 In s pniiii I'inila ill' I'l.inamas, i-x iili'iitl\ I'lntn tin' ili'sri ipi ion of Caliri'ia lliii'iio in I7.'il AliiaM'iiis I'll iJii- NtuiJittrNl Cii.'si 1,1' Ai iirnra ai National Ai-ailuiiij III'. Sciitiui's, \Vasliiiif;liii., Ainil, 1- il tin' Mi)iiiii>i'il Ani'ii'iii Sr.i Lrvi'Is. I'api 1,1 lilnr.- 1. W. I'AciKic coANi' rii.itr. ;7:{ nOAHTMNK IJK.TWKI'.N I'OINT AUKNA ANI> (An: Mr.NIHK'INd. 'IIii' const fi'Diii I'liiiii Arciiii iiorlliwiird (■(iiitiniii'M miicli nt' llic sMnif <'li;ir;irfcr nx lliiit from I'.i.d. ,1 Ih'iiil lor foil.v mill's to 'IVn Milf l.'ivcr, licin;; ;;i'ii('riill\ nij;;.'(il, willi liij;li. Imld clills, i„,i i.tril li\ iiiMiimt>niiili> roclts, cut li.V Hiiiall strcaiiiH, aiitl Imckcil liy lorols lisiii;; to inoiiiitiiiii I,,].- . ' two llioiisaiid led elevation williiii two or tliicc miles iVoiii ilic sea. Ndilliwanl oT Ten Mill' i.'iscr the I'liaraelcr of the >liores elianj;cs eiitn|i!elel\ . In ten niili s ill,' I ' lis ;!i\e place to slce|i slopes coming; directly from the nioniit lUl^, and tlii' shores are lior ijiii.', Ks fewer I'oeks. 'I'he coast line retreats in a liend Ihirleen miles to liie ea>tuaiil. and ,i;;am ^riilii illv works out to the west wan I at I'linta (iorda and I 'ape .Mendneimi. A ;;i'eat coast liari ier III ii.iMinlains cominciiecs from alioiit Cape \'i/.caino, jitid coiitiiiiies northwcstwaid tut ape Meiidu riii.i, inl> hiokeii liy short stn-ains from its llaidvs, except north of i'nnta (iorda, w hi le the Maitole IliM I liieaks tliroii;;li. The course of this river to the noith west ward lies parallel with the coast- III!' mil Did.v ti\e miles inside of it, and this <;reat monnlain liaitier stietehes hiiween lliem. I'liliiini.iiinu ill A'/tif/ /'('((/.', a liold monnlain leiichiii^' four thousand two hniiilred and >i\t\ li\t^ lilt eii'valion, and only two ami a half miles frum the .shore. These iniiiint.iiii> will he more jMiii il.iilv referred to hereafter. Ill ilie --iiiii Ijcin half ol the stretch of t'oast fnun I'mnt .\reiia to (',i]n' .Meiiiliuiiio, which i.s ni>i H Miiiiiiitainons as the nortlieni half, and where the forests reach alino^t In tlie >lioie line, the iii.iiiiii.K'tiiii' III Inmlier IS the chief i lid list i,\ ; and there are ininieroiis co\ e.> and aiirlioiaues w hence luiii'ii IS shipped to San I'lancisco and the .soiiiliern coast, and e\en dircit to liiiei;;n ports. Tlui \i-M l> iiailiiiy; to these port.s are j.'eiierally lar>,'er than those freipiciitiiiy the anchora;;es .south of r<>nit Aieiia, although the character of the lamlin;.'s is the same, iinprotected lioiii swell and all HiiiiN except from the northwest. To meet these condilinns, there has spiiiii;; up in the last few \r,ii- a new class of ves>elswitli auxiliary steam eiij;iiies which coiiiliine the cair.vin;;' capacity ol I III I in 1 1 nil ly liimlier schooner with the comparative safety of a .steamer in these open and rocky ji..ii>, I these " steainscliooners," as they are I'alled, trade priiiciially to the pnils miilh of i'l'Mi' Arena. Ac/'/i. — The kel;i alon;,' the coast Irom Point Arena to Point (iorda ;;iows rapidly dm iii.u' the siiiiiMii I, and lielore Octnlier it liecomes very coinpact at the .siiilace, of the water. It is I'oiind in v.iiri as deep as twenty lalhoms. Ill the Slimmer months it ;;rows on sho:il spots as well as in dec)) water, and the heaxy north' .,1'vi swell docs not tearaway much of it; Init during: the winter ;;ales, when the heavy smiiliwest ■iwrll prevails, the laificr part of it is torn adrift; ami whole liehls are soinctimt's swept away. I in|iiiiil;\ the top is torn olV ami the steins cm lie seen under tlio surface of the waiei. I lie two years' ex|ierii'nce of the < 'oast .SiiiAcy steamer inilicated that kelp (iois not iieces- ■•.M!l\ iiaik dan;;ers. In the eaily spring the ves.sel laii thiiiiii:li kelp on the open ceisi, liiiause II t\.i> I'v hli'iil that, except under headlands, the kelp conld not wi'hstand the .'.oiiihwest swell hIii 11 II wa> rooted to rocks that are danjit'iinis to naviiration. ,'* t; lU.TAII.l'.l) DK.SClJIl'TIiiN I iK Till: SlIiiKKS N( H.' 1 II W A 1," I) KKdM I'dlNT AUKNA. lin.riii l:irn\ — 'I'liis is a small slream.mie hiinilrcil xanls in width, openiiii; li.\ a \ cry n.airow- niiiii'ii ■-evin liiindrcd yanis east by noilli half north (P.. liy N. \ N.) from Point Aieiia l,i;:lii liiiii-' : It lomes for two or three miles ihionj:li a low. Ilit \alley. three ipiarlers ot a mile wide. iiiiii|iiiil and bordered by farms. The (iarcia .Mill Hume comes down the left or soiuh siilr ol ihe Viilli'v. Iiriiiyiiiji Ihe Inmbe- se\en miles in the lliime, and at the \ illaue of [''liimesville. .-ne and a li.ill miles from the si'a, the water from the llnme is nlih/eil to piil in motion a .series of rnllris ii|"iii v\ liii'h the lumber is carried up the incline from the valhy to Ihe plateau oiir iinmlred and iwi'iiix feet above, whence it is tidvcn by rail to the .Vn'iia Cove chute. I In sliiirc jiiir northward of tlie (Iarcia itiver is a loii,it coiiliniioiis stretch of low sand beach. li.ir!>iil by sand dunes eifihty led liii;h, drifteil in lines to Ihe sinitheast tor more than half a 'Hill-. I'liis sand beach runs almost exactly north for four and a h.ill miles, lirokeii lliriiii,i;h by I'liii-li and Alder Creeiv.s. Ilrnsh ('nil; is a sma'l stream entering tli(> sea one and three ipiarteis miles noithward of the ''• ' h'iM'r. 'I'he adjacent eonntry i- comparati\i'ly low. M'lif Cnrh is an inconsiderable stream cnterin;; t'le sea three and a half miles from (iarcia liiVii, wiih blulV banks one humiretl ami twelve feet im the .smith and risinj; higher on the north, 1 7.' 1 1 I' (■ 1,S 274 PACIFIC COAST PILOT. where tlu- bliilV roaches two huiulretl feet elevation lnii is Itoitlered liy a saiul heaeli; tlie hij^lu r hills approaeli luMicr the shore. Irish (iiiUlt lies lour and two thirds miles north thiitei'n ane ol teams, it is live and a (piaitiT miles ii.irth ten dej,'iees east (N. in ' I-).; uom I'miii Arena Mj;lit house. The hltilVs to the noitli»e t and to the southeast rise stceidv i'ldiii the wai, • to two hnndred and eif;lit.v feet. The north point of the indentation forms tli" .south point nf Niu Haven Landing:. A i>i'.teh ot kelp l'e.i;iiis otf this plaee in three to eijjht fathoms with sunken ro>!>s and foul ground at the southern end. 'I'lie p.ilch is half a mile i in;; to the nurlliwest. XcirHiinii LtuiiliiKj. — The soiithcrii point ,it' the \erv slij;iil indentation forinin;; this laiidiiiu istheno!!'.! point ol'tlic little eoxc inln whuli iiiipt.v the wat.rsof Mai I'asso ( iiilch. Ii isalmiu one hundred and ei.uhtv feet hi;;li, with i.i^^^cd shore outl'iie, and siirronnded liy roeks I'vlciidiii;; asfaras t\M) hundred vaids outside itst'Xlieniilv. It lies In-f ami a half miles north seven de^icis east (N. 72 K.) I'roin the Ia;;ht house at Point Arena. The next point to the northwest is oiil\ rum- hundred yards distant, and is lionleied liy m'IV many roeks thai reach on? two hundred ami >i\t\ ,\ards to the west Miiitliwest, with oi lieis stieiehinu southward within iwo hundred yaids el the southern point of ilie eove; these latter roeks >liow at low water, 'flie i lilfs on the soutiieasi sidi' of the eove are o\i'r two hundreil feet ahoxe the sea. The north el ill' is one hundred and fori\ lei 1 hi-h. The roeks and the sunken reefs showing; at low tide nearly till this little eove. so that there is a passage way in to tin- landing' not over seventy yards wide Ix'tween the lines of breakers. Wlirn the swell is lieaxy, breakers show aeross tiie whole passage, but leave the watei' moderalil\ smooth at the ehiit<'. The iilaei- is reported sale lor \ esselsof ei;:lity tons, one at a I line. ( )iilsii|e the eiitiaiiee tiiere is a lar;;e moeriiii; beoy. I'roin the liii;li northern baiil ' eliiite has been projeeted sdiitli southeast ward o\-erthe iurl^- for seventy live yards just be.voiid llu' lucakers. .\ vessel lies to six niooiln;; lines binadsidr 1,1 th(> end of the eliiite and headiiiL; out w aids. The iireakers are vi'ry close inside and to tlie wrsi ward ol her. The reel's lie Just inside the line ul breakers lo the east, siuitli, and southwest, iimsl of the locks siiow iiii;' at low tide. It is a daii^eionslodkiiiL; plaee. Ihiihiijiort I.ttiuVnuj. — ^-ix and twolhiicls miles north one decree east (X. 1' Ivi froiii I'mul .Vreiia Liulit is an open, exposed landing:, directly faeiii^; the northwest swell ami wind, wiili |\\m roeks, one Inindied and twenty yards apai f. outside of it. The northern rock lies one Imndreil yards west of the chute, ami the southern one lies uiie hundred and ten yards south of ihc -auic. I'rom the imithciii roi k foul bottom inns in a iiairovv line two liiimlred and se\enl\ yaids to llie noitliwest anion;;' !lii' kelp, wliii'h forms a small patch with from three to ei^ht fathoms ol wahi. South of the .soiitjiern rock is another small jiaich of kelp wMh from se\«'ii to three fallioiiis, with sunken rock-, on the shore side of the field. The cl'ute is built from the liiul, land one hundred \aids inside the top ot the elilfs, ami ]tas.ses o\ 'I the water by tiesiie wi'ik to twn small locks Iviii;; nearly one hnndrid yards iVoin llic shore; tlieiice b_\ the apioii of lliecliiite turned sliaipl,\ to the southward the lUddiice is inn !(■ the \essel moored below close lo ilie rocks, hoiible tracks are laid on the elinte and the cais .in' mo\ ed by wire rope. The fiej^hl wis mostly potatoes; but there is a saw mill one i|Uarier ni a !iiile up the nuji'li haviiiir a capacity of tweiil\ thousand feel of lumber per day. ami about lil'ici 11 vc'ssi is annually load with liimlier. posts, wood, tan bar.». etc. ■ !t is a bad place to lie at. allhou.^;h there are four ;;i)od mooriiiL's. N'essels \ isil it oiil.\ in July, .\ni;list. and Septemliel. aim llicy eliar^i' lii;;liel tlci;;lits tlial I'loin ao,\ other landiii.;;. The plateau above the elilfs 111 lis about half a mile inland, then tie hills ascend rapid I \ liiii Ici 11 hniijireil feet within another liall mile to the Ibrest line, which rses to eighteen hiiiulied ainl twenty live feet a' two miles from the shore. One and a half mih.s norlhwi-stwaril of l!rid;;;epiu t riiiite is A'ci/ /.'//(/r, two hundreil and I' n feel ,ibo\e tin' sea ; and one and a ipiarter miles above lit d ! '.1 11 If I here is a »vii7,i/ /.v/i/, one liiimlii d yaids in cMent ami ninety three feet hi^li. that stands lialf,i mile offshore; it marks llie posilioii of i;ik Crcc'k. two thirds of a mile iiorllnMsl bv lli'(M',. b\ N.) rmni il. There is a small'i rock two huiidred yards to the south of this one. The leiitalhiuii eiiive [>as.se8 close around lie "'^. PACIKIO COA.ST I'll.or. •>7n 75 ,,iiisiili' uf tlii'sd rocks. Tlio {^oognipliiciil imsition of tin- Iiiiycr i.slt't is liititiidc .'!!>'' O.V UK' nditli, i„iiuiiu.i.' |j;p i.-.'oi" wpst. / ih'lf Mx'x l.dtiilliiij is iiiiotluT t'xposftl jilaco wiit-nco arc shipiicd Iiiinlicr, siiiii;;'i's, |ii>sts, tics, 111,, \\iim1, iMii liaik,i'ti'. It is II i lie ami a lialC iiiiirs luiidi ten (li'^iiccs west {N. Id W .; Irdiii I'oiiit Ai.,i l.i;;iil Ikiiisc, and tivcsixliis of a milt- r.\actl\ north of I'',l!. (,'rcck Islci. jiisi inrntioiicd. i:iK I ick t'Mi|iti<>s out oiu'-tliii'd of a niilr soiillicast fi'oiii tin- iandinu, and has a .short sand hcach liitwr.ii hi;;h clilVs. Thno liiiinlri'd ,\aids ontsidc the ln'ach is a ro('l<\ ish t scv chIn Irct iiii;li ,iii(i -MX vards in i'xtcnt. It has live fathoms of walvr (''..sc outsidt^ of it, hut vitv (hinj;t'roiis ^iiiiiiiil inside. .\i tilt' huidinu: a narrow, tn'ojcctin.y: point of tin' clilV stit'lclu-s out (o tlic soulhucst one Inin- ihvil \,i;dsaud is one iiiindic(l and scNcnly seven feet alio\e the sea. T'oilwo hnnilnd and fifty Mild-: iliie southwest aiitl west lie i;reat roeiis, and iinmedialel_\ olV tile sontiieasi |iail of tlie iiiijiil , lie small roel>\ toiis. lielween these two sets of rotdis there is a spaec (if only ei;;lil\live \,i;il-. The elitile iiins iioldiy otf liie evtremity (if the point of eli(V lielween lliese rocks in a sii:ii!.^> est direetion, and is very pom ly pidteeted liytlie held of re 'Us close mi the nortlnvest. I'll, I of the ehnte is one hiimlied and forty feel liom (he clilf o\cr sixleiii feet of water, and I he III lie fat hi;:;' lino lies (ifty \ ards on l side. A mooi iim liiio,\ lies in sexm l.il limns of water two iiiiii.lhil and lorlv yaidssmiih by west half wesi (S, l.y W. \ \\.) imni the end of ihr chute, arid siiiiiliiMsl twi. Ihiros ' .(111 (Si;.:- S.) two hiindied .\aic|.s Irmii llie oii!eiiiiosl ruck. .\ iiother outer iii.iiii iiii: Imoy has lieeii ailded one hundred \.irds lo llii' easiuaid of the loniiei. and two lireast- line liiioys are fastened to the rocks on eilhcr side of the clii;te. ()ii'.\ onevessel loaded here in IsS.l :iiid sex'eii ill ISSU' on aeeonni of the small tleniaiid I'm' I les, etc-. ! i.rie was a eliute one third of a mile noithwest of I ncle Alie's I.aiidiiif;, lint it has lieeii torn il.iuii ;i:id the landing abaiuloned. >iitiiii(i>i)(l Circl; LiiniliHfj. — This ]ilaee is one and a half miles to ihe northwcsl wai I of liiele Alie's L.indinu, and Tiree ipiarters of a mile southeast from ('iille\s Cove. The oiiieniiosl rock .(liii'h mirks i' '- leii and three lil'ths miles north thirteen ami a half degrees west (N. ]'.\\~ \\ ,) lieiii I'niiil Arena Light house. Tlie laia'.lng is not at (ireenwood ( 'reek, w Iik'Ii opens upon the slmie 1.1 leeward of three great rocky islets sticte!' iig out oxer onetlnrd of a mile west li\ south W . Ii\ S.) from a one liiimlred and forty feet high cliiVof the slime, liiit to the iioiihuard of this III I t-lels. The outermost of these three rocky islets is on ' liiiiidred and ei;^li!\ sards long |..i-t .lud west and iiinelv two leet lii^h, with a ]ireeipiloii< face to the north. Its oiitir point lies ^ live M\ilis of a mile so ilh sixt.\ live degrees east (S. ti'i^ j].) t'rmn ("ove Kock at ( 'iitlcv s Covi". I'lir -i\iy yards west of this outer rock tlierc^ are rocks ; lio\e water. These tlirt>e rocky islets and !lie iKitiil iusiile form a lee Jigainst southwct swells. ;iiid ,i long wharf h.is lieeii projeeied from the iii^li I'lilf po'iit over .sever:il low rocks !o the nortli side of the inner islet, which is mic hundred .111(1 twenty seven feel high and uiie hundred and se\ent,s y;iiils in extent. The point Is one hiiii ilieil ;iimI lolly feet high, and the wharf is projecteil Irm.. it in a westerly direction ii\erllie rocks !. >u. mis I he first lligh islet, sweeps under its iiorlh side and then st relehes out to the north, the iliille leaching to ten feet of water, where a vessel would lie liroadside on uitii iicr laad out lo ;lii' wesiw.ird. lliis little basin is no! over two hiimlred and tifiy \ards in cMent. with leu lo twenty feet tif i.ltei .11 il. There is a depth of eighteen feel lielween llie cliiile and I he reef 1\ llig harely t «o liiiiiilieil y.irds to the nmlhucsl of it. Outside of this the depth increases to nine and ten faili- "iiei nil llie line of the islets. Tiie nearest lucdi to the iiorlliv\esl lies nearly si\ liiiiidrcd yards llnill tlie outer islet, iiiiifiir. — In a]iproacliiiig the cov(> from the soiitliwanl a \isilile rock till . yards in extent lies 'II'' tlii;d of a mile smilli twenty '<. Id !■'..' Iroiii the miter poiiit "f the roiky ■>!i'ts iijV (lie Cieeiiwood Chiiie. Ii has tuehe falhmiis close around it on llie nor; h, west, and ^'"illi. hilt ,\/,>urti<'ii/(il iiiiL- lies lilly yards to the west lioilliwest (WNW.). There is a depth of li'ii liillionis close to tliC! easlwaid of the latter ilanger. Till' railroad comes down the ri.nht or nortla in liaiik of (ireeinvood Creek, bringing liimlier lo Iliiscliiite iiad also f(» Cud'evs Cove. SelioonerH with auxiliary steam-i»ower load at thiMireeii- W'Kiil Civek elmte. •ii :H M i . 'M -■6 'f ^A- V i - m !•' ml w;ili ,ilil I III' III! dl' u;r fivl ..I ruck I I well! v -iili'iil (ill'I'llV 111 Mil- i Th llllllillr lIlU'i' :i >lr.ilii I alioill I Mil' I SV( Sllllkc'll Ihr \ i> r.llllMlii uir sill) '>iii ii.ii .iikI .III In 'III' I nil Ivi 'i I'.oliva jiriiiniiii /■/( '■.i\r..i (/ iimI ill' iiiiiii'il I Till .It I.iitli pacific; coast i'ii.mt. J77 si north west (WNW.) tluMi' is iiiiotlii-r fiuiiLrn vock with louitwii IW-t of wiitiT n\w\\ it iiiul tci lallii'iiis to tlie fiistwaril. //,(, inistnujc III the Wild)/. — \'fss('Is can t'litrr this oiittT cdvi' by passing close under (lie, south siili' .il' llic visil>ic nicies which aio Jiisl outside the wcsicrii ton;;nc, canviu^^ ten to >i\ (a!lioins of wiihi lint avoidiii;^ tiic tivofcit xuiikvn rock alrcaily dcs('iihcd as iyin;; in tiic cnliancc. 'I'iic s|iii'c. 1)1' ihr iluiii'h kept o|)cn to tiic west ward of iiortii Ity west (N.l)y \V.) \\ dl cU'ar lliis mcii ■/7/I' jKtssihir to Ihr Clnilis. — N'csscis cntci' IVoin tlic west ward l)ci wccn tin' north si(h' danijcrs ;iimI iIh' sinitli side lcd;;t'. Til is passa;;c is only two iinndicd yards in width and its i;<'ncral direction is iMiiilieast Iiy east (Nl",. liy !•'.), «""ivin;;' ten t'.ilhoins ot'water neail.\ up to IIm- ontcr iidtl clian- I !,iiii\, (Voin which liie clinrcli spire liears nortii one luiolly a chance I'oi' savin;; oi' repairinv' n vessel if she j^ets ashore. The chutes are localed on the west shore of the co\e. They sti'elchoul liomeasl lo soiith- I'.InI IIOMl III llie llieeas'crn laie el the inner one ol the I luce tongues of I. Mid forininu' Ihc western sido liarboi'. W the inner ami siio; ("st clinic lilithes; up I he co\ i- iheie Is a depth of ten feet (if «;iii I, with the three falhoin curve ,sc\ ciily li ve _\ards on i side. The in iddle clinic has Ihirteen I'nl 111' water under it ; the three fathom line is aboiil lifly \ aids onisidc. bill a loin feel sniikcn rmk lies between this cliule aiitl the outer one, and nearer the lorimr. The outer cliiiie has iweiil.N four feet of water under il, and points oiil to the soiilheasi. Ilie ••half w half" between this cove and (oil iivMiod Creek Landing;. Il stretched frmn the one hundred and tliiriy feel clilf over the water III ;lie islet, which is ei^^hty lour fet't above the sea. '\\\f rilliiiir (if riilDj/.i f Vice contains li\ e hundred jicoplc during Ihe biis\ season. Over one illrll coasliii"' \ esscis loail here aiiiiuailv . The saw mill Is localed on :\ lu eiiiht I'.illi'Hiis close lo Ihe (Hiler cil^e. The ten fathom ciir\e is about one ipiarlcr or one Ihii ■! of ,i mile nil nil Mmrc. T' o and a (piarler iiillcs norlhwes Iwaid from ('o\e Ifoek an ii regular Icdue in. ikes iiil li.ilf a mile fioiii Saddle I'oiiil in a soiiihwcsl direclion, wilh an oiihr ilii ".'/'■ if eleven feel. .liiil .111 inni r of lift ecu feel, liav in;; thirteen fat hums bel ween them and ciulil lo leii fallimim hence III Mie Kelp line. There is twenty fathoms immiidi,itcly outside the eleven fool rock, upon winch III' ki ip Is inai ked. This is one of the daliners in approaching;' N.ivaiio Landing; fioin Ihesoiilh- iMshMiid. Saddle Point is a local iiaiiie for a \eiv sli;;lilly jiiltin.u pai! of Ihe clilf, which li.is no |i|iiiimieiicc u halex er oiilside the ;;eiieial shore line. I'hi S'lirtirni l.iniiliiiii is three and a ipiarlcr miles northwest waid a lie i 'le coasi from CiilVev s 'live, .111(1 seven miles soiitheasl ward from Meinlocino <'ii.\ . It I'cars nuiiii I ueiiiy one and a hall ■le-i res west (N. L'M ' \V.), distant foiirlecn miles, from Point Arena Li;;lil house. \iir(uro llniil, a station four Imndred and eiyht feet hij;h, on the iiorilnvesi side of Ihe river mil iiisl ill from the shoie, is in latitude .'{!)' II' I.")" norlh. loii;;iliiile l-.'« IV IS" west, as deter- iiiiiinl liy the C. S. Coast and (b'odctic Survey. file iiiosi proiiijneiil lamlmaiks from Navarro Head noilhward are Coombs liarn with cup . la It 1.1 1 lie Kiver Harbor ; thediaible tank and Komaii Catholic church sinre at Mendocino Cily ; ihe » :. ' ■ i'> m 'btHii:.lkllJ 278 PACinC COAST riLOT. Mr m I diiiiip of trees on tlio north bank of tl?'^ IJoyo Ancliora.m' ; tlic natiinil cono of rocks on tlio south bank of Solcbcrs Uarbdr: tlio Kibi'sillali ibiti'l, ami tlif new watiT-tank aiiovo Wtvstiiort. Tlu' iiiilcntatioi) of tin- eoast-linc at Navarro Kixci' is very small, bnt a^m/c/* o/ >v<(7,-,s abiu.. water St rctflu's out tlircf Immlii'd and lilty \anls soiilliwaiillv irom the point at llic west side oi' tlie river to ten fatlKniis, and Ibrms a soi t of lee. On tlie snnili side of tli" ai'proaelu's there is onh one small {jronp iif mnihrn reels with nine 'Vet of water uimim iliem and marked by a breiker : tin i. is a depth of ten fathoms close aronnd them. This j;ionp lies sonth half cast (S. .\ E.) se\'eii Imn drcd yards iVom the derrick on the end ofthe whai I. ( >n the west side of the approaches lie two oi tlirec rocks above water, the sonthcastemmost bcinn' thicc hnndred and fifty yards .sonth thiri\ (lefjrecs east (S. SO"" K.) from the derrick, ami four Inindied and lifly yards north thirty dc;;ree> west (N. ;UP \V.) from the south breaker. .V dciith of ten l'athoni>of w;itcr is fbuml between these two obstructions. The three talh.ni line is twohnmlred xaidslrom ihcsiion'. The ynnin-i) I^irir is a small stream comiui: in fmm the cast w.ird tliiou;^h ,\ channi-l a! tout oiii hnndred yards wide for the last mile. Tlu' mouth is eoniraeted by a sand jioint, several huiidiiil yarils lonudU the south .--ide. and reach in;r within twenty tiv thirty ya'ds of 'u' north bin If. I'oi merly. at the end of the dry season tln^ iiuiutli s(unctimes became close 1 by the ]ioint of saml reach inji across, but when the winter 'ains licj,'an, the \olumeof water iiir In neccmber. I><77. This (dosme of the river occurred aboat (bur tinu's in ten .\eais; Imm since the Mill ("om|ian.\constructed a sort of winji-dam from the north side of the entrance i.. rinnacle Kock. seventy-live \ards southeast w.ird, the seiuiriui' is ell'ective and th(- river is run stantly open. The wh ail stretches out from the shore Just west of the moeiii of the ii\er in .1 s(mu1isouiIiui>i direction for two hiiiidied and I weiiiy ,\ards to t welve and thiileeii feel of water. It is alioiii twenty feet al)o\e lii,i;li water. Scunelimes in the winlei season the saml washes from the ireaili and round tlie wharf, shoalinj;' the water ; iuit such shoalin.u' is oiil_\ temporary. On either < m m 1 at the extremity of the wharf there is a derrick, from w hicli chutes are suspended o\er I he \ essels while loadiii;;. X'essels are not moored to the wharf, but to moo.-inj^s, so as to lie some disiain e ficmi it. Soiiictimes they are obliged to liaul out at low tide. l"i ft y yards outside (he whait' thi- depth is three fathoms, and thence imreases rapidly to ten fathoms at three hiindiei' and tiii\ yards. Three heavy 1 noiuini: in loys are jpl.K'ed in limn se\ 1 n to ei^ht fallioms K tlilee liniiclred and thirty yards from the end of the wli.iil: ami the .son 1 hern buoy l)e.iis soi::ii twenlythree decrees cast (S. -.'.'' 1'..) distant fouihiindied ;,nd lif.y yards from the same pnim. This laller bmiy lies just northwi st of the kelp jiatcli in tlie southeast |>ai I of the cove. 'I'lie In -i two Ibrm a bridle niooiinj;. N'esseis jjanl out (o either of tiieiii to jjct mid el' vva\ in noiihwrsi winds, but the iioithein one is |pieleiieil. In sonllieasi weather thcystai't from the third liimv Tlieie are live or six smaller iiiooriii;;s inside of these, for breast lines, etc., while l.\inL;- ai IIm whaif. Soinetimes lai;:e vessels complete their caryoes or are loaded alto!,'elher at the mooiiiii.- from li-hteis w Inch come out of the river, directly from the mill, al lii.;;h tide. The mill is Inc.iti il oiieipiaiter of a niih' from the mouth of Ihe river, and the lumber is moved to the end oi' tin wharf over a tramway. F(U' small coasting' schooners familiar with the details of the i)lace, tins is a iiioder; lllcl tel\ -iioi summer auchorajje, as the oiitlyin;^- roc;ks },'ive some )Uoleelion troiii the mirllivvest sui II. On tin ajiproach of southeast weather, vessels put to sea if possible. alIliou;,di I On an avc'ra;;e lifly vessels load here dnrini; liie \eai and larrv a 11- iiioiu'iny;.- are 11 vva \ .ihoiit SIN million In t of luniliei. 'Ihe mill shuts down about November, but the stock on hand employs vessels all tin year in uood weather. OtT Navarro Head the ten fathom line lies close under the roekv islets aloii.i: theclills; il,i tvventv fathom line is only fcair hundred and fitly vards olf and tin; (Iftyfathom line two miles olf sluue. hore; the t hill v fathom line luir in Loy;s, and any material carried seaward from the Navarro Kiver. are found to the nort mi si ward, moved thither liv the iiishme eddvc urrent. The rilltnir ,,/ Xiiriirri) lies a ipiarter of a mile inside (he moiKh of (he river, 011 II le sout II el left bank, and a tiiie truss bridge is built across the river licre to accomimidate the ord aarv I iii'l (ravel. The postonice and several other buildiiifjs are on the rid;;i! on the north side of the river, and known as Navario Kidjre. «aii /■' li:: lllll I a II' III 1 liiea sill. is<', Ul- I IMi ! .'in PACIFIC COAST PILOT. 279 -? m W hUeshoro. — Tliis is the liuidii);, Ibrmorly known as Salmon Crock, This sfroinn opens at tlio li, .111 "{' a small cove Cat'ln;,' (liri'ctl.v to tli« west-iioitliwcst about one and a iialf miles iioit invest- wiHJ ailing' tlio eiiast iVom Navaiio Kiver, and nearly a mile soiilli of llie All)iiMi Uiver. Salmon i,.''iil IS the tieeh'ss elill', one hundred and li\e to two hue.lred feel hij;li, wlieie tlie eoasllino liiiiis Miildenly to the east lor one (inailer of a mile to the moutli of tlie ereejv. From tlie i)oint a iliiniicMiiis reef si ret elies four hundred ami twenl\ live yards to the west norlli\vi'.>|,>,villi I wo patches III \ I'-ililc roi'lis. The slioi'c insi(h> the j..iinl consists of rocky clills, lioidered liy low ro< ks anil orio Mii.ill KM ky islet forty-one feet hij;h. From the hlnlfs on the west shore, the land liscs to a hare. Ijilliii k, I'linr hniidied and lil'teen feet \\\'^\\, one mile southeast of llie point, with low tiees lo the iitntliucst. The north point ol' the cove, one hnndretl and sevcniy aine feet hiuli, is two thirds of ii Ml !r liistant from Salmon I'o.nt, and forms Hie soiilheasi point of ihc Alhioii I'ivcr. The iiead of ilie cove is sevt'ii hundred yaids eastiKUlheast from the point, and is only two hiiiidn il yards lii'iMii iMirlh and south. The approaches arc marked liy lines of lircakcis on tlie iioitii and south .silks. The outer liieakers ai,- ' hreeipiarters of a in ih' from the wharf, and the ;;cncral conr.^e in is < .1-1 southeast (FSF.). I'licre is a sand beach at the heail of Whilesboio ('o\e with rocky slioie to the iiorlh noith- woi. .\ciiiss this bcai-li is built a wharf one hundred and si\ly yards Imin' and widening' to l\Miii\ ,\aids at the outer end, « iiere it is lliiii\ feel above lii;:li water. Three derricks are ciiriiil at the end of the wharf, and from each i; cliil.e is suspeiided to carry the liiiiiber to tlio \cs>i 1- wliiie loading;. There is a depth of twelve feet at the end of the wharf and under the, cjiiili >. Three heavy iiioorin;;buo\s are ilaced in three to fnt' faliioius nearly across the cove. nliiiii' iiiiiih of the sontheru point of the mainland, and inside the sunken rocks, w Inch arc \ isible al ixiiiiiie low tide and lie under the south shore. Outside of these bno>s, and between the outer iimtli and s(Uilh breakers that show in heavy weather, is laid a heavy mooiiny; buoy in nine t'ailii)i:is. beariiif; aiiont west by north half noith (\V. Ity N. \ .\.) from the wharf. Ii lies about tvMi liiilis of a mile III a ;^eiicral north northwest dire(Mi(Ui for two-thirds of a mile, forming; the south point of li II' iiiliaiire to .Mb li i\ er ( 'ove, \\ liilcsliiiro Tove is reported to be a fair summer anclioia;;c, and il is sail 1 tol le (Hie of th(^ lii^' \' ie;er ancli(ua;4es because a vessel can lea\eii with a southerl\ wind if the water is smooth, iir «\ i! Il the laiul brcc/e w Inch is said to be Ircijiicnt in winter. One liiiiidrcd and tliiit.\ \esseis li.n I' lii.iiled liei'i^ in out- year. The Inniber comes bv rail Irotn two mills: one about (Uieipiarter 111' .1 nile from the wharf, and a smaller one about ei;;hl miles further up llii^ streani. The (•iia.--iiii.y: steamer makes i('i,'iilar trips lo this place. I'lie l.ititude of SalriKUi l''iiiit is .'ill ^ 1:2' 17". Two mites outside the iioini the depth of water it, iiii>\ ci;^ht fathoms, and a I om^ mile il is thii'U lour fathoms. 1 ,'/>/i. /•• (•(■»■. — Two miles n.u tli'iiorthwesi of Navarro Head, and sixteen and a half miles iiHiil iiiiiiliwcsl (NN'W.) iroiii I'oiiil .\reiia, is the rock bound cove al the entrance to ilie .Mliimi file I i\ (T is a small sin am, avciajiiii}; on d \ards in width hu' a mile or t wi liiiwiiii sleep banks rniiiiiii;,' ii) lo three hundred In I and moderately well wooded. It iivvcr licciHiics dry at the mout h, but has only eighteen inches of water on the bar a I the lowest sta ;t'S. I lie iiniiiediale eoast-iiiie is formed of hijjh elilVs, broken aivi irrcjiidar, bare of trees for half a mile li.nk, and bordered by inniimeralile rocks. The south poiiit "f the apiuoaches is the in)rlli liiMiil iif S.ilmon Cieek Cove; it is one liiindrcd iuid .sevcnty-nin .'el lii^;li, bare oi' trees, ami i;iiaiiliil by an ouHxin^ r<'ef with visible rocks for four hundred and forty yards to the westward. Tlie iiiiitliwest iioint is a locky islet ei;jlity feet hi;;li, close oil' a point of t lie same ele\ al ion ; both .nv il II and treeless. The outer e.xti'emity of the northern islet bears north foil.\ live de;riees west !.V. Il \\'.) ei;;lit hiindiccl yards from the siuithern point. The cove is about >i\ linndied yards null I rtweeii the nearest projcetioiis of the points, and coiitiacts looiie hnudred and tliirlv yards "iir i|ii.iiiir of a mile I'nither in, wheie there is a slight expansion forniin;;- a small basin about twt» liiiiiilncl and twenty yards in diameter, with clilVs one iinndied and liftv feet iii-li oa the north ■Mill soiitii, and a low |ioint ai the month of the liver on the east. The S(Miiidint;s in this outer :iiiiliniay;e are seven to eif,'lil fathoms over irre^jular bottom. The ehannel is close under the iiiiiili rocks, as llieie is shoal y:round efl' the south point. The leadin.u-in raiiye to clear the IniaKeisiin the north point and the shoal j;round olf the .south iioint, is I'innaele Kock in ran^o '''■ 4 J'ACKIC COAST riLOT. \vitli (lie saw iiiill sinokf .sliU'U. riiuuu'lc Hock is alioiit Iwi'iity ffct lii;;li iiiid lies clo.sc iimii i the son III .slioroof the enve a little «iiitsi«le (if the inontli of t lie river. It is readily tlistiiiy;iiislie(l. At till' lliinat leailiiiu in to the inner cove there is a loeky islet known as the Miioiiii^' l.'oeU, li on the iKiiili side, aiiinnd which a niooiint; I'liain is passed. Schooners entciclnse PACIFIC COAST ril.OT. 2K1 I'miii till' north limit of tliu siviul licacli iit tlu' licad nl tlic covo, wlicrc tlic diflf' is sixt.v (fct lii. Ii. a clmli' lias Iwon thrown out sixty yards In i- southwrsl liy sonth (lin<'tion; and one liiin- iliiil vards wc-stsontliwost from tlu' ciiiiti' tliiTc is piact'd a nioorinfi-lnioy in four faliiorns of water. |',ii: mastiti}; si'lioont-rs must warj* out I'rom this Inioy to tlic outside visible rock, usin;; a line of Ihi., Inindred and tifty fathoms, and carry water from four to six fathoms; or they are towed ,,ii! ii\ the tuj; from Albion iJlver. Ilie elinte was out of epair in 1SS,'{, ami (Uily two vessels loaded there in 1SS2 and none in |N> ;. It was not amou}; tne aetivo landings in ISSo. Tim forests aecessible to the eovu are almost (■\li Misted. riic outer visible rock olV the cove is in latitude .'(!)"' 1 1' 'SV. 1 he depth of water outside tiie cove is ten fathoms with irrcjfular bottom at half a mile; ih i:\ tour fathoms at oiiemilo, rejjular bottom ; forty six fathoms at two miles, character of bottom lirl -lilted. Slillinll I'oiiit is a bold, pointed clilV, one hundred and ninety feet liiKli, one mile r.orthward nt I'.i;: (iideh and one and oiu^ciuarter miles southward of LitMe Ifiver Ilaibcu-. It h is a rocky i>lii. two liundied and tifty by eleven hiimlred yards in exleiil and one hundred ami forty feet liiL;li, close on its northwest side, I'ullii/ AVf;/' is the name given to some sunken rocks with breakers lying off Stillwell Point. I'liiiii ilie extremity of the rocky islet olf the point, the soiithwes, breaker lies very nearly half a iMilc -.iiiit'i thirty four degrees we-st (S. liV^ W.) ; and the northern ;>ne, with six feet of water on ii. In- \ery nearly half a mile south seventy-four degrees west (S. 7»^ W .) from the .same point. I'diii liiiiidred yards inside of the northern breaker, lies another bieaki-r with tour to nine feet of vMilii. lietweeii these three breakers, and on the shore side of theiii, there is plenty of water; si\tii to fifteen fathoms close to tlit^ two outer ones, and ten fathoiii> near the inner one. The iiiiiii iiieaUers are on the general line of the twcntyt'atliom curve. A< one mile fioin the [)oinL till' ili'ptli of water is thirty-five fathoins, and at two miles forty nine fathoms. file latitude of the rocky islet olV Stillwell I'oint Is ,i!»J \:>' PJ" nortli. I.illlc Rircr Harbor. — This cove is formed by the shore line from the south making out nearly iiiill ,1 mile to the west-southwest (\VS\V.), and then continuing itsgc'ieial trend to the iKU'th- Westward. The western point of this indentation of liie coast line lies two miles -ionth of .Mendo- liiiiv Hay, and iiiiieteeii and one-tpiarter miles north twenty-live degrees west (X. i',")^ \V.) from I'lDiil Arena Lighthouse. I'lilweeii Navarro Head, four miles to the southward, and this place, the high, jagged coast- line i> hoidered by numerous rocks above water and by some sunken rocks over half a mile off slimc Onehalf mile west of the .southwest point of Salmon ("reek Cove lies one sucl danger (SIC .Siiliiion Creek Cove or Whitesboro) ; and one and a half miles soiiili souiheasi (SSi;.| Irom liif «est point of Little Kiver Harbor, or south tifty (h'grees west (ii. T)!!' \V.) nine hiii.died and seventy yards, and south seventy-four degrt-es west (S. 71 ' \V.) nine hundred yanls from Stillwell I'lMiil. he the tiro sunhru nwkn, over half a mile from .shore, forming part of Colby b'tcf. Coasting Vessels, lioniid for Little Kiver Harbor orelsewhere in this \icinity and woiking northward against tlie siiiiiiner winds, must keej* a sharp lookout for these outlying dang"'N, especially in thick ami iii;;t:y weather. At Little Hiicr Harbor the north shore is bluff, very irregular, broken, ami bordered by riieli>; its genera! treiitl is nearly east northeast and uest-southwest lor about ei;;lii imiidred ,\.uils. The eastern shore is bordered by a sand bcac'.i '.or one third of a mile, and a small stiearii el.iii> tlirough this beach. Previous to the erction of ;he mill at tiiis place, the nmiith of the rnei dosed in the dry season ; but the .Mill Company built a tidal reservoir alxuil three hnndretl y.ml- Horn the mouth of the stream, and by o;casionally opening the gates the ciiannel over the li;i: IS kept dear. The river is about one hundred yards witle for five hundred yards. On either siili' nt this beach the bluffs lise to about sixty feet elevation. fill' northwest clifJis only sixty to one limidred feet above the sea. and the mesa behind it is tin le>s tor more than half a mile insiiore, when tlie land begins to rise and the ridge is pine cov- en il. The clifV« are bordered by a compact line of visibh- rocks, reaching out seventy live yards ; lii;t 111 outer rock, small in exteni, lies three hundred ,\aids .southward from the point, witii a |"ii.i' 11 I field of kelp extending from the northern .shoie toembiace this rock. This rock is visible ^it iill times, but the seas wash over it. Breakers marking sunken rocks extend seventy-live yards (mtsidc of this rock. -i!:' if h i^ I :^»Jl -ft ^ tm W{ \ . 1 .■' 2H2 PACIFIC COAST ril.oT. >^ i f Tlio .soiitlioasti'rmnost part of the cove has lii;;li liliilV slioros with a hcacli exposed al l.m water and outl.viii}; roeks to the six-feet eiiive. The cove is inotected fimii the \vesii'il\ mni siintli\ve.-»t('ri.v swell iiiaiidy liy an ('xteiided line of low rocks above water, reacliin;; mailv liuli a mill' t'ldiii the eastern shore, and rou;;hl.\ paiallel with the northern sImuc. 'I'liis line ol n <'K.s obstrni'is the jiassaj;*' into the cove, and is endiraeed ii.v a liehlolkeip wiiieh reaches fusiuaiil over ei^;iit latliorns ol water to a lai-;,'e rocky islet, two hundreil and forty \aiils in extent iiinl more llian sixty teet hi;;h. lyin;;' nearly three hnndred yards sonlhwest tioni tlie sonthern poim ,,\ the cove. The sontiiwestern point of tiiis re.f is fonr inindred and si'Venty yards south lili\ dej;rees east (S. olP 10.) IVoni the outermost rock otf the northwest point of the cove, ainl ii iioiihern extit'inity is six hundred yards north liftyseveii derives ea.st (N. .">7^ I).) from the s.iin. point, thus almost (iM-rlappinn the rocks reachin;; out trom the northwest point. r>et ween this southern tield of kelp and the one surronialinj; the rocks otf the northwest |m>iii| is the passMjic wa.\ to the cove. The width at the outer entrance is nearl.v four hundred \, ml- hetweeii the three-fathom liiu's. and two hundred yards lu'twecn the ten t'athoMi lines, with sixteen fathoiiis of water in the dee|ic>t part. This passa;;i'-way has a j^cneial direction iiorth-nortlicMNt (NNIC.) to the sixty-feet elitf from the noitheast side of which projects the northwest chute. ;iii<| which forms the inner northwest |ioint of the harbor. The suinmcr w inds are fair for eiiterin;; aij'VeiiI\ live vaitls south fiom the same point. The co\e is repiuled to be a ;.;()od anehoraj;e in any wind from southeast round by the souili and west to norlhwest. ;ind lour vessels can lie at the niooi iiius in a sl(Min ; the dan;;er is in eiiiei iii;^ and lea\iiiu. The covt' is open only to the south southwest, with the lines of rocks on Imili .«ides out lo the entrance, which has plenty of water as iibovc described. Nessels must ker-i clo.se nmlei the northwestern shore with a northwest wind, avoiding' the sunken rocks iiieiitil abo\ 1'. Till re ate t \M> chutes and a wharf in this co\e. The wliarl is one huinlrcd and ten .\,iiiN liMii;, widened at t he oilier end, and is built out in a >oiilh southwest direction from the ehll mi the northwest side of the sand beach at the mouth of Ilu- river. There is a depth of ten leei ni water at its outer end and a ;^ood liejich on each side of it. The outer end of the w Inirf is distini one huiidied and titty yards fnmi the eiul of the northwest chute, with a depth ot about liiueii feet of water between them. I'roin the eastern aii};le of thi' sixty feet elitf Ibrmiii;; the we>iein side ■if the inner part ol' the cove the northwest chute has been projected towards the eastnoitlieasi o\er sixteen feet of water with tbiir fathoms close outside. .\ vessel lies broadside on to this elinie, heailiii- Miiitliwaid, and moored by six liic's. In the southeast part of the cove, lour liiiihlii.l and seventy live ,\ards south sixty six dej;rees east (S. (!ti I',.) from the northwest chute, ilieie <- a new chute, sixty \anls outside the toily feet elill and pointing towards tin- northwest chute, v\ it li rocks not tar distant on either hand. There is twelve feet ol water under this chute. V broadside to il, heauliij; to the .south. The stern-line is carried to a chain fastened the elitf. essels lie lo a \\'r on There are now six iiiooiiiifx-biioys lyiiij; in from four to tive fathoms of water soiiilieasi In the iiortliwest ehute and inside the kelp lield. The farthest is unuc than half-way loua .southeast chute, but somewhat to the westward of the line. |.|- lln In h avinu this :inehora;;e vessels must be sure before startin;; that there is wind eiioii:;li d carry them out beyond the rocks. It frecpieiitly dies out under the north head, and ve.ss( K ai'' iti daii;:ei of diil'iia;^ on the rocks smith of it, 'I'he twenivlathom line of soiiiidin;:s lies luilv two hnndred and liflv \ aids oiitsidi- II lield olf Liilje lliver Hal MU'. At one mile westward of tlie outer rock otf the niuili lnai I. Ih. ■pth ot waler IS tbrl.v two fathoms, and al two miles it is liltv-two fatlnuns. The biiiiber loaded here is cut at the mill on the scuitli side of the Fiittle |{iver, and tiom .second mill in .Slidwell (inlch, whence it is broii-lit by tramway to the southeast cliiil<'. I'" mills run onlv m siii i-r, Imt ves.sels load al all seasons. On an averajje fifty ves.sels loail Inn iiiinually. The (oaslin^r .steamers make lemilar trips to this place. m I'ACIKIC COAST PILOT. 283 MENDOCINO BAY. ,\ l)roa,v Ki'<'at nmnlKTS of low locks, is ttiily forty to sixty feet lii;;li. 'I'lic foii'sl hc^jins a iiiilr iiioic lliati half .1 inilc insiiic tlii' short' and at two iinndrcd ft-i't above the sea. The hills iJM' ri';;iiliiil.\ behind this to one thousand and sixty two feet devatioii at (ireat raspar Station, «lii(!i is liMir miles iniitlieast (NIO.) IVom the town of MeiHlociiu). Tlic iinithwest jioint of Mendocino May lies twenty ont^ miles north twenty-tive de;;rt'es west (N.L'">' \N.) from Point Arena Li;;ht house anti four and onetiinirter miles in)rtliwestward from Ali'iiiii l'i\t'i-. It is an iri'i'^iular, broken elitV, about sixty feet hi;;h, bonleied by numerous rocks. Tlir whole area of the point is about half a mile iu>rtliwest and soutbeast, and extends eastwaid iiiMilv a mile to the forest. Tiic south point of the b ly lies ono thousand and titty yards south tliirty-threo degrees east (S. .i P 1;.) from the northwest point. It is a ra;,';;ed, irre;:ular elitV, about one liuncbed feet high, liiHil'icd liy many low rocks, with a short reef extending;' one hundred and tiftv yards towards the iKUiliwcst point. There are lu) large trees upon it, but some siTult on the northern part. Within tliK r hundred yards baek from the point it rises into a knoll one huiulred and tifly six feet abovo The bay is about half a mile deep towards the oast from the line Joining the approaches ontsido ihc iioithwest ami .southeast points. The eastern sln)re is rocky, with high clitls clothed with (■iiii-idiTable wood. The h'io (h(in\ holtoiii. Ibit a shoal spot, with only eight fet'Lof water upon it, will be fomnl Just inside III.' iioiihcrn point when the southernmost edge of the bliitf bears southwest by west (SW. by \N'.), lli^•alll one hundred and twentytive yards; ami the (uiter end of tho neare.st chute bears 1101 ill- VW-; \>\ west (NW. by \V.), distant al>oiit sixly yards. Close around this eight foot spot there is ii\ii three fathoms, except for a short distance towards the chute. Tlironghont the bay the bottom is hard, and in places rocky, but the depth of water is good, laii^iii'.; I'roiu three fathoms close under the shores, except at the month of the river, to twelve I illniiiis across the l)ay in the line of the three and a half I'atiiiMii breaker. Outside the heads the till latliiiin curve lies only one hundred yards off the north rocks, and one linndred and titty ,\iirds • ■ll ihc south rocks; the twenty latlioin curve is less than half a mile otf shore. I'^veii at twenty tatliiiiiis the liottoin is hard sand and rocky. 'Ml,, mile outside the ba\ the dciith is thirty six fathoms, and at two miles it is tifty three raiLniiis. The increase tVoin twenty-live fathoms is ipiite regular. ■fhi' place is quite readily made out by the luge village facing the north put of the bay; and I'Mii III coming from the northwest along the coast the clinrch spire and higher buildings iue seen and gradually decreasing the distance to one hundred yards Just otf the .south end of till- 1101 III point in six fathoms of water; hence they run on about one hundred and lifty yards past 'lie )i(iiiit to the tirst of the three biuns in seven and a half fathoms. It is not a comfortable ■ \\ lu'ii .MfiHliiiiiic) \Mi^ lii'MiiiiK ('list s(iiitlii'ii>l (listiiiil M\ III- Mi'Vi'ii mill's, little or iintliin;,' cimlil lio sci'ti of tin) ti'ttii . \rM|it a < liMIili-stvi'iilc ; liiO to till- iiortlinaiil, auil ilinlil tlin tires, wlirii llie elinieli liears east ilistaiit live Hill' -, ii II nil llie ii;;lit-liuii li> Ii, to in sitnlliei'ly weallier. Approaeliiny vessels nre notilleil by sljjiials I'roni sliore as In the stale of the li.iihur. IT ii i> roiij;ii, or there is nmiii for no inoi'e vessels, the Ha;; at hail' mast intliiales thai the la^l emmi- iMiist Slav out and wail their tnrn. If (he lla;; is at the niasi head the \essel nia,\ einni' in. There were three elinles ('((iistrneletl from the iMirlheasi face of the norl hern head, and iiin out to ei;;hleen, rmirteeii, and thirleen feel of water, liiil llie inner one has Iteen aliaiidoned aiiii taken down. A \essel drawin;:, loaded, seventeen feel I'an lie al I he oiiier oi' .-•onl'ieaslern eliiiii . and drawing; ten feet at the inner. Deepi'r vessels are loaded from liulilers. In snnimer, \e>M'l. of six hnmlred ioei;;ht hundred tons load here ; in winiii, vessels of two hundred to'' only should eoiiie. Tlie.N eaii heat out in moderate southeast weather. t)ne lar;;e wharf was liiiill out from the lilnlf towards the nioulh of the rixcr over a loek ainl reaeliiut; into sivenleen feel of water, liiil it has lieen enl irely w.islied away. The eoaslin.; stciiiin which ealls here re;;ularly lies at the un orin;;s and ]iassen;;ers are landed in Imals al one of tin eliuies; frei;;lit is disehar;;ed in li;;hlers and hoisted by a swin;;iM,u derrieU toaplaiiorm Imili out from ihe top of the clilV lielweeii the two elinles. The iiiooiin.us here are laid in a somewhat iiitiieate inauner, ami a stran^^cr eomli:;; in .lU'l droppiu;: aiielior annm;; the buo\s is liable to foul it aniiui;; Ihe heav,\ ;;roiind ehains. A \i's>el should aneiior to leeward of all the buoys and then run a line to some one and warp into pcisjtioii. There are two principal mo(iriii;;cli.iin-i nearly paralhd to each other siretclied aiioui sonlhwcsi and iiorllieasi, ami l,\in;; to the soulhe.isi of the northwest jioinl. Thcic aic no buo,\ s o\ cr the heavy ;;i'(iuiid chains proper, but short chains are altached at intervals Iherelo, and the land fcii daily, but is shut dow n in the winter season. It is built on the ri;;hL baid; of the i i\ er, half a mile in>ide its month, and the lumber is biou;;ht to thi' chutes on tramways. Vessels loail at the chiilo and in winter soinetiiues from Ii;;liters. The Hveray;e number of vessels loaded here eacji Ncai i-- abont .seventy. Some coastini; schooners have been built in the river and brou;;lit out al lii;;h water. ■l'lii> harbor is known to many of the <'oasters as Mi;; Itivcr Lamliii;;. The \ iila;;(' at this place was forinerly called Mci^i^isville. bnl is now known as Mi iKhiriim i <' . It is a p)od si/.cd and thrivin;; town and has re;;nl.ir com mimical ion with San I'r.incisco .iml oili< i coasiiim ports by steamer. 'I'lie secondary astrononiieal station of the l'. S. ("oast and (ieodctii' Survey is on the noitli head at the neck, and it has been preserved and marked with a copper plate by the Meiiilociiin Liiiiiber ('oiii)iaiiy. Its j;eograpliieal position is: l.aliliuli' :i'.r IS I,-,' .;i ii„rtli. l.ciii^iiiiiU' I'.M I- ;ii ..■> wint. < ii. ill liiiif si' l.'i" II".:!. The iiia;;nelic variation was 17^ '_'(>' east in .lannaiy, ISs."), and increases about (l.'S aiiiiii;i!l> liuHsian (iulcli. — From the outer part of the iioilhwcsl head of Mendocino l!ay thecoma ;. Point Cabiillo is norlliwest by north (XW. b\ N.), and Ihe distance three niile>. Tuo ihiiil> n mile north of the ^b'lidociiio Mead the shore relreats sharjily omt half a mile to the nm IIum.^I. > then coiiiiiincs rou;;lily to the northwest. A Ion;; line of rocky islets ami sunken reef sin trt. half a mile northwest by west (N\V. by W.) from the lirst |point of tnrniii;;. In the above ilni' mile stretch of shore, and one and a half miles south of Point Cabiillo, there is a smaller f sharper iiidentatioii at tint mouth of a small stream eoniin;; throu;;h the liussian (iiihli. I ' entrance to this cove is two hundred and sixty yards wide; and tuie pocket makes to ilic ■ and anothci to the northeast. The stream empties into the latter. On the chart there is 1, il down a siiiil.ni »■<»(■/, outside and a little to the north of the middle of the entjance. Ii ei;;hteen feet of water upon it, and live fathoms on the inside and ten fathoms on llieoiii- The shoics of both coves are broken elitl's, sixty to ei;;lity feel hi;;h, bonlered with i ■ i From the sixty teet clill' on the .south .side of the northeast pocket there i.s constructed a rh ■. 1^ -i:' 1(1. > li.' 1 l^ ICI - inn mill nil . iiiilil iiiiil iini'i ■ 111.' liiiill mill I'SM'l hull, wol r llir ii,\ ;i! I' IIk' lliilli> ;s ;iir null- llllirs iiilii'i ! -I^ji-- liill'. ■'' it ■ ■ ',::! 1 1- ■**.^ 32:JTI?'^^=J:- X''. '■'I'r; V it.' .•V,,. Wbitu mark and flag. (,'UNpi .uyj Kivpr, E.SE., 5 miles. Point { '■ .. ^-..^.^. I'liint Arena Liglit-honwi, HE. i K., 7 miI««H. T!xl.t!_ ^y.>r\ r*^-*.;^ £2,TiiL J^liEI^. (.'uNpiir Creek, E. i N., U luilea. ■'■«-. Is?"- ' " ■! ! ! g f lil-VL ! " *' L I -^ I . ' ■ ■■ ' T ' "" -*■- Point Cftbrillo. Mill ill Alliioii Kivcr. NdViirni lleuil, .SK. i K,, Ifi iiiileH. (' ll k I ■'V ' ■<>■•■ A^ .. .,, 1--^ f-tt ■v-i.t XI A i=4!=stS."J«bfe nt ArptiB Liglit-honoo, SR. ^ E., 7 iiiilf., t"l'i imn ^' ■im ITi iiii!«H. ■i. i. '. I' ii I. lifi'i ^ ■•■ii the iiorlli kjiIc of tlu' siiiiic pockt't. This pocki't, ii i^ochI iiriclioraj;o with fair Miiioi iiii;s. 'lilt' tlircf rath.im line of s(tmi(linj;s rcarhes inlii this inner euve, and elose to the NiM;,lieiii ehnte. Small sidiooiiers an^ said to have rittden out sontheasters here; if so, the swell Mill ,1 lie liroK'.'ii l.y Ih and icef streteliiii;; northwestward Cnpii' t'le Mendocino I!av Head. The twenty t'athom iMir\e lies less than hall' a mile fioin the norlh iioint of tiie entraiu'e, and ;|i(iiM>ih i.ieivases to thirty seven tathom.- at one niih- from shore ami to fi'tytliree Ciitliomsal I wo miles. file timlier in the vicinity has heen all cut a.vay and the two chutes iiave lieeii ahiiiidoncd ]'r m !|.l|'H ■|;:| . ;! j f * .1 1 a t ilie latitude of tlu^ north point of thi' entTanee to Russian (liilch is ,'!!• ' lit' LJl" north. POINT CABRILLO. 'filis is the first iioint made 'lorlhwestward of Point Aieini, from whiirh it lies n()rtli twenty- si\ ili;^rees west (N. L'lP W.) distant •■'..•nty tour miles. If presents the appearance of a liat- tii[i|itil point, fifty ti) sixty feet lii;;h, with nearly M'ltical cliffs towards the ocean, Jiordered liy li.w iiM ks for two hundred and thirty yaids fiom the shore. !t, is treeless for half a mile back. I'll. Ill the northwestward it presents the same characteristics, and as it is approached, the point.s 111 Mc lulnciiio l>ay, Little Itiver llarlior, and N'a\aiii) Head ;^iadiially rise with somewhat similar l'i';i;uie>. ,\t the edj;i' of the t'orest tive«'i^h!hs of a mile east from the point is the small vi!laj;e of /'(';(' linirr. I lie deiilh of water Just outside the rocks close iiiider the jioiiit is ten fallioiiis, and the twciitv fathom line is only iifty yards from the rocks. .\l one ni le m the westward of the point it Is lnit>se\eii fathoms, and at two miles it is titty three tallioMi>. rmir miles eastward of I'oint t'alirillo the jiiiic covered coa>t iMomitains rise to nearly eleven liiiinlred feet elevation and are visilih-at thirty six miles ficim seaward. flic ^;eo;;raphical jiositiou of the station at the extremity of I'liiiit i'ahiillo, as deteiiiiined by till' Coast and iieodetio Survey, is: I.iitiluilii :i.i Jii Til noitli. l,iiM;iilllilr l)l', ill lillll i;i Wl'st. .-'■ 1"."' 17 ^llnli 'flic Mia,y;netic \aiiation was 17' L'T east in .l.inuary, ISS."), and increases ycaily (I'.S. Tins point was named li> the 1'. iS. Coast Siii\e\ to ciiiiimemoiate the voya{;es of Cabrillo in l.'ilJ-'l'i, allhoimh he did not see the land ill this x icinit\, /•Vriid I'ltiiit i'uhiiUo the coast line trends more to the northward, and cnii'iaiies nearly a strai{,'ht bliilt fur nine miles imrth by west (N. liy W.i to l,ai;uiia I'oiiil. These points, how ever, ai'c not iiili'i X isiliie, as the coast curves a lift le to the westward of the al>o\ e coiiise a In ml in d\\a.\ be I ueen Iliriii. The .chores are niodeiately lii^h and ;:enerally wooded to the lace of tlieclill's, liiecoa^l- line IS brnkeii by several indentations and small streams, and is bcir.lercd le ^re.it iiiiiiibeis uf links clii>e liiidi'i the dills; as far as known no hidden dan;,'ers »'\ist one thud of a mile from ('■tsjiar Audi urn /c. — Thice iiuai teis ot' a mile nor* li ward t'ri iii I'oiiit ( '.ibi iMo is the sniitliw est iiiiiiit of this co\e, ;iii(( which emptiis ( 'aspai ( 'reek. The nurthx'esi point, c. died Caspar ronit, ins :ioitli by w<'st half west iN. by W. .1 \\'.) ii\er one iliiiii of a mile fiom the soiilliw est point, ■mil l.:''li .III- .-iiiroiiiii|ed by niiinerons incks almve water '1 he cove 'ipciis diieil l> to the \\e>t. Hill i> halt' a mile deep fniiii the outermost rucks to the inner beach. Its width at the eiili aiic.' 'liAieii and clear of the rucks is four hmnlred \ards, decieasiii;,' to two hundred \ards between :lii' IMIier rucks. I'loiii ihe northwest point the sunken and \isible locks stretch olf iieaily tliice hundred y.irds Hiiiie west southwest, with three fathoms of water close around them and ten fathoms of water liliy \arils outside. Tn the III. rtli west auil south of the rocks oil' 1 1 iiti nice points. I here are no out l\ ill'' dan^cis. A ilipHi uf tell fat hums of water reaclii-N wi'll into il lid three falhoins to abieast the le i'o\ e. a lilies, iir within one hundred and seveiit \ fix e xaids ni' the beach. There is a .si(ii/,(7( nirl: \\\ the hai'boi' close uiidei the rocks aloii" the noitli sliore and nearlx i^m !><' liiiiidied \ard s west of ihe xvesterii I'hiite. It has three feet of water upon it at lo tide •_>sc PACll'ir COAST i'll.iiT. > 4 ' ) ^q li. ^1' . \ .f- Tlu> avt'iaiit' (It'iith III' wilier ill tilis li;iil)i)i' is atnuit scxcn fallniiiis. Ni'sscl.s iiiivc nidHi ii. Ileal out Willi iii. ::!!•,( liwesl wiiiils, hill (lie o|)eratiiiii tdoks (laii^cioiis, a!llii(ii;;li no losses h.i', ,. (leeiirred on this aeeomil : llieve are liiree nicinriii^- liimvs laid to haul oiil liy in ealiiis or |)t;||i winds. The liailxn- is ivckoned a ^'ikmI one liy tlie edasliMs, and \essels ean load liece in umiei wcaliior. Al the liead of tlie cove, r)ii(>-thiid of a mile liom the sonlhwesl iioini, is the iikiuIIi oI' (':is par Creek, one liiindreil and thiily yards wide above ihe niillsile, lint il opens ihion^^liM \,-y\ narrow inontii at Ihe north end of llie sand lieaeli, whicli is two hiiiidred ami sixty yards Inn;; Allhoiijili it lias 1)111 little water i;; it at any lime, it ehises in the dry season only alioiil oiici' in three years. The stream is only eiylit miles long, and < cuiies Iroin the east helweeii \er,\ hiuli sli'e|i hanks. Two liuiidi'tMl yards westward t'roni the month ol' the <'reek on the noilli hlnlV Ihi're is a hiiii her ehiite, and seventy i\ e yards I'aither to I lie westward a se<'ond one has heen hnill. Their I-. a depth oreleNcn leet liader the eastern eliille; and eighteen leel at the western. There aiv \ei\ good moorings, and tin v aie examined hel'ore each winter season. They ari< conneeted ln^icdi.T somewhat alter the in .iiiier of tho>e at Mendocino (il.v. The onier mooring l)iio,\ lii's m ijic entrance hel ween tiie outer poinis of tiie loeks. !'"onr \ essels can lie at the mooring-^, and llie\ are loadeil from the I'liiiles, There is a llag sialf. on tiie top of tlie hInlV ahove the chnti's, w lim a llag is hoisted at liaH'inast when there is no more romn for \essels. Till' mill, wliii'li is h' ated three linniired yards inside the mouth of the creek on the iimili hank, has a capacity of fifty live llionsaml tcel ilails,anil the a\era^c niimlier of vessels hi, idii! here is lifly each scar. The tolal :'imoiinI of liiiiiher s'lipped iVom lieie is reported at one hnmlicil iiid lilt\ million feel. The saw lii;;s come hy lail Iniiii I'oiir miles up Ihe Jiighandle ( 'reek ; hiii n-. liie good forest trees aie Ileal Iv exhausted there, the next source of snitply will he I laic ( icik. lliree and a half miles to the noriliwestward and .just south ol the Noyo Kiver. The riUnijf e/' Cusjinr is siliiateil insitle the nionlh of Ihe creek on the rising ground on tjic imi Mi or tight hank, and has ahoiit live hiindied iiihahiiants. A roadway on piles crosses the sin ,iin aliout one ipi.ii ter ol a mile ahove tlie iiioiiili. The name was formerly spelled ( 'asper. Ehrtrir liiihln aie shown at this place, and they li^liI ii|i the iiiidirside of Ihe low clouds ainl lighten lip the steam from the saw mill running at iiiizlit. s,i that ihis feature is iisod hy tlie nias|.-is of xi'sscis as a chaiac'eristic for liiidin^ (he li.iihnr a( iiiuht. The lalihide of the oiiteniinst part of Caspar roini is .IIP '.-•'_" dfi" north. The t>'. I'lity !"ithoni cm ve lies only two liiuidied yards outside Ihe rocks olV the entrance pemis to Caspar .Vnchoiaue ; there is a depth of forty foiii' fathoms al one mile and lif(> (i\ e lal lioms .n two miles outside. The coast inimcdiately ninth of Caspar Creek is hordered hy hi-nkeii elilfs with a gical miin her of rocks stretehing out four liiindicd \aids; tlieie is no known danger outside the (line falliom ciii\e, which is close iiiidcr the \isihle rocks. The forest gi'iierally conn's down to (he edges of the elilfs, l' degrees west from I'lii'it Cahiillo. It does not jiioiect outside the general trend of (he coast, lint the shore recedes lial: a mile to the east at the moiUliof llaie Creek, one nnle fardici north. There aic phnty of reck'* close under the point, and one sunken rock with hreaker ahoiit oneipiarter of a mile I" iinrili west hy west (NW. by VV.). The trees come close to tlie edge of the clills iiiiith and soiilli of this uulch. I'liJIiin /.'I'.v.— This landing at the month of the IlareCrcek is four miles iiorlli by west (N. h> \\.i from I'liinl Cahiillo and one milo south of Noyo l;i\ei. The soiidi point of Novo projects iln'. ipiaKeis of a mill' to Ihe west ■north West from III ■ inoiKh of Hare Creek, and alVords soim p. '^ lion to (his small indenlation. The shores are iock\cli(ls ideralcly high, and hordeicd h\ i'"- .\t the head of the cove is a sand heacli one hilildled and seventy Ih e yards loii'.f. and the el' ■ I. opens throi|'.;li the south cud of it. The cove is vers small and opens to the west, Tlic clinli i- hillb out Iroiii Ihe north shore of the cove and p|ii|ec(s o\ ei rocks (o the west south west o\ ci • Ic* ' li M^ ^^, IM, TACIKIC CDASl' Pll.dT. 2H7 ,i fei'l iii' wator. A ri'cf ol'iocUs to tlic noitliwcst alVonls soipo sliplif iirott'ction, but tlio jiliico looks vcr> lounli. Tlicro arc iKi iiiooriiijjs and no sliipnicnts (IS,S."i) and it is iiiisafc witlioiit iiioorin},'S. Ill 1>SJ live cai'^i'ot's <•!' jiosis, tics, wood, and tanliark ui'ic sliippcd lifinc. I)iit none in 1S,S3. Tliiif were sinnc ni(M)iinj;s still ii'UiaiiiinK in l'^S;i, hut tlii'.v wi-rc not in fiiMid nidcr. \fiio li'ircr * lo'ii' and a lialf niilos north llii;i.cn dt'j;rf('s wi st (N. l.'!"" W.) (Vorii I'oint Cahrillo, and seven and tliiee(|uarters iiiile.s IVoni MiiiilnciMo r>a.v. The shorelim' continues tlie same stecj) hhilf, nearly stiai;;lit, hut hiokeu hv scvii.il small creeks oiieidn^ to the sea. 'I'lic shove is bordered h.v jrreat nuinhers of rocks, hut liDiir lie over a <|uarter of a U'ile from the dill's; and no hidden dan;;t'is are known cxcejit olV Ucaxir I'oiid, three and a half miles north l>.v west (N. by W.) fiom Toint Tahrillo ami a little iiimv than a nsile to liie sonthwar \\ . \ W.) from the point. The country (.; u.Mided to the edjio of th« clitf except aroumi Nomi I'.ay, where the entire south )point and a lar::' ;ireM of the north point are free of timber. Ami/o ,1 »(7((I((((/c is a small cove oiieiiinif to the west southwest (W'SW.) with moderately low iiii'.a lauil and steop t'l ill's on the noitli anil snulli that an- continued inside. The two points of t'lilviMi'c are alxuit a qnarlci' of a mile apart and bear noiih and south from each other. There arc inure rocks alouji the south shore and jioint than under the north shore. Stii'tchinjr out twit liundi'cd ami lifly yards to the northwest (roni the south jioint of the iiilranic are small visible rocks and foul bottoiu. This liiiiits the w idth of the entrance luit helps liiliiiak the force of the southwest swell. The lime lallmm curve is iiiiiuedlately under the null riiin->l rocks, exccjtt in two ))laees where sunken rocks arc inund. Tlie lit si snnlin rock, li.nin.: Ii\e feet of water upon it. lies one Imndied and foily yanis iinrlh sixty four dejirces \vi -t ;N. til \V.) from ihe westernmost point of the soiiiii lieail. It has a depth of four and a liall lallioms of wat'"' inside of it and ci.;,dit fathoms of water close outside. The second .s»;(/,y'» Chi/,, lia\inj; but three feet of water upon it, lies one hundnd and sixty yards to the liiulhward niiiir Iniinei', and foni' hundred yaids north forty III) le ilc^rees wesi 'N. I.T \\ .) fmm the western- iiiM>i point of the south head. .V Hirer fntliitni sjint lies one hundred y a ids out side the reef stretch in;; iiniijiwist from the smith head, but tlu're is a depth of (he fathoms inside of it ami six and a iialf lallioins outside. (Ill the north side of llii> ciitranc(> the line of \ isihle roiKs lies at farthest less than three him- iliiij \ aids li'om t he soul ii west face of the cl Ill's, and cluse iiiider tlie pi mil a I tiie i in mediate entrance. r.iil tliei'c are two dan^^ers otV diese norllierii roeks. The tiist siiiil.rii /or/,-, with less than twi Kr feel ol Water upon it, lies live liiiiidicd yards west fioiu tlie north point of the entrance. It is Ilia' li. I ml red yards outside tli" three fathom i'ur\ e under the \ isilile rocks, and has a depth of seven ainl a i|iiarter fathoms of water all around it. The second .siiiihoi /ix/,, \ isible at extreme low «atii. lies ninety yards soiitli li.\ west. (S. by \V.) i'rom the southernmost point of the iioiiii head, ;iiii|, hi'iii;;' abreast thtM)Utermost rocks t'rom the south head, the ciianiiel way is here rediieed in wnlih III two Inindred yards between the three fathom carves, but it carries six to seven fathoms III Wall! nearly across it. This last danyjer is a pinn u'le rock, and there is dcci) water close u|i to It nil all sides except towards the east, where it slopes very little. Till' Ii.iiImu' pioper is three ci^ihtlis of a mile in leii^xth from the heads m low-water line at the rivii 1 niraiiee, and a\('iay:es ime ipiarler of a mile in w idth. The a\eia;:i' deptli in the harbor is tmin li\e to six lathoms. 'i'lie summer w inds blow directly in. but vessels can lie at anchor witii riiiiiii to su in;,'. 'J'li(> winter w inds draw lait. The Icadiii;; in ian;;e is a mck close under the hi;;h bliilf on the south side of the river entrai.ee I'll Willi the gallic end of a Iai;;e wliiiew ashed barn a lit I le nioie than a i|iiarler of a mile to the ■M^t«.iiil under the hi;:h northern bank of tlie river. The beaiiua of tins ran;;e is east half iioilh d'.. i N.I, and it will clear the sunken rocks olf both pmiiis of the entrance. There is. howe\er. ilii' Miiikeii rock north of mid fhannel alrcadv nientioiicd as nincU yards fmin the north head. Vi'ssel lull i! M-U aie reported sometimes entcrin;,' on the north side of this breaker and caiiyiii;;: ;iood water, 11' pa vsa^e proper is to the south of it. t»lV the N. til .\nch(ua;4(' the ten f.ithom curve is onlv four huiidrcd and twenty yards from 1' ''I'lii nil I mill' riilioiiis iiic of the clill's. At one mile tln^ depth is thirty two f.dhoms and at two miles forty- li.i' \iiiii) 1,'irir is a considerable stream some l'oil\ miles loii but it is onh fortv \ard i^.i r t »■ «iMi' al Ihe nioulh, w here a low point reaches from Ihe muth towards the south side of the ;;uli;h. .'S8 PACIKU: coAsr I'li.oT. f'? i'l ■ 1 i'f t -ft anil lilt' tiiill spttloiiioiit is on and iiack uf this ]i(»iiit. Tln'rc is a har ontsitlc flic ciilraiii'i' (n ||,, riv«'r, upon wliit'ii tiic ilcptli !ivfiat;»'s alioiit seven feet of water at liiuli titlt ; l)n( sonielirnes, uln n there is a <;oo(l liead of walt'i' in the river and plenty of lo;;s tliere, tiiis bar waslies awa.s, so ih:ii ,i baik drawing fonrteen feet of water is said to have loaded in tlie river and been taken out at lii;;li tide; and the channel remains open I'm' some time. At times the inoutli of the river is ah i closed, esin'cially altera sueeession of sironi; northwest winds and lar^'e swell, but it remains s.i oidy for a siiort time. There is no ehnte at llie Xo\o Anehoraj^c. l-undier is loaded on lij^hters from a « harf insMi' the month of the liver and then tak(Mi onl to the vessels in the liaibor. Wmall \essels ;,'ener;ill\ till their holds in the river ami receive their d<'ekloails in liie liiubor. Larfre vessels siimellNn- load here direct for foreign ]iorts.and it is reported thai a ship drawioir t went v-liiree feet of wain has taken a carjio of hiiiiber hence to X'alparaiso. A tn^ is employeil lo tow vessels outside ihr heads and clear of the rocks. The same tiij; does dniy iiere and at Albion K'iver. There aie miK two nioorinj;-buoys in llii^ harbor — one for head and the othei' for stein fasleiiinj;. Tlu' saw-mill was closed in IStS,' on acconni of liiiuation, but in ordinary seasons li\'e vcsmK load monthly. Tlie coaslin;; steamer calls here e\ery trip. .She lies at the inoorinj^s and her fii'i;;ht aiiil liasseiif,M>rs are lij,'l:teicd oil' and on. The j;('o;;raphical iiosilion of the ("oast and (ieodelie Siirx'ey station on the sontii heaii 'I Noyo Cove is: Lalilnili' ;!;• ■,'.")' :!1 ' hmhIi. l.diiyiiiiili' i'j;i IT •l-J Wl'Sl. Or, ill lime. l.V" IdM. One of the fjeneral landmaiks for making; N'oyo Cove is Hold Hill, which lies three ami one third miU's north thiily luie deurees oast ( N. .'51 ' I'^) from the north head of Noyo llarlior and i isis to an • ievation of ei^'ht hundred and ten feet. The seaward face of the hill is bare down to nciih one Mile of tlie shore. The area of the grassy surface is about one scpiare mile. The siiiiiiint i^ in latitncli' .".'.i" I'S' (Mr norlli. and loiiuitiide I'-':! !.">' 17" west. .Inst iioilli of the Noyo ilie t'oresi comes down to the clilVs for a stretch of a mile in- innn , einclopinj; the cove called l'"oil Ilia^'^ or Soldiers Harbor. The Indian name for the Novo i;i\fr is ( 'him la bc' da. I'll)! Ilniiiii or Siililiiis llitrhor. — Twotliiiijs of a mile northwest of the north head oi' Ni'.i a .-haip c'ilf pointin;; out lo the wot noitliwol (\\N\\ .), and behind it to the iioith ,iihl lllic-lri l.llllT ("o\e i- east IS a small indentation called Soldiers Harbor. Il is about two hiimiied vards in di.iii and re;.'iilai in sliajie. but has \ery little clear space between the many rocks both at the eiil and inside. .\ M'I'v small stream enters it and the land is low around it. The bliilf on llie iiinili .\s a shippiii;; |>lace this is one of llic incKn s| de is iilliti o\v but bori lered o\' maii\ rocks. iaiidiii;.;s on the coast. It has only a iiairow cnlrance of one hiindii'ii ami thirty yards u iiiih brtwiiii the breakers, but w hen once well iieiile il is repotted lo be iniili' smooth. Tin' i;eiiii,il ill is ii'Miheast (Nl',.) The dcpili in \\\r entrance is nine fatlioiiis. and the water liiial> 111 ('i;;hl fi^et at the eiiil of the whait. which, however, was not coniphled in July, iSs,"i, This wli.irl is |iid|c(|rd to the west sonliiui'si (WSW.^ from the tioiliieast part of the cove. Tliere vmic vm mooiinus i.iiil at that lime, but ii w.is in Issi; \\\ rnniiin;.; order as a shippinj; laiidin;;. A m mill is creeled here, and a railroad has Ih'cii (■ciiistriicted to tap the extensive forests in tin- inii i. Sieain stliooneis only load hen' The plare is now known as {'"orl l>ra^;j Harbor. I'ort Iba;;;,'. laid down on some of thf leiiiii maps, no longer exists. .Some of llie Iiiiilii nj- still ri'iiiaill alioill llirec-ei;;liths of a iiiih' Iroin the In-ad ol .Soldiers Hailxu'. It was the iinl mm po-t foi till' ]Pioieetioii of the ••Novo Indian li'eserx atioii," but was abandoned many \eais au'. Wliis'liii;! liiiiiij. — All (iiitiimntic irliisilliiii liinii/, painted with hhirl: intd irliilr i)rriini'li i'''"' slrijKs. has bci'ii inoonil in ih e aiinidache: to this harbor. It lies in twenty two falhoiiis o'' >ri!ri' on llie liiir of ilic black spar buoy on tlie norili side ol' the eiilraii'-e in raiij^e with the uImi! 'I'iie buoy is Noiiiided by the action ol the sea, and ni\es blasts of twenty to lliify iii • i' ii minute, it was jilaced iii position Au;:nst, isss. The coiii>e into this small harbor is nirnov but slr,ii;ilit, iiiid rnns iiortlc;;:-ii bv easi M'. I'v !■:.). Cii. iHU~l be taken to avoid tin 'Aasli on the sonlhern side of the etitra; It isclaiancl that iiexl to laitle lliver H.irbiU' Fort Urii;;^' Harbor has the siiiootlicst a^'c III ,-oiithiMsl ",il I'Acilir ('(lAsT I'll.oT. >8f) lll'll 1 1 .1111 r 11. .III! •kll-I n nllli 'III l.il ■-,l\^ li i:.i! tl 1,11 i .\ ill'l I iii'ii'ii I'luhlitKi Cnrl; i\h rriii^ftl willi rocks lor two liiiiiilrcil or tliit'c liiiiKin-d yjinls oil" slioic. Oi, the iKiitli .sitlt' of llio inoiitli is a lonj; sfrctcli of hart- saiiii. A very ioiijj piled roadway and tr - I'lid^ic nosscs tliis strt'ain on the liiii- of land travel. About tlirec liundrcd yards iiorlli of I'uiMin;; Creek a small point juts out two liundrcd \;i! Is, and two linmlred yards outside this j)oint lies a a'hhAtii mcA- marked hy a breaker. Two ,i|i , r /)/7(i/r.'* are laid down a little inside the line henee to Laj;iina Toint, and three hundred ami siM my yaids from the former break. r/jv/iH r»rr/.' empties nearly a mile m)rthward of Pudding' Creek and is oidy a few yards in wiiltli, but has a sand beach at its iiMUith. l.iiijuiia l'oiiit.^T\\t' norlhern e\treniily of the nearly strai^;ht line of clilV coast from Point Cii'iillo is La^^iina Point, eij^ht and a half miles north ten dej^rees west (N. KP NV.) from the liiii'iir point. I'rom the south jpoiiit of Soldiers Ilarluu' to I.aj,'Uiia Point the shore is straij;ht, turn, id by low, rocky clitVs oidy twenty feel iii;;h. and cut by Pudding' ami Vir},'in Creeks. Tho (li^l.iiice is three miles and the {general direction north onethinl west (N. ;\ W.). The lorest ciiniis within one lift h of a mile of the shoic-line. North of I,aj;iina Point tin? shore ticnds sli{;htly ia>luiird and its chaiacter chan^;es to a Ion;;-, stiaij;ht sand l)eaeh. [.a^una Point is a small, jiiMiii;,' clilf thirty feet hi;;!!, tiai topped, baic of tries for lix'e hundred and llffy yaids inland, and iiiil\ iintired when a \'essel is \t'ry cli>>e inslmre. ,\t a mile and a half behind the point tho land risi > III a lii;;h hill. .\ bare reef extends three Inndred \aiils nortliaesi fiom the extremity of III.' |iiiiiil. Tiro siiiiLiU coc/i.v, inaikcd by breaks, lie outside the reef: (Uie bears north lil'leeii lit^iri's west (N. l.'i'NV.) lour hundied yaids trom the iioint.ainl llii' other noith thirty-live ill fill's west (N. ;>■'>'' W.) tliiic iMimlred and eighty \arils. I'.olh are less thauiuie hundred y.ird.s imtMili the visible rocks. Tlu're aie also several hndha on rocks awash. A small visible ro(!k Willi ,1 lock awash lifly yards (Uitside of it lies south sixty seven de;;ree.>4 west (S. (IT" W.) three iiiinilied and ten ,\ai(ls fioni the point, and two hundii'd yards outsiiK' of the other visiiile rocks. The three fathmn curve reaches liiur hmulred \ aids outside the point tiiwanls the northwest; iiiil ;lic leu t'atlioni cm \ c is seven hiimlrcd yards in the sanu' diieclion, bein^r a v tty little outside Ihr 'ill lalhiim line which follow s chisel v the ;::eneral Ireml ol' the slioie line. The I vvi-ul vfathom liiH :-; tliree lift lis of a mile from the point ; at one mile the de|)lh is twenty nine fathoms, and at !».• iiiid a half miles il is lil'iv lathoiiis. I'licre is some ii reynlai ily in the depths to the wesfiiorthwestward of the point: and at ■ Mil' ;inil a half miles west by north ( W. by N.) from it, where t he depth should be about foi'ty I'.iili.iiiis, there is bi'okeu bottom with sudden chancres trom lortvtwo to tweiilyt'our fathoms. To till' imithward of this bearini,' the lilly t'alli(uii souiulin^js are a mile and ;i half farther otf shore lliaii 111 the southward. Ill the bi;.'lil cast of ha^una Point is the shipping; pl.U'c known as l,a;;una Landili);'. I lie ;;eoi4raphical position of the Coast and (ieodetic ."survey .Station on lia^^una Point is: I..111I111I.' :!'.! -.".I ir, iii.itii. I.oiinitiiili' I'j;! '.".1 I'T w.'.sl. .\ small stream opens under the uoi'th side of I.ay;una Point : Just inside the beach it sjireads ailii.i |,i;;ooii lour hundieii yards loiij; by ible rocks fiom the west ward. vanls Ion;;, and i)io|i'ct> to the norlli northwest "M'l ill' locks, which are verv numerous (ui the west side ot' the iiioiilh of the la;;ooii. Tolhi.-i ITlill 1. r P.I i'l 1)0 rACIl'IC COAST I'lI-OT. ■f^t^ ^^r wliiirf is attaclii'd tlio aincm orcliuto inopcr, iiml ii vt'ssi-I lit's iiiidcr it in twelve l'»". l of wain. Vessels of one liiinilred tons ilo not run niiieli lisi; in siiniiner-tinie. Tlie.v liaul to t\w outer Ihihn wilii a noitliwest wind, and willi a soutiieast wind tliev sail out. A isndden coininii in of a sonlli west swell willioiit wind makes it an uneonifortable place, j-'ive nuiorin^s have lieen laid tlown tor vessels to moor to. At the eliute a vessel lies liead out oil' the nurlheast iiny;Ie of tlit> whail. The depth of water in the ap]iroaehes to this place has lieea nieiilioiied under I-afinna Point. The mill issilnatedin Little \'alle\, aliont three miles to the eastward, and has a capacii \ ni eighteen thousand feet. The liiml)er is hauled liv teams to tlu; chute. Ties, posts, hark, ami wmnl are also shipped. In is.sd it was repoited that the wharf and clinic had licen washed awav and that it woiiU piobalily not lie rebuilt, the business havin^r been liansl'errcd to I'oil I'.ra;;;,' Harbor. 'I'm Mil( L'irrr Hciiili. — l"or a mile and a half north of l.aj;uiia Point the blnlV is veiv |ip«, nearly sliaiuhi, and lioidered by sunken ami xisjlile rocks; 1. none lie over livt> hundred ,\aiil- I'roii! shore, and the outciinost lies eij^ht hiiiidrcd yaiils iiort |- noiiheasl (NNIC.) from l,auiiii,i Point. Then be;:ins the remarkably straight line of sand bcac'' hence to the month of Ten Mil. K'iver, which bears north twelve dej;rees east (X. 1- ' 1''.) four and one liflli miles from the oi ilrr rocks olf Lauuna Point. The bea<-h is backed bv saml dunes for over half a mile inland, w li the land III one hnndicd to three liumlit'd feel in elevation ; ,'ind al a mile and a iniaiter fi the shore line the fo. est beirins. Paid hills show tlienischcs amonu' the forest, and on the rioill bank of Ten Mile Piverthey rise to j'i^lil i iiidicd and lhiil,\ feci williin one and oneipiaiir les of the sluuc. 'i"'vo small ponds lie inside this beach. Theic are no dau;,'ers off this sir ctrll of coast. Tiic three fathom line lies a little oxer a ipiarter of a mile lioiii tlii' shore, and the ten i'alln line a liltle oV(>r half a mile. They both follow the fjeiieral trend of the slmie very clo.sely. exit oil fi'U Mile Pivei', \\ here the leu fathom line is a little fai Ihcr out. .\l one mile outside liiis lc> beach the tjeplh of water is se\cnteen falhoiiis: al two miles It is lliiily fathoms; al three mi forty-four fathoms, and at three and a half miles foity eiKl't fathoms. . Over this low beach and over the low country to the southward the sninmer winds draw \ crv s|niii';lv. Ten Mill li'ii a shoit stream onlv lifl\ \ards wide at the month, which has a I ow point III! the south but a hiLihcr one on the north side where the land liscs to ei^lit hundred feet at one mile bar!,, .lust iiiiith of the moiiili olllie liver is a rocky islet, scxeiily _\ards by tweiit\ n extent and forty Icet hiuli ; it is the lar;;est in the ininicdiate vicinils, but has not been iiaiiiMi. The mouth ul' the livi'r ;;eiieially {'loses about .Inly and opens about November. (tn the section map of Californi. I this stream is c;illed Iteedohx' Creek. The south foikol Ki! Kiver heads behind Ten .Mile I!i\ci. only seven miles from the coast line. Ten Mile PiM-r was so named because it was reckoned ten statute miles distant fnnii the Nun.p Piver, tbrnierl> the chief settlemeiil. The Indian name slioii' ticiidsin a ^t'ueral diieclioii iiorthuest onethird west ( N W . ' W.) lor lifts and a half iiiilis to Point (iorila. The coast line is not sliai;;lit, but retreats east of the ;ibove course about - ;> lliiles. The marked feature of this jiait of the coast is the particularly bold and forbidding' uhaiariii of the sliores, which rise to ^reat lieijihts and are backed by nionnlains which attain four to iim' lhon,--and feet elevation. Transverse t;oi;;es mark the llaiiks of the coast raiific where small .iihI insi;;iiiti(ant strcanis empty into the ocean. Thesoiithein part of this ian^;e isco\ ered with toir>i. but ticiiii the \icinity of Point I)elj;a(la northward the lojis of the moiinlains are only j,'i:i--< covered, partially wdoded. OI iiiaiked by a dense ;;iow lli of In iish. Many of the peaks almiji tin' coast ranm' are embraced in the ti iaii}.'ulatioii of the I'. S. Coast and (leoileiie .Survey, ami lliii^ become well determined landfalls and landmarks ft., coast iii}f ves.sels, espcciall.v for sleaiiifis. The ( haracter of tlii> shon^ bears evidence tif severe erosion, and that it must have reat'licil to and beytiml the iMitlyin^' rocks. The larmier and lii;:her rocky islets are llat lopped ami ot' in' same };eneral liei;;lil as the adjaeeiil slitwe line. The lower rocks are very sharp pointfil. n-'l sn;;;.'esl that many such may exist underwater. The danyiis ahni;,' the coast are close ninhi :Im' high shori's, anil until within live miles ot' Point (lonla no know n d CiTito.s. ICir) left, \\V. I.y N..1I)} iiiilfs. Aiialioiin Kuiuiitig, N.byW. JW.,einile«. :l IK I' li il.lllJ' !■> I illi.ol !Hll !l('S lllH'lil I'l'l Www. I l,.l.l.( III' "itli Iriiii lllllMiIl'. |i';;lll,lll,\ •.iilll lii'.l^' '>li't illlili >i.\ l,llllni A" is iiiil> rijiliiy lo iiiiitli niij '}■ mill l,\r lie;;!'! Iliur. T I'IrV .itiiill. lull;;, lii> iiiii'iii |i(iii liiiiiilii'ii .iimllii'l' ,v >aii|s iioi Wot S. ."i' III ;s,> for :i|i|irini Tlic el iiiil 111' till' A ws ImW W.llcl- tons iiiiiy I A liiiii lie III' line liiisirr 111' lil^t iHllsJd A l.iiiMli 1 iiM'il liy t W'v.si'l.s to I'oiiil; till' •■I'Vi'iii vli\ l.iiiiilii iiii'iiilis ill Ti'ii Mil,' I ti'i'l. anil t ill;': Hilly <»iit.si( I'oit "'live, ii"iii I 111' el lil'lilll III' w I'ACII If ('nA>l I'll.ul. 2!)1 !l Mill (VoMi sliiin'. Nfiir Point (iorilii, iinil lour or tlvc inili'H soiitlicnst of it, arc sotiic isolated ,|;iiii:< I'M oiif iiiile oil' slioD-. 'riii'sc arc li in tlic approacli to Nrwporl l.andiii;;, ami is tliti I iiil'iNt i'\Y siiorr of any rock lor nian> miles norlli and sontli. II is hall' a mile souili of Ne\v|iorl 11(1 Iks norlli I'onr dc;;rccs west (N. 4 W.) lour and sevcn-cinlitlis miles rroiii La^niia Point, and iiiiiii I'orl.v ei;;lil dc;;rces wcsl (N. Is W .) one and oncci;;litli miles Iroiii tlic iiionlli of Ten MiUs \U\>\. It is a small rock, washed o\er almost eonliiiiioiislv escii in oidinar.v weather, and lies lih <' i'l(;liths of a mile oil' the line of the elilVs. < )thei' iiieks and roekv islets lie inside of it, and .1.1111' iif the latter are ei;4lil,\ I'eet hi^li and from one hundred to two hundred vaids in extent, llat- il and d w itii soil. llie three fathom line of siilde roeks a hiindred yards apart, but with lixc to vjx r.iilioms of water aroiiml the ;;roiip. .Siirpnit l.iiiiilinii. — This is one of the most eontiaeted aneliora^ies on tliei'oast; the eovc IS mils iilioiit one hundred and lifty yaids east ami west hy sixty \i.ids aero>s. with eliIVs ri^jiily to oiK^ liiimlled feel hij;li. It is liroad open to the west, with locks close niider the iimlli point, and sunken rocks more than three luimlred yards southwest wardly from the .'Miili jMiiiit. It is fourteen miles noithward of PointCalirillo; live ami one third miles iiorth \,\f ilc;;rces wi'st (N. ."> W .) from Layiina Point; and one and a half miles northwest of Ten .Mile 1,'nii-. The coast north and south is a line of locky, Ja;:;;cil clilfs. ci^'hty to one hundred feet in ili\,illiiii. with iMirderiiiL' islets of the same hei;;ht. .\ liiuh islet, oni- hiindied and tiiirtv vards l.ilii;. II ;mi:iIi pni IS two hnndrcd and lifl_\ yards northwest l>\ west (N\V. hy W.) from the extremity ol tin int. and iiinetv vards south of this islet lii liiiiiiliid and liltv vards south fort v on e kelp. ill IS,S.'{ the white houses on the ^^rassy risiii;,' plateau ipchind the landin;; atfoi-lcd ;;ood marks I'lir Mppiiiacliiii},' tin \ c i'lie chute is on the north point and jirojecl.s two hiiiidretl and sixty feel fidin the clilf to the 111(1 of ilie apron, under which a depth ot ci;,'liteeii feel ol water is reported. .\ Vessel at the chute lies head out with the chute on licr slailioaid hand. .\ rock show ini;- at Inu WMier lies onl\ tliirlyli\c yards ahead from hi'i' starlioard ho tons iiiav load here. A vessel of two hundred A iiiooiiii;;liiioy liesei;:hty yards west I ly south ( W. by S.) from the chute close under the siiiiiincr 111' 111' three rocks; liicasl mooiin;;s are fastened to the poiiils on cither side ot the chute. This 'liisier of rock.s breaks the fmre of the northwest swell at the co\i'. Two other buoys arc ]>laced pht I Hit side these rocks, the outer one bearing;' one hundred and tilly yards west .southwest (W'SW.). A liiiiiih buoy is laid close under the northwest side of the sunken roeks olf the south head; if is iiscil liy the vessels to haul out to, and ui't nnder wav from in southeast wi'a Vessels to art a f,'4 >d oil iiiL' in northwest winds, two bin tlier. To cnablii ivs lia\c been laid well out from the north iiii: the inner one is six hundred and tliirtv vaids. and the outer one eiirlit hundred and siMiii\ ti\(' \ards south si\l\ three «1 emees w est (S. (i:> W'.t from the head of the chute. I. uiiiln'r is shipped from this place ; but vessels can not load here more than seven or eight iimiitlis in the Near. The avera''c number loadini; is lift v anniialh . The sawmill is located on T'Mi Mile IJive r, to iir and a half miles from this landiii),'. Itstapacity i.- boiit tliiitv thousand It'll, and the Inmlier is hauled to the chute. Since the I-'ort Uraf^fj Harbor has been established no lumber is slii|)|ied l'i(un Ni'wport Land- ing': eiily posts and tii-s are loaded here (IssT). Outside of the clilVs the three fathom line is oneliflh of a mile olf slioic except at tin' New- piPit I'ove. where it reaches inside the points. The Icnlathom line is less than onethird of a mile li'Mii the clilfs of the south point, and the twenty-fathom line at the distance of one mile. The 'lii'ili of water is thirty-seven fathoms at two miles and fortv-seven fathoms at three, miles. ^ Wr 1 I i\ i .1 h^ Mmf I',\( II IC (iiASI I'll.nl. :•;{ iiM > iiwilsli i)IV ISi'll's r (inter locks oil' Alialiiiic roini llic (lislaiiri' is Iwnaiiilii liiill ii,il. s ami till' lii'iiiiii^ imitli iioilliwt'Kt (NNW.). 1,1 It's Miiiiiitniii, \^\\>ii iiiil,\ fliii tt'i'ii Ihi nil It'll ullll^ r:i>l iMnil and I'ui ly ii I ' III I'li'VatJKii anil liari' mi lnp, \v itii a trw |iiiit'.s on III*' orraii Hank. 'I'lii' ;^H'al lori'.st of irilwouil \u> lO |Im> i>asl\vaiil nltlii' cnaHt litljics. Il'i itimrl. — 'I'liii was runi cilx S\\ il/n's Clinlr. Ilin r ami lliiri' i|nai h is mi Irs iMUlliwrslwarillv .1I.1114 lliiM'oasI rnijii Ni'\v|ioi'i l.aiiiliii;.', ahil hall a inilr ikuiIi I'l'ltrH's I'liinl. Il is M-scnli'iii ami Miinl mill's iiiiilli I'Irvrn ili'Kri'i''^ v^csl (N- II ' ^^.j liom romi ('.ilm I M'lr IS iici inili'iiia' Hull (if Mil' Inokcn, inrk.N lini' of riilVs.'' >iri llir r>inhai',\ a naiiou |ii>iiii makrs mil oiii' linmlii'il \;lliUamloll'it lit- nirks i^lrls omt Iwi'IiIn Irrt lii;^li, |>ai liallv |i|'iili rtril i>,\ links to I lir lioi tliwrst. Till -liiiir liiir iiiil'lliwrst anil Miiitlii'ast islioiili rnl lor iirail,\ lliiri' iiiiiiiliril \ aids w iih iiiniiim-raliU' III! U rt'iiMi awash to I'oiiy or lllt,\ IVrliilioM' tin- sra. lii'll's .Moniilain. JiiM drsriilu'd, Iviii;; one mill 10 ilir soiiilii'ast anil iiraily liail' a milr Iroin llic slimr, is tin' iu'.-i landmark. Tlio lini}; iiiiilliwi'st i'id;;r li'oni tin' snniinil li ads nrai Is to tlii' landiii;;. rill' town, of alioiit two hii III 1 1 I'll inlialiilants, laid out on tlit- jilalraii It hi ml Ihr ,si'a liilVs, is ii ^r,Miii ;:indi' when ils IVatiiri's air known. ll IS dillii'iilt to di'siiilu' the a|i|iiiiai'lii'.s. Tlic oiitrrmost low inck. i'i;;lit,\ liy forlN \aid.s in I'Mi III. Ins llni'i' hnmliril and loity yards otV slum', and il has two Inraks ni'ar lo and onlsidi* of 11, I lie hruikif iicaii'st to iIiIn low mrk Inais .south .slM,\ ('i;;lit (h';;rrr.s wi'sl (S. ti.s ■ W.) distant iiiii' liiimiird anil twrnty .\arils Iroiii il. 'I'lir ontir ///(((/.vc is sonlli thirty ri;;lit (lr;;ri't'S wist (.S. :;> \\ .) iwo hnndiril ,\ards fioin till' Il ck. Thi' onli'r iinioi jnj; liiioy lirs just to tin- wrstwaid of till' list licaiin;^' and li\t' linmlri'd and luriit.s lix'i' ,\aiils finm tin- loi'k. i iifif an- two «'liiit»'.s ht'iT. 'i'ln- Noiilhriii tliiiti' or whai f, which has a hirj^c warchuii.st' at its aiii I end, is Iiiiilt, out, Ihiin the .si.\ty leet point of ililVovei two rocky islet.s close toil and stietchi.s si'.iu.iid west .southwest. It is one linndred and tliiit,\ .se\ en ,\ aids Ion;; to the apioii at I lie iioi ih- ui»l pcpjiil III the oiltel' islet, whence il si letches eij;hl\ one feet fill I In r low aids I lie west noithwest (i\i I iiineteeii feet of walci'. I'ait of this wharf is a truss liiid;;i' fm forty seven \aids lieiween tie ivMi roekv islets; the rest of it is iiuilt on timlieis si t in the n \ Sllllhl II I'lK Ik les a liont ^i> ,\aids southwest from the end of this <'liiitc. The iiiirlhciii chnle conimenci s at the .sixty- lilV one hiimlieil and lifly yards iioith of the point, and .stietihes two hninlicd ai.d three lirt 1 iM't' two small I'ockv islet.s to a third one, which lies aliont tillv vards north wi'.-.i of the ciiiii iiiiosl roeky islet of the siaithein chute. I'liini its e\|iemity an apmn reaches out twenty-live ,\;iiiU over the Water to a depth of twenty three I'ei I. This w liai f or chnle rests on ti nil his set in Ihr lucks, hut as the tindicr.s aii! ill line places twenty .seven yards apart tiie Kiiinliiie in iirii^tliciicd by trii.sse.'s tliron;;liont. The outer ends of the two whaiMs aie imi niore tli.in forty iiiiN iipart. The la ml in;; can not lie an\ thin;; lint daii;;eiiiiis In apprnachini;' or lea\ iii^'. Iniinc- |;,iiil\ under the cliiites the swell is snmcwhat lirokeii lis the locks t'l the northwest. Iliiee principal inooriii;; liiioys have lieeu placed outside in ;:iiod water |i>r\essels to haul , or asvait their opportunity lo load. The ontciinost, in tweh nil! to, or asvait their opportunity to load. The ontciinost, in tw else and a half fathoms, lies .ses'eii Imiilii'd yanks .south .sixty ile;,'rces sscst (S. (it) W.) tioni the .sontlicin clinic; the next in>iile is III till fatlniius iicarl,\ tsvo hnndicil yards further iushme and a little soiilh of the .s.iine heMrln;;, nil I I lie third is only tsvo linndri d and seven Is yards tioiii the chute, and also a hi tie snulli of the Mini' hearing', in the and a half fathoms of wali Tl IIS nidoi 1111;' lies a lilt Ic os 11 tsvo linndred mis .south from the lar^'c, loss, outermost visihle rock olV which are the tsvo sunken rocks already ilunil to. licsiiles these, there are other inooriiiKs immeiliately otV the eliiiles. Shijipin^- is •iis|"'inleil four months in the vear in svinter, when the iii' aie lilted and iiselhaulcd. The holdiii round olV XN'estport is ;;oiiil in spots, with sandy liottoni inleispeisei ith iiirlv-. The osvners of the ehntes kce]i the liiioss and iiiooriii;:s in ^oud order, so as to hold the M'iMMiiiers. In a line svith the apnm of the northern chute and the I'osl uiiice ImildliiL; then is a Miiikc'ii rock svliich is dan^icrons to a stranger, as il is near the outer Imos Inii inside of it. One of the local landmarks used in ri'co;:iii/iii^ W'estiioit in thick weather is the lai;;e tain Willi II is up on the rid},'e just inirtlnvard of the tosvii. The Imnlier is liaiilod tsvo or three miles l>v teams troni three sasvniills on Wa.ues Creel., WllH ll empties into the .sea a little over three ipiartcrs of a mile to the nortlisvard of the laiidiii';. Till avera^je iiiiniher of ve.s.stds that load here is sixty live yi-arly, and as niiicli as eighty Use ll' I .iiid feet of lumher has been loaded from the north chute iii oue day Ties, posts, bark, and >li.il>i.s, etc., are also shipped. w ili^fl < ..111 I'lc. ll,H !• I ' It'll ll'l- llllllll llirf nu II |i.Uf liU' IM ll I lilty ;i '^ml IliW 1 \v . 1 1 r llnlll tiiiii : ■ri'i llll'l llll'O lll'.tl IllllM llii'M III til rinil VMll linil (SW Iniir llii lliii'l til ll sliiir rAcu'ir COAST "ilot. •J!t" l.itiiili'itU. — One (if t'lic t;rt'iit lamliiiMi ks (oi' this scctidii of tin' cuast lo vi'sscis well ntV sli oro j^Cilhhi Miiiillttlin, \y'\l\'^ twelve tiiiles noitli ei;;lil.\ Cue (le;;iees east { N. S,") ' ll.) iVoiii < 'ape \i/,- (Miiio. It rises til ail ele\ atioii i(l ; Iliu While li'oek (like I,m'"s Willi's rill.ii i ; AiideiMiii's Clill: (luster Celie ili'ek ( I lie w Idlest is tlie must coineal lillt lint t lie iarucst ) ; Mur^^aii L'ciek. at t lie end uf IJear llailior Cliiite, and Hear llailiar ti iaii.unlalicni slalimi, Just inirtliol .Miii;^aii iliiek. ('iilliiiicrii ('(in 11)- li'dil.jKiil. — llalla mile mirtliwaid nl Cape \'i/.cmiiiii in iIhs small ilideiilalicni 111 ilieslmle, Itilt It IS til lie ediisideled lai;:e :ii (•iiniparisuii Willi Weslpiui. K iliesillali, Newpiiit, rl> . it IS lii'iiad open to the iieeaii, lint I lie appruaelies are treei I rum Kieks i han ihunI ii|' llmse we luive ili'Mi'lilied. 'i'lie siiiitli piiiiil is liii iiied liv the niirlliein part iil'( ape \ i/eaiiiii, and tlie iiiirtii piiiiil is t'oiiiied li.v a Itiiid, sharp, poiiii, niV tlie south lace of winch lie se\eral roeky islets with no lassau't'W iiv lictweeii tlieiii and tli The north point or head !iestweiii\ three and one third miles noil h einhleeii decrees west (N. Ks W.) from I'oint ("alnillo. li is a iiaiiow, pointed iid preeipitoiis, sharp eliil. luo li'indnd Irel lii;;li, |irojeetiiiL;' three hiiiidicd ,\aids to the u est iioi i h"' cs!, iiimiIn on the pio|i)iiL;al ion of the iinitli shore of the eo\e, wilh ^iimmils of the roeky iirojeel ioiis sharp peaked. Se\eial meky islets lie for two hlindled and t welity ,\ aids lo the southward of its soiitheinmosl pail. I'ldlli le soiilli point till' distance is live islets III the nearest islet of the maii\ small ones oiV i liiiiiilicd and loity \aids, and the hearing; southeast by soiiili |SI'.. Ii\ .~<.). The innermost part of till' i'ii\e Is IJM' h II III I red ,ind thirty yards inside this line, 'f he neaicsl imk on the xiiitheasi is over luiiiiN lilt lii;;li. and Island K noli, t liree hundred \ aids hcMiiid am! desei ilied on the preceding M JC. IS I i\ crone hniidred Icet hi':li. lloili he.n rise tiom 1 he shore lii le ipiile sliar|ily, reaching I'uc liiiiidied feel elcvalioli III tuo liiiiidii'd \ards. .\loii^ the soiilheasl shore ol tl le co\ (' are se\ • IT 1 1 lucks aliove water, and in t he deepest part of :he indentation is a s.ind lieaeli t wo h inn I led and lilts sards Ion;; and lioideied li\ a liioad lieach at I iw water. The nai row ( 'oitaiie\ a \ alles , with a -mall stream niiinin;; throiiuli it. opens ii poii the sea heir. (Mi the no; ih shore tlieie are two liuv rocks inside the main uniiip. and a lew small ones clo>i' iiinler the shore and inside tiie low w.iiri line. Tlieie arc some laini houses at the moiiili of the valley a few hundred ya. Is liack liMiii the low sliiireline at its month. The land is liaie to alioiil ei;;lit or nine Innidred feet elcxa- liiiii and then tlie redwood forest l>et;iiis and is \eiy dense. There are a U \\ sinil.in nuLs report ed. the most imjioitaiit ot'wlii
  • r/.\ lie. one close on the iiorlluMsl side, and llie oi h"r close on the soiit licast side of the oiilei innsl rocl^s Islet olf the north poii t. Uilhtl i\ it; a Ions tile approaclies to this cose ,irc clear and hold, and the coSe it sell cIimi' ot' rocks except lie.M I lie shore line. rrnin the south an;,le of the north point an excellent suspension liiid^ze has lieeii carried one li. nulled and sescntylis e sards across to the nearest rock svlncli is aliont titf s feet aliose the .>'ea; tiii'ii across this rock the tiamvsay runs to the southeast point of it s\liere a chute is projected out 111 the southeastward forts lise sards osci lifteen feet ot ss.ilcr. .V sessel lies liloadside to I he (■hull', headin;; to the ssestss.ird, and cm casils uct to se.i uilh a iioithssest wind The liiiiilier is I'tlid nil the lock, liiit eseli at t Ins height, ol lilts Icet aliosc the se.n, the ss\ el! alter a sunt licast er will wash it awas unless it lie lashed down, and sometimes even the |ilaiikiii,u in the siispeiision III ul;;c is carrii'd aw as . There are liiiii piiiicijial moot iny; tiiioys laid here, three to tlie ssestwaiil of the cose and one 111 lli^ middle ot tlie entrance. 'I'lie outer Ihios.iii tliilteeli fat lioiiis. lieais soiilhsvest liy south '"^W . Ii.s S.) distant sesen hundred and sixts saids from the chute, the second luio.s, in ten and a li il! lalhoinx, nearly on the same hearing;, distant fi in hundred and sesen Is yaids troiii the chill e: 111' iliiid one. Ill eit;ht lathoins. also on thesaim- lieiriii;; iiearls.ainl distant tsvo hundred and tliiits sards from the chute. The mid cnti; lice, ol sunt licast liiios.lies III six fathoms, and is iisei to haul out to, and s.nl fioin in sontherl.s winds, liesidcs these there are ,ses oral inoiiiiiij;s a 'tlioii ■fasleniii^.'s alioiit the clinic lor sesseN to moor lo while loadiii;,'. ml ■f«i'<^«»| .M W TA;J. fi ( I hi'M /fe./-"TlJ 2lKi rACiiic roAsT I'li.or. m •« •y.| t 'I !'\ I •I ' k *h TIk' mill is locatcil on Hie iioitli bank (if tin' ('(ittiiiicva Cicok mIioiu one iliinl (if ;i mile IVoiii its moiilli. The itiiiilu'r i.s limnj^lit In tlif ciiiiic o\or a iiamway wlii/li wiiuls aloiiu (in tlic norili .siilf (if till' };iilcli at the level til' tilt.v two I'eet almv c tlie sea tn tlie siispeiision liiiil.Lie L(i;;s air liroii.ulit to the mill over a sleiiii lailwav I'nim ilie ('otiaiu'\a X'allev. The eaitaeit.v of the mill is twenty live thoiisaiid feet jier day. but the lamliii;; is nut ii>eil fur abmit lour months after Deceiii lier 1, and the mill is shut down dtiriiit; that time. Tiie a\ ciare nnmbe:' of eai.u'oes shiiijied hern i is tweni V tbiir nef aiiiiiim. 'I'liis aiichora^^c is eoiisidered a\ailal nortliwe-^l swell does not leaeh this II' \ I'sscls onl\ (Iiiriiij; the siiMimei' season; the hea\ of coast \\itli ils full force, bill the soillhwfst swell rol s(iuar( ly in. T le r,.,|M].;||,||||.;l| |„, sitioii of Cottancx a ('hiit( on the noi Ihwsi head of Kockiiort, as deh niiied b\ ihc ( 'nasi and (!( oilriic ^^lll \ e\ , is: l.aliluiir :!ll 41 iH, I.iMi-itnilo t-JI! l;i .■,',' In daniiaiv. l>s."i. ihe majiiiclic vaiiauon was ]■; i.sl. will 1 a \ earls increase of (l.'S, In 1siI'.M;ocI>iioi I ( 'o\ (' wa> know 11 as ihe •• .Siiiii!. Ai 'mraj. i; orl or ('ottanexa *'huie is also loeallv kno\ -s' Clinli In lS,s;5 the coasi road exieiided 1 line miles noi ili wai d of .Uockin |ioi I ; Ik \oiid Ihal ihere w . only a tiail available loi 1 1 aiis|iorlai i> i'tiltamfi I.iiikHiiii is barel\ laii;(' nioiij^li to lucp one schooner in safely iii fair wealhei Ilet^ecii ('otiaiie\a llock and llardv's iloek tli^ no 111,' is lioi'deicd w ilh rocks c|i nhore: but by li \ iii:; w ilh the lead saiiil> |ialchesc,iii be Inn ml, and a \ csscl w iili ;:nnd rn,und 1; can anclini in tl id,\ |ial( lies Willi a jiailial lee finiii t he northuesl sea, and in some ineasii iusidetlie fall stleiiulh ol the wind. Ci'ttiiiu r. >( (( I. inn Umk lies three hundred ami I\m nl \ li\e \ aids imrl Invest of the h|rh. .sjiarp noi llme-l point ol' iioekporl Cove. It is only about ten licl abnv ■ water, thirty ti\(',\,irds loiir;, and tifli-i ;i yai'ds bioad. It is resented to b\ sea lions. A kiikLui iml; is repoileil to lie three hundred yaiiN south ol Ihe Sea Linn Itock. Willliimn' I'liiiil i\ui\ Siijilii )■ I'litiih's I'liiiit, about a mile tothr noitliwaidof I'oekpoit, Iiim im spi eial mark m prominence and cm not be made on I li\ vessel . i\ rn i-|nsc under the land. I'iicN lie simply locd desiuiialions ol clilfs piojcil Iiil; onl\ om- hnmlrcd van •> olid the y'elM r. of the slioii' and marked b\ iiiaii,\ rockv islets and rocks. 'Ihe shore line lor t wo miles henri i. the noi'lln*ard is xcry biokcii and bordereil by many rocks, but none ox cr oiie-sixth of a mile limi shore. No kiiiiwn dan;:ers exist oiilsidc tin' xisiblc iim ks. Northwestward ol I'oekpoit ( 'o\'e lie-in shmi sii,i,li,.s ni sand bcaeli at Inw water, brokeii '. .jiittini: pdiiils. the two nieiitinmd abnve. oil wliiili le K 'Xlciidiliu at the ninsi il.i< humlreil yards iVnin .dime. At three and a hall niihs, iieail\. Irom l;oid>port lie the Iiimlil, ' Ii'ikI.s. lifleeii and twenty feel hi;;li, and two hnndied and liinel\ \aid.soll slioie. .\l li\c lies /'\\((/ /ox/,, alwaxs black in color, lill\ feet lii;^li, loii\ v.iids in cxiciil, ami t w o liiiiidiei yards otV a point of rocks. Six hnndied ,\ aids behind Ihc .shme line at this point iiie land iisc' sharplv to clcxen hnndied feel elexatioli, and then the icdwond lores! lie;;iiis, fli'il III! Iiriiinl I'll I'ssiil li'iiil.. — \\ one mile lliiic |s a dclilh ol lifle.ai ratlioiiis ol wall I ClK/I'd/l'r// over a boll of j.'ra> sand: at t wn miles. I Ini ly bill is n\ci siiinlai bnlioin : al three iiiih- ll" depth is lifiv three fathoms ov er yreeii mud, which is liisi 1 i^ht up tiom tilt> faihoins; al leu miles, si\i\ I un fathoms of water ov 11' ;.Meeii mini: .ii li\ e miles the de|iili is se\ei,i\ l.iilioiis. water ovei "iv,. II mini; at six miles. se\ciil.\ se\cn faihoins, and at sexcii miles ei;.dil\ li\eiii^ OIUS. bol h over '.lleeii mini. r.v.sd/ rf///( // — I'loii, Williams' I'oiiii the coast inns nearlv slrai^dii north t went \ loni de^;!! • West I N. 'J 1 W. ' four and i w n thirds miles to the open un: < if I'ssal \'alle\ , the imniili of w Imi at I! IC ileepi ~l imleiilalioii of the coast line bctueeii I'nini .\rena and I*, in' (bird. I, Niv ami miles noi'lh I Weill \ lour dc;.;i'ees west (.N. l-'i W.) Iioin ( ape \'i/.eaino, anil Iweiils nine iiiii I'Aciru: COAST PILOT. 297 i >*':' • "t iilii. ticii (IffiiTOS west (N. 10^ \V.) from I'oiiit (';iliiillii. The sniiill .str( am of the siiinc iiaiiit' runs ilii i-li ihis short vall;'y, lint lias not siillicicnl water to lucak tliroii;;li tlic sand at tlic nioiitli. |m, ;, MMWard tlio t'oiiisc of tlii' I'ssal is iiiarlicd ncii' tln'co,;st Ity a tlccp cafiori, wiiicli opens n|ion ;i i.ill area of tiat land with a low itcacli in front. I'xliiiid Ihis iiiarli and on llj<' sontli side of t!ir nicitith of tlio stream is a honse. from the inonlli of the valley the eoast inns to the west- iiiiiiiuest (WNW.) for three or four miles. .Meain vessels iniinin;,' close under the shore to the norlhward leeitj^ni/e Issal Valley liy tlui sliiii' depression, the smooth, j,nass;. hillock inside, and the far \ievv inside ; Imt it is o|)en for ,1 M ;\ short time. In ISS.S pre|iaratioi;., were liein;,' made to coiisiincl a chnle for the shi[)ment III liiiidier on the west >ide ol the moiith ot' the vidley. Shi Iter Ancln»-(iiii iifflliv Isstil Vultvij. — In the strong; northwest winds that prevail aloii}; short) IJKir is often a narrow strip Just under the shore wheie caliiis anil ii;,dit sontlierly airs oeeiir, as if Ihii. was an eddy (oiiiieil l>y the wind liaiikiii}; anainsl the hiuli. hold land of the coast. At (iiliii limes the wind lilows home very slron;;. I or instance, ihe Coast Hurvey steamer has several times anchored in tin' lii;;iit ntV llie I'ssal \ .\\\r\ and found coinpai.itiv ely sinoolh water there, even w ii.'U llie sIiihil; In'ee/.e was followilif^ llir iiiiiil of the land. The swell was lirokeii liy the iiiojcctin^; land in liie vicinity of IJi;^ Wliito l»(iiint; the S]trin}j months the winds at iiij,'lit freipiently litevv in heavy jiiisis from the land, ,iiul Ihis would rapidly smooth down Ihe sea raised by tiie north west w inds of the da.v. iijiin iir OtJ' slanr AiKhiiniiii.s/rmu I'ssul Vulliii ta Capv Mi'iiiliiciiiu. — 'I'lie snivcyin,:; steamer iisi'l III anchor, when vv<'alhei' permitted, wherever sandy liottoin was foiind. When torced liy ill. hciv.v iKirlhwest swell and wind to run southward, each of the follovvin;,' localities were at ililli'iriii liiiics anchored in: \hiiiit one mile cast sontlieasi : llSlv) l-om Siinhrick K'oek in ten fathoms of water over line L,'r:i> >.ind. in.e mile iilV the wreck of the Attir, . which is live and a half miles north of l!iu' flat. •' ■ mile wfsi of the Litln wreck, three miles nurtli of j'.i^; h'lat and aliout half a mile oil' ^li. < 'i all' a mile otf the e hdiise in laniiewilji the shed mi llielieaeh. SiMiietiiiies just insidt^ of the kelii patches otV this siretch of the .shore in frniii ei^^ht to nine I'.illiiiiiis of water. I lie rest iif the coast from Shelter Cove to Cape Mendocino shonid lie avoided as anchiira;j;e.s I'll .ic'iiiint of Ihe foul liottoni, the peculiar currents, the |Hii\lmily of daii;;ers, and the stieiigtli (if till' w inds. /.'/|/ While lu'ck. — I'"roni I'ssal \alley the slei p sides of the coast ran j;e };idw steeper; the "ii^tirail kee|)s hi^jher and runs into the luroi. The sand lie icli lireaks olV aliriiptly at I'ssal \.illiv. I>i^' White Iioek lies one and five sixths miles Irom I'ssil \alley and thirty miles north t'Vii;' , I wo ile^ree.s west (N. "Jl." \V.) Irom Point C.ilMillo. Ii is almnt eighty vards liy forty in Mil-Ill. aliout one liKlidred '"ct hi;;li, and une hmnlicd and Iwciilv vaidsfiom the sleep shiire, idiicli is liordeied !•> many smaller mcks. sunie nt which are over twenty feet hi;;li, Imt all close iii-hnie. One iixk itinish lies two ■ ;!,dred and sixty yards nlV slioie and south lifl.v dcLriccseasl 1.^. 'ill i;.) tliiec hniidii'd and seveiitv vards from lii;; While i.'nck. .\ sceond (vr/, tiicd.sli lies liallW IV lieiweeii tin se two. Two other rucLs iiiri(sli lie. !especiiv elv , I mi hundied and ninety ami 'Mil hiiiiilred yards oil' shore and lieariii;; north eli^dilv three depicts west (N. s:P W.) live liiiii'lii d and sixtv \ aids, and nm ih ei-hty decrees wot (N.Sd W.ci'ihl liu'idrcd \ aids from lii;,' Whit- iliiek. 1^ ^ White Hock is i|Uilc a liola'ile fcatnic in ihe d.et.iils ol tin- shoreline, and especially ;!ii|"iiaiit when the hij^her parts of the shoie are under to;;. Ililiind l!i^' While Hock the fuii «t conieN within two liundicd vards of !he s' a, Imt at an ' I'Vi'iiui <•♦' seven or ei^;hl hundred net. U ■Irtrnftnijiliii hriKiil e//' /.'•// \l7(,(c !\'i)' k. — ,\ I one Mile fmm the shore Ihe soniidiiius show a 'I' "f . weniy fathoms uf water ovci a liotlniii nf line gravel and y:!av sand : at two niiles, fm ly. lii'iiiis over ^ra^v sand; at lliiee niilcs, lift;* eii;hi fathoms over ureeii mud, whi.h is lirst t l'\ \^iC<4 ':;!:' rf« I '1 IJlf ' *^ t; 298 rArilTC COAST PILOT. found lit a tloi)tli of fifty fiitlioins; at four riiilcs, sixlv-iiiiit' fatlioms over urccii inml ; at live iml, >; wviMity-scvtMi fiitlioins; at six iiiilcs, t'i{,']il> fatiioiiis; and at scxi'ii iiiiit's fijiiilylivc tadioms o, , i giTi'ii imid, as were tlu> proccdinj;' soimdiiifis. Xiiithpnrt La»(Unij. — Tins laiidinj; (abandoiu'il l.-S-S) is at a very slifjlit indi-ntatioii of Mm' stOi'i) siioi't's one and lUU' i|uartt'i' iiiiics niU'lIiwcst fiom IJiit While Uoi k. uudcr a lii;;li and sli;;||i|\ lii'ojcctinj; point named l.iltir Jdchdus I'niitt, It is tliirty one miles noilli twenty lliree and a IimIi (le;jiees west (X. L'.'i.P W.) fioin I'oiiit Caliiillo and ei;;'hl ndles iiortli loiiy de;,'rees west (N. in W.) from lioekport. Nortliwestward of this cove tiiere are no other eo\is lor three mile-, .iii there is one of aliont the same size half a mile eastward and neater lo lii;^- While Itoi'k. j ii, point wliieli t'orms the shelter to Noiilipoit rises to three hundred leel in two hundred ,\arcl.s, nul its eastern side runs one hiindreil yards norihwaid, then northeastward for three hundred yaiiU. and then <'ur\('s sharpl.v to the soulhoast lor li\c liuiidred _\anls. I i the deepest part oiijn' euive a small laeeU. ealh'd the lallle .lai'kass, enters throuLih a luoad low waler lie.ieh. 'I'lnu ■> cue small loek thirty live yards west ol' the point, and a kidiLiii ruck foui' hundred .\ards Mnnh lil'ly-seven decrees east (S. oT ' 1'.) Irom the point and one hundred and t\\ent> ti\e yards oil ihr souiheast shoreline. A line of live rocks, three hunilred _\aidswe.>i from the poinl. lie^ \\i\\\\\ and south lor one hunilred ami eighty yanls. The outer rock lies three humlreil ,\ aids from sli.rif. The middle one is known as Jackass t'one and is tweulylive feet lii.nli. The I iiidinu' is broad open to the si'a, lull llu' proteetiiui is said to lie moderately yood. a^ ihc line of icicks at dackass ("one breaks the swell, which also appears lo lie lessened under rcini Dil^.id;; ami i'oiiil tlorda. I'lie lamlinji is axailahle for si\ nionlhs in the \ear. 'I'he Vessels were loaded by means of a wire cable stretched I'lum nea'' the eMii'mil\ ol tli jioiut, between their masts to a heavy moui im;- to the ea--t ward in Ihe cnx e. .\ iMue loaded w i'li tan bark was lowered from the landing slace lui the elilVdowii aliuij; the cable ami ovc Ve>sel s (Ire The head iiiooiiim lor the \e.vse il otV ihe prolonu.ition of the poim iiithward. and olhei mocuiiius and slmie fasleninus were lived ii ieep the \ cs^cl in position. The j;eoj;raphieal position of the < oast and (n'odelic Sui \ ey staliiui on the noilliue.Ni i. \\ .■ h.m- located his cape at < 'ollani'va. Ili/ilri'iirniilii/ niirlliinnil III' tin Xiiijiiiit r/ui/i.— The slal'ou inside the elilV al Neupeii liy roinl ! is in latilmle '.'.I .tl' ■_'.;. Icii-ilude iL'.i |ti';;i'. Ili-nce to the noiihwol .ilii,i--i tlu' coast in lalil ude .I'.i ."ip the three lall.om line keeps close to the rocky shore and Just oiil-iilc the idckv i'-lets which skill II. I ii many cases, as just soul liof New poll < 'hule, south of Kibesil'ili ( liiilf. l.iMie .l.iekass. and .\ndeisoii"s Clllf, Ihr di ep Walci ic.iijio III the poMil of llir c lilts avera;;e ili^taiicc of this depth from Ihe shore is three huiidiid and lilt.v vanls; but in sonic li» eases i.solaled dain;eis lie outside Ihe line, as-s^wil/ei's K'ock and Sea {.ion b'.ick near roll.iiic.i. In lln' bii.;ht near I'ssal K'nel there are isolated patches of kelp licaih to lli;: While Ion k. I he bottom alon;; the lliree fathom lini' is ;,feiieially rockv. The ten lalhom line a vei,i;jes a distance of half a mile (Vom ^luuc, but is le>s th;in one .] • of a mile olf near New port t'hule. r.inhers i'oiui. ,ind « oi.meva ('huie. Ahui;; the liu- f.ithoins Ihe bottom is ueiieiall.v loekv with patches of ,iav sand .ind broken shells. The tweiitv lalhom line avciafjes a mile liom -.le.ie but ibieast Issal b' Ihe bottom is ;^enei .dlv ;ra\ s.m i:ici cases il, ivceot w here tl to iMie and a half le e line i'Iom'* on the ' when It IS found lo be lock.v. The tifl.v ■fathom line is three miles (roin slietc over a Imtf. .n i iH,\y abreast t oltanev a I he distance of the (ills f:illioni line w utt.,^ one atnl three i|i .uleis -hole, In all casc^ the deplh llicleases e lalholi"- 'Ihe line of el;;lil \ fathoms lies abi I'll si\ or se\ eli mile ott si liottoin lliroii;;lioiit is ;,'reen mud. lore ai-d Is i|ii r. /\i//i - 111 winter the storms tear away the kelp trom the shoal I'oel, \ III itoticv si> itlHt a V< mav be misled in sprinj.; bv not seciiij.: it. Iliil in dfe|i wa'er, eiixhi to »«ii**«i'ii latl lOllls. 'Ill' \: \\ mn,.. PACIFIC COAST PILOT. 299 « inter },'iili's do not tear tlie kc!]) away, and tlifrcforc in tlic .sjirinp a vessel may go safely lliron;,'Ii ih' TlIK rOAST-MNK To POINT DKI.riAPA. iul I'i'oni Ni'VthiJoit llic jifiicral trend nl' tin- coast to I'oint l>rl};ada is nortli fiCtv-iive dcytrces t I N. ;').">- \V.) and tin- ilisiaiicc twelve miles; lliesiiore tails haeli alioiit one and one (|iiarler > IVoin tills course. 'I'lie coast is lioid, eonipacl, and vers liif;li,and the inonnlains rise tooviT llioiisand feet within tive miles of tlie<'oast. In part tliev are l)are-to|i|ieil, and sonn'times li.ni trees upon them. The trianj;ulati'>n of the Coast and (leodetic Survey locates several of tlu! Iiuiii'r pea lis a Ion;; the coast ran;:e. These pea Us are lrei|in'iill.v seen and rcco;;ni/.ed l>,v the coasting,' si, liners when ten or lilteen miles oil shore, over the thick lia/e Ivin;; low alon;;- the shore and ,• ealin;; it. And at other times they are visilileto vessels motlerately close inshore, over the |ii» I'o^j. No known dan;;ers lie fiirt!ier than a cpnirter of a nule otf the shoie. Aicui;;' this stret<'h of coast are ii'i names ol importance or descriptive to the navi;,Mtor. Tin > all have a local tlaviu'. and the olijccts desi^iiiated can be reeo;;nized only when a vessel is .Miiiin a nnh' or less of the shore. Anih ymnt's ClijV. — .\ slnut distance noithvvcst ward of tin' recession of the shoie at I'ssal ("reek ih. ic is a Ion;;, ronndin;,' curve of the lii;;h coast ri,"> !•;.) from .sjirltcr Cove. Iljlilnuiriiplni i>tV A mli rsaii's ('HO'. — .\ t a distance of one niih' from shore the soiitidinus ;;ive a ill pth of lilteen fathoms of water over line f;ray sand ; at tuo miles lortylivc fathoms, line ;;i'ay s.it'il: at tliiee miles lilts nine lallioms over ;;reeii miid, which is liist foiiiiil ;ii lilty fathoms; at Inn I miles sixty nine lathoiiis, ;;reeii nind ; at live miles seventy I wo fallioiiis, ;; recti mud ; and at M\ miles seventy nine lathonis over ;;reen mud. ■ hicLiiss y a small la;;o(Ui iceeiviiin water from l\\o small slrcains. one iVom the southeast iind the 'itlier from the north. .\ hi!!, seven liniidred I'eet hiuhwilli piccipilons front on t lie o<'ean. lies Mill- third ot' a mile on the northwest, and ;Niotliei. tliiee hundred feel lii;^h u illi steep ocean llaiik, ir.ii hill;; dow n lloiii Anderson's ClilV, lies jiisl to the south. The i;iileh is in latiliide ;i'.l .">J ■ iioi ||i. Cliialr)- i'liiif liml; is the whitest, most conical, but not the lai^est ot a Miiall cliisti'r of liiy;h II iKs cxtendin;; two hundred and tweniv live \ards iVoiii the liii;li point w liieli foiiiis vvliat was I'lhieily known as Hear liaiboi'. It is about eighty feet lii;;li. anil lies linir and two lliirds miles iii'itliwest Ironi \V\]i White |;oiir!ler Cove. The lai;;esi ii,c|< js sixtv vaids in extent and over one huiidred teel in height. Till -e roeks serve to break the luutliwest ihieh lolls into the small cove under the point. e w ater outside is shallow . I'ormerlv material was landed riiis cove is a sli;;ht iinlenlatiim of the shore line, but priiiiipallv foiiiiid bv tlie hiuh point niiiii;; out one hundred vards to.vards the southeast. 'I'lie low vvalci beach runs east iVom very lie. II the extremity of this point, and th III : t.ikeii toll! here in li;;lilers. Inside the poiii! there is a small slieaiii whose main biaiieli conies for a mile iVom the west ii'iiiiiwest parallel w itii the -hole, and oiilv (Uie hiindicd to two hiiiidred v aids tiehiiid it : but Mir iid;;e between the stream and the shore uses to over three h ill id led lee I clev ation, and is (pij|t> ■I t' it are in the loeality, iltliou;;li not so ma iked as a larger and similar mile to the west iK'i III west. n f , lif ''\% i ]()0 PACIFIC COAST riliOT. The latitndo of riiistor <'onp Rork is .ifP r.lij' north. Thcaurvt'yiiif; ttttaiiuT iiiichonMl scvt'iiil times lM'h)w mid just outsicU those rocks and foiiiHl {^ood holiliny fj:r(>und, with tlie wind anil sea inueh lifjh'er than onlsiih-. linir lltirhor iMihlini/. — \'er,\ nearly half a mile we^t northwest from Clnslcr Cone IJock li. ^ a patch of rocks extemliiij; two hnmlred yards from the hij^h, rocky clilVs. 'l"hc area of liicsc to j rocks is about one hnmlred yards l»v tilt v, and tliev were formerlv !• known as !\Iorj an's i;arallel with the enlist line for three or toui' hundred yanls, and has a deiiression of ime hundred and twenty feet bciiiuil it. Within half a mile itiland the steep mountain side reaclies iiiiu' hutidrcd feet elevation at llie lower ed;,'e of the fercst. On the eastern proloti^cation of this ridjje lie the rocks midway towaiiU It shows very ]miiiiii- A low-water be, eh the Morjian Hocks themselves, ami CliistcrCom> Itocks, is close iushort the Morgan Ho neiifly from tl direction of Shelter Cove when a vessel beyiiis abreast this ridfjeaud borders tin- steep shores to the noitli west ward tor about thiee mil(>, HjldriK/rdjihii dJT Hair Ihtylmr. — Otf ISear Harbor the water shoals suddenly to a deptii m fifteen or twenty lathoms. This baidi cu- jdateau extends towaid the m.rthward. At cuu' iinlr from the shore the s(Uimlin;,'s show a di'i>th of se\ fiiteeii or eijjhteen fatlnmisof watei- over a boIii>iii ofjrray sand; at two miles, twenty fathoms, t;iay sand; at three miles, twenty-nine falhoins, ^i.i^ v nine tathonis of water over lockv bottom, this beiii;; the taiiofllie sand at four mil thirt Tolo liank; at five miles, forty nine fathoiiis, jjrec n mud; ami at six miles, sevcuty fathoms, « {iravel and jj;ie( n mml. XvitUc IxiH'l;. about twiutv yards in extent and thirty feet hij,'h. lies within ten yards of III' .shore line inside the h aler beach. It is six and three i|Uartirs miles south sixty-t wo dcy^iiTS east(S. (!l'~ I:.) from I'oint I)elj;ada. ir/i((/r (liihh is li\e and three iiuai !ers miles south sixty t'oiir dej,nees ca.st (.S. <1P V..) Imiii Point l)elj;aila. It is tlie name of a tertiai \ trian!.''ilation station. The .shore is very stee]), ainl tour hiiiidied yaids liroad oil' it lies a rock about twenty yards in extent. The line of forest, two thiids of a mile inl.uid, is ;it sixteen hnmlred leet elevation. The coast trail leaves the si Hire Uid •lids the lid;;e to the liorthni st. I'liiiit .Vo Viiss is no point bur a \ery siif^ht ronndlin pinieelion where the tia\eler eaiiinit pass aloiiy the sliiie. It is (ive miles southeast wardly !'ii 'ii I'oint l>el;:ada. W'liilf Uiiik is ;i small rock Just outside the lo\\«alir beach and Ibiii miles sonlheasl wai'lly from I'diiii I (el^'iida. I'nlNf l)i;i,i;.\I)\ AMI slIl'.l.TI'.lt invr.. k\ \ I'oiir and a half miles southeastward from I'oint Dei^ada the sea waul lace of the coast i IS ,1(1 Ion;,'! r eiiveied with ;;i\issoi uitli tiuesl, lint with a dense, moderately low brush, kien. the ;;eiieial came of chemisal, TliiS pi eseiits a nnilorm and \ei,s dark ureen foliage. At \* (iiileh a sliarii iidi:e bej;ins to use at the coast line :ind iiiiis slraif^ht to the northwest li> (N\V. by N.i to it s ciilminalion al Clu iiii.sal Mmiiildiii. which is t\\eiit.\ live hundred feet liij;i lie and one >-i\th miles frmii the shine, almost overhaiiyiii;^ tin Tl IIS mountain lie: lt\-t Wo ile;;i St (N. I'',. I two and nine tenti DelKad; Tl •s Irciiii the sdiitlierii part nl' I ' loie line oltliis ;;ieat I idy:e is iiearlv st iai};ht , and closely lioriU'ii d b,\ a not over two hiiinlied and lltt\ \ards from the shore In anv The h mpael coast mountains continues northwestward, but from its seawaid Hank a dill I'aeed pli destitute of forest, and rislll; ;iailiiall\ from twent\ me hnmlred ami tWentv feet in lici^;li i! ,! bill"! k li.s f I'oiil 1-M,1.I mil. t(i the :i|ir"ii iiiii'i 'I. [icIjiiiiI at Ihi' iwaiils imnui- lie, (I'll ■l-tll nl ;^ 1iiin"iii (if I he fflH ' . of tlic ,j lllllll ']). .mil II lliil "mmmmmlmge*' ■""' -•l>w...>j . Zf-^r^^eH^fTT;^: :^r- Alioiii I tiiilr (-•liflN aii.l r.„k.. ,„t li! „„IoH SK. fr.-in Sh.-Ker (.'ovp. Alidiit { milR. . ■ . t:ai^,i^_^-^ y'?'^-''rc:j. ." ,4 I .i 1.1- *■■" '■ «»*.jj«^ J ' -ij/-'*"''; "jpi'ii" •*4r»^'?wr|?-»y-.UiX5'_ I'liiiil Dtl^juiia, N^^ liy W.ri imlen Slultfr C.v,. |i,i„K l,ri>;lM „li,|,. ,„ 1,,.,,^ v v\v „,„| Hlicr f,ir wi^Hl nidi- ut it. I rifjlit y.-ll,)-,v dirt'. Deuse cliaparral. u«a \ m it II II' li|-i : t'i ^ I '■■''' k 1 I , 1 i * ti 1 r ;iii II SI, Ill -Ira SU II II Sh «1, 11 1 Irli l.lll W Inl - Ill sti- line 1 1. ■ >ili;. ,1 .1 Til ;^oi .1 !< >lll Iii'il ll mil nil' h'ii \\ ( • .'N I'lM -: 11 /.-( ''. 1 V. fl ini .III nth r.ll, ' 'l ■I'll. Ki\ '//■(t /'"/ i'.r h ') lii> |.n|l 1 II |MI >i n . 1 If! lll( 'hi h.i'i lirs li. out ■ 1 1 r '' i 1 ll Ills I'A<;n"IC CdAsT I'lLOT. 301 t I I'Mpiill.V iiHTt'iisiiii; to nil*' tliniiMiiiiil, iiiiiki's .si|ii:iit' iml, Hir iimt iiiii' iiiilr rioiii tlii' ;;('iiri'al I.I of lli«' niiisl. This is I'oiiil I»(i;;ail;i, wliicli is sixt.v tivc iiiiil two tliiriis miles iiorlli thirty i|. -it'cs west. (N. :W W.) from Point Ah'Iiii l,i;,'lit iioiisc, iiiiil iiiiictfcii iiiii! two Ihinls iiiih's south siM\ ilcfiiiM's cast (S. t;(i ' !■;.) from I'niiit (ionhi. From Ciiiic Mi'ikIocIiio il is tliiil.v miles soiilli- (,i :iil\, follow in;;' tile ;;eiieral treml of tlie shore. The seaward faee of this |ilateini is one milu l.i: - III a northwest li.v west ami southeast li.v east ilireetioii, anil is lioriiered hv many rocks, es|'>eially at the soiitlieininost point where sunken rocks exteiitl over lialf a mile from shore. ii-.iic of the southern piiiiit of tliis plateau Ihc shoie retreats over one Ihinl of a mile to the n.i:|iv\ai(l, with a laecipitoiis fioni rising' rapidly to live hiimlied feet in liei;iht, anil still lii;,'lier 1,1 ihe northeast and east. I'loiii this northern sweep of the shore it turns to the east northeast .iii'l iln II totliceast southeast to Point Mai Pass, nearly one mile euHtwiird from the sotithwesterii {.< lit of Ihe hailior. sIk III f Coi-f is formed liy this recession of the shoredine, ami is a very f;ood refu;;(> for siiilin^; 111' '.leam vessi'ls dm iii^ heavy summer w inils. It is Itroad open to the southeast, and a largo s\m!I ahva\s rolls in. Slieltei' ("ove is a j,'ood iiorlliwest lee, lull it is a daii;;eroiis aiiehora;;e in southeasterly weather, «li. 11 the southwest swell always comes up. In such a swell it in not safe to anchor in less than Itii l,itli(iins of water. \\ hell tlieii' i-i a iii>,'lit luee/e in suirmer it is };enerally from the north, and Mows down tlm Iiil!> and thioii;;h the t;or;;es with sudden and great fury. To avoid drag;;in;;, the surveying >ii'iiiici' loiind it aihisalile to lie to liotli anchors. Steamx cssels coining Iroin the south anil >i 1 l>iii;.' for Shelter ('o\e in fo;;gy weather inn within iiiiei|iiiirter of a mile of the shore, and kecip tli!i distance theieliom liy the echo of the whistle. I he iniiuiitain.s of the coast range north and south of Point Delgada arc very high ami iniiko ::ii' >l landfalls far out at sea, lull their individual chaiacleiistics have not lieeii sketeheir or >iiiilii(l. l''rom the deck of a icssel tlie hi;;lier peaks should lie visible at a disianci* of seventy- ti\, miles, es|iecially licfoie sunrise in favoralile sveathcr. A vessel should just lie able to niakti mil l\iii ' \\ .) {•\)i,\\\ and one lliiid miles fidin Point l>elgada and two and a half miles from thu 111,1^1 line, when alireast of Point .\reiia. I.iiiiihuinks for I'nint IhtijiuUi diiil Slultir Ciiri. — Kaliina (litV; cottage and liarn on the beach liiiwieii the wrecks of Iln- /,//(( and Actirc, the former three miles north of l!ig I'lat, the latter li\r ;iiid a half miles north of Pig I'lat; (Muda Pock; Sea Lion Pock; Miisse? Pock, red and imiir.d, with a dome shaped ruck just behind it on the beach ; Steamboat Pock, and Siigar-luaf ur I .Ipr Pock. 'I'lie iliiiiiji rs otV Point l>i'lgada and at Shelter Cove are as follows: ri\e ei^;hths of a mile sniilheast (SIv) i'rom the southern exliemity of the point is a reef with //III jiiiuilx iif roth ha\iiig lilteen leet of water iipiui them, but four fathoms and over lieyond the |i.i'i li iif kelp, w hich is I wo liiilidnd \ aids in eMeiit and niai ks this foul bottoiu. lii--ide of this daiit,'er and six hundred and twenty live xards east southeast (I'^.SK.) from tlio I'liihi there is another sinil.cii rmk, with foiiiteen feel of water upon it. It is marked by a small |r,i:i II iif kelp, anil there is a depth of li\ e lathoms oulside it and three fathoms between il and ilie iiieakers oiii^ hundred jardH westuard. The visible rocks oil' the south point extiiid about three hiindied and fifty yards otV shore, iii'l iliii clly south of the point for iicaily oui' mile the (ground is broken and irregular, with two |i.iii lies of four and a < plait er and foni fal hoiiis iit half a in lie and I uo thirds of a mile, respectively. llir oilier area of megiilai bnlloiii is two hiiiidied and lilly .\aids in exielil and is marked by a l.ii.:ii Held (if kelp, which reaches to six falhoiiis ui waler Inwaids the south. The inner, foiir- I ii'l I hall lalhoiii spot has no kelp, liiMde these two areas. .•••>] In aiilig soiilhvest by south (SW. b.\ S.) fiom Ihe siuitliein point ;uiil niily se\eii hiimlied viiils Ir. . Inside the eastern (latcli. .\iiclior in tivo w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) & {< .<**J^ z 1.0 I.I ■50 ■^" ui Big £f L£ 12.0 •» »r 1^ 1^ 1^ IJ4 <% V Hiolipgraphic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WWSTEKN.,'. MStO (7.6) •73-4S03 ^^ ;\ i i , 302 PAciKie coAsr pilot. ratlMnns witli tli«' <'xtr«'iint,v of tin- piiii t licariiifr wcsl {W .), and the llaf; staff on tlio spur, tlm . Iiuiiilif tlirt't* iMllmni line is two Imndrcd \ards distant in llic north, and tli«> l)lnlV seven hundred yards distant. The nearest pirl of the point towards tin west is SI ven hnmlred .vards distant. N'essels eoinin;; np the coast tiom tiie southeastward, when I'oinl Deijiada bears northwest liy west (NW. by W .) tlistant live miles, will see a veiy bii^ht, hij;h elilV. tour times as hi};li as ii is broad, to the eastward ot the roeks at the point, that alVords a (^ood m.M'k tor rnniiin;r in to tin' aiu'hora;;!'. liiiii},' this bri^iht slith' to bear north- northwest (NNW.) and run tor the west sidr ol ii Schooners working np trom the suiitheastwurd can make short tacks under the shore to a\ ami a i|Uarter t'alli nt water to the outermost of three imHuin^ buoys where tin- \\.\ji stall' bears mirthttest three-i|uai'li is north (NW. ij N.), the sonth'-rn poiiit west southwest (WSW.), and the ouleiinost visible Ki.k south southwest (SSW ). I'.ut a visible rock lyin;; southeast three quarlers south (SE. f S.) is only one hundied and twenty yards distant. 'I'he secimd buoy inside is in fourteen feet nt water, and the iniu'rinost om- maiks a xiiiihtii rmk with three feel of water upon it. A short distam-e inside the inner point, where the clitl is sixty or seventy feet hi;;h, thcic Iki-. been built out to be\oml low water inaik a iliy stone pier about sixty feet in extent, at wliirh lij^hlers load and uidoad ear};o for the steamer. TlieU' are two lifiliters (ISS")), one of I'oitv .iiui one of ten tons. A wa^on road has been made al(m;,Mlie laee of thiselitl' from this pier. 'I'li< main articles shipiied are farm proilm'ts ami wool. The latter is bron;:ht by pacK trains from tlic south tork of I'.el llivei', and for distances of thirty miles. The principal article brony:lit lin ■ froiUiSan I-'raneisco is salt, with hardware, Hour, sn^ar, and {general lnerellamlist^ The point- where the li;;liter used to land befon' the pier was built is iimler the reel imiUinu out 4>iie liundreil and thirty live yards frcun the fonitli small point fiom the harbor outside of it to the westward. It is about six hundred yards weslwaid of the liaibor where the blulf is i ilv twenty feet hi^di. The li;:htcr was moiued oil' the blulf niitler the protection of the reef. A {jooii wa};oii road leads from Shelter Cove into the interior, and the coast lrleurii|ili line ])asse.H four tides from the cove. This liarbiu' is the best open rcfu>;e between Trinid.id an. I .Meiiilocimt I'.ay, and may be rejxarded as a harbor of rel'(i};e ftu- small coasters which have e\|" rieiiced heavy weather oil' Cape .Mendocino and are short «tf wooil and water, b.Mli of which miv be olitained here from one ^tr two f;iilches opening; on the .sea. l'"roni the livefathom aiichnia-c- there is fresh water in Me ravine bearing: norlh. In \^M an Indian village existed in the botiixn of the wi)(>ded ravine «me mile further to the eastward. There is always a swell here and boat laiidiiii; is not always easy, but the wind and swell n.' in <;reat measure moditied by the protect iiui of I'oint (iorda ami Cape Mendocino: and tlieiiiM fofis lose some of their density and chilliness close under this hifih mountain eoast. Althimt;li there are notrees upon I'oiiit I)el;;a the sea. I'ln' l''i:ii jiassed throuy;!! the reef without pr«'viously knowing; its dan>;ers and landed where the iliil i^ about forty feet hi},di. The geofjraphieal position of the station is: I.ntilmU' ii«itiiili' 121 HI (II .;( \Msi, Or, Ml time si' n;" k;".:!. The eompnted may;iietic variation for January, l.SS."», is ITTiJ' east, and it is increasin;; .ilmiii ().'(> yearly. rpon old Spanish cliarts an indefinitely located point is desij,'mitpd roint !»elj;adi': as tin t' is no other |ioiiit of mark in this vicinity it doiibtU-ss refers to this. La I'eroiise, in 17.S7, called it I'lintadeHlada. Tebeiikoff's chart, ISIS, lo.ites Toiiit \ i/caim> in latitude .'{!» -I.S.V, lonptude iL'.'t .j.'i', but the adjacent shore to the east does not auree with that at Shelter Cove. We have applied Tebenkoll's name to the point at Cottaueva in latitu'i ;J!i'-' iliif' north. He applies the name I'oint Delopjado or Delegado to Puida (Jonla. I'A(?II'I(; COAST I'll.OT. 303 'I'lu' prcst'iit iiiiini' was a.ssi;;ii(>0: its relation to tlio coast is well exhibited on tho new chart from Point Arena to Cape I'l.iiiiiias. Ilililiiiiiniplii/ off' '^liiltfr i'ltri: — Itroad otVllie c<»ast line in latitude.'!!) ">!', on a bearin;; sontli- \rM half south, the depth increases with comparative rep:iilarity. The li\elathoni line is two liii!:ilrr(l ami lil'ty yaids from shore with irre};iilar tieldsot' kelp inside; the ten-l'atliom line is half .1 mill' I'loMi >hoi(> with bottom of line ;;ray sand; the t weiitylathom line is one and five-eighths iin.i > iMim shore, and the thirlyl'athom line is two and oneeiiihth miles with similar hotlom; the liii\ lailiom line is at three and oMe-ei;>hth milesoser };reen mud; then<'" to se\en miles the depth ii iilii'il is about seventytive I'athoms o\er Ki'cen mud. The line between line;,'iay sand and ;,'reen iiiiiil i-- \t'ry nearly tlii' line of forty (athoms, /'./«/// Ciimiilx iiiiif Slicllcr i'm-t: — The cuirents al(Ui;r the coast from Newport l.findin;.; to Sill III I Cove aie ipiite irre;;ular ilurinf; the summer. In two seasons the coast surveying; steamer iVriliii iill\ found a set to the northwcKtward closci inshore, while the p'lieral movement was to Ihr -.niiiliiMst ward alon^ the coast. Miiltir Con — riiniiits In I'ninl rila.—\l the open aiichorafics between roint l>ely;aila and I'liiii (liirila the Coast Survey steamer found the current rnnniri}; to the north«isl ward at the Mil' iif line to om- and a half knots with very few 4-\ce]itions. 1'he slren;;th of the eiirient seemed 111 \,ii\ from day to ila\, as did its breadth. Will n the steamer was siirveun;; in the submarine valleys in this stretch of coast the currents mil iiiiiiiil pai'ticniarly irregular and conllictiu^. //,, I'lilii /.'((»/••.— Immediately north of this )>'iiiit on the coast, in latitude ,'il) ' .■>4' north, the Miiiiiiiinus iiiilii'ate the presence of a bank, wliid! stretches four miles northwest by north, some- uImi |i.ii.iilel to the coast, and then runs inward to I'oint l>el};ada. The tail ol' tiiis bank at iJiiiiv l.ilJMinis is in latitude .'iti ' .'>-{' and four and one ipiarter miles from shore. .\s the bank is liilliincij (o the norlhwest ward it decreases irrej;ularly in depth to the (Iniiiinl Sirtll l.nhic, where tlir lia>l \Natcr found is a depth of seven and three iinaricrs fathoms at three miles south sixteen ilimns east (S. Iti'^ v..) from Point Delyada and three miles bioail oil' the coast. This irre};ular liil-i iiiM-rs an area of over one sipiare mile, in which the sounding's ian;;e in spots from seven .iml lliii'ci|iiaiters to seventeen fathoms. The shoal jilaces inside of lifteen fathoms aiv well iiiailcil by six or seven fields of kelp. Immediately nortii of this shoalest jiart of the bank the ili|illis iciii'h twenty fathoms in a few places and decrease towaids Shelter Cove and Point ltil;;,ii|:i, o\er },'ray sand and rocky bottom, to svilhin half a mile of the iniiiil, when patches of •M l| liir in (i\e to •■icven fathoms of water. The breadth of the bank within the twenty fathmn liiiis is lioni one to two miles. I'lMiii the shoalest parts of this bank, where the depth is ten faliioms and less, the larjjc wrsliiiy swells of the Pacific sometimes lueak. Observations have been taken ujion these breaks «liiii the lai';;e irronnd swell was rolliii;t in frmn the westnorthwest without any local wind to i.iiw while caps. iiisiile of the bank the water is deeper for a mile or two and then shoals to the shore, where till' Irn latlmiii line is only half a mile distant therefrom. The three-fathom line average-"* aiils from shore. The shore line is bordered by rocks, ;,et they are never I 'iiikI iiiitsiile the ihiee-fatliom line. Alonji the crest of the bank the soundinjjs indicate rocky bottom ; inside of it there is fine :i'i> f:\ui\, with occasional casts of eoai-.se f;ra\el and I'loken shells. Outside of tlu^ bank the »iiiiiImi;;s drop to fifty 'athoms al less than six miles from the shore, with a bottom of };reeii mud, «i'i lathom line m two and u half miles off thu KJioro with similar bottom, and the forty fathom tu': tl " Ii w h, ''< lil i:< 304 TACIKIC COAST I'lI.OT. lint' \n tlirt'o ami twotliinis inili's from tlir sliiiro willi tiii*> f^ray Nitii witli a holtoin of f;n>«'ii iiii.l, Tlu' snltmariiu' valley to tin- wt'st-soutliwcst of Point Dt'lj^aila is«l»'s«TilMtl on pagi'H .'{(►!», .'{|(t. . i, . I'lioii this bank tlio cnrn'iils arc conllictin;;. (hi several oeeasions llie <'iiast Survey \( ^^ ! was ill tills liieality, ami slie f'.iiiml lierseirdiirtiii^ tlirectly to winilwaril witli u stroii<; nortln^. m wiml Mowing aiul a roii<;li .sea. Oiitsitle the limits of tlie liank tlio current wan setting to \\,i- Houtlieastwai'd with the wind and sea. In Oetolier, 1S7-, we were anchored two or three miles oil the roast about nine or ten in i - south of Shelter Cove. The current was found riimiiiif: to th« northward. The siih eiiricin \ii, directly «ui shore, the leads of the lishing lines Iteiiifj carried tu tliu eastward. There was \m\ little wind, a moderately large swell, and clear weather. POINT DKI.OADA To IM NTA noliDA. I'linta Gonlii lies nineteen miles noidi sixty degrees west (N. Cioo W.) from the nortliwiM part of I'oint Ih-lgada, and the shorediiii- recedes two miles to the nortlieastwaid of thai cu ii>i about four miles northwest lioni the hitter point; it then curves to the westwani again to Big Flat, which lies m-vcii and two tliirds miles north tiltylive degrees wi'st (N. ."»,"»' \\.) fiom ihr Name point. The tlanls of tlie mountains in Ihisslielch ot (oa.st are very steep aiul covcitd \.iili chemisal and forest trees. The lirst parallel of coast mountains rises to nearly forty-three liiiii; tlire.' ipiarters ol a mile imrth of th<> northwest ]iait of the Delgiidii plateau the iriegiilMi' oiii line of the shore, which is bordered by locks and rocky islets, changes to a cIciMi shore line I'm lum miles, bordered by a sand l>eacli bare at low water from twenty to t)iie hundred yards in wniiii. In this bight the thirty I'athom line lies two and one-third miles oil shore in a general , and reaches <'lose to the shore iindt r I m Hill. Outside of this line the depth increases to thiee hundred fathoms in two miles to tli< i\^ of tlu' great siibiiiarine valley deserilieil on page The road from .Shelter t'ove leaves ilic hillsides and takes to this beach. KiiluiKt i'UO\ which is foiiitccii hniidi(d and seventy feel high ami only seven hiindrcil .wA twenty-live yards inland, overhangs the sniithern end of this ^and beacb. The tojis of the iin^ growing on the eastern side of this pie<-ipitous steep are seen over the ridge. The name is derived from a Sandwich Island brig which w»nt ashore tlirctitly iiinler llir ■ ^ il The eaigu of lumber was partly sa\( d b,\ people li\ iiig in the \ iciiiity, but before they cmilil \, ml it a.vay a land-slide buried the greater |iarl of it under several hundred tons of earth and icn K. One mile northwest fiom Kiiliina ClilV the sands have blown in oil the shore tor a bii.i>li > <>!' thirty to one hundred and thirty yards and a length ol nearly three miles, aiul as much as tli,i'> live feet ill height. This is <|uite a featiin' for lecogni/iiig the locality. Hdisr Mountain, which is nineteen hundred and Iwtiily feet high and ttnly twelve hiiihhnl yards from the shore, lises very sliar|:ly. and its seawanl Hanks are mostly bare of trees; Imi mi | the south (ace lln'ie are a few oaks aiielgada. Tlicn nv higher riilges to the east wart, of this iiKiiintain. Two miles westward from Horse Moiint:iiii iIm' Hanks of tli" nioiintains become covered witn pine and decidiioiiH trees, but it will be notnl ' it] most of the sharp ildges (iu'iiig seaward are bare of forest trees. Fiif Jim is the culmination of the wooded mountain side about six miles from Point l>cl;:.i'l i, and reaches twenty-eight hundred and thirty live feet elevation in less than one mile liniii ilif Hliore. Its steepest slope is sixteen hiindied feet in fixe hundred and fllty yards, directly up ik'Mi the ocean, rroiii the top of this sixteei hundred feet promontory a sharp, treeless riilgi ■'i\i> Bouthwest by west one third of u mile tu he beach. The deep, diirk wooded gulch of Puck < <<'k| liesjiist south of Fire Hill. MiUcr'n Riilyf, whwU reiU'lies twenty eight hundred feet above tin* "ea, lies one mile ii im' aud two uiileu east by north half north 1 1;. by N. i N.) from JJig Flat. It is eharaeterisii liv i ^ — ^ i ■41 ft' M ^1' , 1 iii ' 1 A ^' '■m Point UolgiMla. SheltarCovo. KE. liy K.J K., lOi milcM. CoMt from Shelter Cove to I'lint* Gori1», in 4 viewi; View I Clieinise Mouotain. 2.500 feet. Coiwl from Shelter (.Nive to Piiii: i Oords, in 4 vlewi; View 2. ilcll,. , I Sllll'l hr.ir; liliiiiiil.i; (•I'.VMllllli Till- IVIj.mI.i |{il|ii\v s ; m H^ U" iJi' Inn mix I'ini . iM- Thr . \,iii i-Mll 'iih 1' llll.l « ;l> W 1('( 1,1,1 . SI lU,j MUlllUo :);!!< > ;il(ii I'> i 1 >lii|i I'.l l.oul " "l - |.a III U III tn Sim m.'k ;><.>l - MV -:i.'. III kll '■>'■ mUii ",i> iiM' h r«i) ( IMl i> t«i 111.' M -nil! 1 VI I'Sl ;l# *i. ■ III .III! ■ i> iii'.irl, I'lulil 11,1. 1- rii • IIMIll^ CIl l,r ,. ,.,1,1. i-'i ;i'(i.; ■'" I I IMIII, I'- L, l\ Si - \:\ -..iif : 'i-f !ii:ics, ""I'l Mile II l7-'4 I'ACiriC COAST I'lhOT. ;uj (It'licii il liy !i 1h)1«1, ricar Ih'.-uI twotliinls of ii iiiilf soiitli HimtliiMst from it and ifiicliin;; (nic tlioii- saii'l iVcl ricvatioii in lour liiiiHlicd atrd lorly saiils I'ldiii llic sea. I iidii ii.is head (lie low watiT Im.ii i' I iiaiijjes to one of rocks exli'iidiii}^ (illy yards oiii>idc liic Iii;,'li-\vatcr li'ic KINii IT.iK. iliis is till' lii^dicst jn'aU in tliis rcyioii of tlic coast ran;;c, ami is mii' of lliirc wiiicli an kii'iwn lamllalls nai I Ilic "'liircc I'cai^s.'' It is only two and a half miles fmrn the >lrorc jind lilt. II;'' .111 ( innlllll. icxatioii of lort\ two Iniiidinl and si\l\-liM' feet. As mtii from .sea n.ircl tins ma>s ol ins is very yrami, and the dcc|i i ahons ciittinj,' tin oii^h them ;;ive the ini|iression of iiiar (■(■.•.Mlllll l\. It is visilileon the liori/oii at a distance ot' se\ent\ tour mde: riiis |ieak lies north thirty three decrees west (N. '.V.', W.) ei^hl anil one third miles from ['oiiit IIiI.'.mI.i, and its t;('o;;ra|(lii<'al liositioii has been determined hy tiie ('oa>l and (lecidi'lie Siii\e_\ as l.atitiiite Ill ll'.l' IT nil. l.uM:;iniilo l-'l' 117' •Jli .1 wi'^l. < ir, ill tiliii' ll.'" •,".!■. \,iri I ni the dcscriptioii of the jireat siilimariiu* valley l\iii,u oil' Point I>el;,'ada and heading; i.iiiis Kiii^c I'eak see remarks iijion the Hydiojiiaplis liom Shelter Cove towaids ('ape Meiido- ill. ii.iues;i(l!l, ;(lo. I'll! Sliiihriil: /I'dc/,- is a small rock, oidy ten or lifteeii yards in c.vtent, 1\ in;;- three hundred KiilV the southern cinl of the broad, sandy niar;;in of I'd;; l-'lat. It is seseii miles intrtiiwest tiiite i|iiaiters west (N\V. '( \V.) trom I't»int l)el;iada. Xear it the Li;;lit hon^e steamer .'^luihrick Miswiecked in ISt'.T. rnnninii on the lieacli thre«' linndied 'ml seventy yaids northwest of the nil I,, .^hc was afterwards safily {{otteii otV. Iiitj Flat lies Ncvcn iiiid two-thirds ndles north tit'l,\ live t , jjrees wot (N. ."i.") W'.j tioni tiie iiiiitliwot I t iiart t, and from two hundied to tive Inimlre'' >aids wide. It is licmlered Ne.iwMid a >iiip of sand from thirty to one hundred and tliiil\ yards in width, and thi> a;:.iin li\ a sand ■iihl iKiw I er Hear h, bare at low water, from lilt\ to eii;lii\ \ aids in w idtli. Ileliind. the tlal. sti v|ii{'<'s partially co\ered with oak and pine, lise to t\\ent\ tiiiu hundred feet at .Miller's llid^^e. one mill' in from tlm .south cud. Th' hills «-outiiiue to rise to twenty seven hundred and ei;;ht\ feel at .s|iiiliii,'k Peak, within two-thirds of a mile of the tiorth end of the liat. The rid;;es from these praks are mostly hire of timber. Pietwcen them is> les through aslnu't deep cafioii the inonntain >liiMiii known as IJi;;' Cieek, with its luoad winter channel way tilled with sami and boulders. It r\|iaiii|s near the beach, bat does not force its wa,\ through in summer. Tlie wreck of the Sliidiriik Vi.{^ live hundred yanis east-southeast from the mouth of this .-.tnam. Two (M' Ihiee lines of old sea-beaches are visible on the sonlh side of the creek, the highest niiiil\ twenty teet above the sea. file ;;eii;^raphical ]iosition of the Coast and (leodetie Survey station I'.iu Plat on the extreme 'iMii!n\estern part of the Hat is: l.aliliiilf -Ill-' I'T' I- .J iioilli. l.nllL'itllllr I-'l ' II \v,-sl. < ll, Ml tlllH' ll. II..'. Ill .lannary, l.>>.s,"), the lin(> of eipial ina^jnelic v.niation of b'^ on east crossed the coa.t-line ^i|> iie.irly in the lalitmleof P.i;:;- I'lat. It moves soiilliward nearly one minute of arc annually. I'liilll lii^' I'lat to Puiita (iorda the coasl line is remarkalil\ stiai;:ht for eleven and one '|iii;iir miles imrtli sixty three dej,'rees west (N. t;:', W ... Half a do/en short, small mountain Mii'.niis come upon the shore, w hich has a few roidis otV its northwestern hall'. The inoiintains 111' vi'iy lii^h, \arvinir from sixteen hundred to twcnt v eiuhl hnmlrcd teet within oim mile of ii. i..i.an. lliiiho(iitij)liii hnxiil nil' Hill Flat. — Leaviuj; the shore in laiiinde HI- 07' I.S" north and loiiuiliide l-l 1 1' d.l" West, the sonndin;;s show that at one mile the deplli of water i> twenty seven fathoms iliott. III! of broken shells, and ;;i'av sand, tine and cuarse; at t wo miles, tiftv-live fathoms, o\er liiii' l;i i\ sand; at three miles, seventy fitli mis over liliie mud which wastirst fuiiiid at adeiditnf •i\i\ iniir tathonis; at four nnles, seveiitv eiL;lit lathoms, over tine ^ray sand and bliie.uud; at lis. one hnmlrcd f.ithoms, over \\\w mml, and at six miles, one hundred and til'ly fathoms. ll. "M'l Miu" mud. 17-' 1 1 V «,' liO ll I'l ;ii*^ mi X ill. i il il 306 rACIKtC COAST IMUiT. /v',7y».— TliiTi' is II H'.MiiU imlcli of kilp to tin- wcstwanl of I'.i^' Fliit, Imt no iiniiratioim of 1. , thiiii six liitl H of wattT wen- I'ouiiil in it. However, no vessel sliouM jjo lliroiij;li it. SlKuiisli /'/riMs four iinil a half miles noitlnveslwanl from I'.i;; I'lat ani sixty-one (lefiit'es west (N. til ' \\.) fii>iii rnini Kelpaila. It is the noitliein end of ii lineof sani Mhore from tliiity to t\No hnmlieil ,\arils wiile, and reaehin;; sontliward to within one ami i half mileM of the iiorlli end of r>i^ Flat. Oiitsnle of this sandy shore lies a low water nand Imm. and rock heaeli ; many small roeUsliet\\o hundred to three huinlred yaids olf shore. Near i'. npiier end ol' Spanish i-'lat the steamer ,l(7/cc was straided ami beeann- a total wi-eek in I^. there was a hi;;h fojjat tln< tinu' hiding; the tops and slopes of the hills, Imt the enast lim- eonM >. seen, and persons alon;^ the shore to the southward saw the steanu'r passin;; nnnsuall.v close tut'. land. She lay one hundred and twenty yards oil' the nhore line, ISehind Spanish I'lal lises lladley's Hill, twenty seven iiundred and ten feet ele\ation, \. its Hanks elear of tindter; the Ion;; bare rid;;e of Wild Oats Hill, twenty-three huni.'rcd .1 twenty feet; ami Spanish Hill, tw»«nty two Iiundred feet. Thes(> are bare of trees hut then; venin;; ^tup's aie tilled with redwood and oak. UtjIHiilils' h'ink lies six and a half miles noith s<'veidyli\e ileyiees west (N. 7.">> W.) from I . Flat, and four hundred and ei^Mity yards olV the shore diieetly under the almost ])reeipitons .s|..|>. «>f IJeymilds' Spur, ei^dit hundred and twenty feet hi;;li and oidy thre(* Iiundred and tweiilv yards iidand. On either side of the .spur theie are clumps of led wood and oak, but it is bare In I ■ and above to the top of Lake Hill i!i mile from tlieshoir i i.. depth «tf water is twenty fathoiiisoxer a bottom of line ^ia\ sand; at two miles, thirty-tlvefatlinn., tine ;;ray sand; at tiiree nules, si\t\ I'uur fathoms, blue mud; at four miles, om^ linndri d ;i 1 twenty fathoms, line ^ray sand; at live miles, one hundred and ninety-seven fathoms; and ai ~ > nnles, two hundred and lifty I'allnims. Riitliins' />'r(Y(/,.— This hiihlin diiiiiiir was discovered durin;; tlui topo;;raplii-i<:i. and lies six and three i|iiarters miles north sixty-nine decrees west (N. (i'.t^ W.) from IJi;; l-'lat, ^nul four and three iiuaiters miles soiilh lidy-three dij,Mees east (S. iJ.P V..) from the conical rmk -n Point (iorda. I'rom the muthwcst part of I'oint Hel^Mda it is distant fourteen and oiiiili ;<: miles, and bears mutli si\I\ one and u half ileyrees west (N. (11.]^ \\ .). This is the failhoi n lyin;; daiip']' alon^^ this stretch of the coast. In the h\ droj^raphie sarvey of this locality in 1~^'- the hast water found on this sniikcri rock was three feci, with twelve and thirteen fathoms iiiiii . diately around it, and a pa>saj;e-way with more than six fathoms of water three hundred and ii::- yards wide between it ami the shoie. There is less tliaii three f;'et of water iijiom it at exlreiiic- |. . tides, and the top w as seen by the survey in^ si earner oiic(> or tw ice in the hollow of the lai'iic s\m I - It is a very sharp-poiiitid [(inmu'le rock of the same form as thetiorda Ilock and breaks sclilnin. I'he top of the rock is very small, and its ^'leatest len^rlh is par.dlel with the sliore line. Thk're is ami)le roimi and j,'ood depth of water between il and Kc\ nohls' Hock for stcaiini s . l)ass throu;;h if they are skirlin;; llie shore closely, but they should keep outside. I'or a mile ahm;.; the beach iioi tliwestward of Hcyiiolds' Kock theie are plenty of mik^ > ' ■ ■ under the shore, and at seven hundred and titty yards from il there is a mnihrn mch thuf Iniiin •. and fifty yaids olV .^hore; at one thinisand vards there is aiiotlier .vHiiAcd iixh- three hiiinlieil . ■! thirty yards olf shore, but boih of these are less than one hundred yards outside of the \ i- nicks, which are about twenty by ten yards in extent. Thence the low-water liiuHs n cKv continues Ixu-dcred by hundreds cd" rocks to Point (lorda. At three and oiu'-third miles southeastward of (lorda Itock is the ;;ory«' of Couskir ( 1. w hicli is c|aile conspicnous. 'J'lie hills are depressed here, and this dc|iression can In- readil\ n • Hit ill the ni;;ht. The captains of the coastin;; .steamers, hu^'Kin;,' this shore closely in the in. Ilnd this a ;:i)od mark for niakin<; I'oint (iorda. liiiil.s III)' Sill I, inn (//(/(/(.—Two and a half mihs southeast from I'oint ;. olf shore. About seven hundn'd and sixty yanls bntad off the deepest jiart of this bi^rht. directly sontii of the cluster of rocky islets, lies a Kunktn rmk not vet named. The rocky 1- iaiS-; ..,!»■■ k i. 'H,h' t i ifl f i !* :A- I / i i ■ f' . : ^1 r,«>< ..^ BE" .^P^'f^^^'-,;C , . ''^iiiSr*** •;r :7?s 4U S feaMt uJX T rf Tunta liorda, NW. li) N. | N.. l:l mhIki, Coaiit from SIkIkt Cnvii to I'linln tJorcn. 1 viown: \'iow 4. 'i,'M;:> (vrt. U.'i'.il fort. I,itki> Hill, Miittiil.- M.iuiilaiii. ;i,ii:<:i ff«i. :«(i*^ ■■;""-%'* §r-. Siifjnr I.oiir. 3:il ffet. I>ii„t.4 (.'onlH Kc k. i> Capo MfiHlKcino, NW. Iiy N. J N-. ••'i* inili"*. rmita liiinlij, N. Iiy \V. ^ \V.,4 iiiilcM. I'liiita Gorila, K.SF..,!" miles. Hi'liiiiii HevnoM's Hock. Dihtuiil, 1 iiiiii lM'ariii({ .SK. Iiy K air I., Ill Si'ii I'i'l riinii (■lf\.i'i| ' I is;i - '\ I'ACIKIC COAST riLOT. .",07 ;ii<' I lifli fn'()ii('iiteil liy soalions, niid tlui (It'cji j;iilcli abrciist (if tlioiii lias boon naiiicd after tlniii Si;i Lull (iiili'li. IHrrclly over tins Iti^lit rises llie .soutlieastern end ::iken roek aliout one-third of a niih' oil' shore. It has only fonr feel of water upon it, and like i; il;,'ers' Itreak it \eiy frequently ii'au;iiil. is iiMMcased by the ^ivM treeless ridj,'e of Mount ( iorda, twenty-three hundred and sixty (iTt lii^li, which comes for two and a half miles IVom the easiwiird. lis extremily n tin;; the cMiciiiiiy of the I'ormer rid;;e at the j;nlch of !''onr .Mile (reek, six InindriMJ auil lilty vardsMinth 111 (III . ipe. This j;ulch is tilled with redwood, and all tl'c minor mmIcIu's wiih oak and deeiiiuoiis nci>. I he seaward front of the cape attains eij;ht hnudrcd and nine hundred del elc\ation \nlliiii Inui hundred yards of the ocean, and the iiitcii of it is a small spur one liune iiiidri lis south side. The sea ;icm'rall,\ breaks over it. lis leiijilh lies west nortliwcsi and easl- Miiiihii>l. There is deep water close around it. The <'oast Sitrvcy steamer has passed between It ;iiiil ihi' lauil in a hea\y northwester, but kept as close to the rock as was prudent. It lies in ilic ii.ick of the smaller coaslin;;- sleainers which run close under the land in thick weather or hIiiii llicie is a heavy swell. The nearest rocks insiile of it lie four hundred Nanls olf the shore, ;iii(| the three oilier ones of these are frcuu liftecii to Iwenly li\e yards in extent, with asunliiii i»i7. si\ciil\ live .\ards soutlh'ast of the middle one. .\iiotlier .•naihiii rue/.' lies live hundred and I ulii\ \ai'ds broad olV the shore, one and one ei,i;htli miles southeast of the pitch of the cape, and riu'MXths of a mile east half south (l!, \ S,) from (Iiuila I lock. Halt wav between it and the shore 111- liiicc (U' four moderately huije rocks aliove water and .i 1 leak between the t wo outer oiiis. '■..linil /I'oi'/,- is a iiiarket lliii'c i|iiaiters west NW. \>\ \\. ,' \V.; from the pitch of the cape, it is liliy yaids in exieiil, nearly I'ircular. ami iiM-s I.I .dmosf Ivvnly feel alio\(> the sea. Three humlicd and lilly \aids wr>t by north hall' iMiili W. li\ N. A N.) from this rock lies a low rock I wcnl,\ live \ aids in extent, and lictwt'cii !lii-iii !~ ,1 lar;;(' area of breaks. Ki;,dil liiiiidied and I'oriy .vaidsmutli llility nine decrees west N. ''' W .) from Conical Itock is a sin;;le siiiilidi ruch' l.\iii,i; six liiindied yards broad olf the slmie, I Ml' I I to the no) I h ward from Conical IJock for one and oiu'third miles, the shore is liordered li,\ iiii k> . Ii.se inshore, but a sunken rork lies nearly foiii' hundred .\ards from shore one ami (UielirHi iiiili-< th ei^^hleen «lt ^'rees west (N. |s \\\) fi„in Conical Uock, I ill' t;eoy;iaphi''al ]>osilion of the Conical Itock olf I'liiita Corda, as determined by the l'. S, '"1-^ iiid «leodetie Survey, is: I.iililililr 411 t"i' :i- ..'• iimih, l.iiii);itnili- l-.'l -'1 1:1 -i wist. Or, In tlino s'' IT'" •.'(;-.',•. II I if ■* ', ,.il I ,( '■ 308 I'AllllC (■»)AST I'll.oT Tlio inajriiotic viiriatioii was l>^ (i."i' t-ast in Jamiury, 1885, ami it iinToases 0' aimuall.v. From till" Conii-al l!ock oil' I'liiiia (ionla tli« bearings and (li.staiift>H to prominent ohjtTls ui, as follows : rnilit ArciiM I-iiilillionsc. S. :!(;( I'.. h;U iiiUch. I'Miiit |lil;;a(la |Sli.ll(i- C'ov.'] S. tl(l ' K. ISI} inilrH. (';i|M' MrtiilociiMi l.i;;lil-lioiisr N. "JH \V. 11 inili'S, lUuiit's K'l'il'i li'-lfi't MiiiKi'ii riiik liiir a inilf SI",, liy S. of ri'i'l')... N. (ii ' \V. ITj iiiili'H. llijihoijiajilnj liiiiiiil o(l' I'l'iiit (liirilii. — Tin' MMiii(linj;s show that at a ilistancc of one iriilc iinin till' short' thi'(lii>th of walcr.is twciitv live fatiioiiis over a bottom of jiiavd ami broken shci>; at two mill's, tliirt,\ si'vcii i'athoins over line (jra.v sand; at tiirce miles, lilt,vfoiir fathoms, line ^u saml ; at four miles, sixty-ei;;lit fathoms over coarse sand, and at this deptli tlu'ie is {jreeii inn i ■., the northward and line };ray sand to the soiitli : at live miles, one hundred and two fathiiiii> i.\ . i liine mini and tine j^iay sand, and at six miles, one hnmlred and seventy live fathoms. riiliil (ididiL— Wiiiil (iinl Ciirrfiits. — ^The wind, sea, and the eiirrents olf roint ("mrda are | : alily as >tronj,' as olV aii.\ jioint on the eo.isl, ami fri'iineiit and stroii;; eiirnnl ri|is are notieeil. 1 is frecineiilly called W'ind.v I'oiiit. Abreast of the cape, and e\telldili.tj to the westwanl, :, onelinndred fathom platean, inaiked by rocky bottom, stretches six miles to the month ni ijn Mattole Snbmaiiiie N'alley. This cape was naiiied 1 iinia (buila on the early Spanish charts. On lOn^rlish charts ii . i. called l>el,;:ado Point. In TcbeiikolVs Atlas of ("harts it is called Cape l>eloi;aido (or Dcic^.n.:, . The present name is apt and ilescriptiv t', ''(birda" meanin;; H:reat, and ronndii.^. I'lNTA ide of w hicli lies a narrow, low-water beach, rocky in many pi i. - Thii oiiiIn in;;' rneks and lneaUs are not nnne than t wo iliiids of a mile Iroin shore until will :. and a half miles ul' Cajie Mendocino, w here they be^iii to reach out lartlier and cnlmiiiate in th^ visible rocks il l'.liiiit'> Itcef. uiiicli lies nearly iwnand three (piarters miles broail olV the ii|ii The daii;;eis ulf tlie .-.jinre jnst iioi "h of I'll III a tioiila liaM' been ineiitioped. From hall :i north of the pi'iiit the c(imi|>:icI slioic is bordered by a bro.nl, saiid.N iieacli for over a mile, ' saml dunes lisin;;' to one hundred feet at one mile from the point, and nnmerons rocks iii>iii. i and reachiii;; alunil one hiindred yards bi'\oiid the low water line, Mdtttilc lilnr is a small stre.im openiii;; on the coast two miles north of I'linta (!orda, tin i,. a valli'y one third of a mile wide tilled with sand llals. It rises abreast ol" Shelter Cove, inn. \<,\ allelwith tile coastline (Mily lour or live miles inland, and after making' a sliarj) curve i i of its nioiilh liiirsis i hroii;;li the mountains ol the coast Tiie river does not alw ays breaii tin _ the beach; the month ^eiicralls closi > alimil .Inly and opens aboat No\ember, and at the i. ■ the toponiapliicil sni\e\ tlic narrowest p.ul of the beach lielweeii it and the ocean was liri\ . wide at hiyli water. 'I'ln' noilh he, id is tlnee hundred and .sixty feet hi^h and bare ; the ^. , liead is neails as lii;;li, Iml liasuik tii'es inside its lower llank, Tpon the sides of the hills in lower M.ittolc \'.ille\ . and not more than a mile from the ■ ■ sprili;:s of IMtloleilm were diseoMred In Isfil. Tlie tow 11 of I'iIioUk is located at since ol spriii;:s. .Mon;; the cmirse ol the siieam are lar^e areas of bottom land under cnliivat mi: J.'reat liclds of s'leep are on the hillsides. On some l';ii;;lish charts the name of this river is laid down as U. des Marons, evideiili- the same ori;;iii as the Maroiie iJiver of 'I'elienkolf, who places il in l.iiitmle 10 (IT. M.ii- an Indian name (of two s,\ llables;, and il is likelv to have been piononiiced or nnder.stn' : .Maione by some persi.ns, Miitliilr li'iiir. — L(i 11(1 inn 1 1,. Sitii'l l>inii\ — The sand dune on the south side of the entrance ; valley is a well known landmirk, beeaiise there is no nlhei in this i'e;;ion as far siaiih ,i I Mile Ilivel. Mnlli'li Aitrhorn If. — I'ln Ihiriilsmi liislmn I'.ililii t'linviit. — The aiicliora;;e ofl' the immlli ■ i • Matlole Ifiver is foul, but may be used under stress of ciii'iimstances both in nortliwestei I . n'l suutlieasierh weather. all.v. ibjffts Ml il i: mill' Il -:i >fii .-.111 , line ._ *'ii lull liiiiii^ 1 1 iirc )■ „1, iilii'i'il. 1- tWIllll. ;iii mill III' III.' ;iits it W |> )fh',u;ii jl J •ilt'i ' ).v N. J N . anl III' ili.i' t so lii;;ii ,i« I'lu'S ol' l"«. llll\ Jillri « Wilillll illli 11- III !lii' ic r,i|ii'. llfii II ill' iill', \Mll( iii.'-iiji- III I, lilli'U.ll 111)-- I'll IXC IIHllli iv (IlliHI-il II' li'lii III rni> \.'.iiN till' Mllllll rh it ti w ♦. % ' i^"iS the .'..l>t. .(• ..(■ till-' ill Hill. .Hill ■Illl\ 'H'lM M.lltol.' I- Icl'.sl '. •!- •illU'fl' 'l' nil .1- I'' Olllll I' 1 I' I'siciU Hill ■ 1 '( 1 j 1 ' ^^i i ■■ ■ m PcintaOnrda, SK.,I4j mil.. Rock white on P, sidp. Sugar Loaf, X!I fret ('a|.e Mpri.loci,,,, Li«lit.l„.„s,.. K. i S, :, mil,. f 1 I 1 I I'M •'•;i f' 1 W 1 Ytii^a - lit Hi" it cm I li. W.lll'l. Uli U M'l v\ A llClllS .1 llllrc liii ,S' .1 rlii.Nii r a mill' ii fjiiai'li'i s sIlDIl', i.l llll' ^llnri A I.l SlM I. loll i>r iiiis I .-illdlr (if inluii ]),„ll lllMliv ll. Iliill) ;iii lir.ll' ihii I |iirk\ |il( lihirii Mil' wlnVll IS ; l>,ril mill' "tii'i ■ilini I'Vti'iHJiiii: ilH.ill. I lilliiilii'il \ {.'"I'^'i'S ' in Til.' J hiiiiilri'iM' I'll!' icri'ii'i lint ^iiliiii.n lilt I'liii^l line. Til.. T til lllr .sou »arilly iv. Jliis iiiiiiii inil.-s iiort ii mill' Hill llllilil- iho li' I'ACIFIC COAST IMKor. .'{()!» \\ lit'ii tlio Coast Survey sloaiiicr lias Ihhmi iincli<»icil licit' in a liravy iirirtliwcst swell, with a Ijirlii M.iiiiicasl lii'cr/.c a <|iiai'trr of a iiiil<> iiisiili- the slii|i, slir lias rininil a sIidii;; iiortliu't'st wind ;it tl;' iiirlii>ra;;o. 'I'lif vi'sscl wouhl lit- lolliny; licavily in tin- licavv nortliwcst s\Nfll anil liiliii;^ to aciiiii III lioiii the soiillii-ast iiiiinin;,' oiit' to two knots. Ill \i>vt iitHT, ISSI, llic set of llic (Uiircnt to tin' northwest wanl was so stroii;; as to kt't'p the K, l|i (II iiiiiliT water and out ol'si^lil. Two weeks later the kel|> was thiek on the smlaee oftiie wiiiii V, liiie tln'ro was a heavy swell I'roni the sontliwest with the sea lireakin;;' in ten falhoins of \V:iIci. W In II the U\liiiii' hiu'. A liMiad, sandy llat, with sand dunes niidci' the iireci|iilons moiintain sides, lie;;ins aUreast of Srii I. I'll l.'iick and strelches loni' miles to the noilhwesi u aid. The coast hill iiiimcdiah'iy aWieasf III' tills loi'k reaches an elevation of nine linndred and lifly feel in not i|iiilc hall a iiiiie from liic slitiiv ll is hare (if forest trees on its seaward face except in the ;;iiiclies, lint has a dense ;;iowth nl'iriUMiod and oak on its northern slope. I'lnililr /i'<«7i-, consisliny of two small rocks close to;;ctIier, lies fi>;lit liiinilred yards otV sliore iir;iil> lialf a mile northwest from Sea Lion Itock, The twii rocks are alioiit luehe feel lii;ih and lliiil\ and twenty yard.s in extent, respectively. From the Conical Mock oil' Point Corda they lir.ii iiiiilh nineteen det;rees west (N. Ill ' W.) four and oiie tenth miles. IIiPi l,s ImiiiIci' ilie shore outside the sand dniics for one and a half miles to Mnsxil f,ciliiic the same, and vviiirli IS ,1 Very conspicinins oliject to vessels close otf Cape .Mendocino. Iiinl's (liiti li'iicl:. — I'or a description of this rock, which lies oil the iiorlhcrn end of the four- mill' stiiich of sand lieacli mentioned above, sc" Dantjers under Cape Mendocino. Tlirre is a i^reat nmnlier of rocks inside the Dexil's Ciate Ifoik under the shore, and some lAii'inlliii; six hnndred yards seaward. They are so nnmeroiis that they can not lie described in lilt, III. I'lieit' is a narrow, skirtiii;; drift of sand, about twenty feet lii^h and from twenty to one liiiiiiliril surds wide, alony the shore. The mountain sidi's are steep and treeless and cut by deep ;;iiii:is; ihiit between the Devil's (iate h'oidv and Steamboat Kock is called the Devil's (iate. IIMUKKilJAl'IIY OV TIIE COAST FROM SIIKI.II-.I! COVK I'dWAliDS ('AIM'. MI^NDOCIM). ihe ;:eneral charat'ter of the liydroyjrapliy alon;.; this jiart of the coast exhibits tiic one- Hiiihlrnl lathoin line of .souiidin},'s at a distance of about six miles from the shore; and this may !ni iil.'ieiice be considered the inarj;iiial plateau. I it the recent li,\ dro;;raiiliic examination lias dcveIo|ied the existence of several deep Miliiii.iiiiie \ alleys wliicli cut throii{;li tlit^ inarfjinal plateau and head close under the iiioiintainoiis |".I-I line. Tlie Tolo Hank is foiiiul with only eight to twenty fallmnis of water four miles otf shore, Just I'iIm Miiithward of Point Dely;ada. 11' Ihliiiithi SiihiiKiriiic Vtillij/. — .V deep submarine valley is found the same distance west- ^'.ir>l > Irom the point, and running: almost due north directly into the coastline under Kin;; Peak. fills iiiiiiintain is four thousand two hundred and sixty-live feet I iiL;li, and only twn and a half inilis iHHih from the shore line; the head of the snbmaiine valley is one hundred fathoms dee]) at 'I mill' Mild a ipiarter Irom the shore, while the twenty live-fatiiom ilepth isalinost at the rocks 'I'lil'V the dills, \ih\ti Peak is on the prolongation of the axi.s of this deep valh/y, which runs Jiif '. ft m: ■ ..;! u (^ 1:11 310 I'Aciric (•c>A>r I'll, or. m m P almost iiortli and soiitli. The onliiiar.v (iiiclmiiilrt'il fatlioin line of soiindiii^is lies six miles Point Deljiada, lint at sexeii miles (loin sliore in the liifilit north ol" the point, the sntim;ii valley reaches a deiilh of four hiinilred fathoius south sixty-foiii' dej;iees west (S. (Jl ■ W., ii the ]i(iiiit. Ueiiee to I'oiiit (lorda the one hnndiod fatlioni line of soiindiii);« •'onliniies iieaily jtaii with the eoast'line, exrept alioiit iiiiilvvay where a minor siilimarine valley, from three liiindreil one hundred anil lifly lalhoms dee|i. stretches sharply towaids the shoic and wiihiii (woiui. Iialf miles thereof. It lies ahont two and a half miles south liy east (8. by i:.) from Spanish I Abreast of Kod;;erN' Hreak the twenty-live-fathom line of soundings is not quite two milc^ shore, and the one-hniidredfathom line is three and three ipiarters miles out. The W'cstsoulhwi'st from Point (lorda the line of one hundred fathoms sli'etches out more 1 1 SIX nnle> llhou^li the tliirl\ I'alhoin line is only one and one-third miles fiom the point. ehaiactcr ot the )ttom iiu this sli^hi submarine ridf^e outside of Point (iorda is dilferent ti that fiirilier south or north. The ten-fathom curve is less than half a mile ironi shore, wr The tweiilv fathom line is not ir bott om ol' fiiii' i^rav sand, coarse uiavcl, and broken shell.-^ one mile from the point, with a bottom of biokeii shells, <.;ravel, and sand; and on the twenty-two t'alhoiiis there are a few patches of kel]) reacl out to tweiitv nine fathoii IIIH IS, 1.., bott( I one and one third miles west by north (\V. by N.) Irom the point. The liiieof lii fathoms is less than one and a half miles olV, with bottom of and broken shells A I and tlircc-(pi.iricrs miles, in 1 liirtyli\ c fathoms, thebnttom is line j^ravel and broken shells. l!,i liflylathoni line is three miles ulV. over rocky and coarst^ ^rravel bottom. The seventy-fathom iim is live and a half miles olV, ovei' buitom of ro* broken shel iml small iiatchos of ;;reen If is thus seen that the line ol j^iecn mud is here removed as far out as seventy or eiulilv fathoms, instead of forty, to the north and south. Point (liinht Si'hiiKiriiii Willi i/. — lnimcdiatel.\ norih of this cape a v«'ry tU'cp submarine \;il!r\ comes in from the southwest by west half west (SW. by W. .\ AV.), and heads close undci !:■ shore three miles north of Pnint (iorda, and therefore less than a mile north of the moii'li ■ I 3Iatlole i;i\er. The head of tli; ;;reat submarine valli'y, at the thirty fathom line, is only one third of a inili' fi'om shore in lalilnde -10" IS." mirth. The oiiehnndied fathom line is one and a half mile.^ Moiii shon d th des aic remarkably steep, tl ■hundred fathom cnr\t's comin;' elo.se I le • ■I'M the thirl\ fathom line.-i on the north and sduth, where the latter are oiil.v oiie-lliird of a iiiili' ai)art. The ojiening of this valley, in live hundred and twenty fathoms, lies imly six miles .-''iiili sixty-two de.uiecs west (>S til'^ \V.) from Point (iorda, and is therefore inside of thi' onehuiniinl fathom line immediately to the southward. The barrier of coast mountains at the head ol !lll.^ valley is owr two lliiiusaml feet hi-h. ('iipr Ml iiilniiti" Suliiiittriiic Willti/. — Petwceii I'unla (iorda and Cape Mendocino lies a sirniii submarine \alley. a liille nearer the cape. It conies in fiom the west ward, but tloes not iinliiil Mildred I'alliom line, which is onlv a third of a iiiiii' the general tweniy lalliom line. TI outside the twent\ lixf fathdin 1 le oiieii iiie, IS just twdinilcs i iir 1 1 ire line, and live miles souili liiiiin de;;ries east (.S, l.p |;.) fViun Cape .Meiiilocimi Li^lil. The fiiur hundred and (ifly fathom iili',.l!li:; ill 111 from the Li-lit. This vallev i eiiliaine loilic val'ey is only six and .i half miles .south thirty-three dejjrees west (S.;i:; W . s comiiaialively biiiad. Its north side is formed bvthethirt.N 1. lilateaii extcmliiii;- live miles from Cape .Mendocino. The buitom of the valley is ^treen mml yet in two places, at three hundred and twenty fallioins, broken shells were brought up frravel. liiith slopes of the valley are ureeii mud up to about thirty five and thirty fai! wlieii the botl.im is line yiay .sand. Inside of twenty fathoms the bottom is coarse gv.wr rock v. lietween the two submarine valleys of Piinla (lorda and Cape Mendocino the rid';e c illi'- tifty fathoms of lllllllt's lit'i'l, iilitl is (IfsciJIiiMl t'lscw licic. I III' ( xislciicc of llicsf }T«'iil suliiMiii'iiif viill(\\.s ;i(l(ls sciitMis ililliciillics tn tile stcaiiuTs woikjii;; ijiiM alcpii;; sIhuc in lliick aiitl t'<';;;;,v wi-alliiT. Tiic stcaiiuTs Ailiif iiml SInihiiil, witc wrci-kcil {ii.l n.>i:li III till- lii'ad nt' t li(> roiiit l)('lt;aila Siiliiii: liiir N'alJi'V. ami il Is a nialti i of icroni that ;|ir l.illi'i ^^as si'i'Kili;; to ^i-t liolil of tlh' laiiil to follow it, ami lr|iiiili'il soiiimIIiih jn ilt't'|i WiitiT wiilioiil tiiiiliii;: lio'toiii, tlicii suililriilv I'oiiiiii;: ii|ion locKs ami sliiUii;;. 'I'lir riiystiiv that liiiii;; iiM 1 tins rase is irailil.v sohcil wlu'ii we follow tin- liiir of the \ alii'S, w liirli a vi'>.si'i \\oiilil iialiiiall.v ilii III atlciiipt iiij; to iivt liolil of llic Jaiiil aftrr liriirv in;; slii' hail passnl I'oiiit I ii'l;;a(la. I hi'M' tli'f|i ^llitlna^illl• \aili'\s must also i-MTrisc an iiilliiriii'i' upon tin- oi'i'im fauna of the II .;. 11 wlit'it' Ihr.v romr so riosr to the ••oast-lint'; ami it is (piiti' likt'ly that tlii-.v liavi' some ;i,il ;. nri' upon tilt' iiishon' ctlily (turicnt. CAPE MENDOCINO. I'his mountainous liraillaml is ;hi' famous lamlinaik of the ohl Spanish iiavi;:atois anil tho ;;;illi'i>iis fioiii till' Iniiirs. It foiiiisthi' wi'stnii liiiili ol'thi' nmlliwi'st tii'mi of tlii' roast fioni I'liii' IIiVi'S. it i,s nini'tv lliirr ami a Inilf Miilrs nnllli tlillt>li\t' ami a half iii';;li'rs west iN. r>', U.) from I'oint Airiia la^hl. alllioii;:h llii' iliint roiiisi' is lilorkril li,\ I'linia (ioi'ila. I'lipiii this capi' todajic Maltriv. at the Siiait of I'lira, llir ;;cm'ial ticml ol tlu' coast is north- iii'itlmcsl. I II II' lilt' raup' of liolil roiisl mountains liom thr soul liwuiil appears to mri't a i'aii;;i' tiom tin' i.i>lvv.iiii. lovmini:- riil^t's of two llmusaml tril rhvatHUi wilhin a mili of thr roast, ami tliii't- iImhi'-.iiiiI li't't w ilhin Inur mill's. fills filial piojirtion is till' hititnilr of mmh rlimatir chan^i': thi' winds ilo not idow hoiiu' so Mnli'iiilv in till' lil;;lit to I hi' soiithwaid of it, and ihi'ir is no uiral wind;:a|i in tlic mountain I'.iiiri lit'iii'i' to IIiissMii IliviT iiml l!odi';:a jtav, i \rrpt ovit tlu' Trii Milf IJivcr hrarli. The Willi I laiiis dfi'irasi' ;;ri'atl,\ in amount of pn'ripitation and vioh'iiri' to tlu' soiiihwaid ol it ami null iM' til till' noi'thwaul; ami it is nut iniproiialiji' that the luoad i.'oast-runi'Ut trom tiit' mntli iii;i\ 111' atli'i'ti'd liy it. I 111 M'awai'd fail' of till' rapi' is stft'p, rofk.v, and watri-woiii towaids tin' shori'-liiir; aliovi' III! I i-hthonsc till' ;;t'iii'ial appi'ai'anri' is lolliii;: and ;,'iass fovt'i't'd i'Xi'r|it in tin' dt'i'p laviui's and ii| -iiiin' of 111!' stt'i'p liillsidi's wlu'ii' tilt' mil thrill t'xposiiit' is rovtit'il w li loii'st oilnush. rill' ;;ri'at ('apt' |{id;;i' stlt'tclirs tioiii tin- rape with i'lil'\ in;; fii'st lim- almul llnri' mi Irs to thi' i;i>i iii'ithi'ast, and attains an rh'vatioii of thirti'iii humlird and siNlv fi'i't : and llir;;irat iiir;:iilar iiil-i liiim till' fast soiithi'ast comt's from an ilt'vatioii of twi'iit.vtwo liuiKlM.'d anil forty fot't ti> villi :i a half mill' of thf south sidr of thi' rapi'. Inr I'iuht mill's tlu' slnui' to thr nortiiw aid of thi' ra]»i> runs almost I'xai'tly north, only partly liiulvi II li.\ <'apt' Forliinas or I''alsi' ('apt'. To thi' sniillirast thi' hiyli, Imld sliori's iiiii lor six milt's ami liii'ii lit-ml outward for live inilt's to I'liiila (lonla. Half a niilr I'astsoiitht'ast from tlii> point 111 till- lapi' a small strt'am. isswiuy; from lu'twi't'ii tin' two urcat liducs form in;;' thi' ra]ii', opt'iis at ilii iimlli t'lid of a liroati sandy Irvt'l, known as Sinuli'\*s I'lat, wliirli is ovt'r oin' ipiartrr of a milt' Willi' and runs for out' milt' to tlii' soiitlit'ast aloii;; tin' hasi' of tin- coast lidiic. This tiat is liordt'i't'tl !i\ a inoad sand buacli at low water, but is Just as well friii;;i'd with rocks ami breaks as the I'lirkii'i > 111 ires. lilt' well marked and regularly shajied haystack rock immedialely oil the pitch of the cape, iiiiil Ltiiiwii as the Sinjar Loaf, is a ii'adily ilis|jii;;nislied feature in approacliin;; the cape fidiii ■ill iliiirliiiiis seaward. As seen from (he southwist il shows a cave on its southwest face extend- ill,:; iipu.iids nearly one third the lieij;lit of llie rock. This ;;rcat rock is lliree liiimlied and iliiii> one feet above thi' '^•'a ami bears south lifl\ ei;;hi de;;recs west (S. ."»SJ W.) six hundred aiitl fi:iv y.irils Iroin the l,i;;lit house. It is nearly loiiiid, its loii;;er axis being two hundred ami -1 w ni\ yards, and itssliorter axis two hundi'ed and twenty yards. The distance between it ami the • ipr i> only two liiindred ami forty yards and this space is tilled by a liar of great roeks bare at i"" "Her. In ISTl.' theie was a heavy line of sand and shin-le among these rocks, eoiiiiecling ilic I ipe with the islet ami passable on loot at low tide, but the laee of the islet was too steep for .I.MTIll. \ issi'ls out of their reekoningand makiiigthis rock in a lug may readily distinguish it from the 111;;. iiK-ky islet olV Cape Forliuuis, or False (Juiie. The latter is two Imudretl autl aixteeu t'fct *l I I . .. } « X 4^ ,1 II I! ,'U2 rAciric coast i'ilot. liij:li, or iiUoiit twii fliinis tin' Iicifjlit of tlic Ibrmcr. iitiil is iiof ■^o ro;:iil;irl.v sliii|M't1. Fioin the Hiiiiiliwcsi III)' I'oiliiiMN K'oi'k sliows \\\. iiitlilVt'i'i'iilly iiiaiknl \v||j|(> ami iiaiiow Inps, lijiviii;; I'iimii Hint i' Mrmlorino is iioli>il for lia\ in;; a .small Iml \ n , «liiii;;i'rous liil^i', liari' at all lidi's, lyiii;: two ami tlirci' i|uarl<'rs unit's liioail olVil,anil knovMi i~ lUiiiirs Itiit'.' It ron>isls of two lilark loi-ks, two liiiiiilri'ii ami thirty yarils apart with liKnii f.itlioms ot wall r hi'lwi'i'ii tlii'iii ami a lii'avy liri'aki'r upon I'arli. Tlir lary;rr ami oiilrr liii'aKi i lii'ais soiilli ri;;lily oiir I'liil a half ilr;;i'i'rs wi'sl (S. Sl.\ W.) two ami si'\i'ii (■iy:h|lis riiiirs Inun ihc I,i;,'li' lioiisi' on till' iipr : till' siiialli'i'. a short ilisiani'i' to ilic northi'ast, lirars soiilli t'i;;lil> tin. r ili';;li'rs wi'sl (S. S:l \V.) two ami (ivr sixths mill's from Ihr l-i;;lit. 'I'his ii'i'f was noliri'il li.\ X'aiii'onvrr as hrili;; alioiil oni' h'a;;ilr oil' slioii'. (\'ol. 1. pa;;i' llis.i I'm iiian,\ y.ws tin' passauo iK'twccn tli«' reef ami tln'capr was ^.Tiirrally ns I liy ilir I'n.i^i h\ji sti-aiiirrs ami Iniiilur \rssi'ls. Iiiit the examinations of lS7(t anil IS"L! have shown the pasv.i::!' to Ite a vi'iy ilan^eroiis loeality. ami the iiisiiraiiee eompanies will not iinilerwrite vessels ii>iiiM n I'lelwi'i'ii the leefaml the rape the ili'pth of water ian;;es from nine to se\eii|i'en fathoms in ii foal Itottoiii, allhoii;:li to the north ami south the liottom is line sami, mini, ami ;;ravel. \\ liisllinii liiiiiji ii(t' Hhiiit's 1,'iit'.- .\ jir.sf cliiss irliistliiiii /(»(ii/. painteil with lilaek ami wjiiir lierpemlieiilar ^tripes, has Ihtii plaeeil ( 1SS,">) olV Itlmirs llerf in twenty-live fathoms nf water c.\ • i riiek,\ holloiii. It is situated four lift lis of a mile south i'i;;lit,\ one ile;;M'i's west (m-arlv \\.\>\ >. outside Hliiiit's Keef, on tlie ran^^e of the south roek of the reef and Cape .Memloeino I.i;;lil. The str;Mi;;th of the sound depends upon the ion;;hiiess iif the sea. Ill oiiliiiary smootli wain the siiiind ean l>e lieaiil at a divtaiire of a tiide: in a liea\'y sea iniieh larlher, but ilepi'iidiiiL: hir;:ely upon ihe direilioii of Ih.' w iml. The Idasts are less than half a .seeonil loiijj, ami tlair ■may lie from twi'iit,\ to ihiity per minute. From the lino\ wf li.ive the follow in;; lieaiin;;s and distances to important |ioiiits: \\lusaiiij:iliiny i.il IIiiiiiI'mUIi liar N. 11 K. -J-J niilr.s. Ciilii' MiiiiliK ino l,i;;iil Ih'iiM' N. -1 K. ;!|",, niili'H. 'I'll.' deal Itriali, Minlti 111 I'.liiiil'-i Kill' .s. .". . K. !,'„ mili-H. l.'iiilv .111 I'liiila ll.inla S. II i;. Ill iiiilen. Ihiii'ii rs. — In l,S7it, while we weie determinin;,- the laliliide and loii;;itiide of the Ia;;htlionM', thi'ie iieiiini'il ipiite a low tide with a \eiy lar;:e swell from the west iiort liwest wilhonl any win.!. ruder lliese i iiiiimslaiiees we ohlained the liiieetion of s, rrii liraihn, and approximately lor:r:.,| their ili>tan(e In the w inter oT l.STi'-"?.!, after t lie liMlro;;iaphie sni \ey, ilimn;;' a special w ii'li iif one nioiitl.".-. dniatinn. in wliiili lime there oiciiried .several southerly j;ales with heav,\ siuiili- west swell, an e\|ierieiieei oliseiver delected otlnr lueaks. ami also saw the water lueak in tun localities where, alter an especiall\ close search, Ihe siii\ey had developeil iiotliiii;; less than iiiiir fathoms o| walei. TheM' Were nut lireaks iiu siu;;lc rocks. Iiiit lueaks over moderately lar;;e ani^. .\11 tlnse iiaii;;ers have liicn located w itli precision i IS72-'7."i), and the whole vicinit\ iIimi- iiii;:lily sounded fioin the deeper water to within the ten latliom line, and in lar;;e iiieasiire to ilie live and six t'atliom lines. Outside of IJlnnt's l!eef the sonndiii;;s were carried to the t\Voiit\ li^c and thirty fathom lines. These ilaii^;eiiius rucks. alio\i' water, awash, and sunken, are as follows: Thf Itiril'n (hill li'iicL. — Tills is a low. )(yraniidal roek, twenty feel lii;;h and twenty yariN in extent, w itii a smaller rock close under Ihe northwest side, h'or I wo hundred yards to Ihe w^l lis inirlli \\V. Ii\ N.) from it Iheie runs a line of sunken rocks upon which the sea lueaks in null nary swell. Tlie main roek lies half a mile olf shore, two and two thirds miles south thirty ci-M ami a half ile;;ices cast (S. :',S.\ K.) from the Sii;,'ar Loaf oil' the cape, amf soiilli thirty ami a I' dl lie;; reis cast (S. .io.]^ V..} two and two thirds miles from the Li;ilit lioiise. As alieady staled, tlnie is a miniher of rocks inside the Devil's ( iate liock iimler the >li' i> . and .some stretch six Inindreil ,\ard.s from the shore. They arc so uuiacruus thai they can m ' '"• desci ilicd in dclail. "Naiiiiil " lihinrn llijik-. '' lij llif ('lla^I .Sim viy in l-.'iO alltr (.'apt. ISimoii liltint, U. S. Navy. I'ACII'Il' COAHT l'IM»T. 818 Sliiim hont Ri>rl- is ii 1iirp> anil iiKticciiMt' iiM-k l.\iiiK "i'* lniinlitil viinls idV the slmiv unil one mill i>iii-'hair iiiiirs siiiitli twi'iit.v llirt'f il '^rcrN «-itsl (S. L'.> ' I',.) Iriiin the M;;lil limisf. Il is itiic IiimkIkiI vaiils Ion;;, vast and wi'st, li.v lllt,\ live \ai'il.s Inoail, ami iI.m's in a low |i\raniiil in tli<« iiiiililli', wlu'ii' it IN lorlv six I'cft aliovf tlit> Nca, with cat'li cimI .nli^litl.v raisiil. 'I'lic Inwir |iat'l is III M k .111(1 the npiM'i' part wliiti-. 'I'lic appi-aranci' iil' this loik is vnv nmrli like a sicani boat, will, Ion;;, low, Mack linll and wliilisli upper wotks, imd hcn<'<> its nana'. Ili'twccti Di-vH's (iatc Itoi'k and Stfain-lioal K'ock lie v*t,v many rocks, atxivc and iiclow wator, llnl I'V Icndiii;:' as tar as tliicc linndrcil and Isvcntv vaids olV slmriv I'ln (hill) ItiKil;. — 'I'liis is named IVoni its iflalioii to tlic Steam lioal itock. Il is the nnteronii til i,.iii sunken rocks l.vin;; lu-arl.v half a mile Hoiilhwest liy south (S\V. lis S.) IVoni Steam iKtat l.'iirlv .mil tliiee ijuarlers of a mile broad otV shore. The inner ruck o|' the lour i.> hall' way to Sii'.iiti lioiit Kock. The ontcr one lies south ten and a hall' de;;rees east (.S, loA ' !').) one and lour- .|||'ili> miles rroin the l.i;;lit house. It breaks eoiitinuallv. Souiiiliii;;s at ei^^liicen I'.il lioms aie laitl iJ.i'Aii two lillhs of a mile seaward, bill niaie closer. These rocks are not inaiked by kelp. I'lit' S'oftlirrni'f* or Tiro/iitlnon Itovh is the highest jioinl of a sinil.in l(iiijru\' se\eiiteen anil (•i;;liii'cn feel of water lyiii;; .south six and a half de;riecs west (S. (il ' \V.),oiic and twolil'tlis niilis t'lom the l.i;;ht house and tour liftlis of a mile oil shore. Il is on Ihi'onter ed;.'e of the ten t.iiliiiiii curve, with lieplhs of nine to Ihirleen fallioins close around it. Thcic is no kelp m|ioii it. Inside llicTwoliillioiii Kuck, and three huiidredaiid tliirlN yards loWiirds the l,i;;lil-lioiise, lies ;i /lo./i fdik (tirnsli at lii;;li water. Il beats, south I'lmr and a half de;;iecs wisi (S. 1 1, W iniieaiid niii' ii'iiih miles liom the Ia;;hl'house and is six liiindied and twenty y.irds olV shore, wiili visiliU) liii'Ks inside of it. .•^till nearer the Iay;l(t -house, and bearin;; directly south, one mile Innii il, is one of lltiir nicLs itirimh lit loir iriilc>\ The Siriii/iil /i'"i7,- is the middle one of three simhrii rmhs. of wliicli tlie outer one lies south nil III \ sixde;;rees west (S. LMP W.) one mile Irmii the l,l;;litliiillse. Tlie.Se\en feel Kock lies about M'\iiil\ li\(' yards noiiheast (M'.) from the oiiler one, with four fatliniiis between llieiii: ami the iiiiiii Kick is Iwo limidrcd and IwciiI.n yaids north seveiityl^o dc;;rces east (.\. Ti.' ' K.) from Iho ilir one. with six falhonis between it and the Se\eii fed Kock. The outer rock exhibits the '■aiiic ]iecnliaiity as the l''aniillero\ liock in its breakin a sharp luiMkcr '.'. nil the spray (lin;; strai;;lit uiiwaid. SlilV. bluck sea ;;rass, or short kelp. ;;rowin nil tlie lop of the iiiiu'i' rock has been seen in a heavy swell. No kelp iiiaiks llicse rocks. /'/((■ Fiinntlifnii L'luh. — This is a moiAch /"(//h/k/ nic/,' 1\ in;; nearly in mid-channel between the iijir and rdiinl's Ueef, but threeipiarters of a mile south of the line joinin;; Ihciii. I''riim the. I.iulil house It bears south fifty two ami a half dcy:recs west (S. oi'A WW distant one and two thirds iiiiiis. It has only six feet of watei' upon it; close alon;^siile of il arc niue and ten fathoms of «.iici, deepi-ninK: rapidly to lift ecu fathoms. The rany;es for iioiiii;;- iliisdan;;er arc the I. i.u lit house iivrr liie middle of the scnithci n slope of the Si(;;ar I/>af, half wiiy bet ween summit and base, and till' |iiiliil of land at Cenlieville showiuy; lialf-wny between the extieiiiily of I'alse ('a|ie and the iir.ihsl and smallest of the lluec rocks l\in^' immediately otV il. The outer eil;;(' of the woods ii|Hiii ilie point of land at Cenlreville is in i;in;:e with the extrcmitv of False ("a|ie. I he " point of land at Cenlreville" here lefcricd to is the noillicrn ( niity o( the lii;;li. Iiliilf sliorc-linc, lour and a half miles to the northuard of I'al.se Cape, near which is located llie limii (if Cenlreville. Ilic sea Ncry seldom breaks upon the I'.iuntleroy Kock even when all the oliiers exhibit !iiiMk>. When il does, the bleak is (piite sharp and well dclincd. and the while water shoots >Ii.n.;lit njiward. Iliis rock was not found in the siirvev of I.STL', but the break uikui it was seen ami ditermineil li\ ilic observer stati(nie(l on shore diirin^t the jirev ilciice ol w inter sliniiis in the followin;: iiuuith 111 Itcccmber, In 1S7."> it was soiimlcd upon when the top of the lock was plainly visible and .i|ilii.ire(l to be alKuit two w three feet in diameter. There is no kelp upon or aronnd it. W'e believe this is the rock which was liist dislinetly seen under the wheel of the steamshi|) I '■iiimitilorc \\\ IS."i7 as she was jtassiii;; lhiduj;h the channel, when its location was only approxi- iiiaiily ascertained. The lirst direct informal ieii that such dan;;('r existed was doubted by most sill -V..,/;„ iiiasters, and on acconnl of the. ('onstant disregard of this reported dan;;er the steamer imi- was l().st up(Mi another of the sunken rocks in ISiiO. ' tjc'u (lugu 315. It+'J' n '1 * » iilii! PACIFIC COAST I'll.oT. 315 Tiri' HrriihH, MuVwMiwn HiiiiUni rocks, iiio nImiwii mi lli*> cliint jiisf oii tin- tt-ii rallntiii lino. Tim Kilter Mill- is liMilli ri;;lil\ line tl(';;iccs wi'sl (N. SI ' W.) altliost olir inilr rnilii llie l,l;;ilt llnll^f. |l li.iN tell iilltl tliirt' i|iiarli'is lalliniiis cliisc In its |iiisiliiiii. 'I'lir iniii'l' lurak lies mir liilliillril aiiil >l\t,V .Minis to till' lioltllt'ilst (Ml.) nl' lllf I'ol'llllT. Itolll are sliatp ami well tielilieil lueaUs. Tiro l.iiir AVicA/* aliovi' uater. t'oily and nInI.v yiinis in e\teiit, lieres|>fitj\el\ innili of tlicTwin Kim ks aail Sliaip Jliiek li\e liiimlreil ami se\eiit,\ live ami nI\ liuiiilreil ainl liutv ,\ aiils ilislanl. Till' iillliT one is llilee <|iiai teis of a mile tiiirtli liflv ei;^lit (le;;iee> \ve>t ( N. ■">>-' W.) I'loiu the I Jit Immini' ami the inner one is hall' wav Inwanls the shore. I'hi' Tirt nil/ liio I) 1 1 />'m I//, lies mirth of the miil thannel one ami tliiee lil'ihs inilr.s IVoiii the I ulit house, anil hears in nth sixty six (le;;iees \ve>t (N. iKi ' W.) Iinin il. 1 1 is the iiiuinst pnint oC .1 huiiletl leil;.'e lia\ In;; IVoiii seven to niti<> fatlioiiis ii|iiiii It ami tweUe to I'liiiileeii l.itlioiiis aroiiml it. I'lie loealit.v has \ei,\ liiokeii Imttoiii. The slioalest water I'oiiml, three ami Ihiee i|iiai'ters l.iihiijiis, is nearly on the raii;^e of Shaiji l.'oek ami the l,i;;lit hoii'.e ami one mile fioiii the foniier, \\.\\i Steam lioal I'oek ojieii a I milt oiiehalf Its li'n;:th oiitsiile of ( )|f K'liek. T'l) a\oii| it, keep the |Miiiit of lami at <'enlre\ille well shut in to the eastwanl of the hl;;h rmk otV Cape I'ortiinas or I'aJM' tape. Till' i'niir llnnliS. — M'ter the iliM'ovei'N of the '• Twenty two-feet llreak." in the siiiNcy of ISTl.', till' iiliserver ^ta!iolll■ll at the cape in the follow in;; I (eeemlier to walili I'm other Ineaks saw ami ill !i I Miiiieil the positions of //i»c /o'M(/,,s ill the imineiliale \ ieiniis ol' the same. TIii'm- were lary;!! Jill! heavy, ri'seinlilin;,' ;;iomiil lireakers. T'lie swell was lai ye ainl hni;; fiuiii the west wanl, ami limke also ocea. ionally on the nine latliom palehes in iiiiil ehaiiiiel lietweeii I'lliiiit's lleef ami the \i-iMe rocks iiishoie. l''i'oiii the I,i;;ht house these loiir lircaks lie lietweciithe lieariii;;.s north >ixl\ Ihl'ct' ilc;;rees west fV. til"' \V.) ami linlth seventy seven tie;; rccs west (\. 77 W.), at one aiiil three fi;;litlis to one ami li\C'ei;;htlis miles ilistance. The soiimliii;:s in tlii> liiniteil area i;iii;;i' from lifiecii ami three i|nartcrs tose\eii ami three i|iiarti'is t'.ilhnins ineia liiittiim of lock Willi liiowii coral, tine ;;ray sainl, ami ^;ia\el. TTiesc lirc.iks arc cli»c to ilecp soiiiiilin;:s, iml no r\. I II I mat ion has liccti niaile to tiet ermine the ileptli of water upon i hem. There arc heavy yroiiinl lin.iki'is ill this locality even where the ticplh of water reaches nine fathoiiis, Tlir XorllicriK r liml;. — On the .">th .lamiar.v, isild, the steam shi|i Xtntln nit r, iiniler theeoiii- iii.iiiil of one of the most expeiieiiceil captains on the iiorthwe ct, sli ink iipnii a sunken rocl; .il II lilt two miles south waul of Cape Memlociiio. At the time she v.as iimlcr lull stcain with all sail -I'l, ;;iiiii;; twchc knots lu'fore a soiitheastci' ami a lir^e swell. As her how sank in the troii;;li I'l'llic sea a \ciy sli;;lit Jar was felt foiwanl ami the liottom ;;iate(l over the locks. This excitcil iiii.ilariii atioiii;; the passcii;;ers, luit the pniiips amic immediately soii'iilcil ami the ship foiiml to l« making; water very fast. She was lieaileil for IliimlioMt, passed Cape .Memlocino iiiakiii;; oiio null III water per minute w ith six pumps at work, ami was licachcd three and a half miles north- «aiil of Cape I'"orlnnas, where shoal water ami iiiieM'ii liottoni in iid;;cs extends out fur a ipiaitcr da mile. She went to pieces dm in;; the iii;;lit in a heavy southwest Mow and many other |i.isscii;;crs, olliccrs, and men were lost. I''ioiii ail examination of all the «'ii('iimstam'cs of this w reck ami the inlormation we now ha\c 111' ilie dan;;ers oil' Cap4' .Mendocino, we arc convinced the .ViD'/An/K/- struck on the Twotathotii l.'iirk l,\ in;; oiie and I wo tifths miles south six and a half dc;;rces west i S. tU \V.) from the la;;lit- lii', and four tilths of a mile hroad oil' Sin;;lc>"s I'Mat. (Sie pa;;e ;{l'>.) Ill iii-i/ (hep initn- lilt iihs ill southeast ;;alcs with lai;;e swell were seen ovi'i' those areas west .iml iiiirthwest of the cape that lia\e less than ten fathoms upon them, and also, as mentioned iliovc, on the broken ;;roiiiid two miles south sc\enl.\ sex I'li dci;ri'cs west iS. 77 W .) from the l.i;;lit house. T'lieie appeals no doiilit whatever of this extraonlinary lin'akiii;; liccause it was -ri'ii on two or three occasions when tlio Wi-sterly swi-ll was veiy Ion;; ami vi'iy heavy, and the lull' low. If f 1 8JIL1NO DIUKCTIONS 1 nU CAl'i; Mi:M>itCIN(). Ill view of the daii;;«'rs already desciilied, waiiiiu;;s have lieen ;;iven to iiavi;;ators to avoid tlic passa;;e lietwceii Uliinl's l!cef and the cape, and the iiisiiraiice coiii|)anies of San I'^ramisco have icfii.sed to t;rant insurance to \es.sels iisiii;;' the passa;';e. Ncvci thcless there may arise occa- sH'iis when a ves.sel is compelled to make the passa;;c. If she has the Coast Siii'cey chart lit Cape Mendocino and I'diint's IJ- 'f she can choose her own course ami lie ;;ovcrncd l>y the I'UiiigeiK.iesof the case. A rule foil ved l»y one of the most experienced pilots on the coast, ■fiik ;• i 316 rAciKic roAsr imlot. whoii poinRiitH-tliwai'd against tlic licavy iioitliwcst winds and swidl, is \o kcrp (nic lialf mile, ;niv west (N. Iiv V. .). iioiliin;,' i.. the oastuaid, will flcai' llic danj;t'i's nlV Cape P'ortniias oi I'alse Cape. That eonise around il cape will follow the treiuliiij;s of the shore line at one mile distance. .\ \cssid passinj; inside >.: lilunt'.s Keef, fioin one half to oin' mile distant therefrom, will ]iass ;liron;;li the mile wide pass,ii;i belwet'n the Ten feet lioekand the I"annller(>y Kock. The one diltiiiillv in makin:,' simli a passa;;i- is in estinialiny; distauees; an eiror of jmljjment in sncli estimates iiia,\ place the \essel ji, jeopardy. Passin;; to the outside of riliint's !Jeef, and from the southward, vessels should ha\ e il hear iiijitothi' easlwaid of noiih when a little o\('r a mile di.-^laiit lo eleai the "Ciial I'.reak," ainl pass the reef in safety at a i|ii.iriei' of a mih> distance to the eastwartl. It seems praciieahle to aid the smaller coaslin;; steamers that are working to the mirlhwahl aji.liiist the heavy northwest winds and swell prexailiiij,' in summer h\ placing; two oi thiee lai;;.' t'hannelliuoys in the faiiway of the channel inside of llluirt's Keef. There is no safe aiiclniiaf;e umh r Cape Mcnddiino ; ilinint; the liMlrourapiiic sui\c\ t| r steamer anchored oil t!ic moulh of Hear \l\\rr w'icie the hollom is uiiiform and sanil\ wiih patches ot' lirowu cl,i\,.iihl there is am|ile room for jicltiMj; unilci \\a.\. .\I one mile from llir shore the deptii is ei;;lit tathoms.avnl at half a mile six fathoms. Tlie allcmpi to anchor nmhr the cape was alieiidcil with peril; and when the l,i;;lit house was lieiiij; !mill Ilic nialeri.il w.c landcil on the lillle sand lieacli just under the cape after niiu'h delay and al ^rcat il>U. 77(C Siiiiiiiliiiiis oiit.siili 11/ Uliiiit's /.'<(/' are irreunlai' to tliirl.\ fathoms, which depth is IiiiuhI aliiiut t\>o miles to the westward. Twenty fathoms of water is found half a mile oiitsiile iln reef, 1)11 1 a thirteen fathom lump lies one ami one ipiarter miles from the soutliwcstcni rock n| rdunt's Keef hetwceii the liearinj;s north sixty-live dcj^rees west (1'. (i."i W.) and imrth ei.;;li:\ deforces west (N. SiC \\ .) iVom it. DujiMii StiitniliiKjs. A short line of deep sea soundin;',s was run li,\ tin' I". S. steamer '/V.m.i »'«)■(( on the .'idtli and olst «if Oetolier, 1S7.'!. These souudilius indicate the existiaice of suhmaiiiir imwintains even at jrreat depths. ni>»hiiM'iMunt liiiiritii; 1 I>t'itth flHllI C)|M. Mi'liilo< llln. (t'.ltlit)l1i^l : S -.' K U S, ; W 111 s ;:; W i: .-■ - w III S LM w 1.-. S 47 W ■J-, S I-.'; W 111 S i;:i w ■1; S r« \V «:. S, 5T w fc> s. sin w , '••'"""'' l-">l-llll'll ll lllllhll.ill. i Cliainit. I' Ml' lu.llii ■Jll i-i ■ji; 1 \:c, I'l ,.■. .s 1 ■'U 1." 1 . 1 .10 1 r.m n; 1 a :iii 7:ii I'.i r.a .•"-' Tin: :'i i-'i a 1,1 i;i-. ■.'; 1 1 M -.'1 '.r.'.i •ji 1 1 .','. :■> i,.-.i;t n U.-i II 2. 2Ki u> 1 n i.'ii ij 1 1 S..,.l.,. ivu IIlll.l,^l,U K.lll.l. \"«'l> li.iiil. j;l.i\ 'ami 11. ml. ut.i> M.iini. II.. Nil ..pfl illll M. 1il.l_\ H.iliil iliilll. ;:lil\ rtilllil 4ttl't>llir>ll lllll'l iintl til. II k f.. Illll. ('illl\ (-.Il lilji k K.inil CKu ..i./iv ei.i\ iiiiii tiiuii. At she last location the liark .{iid tln/^t repotted the shock of an eaillnpiake J)eeemliei I. 187(t. Heyond these outer sounding's we have had (1S(!<)) a report of slio;iler water over a liottoiii. 1 ;;ieen 00/e and sand, ',\ itii st ron^- cm lent 1 ips. etc. Imt we have |ilaccd no reliance upon it. 'I"lie tiiniiils oil' Cape .Meiidociliii alioiil the vicinily ol Uliinl's IJcef w.re esliinated al ein mile )ier lioiii, but no |-c;;iilar series ol oliseixatams was iilidei taken. When nearly lieealined for several ila\s al>oiit (illeeii miles |o ilic noiiliwes, and west iiorih west of the cape in Sepli'lliher. l.STH. wilii however just clinii;;li 4111 In i;i\c steerage w;i\." exiierieiiceil a set of the current lo the northward of not less ihan one and one (|iiailci iiiih s pi • lioiir. When the wind incieascd to ;:i\ e ike \ e.vsel two and a half miles pci liuui, w c ;;radii.ir\ worked to the south Noutheast w aid and crossed a well marked cimeiii lip litleeii mile> liom II •■ (•ape. Iiiside ol this cm lent rip the current was set I in;; to the 1101 Ihwaid ; outside ol I hi' 1 ip ll^' ciiiTeiit wasseltiii;; lo llie soulLward. The pu'valeiice of caliii weather and a smooth se.i Im 1 .i;:; pai'ikk; coast i-ir.oT. ;>17 liiil wi'ck liail ^jivcii tilt' eddy <'iirit'iil olo.so iiniltT the slion* iv (•Ikiiicv t(i dcvi'lop its full C'ikt iiiul «, l;li. All the ciiiiililiiiiis were favonililc tor asci'itaiiiiiijc tlii' aiiovc Cai'ts. Wlu'ii till' iKtrthvM'st wiiuls air .stroii;;. and llii' .swoll lu'av.v, it is (iiiilc likcl.v that tliis iiislioro i,lil\ lUii.iit is fiiiwdcd back, or works lis way northward aioii;; slion- as a siiltsurlacc ciunMit. riiilcr onliiiaiilv I'avorabh' (■iri'iiiiislanccs it is v.-iy proliablf that it docs not exceed one or two iii:l('s ill brcadlli. W licii iiassiii':; down this coast, in ITSti, iictwccii laliliidcs Id 'AS' and ;J(i^ 58', La I'oroiisc appears Id liiiM' been caiiicd thirty miles to the soiilli ward by the current, and also a little olV shore. This (111 >lM>re ciiricnt liasol'tcii since been »'\pcriciiccd by iiavi;;ati>is well aci|iiaiiiled wth the coast. 77(c 7'((/(.v.— The Collected I'.stablisiiiiicii!, or mean interval between the time of the moon's iix'iidiaii transit and the time of lii;;h water, is \'' ■'.(>"■. TJio mean rise and fall of the tides is lime and nine ti'iiths feel ; of spriiifj; tides, four and ei;;ht leiilhs feet; and of neap tides, three feel. The mean diiiatioii of the rise, leckoiiint;' lioiii the middle of one stand to the middle of the next, isil l.">"': of till' fall, (i'' 1(»"'; and of the stand. Id'". The avcrajje dilVcreiice between the ('oirccted i;>i.ilili>hmeiit of I lie a. III. and p. 111. Ililcsof the .^a me day i.^ I'' -"'" for hi;;li water, and (>'■ 1(1'" for low w.ilcr. These ditl'erenees when the moon's declination is ;;reatest are respecl i\ cly '_''' (i."i"' and (I'' ."iti'". 'riicaveramMlilference in lici;;ht ol' these two tides is one and four tenths feet fur I lie hij;li waters, and l«ii and ej;;ht lentils feel tor low waters. When the moon's declination is;;rcaicsl these dilVereiicvs arc, respectively, one ai'd nine tenths feel and four Icet. The avera^'c dilfercnce ot' the hi<;lier liij;li and lower low waters ot' the same d.iy is six ami sc\ en leiillis feel, and when the moon's ilic limit ion is greatest, seven and one ten I 'i feet. Tlu' rise of the liitihest tide ob.servcd \\a> ei;,'ht iihl three-tenths feet above the plane of le.'ereiice, and fall ol ihe lowest below the same plane eiii' and one half feet; or a total ran^e of nine and eij^ht-teiitlis feet. LIGHT-HOUSK AT CAIMv IVIICNDOCINO. riie tower of this l,iL;lil stands on Ihe oiitei iiio-.| pilch of the cape about I'oiil' limidred feet .ili.'\e the .>ea, and therid;;e rises eijiht hundreii feel above il in two thirds of a mile on a line Hull Ihe Sii^ar I. oaf. It is a friislnm of a .--ixiccn sided I'Vi^i'iiid, Iweiity feel hiuli I'loin ba>e to I'M.il plane, collet I >icle<| of iron, painted wliile.and siii moiiiilid !iy alaiilein and illiiniiiialiai: i|i|i:iiallis of the lii.^l oidi I of Ihe >.\>lemof I'lesie . The dome and baliisi riidc cif the laiilem 111 paintid white. .\ dwclliiij; for the keeper is .Niliiale| soiilheast fioiii the lulil hon>e: il is :i twdsloiv wnoden house, painted a li;;lil bliilf color. A small house for I em • ji'i 11 \ sleeping; (piarlers is liiiilt on tlii' north side and close to the laulit lioii'^e. The old dwcllinj^, "! liiii'U, whii'h was situated two hundred and leu yards soiilheasi li.\ ea>l lioiu and lorty tcet li .;ih'r than the l.lulil, was cracked by an e.irllnpiake in 1S7I ami snbvi'ipiently niiiox I'd. flic I.iuht was lir->l exhibited I ii'ccinbei' 1, Isds. :iiid shows from sunset to sunrise a ycrnlviiiii ■i',il, liijlil (till II iLi.sli en ri/ liiilt' iiiiiuitr, '\']f .!;/ iiilii)ii nl' thr Jhisli is J'lrt .vccn/fi/v, and of tin' olisrii- ■''/■Il liri iitji Jirr sirihula by our observal iiuis IVoni .-.eaward. The former annoiiticcmenls yave a ■' 11 l;,il obsciii.ilioii ol ;ive seconds befoie and after Ihe tla.sli : this ma,\ be \ i.sible under some I iriimslaitces, bill the piest'iit ollicial anuouucemeuls do not refer to them. 11 1 e I, i iihl has :in arc of \ isibilily trom nor! Ii se\ en de;;rees we.st (N. 7 \\'.\ inside < 'ape h'or- 1 Ms nr I'lilse Cape, round by wcsl und south ti> south twenty three de;:rees east ( S. •_'.; !•].) to r Ilia SI I, Old th(> la;;lit should be seen nmler tavoi.ible conditions of the weather from a hei;;lil of — III I'.i't at a ilistain 1' !' :i'.'..". iiiilrs. Tlie y;eo;;rapliieal positiiui of the I,i;;hl. as deleriuined b\ the « 'oast and (leodetic Survey, is: l„lli|lll|l' Ill '.'I'l 1- iMlllll. I.iinyitiiiliv t-'l ','1 -Jl wi'si. Ol, ill lilnr - i:-;!? .1 I'lie conipiiled maj;iietie \arialioii for .laniiary, ISSt'i, was IS 11" east, with an annual increase i > I H|:. ^'h . ^r'' 1^' m '( 11^ ? If 318 PACIKir COAST PILOT. From Capo Mt'iidociiio Liylit wo liave the following lM'ariiij,'s and distiuic'cs to proniiiiciit < i!Hi»ortaiit oliji-cts: l!lmil"s Kill, Siiiitlnvi'st Ifiick S, -U W. •.'.',1 iiiilcn. I'diiit AiiMia I,i};liilniiis('' S. ;!: ■ i:. HIJ iiiilci. I'oiiit I'aliiillii" S. In; i:. 7iiJ inilcM. I'liiitu (inula S. -.".I i:. II iiiili'M. ('ajH' riiiniiias (ir Falsi' CaiH' N. 7< W. Ij niilcM. Whislliiii; lliioy olV lliuiilhilill Hart Nmili Ml iiiilc'H. IIiHIiIhiMI l.iu'llt-llnllSC N. :U r.. 'Jll Hlll.'H. 1 liiiiilail I.iiilil Inmstt N. I W. ;N iiiilcH. li'nliliii;;'.'* Ii(i( k N. >i W. .Vi iiiili'H. Croi ( 111 C'ily I,i;;lit liimsc N. IJ \V. T- iiiilrs. SI. (Jriiljii'V III rt! 1 |irii|iiisril li;;lit-liimM'> N. 17 \V. -.; inilrM. t'ajir Oilnlil I.I'4lil!iiiM-n N. '-'I \V. Ill mill's. Wliisdiii;: r.niiy oil li!iiiir.s IJiif tn WliisI liim llimy nil II liolill liar '. N. 11 K. 'i\i iiiilrs. Set' (U'scri|pti()n hI' IJlmit's Itcd' lor Wliistliiiij; Utiny oil Ciipf .Mciidoriiio. The cxti'iit of .-liort' liiii' I'loiii I'oiiil lioiu'la to ( "a|M' Mendocino is about two Iimidreil iiiii twenty lour miles, without reekoniiiL,' tiie minor iiidentalioiis. (•An: •MKMKiCIMi. — II.IM ATIC CnNIHI IONS. At Point ('oiiceiieioii fjrcat eliaiines were lomid to exist in tlie eliaiaeter of tlie winds ami swe'l. teiiiiieiatiire of the water, etc.. on aeeoiinl of t lie nn.ai elianni« of direct ion of the enast jiin'. I''.(|iiallv inlcreslint;' ditVereiices are found in th(> latitude of Cape .Menilocino. Tliis ^reat headlin ! maiKs the second ciianue in the n,:|,,.|al direction of the coastline. Kruni I'oiui 4 'oneepclon i In' trend of the coast is nearly northwest true; north of Cape Mendocino the tieiid is nearly iMii;h true hence to Cape ["lattery. To the southward of Cape .Mendocino there is a fair exleiit ol fmi >; land, hut to the muthward the coiintiy may he saicl to lie wholly wooded. .South ward of Ca|in Mendocino the two thousand to twenty tour hundred fathom plateau of the I'acitic Ocean coiiics relati\i'ly close under the coast, the former depth heiii^- less than forty miles outside I'olni .Vieh.i ; northward of Ca|ie Mendocino, in the latitudes of Trinidad and Point St. (ieorn;e, the (listancr ~ four times as nreat and the liottom is ver\ irrefjular. The temperature of the ocean water aloii;; the coast, as derived from a limited numltei "i o!iser\ atioiis thniii^'h two years, has nearly the same yearly average ol Vl ' Fahr. as the walei^ :■■ ■ he noilh almost as fa. as the Strait nf I'liea. Put the distiiiLtiiishinir feature of this part of the coast is the lartie increase in the rain I 11 upon the .--ea lioard, upon the coast raiinc, and as far as the western tianks of the .Sierra Ne\a ;.i. The .seasiuis are the same as at the southward, di> in summer and wet in winter. I'rom eleun years' ohservat ions at I'^iireka, from I.sii.i to IST'., the rain fall averaj,'ed thirt.Ntwo and a hill inches, reacliinjr forty sevi'u and a half inches in ls«(it!, and falliii;^ to twenty live and a halt mi ISCi'.l and 1S7.'{. The condensed talile is ni\-,.|| under the description of laireka. The puMiNlml liullcliiis of the .Signal .Ser\ ice ^'ive a r.iinl'all of t weiitysex fii and thrc'ipiarters inches at ('.ipi' Mendocino, lint this is for the year ISSo'Sli. The w iiids blow w iih severity nil' iiie cape, and in southeasters the rej^ister has indicated i' >• ■ I'locity as hi;:h as one hundred and foitylbur iiiiles per hour (oii .lanuarv L'O, 1 \S(i), hut ii il - no! ncce>>aril\ follow that it attains this e\'!:i(Uilinaiy \clocit\ immediately over the water. I'l twe.itx liiui hours, on .laniiary L'ti, Is.stl, till' rejiisiei indicaleil foiiiteeii hundred and ,seveiit> ■ niilo. ill si\i,\ one and a half miles per hour for ihe entire da\ ; and lor thirty da\ s of the .^.lli ■ monih. .laiiiiary, 1SS(», the renister imiicated lilleeii thousand se\ < n hundred iind tliiit\ siv iiiil- -. which is an a\('ra;re hoiiriv \ eloeity tor a whol,' month of ncarl\ i wcntytwd miles. Tlu^ {.neat swell lit the P.u'ilic in hea\,\ southerly weather causes tlu^ sea to break in nine ;ii ! ex'eii nine and one i|uarler falhoms of water oil the eaiie. and escn in prolonged northwest w ii ~ the loll};, deep, rolling swell is very liiavy. " I'liiita (Inula liiial,s ilir iliiiii In ( \ isinn. InO Unin jlliinl'^ Uri'l' llin liKiuilij; i.s iijii'li. tCapr I'm I II nan linaks tlin ilirrrl linn nf visimi, Iml lioiii I linn In lini'f llin lii'iirin); is njii'ii. till rlliuist ill- niili'iiiin'.l 111' till' lir.iHiiii linrks. nr ('o'Mi'hl City Ki'i'l, wlii'lr II lij^litllim.si" Is ill rnnr-' I rnMBlnirtinii. Till- iiainn in-.! ,'ii|ii|itnl « .-m llin .Niirl liwi'st Snal HnvV. Light. \ ' rACIKir COAST PILOT. 319 Tlic Cojjs forni alioiit tlic c;iim( ami bunk afiniiist it very (Iciisely. Sonictiincs a vessel will ,'\]:\ iliMT wi-allicr Iroin tlii' Strait of Fiiia to this caiH-aiid tlii'ii nicomitcr Cotjs tliat it'acli to San li.i'ifisco. Ill sinmiu-r wciitliiT, wlicn tlif l'on",l lircs of tlu' iiortli arc in lull blast, tlu^ sniokt' is very llih i, aloMf^ tlic \v Imlc roast, and this cajK' may be so coniiilt'lfly hidden thai it is daiifieions to .i|i|ii.i,ich it to lake a deparhire. Ill suMiiiier, steam coast iii,n vessels from the soiitliward keep close under the coast-line to avoid ilir heavy swell and fierce winds wiiieh they will ;;eni'rally encounter here. Cabrillo did not see ('.'lie .Mendocino, altlioiij;h usually (iredited with its discovery. He iiicdHiiteicd lica\y weatlier in this latitude, and was driven olV shore. " They weie at a jioint «ii; ii makes a ca|u'. wliicii they called ('(//)(' ilc /•'()/•/ ioik.v |('a|)e of l'erils|. (Ui account of the many li.iii^ns llicy had experienced in those da,\s. and it is in forty and one decrees." As all his lati- iihli > are erroneous by clj;ada at Siielt( r Cove, in latitude forty deL,'rees. In Ferrelo's voya;;e next year lie experienced a ;;reat storm which drove his vessels otf shore. :i;hl when they were forceil to return southward they did not see the lainl until they approiK^he.l I'l ' ' .\rena, when they reco;;iii/.cd theC.ibode I'inos [at Fort lioss]. lie hail been far north of ( i|ir Mendocino; and between latitudes ,'>'.i.P andll.P he saw discolored water and other sij;ns of a uiiMt liver emptying; on that part of the coast. \ i/.ea'ino lirst located Cape .Mendocino. In .January, ICilK? — '['■■ iliLi-liip oatiii- ill si^lil 111' HiiMir vrrv lii:;li iii'iinil.nn-* cif ;i irddiuli rnlm- ; iiiiil I'ciiirlfrii Iim!;ii.'s fiii'tlirr ti) tlir ■ ■:■' 1-1 ;i rliii|iiiiMl-Hir(M|ii' iMiiii' (lin-ctlv iipini I Ij.- -r:!, ami iirar ll >(>iiir siiow-iiivnicl iiiiMiiitaiii.- : and tlic pildlM , , ' this nIicmiIiI 111' I'lc Capi' Mi'iiilcuiiici « liiili i> iirrmly ami uih' ili-i;ii'rs. < )ii his chart he has a |iroiiiiiieiit lie.ulland in KM ^ and a marked head at tl ^. lietween these 111' Ills a deeji receding; shoreline with a Iary;e river empty in;; into the northeast part thereof. Tills lecession is Iliiinlioldt l!ay; the bi^; river was judj;ed to Ite siii'li b_\ the deep valley in the iliri null of Mild IJiver. The real Cape Mendocino was at IdA . but no iiame appears there. The iiai Ciiho .Mendocino" is placed abreast a cape of wiiile clifls in 11' l(t', whence the shore trends II s||,,ri distance to the iioitheast. This may lie Point Si. (icoi';;e. \'i/caiiio is supposed to have anchored under the Su;:ai Loaf Islet olV Cape Mendocino, or otV :lir l,ir:;e rock otV l'"alse Cape ; but he could not possiiily have tloiie so. (See remarks on Keddiny II'tK. Tlie S|ninisli ^^alh'oiis from the Philipjiine Islands to .\capulco appear to have j^eni'ially made ' Xiiiciiciin coast about Cape Mi iidoclno as a landfall and well to windward and tlien to have 'Ml the cii.isi, .\s nil tile coast line is Ncry bold, e\ cry prominent nionniain wis naturally - I xi'ii for the lieail, and mans erioiieous latitudes were thereby assi;;'ned to tlie cape. Ill 1(1117 (ieini Hi reported the cape to be in II L'd' ; but he ;ratlicrcd his Unowled;;!' Iroiii tlie ship ^ '.rii he traveled ; he did not see the coast ill this lalitiide. I I 17.(1 l>oii Joseph < Ion/ales Cabrera P.ueno says < 'ape .Mendocino is in (U wlieic the coast I • .1 point of lii;;ii land, bare of lliiiiier, with ceil, tin wiiitc clilfs o\ei looking: the sea. lie •'' M'd Ills iiilnriiialioii from the captains and pilots ui' the ;;alleons ; lu^ was ne\er on this coast. I I latitude In ;'iL" I.u Pchhix' (l7Mi) la\s down the cape as Pnntii (ioida, and depicts a ii;; voli'.iiio Iheieon. Ill his description lie says he •• pi'iceiNcd a \olc.iiio mi Ihr summit of a '111. nil which bore east from ns. Tlir tianie was vciy \i\iil; but a tliicU t'oj;- somi concealed it 'ii! 'iiir si;;lil."" lie did not see I lie land to the sunt liw aid on account of the lb;;, but places Cape i' i 'lino in III n7', which is the latitude assi;;ned by |)iiii Piinno de lleceta's mate for the cajie - .'•which is a projection into the sea with fniii ravines of a reddish color with suiiie siimll ' II llie declivities." I ill' Coast Survey has published a cliait ot' the appiomlies to the cape, ;;iviii;; the siiiiiidiii;;s I"' ■ e miles broad oil' the cape and lieiiee noil li ward of Cape I'orlnnas. '{"his cluirl I ml lea I es all ' i'lw 11 dan;,'crs. In ISTO the Coast und ( leodeile .Sui \ ev issued a mil ice to ma ri nets w urn in;; I! "f the discii\ cry of cl;;ht hidden daiiu'eis; iiinl siibsi (iiently more weic discovered. The ' 'I- ell, lit exhibits the lines of otVshore soundings. • lews of the cai»c are ;;iveu fioiu various directions. i %-^ 1 111 I r n m m ' Si-:il'l, ^if i m IP : &P'MII I ; M IVIO PACIl'lC COAST IMI,OT. CAPE FORTUNAS OR FALSE CAPE. Tliis Ixilil jind ]u-i'('iiMt<)iis ln'iid lies lour iiiid ii iiiiarliT inili's iiorlli ImIC west (N. A \\ .) finm ('apt' Mi'iiddi'liii) l,i;:lit liii.isc. It is tlu- iiliiiii)! tcriiiiiialioii of a iiHUinlaliKms lid^c |iiy llie entrance tif a small stream, called Itcai < 'icck,' ((.1111114 tVoni the cast vard thr(in;;h a valley a lion t one (piarter of a mile broad. Tiic creel; has a \\ idili <•[ one liMiidrcd y.irds at the moiilh liclween narrow, sandy points. Il ueiicially clones almin Jul, and opens a I ion I NoNcmlier. I'licre are live I'allioms of water abreast of the month w iilnn half a mile of the beach, upon which a heavy swell is ^^cncrally breaUinj,'. Alon;;- this beach thcii' 1. only one rock found, at (Mic mde Irom the l.i^lit house and close oil' a sliulil depression in the liiils from which a livnlcl jssr.cs. This Loiiv h'liik, as it is called, is only oim hniidicd and twcnl\ il\,' yards from the shore. Tape I'oitnnas. at the upper ed^j'e of the steep pitch, is ,«ix linndrcd and fonrteen fi ct alu'i' the sea ; and thence the ri(l;;e stretches cast by sonih ( !•',. Iiy S ) for two niih s, w here il allaiiis .m elevation i>\' lillecii hiindicil and sixty feel. It is iiceless, bnt covered with fjrass. The dii|i Unlchcs nndei its sonih and north sides aie lillcij wiih oaU and redwood. The line of llie cMaip ineiit of llic cape conlimies iunkcn for more llian a mile to the north from its lii;;hcst point. Imi decreases sharply in elevation towards ihe nionlli of the lirsl j.'iilch. The lia--e of tin' cape has a low water beach of rock, shinule, and sand, except al ils\ii\ extremil.x. Il is ynarded by several oiitlyiin;' rocks and is marked by a hijjh, rocky islet, I \>o hnndred and ten vaids Ion;; noilhcasi and sonthwest. lisiii;; t\\(i liiuidrcd and sixteen fcri ahnvc the sea and I\ in;;' li\ e ei^^liths of a mile from the pitch of Ihe cape. I!et ween il and t'le c.ipc lO' xiiiikiii nifl.w and Iwo smaller rocky islets risiii;;- niiiely and forlysix tcct abo\e Ihe sea. i lie lai';.'esl i>lci is iiol Ml re;;nlarly shaped as the Sa;,Mr Loaf of Cape .Mendocino, and Irom Ihe .vonih west II prcsciiis Ihe appearance of a trnncated cone with the top neaily Hal, but showing \.\.i indistinctly maiked wiiitish patches on its llat top, with a dark break bclween them. I'loiii a loni: distance in the same diicclioii il shows as a cone. From the northwest it appears imirli broadi r because it is seen broadside on. Ihiiiiji IS — /i'(/(/,- iiirii.yli. — One lilih of a mile west ol' Ihe south end of tlu' False Tape liock 1^ .1 rock auash. Tlinr /.'/'y(/,\.— ( »ne third of a mile iiorlh sixty south p r of the I'alse Cape K'ock is 11 liter one of three breaks, with ten lallioms of water close up in 1. Tin I re In t limiL. — Three liftlis of a mile south ei;;lily three (le;;rees west (S. S.'P \V.) |i,.:ii Ihe soiiili point ot the I'alse Cajie b'ock lies a sunken rock with twelve feel of water upon , There IS thiileen falhoiiis of water close outside and deep water inside of il. To eleai' this im i>, keep Sharp IJo. N.olVCape .Mendocino, well on Ihe western ed;;e of the Silf^ar Loaf. Fiiliiiifdt li'iiil.. — There IS a break on a tiftceii feet sunken rock one and one t'i;:hllMiiilr^ soiiih hall'cast (S. \ I!.) from I'alse Cajie b'ock, with fonl uroniid iicarl,\ hall a mile west ward l.\ . l! is till piai ters of a mile broad oil sliorc but is far inside of any vcss(d's track. To clear this |m iI ;;roiiiid keep Sharp itock, oil' Cape Mendocino, on the western ed;:eof the Sn^far Loaf. Noltliw.ird of the I'alse Cape Mock are sex era I sinil.ni mil.s close under the shore, and li eliistcr of tliiee Jilsl iliside the ten fathom line and located by Miixsil h'urh-. which lies e\.i' north N.) of the iiiiddlc ol the i'alse Ciipe Hock, distant three ipiai tei s of a mile. This ri" !■ ~ (piite low, very small in cMeiit, and lies vcr> ncaii.N half a mile Innad oil' shore abreast the 1 '-' lartc ynlch on the north side of the cape. The three sunken rocks lie one hnndred and foil> >.'i l> to the llollhwi'st of Mussel K'ock. Iii-id( (if Mussel Ifoek are three small visible rocks and several sunken rocks. Thence I' 11(11 thwaid the shore line is free fidiii daiiy^ers. The ■iniiiiiliiiiis (ilflhe cape show j;cneiall\ lilteeii fathoms three (piarters of a mile oillsul. I'alse Cape Itock. with links patches of sexcn and ei^ilil Calhoins, and line fjray sand up to lir l.ithoii's; tweiil> lallioms al one and 01 i;;litli miles from Ihe rock, with line ;;iay sand 'It wan Iiil;(II\ Uiiuvmi a» .MiDiiikiIiI'h CivrU (|s7ii). '^5' .»»M,_.-^* .K». ^p- rif. M I ';*>i'-«A ii^^ ■•» . • •"■'i If ' Fiii Hf 1 ! ^■f|' IP .■ ■ ! iVj^ ' ^8 ii 'i. |;| 1 i jl i.i M., as Uix'li (itV l'a|ic rdrtiiMiiN or l''iilm' ('apt', M-;., 'Jit; (■(■•■t liiirli. Mie Siijai- l.oiif, M;.,„ir ('ill,,. M..|i(l()(iiiii, ;t31 feet. ■■;--.ii<*»«:^'l;J^. ■•'*«"^ w . -*■: Ciipi' riiiliiii;f<, 1. J mill's. lapi" Mfiidcu S. l'> K., ilisliiiit 'Hi iiiilos. Ml i\ ill '^li !!! % ( fi -i %t 1' i w^\ l')i>'i'P \Wm' Ijl.W MmiI "W ■ I ' f'' ' '■::-t 1^ l-Uitii ^z' iitiii.i<^b ILMM* ■ ■■ ih"««|Mi^^^^^'i* ' Jl « >ill IM RnspMinpnHRn Sugar Loaf. Kock ort t'»p« Knrtiimw. Cnpo Mriiiiiiciiiii l,i){lii |iini', ■<:;: •V .i)!&^ -*'^..- -.-^v '_r^. 'V ^iinar l.diif, ;t:ii fi.,t. {'Hl«' M.'lidoriiici, l,;ift, feel, K.NK., - iiiil.s I.ikIiI lioiisr, 11.1^111 ■I'.'li IVrt, NiiticoiiliU' tree. The Twins, •i.tWO and a,460 feet. (1870) ^^^tl^^'^S^"^^' Wdorii'd liill iifni f'eiilii'villc I'alse li'iiik. 'Jlii I'eet. ('api- h'mliiiuiM 111- I'alsc Cnpe, 700 feet lii^li, NK., 10 iiiile.'i. Break. liliint's Keet'. r Mil ,-— aBftii f .M t I 'if H ''T J,, If; I I iw^ 1 ' >; w liia '* "'-^rr Whito liiif •'! •:iv.''. Iipai'h. Tiil.lo niiill, !ifi«lit liif. f.'et, S. :i,^ (,"» 9 Bluff, height lii,^ feet, S. It!)- K., n mih. Rotic oa'FdrliiiinH. Sugar r,o»f R„ k off M«ii.<(.n,i„. Capo Kortnn.isCapp Mpii iinin.., S. li.vK.,2l iinicH feet, K. iS..4iiiiilM. Hciidiiiu Kork, M-: ■CvM^nat- Wliiti' lint' III" Niinil Rook M. ;l:'t' >! / mBSm UiHiliiii; \li;U. -:i Iril, K.Sl', ({.•■liliM« l{(M k, N. lij K. PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. 321 mil I. Tlii'iico tlio (Icjttli is i|iiito uiiilbrm lor iiciiiiy two miles fiiitluT oiif, leaching twenty liv(^ r. jiiuis at two ami tlii«'e<|iiarlers miles (Vom tlie loek, oser a iMttloiii of line ^ray saml and lirown iiiii 1 : heyiind tliis the liy(lio;,'ra|)liie. snrvev has not yet Iteen extemled (ISS(i). The ;;e(i};raiiliieal position ol'the Coast Survey station, whieli is on the ]iiteli of the eape, six liiiniliiil and lonitoen feot aliovo the sea and live iiundred ami I'orty-live yards uoiitli seventy- I,. 11 iiid a half dej^rees east (S. 71.^'^ 10.), true, from the extreme i)oint ofthcea[ie, is as follows: l.alilnilc I" :iii liii'.l iioitli. l.dllfjillMll' I-.' I -'.i' IT .1 WfSl. Or, ill tiiMi' f^' IT" lil'.l. riie ma;;netie variation in .lannary, ISS."), was IS 1l" east, and inereasinj;' <>'. It annually. I'l'iiin the I'alse ('ape Iioi-k the. Whistling; lii.oy oil' llnmlxildt l>ar hears north two and a half ijcuiee.s east (N. -.P Iv), distant seventeen miles; the Ilnndioldt l.i;;lithonse hears north nine ill -ives east (N. 0^ Iv), distant seventeen and a half miles; and Trinidad Li{,dit house hears north mil (ii'uree east (N. I ' 1'^.), distant thiityl'our miles. iliiseapi^ was locally known as I'alsi' .M(>ndoeino, then as false ('api'; hut in ISIW the ('wist Sill V >'\ named it Cape l''ortuuas to a\ old the repetition of the name Mendoeim), ami to (H>nnn(>tn- III, 111 lerrelii's discoveries, althoutjh he applied thai name to the vicinity of Point l)el!;ada. (See n iiMiks on Cape Mendocino.) I.ii I'ciiinse calls this cape (eomhined with Cape Mendocino) I'linta Corda, and i)lace.s it in 111 1 iiilc. W^ li'2', hut a thick fo^ prevented hi,< seeinji the immediate coastline. TIIK COASl riJOM CAl'I'; KOKTINAS Jn TIMMDAI) ilf.AI). Northward of Cape P'oitnuas the shorelim' is very slrai.i^ht. norlli six deuifcs east (N.CP E.), I ir lucnty-eijiht miles to the month of Mad liivcr; and from Mad IfiNcr to Trinidad l>ay the >liniv iiiM> is ay;ain strai;;ht norlli fourteen de};iees west (N. 1 1 ' W.) for six miles. In this stretch III thirtyfour miles the hills retreat for several miles inland, and tne shore-line is broken h.v the iiiniilisof I'el Kiver, Iliimlioldt l'>ay. and .Mad lti\cr. From seaward it looks as if a ;;reat ^nlt III I'll' in well to the east ward. The shiu'c is notahly a h>i\js line of sand beach and sand dunes liiiil,cii only by Table rdulVand IJeil lilnlV. For four nidcs north of the cape the shore is bordered l)V lii;:li hills ran;;ed in a series of rid;;es |ierpendicnlar to the coast line, and decreasiui; in hel<;ht ;i< »!• .ippi'oach lie! Itiver I'.eaeh. The summits, rising- to nine liniidii'd and fmty feet at one and a bill' miles abreasi ( 'entreville, are eo\eied with redwood, and the ;;■ .rues tilled with oak ami iiijuiiod The shore has a low water beach which has ipiicksands in s' ne places, making; travel li.i/,;li'ilons. .\l four miles from the cape is the small settlement of CottirrUh' close umler the northwest vl.i|ie .if the hills, which here retreat well to the eastwanl to form the valley of Fel liiver. Cell- iir\ ille is located at the head of a small stream rnnnin;.; northward, paralh'l with the ocean shore .iiiil not over a (pnirter of a mile therefrom. On this peninsida the saml diiiu's reai'h only twenty Ici i , le\atioii. KKL I!lVi;it. 11 V IS a moderately troiid sized stream opening; thriMi;;li the beach ei^ht i;nd tlireeijuarters '■ 'I a of Cape T'oiUinas and thirteen miles from Cape Mendiicino. From ISInnt's Heef it 1'. .''ti! sjxti'en di';.'rees east (X. Hi ' !■].) thiiteen and a half mill's distant. It has a bar at its niimli: \\'\'. .)nly six aid a half feet (>f water upon it. Th" eiitiance is very narrow, and at the tiiiif I.'' tile MiiNcys in \MV.) and in lS7."i the distance apart ol the noitli and soiitb points v.;is only line ii'ii dred and seventy liN e yards, and at low water cinisidei ibiy less. .V small coastinjf steamer, ilir.viiiLt seven to ei^flit feet of water, trades here, but can eiiti r only at (U' near hii.;h tide, and even ;!iiii I here b: almost continually a bieaker o'l il'c bar. .li st inside the two points the river 1(11 i\es >■ A Shiuijh, a shoil stream or slon;;li from ;!., south, and Mc\iilli/'s Sloiiiih from the iii'iili. 1. ' th river, at the tinm of the surveys and examinations in ISii!), IS70, and lS7."i, did 'H.i break St. .ifjht thi(nii;li the shore line at the juneticm of the sloufjhs but, one third of a mile III iijiward, HO Unit there is a tendency of the siniih point to push to the northward find also to \:l,ip the north point on the outside. In iS7(Mhe entrance between the points had moved to uhwaid two hundred and tliirty-three yards in (Uie year, hut iireservinj; about the suiiic iTL'U V I' -'1 'T '^1 Nil!.,. I'ACIKK" >n.\vT I'll.ul. 323 Till' ncojinipliiciil |)()Hition of tlic iKtrtliWfst iniinl ol' Taldc I'.liitV, an (IctoriiiiiiCMl by the Coast ar.'l (.fiiiU'lic Siiivt'.v, is l.aliliiilr 40 ir H '.:i nortli. I,(iii«iliiilc 1-JI 111 li'.l .1 west. itr.intiiMi' ^'' 17'" III".);. 'I'll!' iiiiijjiu'tic. variation was is J l.V t-ast in Jamiary, l.ss,"», witli an annual increase of I'.O. l! has bi'i'ii pi'opusud to roniovt; the lliiniliuhit Lii^iithuiiso to this blull'. HUMBOLDT BAY. 'i'l;c iMitraiice to this hav lies sixfo«Mi and a half miles north seven defrrees east (N. "'' K.) from ('iipi' I'lirtnnas; and the Wiiistlin^' IJnoy otV the liar lies twenty-one miles north one dej^ree west iN. 1 W.) from ("ape Mendocino Lifjlit house and twenty-two miles north I'leven defrrees east (N. 11 !■;.) from the Whistlin.u I'.uoy otV lilunt's Heef. The hay itself is sitinited parallel with the (U)ast-line immediately lieliind the low sand S])it8 anil iliuies Itetweeii Taltle llliitf and Mad IJiver. It extends four miles soutli and Tiine niiles north (if ihc entianec, and is sharply eontraeted to one third of a mile in width between liod IJlulf and till' -until point of the entrance. For further desei'i[ition of the shores ot the liay see paye .'527. /;.(/ /.7»//' is the one marked feature of the entrance to this bay. It is a small hillock with two liiccs visible from seaward. T;jo northwest face is oin -third of a mile loiij;, and the southeast l.iii' ihe same. It i.i nearly ll,,itopped, with the liij^hest jiart ninety si.x feet above the sea at the .•iiMu.inl extremity, with a {lentle slope thence towards the iioitlieast. The northwest face is steep ami w.iier worn, preseiitiii}^ a reddish appearance from the oxidation of iron ore in the fjravel ; the suiiilirMst tact! is also steep but covered with >;rass, and iias trees under it. I>eliind it the land l.ilN IK ally to the level of the bay, and a stream nearly cuts it otf from the mainland, llumbohlt I ■•itii. i>iic third of a mile lonj;, stretches southeastwardly on tlu' line of the northwest face of the lilntl. It i-< low, reactlies the deep water leadinj; to the south aim of the bay, ami has a few houses iiliuii 11. These houses are seen over the outer spits at the entrance. Oil this lilulV the [lilots have a llaj^-stalV to raM};e with known ]ioints of trees on the I-u-qufi lliitir-, by which raiifi'es they cross the bar and keep the run of its chanjijes. riic l(i\\ land on the I'astein shore of the bay northward of Ued IiliitV averajjes half a mile in uiilih ami extends as tar as Kureka, gradually cbanj;iiij; to marsh and bordered by hills densely iciviiitl with redwood forest. Tlic comparative isolation in" Ked 151utV j;ives it tlie appearance of an island when the haze scttirs thickly liehind it. Tlif I'.ntrnmv to lliimboldt ISay is jiciierally atioiit half a mile wide between the two low, <;iii(l.\ piiliits, and is marked by Ited I'.liilV inside ami. just abi-.'ast of it , and liy the Lij;ht-hoase on llir imiih point. To the southward Talile Uliitl', ilescribei. on page .'illl.', is tlie landmark for iiiuKliifr It. The distanci' bet Ween the northern and soutl.erii points varies from threeeiy;liths to live ii;;lillis of a mile, and averaf^es half a mile. These loii;; sandy iioints at the entrance to "le !'i,\. iiini which form its western boundary, are known as the Soiuu Spit or Peninsula and the Nuiih S|iit or I'eiiinsiila. The Siiiitli Sjiit, separatinj; the soutliein iiart of lluiubohlt Hay tiom the ocean, is formed of iiiu ^,111(1 iliiiies and j^rassy liillocks, and has no tices upon it. It is bordered on the bay side by ii;ur<>v\ patclics of marsh. It is three and three ipiaiti'is miles loii^ Irom Table Hliilf, and in pl.irr.< only eij;hty yards across ; tlu' widest part is three liniidred and titty yards between hijj;h- «.iliT marks. The \in-tli SpJt or Peninsula avt'iai^es half a mile in breadth and is ten and a half miles loiifj, rr.icliiii;; l'r"m witiiin three-()uarters of a mile of the iiioiilli of Mad Kiver. Its soutliein extremity, 111,11 the Li;;ht-hoiise, is composed of low dunes, and north of that liifzlier dunes, cliaiigiii}^ into s.iiiily and f^rassy hillocks disposed in a marked manner jiaiaJel with the direction ol the iiorlh- wi-i wiial.s. Two miles north of the 1-inlit -house there is a .stretch of one mile of the [leninsiila -paiMl,\ eoveri'd with tiees. then an open sjiace of one ii ile, after which the line of forest trees is iiiilirukcii. The hi;.'liest dunes are about eif;lity ti\c feet abo\f the sea, and the weod and uiider- ^iiiuih are especially dense on the bay side. On this peninsula aie several stock lanches; there N iNu 11 sawmill on the bay side nearly oppositt' Hiicksiioit, and an extensive shii)-yard u little III il'c iKirtii of it. '■ \ . ■ 1. jj ii i ! i,: i I I'. i I. 111 m t ' ,^ '.V 324 rACll'lf COAST PILOT. T^^ IIUMIIOI.DT BAR. liiko the ontrances to all tlio rivcr.-i '.iiid Im.vs on tliis coast, tliis has a bar, wIimjIi iiiidor^rdrN irrofiular rliaiip's, (lt>|it>ii -i northwest from the bar. settin^c tl ; vessel well oil shore. In till' slimmer of isTd. in prolon};ed calm weather, we found the inshore eddy-current iiiaKiii;' to the northward past Cape Mendocino about one and a ipiarter iiiih's per hour for iiffeeii mile-- .ill shore; outside of that limit the lairreut wa.s ruuiiiii;; to the soiithwai'd. Nine iniies south Ibity-two and a half dej;rees west (S. 4L'A \V.) from the li;;lit-lioiise. mhI live and a half miles broad otl shore, a current stati\ a mile north of the entrance to the bay and about miilway between the bay and the sim siinii's. It lies nearly one and a half miles north Ibrty tour de;;rees west (N. 41^ W.) from l!ed I'.lii: . li consists of a keepei's dwelliii;,' of one and a half stories, with a circular tower (the frustiipi "i i t^oiie) risin;j twenty-one feet above the center of the roof. Moth are built of brick, pl.i i mi!, painted white, and surmounted by an iron lantern, the dome and balustrade of which arc p <: of Vi Illill'H, 'M ti'i'l Hi II ilJHlaiii'K of Kit liiilrs. :I0 fri'l 111 a ilJHliinro of I 1) Mlili'X. Its peop-aphieal position, as determined by the IJ. S. Coast and (leodetie Survey, is: l.aliliiclr Ill Ki' (lliKirlli. I.iiliuilllili' I'JI 111 14 west. Or, ill liiiif .""' Il)"' .VJMt. I'niMi the li<:lit the hearings and distances to luominent olijects aic as Iniiows: (',l|M' Mrliilnciliii I.i!,'llllMMIsc S. :i! W . 'JI*lniliH. illiiiil'N Kift. (llCiipi' Mriicldcino S. l:ii \V. -".'l iiiiiiH. ('ii|H' l'ortiMi:iH, 1'':iIm' (':i|ii> l.'iick S, '.I \V. ITjiiiilrH. 'I'liiiiiliiil lliilil l.ijjIilliiiii.Mi \. ' '. \V. IT luilrs. CiTHii'Mt Cil.v l.i;;lilliiin»i' N. IT( W. .'I'.l inilcH. SI. (iiMirKr'H lii'i r I ii|ii|iiiHrcl li);lit )• N. S.i \V. til iiiiliH. (aim Oilonl l.i^-lillnmsn N. •.'.'i l\!r> iiiilcN. A ii;;lit on Hi'd UinlV. which is nearly one IiiiimIumI feet liiy;!', woiihl always serve as a leading r,iii;;c', as the llajr-stalV and ensi;;n placed then- aie now lliiis used by the pilots. It would lio ili>liii;:iiishable readily at sea, when the pifseiit one iiii|;ht lit> obscured by the mist haiifiiufj over till >iiif on the beach. Unriii^ the day the white buildings would be a capital mark a;;aiiist the ;;iiin hills and trees in the back;;i'(Miud. This view, now and formerly «'.\pre8sed, has been n |ii;ii(tlly anil earnestly uryed upon our attention by many captains, merchants, and the pilots I'l lluiiiholdt ]>ay. I''0(i-W1IISTI-K AT IHMHOI.DT l.KillT HOfi-K. This is a twelve-inch stt'am-whistle, which {jives tillnmilf hlitals of Jntir xccuntJs and rii/lif sccoikIs Willi iiili rr N. Ill \V. ,'i-< milo.s Tlu" bcarin;; of the bar is not j;iven because it chautres its position too freiiucutly. Mill iliaiiHil l!»(ii/.— This is a tliirdclass nun hiwti painted with red itnd irliilf hotizinitiil stripes. l! IS placed oil the western extremity of the hard, sandy spit iiiaking out one-cpiarter of a mile 'The Miirlliwi'sfrriiiniist nuk ol'llir ('rrscriit City Uri'l". k ¥ : li 't* i«. ~ i;;.' 326 I'AriKlC COAST PILOT. from (lie iiortliwcst I'licc of \Ud I'lliilV, and lot'iilly known as llowanl S])it. It lii's in lliiiictMi Ik i of water ovtT liaid, sandy lidltoin. Finni it arc jfivcn llu> following; lM'ai'in;,'s and distancfs: Ki'cl llliill. lii;;lic'>l iMiiiit SK. } S. I mile. Iluiiilinldl l.inlilliiiii-.' WWV, U iiiilcH. liunj CHI liiw 1 r 411(1 111' iiiiililli' ;;niiiiiil in tlir soiilli .iiiii cil' llir |p:iy S. \i\ W. 1 \V. ; iiiilr, Tlu> lliiwai'd S|iit Ituoy must lit' left on tiio slarlxiard iiami wIkmi Ixnind to l'',ni't>ka or tlir tiortli arm of tlii' lias ; and on tiic port liaml when luinnd to tlic soiitli arm of the liay. IHOVS To MAUIv Tin; TASSAdK To TlIK NoKril AI!M uK Tlir. IIW, (JKNKUAl.l.V CAt.I.Iil) Till: KIKDKA CIIANM-.l.. % Jiiiiii/ A'li. -. — Tliis is a llilnl chixs innlnniy. pniiilnl red ami niimhirid 'J, idacc'i in twehc ii . : of wattT o\ci- iiaid. saiidv liottoin, and must he Idt on ilic starWoard hand wlicn riitfriiij;. N. lK'arin.:;s can be "In en liccansc the clianiud I'liannrs. It is alncast tin' liiil of llic nortli spii |l|| Ml ]ieiiinsnla. Jlimi/ .Yii. I. — This is a tliinl class nun liiiiii/, jniintnl hhuU ami numhcnd \, plact'd in Imiili fci't of water over hard, sandv liottom, and must tic Icit on the port hand in cntciiii;;. it is m I Ihi' north side of the channel alioiit one mile south bv east seveneij;hths east (S. Iiy i;. ; !•;.) iidm lliimliolilt Li;;lit. Iliioy \ii. .!. — This is a tliinl class nitn-lmoi/, painted lilac}; and nnmhcrcd ,'5, placed in titlci n feet of water o\cr haid, sandy liottom and innst lie Ict'l on the port hami in entering. It is tlnvr ipiarteis of ii mile sontliea>t seven ci;;htlis south (Sll. ; S.) from the Lij;hthonse. liiioii .V". l, — This is a lliird class canlmnji. painted red and ntimhcrcd J, placed in eiuliicii! feet of water, and must he left on the starlioaid hand in entering'. No liearinjis can lie ^i\rii liecanse the channel ehan;;('s. Indian Island Spit Itiioi/. — ( )ne (jnartt'r of a mile south of the southern e\ticniit.\ ol IimIi.ih Island, where tiic shoal spit divides the main in ten tect tif water over hard. satid\ bottom. \'essels ni passiiiji up the eastern liranch to l''iil.U' Landin;; and llnokton Iea\e this buoy on the starlniaid hand, givin;: it a ;;ood berth; tli"~i' ]iassinj; np tiie wi>terii branch to .M\eis' l.andin;; !ea\c it on the port hand. l'"rom this buoy ilic following; lieai'iii;:s and distances are t,'iven to prominent objects: i;.d I'.liiiil'laustall' M;. 1 N. Ildwaid Spit Itiuiy Ihinibiildt l.i>;lil In N, li.v i:. i !■; N. 5 W. .; iiiiif '■i nillc 1^ lllilc In the North I'.av the channel to Areata Wliaif is niaiked near its u|iper i-eac les w II h |i on the port hand, anil one liaircl beacon on the staiboanl. In the .South liay the channel in llookton l.andiii;.' is marked li\ beacons on eithi'i' side ol the channel, commeiicin;; less than liill' a mile from roinl llninboldi. JlnidJiin Cliannil. — .\ sinijle pile heacan, iiainted ml and nnnilnrid i*. has been placed on liie west side uf the ehaiiiiel, aliout halfway from I'oint lliiinboldt to the wharf at field's Landing', m mark a shaip liiiii in the cliannei. It is nine hundred yards north by west half west (N. by 'A . A W .) from the northern cud of field's Landing. .V simile pile heanHi painted red, and nnmhered (i, has been jiliieed on the end of a shoal i»ii ''jniidred and fortv \aids from the northern side of the eiitrain-e to Clark's Slough. rAcii'K; COAST rii.oT. 327 Hiinka. — A siiifjlc y*//'' hcition |iiiiiit('(l willi ><7/ ((/k/ /(/(k/,- liaiiils lias liccii placed lictwci'ii tlu> ('ii\ wliailaiiil Iniliiiii I>laii. T. iird JK In pioeeedin;; to .\i(',ila keep the red Iteaeons on the starlioard hand ami tlie lil.iek lieaenns on the port hand. The following; distances and liearin;;s from the northern extremity ot' Indian Island lociitu ilii --r In ;^'',,ns : jUai No. S, seven hundred and ei;;hty yards west se\enei;:hths south |\V. ; S.) ; No, 10, Hi'vrnlccn hnmlred yards, northeast one (pnirtcr east (M!. | i:.); No. IL', a mile anil a halt' (iliice thonsaml on«« hundred ami lil'ly yaiils) northeast oneipiartcr math (Nil. ', N.). Ileacon Nil. ."). half ii ndle (one. thousand one hundred yards) mirtheast se\fn-ei;;liths north (NIO. ; N.); Nil. ,, one ami one half miles (two thonsand nine liniidred yards) northeast live cij^hths north iM;. : N.); No. !•, two miles (Ibnr thousand and se\enty live yaids; noitheast three-cii;hths north (M:. :N.). Tiili-1 lit llumholill liiii/. — The tides are of the nsnal I'acitic Coa.-t type, there liein;,'' om- lar;;o ami ii:ie small tide diirin;!: each day. The heij;hts of t«o successive hi^h waters (occnrrin;j oik* in ilie rniirnin;; and one in the al'leiiu>on of the same twenty tonr lionrs) and the intervals from llir next preeeilin;;' transit of the moon are \tiy dilV/icnt. The>e irre,i;nlarities depend npon the iiiiiiiii's declination. They disappear near the time that the nuHin's declination is nothing; and ;iii' greatest ali'iiit the tinu' that the declination is the greatest. The incipialities for low water ;irr iidt the same as for hi{jh, although they disappear and ha\c the ;;icalest valne at lu'iirly the siiiin- llnics. When the ,'ioon's declination is north, the hijiherof the two hi;^h tides of the twetiiy four Ikkh^ occnis at llnmlioldt iMitiance altonl 1 1'' dil" after the moon's transit; and when tliedccli- iiaii'iM IS .south the hij;her of the two hi^h tides occurs alioiii !'■ L'lr" before tiie moon's transit. The Id Wit 111 the two low waters of the day is the one w liicli follows the liinhcr of tin* lii^h waters. Tin (iirnctnl l\stiil)linliiiii lit, or iiieaii iiitcr\al lietwccn the lime of the moon's transit and the lime df liidh water, is N 1'' ,'{!i" ; ami the dillcrciici' lietwccn the jzrcalcst and least of the intervals i> 1 II "'. 'I'he mean ri.se and fall of i ides is four and four tenths tcet ; of the sjninj; tides ti\ c and Ii.ilf feet ; and of the neap tides three and one half lect. The mean duration of the tlood is ti 1 I , and of tin* elili •>'' 1 1'", reckoning,' from the middle of one stand to tin middle ot" the next. I lie a\ er.i;;(' ditVcreiice liet ween the t'oriccted I'slalilishineiil of the a. m. and p. lii. tides of the s.iiiic day is P' 1.'!'" for lii;.;h water and )'' (M for low water. These dill'erences, when the moon's ill iliiialion is dreiiiest, are L"' O'.l'" and l''.'!S"'. 'J'he a\ era;;!' ditVereiice in lii'i;;ht ot' these tides in diic.iiiil lliree tenths feet for t lie liiuli w aters. and two anil one tenth feet lor | ne low waters. When till- iiiodii's declination is ;;reatest, these ditVereiices are t wo ami onetelitli feet and three and foiir- liiil lis feet, respeetively. The average ilillercnce between the liiuher lii;;li and lower low waters dj I lie same day is six and one tenth feet, and w Inn the moon's declination is ^ real est, seven and din' lentil feet. 'I'd lind the times and hei^'hls ot' the tides at ilnmbohlt l!ay. take I hem from the daily tide table r<>: \Nioria, and then for the lii;;li waters subtract one ho ir and six ininntes tor the time and sub- it in diic and se\ cut li tent lis feet for the lieidhi ; fur the low waters subtract one hour and nineteen iiiiiiiites, and take the hei;;ht unchanp'd. 'I'lie time of lii^li water is ei;;lilecn minutes later a I l!iireka, and the liei;;ht I wo tent lis of a foot li:.;licr: llie time of low water is tweiitv ininntes later, and the height onetcnth ot' a foot less. •m INsmi.: TIIK KNTlJANi'i; To IllMliOl.HI f.AV. ."^diitli of the entrance the bay expands to two miles in width and tuns close up to the north l.iridf Table IMiilV. The single channel iiinniii^' into this southern i>ait of the bay divides into '^>d ii.iijow and crooked ones which decrease in depth from three fathoms to one; all the rest >lid«sa bare mild-llat at low tides. One channel iiiiis into the llookton Slou;;li at the southeast iiii-leof the bay, and steamers iiin one and a hall' miles up this slouch to llookton baiidiiid-, a 'liiarler of a mile below the villaj,'e of llookton. I'he liiitcd Slates iMi.nineers are died^in^' this i,il.;;: km '1 ) I I H 'iW- i- '^ Ji. M in 328 I'Aciiic COAST rii.or. rlianiu'l to fiivi- toil ti'ct at liiw water. It is inarkfil In iiilcs on citlu-r sido. Tlic otlitT rlianiirl runs (liivctl.v tiiwanls tlio il' thi- llals tu .M.mi' Laniliii;.' Ill' S(iiiiii|iort. wht'ic a wliaif aliiiosi lialf a iiiili' in lfii<;tli is Imill tint to iliiii \\al< . This laiiiliii^' is now al>aniiiiiiril ami tin* wliail' is Incajkiii:; up. A in-w lainliii^' callnl Ht Ill's I.nu . /«(// is now cstalili. ' 'il in tlif llooktmi clianni'I, one ami a iialf iiiilcs sontli soiit)i*>asl IVoin i t'litiiini't' to t1it> h\\\ ami sfvcn ci^^litiis ol' a niilr soiitli .soiitlit'ast riinii l'<>iiit lliiiiilioidt. A wli.ii is Imlll li('i(> at tiic tciniiniis ol' a railioait i'oiuiii<,' from llic I'^rl KImt Nalicv aail ]>i('i'('in;; 'I'ai.' niulV liy a tnniitl. Tilt' t'at'f of this whai'l', ]iai'ailrl to the ciianiii'l. is iicailv tliK'c hnnili'fil yards Ion;; and h.i^ nearly tlin'o I'atlioiiis t)l" water aloii;,'sJdc ol' it. AltreasI tiie elitraliei'. Iiet«eeii Ited riiiilVaml I'.ik llixer, the hay is one iiiile wide, wiili jirohl tlals nnder tile eastern shore and extensive sands, iiaie at low water, lyiii;,' midway lielween IIh opposite shores and rnnniii;; nearly parallel with tlieni. Theiiee to the mirthward the a\i'rii,r width ot' the hay is half a mile tor a distane*- of three and a half miles. Il then expands inl" .1 liroad, shallow sheet ol water, known as the Norili Hay, with seNcial iiiarsli\ islands lunderiii- the .southeast part. This Itroad hay is lioiden-d by extensive marshy ^;roiiiidH with 8loii;:lis lliidii;:h them. The greater part of it is bare at low water, showing; mud tiats, lhron;;h wliieh t un or three crooked ehaniiels lead to the sloii;ihs. In the ehanind way elose nnder the north peii:ii ila not less than three fallionis niav lie carried, iiiei'easin;; tor three miles to six and a li.ill fathoms; and this ehaiinel is ]iroloii;;ed to a sloii;:h leading; tliroii;;li the maisliy land at llie iiorthwist aiiu'le of the lia.N nearly to the month of .MatI i{i\er, and known as Mad Kiver Slon.^li. A narrow c.iiial has liccn cut to connect M.id IJixer with the he, id of this sloii;^li, tliroii;jh wlii.ii sawlo;:s wcie foriiierls liron;:iit t'luiii the loy;;in;; camps in Mad i;i\er \'alley to the saw milN in llnnilioldt K.iy. It is not improhalile that at one time Mad Kiver was th'.' ^reat feeder to I liim boldt lla,\ and eiinitied into it's nortluvest aii;:h'. At present only three slioil, small streams ciiiii it fiom the east — .laeolis' and Freshwater Creeks in the north bay and Mowitcli or KIk liiver mic mile north ot' the eiitianee. On llnmbiildt I'oint, under the south side of Ited ItliitV, is the villa;;e of llnnilioldt. 'Inn miles iKMlli of the entrance and on the isistern side of the bay is situated the town of linekspmi. otV which there was at one time a depth of three and a half fathoms of water w ithin one IiiiimIi' •! and lli'ly ,\ aids of the shore. In \^~\ we found the sawmill located there abandoned and tlir place descited. The banks had been badly cut away. In issii there was a broad wharf here, bnt the ciianMcl to the southward was <'loscd, and only ten feet of water cindd be had at the wharf when it was a;i|iidaclied from the nortliwaid. The military station of I'oit lliimboldt was on a reservation on the bliilf about one iiiiielii'l feet hi;;h and immediately behind Ibieksport. It is aliamloned. Some of the biiildin-s -! II remain. On the same side of the bav and four miles north of the entrance is the thriviiiy; eir. nl ICiireka, with seveinl h iw. marsiiv islam Is directly abieast of it. 'j'he |iassa;,'e between the waiii front of lluieka ami the nearest ishr.il to the nortliwaid is onl\ two lriiidre(l yards wide, tiiid a! the set I lenient of the place It had nearly tliiee fathoms of watci' in it, but the month of this |>a>>;i;:r Ii'adin;; to the main chaiiml liati only >e\eii or ei;,'lit feet, The tow n was laid out betoie this liiUri act was di-coNcicd. 'I h e clianiiel is now lieili; dred^'cd bv the I'liited States Kn>'ineeis. \ lie at the w]i;i|\fs to load liimlier and uroilnce, and rest on tlie niml at low tide, llilleka is the j^iial lill iilier ceiilcr of this rei^ion. ai III its ship! iiiiL' IS enormous. N o less I mm ei^'ht raili'oads, some of considerable leii;;tli, are built from various ]ioiiits on the shores ot' II im boldt r.ay to tap the vast forest re;,'ioiis sniroiimliiii: il, imdiidint; also the I'.el liivcr and \| ni liiver N'alk-ys, Many of the sawmills (or mannfaetnrin;,' the lumber are located at 01 n M' iinmcdiale vicinity of Ijircka. It is a jiort ot'entry in the collection district of San l''raiici>c. 1 nil a ;:ieat number ot' vessels trade direct ly w itii forei;;n ports. It has re;;nlar and frei|iieiii ■ ;i. mniiication by steamers with San I'r.iiiciseo iind other points and is connected with lini.. li\ tcle;;raph. In is.so the ]iopiiiatioii of I'.iireka was '_',(),')!>. The low i^hiiids opposite Iliirelw^ c e cut llji by sloii;;lis and ponds. The lar{,'est, called I :'li,iii Island, is alioiit a mile Ion; loi'theast and southwest and half a mile in width. It is inark> ! 1'^ two hillocks siiriiioiinted by clumps of trees, m'ar w liieli were ( IS.'il) .scveial wretched IiKliiiii liiil>. There are e\teiisi\e saw-mill biiildiii;;s and wharves on the southeast side of this island, aiil ilic :'l: lieie is much deeper than alireast the watei-front of I'aireka. The Ninallcr isiaii . lii between this Indian Island and KiireKa and ;;enurally parallel with the Mhores of both. W't\ -isSL. ' m- VACiVW COAST PILOT, 32!) For tlu' iM'iioIlt of Hiiilinj; inivstcrs ilcsirons of clipckiiifr tlit'ir <'liroiiotiictt'is \vliilt< Ijiii^' "t Ijiivkit, wcnivcllu'pHinniphifiil position ortlit'MNtroiioiniciil stiitioii in tliciiiiliiicM(|iiiiivof Kiiivka, a^ il.'Iniiiiiii'il l>y the \'. S. CoiiMt aii 4(1' W i)'".:\ iiDrtli. I.iiii);iliiili< I'.' I O'.t :i.'. ,7 wu.it. Oi, ill tiim- ^l' lli"':l-.|, i'lif iiiii^'iictlt! Variation wan IH^ 1*0' oust in Jiinuiiry, 1885, ami iniTi'asfs annually 1'. .\iiiilii, foi'int-rly rniontown, is sitiiiitfd in tlio niitlillo of tlit> north slion^ of tlic liay. It was lni Mil riv K'aclictl liy boats only at lii;;li wattM', but n Ion;; wliarf has lu-ni i^instnii'tfil well ovor tint il.ii^.aiiil llit^ I'nilt'd States i;n;:in('i'rsha\i'tlri'(l;,'»Ml iiuhanncl ol'tfu feet at low water to tin; wharf. \ I iilioati IroMi Ihf Mad b'ivcr valli\v <-arrii>s linniit-r to vessels loailin;; at this whail. This plaee \\,is .1 ^lartill^ point for the Trinity ami Klainatli ^ohl mines, ami is now the sliippin;; point for au lAii iisivo ami rii'ii lumbering;, a;;ri(:ultnral, ami stock re!.'i<>ii draineil by tlit^ Mad Klver ami smaller siiraiiis. It lias regular (Htminiinicatiun by st^-ainer with San Francisco, in ISStt its population «a, 7(l'-'. riir Wrtitlirr in the liiinili/ o/ JliimhohU liuji. — The fo^H of suinnu'r aray, sometimes euntinuiii;; for weeks at a time\siili ati oceasional li^.liliii^'' up in the middltMtf the day. The summer winds blow stron^fly, as this break in the coast liaiiitraiid the ICel Kiver valley form the lirst wiml;;ap north of Iht^ niountaimms bairkbone of ('.i|it' Mendocino. The r.iin tall is much heavier than to the southward; for eleven years, 1803 to l^7;'•, it was measured at Kureka with the following; residt : , > * * E" Kiiln full (ilirlH'>. \m:\ IKM \m:< iMitl IIIB7 IH(W IKIW IKTll 1X71 IH7J 11173 AM'iimi' :iii :iu nil 47 4'.l ;iii '.'« :i;i Ill '.'.'i r.;; I's iir. Ill -' 1.-. Xl .'.;{ Muiitli. .Inly AiitfllKl S<-|tt« M.ll. h .Vpiil May .ruin* V.'iulv lIMMJli;.' luiiiniM (10 I '" I ■Jd ' 41 :l 4'J :i:i 2.1 M Tlie following,' account from Tebenkotf's description of the charts in his atlas published in 1^1-^. with accoinpanyin;; chart eontainin;; soumlin;;s and liny iil' Iiiili.tiiH, calloil 1 iiliMliiiMir 111 /.a 111 ill'. Ity llio ri)liiiiial . M,/i-Ms (iC llir lni I I'll Slali'H. Ill l.-^iiC) (Ihth was in it inn an Aiiiciiiaii yrsNcI). iiinlrr riiiniiiainl nl' \Vii'sclir|i. a mm- I'tti r iMily of Ali'Uliaiix. iiiiiIit tlin iliri'rtinii nl' .^^lalinli'liikiiir. « liirli was iiirl liy tin' liiiliaiis iiiiiiiirally. Tliis liay I- mil fully ili'siriliiMJ, lint il I.s knmvii lliat il. Is yrr.y lariji" ; .sihiu'wIm: ri'si'inlilrs I lit' I! ly nf San l''raiiiisri>, niily tlin I'lilriiiiii' lo it fnr yi'sscls nf laifji- class is mil rniiycnli'iil, ami w illi kIiiiii;; smillnvesl w iinls it is i-yi'ii iinpossllili' w itii :iii\ Mr.si'1. Till- ili'plli at 111!' fiitrancn is two sajlirn ^ I wclvn lii-t i, ami linn il liri'uks on tin- li.ii. lie [ilaced the south point id" the entrance in latitinle l(( "»."»'. I. loii^'itude 124 US'. it was named Ue/.anotV after the Uiissian ambassadov lo .lapaii in ISIM, wli'< lia i i • vi W M W- ;{;{(» l'A< IKIC C'lAsr I'IMiT. tli'ifli'il ill tlif lint' of tin' iiorlliwt'Ht wiinls, ami rciirli m-vciiIs I'fi't in clfvaliitii, whilsi lu-lijinl ili. , tilt' oaks anil sinucc s|iri>a ■'('Iioi'tnl til lie ('liis«'(l ill t'xci'ssivcly dry hcusoiis. TIu' licai'lirs air low timl samly, llii' iliiiii's i'Imum IViMii twi'iitv to sixt.N fi't'l, ami till' I'oi'i'.st niiiics witlnn t wo or ilnri' liiiiiiln-il ,\ari|s oC tlir Itr.irli, Tilt' lowiii'ss ot tlii'saiiil limit's, ami a Irw lioiist's on tin* iiorlli ami soiitli .siili'> ol' tin' livi'i, ind, catr its locality, llcliiml tlif sami iliiiit's to tin' soiill'waiil llii' lami is low ami iiiarsli\ , ami im. i .st'i'tt'il l>,\ sloii;;|is ami streams ; to tin* iiortliwanl tlio wooilnl lami toiu'lirs ihi' s.iml liill>aiHlK soliii'vv liat lil^'liiT. Till If art' two lagoons on llir north siilt' of tin' 1 1\ it; tlii'\ lii' jialalli'l w illi im Nlioi't' ami alioiit two Iniinlrt'il yartls iiiisiilt' of it. Tlif iit'airr oin- is tlm-i' l.nmliril \aiils fi il,. I'lviT, ami till' fartlii'i' out' milt'. I'm- livi' sixtlis of \\ milt' iiisiili' tlio iiiniitli, tin' foiirst> of ilif immt is from tin' soiitlirasi, Imt tlifii a sIkii'|i lirmi taki's plai'i'. Ilfi'i' a I'aiial, i'i;;lit linmliril ami tilty yanls Ion;:', fniiin'rts ilu' I'ivi'r with till' lii'a'l of tlir sloii;.'h foinin;j from lliiinliojili l'.a\ . alloriliii;: walfr I'oiiiiiiiinir.iiiuii tlH'i't'with, ami, liffoit' tin' iMiililiiiL; of tlif railroails, it was iitili/fil in iloatiii'-T saw loir.^ IVo III 111 Mail li'iM'i' \al1i'\ into tin' liay. All tlif iiiilicatioiis point to tin' ii\i'i' liaviii'„' foiim'iI,\ impt.il into lliimliolili liay at tins point. Mail liivt'r lisfs iilioiit ti^'lity iiiilfs to tlif soiithi'asi on tlif iiortlifin Hanks of Mount l.iim, wliifli oM'ilooks tlif Sarraint'iito vallfy. Thf town of Mail lliMT is sitiiatfil aliont si'M'ii oi ii_|,i mill's np till' liviT. Tliis ii\fr was i ot naiiii'tl liy r>oilf<;a. (St'f I.ittlf l!i\i'r.) Ibjihoiiritphii. — Olf.Mail h'ivrr thf ti'ii lathoin liiif of soiimlin;;'s runs parallil with tin' lir hIi ai.il a scant half inilf tlistaiit : the Uottoiii is tint' ;;ray saml. Tlif twt'iity-fathiiin line is two inlcs IVoiii slioii- to till' soiitliuanl. Init when iirarly alncast of tin- moiitii of tin- river it spieails mit i,i almost time miles, wiili liotioin ot' tine }:r,iy saml. The tliii'l\ t'athoin line is four miles I'idiii shmi, ami till' lioniiin eliaii;.'es to stiekv, ^reen iiiuil. The forty falhoin line is six miles olf .slinic. ii\, i soft iii'ow II iiiinl. The lil'tN lathoin line is se\ I'li ami a half miles; the one liuiulreil f.iihoin jiin i> t'leM'ii miles; ami the twD'hiimli'ed-fatliiiin line thirtcf n ami a half miles olV short', all over ii.ml, blown mini. lAltli' Tfiiiiihnl 1,'inr. — The low saiiily coast line continues live ami ii half miles farther nor wai'il ri'iiin tile month of Mail UImi', chaii^^in^' its ilireetioii to north by west, to the month ol' I Tiiiiiil.iil ItlM'r. The low water beach bet ween the two is t'i'oiii oiif hiimlri'il ami tweiils 11 three liiimlied yards w iilc. The sand diiiies are fioiii twenty to sixty teei hi;;li. and slreteh iiii i.i., two hiimlied to three hiiinlred yards to the basf of a steep rise, two hiiinlrid and lil'ty leet iu^li, and llaiikeil b\ iheiiliioiis trees ami piiie. Aloiit; the liiifs of thf small wale r-coiirst's aie di :im l'i.rc>ls; on the iii;,dicr lands arc prairies. The inoiiih ot Little Itiver is only ei;;hty fh'f yiiiils in width, but the valley throiiuh w lin i, r comes is ipiiie broad, and I'loiii seaward it ;;ivi's the im](ressioii of a lai^;i' stream. At low w.Urr there is oiih a narrow, fonlable channel to the sea. I'roiii T'inidad l.i;,dit the mouth bears >oiilli seventy one and a half ilfy;rcfs fjist (S. "M ' I'..) distant Iwoand one third miles. The soiiili p. n.i is formed by a low, narrow, sandy peninsula, seven hiindred \ari|s 1 oil; at th f north point the roekx, wimmIciI clilVs rniiiiin;^ liciiee to Trinidad Uay :iiid further iiorthwartl. At six hiiiiiluii \aids northwest from the mouth of the river the low watfr bc;ieli cuds. The, forests coviiiiiu t'lr clit 's are jiinc and redwood. This small stream is the Ii'io tie los Tortolas of lleceta and IJiidc^ta, who discovt'red it in ,1:; n , IT'i"!, from the summit of Triiiiibid Head. They say that at the tlislame of thieel'oiii th> I'l .i li'a;;ue to the southeast they saw a lar;;i' rix'er that emptied into the sea from lictwccn two iiimiiii ains. It w,'s ten \aras wide and two varus deep, but had a slialh Tlie\ followcil iiboiit a leaj,'i;e, saw liiille doves, etc., whence its name. 'I'liey had passeil Mad Hivfr wiiliuut mitiiii: it. .\s there is already out! .stream iianifd Little IJivcr, wf have added the name Triiiiil.el in dc>i;;nate this stream. Lillli li'ii-ir /.'lie/.. —This is a lii^li islet lyiii;; three liumlred and lifty yards olV tlie i.irivV shore three (|iiarteis of a mile west iiorlhwesl from the miuitli of Little Trinidad IJivei. .mil diit'ctly on the line therefrom to Trinidad Li;;litlioiise. It is about one hundred and fort\ ,\ ir'i> long, in)rtlie;ist ind .southwest, by ninety yards broad, and its hijjlii'Ht point is oiif liiindieii im! I'AciKic c (AST I'lr.or. .r.i liiiiil tl III!' iiiii : h >i', ami II i> iiif.s li-i.ii: till' lllMI ll, livi'i, iiiili , iiiiil iiiii'i hills aiKl IS li'l w illi I (Il- ls iVlPlll Ilir tlllMsl, lillt lllircis till' iniiniiMl Mill ;-. IVolll I 111' ■|\ iin|itiiii iiiiiit l.i 1 I'll or i'Il;IiI 1 tllf licirli is two null's I'cads mil III , I'kiiii slimr, .^llllll', li\i'| I llOIII iilH i> 1 (i\ ri' ImiiI, ftlici- null III III' I •iii\ li 'Irli illMiKi fc'i't llljl, ail' l!r!l~r l,i,'ll will 1. ' IllW W.llii licars >ii;iiii MlUlll |"'ll;l iniiil I" : ll !\ lllllni!"! DVi'iiii:; l!ii' _> I'n't aliovc tlii'Hcaj its sliort's air nin>,'fil ami Imlil. 'I'lirri' is sliallow wiitrr ami vi-ry (iiiil Mi'iitiii iiisjilo il, Willi li'ii III' lilti'cii I'oi'ks aliDVi' waltT lirturrri It ami llio slimr. Two lliiiils of (I . iiirK tl) lli<< siiiitlnM'st priijrcls into ;riMiil water, tlit>ri- lii-iii;; I'diii' fatliniiis iif watiT iiii its nil'- .sIjhii- siili'. Oiif Inimli'fil sarils to tin* iioitlnvrst of this iiK'k lirs a siiialliT rork, of tfii I'ct't I'li'valimi anil sixt,v ^arils I'xttiil, oiit.siili' tht' tlir<'i> I'alli lim- of siMiiiiliii)L;s. TRINIDAD HEAD AND BAY. Iiiiiiilail lli'ail lii's Ihiily ('i>,'lil iiiili's iiorlli oni' ili-j^rci' west (N. 1 ' \V.) fniiii Cain' Mi'iiiloniio, ,iiii| M'M'iili'rii iiiiirs mti'tli IIIII' ami a halt' ili';;ri'«'s wi'sl (N. lA ' W.) I'loiii tlu' VN'liisiliii;; limty oil' ilii lliiiiiliiililt Itar. Till' low siimlv licarli t'roiii < 'i'iii!'t'\ illr niiitiiiiii's to Litlli- Tiiiiiilail Itlvrr uiiiiiii l\M) anil out* thiril tiiili's of tlir Iji'iiil. Thi'ir tin- roast lim' rliaiiKi's its rliaiai'li'f, ami we li.iM' a^'iiin till- liohl, lilat^k, rocky elilVs, iIiiiImti'iI Id tlirir ril;;i', ami ^.'iiaiilt'il li\ many nirks ami Itliiii the Itav itself. I'''i'iim a reasoiialile ilistaiiee Triiiiiliiil lleail is a imtalile liir ,\ l>li'ts, e\el! W rratiiii' nil lhi''4 l>art of the coast ; il is al unit seven liiimli'cil \ a tils in extent, m nth west ami sun III- i'.i.>i. I>y a'loiit (ivo hiimlrctl yanls iioitheast ami southwest, ami three Inimlieil ami eighty feet liiLili: from a vessel close inshore, either noitli or south of it, it shows as a ilark, Kiiiml topped isliiml iiiMii'il with chaparral. It has very sleep, rocky siiles, anil the ilcpth of water duse under its Miiiilnin hase is ei;,dil fatlionis. Olf the nortliwestern race lie two lar;;e, rocky islets, named OIl'Triiiidad Kock and I'daiik KmU, elsewheiv descrilieil. The north part of the Head is coniiected with the niainland liy a low, li.miiu peninsula, and project in j,' from the southeast side of this neck is l.ittiv llmil, which is a Kiiiiii I hnndrcd and tweiilv live feet hi;;h, covered with trees, and stretchiii'' one hiindred and tiii\ \ aids into the lias. ■file liiiii or tiiiiilsl((iil of Triitiiliiil, lyiti;,' to tl e east and southeast of tlit^ Mead, is i|uite eon- tiiirtril, lint has deep water and re;;ular liottiiiii, with no hidden diiii;;ei's in the approaches fioiii till' "iiiilheast throii}ih the south to the west liy south; it forms a ;;ood and safe suininer anchoraj;;!'. II ilir extent of the Itay lie considered lo he north of a line iiinnin;,' east liy north from the south |Minit III' the Mead, the distance from the Head to the four faliiom liiieolV the easleni shore w ill lie iliii r inarleis o!' a mile; and from that easterly line to tli>' I hree latliuin lineal the deepest part III ihi' lii;:lit northward, a littlt- over one iiiiarter of a mile, liiit the shore-line is nearly half a mile iHi|ili« aril. The east side of the Head is rounding', liiit its general diieetion is west of north. It has deep uiiii I rinse n|i to the wharf, which is linilt under luid around the steep clill's on the northeasl side ,iiiil u.is kiiiiwn as llooiier's Wharf. The north shore of the lia.\ has a low-water lieaclihalfa mile liiii;^ miller steep lilulVs; thence eastward the shore is very rocky, the elilVs lii'in;^ about three liiiinlii'l t'i'i'l liij;li,and coxered with larf;i' forest trees as far as Little Trinidad Itiver. The town, rniiin'il.N the point of supplies for the mines in the interior, fronts on the north part of the road- >ir,iil over the moderately hi^jli lilulV. The lioat lamlinj;; was on the north side of the round knoll iii.ilviii;; out alioiil one hundred and twenty yaids from the southeast side of the low neid; and now kmm II as the •• Little Mead." Ill the liay lie eijiht or ten small r-icky islets, moderately lii^li and j;eneially with j;ood water .11 1 111 I II I tlii'in. l''i)urof them lii- outside the tiiree tat horn line. In the a|i|iroachi's lie several larjfcr \i\-' islet.-' UdCKV ISl.KTS IN Tin; Al'l'KDACUKS To TIIK 1!AV. 1 il ili.l . 11. iiilltli-- - -i two lll"':lil lowed i: '^1' IT willMilll Triniib'! in V the y."-w\ ]{ivi'l. IMil fiirt.\ \ iril> umlivil nil! rHiil 1,'oik. — This rocky islet lies half a mile soiiili of the Head. It is a conical, whitish rock iiiiii-l\ N.irds i'l extent and rising; one hiimlred and three feet alioM' the, sea. I'> hi;tliest point lie: li.ill ihi' I mile (ten liundrcd and lifty ,\ards) south thirteen and a half ilej;rei's east 'S. l.'IA^ 1-^.) I'loin l.i„dil-hiiuse. There is ei;;'ht or nine fathoms of water over a uniform liottoin of tine y:ray sand t'li'-i' aioiiml it, .so that vessels need have no fear of hidden ilanj;eis in approachiii;,' it. It is a line I'lii'liii.iik for the harlior. The depth of water lietween it and the Head decreases from i'i};ht and iliirc ijiiarters fathoms to seven and oiie-ipiarter fathoms over sand.N liottoiii. /.'/((/i/i- liock. — This rocky islet lies nearly one third of a mile otV the western side of the ITead mill marks the outer limit of many shoal patches. It is nearly seventy yards in extent ;inil rises "111' liiimlreil feet aliove the sea. with steep sides. Its hi};liest point is near the western side, and iisi'xact jiosition i.s oij,'ht hundred aud liity yard.s north eighty-three dejjree.s west (N. >s;P W.) li ;32 PACIFIC COAST PILOT. from till' Lijjlitliouso. TIu'iv is f;-oo(l wator, six to iiiiii' liitliiims, close iirouml it, but rocky ., ! foul bottom to tlic north anil also ball' way towards Trinidad Head. A small nxl: mnisli lies , liundnMl and ninety yards southeast (SI''..), or in the dii'cetion ol' l^ilot K'ock, from Itlauk Kk and ii nuiil.iii rock, with lil'leen ;ect of walcr upon it, lies ninety yards from the rock awash in in direction of I'ilot Hi>"k. ••;• two hundred and eijjhty yards from IMank Itocl; and on the ranur.it the wt'stern edji'cs of IJIank IJoek and OlfTrinidad Itock. Onetliird of c tlistan>c fiom l'.l.i:;l> li'ock to OlfTrinidad IJoek. there is a low. black rock, thirty or forty yards in extent, with i ;il ;,'rouud ami reef stretchinj; east northeast fioni it ; and lit'ty yartls -onthwest fnu', this lowi...!, lie^; a xck tiirash, with four and a half fathoms close outside of it. No vessel Ahonld ;;ii insid. i,r r.lank l.'ock. Otl T)iiii'. t>7 ' W.'l In mm tiic l.iuht house, It is two hiiudn'd .ind lifly \ .i;K lonn Ol I the sanu' bearing, and one hnndrcil am' tliirlv \ards\\idc; the two heads are c; icli al ei{;lity I'ccI abci\ c tlu' sea. It has bold water, with loul botiiimamnnd it. Tin' deeper walcr i- 'ii the northwest, west, and south laces; eiy;lit to nine fathoms arc found I'io.se ti> the southeast pc. ni, •iiid c','\ en to twelve fathcuus two hundred ami lorl \ yards nlV the southwest faec. Vnnii the c ~i face stretches very broken ;:i(>iiml uu>re I ha a iialf wax ti".vards Trinidad Head. Half a mIK' tn i ih muthwcst ward of thi> rocky i>let, and maily on the proloii;,;ation from lllank Itock, Iheit > ,i P'.ilch of fold .urcuind '\cial breaks and one small rock awash .it lii;;li water, and :l Mll.i:il I (Hie awash at low water. .\ break is also reported three hundred yards oil' the southwest I,. south fifl\ nine dcuri'cs west (."s. ."I'.i \V ) from (he hiirin'st part. In that position the sontli p : • of Trinidad Head would be open to the north side i> Ulaiik Ifotk, one third the width of the lai:. i. No v.'.sscl should uo inside ol' tins islet. In approaching the roadstead fioiii the noithwest, the line of safely is to keep to the sniiili ward of the lanue of I'dank Itock, on with t he southern ed'^e ol'Tiinidad Head niitil ncail\ ii|> with lihiiii; Itock. when the daii;;ers Just to the >oiiihcastwaid of it must be avoideil. ]nsi
  • . roadstead we have the following; rocky islets ami rocks above walcr: PrisinK IS It'txli. — This consists really of i wo locks tuily ten yards ajiarl and coveiiiij: an aie i n| about sevcntx by sixty \ aid.--, but ;:eiieiaiiy seen as(Uie rocky islet. The lar;;er is sev«'nt\ y aiil> ii.;i: by forty > arils w ide, and the hii;hest point is sixty feet above the sea. It lies north lil'ty live dc-i. ■ s east (N. .■>.") " !•;.) fioiu the south tan;,'ent of Trinidad Head, and two hundicd and twenty vmU from the castein shore of the hoatl. It lies one hundred xards iiiutli of the eastern line ol \ ^; bilit.v of the Trinidad I.ijilit. Six and seven fathoms of water are loiiiid close up to these lo. !> -. The sniallei' rock lies under the southeast face of the laijjer and has a dciith of lliirteeu I'cc! nl water close uiid''i its northeast end. These two roclis seen from the southward resemble an animal lyiii;; down with its head m t" the wcs;. i'ltil /I'lii/, is only lifleeii bv thirty yards in extent and i|iiile low. It lies three hundred \ ll.i^ from riisiincis Itnrk mi the line of the south |iait of the Itoek and south |ioiiil of the llead. Il bears ncilh liH.v sev in deques cast (N.."i7 !•;. i Ihhm the south piiiil of the Head and is di-i.iiii theielMMi ciulit hiiiidrcd yaids; fnun the e.istcriimost face of the Head il is distant .'Ux huiiilinl yards. .\ r^iniLm rml; with only live feet ol' w.itcr upon it lies one hundred and lil'ty yards Miilh I'ortv ile::l ei'S I a>I (S. 10 !•:. I liiiin flat It Il li.is six tathoms of water iiiiiacdiateix ainiii Il i> iiieiiiioned under the held ot' Dangers. Tliiee hiindrcil vaidscasi iiorlheast i I'.N l'..| from I'l.il Itock III > llie outer one iil lour seatleri'd ks. Tills are inside the three fathom line and not over two hundred vaids t'mm shore. A ■\'' >.<■; .'■()('/.. ri'fericd to under I )anucis. is laid down one liuiidred and sixt\ live \arils noilliea-.l 'I from I'iat Itoel,. I liere is a depth of three ano t!irce ipiai tcis fathoms immedialely aioiiin; Ni^ loeaiil.v . Ihinhli lliiiil /I'dcA-. — This is a moderately low, rocky islel. about seventy yards loii.u norti >i'~' an I soiiili'iist :iiii| liiirty yards across, The. SMut'ieiu point lies three ipiaitcrs of a niiic ^il' ci;;hlytwo de;;rei's cast (N. ,S2 ^ K.) Iron, the l.i^hl house and oiielilth of a mile broad oil III.' i.eii. Il has foiiriei'ii fathoms 111' water imiiiedi;!;;!, around it. with the sunken '-two feet rock " h. .i il, and incntioiii'd under Haii;;ers. There are numerous rocks ami rocky islels under tin northeast sliiue within the Ihiei' i 'in'iii curve, and several other rocks above walcr lie In the northeiu part of the bay i.earl.v thn-. Imn died yardH from shore, Inil inside the liiree failiniii curve, and are ^.'ood marks for Ihal depi'. I'ACIKIC COAST PILOT 33.'{ rocky ;i:iil sli lies I'lii' uik ItiM ;. : asli ill i:ii' (' ranui' "I Voiii r.l.u:k , with I .111 S 1(I\V \"il ;o iiisiiii ..i IS ul' :i ihilf liltv \.ii'U (Mi'li ali'.ii! walcr i- "ii lifiisl |Hi,i,:, Dill till' 1 1^1 I mile ti> ilii' li, llicic :- .1 1(1 a snialii'i liufst |. :., sii'llll |i.'::il il' III.' laf. 1. I> tllf Slllltll- il iicail.v H|' llci: li; all an i .il _\ \aiii.-- li'ii.: Ii\ (' (l('^;lr"'S ■nt_v NanJN liiii' ol' V >i IllfSr lo I, . itlTII 111' "! Iicatl Ml: I" nilrcil \ ■! > !• 11. 'ail. Il II! is (ii-i,iiii six Imihiii'l y.inl- s"ii!'i l\ aii'iiii ! I'. .) (Villi I il' IIS 111' \\.ilrl . .. .\. .'■■!.,■: Iicast ^1 aniiiiii' 'II- llltiti Al-l 1 mill' '■■il' rr 111. .i' i„l, ■" ii. ,1 ii. Ililff I I'lii'ii' i\ tinv I'li'i It ili'pi; ntnifirrs. — TIutc mo ii few siinkt'ii rocks in tlio l»ay, and .i ^'iciit many lie in the iiortlnvi'sl. .n.|ii(ia(ln'.'* lo it, most of tlu'in, liowt'vor, iiisido «»l" tlio lino «)f vi.silde rock.s. Tlu'sc (lan;,'i'is arc a.s I'ull'.iws : /7« livij'ed rock in the eastern part of the bay li<'s ninety yards liorth of the limit of »'ast vi-^iliilily of the kii;'ht and north sixty-live dejireeseast (N. 0," ' K.) half a mile from the south point ,,r ;lii' Head. It has six fathoms of water close around it. It is marked by the Flat Kock, lyinjjr (III. Iiiiiiilicd and thirty yards north forty dejjrees west (N. W° \V.) from it. .1 M()(/,(ii (((('A- is laid down one hundred and sixtylivt^ yards northeast (N'l^) from l"Mat Rock, Imi III) lit'plli is ;;iven upon it and thr«'e and three (|uarter8 fathoms ar(> found clusc aroiind it. rill Sinn fret (<'(/. lies two hundred and ten yards broad olf the end of Hooper's Wliaif. It is din liuiidrcd and lifty five yards immIIi twenty seven de};rees west {N. L'T ^ W.) from the hijihest |i.ii I .'t Prisoners Uock, and three iiiindri'd and eighty yards north thirty-fourde^recscast (\..iP l*^.) I',. ill ilic southeast point of the Head. 1 siinl.in »•"(■/.• with live feet of water upon it was found only one hundred yards otV Hoojier's Wli.iil. about northeast by east (SI), by K.) from the inner end, and on !l:(> raiiue of the eastern shi'ir ill' the Head and I'ilot !{ock. Many vessels must nave almost j;iazi'(l this ilanucr before tim ilii I'lil livilro;;rapliie survey, wlu'ii it was discovered. Tlu're is a depth of seventeen and eij;'liteen II ( I i.i water around it. iiir tiro flit roil; has only ohe and a half feet of water upon it. It lies one liiindred and lifty y;iiii^ sdiitlieast by east (SIv by !■'.) from tlie low Double Head Uoek alreaily described, and has li\i iiiil a ipiarter fathoms of water close around i!. It lies four liiinilred and sixty yards from ilii . .iv|(.i.|i shore of the bay. ///. foil)- fiithom lohii has three and three (|uaricrs fathoms of water upon it, with deep water i'lo-.i' around it. It is mi the raii};(> of the Little Head and the i'i<;lit taii^^eiit of Prisoners Koek anil lime Imiidred and sex-nty ti\e yards from the latter. I'lnm the l.ij;lit lioii.se it bears north i.|;;lii\ 'lie ile^^iees east (N. .S'.l K.) distant eiuht liiiiidred and sc\eiil\ yards. It has seven I'l' sill' water close to its south, ea.st, and west sid«'s, and live and three (jiiailcrs fathoms of w.ih r nil the lioilll side, deepening; lo se\t'n fathoms. Ill thi- iiiijiiiiui lifs III till liiiji lie 'lie follow iiij; danjiers: I'lru riiihs inrush. — On the ranj;e of the liij^hcst point of Oft' Trinidad Hock and the Iveiiteeii fathoms over hill' uray sand at two hiindreii yards outside. Inside (if these rocks, to the U'lrllicast and eastward, lieseveral other rocksawash and sunken lori,,-.. ,1 liiiiil.- lies three liiindrcd ,\ards south if the lar;;er of the forcjioiii};; rocks awash. It is very iii'iils west one third iiorlli (\V. ', N.) from the hi;;hest part of ( >IV Trinidad Hock. I'liuii tiii^ l.i.'lii lidiise il bears noiili se\ ciitylive def;rees west (N. 7."> W.), distant one and one tenth miles. A ! ir III iliiiieenl'alhoiii soiindiiif;s over irrcfjiilar rocky bottom crosses this assijiiicd locality. //,' tniiil: two Immlrcd and tifty yards south southwest from the west ciidol OlVrrinidad l! 11(11 I'cfeired to in the description of that rock. It breaks ot'lcii with the ordinary swell :iiul liiu Haler. The bottom is very foul and ii regular in this vicinity, and the li\ ilrojiraphic survey ..: u > .1 Ii\<' and a ipiarler fathmii sniiinlin;; at three hundred and twenty yards from the jioiiit on iiiM:i\ ilie same bearin,ir, with cle\eii falhoiiis around it. I ////(iy|./'( W )«i /■ lit s SIX hundred and tilly yards south • ,lity two dcj^rces west (S. Sl'MN iiniii llie l,ij:lit house, and niiiely yaids trdin it m the direetiou of lUaiik Hock lies a rock awash; lid h di ihi'se Were desci'ilied under the head of lilaiiU Koek. I be tifleenl'cel rock lies on tli(> line III ;i:e West taii;;ent of lllaiik llnck and OlVTiiiiidail I.'ik 1;. Two other points of six and three- i|'in!eis and live and mie (jiiaiicr fathnms are toi:iid southeast from it, the latter t w o hundred iiikI ldit\ Naiils distant and nearly on the line to Pilot Hock, but the boltoiii is generally smooth. Tlieie is a six and a (|iiartcr fathom shoal spot, with iock\ bottom, ime and one-liflh miles Mniili fiiiir de;;H'e,s west (S. I W.) fnmi the l,ij:lit house, l-'roiii this s|iot the w»'st tanjicnt of Pilot LiM K is in laiiiTe w itii the «'ast tan;;eiit of the laiy;er Prisoners Pock, and il is distant threc-ei^ihths 111 mile Iriiiii Pilot Kock. The cxti'iit of the palch within the ten fathom line is a loiit one hiiii- il'.'i mil (illy ,\ards sipiarc; outside of it the .soundings are very regular at eleveu ami a half I'.iilKims. This is a guud llsUing iiUuul. m a ft., i • 'I' ! iM i:| 334 I'ACiru; COAST I'll.OT. SAILING DIUKCriONS. Tho appriinrhrs to *he hay i\ro free from (lan^'crs tVoiii tlic soiitlioast to wost-sontlnvost, :iim1 vessels can work up closo iiiidcr tlu> «'asliMH slioro it' tlic.v keep oiitsiilc tlif line «'(»m\C(!tiii}j; all iiir visildf rocks and rocky islets bonlerinj,' tlie shore. Coiniii;; from the west and northwest, a ve>>i 1 passin;; hall' a mile sonth of the Ott'Trinidad Kock can run on a southeast (SIv) course until tlir south point of the Head bears east northeast (I'lNlv) ; then run as close around the Head as r.lii' can carry the wind, and, passing )etween it and Prisoners IJock, I'orereach the inoorin^rhnovs, Ii the vessel is to an<'lior»'lose in, the best anchorajji' is in sevt>n fathoms of water over mudd\ ln,i tom on the line between the soiitli point of the Head ami Prisoners Ifock ami halfway betwcru them. In this position Hooper's Wharf is opened, and the south point of the Head bears siniili west by west half west (S\V. by W. A W.). A Vessel coming,' t'loin the south and wishinj: to be not closer than a iiuarler of a mile nil the Ht>ad ami rocks, shoidd beat boldly in past Pilot \U)sels do not lie at the wharf on the eastern side of the Head on account of the .swell hihI undertow: but they are moored bowout a few yards from it, and the lurrdier is loweied to ih, 1 decks by a d"rrick on the wharf. In the northeast part of the bay there are a saw-mill and a cliuir wheiu'e the liimiier is taken on lij;liters to vessels at the moorin},'s. Tulis lit I'l-iiiiiliiil /v///— The Corrected P'stablishment, or mean interval between the tii I' the moon's transit and the lime ot' hi;^h water, is \ \'' L'T". The mean rise and fall of tides is tour :iiiii si\ teiiliis tcet : of spriiij; tides li\e aiid se\eiiteiiths feet ; and of neap titles three and ti\ e leii'h- feet. Tiie mean duration of the llood is tl'' Itl'", ami of the ebb ti'' Oil'", reckoning; from the midiil' ol «'aeh stand; the mean diiratiim of the stand isO'' ."iS" , The iveraj,'e dill'ereiice between thecoiict 1. d establislinieiiis ot'tlie a. m. and (i. m. tides of the same day isl'tlT" tor the hi;;h w airis, iiml (I'' -IT'" for the low waters. The dilleiences when the moon's ' ninl ti' o7"' lespectiv (iy. The a\ ci a;:i' tlillei iiice in hei;;lit of thesi' two tides is one and four ll■lllh^ teel for the liij;li waters, and two and three ten I lis feet for the low waters. When the niooii'sdei I na t ion is greatest, theM- dillei ciices are respec tixfly t wo and one-half feet and three and ei;;lil l(iiili> feet, rile a\ era;.'e ililVereiice of the hi;.;iH r hi'^li and lower low waters of the same day is sl\ ;iiiil se\eii teiulis tert, and when the moon's dteliiiat ioii is greatest, eijiht and three tenths feet. Tlir liii;lier lii;,'ii tide of the twciiix t.iiir hniiis occurs abniil 10'' -17" after the moon's upper tr.in-ii will II I Ml declination is iioi ih, ami 1' .is bctbie when her declination is south. The huer ol ihr low waters occurs about 7' OO" allcr the lii;:her of the hi^li waters. The greatest obserxed dilhi I'lice between the hi;,diest liij;h wiiler and lowest low water was nine and one half feel. To liiid tiie time a,ld height of miin tide tliron;,dloul the .\ear consult the Pacilie ( oasl 'lull' Tal.les issued aiiiiuall\ liy the I'.S. Coast and (Jeodetie ,Sui \ey. I'or the reipiiied il.ile 1 ikc the I lines and hei;:lits for .\stoi ia, and tVoiii the ^i\en t iine of lii;;li water subtract 1' os .junl from the liei;:lit siibiiaci one and si\-tentlis feet; from the ;^i\en time of low water siihini P' .'{.".'", and fioiii the heiuhl sntitiact one tciilh of a foot. The l,\ pe prcnliai ities of the Pacilii' ( 'oast tales were lirst obseivt'd at this port in .III lie. I ."•■ by !!, i-eta and llodej.;a. TiiiNiDAii in; Ml i.Kiiii ti(H .si;. This is a )iiiinary sea I'oast Li;:lit. 'I'he liuildiiii.'s Ibr the Liyht are located '!.> il illiiiiiinajcs the entire hori/.on, but, as tlio hi<;li {jrtiiind of the Head cuts oil" part of tho li.iD/iiii, lilt' arc of \isjliiiity over tht^ walei' is two hiintlreil and ftinrteen anil a hall' ile^rees, .xiciniiii.i: from nortiiwest by north (NNV. by N.) loiinil by west, south, antl ea>t to east by north on. iij:iiiii iicpitli (I'.. Iiy N. i N.). Tliis inelntles OtV-Trinitlad Jfoek and tlu^ reel' to the northwest III il jimI i)iiiibli' lii'ail li'iick iitV liie eastern slioi'e of tjie harbor. Tlif I'dcm! iiiaiieof tlie lens is elevated tine hiintlred and ninety-eight I'eet above the mean level 111' I ill' sc.i, and the light shoultl lie, visible, under I'avorab'j t:ontIitit>ns of thtt weather, from a lii'i,i;lit of— 111 (iMt ill ;i ilist.iiiri' 111' I'.l.-' mill's. 'Jil IVrt lit il iliHliinri' of "il.:! mill's. Itli frrt ill il iliNtiiiii r 'J'.'.."i mill's i;ii li-rl ill il ilistiinri' lit' ','.'1.1 mill's. 'fill' liglitliousc keeper's tl'velling is ii two-story wooden liiiiltling, painted white. It is situated ;iliiiiil lil'ly yards to the nortlieasf ol'tlie tower and abciit lui the same level. The usiml oiithoii.ses iiir II till' rear of llif thvelliiig. Till' jjeogiaphieal iiosition of the Liglit-hoii.se, as ileterminetl by thts L. S. (Joast and (ieodetio .Sun I \ . is : l.iitiliiili" 11 ii:t' 01" iiortli. l,iili;;ilMili' I',M ii'.i (i:i' Wl'st. 1 ir, ill tiiiii' HI' ICi'" iD'.'J. 1 ill' iiia;;iielie variation for .lamniry. ISiSn, was LS^ ;$!," east, wilh a yeaily increase of I'.l. r'liiiii llie light-house we give the following bearings antl tlistances to jirominent object.s: t'ii|ir Mi'iiiliK'iiiu l.i^lii liiiiisi' mill iiitrrvlsililr) .Smilli. IWj miloH. lUiiiirft Hi'i'l. •itV ('ii|ii' MiiiiliMini) .S. I' W. ;!1H miles. Wliislliiijir-I y (ilV liliiiu'.s i.'.if S. ,". W. li'.IJ mill's. IliimlHillt l.inlitliDiisi' S, - 1;. I7i mill's. iliimliiilill Wliislliiijj-limiy, ill III fiilliiiiiis S. U K. lT',iMili'». Cii'si'i'iit City l.iijlit liiiiiso (nut iiiti r\ isililr) N. 'JU \V. ■I'Ji mill's. SI. (!i'iir;;r's l.'ii'f. inniiDsi'il liKlit-liiiiisr" (nut iiili'i-N isilili'l \ :iil W. 'l-l inlli'H. Ciipii Oil'oiil l-iiilit-liiinsi' (tint intrlvisllilr).. N '-'" \V. |ii'-4 Inili'it. I'n\ li'iu'lv, nil' llic Url'oiil l.'ii'i' uiiil inl'ivisilili") N. oil \V. ;ii:.i milrs. Tins li;;lit was tiriginally established as a revolving r ighl and was tirst exhibileil Decen.ber I. b:i. I'lii'ic is no fiig-sigiial at this light-station. 'fill' scniinlai'N astroiiomii'iil stalion of the ('oast Survey in 1S.">;> vv;i "ii the neck. just nj) Voni I'lic liMiii I, Hilling, lis geographical position is: l.iiiilnili' 11 11;; 'Jd .11 nnrlli. l."ii;;ilnil.' I'JI OS' \U' «,.„t. I Pi, in liini' >'' 111'" ;!:iMI. Till' toirn "/ Tiitiiddil lias greatly impio\ t'd. The lumber interest is very great ainl igi'iinltiire li;i>wi\ largely ile\ ilopeil. Tiie soil is rich and winter liiiiis are aliini'laiit. The iiilwnuil trees 111 till' Miiniiy grow to an eiioi iiioiis size. The stiiiiiji of one we measiired in l.S.Vi \mis about i"iiii\ lii'i 111 ilianieter, and a dozen trees staiitling in the \icinity averaged over ten tiil 'fhe tin ■, .^iiiw uidi pertectly straight liiinl^s, retain their thickness to a great height, be^in ' ueh Il liiiv 'n line liiiinlied feet, anil l'rei|neiitly attain two hnnilrcd and tifty feet in leugib •• \'.\ I'ncitoile la Trinidad" was ilweovered .liiiie 10, I77."». by Heceta and lliidega. w lio aiiclnired tin Ir III veveii fathoms oxer coarse sand and spent nine days in surxt'ying it. placing it in hititutle Il II. . They niaile a good plan of the bax.aiitl ascended the jiitule los Tortolas or Pigeon Itiver, II"" ' illiil the Little Triniilatl lliver, for one league. On the Slli of J une, before making the liinl. Alien i\\ent\ live miles north of Tiiiiidail and thirty miles otV the etiast, they fountl that a 'Till' mil lliwi'suiiimiisl lurk 111' llm Cii'si'i'iit I'ily lii'tl'. . !l 330 PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. iiini'iit to tlio soutli li:!'l cairk'tl llii'iii twt'iit.v iiiiu' miles .soutli of tlicir i!al<'tiliittMl jmsitioii in . , .sa«'Nsi()ii'' of tlic I'oiiiitrv ami fji'^'' ''" l>i>rt its prcsiMit iiaiiic. Ilcn^ tlicy liarttTt'tl aii liailly iim'Ii- kiiivos of iron that st'i'inetl to bo jiiocos cut from old sal>r*'s wliicli llicy liail ohtaiiicd from i , iiortliwani ; one was markeil with an (L). They fonnil three hnntlred Indians of lioth sexes. It was visited in .May, IT'.K!, In Vaneouver, who .says (\'ol. M, |ia;;e '2\'t): 111 an rxciirsiiin made li.v Mr. Mi'ii/ii'.s lo tlio lull iimiiMiHiiif; tin' ]iro.ji'iliii); In adlainl llial fciniis tin' iiiirlliw ,i .siilo 111' till' lia.v, 111' founil, ,ij;ri'ralil.v with Sifnvr Maiurlli's ilrKiripliKii. Ilin ( wiinilriO rinss wliirli tlir Span Ian li !; i.| rrictril nil tlii'ir takiiij; iio-wi'ssiiiii nf tlii< iiiirl ; anil tliini;;li II was In a crilain Hiato iif ili'rav, it. ailinitliil m ■ ^ cniiyin^ till' t'lillinvin;; Insiiiiitiiin : " ('ariilim III. I)i'i (!. lljupanianini K'l'X." Vaneouver placed it in latitude II ' (tl' north. (Vol. 1, iiay;e LMIO.) The Indian iii"ne of tlie bay is Slio' ran. In the charts of the riiiled States I'^.xplorin;; Kxpedition, IS4I, the indentation of tliecniM Iti'tween Mendocino ami Trinidad was called " Hay of Trinitlad;" tins included llnnihohlt \\:\\ .1-. jiart of the liijiht. A |irclimiiiar\ chait id' the hay was puhlishid by the 'oast Survey in Isol, and in Is;;, ,, careful hyiiiiij;raphii' sui'xcv wa.-- completed of the bay and its approaches from the muiji ;i!,| south. Till lii/dniiiiiiiiliii ill till- iipjtrniiilKs to Triniihul Hni/. — I'^roin tlu' southward up to abre:i^: ..| Mad Kiver tin- teiit'atlioin liii(> of soumliii}:'s is found alioiit one mile from shore: thciiii' it jrradnally leaves the shore to two miles abreast the Little Trinidad Hi ver, where the (iveliiilinin lim<, over line };ray saml and mica, is within thr> e (jiiarters of a mile of the shore, and the lo\\ walir licaih is three hundred yards brnad. Abii'ast of Trinidad Ilcail the ten Ihthom line of soundin^^s is nearly half a ini!;- b'op. vimir over a bottom of line f,'ray sand, with rock in some jilaces ; tlio twcnty-fatiioin line is t wo ;•.., ; ,1 (piarier miles disiani, over line j;ray sand, shells, and mica; and the I hirt,\- fathom line is i.iiir miles nut, iiM'i' bottom of line ^^lay sand, an.! sometimes mica. Outside of thirty fatlioms iln' bottom ehaii^'is to line ^nay sand and nintl, and the fortyllxi- fathiun sonmlin;;s li\e ami a h .li miles out are over soft .uii'cn mud. The one hundred fathom line is nine and oni' third milc^ dl shine, with the bntloni hard Inovvn mud. The I wohiindred lathoni line is twelve lades oiil ain! appears to approach the coast to the northward ; the bottom is hard brown mud. DKKP SKA sorNniNos. On the '_'Slh and L'iMh of October, I.sTl. a line of deep sen sonniliiiKS was run by the I >. sleaiiur 'I'lisninirn to the westward of irinidad Head to the deep plaieau of the I'acili", nl thence a short line [larallel with the coast. They are as I'oIIonvs: linn, TniniUl I.i-M. '■■"""■^' l""tili"l' ,i.,lh..m.l. ,Ki",,n nli.lt i. I'lilllilr', r nf (inllnni. .)/.(.< H S. Tiii W 1,1 S, .-.Ti W ail S 01 W 'J9 S 111! W . 411 S. IW W r."i 8. 11:14 w f.7 K. 71 W 111:1 S IH W 135 S. IW W i:;r. s::i w 1:17 s. 77 w. i.'ii 127 144 in S. 82 W S. It) w s. fUj w" H. 82» W s. h;ij W 41 S. C.4 W II I'l IL'4 111 i>i: 11; ; '.'111 N^'liillMli rliiy, iMi/f. tliii. Hitlut. II III) III IL'l r.'4 :i.'i 1- IHlll 41 X.. 1^ I>... 41 ii2 )'-•:. "4 1 , M-pi: 34.7 Dm. 41 11:1 j-.r, li'i 1 l!!l- Do. 41 11:1 ..,- :l^ 1 I'ltil'l Willi ttli rlilV iKrnit4|i t'tiiy ttu/.f. III 51 c'» 1..VJI liri'viiiHh 1 lii\ Htitt no/<> iiinl |»iir(ii li'M hI' rtiiixl. 41 "7 1.'7 III 1. 1'I'.i ('lav (Mt/i-. 41 ICi '■-'" IJ l,,i:,il ralriiri'iiiiH H.iii(t \vitli lii 35.1 i*la\ IHI/.I'. 41 :iii 11.'7 II IHKl 34. U Koi k, |iai'li<)<-H of M;i< k h;iim!. 41 :iK IL'II 11:1 1,707 Huiw '1 iiii/i> 41 .•.4 I'.'H .'ill 1, HI 1.1 34.2 Vi'Ih w liriiwii m«f. IIHIIV lllililc piiiiiards Ii.kI inilli'il III' U\t I'Ach'k; coast imi.ot. 337 'I'licsr smiiMliiifrs iiliii'ily sliow lluit tlic (Iccp ))liiti'iiii of tlic racific in not, so cloao to tlio slioro ilV ihis part ol' tlio t-oast a.s it is to tlio soiitliwanl of ( aiic .'Mt'iidotMiio. UOCKV I'OINT. ic ('(lasllint' iiimiiiii;' live and a lialC miles noitli fwiMityt wo (lejircos west (N. 2L'"' AV.) t'r om 'I'liiihiail lleail to Kocl^y I'oiiit, is rocky, witli nioilcratfiy liij;li dills, risiiij^- one liunilrt'il and twenty li, ! Iiove llie sea, and lior(;''.«(l liy },'ieat ininiliers of rocks and small rocky islets, mostly within li.iii .1 mile from tlie shore, alllion^'li three of tlu'Mi are a mile ont, and hidden dan^rers lie nearly ;i> 111' fruMi shore. The snmmil of the elilVs is covered with forests of redwood sparsely Iringeil wiih iiak and sernU |)ine to the ed^c Kiicky Point is niMrly half a mile hroad, north and south, with a sli;iriclics on th(( mnth shore. The }fcn(-ral snit'ace of the |i(iinl is iihont two hninli'ed and thirty I'cct ahove the sea, and is co\cred with oak and scrnlt pine lor ha! a mile liiu'k to tin' j^rcat red- wddil liiicst. Altove and tliion;.'h this oak forest rise twi> hare rocky ]>oints or pintnn-les; tlio one uiili;ii two hnndrcil and twenty yards of tlie shore is two linnilrcd ami til'tx' feet, and tln^ inner dill' I-; 1 uii III inilred and seventv feet hi'di. I iiicc ijnarlers of a mile from Tiiiiidad Head. aloii,u the coast towards llocky Point, there is a >.iiiall iiiiinded jioint projecti"t;' somewhat from the general trend of the shore and lea\ inu a cove, liclwci'll it and the Head. It is full of visilile n ind hiilden danuers. Two and threeoiiarters mill's iioi ill wf'st ward from the Ileail there is a narrow , sharp point, locally known as Scolty's I'oint. lti.!l-.'i.'!.'!.) tliiee dcuieis west (N. I.'i ' W.) Iroiii Trinidad I.i;:lit- limisc, I III I nearly half a mile shore ward of the line of \ isihility ol' the I.ijihI. Sound inus are not laid iliiwii mar it. Many small visible rocks lie inshore. The t weiil> •tathom line of sinindinj;s lies I!rail\ I wo miles broad olV shore abreast of « il'ieli liiicK. .1 1,'iitk iiiriisli :i\ liiyli water lies south seveiilv li\e dei:rees west (S. T.l' \\.), distant seven liiiU'liid yards from (Jieeii Pod;. I'roin the l.i^iht lionse it bears north liftytlii'ce dej;i'ees west (N. ."i.l \V.), Ininilreil and lifty yaids shoreward of iJ!!' liiii' of \ i.M'iiility of the liifiht. Within two hundred \arils of it there is a depth of lift ecu lailiiiiiis 111' water o\ei' rocky bottom. .1 riiiii/dtliiiin .sinihiii fi'cl: lies half a mile south sixiy-sixand a half ilei:iees vest (.S. (KJ.p \\',) tVniii (Inen li'ock, and one and a qiiaiter miles north litl,\ seven and a half de;;reei wi-sl (N. ."iTA^ \\ . I II I he !a};ht lioiise. 1 1 is just seaward, or w iilnn the arc of \ isilniitv nf the I. iu hi. and Ihe wi >iiiii laiii;entsof Oil Ti in id ad Pock and P. lank P'ocU are nearly in ian.-e. It has til I ecu fathoms ut uitci around it. with foul boltoni and ci;;lil to tc- 'alhonis of water loi' half a mile in the i'i,.'iicin of the I.iuht house. It breaks \erv seldom. Till, Miiil.i II incLs lie north (ilty dcfirces west (N.."i(t W.I three lilll and fonrlitihs of a mik' lii'iii •iicen Pock, and north fortv li\ e ile"iees w e ■-I iN. I."i *\.Hwo and one tilth ami two ami l^^diitlis miles from the Pijiht house. The former has thirleeii and I liree i|aarters fathoms uf "all 1 rinse to the southeast, but no soninlin;;s are laid dou ii hence to the iioi t hern lock. At one- i|Haiiii lit a mi'e northwest from the noiihern bleaker iheieisa depth of tiftecn fathoms, and >iMi!lrin r.ilhoms about three tenths of a mile to Ihe air ill' Msjbilily i,f the I,i;;ht. si waul. Pioih rocks lie shoreward of tlr 117"/,' /.•„,/,•, led from its appearance, is a lull islet lolly li\ eighty yards in extent and iMii' 1 dud and tliJiM feel above the sea. I'.iil il lies onh two liiiiidied and lill\ yardsoll'a jirojeciin^, wooded head, one Inindreij and l'i>ri,\ \'i't'\ liii:li Il lies three iiuarti'i's ol ile iiiii:li of tiiccn Pock, aiid one and seven • iirhihs miles I'loni Trinidad Head. 171' J I 1' I' L'li ' i nil ! : ■ r, m m If ( Hi' nii 3oS I'ACIIIC ('((AST I'll.OT. AiiofluM" iiislioro mcky islet, scvpiity-rivf yiinls in cxloiit ami (iiic liiimlroil ami lifty ft'ct lii; li lies tliicc lil'llis (it'll iiiiit' olVslioi't', ami two and .scvciitcnllis'iniics nortii thirty tiircc dc^'rct's w. ^ (N. aP \V.) f'nim tilt" l.i^litiiKiisc. Cdik' A'iii/.-. iiaiiu'il iVoiii its sliaiic. is only thirty liy sixty yards in extent and forty I'ect ali"\i the sea. It lies three and three qnarters miles north lorty-two dejjrecs west (N. Hi ^ \V.) from M;i I.i^ht house, and o\er the ea^t tai-^cut ol' (ireeii itix'k. It is isolateil, and lies one mile oil' .-.Iilk and three lil'llis of a mile outside tll(^ sluue rocks. 'I'lien- is a depth of llt'leeu fathoms of w:. , close around it, with the soiindin,i;s deereasjnu' to twelve aud a half tathoms in half a mile i ward toa small rock torty feet hi,t;h. Seven tenths of a mile outside of Cone Koek the t fathom soundings are over a hotlom of tine ^ray saiul; aud the I hirt.\ lalhoui line is Just miles distant over siudlar liott(UU. Weill \ I'hr 7'i/)'//<.v. These are two small rocky ish>ts tuu' mile broad otV Itocky Point. 'I'Iu'n ik two hundred aud thirty yards apart cui a northwest half west heariuj;. The northeintu' oiiic Turtle is sixty by forty yaids in extent and twenty feet hi};h; the southern or iuiu'r Turtle i about one half the exleiil of the i ''ter, but lifty feet above the sea. Fi(uu the northern extremii • n liocky I'oiut the outer Turtle ''im -s s(Uith fortyti\c dei;rees we.'-t (S. \'i W.) distant (uu' ; i three-tenths miles; and t'roui Trinidad I.ij.fht house it bears luulh thirty lixc ami a half de;;ii c west (X. o.lA"' \V.) distai't tivi' and one tenth miles; but it is lu'arly tuo miles shoreward ot' Mu line of visibility ot" the l.i;;ht. There is deep water, lifti'eu to sixteen fathoms, within two huudicil yards around the TiM!le> over botloui of line ^ra,\ sand. The bottom inside them is Imd. « i'li /(ro /'/•(((/.('/■.v, tliiee ti nth and fourtenths ot' a mile east of liie (Uiler Turtle, and then \isibli' rocks towards the sliiie TL ese rocl opeiii-d, w !:( tliev can ueiieralh haul in and follow tlie directions alreativ j;i\eii. From loi lilt we h,i\i' the I olio w in;;- direct ioi)s and distal ices to lin]iol'aiiI objeel- H '.r P Wliisiliii;; liimy ell bin lit '^ I.'itI S. ('a pi' .MiMiilcM iiiii l.inlil-liuiiM' s. V\ lii>lliii;i Ilimy ciir lliiiiili'ilili tial- S. Iliiiiili.ilill l.i-lil hill Trlniilail bi^hl-hiiii.- Iliihlili;;'. Kiiil, Clr-iilil CilV l.ll,'lll SI. iM-lllyi's l.'l I I • ( 1 i; li'.l mill's. i:t iiiih'N. lux KiiiK. II ii i; Cajii' iiil'i'lil l.i'-hl h !■ O" I iuti'l'Visililr) S . •J- N. O 1HIII>*I N. V snl |i"Ilt-Il(Hl^lO N. ■\ V .\ . ., \i W. t:ij niih' T null' 1 W. U \V. l:i Iliilrs. W. lent Mii',1' W. in:',, mil.' The ;reo;;laiihic:il position of till' (Ul ter one of the two r. clj\ pinnacles ii>iu;: aliove I h on I;ock\ I'oint has been determined b\ the 1. .S, ( o;isI and (ieodetic Siir\'e\ as follovs: l.atiniili' II l.iiliniliiih l','l Or, ill tiiiii' iia ','- .7 wisi. jti'" at'. '.I. The iiiaL.'uelic \aiialliin was l.s .l.l' c:i>.| m .laniiaiy. ls.S."^i. ;inii increases I .1 aiiniiall,\. N'aiieoiiver noted llie luokcn ami roehv sirelcli ol'>lioic liciice to Tiiniilad lie, named iis pi ojeelion Itockv I'oiiil : but on the chart the nan placed II in latllnde II ()s'. le IS iipplii eil closi lo the lb 1 111' mil lliurslrllimii'-l Inrk III I 111' ( ll'M'i'llI ClI \ l^i I'l, rAcii'u; COAST I'li.or. 339 ¥ s y ft'i\('i' tliree tlionsaiiil leet witliin ten miles ot' tiie shore, anil of mote than lour tliousanil feet at los lian twenty miles Ik ni the coast. I'.i tween latitudes ■10"' oil' anil 11 1.")', anil niiifiinjr IVom live to ei^ht miles eastward oC Ti'in- iil.nl Head, tlu'.c are at least ei;;lit jieaks thai ean be seen over lilt.v miles at sea. The one that is iii-i iiiaile out is Trliiitji Mniiiifniii, \\lvv^' thiuisand and twelve fe(>t above the sea. and l.vinj; live mill- iiditlieast by east (NK. by I"..) iVoin l.'oeky I'liiut. It is in latiliule ■( I' ()!•' Kt" north, lon;,'i- liHic I-l I'l' ;'i(l" West, and ean be seen at liliy eifjlit nnlos outside of Iloeky I'oint. \ltiiiiil lloopdh. — Tills is the highest of the coast mountains immediately behind Trinidad 111,;!, lint it is hidden by Trinity and other mountains when a vessel is nio(leratel.\ ch si; under til, Iiiid. It is ill latitude II ' (I'.C north, loiif;itnde \'S.\' .'!7', and is visible at a distance of seventy llillc lllllll Mminl h'imtl. — This is a bare and I'ocUy summit reaching an elevation of four fliousand one liied and eighty feet ; it lies lorty-lwo miles noilli forty and a half (le;,'rees east (N. Itt.P I'..) rniiidad Head, and fortythiee and a half miles north ei;;lity-se\ en ('ejirces east (N. ST"^ K.) li..iii l.'iildin;;' Itock. It is the culiiiinatin;; jieak of the llniiiboldt Mountains, which (-rowil dowi III ilii' sharp bend of the Klamath River, about thir.'v live or forty miles in from the coast. Tin iiiiiiin llilie lilllK iiiii.s bet « cell it and the coast reach ele\ atioiis ol' t went vei "lit hundred and ten and twent\' lied and lill\ feet between the Klamath h 1 i; i\er ,iii(l licdwooi |iiisiiiciii of Mount Kiiiict is latitude II " L!!!' north. loiij;itnde ll liisliiiice of se\ cntv miles. Ill ('reek. 'I'lie ;reotrra|ihical test, and it is visible at a le of these mountains are seen by a vessel when iij) with <'a|ie Mendocino, and when otV (IS', licdilinj; I'ock is \ isible :lii |ii,ij;iin Ifncl^s of the Crescent City Ifeef. I'dhliiiij It'dih. — Wlier abreast of INicky I'oint, in latitii.l, ll ixcssers deck, and with the moriiin>i sun shinin;,' upon it pri'sents the appearance of u \\IhI!'-1i cone of cipial sides and base. \VIien seen tioiii the w esi soiilliwest, the iiniihern face is iii;iil\ iierpeiidicular and the siiiilhcrn face slopes about one in t w o, wiih a w hitish surface and il.n k li.iM'. When seen fioiii the west northwi si at a di>lan 'e of four miles, il appears as a (run- IkI mass havinj; a height of two thirds the base, with a \ eiy .Mi,L;lit inclinalmii to the nnrili- I il l!iillllra-t the b ise is dark for om third the height, then whiic w itii a scar in the soiitliei n face, riiruliile (le|iiisit is doubijc.vs fiiiiii biids, and maybe washi ll olf in w inter. II s ele\atiiili IS Id make this rock\ slet about sixtv or iiulil\ three leet aliii\e the sea, and onr estiiiiate won MMiilv ,\ai(ls in extent inutli and south. It is npin ted to have deeji water ;,11 around it : but its \i(inii> has not becii sur\e.\ei|. NVe have be( n informed thai a reef, coinineiiein}; at the shore Ium miles aboM" the lock, stretches out a short dislance towaiils it, but no br.'akers are seen tlirec- i|ii.iiiris of a mile from shore. \ Cssils do not ',o inside of it. b'cildiiiy: Hock lies lour and a half miles broad olfdold lUiilf in laiitiide tl IMC L'-" north, 'li'jilinli' IL'I 11' .'III' west. It is nlniost on the line between roini and ('reseenl City i-lii liiiii.^c. fioin it we have the followiii;:' beariii,t;s ;iiid distances to iiiiportant points Hiirkx I'.. int. s. -jH \: iiil < ii\ I. IK III Imiii^i' N '-'1 \V. I-.", mil,' lllll.'S. NiirlliWfsl Si-:il liork, Citsi'imiI Citv IJ.-if j jiiiipnM ,1 liiilit]. \,iiHou\er places licdilin;;' b'ock In !:'lilnile 11 :.'"i' i \v. :;m m III his cliarl, and four miles oil shore lull 111 ihe nariati\e states the dista'ice at half a league, and that il is. hall' a iiiile in circuit. His 1 :ic I, lies inside of it, I'l licnkolf calls it Iliid Itock It receixcd its pioeiit name from laeiiteiiant McArlhiir in I'^'iii, 1,1 lioiiiir ol' i;, IJ. Iteddiii';, of ( aliloriiia. ill .l.iiniaiy, Kid.'I, \i/.caino's xc.-sels weie separated dm iiij;' liea\ y southeast weathei, and one III 11 rill "hem;; in forl.Ndiie de^iiecs of laliliiile ran beioie the wind, and Miy nearto {'a|:;' \li iliiniKi, .she found shelter under a l.irj;e rock\ islet, where she reiiiaiiieil at anchor until the >l 111 111 h.iil passed ; and alter I he w iiid had lulled the ship con 1 1 mud her coiii.-e iioithwaid eloso iumIi 1 I he land." '11 le con text shows that he was noi lliw aid, or in the vicinil.\ of Cape Mendocino, "lull the storii iniiieiiced ; and Ins laliliide iiia\ beaccepled as nearly correct. W'earo tsatislicd ili.il ins \c.s.s(| .incliored under the lee ol this rock\ islet. I ■I ;S I.!.* P rACIlIC COASI' I'lI.OT. I'ACII'IC COAST I'll.DT. 341 \St, Cllllll,'- cacli '.'I'v .1 I'llli'lll ( l;i| .) illlll llll' y milt'-, t.i If soiillnni iiiiiL; of tijf mill' : I Im nils hill ;ii ; s 1:1, m Mill 1^ II>11\ llilVrl iiiiliTiiniM-. iii'Mily twii ir mill' lnlii; lll> |illl|rrl ■ (illlfl llin~| (' lllC lirarii mil >li:ir{il'. 'cuiiil llll l,\ icll liCMih '- ICt> (lllllltl'l ~ Ik'iiiI III llll' . A \V.) Imin tlir |ii< I 1 .1 lick,- I'lii^r II i;- t\MiiI\ II Ills ui-I liiiiill'l.>lrl\ I ilil'i'ill\ lliili-> Im.ii ilrM'Ill.iil. luiiail '. II II. A il'i 1 III llir 111. Ill ivaln li. .I'll .--Iril '.■ ;i I lirlli- I \ "I Is lliil ill \SM'> I'l I 111 l> -.111 I IiiiinI\ l:i":. r\ 111 |i'llii|' Ui l|-lMltll'il ml llll ,1 11 I UMi ;, .I'N lull IKl- ,. -;||,iri hill' (li.iiiui's "Ih'II.v (Voiii till' (Illlll I'lliiIVs, hciiiy tlifiict' i|iiil(' iiir;;iiliir, lirnkrii, iiiiil lidnliTcd by many iiii'l,-. .Miiivi- till' liiilil clill.s Ilii> jiiwrr lijjl.s ill'*' covi'it'd w itii i'li;ipai nil, ami llir lij>;licr iiill.s with i,,!i -Is 111' H'thMiiiil ami lir. 'I'luri' arc twiior llirct' (laiiyci.s to iiiivigation thai oxtciul ouo milo limii >liiiit', to bii iiiciitidiicd in their propel' jilaccs. I'lli; KI,AMATII IMVKU. Seven miles north thirty de^jieis west (N. ;i(l'' \V.) iVoiu the northern end ol" ("mid P.liifl', and lvi iii\ lour and a hall' miles iinilh ten (lej;rees west (X. Id \\ .) I'mm K'ncky I'oiiit, is the month 1,1 ihr Klamath lliver nmici I lie hi^li laiiil at the niirlli side of the river valley. At the river ii|ii'iiin III u, lor one and one third miles south of the ninth head, there is a loii;^, straij;ht sand lieaeh Illlll Hock Head. Thi.s line (if sand I'oriiis a narrow peninsula stretcliiiic' Ircin the south head lim iiiN the nnrlli head, and so throws the channel ol' the liver close under the locky shore ottlu^ I, llll 1. Till' width of the ii\cr valley lietwceii the hi^h lands mirth and south is loui (HtL.s of a null' il the inniilh, ami it mainlaiiis this width alunit a mile inland. Aloiij; the coast In the sontlnvaid of the river the lisinj;' hills are covered with grass and low lui-lii's lor a .>hort di.-Ntance hack to an clevalion of ahout scncii hiimlicd leel, and then hegin tlu^ loll -Is which cover all the higher ;:rounil. This teatnre continues to the mouth of the river. Wlirii ('lo.>e inshore, locks ate .seen for a mile immediately under the clilVs norlh of (iold i'diiff; illlll a few strayr^^lm;:' oiiesat twoiind at time miles from the same point, and at the latter distance line I llll I hie rock lies one tliiid of a mile otf .slmic and two I hi ids uf a mile south of Split Itock. Siilit Hinli is a sli^^liily pn iccliiii; head three and a half miles (roiii the northern end of (luld I'.liill .mil till' same distamc to ihe .voiii hw aid of the mouth of Klamath i;i\ei'. It is so named liiiiii a i:icat cut in its noiih lace. The clitls hence to I'liiit Jlock lien! iiie honlcicd liy visible ;iiiil sunken rocks and one hi^h, rocky i.slct, hut none of these extend four hiimlied \ardsolf .-! flic hiyli, locky islet is White Hixk, one hundred and seven feet above flu' sea and eighty ymU ill i'\iiiii. Il lies onesixtli ot' a mile oil' shore and has many sunken and \isible, rocks luiuicii it and llie slioie. Its south face is very |iieci|)itons and the west face steep and slopiiij;- III ilic iinrlli. Il lies almnt six Iiumlred yards north sc\enl\three (le}:iecs west (N. W Ihi -.hull' iimlcr ///m on Us iiintli .side, reaching back to the heiithl of two liiiii' illlll anil civility leet. The hiuhesi part ot' Ili;^h liliilf is on the south cdjic of this chasm, and oiH I iiiiiliiil and thirty yards in I'min the sliorelinc; it ii,-.es three humlicd and I'm ly feet above llll' -I'.i. I'Uiit l^ink Uiiitl is a delaclicd, rocky head, one hundred and tliiitylho feet liij;li and about mil' liiiiiilied xards in extent. It lies about luie liumlictl yaids fiom the hi^li land at llu' southern liiiiii of Klamath Kiver sand beach, which slii'tclics one and one third miles from the mouth of Ihr iiM'i. and is connected w llll llie dills of the lii;;li .slioic h\ ilic low sands. It has a jirccipi- lull- lace to the southwest and sloiics to the noi ihi asi. Nisilile and sunken locks lie w it liiii two liiniilii'd yards all around it, and slietch hence to While Cock. A /'nr/,' (iinixli lies abreast of the south head of Ilic Klamalh two ihinlsof a mile north sixty- lliiic ilcuices west (N. ti;P \\'.) from I'"lint Hock Head, and soiilli nine lu-yrees west from tho iiiiMiili of the river under the iiorlli head. "II llll' north side of the lisci the coast line trends to the west northwest for nearly a mile, llll II I 111 \ ii\ix i;radiiallv to the iioi iliwest and iioiili norihwcst to the False Klamalh, ihiee miles to llll' liKI tliwaril of the moiilli of Klamath I.'ivcr. ruder the clitls of this roundin;,' shore lie many \isihle and sunken, but iioiii' o\er tliice hiindicil \arils fioiii e c\ce|it two, wh ivith llll- link aw.isii lyiiij; iwo thirds ot a mile from T'lint Hock Head constitute the three daiij;ers in llll- niiiiiiili.ile ap|iroaclies to the eiitiance. Thcv are as follows: .1 'III/., .vevenlccli 1 1 el above w:ilci' :ind ;ibiiill lilly \:ilils in c\ lent, lies norlh sixty two def,nees •'»i'--l ,N. liL'^ W.) two and two tliiids miles Inim the iiioiilh of the ii\i'r ;ili'l one mile hro:id olV the luiii'-l vlioi'c. Il lies one mile south by west (.S. by W'.i from I'alsc K l:ii'i:;iii Hock. .1 MiiiLdi nil'/, lies north eii;ht\iine decrees west (N.Sl ' W .] one ami thrceei;;liths miles from '!"' " Ill of the river, live ei;;hths of a mile oil the nearest .'■liorc, and south forty four dej;rees •a-i S. 11 K.) one and three eij^hths miles from the prcccdiii;: rock above water. \\ liile l.'ock. oiniiyh r.luir, the I ock avvasli Iviiij I v\o lliiids of a mile fiom I'linl Hock Head, .niil ilicse two lastineiitioned dant;ei.s be in :iii :ilnio.st .straight line northwest and .southeast fr OIll mil I'ACIIIC CIIXM I'll.itr. u:\ use !lli;( 1. 1 lie IL'I II". mill t'i;;l(I\ i;ir tiiil> .!r till' llr{.th i;ill;it'.s w lili S cldsril. !> S,"p(»: •• ll,r III' I'lltlMlnr liilt s;illiic III' iliil iioi if till' ir.ri liff, iiliii 11" IMWillK ii ~^ T, altliuiiji I tliiiiu li' I ■il iinv. ..11.1 III Aiiuii>i. ,• Klaii. rli :lli'l li> TIlllSl' 1 irli I' ri\fl\ !lll' IIm-v-I ;1m- SilllllO . ,.ii' itIIMIIl. 1 II , fiia.->l \ .i . Till- ^Iii;lil. Iiiil .>>Imi |>. iiiili'iilMliiiii Know ii us ihr i'alsi' Klmnaili js :it llic iipi'iiiii;;' of a small SM..III1, liirall,\ kiiiiwii as W ilnoii\t Crcf/.', ciiiii in;; lictwci'ii lii^sli liills ul' a tlioiisainl I't'il i'lr\'atiiiti. 1 1 , iiM' IS alioiit liair a iiiiU- III •■xti'tit. 'I'licir is a slioit .sainl Ihmi'Ii cii'iii' iil' n irks just iii>ji|i', iir I . , iiuillHa.Nl waul, tit' till' siMilli |iiiiiit III' Ihr rii\i', ami liil'iiiiy;li it i'iii|ilii's a very simit stii'aiii n I , I, iliaiiis till' half iiiilr lull;: \ allc.N In I hi' cast waril of I lif liil^i' tiiniiiii;;- Ihi' |Miiiit. Wilsuns ( ! I I. riiipl ii's I II III I III' mil thi'l'ii jiai't III' till' rii\ r, w lii'l'i' Ihr liil'i'st nil ins vi'i'y lirai'l.s In Ihr lirarli ; ihi ' 111' M'lni' liiiiisi'S DM till' sliipi' 111 the soul li want nt Ihr iiiiMilii. Thi' lii'arh in this part i>f tiie ri.v. i> i-i> \ I'Iril W II II liii'ks. I III' riivi' a|>|ii':ii's lai.ui'i nil ariiiniit of Ihr illir iif links anil m i-N\ islrls slrrlrlilli" lirarlv half :i II lir \\i>t liiilii Ihr siiiilh |iiiiiil. 'I'lirlr is nil >jfi' aili'hnraur hrir whalrMT a^ Ihr ciixr is llllni \m;|| Milks, I II it h \ i>il)lr ami mi iikrn, all hough llirir is a ilr|it h of Iriiiii lniir In si\ fa! hums nf walrr iiis:.ii' nf, ami lirtwri'll thr>i' ilaii;;i'ls, III 1 1 ai lirr (,).'- Cirrk lirs M'Vrii rigiitli> nl a iniir linilii twenty ilr^rrrs cast {N. LMi II.) finin this islet. Smaller iMiks >lii'lrh lint from tlir pniiit oiir tiiiiil nf tlie w ay tow ai'ils this i>lrt, ami sunken iiu'ks ami rnri, • .ilinM' wali'ilir within Iniir hiimlinl \aiils sniillirast ami iinithwcst nf it. IJetwreii it ami llii I'll ks lieairl till' liniiil tiirir air lirplhs nf fi in- to six I'atliniiis nl walev: nlllsiiie nf it the water ill I |.i iiN r.ipiill\ . Iiiil a (/((;///( raiin ,\»/i/,( « ici I: lii s in ilrrp w atri aliiinst hail a miir niitsiilr nf it on till' I iiiitiiiiial inn of Ihr linr fmni tin- t-onlh |iniiil nl thr i'o\r. This .siitihit tnrl.. lorally known a.s till' \\i/\ini /i'i<(7,, lirs iliiri'tl\ nil' thr I'"alM' Klaiiialli Cnvr, neatly nnr mile nil' the smilhei ii pnjnt III :!■ \\i|s( Ill's ('ink, ami iiiiir ailil tlilee ipiaileis miles snlllhwaiil nf Crrsiriit City Lightliotise, \V.!I liliirii to eight fallKHiis nf water ln'twren it ami the J'alsr Klamath I! 'I'l le ini'U tias nlllv Iv ll'iir I'rrt '<( wati'i' iipnii it: the top is eiii'iilar ami almiil I'niii' feet in iliameter. Within two Im, its' I' i^:|i> ai'oiiml it the ile|ith is lifteeii ami oiieipiaitei fathoms ; iipnii a piiijeeting sluiiihlei' tlient \^.l^ Iriiml four ami a half fallioins, 'i'lie sea raicly lnraks upon it, ami it can not lie otherwi.su ih-ini;;iiislieil at a ship's letigtli, especially as there is no kelp to maik it. l'"rnni it air giveti the tii'li.u iiig lieaiings ami ilistaines to loeatr thr position : Sistrr llnrks hrar nm lliwrsi liy nm 111, (lis- t.iiii t'liiii miles, ami I'afsr Klain.ith llmk mnlh se\eiily ilegrrrs east (N. 7(1 M.i, disiant nearly li.ili ,1 iiiilr. I'af Islaml, halfway itishnrr, fast liy mnili (!•;. liy N.i, niie-hall' mile. fills rnrk was tirsl Inealnl as a lurak in ls71,l)tit aflriwauls ex.itniiiril thoioiighly in the li\ ili"uraiiliii' siiixry. S.iiiih srveiiteeii ilegrees ea.'^t (S. 17'' I'}.), distant six-si'\entlis of il iiiiU' from the Wilson -.n,;,iii link, or smith lis west (S. hy W.), distant niie iiiilr I'rniii the I'alse Klamath Knek, lies tlio iii.l, si'M'iileen feet al)i)\e water, already deserilied iiiidrf dangers in the appioarhes to the Kia- iii,i:li l;i\rf; ami north twriitythrre degrees west (N. L'.'! W ), istaiit I wo tliiids of a mik- from Mil \\ ilxin linek, nr linith lifty live drglees west (N. .">."■( W'.i, live-sixths of a mile frnir. the I 'a lie Ki.iiiaili li'ni'k, lies a ruck mcdsli. These t wo roi-K. ' tlie oillrlliinsi ilailgris i If th.' I'alsr K!a- ill Itiiik, and tlir \\ ilson sii lll^rli ini'K lirs a lit lie ilisidr 'if t hr lilir Jnining thrill. Inside nf this ■iall\ to the northeast waul of tlif noithnii oiii', Iir iraiis siiiikm rucks ai'd roeks awasii : il'r tor a \ essel to ))ass, nr tcM'loW hei'.i'lf t n !:c .>!'. III. IHI rr nf this lilii', lliiilrniiiiijiliii olj l!ir I'ltluc Klmiiiilli. — lirnad ntV the coast at li:is |i a west-sO!tt1iwt',«t the soiiiidings are six tern talhonn of water over tine dark gi.i\ sand at one iiiile ontsii'e till I'iIm' Klamath IJock ; eigliteeil fatlioii's o\er tine sand and xiiio-.' mu It two miles ; twenty l.i^li.iii:^ ii\rr dark gray sand and yellow annl at three miles; twenix I'liir tathoais over sand ami iiiii'l :ii tour miles; and twe'ity six fathoms over sand and iiiitd at live and a half miles. These iiiili:-,ilinii> show linw llliifortii the hiiitoin is within these limits. Till loii.st line inn Ihiriinl finm I'lilsi l\liiiiialli llH' hill sloiies are covered witlicli.ipaii.il and gi.iss to se\ cii hnndred feet above the sea, » li \f.i ;4l m ■ii fi I'\ r\l' Hull l>'rl linil It l> llMll ill « Slllll I'ACll'IC CUASI I'll.oT. .".Jf) ill-illc lill' IIIIkIii'iI 'm 1 tiM' II,!.. iwiinl I'l. Ill Kliiili; ;iih| if llicni.i"! li'i|i « ;ilci , III' lli'M'l |{l .1 I'l'iilii I he IS riHiiii I II l\\Clll_\ ll\.' '(•(' ilci;!!!-. ^l' l\l. nil. till iiiimIci.iIiIn I a null Mil riKilli li'r.i'i till' rnniii'l', III Ikmim' ,ii Ily In , i-hi 'riii> |Miii,t uii 111' tlnci' lii.iic. Till- Thcd.'ii;!, Iiiiir ;i null' •s ^r.iilu.iil\ ■(H'k. I cvti'lit liill t\M'lll> -I »!' I mill' iii'iii llll> IIM'l ,1 M ^;lllhllll^ W itllill 'llll' iwciilN r.inr ri'oiii llll' I't'i' r,itii'iiii> line link llllll'S, \Mlll is iwcnt.v MillrN. ,|u; ll lllc lIlU'' ;ll'Illl. .ili'l IlllllM' Ihi'M- n|M'll. I'" li|ii;iil l.'>* i||.\-|||li!l 111 I. '11 r-'V- M'Sl C'llI'M' ■ll 1-^ hi Illy ii's, i\Miiiy- Hm. i,iiIii'Iii> tiviT IliH" >;rii,\ siiiul ; ;it lour miles, l\vciil.v-,si\ I'mlioiiis ovci' (i;iik-;,'i'iiy hiiimI iiiiil liliir ii.ii'i; .iml iIm' iii'|itli iiicii'ii.sfs in llijrtv two iiiiil tiiiily lliit'c r:itliiiiii.s at seven miles ri'iiiii slmre iiMi ,1 liiillDiii dl' tIarU ;:iii.\ saiiil ami mini. 'I'licse sands art; l< slieaiiiM, CRKSCKNT CITY BAY. ,\|i|>i'iiaeiiiii^ lliis liav and iiiielioraKe I'l'iiin 'I'linidad Head ll ean mil lie made lait iinlila vessel js Ml II ii|> ^nlli il, lieeallse (he niin|iariit i\ el,\ low I'liinl Saint tieiir^c slietclies Ijnee miles to the (M'^lw lid III the am'liuii'|w westward and soiithwestwaid tol'oiiii the open and e\|iosed roadstead. The lii;;lit iioiise i> ll ilie MMithweslern |>olnt of this eiirvin;;' slio'e. 'I'lie low land iiii the easiirn shor(> is partly I MM lid uilh I'oiest, and the liioad, low, wooded ■' ailey iiinn.n;; inland is a not a I tie lea I lire of the li.jii.i^i'aphy of tl iiinliy. roiuhined with the low land lieiiee to the niirtliward of I'oliit Saint iii'iii;:e, and einhraein;; the area ol Lake I'lail and I he lower reaehes ol' Smith's li' ler, this low H':;ioii is e\eeptional in liein;: I'onnd piojei'tiii^; so well seaward. ('lesceiit ("ily aii('lioia;;e is the most daii;,'eioiis ol' the lar;,'er roadsteads usually resorted to l.y ^leamers on the coast. It loriiierly had iiiiicii importance on accoiiiit ol' Crescent City heiii;; ilif ilepol tor the supplies of millers working; the pild di;:niii;;s on the Klainath. Trinity, and .''^iil.iiiiii ii'ixcis. It is a very contracted place, liein;;' v«M'y little more than a mile and a half in I'M. hi cast and west and three ijiiarters of a mile north and south, liiil the low watei' lieaeh is \i'i\ Inoad, and the line of three lathoms is half a inilf from shore at the anclioia;:e. It is tilled Willi sunken rocks and reefs and has a ;;ihmIIv nnnilier show in;:' aliove water. No iiaviMaior ^llllllll| lliink of ;;ainin;: an aiichoiaMe here wilhoiii a pilot illdess he has a perfect knowlcd;;)^ of llll' hidden dan;;eis. No .>iiiikcii locks are now known to exist oiilside of the line of v isilih> ones i\.i|it one awash soiithwcsi ilnce ipiai tcis west (.SW. 'l W.i, and a little mole than half a iiiiii! liiiiii llie Ia;iht house. In llic approaches from the south there is a toiirtalhom Icdi-e to lu> lir^i'iilicd. .\pprnachin;; liom the southeast the line of ten fathoms, which was only half a mile I'll' the coast alireast the Sisters, ;;radiially increases to a mile olV slio'e within two miles of the nil liorii;;e, lull to the westward of the hay this line a^ain comes closer to the shore and rocky i^lcls. Ihcre is now a line wliarl at this place, descrilied iiiidcr the head of I'lat Itock. l.sl.KT.^^ AM) l)A.Mii:i!S IN TIIH ArfK(iA('IIi;s AM) I1A\ dl'' CI! i;S( T.N f CITV. r/((/,s(' /.((///(. — 'I'his is a lliiec and one (piaitcr fathom I'ocky jialch lyinu' in tliiilceii fathoinsof 'a.ih I, one and three ipiartcrs miles south torty de;;rees east (S. IIP M.) rioni the l.iuht house, on Ihi i,iii;;c of the l,li;lil lioll>e and the West side ot' Sleaill lioat liock. Mussel h'ock licais I'rolil il 11. mil seventeen dej;rces east (N. 17 K.) ilistaiit three (|iiartcrs of a mile, and li'ouiiil l.'ock north I.Mhiy live decrees west (N.L'.'i W .) distant seven ei^^lilhs of a mile. The area within the ten r.iih.iiii curve is two hnndied and littv yards, and the lioltom at the outer limit is sand and mud. It liit'.iks upon this reef in heavy weather. .)/".s'.«(7 /I'oc/,. — This is a rock seven Icet aliove the water and thirty yards in extent. It rises III. Ill six fatlioins ot water about one mile liroad olf the low hcacli to the northeast, liiit lies to the I'.i^i'.vaid of the usual track of vessels lioiiiid to the aiii'liora;;e. The depth of water around it is ijihic iiiiit'orin at six to seven fathoms with rocky liottom. There is a deplli of seven fathoms 1.1 liM'i 11 It and Koiiiid Itock. l'"ioin it the l.iylitlioiise licars north sixty live dc;;rees west (N. ti"i ' W .'lie ami three ei;;lilhs miles distant; ami Ivoiiiid Rock hears north eighty live de;;ri'cs west iN ^"i W.) distant nearly live ei;;litlis of a mile. Ii'iiiiiiil liiiil. — This is a rocky islet nearly lil'ty yards in extciil and forty live feet hitih. It is ill. l.'.iiliii;; ill islet for vessels seekiii;;- the aiichoi'a>;c. and there isa depth of nearly ci :lit lathoms i.| w.ilci ipiite close around it. \'\o\\\ it the l.iL;hl house licais north lilly four dcyices west (N. ."iP t^ilr.iO' m >linl a tritleovei seven el;:litlis of a mile. \'essel> iss il on I'll her t he (',!>! or west sid vMiliiii one hiiiidied ami Iweiitv yards. (.Sec .Sailing; Directions.) Inside ol this rocky islet the siiiikcii locks comineiice wiihiii four hundred vards. 'if in I'.vciiic ( i)A;,'li'cs (>;isl (N i v..) Imiii It'iiuiiil Itock. ll IS iii.ii'Ui'ii liv ^1 lii'M (>r Krl|>. TlnTf air tixr a;i(l nIn lal Ikhiis df w i iirai it. A Kin nil I II /cii rail, lies rmir liiiiiilri'il vanls iiuiili Inri v im;;IiI lici'.rci's cast |N. |s |;., ||. ,,, IJomiil li'dcU. ll is .suiniiiiiili'il li\ kilp, anil lias lixc lallKMiis ui water nii all si(lf> i'\(i'|ii idiii,. siiiitli soiiilivast. 'I'lic last tuo rocks ail' luit mic IiiiihIiciI ami |uiiii\ \ arils ajiai t, al'uiit iitiitli lunlliwcsi ,i;i i sdiilli siiiillicast IVdiii cacli oilier, ami aie |irdli il)!\ |idiiils ol' the same le''.j;e. A siriiil'nt »■()(/, lies six liiimlred anil lliirl> \ aids iiorl li lilt.\ l''aiiiilleidv Ifock. tour talliiims nl u.ilei close to it. (tn I lie irist aiili o'' tlie elialillel to tlie anelniraiie lie tlie I'dllow iiiy iiieks and ledues : 11. 'Ill A /'iiiirlu II I'irt Inl ir 11 liumiiid \ aids mil III I uciiti ■eiulil dej^rec west ;N. L's W.I I li'lii >l iiv sdulli SW. Ii\ S.i li Koiiiid li'dck, and oiil\ 'wo lnimlied ami tili\ \aids mmiiIivm' l"aiiiilIiiov Ii'dck. Tlieie is ki'l|i dii lliisidckv Icdiie .\ )(//;i 'm //((/(/(' lies lilt\ yards nearer Sieaiiiliiial l.'oek and is pai 1 ol i lie almve Idiii leeii i Icd^e. It is si\ liiindied and .se\eiit> yards north tliirtytliree de};rees wt'si (N .;.; W.iii lloiiiid K'lH'k. 'I'lieie aie over I'diil fatlioins ol' water iiiiiiicdiateh to tlii' sdiilhwaid ol it. .\ //(/(i'k (I 'W ^ /(ir/,-. siii idiiiided li\ ki'l 1 1. Ill s I lilee ei;;lll lis ol a mile ll iHii loililid I, oii> on I III direct line to the I.ij;litlioiise moitli till\ Imil de^jreis west Iroii, leillii of tn-,- I'Miirteell feel ,iml nine leet lee;.'e^ l.isl di'serilied. icl, Ills IS als ■I'll e ellllle area iiel weell I lie lil'.ee last desel ilieil riiek->, Sleaill liiKlI Keek, and I lie 1,1;: III Islet Is lull of siiiikiii aml\is|lile ineks w iiieli ii i; i:!!jiiaelieali|i' Id tesii ilie 111 detail : and ilirn- are ollici sunken locks to the wcstwaid ol' Sliain boat Ion k which will lie liniiid desi'i'iinl I'liiilier on. riiiiiilii ri'i/ 1,'iirL — 'I'lii^ IS llie pi iiiei|ial l"ilileli il.in;;ei in a|iproac!iilii; I lie .inelidra;;c. .1' lies si|ll,llel\ in the pas>aue leaiiin^: to it in . lie Iiaiinw esl pIll liclweell llie sunken rock I 1. '■ 'it and West sides. ll 1.^ one d I the llidilell danycis llei anse il i s CIO ('led at I lilce-ipial Icl'- lloodlide, yet at iicail.v all limes tin re is a Incaker alioiil il. 'Ilieie is a depth ol Imir t'; tlidi, ~ I walel all aidlllii I II. and ll le iiassa;.;!' wa\ to I he anehi'l ,ii;e Is close on cil her side 1 if II. 'll' el 11 side, however, IS pnleircd, as I he link is liold on that side; it is repoi led to slope sum to the west ward, ll \v as at one time iii.iikcd li\ ai, iron spiii.ll.', Iiiit tins w as destrov ed m that tildv a I'diil III' It leiii.iiii> [ l.s.S(I), and this adds in Ihe daii;:cr nf llie ll I'miiilli ii'ij 1,'iiii, Hiiiiji. — Oil the I.NI1I1 ol Mav. |.s.>!l, a /i/ni/.- .v/;(ji liiloy was placed eh l'\lllIlllcroy li'ock. Ill pi, lee ot Ihe red and li -I' ir liiidv earned awav in .lanii.irv. I'---'.i. raiinlli idV Hock lies iinrih iwelve and a h.dt' dc^;ii west (N. l-'i \\ ,). distant tin of a mile I'idlii liolind Ifock. .md lioiii It We have l''i' I'dlldwnm Ileal Hid distaiiei hoal null SfielitX seven dej_l ecs w e- 1 \\ . . disiaii' III ai i\ hall' a 11 V one ilc'^lees ea I.iulil lioll^e lieais north .'■e\enl\ si\ device- West i\. Tli N\ 1, disl.inl hveei-i the iidMhwesI ponit of Whaler Island hears iiorlli lull dne-<{iiai ler of a mil of a mile, w hii'h hit Icl I I 'leek. III. mil rhe an iihoiai;e hears noil h iioi I hwisi , .% .1 (N. II .NW... disiaiil leaiilij.' 1> ileallv the dilrcllnii li 1 1. null al the e,:sl 'I'liele is I'diil '^liiliml qllil |lll|e close to Ihe I aillllleiov loll on s : Ihe lull I In I alli'.nlv de-.eriliiil. v.ilh |..i Ip on ihe lioilh side, hears soillheasl liv sonlli i.'sl'!. liv ,S ), i| liiindliil and f.iilv v.mU; l!n' lirnhil miu ll. .ilicad". ticsei ilieil, two liiimlreii and \aliU to the i-a^I ; .iiid < ii lai';;t', lock.v islet Iwo liiiiicliril yiinls in cnIi'IiI mikI si'Vciity-scNcn I,., I Iii:;li, It Ill's just williiii tiif tlircriiillioiii liiic, :iMii Imiiis llic casiciii side ui' till' clciir area 111- lie III' till' I'^auiitli'ioy lioi'K wlit'ic llu- stcaiiii'is ami sailiii}^- m'ssi'Is aiiclmi-. W'hi'ii |iiii)tM'i('il ,,n ■ lie low lands ol' tin- slum- lu'liiml it, it stands nut in f^oi'd rrlirf in rlrar wratluT. and is a pnxl Mil ilv I'lir M'sscis coniinj,' m|i tlif roast. Thrii' is an extensive icef stii'trliin;^' out IVoin its castcin sli,i;( and aNo to tlir nortliwanl. On tho souttu'in sidi' tlu'ic is I'onI uionnil in spots for nearly iiiir ;liMd ol' a mile, wliilst the western face lias neatly tliii lallioius of uatei' elose to it. The \M vicin point ol Whaler iNland lieais noith nine demees east (N. !>' i;.), distant a little more than I: ill a mile IVnm U'ouiid Itoek. and lioi'lli eij;lit\ ei;;lit dej;iees «'ast (N. SS^ M.), distant I'our-lit'tlis u\ .1 nnle Irom the I.i,L;lil house. Stidiii hour /I'ncA.— This is a roeliv islet ei;,'lily yaids in extent and (irty-l'oni' feet liij;li, nearly xiiHoiMided with loiil f;loiiiid. It lies noi'th sixtx-one de;;ii'es west (N. (Jl W'.). distant a litth^ ii •' ilian hall" ii mile IVnin IJonnil Ivoek. and south forty-fonr de^jfees east (S. 1 1 "> l'].), distant 1.1 r third ot'a mile (Viun the l,i -ill t house. I'or more than halt'- way tVoiii this loel; to Whaler Island ilir uroiiiid is very loul. luit beyond that, towards Whaler Island, the depth of water is four and ,1 i|ii.iiii'i' fallioms in tl-e auehoi',,;,'i'. Ill addition to the sun' en roeks already deser^'ied as dandier in the immediate |>assa};e to the a!iiiiora;;e, the fellow iiij; siiiikeu 'oeks ami locks awash lie to the west ward of .Steam boat lIi ck. A Mi'oud rliirtri II hi I mil,- lies ti\ c eiuhths ot' a iiiile west one iiiiarlei' north (W. \ N.) I'nun i;. iiiul Koek. and ti\e hundred and filly yards south tweiityx'M'U deiiiees west (S. L'T ^ W.) from .sir.iiiiboat Hoik. It is on I he rau;;i' of the kouIIi side ol' Ivouiid I'oek and the south side of Mussel |;.>r|,. Il has ei;;lit to leu fathoms all around it, bit an ei^hleent'eet roek Hi s one hundred and si\;\ \aiils to the wt st of it. Theie is no kelp to mark this rock. All eil l."'^. Id W.' tiom .Steam boat l.'oek. It lies on the iMliLie otilie south side of L'.iiuiii b'oek and the north side of Mussel Koik. Il has iiine and ten tatlioms id' water around il, Willi ilie Ihil'teeii feet lock one liuiidied ,iml si\l \ yards to the east of it. No kelp marks this roek. I I'H'i this ei;;hteeii teet roik I he l.iu lit -house be.ii s norlh one third w est ( N. >^ W.) distant Just liiiii .1 mile. A Miiihrii n>rl.- with six teet of w alei upon il and MX fathoms of waler aioiind it lies very nearly uiir 'juarlir of a mile ■.oiith sixly-three decrees west (S. ti:! W.i I'roiii .Steam boat Iloek, and one- lliiid of a mile south seven de;^rees e:is| ( S. 7 K.) from the I.iuhl house. It is jiisl north of the liih^e of the .south sides id' t'^team-boat liovk and Whaler Islaml. One liiindred ami tifty yards iiiMile af i! the fiioiilid is \eiy f.uil. \ lorl,- (itriish lies ia nine talhoms of watei on the ran;;es of the middle of Sleam boat K'oek I'll iiie MHitli side of Whaler I>laiid. and the south side ot' lloniid Roik on wnh the north side •I Mii.^M'l Itoek. I'roiii il the la^ilil house bears noiilieast by north (Ml. by N.i, distant nearly ti\ ■■ I i.;;lilhs ot'a mile: Kuuiid l.'oek iieais east one-ipiarter somii (I",. [ S.), distant exaetly one i.iil' ; and While or liiid Koek w I'sl by iioilli half noiihiW. by N. j N.l, dislanl \ei\\ nearly II. ■! Mille. !M•^ leporled thai at e\treMie low tides I wii w hills .ne seen a r-h.u I d isl a liie outside this roek .ivi.oJi; but Ihis report may refer |o the ihiiteili and ei;,'lilreu feet sunken locks, just described, !\!iiuiiwi a ijiiai ter ol a mile soni hwcsl t'loin Sle.iiiilioal itock. I'ailiicr to the noitliwesi llieie are no known hidden ilaii;;eis outside the lines eonneel in;; till' i'iil-nast(M's triuliiiK' n'.iriil;iily ti> ricsciMit Cilv riirt'ls riiii \>y hoiirin^s wIk'ii (licv Ikim. rcaclH'd tlic viciiiilv of liomul Hock. Ixit f,'i>veiii their ('(Mirscs U\ Hit' lucalis ami swiiis on rn,. siiiikcii rocks, and by tlic jtatclics of kelp. Htraiijicr.s slionlil prot cod vci.v cautiously, and Ici ili,. beiu'lit ol" .such tlit" followin^r tlircctioiis ;irc ^ivoii: Wlicn a|)proacliinjx flic aiiclioiaf^c (Voin llic soutlnvanl niii tor IJoiuid Itot'k, ilic oiiliMinn.si rocky islet already dcscrilied ; ]iass it on tlic jxirl liaiid in si\ talhoins of water o\ <'r locky lioiii.ni. };iviii;;ita liertli ofali'viit one tminlrcd yarils, ami steer norili by west one(|narier west jN. by \\ ' W.) for tliree-ei;^liilts of a mile to aliont one linndre(! yaids cast of I''aunll<'roy Kock ami liii rock in ian;;i' with Stcam-lioat I.'oik. in this ])osj|ic)n liic two feet snnken rock lies one hiniilhd and ten vards to t!n' teer iiortliwest (N W .) for one (piartei of a mile and aiu'lior in three and aiinaiici' fathoms ,' 'water on the line between the l.ijjht Inaisc iiiid north side of Whaler Island and on tlic line of the wliart. Ano'aer eonrse (o the aiichora;:.', more ^iiiialile for saiiini; vessels in the ordinary n.lrlllv,l^l wimls. is ;i pass Iv'onnd Itock on the slarl)oard hand al the di>tam'e of about om' linndred \.niU; steer nonli three i|ii.uters west (N. ',' V\'.! for half a mile. passuiLr tlic hmilirithi I le(l;4e. m.iiMii b\ kelp, close on tlie port hand. I'auntleroy Kock distant ninety .\ anls on thi' starboard haml. iiinl Wwtirilri ircf leil;:e. marked wiih kelp, distant ninety \arcls on the [lort haml. ContinuilM^ <-onrse until Whaler Island bears about east, theii haul yoar windcloselv and shoot up t p to II anchora;;e in three lathoms as before directe.l. SliouM it be iu'c»'ssary to tack shij) after p; the, Fanulleroy Hock, act promptly and remember that tim west side of \\ halci' Island can lir approached moderately close, carr\in;;' three fathoms with no kmiwn sunken dan^'ers, but ili.ii. ii Yoii fetch in to wimlwai'il of Whaler Island, von nnisl lack a;,'aiu when or before its west") a I'liii bears southeast (SI',.). The sunken rocks on the weather side of the passage are marked by ktlip and may be approachecl as clo>e as the w ind w ill permit. To a ship ina>tei' acriislomed iv> ob>cr\e and iiiii by ran;;es the followiiij;- .lirection will hr uselul. When approachinu ti.e aii<'lioia;;e, and as soon as Hound Hock can be made out. brin- ii to be.ir noiih half we>t (N. A W. i. Note some object on the low shore on the noithcasi side of ihr aiiclioia^e, and also soiiie tree lU' othtr object t'arther inland, both inraiiuewidi lomnd H.mI, mi that beaiiii;:. Sleer on that rant;e. which will also clear ( 'base's Led^^c, directly for Hoiiml i;,i, k. and when nearly up to it jioit your hi'lin to dear it close aboard on the port hand; resume mi,u ranjre a;,'ain as soon a> .\nu are past Hound Hock, and I'lin in on the iani;<'. jiassin;;;' miil«.i. I'l'tweeii I'aiiiit rV!'\ l.ocU a lid Ihe two feet sunken rock, un'il the I'mntlerov Uock IS 111 lali-c with Steam boat Hoc', ; then proceed to the anchora^^e as bel'ca-e directed. Ciuniiij; liom tlie noil liwi'-t, ship mastcis aeipiainted with the channel between tin lee! ,r if the I'aunlleroN Hock as lulore diiecied. Point Saint (!eii|-e keep half a mile onlsiilc of Castle H'oik. White Hock, ami tin- rock a which lies half a mile onl-.iile Sicam boat Hock. .\ vessel half a mile soiilh of While ' .ii-k safely sti'cr lor iomnd HNick. ami when wilhiu half a mile of it, pass to Ihe wi^slwa.a of ii distance of a (piaiter of a mili', then sleer for \N li.iier Island iiiilil loniiid Hock bears south east (S. \ v..) and run in on the e.i>l sii \'es>el.s },'encrall.\ anchor in three |o three and a A llilS ivttuS^im* '.*K.»»Ni»)*i?>.i1 M|i(,| I i«i'ii: \ I- Imll ',»,lli I (Imi.,. I, I'. Illi'l III lillll' ol I'll till' Cli "ill sjl, I'm an i,,t , !•;:>: WOHBKUiUMm PACIFIC COAST PILOT. 349 '2i 1 ^ t ' » i ^ \ i;,M \. the (orrinr iMMriii},' imrtli lil't.v-twi) (k't;ivL's west (N. ."ii!^ W.), distant one and one-sixteenth II f >, and iSte;iiiili(Mt IJocU, distant elevcnsixteentiis ot ii mile. . J!£ CKKSCKNT CITY LKilTTIIorSE. Cri'scciit ("its l.iulit limise is located im a nirky islet, alioiit I'oityfive feet above tiie sea, lyin^ (■1..M under Uatti'i's I'ciiiil ami eoniieeleil willi it at low tide. 'J'lie liiiildin;; consists of a keeper's .1 ' . llin;;' of siniie. |iainli'(l ij^lil ImlV, and one and a half stories Im;{1i, with a low tower of liiiek, |i|.is|(ii'd and uliitruaslied. lisin^f tlironyh the center and snrnionnled by ai. iron lantern. Tim ijiii f the laiilei II and llie lialiislrade are |iaiiite)l red. The hei^i'lil of the stnietiire from base to IimmI jilaiie is thirty-liv e feet. The l.i^ht is a liarbor li;;lit of llio Ibiirth order of Fresnel and shows I'l sunset to sunrise a /i.nd irliili: li(jht, nuiiil hii JIiihIks. The interval of the Hashes is ninety M ids. In .Inly, ls7l, we made oliservations npoii the I.iplit from a near station to establish its iili, i-.es, which were as follows: Moderately bi-i;;ht. sixty-one seconds; dark, twelve and a half >i imN; ini^lit tiasli of less than one second; dark, twelve and a half seconds; moderately biieht, ,i> liildie. Oliiii' iiieasnies have made the bii;;lit tlasli as niiich as thrci^ seconds. I he l.i;:ht was first exhibited on the 10 h of December, is,"»(i. In Ajiril, IStiO, it was not shown l(ii a siiiiit time. I I illiiininales two linndieil and .seventy de;rrees of the horizon. The eoin]tass raiifje of Msiliility, nsefnl to maiiners, is from northeast halt east (M'. l I'..) round by east, south, and ur>i to west by north hall north (W. by N. \ N). The local idane is ei;;hty feet above lii<;h ua'er level, and the I.i^ht should be seen in a fa\orable state of the atmosplicie from a heijiht of — Id I'l I'l ill a ilislaniT of i:!.'.l mill's. •JO I'ci't at a ili»l:i 'f i:..l mill' 'ill I'lrl al a ilislatici' nf li'i.."i niili's. The ),'eo;;raphicai position of the l,i;;lit, as determined by the ("oast and (Jendetic Snrvey, is: l.alilmli' II II atli. l.Mlmllllilo I'.'l r.' III'. wi'st. < )i, in ttiiii' 111- l-.l. ■file iiia;:iieiic vaiialioii was IS^ r>'t' east in .laiiiiary, ISS'i, w ith a yearly increase of I'.l. Ill MM the I, i;; lit house we ha\'e the follow iny beaiiii;;s and distances to im pi at ant objects; Capi' Mi'liiliH IMD l.i;;l!l-lliillM' Wllisllili',: iinev nil' 11 ImiIiIi lla III I'.., ilislaiii T;i unit's. IT 1!.. ilislaiit .'■'.• mill's. i;ni k\ I'l.iiil ."-. '-'I i;., ili-taiU ;1T mill' Ki'ililiii;{ Iiiii'k I-:., ihsMiii ill- Jiinalliaii Knrk (siinki'ii) Saint (iiiir^tc's Iin't' Niulliwi'si Sr.il K'cirU (|iici|iii.si il lif;lii) ^^aillt tii'mfii-'n Kii'l \V.. ili~iaiil (■; mill' \V.. ili-hiiit '.Is mill' Till' seciinil,ii\ astiiiiiomical station of the Coast Siii\cy was on the extremity of Ilattcrx i' just inside the Li;;hl house. It is in laliliide II If 17" iioith, loiij;iliide ILM ' 11' .'t.S" west. luhsitt Cnsirnt rjVi/.— The Collected I'^stablisliiiielil, oi liican interval belweeli the time of ii's transit and the time ol hinh water, is \1' 'J'he mean rise and fall of I he tide: ■ ximately tour and sexcii tenths feel. The axiraue dillcieiici' in lii'ifiht between the moriiin;,' iitciiioon tides of the same day is one and four tenths leet for the hi-li waters, and two and . ii'iilhs tei'l lor the low w;ilcrs. ^^■|lell the moon's declination is ;;reatest, these dilVercnces are i.iiM'ly two and twoteiilhs feet and thice and six tenths feel. The hi;;hest hi;;h tide in the > lour hours occurs about 11' Oil'" aflerthe moon's npperliaiisit when the moon's declination 'Mli;aiid about T' !'.•" before the mnon's liansit when her declination is sonlh. The lowest low -eiiis about seven hours alter the liij;liest lii^h water, the tides bein;,' of the same type as ' iiiiiii' fulls described for San I'lancisco. In obtain the time and lieinht of each tide of the year take out for the reipiiied date the times liei;;|its lor Astoria, < beuoii, from the published tide tables toi the I'acitic coast ; then lor tin- "I hiuh water ol Crescent Cit V siilil ract ['■• \'J'" tioiii the time of hii;h water at .\sloiia. ami liel},dit siibti'.U't one and six tenths ol a loo ; for the time of h iw wa ter subtract 1'' L'.")" 1 lie lime of low water at Crescent City, and for the hei}:ht adil one tenth of a foot. t'le.seeiit City liay was tirsi surveyed in ls,">:i, and a^siin in l."^."i!>. The followin,^' re|>oit (ls,-.!t) ill -how clearly the daiiLeroiiscliaracter of the roadstead, and the knowledj;e iei|uiied to enter it: 'III 11^ till' priijiri'HH 111' I 111' II -.111 Ml, ,,| Cii s, iiii ( ii\ 11,11 Ilia-, wr r..iinil siviimI iirvv. ilaii;;r!iiiis links: Inii as iIu'.v '< III (III' I'lianiii'l.s I'lilliiwi il li\ si I'.'imi'i's, all il ilii iinl iiili'il'iii' » illi till' am liiira;;i' in ns it ill II". niil -1 Tin iii'i'i'.s- •''I' 350 PAciKic COAST nuvr. Niiry ti> notiiM' tlicin fiirlln'r in lulvaiu'i' of tlic< imMical ii>ii nl' tin- I'liiirl, as I'vcry niio Inidiii;; lii'i(> kimwH llml Vi>s,.|, •Irawiiijj ovi'f iiiiir lui tin ml, I [„■ viiy can I inns m mhi iiiiiij; out i>lati'il lil^r Iiii.m>iii'|>. w iih tliclr |iiiiiilH jii.sl In li<\\ the siirl'ari', anil i'rail\ ti> |>i Iiail lirrn si'Icilcil I'lPi- a >,. liiii', wr ills, nvi r.'ij a M'l y sliar|i nnU alnmsl iIiiim lly in I In' |iassai;r, witli iis |miiii| mily iliirii di't IV tlir ~ii ' ami ilii p « all I all aroniiil 11. 'I'liis is nirnlionril In hIii'M lliat, altliiinnli tlir ;,'ri .ili'sl ran' «as taki-ii in llir m till' liiaiarl, 1 '>r till piiintsof roi'k., is sin'h thai it r;in tint In- -.iifpt 'sin;; it" iirw iMn'slir t'liiiinl Inr si'\ rial si-aNniiN ti' . ('iiiiiiiiiniJiMtiiiii i.s iii;iiiit{ijiii'ii iliii'in;;; titr .s|ii'iiiu', ."^iiiniiii'r. Mini iiiiliitiiii with Sail I''i'aiiri-.rii mill iillicr |Mirl.s liv cimsliii;,' .sifjincrs aiitl sniliiin vr.ssd.s; diiriii;; III'' "iiili'i' a .slcaim r iti.i.i s n';;iil.ir lri|is. 'I'lii' tduii lies tmrllnvt'st of ilic aiirlnii'aj;i' ami lia.-< liin'otiic a ]ilari' iif iiii|ii(itaiirf. Tiifn' ur .■^ix liiiiiiliril Id .■-rvt'ii liiiiiili'i'il iiilialiilaiil.s. anil aliiiiil I\m) tlioii.saiiil in the niiiiitv. .Miiili ul ihr ailjaciMil ciiiuitrv is riiliiv ali'il. ami att iiiiiDcii.si' aiiKiiint of .slock is i-aiscij. Soiillica.siwaril iroiii tin' lown rotntm iicc llii' ilctarlii'il ili-|io.sils of aiiiifrroils sainl ami :;ia\i'l wliirli air tmiml lii'inc mutliuanl In llii' ('iH|iiilli' Kixi'i. Tlicsc sands wiri' formrilv uuikiil mar ("ri'scciit Cilv. liilt this imiiisl r\ IS iiiiu aiiaiii loliril. In 177."". lioili'^a. tin' roiiimamli'r of iln' si'linomi' r'tliiiilml or Smir-ii, niailo llm lami in l.in imli' II ."ill' on till' Sih 111 .Itiiii' ulii'ii it'ini iiiiiu iVoiii till' mil tliwaiil. In H I" lie t iioU |nissrs>iii|i of the ciiiuiti V anil uavi' to it tlio iiamc I'.l I'm rio tli' Ins llin I li' sa\ s llic iiailmr is nil, front wimis of llii' fmil'lli, lifsl, ami pari nl llii' smmil ami lliinl qtiailraiils li\ tin' \ri\v lii;;li lulls iiiml It. .Mllion::ii lit' iiiriitioiis liiuli loi'Uv islets do SI' Illl'Ifl Ipof niiiv altos inoliti's] wiiirli siiir tin'slioii' in IJ nil' 111' iloi's iiiii K'li'i to tin' tlannit s ot tin' Dianoii itocks or ('icsccni <'ii\ |;iii. Ill llif \ii,\ani' ol ilir .Vi(/i7 ami Mi.iiiniKu in I71I'J, Point Saint (li'oi'nc is fairly wi'll laid dimn. tin- HM'f ami d.iii;.'i'is H'|iii'si'nti'il. and iiidcnlalioiis to iinlii'ali' thi' stri'ains cnti't'inn at ami iln'iii till alioii of Cicsi'riil Cilv. I'lirlll^ii If lalls Cii'Mrnt ('ii\ llailmr tin' '• It.iv of San Schaslian. '1 A fliait of Crcst'i'iit Cilv Ilailior was piililislnd in l.S.Mi; and in l'"s7.-> a cliait I'liilnaiiiiL; iln harlior and tlio lM'a;:on lirrftotln' ui'si noiihwisl. Til' l'iiri,l\ lo I'lllaniook r>a,\ , and limn < ii.i'.'s II II lui; III Cape 1 litli It is a f.iel \mI1 kmiwn to botanists and to liiinliei ineti tli.it llie ;;in\vlli • f the ( '.lllfiil Ilia ledwoiiil ceases jiisi mn I h of I lie C.ililoiiii.i lioundarv line, ami pmlialily luiwnii C.ipe> I'ei lelii and .'^cliasliaii ; and there ate mi saw nulls ciitlinn the tiinlier except I wild, t )n the aliiive leeoiinaissaiices the redwood lo^s and In of redwood ti 1 i he v'lii! li ees Wile 1. ii|, aloiin ihe whole of the noiihern shores, and were well known to I dians and settlers. Knl-,' 1 Ions and I lees li.nl all eadv Ueeii Ion ml on the lieaehes liet ween Til' inink ami ilie Colninliia K \ir. The sliore I'linn ( iia.\ 's llailiiii to Cape I'laltei.v was niaiked In ledwnod Ions well known In llir Indians, ll w as w aniiii,:; lo liace the Inns almin the weslei n slinie nl' \'aiicini\er Islami. T!i - was done diiiiiin the ,\ear Isis.s^ -iiid tlie.\ weie fniiml as far mnlli as Cape Scot., in hil::iiiin "itP (ti'.aml their properties aie well known to all the Indian trilies. in the .same \eai ilri'i 'le lonml on the Cliini-sa'-ai'i I'eniii-n Wales Island, Alaska, liet Ween .M 111 mil ."i I III'. Iia\iii" drilled not les.n than einht hiindied miles to Ihe norlhwan T le mn\ eliietil nl W tei d VI III the not I liwesi w aid almin and | 1 past the si inies nl \ ill cniiM r Islami is Well illiislialed liy the dlill nl the liaik Minin ./. .Sinilli Inr two linmlied ami ^'iv iiiili's : and the di ill of pari of the w leek of the SI. Sh iilii ii. that liiiimlered olV I-'latlei \ llnel ~ .i ISsii, and was easi ashnie alinlil lalilmie ."ili . Si\ ('nhlinliia Kixer Ininys lie lielween ' I'.niiilla and Cape Clink. .M,ili,\ olln r pronis lia\e lieeli ^.itheicd, but need linl be eiiilitn i i n. Ohjy one need be liteiitioned to llidicale I he M'loeily ot' I his eddy em lent : to the west \\ ai . "I I'ninl I'lniiilla was Imind .i Cnliiinbia Ki\ei' seine, with the name of the eanners allaehed, ,iii i ii'i' lish still haiinin;,' in the ineslie: It miisi ha\e been earried one hiindivd and lil'l\ miles in I'oiM ,s.\i.\f (ii;(ii;iiH fi t For three ami mie third miles In the west mitlhwesl from Crcseciil City Lit^Iil-lioiise ll d loibiddi as| bite stletehes to Imin I'ninl Saint (ieorne. 'Ihe shore line is model.ili but rot.'k\, and buidi'icd by ii'i-fs and foul nrouiid out to tlu' line of rock\ i.slets which lie ni' I I'Acinfr ciiAsr i-ilot. .).) I J ,1 Miiccof llircc i|ii.uli'rs (if II niilo. OlVtlic wcsiciiinmst pint of tlic poiiit tlic (Iniijrcrs nrc imt ,|.,: . Ml liiroiil, KMcliiiif^ onlv li:ilr ii inili' to the wcsl luulliuc-;! ; Wut tlir ;;i('al S;iiiil (Icorjif's llccf III |ii;i;:i I'aliioni lines ami call ies I'loni nine anil a i|i|artei' to loiirteeii ami a hail t'athonis ot water iiM I varialile liciliini, iimI»\, line ;;ieeii saml. liiolieii shells, enai'se uiavel, \elliiu mini, anil saml. liii' point ilselt is (piite low, Willi several iiieyiilar ami inekv liilloeks on the iiniiiediale slnnc- hi. . leaehinn' one linmlieil ami lilt y six feel in liei;;ht,aml several hij;li. roek.v i.>lels close iimler II. mil one l.\ in;i I wo I liinls ot a mile oil' shore to the soiiihw aril. The point is nearly one mile in r.\M it northwest ami southeast. \\ iili saml dunes and lowland imniediately liehind it, and the I'm. ^1 lieis alioiit live ei;^lillis ot a mile to the northeast, am! with a tew tices Just inside the si.niliiaslei n extiemity. The xavvaid lace ot llie one hnmlied and lil'ty six tei't clill', named j'li.iniiiitoi V l.'oek, at the sii.iie line is iieail.s vertical, as it the halt of a round hill had been cut llie fullowiii'' are the rocks nit the shoie line liet ween ("reseeiit ("itv I.i;;ht and Point Saint (;n.iL:e: * III 1(1 II r \y liilv liiiik, — This rock is alioni one hiimlred and twenty \ aids in extent, and it is !i;i.iiieil to he alioiil sixlv led lii;;li. As seen troiii seaward il yenerall.v ap|iears ot a whitish- \,il..u color. Il lii's li\eei^;lillis of a mile olV the shore and one and one (|iiaiter miles south M\. iil.v ei;;ht dcy;recs west (.S. Ts \V.) I'roiii the l.ij;hl house. There is a smaller lock alioiit one- iliihl lit a mile III the east liy sonlh troiii it, wilh ei^lit tallioinsot water around the latter, ('lose ii;ii|.i ilie wcsl end ot Tiird li'ock are three small rocks. .\ll around this rock and tor a ijiiartcr I'l ,1 nil' Ic iiisliiire the ilepih raiiL:es lioni ci;^lil and a ijiiailci lo ten talhoms ot water. The round, let close inshore alireasi ol I'.iid liock is I'leslnn's Island, and a ipiarler ot a mile I'loiii the ui'>| eai 1 ot I'.iiil l.'oek towards I'lcslon's Isl.iml there is a sunken rock wiih twelve I'eel ol'uali il ami SIX and a halt t.itlioins i.\\' water inside ot il. \' es^cls may jiass close under the sea cl side ot llird liock when iniiiiiiiL; (or or Icav iiii; ( 'rcscciit ('it\ l!av. I'lisllr llmk. — This is a la ru'' rocUv islei one i nailer ot a mill' in Iciil^IIi northeast and soiiih- \v-\. lull incL;iilar in oiilline. The siiiiMiiil iie.ir the .■Miiithuot end is two hiimlied and ei;;ht ir.'i iliiiM' Ihe uatci. Il lies three ipiaiteis ot a mile olV Ihe >liore, luo and one third miles miiili .•i,lit\ tour ilc-iees west (N. .SP W.) I'rom tlii' I,i;;lil house and one and a halt miles south tliirt.\ cs east (.S. .KP !■;.) I'roiii the iiorthern part ot Point Saint (icorjic. 'i'liere is no deep water ot II. I III a Inoacl area ot visilile ami sniiUcn rucks w itii pahlies lA' kt Ip n achiiii; iiorthe.isl- .I..I A .hi to llie liore. I'or oiiC'tliiid ot a mile sonlhcasi w .inl on ai lo lllslilc Ihe line lo I>| rd It iliiic are several visihle and siinUcii rocks, and iheiii'e a line ol visiiile rocks towards Preston"; d. liiil immedialelv iimlei I he sonlheasi side ol Castle Itock, and on ihe sonlh. we: and iiiliwcsi t.ices, Hie depth ol water is nine to ten t.ilhon r haul sand ami ii nW\ liol Ion This lockv islet is a f^ood mark tor vessels passiii;^ lhiuii;;h the SainI (lcor;:('s Clianiiel eillier Ihn.' llie northwest or soiitlica>l, and they mav |ia.ss ipiiic close to il. I'liiiil hlvf, only one ipmi ter ol a mile olV the smii hei ii pari ot Point Saint ( leoi ue. is a rocky ' i«(i liiimlrcil vaids in ieiiLiili cast and west, aiiil iisiiif; oy a ^^ladiial s llcilii the east to ' liinidieil led al Ihe west, w liere il dlnps olV almost vertically. Il lies near the limit ol the (III. e t.ilhom line St I dell I n^ li oni Ihe point, ami has less than two tat lioms ot water close under its «"iiil,»esl aii^^le; lull within sixty y.irds outside ot this tlieic is a depth ot live lo six I'aliionisot "iiiT, w illi j^iadnai increase to nine talhonis in a ipiai Icr ot a mile. 'VwukiiiiLiii niil..\ close loud her 111 iwo hnmlied and lilly vaids sonlh sonlhwesi (,S.SW.) troin this soiilhwest anj;le ot the islet, li''«.'\cr, and inst oiiNide ot the line Ironi the uesiciii exl rciiiil.v (it Castle IJock to lirow ii h'ock 'Mil .1 iiiiie West liol I liu est Imni PoillI Saiiil (leoii;ci. I'oinl Islet lies two and lliiee ipiai Icrs miles north seventy live dcyrecs west ( N. 7."> W'.i t'loin llie l.ii:lit house and on the line and neatly niidwav lidweeii C.isile Itock and Ihe malhwesl pari 'iMiil Saint (ieoij^e. Il is a ^ood mark tor ;;oiii>\\ w.ilcr. Till II" ot il IS onlv one linmlrcd and twenty live yards loni:. Imi ii rises to one liiimlred and (itly- -i\lii't aliiive the sea, and with its while trout is a iiolalile nlijcd. I'oiil ;;ioiiiid slrdclii's one I!" I ot .1 mile Hillside of It to three falhoms. Il lies three eiuhlhs ol amilcliom the northern ' \ i' iiiitv ot PoillI Saiiil (icor.uc, and liveeii'liths ot a mile troin its sonlhcasi limit. llli i I W'i •!n,( \ H ■ * ' *■ 1 1 ■ t }u % ww\ i'lil? .1, rACII'IC CnAsr I'll.or. nr)ij I \ -live IrrI i rriilil.irr,! I' llllllili'i'il IIIIIMI'l'ii|> It' is siiiiii' II Slri'h !lrs iillt' I'i'r' III f'tls III llll' i liai'I'inu >i N. :;: 'A o\' ll ;■{ rl. Slll\l\ Is I'd. Ill till' ';i1hi (Ic S.iii lit' siciiiiii'r-i bill il i> III till' lll'illrl t r,l 1m-i;;1iI. ^'||^tll\^c•^i lllill"^ llMl'lll I ( irol^i'. Ill I'M'c'iil I ■ :|\ mill ill t »o I'U'l \i\ "lie I' .loll, llll. Ill I'lf ai'' ' >ii (III llir I ,lM r III' uikIiIIi' ttiiiii dl' ill)' ih',s('ri)iiii.ii ij,'llt I'ltllcMII mIiIi' Iii'I tiiiii asi!.' l;...l,. row 11 I.' "■!>. Siai' i'ml; Ir ai'iiiiiil .1 ii'i al'i.'.isi lllil'il lMlr>. ' ll(llillWl>l t'nnii a |i"^i I laiiL'i' " lili I (N. •'■ W.. llll' - :;iii- .saiiii .'"ail. Tlir IiimIi'sI uiitiT dm tills liiM' is iiliii' ami iiiir i|ii,irlrrt'allii)iii.s wlii'ii limwii llnrk IsaliMMst alicani. 'i'.i I III til tlK^soMllivNai'il tliroii;;li tills rliatiiicl liiiii^ tlio Ndi'I Invest Si'al Kni'k In lirar MDiilliWfst liy vvi . (SW. Ii.\ NV.) ami I'.niw ii linci*, I'oiiit Isirl, ami Castli- Iiui'ii alimisl In iiiii', Itraiiii;,' sontliciiHt, |ii!i .siiiilii (SI''. A S.), ami .siiowiiij; jii>t I'liMi' of I'lmit Saint ( ii'iir;;i'. h'tmii tills |iiisii Imi rim tlui (((■|insllc •■iiiirsi', or Hoiillicast liy south (SK. liy S.) to tlic t'oiinrr pniiit: of «lc|iarliii'('. If tlu^ nr illii'i' is lliii'lc till' cliaimcl .sliiiiilil iiol Im iisi'il ; lint if olijiTts ai'o visiliic at oiif iiiili' distaiico till' lii't'alo'is or tlio of tlio rliaiiiirl can iii^ st'cii. At siirli ilinrs niilravni' to iimKi' Castle* UiM'k ami l.si'l I', Ml ki'i p well under Tapes I''crrclo ami Scliastian. Thf Ih-iiijon CIkiiiiiiI lies lutwcen tlic outer line of visilile roek.s and sunken daiifjcr.s formed li\ II. I' Nmliiwest and Soulliwcst Seal It liie (ileal I'realv, tiie .^Iallslielll llieak, and tlie .lona- lli.iii Itock on tlie western side; and tiie lar<;e middle area of \'lsili|e rocks and daii^icrs lioiiuded I'.ast K and reef on the iioith, Whale Itnck on tiio west, and Star Ifoek oil the Koiitli. I!c- twn II Whale Ifoek, oil the east side of '.his clianmd, and .lonatiiau I'ock and the (ireat llreak, both siiiii,.'n rucks, oii the west .si.le, tin- channel is oiii* and one tifth miles w ide and the wliole leii;;th 1,'^-; ilian I wo miles. I''i'iiiii tiie posii ion wliere the mutlii'in ciIlic of I'.iid Itock is in raiise ^vitll ill. l.;-hl-liouse, and Star llnck and lirown Iimlv are in raiij;e, beariii;: iinitheast t wo thirds north are III raiij;e, lieanii;: no (NK. -; .N'.). the fair-wa\ course tiiioiiiri tiie channel is miithnoi'tliwi'Si (N'XW.i, and this coiirso le continued iiniil tiie Northwest Seal If abiaiii, at four and lliiee iniarters miles from llll' lIll'.IMI ■-laitiiij,' point, 'flic least water on this line is ten I'allioms when the Sunt Invest Seal Ifoek is 'I'iiis ciiaiincl IS heie described itiit not recoininemled, and a shl|i-master can haidivin ili^r it unless the weallier is clear am! the swell siitlicienl to cause breaks on all tiie dan;;i'i's. .Vt the iiest Very little, call lie ;:aiiied b,\ il. Till' visibleand Niinken d.in;,'crs constitiitiii;,' tiie ."saint l of the (laii;,'ei's of the Saint (;. .11 l;i''s I feet', and lies nine a ml three eif;lil lis miles inirih .se\ eiitytiuird.'izrces west (N. T-P W.) Iroiii 111.' ( 'icscciit City I.i.ulitlioiise, and six and tiircc-ci^hliis miles noiii scveiitv six dej;rees west (N. Til ' \\'.) Ill nil I'loinoiitoiy Itock mi I'nliil Saint < iiur;,'!'. It is one hum 1 red and seven yards ImiLj I 1-1 and west, by seveiity-eij,'ht yards mntii and soiilh, and wis til'i.N I'liiir tect hiiiii. I'poii this ■Saint W.) til nil Crescent City Iil;;iillioiise, fuiir and three qua ilers miles iiorlli ei;;hly- ihi. e dcj;i'ces west (N.K'i'W.) from I'liiminitory Ifoek, and one and tliieei|iiai'lers miles soiilh lili.\ ■-i\ deforces oast (S. oil I'"..) from the Norllnvest Seal Ifoek. It is aluiiit one hundred and M\I.\ .\ arils in exteat and fortv live fee; above the sea. It pii'seiiis a brown and yellowish ai)pear- .111.1', and iis sei-n from the v icinity of the ■lonathan Itock, is rather tlat on top with two sliuiit |iiii:i .siilr. wiiei'c heavy breaks are seen at low water alioiit one hundred to one iiiindrcd and twcnt.v-tive >:ii'N iiom thu rock. It is reported that there is a led;,'e ilme iiiimlri'd \aids farther otl'tiiau the ;ili..\.. breaks and on the same line from the rock. i'loiii this rocii AN'liaie Itock on tiie east side of the l)ra;;on Clianiiel Iiears south seventy st side Is at the apparent east end. The rock has deep water aioiind it except iiinler the southwcsi ili'Ki'i'S east (S. Td ' I'..) distant one and seven ci^litiis the "(Meal lireak." on III 111 ih.' same elianncl, soiitii lil'ty two deiiices east (S. .">L' M.) distant half a mile; tiie ."\Iansticld ill. ik soiitii nine decrees west (S. '.I ' W.) distant a little over tiirec qiiailers ol' a mile; and tiie •hm iilian Ifoek south twenty nine dejjrees east (S. L'iP I'..) distant one and a half uiiies. 'fipr I I ;;r. \ I'Acll'ir coamT pilot. iM MW Till' liiiiioiii ariiitiid tins nick is irn';;iilai', ran;;iii^ Ikiiii iiiiii'to tliiit.v t'oiii' fatlioiiis in h !i ,i iiiilf. jti't'p Miiiiiiliii;;^ art-, tlifrcrori', iiu iiiiliratiiiii orsiit'i>'. Till "tinul Hiiiil,." — 'I'liiH is an cxIcn.siM" Itrcak ot' oih- liniitlrcd ami (illv .vaitls hall'.i : .ilr 8011II1 lil'tvlwo (li'Ki't'fS VA>\ (S. ."»•_' I'l.) (Vnin till' Soiilliwi'st Seal liocK, It lias twt'lvo lallmnn t'liisc ill oiiiiil it. it lii'H on tlio wt'st HiU*^ tif tli(> Dragon ('iiannci. Thr Miinstield Pttiiih. — This liicak lias an cxtiiit of over one iMnulrctl .vanls. It lies li.iir.i mill- .>.onlii iiiiii' (li';jrr<'S wi'.sl (S. !P \V.) IVom tlii> Soiitliwcst Seal jjock. Tlirrr is a ili'|iili i>i Ivvcntv t'ailionis floso Hi'oiiiiil it anil o\ 11..11I1, wt'si, ami south. Thf •hiiiiilhiiii li'ork. — This is a vit.v tri'at'horoiis Hitiikon rock, liccaiisc it Inraks onl,\ in a mi\ lai};i' swill, ami thru not coiitinuouslN . It liis 0110 ami a halt' miles sonili Iwrnt.v nim> ili';:in's «'ast (S. J'.i ' !■;.) Iidiii tlio Soiithwfst Seal J{ock anil six ami scveiifijjhllis miles north ei;^lit\M .n soiitli t'oity liiiir ile;,'rei's east (.S. tr I',.) ilistaiit three ami one eiy;htli miles. It has |i\e t.. 1,11 falhiuns close aiouml it, liiit at two iiiimlieil ami li ft y ,v arils the depth is twenty live to iLiin I'allioMis of water over dark-^ray sand. It is claimed that in calm weather the watif m ilii' viciiiily of the rock clian;;es suddenly from a deep liliie to a lli;lit f,'i'eeii on the reef. It forms tiie soiill eml of the outer reel', and llio southwest ;ioiiit of theeiitr Hire u n\ nra;.^)!! Channel. I' loin this rock Whale Jvock, on the east sidu of that channel, hears iiorlli 1 .six decrees east (N. .'ifi'^ K.) distant one and one ipiarter miles. It is supposed that iijion this rock the steam .sliip I'liollur Jonatlnin was totally \NrecKr,! 11 the year l>i(i7. Tlir hiiiir Uiff — Till' Slur liork. — This rock lies at the sontlierniiiost point of tlm Inmi- llni, and is ihcrel'ore the ilividiii;; |iiiint lietween the Saint (teoi;,'e's < hannel on the east ami the I'l.itjdii < lianni'l on the west of this {;ioup of visiltle and sunken loeks. It is a sliar|i poi tiled pyi.iuiiiliil rock, sixty tour feet hi^li. with an extent of alioiit one linmlred yards noilli and south. Ii Ins twenty fathoms of water close around it over liotloin of daik Kieeii sand. Il lies four ainl iiir third miles ninth rij;lilylive dei^rees west (N. S.i'= \V.) from Cieseeiit City la^ht house, r.i^il, l.'oek is oil this line two miles eastward licuii the Star llock, and these, I wo rocks form the e.isi and West points of the soiitliern entrance to the Saint (ieni';;e's Channel. On account of its di^i.iiirc from the Li},'lit-honse i( is locally called the l-'oiir iiiilu Hock. From it the rromontoiy Itucl, liin> 11011I1 sixty four de^'rees east (N. til' 1!.) distant one and three ijiiarters miles, and Urown K'nck, at the northeast point of the channel, north thirty ei^'ht decrees east ^^'. .'iS ' !•;.) il islam one .inl ,1 If mile: .Star Kock lies \ery nearly on the line of Mump KocK, Whale K'ock, Southwest and Noill luc.^t Seal K'ocI, Ivs, on a jiemral mulh sixty three ile;crees west (N. (i.i ' \V.) coiiise. Iiiuiijir. — It is ii'ported that in llie deep water noilh of .Star i;ock,at six hundred vard- iii.iil (N.) I'riim it, lies a sunken rock with six to ei;,'lit feet of water iijion it. The rock is said i" lii\' a steep face to the noitheijsl and a slope to the southwest. A depth of ei;;lit fathoms is laid .Imwi in this spot on the chart. Jlintijiur lluiiijiliiirl: lunh. — This is a small rock, twenty two feet hi;:li, lyiuj; near the -niilli point of the liimr K'lef. It is on the line of the Noithwest and Southwest Seal Kocks, \\ li.ili' K'ock, and St;ir Hock, and lies live eij;litlis of a mile north sixty liM' de;;iees west (N'. U. Ii the laltir. There is deep water close around it — ten falhoms on the mirth and sexeiilnii In twenty fathoms on the other sides; the liotlom is luokeii shells and ;;iay sand. It lies I'cin iumI seven ei;,'hths miles noitli ei;.di|y t w o debtees west (N. .sj ^ \V.) from (!rescent City l.i.uhl Iimu^i, the line passing' over the eastern part of Caslle l.'ock; and (roiii I'roinontory IJock il lieai- "li'ii seventy seven de;,'rees west (.S. 77''' \V.) distant two and one eighth miles. /'((////( /•. — .V sunken rock, liare at extieme low fide, is reported threeci^jhths of a mil ii' liy east one third east (N. liy K. >^ 11.) from lliimp Itock. The exact iiosilion lias not liien mii'i iiiimil, hut as il is towards the niiihlle of the Inner Iteef no vessel will lie there except iii -mii' ;;reat eiMeit,'iiicy. There is a depth of ei;;lileeii falhoms all around this assi;jiied ]iositioii. ]\'liale llixl. — This is the middle one of the line «if visible rocks from tlm Northwc-' Si:il I'ock to Star l.'ock. It is the extrei lie Western ro if the Inner IJeef, and tlierefoi e IS llii' eastern side of the l)raf,'on Channel. The rock is alioiit lil'ty yards in extent and ei;;hi' - t''' high, the l.'ighest jiait heing towiird.s th« sonlheast. The tlejith of watur uround it is tea l.i iins i^ TACII If CIIASI' I'll.ur. 3-)5 iiiiir.i I. nil' Ivi' i,\t Ihiiiis licH ll ill .1 II l|l'|llll III I till- ll'lllll, il\ in ;i Ml) line ili't;i('c» •l;;lit.V>>iM'li i> Mtiilli'.v.inl DcK it ll' ll'- I livr I'l nil M- Id IIiiiI\ Mitel' III till' Irilliee ll 'Ic s iml'lli MM lllller Url'l, ll tlie |)|.l(;iill 'll |i\r,iiiiiil.il until, ll Ins I'liiir ami mn'' iinse. <',i>tlr CoMll till- 1. 1^1 ll' its (li«:.iiiii' y llticli lull" r.lDWli leirl-:, lilt line .1 III ,. 'Inve't tieal l!(ielv. Ilieie is deeii ualel' — eleven to IweJM' ratlHiins — lietweeii this rock and 1: |;ii('k, liiilf a mile to tho iiorlheastwartl, ami rioni ten to tweiits I'athotns helweeii litis rock ,ih lliiiii|i Uoek, to the Noiilheiistwiiril. Whale IJoek lies three miles hoiitli slxt.v-foiir de^n't's east (S. Ol" I',.] iVom tho Nortliwest Sciil lliii !,, or Saiiif (iiMtrye's l.'eel' IJ^Iil house; one aii 1 II eighths miles iiurtli seventy ■ei;,'lit (le;:iees west (N. 7s \\ .) I'linii Creseeiil City l,i;;lit-hoiise. I'loiii this roek the dangerous .loiiathaii Koek lies one ami one'(|iiartei' iiiile.'t south iil'ty-live i|i';;iii'S west (S. 05 ' \\'.). When a vessel to the southwest ward liiis Whale Koek, Flat Koek, and l.iiii:: Koek ill line, ami at the same time lliiiii|i Koek is mi with rioniontory Koek, shu is only a ,|ii,ii III' ol' a iniltM'ast southeast (I'^Sl''..) ol' llie. .lonathiiii Koek. I lie iiorthwi'st lino of the Inner Keef Hlretelu'S from Whale Hock oiii' and oiie(|narter miles iiniili twi'iitysix decrees tasl (N. L'fi E.) to the hiw, daii;;eious reef of Masl Koek, passing over .Mii--i'l li'oek with its solitary lireaker Iwn Inimlied yards In the iiiiith, \liisstl li'ork. — This is a sli.'jhtly pyiiimidal roek as seen I'roiii the snnthwest. It is on the north- «i";| side of the inner Keel', nearly halfway helwi-eii Whale Koek and Kiist Koek. It rises «i'u nieeii feet above the sea and has deep water elose arinind it. A depth of thirteen fathoms is .'iMii eliisc under its south side, with irre;;nliir lioltom tarlliei' to the southeast. Two hundred ^.llli^ iiiiilli liy west {N. liy W.) from this roek is a tuilitarij brink, with twelve fathoms of water li'» III, III two hundred yards farther to the northwest. Mussel Koek lies nearly three ami li\ e ei;jh!lis inilessonlh seventy six de;:rees east (S. TIP I'].) [iHiii Northwest Seal Koek (Saint (ieori^c's Keef J,i},'ht house) on the line In I'roinonloiy li'oek and 1 three-iiiiarters miles from the latter. It is three ipiaiteis of a mile muili twenty-four lUll 1 1 11 ili'-iii's east (N. L'l !•;.) from Whale Koek. /•'i(.s7 /I'oiA'and livf. — This is the norihein point of the Inner Ktei'. It is a very small, low, mil liliick roek suiroimded I>y lireakers nearly two hundinl yards in extent. It is the mutliwest liiiiit of thoeiitianee to the Saint (leiune's ("lianml, and il is inarked liy a eoiistant breaker, it lii'S luo and live-ei^rhths miles north sixty-six «lenrees west (N. (!i» W.ifrom I'roinontory Koek, .mil lliree and three-qnarters miles south ei;,'lity t wo de;;i'ees east (S. Sl' I'^.i fioin Northwest Seal i;iirl. (Saint (leoipi's Keef l,i};lit house). The depth of water arnund the roek is ten f.itlioms at Irtii liiimlredand lifty to three hundred yards, with roeky bottom. It is in line with Mussel l{oeU and Wliiile Koek to the southwest; and with Loii^' Koek, SiiiiKi II KiH'k, and Star Koek to the south-southeast. Mussel Koek is half a mile distant and l.uiiu b'lM'k less than half il mile. Liiiiij Uiiil. — This IS really twd rocks elose tojjether and eoxeriii;: an area one hiimlred yards III iliiiiiietei, with breakers on the .southeast and west sides. Tlie\ show llattopped and rise only lliiili I'll leet above the sea. There is foul t;roiiml to the east nortlieiist. where a deptli of four liilliiiiiis is found two hundred yards distant, ami ay:ain at four lniinlicd yards liom the roek on ilic >.iiiii' lieaiiii};. :ii.' roek s one of those formini; the western side of the Saint (leor^'e s ('haniiel and lies less I 111 iKilf a mile south twenty li\e de^^iees east (S. L'.'i V..) Iiniii \v<\ Kasi K ilid Keel. A ^uiil.fii (•()(•/,•, breakiiiu' oiil\ at ater. lies tlin'e liiiiiilied ami litly yards In the north- iiiiilliHi'si of I,oiij^ KiK'k, iiearh' on tlie line to l''asl K Tliere is deep water aioillii' this break. \iiiillier siiiiheii nxk is laid dow n four hundred yards sonlheast \>\ v:i>\ (SK. l>y K.) from Loiij; kill Is. 'l'liei'(^ is also deep water uroiiiid this diin};er. l-'iiil /I'oc/,.— This roek is inside the limits of the liiuer Keef. ll lies nearly midway between fiiiiu l.'ock and Whale l.'ock. and live ei^hllis of a mile north forty-live dej^iees east (N.-trPK.) lii'iii ilii' latter. It is ten feel lii;;li, and there is deep water around it. .\ sidiLfii rmk, visible at extreme low tide.s, lies on the line pa.ssiii- llirnii;;li i';asi Kni'k, Lonj; liiii i ,.;iiid Star lioek, and midway between the extremes, ll is wiiliiu the eastern liiiit of the i 1 b'i'i'f. There is deep water over roeky bnttom elose arounil il. from Whale l!i ek it bear.- IIIUlll •nty seven dejrrees east (X. 77^ \'..) a little over a mile distant ; and Iroiii Star K iiiiiili tueiitysix dei;rees west (N. LMi ' W .) one mile distant. \ Hill her ,shh/,('/i (■(>('/, IS reported in the reef a ipiiiiler of a mile I'loiii the last meiitio led sunken nil k. This rock is said to bo visibh^ in the lioUow of the large swells. The eliart gives a depth M ! ifi f'lii /^>''' ■^j": I'At'inc (<>.\>r I'li.ttr. I 11 i ! '!•' Mi m M, 'iii^ Hi it nixtt'cii tatliimis within K'ss tliaii lilrv \,iii <\ till' 1I>SI i;iu'(l iiositioii, wliicli is llircc (|iiail< I -.III' ii mill' iiortli seventy nine (li'j;ii'is casl (N.TII' I'..) 1111111 Wliale iJock, and li\ c ci^hllis ni' north st'V I 11 |> i:oel A sinihiu ;()(7,', haxiii;; only live feet of water niioii it, is ie|i(iil((l in the lonl j;roiniil ,mi ilir western .side oi' the Sai ' t ieor;4e'.s i'liannel at its niirrowe.-: (larl, innnedialely alueasi ol' |:m,ai' Hoc);, \\ tiii'li is oil tlie easU'rn sidi' ol' the eiianiiel. 'I'jje jireliininarv exaniiMal mn of the in 1 !i,ul sliown an extent ot' oneqnaiti'r of a ni'ie, ha\in^ luni|is in it u tli h's.s than six and e\ ci; !'\i> I'ailioins ol' wati'r. This live feet roeli reoniled in tins !i iKfii jironni 1. IM ii's one ;iiii| Ii ■ii'liths miles \ve>t . W'.l of 1' lilt ii\ 1; I'oiiii Siiiiil (ii'nr;;e, and nearl\' smncii a mile iiotUi bv ea; •t (N. i)V I"..) from Star lloek. It i''s one ami one ei ililli inileH soiit 1 six: I. HUM de^'rees west (S. (ill ' \V,i fis than that distaiiee. 'I'lie reef witii slmal w aler is said to lie oiu> hundred and lifty_\ards luui;; th ■re aie IiiiiiU, llll direct ion iif lliMv. n \\illi less than six fatlioms l.vin^^two hnmired and lifly ,\ ards I'roni i loiek. I 111 till' 'I'ho foiei;oiii- details deseiihe all tlif known visible loeks and all llie k now n and re|ilii|iv tradin.i . 01 ,iii anToiiialie w histliiiL; i'uoy jilaeed abreast and to the westward of Chase's Led^c, as an aid to liml I lie anihoia^:e ; ami to have a Imox pland on the v\ estei n side of the Saint <;eor};(-'s Chan ml ihmt the last ilesei ibid re[iiirted sunken fork !\ in^' one and one ei^hl li miles soiilli west by \Msl, iM- u i,v, iViiiii Ilr-iwii I; H'k, on the casii-in if th(> same eliannel. The l.i"iil lioiisi- now in emii-rol instrnetion on the Northwest Seal Jtoek will he furnished vitliaKteam toy; si;;nal, and wi!l,\\| It'll eomnleli'd, lie all that eon Id be desired to warn na\ i'Moils of the dan;:erons loealit v .n the oati i' reel'; but thea ds To safe tia\i''alion aimxe ncnmmeialed are needed now . ami \\ ill bi' ii' ■ '!i'i e\eli when this l.i;:hl -iioiise is eoinpleted, ouiiii; to its ^reat. distance frulii tl filed. t^AiM' {iKe. it will be ii | iron a IT sea coast la;:lil el ilii- liist orderol' tliesvsiemof I'ic>iiel, and willslnnv from sunset to s\\\\i\tn'. iillcrnnti' rfl mi'l iihih till iiiiuc nil Jhixht's lit i)itrrr(ti's i>f Jifti 1 n si co/i./s. 'I'he focal |ilane w ill be one li mid red and lil'ty feet mean lev el of the sea. ami tlie lajlit w 11! illniiiinaie tlie entire lioii/on : it should Ixr seen, in fivnr altlo t'oiiditions of wcaiher from a In k.hi ol- I,"i ti-i'i .-o a ilishoii <■ la' I-.. ilr I'itI at .■! iliNlaiii I- of la,- null' III I.M-i r.i :i ili^laii- i.ii llll 111 .-i ili>l;iii if -M. ill' .(■ ■.'■.' 'I mill' The ,i.'eo-n jiiiieal jiosil ion of the rock njion wlin l.iirhl house is beiii"' creeled. mined b\ tlie oasl and ( icnilil le Sllivev, is l..iuiii(ic . I.iiiiKiiiiili' ()i, 111 tin' I J I I • .'• mil 111. II Wisl. 1; " ;;ii' ;t. In ,1ani!:!r\ . l''<^."', the ma'-nctie . i.rialinn wis Ii' HU' east, and il increases I'.'J \carl\ . 1' Noll h V s| ,^cal j; OCK, o r the Sailii ( ieiil;:i''> ii'ecf I a;;ll I , w e ha > c I he fiijliiw :l, . In. 11 in,i;saii;i distances to im|i()rtaiit |io ni,- Wlii.Hlliiiu I! 1.1, Mil I ill Cioii' M.iiilii (11 .Mi'lliliirlliu l.lLrill'Ill W iii-.lli..^ liuoy •iiniiiiiiliiililt l!ai 'rniinlaii lliiil I.l''li!-liiiiiw' S. 1. \: s I- 1; S. M I. s. :!', V. KiiMiii- i;..rK - . Cnsci','! <'ity l,|i.;lilliiiiisr . .. Siiiilliwi'Mt Slid K'nik, Saail iaii>UMiiiMiiniro«»ti»ii.»»»».i».i PACII'K CiiAsr I'll.OT. .'557 .\j iwt'iifN live iiiilfs tlio cdn.-sc lu I"(i\ Ii'ock pusses only twi) iiiiil a lialf miles oittsiilu Mack's .\l,ii; :iliil llie ('i)liise to Caiie Ollnril iiiulil Jiasses tln'oii^li lIojiMe l;i\er K'eel'. 'J he lMn(\l'iiU Jdf I'tiiiit ,'<(iiiil (lid);/,. — Wlieii a vessel is ill the lain ikIc <)t I'oiiil Saint (Icorfi'e iliiiv ;iiii)ea''H ■' lai^jc ana oi' iiiixieiaiely low jaml Iteliiml that imiiit, anil also lor some distaiieu to ;he iiniih\\..i'il anil soul h waul. I''ai'lher iiihiiiil lise the rniinilin^' anil ^eiiei ally womleil iiioiiiitaiiis I'lihiiiiiiilinu' ill ('(ipjiir ,l/ll»»^l/H, twenty four lnniilieil ami titty I'eet. nml .1/'V,'/V7i. t weiityse\-eii liiih'lM'l ami lil'ty I'eet aliove the sea. Kiit aliove these, ami lai'tliei' inland, a ^ical roeliy raiij;e, ,,1 iiiitaiiis comes Ironi the northeast ami ciilmiiiates about twenty live miles east of Crescent ( i; .. i'liis is the Siskiyou i',iii;;e, and the highest rocky siiinniil thefeof is I'l-eslmi I'l'dk, n-M'hlUi^ M'M II tlioiisaiiil and t w imiIn ei;;lit leet cleval ion and lyiiif,' t uciil.x eiulit ami a half miles north ,,i\i\ I \M) de;;rees east ( V. (I'J I'.Hroiii I'oint Saint (ie(ii';,'e. It is visible at a distaiicii of over mill i\ iiiilis. It is ill iatiliiije II .M' north, lonj;iludi' IL'.'S ' :J7.]' west. Ijulit miles to tlio north- Hii'l of this peak is a secoml sharp, I'oeky siininiit reai'hin;,' live thousand ei;^lit hiiiidred and lliiiu feet, wliieh is named N.), but tlieie may lia\c bciii some loei.l dexiatiini of liic ship's compass. It is possib](> iliai ilie mountain may be seen from other points to the northwaicl of that beaiiii;;-, but not to the sniilliw ,nd. It can be seen from a \ es>el onl\ w hen it is on the direct course between (ape Orford iiinl I'apc Mcndoeliio and Irom six to ten miles off tiiose capes. Ilie limit of visibility of .Mount Sli.i-.ia falls aboiii ten miles outside o!" this course when in the lalilmleol" roint Saint Cicoritc M iiMii .Simula lii'S iiiiietv two miles nori h el-lii\ two decrees east |N, .SU ^ 1'..) from I'oint Saint (i. ■•! .1 , It 1 iscs to foil rl cell thousand four liiindlei! and IoiIn feet alio\ i- the sea. and is \ isibh; at a iIi^i.iiMc of one hnmlred and thirt.\ ci^iiit miles. I' is in lalilinle II Jl' L'ti" north, loiif^itude Il.'ll'-' 11 l> west, li is the lil;:liest inountaiii in C.iliforni.i. It has been reported I hat n\ cry d islam miou peak has 1 ice ii seen to the southeast w aid tliriili;,di liicik^ III the nioiinlains bet wceii Koos r.a.\ ami the I ' mpipi.ih. If this is the case ,i maybe |iu>>!lile thai Mount Mcliaiiuhlin i Mount I'ill i has been seen. Mount Shasta, from that latitude, iMMlld be far below the liol l/.on. e\ cii if t here Were no ilitelA eiillii: ele\ at Ions to hide it. Oil the rni III general coast charts of the I'acllic coast, issued b\ the I . S. ('nasi and (iemlelic .'survey, :il! ilicM' ^Tcat jicaks of the Sierra Nevada ami liie Cascade li'anuc lia\'e been iiil roibicrd with llii'ir lieij;llts. Miuimtii- \'iu-i{neti(t variation of ninetecii deurecs east jiassed thiiiiijrh siiiil (;e(ir;:e"s li'eel' ill ilaiiiiais. 1 SS.'i, niid w here il reached t he coastiliie. In latilmie II ."i.!'. about -;\ iiiiles norili ot' I'niiii .SmIiiI (leoi^e, ii \\as deilccicd well lo t he iioi I hw aid, bein^ appaiciit ly ,illii|ri| by the mass ol the Siski_\oii l;aii;;e. I. A I line of C.il ill Mil I.I and ( )ic^oii. ^llc 1 1 cm I of I he coast line is nm I li by wc>>, and I hen it -»iii;;siiiil to the West liolthwcst for ci;;lil and tvuilllilds miles to Cape i'.'llclo, passlii;; the iiii'Mihs of .Smith's I'iver, the Wiiichnk. and ilie Clietko. Cape I'eiielo. at the end of this broken '■ . IniiMsthe liist |iroiiiliieiil hcaill.iiid inilhucsl ol I'oini .S.inii t o'iulic, and ll is iiiiielceii and "111 iliiid miles lioith thlilN two dc-ices West ^^. .'.J W.) thcielrom. This lar.i.;e bi-hl, em iir;iiiii;; the waters between roint !>aint Ci ori;c, the Niirlhwe.st Seal b'oek, and Cape l-'errclo. Is r'licaii lla\ : it is partly In Caiiloi ni.i ;im| pai ll\ in » >re^on. I'loiii Ilie NorlhwesI Seal Itock Ciipc I'ciielo Icaisnollli fourteen dcLilces west (N. II' W.) '!i '.1111 sisieeii miles; this nive.s a total breadth of se\cii and a half miles to the I'.a.s, abreast of :i"i m * M.iiir., i; I'ACIIIC CdAST ril.OT. Tf mm' '!?i :-l!l Tlic (li ptli ofwalrr dn llit> line IVoiii Nuitliwcst iSt-.il Uock to ("aiic I'diclo is :iImiiiI llmi , in, t';llliii|iis (i\ rr I'll,!' j;r,iy s.iml ;inil l>liU' liiilil. Tlic s()iiii(lili;,'s iiicrcasc (|iiili' j;i;i(lii;ill.\ I'miiii I:,,i|\ lallioiiis iirar the rmk tor live or six inilcs, aiil' the l>iL,dit tlieic is a depi li of eit;lil I'atliiinrs at one mile IVomi I lie !.r.i,.li near Siniiii's K'uer; 'ueJM' t'atliniMs at two niiUs; ei;:lileen t'allioins at tliree miles; t\',eiii\ I'atlioi.is at tonr miles ; i w enty I'oiir t'atlioms at li\e miles; and I wiail v nim' ralliiiins at six iii;li>, ilK 'I'liere are no Uleal Imdies ol' kel|i aloiii; 1 lie slioli lull several siiuill palelies exrst. |ini (ilV the Wiiiehuk Itiver and tlieliee to>vards ( 'hetko Aneliora;;e. There is alwavs a laru'e swell rolling' on the sand beach north of I'oint S:'iiil (leor; •swell is iisnalls ((iiilo lai^e as tar in .is ihe < heiko. The northwest wimls Mow iliieeilv o\ei' this hay and into ihe broad, low \.ille\ liii.iiijl, I hieli Siiiitli's Kiver eonies. lull a .sailinu \ fssel e.in \ei\ readily work to windwaid in tin 'I'liere are im daii^rt'is exeeiit those tiarlicai hilly ineiitioiied in the deseri|it ions ot'Siiiitli\ 1; W lliennl i;i\ er, and < hetko A iiihor. I is Ol il\ aliie.ist liie reeedinj;' shore at the Wim liiik lliatan> daii^rt'is extend inoii'than a in local loll. lid these are di'seiihed nn a|iplied to it in the Coast Survey reconiiaissanee of Is.'iO. I'lii sliori-liiir Hill third I li nl' I'nint Siiiiit (imiiic is a hai}^ slrai;;ht line ol' sand ilii broad sand beach for ten miles to P\rainid I'oint, foniiin;; the luathern head of ihe n lOllI .1 ill Smith's l!i\er. At ! w o and tliree-(|iiar!ers miles tlie .south part «\' Lake Talaw a is iea( In.! ; he Ihe lal lireaks iliron;^li till- s.iiid bi'acli diiriiiL;' the w inter freshets. Hehiiid this lake, and neelee to Smith's L'iver iheslmle |iresellts I he same dl earv appe.ir.ince, relie\eil fore.sts inside. )V/»i7/('.v Itirry. — l-'rnm the N'orthui si .SimI Koek to ihe noiih point of Smilh's Lneie the beariii;: is north tliill> demei s east iliiarter iiiih's noiih seven dmiees wi N. .<(! I'., and the distance ten miles. It is li n and ^t iN. 7 \\ . I lioiii I'oint Saint ( ooiiie, f us line iiiiitiiiij; parallel wiih the IhmcIi an lere "'\ el a mile llieieflulii. .\ Hallow . hev sand .-.pit, o\e! .1 mill ill leii;:lh, forms the south Jim 111 of Sniiili"s liivci , with low lands bcMuid I he ri\ la . ,M I 1m- laiif of the lirst sni \ ey the math |iiiiiit was also low and sandy .tnd onei|iiarter of a mile lnii;:. W hM' it Joined the fast land to the lioi ih th'-lc are rock\ cliiVs, w i!h a hi^h ]i.\iainidal hill jii^I and a lii;;li inid^y islet oiii^nle. Siibvei|neiii ly the river (ipeiieil a ehaimel close under the in ■ ml IS low \ir for a third of a mile, and ^;elitly lisii to tell hundred and foi i\ li'ct ai elilf. I'lehilid the mutli point the la rises r.ipidly, with an open, urassv, »'i;;htli 'lilies from the shore. This j:iassy .slope rises to a rid;^e, and on the iioilli sidi- ei iidj;c but )nthei n shipi llie ver\ d i-nse pill e forests w Inch come dow II to w ilhiii oiiethinl ol a iiiile of tie clinii-. The iiioiilli of Smith's Liver was two hundred and t vv.nlv !i\ e \ards w ide at the I urn w' tin il d It on;;iiial snrvi'X i l.srj i, ami it wasneaiiv t vv ice as wiile inside, w il h sev.rai brai braneir W i li.vdii'.-iaphie sni vev was in.ide in 1^7 I. the inoiitli was close under the t.isl land and h.id n of water in il. with deeiier w.iter in the cli.innel W^y half .i mile up when the chaiiiiel w.i- out into a broad, sho.il stream. 'J'iie iiollli point IS maiked bv ,| lii^li lockv islet, lonr liniidled vaids lli extelil .Hid •• died and ei;;hty sev en feel above the Water, l.v iiij; about two hnnd.ed and lilt.v .vardsi- shore, it has a secondary head on tiie noiihwcst slope. Il is c, died I'lmn l.slnirl. Tin elilV, forty fei^i liiuli. at the moiiih ol ihe livei, li les east I hiee i|narters .south (L. ( S. - ihwesl jiail of I'linee Lsl.ind. One ipl.llter ol a mile liollh o , doiibl e lieailnl, o lie 1 iiiidii u and liflv yards in Is in extent ,11 nl on half il mile, fiiun I he son Islaml lies lliililel'- L'oek, and ei!.dil\ two feel hi;.'li. I''orly > aids inside tl,,. |iiiiiit is a rocky hut te, i> now ii as I'v i.inni nsiii;^ above the plain to an elevation of two hundred and forty leet. ILilf a mile iioi Ih • I t-g I i IJ ' ' ■ i^lM H I f *T^. Xllll tlllll ', w Is I'l ! 1 ; . I,\ lalhoiii- i>;i< ml ; lit ;;!, .III') Voiii llic !. I' ' Illllcs ; 1 s ;il MX 1 .. |>I. |iniic t'i>rm', nil' v.illcs llll. ;i_ * 1 . ;i\iT rlKi 1 l:i ' s ti II aii.l III' 1 line iiiii .11- It. liM'I ., -'• At llh ., ,, lull-. W ■ :'■ ill Jll-.! !■. and ! M III! tint- .1 ifii 'Ill- h ,>lilf t.l i ti f 1 . . Mil- II' 1 nil' .s. W ;,' liai! Ion: :.,: v\ uas -I'l ■ .hi a hil " nil- ) rACIKlC COAsr IMI,()T. 359 iiiih '1110 Imiidn'd anil forty .viinls in.sliMic iiisil at tlic point of tlit' low tiiiilici', tlit-r*' is aiiotlicr iiu' iilc iat;^'<'nt.si'.'i' of rrinco I.slainl, f\c('i>t a doso cluNtiTof ilii I- Itiw nirks cnihraccd within an area of one hnmlrt'd yards and liaviii;; seven feet of water all ai.'iiiitl. This <'liister of roi-ks lies exactly south (S.) one and oneteiilh miles from rrinee Islaml, aiiti 1^ llii'iefore nine tenths of a mile liroad olf the low beach to tiie eastward. Onetliird of a iii'l. 'ilV the lieaeli, and almost two miles south of tiie i-ocky clitl at the month of the river, there 1. ,ii"i-U nineteen (eel I'.liove the water and twinty yards in extent. Il has three and a ipiarter l;iili"iiis of water clo.se arii>:!iii it, Iml il shoals ipiickly hence to the lieacli. ( Ml the stretch of .sand lieach tVom I'oint Saint (li-ortje In Smith's lliver the soundings are i|in'' ii--jiilar. The tliicc fatliniii curve is nearly one tliiid of a mile I'luiii the iieacli ; at one mile ihtii IS a depth (if trine fatlioins over line daikyray sand; at two iiilcs, llft(>en fatlitims over il.ii' i^iay sand and mcks; at lliiee miles, iiiiieieeii ratlnims iiver similar Imttoni : at I'oiii- miles, tu':i;> t v\() lalhoms o\er lock and sand; and al li\i' miles, t wcntysix fathoms with hottoni of lint .1.1' iv «ia,s .>aiid. riic ;j(.o;,'raphical position of the summit of I'tince Island is: l.iiiiiiitlt' .11 l.iiii|;iliiili' (III' nt.rtli. l-.'l li! (i: ' wi-sl. 'I'lie siiininit of i'yramid Untie is north se\eiity-onc def^rees east (N. 7P K.) eight hundred il -ixtvsix vards tiniii Pi iiice Island. Mill Ill's llivei- lises in the northwesl llatik of the Siskivoii Mountains, and althou;{i| the -lit torks are widely diverneiit. the j;em.ral »;ourse is west, lie Smith's Itiver of former maps and de.scriiitions is a myth ■^t pMi *'.! ,1 JK ■jy h i! im I J. i ' ^'^^i t oin^iGox. THE COAST OF OREGON. Tilt' ctviiiolouv of tilt' iiaiiic ()i(';:iiii li:is not ln'cn i-atist'actorily cxpliiiiuMl. It is liit liiiit;itiiil(', ;uid iiiciitii)ii> tlii' iiaiiic liiit lliiti' tiiiH's. in llif lollowinj; niaiiiii i : I In •• i;i\iT J)iiunii. cr rlif Iv'ivi'i (illlic \Vi .'■1, tliat Talis into tin' I'acilic < Jcfan a I I lie Si rails iil' Aiiiii.in : ' tl On-uDM. (ii ilic li'ivcidl Ilic Wcsi," III' stall's tliat ItuliiTt Wliitwortli. in ITTi di'si.;iiril Ih pa 1 sue tilt' saiiif ritiitf liavcr^id liv liini^flt "t.ll liaviiij; disii)\ cicd the soiiici' i)t'llif( )iiu;')n. ui Him i of tlic Ui'st, on tlif oilici ^idc of till' --iiiiiMiil (if till' lands that divide tlir watfi's wliii'h iiin i-ii., till' Ciulf III' M.Aifd liiiiii tiioM' that fall iiil.i tin- Tafilic <'rfan, lit' wuiild lia\i' sailfd dcu n -i • ri\i'i to till' place w liiTi' it is said to t'niply itself in llie Straits of Aniiian." Tins is the exiriii r\ Ills inforniatiiui on the sniiiei't. and was ili liwd from Indians and tradei>. The I'liaiHlaiA line hetuein the Stales of Caliliirnia and On';;on is the jiarallel ol I- •■••r], latitnde fioni the rieilie Ocean to the laie hmidicd and twentieth nu'iidian west from (livinv ;, i On the c(ia>t thi- paiailel ot' lalilinle is Jnst one iiiiarter of a milt' south of the north pom! "' 'i month ol the V/'iiehnix ; and two tliiids of a mile tn the northward of the parallel is ihr lasi nl the inshore riiel<\ laittes. oih' hundred and sixty three feel l!i;^li. The two Ixiuiidary lilas rcpn- senliii^ the parallel ol' IJ'. and inn ,it dillerenl dates, aie one mile aiiarl Th< CiKist t(, Chilko liinr. I'loin Prince Islaial. olf SmiiliV liixfi, to the north poinl ni 'Im Clietho i;i\er. Iheconise is noi:li tolty three deerees west : N. I'i W'.K and the distance I^M \i- and onetifth miles. 'I'he I'oUst.line lecedes one and olu>-i|narter miles to the eastw.iid"' :' hiilles w hn h i ise alinnsi pneipitouslv aliovcllic !• elevations iit iiiie hiinilreil and Iloit.\ t" one hn"dieil and seventv feet, a lid are um fid as lain: : .ii^s liehind the narrow plains the Krass> liilK use rapidly within three iiuarleis of a mile i 'Wi twelve hnildll'd leet. wInn ihe pine and d. •idllolls l.-irsls lM';;in. At two and a half miles Irom Sintirs L'lMt tins linnli-rin- phiiii tii mesa i.s broken I' tiiijr, ^'lassv ridf.'i', which comes tlown tu the w itei. Tlrs ml^e Msf> t«t loiii hnmlred a:- feel in liiiif a liiilc, when the pine l-uests lici^m .\t tliree imUs is tin- err(irK««.*(s|\ locatci "•>''-' daiy lieiween ('alifdinia and Oreyon. Wiiiiliiil. U'li-ir. — W 'hlee alula hall ;Mi.-~ Irom Smith's Kr. er, lh;rlo'tn ilid i li north eleven dejjrifs west (N. 1 1 W.jfnm l'i"ji« Siiuit (ieor-e anil "m.-^v .m.l om- tin.' .ai ■ Ilolth scMlllien tleiilees e.isf ( N. IT I-'.) t'lolii Nitrlli west S'id kfH'k, »» Ih- Hioilih ol :i a- lil stre. nil called ih,. \\ inclink l.'nei . liavin;; half a mile tit li.w sand «Iuim'h "rt; llii' 'imlh side -I ll i' iiioiil li. a lid cultivated, risiiin irmnnd o" ihe fioith side. .\ -iiori d'^s, iii'i' in, il is boideied ' I'H..' :ii)ii rAciiic; coAsr imi.ot. 361 . .1 H Ii|->1 1111';; ;olllic Al!~-i~ IC llillfl) llill, IIIIIIIIHI 1 I llr > III' Alilii.iii : " I ilfsinii.ii I,. i-;^i)li. Ill 1;;\ I I liii'h iini lilt" led (li/Wtl lii.i: till' CaIcHI I'l i ot I.' •■•■I'i, III ( iliTirv nL 1 pmilt nl 111, is 111!' IllM III ■y lines ri|.i. 1 |niint III '111 ilMlirf !v'.i.\i' •iw.iril III I'li- .1 lii'iii I'-'i.' mllUr--' -^'M Ol lli\^ llllMi' ■il. 'ri.,- i.r.i 111!' |ll;ll!.S ||i IS hiiiiliiiarks. mill' In liiti UiMi !■ 'il ;iliii I',' oriltoil lliillll II- llli l| III .1 insiiore is tlic soiilheastein of three iii'Iicea lih' niciiy Imttes lyinj; in line nearly east hy soiitli ( tii tiie siioi't line of tlie coast al)ovc desi'iihed, and directly oil' the Winehnk entrance, tliere .11, srveial onllyinj^ ildiiijcrs, as follows: Ciiiir li'dcL', seventy feet hij;li and seventy yaids in extent, lies one and one lliird miles north luriil.v li\e (h'j;rees west (N. L'."> ' W.) from the peak of i'riiice Island, otV Sniiih's Itiver. It is a lillle more than half a mile froin the shore and has se\en I'atlioiiisor waler all around it; the llace l.ilhoin curve lies seven hundred yards inside ol' it. One huiidied and lil'l.v ,\ai(is from ("one h'lM'K, and nearly on the sami^ liearin;; from I'liiiee Island, there is a small, low rock, wliicli has li\i'|osi.\ lathoniHot waler around it. .Near Cone Ifoi'k there arc lira minhin hkLs. The outer one lies four liiindred yiivds north si'Vriily three 7 ■ W.), distant one and one-ihird miles tidiii Cone Hock, and south twcntysix dc;;recs west (S.'Jti'-' \V.), distant one ami one ipiarter miles, iiniii the north point of the Wincliuk entrance. This rock has twelve feet of water upon il and lime fatlioins of water close around it, e\cepl to the west -soul Invest, where another ninil.tn mclc is ill hi dou n a limit one iiiindred yards < list a lit. fins is (he oiitciiiiost known sunken dan;:er, and it lies one and mie tliinl miles Irom the iiiaiest sliiiie. It is not marked hy kelp, hut a small Held lies half a mile inside of it in the iliiei lion of the W'lnchiik «'liliaiiee. .\ siiKill risihlc rmk lies almost three and one third miles iioilli fort.v one dejiiecs west (N. 1 1 "• W.) tiiiiii riiiice Island and one and one thud miles smilh si\i.\ two deureesuesl (.S. (J'i^ \V.) frmii liii' iiiiilh point of W'liichiik entrance. It marks the outer end of fmil ;;ri>iind slretchiii;;: all the* \\A\ III shore in a north liy «'ast direction, and marked hy a narrow tield of kelp the entire distance. NiMils a Ipiarter of a mile inside ol this rock lii'iwecn them, hut nearer the outer one, lies ,i lies aiiolher diinhle. xisilil* rock in the kelp, and ■iiiiiken rock, hare at the lowest tides. A siiiihrii roch lies almost one ipiarter of a mile fioin the oiitii inosi of these \ isihie rocks and iliicctly on the line to I'rini e Island. It li.is twelve faihoins ol water iiiiiiiediately around il, and is not marked hy kelp. It lies almost a mile tioiii the nearest shore. Inside of thest' daiij^ei.s is very foiil ^iioiind, with \ isilile and sunken rocks, marked hy kelp III siiiiie places. Ill heatiiiiMii> aloii'' this shore no vessel shonlil stand in closer than one and a half miles ai's nntliin;; to the southward of fiiiiii --hore when ahreast t)ic Wlnelnik, or until riiiiee Islam siiuiheast (SH ). ■flic indications of the sand lieaehes siait h ot' Ihe Wine link, and the expel le nee of parties hence Im Mack's .\rch, point to the existence ot an inshore ciiri'cnt niakiii;; to the northwestward. 'I'he Indian name, Wincliuk, means women. Their name of this stream is Neh'saw. ( Ml iMi i:i\i;i; and .\.\(iiliipe at the easiein end ot' .nis hi nil and .just west of the iiH'Kth of the river, sixty feel aho\e the water and one hundred and weiity yanls inside the heach, lliel-e is il lar^re while house, which is a j;oiiil l.iiidinark. and will lie retcried to in the foUowili;; M'liplion of the anchorat,'e and the dangers therein. Il as .Miller's House. Mi ^i5 'iti 1 (tT '1 \ V 1 i: •■\ ■** Hi] M ! :i. il 4' :!"■■' if w 'i >' .1 ! ,-^ rtii I ^ ') (f'f^r II r PACIFIC COASI' I'll.oT. 3fi3 (lii.us; lilU'lx \,i:.N ifilis (A.irll^ It, lies .\\\f\i\ rorlv IS iii)l\ ll\\;i,\s ii- 1, li li';;rc('s H.>| lr;;lr('.s ur.-l Id tllC tM>I- oi iwchf fiitlioms witliiii a (inartvior ii mile si mi t Invest rmiii it. It is uiaikcd liy kflp on the II,. ilmcst side. I'"r()iii tliis rock Clictko I'oiiif licet' iicais iiortli scviMitN six (I(';;rc('s west, \ Ti; W.), distant out' and a iiall' miles ; and .Miller's House lieais noiih tliirty nine detjiees «, -I , \. ,'{'.P \V.), distant one and one (inaitef miles. I'.et ween tliis rock and the slioi(\ are many , I! 1 r siiidu'ii locks and dan;,'ers, with small iialclics of kelp. Two other «»»/i('H ;()(7,.s' ii|ion which the sea lireaks, and hitlieito iinkiiown, lie respectively s,ii;ili thirty decrees east (S. ;i(P I'.), distant three (|iiarters of a mile; and south thirty dej^iecH I (■; >.S, .UP !•;.), distant half .1 mile from the wliile house. .-^leam vessels aiiiiiiiachin;,' Clielko .Anchora;;!' from the sonliiward should keep iml less than a 'hile otf shore until Miller's House liears north liy west (N. li.\ W .), when a course can lie made |,.i I with liar Kock in i;ni;,'e. Do not luin^Mlie hoii>e lo liear aii\ I liiiiu west ot' I liis ciuirse w hen II a mile ol th(^ aiielioiaL'e. Anchor in seven fathoms, with Cliclko Point llccf heaiiii"' west In nil Ih (\V. hy S). N'es.scls from tlu^ westward can round the \Valrus llocks. or Clielko roiiil licet, at one ci;;lith ,l . mile ill se\eii to nine fathoms of water, and steer east liy iioilli (K. liy N.) until .Milhr's Mouse tiiMis mirth l>y west (N. liy W.) ; then anchor. There are no tields of kelp in this eove ; some few ti itiiii;;' patches lie in the foul i^nuind to the d, as aliove dcscrilieee descri|itioii of sunken locks otV the NN'iiichiik.) Oil' Chetko l'oint,iii a southwest direction, tlio soiiiidiii;:s are very rej;iilar. .\ depth ot' nine- hill r;;llioiiis o\ cr line, dark i;rav sand is found at one mile; twciitvtwo fathoms over liin', dark- ,i|.pii pA\ Sllll unit' d and rock at two miles; Iwcnivlive fathoms at three miles ; tliiit\oiie fathoms at four ■r tine, dark uray sand; and thirtv t'i^ht fathoms at liv e miles, over line, 'Tav saiii 1 and I'liii' liilld. The inoiith of the Chetko L'iver varies in width aecordiii;; to the \olume of water; sometimes It IS sixty yards wide, with a loot of water on the liar at low water. .\t other times it is clo.sed iilhiucllicr liy the heavy ;;iavcl licacli, which was the c.indiiioii in winch wc found it in .Vnuiist, IS ..'1. The river inside has a ;^eiicral w idth ol' two hundred \ aids, and cciiiics dnw 11 lut ween hanks (iiic liiiiidrcd and twenty Icct lii^li; heliiud the hanks the hills rise to six hundred or seven hundred In • III less than half a mile. The forests come down to the river hanks in iiiaiiv [ilaci's. \\ f landed directly on the north part of the j;ra\el hcach al the mouth of the river, hut the Ills! hoat landing i'' reported to he behiiitl the lai;;e rot ky islet ali'c ist the northernmost end of ilns hcach. 'i'lie j;cof;raphical position of the extremity ot Chetko Point is: Lai it mil' W il^i 111 . Koi,;;itilil.' l;;i 17 :!ii ^y. I ir, III iiiiii' IT'^^ lii-.fi. Ulilo-ii r-'ik cl\ .11. ...ml ilie de^h'O The ina;;iieti(; variation was P.r d'j' cast in •laniiarv, l.s,S."i, and increases I'.l.' annually. Tiilix. — The Corrected Ilslahlishmeiil, or a\erat.'e time lietweeii the moon's meridian passage ami I lie time of hi;;h water, is .\P' IP". Tl le mean rise and tall of the lidc is I'luiiaml live tenths till; and till' l,irt;cst rise and fall ohst-rved was live and nine tenths feet. The average duration 1.1 liic lisi' ol the tide is (>'' Ih"; and if the tall li Oil'", 'i'he times and heights of the tides tor each il i\ .lie nearly the same as those at '■ 'rcsccut Cil \ , for w liich the rule has alreailv lice 11 j; I veil. \\ lien a Vessel is otV the coast of Pelican l!a>, the \ alley of llie » lietko is very well liiarkcd ' Mil ill Ifny.y Weather, ami 1 lu' hi;^li, louiiiiin^, and hold Inait of < 'ape I'crrelo stands nut, w ilh the lil.ick, pyramidal rocks of .Mack's .\ich to the 1101 ihwaid, slu.w in- well Ipccaiisethe loii^ level riil;,'c iif hi^li sand (liiiies, bet ween the Arch and Pistol h'ivcr, ^;i\cs 'hem a whi;ish hack^round. .■sir l-'raiicis Krake approached the coast of < 'aliform. i on the. lid ol .Iiiiie, l."i7!t, about latitiido 1 iiid sailed — . :ji.i s laiiliii ( ,'111 llir s.Tini- l;ililii(li. ) iiiihl .hiiie .'., alii'ii llir wmils iliovr I li.. vrs.sil Uuvaiils lln' sliiire wliirli t.«t iJn-M'i iimI, dihI ancliort'il in a Ifiiy iniicli I'XjMi.si.it ht tlu' w iiuU anil Itiiv mill wlirii II ii'V iTasi il lIlM'li, slilikilii; l\ Ui it'll lull III 11^ liiil the w iml cniilil irimi\ r, a Mil lli:il v\ a.., al v\ a> > \ i.ilt il llnTi' iiislai.lly III. ' »(' course II mav be ipiesiioncd w liel her this bay wiis in the \ niiiity of Chetko or as far iiorlh Poll Or fold. Ncvcrlhelcss an examinalioii of the narrative, and of tin' 1 loud ins map of ].'i'.t.">, ues little or no (hmlii in the matter, especially as (he map has the fsaiiit (ieorue'.s Uoef laid '^wi [list under the latitude where he anchored. f /rflWt' 3fi4 I'ACll'IC COA.^r I'll. III'. 'rchciiKotV li;i.< till' Stiiclu (or Anow) UImv in liililmlc t'J'; fntni its (lircction mihI .;rhf.|;i| t(ili(i};rii|iliy it woiilil appear to lie I lie Clicikn. On Ilic < 'ua.^t Siirvcv rliails ol' 'i.s."i;> tiiis >iriMiii i^ iiiai'lu'd till' Illiiioi.s llivcr. that licini; ilic name applicil lo ii liv niini'is piuspcciiii;; IVoin <'ii-Miiit City, wiu'ica.s llic Illinnis Is llicsimlli liraiieli ol' l,'o;iiii' Iii\cr. On .>omu' iinips il is callril iin. C'liiiko, The Iiniiaiis uii this river are known as ilie Cliitkns or Clielko lanna'. CAPIC I'KRKF.I.O. U\ fi iU«' ITMl m This is ihc lirst |)|oininenl heaillanil noilhu^uil IVoni the I >ia;ion Itueks: Init it is nni ihc tailhcsr piiini seen lioin Ihi' Noiihwf-t Seal itoiU. I'lial is t'.ipe Si'ha.-.I ian, disiant t\M'iil\ iiiiji> ainl a hair null's. I'ldiii I'oinl Sainl ( leor^i' I In' Tail lii'-^l \ i.'~ilile point is al .Maek"s A i ili, l|l^I.lllI t«elit\ >e\ en inilcs. Tins liiilil ea|ie is ijic .■.(Piiilieasicni pail of a loni:. loiii.ilinL; shore niakini;' ei;;lil mill's |. III!' iioitliur>t iViiin the Chi'lko ; inn tin- cape propei- is i,nl\ lour ami a li.ilf m hs liuin ('Inlkn ruint, The shore eoiisi lie hall' a liiile o asol' hii;li. Iirokiii, imky elills, ^nanleil lis rocks ami r ' more tioin shoie. .MonL' llie shore are niaiiv sliarp Inil II' >\ i.>lel.>, Mime of \\ liit'ii ■•laiiijiii'' IS, ur liilloel asfiuarils alio\e the ;;eneral .■>lo|u's of the iiiiineiliate eoasl. There are notalily two of ilii.s.' .it tin cape. The seaward I'aees ol the hills are tireless, except in the ^niches; on the ri(l;;es, li.ill m three I pia 11 CIS of a mile in I, iiid. oaks ami pines aie I'm mil in i Icralds thick arc is. Tlioc liiil. >> hills ri.-e ti hundred feel and oNcr ; lichind llieiii are the lii;:her, wocded <'iiasi nioiiiil; l'"roin the Noiliiwest Seal l.'ock ('ap« I'errelo lieaisliollh llltcen dej^i'ces \M'sI (N. l.'i \\ . . dl>taiii sixiecii milo: amlliom roint Saiiil (icor;;e noitli tiiiri>oiie dei:rees woi (N..'il W... (lislanl niiieiccii miles. ( )ll' the roi'k\ shoic Iroin Clielkn I'oiiil are the roljowiiii.' islels, eii'.: a Kill' I hill mi lies (inl\ line 1 hiid ol' a mile noi ihwesl liy w est ( N \\". Iiy W.) I'lom Clictk'' rmiil and cjo.-c under tl Iti^iicailv I \M> hnndicd \ arils in cMeiil and .si\I \ rcclhi-li. Sunken rocks and Imil .LiiiHiiid cMcml Ileal 1\ li\ e hiimlred \ aids Id I lie .siiiilli xiiilliu ol tiom il. w illi in lie t'athoins of ualer elo.sc nmlcr a sunken leci There IS no kelp around t hoe la!id there is small imleiilal ion kmi\\ n a.> M.i.k iiiil ('o\ c. ii|ien lo t lie SOI nil. I' he w lilt h al I he ell I la lice is a I mill 1 hice hlllidreil ami lei I> \ all the depth as niiieh to ihe .sand licaclies es ra|iiili\ . (iiitlt Isldiiil lies iu.-l I\Mi miles liolthwol 1 ly «oI ( N W. li> \\.) I'lom ( 'llct ko rmiii . I; lli> live hnndrcd \ariis nlV .vhoie. is ilni'c linndled .\aiils in cMcnl,aml Iwoliiindred I'eel hi^ii. Il hears iiin ill nine iie;:ri wol , N. '.I W dlslant rmirlei ii mile-., lioln lioin Noll iwesi ,Sc,i i; has deep ualcr on lln .sunt livvoi and ucsl .sides. Inn ineks, a Muikcn imk, and a sixteen lei t -i.ii! two liiimlieil \aid.s .siniih ul the suiilhcistci n point. Kelp in small i|nantilies is ruiiml .ilmii! liioc dan;;ers; sc\en lathoms nl' water close outside ol' ihcm, wilh slriiiL's of twenty I'alhomsor water at six hiindied \ aids disiance I Ip iniiliin;: out mm loin the islam There is a deep \ alle\ opeiniii: jiist lieliimM loal Island, w illi a lii;;li inonmi, in the c.isl ImiiK. rising; one lnindled I'cel aimxe tlie;;eiieial li'\cl. There aie tliiec ur Imir locks islels, reach ill:; one linndled leel in height. I "'t u ecu ( mm I Kl.illil and ( 'ape rericlo. Tlie\ extend nearly hall a mile oillsule l he el ills, I ml lia\ e deep u alcl , li il 111 lil'tecn lalhoms. close aionml lliein and no kelp. i)ireeti\ olVllie cape lie scvcial small \ imMi- ;ks, the lailhesl lieiii;: almost a mile oil' the elilVs. Tl liiu . iliiiilile rock alioiil till ^ ill extent, and ha\in;.' iieail.s lucniy lalhoms ol' ualer close anniml il. and I'loni sixl t'atlioms ImIwccii it and the next mek inshore. cell |o ! \vr!w The IWii lal;;( , mckv islets, mi e liumlieil led hi;; li. hall' a mile snin jisniulieasl nl 1 1 .ipe, .iic uood lamlinaiks. They lie noil hiiorlheast and soiilli soiiihwcst Iroin eich other and ahoiil .mi' hiiiiilied and l\\eiit\ li\e >arils apail. There is pleiit\ ol' water around lliein, and loiir am' ':'■<■ la 1 1 11 nil s of w.iler hcl Ucen l lie slime and the I unci Islet. To ihe ucsluard ol' the cajic are two loekv islels, kimwn as the j'.arnacle l.'ocks, uvei ■ .a.v lect liiL:h. and l.siii^' mnih and soiiili from each other ne.uly two hnmlied \ aids apart. \ In" rock lies 111 the NMsIwaid iif the inncldlie. These I iiek s he u esl li\ mil I h i W . Ii\ N . i 1 II I ec (pi M leis of a mile fnnii the cape and 1 uol liads nf a mile off shuie. 'I'hes lia\c .i deplh of sixteen l.i'liniii.s of ualer aionml them and no kelp. w it is llol Ihr 1 l\M'll|\ :,!|||. Alcll, (llM.liil mill's I.I llir 'llc'ikil I'l.llil. IIIH' (if \v i:r!i ■K-. slilliilllu r Ihi'M' ,il III. il;^i'>, li.ill (II rilCSC ( Iccll ^^ ^l llllllllll.lllls. (N. I.'l W. . (N.;ti w.. I'IicIKm l'..:tit ,l;1i. Siiiiiv.'ii II. W illl llillc ;. I.N (•II In t \\r\\r lir iM|"\ .111' ;|liiiu; '.III- iiin ,11 • \i I mil. \ '■" ii'c (|ii li ;i i> nil l.l'll'P.lls r.\('inc coAsi' I'iMtT .Ml,') .\i (iiic iiiilf soiilli Miiilliwcsl tmiii llic ciipc tJM' (Icptli of wiitcr i.s I went \ (bur (htliimis oxer lilir. m ,i\ siiiid ; ;il lu(i iiiiii's, ihiilN !'• II ImIIidiiis over tine, (iMik j;iiiv siiiiii ; :it llircc miles, lliirt y- I i.iilioms, ;iriil lit luiii tiiiirs Iml \ scvrii iMlliiim.s, iimt liliic mini. II liiiikiitl liiis ;i il('|itli (i|ci;:lit\ liitlmiiis .so veil miles soul Invest liiiH. south (S\V. }, S.) IVoin the I lis |iii>iliiiii is ii|i|irii\iiii;iti'. riic ^i'iij;r;i|ihi(Ml iio.siiiiin (it (';i|ie Ferrclo Still ion, two huiidred mill twenty feet iiltove, the .11, ll uiit .1 iiiliiillril XMi'ds I'ldlii the sliiue, i.s: l.iiiiiiiili' I-.' hi;' !■:; .1. i.i.ii).Miiiili' iji ji i: .i;. Or. II.' liiiir - 17 \iiitliiri shranl /ruin Ciijir i'trriln tn Ciljii' Seliiistiaii the eo;isl is very lucky. The two eiipes nil liiil ililel \ i>ilile, lis ( Idiik's I'liilil luiiiccls licMiiiil llic direct lieiiril:;;. Clduk's I'oilil is the iiivi |iiiiiiiiiiciil point to (lie nml hw est Will ll nl Ciijie I''('rielii, iinil Ileitis IVoiii it ninth thirty .si.\ lii-ii IS West (N..l() ' W.), distil lit nine iiiid ii liiilf miles, (he line piissin:^ over (hree hundred yiird.s III I 111 c;i>I\v;ilil (it .Miiek's .Arch. The slioi'e line ret rents one mile to (he eilstWiird of (hilt lieiuillg, ;ilii.iil iiiiihMiN liil uecii the t WO ]i(iints. it liiis two iir three siii;ill iiideiidltiolis, w ilh I'eeCs lU'iir lliiiii. whieii help to toi Ml siiiiill iiiiiliiiis of retii;:e to vessels tluit eoiist close iiiider (he shore to ;i\iiiil the.stronu niiitliwi'>( winds mid hciivy swells. In^iilcdt (he liciiiiii;; to ('look's I'liint tlicie is n jiittinu. i nj;;.'eil clill. rroiii two iiniidrcil to Ihirr liiiiiilred t'eet in lieiuht, w il li ii Ironliine ot iiemlx one mile. IJehind it the tieeless, triple- In, nliii lull rises to .si'\ en hlinilleil mill ('i;;lil liiiiiilied t'eet. .\liii\ c (hilt lieiuhl I he forest l)ej;ili.s iiiil iiM'.> to the cii'si line. This point lies norlh thiily (le;:i,'es we.-.| (N..'lli' \\.) ( hree iind one- i{ll,il lei lliilo fldin ( 'iUie I'erielo. ll'//((/(".s' Html. -.\t twii iind one third miles I'loin Ciipe I'diclo, iind on the iiliovc liciii iiiu'', lio M\.i luckv Islets, one hundred iind (wcn(y t'ee( lii^li mid (hree liundicd iind lil'lv li\ two liiindre(l ill e.xteiit, to (he eiist w iird of w' ich is it slii;lil reeedinn' of the hold, rue ;\ sliole I hereby liilliilll'.; il slight plutect inn. The olllei' i.vlet is kiinw ii js Whille's llcild. T le eo\ (• IS iiliiiiit t WO- iiil> of il mile iii'iiiiil. inn thwi'.Ni iiinl soiithciisi, mid nemly Inilf ii mile deep tiiw.inls ilie north >l. 'i'lie ll "ee fiilhiiin ciii'M' eoiiies nciii Iv foni huiiilred viiidsoiil from tl le elills, iind there is >i'l|i ii'.i.int the shore or rocks i'\('e[it ii sniiill piitcli ciist of the inner rock iiinl in.vide the three- I'illllnlll lllll I'lie soiiiidiiit;s to the ciist mid soiithciist of (he outer i>lc( nre ciuhl hiliinii smiil. Tliele is ii sliiiill ;ii(7, (li« III. Ill the depdi is (wcntvtwo fiitlioiiis oxer line, diirk-jiiiiy siind. .\ Vessel iipptdilchiliy; Whille's lliiid < 'o\ (' from the soiithciist w ;iril inii-it bewiirt> of il siinill . lii>lcr of low locks, iind two siiiil.iii rml.s lyiiii; lictwceii the I'.iiriiiicle liocks ,;ilrciidy ilcserilied miller Ciipe I-'ericlo) iind Wlmle's ilciul. They iue nciirer the lliiiiiiicle Kocks. The siiiiken iiirks iire close lo;;('tlier, mid lie one mile sihiiIicmsI liiilf ciisf (SI".. \ ]•].} t'nnn W'hiile's Ijciid, with tell lailioiiis of water iiroiind thciii. Thcv iire just iiiilside the liinue of (he rocl^ iiw ii>li. iiliox'e ili-.NCi ilicd. mid (he west side ot' W'li, lie's liciiil. The low rocks lire il little insi(l(> of t hill rmi^e, mill line mid one si.\tli miles from W'hiile's Ilend. Tli"\ liinc deep wiiter mdiiiid thciii. Westwiird fidiii Whille's Mend to Crook's Point tlie sliore is very lock.v iiiid wild, mid the i.i(Ky islets l\in^ under it lire troiii sixty to one hundred mid iKteeii feet in elcMitioii. One of ilicsc rocky islets, over ci.iilitN feet in liciuht, has a pei pcndiciilar faee to ihe niirthwc.-.| mid slnp- iii'_' side to the sou(heiis(. w illi rock.-^ oil this side. It Ins close inslioic, I wo mid one third miles Miiillieastwiird iroin Mack's .\i(h mid ten miles I'lnm the ('hctko, follow iiij;' the line ot Ihe shore. ills known to the iiiiv i;;ators as ll Lriiiiini; Koi k." 'I'liice hundred .\ aid-N nml li iioi tliwest ii'-iii this rock is a lm;.;ci' mid liiL;li('i(ine elnser in shore, wiih iis shoief.ice pcipeiidiciilm and ii^ii lilllidleil mid folirleell tcet hii;li. flie 111' forests lieiiin to come down in the e(l;:e uf the clilVs. Iml on or near the crestlilie are ll.'l.ililr •11 areas iippiirciitly ;:r,iNN\ . Twn of I hese imlalile >pii|s are seei I liel w cell the Wliille's ll''..il and < 'rook's roinl ; the IIinI j^ K'nckv I'raiiie. nineteen hnndieil and tweiils lixctcct hi' iHnl iiiily one and one i|iim'tci' iiiiles fiuin slimi The see(m(l is (nie and (wd thirds miles north -I from (his, and rises (o nineteen hiiiidicil mid fortv -si \ eii feet in ime mid one (•i.uhlli miles lii'iii 111 e shore. u »■*' m M 366 I'ACIl'K" COAST PILOT. Hotwcon tlit'so clcvatioiis Mini llic slmrc the I.iinl is lirokni ;inil iiiiMiiitiiininis, imil lov . i,.,) witli tliii'k I'Drcsis mimI (li'iisc iiiiil('r;,'ri)\\lli. Hull' ii iiiilc oil' simrr iiltrciisi IIicm' I.iiii1iii:m K-- i'h iv is :i i()ck\ islfi. (mIIiiI \('1Iii\v K'ipcU. It is (•i;,'lil,v liHir I'l'i'l lij;;li, two Immlrcil .Minis in cMchi. .iml lias t'i>i lit ('I'll l';itlii)iiis (if wiitiT close iiiidcr its southwest race, ami (Iccp water lictwciii it aiin |||,> shore. Crool.'s I'ninl. -This is a inoileratel.v low, jiittiii;; point project iiif; one third ot n inili' In » [ the line joiiiiiij; ( ',ipe I'errelo ami ("ape Sebastian. It is noteil lor tiie iiiaiiv roeky i.sjets ;ii.miiii| it, ami I'or the e\teiisioii of a line of these islets lor one ami oiii'lialf miles lo the south, tci iinii.it inj;in the easily recoj^ni/ il i--lcl of M.iek's Arch. The e\tii'iiiiiy ot the iioiiit ilsell is imrrou, ami about one hiimlrcil ami tweniy feet ln.;li, with a sill, ill iiiiky luitte. I'lehiml this rocky Imlte there is a sli;;lit sa;;, ami then the Ireeli s. |n|| lie,i,'ins to 1 is.' aiiil soon liccoiiies densely wooded to the lii;ili crest line. Iininedialely aroiiinl llii' point is a cliisier of rocky isleis as hij;h as the jioinl iiself ; and some low rock>. coMimjr ^i, i,,,, of two liiiiidicd yards, lie seven liiimlred yards .south of the point, with six fatlioms of u.iici close around them, and even inside of lliem. There is no kelp otV this point; and at one mile the depth of water is twenty I'alhoin- .i\(.i line i:ray saml. ami at live miles the depth is seventy tatlioius over jireeii mud. On the norlhwest side of this point the sliiu'c ehanues to a stiai;.;lil lliree mile saml himl,. backed by sand dunes risin;,' to one hiimlred and sexenty feet in ele\aliou. A fireat depii --11111 in the coast moiintaius just iioilli of Crook's t'oint is also very marked. The t,'eo;;rapliical position ot' Crook's I'oiiit was determined by the V . S. Coast and ( i.Miiliiu Survey, and is as lollows : l,;i!ilii.li' Iv! l.'i (I'J II. Mill l,iiii;;ilMil.' Ot, ill lliii r.'i •.':. iKi C' IT 1(1". rt.-ii MACK S AKCII. This is an easily reeo^rni/ed lain I mark to \cssels that are not too far out at sea. It best « mi \ three miles iiiiiih lueiiiv tlii.e de;:rccs west (N. •j;!'' W'.i liom Noiihwe.-.t Seal liock : tucniv -i\ and a half miles innth tliiri> Iliiee de',.;ie.s west (N. .'>.'i W.) from I'oiiit Saint (mmuj^c; .i-iii miles north Iliiitv --eveii deur. ■it (N. 'ii NV.) from Cape I'eirel o ; and -is miles soiiili 1 \vi iii\ iiii't.'il nine decrees e.i>t (S. L'lt ' l^. j I'loin Cape Sebastian. It is a double headed rocky islet two In yards in cxteiil. ami the oiilei or ui sieiii head, rises to two linmired and twenty ci;:!!! lei t .Ji.'m the sea. The e; siei n head is a lillle lower, licithare very black nearly to the snmiiiits. v. ii. li are white, e\ Ideiitly from the deposits of sea birds. The arch, about forty feet in lii'i;;lil. 1- 1 ii. 1 the eastern |)eak, and is seen directly throu<;h froiii the southward. The islet lies one, iihl 1 i i!i miles south I weiilv nine def:rees east (S. '_'!! I'",.)lloln Cioidv's rri|i|. and is t he easlei 11 e\l ; . u l> ot I he lliii ty rocks ami ro. ky i-hts makin;; out 111 that direel ion irom ( 'look's I'oini. 1 1 In - ;l ija.ii leis of a mile liom the shore to the mui heastward. These rocks iaii;;e from .1 fe\\ aw.i-hi.i mie hillidled and eleven feel eli\ atii.li. I'lie s(Ult hw i slel niiiost one is foi I y four leel lii-li, 'I: t Weill \ lallioliis ot w ater aroiiml it, ami all aioillni I he outer ed;;e of the leef the deplli - !:• than tell fathoms. 'I'he main ^■llole inside this reef IS not so iock\ and piecipitoiis as to the >oiithea.s| v\ anl '"il t lie irceli s- lull- I i-e lapidlv in half a mile or more lo sever.il hiiiidied feet clexalimi .in.' be.oine uoiide.l. 7'Ar (//(i7.<. (■((\\ " iml w ai.l >idi- of '!. instead of passing to leew ai.| nl it and working: to iioi iliw ani i.. an .1 ! a;.'e. Near t he heai' of t he cove there is a patch (^f kelp in four fathoms of water, but li.i • ^ . siinkiH riirl. with only Iwo feet of water upon it in the noitheast ]iail of the kelp, thiee hi;. I and lil'iy y aicU Imiii I he shore but |ii>I out sale the I lii.e i.iihoiii line, ami an < iijltlii'ii l'i< t n two hiimlied yards soul h soiilheasl of that daiin«T. The laller has no kelp about il ami niter limit from the three fathom line. I'rom the two feel th e cNlremit \ of < 'n bears mu III fort y nine de^iices west iN. tH W. . dislaiil 1 luce qiiai lets of a mile, and the !i pall of Mack's Arch bears south seven de;,'iees east |,S. 7 1,.), distant I luce ipiai lers of a i: ■r <. (Mill r„\, 11,1 iiiIiii:mK- III, ,v ill <'\liiii. ,iii(| ■t'i'II it ;iiHi til,. ;i iiiilc \u v,,ii,| - I>ll'ts ,IIm;|||i| "illi. tciiniii.il Illy Ircl 1 i Ji. If llflli s -hill 'I.V iUdlliii till' • ■nii;^ ;iii .IllM mils ()| u .iln I'al Imiii^ iM'l (' Sllllll III H'il. ilf ilr|i|i - -lull illjli ( ii-iii (■111 nil Ml. 1 hrslu, ; iMciiis -l\ l'iir;,'c; ri ;•'■; mil li i . IVMi lllltli. ,1 III!,, ill :.i| II U'rf ii 11 llllllls. " f,'lit. 1^ -i .■ 1 II' .llhl ;l 1 ,iir Ml ('\1;. h liis;i 'rw M\v;i.'»fi III t lii-li, ll l> Ml'! Is! ujlii. ' 'li HI .lllli l\ '■II il\Ms| lliimi. Ill llh' II an .11.1 III h.r. . 1.1. 1. 1 . ' II HI 'l,t !■■ 1 aihl niiK'^ ' Ihr !.■ ll' a III. . . ..ujLm,ii,„^vii ■ !l 1*1 (.'. ■? w IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ■" lU 12.2 2.0 t US IL25 il.4 II U4 // .-^z ^ >. .^t^ <^^. ^ /^ Pilotographic SfJoiices Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTH.N.Y. M5M (716) t73-4S03 '^ i\ <^ ^. 4^ 6^ "^ I Tom ijijti .UKitf^^j,Mt.mt: > ;.'.|hllik"''^'' Mark's ArrI, |{,.of, NK. I.y N.. ir; ,„il..H. All hack liiilH i., cloii.U. Mack's Arcli, NK-iN., 13 miles. -Ml .*m jf^sb:. .iii ^.-' >,t. •«4lc(t. •*a8 foet. All h. Muck's Arcli, NIC. i N., i; iiiiiti». I I i I it !■(■ 1 ,1 « f f P l! : ' n U ( (#' ^-«^ i^ i i It 11* ru II i m ■ .;i ^^ f :i , t»^. it-i 1 1 'i? ■5 'i', '■.;•( ■ ^1 ii !!^^' i ■]'! T •1 . i' ,1 i Ii I. r fciii •••V??*, _ ;■•*■ •-^s*'. "!*.», "^. . , . ...-?-*"'^«'i?X, j.,---'"'««»„ ■'i^'<«i*^^^, '*******«m^. ,»*-«««*'*!(N?!V g^ ~..i5cSA „„.,'VM:"'h.i„/iP'i,'."'' '■■'■■ Cape Sebastian, N. i W., fi tnileii. .„.,^.,-,.-.-'".^^> • "j>sf • r'---:v ^•,>*" .^ ;i*i-»-.«"j^.t.*;A5,«h«*'' „•.<■■ .• ■•^. _ -i"^ '•*( /^;j* ^ Cape S«ba atian, N. '^"^ W., i^i n.ilea. Mack's Arob, 1& miles. 1^^\ , ■■',■'. ■ .'"^*' * '"■« ^„..--""'«>^, V. '''*'V«'V"»-- r4t. Mii.k'.- Anh. NT.. Iiy K J K.lt miicH. All the roast-liue in thick Int/.i'. ■■?SBm i''-' '• 11^ I III- ' 'I'l"^ '^" II- - • ''j"i_- iiT III III?! if ■■ II Mil — riim Mountiiiii, -.'.'jetl (fH. ( :» t ..<«-'' .,..•>"'■>»> •V, "•^tat^, '•S,,!, ^^iH*"**-' t/.v. H„ •«**„, 'Mlm^ f il.ii k'> All li, N'l:. liy i; I K.,11 I i«t. -.« ..; - •«• *«« -.^ um Cape Sebastian, N. -JO- \V., iiOj mil i>i„„ Mouniuiii, '.VJ*! fr.-t. PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. 3<;7 riic outer aiu^lioraRO is in six I'atlininH of water over tint' uray Hand, with tin* liit,'ln'st jmrt of M,i. I>'s Anil l)oariiiK sdiifli liy j'asf (8. l>,y I-'.), tiistaiit «'i(;!it liuiHlrol janis; and a rotiky islrt :,i\t\ iini' tiM't liinii iM'ars west (W.), distant live liiindred and llCty yards; lint tlie nearest visiUlo nil ^ lies insido of tlio lust ruck and three hundred and sixty yards west southwcHt from tliu uii- (■liiir.i;;e. I'd obtain ancboragn in Hmoothev water, a steamer miRht continue her enurse nortiiward tin 'iijii file |{'-lpaiid close under the in.ier Hi(hM»f the reef until the extremity of ('ro(»k's Point liiiis northwest one third west (N\V. ^ W.), and shows in line with the northeast side of the lii^;lii'sl islet (ime hundred and eleven feet) at the head of the cove. Am-horou this ranjje in four tiiilmiiis III water, with the seventy one feet islet in raufje with the tiftythree feet islet beyond and Im II 11^ sDutiiwest three ((uarters south (SW. 'i H.). In this position the one-hundred anil-eleven- I, . ' slit will be distant two hundred ami forty yards, and the seventy one feet islet two hundred ami lili.v yards. IJut no sailiiif? vessel should ever attempt to reach this inner anchorage, us there IS not riioin eiiou({h to ^et under way except under steam. flie soundings outside of Mack's Arch aiul reef, on a southwest course, have already been •:'.\. It was inimed by the Coast Survey in The geographical position of Mack's Arch is: l.atitiuli) 42' i:i' V iiortli. LlillKilllilr V>\ 21' l:l wlHt. Or, ill 1 1 nil- H" 17'" IIOMI. Tiilfn. — The Correctetl Establishment, or mean interval between the time of the moon's transit ami liie time of high water, is XI'' .'{.")'"; and the n\eaii rise and fall of the tide is four and seven- ttiiiliH feet. The tini' j and heights of the tides are very nearly the same as those for Crescent I i!\ or Port Orford. I'istol Hirer. — Fron- Mack's Arch to Cape Sebastian the course is north twenty-nine degrees ui -I (N. l.".P W.) and the distanci' six miles, the line passing tangent to Crook's Point at one and iM,r half miles from t'.e Arirli. Midway between Crook's Point and the cajte the shore recedes about two iliirds of a mile, at the mouth of Pistol Kiver, which is in latituile 42^ 17.V ninth. Immediately north of ('rook's Point the high, ragged, rocky shore line changes to a low, sandy 111' nil for two and a half miles to tht^ n\ontli of the river. This beacli is backed by high sand (liiiiis reaching one hundred and seventy feet elevation inside of four humlred yards. The mouth lit the river breaks through the northern end ol the beach after running parallel with it for nearly thill' iiiiart«'i,-t of a mile and sejiarated from the ocean by n narrow sand sjiit of only sixty yards ill "ulth. Inside of this beacli the river is over one hundred yards wide, and its right bank is a hi;;h. liliitf shore rising to higher grassy ridge. The mouth was one liundred and seventy five v.iiils wide in 187.'<, ami broke through the sands Just on the south side of a rocky butte, forty li 1 1 high, ciMinected with the main land on the north by a low sand drift. In great freshets it is I'liiiiable that this stream may break out across the peninsula at the great bend where it comes I in ily from the high mountains in the interior. At the extreme mntliern part of the sandy beach there are two houses at the beginning of ilir liseof the grassy hill, which attains an elevation of sevon hundred and sixty-six feet in six liiiiiilicd yards, when the edge of the forest is rearhed. No soundings have yet lu-eii made olV this iieach. Noilliwestward fiom the month of the river to Cajte Sebastian there are many rocks and rocky i>hfs lying about one-third of a mile olVthe rocky dills, and reaching as high as one hundred and M\iiiiy (Vet t'levation. The Indians at the mouth of Pistol Uiver call themselves the Ches-t'les tcn-nie; south of the inn iju-y ;ire the Iloos tan uch ten na'. CAPE SEBASTIAN. ^Vhen oil" the Dragon Rocks, or Saint (leorge's Ueef, the outermost visible headland to the iM I III westward is Ciipe Sebastian. It bears north thirty lour degrees west (N. ;{4^ VV.), distant I'liteeu miles, from Cape Ferrelo, but this course pa.sses one third of a mile inside Crook's Point. if 11, # ii' f ft I I ' i 1. mb^tm :wA I'Mllir COAHI' IMI.mT. t> ^Jl H ) l-'niiii lli(>S;iiiit )'ii|ii> lii'iirs niulli i li\<' iliy^nt's wt'si ^N. .'."i \\ .), <|j-laiil lliiil.\ iiiiU-s, lliis <'iiiir.s(' iiassiii;; Imifl.v lialT a Mill)' oil,. I, I,. (irrriiiik'.s rniiil at Iwi'iits t'liiir miles. rn'twt'cii ('a|i(> l'\'rrfli( ami <'a|M' Sfbiistiuii tin- coastliiio is vory riM-kv, hoiilcrt'il li\ i.., ,,^ and nirky i.slcts \>lii<'li at llir fartlii'st ex tern I out om- mile iVoiii .slinrcal Mark's Itcrt'. 'riift",i'i'|Hiiiii to this iiK'k.v sliiiro is the tlirn-'inili' lim> of sami iliiiu's iiclwn'ii Croiik's I'liini ami I'isiul i; \,|, ini'iitiiiiii'il ill tilt' ilrsciiptidii d!' tlio latter. 'I'lu'ic is a sciii-s nl' alt<>i-iiatiii}; i'iil;;<'s aiiil \.il|, \>i ahiiij; till' coast ami transverse to its ;;eiieral diicelioii. The northwesteiii slopes of the iiioiintMiiis are ;;eiierall.v wooded, with occasional areas of ;;iass or jireeii hcil>a;;e on the soiiilieiii n1,,|„,s, r>iit lietween Crook's I'oiiit and Cape Scliasti.in there is t|ii')e a valley drained l>y Pistol l.'vi i. As seen t'ldin the sniiihwaid, the pitch of i 'ape Seliastian is ijiiite steep I'oi' over six liiiii.lii i| feet, and the rid^e liehiiid it is then broken for some distance, when it rises steadily until it re n Iks fully t\fo thoiisaiid feet. l''rom this direction the ll.iiik is densely wooded. As seen liroad otV I'loiii seaward, it shows as a coiiipaialivcly low rocky point rising' i:i|iiilly towards the iioilh in a ridj^e six hiiiidred feet hi;;li n half a mile, witli a paiticnlailv -idirii ocean front, very prt'cipilous, and marked li\ a few tiees. A grassy ridye alvo starts lii.in :hc point and runs to the northeast for half a mile to the same hei};lit, and Is then covered uuh t rees. There have liecii no sollmliM^^s iininediatel.\ otf the cape. Init the ;:eo;rraphical reconnajs>.ii of IH.V't shous siMeeii lathoms of water at an estimated distance of a mile from Nliore, ainl liir indications at llniiler's Cove show ten falhonis and o\er at half a mile oil, sjiore. It is ,il i 'wche miles insjile the usual coiir.sc of the lai;;er steamships ; Imt the smaller steamers keep i-lnsc under these shores to avoid the strong; northwest winds of summer. The ;;fo;:rap!iical position of the Coast and (ieodetic Siirvt'y Ntiition on the siiminil ol first pilch of the cape is : I.aii iiilr J-i' I'.r :ir. nnrili. III.' I.iiiiyitn.lr . Or. ill tinii' I'Jt •J.l ..- Hisl. IT'" i:i-,',i The iiia;;iictic variation was lif IS' east cm .laniiaiy I, ISS.'i, wiih an annual increase of I .'. From Cape Scliastiaii we have the following; lieariii^'s and distances to importaiil oliiciis: (':l|ii' M.niilirillil I.i:;llllinllMC S. '.'11 K liiiiiir- 1;.'. I, oil ciii.- Min.icM ill,. s. i« i: I'liiiil Siiiiit ;lit llllIlM' .s. .s. :!:i •>', s. 'J'.' i: w w ai.nlli«isi .vlniiiiu 111" (trl'iiiil Href \. :!- \V. Il:l lililr^.. tl:l lllllrs. Xii null's. :'.0 lllllrs. li null's. ■* til Id! niil.M. 'J.'i injli's. :'.!( inili<. Ill' The name Schaslian was applied to tliis cape l>y the 1'. S. Coast Siiivey in l'Sli',1. mi % CAPE SEBASTIAN TO PORT ORKORD. C((/*c Sfhiislid)). — There is a Miiil.tn xnk one mile iioilhwest half north (NW. .1 N.i liniii :lir western point of Cape .Sdiaslian. Jl lies hail a mile olf shore, hut the depth of water iii'ini ii i~ not known. Ilinilir's Ciirr. — rmlertlu' sniithcin |iail of<'ape Scliastian there is an indentation st l),v Kiiiitli ,\\.l\ S.), dJHtaiit otii' lil'tli III' a iiiilc, and the iiiiit'i' imI;;i> ot' lliiiili'i's l>laiid licariii); smitli 1>\ c.isi li.ill iM^I (•"''• I'.v !•;. \ I''-.), dislaiil iiiif i|iiait('r of a iiiilc Tin'ioaii' siuthin nicks two liiiiidifd ami lilt,* jards to tln' rast soiitlifast of tlu- aiiclioiat;i< willi loiirtccii IVft of water, and one is usii.;. Mt cxtn'tiii' low tides. ilii> ceilaiiilv seems to lie a very diiii;j:er!>iis [ilaer and entirely ini|iraetiealile lor ii Haiiiii;,' M"-M '■ I'loiii tlie eliai'l it ajijieais as if an ei|iiall\ sliclteicd ani'liiiia;;<> nil;;lil \w liad close under the .oiiilieast side of lliiiitei's Island, where the water is deeper and where tliere also appears to lie II "I I' iiioni to ;;et under way. II. ill a mile outside tl ve the depth of u iter is twulve fiithuiiiH, Imt the Inittoin i.s irrc(;iilar iiiil ii'( ky. There is no kelp about this cove. \ I'liait of this eove was published in IST^, //// //'K/cd/)/!//. — OIJ' the eoa.>t from the Clielko Hiver to Cajie Seliastiaii the liydroKra]iliie, ,111 M, lias bei'ii done in part. The three fathom fiiixc is close iimler the mcky ell lis; the t weiitv - i.ii.iiiiii iiirve averages less than a mile from kIioic, and all the rocky islets are inside this depth. So depths olV Cape l''errelo lia\e already been };i\ en. On a south course from that cape .11 mile till- depth is twenty two fathoms over line dark ^;iay sand ; at two iiiih s it is twenty- M'M'ii hillioins; at tlirei; miles, t weiity ei;;lit lathoms over daik i^iay sand; at four miles, tliiit\- two l.iiiioiiis over line dark-^ray sand ; at live miles, thirty seven fathoms oxer dark sand and bine iiiimI. .mil at six miles, forty one fatlKMiis over blue mud. Kastward of this line, towarils the ( iirjKii .\nclioraKe. the soiiiidin^s arc less at the same distances. In a southwest direction fiom iIk i.i|ie the soundings iiierease more rapidly. The depth al one mile is tweiit\ ei^ht fathoms; .11 !>V'> miles, thirtylive fatlioms, liotlom hard sand and rock; at three miles, forlythree fathoms nvi I line mud and line ;;ray sand, and at four miles forty nine fatlinins over blue mud. (Ill .M.ick's Keefoii a southwest course the depths iiicicas" still more rapidly. .\i one mile liiiiii ihe Arch Ibick the tieplli is twenty nine lathoms over line dark-^'ray sand; al two miles, Imii\ sr\eu fathoins over blue iniid; at three mile.s, sixty liithonis, and at four miles sixty foiii III! s ii\"r blue and ^reeii mud. .\s at the Winchiik, so along the shore from (.'lietko Hiver to Mack's Keef, a strong; shore- mi:! lit has been experienced riiniiiiif; to the northwest. Iliiiitir's ('»•(•« A. —I'onr miles southward ol Itofjue Hiver, and therefore two miles northward of ( .ipi' .Sciiastian, there is a small stream named lliintrr's Creek cinptyiii;; inio the sea ; and wi! are iiilniined that "about two and a half miles olV this creek there arc two hnal.s which show only in iiiii;;li Miiitherly weather," but no bcariii;; whatever is stated. I here are three rinililf rmhs otV Hunter's Creek. The outer one is the middle one and is two- li:ili- III a mile oil' shore, three and two thirds miles noitli by west two thirds west (N. by W. ij W.) ii"iii('ape .Sebastian. It is inside the bearing; of the norlh point of Ko-iue Kiver entrance finin I .i|,e .Sehastiaii. The mouth of this Creek is four miles north by «est (N. by W.) from Caiie ."^ilM-tiaii. TllK KOIJfK inVF.It. We have no detailed survi'ys of this river. The inoiith of the river is six miles north eifihteeii cli-i.es west (X. 1S>\V.) from Cape Sebastian, and the shore is nearly straijiht, with a sli-ht. nrr-.Mon to (he eastward. The western jiart of the north head of ltoj;iie Kiver is nearly seven iiiili> iiiirlh twenty dejirees west (N. '_'ll \V.) from Cape Sebastian, and nearly on a line to Ilii'ii ■■II. Mountain. This north head ri.ses to seven hundred feet elevation at one.and foiirtifths miles ii'iiili of the mouth. When a ves.sel is well out at sea the position of l{in.Mie Itivcr Valley can iiiiilily be determined by the marked deiuession in the coast rant;e. <>n the north and south of "■>lieH> it breaks thronnrii these moiintains they ri.se aliove twenty five hundred feet, and the stream iin- lliioiiyh deep cafioii like valleys. Wlu-n a ves.sel is do.se under the shore, two or three white ' -es are .seen on the .south point of the entraiiee. To the northward of the river loiij;-. brow n, .;i:i>s covered hills run north for three miles, with a few trees on the lidtre and a few patches of III' -ton the Hank. liehiml this ridi^e and lif;ccii or twenty mih's inland there is a very hi;;h iii'-eof motintains, dark and faint blue, but not crested with trees. I'lie enlr.iiict! to I.'omuc Kiscr is in latitude 4-' U.V north, and loiii;''"'!'' '-• -'»' west, boil i •i|'|'io\iinately close. 17241 V (■ -21 III! \ f! m I ■! Up 370 I'Acii'U' coAsr ni.iir. ! 1 iri u:,j^ TIio olianncl to nogiic Itivcr is vims ii.iiniw, wiili n tlciiili id" milj lour or live feci orwin,, i,,, tlioliiir; at (In- tiiiif of tlit> l.isl ir|Miil tli<- iliicciicui ot' llx' I'liiiiiiicl out vviiitls wa.s iioriliwi .i j,^ iiortli (NNV. I>y N.), iir tlosf iiiiiU'r lilt' norllnrii slinrc. 'I'lim' is a .small .sicaiii iii;r 'laliim. ,| ,,i lk<>{;ii(' KiMT, ami two small scow srhonmiH ply hctwccii that river ami San I'laiiciM-n, 'I'lir riitraiK'i' JM'S liftsM-fli \\\i> lull;,', ii.iM'nw saiiil I II II Ills; tlir one iin llii' .soillli siilr Is iilir iml, lonu, aiiil ni.iKi's mit Imiii (In- scawanl loni oT ilif wimilctl hills. 'I'lic inic un tlic nm ih ..|,|r |« tlii't't' i|iiart)'is III' a milt' Imi;; ami makes ,i | ,| ,, uliiti' liHiiM- at till' stiiillit'iii t'lmt til' tins hill ami tii'iii tlif rivi-r liaiik that was a (,'imiiI laiiilinnl,. Tlu' riMT lit'iwffii ilif sami spits is M'ly ftiiiirat'ti'il, lull insiilc it cxpamls tti a wi>lili oi' iin,,, i|iiart»'is til' a milf. Wlifii pnssiii;; t'lnsr in it in Hit' Kt'i>;.'rapliit'al H't'iinniiissancc of l.s.".;i, in |,|,„| t-ratt' miiiliwt'sl wi'aliu'i. tlif Sfa was lirrakin;,' lit-avilv acrnss t'lf liar; Iml in ISTI il w.is ifp.Miiil til havi' an iimisiially simmtli liai' unlt'ss a lifa\_\ swtil was stlliii^ in. Tlif avfia;,'t' ilfpili i,\ waltT I'tir Hm' mill's iiisiilc tin' cntranit' is aliiinl lil'Iccii t'fcl, w illi ot't'asitinal rapiils; Hit- tulf i> >;i„| to iiiakt' up .ilitiiii six milt's, Vfssi Is lioiiml li.r tilt' livtT in siiiiimiT. Ilii- only timt' wlit'n it is ptissililc tn fiilt r il.wnik |i. tlm mnlliwaiil tliisc ninlri' llif slinii' t'lcmi rt'lican Ita.N . kt'i'pin;; clfar ol' tlif tlaiinfis aliiM.|\ lU'.sci'ilifil. .M'ttT passiii;; Cipf Sflia>liaii tlit< fn.isl lint' is clt'ar tr llif I'ivt'i, ami aliniii lliri'f ipiailfis of a milf iiisiilf tin- intnitli, |ir> |||. villa;;!' til' I',llfiislini;;li, willi a pnpiikiliiui dl Iwn Ininili'til or lliiff liMiiilrtil pfupif. TIhic i, ,, lar;;i'faniit'r\ lifif, ami t'Mfiisivi' salimui lisliciifs. A lar;;f sawmill, naiiifil (iammtui's, was i'>i,i!i lisliftl hfif liir fiiiiiii;; llif .su;:ar piiif wliif li alinumls up tin- river. Nmm'iiiiisdaiis and si,„l, raiiflifs art' Icpiiml almi;; tin- rivtT \ alley. .\ fo.istiii;; ^tfa r t'urmtrls ran tn tliis |ilaif ami finssftl the liar liy raii;,'es dthlaik ;niii white lialls slmw n t'lum the iiisidf, ami a si;: mil lla;; frnm llif can iifiy whfii I hf title was lasdi.ilili . It was t\ I tli.r llif liar tilttii sliit'lftl in ptisilittii aii.i fhan;;t'tl in ilfptli ; llif stioii- t n; see iiis III flit it auay M'ly easily. This sle.imfi tlifw MVtn I't'ct winii li;;lit ami fi;;hl fffi wlini Inaiiftl, anil alwa.\ s passt il liu- hai hiiIn al liiuli w alf i ami w lit- n llif .sfa w ,is simmll " ;ii, Hn m.isiiT it'piiMiil Iliat thiif was nsnallx hut niif liifaker mi thf liar, ami a ileplli ni iiiifin ;,, eiyiift'fU Iff! iii>itlt'. I If hail eiile red t)\er t hilly liims up to 1>>77. Ill l.ssT Ihf ttiastin;; slf.inif I Tlii.sllv re^ulail.N fiitiTetl thf I ivf r withniil ifjrard to tin c ..ml: 'ions til' thf wfatlif iiliiiiii;; tlif slimmer. In the spiiiii: 111' 1 s.'iii ihf pihit liuat /•V(///.«/(i_/r eiileretl the rivei- ami, liein;; al laekeil li.\ iin Iniliaiis, was tlf.>filftl. plnmlf it'tl, and Ininietl. The iiexl \es.sel that enteretl was the seiinoiiri ■S'rtHi. /i'"//( iV.f. in .lul\ 111' the same .\ear; she ;;iit (iiil sal'tly. In l><."ii> I.ifiilf ii.iin !Mf Ailhur ifpnrtftl thai tlifii' was a tleplh t if ten leet mi the liai. lui: ilii; the fliannel was tun ii.iirnw Inr sailiiiy \fssfls tn turn in. lie tlitl nnt enter the rixfi : in laii In- traek is lain ilnw n nulside Ihe I!ii.:;uf Ttivfr Itif f. lllfven milfs wfst li\ hniilii (NV. li\ S.) I'mm thf mtiiilh til' Kn^iie Uiver La I'f rniisf ;;i\i- .i Nimmliiig nrfi;rlity l.iilimiis mi li.s diarl. I!(i;;ne Itivtr li-fs mif hiindiii' milfs In Ihf easiwaitl ami has iiiimertin.> liranehes in the briiatl. elevatetl iil.iteaii nnrlli nl' Ihf !sisklytiii Mminlains, lis liiimtaiifs ifatli I'lmn the I iiipi|iiuii till the iimth In tin' Kl.iiiial h tin tiie smith, ami east In the Caseaile ltan;,'e. it lireaks lliiuu-li the enast iaii;:e almiit tin miles iimtli tif its mmitli, ami this lireak tlnwn nftlie inmintaiiiN i~ > tleeitletl t'fatni'e whfii a \f>vil isnlVlhis pail nl'thf enast. The name nl' the 1 i\ tr was sn;i;;fstfil in ls."i| hy thf tlishmifst prnpf iisilics nf Ihf ii,iti\i - :, its vifinil.x , liiit llif Iim'.I, Ills lia\f Imi;:; sniff liffii tlfs|in_\ etl. Thf Indians al thf imniili ihli.; tliemsfhis the N'nsii II laiiii.e. and tlmsf Just alinxf tlif liimith Wfii- the Tnn tnn Ian lu 1 1 ' smne eharts ami maps the :i\fr has hecii e.ilietl the Tmitminis, ami the 'I'nn Inn iiitna nr Ki.nin:. TelieiikiilV has the livfr (Iniimlf in lalilmle I'J "'_" and ei;:lil miles smilli nl his Inealimi f| tin reef. ((Iniimlf is imt a IJiissian wmtl.) He li.is nn nllier stream heiiee In the Oil'mtl Ui;;hi. in:" whieli iipeiis the river Titiiiia.nr I'.lk lli\t'r. l.(tl:< lliiltrn. — Six amlnne third iinles iimlli seveiit \ fmir i|f;;refSfast (N. 71 I'LjIrmn theiu'iiitli of lJti;;ne Kiverare sieii the Lake Unites, wliifli reaeli thirly-eijilit hiiiiilre«l mul (illy leet elf\.iti'iii. and are therefiie \isilile at a tlistaiiee nf seveiilx miles. Frnm Ihe mniitli nf Jniirne l.'i\t'i- In ("ape ( )irmtl Li^lit the heariiij; is north tLirtylhrce di ^mv^ west (N. M ' \V.), ami the tlistaiiee twenty si\ miles. I * w m -1b^;iirf ,..-'•> •^ •f m^mm'^ ' Rogae Biver Keef. N. by W., 10 miles. L^ JU- .^-^JiL.^^1 ! I{n._'u. River Reef NE. l.y N., lOmilPS. » u j»i»--'x ■'.*U»— .<»* ' .-. ^-^ !\ >»^ .«**»*' «»r '"*** 'mr^&as^Xl^t*- =^iE3CS^SiK^ RoKHc River Reef. K.NE. 3 mileH. RoRiiP Hivtr, North, 8 milei. (t9ft3.) ae's- " Needle Kock. KoRue River Rwf. il.oiit H.-, fnct hisli. NE. I)y ¥...'i milrH. „..- .•1''™*,^ I ■■ -1 . ' ti i iJ fP J I I. " m^f^'t^ ^fpm.BJ i mv ^m m vl i ^f « i 1 A i ;'■ ifr ; M'% r ■' 1 (1' ; ii l':| 11 m' I ri . ' i ,■ ■■ t 'fof. null' 'N. >.•»«••>■•».. ■«*.*.. rACIFK* COAST I'lLor. 371 i;();,Mic Kivrr \v;is (liscovi'icd li,v Sir I'raiicis I -rake in I'lTit; it wuh iiiuiii'd El IJio do lo8 Totlos S,ui!o> 1)11 llic iiiitiius('ii[it cliait ol iMiilli'.v. Tin; KornK kivku ui'kf. I he M>ck\ islets loiiiiiii;; this iccf arc not so lari^c and i'()tis|)iciioiis as tlioso of tlio Drafjon l.'iH l>-i nr I he ( >il((i(l Ki'i I'; ami llir\ iiiii iii'irc iicail\ |iaiall(l u itli tlic coast I inc. riiis (lan;;cioiis reel' li;is not Net liccri caiclnlly cxatnincd. and linMi'loic tlic dcsci'i|itioii must i^saiil.N lie ;;cncial. W'c passed it in iss,"). w hen iit appears more dangerous than any nil ilic coaMl. In l.">.">'> we passcii lhioiiL;li ll on the smvcNiiii; >tcamer with a look unt in the foie- i(i|.. 1)111 it lias never liccn used liy the coastini; steaincis, allhoiiuh il woiiM lie a ;,'icat advaniajiu !.i ! iii'jii if tlie.\ could an tliroii;;h it in hca\ v mn ihw est wi-ai her w hen wot k inn up close iind' r tho v|:..ii'. On the rcconnaissaiiee sheet of iS,"i;; a depth oi' 4'i;;iiieen fathoms is ^^ivcn in this channel. A^ seen from the soiithw.ird, the inside roi-k of ihe outer t;roiip shows a pcrpemliciiiar lacis .,i>i\t.iid, and sloping; to the w<'st. Oil the main ri'ck,\ Islet, wlii(!h is estimated alioiit one hun- .li, i! led liinh and one hundred feet liase, lint spreadin;; out to a much greater lireadth close to ll.. u.iier, there is an ei;;lit\ feet needle of icick which shuts on the soniherii ed;rc when il is ii III ■\r past the licani. '! his isolated needle rock (or perhaps a hioad, llat rock seen ed;;e on) stands iMii uhcn the islet hears northeast liy east and conlinncs siparalcil iinlil il is pa^t the heariii;;' uf 1. 1^1 northea.st. When thiN principal rocky islet hears iioiiheasi by cast (NIC. by I^.), it appears iiiiilci a near monntair cre.-.|ed with trees and i;iillied on iIjc southwest .side, with the loiij; j;rassy ihLc reach i II j; ill Iron I of il from the noil h point of l.'oj^ii" i;i\er cnli;iiice. Ontsiileof this hi^li- i^t i^lct. a (piarlcr of a mile to the west or west norihwcsl, is a jaL:;;cd mass of lock, twenty feet lii;:ii and one linndrid and lifly feet in exleiit. which had sea lions np< a it : and then half a mile i.iniie mile to Ihe west-north wc.st or northwest by west, llieie are tvo \ery low, nuly patches of till k. three to (he feet above water and lifly feet iiiexlciit. I'licreis no break outside of this last \i>ilile led;;e; and w«> passed witliin three i|uar1ers of a niileol I!. Il is reported that there is a (.'Oli- .slanl break about westsonlhwest from the <'iitiance to ihci. .i,tliiin;:li I he distance is not },'iveii; lint Ms far back as l.Stl'.t this danger was reported \\\ (a plain Met /^jaf to lie son I h by east (S. oy !•;.) !iip|ii the lar^tcst rock of the reef, and we.st soiithwcsl i \VS\\ .) Innii Ihe inoiilh ol the river. Other liiciiks show only in hca\ \ or soiilhciiy wfalhci. 'riieic Is reptU'ted to be a depth of ten fathoms oM'i sandy bottom at twd miles broad oll'the inonlli of the river, and the anchor holds well and IS iini easily w fi;,died. The following; liearint,'s and distances locate ihe li'o.Ljue IJiver IJeef: l-'roMl Sllllll (;.'iir;;r'.s jiirl' l.iylll l Nnltli\Vi>l Sial Ivoi'K I nil till' lilMJ tci ClllirOrl'.ilil l.l«lll N. •-'(', \V. ;!!• lIlilCH. rrnmrnit Orliprcl 111 u(l S. 'Jv! " K. \'> iiiilrH. l>..in I'.'N lliiik illii'Miii(iMhi-.| iimU 111' 111.- Hilirt.l It.'ifi H. ;),V K. l.-J iiiiK'.s. 'Ihe Indian liaiiie of the Konue Klver iJeef |s I' kl-lis.e. /i'"'/H(' liivif lti(J'. — The reconnaissance siirxcy of bSS.s all'ords the followiti;^ data about tins licl : The principal rock, which is that one havinj; the needle alotic;side of it, is seven and tlireo- i|iMrlcis miles north thirtyseven decrees west iN. M'" W .) fioin Cape Scbasilaii, and twenty three .iiiil Ihiee y east oneijiiarter east (N. Ity K. J IC.) from the nortliwoti 1 n point of the outer reef. The /i'(i;;,'(( liirrr ]itt/ CUinimi lies lietween theonter and the inner reefs; its ^'cneral direcin.ii is northwest half north (NW. A N.), and its lenj^tli three and a half nnles, of which the soiitln in I)ait,one and a half miles lon;j;. has a width of four lifths of a mile. The southern enliaiicc in this narrow ]i,irt of the cli;iiinel is one and a half mil's west by nt)rth from llu- nionlh of Itoj^ne l!i\i 1. Sveilh L'lirk. — fhiee of the nx'ky islets of the lioj;ue Uiver Heef are of consideralile size ;iii sixtv live feet high and bears mirth seventy-nine de;,'rees west (X. 79'' \V.), distant three ami li\. ei;,'htlis miles from the month of the river, ami I'linimul Um!,, lifty feet iu};h, bears nmHi seveiii\ four dejirees west (N. 7P W.), distant two and a half miles from the river. The rest of the rm 1,^ and r;uii:t' from twentv-live feet in heiKht to barely awash at hi-di water. Tin are nuich smal outermost or nurtliwesieiii rock is about ten f'-et abo\e the sea, and bears north sexeniyiw.. degrees west (N. 7"J ' W.) four and a half miles from the mouth of tne river. The most danj;-eii.n> of the xiiiiliii rorl.s is one which bears south sixty dej;rees west (S. from the river and disiauT two and a third miles south sixteen dej;rees east (S. UP K.) Irom tin irgest, or >ee( Ih- 1: The sea breaks ujion this danger oidy at low water when tlieie lieavv swell rMiinini. It noticed dniing- the survey that largt- steamers, hiiggin;; close to tin- coast durin;; siiniij; 1101 ..west winds, often passed \t'ry close to this break, if not a<'tiially iiimiN' of it. It IS therefore a (Mustion whether a w hist liiij; buoy might not be placed hen-, lint 11 ; reported that there is still another danger farther to the south, niH>n which the swell breaks vi i\ rarely. The small coasting steamers sometimes use the h'ogut- Jiiver lU-ef Channel. It is said ii carry nine fathoms ot water over rijcky bottom, but until a hyduigraphie survey is made it will lie well for the large steamers to avoid it. (Thi ■ snivey is to be made in l.H.S't.) .Xnrtliirui'l /nun litii/iie /I'/ci c the coast i lii;:li, rocky, and compact. The mountains are hi;.'li, irregular, dark, and cnvered with cliajiarral. .\ lew miles northwanl ol the Rogue Itivcr eiiiiam c til e *-oast moiintaiiis aic inaikei a decided bit-ak-down ; this is doiibtleH.s oceasiuiu-d l\ II; jiassage of the lloi^iie Kiver coming from the east northt-ast through the range. Alioiit three i|nailers of a mile f-.oiii the Hogiu- Kixer mouth the shore eommeiices to bordered by many mcks. which ciadnally recede from the land, although there an- very maiiv el' under the rocky clills for four and a half nines, when it becomes eoiii]iaratively free for four ain half miles more to Ukah Creek and nearly a milt- beyond. The generi'l trend of the shoic fhe.se niiu- miles is north half west. Thence the shore sweeps in irregular trends for eleven ,. to I'oit Orhjrd. It isiough, formed by high rocky elitls, and borderetl by hundreds of large a small roeks. Tl.e distance to th(> W(-stern point of Port Orford is nineteen mih-s, and the bearing no thirty (Hie de;:ri miles to the ea -t (N. .IP \V.); iiiil til ist-iine tak lonj. curving swing about !• -Iward of this course, I'roiii the month of the river to Island Rock, oil' lliiiiii Mountain, the distance is loiiiteen and a half iniles, and the iiearing north twenty-eight de;;i .t (N-. \V, The Inner lloj;iie RiNcr ii'eef and other roeks skii t the rocky shore line r five miles, and thence tor four iniles the coast is not so high and is comparatively free fnuii dan; For these nine iniles iVom llo'^ne llixcr the coast line is xcry nt-arly straight on a north coi Then it bends out in the nnitlavevt a^ lar as Cape Orlurd for eighteen miles, with the s irregularity at Ihiinlnig Mountain, and tiie huge indentation at I'ortOilonl. ;# ',(5^; li.ll I \'\ lllli I'll tl I II timi 1(1 II (■ In \ CI . 'IiihI r.ri lilies II I. 1 ^ 1MII\ • ill, r-l\Ml i'niii> lllllr, II Ihc (' l,> ,1 II llir ll.«iiilc ii i- 1 Vll\ till I" III !>.' I lilliri' i\ the til Im' Cio-r :ili IC lol l^'I'l-. nil •' .Sill. ill !**:-iyi "-ri»..-^-«v '"•^" HH.. ■♦'V •mmmmmmmmBim Uj_ l ^|^j l ^ ^^™ j4rJ^fe^lj^L___. ew«[ggggMI ■■r-*TMiiiiiHi Sr..- •.r*,.,4 Koj;ii<> kivi-r Reef, E8K., 4^ milon /' S«^ v. ^ ' . :.>^a»«. _;_: . ^^^g^^a^^-^..;-:^-■>-^.>: ■fcvii 'i-<(:i,i ! fgr «^flj ^B iWaPMgi< fg ^a - ^ ' ^gp ; Huiiibufi, MonntHin (wooded), 1,877 feet. Inland Km k, 4 inilpfi Southeast of Port Orford ll.ml. E8K. 1:4 niiIt>H,l>04 feet. ?^fflK^3KSi;i^ ;.3r r^&i'Ssif .^^ ^-y ' ■'*•_ • «;i»:^,,.^_^-- ^:ir&*~^ ,nu;..-Jf-r^l_ ^^^^^;::!:^^>r»^!s^;^aJigjA '*-i»* ',^'"' Kluoqueh Koek. Ten Hrford Homl.NK J K., '.4 miles. va^^^^JELi iTV -JlinJP^^ Kocks in Kant |i»rl (irimrlior. '.tn.-^' ill' IFIT I'i: luttliti^ pH 1 1 ■ WiM ! J I'Acikk; coast i'ii.ot. 873 //.,//( ('ml;.— Iw tilt" di't'iM'si ])iii'| of till- l.iulii tlinr is ii siiiall . stream ciillcd TUali Cn-i'U I'lih 1 1 III' till' SCI Oil some (if the iriaps it is imIIiiI Sa\ a;;f ( 'iccii. It liiis ii \('i\ sliint coii rsf, Ni-s MtiitlK'ast of I'ilol Ktiol). 'I'lif hiiliaiis n|ii)ii it writ- tin' I' kjli I, in n I liis >iiiall stn-ain i-iii|iti('s into tlic octiin in lititiulc IL'' iioitli ami loii"itmlc l-'l L'l.'';' u,,;. it has a Marrow imnilli opfniii;,' to I lir not tliwcst, and lias a lai';;c layoon inside swellinK III ill M :illieasl\vard. Soiilli ol tlie niontli llie sliore is i'(ini|iaiati\ elv licar ; to tlie innlli the incKs eniiinienee in a i.::', mure tliiui lialf a mile. Two miles direetl.v np llie lower valley and e;isl of the ninntli lliere 1» ,1 ilinll ntiiin I'linrteeii hundred feet h i|' |\Milt\ two hundred feet. Tnmi milesliehind this the nioiintaiiis reach an elevation \liin^' this poitioi' of tin ast llie de|illi of water is (liirt\ fathoms at one mile fnini shore. II Miiiii.y weather the. shori^ can not lie made out in detail from llu> sieamcrs, lint the mnnntalns, \lih Ii icaeli three Jliousand feet elevation, alVord (.'ood lamlmaiks. /■//( Sistrrs, — The lirst of two somewhat piiimiiicnt piiiicetiniis in this slmre line !-- Ilic Sistei's, (h ill lire ten and a half miles north tiftecn dc;^ices \m'>| |N. |.'i ' W .] troiii K'o^iU' IJIvcrand niiu^ ■ I I halt' miles soiitli forts nine dci ast !i i:.) fmm r.iri OiIumI Head. The Sisters an till.. iii( kv islets that lie ncail v iioi i h and MHilh of each other in a space < it' one mile The nnrlli • III .iiid larp'st one, three hnndrcd and til'l,\ \anls in extent and I'nnr hiiiidrcd and ti\e leet lii^h, liiH . Iiive by a lii^rh, rock pointed elitf. This dill is i wo liiiiiijrcd and >i\t,\ li\ e feet lii;jli. The second one is two hundred yards sunlli of llie larj:e.-.|, t wo hundred feet lii;ih. ami milv line liuudret i--lei is onl.\ (i\e fci aliovethe watei-. one liiiiiilrcd and tifly.vards Imij,' east and west, and six huiidred yardssonth of the second islet. Tliero ,i|i|'rars to lie a small eo\c and moderately smooth ualei' niidcr the sunt li side of the jioint, and It 1^ protected li.\ the lar;:c>t islet, Init has sunken •it islet forms a small cove there, but tin- shore i- it. On the III Mill side of the jioint ihe ick\ ami ;t is (lnnlillnl if there is aiiv Ii-IHl:! Il --ani there. 'I'wo miles east wardiv from the Sisters the nniuntains rise to an elevation of two I leet. \biiiit one and a half nnlos northward of the Sisters' Cnxc and twd miles south of Ilumbup; \li iiiilain there is reported il sinj;nlar and noticeable roekv head jiili iii.u' out fiom the slioie. The Miinard face is very steep and is estimated to beo\er two hundred and lifly feet in hei^dit. It iwii as the LooUmit Vi'oc/.-, but the Indian i iuie is N o-'-i'isa. UlMHIi; MOI MAIN. When within four miles of the western jioint of Port Orford, tlieeoast is very rocky, hijili. and jiri'i ipilous; so iniicli so that the coast-trail has to j^o I'ar into the interior. In twii thirds of a mile the rise i.s eii;hteen hundred and seventy seven feet to the sninmit of Ilumbii;; .Mountain, a il.ibic ]ieak used as a landmark, but oecaslonallv ■ skeil in the lia/e with hiuher monniains licliiiid it. It is a remarkably re,i,nilar conical inounlaiu, scxeiitceii hundred ami ninety feel liiy:h. Il li.i.s a sharp, liif;!', rocky «'lilT' point lor its westerninost cNtension. oil' which lie Island IJock .Hill us needh- at a distance of one and a (piaiter miles to the sinitheast half south. fill! seaward and south faces of the mountain are covered w ilh bushes, fciii. and {jrass, and iiii liees; the mirth side is pine covered, and this is a very marked feature, as thereare none othors like it in the vicinity. It is well madeontby vessels north of ('ajie Orford. ilehind this mountain and halfway iiiiiud its base there is a moderate stream of water which 11(11 ly I'uts throu^'h to the .S-^ K.) from Port II inid Head. Tho uppro.viinato t;eot;niphical jiosition of the mountain is: l.iiiiliule l-J li>i iimlli. Ililile Vi\ ','."4 It bears south fifty dejirees east (S. ."lOo V..). distant eleven miles, from Cape Orford Li},'ht, the .lie jiassini,' over the land well to the eastward of Pmt Orford Head. In l.S.')^ thi.sni()Uiitaiii wa.s known a.s iMoiini Franklin ; the linhaii name is Me'tus. ■^1 it I 1 II ■J*V I I ^m^ 371 rAill'lc COAST PlI.oT. fl iti.\ f.ti k Isliiinl li'iiih. — At line iiinl tmc (|iiiMtci iiiilcs olV llic sciiwaid fare of lliinil)!!;; Alouiitiiii) li. . ,i liarnii, rncUs islet, iliicr lniiulrcil Mini lill\ xmkIs in ex I nil anil li.siii;; I\m> linnilircl iiiiil ,si\l\ i, n feel aliiiN I' till' si'a. It lias a ^nit'ial \m'iI;:i' sliapc iinitli iioilliwvsl ami miiiiIi sniitlirasl, will i niDilt'iatrlv liiiii/.iHital Miiiiniit liiii'. i'lcisc iiimIit I lie noi'tliwrst |i;ic liiiinliccl ami (ifiylivc Irct altoM' tin' sra. Dfcp water is ie|Mirleil ain I III llie lecunniiissami' .slieet ,L:i\es iliiity live ratlimn.s jnsi tn Hie sDiilliwanl. Tin i, ■K is a sale |ias>ai;e iiisiile ul' llniii. Aiiiiiml ilie nnilliwest liase of llnniliii,'; Mniinlaiu llnws I'liiisli (reeU, wliii'li opens itn a i>>;ij. iiainiw, low watei' Ixaeii. Tlir. l.AMU'Al.l. dl' ni.or KNull. III! llAI.li IT.AK'. Tins nioiiiitaiii. t\veiit\-ei,ulil liumlieil ami lil'lN lee lii'^li, is only tliivc miles in I'ldin im Ili'aresl .slidic. It IS Idmleeii ami (iiielliilil miles sniilii sixty lliice ile;,'iees east (S. (i.'i l'',.)i ("ape Oi Idiil l.iulit Iniiise. twt-nlyoiie miles mil 'Il nine ilej^rees west (N.!l W.) riitin Oapc Seli.i-. tiitn, ami I'mii' ami a i|uartei' miles east liall' noitli {K. .\ N.) tVom lluinltu;,' Muuiitaiii. The appinxiinate ;;e();;rapliieal position iit' tlie imiiintaiii is: I. aim 1.. •f.' ;.;• Ill ' iinrll IK I Itlllll) l','l •Jl'i H.»l. It is ]iart III' a imuiiitaiii niasswiiieli shows as a notalile ]ieak rioin llie noitliwest iif Ci Oii'oiil. Iioiii wliii'li il hears south sixl\ iwii ile;,'rees east (S. «il' I'l.), dislanl loniteeii anil a li. miles. This iiiiuinlain raiiut- is a ^Meal, almost iinpassatile. liarilei' l_\ in;; lielweeii l>'o;;ne i;i\ei r the ('oi|iiille ; ami I he w alei coium's llow in;.; into the j'aeilie lietwceii these two livers ale - i. ami small. A \essel eomnm Ironi the noilli, when tar lieyomi Cape Oifiiiil, sees the !!alil I'l. as a (loiilile )ieak alio\eall the imiiieiliate iiiouiiiains. These peaks ;;iailiially open, ami tin. li when south of the cape, tlieie ale tliiee llal. pM.iniiilal peaks of nearly the same hei;;lil. The 1 1 llatter ami Western jiiaks aie wcMiiled on I he iioi ill .slopes ; the easlein is liahl i'eak ami i- wooileil. We h.ive seen it in the early imnniii;;' w hen o\ef litti'en miles to the iiorl Invest of ( if r Oifonl. \\'liiii till' cape hears south siNt> i'oiir ileurees east iS. i .i-; ( N. Ill I',, I the e.islei 11 viiiijiiiii of I la hi I'eak appe.iis as t lie hi;:liest ) mint of a hold, ra^;;eil nil. • start in;,' from the hnakilown i'"iiiiliately helnnil lliiinliiiu' Moiiniain. liahl I'e.ik is tliiee tlioiisaml ami lifly-six feel ahovc the sea, anil shoiihl he seoii at a (li.st.iiicc of sixty two miles. Il shoiihl he vi.vihle tlolii a \ e.ssel when llji with till) ^>l)|•lll^VCSl tieal lioi K. u; when alilea>t of < ape <"ile;;ory. TliL' Imliaii name of the moiinlaiii is Cliiissii;,'-;;el, Pdl.'T (iltliiKl). Apiiioailiiiii,' I'oii Oil'onl fiiiiii the southeast waril, vessels have no (lilliculty in inakiii;; ii in' in char weather, hoih lioiii ilie la ml marks on the ma in la ml ami the lii;;li islets of the ( Mford l.i . I, when I hey ale nearly up with ir. I'liil w hen a \ essel is hi I ween Mack's ,\rch ami llie ItoMjue \'," • ! Ileif. ami till miles olf .•^lioic. the lailhist l.iml seen to the noithwaril is mil Port Orforil Ih i I nor (ape < >iforil, hut a llai loppeil hill apiiaieiill_\ mi the coast he\oiiil the latter. I'oil ( Irfoiii l^ therefore well umler the lami insiile of this extelisii If il vessel is heatiii;,' up the coast -\ir shoiihl make short tacks after passiii;; the Saint ( leorue's Ilcef ; she can run well umler the l.i;i'l ex<'e]it near the l.'o;:ue l!i\er loef, lifteeii miles south of Port < )ifoiil. 111 this way she avoiiN llir lar;:e west imi iliw est swell ami Ilie jiossihilily of fo;,'s ; the! depth of water is ;,'ood even clie-r t" the Island Kock, lour miles soiitheasl froin Port ( )rford. and the other islets lietwceii it and lie i' t'hora;;e. \\'liiii the co.ist steamers are ahout se\en miles off shore, hound northward, the top n' :!■ rid;.'!' riiiiniii;; to the east from Port Oifonl Head .shows a marked depicssion in il, as is iiulu .i!< l half east (N. hy I',. \ K.) from Island li'm l>. '/■//(■ /•'/(•(■ /.s7«/.s.— Hach I one of this ;;i'onpof loeks is ipiile siiial in area, luit thev ri.se from iiii.i '\ six to one hundred uml eii'htv three feet ahove the , sea, with a close elimter of (sunken rock i l'A( II It' CUA.^I I'll.lPl, Ml liiiiiiiii'il Niinls iiisiilc llii> lii.uliol oiii'. Tlif wlmli' ;.m'iiii|i cuvrrs Mi aica of almiil roiii' liiiiiilrril liy ■ :,,,. 1 1 II III 1 1 n I ,\ a Ills, a III I lifs iii>arl\ lour liiitidrril yaiils olV lli<- stcfp sliiirrs lit-twri'ii I'nrkv I'liitit ,1 ( .mI I'diiil, 'riii'sr lii;;li locks lit' twii ami tnir i|iiailt'r iiillfs siiiitli (il'ly fi^;lit ili';:rrf.s cast S. -> I'..) I'loiii 'riclicii'M's Ji'dcU. (itV INiit Oilinil Head, anil two ami a «|iiarli'r miles soiiili lliirt.v- , .111 ilcjii't'cs cast (S. .'!s i;,) liiiiii llic aiicliora;;t'. W'c tin not \ct know w licilicr ilicit- is a pas- .,.1 iM'iwccn tliciii ami tin* slmrc, or wliat the ilc|itli ol' walcr is almi;; tlicir western sitlcs, liiiin liie l''ive Islets to < 'oal I'oiiit, wliieli I'tiinis the easierii jiinji ol iliis liarlior, liie licaiint; , ii. illi iiair ca^l N. .\ V..K ami the ilistMllce tine anil one i|iiai'tel' in lies. Id lii-imi's liiii I., tiiiiniii;; I he si mill west |iiiinl of the harlini-, is a narn >\ islei two hiimlrcil ,11,1 liliy V. mis liinu' north iiorlhwesi ami stnilh sontlicast, hy almiii lilis \arils w iile ami ninety !,ii liiuli' It lies one liiimlieil ami ,se\eiity yai'ils rroin liie cMieniity ol' roil Oilonl lleati, lint •lirii' IS a tieiitli til' live r.illioms in the |iassa;;e lieUvceli, ami if a \essel were lorriil to run this :,.iiiiir| she woiilil have water cntin;;ii. 'I'hcre is a ileptli of lil'leen I'athoms all aronml the east, ,.iiili, iiiiil wt'si sides of this rock. KliiiiijKi h li'oil,. — 'i'liis is a ;:oipi| niaik lor the approaches. Inn niore pailiiiiiarl,\ when coniiny; ;i limn the nortliwcst tliri>ii;L:li the cliaiincl licnvct'ii llic reel's. I' lies sc\cn ci^hllis of a mile , Mill lirty-cit,'lil tlfiirccs west (N..1S W.) lioin 'riclniioi's Iliick.and lieail,\ oiielhiiil of a mile I llir II 111 li west lace ol' roll Oiloiil lie. id. It is alioiil one hiniilrcil and Iwt'iilx \aiils ion; lir.isl ami sonlhwesl. and lilt\ or si\i\ yards wide. It is lilaik, s|i;;|ill.\ p\ lamidal. and rises :i rstimated lici;;lil ol lillN or sixty leel. This lock is readily made tun lioin a vessel scvfi'al ~ iiillsitle the < )i lord li'i'd'. roilOiroiil is !)\ lar the licst Slimmer roail>teatl on the coast lietwcen I'liint Kcyes and the Hi III' I'nca. ll has deep water, is rcatlil.\ appliiaihcd liolii the soiilliw.iid. and allords fair imIioii III heavv imrlhwcsl w imls. In winter II can lie ap|iroaclictl only in lavoratilc weather. iiiic of ci;:lil laliionis is oiiis hall' a mile Iroiii the iioilh a ml cast shores ami conies tpiile close lie west shore, riie rnadsliad is toinicil li\ ilie lii;;h shores Iroiii the sontlicast wai'il sweepiii}; 1 Coal I'oinl lo the norlhwcsi liy west lor one anil three qiiarlcrs miles to the deepest jiarl tif l>i;:iit at r>all!e li'ock, and then trcndin;; In the soniliwi-si hy smiih Imll' .-oiiili lor one mile to south piiini of 'riihcnor's K'ock oil' I'orl Oitonl Iliad, In this sonihwcsiiin sweep of the 1- line thecliirs ii>e almost Nfilicalh to two liiiiiilicil ami lil'lx IccI, ami arc \cr\ im;;(d ami I'rom 'richcmn's Iv'nck to Coal I'oinl. which mav he tlistance is two miles and ll ic ocarinu' cxat le conslilcrci llvcast. This 1 I the r.irlhcst exlcnl of the ine jiasscs over liom siNlccn iilioiiis of water near the mck to twehf latlinins in llic middle of the hay, ami lo six f.iihoms iiliiii oiiC'tpiartcr of a mile of ( 'oal I'oiiit, 'I'iic extent of the i mien tat ion to the northward of the :'•■ liclwt'cn 'I'icliciior's llock andCoal roiiil Is one mile. The deepest water is close iimler the Jlsof the iiorthwfst ■.iiore, ilirce fatlioins licin;; liatl w illiin less than tuie hniidrctl yards from h ll prujectiii},' point. On the north ami northeast slmrcs tlie clilVs are not so stce|i nor so lii^ih, I here is a lowwaler saml lieacli almost to Coal I'oinl. olf which lie inaiiv small n hut >rc than one hnntlrcil and lifl\ \ards from shore, ( )n t IIS nor III and iioithcast shore tlit^ • i.iilioiii line lies nearly one ipiarter of a mi' on i the heaih from mar liitilc llmk to some, - I li! rocks lyiii;;' li\'e-ei;;liths of a mile to the cast mhii hcasi : ihciice to Co.il I'oiiit the three- iiliniii line is one lifili of a mile from shore, I'")-! (hf'oni //((It/,— The rocky jioiiit forinin^r the wt stern limit t>f the Itay iircsents a very ijui'd ami precipitous out line, ami liscs to the hcij:lit of three hiimlrctl and fifty feet. Its snrfaco -'•vcrcil with ail excellent soil ami witi a sparse ;;iowlli of pine. This point is known as I'ort '':'"id Ilcutl, ami it is very readily made oiu I ly a vessel coming' from the northwest. It opens -' "iiiside Cape Orfoiil when the latter hears sontlicast, Init of course llie hi.uhcr lantl lieytintl 1 i not lie mistaken for it. I'loiii this head the shore Iiecoincs ileprcsscd to alioiit sixty led at the iiorthcrninosf part of '<"■ 'My. where the town is hicalcd. The hills licliiml arc co\trctl with a liiick ;;rowth of pine antl ...l.ir." Ill the iiDrthernmost jiart of the liay. alircasl the tt)wii. is lUilth /oic.'., slrctchinji out as a I i.li, iiaii'ow, lilack wed^e from the steep shores hehiiitl it. This is a fiiiide in makintr the iinine- 'liilc aiiflitiraj;c when a vessel is untler the hiitl. When the atmosphere is ha/.y this rock stards "111 as if it were tlctaclicil from the shore. I'.ashvaitl from this rock the stci-p shore is skirtcil liy 11 -Hid lieacli for one ami three ijiiarlcis miles |o Coal roint. .\linost mitlway in this distance tliiif is the inttiitli of a small creek, called I liililianrs Creek, whoso hanks are coiniiosetl of a I i m ' ' i m ;i7G vAcii'ic coA.sr rii.oT. tlt'piisit of iiiiiiri'i'DMs saihl atiil ^ravi'l. 'I'lit* saiiii> (li'pD.sil is ritiiiiil in t)ii> clitl'^ at tlii' iiiiiiiili loitv ilnllars ini ilicn, oacli iiiincr. 77. I iiiiihiiriuit' in this hav m tisiial1,\ iiiaih* in si\ t'litlioiiis of watcc, haiil, saiiiiv Imtt ■•in, ^^ nil Wf-I nl I I'Mil Itatllr I'lirk liiMiin^ ninth ( N,). ilislant nni'tliiril ol° a niili- : thi- tlrst hi;:h |>iijnt to tlir r.atlli' i.'iirk iM'aiiii;; wi'st nmlhwrsl i WN W.), tlistani onr ipiartiT of a inili-, anil thi' smilh nt' 'I'lrhrniii's liiuU heating; soutliwi'st (S\V,), ilistaiit tliior iinaitns nt' a niili-. In tins |ii< Ihr links on till' «'il|:i' of the thrro l.ttlnnn line lie halt' a mill' tn the I'astuaiil. Siianni's can aiu'hor a liith> to Ihr mnthwaril nr iHirtlu'iiHtwai'il of tliix iiDsitJnn ji latluMiis III' waii'i'. ('iia>lrrs I'lcMii Iht' siiiiili in siinninT hoat np close ,n shoir. I'min tin' north svrsi i|i,._\ r,.||||. thi'iiiii:li ihr Oirmil l'assa;;i', ki'rp.in>t ontsulf uf Kloiii|ni'li Kurk, in Inm-Ivi' t'aihonis iifwiiii'i. iml roiiiiil 'I'll lii'noi's iliii'i^ as rliisr as prmli'iit in lil'it'cn rathmns. At a iinailrr uf ;> nnh- nil i: il,, ilrplii IS t\M iii\ laihiiiiis. In an ni';;rnt i'ini'r;;i'in'\ tht',\ ran pass iu'twccii 'rirhi'inn's \U»l m.i tlic pnilit. In \viiiti'r, vi'sscis iniist aiirhor I'ar »'nini;;li nut to hr I'l-aily to put to sea whrii a soiiiln i |,| conit's lip; anil in i-aso ol" ncri-ssit.v they may si-rk an oiling; tliron;;h tlir <>i't'oiil l'assa;;i'. 'I'hr usual laiiilin;; is Im'Ivm'imi !>altli' liork ami thr hi^li point of lork clos*' to its wrst il.uiK. Somrliiiii's a lamliii;; was iinnlr on thr lorky lu'Mrh a i|iiai'tt'r of a milr WfstNMiril of l!attli' li'm i< m till' liiulil whirr a ;,'iassv. sloping; liJiiiVniini's to till' watiT. In ISS.'ia whail' was IniJll out iVoin ili,> Mnll to twrhi- I'rrt of watrr at low tiilr, anil a road was riit up aliiii;; the liliilV ami riininiiiil Willi ■nil' oi'tlir stii'i'is of till' town. Small sailing; vcssi'ls lii- at tlio wharf to load ami liisili.i, L:r. lint slraiiifis aiirliiir a short distanri' otV it. A saw iiilli has lirrii in opnatioii foi' a niimlirr of ,M'ars alioiit li\t> niilrs from thr {> >i' liclwi'i'ii Sikhs iJiver and KIk Cirt'k, lint it was movrd in ISST to near tlu' inontli ol Sikhs I.'im i, and It IS inti'iidi'd to I'onin'it it with I'mt Oiloid iiy a lailioad. It is piinripally di'Milnl ii> maiiiil'ai'tiii iiiu' Ihr rrlrlnalrd I'orl Oilord rrilar into maikrlalilr Inmiirr. Salinon I'rnm SJIJi^ KiviT and thr proilmts uf thr nnmrroiis stork lanrhrs in Ihr snrronndiii;; ronnti'y air .il><> s)iip|i('il from 1*011 Oilonl. Thr town lian inrirasnl ronsidrralily in si/rand, inrlndin;; thr | ]>:,■ in till- iminrdiatr virinitv. contains a |iopiilation of altonl thicc hnmlicd and lillv to fonr liiiirl' . Uiir olthr riiastiii;; siraiiirrs rails hrir rrj,'nlarl\ in favoralilr wratlirr. Thr piiiiiaiy astionomiral .slation ulthr I'. S. Coast and (irodrlir Survey, ('staliiisiirtl Ihp n ls.")i. is nil tlir lop ipf thr riil;:r jusi wrst of thr low n, at a lici}r|it of twii linndii'd ami si\i;, i «h Irrt abiiv I thr sra and within a frw \aiils of thr almost vertical dill's two lift lis of a iiiil r ui^t- .sinuliwrsl fioiii IJaltlr liork. Its geo^iiaiihical position is: l,:i 111 Mill' IJ II -Jl .7 iiiirlli, l-iillgitlldr Or, in tini'' l-,'! Wist. The inagiietir variation was l!t '_'7' rast in .laniiary, ISS,"), with a yearly increase of 1.1: !■ : the maximum ofllir easterly variation Ins lirni M'ly iirarly rrarhed. l''or till' iisr of naviuatnrs wr iiotr the };eoyra]>liiral position of the .secondary asiiciiiriili;il station of IS."i:>. which was in front of the town jnst north of IJattle IJock, and within lifly nu-U .iI thr eil;;e of the liliill, as follows: Latiliiilr.. I.iilij^iludr Or. ill tiiiii' I'i W •.'.- I niirtl I'.M -Js i;i' . si' IT"' iVJ". S. Tiihs.— Thv t'onccti'd Ksfalilishmeiit, or mean interval between the time of thr in transit and thr time of hij;h water, is XI" ii-'". The mean rise and fall of the tides is Imii ri^ihi triiihs Icrt ; of spriiij; tides live and ninetenth.s feet, and of nea]itidrs thu'c ami si'\iii ii Irrt. Thr mean duration of the ri.sc i.s ()'' 17'", of the fall (!'' OS'", and of the .stand (•'■ .'iir . a\ria;;r ilill'ririirr hrtwerii the Corrected i'^stahlislimeiit of the a. m. and p. m. tides nl'llir day is I' l'l' fur hi;;h watrr, and (•'' Id'" for low water. The dill'erenceN when the moon's iln tioii is urratrst air J' IJ'" and 1'' 2S"' resjiectivrly. The average dill'eieneeH in licifiht ol llio-' es air our iiiiil lour truths I'ei't lor the liiyli waters, and two and fsix-teiiths I'crt fur tin liii.i tid waters. When Ihr moon's derlination is {.'rratest, these dilVerences are two and three teiiih- I'l and three and nine truths I'rrt rrspri'tively. The a\rra}{e dill'rrcnce of the higher liij;li .mii lower low watcLs of the same day is .seven and one tenth feet, and wbeu the moon's dechiKitim \i V I'AciKH' coAsi' I'li.ur, 377 .iriiii'Ni, I'itilit aiiil Iwod'iitliH Irt'l, 'I'lii' lii;^li)'i' liiuli wairr in ilir twenty liuir lioiirs iicriii's .'III to'' ftl" iil'li'i' tlix tnitiiii'H ii|i|M'r ti'itiisil (nimiIIijiik) ^vlini tin- iihium's )|<'i'liiiatiiiii is iiotili; I iiliMill I'' <)."•" Iirl'iiri' mIicii it is sniilll. Tlir lower of llie li>w Wiilels (leciiis iiImiii: seven liiMirn . I llie lilf^liel' lii;ili WMlers. The (.Meate.st oliserxeil tlilleiehie lietwcen the liiy:In'l' lii^jll anil Ml' low watei'N of one (lav was II I'eel. To tiinl llii> liMH' ami liei;;|il III' every title tliiiiii^lioiit Die \ear ennsnlt Hie I'aeilie I'iile Tallies i|l>lie.l aiilliialh ii\ till- r. S. Ciiast ailr the tIrawliai'Ks to the tleM'lopmelit of the eciiuitiv aliiiilt I'lM't Ol'toiil has lieiMl tlie !iii'iiit,\ III' llniliii;; a |iraelieaiiie rnnl theiieetoihe inli'iini, \\ here ilie mines anil ;:ra/iiii; eiinntrv ti >mI a larp> tralllc. In this \iniiit\ were immense forests (if the lai';;est ami line>t I'ort Oilonl < ' 'I ir, iina|i|iriiarlialile in i|iial{! v li.v aiiv on the Atlantie eoast. (ileal ilesti netion in these forests 1 1-. oeeasioneil ii\ liies. Init there are sill! larye areas not ,\el ciil or Inirneil over. North of I'orl diloril the eonnlr.v is lieiii;.' settleil li\ .st(H;k-raisers ; ami (^tl'orts iiave liecii luaiU' lo .semi to market 1 hue samlstone for Imililiii); iinrpost's. hiiriii;; a protraiteil ami hea\.v ;,'aie from the sniitiiwanl in htceinlier, IS.-d, when we were . • iMi|ieil on the He, III, sileli a terrilile sea roUeil in ihat Mo vessel eolllil have lliliieli it out. The sieamer Sik Hull v\;is iliiveii iioilhwanl to Vanronver Isjanil ami lost i \u) weeks Ml re;,'ainiii),' position; ami the inaihsteinnei' VnlnmUiit hanlly lielil her own lor many liiiiu'.s olf the Orfonl I I This harbor is called Indian Hay in Teheiikotrs .\tlas of (iiarls of ls|.s. Me has es|ieeiaily .I'll the [slaiiil lloek ami Klooiimh li' litli tliirtvei^hl to foitvlive lalhoms of water iisiile the former. Ills text does not mention the plaee. It was i-alled I'^viii;; llail>or in Is.'iO hy Me.Vrlhar. who anehoii'il there dnrin^ tiie lirst oinaissanee of this coast, iini i' is knovn only a.s I'ort Oil'onl on thi.>ea(!li wliieh reaches to llie present month of the MIk Itiver, four miles distant. The .rlU'l ral features of the shore are a low, terrace like I'lHiiiaiio ■ally twohnndud feel lii;;li, vvilli a ii \v trees upon that part sonlh of ]''.lk Itiver, and covered with forests north of it. In tlit^ details ;lii II' is ii lar;;e la;;oon, cmplvin;; liy a small nioiilh. Just north of Toit Orlonl Head; then a 11.11 row, iiiiifoi III sand i'iil;;e one and a half miles Ion;,' and risiii;; to one hiindred and .sixty feet ilrvalion. It starts steeply from the lieacli, ami is coveied with j^rass, fern, sallal liiishes, and a li'vv piiio trees. I'lchind tiiis the land falls rapidly and forms la;;ooiis and tnaishes which lielon;; 111 the valley of the I'"dk Itiver. The seaward face of this rid^'c is so steeii that in places it breaks il.iu II and tho uncovered parts present a yellowish apiiearance. The northern I'xtremity of this i:ilL:e is si|iiaiely cut till' and atl'onls a nolaiilc landmark to tlio.-~e acipiaintcd with the locality. In Ih' iiortliwi'stward of this iiil;,'e the slio I'c IS vei V low and is marked by a line of .saml dunes fill one and a half miles; tliron;;h this valley iniptics the I'.lk Itiver. ImiMcdiatcly behind the Theiiie to the cape the bine sandstone clill's are neai ly vertical, i.iiii 1 dunes arti the forest iMih a narrow sand beach at low water. The i'lill's are about one liiimlred and titty feet hi;;li and • iMred with trees to the cd;;c, until within one mile of the cape where the forest iitircs I'roiii the 'lioie. Immediately behind the cape the miriow neck of land breaks down and is very roii;;h. Till' face of the cliil' exhibits in certain lines of stiatilicatioii \;ist. nnmbers of marine shells in tlie li.ii'd sandstone. A7t R/ccc— This narrow stream, fordable at its moiitli at low tides (ISol-lSS;!), rises in the lianier of Iii;;li mountains beliiml the cape and Port Orford, but towards the coasi it <'onies for iiiili's thruii;;h broad niarshcs foiiiierly covered with pine and white cedar, and an almost iinpene- liable :ul«r;;ro\vtli. Tho mouth in I.S(5",( opened only two and a Ion;; saiul iuhiu (rU'ailv tlt'iiionslratrs the sanio «'oiirsi> of inovciiii'iit. TluMiaiiif til' tills riviT on Tt'lu'iiUoirs «'liait ot 1S4S is 'j'itnna. It rcci'ivod its jucscnt uauu- tVoni the scttlci's wlicn wo v. ere tluMO in IS.">1. At tlic nioutli of tlic lixcr tlirrc was t'onntl on i ic istli ot" May, IStiO, a liotth', nearly buried in tlic saml, wliicli containctl a nicinoraiiiliini stalm;; tliat it liad been thrown (Voin tin' sti'iinicr llrothtr •fnuitlhaiu in latitnili' 1-^, loii;;itn(1<- IL'I ' .'iii , on tbe '2'M of March of the sann> year, tlu' wind at the time bcin;; strong; from the south, ll liul traveled noitliward about lifty miles. The Indiai> iiamo for the Port t)rl'ord 11. -ad is Cliim tai-ten : and the name of the outlet ol the lake behind it i.s Mus-yee-;;i. CAPE ORKORD. OR CAPE BLANCO. it in of' '" When this cane was eo\cretl with trees its outline iiresented a ;;reat similarity to that of I'mni ('(Uiee|M'ion ^allliou^h tli<' latter lias no trees U|iiiu it ). when it was iiiaile from the noi tliu aid oi southeast waid. the more esiieei;illy as the neck lieliind it is broken down, and then there are im iici-: fur over half a mile inside i):'> neck. Fartlnr inland aro forests of |»ine upon {gradually rising land. Siiiee th<'ei'ection of the liu:htliouse, Iiowt>ver. all the trees on fheeape have been deslrou'il. and it is now maile from seawaid as (|uite a small mesa of four hundred yards in extent and ("n hundred and ei;:ht feet above the sea. with the lower neekof one hundred ami forty feet elexalimi to the eastward. Tht^ extremity jjrojects not nnue than one and a half miles from the ^^cneral eoasi tivnil, nltlion;:h it is the westeiiimost point of land on this coast until we reach Cape Avahi in l;iiiiihlc 4s 1(1', nearly fourteen miles soatli of ("ape !"latlery. When luatle from the nortliw:ird the (Mjie ii dly h)oks like a moderately low, blufl' shore \>\i-\. the more especially when the atniospliere is hazy over the low land behind it. The wcstein faic is three )'i;;litlis ot' a mile in extent north-iiorthwest and scuithsouthcast ; and tin; neck iiiiiiii'ili ately behind it is fiuir liundred yards across. For tliree-ei;;liths of a mile from the base ot' ilir «'ape towards the west northwest the rocks are veiy thick. Kiom one mile west half soutii (W. I S.) to t>iic and a ipiartcr miles southwest by .south (SW. by S.) lie the dan,i;('rs of tli(! I'daiico Kccf. lietween the r.laiic(! Iteef iiml the Oit'ord Uecf lies the tmc mile wide (lassa^^c iiaiiie(l tlu' Oilni.i Channel. The Orfiud Keef lie; an extended eluster of rocks and dan^cis from three iiiilr soutliwcsf bv south (."sW. by S.I fiom the li;;htlioiis(> round to four and a half miles soutli (."<. from the same point. T icsc reefs and pass:i Th- award face of tl bet le cape is a stecj) cii ween them are described in detail further on. If of two hiimlred feet elevation. In dilfc rent years and in dilVereiit st-asons its aspect varies. In Octolicr, 1SS.">, we found nearly all (he .soul in i half of the cape bri;;lit in the afternoon sun. In May, IS,S(!, there were very few patches of iiuii Color around its tace. but at other times it has appeareil bii^jht tliroii;;h all the phases from wliiii> or yellow to dark ;.'ray. These phases depend npmi tin- amount of vep'tatitui ^^rowiii;; tui tlic sic. sides of the cape and on the siiiili;j:ht sliiniii;,' upon it. Close under the souti li I'll Sll le of the neck there ri.ses a lar;;t', lii;rh, sin;;le rock aboiii handled yards Iroiii the beach. As seen broadly from seaward the c.ipe is a wholly iiicons|iicuons object on account of tin In^h lands behind it. At ten miles it seems a mere chan;;e in the coloi- of the Ion;; line oC ini'^.i land bonlcrin;; the sea. ami especially it' the cjill' is not sliowin^ liii;;lit. It is, however, casil;. r<'co;;ni/.cd by those familiar with it. and especially by reason of the lij;htliou.so and adjaceiii buildin;;s. l.IiiHT not si: on CAI'K n|M"()l!r> \N('(i). This is a primary sea-coast li;;ht. The li;;ht house is situated on the hi;;liest part ol C:iim' Orforil, from which the heavy trees were cut when the buildin;;s were erected. It is neail> i.\" liundred yards inside the western iiitch of the cajie. The liiwei- is the fiustiim of a cone, ami i^ built of brick painted white. The dome of the lantern is painted black. The keeper's dv.i'liinu' is a two-story biick buihlin;;. painted while, with green window blinds; it is sit't-ted about tliiii> live >ards southw.ud of the tower. The li;;lit is o jiml irlilri lii/ht of the first order of tin- .system of Frcsnel. It was first c\li:ii lU-'d uii the liittli of l)ee<.'inber, KS70, and shows every iiiyht from suii.set to sunrise. The an "i i^i;i, r^,L ^.,.u^.-^^.^ ^-,i'\. .^ ^^ ^^^ Or ford Rref. KIk Hiver. N.lij K..1 K. '!■' ' ji ". ■'I :| 1 1 1 rs.jttS**''^^ Orford Reef. Wliili' Rock. CftiM' Orfora LiKlithoiiw. N. i K., 15* milos. White Cliff. Capo Orfonl Light-house, NK.,10 iiiiloH. Orford Reef. •fn^.. .tj. ..-'-'■■ N.l>y K..* K. Opo Orfur-l l-iKht-hoim« an.l K.-f, NNK.., 11 ...iU-.s. '"Tti'"'-"--'^ ■■i3?'''ti'*ht*' *^''js«i"^*'*ss»t^'fciri»weji4(.. Wliito Cliff. Elk iWer. Efht-hoiiHO, Orford Reef. »jff" ^>'*'il<^ ji^"- '•--«• ,,„ ^."-V^.i. .ifc,*' — !- *,'■ iliw. * y f I » w m ft M m ii\ m ii r ! ! i-i • ""r ' ''rr ««r— .,— , »f. , rtar' ■ • ^- ■::?!iS.3J^3K--r^i^ E. i S,, 5 miles. C«pe Oiford Beef. Fort Orfotd Head. ^.jj^^ife,.?? "igjitaijir; inj^ciiKVv^^/nji ^ •';,L^ g^a^^^Lj;^^ SikliH River. Castlo Rock, 18ti feet. Gull Rock, 118 feet. Blanco lieef. Pyramid Rock. Cape Orford Light-bouse, NE. by E. \ E., 6 miles. m ill ^11 f^i |i V. ^1 ' \L IE .ly 1 ^ jl • '1 ■ ' ' • ^. ii M! f 1 I ^' '4 I.*"' ivi tii II. I i : n ^ m i pLM ^m ^^m - Blai'klork I'oint. Cbp« Orfonl lj(;lit-hnniir, N. Iiv K. 1 K., II mil. >. Orl - rtTrtiiirmihiiniii— wm^nyiiiinip'TTiL^^ '.ml-L. Cape Orfiml I.iclit-bniise, Nortli, 20 iiiil.s. Reef. ( upp (irfDril l.inlitliiiiiMf. N. Iiy K.. 12 miles iC'iijin lifted liy iniriij;r); siiuiky lieyoml •»>. •>•*<• .diAAzAAMKAai.^ • ■■•.■•r-*; ■•■■'■.••,K^-'-'Wj,„. Orford Reef, tlioinnt. abont 8 mile*. Elk BiT«r yaUey. ":■■—»- ;'*"T'' j.*?^" —Va^'vi-o^-. '-.-.?■ '-"" "Tra.- Port Orford Head. N. by E.iE., 161 miles. H^'t^*^, ky beyonil ■M^^ r t my ''0 t^V^ '^ii ??: t HJ ' i* h' if!) , ,, , It** ,- ■ c |%.1. '^'^^i^^z^^.'^^'^'r-^^ 'W* ' U ' .V«-i ^^rrCTW B), ii »UU <- M '•— ('HHtli' Kixk, IHM fmit. (lull U«>c„r,| i{„„c i-.-^i ''■■■> \ "k' '"-'•*y;.-..'^r,-^'*'A'4><'«.v-.., 'iffW^^ h .J k ll r' 'v. il i fKet. ■4V jyi!..[ -■:;'- it i ^i yi ■b-^ aiv^^^-O^"^ iii^S^ SikhH River. Casllu Kork, 188 foet. Gull Rock, ] 18 feet. Pyramid Rock. Blanco Beef. (Ven Cape Orfurd Light-house, SK. ^S.,(Hiiiile . - ■^•*3?5?'i^*s ^ «=*r*7^' ■•■ ■•.,ui',r' ,■'<,'*' T^^'f~-) ■ Bald I'oiikn. :(,f)Wi ffet. Humbug Mountain. Cape Orfoni. Point Orford Hend. 1,877 feet. 8K., 14 uiiles. jS. 11* -— a- Rock. Blanco Beef. (Very small »iid black.) S., 6^ mile'.. Table. irch or Pin Rook. Ortotd Reef. Ulaukloek Puint. Tower Rook, Vila feet. -"'■■■ ■t^W^';.', ii-;i .(t^',1 ,t le Orfoni. Point Ortord HpucI. 14 uiileB. Orford Keef, 8E. by 8., 17 milw. '■mr Hi } i I'Aciric CDAsr ni.oT. 17:» Mil iliiy over tlic \v;itcr is twii liiiiiilrt'il a ml I'oily decrees ; :iiiil I ln' limit (if visjliijily In llic soiitli- \\.u,'\ is lan;:i'iit to I Nut Orion I Head, wiiirli licats soiitli luilx (l(';;i(cs cast (S. (d i;.i, (list;iiii six ,11 ,1 ijiii'i' (|iiait('rs miles. 'Iliniccil is \isililc loiiml by tli(< sinilli, \\c.-.|, ami norlli over liic ( >i- I',, III Hill I'.laiicii Itccls, lo iioi'tli twenty niM' (Ic;;i('<'s cast (N.'JI ' ll.i, iiml tlicicforc civmiiiaiKls tlic I ii'.iii' iiiirllicni coast so far as it can lie seen. The sontlic.isteni limit of visibility is almost on I Ik^ JiiM- lit' I'oi't Orlonl lleailainl Islaml K'oik, so lliat a vcsst 1 wotllil lose the li^'lil Jnst as she rcaclicd uiiiiiii a i|i larler of a mile of the west side ot' that islet. Tin' liei);ld •'' "i'' '"•"■al jdane of the lens above the base of the t IJir ilieai l.i\era owcr is lil'ty I'eet : and above 1 level of the sea it is two hninlred and lil'ly si\ I'eet, so that the h;;lil shoiilil be seen, in ii ble stat(> of the weathcf, from a liei;;hl of — 1(1 Ilia at, it (l'.>.laiiri' (if '.'l.'.l miles. •Jll fr.-t ill a ilistanre nf •.':;. I linli'H. :V) I'iTt .it a ilislaiiir (ir'JI.i! niili'M. til) (Vrl al a (liNlaiirr nt' '.'7. 'J inili-s. I'he j;-eo^iaiiliical jiosition of the li^ht honse, as (U'termined by the ('. S. ("oast and (Icodctie. ^ll:\l'\ . !"■ I.aliliiili' . . l.lillMitlllln. Ol', III tiliii' I-.' .'•" llT ' llnllh, -., i-i„ i>..i. file nia;,Mietie xiniation was II" .1(1' cast in .l.iiiiiarv. l>>.i, anil lliel'e;ises a nnnallv abnnt I'. I : the limit of the easterly variation will be reached w ithin probably ten \ear.-- from that dali llie e ■ rotl iiast 1 the li"htdioiise we liaxi'tlic lollowinf; bcariii;;s ami disi; iiccs to prominent iioiiits on t'ajii' Mriiiloi'inii T.ij;li lliiiMliolilt !.i»;lil linn- 'I'liiiiilail lliMil l.i^ilil J^aiiil (ii'ori i;nf, t t-llllll>l> ^ >»> s •'( llllll-r . S. In- i.nii oil Osi' I sirr or liir li-lil- iiiiisr on ''7 I It 111 i:. n •J null'-*. \nllllWC-sl Sral I, ]'..\ UoiU. the Miiillnv.-.| ilaiii;.-!- dt' liic'dilonl i;, rf S, I-, W. •I'lir Nciitliwist l;.M Us.if tlinOirmil ll.if s -jr. w. fapi' liir;4iMy i.i;:lit ; tliiH liiarii mill' iierlli (Viiiii Capn Oil'urd. liaxscM (ivcr (lull ImIiI. i; W. II. -ail I.i-lil-lii N. h .N. i; w. Tillain.M.k i;.., k l.i-Iil-li.Mi-.' I'liiiil Ailaiu.s l.i;;lil-liiiii'''. ''"liHiiliia KiviT N. 1'., \V. ('11)11' l>i-ia|i|iiiiiiliiii'Tit l.inlil III ('aiii'Slinalwati I- I.i:;lil lieuM-. .\. Ill W. :.. mill' :i mill' !!U mill's. 1 1. 'J mill's. t-T mill's. 'Jii:' milrs, ■-'(»:; mill's, •j:!:'.* mill's. (irav's Harliiir I |irii|"'^i'Mi^lii I N lii, W. ".'I- milrs. pislnirliiiii Nlainl 1 iHi'l'iisi'il li;;lil > N. I'.i: W. Taliiii.-ili Isl.iml l.ijilit-liiHis.', Capi' I'l.i .'I \V. I mill's, li mik's. 'IIIi; (iIMiUM) IM'.KI'', I'liis ilaiin;crons area is two ami a half mili's liMiir. nnilh and smUli. .tnd mie and a half mill •ast and wt lies li\ c miles broad olV the coast bet w ecu Port ( M'tnrd and Cape ( )i ford. III I i> the most '.'. olei n danger between ( "ape Meiuloeiiio ami I'oiiil ( ireiiv ille. N'cssels from the ^ Mil o| I'l.ca and the (Joliimbia Kl\er Imnnd south of ("ape .Mendocino must la.\ a course outside I' tins reef. The lecf consists of bet ueen tliiily and lorly lii;,'li, rocli,\ i.slets, low small rocks, and sunken ii.i ks, nenrr.dly rislii;,' from deep water ami in some places marked b.\ -^.'nal! (ii'lds of kelp. Hi in.en the reef and the .shore there is a ^ood pa.vsa^je ahoill one mile wide belwecn the ei^ hi fat hum I lies. 'I'lic tjcneial direction of the reef is soiilb ol' ("ape Orforil l.i.uht ; and its northern danger - UMi Mild a ijiiarti'i' miles sonlli of 'he cape. Stretehiii;!' out iiiic .;nd one thin! miles from ihe .i|ie low aids the Orloid Itcef there isai,.''i'ti reef, which contracts the passaj;!' to one mile. Tlii.s li'ireef isliiiown as the lUailcii lo'cf. The Orford lieef may be consiiU'icd a lalher compact inassol rock,\ islets and rocks, with two iiImii;,' di.ii;;crs oil the southwest and iioithwest parts, the former one mile, the latter nearly h ill' a milu (list lint. 'I'he massi\ eiiess of the islels of tills reef a I ome sii freest s I hat the earliest Spanish navigators iiexer made this landfall, or the.\ wniild have nolieed iliem. When the la|i;<' Table Ivock is about one and a ipiarler inik's distillit, bciuillK c.'Sl, all tlio lets -cm ('(iiiidistaiil iVom each other to the .sonihwaid. ■Im 'i ?! i ! .'!;&: '\M J^ f : It si. ' .'?S() I'ACII'IC ('i)\s|' I'll. (IT. '\'\u' prixripal tliiuiiirn of IlicOiiord Itci'l' m.\\ Itc cimiiH'rMtcd ;is follows: /Vi.- //i.c/,. ,i ^. low, lilack rock, alioiil iiiiif Icct lii^li. ahv;i\ s visililc cxci'i)! when swept \\\ :ili(ii\\ swill.inil ahvay.s sliowino- a lncaU. It appaiciit ly Iciiis ovci' to tlic soiiilicast. It is tlir .soiiijiwcslciiiiii .1 rock, and lies one milt- west In south hall" south (W . by S. \ S.) t'roin the sonihn iinm^l pan . • . icfl'. It has thirty I'athonis of water ••lose alon;;sidc of it. and dcpthsof twenty (■ij;ht |n iwiir, three fathoms henee to the reel'. We jiassed inside ot' It in Oeloher, ISS.'i. The loek is oii ;|,,. I'antre thiouj;h Areli Itoek ami West Conieal IJoek. and one and tiiree ipiai tei s miles soiiili ;)ne de;;rees west (S. ."il ' W.) from the latter. Fox liock lies live and onecpiarttr miles south ei;;litei'li de;;rees wes' ,S. Is \\ . 1 lioiii i ,1 , Orfonl I.iuht. and six miles north eir.nty se\en dey:iees west (N.S7 W.) I'idm Tichetioi's l.'m 1 Port Orford lleail. l''roin it Nortinvest IJoek lies two and a tliinl miles noitli eii^hiicn (|r_i,,, east (X. IS i;.i, and the Southeast I'daek liock one and one thin I miles noitli se\ enl \ llncc dc'::ii 1 , east (N. 7:1 I'..). .\ vessel liounil into I'ort Orforil trom I-'on K'ock \\ould la,\ a course cast IcTl south (K. y S.) to pass clear of Tichenor's l\ock. Fii.r Ik'ixl; — lliKiji. — .V sccitiiili-liiss automatie irlii.slliini hiioi/, painted , 7 ancl hiieicd iii\ IMKK in »7((V(', was esialdished May l(i, IS.s'.i, and 1 ired in liMt.\lhrce tatlioms ni \(i:,i, souiliwest seven ei;;htlis south (SW. ; S.1. distant live eii;hlhs ot' a mile from tins dani;er. The liuoy is suinioiiuted hy a whistle that issoundedbv t he action of the sea : il ustiallv li\is twenty to thirt.v blasts a minute. I'roni the buoy the follovvin;; bearin;js ami distances of important objects are ;;ivcn: ('.•i|M' Orfiinl I,if;lit-luiMsc N. -Jii |;., ,ri,i:iiji .', , mil, .*. T.-iM.' I'ncU, OrliMil i;.rl' \. :.:. i:., ih-iMui -Ji wU,-,. .\nli 1, ;, M" 1 l.'rt-f N. 1; i .. .;; iMMl •-'< llli!l■^.. Tirlli'lli.; ^ ll' I 'oil Olliiril II ■■Mil N -- 1'.., lli^l:Mil !•{ IMll.s. Pilots ami masti 1 :' vessels are recpu'sted to notify the I'niled States inspector of h I,; houses, at rorlkiiid. Orcunn. if lliis buo\ should diift m- not vvdik salislaehu ily. Sniitlidixl llliick li'iich- is a small, black rock about ten feet above water, with a break alv. ,i\n V]nm it. It is the southernmost jiart of tiie dangers of the main i-eef, and lias tweut.v fadinms ,.' water not far from if. Il lies one and oiiethird miles north sevcntv three deurecs ca--t iN. 7; 1 troll! the outerimist daii;,'i'r. Fox Pock, and there is a depth of tvveiit,\ three to Iwcniv.i-M fathoms of water between them. The Southeast IJock lies on the ran;;(' of the vnsl side nl ilic West Conical Hock on with the east side ot Table K'ock. tui a bearing; e\ast t'\:ictly soiitli seven t'ifilitlis of n mile (Vom Table licick anil (tne-tliirtl of a tnile 1! IiwcnI 1i\ siinlli ^S\^. l)y S. ) tiimi the peak ol' Arcli Ifock. I Kiiii <'a|ie(i| ImkI l.iulil ii l>cais soatli livi- defjiees west (S. 5 W.), dislanl tliice and one- .liili milts, and lioni 'riclienoi's limk ntiitli seventy loui' dej;rees west (N. 71 \V.), distant four \i'n ci ;iill ill 1.1.1 riirie is a sunken ledj,'e one linndied anil twenl.v-live yards nearly east from tln' southeast ;i di tlie West Conical li'oiU. It consists of a cluster of sunken rocks witli two or tliree small 1 points aliove water. Tlicie is deep v. .iter around tlilH dan^jer. I'hd liliuk /I'dcA, low, and not o\ei' twenty-five yards in extent, lies oneeij^litli of a mile iioitli- «, M liy west (N\V. liy \V.) Ironi West <'onical Kock, and a ipiarter of a mile west liy soutli (\V. !i\ S) Ironi .\rcli llock. \i
  • W.j from Cape Oii.ii'.l l.ij^ht house, and four and three ipiai lets miles north se\cntytwo decrees west (N. 7- - W.) li.iiii liclielioi liuck rinin it the West Conical liock lies one third ot' a mile soutliwesl by soiilli ;SW. by S.), and ;■ li'ock three i|iiai lers of a mile north tbuileeii de;;rees west (N. II \\'.). The Southeast k Koik lies three ipiaiters of a mile exactly south (S.l. and the Northwest h'ock li\eeifihlhs iiiile noriii m ty live decrees west (N. I.'i \\.). Vi>\ Kick is on 'he ian;;e of .\rch Kock and West Conical llock, distant one and seven-eighths iillh till V one decrees wes t (S. r.i W tViiiii tlie till luer. Aliont one (piarter of a mile to the eastward of .Vrch Kock, in six to ei^;iit fathoms ot' water, . Is a line of kelp. A --unken r)ck lies in eij^ht fathoms of w^uer one third of a mile north sixtci'ii ile};rees east i;.) from Arch It and a rock, \ i.-.ible at e.xtreine low tides, lies one third of a mile north Ic-reeswest (N.tr W.) from .Vich b'ock, and near!\ iii line to Seal Itock; am. nearly midway ifii this latter ilaii;;er and Seal Kock there is a small, black rock Just abo\e water. Tiie.se iiiintioned daii;;ers lie nearer and to the eastward of White Conical Uock. H7((7( Conlcdl /I'oiA:— This rock lies in the middle of the gnaip ; it is a small rock, about \ Icet hifih, nearly tai tlic iiiie between West Conical Kock and Table llock. It lies i; -ily ihir I of a mile iioMli Ibily one di^;rees west (N. IT W.) from Arch Kock. /•',(/ /,'«(•/,• is a low rock, about foitvvardsin extent, Iviiij;' on the line between Table l{ock lux Kock, distant three ipiartei IIIlT. ■I I ird >f a mile t'roin the former, and one and a half miles from It lies on the western limit of the group and there are no known dangers outside of it he oull,\ing Fox Kock. A ipiarlcrof a mile to the northeast ward of it lie the sunken \ i^ilile locks of the group. SkiI /,'(/<■/,.- -This is on the eastern side of the group; it is a moderately large rock, tilty three liiuli, generally rcsiuted to by sea lions. It lies nearly (Uie(|uarter of a mile soiitli thiily CIS east (S. ;>() ' i:.) trom Table Kock. It has ilanj;ers clo.sc under the west side; and two Mil- ilaiigcrs in the kelp to the cast ward ;ind northeast ward. The tirst ;.f these is a suithiu . icported to break vciy .seldom, and l>ii:g nearly oneipiaiter of a mile south eighty three I (S. .s:; ' i:.) fiom it : the other is ii rock visible at low tide lying the .same distance IS east (.' iliirty seven degrees east (N. ;!7 I'J.;. ;^ IV m 1 il f^ '/:Si:.' 'Iff 4^^ 1^ M-i! I I'Acinc COAST ni.or. liiiiiiiil ItKfk. — rilis i> ill tlic ini(lii]), and lies u (inaiicrnr li-n- iiiiiii. mill' sunt li llhiiv ruin dri: icis west ^S. ;!P \\ .) iVniii 'raldi' Ituck. It lies in III.' iiiiil.sl of da Tlic I nil' from lalilf I!o'i, to l\<\ l!iicl». licariiiu: soiitli lliiit v funr d(';;ret's west (S. ,">P W'.i, p over lioiiiid Kociv a I oni' iinartcr of a mile from 'I'alilc I lock ; a cliisU'r of siiiihrn /• i7,,v at a little tlian half a mill'; I'Mat lioik at tliicf i|iiart('rs of a iiiili'; and l"o\ IJock at t wo and a (|iiart;i' iiiili>. Siiii'irc W'lilli Uml;. — 'I'liis is in the norlliwi'sti'iii part of tlic nionp ; it is alioiit sixty \ar.|s m I'Xtciil and scvciiiy two fi't't liii:li. It lii's iicaiiy lialf a iiiili' soiitli lifty di'^'ici's wisl (S. .'lO \V^ from 'l';ililc iJnik. 'I'lii'ii' au' no iiiimcdialc ilan^'ris to tlir west ward ot it. 'I'lio line from I ihl,. li'oi'k to tins rock passes just hctwccn two clusters of sunken rocks at nearly one tliiid nf a inil,. I'roin tile tormer. l.i'Hii llnuvn li'dil:. — This rock lies on llie western side of the jiroiip neail.\ half a mile Niniti, se\cntvsi\ de;;ices west Irom Talilc W tins iM aiinu' |)asses almost oxer a small hlaek iml, one-ci^lii h of a mile from l.onu I'liown l>'ock. This rock is one hundred yards in cMent nortli I south and rises to seventy feet in elc\ ailmi. It hasscNcn to ten tatlioiiis of water close .iiMiiii,| it. and no snnkeii daiij;ers to thewestwaid. Nearly oneipiaiter of a mile imitli (illy di jiio west (N. oH \\'.) from it. or towards the Northwest K'ock. lies a small rock aliovc water. I.iiiiii' Uniini li'iirl,- lies one quarter of a iiiile west (W.) from T.ilile K'ock. .\ licld of Im 1], sircteiies fiom Talile itock ])ast the north side of this lock and (lilt to the small visilile lock Imii^ livei'iuhilis III' a mile west from Table loiek and nearly a ipiai'lcr ot' a mile iiortliwcst lialf \m ni Iroiii l.oii h'ne l-'iiiil ijii-iiikI is fmiiid slieiehiii.L; I liree qiiai lei > of a inileexactlv north (N.i I'roni Table 1.' with soiindin;;s of only ihree and three and a half fathoms anion;; a heav.\ liclil of kelp. \^ I'AcirK; cuAsr I'li.or. 383 < tlic iicirtlifiimiost |iiiil (if lliis reel'. The stciuii rdllicr Viflnriii stnick ii](()ii w rock in (lii jpiiiiil ill NoM'iiiluT, ISS.I, wlicii coiniiij; tliniiigli the Oifdid Cliiiiincl tVoni the iiortliwiinl liiindcil iiciir I'oil Orfonl to keep Iht IVoiii siiikiii; mill «iis ••* riiis Colli ;j;iniiiiil is two iiiitl a liall miles soiilli liy west (S. l>y W .) troni ("aiic Orl'onl Lifjlit li,iiisi', ami livi' ami a liaH'iiiilcs iioilli by west, o!ic(|iiarli'r west (\. Ity W. \ \\ .) IVoiii Tii'ln-iioi's |;,M K. 'rill' iiorllifiiimcisi pail of it lies just one mile iioitli scvfiity-t wo tlcj;rt'f.s t-ast (N. IL'"' 1',. Ml I liy N. i; N.) Irnm ilu' Noilliwcst K'ock. Tin rclorc a vessel in entering' or leaviii;^Mliu eliaiiiiel (1,1 l%iii)W liir pid\iiiiily In iliis (laii;;ei' liy Iliis lieaiiii;; ami tlie ran^ic of Talile l.'oek ami West ( cal i.'oik, with \rili itoi'k open to the southeast o!' tlmt raiij;('. Another iany:e is Jvlooqiteh l.'.i.I, III! wil'i 'i'lcheiior's lluck. IliKiii lUidk .Vi)(7/(.— This rock lies iiiitlway Iiefween Table l.'oik ami Nortliwest iJoi-k, and is. Willi (he e.\eeplioii of Hie latter loek, the iiorthwesterniiiost pail of the ( )i t'onl Iteef. When \w |i;isse(l within a mile of it we estimated it as showing;' four feel alio\e water, and it always has ,1 liii.ik upon it. The line of soiiiidiii'^s niniiiii}; alon^^side of it shows ten and a half fati.xns of H iiei, over line j:i'avel, eiose under its eastern side, and no kelp. There is iiiiolliir mailin nick, visible at ixlieme low tides, lyiii;L; two hundred anil seventy live \ i]<\- iiorlh of this Heavy Ureak ; there is a depth of Iwehe falhoins of water elose alonj;side of i! \\ f did not see it break, 'i'liere is no kelp around it, but a lar;;e line to the northwanl siiiichiiiL; from the foiil •ground east ofTable Itoek towilhin four hundred vaids of the North we.st. I m riiis sunken lock is supposed to lie half a mile south eighty-two de^Tees ej.st (S. SI!'' Iv) from ■Air Niiriliwcsl lloek, and li\eei;;lilhs of a mile iiortii lifty t wo de^iices west (N. TiL'" \V.) from r.iMe Itock : but it is very duiibi till if this danger exists. \'>iihin-'~l L'liil.. — This small rock foims the mu ihwestern limit of tlie Oifoi'd ]!eef. It is ., I sixty \ards ion;;, east and west, narrow, and has two sli;;lil heads on it. It is twenty feet , I'. M' water, and has di'ep water all around it, alllioiij;h there are no soiiiidiii;;s obtained \ eiy 1 : i~c to it, but it alwa.v s shows a liieak around it. The lU'iith ot water onelhird of a mile to the •\i-\ is IweiitN tniir fathoms over hard sandy bottom: Mid oneijuarter of a mile to tlie north by ., I I a ilepi h 111' t w eiil.N three fathoms is found ; but between these there is a depth of only e!e\eu I i:liiiiiis, at one cpiai teidf a mile to the nnrthwcst. ( )iie ipiai ter of a mile to i he easl-nortjieast is iiiiilhwcsi limi I (if the kelp Held which stretches from iiorlli of Table Koi'k I lie Ndi tliwc>t Itock lies three miles south lwciit,\ se\cn decrees west (S. L'T W.) from ('a|ie iii;iii(l l.iulil hoii>e ; and six and one ipiaitei' miles iiorili sixty-live deurees west (N. tl."! W.) Irom i IriK nor S hOCiv I'kiiii it l"ox Uock bears south eiijht de';ree s west ( S. S W, istant two and llmd miles; and llie "Heavy llreak Soutii" southeast of I'ox llock bears south twenty-four llrjlre :east (S. L'l ' Iv i. two miles distant. / V,7(/,V (;/' Ulp II dillcient aieas from (Uie mile easl-noitheasl of the Noithwest li'oek to the I III end of the fold ;; round alread.\ desci ibcd as stretching; north three ipia iters of a mile from !m(' Itoek. The western and imuc slraj:L;iiiif;- parts ol' the kelp are in sixteen fathoms ot' watei'; (:i>leiii and more compact licid.s liaxe li\ e to I hree fathoms aiiioii};' them. Ibit they are .ery i>e, and it is iiossible that isolated ba,\onel rocks iua,\ exist. /■'ii)7(/-v( '•' « lUimjiis. — .Mlhoiii;li we have not described t'aeli individual danjier. yet there are liss (hall toilv- ^c\ell islet.- •ks, ami sunken locks in the Orfnrd llcef, excii tlr partly subdi\ idiii;; siicii siindlcr j^ioiips as the Slcamlioat Uock. The compactness ami iveiiess of these dan;;i'rs are maikcd fcatnies ol' the (h lord li'eef; any \essel approachiii;;' it I I lluck weal he ma\ be III daii;;t'r when she iia^ not less tiniii I hiit.\ falJKuns of water. II Mil - lnnp, 'I'liis ^^roiipol danjicrs has been known as the Oiloid l.'ccl since lS,"iU. \\heii c(Uiiiii>^ down • Mst III ITsiil.a I'eroiisesays his laliliideal noon was 1. ."i.v .'iC. ', and that I wohmiis afterwards las abreast ol nine small islands or rocks l\ini;aboiit a lea;;iie oil t 'ape lilanco, which bore east one-(|iiarler east (true). He called them the '• Isles Necker," evideiilly this Orford Keel .Mioiit two miles westward of the reef Telieiikoll' ;;i\ cs a soiiiidiiiu III forl,\ three fathoms. The Ulitiini lui/. — It IS Usual to consider I he reef slrctcliin.u out fiem the shore under Cape M.iid Miutiieastward towards the Orfiuil J{eef as distinct I'lom the latter be<'ause the Orford ■I nil IS bet ween llieiii. the liy(lro;;iaph\ oil this cape has not been coiil iiiiied north of a line southwest half W( si lioiii (Mpe Orford I.i-ht. oil which I he soiiiidin,i;s are cairied out to twenty-seven fathoms of water El' iiil \l § ;si rAciiic coAsr ni.or. at tliiri' ami two lifilis miles t'loni tiic slioic. Tlit- iiMlicalioiis arc tliat tin' iiiic dC tt'ii talli" siirniiiiuls till' <'a|<(' at a ilistancc of oiii> ami a hall' iiiilos I'nnii tlic lli:lit liunsi'. W'itliiii lliis in, art' scM'ial (laiij;ris wliicli arc iniportaiit as ftuniiii^' tlic iioitlicaslcin lioiindaiv uf tlic iioiilh I'litiaiicc to tlic Oilonl ("lianiii'l. Thirtii ti /lit A'm/.. — At iicailv one ami a half miles south iliiitv ti\e ile^rces west (S. .I."! ,\ IVoin Cape Ort'iii'd I.ij;ht there is t'oiil ;;roiiinl. « iih a sunken inek ha\iii;;onl> Ihiitei'ii li,; , walei' iipoii it. 'I'lieie is kelp a short (li>ianee to the north of it wlierethe depth isliNeainl ipiarter I'ailionis, Iml none is niarkeil to (he north and s.iiiiheasl. Nearl rl\ one iinarter ola mile north from this thirteen t'eet roek. oi in the di reel ion of 1' Koek, and distant lii>ni it halt' a mile, lies a siat The kelp lies between these two (lan;;ers. /,(/( itwh' which nearly ah\a\ s shows a !> Alioni t vNo linndied and littv \ards to the cast .>onlheast of this daiijicr thei c IS a lie three and three quarters fathoms, hut farther on the same bearing; the depth increases ii> , n fathoms in a (piarlcr of a mile. This thirtei n feet sunken rock lies exactly on the ian;;e ot i , lii;,'hest iioints ni' Table i;oel> and Areii lloci^, of the Orford lU'cf, beaiinj; south thiitccn dcmii> I'ast (S, i;i i;.i. It is distant tuo miles from Table Kock. /i'(»i/,. — A lon;r. iiariow. black roek lies one ipiarlcr of a mile northeast b,v east (N M. li\ I from ihc thirteen tect >iinl,en roek. ll bears south tucntv-ciuht (Iej;rees west (S. US \\'.), d|Ni n; one and oiicipiai tcr miles from the lij;ht house; and south xnilheast (SSI',.) ti\ e cinliiiis di ,, mile I'rom ruainid liock. which lies directly otV the cape. 'I'hc diicclioii of the rock is iioi;!, northwest and south southeast, pointiii;: ilirectly to Tyiainid Woik. It is abiuit oiu' hiindrcil d twenty the yards lonu. and there is a patcli of sunken rocks inside its southern end. A siu i!; Held of kelp lies a ipiaiter of a mile to the eastward of this rocli, iind tlieic is a depth ot mk fathoms bet wi'cii them. / i/ninii) I Kork.—Jh IS daii;;cr a? seen from the west southwest is a sharp, pyramidal, b rock, oliinatcd to be ci.uiitx feet hi;:li. The whole extent of the priiici|)al lock and ll ones. l>iu;,' in a west souihwcsl (lircctioii otV its noitliwcst point, is two hundred and Mil li lies oiM' mile broad oil' the ca]ic and bears south si\t\ three de^'iees west ^.'^. (i.'l W., fro e S'li.i ;i I buhl bouse There arc i, o \isible rocks laid down (Milsidc i<\' il, ami no soumlin;^s ha\i obtained near it. Inside ot' it thcie is a line ol \i>ibleaml sunken rocks, l\iny; luirthiuutl and >onllisiiutheast for half a mile, be;:iniiin^' onceij;htli of a mile eastward of ibs south | Inside of tlie-e ale ]ialchtN of kelp ami visible ami siillkcli Kicks. Tl ;lithsofa mile south southeast from rvramid Itoek is a small black roek: and same course, ljve-ei;;liths ut' a mile dist ant, lies the loii^, narrow roi k already dcsciibed. Tin; t>i;i(ii;ii ciiannki,. 'II: This milew ide jias- ii^f lies between the outer ( >rfoid Keefand the iiine:- lilaiico Keif. Ii of the eiu lit fathom lines it may be icckoncd one mile w ide in the liariowot pal 1, except one ca.vinoillieast from 'J'able liock, w lieie there are .•-oiindin;:s shovviiij,' very irie;,'ular bottom, seven and se\eii and three qii. liters to twche talhoms of water across the elianiiel. le ih.iniiel is not >tiaij;lit, but ill the cm \ in;: pal 1 the depth is thirteen fathoms ; l)et\ le to the eastwaid, tilt' distance is tw(i ami T the leel' and the three f.itlioin line, niidcr the sin half miles, ,ind the depth ol' w, Iter .-ix and one li. ill totweht' fathoms; illid between the ( h ■ i Keef ,ind I'oit Orfoiil Head, a dis laiiee of thu c and oiiehalf miles, the depth of watei lai.,' Irom ti'ii to twciitv fathoms. ;\II.IN(i IHHDiTInNS. $\ I A \essel leaxiii;,' I'oii ( bl'ord and |ia>siii;; half a mile tuitside of the Tichenor's and Kloi Koeks >l|niild steer fioni Tielielnu's itoek north forty-seven dej^rees West (N. IT \\ .) live ami . miles, when Cajie Ort'ord Ia;:ht house will bear north (N.). Table liock soiitii tweiits de;;recs ,S. Ill NV.). ami the Norlhwi'st Ibick north sixty det,'rees west (N. (KlMV.) ; ami the vessi 1 ■ , ' thei iN. I lie 111 mid pa>>a;:c 71 W At tlii> posi lion ehaiiue the course to north seventy-one de;;fce: and mil one and three i|iiarleis miles to clear all jiossible danp'rs oil the I'danco I' At the change of coiiise the depth of water is twelve fathoms; at the end of the coiir.-e twent\ lallioiiis. (' ill;; lioiii the north a vessid miisl keep t\ dies outside the li;;lit house until it iioith lifty de;,'recs ea>i (N. ,jo I!.) and Table Itoek south thirty de^jrees ciiKt (S. .'il» ll.), "li- I vi * I'ACll'IC ('((AST I'll, or. MSf) liKlr iiioii' tliiiii two iiiilt'.s; tlit'ii liiuil ill cii.sl It.v Koiifli llircc i|iiiiil('is south (M. Iiv S. 'f S.) Idwaiils tin lii;;lii'st l»art of llic ,v«'ll(i\v liliitV lictwccii I'.lk IJivcr iiml I'ml OiIukI licail. Wlifii llic lit;lit li(';r- iiiiilli (N.) iiiiil tlif Norlliui'st li'dck lu'iirs sdiitliwcst hy west liiilf west (S\V. Iiy \V. .\ \V.) vti'i I <-(iiitliciist (SI'',.) Iiv«' aiitl a lialt' mill's to clt'ar 'I'iclifiior'.s Kock hall' a mile. A sliipiiiastfi' accustoiiu'd to run li.v raiip's may iiiakt' a stiaifjlit course tlirouyli the Orford Chiiiiirl, as follows: liM'omiii;; lip till' roast soutinvanl of Port Orforil, luiii^' ("a](i' Oilonl I-ifiht-lioiiso to boar 11,11 ! i.\M'sl liy iioitli (N W. by N.) ami keep it iM-aiiiij; so until tlif m'sscI is lu'ariy our milt' jiast tlio Kl jiii'li Hock. This course will run within oiiethii'il of a mile of that roeU, lint there is ]ilenty ni u iler. over twelve fallioiiis, anil no known sunken ilan;;ers. When almost one mile past Kioo- ,;iii h Itock the southeru extremity of 'riclieiior's IJoek shonlil lie on with tiie eastern extremity of M">i|iieli K'ock ; if they are not on, lirinj^' them on, anil oliserve some point of the lanil to the . iii;li\varil of lliimlmi; Mountain in i'an};e at the same time, ('liaise the course to tliat ran^^e, uliK h Is north lift.\ live i!c;^rees west (N. .")."> W .), aiiil run closely on it until Pyramid Itock of the l;i.! ic ,1 Keef is on with the lif^lil house, when yon will lie all clear of the reets ami may shape your , ,: ..• accoriliii;;ly. On this raii>,'e the closest approach to the ilaii;;ers ot' tlie (tifonl lleef will bo .,;:i liiiiil of a mile on the port hainl, when the lon;^', narrow. lilaeU roi'k ami the Pyramidal Kock I ,r I'llaiM'o li'eef are in ran;;e; and the closest aiiproaeh to the tliirleeii feet rock nf tlie lUanco :. ' ! \\ ill 1 rliaiiiiel. I'.vcn the lar;;er steaniers frei|nently ^ro throii;;h this "haiincl when Imund northwi'.rd diiriii}! ■|ir inavy noithwcsl winds and the lart;e swell of the Mimiiiei monih.s, but ii is iinadvisable to do 1 :n uidinaiy weather; and when the atmosphere is lia/y or the foi; is I lireatciiiii;;- to come in, a I .-■ 1 should not attempt the passaj:e. All the smalici- coast in;r steamers ;_'o tliiim;;li the channel. As a {general diiection to vessels passinj;' through the ciiaiiiiel, iiioie especially apidicable to ^ lil ii;,' vessels beatiii;;' through, this may be f,'i\eii : Keep to tl astuard of all the kelp border- irj ■\i\- Orlbrd lieef, and especially a\oid the kelp in tin' iioitheiii limil of the reef because there. . Kiimwii to be fliree fathoms ami possilily less in it wlu'ii 'I'alile Koek and West Conical Pock ai'O ;, riiiue. The steam collii r Victofiii is supposed to lia\e struck in this jiateli. And care must i»e ,1.1 11 to avoid the daii;,'eis of the lllanco Peef where the kelp iloes not leaeli out cpiite so far as • r iinki'U rock with tliiileen feet of water upon it, the outermost known danuer of that reef, and > Ii,' h lies on the raii;re oi' the lii;iliest point of Table l.'ock and .\rcli Pock. .Miove all, keep out : lie kelp, and if in an cniei'fieney a vessel should hajipcu amoiiu it. run tliroiij,'h any lanes of ,.ii water that may l(e practicable rather than throii-li the thick part ol the field. I >ii the <'oast Survey chart the passage is called the Steamer (ha iiiiel, which was a provisional , iii adopted in the reconnaissance of ISo.'?. It Is usually iissiimed that Martin de .V;;uilar, conimandliiu the second of Vi/caiiio"s vessels, •iMJicd the latitude of l;'> where he foumi a white point, which he called HI Cabo I'.lanco. where ■!;.' oast beirins to stretch to the uiuthwest. There is no jiroof that he was in this latitude be- •hi the fact of his having sailed with a .southerly wind northward of Iteddiiit: I{ock. It is II IC probable that he was not much lii;;licr than the latitude of IL' . and that he attempted to ■ ; '.I Smith's Piver or the (lietko; because he says that near Cape I'.laiico there is a lar^rc river ■i- much water, deep, and haviiii; its banks coveieil with ash trees, willows, and other Spanish ri-: and he was desirous of puttiii;; into it, but the currents prevented him. It is not very ':l,i l\ that he was as hij;li as the K'o.uuc Piver, because that dan^'crous reef would have made him : iii.jciitly keep outside of it in southerly weather. No meutioii of such a river is made on Viz- '"s chart, which only p)es to latitude IJ , and the important landmark of the Orford Peef is ".inlin;;. Ill the voya^'c of the Sidil and M< liatini, in IT'.t'J, we have the coastline from Mendocino to ' nc Orford fairly well laid down on a small scale, with the important reefs in );(">d relation. I I'l- chart desi;;naics the cape as C. lUaiico de Martin dc Aciiilar. Ill the second expedition of Don I'.rnno de llcceta, in the S(iiiti,iiii>,m \:">, he mentious tliat '■■' I iiiliide I.} there were "ten small islets distant one and a half lea^iiics from the laud, together >M!li many sunken rocks." in tliin expedition the schooner lulicithul [Siinont) was separated from IT'.Ml V C l-T* '^ ■■\ ( :'it li I 886 i'.\( ii'u: coAsr I'li.oT. till' rii;,';itf, 1111(1 Don .Iniiii dc la r.oilfua \ .iii ol' IT.'id and 17<1(>). Thr name Ononl was ^ivcn liv N'amonMr in I T'.ti', ami lir placed il in lalilndi' IL' 'C . (ii: the "e>|ern coast iliis inline is the more ''eneial!\ nx'd. hiitlot de Mnl'ias on li is elicit calls it ('. I'.laneo de A ;^ Hilar. I)ili;;eiieias. or Oilunl ( ls| i rilteeii miles West l>.\ lioitli (Voin Cajie Oiluid l.a I'lionse stales that he had soiiiid in •. u; seventy live t'alhoms. We tiist \ isiled the cape in isr.l in select a iiosition (or the li;:ht house, and in I.S,"i.i we Im^ ,i,.|| the principal islets of the reef. In jsiiit ;i s|iecial ciiait oT this re;,'iiiii v\,is published liy the I s. <\iast SiiivcN. The views li'oin ditlereiit dii lions cleails exhibit the cliaiaclerislies ol' the reel' isicH. .iiiij also tlio pecidiai'itli's and relation of the cape to the mainland. DK.Krsi'.A SiHNDIMiS nlT CAl'i; (UM-'i il.M). ill «f 1 If I m These s\ the I'. S. steamship Tiisninini on the L'ltli and -."ith d Or toller. IsT:!. l>i-.t;itir. ;»lMn»';trltiC ii.Hij I 'up. ciir..i.i ilit.t. :'.■: N -0 w ;iii N -e \v SB N -KJ u l..ll>tlhlr in« •A \V ICll S. >•'■'• w .•ri;;ilMili> Ijr. II ij -t r.'.- 1" l), pill ll'';llirrllll.Mt> 'lial.i. In nl bull. .Ill ;i.'>. i^ rl:i\ unit tiiiiil. I I'lay, mini. ;iii<1 H|H'rkH ..I l.hi. 1. saml. I, nut , Willi i.,iiti.li>...r ^.ni.l \". li.tW IiIi.WII ih./f Till liiiriilKim Insliiifi i'.iluii Cinniit. — The hiinn, a steam launch (innniiii; from .\ SlOII.I 111 11 Waco) \\ .1 s toued 111 near Cape < (rturd. w heie .-.he was cast ot1, and then til i fled north waul in tin l)a\idsoii Inshoie laldy Ciirreiil to the Alse,\a llixei, a distance of niiielvlive miU-.s. Tin; roAsr mumhwai;!) ni- cait. (iim'oki). hi i- iM' ilenn-nl J\ntHrfs.— Vvo\\\ Toiiil lloneta to ('ape Meiidociiio the extent of the shoreline is iwn hiiiidicd and twenty three miles ; and to ( 'ape ( )i ford three li'iiidred and ei;jlily miles. .\i ( ipi Mendocino the jircal laii^e of moniitains coiiiini; from the soiitlieast lireaks inimedialely iipnniin' coast line. The mountains from the noillieast do not reach Ihe coast so low dow n as the cape, nnl there is 11 Inoad xaliey near the shores occupied by llnmboldl l!ay, I'.el Kiver, .Mad l!i\ii..:i Thence iioi tliwaid the mountain masses come 'lose upon the coast in liei;:lits fioiii three to imhi' than four lliiiiisand feet. TIicm' mountains ha ve j;eneriil!y forests to tiieir siiiuiiiils ; all the \ :i!li \s arelii:i\il\ wdoded. In the laliliide of I'oiiit Saint ( leor^e the coast monniains are auain pn ^>iil eastw.iid to form the tlaiikiii;; masses of the .Siskiyou Kaiijje, which reinhes an elevation of hmt scMii thousand fi'ct at less than thirty miles fioiii the coa>l line. All these peaks are rcco-iu/iil li\ till' iiavi;rat>ir> as l.indfalis, but their j,'eo;,'raiiliical positions are not yet known. Theme to Caiie Oilord the riinj;cs are badly liiokeii, but they press ii]ioii the slmrc in lii^'li, wooded cresllines of two thousand to three thousand feet elevation. Northward of < ip. Orford Ihe appearance and nature of llie imiucdiate coasl-line assume a marked chan^'c. IIp i. is a •.'(•neral breakdown in the coast moiiulaiiis. made more iMomineiit In the lii;,di, massive iim : i:- ain raiii'e behind Ihe Orford r.i;.dit. We reach Ion;; lines of hi;;h, bii^dit sand dunes, backul '.•■• low, )iiiie covered hills with ;:elltle slopes, he.idlaiiils of mmlerate hei^dil. (Mi the sea The lines of sand dii'e :; are broken by bold, i" face and Ihe sonthern sides of iiianv of these pp iient capes trees do noi ;;row. and tlii'V iireseiit a brij;ht, lively ;;reeii of fern, {.'riiss. and bii-i Tl le luoiintains lii'hiiii 1 these are not so lii;;h as to the .southward, and they have even less re;;nl.ii ilv of ciiiiliniiitv anion;,' tlieiii. The forests are very dense Ihroii^'h valley and over mountaii Tl le ''ciiera 1 line lit the coast is very slrai;;ht. and the rocky heads obtain promiiieiKH' Imiii~I wLollv on account of liie hnv, sandy shores on each side of them. A marked feature thence to ihc rAf'IKIC (JOAST IMI.OT. ;cr for ••li |iiiient. I'lie river is usually known as Sixes itiver; in IS.'d it was called Sikhs llivcr, the Chinook ii.:cin"' name for friend. The Indian villa;,'e upon the Sikhs was called the 'I'eche'hipint, and : I .1 name for the stream is Sa'-ipne a- ine, '/'»// UiH'U. — This is a rocky islet lyinj; one ndle north (N.) from Ca]ie Orford lii;;lit-lmiise. It M'ly irre;,Milar in outline, three hnmlrcd yards In extent, and, as seen fiom the westward, liiiM'iits a black, .ia^;;;ed sea-face, with the summit maiked by two knobs; the principal one, at •ill sdulhern l>art, is the lii;:hcrand reaches one hiindied and eighteen feet in liei;.dit. There are I I Ks and ilaii;ier8 (tlose around it, and between it and the sliuie. A duster of snukcii rocks lies . I tile less than lialf way towards the northwest part of Cape Orford. Cii.sllc ]\ii(k IK a rocky islet lyiiifi thiee hundred yards olf the mouth of the Sikhs River, and I'll- and a. half miles north by east (N. by I'].) from Ca|)e Oifi.id la;;litliouM'. It is two hundred > Ills in extent and rises abruptly to a lici;;ht of one hundred and ei;;lityei;;lit feet. The surface I- iiiiken by two or three irrc;;nlar knobs; when seen timn the iiuithwcst the not tlicast face ■ M I han^js sli^jlitly. There are ei;;lit or ten low rocks near ami iiiomid it, besides many «""ken III ks. The farthest outl\inj; rock is three huiiilred and till.N \ards to the sontliwestwai '■ This rock is ipiite distinctly made out from ten or twehe miles to seaward on accoui • its M.ick front breakin;,' the white line of dunes and sand beach. There has been no liydro;;!apliic, survey made iu the viciiiit\ of Castle Hock ami CiuU liock. I'.Uicldork I'dIiiI. — This is the prccipitoi's, rocky point tliice miles north two-thirds east (N. i; K.) In III Cajie Orford I,i;,'h1 house. The clilfisaboul one hnmlicd and ninety feet hi;jh. with a slnirp I t juttin;; out about three hundred ,\aiils. 'fins sharp point is ii ^ji und its bast' is bordered i',\ many rocks stretchin;; out toward Tower Ifock and beyond, with iihiiin rocks ami daiif^ers on i: ' Miiitli 8ide, On the north side of the clilVpoint there is n very deep, narrow ravine. There iH no trees on top of the clilf for several hundred _\ari') 'i;: 'k ; but two or tliiee buililiu;;s, 111. inn;,' as a lar^je, bri/^ht, low house, aie seen from Mcawaiii apparently Just southward of the I i :l point, but in reality they are on the clitV three humlred yards north of the point. 'flic clilVs to the north of the point are formed of a very tine ^;raiiied lead colored aaiulstoiie, -i t;ilik> for buildin;;' purposes, now beiii;,' i|iiairieil. ■flie shorelini- between Sikhs Kiver and this point is a narrow line of sand dunes, avera^^in;; ' 1 lily feet in hei^jhl, and a rather broad low-water sand beach. The blnlfs rise behind this to I 'II liiindred feet, with a moderate slope, showin;; ipiite ;;i'een ; and a notable feature alou;;' this i irl stretch of shore-line is thi^ forest of pine«, half a mile in extent, north and south, on tho ^1 ilie of tli« tablehiiul, and comiujj dowii to forty feel above the wiiter. ,- ^ki III..,. asH I'AcrKic (iiAsr iMi.ur. IHiiiLliirl; l.dntliiiii. — < HV IiliU'kliM-k roiiit llirif is a line III' liijjli ami low i-iuKm cvlriiiliii;,' III i'iit'\ I'll lini> til I III* siuitliwi'st fill' lira lis tliiri'-i|iiartrrH oi a iiiili'. 'I°lii> lini* in iiaiiiiw and imi i ni lilMliiils. |''iir tlirci- liiiiiilii'il Mil'ils Imiii llir |iii||il |||i> iiia>srs ut' lork lirai l\ Iciitrli i>iit> aii'i in ami iiM- til |iiiints nl'iiiii' liimdrril |iu'i;;lil\ Irrl in liri;rlit. Toinr /I'lic/.' is tin- lii^jiirsi anil |iiii islfl ill this ii'i't'. It lii's t\Mi and srv rii ri;;lillis iiiilis iiortli (N.) Iiiiiii ('a|M> Oitnrd l.i;.'|il ll'llMi and si\ liiiiHliid and --I'M'iit vli\i' \aids simili si\i\ d r^iiTS \M st (S. tld' W .) II,, III II II' t'Xll III' till' pill III. It is liilii'tv > aids ill I'xii'iit and niir liiinilird iind I wriilv m\ IitI rlcv atinii. 'I III I, all' tui) links licl vM'i'ii il and tin- '/'/mm .v/s/ci.v. hI' v\ liii Ii I u n air |i\ lainidal links, almiil I'mh u,i ill i: 1 1, at till- I II II IT r lid III' till' i'ii|ii|iarl iri r, Willi sis la I In mis ul' w ali'i' l i'|iiii li'd iiinli'i' I licji -. side. Oiii>idi' III' till' 'I'liwrr l.'iirk !.■» a Mirk si\l_\ vaids in cxlriil and .iliniil I\M'IiI,\ I'i'i'I li^ii, distant iiiarl,\ iiall a iiiili' smilli liv xm'^I liall' wrst i S. I>y \V. .\ \\'.), witli amillii'i. al..iul Mils i, , i ill liri^lit, nnl.\ l"i> liiindri'd and sr\rnl.\ U\a' \;m'!s sihii Ii siniiliwrsl (.SSW.i rnim Tnwrr l.'iirK 'I'liiri' linnilii'd \arils rrmii 'I'iivmt Ifurk, and Iiimiiiil,' vmsI nuitliwrsi (W'N'W.) rnuii it, is a -iii ii: riii'k aliiiiit t\vi>iit,v t'lTt lii;:li. 'I'lirrr i|iiai'lris nl' a iiiili- suiiiliward rimii Tnwir li'urk llii'ii' . , link tiiiilv vaids In fXtrnt and alninl Iwnilx I'fi'l aliii\i' tin' sim. Il lirs sli;;lill> iirai, i Ci-I, Uiirk tiiaii 'I'liwi'i' 1,'iii'k and Just iiiilsidi' nl tin- liin- I'lnni llir i.itti'r In s III 1 1 II ml I I'd \ aids in wnltii, and irjiui Ird In liaM' >i\ la! In mis in tlii' iniddli-. 'I'lii'ir is alsn a |ia~- i « illl si\ la I 111 mis in ll. In tin' WrsI ward nl' I lir 'I'w III III irk. Iirtui rll it and a Inw inrk, almill III' I'l'i't Iiil;!i. l.\in;,' niidwa.v InMwrni Twin l.'mk and Inwrr llnrk. In till' lii;;lit foriiii'd li.\ tliiscmxid iitI' lir Iwn miiiLi n ihnuji is. Oni' rniisists «if t'.Vii >li |ininlN nl' a liirk l> ili;r tlllrr lilindliil NaiiN -.1111111 I'm I V I III it ilr; ins ra>l ( .S. I.'l Iv) fliMIl 'I'," 1,'iirk ; till' ntliiT and inner lUii'. liair at rxln ii II' \t<\\ lull'.' |\Mi liiimliril and sixl\ vai ;lil\ l\M) ilr;;irrs i-ast ( S. SL.' I!.i rinin 'Inw ir l.'nilx. 'I'Iu'si- Minkrll links nil' Irpnilrd li In I'iulit lallinliis 1)1' walrl' aniiind tliiin. ll is nndrrslnnd llial Imlli tlirsi' daii;;('l's \ >l'Vi'll ili',-liii\ I'll li\ ih naniili A wliail, tun linndird and lliill\ tlirt'i' vaids Inny;. has linn laiiird nilt I'lnlii tlio liiiili Ihi' mil I sldl' nl Ihi' I Mri'lnr Iniilll n\ rr I In' links Inu aids Tnu rl li'nrk. At itsrxllrliilh I ui'iilN -scNi'li li'i'I alniM' till and \i'>mI> ail' h I III' |,ia ili'il I'iniii tun lii' al ir till' whail. hi-adiliu In tlir smilliursl. in llili'i' and a li nun till' uliarl' a railrnad is ranird armss Ihr dri'ji I'lihli nxna liiiil;.M', tri'ii Inn I'l.ii.' Iliiliis III' u :i:i .ii'liri' alnii': i' lai'i' nl till' ililV Inr lliiri' hniiiin'il ni tiiiii hiinilii'd .\ari|s In Ihr iii'ilhuaid In llii' stiiiii' i|ii.i Insidi' ihi' Inadiny lirith llii' ilanj:i'is am lliiik and nna\ nidalih-. Aliniit nut' linndii'd ami varils In till- I'asl-siilllhi'asl nl TnuiT {{ni'k lliiTi' Is plarid a hi'ax.N liiinnilli; Imiii.N III M'Vi'll lai nl' U all'l'. < llli' M'S>l' u as In.iili'il Irnl 11 a u III' I 'a I ill' St 1 1 'I I'll I'd rrniii tin' liiji 111' till' I'lilt'tii a lliiilv I'l'i'i ! nick 1\ iiiir t u 1, liiindii'd and liliv \aids lin'n ihr rlill .mil din'iilv east nf Tnu it IJnik. ."sin iminii'd iiisidi' till' Mirk in tliii'i' and a hall' lallinms nl walrr. Althiiii;:li il is riaiiiird lliai 111, il can iiiil\ 111' ii'!ati\rl\ sn aiiinnu ha/.aidniis plari's : t'nrira vi'sscl lsdi>;i' Ilirli' is nn lin|n' III' sa\ iliu' hrl. .\ |ilinl n;;ra|ill nl I hi' w hai I' llnlii tlii'i alii'linia^i' l.> lli'Tr ami ^n-'S a>lin|r imlii'ati's thai il is a tlrm stnii'liin'. rniindrd ainniiL; Ihr links. On till- (nasi Siirvi'V ( harl nl't'api' < llmd and rri'l' I lii> |niiiil is ralli'd Itnrkx I'liiiil. Null I if lllarklni'k I'liinl tlm shini'-. air I'niil innril a. a liaii' I'lilV of aliniil tin lii'i;;lit as In llic smith Inr sninr dl^laiiii' : thru it i mil row Ia;;n(iiis; into this ciiiiilirs I'lnns (Hi nmth III ('api'l)rl'md. nils inin sand dillii'S lirliind whirli is a hi. '11 pciiiiii' (if tlii.s watiT is ainiiit ci.^lil h riiiiiMl.i.K liivr.l! Fnini Cajn' Orl'md la-lit In Ihi' mmilli nlllii' ('mpiilli' l.'ivcr, in latitude I.T HT', the coiii-' I'l the ('nasi line i> almii>l csaitly iimlli (N.) Inr ei;:lilei'll niilis. with a slight em \ c, nl' I u iiinil, I' the eastward alimil iniiluax. .Mniii; this shine the siiiinilin;:s i'aii;;e rrmii seven tn lil'teeii lalli!''!- it the distaliee nl' iine mile Inmi Ihe lieaili Nnilliwaid 111' I'"liii'es Cretdi the line iif sand ilmii III liiiiii ml lieavih wnnded, Inr the iiiaiu .sticiiiii of the (.'injuini' inliliniles III Ihe Cnipiille, risili;.; appaielillv In a hei;;ht (if .sevellt.V feet in some place: lhe.se ILl- L'ouiitiy is emupaiativel.v low a I'Acii'ic coAsr I'li.or. ;{«!) MV oMiifS ill fniin tlu' iioilluMsl wlicii'it iiciiily rfiiclics llic soutli loiK nt' ilic Kods IJivcr. 'I'licrc iiic liiii s of Inn III Uivv^i \ isililt' a slioi'l iljstiinci' iiiliiiiil. 'I'lic l.iiiiliiiiiik lov llif t'litiMiicc ol lliis sliciiiii is llic iiMi(l('inti'l,\ lii;;li jiiiil |)jiriiiill_v wooilcd lir iilliiiiil riiriiiiii^ llir Miiiili iKiiiii III' (III- iMitiaiiir. Tlie iiiiitli |iiijiit is ii litii;:, low, iiarniw .sjiit iit' (111 ny saml (liiiics covficil with ln'a\_v (liili luus, and wliii li iialiiially varies lis slia|i(', I'Xlciil, ami |ic. ,111011, accoKJiii;; til Ilic Corcc of the wiiiiir siiuiiis. 'I'lu' siiulli |iii:iil is a iiiri»y liliilV fniiii sivly im si> an> «lonl)tloNs a continuiiKiii of llio liijili idiUy masses otniie jtoint. r.iit outside this (lanpT and to tlie nort Invest ward tliere is a sunken rock njxm wliieli tin v, , breaks very seldom, and only when tlieie is a Iart;(> swell from the southwest. This dant;i'i I,, v on the i)rolon;;ation of the present jetty at the south side of the river, and a little mine flian om and liv .•ijihths miles from its seaward extrtniity. Tin 'laracter of the beach ami the dircrion of tiio swell suj;;;t'st that the reck has a \ertical face to iue sonfhwesf, and that it issharpal i : .• angles thereto. During;- the J.eavy swell the waier -.as disturbed l»etv,een the rock and the .sImu , as if thero was a deep lcd{,'e between them. V'roiu Topper's Ivoik *)n tln> soniii i>oint, this hid, leu ilan;rer lies north eiy;litylive dcj.'ii,s wtst (X. S.")*^' V.'.i, (iistant one and seven ei;;iili)s mii>'s; and from tiie two rocks awash oil In south point it lies north thirty eiylit de^jrees west ^^■. .'5.S" 'N'.), distant om' and (Uie ei};htli m: ■ This dan^;er has been named the ('oiiuille h'nck. Ciiiiuille Hock — Ihiiiji. — On the ll'tli of Ma\, ISS'.i, a /(>.s7 (7((.s'.v hm«/»»«.i/, painted red aini > tcred <■( )(^ri I.TFi in irlntr was moorcii in fourteen and a halt' fathoms of water about tw.i hiiiiil!' .1 yards wcsi-norlhwcst from tiie break on the Cotpiille Kock. From tile buoy the jetty is seen end on and bears east one-eij;hth south (1",. 1 S.I, distain :. and eleveiisixtci'uths miles. Tlie rocks a .vash off the south point ln-ar southeast three-(|ii,n ,;- south 'Si;. ■; S.l. The treopraphieal iiositioii of Tuppei's Kock, as determined approximately './y the ('..S. ( ,,,,■ and Cicodetic Survi'v, is : l.:ililU(li' I... itiult' ■i;! (If. i;i 111. nil The mauiietic variation in .lanimry, ISS.j, was I'.P Id' <'ast, with a yi'arl\ ini'H'a.se of I'.tl. /.(/«(//'; (N, ,.iS' i;.) ten and a (piailer miles Iroiu ('ajie Orloiil I.i^;lil house. Nearer the coast is east (N.al 1".. ) si\ tii and two thirds miles Itoiii Cape Orford l.i^'hthouse. I these ma\ be adilcd lliild luiliji , v't'^h', miles north t «fnt.\eif:ht degrees «'ast ;N.1'S ■ I',.); Iiliiiiiiil 7 nine and a half miles noith thiity-oiie tiegrees east (N. .'il^ K.), and Jhinl Tnv KhUje only i and a half miles ludiind the shoreline and twelve and a half miles north til'tcen dcfirees t.i- iN. i: nil Ciiie Oilord Li«lit-liouse. Dtsid 'I'ree liidiri' is seven miles southeast bv (SI"-, by S.) tVoiii t'oipiilie Point. In IS.sT tUtjitty iiinniiij; out linin the south point of the ('(wpiille entrance was on hiiiiiliiil and lliii'N yanls fnnii hij^li water m:irk to get ti'ii feet depth at the extremiix shoaling had taken place ami there w.is thi'ii only a depth of li\e feet. In I) eccmbci' tile Ilea \\ soul lie.i.-.i :.;ale (ill 1 ied awu\ one h II ml red feet near the middle set i L'acklil) l,'ii(k is twelve let t abo\e high water. lidii Ion, on the side i if the river J list inside iiie entrance, is a small tow n uf about twenty iim 1 \Mi miles Mtiitlieast of the tow 11 there is a small sa« -null with a eapacitv of cutting eight thoii feet of lumber a da\. li'muliiljih has eight or ten house; It IS .--i tiialed live miles from tliemoiithof the river, on li light bank. Piiiki rslniifi has aliout lilteen lioiHes; it is situated on the left bank of the liver about .scv. miles iiciiii the iiMiiitli. and ha-- a steam sawmill with a capacilx of thirty tlioiisand feel a d.i;.. (''■.j'lilli ('ill/ is a town cif livi liiiiidii'd nilialnlanls ; i( is situated on the right bank i.l ij rixci alioiit twenty three miles Iroiii iiie month. It is eoiinerted by road with ICcmis l!ay, and i • a daily mail ai'o stage. Cliiuiiii-s, < ic. — The opening of till river was never the same during consecutive season.-, h. IS.'jl the mnlherii sand pinnt streteheii southward and ended at these rocks, so that the eh.iiiiirl ran between them and the 1 liilf shore, and there was only three feet of water «in the bar. In lli" winter of that vcar the boats of theNlcamer Stn <;i/// could not cross the bar, but elVei'led a li.i/ ardoiis landing niidei the proleeiion of the iivks. Siibseipiently boats were brmight n\> liom I'l'M Orford by laml in order to e\ploie the iiver. In the livdrogniphie, recoiiiiaiH.sance of lS.")!)|lii' Ti" I'AM !•'!(! COAST I'li.OT. 39J 111 .iiili of tlui river liad moved lioilily to the iiortbwiinl iiiid opened seaward to tli. north of all tho I,., Ks except tlie I\itikli_l)' /i'"(7i-, whicli had jirev ioiisly heen anion}; tlu^ dunes and was then at tin' cxlreniitv of the north spit. There was lull three feet of water on the liar. In iSSO the (ioveiinnent «'n;;ineers developed a ]ilan for (iivinj; utahilitv to 'die ehannt 1 and ;i I nasiii}; the depth on the har to ten feet of water. IL is proposed to (Wrr.y a half tide Jetty (hmll.v west from the insiile south slirn* nearly threeipmrters of a mile fiorn llu! outer sonlii |., -.III. thereby tJirowinj; tiie watei' direetly aeross t!ie old soulli spit an 1 avoidin;,' all the roeks of I lie reef out l.\ in;;' the south shore and south head, and lea\ii';; the KaekT V Itoek, two hundred .11 il .-.eNcnty \aiils to the north .!•< the extremity ol' the north point. About live hundred anroveinents of tht^ inoulh led to a regular tiallic, and in the seasons of ISS.'J, ISSI.and !•->.■( (lm^ hundred and sixty-six coasting vessels entered the rixfr. One of these vessels had a iM|iacily of l.">(t,tllK) feet of lumber. Hexcral sehoiniers of one hundred tons have been Imil' t!!er<', .i::il two large sawmills have been erected on llie ii\( r, one of them six iviles from the month and ilii' other tonrteen miles. The ri\er i.i navigated by light-draught boats for forty miles; small I .Msleis ascend t Wi'iityeigh' miles. The valley is very ]iioducti\e; the forests contain tir, wliite II liar, oak and myrtle. The Coipiille IJiver is in the collectitin district of S(MUhern Oregon; Mnipiie City, (Hi K(»os l'.;i\. is till' port of entry. When a vessel is a little lo th(> norl liward of this river the white houses of the \illage of l.iiicloc., lui liic left bank of the ri\er, about one ipiarter of a mile from the entianee, are visilile .ni ilie noiUieily slo) , of the hill near its base. In \S'il the miners were "ngaged in washing the auriferous sand and gravel at the back of the liiMch under the bliilVs. In approaching this pa'.t of the coast in 1S"»I we encountered a very Ik avy swell, with the v.ilei changing to a «laik-l'rown color ; an.l afler passing throngli it the ves:.el tacked oil' shore, 'M'\e to, anI. ( Ir. ill I mir S'' 17'" aii'. Tile niagnetie, variation was I!i l."i' cast in .laiiiiai\, 1SS,"(, with an annual increase of I'.L'. VVi/f.v. — The approximate ( "oirccled l''.>lablisliineiil. or mean intei\al beiween the time of the HHiii's iiicndian transit and tin' time of hi-li water, is \1'' 11"", and the mean rise and fall ol' the HJrs is lour ami foiii tcnliis Int. The dill'eieiice between (heconecled eslablishiiienl of the I III. and p. 111. tides of the same da.\ is 1'' •_'. tor high water and tC' -Id'" for low water. Winn iie moon's dccliiialion is giealesl these dilS reiices become, respectively, '_"' I'_"" and 1' "-'S'". The limits of thtse tides (litter one and a h If teet lor high water and two and a half feet for low .Iter, and when the moon's declination is greatest these iiiimbeis are two and a half and four 'I I, lespectively. These (piantities are deduced from the observations at I'nrt *>ilbi(l. To lind thi' limes and heights of each tide Ihidiighont tho year consult the I'aeilic ('oast Tide lalilcs published aiiiinall\ by the T. S. Coast and (Icodetie Hiirvey. l''oitlie iciiiiiied tides takt^ oiil the numbers for high and low waters at .\storia, and from ilii' gi\en time of high water siililiacl 1'' <•.'! iid troni the lieii;lil subtract two feel ; froni the given nine of U>w water subtract 1'' tt'i"'", and the giseii height needs no ( irr(^etion. 3!l2 PACllIC COAST riLOT. S ii The bearinjis and distances to prominent objects from tlio mouth of tlic river aro as follows Capi' Oil'iiid Liglit-liiiiiHc S. ;l K, Irt inilos. Fox Kock.iif llu- Oil'ciril HiH'f S. li \V. 'J-J^ miloB. Ciiiic (irij;oiy I,i),'lit-lioiist> N. '.I \V. 1HJ milos. The Indian nairfl' of the river is Kolikel'. l,a rciiiiisc ill 1780 passed down the coast, in moderately thick weather, south of Tillan k Iltad, and when he aiijiroaehed Cape Orford he i)laeed on his chart Cape 'Jole«lo about ten i ,i, noitli of Orfoid. There is no such head in that situation, and tho nearest point is tiie south Ih'.ki of the CoiinilU'. Tebeiikoir on his chart of ISIS calls it Cape Toledo. OIV the line of coast between the Co(|iiiiU' l>'i\ cr and Cajie (ire^ory there is one Boundiiiu ni twenty fathoms laid down nearly two miles Ironi the shore about halfway between the two puni- named. COAST NORTH OF THE C0QUILI,K UIVER. For fiiiir miles north of the river there is a sandy beacii backed by sand dunes that stK u i; inland from one half to one mile to the ed};e of the forest. Fiir niilr Point. — At six miles north seven dcfjrees west (N. 7'' W.) from the river then i small point of rocky clilV about sixty feet abovc^ tlii^ water, with a cluster of rocks ten to |..i , feet hi;;h extendinjj; out one third of a mile. This point is live and a (piarter miles southeast Ii.mi Cape (iicyory. The clitVs extend lor ni'arly two miles south of the point to the Coipiille diiiH - The small .si ream eiii|ityiiij; about lialf a mile south of the [>oint is calleil Whiskey Hun. The small coaslin-f steamers, when bound northward in heavy summer weather, hii;,' (In-, around the rocks olV Five mile Foint and ket'p outside of a small, low, black rock, bare ai l.iw water, that lies just ono mile to the north-northwestward of the outer part t)r the reef. This In- rock, which is half a mile otT the shore, has a sunken danger two hundred and flfty yards in-; li of it to the east-southeast. It shows a break only at low water. From Fivt' mile Point northward the shore line falls back very little, and is formed by liuh, rou;:li clills, toity to ei;;lity feet alioxe the water and wooded to their edjj;es, which are Inc. Kin down by iliu-e .-iinill stuanis in the lirst three miles, l^ach stream has a st'ttler's house iicai i!:. mouth. Tlicn for two miles to the cape the clills are steeper, higher, ami rougher, and wouil. .|, this line is broken by the "Sevt'ii Devils" (for description of which sec Cape (!rej;ory). The rli;i- ian;;e lidiii ttiie liiindicd to two liiindred and lifty feet hi.i;h, and the hills behind them rise to 'n. i live liiiiiilrcd feet clcxation, and are coveicd with dense forests of lir and a very thick uihlri growth. The shore is bordered w ith rocks of all shapes and sizes. iSiiKth Cocr.— .Iiisi iiiiilcr thesoiilh(rn point of ('ape (iregoiy there is a moderately (hci.in\., siiridiiutled liy liiuli. locky clills, but h.iviiifi a sandy beach at the northernmost shore. It is In.i.nl open to till- south soiitlica.st, but is protected on the west by a narrow h.i};h jioint from wh. h exU'iids to tiie soiitiiwt'st a le party jtassed around it in 1.S.S7 the water in the cove was so smmiili that a landinji could lia\e liccn made with a skill in jjcrfect safety. CAPE GREGORY. The northern extremity of this headland lies tliirty-one miles north six defjrees west (N. i; W.) Iiom Cajie ( (rioid Fi^'lil lioii.sc. The hi;;hest jiart of the ca])e is just \ isible above the hoii/nu when a Vessel is ten miles mnth of C.ipt- Orlord, w ith a wooded rid^e niniiin;; to the soiithiMst from it. I'^ast of the lirst f^ap in this ridf;e the larjje pine trees stand up isolated as if they \mii the reiiiaiiis liom some nical forest lire. When the alinospher*- is clear the crestline is of iieai'> uniform height around to the ( '0(|uille. The iMj !■ pr«iii.«ts but a mile or two from the {general straight line of the coast between C;ipi' Orlord and tlie Coliiiniiia Iliver, and Is one of the rocky hills which break the general line of lln' low shoic wliicli is .so ;;(inially iiiarieil by sand dunes. There are no high iiMHintains behiinl i. and thiieloie it is .sonievs hat coiis)(i(:iious. When tht- mounluins in the interior are hidden i'^ Pt *-^ Capti On -,.»-':'.... KooB H( »^ "■••S "TIT 4;^ KuoH Hbhi). 0»ii« (iroi;ory i3 V I ■' i: ' i /«^...j^ •-!•♦• ■"■■""" -'"■•■.ij|.l''i^"' ''•"■'•■■■■"■<, .-m.-t**" "^''■■'« ■<^ ■•■'rxr-n' iv'v/^J »"7*?7-.5 il^W^^^:'^''^'^ r*-Trr.'?^y -y.n'jff^* C»pe Orpgury Uglit-houde, NNh., 13 milos. ■*■ •-■-•-In'- ^-^,-«*-r'--,.>;',<(-jf' ,,;..^Jt^*s<-i-/ .-tvA^nV-^ty^^-Jf?:^:-^^!^^:-^*^^^^!^^ :y:- '*r^-XE r'->ri 'Sr, K008 Hen). Caiio (iregory, NK. liy K. ^ E.,8 miles. ^':-^£ii?::^:-^:y^^v^vSc^---^ K0118 Hfnil. ('a|)<' Orogtiry Ij^ht-liniiNK, K. } S, »< inili>». ..!«.•.•*."*- 1 j-'r &^^Sir^^ ¥f ^ : m S» . M! ■ !-;•:( 1 II ■ i-^ I J ■i 4 1-V M 1 --S Cuquillp Point ami Rwf, NK/l>.v K. iK.,7 milcH. Sdiitli siili" of Kiitniiirc to Coiniillt Kivcr. '.II "" •■ . . J . .' ^M;~:Mt»)^ ' U B C»pc Gregory, N. | E., 18niilca. (Light-liotiM' not vifliMi'.) ^g g-mMr^ MtegBIClEZg'lr i J i TM jiJLt'u<^..*!jf>#S ^?::^^!?^'^^?^f'?^^ ,ft^f***©^-^5^'^-*******'- '^'^' ftTf*— ■^**°**^ n rft> rt ll», i |[ r-^ '' *^ ' "* '* *' ^^^ ' • "^M ' • ''*'*-l', W- •* '<*'i^ Cape Gregory Ligbt-bousn, NE. by N. i N., 11 miles. 1 i til \ 1 1 , i Ml rACII'K; COA8T riLOT. 393 (liHiils, i\, |i,iii of the shore is fornu'd l>y ja;,';;'ed, broken clilVs fnui -. II iiiiiiinled with trees a short distance in from the sliore. There isa small cove with a fliui beach ii-iilc the ra^i'i^ed reefs near the northern part of the shore w here small boats that know the locality iii.i> enter and lca\e in ;;ood weather. The ;;eo;:rapliical jiosiiion of the western point of Cape (irc^iMy has been determined apjirox- itcly by tlu^ U. 8. Coa.^t and (Icodetic Survey as follows: l.iilitiiilii Ill I- J-l iMiilh. I.i'liniliuir I'JI 'J.'i iu \vi.-,l. CdA.ST Siiiril ;! ]M, (if Koos Hiiy. Tlio lii;;lu'st i)iiit of tin' l.cail is pmlialilv imt iiioi*' tlriii siv or seven InMidixi i,tt almve the sei. On tlie low. Hat liills soiitlieasl \n aid of llie lii^liest pait ol tlie e ipe tlii« tiii •. ,ii,|. few, lii;ili, and scattered, as if the smaller trees hud liecn Imrnt (int. Tins is a sjieejid iiiii:, m inaklii;; it from the southward. As seen from the s'liith sonthwcst tlieic are two or thin \,|^ maiKetl iioli'lies in the hi;;liest line of |iiiies. I'lider the higher forest ale rolling liills •'(!,, |,.,i with ( hapaiial to the water, or to the t4i|is of the clill's. On the north part i I' tin' 4 i]!! , |..\' ,i|,|, the li;;ht house, there is u ;;ap over v hieii is seen 11 hill having; a eliiinp of seattereil, i;i|| 111,.^ upon it. 'riie noiihwcsterninost jiart of the cape is a \er\ narrow line of rocky clilVsstrclchiiimiiii lull a mile northwest one-third north, and continued lieneath the suilace of the water as a di ii,l:ci III) nearly another half mile. This narrow line of rocky clitV is ahont lilly feet hi;.:h and piiiiliiiv Worn and cut Ity the ocean, so that pait of it ap|iears as rocky i>h ts. jp fact the point is cm i.|) from the ca|ie at lii;:h water ; and upon its liroader soiithein end theie are trees, wiiile the liuht house maiks its northern extremity. 'I'hcieare two smaller and parallel linesof clill and rocks cl>»r to the wt'stein side of the lit;ht house elill', Imt they do not extend iprte so far oitl. \\ lu'i .1 vessel is close in>liore to the soiilhwaid two rocks show a short distance from the western | MlUlt. To lielioithe.lst ward of the extreme or l.ij^ht Inaisc Point, the shores ot' the head an i;i;:;;i'i| ami lu'okcii, with |iiiii oi Koos l!a,^ ■ iilr.iiice is iioilheast hy east for one and three ipiarters miles. .Mireast ol tins sunili jioint, which j.' called Koos Head, lies the low, sandy, north point of the entrance at a (list .nice \.n^ iii^' Iroin tliice t|nartcis to half a mile directly to the iiortli. Inside of tne lij;hl house jioiiit the small, rocky points are as fol'ows: Yiikiim I'dliit, inaily three 4|narters ot a mile iioitli se\('iit\ one dc;;rees ea.Nt (N. 71 ll.i linm tlu^ li^'ht hoiiM'. is low. locky, and poiiiteil to the norlhwesi, w ith a reef strctchiii}; out iieail) a tpiaitcr ot' a 11, lie la it her to the northwest. There aie no trees on this point, nor lor three (imiitris of the (li>taii< e tuuai'ds the li;;lit'lionse point. Mctwtcii the two points tlu^ rocky shore line l,iil> hack a iinaitcr of a mile and is fronted by a broad low water beach. 'I'liere arc no soiindiii. ■- I. ml down in this l)ij;hi. 't'lniiitl /'..////.—This is the .second point, and it lies one ami three ei;;hths miles nuiili sixty tive (lci.'ices e.i.^i (N. (i,"i I'"., or N K. by H. ,' Iv) from the li;;hl house, riclwccn \cikaiii l\ .111 ami shoie. 'I'lii'ie are trees oil Tilliliel I'oilit, and they extend mails to \ okaiii I'oiiit on the v\-sl,aml .iioiiiiil Kods Head on the east. 'IMiei'e is a broad low water beach hence to Ndkam I'oiiit, but im stiiiii(lin;,'s are laid down between them. Tniinel Point is so named because there is a tiiiiml lhroii;.'h it abo\c hinhwater mark. h'lii'x lltdil. — This is the eastern point of the bi^dil inside of I lie t'ape Ciicfiory I,ij;li! liiMi.-e, . inl t'orms the siuiih iioiiit of the entrance to Koos Pay. It is a rclati\cly hi^;li, locky point, ihi. <\\ coNcnd w ilh iiccs and I hick niiderbi llsh. The lace of the eastern part ol'il is one hii lid nil led iiuli. audit li.sesloa hill I wo hundred and twenty feet lii^tli at three hi'iidred and tliirt,\ .\ aids I'loni iln' el ills, ll lies one and Ihn e liii'irtcis miles north til'l.s six and a half de;;rees ea.st (N. ;"i(iP, ' ]•;. 01 ,N I'.. by !■;.) trolllt'ape t;ie;^oiy l.i;; lit house. It consists of se\cral small, J lit till, i; points of rock, with .vilid this point the .••hole falls back lor tour hiiadred ,\ards to a low, saiid.v beach in front <■*.' tli beaches betwci n them and a low water s; ind teach inst reacliini.' their outer edi;es Oil this noithwest t.ice of ("ape (lie;^(iry, trolii the li{;ht-lioil,se point to Koos Head, tlici SOIllllllllL >f li\l to nine fathoms at less than a mile from the shore. The older olliceis ol lliidxiii Pay Coiiipaiiy inroiincd lis that some of their vessels, aiiehoiinn elo>e under the ii est face if t he cajie, liav e ritbleii out heavy southeast {;alcs and the li'lht house stcaiiici >Ai' liriih has aiiclmri d close under the head in tive lathoms ol water diiiiiif,' a southeast ;;ale, piiiimil; to ,vi a when the wind shifted to the southwest. '1 his is very ini|ioitant, because mi other place on the coa.st lietv\cen Urake's Pay ami N'' ili Pay {IVoiii latitude . IS (id' to hililinle IS ' 1' I ) atVoids such protection. When a soiitheastei hi .'!.> lip the wiiiil Usually hauls rouiiil t tti show Ih.i: ili approaches are almost free Ihiiii daiij;ers, and that within a mile, of the lit^hthonse a depth of m i.iiliniiis, an I ;i I ft ' I'ACIKK' COAST ril,(»T. 895 1,>. Mian firtt'cn fallinrim In foiiiitl on ii northwest licminK. l"Niil<' of fln>lij:lillionM<', towiiniM tins , iliii;; linov tind tlicliai olV llic nilriiinc to Koos llii,\, the ili'|itli.s iiin;;c I'loni lil'Iccn I'litlionis to I,, III I.iiIkiim.s over sanil.v liott»»iri, iinil tlic I'liaiiKf^ an' jicnt'iully i|nil<> ic;;nli>r /»•.— Tli(«a|>|iroa('lii's to tlioJ'apo j ,, i, VI' water; hei' stern was l.viii;; on I lie lieaeh ehise to the westward of Tunnel Point. A xteannT - 1 i k u| tliis roek in IST.S, nml ^'ported tinit it liad Iml nine leet of water u|ion it, lint in 1^, I ail examination fonn I 'h'\en feet. It lies a little over half a mile (one thousand and 'hills four ,\ards) north fmiy nine di';;rees \ est (N. ■I!!"' \V.) fiom Cajte aids directly towards tlit^ li^tht house thedejitli of water is three to four I. Ill s, and deepenin;; alirnptly to seven fathoms. To the iM>rtl. ast and to the southwest tint I {"I 'I lis are iilH)nt seven fathoms, ami thirl ecu fathoms at one-sixth of a mile outside of it. lictweeti ji,^ d.in^'er ami the whistling; Imoy the least water is twelve fathoms, and hetween il and the liiir i.i Kiios Hay the depth decreases funn eleven fatinims to (our fatiioins, llroad olf Cape (iie;;ory no si^tns of hidden dan;;ers have liceii di.seovered. Less than three iii.l. s broad olf till! .soutlieiii |iart of the cape a soiimliii;; is ^ivcn in twenty fathoms uf water, and Uitwceii it and the clilfs another in .seventeen fathotns. A shot t line of sounding's has liecn run ullllie lijilit house on tlmeonr.so west by south three eijihths south (W.hyS. i! S.jwith the follow- III- iisiills: at two miles, twenty-.se veil I'athoius ; at Inn r miles, si.\ty fa'homs; at seven and a half iiiilr>, sixty nine fathoms; and at ten and a half miles, .seventy-live fathoms. A line of sounding's li.i> also lieeii run nearly parallel with the «'oast line, starting; .seven miles north lifty-ei;;ht ile;,'rceH \ r-l (N..KS' \\.) troin the li^ht lioiLsy with lifly two liitlioinsover muddy liottoin, andeoulinuiii}' on I mirth northwest (NNW.) course with soundin;,'s ot eifihty-lhree. ei^;hty-seven, ei;ihty-fonr, and M \i iily-two fathoms over inndd.v liottom at intervals ott'i;;ht miles. Thiity-einht miles noitli llfty ei;;lit ilcfiiees west (N. Mo \\.) from Cape (lre};ory lay;ht is the >iiii.ilest .soiindin;; luiiiid on the llcceta liank. This bank, elsewheie described (p. IKS), runs iliiilN miles northward and nearl.v parallel w itii the shore. Il lias iiol been exlianstivelv e.Mimiricd, .1 \ariablc bottom, with .'>ouiiiliii;^s Iroiii loity three to eighty fathoms, has been found ; wliihi >li\'litly deejier water i.s tonnd between it and the shore. CAfi; (ii!K»i(ti:v i.Kiirr iicM si;. This is a secondary sea-coast li;.;ht. This li;ilit house is on the narrow islet, abmit Ii fly feet liii;li, which is part of the shaip point ]ir(iiectin}; northwest one-third west liiilfa mile from the I'Mieme iKU'thwest part of Cape on it, .ilicady described above. The structure consists of an oetaf,'onal wrini^'ht-iron truncated skeleton tower twenty-live feet lii'^li iVom tlu^ base to the focal plane. It is |iaiiitcil white and .■( llie islet at the e(l;;e ol'Ihe trees, about three hundred and lilty yards southeastward from the tower. Dniiiif; the day-time l' — II I'lcir 10 r.'il Hi A ilist:nii'i' 111' i:^..') iiiilr.i. •.'(I r.-cl al !i ilisl:in(i> of l.i.il iiiilfH. :'.0 frfl at a ili^laiiro iil' III. 'J inili'S, Tlir p'o;;raiiliical jkisjiIou of tiic li^litlioiisc lias Ih'cii di'lt rmiiii'tl li_\ tlir l'. S. <'uasiaiiil (icoilftic Siir\c\ , ami is : l.atiiiiili' i:i v'li :ic;. iKirlli l.oii!;iliii!<' I',' I iil, Itl I IIIH' ''' •->:!' 1 1 1 ly'i \ ?i ,.«';' Oil the Isl of .laiiiiaiv. ISS,"i. tin- iiiafriiclic \ aiiatioii was !!• ,">(»' cast, w illi an an una 1 i mil ,l>r of r.i. Tiif follow ill;: a'c the l(caiiti;is and tlistanccs to proin incut oliircts limn Cape < lic^joi \ 1 lulil : l'ii\ IJiirK. till' siMillliTllllliiKt (lail;;iT of till' Orliilil li'rt'f l'a|ir Oifiiiil l.inlit tiiinsi-, llio liiir paNsiii^ iivntiiill Islil mir in .:i: iimI. mil i^f <'a|T oiloril .. .s r, i;. lil^iiiil. Tin- iiiDiilli 111 ll.c- I .ii|iiilK' K'M-r Til.' W liisll. ;i UuiiN oil till' li.ir of 111" V 'I'lu' '■ niiiiKk lli'ails l,ii;lil housr Till' 'rillaiiiooU K'orii l.irlil lioiiso iiiiiiii;' lover. ... roilit .\ilains l.i'^lil lioii.sr 4'm|i>' l)i>a|>iioihl]ii<-io S. ;i i:. i:li iiiil.vN \. -J \V. TTJ mil,- N, Hi U*. SI J mil,-, N. II \v. i:.i; iiiiir- N. II \v. i;i Hiii.s N. I..; 'A. 17 .1' llailioii |iio|.o8iNtiiii".i'>ii Khiiiil 1 iiio|io-ril ii;;liO 'I'.il I. Nl.oii) l.i::lil'lioiiM . i>lf ('a|H' I'lall, N. 'J I \V. ''.) null' N. •.';! \V. ;ic:i <'///)(■ ,l;cii;o /.('' siiriihi Sluti'in. — (>nllic Li^lil Imii^c i.slanil .il (',i|ii> (irc;;iii\ is Iiumn lif csaviiiL' .•«l.ilioii Willi all the n.--ii.il aiiu..ial'is in eh.ir;:e of a keein I. 1 1 has no |i iTcw lint lieei le.l. 'I'his ^latill|l is .sUiiati'il on the sonllie.i>l .Mile ol the nan'ow, ioeK\ isht upon which I le li-|||. house in liiiilt : il hears .Nonilica>t half ca,--! (Sii. .] l",.i, tli.-ianl lliiec linmlicil ami si \!y ,\aiils This i^lei is SI paralcd lioin Ife main lainl 1>.\ a ehaiiiic! aiionl oin' liniiiliiii i'roiii the liohl tow er. \ aiiN in \\ ullh al hi^h w ,ilei , Inn inoie th.in I w cut n \ arils wiile at lou water. This pa--sa;;o \\,i\ appe.ii s to lie filled with sun hen me Us, and it lnoUs a \ er\ liad |ilaee lieiii w hich to l.iiiiii h ,i li la! ill hea\ \ weather. /». (1) .V( (( ,Silll So II III! III! IlliJ-i lilt < jif hlifji'l//. he follow iliLT sol iniliii;4s weie made li\ Ihe I'. S. --ii.iui ship Tiixi iii^ni ell 'he L'.id ami L'.'ilh ol (dloliei. l.sT. lM!*tiifii-t- .mil lii'al'idL' 1 1 •111) I ',t|.,' I in unit l..iTiiii.lf- I i;iniili' l)r|itli I 'r<-ln|i<'rHlii ha s ;•.' w 111 s i-r \v 11 .\ K- W 1.. '.'i r.'H III ■ i.m;: t.t :n • cji ri'iir.ii II' I r li.'iKiiti Vi'lliiw lirow It iMi/iv link >..Tll| OIhI M.II k l.|"laced II l'\ licai inj.'s in l.ililmle f". ■'■" and il is de>eiil.ed li\ hini .i> fiiUows: Tills |Miiiit IS ii'iiiloroil ri-tiL.-irkalili- l>\ IIh* 'ami ol it M.siio.;ii ■ill. It. -U fimii Hi M In .a tol.T.-iMo l.--ulii, .ml Unit on lai II sol' of il Is S II \ low \'alieoil\ er pl.na d i! m lalltllde l.i -'.'•'. On I te Moii.is" eh.ii I, fSj |, it is iiaincd i ape Ifedond'i or < iic;.,'ory. Tel)eiil>etfs ehait of the eoavl, daleil I s IS, li.is oidv Ihe lia Cape (lleooi-y. Ill I <,'iiiiiliical ?cc(Hin:iissaiicn in llic following' Aiijiust parts ,,| a l.HKf IhhiumI sliip were tniiiul on liic hcacli Itetwci'ii llrccta Ufa.I ami (JajHi I'fipi-tua, liCly- ;i\. null's Id lli«^ noi tliwani of Cape (lir^ioiv. KOOS BAY. Two mill's oasf iiortlioast of llio rci f oiitsitl" of ("ape (Irc^'ory laf;Ii( lioiis<> is tin- wiilc and i.i delaelied rcelvy ied;;(s or rocks roniul lliis head, excejit a small rock, called (,• ./.I liiiik, whiili lies two liundied antl forty yards northwest (NNV.) from the northwesternmost. nil I of the head, and one and three (piMrters niih's north titty three de;;rees east (N. .Vi ' lO.) from ('.i|ii (III ;'(>ry Mj'.lil house. This loek Ins to the southward of the channel leadiuj; in to the hay. The north point ot' theentiance is low and foriued of shift in <; sand dunes that leaeh one hundred Irr: 11 liej;:hf. iJef'iie the present iniprovemenls l(y the Tnited ^!tates lOuKineers t lie breadth of the , ii! ! riii-e at hi.i;h watei' was soiuetimes as much as three ipiarters of a mile, and at low water three- .1,' iis ot' a mile, with a narrow ehannel of neai ly three huiulred yards lietween the three fathom a:-. The points la.\ ninth and south of each other Ueforo any improvements were nudertaken. (•I M, r lily the liar nif the enti'ance lay aliout threeipiartersor (Uie mile to the niuthwestward and Mill the iMi I li mil liiwcst ot' the soMthern point; and the de|>th of water on it \aricd very ii.;.|\. In IS.".:'-".'it there was a depth ol nine to nine and a half feet on the liar. In IStil it "■id well to the mil thuard ; in IStli; the < 'o.ist Siirve\ liri;;- F/n/»//r(vi//, dr;iw iuj; ten feet, could ;:.i| ruler ; in ISti,") the channel lau paralli 1 with the western side of the north point and far lieyond I, '.Mill only seven feet ill the slioalest part. .\t all times \ essels enleied and left with the llood •nil' lii'canse the liar then is siiuMilher; with the elili there is a heavy lireak unless the sea is !r!ii:iikalily smontli. The em rents luii \eiy strongly, as miuld he supposed, t'roiii the extent of the i'lv and the size of the ehannel. We !ia\ e seen the sea lireakin;,' completely across the entrance. !i iinidcrate northwest weather, and It.iow that the old mail steamer has tried to enter it, hut upon -n my the danger would not take the lisk. In IS(!1 the party exaniiniiifi it could yet hut one day's Mill, on the liar diiiini; several moiiihs. In the spriii}; of istl.s the ttriti; ,l(/m()vi/ reported w;iiting ■, I lie lia.\ t hirt V one ila,\ s tor a cliMiice to yet o\ei the liar, r.iit the iiil ioduclion of a steam tuy for piloiiiiy and lowiiiy vessels in and out has complelely ■ ;iiii;M'd the trallie to this lia,\ . and I he (loverntni'iii is now ('oustructiny improvements intended ■n Keep the ehannel in one diieciion and to iiniease the dcjiih of water on the liar. (Ml the insnle of ilie eiiliaiiee :iiid aiircasl ol' the north point t'le e;isierii shore of the hay i:' a lew, irreyiilar line of roeivy elitfs, covered with a '.ieav\ j^iow tli of pine to their edyes. The western pii'lcctioii of these clilVs is know n as I'ossil Point, w liicli lies one and one sixth miles northeast Ity i.i.-^l (NI-. Iiy i;.) tiom Koos Head. I'rom this point tin I'nited States laiyineers |iiopose to carry iiMf a halt tide jelly, or dellectiiiy dike, eiylit huiiilieii \ards in Iciiylh, on a sliyhtly cur\ed line li'Uaids Koos Head. \\\ this impiov elm lit a d'. plli of foiirtecii feet of walcr on the liar is r\|ieilid. This jelly llins eiossis entirely the former channel, >\ lii'ie live fathoms of water was iiiiiiid, .iiid leaches lo the low water line of the iioilli point, which will recessarily he cut away. I'\ llie end of l.S.SI ihe Jelly had liceii carried out six huiidied a id eiyht yardrf. with a dejilh of I'll \ en tathoiiis se\ eiily \ aids finm ils iM iiiiiiiy. and the depth of water on the bar had increased iiHc fiiot. In .In lie. |.s.S,"i, there was a tieplli ol a lion I twelve or thirteen feet on the har, and it was liii'ii nearly noiihwcst one ih'.d west ( N \\ , \ \\ .) three ipiarters of a mile from Koos Head, or 'iiliei- .'■ouih than when the eli.i unci swept well under the eastern siile of Koos Head. Koos li.iy is \ci\ iireyularin natliiir. Imi its yciieral shape is soiiiewhat like the letter \J, «iili the coi:\, xit\ In the iioiili. ami li.i\iny one arm nearly parallel with the coast and only ji nale inside of it tor six or siiin miles, (►ne small ami shoal liianch, called t he Soiil li Sloiiyh, I'liiiies in tiiiiii the Mill 111 ward lichind < '.ipe ( iieyorv , lint at its junction inside of Koos Head it has Miilv two or three tei 1 of water in it, exript w lieie the depth is contracted lo three hundred and I ll,\ > aids, w here there !■.. a n.ii row ehamiel way w ilh se\ en feel of w aler in it. North of the cut i a nee at Koos Head the lia.v proper I icy i us and runs a little cast of north lor ■■iven miles to Ihe yieai lieiid, where there is a liroiid, short, and shallow arm oontiniiing norlli- ,1* m ^ til!: 3'.IS I'ACll'IC CDAsr iMi.or. '-HI .nf '\iir(l. Tlic ;;it'nt lifiid is riiii;;lil\ casl iiiii! Wfsi (or i\v.> miles, mid tlit'ii flii' niiiiii h;i\ imhiI, .soiilli soiilliiMst '.or liiiii- iiiilfs iiinl iiiii'o.iscs in wiiltli |i> iicarlv tvm niilts, willi llircf ijiiiii i. is di its iirc.i (111 till' cast liaii- at low water. Several sll •e i> nil 111,. liar. The i hiiniicl-iraii before the jetty imiiro\ciiient was narrowest hetween I'ossil Point aiiM ijii' iiorlli sjiit. Iieinjr theie onl,\ si\ hundred yards wide at low water, hut carryin;;' a depth of i !i'\(ii I'alh'iiiis. ill this jiait ot therhannel lies the only danf;er in the liay theiiee to Miuiiire ('it>. Tliis "lan.iiei IS iiamec I the /•', ■•v lo>il,\ It is a sunken rnek i\iiii; .six liiiiidred \,irds ninth se M'lili rii ■l\t\ defiii-es east (N. 17 ■ K.) IVoin the p: event outer tiiil uf the jei ty. It lies thrt'e hit ml led aiit |\V.) t'rom l'"ossil Point ami one and one si\teentli miles northeast (N I",.) I'lom k.m. Head. It has eleven teet ot' water upon it. Since tiie jetly has lieeii iuiilt a shoal has maiji- nn: three hniidred yards to the noilli ol' this dani;.>, was Ibiind on tiie beach between the I iiipiiii.ili and tiie Sinslaw. and within three niihs of the latter, liavinj; been borne northward by the in-.|iii'i eddy (■iiiiciil a distance of thiity miles. The liij^litllouse lioaid request iiavi;;ators to rcpui- i the bliny is nut soiiiulin;; ,ilopeil\. Till Hiir I 111 I III. — This is a second class can buoy, pnintid iri/li lilm k unit irliiliitirpoiiliiiiliirstriiiis I'roiii its present position on the chait the lollowiiif,' beaiiii;;s and distances are obtained : !• ( ape ( irc;:iir\ I.iuht house soiiili toiixone deyiecswest (.">. U NV.), distant one and li\eeiul!'ii cad. inner tanyeiii, south sixty-three dciriees cast (S. tl.'P I'.), distant li,i,l. mile; to i< II mile : to tlie w hist 1 ill u' buoy nortli north w est half west (NNW. .A \V.) distant one and a half The riinhss 1:,hL- Jl null. I'his is a Hiird iliisK iiini hiinii, pnintvil ml oml niniiln ml '2; iIiim/ linoy No. L' (\V.'b\ N. 1 N.) fi lilai'cd two hiindiiil and ei;:lityti\e yards west by north one hail i:i; i lom lossil Point. Siiiiilsjiit Iliiiiii. — 'I'his is a first class spurhuoii. }tainti li lilmk and .iiimhi ml | ; it is placed ■ western si le ot'llie clLiniiel. The distance between this biio\ and the Feailess I; i; till 1 1 Inn id led ,\ aids, with a deep channel between them cat r.\ iii^ ten fathoms of w ater 'i'ii low in;; lieaiiiii^s and distances show tlie position ot' the bin lit'leeii sixteenths ot' a mile; end of half t ide Jetty soiilh 1 fwiiit\ \aids di-iant : I"us>il Point east b\ iioitli ^ P. b\ N Koos Head southwest (SW'.i.di- wot (.S. by W.) four hnmlied in line with I'carless pnidv Pn Jliiiiji mi imi III , i.il III' sliuiil. — This is a lliliil cluss iiiihIiiiuii, piiiiitnl ml and iiinnhi lUil ■[. anchored in nine feel (d' water on the noitli end ot' the shoal wliieli has t'oiined north of tin .\ liei p.i-sin;: tln> buoy a \ essel steers directly tor t he north w liarf at Piiipin- t le-s III" lt\ hoilli 1p\ east one i|iiarlcr ea^t (N. b,\ P. [ K. I course lor nearly two and onelilth miles. Tins bno\ IS now plaeerl six linndred and sevi'iity tive yaids northwi'st by mutli on. : noith iNU, by N. h N.) Inmi Pi;;eoii Point. The follow iii^ bearin;js and distances show the position of the buo.\ : Koos Head sonil' three ton I ths son III iSW . ,' S.,, distant nearly one and a live-fi;;hthsmilefl; I''ossil Point south H ei;.'litlis West (S. : \V.). distant li\ eei;:litlis ot' a mile; ami I'linpirc City north wharf noiili b\ . one i|iiaitcr east (N. by !•]. J !•',.) iieiiily t wo and one lifih miles. Alter pas.sjn^ iKuthward ill laiipire ('it.\ the chain (d is marked by .several lii;o\s. Ai water the b,i\ appe.irs \ery exiensixe, but at low water the shoals show the coinparatn el.\ iracted cliaiinel-way. >!i« ( ! I' * I'ACIKIC COAST PILOT. 399 Alioiit oiu'-lliiid of a milti nortliiiortliwe.st (NNW.) from Kinpiic City wliarf tlic survey ;,., iiis tlurc suiihtii rorhs in an aii-a of three liundicd yimls, witli (ifteen teet of water between ,111. i iminul tlieni and from two t(» (l.ree feet Upon (iieni. Tiie main elianiu-l is under the western v!i !•, and fherefort! to tho westward of these diiu;,'ers. At fiveci};lillisor a mile north imrthwest(NNW.) from Empire (,'ity lies tlie soutliern fail of ilic l;iit;e ii)i(hlh> firound. neiirly miiiwiiy lietween tiie. two shd liy a red buoy as foUows: Miihllr (iiountJ Hiioi/. — As Just nu'iilioned this buoy marks tlie we.stern edge of the middh', r;, iind wl.ieh taiischiwn niid-eliannel to within li\ i'(i;;litlis of a mihi of lanjiiie City. It is a./i*>7- ,/,(.s spar hiitii/ judnliil rtil and iiiinilnntl (>. This buoy lias been moved one and a indf mih's down liir ii.iy, and is now placed Just to the west wan! of the three feet roeli wldeh lies three-tenths of a 11 111 iiorlli l>y west (X. l)y W.) from llie upper pier at Kmpire <'ity. (Irrat lUnd l',uril and niimhcnd 8- The followinjj;- lu'arinjis and distances hicafe this buoy: Poney Point, west tan},'ent of clitV, siiiitliwestseven eif^hths south (SW. J S.), three ipuirters of a mile; Itussell Point, northeast oiu'- (|;i, liter east (NK. \ I',.), two and onecpiarter miles ; North Henil I'oint, east one third north (E. If N.!, >iii(> iniU' ; and P.iioy No. .'{, abreast of North Heiul Point, northeast by east seven-eijjhtlis east (M.. by V), I I'].), two and oneei};lifh miles. A red Inioy, No. lit, has been placed lialf a mili^ (oiu^ thousaiul and fifty yards) west by nmili (W. by N.) from North I'.end Point. A'iir//( /.'(■/('/ roint lluiitj. — 'fhis buoy is placeil on the eastern edfjo of the channel. To tho lioiiliward, eastward, and southward of it the shoals are very e.\tensive and larj^ely bare at low Miller. It is -.iJiiKliliiss siKirhiioii, puiiitcd hlarlr.MH] mimhcnd JJ ; it is placed in eight feet of water. The channel between it and Nortli llriid Point is not (|iiite thie(> hundred yards wide, but is -.iiiiiicd out to six fath(iiiis, with scant two fathoms to the mill wharf, one (|iiarter of a mile south ill' liie point. Vessels j'ive this buoy a berth of'one hundreil yaids. From this buoy to the south- w.iid the <'liannel is close under the western slnu'e, sweeping past the North IJend saw mill. 'I'he following liearint;s and distances locate this buoy: I'.ast tangent of North Itend Point li. irs southeast one-fouitii south, distant seven liumlrecl yards; Itussell Point north 1),\ west ,N. Iiy \V.), half a mile nearly. lUiitji A'o. r». — This is a firxl-rluss simrhiiny, painted bhiik and numhord 5- It is jdaeed in nine !. ■ I of water on the western edge of a shoid lietween which ami the woodcil slaue on the wt^st Mile of the lOmnnel there is a narrow jiassage of oidy one hundred and twenty-five yards width .11 lying thirfeeu feet of water. N'essels give this buoy a berth of seventy yards. Cnder tho \. Hilled shorts the low-wafer line makes out fifty yards, and widens in the curve hence to Marsh- i. Ill i'liliit. Tlie following bearings and dislanccs locate this Imoy : Cooper's I'oint bears north-northwest nNW.) nearly time iiiiarters of a iiiilc distani, wiili the North liend sawmill just open to the iislwaidof It; and .Marslillild Pimii soutliei.st seven-eighllis south (SK. J S.), Just over three- i|ii. liters of a mile. 'lite ^'<'ii;;rapliical posiiioiiot Kmis Head, tlii' sontlierii point of the entrance to Koos P.ay, h.is liieii deternmieil b,\ the I'. 8. Coast and (ieodetie. Hurvey as follows: l.aliliiili' 4;i ■,'! il-J .'.I Miiilh. I.l.MKlllllll' l-'t' \'J I- .:i WlHt. Or, ill liiiii' f" 1"'" I'-"--- The magiH'tie variation was l!(^ :■(>' east in January, ISSa, and increases annually I'.t. Tidrs.—TUi' Corrected ilsfalilishmenf . and seven-teuths feet. file mean duration of llie Hood is (!'' O,"."' ; of Ihe ebb y eoiisnllin^r lli(> I'aeilic i Tide 'failles, iitililished annnally liy the l'. S. Coast and (ieodetie Survey. l''oi' liie reipi at I'ijieon I'liint take ont tiie time and hei;;lil for Astoiia. then from tiie f;iven lime of hi snlilr.iel 1 1'", and from the iieiuhl snltti'aet one and se\eu tenths feet ; fiotn llie ^nven tiim water snhlraet Hi''', and from the fjiveii hei;;hl snlitrael three tenths ol' a foot. These tallies show lliat at North I'.end sawmill Ihe hi;;li tides are I'' 17'" later liiai n ■ .i:r, I .!i till month, ani 1 the low tides 1'' 2S"' latel Ciinrnts. — The direction of theoetan enrrents in the \ieinilv of Koos I!a\ entrai lee IS |.,iiilv 8liowii liy the tlrit'tini; of Ihe linoys wliieli break adi'ift. They all move to tin- noilhward, ami been picked up as far as the Kinslaw Itiver. In ISS.'i the wliisllin;; hnoy liroke adrifl aini li:i\i' licked np that far north. Kiicis Hay is in Ihe custonis colleclion district of sonlhern ()rej;iiM. lOmpire (.'ity is 1 1 of entr' it is situated four miles inside the entrance to Ihe liav on iIiimmsI liaidv. It laS a I;l|;;i. mill ami a wharf that extends to si\teeii t'ect ol' water. The eoinnu'rce of the hay has vers l.iui-h ineri'ased, and in the four \ears. ISSl-jSs,"), the numlier of \essels eiossin;; the liar wa> ili\iii hnndi'cd and ei^litien, of which iiinety-ei;:lii drew more than thirteen feet of walei'. A few lc.iii;;ii vessels enter lor luinlier (Ml ^' •r liais and si i.iirs Were removed sma II steamers coii'd i .eh Ihe head of naviL;alion lliiit\ m distant. 'f le word ixoos thai approachin;: nearest to the Indian ptiuiuiiclal ion of Ihe naiin' ni liav. It Is ^.iid to sl';iiilV a lake, a'^ooii, or llld locked I a.\ . Il is l'iei)lleli|l\ spelled (' ('owes. l)nlliii (le .Molias amnsin;:ly tiaiislalcN it il. des N'aches; and Telieiikolf, perliap- iih-lcl thereliy. called il the It. Koiiova lor Koniva (ir<'ow Itixcr. The r. S. Coast .Sm\e\ piililisheil a charl of Ihe liay and approaches from the >ui\i\ ni ISfd. Mdiliiitir \'ii)ititi(iii. — I'or .laiiiiaiv, lSS,"i. the line of eipial ma^'iielic declination ol L'n cut llie coast line north of Koos li.iy in lalltnde l.i .l.'i', and llierelbre Sdlllh of the I II i:i\ er. It will mii\ e annnall,\ alioiil one mile to the noitliwai'd for a feu years until Ihe niaxi e.istcin dcciiiialioli is reached. •,l>l ipi|ii;i!i THI". UMl'QUAH RIVER. The coast line runs almost not Ih for I \\ eiii \ miles from Koos I'.a.\ to the mouth of Ihe In; hip in a lie, Illy .-.liai;;!!! line ot' low sliolcS lionlelcil liy liii;;lit s.ilid (luiies, which show ver> cliMll) troiii the distance of ten miles, and therefore they are moderately lii;;li. The coiinlry immediaii !» lie III lid t he 11 1 i> n M II I era I el V low and ileii^el \ Wooded (or sc\ cral miles. In the (|:slance Ih. loitliAi-.! spur of the I'liipipiah Mountains comes in froiii the main I'an^M* which runs nearly north mil tli''M'>i and .south soiillieast. I'"or ten miles Iroiii ( '.ipe ('ire;;()iy la;;lil house the waters of Koos l!a\ mikI it,s iKirthei u 111, inch lie a mile or t wo lieliind the eoasl line. At foiirleeii miles from the li^ht linuM' 111,1 11 stream, calleil the leii mile Creek, thirl v vards in widlli, w iiicli drains siuiie ol the tl lere is a s lakes or hif^ooiis lieliiiid ihecoiiHl iid;,'es. The topoy;ra|iliy ncrthof this stream shows lliecoiiiiii> to lie a line of riil;^cs, reachiiij,' live hundred feet elevation, with Uiuii inleiveninn \alle\s ii(,i!l\ parallel w iih the shore. I'll 1111 I'c II mile ( reeii ;lie distance is .se\cn miles to t Jic iiioulh of the linpipiah, and t he slieii' line is hacked liy sand dunes which in t wo ii. lies reach to t he cd;;c of the loresls on the Iii^Imi ridL'cs. These dunes ':eiieiall\ lie in drills Ml the direclion of Ihe summer winds and attain a^ lunch as four li iindlcd and I wciitv fid eh \atioii at the loresl line. 'I'liroU'dioilt these ilrilt- lai;;e hollows, reachin;,' foiir hundred \ar.ls in extent and sunk us niiieli as sixty feet below Hie % rACII'IC COAST PILOT. 401 siiii'"iiiiliii;i level. In some eases tlieso ssiniis are iniiikeil ]^^■ a line of jjiiio trees; in others liiiv lie in tlie Iiarc saiiil. N'ery cuiiDiisly, when flio sanil reaehes the tbrestline it invades th(! «,i.'i!'il pails in drlMs rnnnin;{ to tl"^ north, and in tlu-se lines the wind draws t'roin the, soutii- . ii. Tliese ^reat sand tlunes aro the most noticeable on the wholo lino of tin; coast. They .ii.idiMliv decrc: so ill lireadth and in liei{;ht towards tln^ southerii (loiiit of the entrance to the ! Ill I jiiah, so that at a III lie less than two miles from the motilh of tin- liver the. tin lie line is only ,.1, 1. hiindred yards wide and oij^hty feet hi};!' to the edfje of the forest. Uiit sharply up from ;i!i> Miier s^iid liorder ajipear tliroii;;li the trees two small, iri'cijnlar i>atclies of white sand amon;i hr I •to])s. This is the distjnrtivc fcatnrt^ for makiiin' the bar of the river. The highest part ,i i' , \ isiiih' sand is two hniidreil and ninety fmir feet. \'ery cnrionsly, two f,freat depressions li(^ 111 liii^ liare sand ridj;e on the farther side, an
  • 4i; f." •.1)".r. north. I.iili^lluilr «ir. In tiiiii' l--::t THE LltillT-IIOfSE ON I'OINT AIlAMS. |H .:i went. This is a primary Heaeoast l-ight. The Light house is not on the northern extremit\ ■' point, Imt on the outer one of the low s;;T shows from sunset to sunrise a //.xi/ n-l lii/lit. The present characteristic of the light was givee to it on .laniiaiy L'l, 1.S81, when the Till i Hock Light was lirst evhibited. Tri'vions to that date it was a Hashing red light. IIm shows round the entire hoii/on, but the eompa.ss range useful to niariners is from soiiiImi south (SK. by S.). through the south and west to north by west half west (N. by W. A W.). \^ it iHciit oil by the trees nearer tin- extremity of tlie point. The biusi- of the tower is lilty feet above the mean level of the sea; and the focal I'li 111!' Iilir. '■;:li fill' l.iik mil ii"i|> ■\ liv IllTI' U AS PACIKK" CftAST IMI.OT. 45a tioim, l.ii: III,, n ilr.1,1 .■,! |,s wliosc iiii|tii;il nil' tV;i\ ji lo.s Wliolf ix'ili!. lidds « lull ih \iiiil III I'liiii: icr li\c iiiilo, ■» l.iylll llililvc 1;; IIMIlll llllV tns. li; I-'T; >!' till' I li.llllirl I'lliPli :i^.iiii>l Slllltll ^liiili'. xlril \>\ ^.illil. lu-'rilLi/iHiik Till : .hi ■illMlllIM i ilV \V.). V ^I'lr ninety iiiiH' fvvt iiliovc tlu' s»';i, so that in t'a\oiul>!i' coiiililioiiH oC llio iitnmsiilifni tlu> li^jlit .sliuiiUl III' \ isililf fVoiii ii lifi^lit of lll'li't'ii i'ci-t at ii liical |iosiln»ii of tlio LIxlit, as iletcriiiiiied liy tlu- i;. ,S. Coast and (lf(Mletic SiiiAo.v, is: l.aiiiiiili' li'i 11 :w iioitii. I.iiii^iliiilr ill .laiiiiary, IsH'i, tlic iiia^MH'tic varialimi was 1.M ^ l_" rast, willi a .Ntail.v increase o('2'.'2. I'lOiii I'oiiit Ailanis we liave the rollowiii!,' I»eariii}:s and ilistaiices to iiii|Mirtaii( oltjects: (.'ii|ii' Orlonl l,iKlil-liii:i»i' .. <'ll|)l' (ill'K'TV Li^lll Ili'lIM' s. I.-, 1:, s. 1: 1: v!ii:i III- V;ii|iiiiia llrailn l.i;;lilliiiiisi' ,S. -.iii K 'rillaiiiiiok K'orli l.iylil-liiiiisr s. I.' ('ii|M' |li^a|i|Miiiiliiii'iil l,l;;lil liiiilM' 1: WliiNlliiit; IJniiy nil llH' Cipliiiiiliia K'nir l!:ir(l-H; \V. 171 lllilt'N. '.•I mill's. ili'N. • isa|i|iiiiiitnienl. which tlie\ eoinpletely shut in hei'ore reaeliin;; aern.sM the river, so that a ves.sel may iiiaKe tin' lii;;lit Imnse on Point A' Point"' liy (iray in IT'.t'J; and later in the .same Near N'aiiconver named it Point .\(lams. Lewis and Clarke, I.S(t.V(i, speak of it in their narra- lint on the chart ol the entrance to the river it is ealletl Point Itoiind, and tjve as Point Adann on tlieii <;eneral chart P. I'onde, t!ie name ajiplied to it liy La Pcrtinse. The name Point Adams was retained liy the United Sintes I'^xplorin;; Lxpcdition in ISII, and it is never know 11 liy any other. De Miifras calls it C. l''riinilosii mi I'le. Adams. The Indian naiiu' of the point is Klaiit sop. The lieacli around Point .\ilanis and to the southward for .some iiuh-tinite distancte is locally iviiown as the ('laLsop l!<>ai'h. Upon the .soiiiNei n part of it, many years a^i, before the wliitu people occupied the conntry, a Chinese or a .lapane.se junk, with many hands and a ear}>:o of liecswax, was east ashore and went (n pieces; the crew ;ire reported to have been saved and taken into slavery. In support of this Indian tradition of the wreck there ar<> occasionally after great siornis pieces of this wax cast ashore coated with sand and bleached nearly while, althoii<;h the interior is .\ellowish. l^'oi-merly a fiwui deal was foiiiid, but now it is rarely met with, liclchcr menlions having; a specimen, and we liavese\eral in our possession. In Perry's. lapan till.- wreck has been confounded with another and well-known wreck that took phu'c near Cape I'latlcr,,. ^\'hetller this wreck took place mi the Clatsop Peach or farther to the southward is an open i|Uestioii .\t the Nehalem Itiver. and midway across the sandy peninsula at it-4 moiilli near its iniii'tioii with the mainland, lai^.- and sina'l pieces of wax are olteii found uncovered after strong winds. Auion^' th*> settlers in the \ icinils there is a tradition, ilcrived from the Indians, that the vMi'ck took place olV llie beach where this sand spit begins : :ind the\ even as.scrt thai part of the wreck has been pointed out by llie Indians at e\!reme low tides. The wax found here i- bhutk on the surface, but when cut iliscloses tlu^ ordiiuiry color of beeswax. II the littoral drift is to the northward Uv wax found on the Clatsop P.each may well have come from thi) southward. CAPE DISAPPOINTMENT. This Cape is the north point of the eiitian<'e to the Columbia Kiver, and is the only headland that, breaks the low line of sandy shore which stictches from Tillamook Head to Point C.renville, latitude 17^ IS'. Immediately behind the beach and the lines of low sand dunes in this hint; .stretch of coast, the forests bcf-in. Pur a short distance inland the eoinitry contiinies low.-or appears low where the atv.U area.s of the rivers and bays exist. Irrcyulur luountaiuniasses, covered with forest, show over the lower coast line. m !' :% 1 :'i •ir)4 I'ACIKU' CMASr PILOT. 1 : 'Nit • >! -K ', ' Sniitli cf the (.'api- llif low 1:iiiil 1'nttii Till;iiiMMik Ih'iil fii Point Atliiiim icccilis in ; , ii,,. ^•«'IH Till ilitfftioii (il tlu- (Oiisl. mill this I'act alsn ^ivt-H |ir to tliin licailliiiitl. Imiiik .| ii. k iiortli or it tli«' low laiiil lu'jjiii.s aiiti runs iii'inr to Toiiit tiiriivilli', iiiiirkcilltv lii loivsis i,, li:h,| I lie shore. TlicCaiH- its.lt |iiisi'iits a m'oloniciil Corninlioii not coiinnon oti tlu" st-ahoiinl. It is ni ii|„iMi| of vrn ii'if^Milai hoi'i/oiilal roliinuiiU' ha.salt rising to an rxtrcnu' I'Icvation of two hiiiiiii< I mmI ii^htN seven feet, Imi ilisposetl in a suei'ession of hu^'t* loiiniliii^' hills nearl.v tlivhlrij iiiin iH,, mas.s«'s li\ a natiow valiev luiininy; north noiiliwest ami south .southeast. 'Ilie.se iiiej^iil.u Iii!|,m|>^ ;iivt« a very broken .s«'a (rout, niarkec! by shoii strips of sand beach,. ja^rneil, ioeU\ |miip'>, nnl tielaehed roc'is luuler the noilhweslein pait. The sea faces of all the hills anil nii-nl.iiU |iio|ectiii;.' knobs rise iierpi'iiiliciilarl V for nianv feet, then slope iipwanl to the crest liii.-. mImi, ilie,\ ilrop alniosi as snilileiilv, thus I'liriiiinj; narrow anil sharp iiil;:es. These liil^es and uciih all the .seaw.inl faces are ilestiliite ol tiees, but ale eoxereil with {;ra.ss. fern, anil biislii-. il,, soil is Ihii; but CMcllent. Inshore of these crest lines the tiecs bcfiiii, antl their tops, n .i.lniu .tbove the siiniiiiits of the lulls, inciiMse their ap|iarent height. The inshore slopes of the hills nc coinpaiatively ;;entlc, so that paths can be eariieil to the lops. The total extent of tins iii,i>mi| puililin;; shapeil hills is about two anil one tlnril miles north northwest ami soiithsonthea^i In nin mile ill width. Krniii the extreme southeastern jMiint the j^'cneral directions of the imimh i.ni' ^ northwest for t»o miles, and then noitli northeast for one and a ipiarter miles. The ocean ii nut l:;i> several minor hea'.'.s that are reeo^ni/.ed by pilots and navi)iators. Till l.iiihthiiiist I'oint is the extreme southeastern part ol the Cape. It is nearly halt .1 milt in extent, north northeast and south southwest, and two liundred and ci;;lity sexeii in 1 .iImui »he sea. It was tbrmerly spais»Iy covered with trees, but these have been cut awa.\ to -i\( tin li;;lit a free hon/oii towards the ri\fr. Tiie I,i(;hthou.se is situated on the extreme soiiiImiii, Imi not on the lii;.'licst point ol this part of the Cape. .l/cA'('»»:/i'.s //(<((/ is the tirsi kimb to the northwest, three ipiarters of a mile fioin llic ;,,-lit liuiise. It IS an almost lound knob, three hnmiicd and titty yards in extent and one 1 ihi>l unl iiinetN feel above the sea, coxered with ;;rass and fein on top and has no trees. It is ,il «i ^iii roiiinlcil b> the sea except lor a short distance on the northeast side x\ here it is coiiiiciic il vmiIi the Cape b> a low, .sanilv iicck covered w ith liiislie.^. Toxvards the Ia;;lil'lioiise and tnw.iiiU tlir northxvesi are two low , broad sand beaches, upon which xvc have landed throu;;h the >iin iii 1 canoe. .\iiitli Haul IS the extreme xxesterii knobof the Cap«'. The seaward face is a precipiioiiv i,i,k;. I'litV behind winch is a narroxv area of y;rasscovercd surface, and then the lirs cover tin' lii^ilicr ^loiind which rises to Ixvo liiindied and sevi-nly feet. This is the part of the Cape which iiim i m •- above the hoii/.oii and it is about half a mile in extent. The seaxxard dill's are very |aL;'j>'l hmI the base bordered by small rock.x masses. This pail of IIk- Cape cuts otT the arc of xi>il<>lit\ of the Li^lil, and there is no doubt that tor a .sea coast li^ht the Li^dit-hou.se shiMild liivc liicii jdaci'd at this point. In ils present positimi it was intended to do duty for the river al,M> The extremity of Noitli Head lies north sixtx dej;rees west (N.tKP \V.)oiie and tliiee i|u,w'n> miles from the I, i^lit liou.se. Its t;eoniaphical position is: l.iililiiili- 4'i IT .V Ill] l.,(iii>;itiiili' I'.'l I'l I-" ""'Nt It had no name at the date of the rniteii Stales I'^x|t|orin^ I'°,xpeuiilaiiis inside of it, but the slifjlitest haze or smoke inside of theCajic ' in;:' it out very dearly, and almost makes it appear as an island. ■.n bS.'il we occupied an astionoinical station on tbu liit^boHt point of the southcustcrn i' nt uf n iv s m I 1: ,w 1 1 I'ACIKIC COAST PILOT. 45' '•••li's 1 1 i|„. Imiiii i| .iii'K 'i>H',sl> Im'IiiikI t is i'iiiii|iii>i'i| I ImIIIiIii <| III, I iili'il mill ivti. ';:iil.ii liilliii'U •y l'< >, .iihl 111 im.iil.iiU I'St lllli-. Willi, :<'s .iiiil 111 ,iil> liii>lu',>. Till ops, IC.Iclllll- t' the lulls ,11, t' lln.s :ii,i>s III tllCilsl ll\ illli • IM't'illl l.ur I, I't'illllliHIt l;;|> Iv IimII .1 null '(•II llTl ,lllH\f iiy to t:l\r lllr SOlllllrl II. 'ill' ■III iih' ;„.iit ' liiiinliiil .iml is ,iliiiM«i ^111 lllll'l'll l| U III, I loWMliU Ihr till' SMI I 111 .1 'i|M|OII> 1imK\ r till' lil;,'licl lirli lll~l I M - V |it.i;'.:ii| .iinl v. l){ mmI'iIiIv 1<1 li.ivi' Inch • al.-Mi hri't' i|ii.ir'ii> Ml, Hi. lllC llllMltll I'l' I |H)lllt ■! li.i' i|i|iiiiii; iiii'iit irtJH'ilsl »:llil ill soillr" lull vhcii 111. mil:: tOWUIli' lll-li riijccli'i! iipi'ii '(';l|ir ' ly^- istcni 1' I't '>( ■I H tlicCaiM' hikI opened iin ox temn riiiiil tlieieio rniiii the l>eiieli in Huker's Uay. The evening t<»{,'s, lioni llie iioitliein liiiys iiiiil \i>\\ lieiiclics towards I'oiiit tiiciiviMe, sweep down over tlie Cape uiul cover il iiiiiiiediatel.v al'lersiiii.sft, so that we were at the Cape (hiit.v li\i' days, in .Inly and August, I sri I, lie to re we saw .stars or iiukhi. Wlicii Ihe.s*- fo^s do not cover the ("ape a dcn.se fof^ Honic- tiiiies rolls down tiie iivcr iiliout siiiiiise, enveloping,' eveiytliinn liclow llic lop ol'tlie ('ape,80 that the .siininiit appears like an i.slet in a sea of mist. The isolated posilion of this headland, and the seaward face ol' Its hold, treeless elill's, Coriii a peculiar lealiire in the Ion;; si retell of low coast to llic southward and norlhward. And as it is liasaltie, and presents an almost iron tront to river and sea, it is impossilile iliat "In the memory of many Cape Misappointment has liecii worn away .some liiindied feet l<\ the sea and strong currents that run hy it."* Tiiis lemaili wasevidentl\ inlemled to a|i|il,\ to I'oinl Adanus. nil'; i.iiiiii iioi Si'; us r.\ri: i)isAi'i'tiiNrMi;N'i'. The lii^dil house is not upon the lii;:licst pait of the cape, Itiit on the pitch td° the sjiiir whitdi iiins three hundii'd and and lifly > aids .southwest l>y west thciefiom. Here the ;;r4>iiud is altont iiiuctylixe feel lielow the siimiiiil, and the iid;,'e is nariow and slei'p towards the sea toth; .south- .Miiitheasl, and to the uoi'*h northwest on the land sidi'. 'I'lie tower is the frit.liiiii of a cone foit\ feet hi;:h, painted w liite, surmounted liy ail iron lialii.strade, lanlern, and dome, painted lilaek. The keeper's dwelliii;; is not visilih- from the sea or fiom the har. The tower is pio{eclcd a;;aiii.s| the dark ^'leeii trees liehiiid it, and therefore it shows well in siiiili;;lit ; when it iteai.'s iioilli hy east li;dl' east (N. Ii\ K. .j Iv) it shows in a notch of the trees. I'd the eastward on the hi;;liei siiniiiiit there are two or three trees which in a dark day would look like toweis al a distance. A I lout a hundred yards to the eastward of tin !j;;lit house is a small wooden liiiihlin;;, painted a dark lead enloi ; it is ijiiile iiicoiispieiioii.s fioin the water. It is thi' I'. S. Si^'iial Service station, and from a tall mast near it storm si^'iials aie displaced to warn mariners of approaehiii;; heavy weatlu'i. The liiKliI IS (I tiiid irliilf llijlil of the lirst order of the s.xsli in of I'resnel; it was tirsi cxhiliited on the '..">lli of (teliilici, |.s,"((i, and shows from sunset to sunrise. Althoii^di the liiiiils ul iliearcof vi.silijlitv ol ilie li;;lil are from north .seM'iity one decrees cast (N. 71 Vj.) loiiiid liy the south and west loiioith nineteen d<';;iees west (N. Ill W.). yet it (oiiimands the sea hoii/on I'm alioiil one Inindi ed and lolly four d< ^ict .<> only ; thai i> tiom south east, close to the lireakeis niidwa.v lictween I'oinl Adams and Tillamook Ilead.iouml liy the south and west to northwest l>y west one )|iiarter west, where it is shut out liy the North Head, so ihal vessels coining' Irom the northward can not see the l.i^lit until they are nearly in the latitude of the river. The liase of the towt'i' is one liiiiidied and iiineiN two feet alio\e tht^ mean level of the .sea, and llie focal plane is two hundred and tlilrt.\ two Icel.so that under favorable fjiidilions of the atmosphere the ll;;ht .should lie seen from a hei;.dit of — III li'i'l III a •lisiiiiii'i' III' '.>l.ii inilcH. •Jil Iril al a ilislaiiii nl '.".'.."• iiiIIi'h. :ill 11 1 I al a iliNtaii.i' nf 'j;!.? mill's. i;il III I al .1 ilislaiiri' III' -.'r..:! iiiili'N. The geographical position ol the Light, as determiiietl l»y the V. S. Coast and fiecMletio Sur- vey, is : l.aliliiili' Ill li' •J.s .11 iioiiti. Liiii-iliiili' I-.'I ii:l II .;i wi'Hl. fir ill I inn- "'• Hi'" l'.'".s. Ill dai: lary. l.'^.S'i, the magnetic variation was L'l ^ IT' east, with a y«'arly increase of L".2. On the lieacli in Itaker's Hay. iust inside of the Cape, there is a great deal of" ISIaek Sand," or iiiagni ti<; oxide of iron, in line particles w ith a lew small llakes of gold among it. This blaek sand (iiHised a loeal distiirltanee of the mitgnetie variation amounting to _(>'._, the variation being less by that amount than the deelination we foniid «in the summit of the Cape in IS'tl; similar results were ob.served in IST.'I. The Foil hell at Cape IHKapjiointmrnt was l<>iiiij^ KxiK'tlitioii, ISIl. f. m m f isi^ 'ft ^<...J^ 466 I'AClKir COAST PILOT. I,i;;lit8 iumI Tiilin of llio World," Itj .laini-B liiiiay iS: Son, to 1 SST), »lo»'8 not iiotict- il> tiniiHiM'f, Froiii Caiic l>isiii)i>oiiitmciit liiKlit-lioiiKi* wi> have tlic fulluwiiig hoariiigs aiitl ilistanci h mil im- portant points: ('il|ir itil'ord I.inlil-liiiiiHC S. Il'i^ K. Cai'i' l,ii;liMi{>nM' S. 1^ K. ^ll•||>iMa lliiiil- I. It; III liiHiw S. an K. •.'IN 1,1, 1.H. ITi'i^ iiiili'i. !1i iiiiliH. TillaiiiiHik liiM k l.iulil'liMiiM- Mi .'I ill i'miit Aihiiii- I. Infill Ik From till' Sortli Iliad ol Capo Di.sappoiiitiiu'iit \vi> ^'ivi- tlu' I'ollowiiij; iM-arin^s anlaiiil. |iri<|i<>M'il l.i^lit liiin>. N. •.'•; w. 1:1 w a^);ril Nli'l ami Carrnll limk. iirar ('a|><' .luhiiwiii. N\ ;1T VV. '.Tl llllll'N. 'X> tllllCN. "il lllillH. lll.'i iiiiliN. Ill- 1.1 From Tap*' Ortonl to ("apt- IM.sappointiiu'iit tin- t'.\t«'nt ot ocean shore line, not lollowi many intiicate t iirviii(;H, is two liumlri'il ami li^lit.v live miles. On tlic ITtli ot .\ii;:ust, ITT."), Don Hniiio tie lleeeta, eommanilin^ tin- fri^fate Sautiaiii' Ills two Nt'ssels), sa\s tiiat lit' saw '■ niia liot'a tpie se llanioilv la Asnneion, o entiaila tie llt'i'ciii. lie tailed to enter it tin aceoiint t>r };reat eonttii'tin^; enrrents wliieli eanseil liim to liellevf tli;ii : vva> tlie liroad nioiitli of some larp* river, or tlie strait wliicli (;a\e it jtassa;;)- tliroii;;li ti< iln ^i.i. He plai'fd liimself in tNNcntv I'onr I'atiioms of water between the two capes, which he naiinil >,iii liiHpu- and l-'ioiidosii, .\ ciitical examination of the maniiseript«text, and knowh-d^M- ni iii,- appearances of the hcatllamls wliicii stand out prominentlv to one who is maUiiiu the i.>im, leaves no doiilit in nni mind that he referretl to Cape Disapptiintnu'nt as tht^ Calio San l:. lie placed Cajie San i;o<|Ue in latilinle -ttP 17'. Meares. in tli(> ship \oitlkii, arrived otV the <'ape and loninl iImi a On the tith of .liilv. n " piodi^ioii.s ea.'terly swell lolled on the 8ln»re," and he Initl sonniliiiK-'* in sixteen f,ithoiii> 'm 1 .1 hard sands liuitom. "After wv had louinled fiie jiromontorx a larye Itay. as we had iiiii-iiml, ojiened to oiii \iew, that liort^ a very proinisin^; .ip]iearance, and into which we steered wiili -\in enconra^^iii},' expectation. As he steered into this hay '' the water shoaled to nine, ei;;li ,11 Kcvcn latlioiiis, when breakers were seen ri";lil ahead, and, from the mast-head, they were oli>>-n to extend across the hav. We therefnie hanletl tmt. The name Cape HisappoiMiiin nt was ;;i\cii to the promontory, and the hay obtained the tilh*of iK'eejition I>ay." l>y an imhl ierent observation he placed it in lat untie ID 10'. It was called Cape Hancock by tiray early in 1792, .iinl theeidranct» jilacetl in latitnde Hi li He chanjicd this name to Cape Dis.ippoiiitment nptm hearin;; that Meares hail so named ii. \'ancon\er continued the name Cape Disappointment and placed it in latitude li> I'l Tlir name was aiMt retained by Uelcher in 'iS.i!», and by the l-nited Staten Kxplorin^r Fxpedinun m isil. Diillot de Mofias (LSI I) calls it Cape San Koque on Di.sappointnu'nl. It was calleil Cape Hancock (U Di.sappolntment at the (irst examination of the eiilr.iin > to the river in IS.'iO, and the name llaneoek subseqneiitly in a seeondary manner on the Linlii li m.-i List, lint the name Disappointment is that nseil on the otlicial charts and by all navi},'ators. The Indian name of the Cajw is Kali' I'ese. TIIK IIAK AND KNTRANlE TO TIIE rOH'MHIA HIVEH. The ontranee to the Colnmbia Hiver is a little over five miles wide between the nearest i n of Cajie Disaiipointmeiit and Point Adams, whiidi bear northwest bv west ami .sonllieasi I' from each other. iJiit the narrowest part of the river month in. side of Cape Disappointmeii; > iM'tween Point Adams, abreast of Fort Stevens, and the rocky spur .jntliiif,' Irom ScarboiimJi Hill, where the width is almo.st exactly three niilcH and the bcariiif,' north ten and a half de^m- ea.st (N. lor r..). lleeeta called the entrance Asnneion Hay ; or i»o.ssibly tlie strait futm a fjreat river. VancoiiM r called it an Inlet to a bay or small river; and subsetjuently UronKlitou refers to the lower rea. i--* of the river hh a Stnind. I'Acikk; c(»ast i-r-ri. 457 Uriiatl otr tilt' liiif joiiiiii|r <'a|M- I)isa|i|iiiiiittiii-iit Hiiii INiiiit Ailaiiis tlirn* jh an ii'n*Kiili»' si'iiiii'iiciilai liiiiik (i>rhar)orHlijf'liii;;saiMlslyiii<; aliiiiil I'o it tnilrs out at tlii' liiiiitsor liM> tatlioiim; ami iiisl iiisitU* ol tins liiii-, anil aliniil halfway rimii llii' (ape to I'niiit Aiiaiiis, tliiTc is a Naiiily shiial, a Hiiiall pnrtjon nl' wliirli is alMivi< water at tin- lii;:lirst llilts anil Is kniiwti as Saiiil Islanil. Tlii'iv isalwa.vHiiiii', anil generally iiiiii'i* than iini', iiiaiii passage tlii'iiii;:li thi'si- sainly nlistrurtiniis, iliviiling thfin in Hi'vi-ral parts to wliirli scparati' naiiit-s ai'«^ applii-il. Clatsup Spit is that |iart ri'Mchiiij; out rniin I'liint Ailanis ; Pisirork Spit is the saiitly shnal ;;i'iiri'all;. rnniii'rtfil with ('ap« IMsappointni<-nl ; whilst tin- oiitrriiiiist riiiM' of this liaiiK is Known as the Mitlilli- Saiiils. \Vhrn tlifi'u ai'f two main i;liaiini-ls, they are ealleil the Noitli ami the South (.Ihaniiel. SotnetimeH tliesv rhaiinels ilixiile to the easlwaiil of Sanil IslamI, the North Channel leading oi.t north of that olisti'iii'tion anil lii't ween the I'eai'oek S|)ii ami the Miilille Samis, the lattei liein;; at siieh times coniieeteil with SamI IslamI ; the South Cliaiiiiel leails out lielweeii Sanil Islanil ami tlii^ Clatsop Sjiit, ami tliem-e eiirs in^ to the soiitliwanl liet ween the latter ami the Miihlle .''amis. When these I'll, mm Is iliviile to the westwaril of Sanil l>laiiil the North <'liannel sepaiates the Miihlle Kanils fiiiiii Sanil IslamI ami from the I'laeoek Spit ; whilst the South Channel makes its wa,\, as liefore, lietween the Clatsop Spit ami the .Miihlle Sanils. When there is liiit one ehaniiel the MiililU- Saml.s proper is eiit in two, the .southern part lieiii}; joineil to the ('latsop Spit, ami the northern to tlio Tearoek Spit ; Saml IslamI, at siii'h tiiiies, is pilnIii-iI well over to the mirthwaril towarils liaker'.s Hay, anil may ili.sappear allii};i'tlier, as we know it iliil irit exist at the time of I>roii;;liton'M Survey. The numerous iletaileil siirveystliat haxe lieen niaile of the entrance ami the approaehes at ilill'erent times provei'oni'liisi\'ely the ^fieat i'han;;es eonstantly in>'n\ti on in the ehannels anions; tliesliiials, ami in the position of the shoalH. Diirinji heavy weathei', ami espeeially in winter, the sea lueaks with terrilie fury from tlui mii'thwest waril of Cape IHsappointmeiit ronml the outline of the outer •;ri'at shoals ami aeriLsa the bar well to the southwaril ol I'oiiu Ailams. Few plaees present a seene of more wihliiesis than this Utua, enrveil line of lireakers ; when the fury of the storm is .somewhat spent the cliaiini'ls aie the lirst to smooth ilown, ami then tlie Itreakers on either liaiiil are ^oml means for marking the line uf ileepest water. When thi! sea is wholly smooth there is not a breaker to bu seen on the.> ,. aU'st s]>ot, anil the passable aeross the bar I'an be known only by i'an;;i's ami buoys. The approai'h to the entram-e is now markcil liy a larue whistling' buoy, ami thenee the bars ami the eliaiini'ls are markeil not only iiiio the river but lor nini'ty miles to I'ortlaial. The currents are ver\ stionj; ami, insiile the onler shoals, very iriej^iilar ami contlictin;;. In IS.'il, when oil' Saml IslamI, we measureil the strength of tlieebb current, ami foiiml it nearly live ami a half miles per ho In IS(i.'<, when the ciiannel was much w iiler ami ileeper, the ob.servations of the (7oast ami (ieoiletic Survey showeil a maximum velocity of only three ami fourtenths miles per hour near tim same posit ion. A series of ob.servalion,s was then niaile to show the direction ami xelocily of the current iliiriii^M-ai'li iiuarter of the ebb ami lloml t'roin the bar to .\>.toiia. Theie are .several ;;'em'rali/.atioiis tlierefroin that are of interesl. These obscrx atioiis show, firstly, thai in the main channel there was no shu-k water at tlu^ i'han;,'e of liiles from llooil to ebb; sei'omlly, that oil' tic- ei.lrance to tiie then north chaujiel the ina\imuin velocity of the llooil was two miles per hour, ami the maxiniiiin vi'locily of the I'lib two ami three teiil lis miles; in the norlli channel the maximum velocity of llie llooil was two ami one hal' miles, ami of Ihe ebb two ami seven-tenths miles per hour, .\boiit a mileeast warilof ('ape Disappointment an ebb curreiil of foiiraml foiirtenthsniiles wasmeasnreil; ami al one mile east of Saml IslamI the llooil ran one ami one half miles per hour ami the « bit four miU's. While it is ii.seless !o point out the force ami ilirectioii of the currents in the river troiii the bar to Astoria from that yi-ar's work, yet the forejioin;; li;;iire;', show clearly the f^reater velocity of the, ebb current over the llooil. This ilepeinls upon the uieater volume of water |iaNsin}{ out on the ebb current; it is corroborateil bv the fact that tliiriufi June, the .season of freshets, ]iotable water can betaken up for the use of vessels at Ihe bar. i'ltlumliin J\'ipif : current to the northwaril. The Daviil.son Inshore Edily Current iminediiitely northwaril of the Columbia Kiver i.s mani- fested by the fact that nine out often buoys that ;:et adrift oil' the Columbia Kiver };o ashore rin},'s at the m ? 41 yil '1 m 4.".s •ACIKU' «'i»AM' I'll.ul 'Mil ! <:& ' ■: ('I'll I Mi.i: fiMi^i liiir ill .l.iiiiiarv, IHHt>. |( was iif\l si'i-ii on the L'ltli ol' .liiiir m Ihc SImIiUhII Sii.iii, Kaili.ik iMlaiitl iiiiil tlif pciiiiiNiila ol' Alaskii. On tlif 'Jtitli ntJiitif il w.is |iiiki'i| ii|i Its th, Al hi ill lalilmlt' r*! -I' imrtli aiitl l IM ' l.'r \\fn{, uliniii ijltiTii milrs .sniitl I'tntii till' iiioiitli III' tilt' Karliik Itixi'i. liiM' tiilliiwi'il till' ;.'i'iii'ial tii'iiil ul' tin- riia>t, it must Ii.im' ii.imIiiI nut 1< .s ili.,,, lil'triMi liiiiiiliril anil t'lirtx iiiiir> Ul oiir liiiiiilii'il anil si\t.\ M'M'ii ila\s, III an a\ria;;i' III iDiii' ii.ii,^ a , |sii<.). thr liinis un tlir sniilli I'lnl nl tin' Miilillr Sainls wi'iii ailiit'i, aiiii Inn III I nil till' lalli nt .llll\ at ('ajir < 'nnk, Nain'nilM'l' Islaiiil. in latitinlr "ill di', liin;:ill|i|i' I,' tliii'i' liiinilii'il ami l'ni't\ iniirs ilistaiit. It was ltaill,\ imlriitril ami a|i|irairil In liavi Imi i IllMrll Inr .SKlili' tllni'. In III' alinnt Mrtnlti'i. is'il, tlirir was ili.sriix crnj niii' inili> iioitli nt' tlii> ('ii|iali.s I;imi :|i, Il «, .11 tl wiinlr sti'l'll liaini' III' tlir |iln|M'lli'l' (ii m nil Wiliiril, wliirli hail lirrli wrri'ki'il nn Clatsiip >|. tli.in tun vi'ai's |iri'\ iiin>l,\ , has in;; licrii r.iriiril lis tlir |iri'\ ailiiii; liltnral I'linrnl at h i- mill's t'lnin Its iii'i;:inal |in.sitiiiii arniratrls ili'ti'iniint'il !■> th*' Ciia.sl Siii'vi',\ in is.'C, sslnn i' litlh'iiinii' than a iiiilr trnni rniiit .\ilanis. !\l\ Tills ilii'i'ct inn ami iiiiivciiii'nt III' till' iii.sliini' i-ihlv rniit'iit i.s vstalili.shiMl l>\ iiiiirh r innil.iii I'viil t'Vlilrlirr. 'I'hi'si' stmii;,' ami iniitin'tin;; rniii'iil>, tin' hrix.s .sssrll, ami tlir >anils Imtinin ni 'I > li, rhaiiiii'N, ami a|i|iin.n'lirs, rnmliiiir tn ssnik sssil'l ilrsti iirtmn u|iiin a sr.ssi'l sshirli is stiapi|i sitii tlie hall' ssnnileil ('n.\eniiili Hill, n\rr the I'liiiit Ail.iiis l,!::lil house. Wi'lltnthe snnlh\saiil is stTii Sailille .Mniintain, anil 'i'lllainnnk lleail iiisiile nt tl.i' l.iiiit outline III' r.ipi' |''ali-iin. 'rhi'liii;;lit ^^leeii pati'li on Seal lioron};li Hill is seen well tn the neilli .'».stwaiil. iml the Nnitli lle.nl nl Cape I lisappoiutiueiit is the limit ol'tlie land viesv tnss nil-lin uortli. Vancouver iiauit'il Mount St. Helens in l"l>2. INSIDE THE COLUMBIA RIVER .SV()(./ Ishiiiil — This liisv, samly islainl is the viHible »laii},'ei' in the niiiltlle nf the enii I. .11 III the riser. It lies jnsiile the line joining Point Adams ami <"ape IHsappointim nt. In l"^!! ii ".is alnin.st aliieast ol I'niiit Ailains and less than one third the wiiltli of the riser t'loiii the pmii'. In l.S.-di it had iiinved a little .seassaril, and was I'arthei t'rniii Pnint Adams. In l.Sii.S it ssas iiiiii iimi hall' way aeinss tii<'ape Di.sappointiiieiit Imt inside the hue. In IS.Sii it had taken a slia|ii liL< i linonieran;; with one point a mile and a ipiarter east nt' the Cape and en the same paiallil. .li.il the nihil point lieiit lip the nver and three iiiih's northwest rroiii l''nit Steseiis. It is aliont tsvo miles Ion;; and has an asera^e svidtli of nearly t'niir hnndied \aiils. I'mii sists nl Innse .saml laisid a tew teet alinve the rueraiid eoveu'd u illi stranded tiee.s, ill li 'Jn ete.. Iii'niieht ilnwii liy the Ireshels. Foiiiieily the North Cliaiiiiel rail iiround the iioriln.i ' 'I' of this i.-laml, lint llieshnal I'lniii its nni the, ist side has hpieail inwards the ('liinnok M I. v..iirli al.-o has lies elnped tnssaiils Sand Island, and nnw there in passap' way Inr only nine ni ii Ini nt' water ill plaee of four fathoni.s. The main ehaniiel of the river pa.s.ses elo.se under thr nili Hide nf S.iml Island and, striking the great Middle Sauds, it* divided, one part iiioviiiK' tn tin niji and the other to the uurtLweMt. I'ACIKK" COAHI' I'lLdT. 4r)!> Tlifiv is ;» l)ciicoii liiiilt ii|hiii tliis isliind to iillnnl i'iiii;;i'H Im vi'sncIm. Ihiiiiiu lliv llsliiii;; !i <• iiniil.itnr It Si, IMmis lilllrU 1 1 w • I «'llllll .nil-, t'i'^li! I-. i'.lic l\ cliM'liMl;.'! s ■| II. ml, : .iiiil Lll.lll:s |,l;,'||| I- ol \\.r lilllit I) til.' Iicllll lll« lIlN (111- ' rill 1.1(1 III I l>'l 1 i; n,i> !(■ |ili|ll!. Ill I.S lllnti :iMII isli.i{>i Irlvi' J laiMJlt'l. ,iiii| ' S«')l- <>iiiiii>> -.nil llii-if iii'c Niiiiii'tiiiicH lift larkHtunl otlirc tciii|Mirar,\ liuili|jii;;.siin Saml l>laiiil I'ni tlit' arc ilaliiiii ol' ti.HluMiiit'it. liiiLrr's /,•,()/.— Til iN is thi'iliip ifccssitiii of llic HJiorr to tin- iiortliwaiil ol'Siinl iNJaiiil iM'twcni till' i'\tii'tiiit> of ('api' hi.sa|i|Miii'|iii('iit ami Cliiiiook I'miit. Tlit- vM.sltin .slmrc ol' lliis lia.v is llio ruHt side of ijic <"a|H' Im immiIv tjini' iiilirs in a (jciicral iioillicrl.x iliicctioii; iliciict' llii' slioio >\M'('|>s lo till' iM.stwanl ami soiitlira.si ward I'or six iiiilcs to rjijnool, I'omt. 'I'lic lain-f stirlcli of shoii' IS low, lioidt'icd liN <'\|i'iisj\i' iiiai.vjii's, and rcrcivcs tlir wati-is ol tlio W'allaciit and llii< Cliiiiook Hivcrs. Tlir Widlatiil l.'ivcr (Wal la kliiil) ciilns at I lie noitiit'niino.st hind ol' Die hay NJMin'; il is a smiuII slii'ain coininu tliiiMi;:li niarsln-s from tlir din-ition ol' Slioalwalii liav, wliicli il very ikmiIn rrailics. 'I'jic rhin.iok j.'ixri i Wap jia loo rlirc) cntiTs two injli-s lailluT lo tin- laslw.iid; It lias moic tlir cliaiatli r ol a .sImi^Iii lliitf or font mill's Ion;;, '{"lie nortli sln>i<' of llakri's ila.v and tin- >oiitli sliotc ol Slioalwalt't !>a,v ate only lliicc and a <|iiai'ti'r iiiih's ajiart, and till' land Ix-twci'ii tlii'iii is i|iiil(' low altlioii;:li di'ti.'iid,\ wtiodcd and malted witli tliirk iiiidi'iiiriisli. llakri's Hay was roriiinly a dri'ii and ra>il\ .ii'its.siIpIi' liaihor with a (iiir aiirliora;;^ and | iro- tictioii clo.sc iiiidiT til*- eastern sliori' or«'a|ie I >isa|i|iointiiieiit. The main ship eliaiinel passed elose under the Tape, and well into I'.akei's I'.a.v, eai i> iii^ si\ ana seven I'allioiiis, and at ilsslioiilest part lint less than three and a hall' ra»Ii.>iiis. In |S.",1 Sand Island la\ nearer Point Adams than llie Tape, l)iit it has ;;iailiiall\ worked to the iioi lliw aid and a litthi westvvard until il has coin plelely lilorked iip I'.akei's I'.ay, and the <" iniHik Spit is joined to the eastern side of the island. The mirtliwest point of the islaml is now ad\aiieed so I'ai into Hakei's Itay as to Ite to the north, ward of the point of the Cape. To naliii.il eaiise.'^ for shoaliii;; the l>ay have lieuii added artitUual olistriietioiis in the shape ol lai;;e niimliers of lish ti.ips. Inside the l)a\ the principal oli)ert of note to the iiavi;,'atoi was •• l.titiliiiy in liliiff" vvliieli is a roeky elilf of moileiate hei;;ht one ami three ipiaiteis miles noiih one third \vest(N. ,', U.) fntiii the easternmost part ot' theCape and in i.iii^e with it when iiileiili;: liy the Soiitii t'liannel; lint as the liar has i'haii;;ed it ■ posiiion tins raii^e is not now .ivail.ilile. Iiiiiiiedia;el,\ inside the ('a[)e, III llieeo\e with llatioii, with crew alwa.vs on diit\, is eslalilished III I'lakei's 11, ly on a w half adjoiniiii; the iiiililaiv whart. Iiakei'< r.iiy was naincil by liioti^'htoii in I7!l- In I.SO."»-'tl Lewis and Clarke called it Haley's r/iniooA I'oiiit. — Thi.s is the western palt ot' the loiij;, rounding' point which lies on the north liav. side of till' river liroad olf the iioitli shore of I'oini Adams. The south side of this point is two miles Ion;.; east and west, and Chinook Point propi'r is the sonlheriimost ]iait of tliel(>w shore onu and Ihe ei;;liths miles west of I'oinl IHIicc. Less than a ipiaiter of a mile behind it tluHliit wiioded iiiar;;iii cliaii;;es to a wooded hill which rises rapidlv towards the north. Ill front of the point is a loii^', low sand strip wlih a broad, low water sand beach. The three-fathom line lies four hiiiidred .yanls outside the low water mark. I'iast of Chinook Point and iiearei Point Kllieo there was an asseniltla;;e of tishin;; lints. We.M of Chiiio ik Point, six tenths of a mile, the beaeli is broken by the roek.\ .>piir lioiii .Scat boron ;; 1 1 Hill projeetin;; beyond the hi.i;liwater sand l>ea<'li. Tins spur is ^rass ami fern <'overed ami reaches three hnndred and twenty feet elevation iit une- third of a mile to the north. te a setileiiieiit at Chinook Point and a lar^'c cannery between it and Point. Ther e I.S now ipii Kllice. ('hiiiook Point was the favoriic location ot' the once powi'rfiil tribe of Chinook Indians, and here the eelebiated one eyed chief Coiicomly liehl sw ly. In I.S.">I the tribe had dwindled to less than il hundred per.sons— men, women, .iiid children— and they were jioor, miserable, drunken, diseased wrelelies. The point was ealled Villivp;e Point by P.roiiuhlon in K'.IL'. In I.S;i'.t it was called Clieiioke Point by iSelcher. If was iiauied Chinook Point by the Coast Survey in 18>"»0. The Indian name is now N6ae to-ilse. I :• i^ii i k 4(;i> I'AC'IKir COANT IMI,OT. I •* firarliiirDUijh Hill. — TIiim ih ii wrll kimwii laiiilinaik iiihI lfa oh tin- iiniti, ,], „f t1u« riviT iH'liind riiiiiiHik I'niiit. Tlio liiulu"*! 1>iirt Vwh ilinc and n halt' iiiilcN noiih li\ . i s l>> v..) t'min I'liil .S|c\fiiH on I'liint A lams, aiitl live ami liirci' (|iiarlti.s iinlis rasl Unci ,, . ,rt|.|> north (i:. ,' N.l ti ('a|M' llisa|i|Miiiilmt>iit l.i;;ht. It is a Ioiih:, (,'railnall\ ri-*iii^' hill si,|r i.tri, iii^ from a narrow |M>iMt ami ri(l;;t' at tho rivi-r'n tMlp- to tin- Niimmit of the riil;;c. It is ,. .n.j with ;;iass. tern, iml sallal lin>lics. ami pn'snitH an iinnsiially hri;:lil ;,'rnn a|»|Marami' lin , ,„ .m cither siili' ami Ih'ImiiiI it tlir hilN ar vrrrtl with the iliiiso toirsis of li.ii k i^Mrcn tit. I .III,. only Kr:i>f« lacctl lull on iIm- north sitic of tht- rixcr iiisiilr ('a|M< nisa|i|>oiiitim-nt vJNilih' Im .< i winl. Tin- ;.'coi.'ra|»liii'al poMitioii of tin- I'. S. ToaNt ami ill|l||- li;i ■< Hr.,1 Tin- hill was ralliMl Chinook Mill lis thr I'liiti'd States KNiilorin); I'-xpcilitioii in ls||, i \,,, always known to tln' Ilmlson l>a> Company's pcoph- as ScailHiioii;;!, Ili'll.amI this naiiit I, |. in in rt'taiiictl li\ na\i;,Mtors. Thf iiM'ky point whi-rcthi' hill rrarhi's the river l>oi'an one ami ti\eei;;htlis miles east of ( hiiiook roinl. Tin I'hi.hI saml l>caeh eomiii;: trom llakei's liay.aml lirokcii only liy Seai'lioiiiii;4li rmnt, e!io,s lUsi Imimh P stil! -tm farther inland. It is covered with a heavy ;;ro\\tli of trees. These hillocks wi'ie ii>eil .1 mh.-c marks liel'me the liar ,iiid I'li.iiiDel wire tlioron;.dil\ luioyed. The deepest elianiii'l o| ih ilNer rillis under point I'llliee w hell' it is half a mile Willi' l..'l\M'i'ii the tliiie falliolii lines, and the depth reaches foiiiteen to til'li'cn fatlionis. ( tiic and three eijihtlis miles to the noitliward of roiiit I HI ice in a small leeession of iL. !< . p clilVs there is a lar;;e caiincrv. It lied I-; ruint li\ r>clcliei in ls;i<), Mild named I'oint llllice li> the liiii I ii >i.ii. I'.Npli'iiii;; I'lxpcdition 111 Isll, after I'alward I'^llicc, then om- of the Directors of the IlihUni \\.\\ Coinpan>. The liidi.iii name is No welitl kai Use. r/(_//' I'niiii Ins one and .seven eighths miles to the northwurd of I'oint l-'.lliee. It 1- > In-li riH'ky III II 11 with deep water under It at the time of the survey. One and a ipiarter mll< -^ ' .'hi ClilV I'oiiil Is a M'lllemeiit known a.s Kii.ippton, formerly Cementville. There is a saw nin' .iml canni'i,\ heie. l''ormeil\ the Uiiscmlale Cement was manntaclii'ied here and shipped tlieiiri' Tuns]! I'liint. — This i.s the low point on the south side of the river a little o\er two mili'' east liy south half soiilh (V.. Iiy S. \ S.) from l'"ort Stcven.s. It is low, marked !iy small saml iliims with low niaishy ^;rniiiid hehind it, throu;,'h which drain Tansy and Alder Creeks. 'Hhh' < .1 Inoad low water .sand lieaeh in I'lont of the point, and the thre<> I'atliom cnr\e lies tliiee lii.ii'lu'l and toity yaids oiitsnl,. the shore line. .\ lilack liiioy marks the noith side of the channel 1' . i-' ol Tansy I'oint, and tlnie is deep water and a strong "t roiiK'h foti'st land whose western extrt'inity is Smith's Point. It is the tirst hi;,'li point innli iini |ia.ssiny I'ort Stevens, fr.im which it hears east one tilth north (I'.. ', N.) distant four :iiiil .1 UM miles. The lidL'e Uses looxei foiirhundreil feet eloxatioii at CoMoml) Hill liehind .Astoria. In. 11; Smith's Point the northwest shore swells out and curves to the northeastward for over a ml. t" Astoria. There is .1 loiij; shoal stretchin;; westwaid from Smith's Point for over three-iiuail« 1- 11 mik" towards Tansy Point. The lifteeii feet chaiinel to Vouiik's Iviver runs on the .soiilli > 'I i'A( inc « oAsr I'li.oT 401 lliiH sliilill illltl lll<> tlci'p I'liaillii'l tif tll« <'nli|lllliiil on (lie liortli siilr. () \u > inilo lM>r \„-h lil.-s !„ ,,,i„i ii\* iiiii' .iiiil lu'lM !■ II null-, c.isl Silllii .1., '■ - Tl.i;. - , I'n' lil,|ii|lri| Itlt'l .ihii':i.>t I'U llii- lilhiV li:iy. 1- I II rk.'- l; Ml, l\\ I |il;^i- 111 niaili illrr ' ailil .1 li:ll(' iri:i. I'lMiii (■!■ ; h III laiii-i^ 'I' .1 mtlj - .:'■ liC illi ll llii'D' is a liltK'U liii;i< til' till' llni'i' rallmni cniM-nii ilii- nurlli sjili- uf |l Iiannd. On liit^ iKirtliMf.st NJilo III' till- |iiiiiii, iiiiiMil*' III' sK I'tTl III' wall!, ,1 sitihi till lliiht liasliri-ii placinl. It is a liitlti owv liair a mile Niiiilliwrsi wunl of tlii" tnwn of Astoiiu. The clianK'tcii.slirs of tlicMt) lichtH an* ^ixfii in tlit> annual list of tli*> l.iulil House l.oaril. Tins 1 1 was imIIiiI roml Ocoiur li\ I'.ron^'litiiii in l7!tL'; I'ojnt li.v lU Irlicr :ii l,S3ft; N.iiiii;,''s I'oiiil li.v Ilii' rinliil Slalrs i:\|ilorJn;,' KniiciIiIioii in |S||; Viiun;;'s Toinl liy tli« Ooast Siirvi-y ill i.H.')Oi Hniilirs I'oiiil by llir <'iiast Siiivcy in lln' friaii;;iilatiiiii of IS'ili; tliiH iiaiiio Iijm lii'i'ii ivlaliinl on tlic iatiT cliaits. I.i-wis .iinl riaikr lantlrd iimlrr litis ]ioiiil liiil iljil not iianiit it. Yiiiniii'x /.■(///.— Tlic ilrv|i iircssioii of llic soiiili sliiiir iii'iwi'cn 'I'aiisy roinl anil Sinilirs I'oiiit IS known as \ iiiin;;'s May. It tails liaik oih> ami a liall' inili-s, ami at tlir easUiii part stn'ti-licH inMiiy two iiiilfs caslHanl lirliiml .Sinilirs I'oini, so thai lln- lii;;li I mil Iwtwci'ii llic sliori's of tin- (Mliiiiiliia at Astoriii ami Yiiiin«'s l.'iviT is really a proniontory alioiil a mile wiile ami more than 11 mill's liin^. < III lliis priiniiinloiy, lu'liiml Asioria, is < 'o\i'i>mii Hi Inio the weslern part of N (iiiii;;'s I'.ay iimli i 'I'lnsy rmnl eiiieis si'mt.iI creeks lliroiij,'li Hie low, inar.siiy lamls. Towanls the oiili-r eiljii" ol the llals oil Hie iiiniith of Skepperiia win Creek tliero Is now a pileil wharf siiAini,' as a lishinn slalioii. IJeiween llial rreek .iml 1 ewisaml Clarke's Ifiver the olil marsh line liiis iieeii iliki'il, aiiil now iiiiiiieroiis I'ai m Iioum's ai' "en aloii;,' the .shiire. The laller river, ii i|iiarterof a mile wiileat ils immlh, empties into Hie Im\ one ami one tliinl miles sii.iHi southeast iioiii Smith's I'oiiil. On this rivei Lew is ami Clarke i st.ililisheil their winter ipiarters three ami a iiiiaiter miles tnnii the imiiilh. Vomit's lliver r. plies in llieeastei'iiinost pait of the hay. It Im i|iiite a lar;;e stream, a iinarter of a mile wiih . il.^ innntli, w ith a deep eliaiinel. On the north >li(ii of the lia\, half "ay Itetween Smitli's Point and Voukr's Itiver, llien; is now ;i larjro I'.Nt.iolishinent fur niannfiietiirin/; lish ml. Lewis ami ( hii ke ealleil tlii-^ .Meriwether's l!a\. Viiiin;;'s Itner was ilisi-inereii, examiiieil, ami iianieil liy riron;;hliin in IT'.t'J, ami tli«> iiaiiio lias exienileil to tln' iSay. .I.s7()ri((. — This town is on the North sale of ihe lii)^h proiiiotitoi'y lnrmeil liy Yiimi<,''s I'iveroii I lie smith ami the Colnmlua on the iiortli. The western part of the town is imir anil tlir ipiarters miles mirth ei;;liiy iletfrees east (N, ,so l'',.i from the stake li^'lit iiei'r l-'nrl Stevens. 'I'lie .l\/(ir I'liiiil of a few years slnee is eompletely olilit«-rateil, ami the place is covered by |iart of the town of Astoria, wliiili has projected it, self out to tleep wat»T. The whole shore is riPM'red with liiiililiiiiis and with wharves; the line of wharves is carried eastward from near Siiiilli's I'liiiit for two miles to I'pper Astoria; and even still further towards Tmiyiie Point. .\storia has developed so lur<,'i'l> since the Inception of the salmon (isheries for the catching ami lircserving of that lish. Iliat the whole Idght lietween Astor Point and Cpper Astoria is now a sli';ii;tht line and the twenty live or thirty w halves projecl into Hie deep waters of the channel. Till' rmi^li hill sides have been cle.ired of the deii.se growth of tir, and now line hmi.ses, .schools, and churches, climb up the steep slopes. All enormous business is done here during the '■Salmon season," froiii April to iliily, inclusive, when se\'eral thmisand (ishernieii are employei!. and probably nmre than a thousand boats are on I lie liver as far out as the liar at one tiim*. K.xtensivo wharves reeeiv(< the ships which carry away the Salmon, and others loiid with wheat Irom the interior. Many ships conic down laden from Portland and either pa.ss .Vstoria or lie here a day or two waiting a fa\iiialili' oppmlmiity to cross the bar, the pilots and tugs for which, have tlii'ir headipiarli'i's here. Large ocean steamships are continually arriving and leaving, and all |iass up to I'ortlaml. Fast Itiver Steam boats make daily or frei|uei ' trijis from Astoria, C'lat,so|i, and Ihvaco to I'ortliind and other tow iis on the ii\cr. Ill l,"iS8 there were reported the following wharves at this place exclusive of the two wharves for the oceiiii steamers and river steamboats : salmon canneries, f weiilyfoiir ; box factories, two; saw nil Iks, I wo : wooi I, one ; with slio:iliiig in front of ,some of them. The channel which passes along Hie Astoria ,'-hiire is reduced to three hundred yards in width by Hie building out of wharves. The iimlh side of the channel is quite steep to. and abreast of I |iper .Vstoria it is even bjire at low water. Extensive areas have less Ihan six feet of water upon Iliem; but abreast of the western jiart of Astoria there is a broad channel of eight or nine feet depth iMuinecting t\n) Astoria <'liannel with the Middle Channel. In tliis Astoria channel tbencc to Tongue Toiiit there are two rocks which narrow the channel, m nil I HI M llb JMh ; m B| w mP' i m m 4G2 PACIKIC (OAST PILOT. tlio s sliaipl.v towards tlit> cast ai.il < inui.s to one liundifd and twi'nt.v livf .vai(K« in widtii iiisidt* flic tlircoCitlioni lines ; and almiM n,,. black Itiiov, live cij^litlis of a mile nearer Tongue Point, tiie channel is only one liundrcd nii,| nm yards in vNidtli but opens beyond. These contractions, tc^jetlier with artilicial ones by the bnildiu},' out oC wharves, inusi 1, m ,\ disastrous ciVcct upou tlic .\storia channel ; lor it is a possibility th.it said cliannel may be liii:||,.| throttled between Smilirs I'oiiit and Tongue I'oiiit ami be reduced tii a blind passable li.iMi. |,, rapid tilling; in. The f;eoi:rapliical position of the V. S. Ciistoin house in .\storia, :is rediUH'd from llic pd^iiKin of the old astronomical slaliiui of the ("oast Survey on .Vsttu- Point, is: l.aiitiiili' ii; 11 IT ■ .-I II. mil l...n;;iliiili' I'.M .Ml II C. wist Or, in lliiii- -I i:," •J\\{\. ('D.nniiili Hill. — Tills isa luodi'iiitcly liij;li hill on the south side of the rixcr bcliind lli. imvii of .\slori:i. 'I'lic iiuilheru half of the hill is now denuded of its hi;;h lir trees, ll Is u>c(l, l.\ ||ir jiilots :inil iia\ iuiilors la miliar with the entrance to the ('nlumi>ia IJiver. as :i raiific \\ illi \:ii\ in:: parts ot Piiliit .\d:liMS jo iiidicale the jiositions of the southern t.ill of the Middle S:niils :iiii| W,,- P.ar. Tdiiiiiii I'iiiiit*.—'\'\\\!i is a ]iri>miiient point on tin- south side of the rixi'r about tliicc ;niii ,i half miles fiiim .Vsior Pniiit. It bears north sixty six dc;,'rces t-ast (N. (>lioie, to which it Is connected by ;i low and very narrow neck of land. The iiorlliiiii |mhiiI is sleep :iiul sli.ii p. and seventy live v.inls to the e:istwardof it lies a sum 1 1 rock ninisli a I lii;;li u.ilii TIk^ ciiriiiils sweep p. 1st this po';it w illi ;;ie:it force, and, owili;; to the |iccnli:ir obstruclioii \> linli ii forms, occii.sjou deep scouiin.i; directly otV it, where a depth of thirty lalhoms is foiinil .11 lun humlrcd y:iii|s. I'lom this point the dcc|i and broad iniildle channel of the ri\cr di\ nli ~ inic three (1,.'|) chiinnels strelchiii}; across and np the rixer. The iimin shipchannel is iiiioM .1. iiml chanj,'es in location of the buoys are made whenever the chanjje in the channel demands ii. T(mj;ue i'oiiit is :i well iparked oliject when a vessel Is otV the bar of the river, .oiti ,i|'|i(:ii> like a low wooded isl.ind. It is a j;ood raii;;'e mark under all cliaii;;es of posltimi of the b.ir .\ .sliikr liijlit is jilaced on the \\csleru shore of Tony;ue I'oiiit three eighths of a iiiilc Imin it> nortlicin extremity. 'I'liis is a white liKht and is (uie of the niimerons li};lits of stindai (li:ii:ul(i which li:i\n been placed ahmjj the rivers cay> l.ivci there is a very narrow channel c;irryiiig about seven or •■ight feet of water in the shoalesl ].;'rls towards the cuslcrn month. •••T,. «lii(li «c guv.. ilicMaiiu-T.)Mgii« Point;" Friuah.T.-, p. PM. II.. vvasiii Kak.r's liiiy in 111.' Nlii|. / l«>" ill IMII. TAl'IKK? COAST I'lI.oT. 463 IIIIISl li.iM' ;| ly lie r;ii:li,.| i;;i' li.ililc |,, illll I llr hUVIl iM'd, I.', III,. " il ll MM \ III:; Hill- mill III,. >" 'liMid. IIm'M' ;i!i''.ii1\ 1(1 Dlir I'lulilli (i\f n^liHiN of 11. II illll. 1 { 'iCIU T'llllt llliillll^ I'llllll • ol' llir riwr lill^' clihrllv 1 l>liiii'i- anil I fillll iiulr- \h\\'> liiM'i lest p.'rls (Inty^x /^)iH^— Tills is tlic iiuMlcralt'ly lii},'li wooilcd |Miliit on tho norfli side of tlio river lliroo .iinl livrfiHli lis miles iiortli twoiit.y «'if;lil (U'kiccs west (N. L'S" \V.) Iroiii T()ii}:iu> INiint. It lii's iiiiir iiixl Mi'veii oi)j;litlis niiU's nortli ('(irt.v livo rt> is no deep diaiiiivl to ilic east or to the west. Yellow ItliilVs lie tour inik's nortb .si'venty-throe dejj;rt'('.sea.st (N. 73° E.) Inmi tills point, and between tlieiii lies (Irak's liay. Il was named ('a]>e r.ronj,'li|on by I'.elelier in 1S;5!», but was called (iraj's Point by the D. 8. I'xploiiii^' Ivxiiedilion in 1S|1. On the earliest Coast .Survey eliarts it wasealled Cape IJroii;:liton, iiiit on the later ones it is desij^iiated (ira.\'s I'oint. The point in the bij^ht between J'oiiit Kllieo jiid (iiay's Point, now called ('HIV Point, was named ('hathain Mead by P>elclicr in l.S.'>t). Tlicru is no name to this l)ijflit, but near its deepest part there is a larj^e establishineiit einbracinj;; a .'MMiieiy mill a saw mill at Knappl>)ii, formerly ('eineiit\ ille. The easternmost projeetioii of (iray's Point is known as Portuguese Point. Yrllow nii(l)>i. — This is tli(' loiindinfi and ro(d;y southwest faeo of Flat Hill, a great basaltic mass rising abri'pliy IVoiii the river and reaching an elevation of thirteen hundred feet in live- iiglillis ol'a mile. There is shoal water on the west snleor the point, but a dcepehannel iindcrtho siiiitli lace of I'lat Hill. Yellow P.liiIVs and the eoni|iarati\ ely low but wooded slioru to the north- wai'il to (iray's liiver form the eastern lioiindaiy of (iray's P.ay. I'lider the southern face of l''lat Mill, where the deep ehannel is close to the shore, a «/rt^T /'(//(/ has been placed about one and one tenth miles eastward of Yellow P.lnlVs. It shows a irhitt' liijlil. and is one of the numerous lights up the river, 'fhe ehaiacteristics of these lights are given III the annual list of the Light IToiise P.oard. It is eight miles from .Vstoria. li.'. is the shoal bav, two miles deep. Iving between (liav's Point and Yellow (inill's /.*((!/. -Tl I.liitVs. Large patches are bare at 1 ow wa ter, espeeiall> in the eastern part, but a moderately st of (irav's Itiver and at its mouth the baiika arc low deep channel inns close under the northwest shore from the mouth of the AlamiiMit or DeeplMvcr, past Poitiigiicse Point and (lia\'s Point. Alamicnt Iti\'cr opens about a mile \ but densely wooded. The bay was named by P.ioiighloii in IT'.tL' in honor of Captain (iray. Abreast of Flat Hill the river is li\e miles bioad, but the southern part is wholly ocenpied by Inw islands wliii'h a'e in part marshy and in part I'overed with citttoiiwood. There ani numerous channels tliioiigh Iheni, with one ])iinclpal one called Prairie Channel which is buoyed. Thence to the eastward between .liiii Crow and Three Tree Points, on the north shore, and Callilamet Point on the simtli shore, the river narrows down lo two miles in width, with half that space occupied by shoals and islands. I'rom two to two and a half iiiiles eastward from Yellow I'.liilfs there are two fishery stations Mild a landing. Abreast the lower of these stations, on the niiposite tiats, bare at low water, there IS another fishing station. I'illiir /i'vert'all,s frcmi t\ III a liair to M\ I'allhi iih; lint li,v ki'ep llie Miiitlierii slime alinaiil tnim (irav'w llav, a siillieiiMit iteptli nf water ,viU lie loinul. Lev i.s and Clarke sav that — II '.tiatilv iiplioMle niii eaiiip j.. a ri rk i't llieihslanee cf a mile In llie ii\er, almiil Iwenly feet ill iliameter and lil'lj 111 lii'i)>lit IJelcher in lS.i!l ,sa.\s il ri.ses thirty feet above the sea from a depth of live fathoms. The siiminit is ten by tl\e feci and is eoxered with bushes and grass. The C. S. Kxploriiig Kxpeditioii (fSII ) says (he rock is twenty live feet high and only ten feet sipiaie on top. Il is coin[iosed of conglomerate. The liuliau uamo is Taluaptea. ;!!• : )•' *hl 404 I'ACIKIt' COAST l'IM>T. Jim Crow r»)(«/.— TIlis is one of tlif well known liuKltnarkM alontr tlio livr .and is Ml lirst ili'cidcd contractioii of tlic livt-r to a main i-liannt'l way Nt-vcn vijjlitlis of a niiii- widi it and Wiiodv Island on llic sontli. Ill .M til,. I'Arcii It is a vertical rocky flitV, risin}; to ono liundrtMl IVct, and projcctin},' Hharply i for two liundivd and tifty yards; while btdiind it tlic Itasaltu' ciilVs, tir rovcivd, r liuiulifd Ici't in less tlian six linndrod yards from tln> water. The cnrrents sweep v past it Willi deep eddies and Inillin};; tlu' bottom is seonred out to a depth of twenty I Vom ilir «l„iiv Ise 1 1 MMl with live and six fathoms of water in mid stream. W(i l.il!i s. In the lii;;hl a little over a ipiarter of a mile mirtheast from the point there is liir,i!,,i n,, IJrooklieid Salmon Cannery, dim ("row Point is twelve anil a half miles fnnn Astoria. lannel cii'ili,. nvci iliiii W'lunh/ luliinil. — This low island is the lirst lir covered island near the main el As soon as a vessel has ronndcd Toiijjne Point this islaml slmws dark and distinct fnuii tl islaiiils to the southwest of it. wliich are covered with Cottonwood and Itnslii It I ICS Mill southeast from dim Crow Point, and the main channel passes between them. The islaml iiiiiiii s western cihI. u iiji a one mile loiifr, east and west, by half a mih' wide. The lir trees are on it few stra^'^Iin^ ones on the eastern cxtremit.v. On the north shore ot' Woody Island was a tishinj; station in ISS.l. Thr Wiiiiih/ hliiiiii Cliaiincl, fttrmerly the main channel antl used by all ocean sicnn sjiiliny; vessels, rims on the northwest side of Woody Island and aloMf; Ih" portliwesl siilt ..r II arsh islands to the southwest of it; thence it winds throu;;h the shoals tliron;;li the nnilillc uf lilcS I'ldlM ,l|!|| 1 OIH' !■ |mI.i|>, tlie river to Ton-iue Point. It is j>arlly buoyed. Thin Trie Point. — On the northern side of the river, one and .seven ei^thths n Crow Point, there is a slight but sharp ]irojectii:!; point of basaltic rock, risin;; rapidlv t hutidred Icet hi;,'h. It had upon it three tir trees whu h .serve<| as ;;ood marks for the n\i The basaltic but wooded <; ill's belli ntl it rise to .seven hundred feet in one third of a nil!.'. The river is hcr(> one and .seven ei;;Iitlis miles wide between the liii;li points, but it i- 1.iil.'i1\ occupied by sainl ll, Us and low islands, throii^^h which pass several narrow channels l.n mm, ill ves.sels. The main sliip-cliannel is close under Three Tree I'oiiit, and is less than one i|ii:iiii i ni a mill' wide liiit carries over twentv fallioms of water directlv olV the cl ills. The cliaiiinl i.'llnws close niidcr the lii;;h dill's to the northeast and then under the low but heavily woodcil >li(iii-. Fisherton It half a mile to the northeast there was the (ilen l^lleii Caiiierv, wli Cll \,.l- burneil and abandoned; and at one and live ei;,diths miles to the northeast, where the ].'.\ -limv bcfiins, is the Ocean Cannery. I'liree Tice Point is fourteen and onethird miles from Astoria. Ciithliimcl I'liinl. — This is the hi;.'li point on the south side of the river, one and nim Nnih- iiiiles .south thirtyone dej,'rees east (S. .'!l ' K.) from Three Tree Point. The point is the iki :liu<>i terminatiiiii of a rocky spur which projects more than two miles beyond the p'lieral inai-in .M iln basaltic foiiiiation. It reaches an elevation of four hundred and titty feet only one i|iihi si mI ,i mile Itack fioiii the point, and n''"<'"""y increa.ses to over one tlioii.sand feet. It is .irii,Ml> wiMtded. It is here where the river has its narrowest regimen between the ba.saltic wall.- "' iln' canon like valley. Part of this width is occupied by low, mar.shy islets in part wooded, jh |mm havin;; such p'litle slopes that the shoreline can not be well delined. The main ch.iiii!. ! imi- close under the north shore; and a ch.iniiel carrying: less than six feet of water runs do-, iinln Cathlamet Point. The detailed description of the points and reaches of the >;reat Columbia Kiver will a further continniiice not beiii},' within the scope of the original plan of this woik Hrouj^hti in r inai le the lirst e.xaminatiion of the river from the i th to Point V;iii U h. II'. W licli ■IM'l, above the moiilli of the Willamette, he considered the l.iwer part, Irom Cape DisappoiiiiiiM ,i to two or three miles east of Cathlamet and Three Tree Point.s, an estuary to the mouth ol ih mi proper. Ilesays: " The two points of entrance into the river are formed by low, inaislM n.'l. the .sontliernniost seemed to be an i.sland ; and to the N W. of the most northern, a bianci. : h .i mutherly direct ion. which was Orchard's Kiver." This rivir is now named the Skiiniai|Uc.i i;.. k. and the low land opposite is Wcleh's Island and Tenasillihei Island. PAC'll-MC COAST I'lLOT. 4(jr> Tlir murse of the rifcr thence to the Vd.tcadex in not in the middle of tlio Cauon-liko valley, lull iiiiis t'ntni oiu' liiusaltic wall to the ./tUei, tlius crossing' and ivcrossin^. Wheio the river is ii,iri()\vi'.st the ilcptli of water is greatest ; wlicn^ it limadeiis out there is less depth of water, and II. .several idaces there are " liar.'" in it.>'. eonrsi- to Portland. IJy ai)|)i'o]iriations from Con;;ress ilic-^e ohstaeles to navi;;ation are removj'il as far as pratUiealile. All vesselsare now towed npand iliivMi the river, ami are in e.liar^e of Uaer Pilots. Very frei|iiently the fofjs and dense smoke of siiiiiiiier are serious impediments to navij,'ation and eanse some delays. H'lt upon the whole the • iMi' is siii^iilariy free from actual dan;;ers to navi<;atioii. The Ituoys (ninety-two in 188;")) and ii\cr lit;hl8 (twenty six in 188"!) are Iteinj; eonlimially elianj;ed whenever the river makes new iliaiiiiels for itself. I'ollowinf; the present main channel of the river from the entrance midway between Cape Uisajipdiiitmeiit and Point Adams, we have the lullowin;; ilistanees to important points: to Astoria, nine miles ; to Toiifiuc Point, twelve miles; totlie south |iart of Yellow I>lulls, seventeen ndles; 111 Pillar lioek, twenty and :* half miles; to dim Ciow I'oint, twenty-one anil a half miles; to Three ■flic Point, twenty-three and a half miles; to the town of Cathlamet, thirty -one and a quarter mile,-;; to Cape Horn, thirty-six and a (|uart«'r miles ; to .Mount CoHiii, lifty and two-thirds miles; III UainiiT, tiltythree and seven-eijihths miles; to the mouth of the Cowlit/., liftyfour andacpnirter miles; to Collin Koek, fifty ei^lit and one eighth miles ; to Kalama, sixty and a (piarter miles; to \ aiieoiivei', eij^lity eij^ht and a half miles; to Portland, ninety three and a half miles; and totlie Lower Cascade, one hundred and twenty-three and a half miles. AlUS TO NAVIOATION KOU AITUOACUINO AND ENTERINO THE COLUMBIA BIVEU. les.s Ih.iii li:,|| ;| Tillamook Hock Li^hthonseund Fo};-si}^nal, Point Adams Lij^ht-hoiise, ami Ca]>e Disappoint- ment Litilit-iiousc have already been described. P.esides these permanent ai'ls to navigation, there are the usual buoys to mark the dilferent channels. The ;ipproiU'hes, the c'nannel or ehannels across the bar of the river, the channels up the river to thirty-seven miles abt ve the mouth of the Willamette, and the channel of the Willamette to Portland, are all tl' ■ uf^hly buoyed. It is use- less to describe all these buoys in detail because they are C()ntinuall;> beiu};' changed to conform to the changes in the channels. The list of all these buoys, as well as the ranjie or stak(> lights in the river, is published on the 1st of October of every year by the Linlitllouse P>oard, and a copy ot' the list is .sent free to any .slii|) niaster upon apjilication to the otlice of llit^ I.inhtllouse Hoard at Washington, 1). C., or to the Inspector of the Thirteenth Ia;;ht-house District at Portland, Oregon. In Pebiuary and October, 1888, notice was -liveii not only of the change of buoys, but that there was a depth of sixteen to eighteen feet of water over the Middle Sands, which channel should not lie attempted by strangers, The constant shitting of tin; ehannels ami positions of the buoys clearly indicate that every sci son brings such changes that the publication thereof in any form is <:f little practical use to llie navigator, and may be of absolute danger. (.May. 188!!,) The buoys marking the entrance as far as Astoria only are eiuimerafed, and their character- istics descriltcd, in tlie order in wliich they are ])asscd by vessels coming from seaward; and the iiearings for locating the Whistling Ibioy only are given. Tlii' buoys are placed so close together that in clear weather one or more can be seen at the same time ; and this enumeration of them in .Miccession will indicate to a shii)-master the character of the buoy he is next to look for after passing each. The Ot(t.si fif :% }•' H iiii,. ; r I fj. ? f- %{' f :\}.':: .tv i' .1 4(iG rAcii'if I'oAsr I'lMtT. iSV(( TJkki/. — Tliis is tlu" lii'xt luio.v lor tlic Soiilli I'liiiimcl ; it is i\ Jirsl rliiss ivii liii«u. i„i,„u.i with bhtik- :ind irhilr prrpritdiriiliir strijKs. ami iilari'd jii twelve niid a half fallioiiis tif.y.ii. i ,,l„,i|- one and tuic tij;litli miles lutrtli three (|iiarters west (N. ,' W.) I'lom the Whistling; limn, ji i,,,, bo passed «ni either side. I-'alrirati llxi';/. — This is a tirxl rliiss nun hittiii, jKiiiitnl iritli hlai I; ami ir'itr jn fiicinlii KLitslrim ami plaeed in si\ and a half lallnnns nC water untside and close to the liar, ll lies alinm ti,,,., quarters of a mile north three (juarters west (N. ■/ W.) Irom the Sea JJmi.v, and mav l>. |i.ixm;i1ihi either side Imt eloseto. The sea doi's not break at this liuov in ;rood weather. /.'((»• /.'((((I/. — This is a firstihtss nun huin/, iniintcil icilh lilaci; niiti trltilv inriiftidicHliir sti hi, >, ;ii||i lilaeed on the bar in four ami one third fathoms of wat»'r at tlu' best point of erossiny;, li lio a: present ilsS(i) aiioiit sevi-n fi;ihths of a mile north li,v west om- ei^'htli wtst (N. liv W . \\ . , U-«n the I'"airway !'>uov. It should he jiassed close toon either side. MiililKUincI Uniiy. — This is n first class tiinhuoi/, ixiinliil irilli lilml. mul nliili /n ijn iiili.iilni «/ri^><'«, and placed inside the War in aliont live fatiumis of walei'. It lies at preseni ( issiij ahim' one mile nniih se\en-ei.i;htlis west (X. : \V.) from the liar llnoy. It sliould l>e pa^Ncd cIdm Iimi.i either hand. Chitso]) Spit Hnoii.—Th\s is the next huo.v in the South channel, ll is a.//i,s7 ( /((>> niiitl,ih,ii. puintcil ;■<■(/ and nunilitrnl *J,and placed in lour latiiomsof walciiu'ar llie western ed;;c of ('I.iImij, 8pit. It siiould lie lelt a iea>oiialile distance on the >tailioaid hand. lull lUtinj. — Tlii> liuov lies on the ]iort side of the channel alioul a (jnartci- of a miiIc in iIh' .soutliwanl of the remains of the wreck ol' the steam ship (liml It'iiiulilit. It is a liliul, Ixllhnu,,, ruiifr by tlie molnm of the sea, and lies ime and tliree-<|i':irters •-.iies .--uulh l\\ I'ast thicei|n,iilii- east from the Caiie l>i>appointnieiit lii;:lit hon.->e. It is placed in li\'e lathoms of water al i>i in n tin- turn in the channel under iSaml Island, ami shinild lie left on the port hand in entciin^ In NCI'S strong; ebb eurients in mo(U'rate weather the sea is too smooth heic to can^e iln luli to sound. Cintsiip Spit /.'idi//.— '"'his IS Ilic next buoy to mark the channel, and the second in in iil, i!h ( lalsop .'^pii. 1 1 is a liist ilitss nun nmj, pitintnl ml and iiiiiiilit ri il 1 , and is placed in rnni l.iiiHiin- of water near I lie iini liiw olcrii point of the spit. 1 1 should be lefl a reasonable dislaiicc oii iin slarboaid hand in entcrin;;. ll lies about one and three ei;;iitlis inili's iiorlhcasl i N H. i limn tlir Ued Mnoy No. L'. SfUi'l [sliiiiil Itiaciin. — This is a trian^'iilar beacon pdintvd irliitr, about lifi\ led lnjli iiil sniinounted with a lla;; stall'. It is located on the eastern part of Sand Island, on the pon miI-hi the channel. There are some small houses a ([Uaiter of a mile I the northeastward ol il. C'Inlsop S])it lliiiiii. — This is the third ami last buoy marking: Clatsop S|iii and lies .iImhi: ,<\., mile east tlireeipiarleis north (ll. ,'N.) Irom the preceding; icil bnoy No. I, andmail> wii-i Sand Island llcacon. It ]s .i tirsi rluss mm Iihoi/, paintnl ml and ninnlit n d (t. ll lies m ^;v vn\ a half fathoms of w alcr niMhe ed;;e of the spit ami must be left on the si a i board hand iii cni, ni;. After passin;: this biio.v the ilistam-e lo the next liiiov , on the port side of the cliannel, :• iwn and oneei-hth miles. A ;r 1 ran;;e for runni'i;; this part of the ri\er is to keep tin aliiiii>l perpendicular face of the soinheast part of ("ape Kisappointmcnl under the la^lil I se. c.i >' itl the slopiiif,' base of McKeii/ie"s Head: this will clear the lower end of the ."Middle ;;ioiiihl i' lli' ri\t'r. The course of this ian;;e is east liy soiilh thieeipiarlcrs south \V.. by S. ,' S.). I.iiiiir I'nil III' Miiliili tiniunil /.'h<<(/.— This is a Jirst ihiss can linmi, piiiiittil liliul; and nmiil-' n'i 5. ll IS placed in thiee and a <|uarter fathoms of water at the western end of the Middli li i'hI ill the river and directly abreast Fort Stevi'iis: and siiould be left on the port hand in en' ! n. ('.ire should le taken not to approaeh too elose to this and the follow in;; liiio.\s mailwi- tin- Nimthern eil:.:e of the Midille ;;roiind as it is \ ly alirnpl and partially bare al low walci. Fort Stinns Wlinri' Stub l.i<,lil.—'\'h\s is a white stake with a box on top for a i ivcr l.intiiii from which a irhiti li;ihl is shown al ni;,'lil. It is located on the end of the wharf buiii oiii a':' i>' of Fort Stevens, on ilie starboard side ot the ehannel. The samis ha\e formed as far out a ■ ili:- liglitstake. South Siil^ ll/ Miilillr (hiiunil /.'»"//.— This is the second buoy marking' the Middle ;,'roiiii>l umI lies about two ami a ipiaitei miles east by south half south (1'.. Ii.\ S, \ S.) from the prc.i'im.^ buoy No. ."». ll Is a Jirst iliiss simr Itnuii, pnintnl hliivk and numberni 7, phieed in three fall "I I'AfiriC COAST l'll,OT. 4(i7 •nil I.) III. Ill, |1„. HI Inlll- l,lll,olli~ • listjIliM ,■:, ,i . (Nl;. II tl,r ' (•••■I III J, .Ihil Nil' |iiii I ^\i\- III wiitfi, ami shoiilil lie left on tlii' port liaml. Tin- Nimils run dry iit low water (Ifty yards to the ii.iilliwaril (tC litis liiioy. SiHitli Siilc of Miilillr (h-oiniil Jliioij.— Thi'i m-xt bnoy, the third buoy uiarkin;,' the Middle ^tiiiiind, lies about one and a iiall' miles east one (|iiar er north (K. ', N.) Ironi the iireee, plaeed in three and a half i.illioiiis of water, and shotdd b(> lefl on the |iort hand. Smilh'H Point Stdlr I. i(ilit.— This is a white stake and box, from wliieli a red liijlit is shown at I ii;;lil ; it is plaeed on the end of the .Seaside Cannerv wharf, half a mile below, or to the westward .if Astoiiii, I. II the starboard siih' of tlie ehanpt 1. This li;;ht bears north eighty-four de;;rees east N. St K.) four and one tpnirtei' miles from I'ort Stevens Htakel,ij;ht. ,Soiillt Side of MitliUe (Inmnd /.'/«'i/.— The foiiith biiuy to mark the Middle ground lies about line ami live ei-jhths miles northeast by east liveei},'litlis east (NE. by K. : VI.) from the pn eedinfj 111. II K bnoy No. '.). It is ajirslcldss Kjxtr himil, jKiiittnl hlitdiun] inimhirid ] 1, jilaeed in three and a lialf fatliiims of water on the port side of the channel abreast the western [lart of Astoria. Sdiilli Si(h of Middle (Iround /iHci/.— The next buoy to nnirk the edfje of the shoal lies only aliiini li\eeii;litlis of a mile from the preeediiij; blaek buoy No. II. It is n Jirstehms .simrhiioi/, iniiiiltd Itliiil; and iinmlieytd \ ;;, plaeed in twenty two feet of water on the port side oi' the ehaunel ilireetl,\ oppiisite .\storia. Vessels shonld anchor in mid-channel between the two last buoys, Nos. 11 and 13. ir/((7, lliioy. — In November, l.s.ss, the wicck of the iSiirie de (Irttre above Astoria was nnirked by a red spar liKi'ii. The (irst-elass nnnbnoy niimbcicil I hail been <'arried away by the iee. There is at present (1S8(>) no di e|i North Cliaiiiiel. When this channel is ojien it is marked li.\ a first class nun-buoy, painted with b'ack and white perpendicular stri[ies, and plaeed Just out- ile the bar at the St pi: U'i'ol ero.ssniL Thence the channel is nsuallv marked bv two or more black buoys to deline the Peacock .Spjt, and which are to be left on the poll liand in entering, .Mter passing these the red buoys marking the Clatsop Spit are seen and followed. Vessels bound to (.'enientville. on the north side of the ii\er, U'avc the Astoria (thannel when past P.noy No. (i (red), marking Clatsoii Spit, ami steer lorChinook Point; then follow close to llu5 iiurlh bank of the river to ('enientville. There was formerly a decj) channel into I'aker's P.ay running to the westward of Sainl Island, anil iietween it and Cape Disappoin'iment. but it is now closed and the buoys removed. The i)res- ii channel to i'.aker' P. IV inns to the eastward and northwaid of Sand Island, and carries but ii;;ht feet of water. It is marked by s[>ar-buoys. but it is so narrow and iut;ieate that u pilot is liecileil. lies .llii'li; nlif ni al l\ ,l'i|i ;|M lies III --iv .iiiil 'III III eiili I III. ■ii;iniiel, :• iHii !'ep the ,i|iiiii>| Hlllsc, III! M illi gliillllil ill llir BAILINli IJIUE(!TI(1NS FOR THE ENTKANC'E TO THE COHMniA RIVEU. It may be taken as a general rule that at least tweidy feet of water eaii be carried over the liar of the Columbia Piver; yet theie have been seasons when but little more than eighteen fett. Iiave been available, and at other times fully twenty four feet have prevailed. Sometimes there is liiit one bar ami channel, and itt other times two. The South Channel at one time lay parallel and close to the beach south of Point Adams, making it hazanlous for sailing vessels to enter with the usual sunimt'r inirthwest winds. Tin' North Chainiel sometimes is the better (channel, .Hid as it generally opens to the westward, the passage through it has been eomparatively easy tor ■•.iibng vessels. i\s a ride of the last twenty yeais the South Channel is the deeper and more peimaneid ehaniu'l. At present the entrance to the river is in a transition state; lhe(}overninent laiginecrsare constructing a Jetty from Iheextremity of Point Adams along the line of the Clatsop Spit, hoping thereby to hold the point and direct the wateis of the river so as to form but one lice]) channel. Under these changingeouditions it is unwise to give any sailing directions; before they could lie published it is more than probable that a change in the deitth of water or position of the bar "iiiild lake place. The soundest advice we <'an give, therefore, is irlitii tip icitit tlie Inir irait for ii pilot. The establishment of a eompicte pilot system, with steam-tugs ami one pilot .sehocmer cruising outside the entrance, rentiers it almost reckless for a stranger to enter the river, even by aid t)f the buoys, excejit in tlie greatest emergency. The steamers running regidarly to the Columbia River always carry their bar-pilots on the vessel. Wei shall eonline «tnrselves to a few direetiiuis or advice to .strangers how to tiud the entrance and to jtlace themselves within reach of the assistance of the pilots. ■ ' 1 ■■'! U. [''''f, .i t 4 4G8 I'ACII'IC COAST I'lUOT. Ill ^'lIIllIlu'I•, witli wiiulK pivvuiliiiK IVoiii tlif iiortlnvt-st ami \v»'sl-i!t>rtli\v»'8t, snilin- slionlil work in towards llii' i-oast in tlio lalitiiih' of Capi' Disappoiiitincnt, aiul not fall Im of it; but ill winti-r tlu-y sliould strivo not to (all to tin- iiortliwanl of it, ln-tMiist' Iji I'll III W'»cU '■!■«, II. i I' lUC vailiiif; wind is tin- .slorin.v sonllicasti'i with a lii-avy swell from tlic soiitiiwcst. .Moi slioiiltl tinil llii'iiisi'lvfs to tilt- nortliwaitl of tiii' ('ape, tliciv is a littoral ciiiTcnt iiiomh: i,, iiorlliwanl aloiii; tlicslioiv; we liavc not, liowrvti, siillicii-nt data to tk'lini' tlif Incadii ciirri'nt or its voloi-ity under varjiii;,' eondiiions of wealiier. Wlieii the Iai;;e soiitiiwest swi'll of the winter frali-s is rolling liroad upon the liar ami rlMiuM t'ONi I It III -r till its eliaraeter is ehanyed fi.r the. worst' l)v the sin in^elili w hieh earries so "'real a voluinr tlireetly afjainst it to trip it. The swell liecoines shorter and sharper. freipieiitl.N Ipieal a vessel's deck and ernsliiiiL;- eveiythinj,' it strikes. This loeai eondil 'I Wiiln MM',' llliiil; ion reaeliesat ii'ast .i> i; U Mill as the twenty I'athoin deptlis. When the liar is lireakin;j heavily at tlie.se liine.s, and it i- iiii|„,vM hie to cross it, vessels that are compelled to lie to have a very ronj;h time to llie MMilnViuo. I'lider these clri'iimstaiiecs it is ad\ isahle to run a few miles to the north noithwi'si, as In a> ||„ latitude of the North Head of C.ipe Disappointnieiit, where the inliiieiice of llie current i^ li.n 11, sippreeialile, and lie to in froin lifteen to twenty fallitMiis of water. The U.S. IJeveiiin mi' ,.| Conrin has laid to and soineiiines anchored in this situation. Ill clear weather llie laiidtalis we have aliead.\ deseiilied are very marked. Caiie I>i- !|piiiiii:i moid, SearlHir-.)U};li Hill, Saddle .Mountain, and Tillaiiiook Head are unmistakalile landlll.ul,^. ^m,! d lii'.ni' |ii> vessel to in the vicinity of the Whistling; r>iio.\. takiiij; can' to note the drift of his vessel li\ ti„. III!' Ill' ;||f when these are .seen, even a straii;iei- can staml tioldly in towards the eiitrai ranj,'es which Toii^iiie I'oint, Coxcomli Hill, or Saddle Mountain oiler with tho low shore smith of Point .Vdains. If the iiavi;;ator is acipiaiiited with the liiioys and llicii i^inci.ii order, and the pilot should not he at hand, he may in t'ldinary weather venture over iIm' hii In following; the Itiioys, which are properly iiiiiiiliercd and cohued. Itiit if he is not acipiainiiil »ii|i the I lar, the chin iiel. iiid the cm ii-iits, iniil oiilsiili for ii iiilal. When the weather is fo.i;;ry, smoky, or iiiiiiky the approach to the liar is a inaller of -n it r.ni and jud;.Miiciii : iinrm innately the eh a racier of the en dance has aci|iiired such :: very had ri'|iiilaliiiii that many iia\ i.i^alors are afraid to ai>proacli it. and some excn keep out far heyond tlic i'iiii>uiiii ,i de(^iiled eliaii;;e id° direction as they pass t4> tln^ southward of the Cape. Abreast of ('a|M- |i;vi|. poiiitmeiit the fortyl'atlium curve is eij^ht miles otV the North Mead; oil' beadbetter I'oiiii. ;.uiil.\ miles to the imilliw ard, it is probably ele\eii miles oil' shore, and the ;relieral direction of I In- iiui' is nortlMiorthwest and soiilli soiitheasl. OlV Point Adams the forty lathoin ciirv c lie- ,i' i ili^ tance of nine miles from shore, but this slioi'c is nearly sis miles to the eastward of tin Ni'iili Head, so that between the tw(» positions the forlyt'atlioiii line riiiis in a soiilheasi by cj^i .iml northwcs t b ■ to within a depth of twenty lathoms of water, when she will be from li\(' to six miles oil .-1 lo the northwaid of the Cape, and fi 'oiii a bout three and a half to li\e miles olf if tn tin anl of Point .Vdaiiis. To ascertain her position, whether north or south of the ciiliam sho'lil steer south southeast (SSH.) and conlinne soiindinjr fiei|iieiilly ; if she ( tiiim- sanie depth of water, and is to the northward of the Cape, she will lie-in to deepen In i when Cape l>i.sappoiiitiiieiit Li;;lillioiise bears noilheasi ( N1',.). distant live and a half mili will run into thirtv fathoms and over in li\e miles IVom that point. In other words, win ilii' I'Ani'ic coAsr ni.oT. Ar,\) l.iylit liMiisi' liciirs norllicnst. distiiiit livi- :inil :i liiill' niilcM, (lie line of twtMity fatliniiis turns to tlic^ .(iiilluMsi 1>.\ ciiMi iiiiil (■(iiitiiiiics on tliiit course ten anil a liali' iiiilfs, wlicii I'oijit Ailaiiis Li^lit- lioiisc licais iioi'lli, illstiiiit .six inilfs, and llic luai'csl lioacli is linir mill's nil'. 'Hw only <;asc of iiiH'i'iliiiiit.v will Ito ir the vcssi'l slioiilil lii- iiiiii' oi' (en miles to the soiilliwanl of llie liar in twenty I. Ill i-i "I \v:i!ir; then a soulli Noiitlieast ronise would lake lier almost stiai^ilit to Tillamook KiicU. ami the sound of the steam loiisiren would i;i\e her a eertaiii poiid of depart uru for llii' !>ar. Slioidd the wind he IVoni tin' soiithwanl so that the M'ssel can not run on a soiitli-sontlieast fdiirse. and Ilie 'I'illamonk fo;;- si^jnai is not heard, slu- may run in the opposite direction (nortli- iioilhwest) ami conliiMie sounding' as lielme. It' she maiiitain.s the same depth tor t wo or tiireo mills she is to the northward of the Cape and should stand olf shore and try a;;ain farther to the Miulhwaid; if she is to the snuthward ol I'oiid Adams she will liej^in to shoal her water when >i\ or si'\ en miles sunt II lioiii I'oinl Adams l.injit imiise. The iliieetions are yiM'ii upon the Mipposiiimi that the vessel is not farther nortli than Lead- ImIIci I'oilit, iiiU' as far smilh as Tillainook lim K l.i^lil house. It the weather sheiilil li;;lit up a little so that }:liiiip>es of the land are <'anj,'ht under the fo^, till' iiavi^'ator must lie on liis;;iiard and not inlslake the low lieach and laud south of Point Adams Im that of the " weather lieach " liet ween Cape I )isappiiinlmeut and Lcadl letter I'oint ; but even HI such a case the use of the lead as su;;y;csted \^ III lie a good glide. Heveral ves.sels have been lost by mistaking the nnriliciii lie.icli fur the sniillicrii. Sleamcis fiiuii the s.iiilliwaid in thick wcathci make the Tillamook Rock fog-siren, uiul tlienco sieci a ciiiirse for the Whisiliiiu IJiiny. The larger steamers carry a bar pilot and outer by the l>c;irings of the b.inys maikiiigllie li.ii and channel fioiii the Whistling riiioy. Steamers from ll:i> mirlhward can fiillnw the twenty fathom line until they fall in with the Whistling liiioy. The didiciilty of making the bar in stiiok.\ or foggy weather, and the absence of log-siguals ell the main shore, fiiicilil.\ suggest the necessity tor a liiglit ship olf the bar. I"\iriiierly there \M'H' fog signals at ruiiil Adams and Cape Disappoiiilmeiit, but they could not be heard outside llic bar 111! account of the great noise of the bieakeis which fretpieiilly encircle the whole bank. ciiANNi-.i, riiAMif.s III' riiK ciii.rMmA imvi'.k I'.NTnANCi;. The follow iug short rr'siime sliows the changeable character of the ehaniiols at the ontraneo to the Columbia I'iv(>r. In ITKL'oue liioad channel and no Sand Island by Uronghtou-X'aiicouver; ill ISi:'. nlicii the ibitish sloop of war lutrnxni arrived in the Columbia she found the shoals off the eiitrauce had cliaiiged considerably in extent and posiliou from the time of Hroughtoii. Ibiniiing ill on Mroughton's survey she struck heavily on the bar and received considerable dam age. In I.S.'i'J lielclier found two channels ; in IS) I the Tiiited States Exploring ICxpedition found one clianuel. In the V. S. Coast Siirxey exaiiiina.ious of IS.IO, isrii.'. ami IStiS, there were two clianiiels. Ill ISSlI tlie V. S. I'.ngii'eers found two channels; in ISS,". they Ibuiid one between the liiMils and three chauiiels attross the outer bank. In ISS.'i and ISSti 'hey found one ehaiinel. In the earlier surveys, and in 1^51 when we were at Cape Disappointment, the North (Chan- nel was the deeper, and was used li\ the deep draught vessels of the Fliidson T!ay Com|iany, Since Sand Island has been pushed towards I'.aker's I'.ay the North Channel, which used to pass on the north side of the Island, has been almost obliterated, and the deeper water is in the South ( 'liannel. TIIK TIIIES AT TIIF. MOUTH (It' TIIK f'dUMlMA RIVER. At .Astoria the Corrected llstalilishmcut. or iiiran interval between the tiim^ of the IMoon's liaiisil ami the lime of high water, is XII'' I.") . The mean rise :',:id fall <'f tides is six and luoleiiihs I'ecf ; of spring tides, seven and sixtenths feet; and of pcap-lidos, four and «'ight-tcidlis Icct. The mean duration of the risi' is (I' 01 ; of the fall, (!'' L'l ; and of the stand, (>'' .'{;!'". The average dilference between the corrected cstablishihcnts of the a. ni. ami p. m. tides ol' the same day is 1" (rj ' /or high water, and 0'' Trj ■ for low water; the ditVereuces when the iMoon's deelina- liiiu IS greatest are 1'' .'IS and 1'' \'i" resjiectivelx . The average ditleren'e in height of those two tides is one ami four tenths feet for the high waters, and two and three-tenths feet for the low- waters. 'A'heu the Moon's declination is great<'st tlios(> diiferenees are one and nine-tenths feet .iiid three and seven tenths feet respectively. The average dilference of the higher 'dgh and lower low waters of the same day is seven and :iiiie tenths (eel, and when the iMocni's detdination «< i .<;r :\A: y \ ' ■-I 'I 1^ I! ■ 170 PACIFIC C(»Asr I'll.OT. is frivatt'st .'i};!!! iiml nine tt'iitlis foot. Tlii> lii;:Ii»'r liiy;li tiilt> in llir tw.'nf.v (our I rso,, „ ..ii,,,,,, !•-"' II afl.T tlic Moon's npiMT tniiisit (soutiiiii'.') \vli.«ii tlic Moon's il(><-liiiiitioii is nortli. ,ii, I !,|„„|, 0" l.V' lu'lori'. wluMi soiitli. Tlif lower of thi> low waters ocnirs iilioiit seven iiml .\ liiill' I1..111 ;,||,| the lii^lioi lii-Ii water. Tiu- (jreafeHt (.hserved .lilVeien.-e I.etween tlie two low wniers m '■ ,\\^ was live ami one teiitli feet, and tlie {ireatest ililVerenee hetween tlie lii«lier lii-li and 1.. w 1 |„„ waters of one day was ele\ en and one half feet. 'I'lie two tides of tlie same day are (generally nnei|nal in inoportion to tlie Moon's d. cliiiiii,,,! The time and lieif;lit can he ohtained a|i|iro\iimitely from the followiii;; tahle: IM;l.. tinn. MiMiii •* Sttiithtti^, Ihuh W.il.r ' !...« W.iti' M""ii 4 N..rili, llicli W.il. I I,, iiulii liiti-n.il, 11,1^1,1 i,irin.,i, ll,.i-i,i li.Mn.il II. I, I jUnutcHl Nmlli I'J 111 ra|M' Oi.s.ipiMiiiiitiii'iit '/.1 10 II t:i itlriiili'Kt Si. mil 11 1> |(i.i':il. iit Xiillli 1.' 1(1 FhvI Sli'vriH j/.Tii \'' tilt '(in all »| Siiiitl, i:: :iii |(lriiilf»l N'ltiiti 12 (!.'■ I A^li.n,^ jZiro. . r.' <:) ' |(;t'iiiii'>i siMiiii 1:1 -u I it /, til y,.i In. f..». /, .M !■■■ . 1 7 !• I'.t 1:1 0.7 l;i IH 11, 1 1- ,12 • .' '1 7 - 17 m Ml 8 11 r.t 7.2 17 ,M1 . ii - ft. 1 IK :i-j |2.U 12 III 7 '.I 111 1:1 „ r fi tl 111 2« —11. 1 1:1 :ii) !'• 2 in ;o • 2 !■ 7 tl IH IM -t It. 11 r.' m< 7 ('. IN IH t" f. (12 ]S nil |2 fi 12 lit 1. 11 111 21 II 1 «. :i lU 41 -0 1 1 ; 21 It, 7 IH :;ti 7. 7 lu t.'l to C 12 4:; 7,7 1!) 1:1 • 11 - 9.7 IK 3a + 2.» 12 ai 8.,1 m 41 -II 1 Tlie '• iiiteival" ^'iven ahove is to lie added to the time of the Moon's transit for any rr.|iiiivil day to '^'wr the tinn of hi^di or low water for that day. The time of the Moon's soul hint;, m ii|t|iir meridian transit, is j;i\eii in the Naiilical Almaiiae and in the 'i'ide Tallies for the I'aeilic Cn.oi: and the tiiiii' of its nortliiiii:. or lower transit, is tin- middle Iietween two ii|i|irr triiii>iN Tin heij:lits are _;\cn in li'it and tenths and show the 1 ise above the level of the averam of i|m lnwn low waters, winch i.s the plane of n'fereiiee to which the soiindin;;s on the chart lia'.e nil Imn ictlllced. iSprinn-tides. — \\ the full ami ehan^je of the Moon the lii;;h waters will lie ei;;lil Iriilhs nC :i foot lii;;her than the talmlated li^iires at eaiTi of the three stations; and the low waters mir li;ili of a fool lower. XiitlilliUs. — At the Moon's first ami last ipiarters the hi),'h waters will he eij;ht tenth-' ul ,1 foot lower than the talmlated lit^ures at each of the tlirt>e stations : and the low waters will iini fall so low liy one-half of u foot. The general e\|)eiieiiee at the liars of the North and South Cliaiimd.s is that the tiili m iki^ nearly lilly iiiiniitcs earlier than at Astoria. The I'aeilic Tide Talile of the [' . S. Coast and (ieodetie Survey is published aiimia!l>. Ii jrivestlie time and lieit;lit ofe\ery tide tliriiii;,diout the year. When the selt'reyisteiiii;,' tide yau;;f of th«' L'. S. Coast and (Ieodetie Survey was In npmi tioii at Astoria for more than twenty years, it was eonstautly (■onsiilteil by the pilots ami -Imji captains to learn tiie cundiiion of the bar. bei^iiise by its peculiarity of registration the trii< til 'iin' exhibited the smoothness or rouj;hness of the bar. Since the tliscontiniiance nf this _Mii;;f another, owned liy private individuals, has been established for the purpose of inilKMliii;: tin eonditiiin of the bar. The Columbia liivcr was ealh'd the "Ore^'on," Iroin the mere mention of that name. li.\ 1 hmi. in 17(i Cape Disappointineiit ) In I7!t2 it was named Columbia's Kiver by Cray, whoconimanded the American ship ('oliunhui. In the same year r»rou;;liton, who made the survey r I'll.oT. 471 "•"•'■■>< "I '(l;! ..... « .1. r rv .1 II. 1 I rii. 1 hWl. la 1 ) ■-' :i .'.i: ;<> ^ ^lll lillti;s ,,f;, 'VMlcl'.; dlH- hall ;lif ii'iiili-, (.1 ,1 kvatcr.s will iii.i III' liclc III llvrs iiriiiiiall,\. ir was ill iipcia lot.s ami ship lie trar.'.l i|'i.- I'f this ..':il,_'r inliraliii- Ih. U', liy ( JIM':. "as a -I. J ii 'Ijilni.j.i.l.. r I'litc-rn! If : I .• I.alci ill KM- VaiicdiiMT rrCns tn ilir cJismMTv li\ (.'^liocatillirimi) ilillricntlv |ii'oiMiiim'<-.) Thr lUiuli Si, is as loll.'Ws: Sl.'.rlldN .'I'.II.S. Tlie eoiiipelisat ion alhiwe.l for |iilotin.^- a Vessel njioii or o\er lll(> War |)i1ot- ^loiiml is ; I'or |iilolinjf an inwaril "Pi mii w ;iii| ImhiiicI \ e»el to or froiu Astoria over the l>ar, or from \Mi Inn t he liar to the ojieii .sea. four ilull.ii s lor e.ieh I no! of ilran^dit of the \ essel, ami t wo eeiit.s .1 I 'Ml for eat'li ion over one I hoiisaml Inns le^isiereil t.iiiiia;:e: from in' within the liar and Itelow SamI Island, oiii' half of I lial i.ite; ami li mii m' ahovc Sand Island, one i|iiai ler of that rate. Sv,i\ .">'.' 1! I. The eom|Mii>.ii ion lor |piloliiiy a \ essel upon the ri\ei- pilot ^; round liel ween Astoria and I'oi thiiid, w liel iier uoini; up or eniiiiiii; dow ii the rix'er, is I wo ilollars lor eaeli fool of dian;;lil of llie xessi'l, and iwoeeiils Inreaeh toll ovei and ahove one thoiisaiid tiHis register, wliieli .sum sli.ill include sei \ ices of the pilot in lakiiii; the \cssel t" and from the dock to wliieli the vessel is distilled. Therioaidof I'ilotCominissioners is anthori/.eil to pi'eserihe a proportionate conipen- saiion lor pilot service hetweeti other points on said ^loiind. and for nioviii;: a ship in port from one doi'U III another, or t'rcnn one pail of a doek toaiiolhii part of the same dock : lh(>(-lnM<;e lliiielor ^liall Ite a sum iml evieeililiu live dollais, and the pilot shall, on lieili;; Iherennto re- .plesled li.\ the mailer of a ship, lie reipiired lo di> siieh woik, and for sneh eompelisatioii. ICxery i'i\ el' pilni apjiolnied and i|nalilied nmler the provisions of this act, is retjiiired I o render !i is services prompt In for the conipciisation provided li\ law in pilotiii;;' any vessel up or down the ('olniiiliia or Willamette IJIvers when iei|iiested liy the master of such \essel. If a river pilot shall speak a vessel as herein p.ovided, and I he services of smdi pilot or some of her liver pilot licensed under I his act, selected liy the master of sneh vessel, shall lie rejected li\ sncli master, the pilot lirst s|ieakin;r tin' f^nid vessel shall lie entitled tohalf pilotage, to lie recovi'i'od of said master or vessel. Si:c. .".!»LMI. The pilot who lirst speaks a vessel not e.xciiipt from wiinpnl.sory pilota;;e, as lii'oviiled liy seetioii ;>!tl7, or duly oilers his services thereto, as a jiilot, on or without the liarpilot- iiliid, is entitled to pilot such vessel over the sal The master inav decline to accept tlio services of any |iil(it, and may navi;;ate his vessel over said pilo!>rroiiinls without a pilot, liiit nevertheless he shall, if iinvard liound, jiay lo the pilot who lirst speaks his vessel oiiedialf of the amonni of iiilotai;!' to which said pilot would have liccn entitled if his ofl'er had lieen accepted and ilie services performed aeconliii;;ly, and if oiitvvard lioiiiul the master may contract with any liar pilot licensed under this act. A vessel is exempt from <'ompiilsiiry pilotairc and not reipiiied to pay a jiilot unless one is emplo.ved (1) when she is en^fajjred in the vvlialinu' or lisliiiii; trade; (-) when she is licen.sed and eiina;;('d e\e'nsiv'elv in the enastiii^ trade lietweeiiany port in ()rej;oii and any port of the Tnited States on llic I'acilie <"oast. Ship masters may r<'ject tlic services of river pilots without iiiciirrin;; coinpulsory pilotage. VESSEL.'^ IN I)IsrRl„>!)12 .says that " the pilot .schooner | darcfnor Mo noocHHary for tlic rt'Ih'f of vo88«>l8 in (liNtrcss. n .1 mi,1i |>ilotH must at all tinifH »>xt»Mi(l aid to all vcnhi-Is in NlmsH of wcatluT or iiM-asc (.tM;..,s|,.i • • • I'roruUiU Tlint tliiH Nwlion Nliall not ufli'ct u»y claim for Halvani .insin^' out of Hcrvii'tiH involving; extraordinary danger or rink." WASHINCJTON I'lLOTS FOB THK COM'MniA KIVEB. TliKoxistinji pilotajjo laws of tlio Territory of WaHliinRton authorize tho following niinpcusa tioii for pilotinc vessflM iM'twt'tii the s(>a and Antoria : lvi;rlit dollars per loot lor the llrst twelve feet of draught, and ten dollars per foot loi i;i,|, additional loot or lYaetion thereof; and lorpilotinn a vessel on the t'oliue >ialiiver hetwo n a-Imhh and rortland, lour dollars per loot drau;;ht. The W iishin;;t(Mi law I'urther provides for eompulsory half pilotaj^e. A pilot holdin;; ;i lii.iiicli from the \Va^hiM);toii Pilot Coinniissioners, upon speakinj; a vessel, can demand halt |iiImi,i;;i. at the ahove rates even if his services l>e not aeeepteil. This law may be amended w hen WashiuKton Territory bocomeH a Statu in 1889. ril.OTACJB AND TOWAOK COMniNBI>. The Oregon Uailway and Navipition Cnmpany h:u< announced the following rates for pj|iit;i<.'i and towage of vessels Ironi the sea to Portland and return, and ;;uaranties that the saiiir >li;ill not he increased for a juriod of two years from May 21, 1881), the date u])oii which the law Ik. imc efi'ective: Vi'iwrh not oxci'cdiiiK ^^iHi toiiH ro);iHt<(l(» tons to ',',100 tons (UIO Over •J.loti spocinl. I'hc of fii);^ hawsers (I'lirti wiiy) 'JO LidlitiTani' mioii >;raiii and ils prodnils from I'ortlniiil to ARtorin, TiO cimiIh |M>rtoiiof 'J,(KHI ])oiiii<1h. I,i;;litiTUL''' n|inii other rrei);hl i^l |>er ton. \vei):ht or nieasnrenient ill o|itioii of tlie ei>iii|iiiiiy. Moving; it veHsel in poil. fl" (The aliove rates are ohiiiiiiahle only npo. 'he express eondition that vessels are |i>\mm| li\ the vugs ami tow Itoats owned l»y that company, and jiiloted by pilots in its emi)loy.) 'So Ion;; as this law ami this schedule are in o|)eratioii a vessel has less cxihmiso Ii\ iIm employment of the company's boats and pilots. SHOALWATER BAY. The PeninHiihi.—Tho bold clilVs of ("ape Disapjiointment, after extending two and a lialT mill • to the northwest, ('liano*' suddenly to a low, broad, sandy beach running in an almost. stiai;,'lii hue north twenty three and a half dcfrrees west (N. '!3i° W.) for nineteen and a half miles to I lie >oiiih erii point of the ('ntrance to Slioalwater I{a.\ The recession from the straight line is baiclv hall :i mile to the eastward. This beach is known as the " Weather Heach," and is the ocean I'loiu ..i iln Peninsula, which i.s the western shore of Shoalwater Hay, and which has an average wi, I ih ni oiu> and a half miles to Leadbetter Point. The peninsula is a long, low, Hat, and sandy strip, elevated but a few feet alnjve the decin; It is marked by long, sandy ridges re^iching a little over twenty foet elevation, and lying iiai.ilM with Ihe (K'can shoreline. In the long depressions l»etween these sand ridges are many iMile> ol narrow marshes and lagoons. This peninsula is covered, as is tho entire surface of Ihe timnin. with a dense growth of gigantic forest trees, principally spruce, lir, and cedar, with a few .s|ieei mens of maple, ash, and black abler. The spruce frequently attains a diameter of eiglii hei. .Inst inside the ocean iM-ach there is a narrow Imrder of sandy soil in ridges rem-hing over tw, iii\ feet high, covered with (ioarse grass, and suddenly changing to tl e dense forest. About four ami a half miles lunthward from the Cape there is a series of marshy places aeios> the p«'ninsula where lires have destroyed the forest so as to leave gaps of scattering trees. riii> break in the forest line is a notable feature. There is another hut very slight break larl In r h the northward. With these excej)tion8 the peninsula carries its forest well to the nortlirm . \ tremity. Under this dark line of trees the white sand of tlio broad beach is very distiin t nil bright. About half way along the peninsula low sand dunes form in front of the forest, in a .lanvw lintrcss. .iimI ^|||,|| CllSf of •iN.istrl . jr Hiilva^,'!' .iii.siii,. lowilip <'|lp|i;l lidlilill;: ;i In.iiicli mill liall |m|u|,|m,, 88(1. riitos for |iiliii,ni' tt tllK saiiir >|i:i|| ll tllC law lici;|||i(. ... H''ii . . . r.(H) ... r>:.o ... iVW 8|>ooial. ... I'd inuiiilN. I.i-litiTiiu'i' »«'l ill poll, j|i' n'ls arc town] bv lo.v.) 9 eXIH'IlSC li\ Ilir i and a lialf mill > nost Ntrai^'lit lim ileH to till' Miiitli »' is l>ai'c'l> ]i.\\\':\ HM'aii rnmi ii| ihr averap' widili oi ,l)OV»! tin' 111 t;ili: ,11(1 lyinp |i:n.illrl rv. iiiaiiy Miilr> of wot' the cimiit:). •ith a few ,v]M(i ter of ('i;,'lit Irri. liiijj; over lui my «liy places iiiiiiss riiij; trees. I'ln- break farllnr In the northern i\ ■ery distimt :imi1 jst, in a iiain w ' ^' Ai, l'ai>.- Mitmlwiitrr I.i^ln Im.iim'. i; | ,«. , :,; imi,.,, «;.H- IVint. Wreck. Lruillixtti'l I'lillK. (wiHxInl I irl HK. } K., 11imil,.H. *•*»., >Iawk« I'liiiii. jxi'XSli*!^:^'''-' -:^Jt^^i^^:^iL:m^.::.':^..m ,«WI1>».,, t WI > ,» J>^ W iirftH>* y* »*;^-.«;, ;_-^- ^ > M jj»l ^ |lil g ( W > ^ W |ii O t lill H W m i W il«liii » . RniiKP I'oiiit tJocNM- IVinl. M„t,.r l.noy. Two viowR i.f Sli04l»iil. I lutLuin. wli.>ii oiitrr Imoy Imam NK. by K. i K, H iiiIIph. i^ailtittttt'r I'diiit («ii« E.,r.i milpg. ■ r-i'Tj. Point ManxoD. Cape Shonhvntrr Liftlitliiiimc, N. iij K, 8 miles. --l|.|jJiS,4-^-4.ilJ!! l LJA.,,,^i,iiJ^l jJLL ll.»M.liJS. . :<•«■*. , Wreck. K'ri' i \ . » « S 'A' i- iK\ t -. .^ „ .u,tf>»)tMiiii C'a|M' ShdulHiiiiT I. i;lil-h(iiiw. N. ll! \V., |.|> 1,1 ira. ('a|»" .Shoalwatcr I, i;!ii Iidcim'. N *•♦* •'t**j*'****» f*i.»ft-i, « A *J>»rt>#k-*»^';.". --Me *+ it^Mu.bi.'i^Mi^hi, *!!«?*« *tinf.- y(*fc*it|«r.#."'uMRam**.. ('a|M' sli Iv 1)\ N. - >>_^-^«l'»|.|Wl^t.'»A.K.<»«.i«.f«^i^^ »>iti.iiigk.4i«J,«t»-'' M:'i.,^^aflfc, CiijM' ShdulwHiiT I. 4lit-h<>u>.', l,.'ii(H.ctliT I'liiiit (wcKxlfd pint), N. i K., n milc». N. l;! \V., 11) Ml Ics. r- iiMuut4iu . 1 >?* i- mm Capi- .Shoalwater I. tlii li(iii-.c. N. ^ W., 9i niilen. I.lMlllitUtlT I'oilit ' Wnu,t,.|l i.arli V ;!K K., .|j mil.-, A»««*i»«w,i(.-'*«^j»m«M|"W*. .-•*,..«>.,» Capr Sli(>:ilHaliT l.ij;lii -liciMsi', r. l.\ N. i N,, I, „iilf«. Kuii^'c I'liiiit. / ^ >Pi'' i m ,|i; ^^ f;:| m- ;! i|i! ^i ■ ■ ■.-kin : iii 'S* !f H m:f \ li: m I : t;f ' if U:'i ■■!■] i: R:iiin.p ii 3|; !\ I'ACIIMC COAST )'II,()T. 473 Mni> at first hut Kiailiiiill.v iiK^rciisinfi in liroailtli until witliiii two and a liiilf niih's of the point Iflicrc tlicsc dunes rcaeli deaf across and tlic tit-cs ccasf on tlic bay sliorc. A little norlli ot'CajM" IHsappointinent iIhtc is a cluster of lionses Just hack from the heaeli ; and live or six miles taitlici- north there is aiuithei' cluster of houses. These are the only houses Tisihle from seaward alou},' the whole line of the peniiisida (I.s,S."(). Alouf; !lie seaward face of this peninsula the depth of water is ten fathoms, over lino Rray ■niid, at an averajjc distance of two and a half mill's from shoic. The twenty-fathom depth is at five to live and a half miles, over line ^^lay sand and mud, up to latitude It; '.'Id'. The linti of fttrty fathoms is eleven miles from shore, o\er daik jiiay saml and lirown mud. Liiiilhiitd' I'lnut. — The entrance to Shoalwater May is about two ami a half miles wide lK'tW4'cn low sand points on the ncuth and south sides. The southern side of the entrance is I.eadlietter I'oiut. which is the northern and hare extiiiiiity of the peninsula Just desciil)ed. It is a low ]point of sand dunes, unmarked by trees or bushes, and has coarse jiiass only in a few places. It curves inward towards the norlhea.st about . «ne and a (piarler miles from the fieiieral line of the weather beach. The northernmost part of 41ie point bears north niiu'tccn de},'rees west (X. HP \V.), distant twenty-one miles t'roin the North Bead of Cape I)isai»pointiinMit. It lias no distinctive mark to indicate its position nearer than the northern extremity of the tiees on the bay sluu-e of tin' peninsula, two and om'-lliird miles from the entrance to the hay. This limit of the trees is a little over a mile inside of the outer beach, and in latitude MP .'J(iJ'. It bears south thiity three de;;iees east (S. ,';;; ' !■;.) distant six ami three-;h water by that much. It was then reported i^o be t'ormeil of loose sand which drifts and chan;:es with e\cry wind. :V The approximate jieof^raphical position of the extremity of the jioint, as it existed in 187(5, was: fl.iitiliidi' Id :!- :1T ■ iKirtli. „ LiiiiHiliiili' l','l 11:!' IHI west. % f)^ This jxiint was called liow I'oint by .Meares in July, 17SS. It was named Leadbetter Point by •^llie U. S. Coast Survey in 1S.">l', and has retained this name. The hulian mime of the peninsuhi 'is Tee ehoots. CAI'K .SH(IAI,\VAT1'.I{. ■'Y This is the northern point of the eniiance to Shoalwater I>ay. Ft is a low ])oint, covered in ]iail uilh liccs, but consists of liare sand south n the hi;rher part of the point are visible, and the trees on l.eadbetter I'oint .^t are a little better .seen. Cajie Shoalwater is the westernmost land visible, but its inner part ami ; Leadbetter Point are projected on a low line of distant hills. When the Cape bears north by west, distant litteen miles, it is iirojected on the high land ^he.\ond which fades out as a low point a little westward of the Ca|ie. W hen the Cape bears east by soulli. distant live or six miles, it shows as a low point with a rhite sandy bea<'h line and a dark line ol' Inishes apjiareiitly from the l.luht house to \\w hijiher (forest line northwar^ 474 pAciiK" (OAsr I'li.oT. 8lio\vs as 11 nilluT loiijr, hiiiv, saiid.v point, sli-jlitly lii;;licr at its soiitli.-rii fxtiviiiiiy "h.:, ii,,. 1,1^'lit litmsi" is sitiiaii'il ; ami tliis |)iiiiit is pnijiTtrd on llir ilisiaiit iiinimtaiiis lo tl i-; , n.i ,,t SlioalwattT liav. .Inst to llic noiihwanl oC tin- liarc sainl ri(l;;c arc tlic trees on iIm' I., j i,,,,! hetwfi'ii it and till' lii;:lier wooded lainl to the noitliward of (ape Sintalwater; liie eMunnn ,,| this hi.uhiM' land shows as a ronnd hill with a saddle liehind it. The Lijiht house at ('ape Shoalwater hears north thirty nine de};rees west (N. .ill W .1. .lisi.im four ami a halt' miles tVotn the extri'mit v of I,eadhetter roint. and slamls on the soiilhci n eMivmn^ of a sand iid};e aliont tiftv feet hiuh; Iml it is neail.\ I woiniles from tlie end ol the luu, -imi, point which stretches thence towards I.cadlietlcr I'oinl. This sand p.:int is one of two hniu mii_ points, south and east of the l,ij,dil house whicii hutU a'^ if they v ere drau^icd into the l>.i\ \<\ il„ force ol the wind and water. Nnrlliward from the l.i^lit lions- there is a stretch of low sand dniics. half a iiiile wide. 1.. uv,., ,, the Iteach ,ind the trees. This width decreases j;iadiially towards (Irak's llailior, ,iiii| .11 ,:. narrowe.xt part is ahoui two hundred and lill> ,\ards wide. The sandy piojcction from the exticniily of the tii'cs on l.eadhctter Toiiil and that liom c.ii,, Shoalwater contract the cut ranee to the l>a\ totwoanda hall iiiiics; lint this width can imt K,- relied upon liecaiise each point ot' the entrance is Miliject to freipient and irregular chan-is. In 1S.S."> there was a Ion;; shoal exiendiii;;' three and three ipiarters miles directly south troin iIhia Ireinily of Cape Shoalwater, where its lireadlh was over two miles. The tail of this slm.il h.i, nearly as tar south as the extremity of Ledhctter Point, and the cliaiiiicl to the lia.\ i.iii iiiulii :\,r eastern side of the shoal on a course north In east. There has lieeii an opinion that the appearance of the approaches In Shoalwater l'>:iy :iii \i\\ similar to those at the Colnmliia K'ivcr. Iml we lia\e liecii nnalile to detect aii.s rescinlilin. .• ;i|iri passiiiix near it .several times. The Isolated |iositioii of Cape I >isappointiiienl. Its hci;;hi, iml lin- Neawaid face of its liold, rocky el ills wiihoiil tices torm a peculiar feature. This with .'-^cai Ih.i.hiji Hill, the halfcleaieil top nf Coxcdinb Mill. S.iddlc .Mountain, and Tillamook Mead, shoiilil 11 ii:ii\i all ilonlit in regard to the ^;eiieial rcscinlil.incc. Muicover, I he dilVeieme in latitude 1^ il,iii\ miles. It is claimed that in thick weather, when I he hi;;h land is covered w itli lia/c. sninKr. m foj:. the Ion;; line of low beach to the sipiilh ol the entrance lo Shoalwater I'.a.N icsemlilcs ili;ii .• Clatsop I leach ; and t lien the higher wnodcd part of ( 'ape Shoalwater may he mistaken toi ( .i| 1 1 1 - appointment. In support of this ex pla nation we have the lepoils of se\eral vessels actiiall.N eiiilc.u orin;: to enter the lia.x under the misappii'licnsion that it was the Colniiiltia. ami that oilii is |.,n,. het'ii wicckcilon the North liieakcrs. The ex|danal ion is iiiisal isfacloi \, ami .1 iia\ i;;aloi w ihuln, , not know the co.ist, or his posiilnii cUisely, should ccitaiiily use the lead in appioaihinu ^^ll.l: in eon.siders the Coluiii'iia Ki\er. 1111; I.Hill 1 IlofSi; isappoiniiiierit. The slriictiire cuusists of a keeper's dwcllin;;, with a tower risin^ lliroii;;h it and sin ludini.,! Iiy an iron lantern painted lilaek. The tower is the triistum of a cime. The dwelling ami i.'V>> 1 are plastered and w hitew.islied, hut are not conspicmms olijci'ls. The illiimiiiatiii;; app:i' 1; - olllie fourth order (d' the .systc n of I'lesnel ami shows <( //,//(/ irliiti Ihjlit nuint liii in in 11 lis. It illiiminati s the entire se.i and hay hoi 1/1. n. hut there are no c.iladiopi 1 ;■■ riii;;s towards the loiest. It was lii-t exhihited on Oclolier 1, Is.'iS, und shows fiom siiii-d t.. miiiiim'; The liei;:lit of the focal Jilaiie is thirty live feel above the -roiiiiil ami eii:hl\ live Icet above ll . mhmIi level id' the .sea. In favorahle eomlitions of the weather llie li;;lit should hi' seen liom a la i-l;l "1— 111 liM'l ill il (tisliiiicc 111' 1 1 null's. •JO IV'rl lit il (liNtiim 1' lif 111 inilrs. :tO Ci'i't lit ;i ilisliiiii f IT nulls. The ;,'eor,rrapliioal iiosilion, as determined by the C. S. Coast and (leodclic survey, is: l.i.lilnil.- •'! >•' """' l.,i.,;;ilM,l.. 1^' '" -■I _ »'■'•' Ur, in liiiii' '^" ''■' '''■' The imiKiu'tii' variation was ijl ."»S' east in .laniiary, ISS."i, with a .\early inciease of 1. s. aCIIIC coast IMiOT. 475 III r;l|l linl l„, r I hllll^i's. Ill III lllllll III,. ,.\ lill^ ^Ii.mI » ,, ■'.III iiiiijii ihi. r Miiv :ii.' Mi\ • Mlllllail. !■ ;||||.i H'lj^lll, .IIKJ ||,|. Il SlMI lil.|iM|;;il nIiiiIiKi liliiin,. Itllilr l> lluil\ i:i/l'. Mllllkr, <>| I'llllill'S IJKII ,.| 'II llll ( '.ip( |l|V ■lii;ill\ ii'cii'.i, ill III III I- Im\i' yilllll U lllll|ol^ h-Iiiiil; nji.il lie uii lliiiiK 1. 1 ,1 ;llt III lIlr.-.ILlI •I mill- Ilnllj. I. Ill Niii iiiiii|ti|i,| iiil: ;inil inMii >^ ;i|i|i:u.ilii.s s if nil ill r'lifli lilln|il I ;. i:ii:.s M'l III ^II'IIIM'. Illl\ r llll llir.lll I il iifi;.'hl Ill- Till' li;.'lit iit CiippSlioiiIwiitiTwiis (liscoiitiimcil Scidt'inltcr 1, 1S50, iiiiil icliKlitcd in tlii' cjul.v |iiirl of .Inly, 1S(!1. I'roin ('a[w ISlioiihviitfr Iji;,'litliou8i.' we liiivo tin- Collowiii},' bciiriiigsaml distaiiccs to iiniiortiiiit, Illljl'Cl.'' t'api' Oirmil I.inlit-lii (Japr (iri'U'iry l-i>:lil Iiihin S. I'.)' •■(•llll lia llrails M;:lil-liiiiis 'rillaliiii'iU limU Lii;li(-liii>a|i|iiiiiiliiiriil S. •.'•.' S. 17}' K. 2:il iiiilrH. •JO-J inilrM. l-.'-J liiili'.i. ■H liiilrs. llrslnlrliiin lulailil (ihhimimmI situ nl' I.iulll-lliilisr) . .Ia;:^i'il Isli'l ami Ciiniill KnrU near Ciipr .ImIihshii N. ;i-l W. N. lui \V. ■|j mill' ■'^ mill' "'i lIMlrH. 'I'lic ronisi' itf tlii> stciiiniTs liclwi'i'ii Sun r'niiicisi't) iiiul tlio Strail uC I''iiri iliout thirty iniirs iiiilsiili' III' ('ii|K', Slioiilwiitcr, miil tlir Li,L;lit tliiTi'lon; is not visihlo, hut tlu' lii;;li iiioiintaiiis nil till' iMst siili' i(t' tlir Itil.v iiri' si'cii. I.ij'i- Siiriiiii Stdlloii. — A (iistcliiss lil'i' sii\iiif; stiitioii, with coiiiiilcti' appiinitiis and cri'w iiluavs on (liilv. is loralcil ihmt Cniir SlioiilwaliT on the north shori' of Ivitjhthoiisi' Cove. The iioini Wiis ii;iiin'il ('a|ii> Shoiilwati'i in Jiilv, 17SS, liyMi'iui's, who plari'il it in latituilo IIP 17'. In IT'.t- Viuniiiiver iissiunt'il tu il llii' liititinh' ICi" Id'. It was vii'wi'il iioin the northern piiil of Ciipi' Disiipiiitintnu-nt by Lewis iinil Chirki' in ls(l.">, and was calli'd roint I/i'wis. In tlii' lirsi survey oC 1>».">J it Wiis ntinii'd Toke Point rroni an nhl Imliiin ehier; lint this niinie is now a|i|ilieil to the low jioint inside the bay four and a liiiM miles ciistward oC the Li^dit house. The, liiiliiin name ol' the point Is (,)iialipt-suni. (iiHifiil Ptscn'jitiiin III' Shanlirdlif Hay. — Insideof the lony; peninsula the bay stretches soutli- soiiiiieii>t tor ei;;hleen miles from mid cntriinee, with an aver;ij;e breiidth of four miles. The shores iilireast the entrance the northein jiiiif of the bay runs e:ist- ;lie m'tirlillly low. mmciiiateiv iirlliiM . a ciippcry liiste. The sniiply had been nearly exhausted, in part on !iccouiit of some diseirse ; but care is liciiiLicxciclscil in tliiir cult ivatioii, and the supply is iccoveiin^'. I'ish of all kinds abound, and t'ormerly the wild foul from tiic iioitli covered the Wiitcrs of the bay iuid all the sti'cainsand iiiaislies. The p;iit of the biiy north of the line from Le;idbetler Point to (loose Point is lociilly known as llie North I>iiy, iinil the rest to the southward as the South Pay. The shores of the bay, uith the exception of the peninsula side, are mostly comiiosed of low ii. inks of a siinds chiv In which ;ire stiiita of recent tossil shells iind the reniiiins of trees. Where these batiks are Wiisli liv till w liters ol till' liiiv llicv li;i\e n earlv vcitical dills and iire covered III top with a dense utowtli of tirs and iitiilcrbrusli to the eilue. T le eastern sliore o f tl Pa v. fioiii (loose Point i.aind to the Neinur I'ivors, is a level tablo- id covered with tt mil noticciiblc with its brij;lit washed clifVs. The double jxiint Just west of the moutlis of the ri\ers forms two \ery cons]iiciious, steep, bii,i;lit clilVs, wooded on to|); and on the extreme point is a second j;rowtli of forest trees. Pet ween the Nemiir and the Niisal Pivers llieie are also a few bri;i;ht clitls, noticeably about two miles south of the fotiner rivers, iind another ji^t northwest of the mouth ot the Niisal Piver. Put the land is hilly near the .shores, and rises ipiite lii;;li on the north side of the month of the latter river. The entire country surrounding; Shoalwater Pay is densely forested, and from its shores there has been taken the lary:est iind clearest of all the northern tirs forlower masts to the .uroat dipper ships in the California trade. Several streiims enter tlie bay, iind there are jrooil but narrow channels Ihroushont its extent leadiii},' from them. At low water these diannels .itc all dearly detincd by the shoals on either side, and the currents then run with f;Teat velocity and it is ditlicult to keep a cour.sc iit;iiiiist them. The streams are all of limited extent. The principal one cmiities into the northeastern anjile of the bay, and i.s called the Whilapah* The iiimilh of this rivi r lies exactly ten miles e I J I •J7r, TAClriC CnANl' I'll.nr. Ill 1 1(1 iiortli Iiiilf iioHli (R hy \. h N.) from ('iip«' Slioalwalfr Li;:lil I sc aiu) nini> iin.l a li., r ,|„|, nortlicast by oast (MO. by K.) IVom tlii> tirsl iM-dhiiDV in Hit- ciilrancc li> llic Lav. .\|., iniltvs back from the sliorc to tin- nortlnvanl ol tin- nver llir nil;:c of lii-h woi.d.il l,, nortliwcst and sonllica.st, and .shows six or more weakly dcdncd liill tuiis iVoin one il lliirtfon liundrfd f<'»'t in lici^ilit to break ilsonllinf. 'riic cMrcn nd of IJanm 1 sontli and wt'st sido of tiic river's niontli, is low and niaisliv and is not iih: ii„1 j, I'ihI. i^ii |1„ u' river at its inontli is less than a i|iiarter nC a mile wide, wiili low, maisliy 1 seen nntii a \ esx i Mill' I- IMMI e bet Ween sleep. In uel\ . !■! ;.-! it. Tl inarsii land. lhron;;li wliieb tbe river eomes. is alxiiit a mile and a lialf w id forested hill side.s. It is rejtorted that the river is na\ iyable lor \ esseN diawiii:: I ten mile.s from its monti On this river are the villa;;es of South IJeiid. I.'iverside, and Woodward's l.aiiijiii::. s!ii,|, son's Sawmill is at Sontii I'lend. and when this and tlie inill on Nasal IJiver are niiiniii^ iIk \ shm live or six earfjoe.s per moiitli. The eliannel fiom the \\ hil .i pah is know n to naviuatoi- :iv iln North Channel, and carries three fallicnns of water from its monih. Tlie month (d' the I'i'lii.r /i'/(< c, Jiisi lo tlie eastward of (loose roiiit. is lealh :lll r»!ii.in tliree-(piaiteis of a mile wide to the small slieaiii which eomes lliioiif;li low. maisliv I.ukI- .mn the hills. The month is marked b\ < loo.-e I'oint. w hieh lies four miles north seventy si\ in ih jm east (N. 77" I'..) from I.eadbetter roini. In an indentation of the east shoie of the l>a\ . Iieariii;: east tioin < )ysterville, empiv i "Il xiii.iii ■■lite c.j llii> streams called the Xnrtli and South Sriiinr liir,>s. The double point at the west little bay is tbnr and three unarters miles .south eiji;hty-seven lie^iiees east |S. S7 K.) I'loin ili,. outer end of the wharf at Oysterville. The .\ilsiil A'/rcr enters in the sonthe.istei ii ]iart of the bay belmnl l,«mj; Island. The n ih is half a mile wide and appareiillv blocked b\ a projection from I.on^ Island. The eliiiirii 1 I.miI iny; to it cari ies not less than three fathoms, and at the mouth theic is a depth of l\vr!ii\ in ;. There are lii;;h. wooded banks on either siih' ot' the 1 1\ er. but w here these spiead apail tin . .him is tilled w il li II, lis and maislies. Theie is a saw iiiilj on the Nasal: il is \ i.Nible finin i iir .iiiiii..i aue olV ( »\ s'ei \ ille. The mouth of the livei' is six miles southeast b.\ east iSf",, li\ I'..; linii] liir outer end of the Ovsteiville whart. A tiw sni.dl stieams cuter the south pait of the bay, and two of them reach llr.ll 1\ |. liakei's r.a\ . on the Columbia Itiver. atfordin;; ;,'ood portage thereto. The north shore of the ba.\ is \er.\ iiie;;iilar and is di\ ided into three small bays li\ i!i.^ |.|. Jeetionsof Hawks I'niiit and Toke roiiit. The easternmost of these inileiitations, near lln Win It hii;!! water ol le and oiielialf miles wii le and ncarh that distance into it S lie. Ml. .11:' a pall. i> has hi;;li, wooded shores. Into the northeastern ati^jle of this bay eiu|ities the .\cf(iminiiln known as the \nrtli h'irn-. It h.is si.x feet . f mall sand islet, four or livi' acres in extent, covered with low, stunted llr trees aii'l ■ It is a t;rass. It IS III till middle of the extensive oystei .teds in this Jiart of the ba.\ . Tlic I inli.i^t II iini^ of the island is Nasstoo. Westwatd of I'liie Island theie is a low, s (iidv island called Siitni Islniul. it is in l\ tiat of the siirvev of l.S.-,L'. <»n this tlat, which is on tin tion of the lonji, bare, saiid.v (d the north channel, are two bare rid.ues, one Ishind. and liieothei, Sandx between Sna.u Island and ■ A I ■..,111,,, ""'"■'I I.H .1 nil,. ""■ tliiii: Mill („ ;"' ''"iiii. .'I, tl„. ' \ ''NSfl |v licit > I'.HiK- Tl, , •177 ■'ll'lill;:. sii,i|, III- Il:r\ ^||,|, \ l^.ltol-. :|v til, .^ l.lllcU .lllhihj -<■^|•ll i|r:ji(,s lllpl\ IU,.MIl,lii '> I'., tinlii lii,. 'Ml'll IM..Ill_\ I.. ly^ li\ t!i.. |ii,, iii'.ii III,- Willi ' lis lllMll. ,|l|,l roiiKliitli, , II, m iri' oT 111,. Liu. i\ IT ciiipiv ill: >lii':ili, ■■.illi'il (■>'<"■ I < ■-, ,1, I ^iiiiij, Mill I I' ■■.,-. ■ III.,, ' n'll .■^ilj.;!, ;.•::; inn is |,„,iii.|| ) iViiiii --I.II11 'rs :iii., ,. I lull. Ill II IMII' ■S III I'h I..IM III' 'I.I *.iiil ,1, ^11,,:; ' r' CI- ,' •••^ •■■■ ...•i^.. iivi- llu' caslfi'ii siini'ii (if tlic liay ami dii'ccll.v oiipiKsitt^ ilic iiioiitli of the Na.'thofa fatlioni or more of vaier where Sand Island formerly existed. To the .'>ontheasiwar*l and just under the hook of l.r.iiUietter I'oint there weie at that time two areas of sand exposed at hi,i,di water and separated liiiin the iioint. These were called l.e^ Island and Crescent Island. I'li'tiits ill the /.'((.I/.— In the iioiihcrn part of the hay tlieie are scM'ral jioints freipiently refened 1,1 111 llic Imoy-list and liy iia\ i;^altirs. Sliixiliratcr I'liints. — 'I'his name i> applied as charaeteristic to the two Ion;;, low, samly points siii'lchinH;eastw aril Irom C.ipe Slioalwalcr. These t wo jiiMnts are Ioiil;' arms of sand dra^j^in;.;' into III!' liay in a yeneial casleily direction. The outer one is t wo miles lony; tVom the curve at the .iiiicr licacli, and its direction is nearly east liy south. The extiemity is one and fourtifths miles ..-(..ilheast liy east fiom llie l.i;;lit house. The second |ioint lies ron^jhly parallel and to the north III' the on I CI' one. The l.i;;lil house Co\ e lies to the northward of the second point, lietween it and still another low, pnijectin;; point to the northwaid, wliicii lalli r point is covered with ;trass and iices. It is a very snn^j and well |irotceled am'horii;;'e in soft mnd. The life-savin;; station is local CI I on the iiurth shore of this cove. The I wo outer piiiiils are snlijeet to ;;reat and freipient (^lianues. In l.S,"ii,' and l.H,").") they did iMii exist, lint a l)e;;innin;; was indicated. In 1.S71 they were fully dcvelojied. There is no vejie- lalimi upon them. '/'('/.•(' I'niiit. — This is a Ion;;', low ton;;ne of land stretchin;;' eastwardly from the north shore. I I leaves that shm-e alioiit two and a half miles east northeast froin the I.i;;litliouse, ami stretches mill the liay two and a half miles with an avera;;e width of half a mile. Near the main shore it i> low, marshy, and treeless; thence for aliout one ami tliret' ipiaiters miles it is covered with low •lees and hushes to its extiemily, which is low and sanily. The extremity of the iioint lies four .Hill a half miles nnilli sc\ eiity nine de;;i'ces east (N. 7'.' I''.) from the la;;ht house, and four and !,iui' liftlis miles ninth nineteen decrees e.ist from the I.eadhetter I'oint. The main shore I'ctreats II,', Illy two miles to the iioilh of Toke I'oint, and in the deepest |iart of the hiyht is the month of • idar Itivei', already referred to. Toke I'oint does not how conspicuously from outside the har, ilie tree covered portion of it hein;; ]irojected a;;ainst the hi;;her land of Hawks I'oint Just to the iioiilieast; and the hare extremity is not seen until a vessel is abreast the second led buoy, well inside th(> enti'ancc. In IS.'i'J the name Toke I'oint was erroneously applied to Cape Shoahvater. Toke was an old liiilian chi<>f who li\eil on this point, or in its vicinity. Iliarhs I'diiit is on the north shore of the bay, and is fronted on the sontii by a broad area of shoals bare at low walei'. On its eastern side there is a six feet channel Icailin;;' into the Noitli i;i\er r>ay. The point is a moderately hi;;li blntV co\ crcd with trees. It lies six ami two-thirds miles iioi'th sixty ei;;lit de;;r<'es east (N. (W K.) fiom the l.i;;ht house, and seven and one-lhii'd mill's north twenty six ile;;recs east (N.'Jfi^ I'].) from head better I'oint. The mouth of the Wliil a pah lies three and a half miles east from Hawks Point. 't I m m ^r i 1 ■I i ■ I n ■ITS rAcii'ic t()\>T rii.or. «l L'dUiir /'Ki'/ir.— This is the iioiiit dii the southwest siiU' of' the inontli dl' Whil ;i |i,ili K'n, i || is ;i moderately iiariinv |iiii;;iie of t'oiesi eoveied Cast lainl, iVom ei-hi> to one hiiialinl i, , i in.i, lirojeetiii:^' IVoiii tile Mint ii wanl, It is iMinli'ied li\ a licit ut' low iiiaisli. iVoiii tliice iiiiiidh i in >\yl liiiiidred .\anls In widiii. luit tiiis low lioider is not seen iiiiiil a vessi'l is neailv np wiih ih, i,,,,,,, Th*' hifjii part ui' the i>oiiii is a eohs|iieiions ol>|i-ei when Itioad olV llii' eiitianee to Hi,. |, n. ,,,„| was used as a iiiij.'e ni iilv for em>sin.u' the liar in lornn r ,\cais when llir Noiili Cliainii I . \iv||,| lienee its name. 'I'lie lii;:ii exlreniil.v of the |ioinl lies nine and a li.ill' miles noilli dej^ives east (N. 71 l'..i from the Lighthouse, and nine miles nortli foil,\ eiuhi (N. IS" K.) t I l.eadlietter Toint. Sliiiiii I'liiiil is a shaip. naiitnv I'lilV of saiid> elay. sixty feet hi;;li, niakiii;; out ( im'l:m r> ,.,|,| olll liiihilhil and tiftv ,\aiiis diiertl.\ wevt from tl M|iTaiel\ hi^h land on the southeast side of Nuiih |:,\ It is ia|iidl> weaiiii;; a a a \ . this has e\iiostd at lis hase the nndeilv inj; siralniii ni Imu i,|,.|^ ,,] liasaltie roek. Il is saiil that no other phne mi Ihe hay presents this ;;eoloj;ieal fealiiie. SU'M Point is not eonspieuoas t'roin out ide the entianee, lieiiiu' piojeeted against tlieiid;;e teriiiiiMini- in l;an;.'e Point. Il lies .si \ and thr piarleis miles south ei;;hly ei;;ht de;;iccs east (S. ^,s |; IVom the laiihtlioiise, and fi\e ,ind a i|uailer miles iioiih forty n' lie decrees easi jN. t!i l.i, nmn Leadlietter Point. Pine I.Nland lie« one and onethiiil miles outside the poinl on tl i,, I.eadlietler Point. The town of ilruei'port is loeated three tpiarters of a mile northea.-l timn m,! inside ot' Stoii.N Point. (iiKisr I'tiint. — This is a ia::;ied. IdiitV. and wnoded point, alMiiit lifly feet hi;;h, with hii;;lii, lii\ elilVs, at the wi-l .side oft! lllianee to the P.llllS li'ii'r. I'lciin outside the 1 le liar It siiiiH« eonsniei|oiis|\ nM^r the liaie p. ill of I.e.iilliet ler Point. There i> ow , marsliy iieeU a nn iilii iM a mile south of the exireniily of (he poiiii, and the trees for a shoit distanee towavds S.imlv \'v\m have lieell cleared a\ thai (ioosc Point is lirst made as a small island, somewhat re.si Toll i; lie Point in Ihe ( 'olumlua lliv er. The whole of the peninsula soul lieast of the poinl of Wooded hillocks neail_\ cut tiiroUL;li 1>.\ marshy sloiij,'hs; hut the overlappin^i of the.- uivi'S a ;.;eneial impression of a h \el, wooded lidire. Mlllllll- I I .■-elil■^ e Irllnrk. (ioose Point lies scNCIl miles .soinli sixty seven dee-|(>es east (S. V,'~ ]■].) from the I,i;;lil limiM. and three and three(|iiarters miles nortli seventy seven de;;rees east (N. 7'i I'..) from Leadlicllti Poinl. SiDidy I'liiitt is a low sand point niakiiiL,' out nearly (Uie third of a mile from the womliil fnnl liehiiid it. It is a i.illier loiij.', eur\ ill;; piunt two miles soiilhsoiithi'ast from (ioose piMiii, aiiij four .ilid I half inlles soiilli se\elll\ six de.urees east from l.cadlll'ttcr Point. Tlicieare several selllemeiiis in .Slioaluatcr P>a\ . The. Saw mills alrcad.v mentioncil ; Iti in r|iiiii. on the east side of ihe h.iy ileal istoiiy Poinl, with the ereat o.vster lieds lyiiii: in front ni \\w jilaee : |!a> ('iiilrc. near iloose I'oiiit at the iiionlh ot' the Paln.x ; and iiiinierous set th i - ihiiiml Ihe liay and on the dinereiit streams. (tijKliiiiiU is tlio lar;,'est settlement on the lia>. Il i.s located on the hay shore ol I'!. Inn,' pi'iiinsnla, about six miles in a stiai;;lil line from th- present extreinilyof I.eadliellei I'nini There are \erv e\teiisi\ c o\ ster heds hel ween till' shore anil Ihe main channel, « liieli runs i lii.>idi Ihe miilille of iIm' ha\ on a .south soul heast con i>e neailv lolhe head. .\ wharf seven 1. with a T eiuhly feet lonu at tin- outer end, has lieeii hiiilt out from the shore to reach dee|iri «.ili i. Th III' is over li.ilf a mile huii;. The main cliannel docs not lead hy the wharf, hiii i h'iii>l aim comes in from \\\r southeast and small vessels can enter this ami come up to the w ii.iil. I,ar;,'er v essels anchor in deeji water ahoul I wo miles broad oil' the town. I.ar;,'e areas of I in this vicinity are partially hare at low water. h.' >hH,ll.. .t''' ^av are shoaler than to any oilier h.iy ..ii tli ^t. Tl le survev s u nn h have hceii niatle since that of IS.'.:,' clearly «'xliil)il tins feali dciiioiistratc the fiei|ueiil and ^^rcit cliaii;;es channel or channels jiass. I'oiir miles olV the entrance ilie line of ten fathoiiiHis t'oiiii liich take placi' in the shoals tliioiiiili Ih nil . !i IlM lath oms, over illoin of line 'Mav .sand at live miles; and forty fathoms, over darl sand, at twelve miles. In less heavy wealhei than would cause the .sea to lireak on the < Itiver liars, it hieaks here w illi fury ipiile around theeiitrance. At present the ^''eat sIm the entrance makes out to the southward from Cape Shoalwater for three and a half mile JoiiL' lines of breakers mark ils,southwa,id liiiill. Th.' inner ed;;e wasiii ISS.") marked hy three il II liiiii.: II' ('"111 lillll.llVll • "I' NiMiii |;,n I I'l' liii" Mcis .i| Ifaliiii'. ,S|,,in ft(<' tciiiuii.iiiii^, •■iisl (S. vs i;"" N'- 111 l;.i, Ih.in III ll'i' i.ni:^,. I,, li<'.l>l rimii 111,1 lilli llM-liI, lil,\ ' li:!!' II sill, Us '<■'■' :i i|ii iilci III' iN S,iliil\ I'l.iiii li.il rr>. Milihii; linilll I ,| >r||,., i" lIlr.M' llilliirkv II' l.i,i;lil liuiM. ■'illl l.r.|i|li|.n,.| ire III' llir 1,111,' illiillii I'liiiii. 1 runs llijuii-li ■Veil I'l'i'l u iilr, (ll l'|M'l «J|,|. III. lull ,1 l.!|ii.| I 111 III,' v h.iir. -s dllli,' ,!|,i,ll.. icr liiiy • II III, is rcalini' .iiiil I.Ull \\ll r!| III, oiiHii ; I V, , !in lai'K iiiik! .iinl till' Ciliiiiilil,) slhial ll iiriii^ r liiilo, ,.'iil a lliri'l' (^ !i,li>. PACIFIC tM)AST ril.Ol'. t7'J I'liiTc ll iv(( lit'cii two cliiiiiiu'ls iiitii till' lia.v, ami smniitiiiifs only oiic; aiHl tli«> Hiini'v of oin is iiscli'ss as a ;;iii(l(' I'lir the iirxt. In view ol' tlu'sc lart.s it .s useless to ;iive detiiiite sail- , ;,' ,iirei'tii'iis. Tlie aiiproaeiies ami llie eiiliaiiee are marked li.\ a ;;u(m1 series of luioys, wlnirli an iliaiiy^i'd li,V the Li}{lit house lloanl loeoiirorni to the ehaiiKi's in the elianiiels, ami vessels inav ,;iliraii(l leave 1>,\ these liiio.vs. In Ihe a|i|>roaehes ami the iiiaiii ehannel there are siillicMeiit ■11, us to yllitle 11 vessel. When \e.>sels are niiinin;,' li.V the liiio.vs as ;;iiiiles, they iiiiisL wateli the I ,if liie ciirreMts, lieeansi' al certain sla;,'es of the tides they run with ;;reat velocity, and at iiiiH's I'lin a('r,iss the shoals, III ISS.-i there wa.. a ili'|i||i ol'siNleeii feet of water on the bar, and the eoiirse over the liaraml ilmi;;' Ihe inside ol the line ,)!' lu'eakers on the s|iil reaehjny out from ("ape Shoalwaler was .iImiiiI north l>y east, so thai a sailin;,' \essel eonid enter will I taekiii;;- in ordinary summer u iliiis. Ill .lanii.iry, IHSs, me report of the liydro};iapliie examinalion of the entrance to this hay ,>iii,ued that chanK<'-< had taken |ihic(« ami were then taking; place. At that liinetheie was liiit ,tipe channel into the bay. \ cssels drawing;' ei;,diteeii feet of water con Id enter at any staj;e of tlu! iide, lull siniiiijirs sliaiild ntrcr allniijit In ithss Ihe Imr icilhiuit tl jiUiil. The middle sands were. naliv shifiiiiL;' to the soul iiw ard, and the north asli" channel was deepening'. N'essels as tiirce and a liulf knots ciiiiiil anchor anywhere inside the points of eiitiance, hut the safest place was North Cove, which is p, rfcclly protecleil from the si'a, and wiicie ;^ood hoidin;^' ;;roiind can lie t'oiind. The liay is rarely visited h\ any olhcr \ I'ssels than tlio.sc ennafjed in the inmhei' trallle, and ihcse, as a ;;i'neial rule, proceed directly to ihe mills on the Whilapah or Nasal Kivers. .Mioiit one hiindreil vessels, a\ cratiinj;' three hundred tons each, enter the hay annually. The //.~i'eek of ill,' iliiK'tiil Wnrrtii miisi ha\e passed this entrance in its drift from theColumbia Kivei' to ',/*■ lluiiij. — This is a jirsl-clK.is niinbuitij, juiiiihii irilli hhukaiul niii/c iirriniiilirnliif sinpi s. 1 1 is placed in ei;;ht fathoms of w aler outside tlii^ bar, and may be passed on either hand. 'I'in lUir liiiiij/. — This is a .vc('(i/i(/ class ctin hum/, jut in led irilh hlitcl: (iiul irliilr in'ijioiiliciilar xtrijHx. l! is placed in ei;,diteeii feet of water iieai' the liar, and may lie passed on either hand close to. The Sindh iiid <>/ Sliixilirdlcr Siiil. — This is a sti .mil rliis.i iiKil bnofi, jiitintcil hhiclc and iiuiiilxrid I. It is placeil in Ihiily feet of water, inside the bar, on liie east side ot' the spit, which i.-'. makin;: to the eastward, and is passed on the port hand wiili a beitli of lil'ty yards. The S'orth (Illl <>/ Sii lid Isliiitd. — This is a v <•"«(/ ('/((vs' iniii liuoif, pniiitfd ml iind iiiniiliiird J, ll IS placed in twi'iily six leet ot watei' near the northern extremity of the shoal which lies in the 1 iiti'anc(> where .Sand Island Ibiinerly existed. This slioal is rcjiorted to be makiiijj out to the westward. The course fiom the last buoy to thi.s was noithiu rtheast, and thedistaiKH' three and a ipiarter miles, in ISSI!; sailiii;;' vcs.sels shoidil not run from buoy to buoy, but ratlier keep well to wiiidwai'd of I his laller buoy, f;ivin^' it a widi^ beith on the starboard hand. •i*!;; A ti I II ■k '!■ '111. 480 rAciru; coast ni.or. \intlii,i.\l (mW (>/' .SVi«(/ /((/(nj(/.— Tliis is !i mvoiiilrhiss iniii hmni, p,iinti,l ml ami iiumUm.l »; | is plat'cil in litli-cii Ircl ol' wMvw owr liiinl s.iiuls liuthuii on llic n..i iIumsI.i ii rMivMiitv ..| h|, was r..iiiifil,\ Saml Island lint is now a daiiKfions shoal n|MMi w Inch llo' mm lnvaK> wnii hm , hcax.s wratluT. and Irrai'lii-roiis cnrii-nls an- sciiin- liark and lorili with n,,,;,| x,.|oc :i\. s.hIi. v«>ss«'ls slioultl nut apiU'oacli tliis l>tio,v hcani than Ivmi hnndii'd ,\aids. •liHii;i liinl SjiU. — This is a Iliinl rlnss iiiin hiinii pttinh'l hlml, ,iiiali cliannc! and thr I'liannd hadin;,' lo l.i-hi i,,,,,,, ('live. N'l's.srls i-ntriinj; thr liay ami lioninl lof I.i^ilit honsc ("ove, when U|i with this hn.n.si, i Ifavi'il on Ihf stailioanl side and kiT|i close to the sands on the port siili-, sli'('iin;i i nunM' iim' li.\ west tHM' i|uarlrr wot (N. Ii.\ \V. \ W.) until np with a hlml: simr hunji, whith .shoiilil !..• \r jnst on till' pint hand, and tin- toiiiM' (■'■ iii;;nl sharpiv lor thr I.i;:ht house. Anidioi «li. n n, ,; , nplotlir I, iff saving station, in time and a hail' lathoinsor waliT. 'I'hf aiirhoia-r i> \,i\ ,, row. and is onl\ av.ulalilc lor small vessels. The cove is pt'il'eetlv pioleeted Iroin tin ,im .iml i,,, liottoMi is soti iiind. X'e-sel.-, Iioiind 111! the W'liil apah Itiver pass lielween the red liiiov No. •; ami the lil.n k Im inaikin^' .lenn.\ I'okI .Spn In ^ northeast diieetionand will piss in siieeessjon tliiee l>iio\ « .hhI hu l»ea<-olis. I'lie liilo\ list must lie eiinsidted I'oi- the positions with leleieiiee to the i li.iniii i, ,i , deseiiplions of these aids to nav i;.;ation. \essels lioiiml np the Soul h Hay, to ()ystei'\ ille or NemiT I'lveis, when p.ist red liiii>\ N,, i steer I'or the center ot' I. on;; Island and pass vvitliinoiie hnndied yarils of the east sidi ..i j, Island, just olV l.eadlietter Point; thence close aloii{,' the sands on the starlioard hand aniil ,i M.h and red liori/onia! striped linoy is iiiiide ahead. This iiiaiks the dividing; point nf ili>' i iinv , Vessels liiiiiiid I'or the Neiiinr li'ixers leaxi- this liiioy on the starlioard hand; vessels IhhiihI', <)\siei\ii' ' or up the ni.iiii elMiiiiel will leave this linoy on the port liami, and pass m ^||^n'^^ • si\ leioNs, I'oi descriptions and positions of which with refeieiice to theehaniiel the Ipmus h-i m. - 111' consulted. 7'/i/<.v lit SliiKilinitfi- lliii/. — To tind the time and lii'i;;lit ot' every tide tliioii;;li(.iii il,, m,,; use the 'I'nle tallies I'or the I'acille Coast |inlilished annnallv in adxancc In the 1°. S. ( i..i.t ,r I iiiir |i. in ever, the (>.\ster\ille hwal times of hi^;li and low water are. wanted, siilitraci tuiiii > |..iii ,i,., twenty ei^ilit miniitcs. lespecliv cly, fiom the tahiilar times at .Vsloria. Slmalw.itei I'l.iN was discovered lint not entered hy Meares on .liily ."i, I TSS, luiiir /'./..,, wlieii he w.is on a cinise to the sonthwaril in search of <|ie Itio de San lfoi{Ue of llei ii.i. II, named it .Slioalwalei' IJay. Heavy southeast weather prevented his enleriii;,' il, hat liii'ii I' niastlieaii he was ,ilile to see .somewhat ihe extent of the liay stretchin;^ to the iioi ili».inl .^ii : eastward. Vancouver retained the name of t'l.- <'.ipe, and on his chart has .-i ron^^h imlicahmi ■•! ,i lir . line of Ineakers in front of the who! • i\,\ . I)e Miifras calls it Hut !>' de .Malalii'i;;o on Ids chart, )tut he has no liay laid doui,. Two ollict-rs of the I'nited States {•Ixploriiifi I'Nitedition pas.sed throufili it on Una \\.i\ \u-- (Jra.v's llailior lo I'laker's Hay, Iml do not descrilie it. TelieiikotV calls it Shoalwatcr Itay. lail hisdeiineation on thecliart is very cui ion>l\ iri'iiniMi rnuii ('it/ir Shoiihrdlrr to I'liint lliinson, the smith poiiTt of the entrance to (liay's II hIhu. .!i distance is twelve miles, and the nearly strai;;ht lieacli runs northwest liy north one i|ii.iiii i w>\' (NNV. Iiy N. [ N.). The hard ocean lieaeli atlords an excellent road that can lie tiavli'l i' \va;;ons al li.ilf tide. The sli;;litly elevated sandy hank hack from the lieacli is aliont I'w. hin^ dreds yards wide; it has a sli;,dit rise towards the lieach, and falls towards the forest. Tin iiii"i edi^e IS co\ered with coarse y;rass, and varies from a nn'ie strip to two hnndied ,\aids m uidiii 15aek of this jjiassy strip and parallel with the shore is a cranberry meadow four inilcs m li'ii;;tli. a mile in lireadtli. These eranherry marshes are divided and cut h| I" !"■>. and i n some place: larrow ridges of pine; these ridges are of sand, evidently thrown up l>y the ocean Ion: m i ( W: i 'i "• *"'":^M3U-i.i|u. ■rtWi Land beyond Poinl Ci.i viiie. Or»y'» Harbor approach Qray'8 Harhor •.pprosdics. I'oiut -"{.'Mis' ■lA.'-'-'f^'' '■. "a ♦*■?■■.•^■^.^■•»l^l^J^ r ■/;.,;■"'•'■' Will„„nhl,y i;„ck, m feof. Cap,. Elizui,,.,!,. yii^iiiiilt Kiver. •x*»r«MMN.>t*M4i>4U4 Or»y'» Httrlior approadieN. Sa.MI(. Hill. N. .K„ lainiloH. Ol.viiipic Kiiiige. '^^sk^^H^^'.^f^^'^M Point Brovrii. |M li ijl 1J i ritrf i f')ft .« » ^' ;;; ;:'; ,> *?^■^•_^,V»l.:l^.L.'^r■«•l;■■''•''■"•*•■" •*-■■■ ■ ■'■t .'^^.f-*- ' yii^iilult Kivpr. Arrh Koric, 82 feet. !».» f^pf I'oini Orfiivillo, Nortii, Hj miles. "^ Aw n ►■/ t--'-^A ^ M»..n«i*ir.rKj;'irJrw4«^ l.aml liryoiiil I'oinl (imivillp. >lwii|iio RiiiiKe. ■,*-'-i. . «tf llja>.aVi>wit>^rto^iw^^.^^^^ gi ()giMPT «gSg?i ii'i.v ' k WilliiiiKhl) I k f'i If i II .r; : 1^*1 Mm ■ H II : U i ; il ijl CaiM- Sliniilwalcr MHht-lmnse, ■SK. by E. i E., ei luileM. Tlip Highland NK. fmiii Cape KiNuppnimiiient ibWttfli C'lx'liiiliH Riv.T Vallf V. Oiitor buoy. \> iiiilen. ' " "^ ^ - - .- . I'..,.„ Han.,.n (,h.. „..,.„l..d ox,r,.m,..v,, KNK.. T mil... Oray'a Harbor. Thre,. vi„w., from ,„«,t,„„ 7 m,l«.. \V8W. from Point Hai.»n„. Saw-mill at r,e trees, and when viewed from oil the bar it shows only the western summit with a clump of trees on thti m>rtlnve.st Hifle. It does not show very miu-h over the I'oint I'.rown I'eniiisuhi liTie of forest trees, and is below the ilistaut line of the Olympus .'Nlounlaius. It is jprobably about four hundred feet high, and would be im'oiispu'uous but for the ffcncially low and level character of all the country about (ira,\ 's Harbor. This is not the Saddle Hill of Meares. lie saw a iiromiiuMit hill of that charaiiter when he was in the vicinil.N of I >estiuction lsl,i,:d, althou^;li he erroneously places it in latitude ID'' IW. When a vt'sscl i.-- olV the bar the " Ulack Hills" near (.)lynipia slu>w over the depression niarkin;,MheChchaIis \'allcy; and thesnow clad summit of Mcaint liainier, if the wi-ather is clear, is then seen Just lui the south limit of the lllack Hills and ovei' the wooded low hills around the bay. The nuuiiitain is fourteen thousand lour hundii'd and forty four feet in elevatnm and lies niiu'ty seven miles north seventy de;; s east (N. To Vl.) from Point ISrovvn. It' there vver(> no intervening nutuntains Rainier wouM be visible at one hundred and thirty eight miles on the hori/on. The tir-it notice we have ot' this m(Mintain beiii;.' seen from Shoalvvater entrance is from the V . S. ('oast Survey brig Fninilli roi/ when she lay oil the b:u in IStiO. An examination of Vancouver's naiative shows that he saw it wheu oil' this part of the Coast on his liist rctuia 8ar liuov. I'liiiit Iliinsiiii. —Thi' entrance to the bay is formed by I'oint llan.son on the south, ami Point I'.rown on the north. Iletween the points the breadth of tln^ water-way is one ami two-thirds nnles. but the channel ilocs not occupy (Mie half of this width. Point llaTison is l()vv ami sandy, and is destitute of trees liu' about two miles south of the entrance. It is the northern termina- tion of tlie peninsula which is four and a half miles long, with an averagt' breadth of a little more than one mile. Although much shorter than the peninsula of Shoalvvater Hay, its ending towards the eiiliance of the, bay is very much like that of l.cadlielter Point. The ocean shore of the point is coinparatively regular, but the bay slnuc is irregular ami marked by long, low, sandy arms siietcliing to the eastward. The aand is driltcil in ridges and irregular dunes by every strong wind. Ill ISU the interior of the i)oint was marshy. When^ the trees begin they are scattered ami irregular, and there arcv large areas of liiirnt forest where the trunks of the trees show bare. When tim wooded extremity of the point bears mntheast a black object shows a little to the left, ol tli(» treeH. This is a lionsn on the long narrow sand .spit dragged in fnnu J^)illt Hanson. At the northeriiniost point of the forest and overlooking tln^ marsh tlii're is a small rise in the sand i;l>I1 r c. .n 4SL> I'Anric roAsr ni.nr. ! 'jf ■t.( i ) 3 . < ^^^i ,41 1 :|^'* (liincs wliicli llic riiitcil Stales K\|ilniiii;.' I'.Npcililion dcsiijiiiidMl "!)•• Iliivcii's KikiH licrc tli.it llic Coast Smvr.v Iiail llu' sccmi(lai> aslniiHtiiiical stalimi in \SiV2. 'I'lif ;;i'(>;;raiiliiral itositioii of tliis astioiiitiiiifal .station on I'oint Hanson is: "111 ii i< l.aliliiili' I.< iliiili' I >i'. III tinir 111 r.i. I'J 'J I'.'i I'l. 1-.' :i ll." •,'!. .S. Min.il On tlu' 1st of .lannaiv, 1SS.'», tin' inaunt'tic variation was '_".' ininntr. I'liint llniint. — 'I'liis is tiir north point of llic cntranci' to (Ira.N's llaihor. it is u j.i; l)»'a<'li witli a nioiii-ratvly rt';;nlar sea front, iml lMol»('n In loni,' sand aims on llic liav siili suixry of IS.'iL' it WMs cut lliron;{'li li\ tiio sea, ami the ('vlrcinc poiiil was linn I'liiiiiil in, |;||| liirlMis III till Ishi Itiit tills Int'ak lias lirfii closi-il ami lln |)oiiif now oi'iii|ii('s till' old |iiisiiiiin III' ll he -I'liljiiiii pail uf I'.ld Islanil. In ISll I'M Island was a sandy island of diiiics, wiili j;iass cm, im;; n,, li'Vf! parts. 'I'lic iircscnt forination of Point I'lfown is very similar to tliat of I'oint Hanson ah.ltntln points at Slioalwatir l>ay entrance. I'luin llit' seaward luaeli totheliav lieaeli ihc wiilih nf ilu point " illi ils arms, and the width of the peniiisnla lor its len;;lli of si\ and a hall iii;li".. ivri.i;:i one mile. 'I'fe ;:eneral direction of the peniiisnla is iiorlhwest liy north froiii I'oiiii i;r< if ll U ll hay shore IS covered with lir and the onier shore is the lie^iiiiiiii;,' ol iliesaml.v «a>le>ii(h hi'lice to the ( 'ii|ialis l'i\cr. lietwceii the foi'<-sl and this waste there is a lai-;;c pdiid .i i i;; ,, and niilsidi'of that the sand is covered with coarse lieacli i;rass and stunted lupin luisln-. ; ,| im il\ cut np liy the tracks of Ihmis, confiars, wol\ cs, elk, «'f(i. The direi;lii)n of ihi'onici lin' .■ iji,. forest, the pond, and the lines of sand dunes indicate clearly the |irevailiiii;' wind ii> lir in, in the west iioi thwi'st. When the point is .seen from the sonthwestward, at seven oi i i-hi iiiil,.^ ilistaiice, it shows as a low, sandy point projected upon the tlist.int low, wooded cuiiiti, in ilic noi'theast part of the liay. A short distance to the northward the darker line of Mr liiis mi ||||. point show s ipiite ]ilaiiil\ a^'aiiist the distant woimIsoii the larther side of thcliay. A siii::l, ,i|.ii|, tree stands out fiom the southern extremity of the forest line on the point. Indci il ;,il, ii,,' line are seen the sand dunes strcicliiii;j far to the northward. The sonthern |iail of I'oint I'.rown hears noitli I wi-nty seven de;;rees wesi (N.'„T \\ .,ii>i,iiii thirtyseven and a half miles from the North Head of Cape |)isap|ioiiitnient. It is niidcrstood that a la}::ht house is to he Iniilt near the soiiihcin extremity of lli, iii-^ ,,ii roiiit riiiiwn. Points Pii'ow 11 and Hanson ar*> lioth liroad and roniidin^% iiiit the ;;eneral dirccii ,i ili,- former from Point Hanson, at the narrowest pari of the I'lilram-e, is north Ihirly live deL;iri •^ \w ~t (■ W. d the distancea lltHe over one Mild a half miles. The tr ami dislaiir, In u the wooded extremities of the two points me iiiiilhwist half north (NW. \ N.) lliiee ami ,i Imlt When a M'sstd is oil the entrance, am lit I wo inilcs oniside the < )nler l',iio\ , ll extremities of these points show only as faint lines. When the witi it lie to the mil til ward, over the sandy part of the point. The trees on Point Haii.soii arc ,'-,'ini»li:ii seattcri'd a short distance to the ri;,'lit, and tlir()iij:li ipiite a break in the frees still laiilin t,,tli, id steam fi'oin tlit^ saw inlll ol the town of Laidlaw in the ."^iimiIi r„i\. Point lirow n is m, li luiuli' til tree staialiliu oiil l! 'Ml llir ,'ht i s seen the smoke l"ar to the south and to the north the line of the coast is ipiite low out bv the dark trees over the white sand dunes, and with the ■;t. P.ctv the Cliehalis vallev and Point P.rowii is seen the linj^ht clitVof II IM, l>, 1,11,1'Jl' ,1 IIm Mull IJlnir. which is eiy:lily feet liicli, and Ned's Kocks which lie close oil the eastern end ,,i Far to the northward of Point Prown, over the trees of the peninsula, rises .SiiiMIc II that diri'ction on clear da.\s is .seen the ()lynii>iisran^'e of inounlains lisinjj; above all the iniirMiiiii;; low country. Ihscriiitiiiii of tlir /.V(_i/.— Inside the entrance Cray's Harbor cxpamls in the form of an imiumImi triaiiKh', wi'h the apex at the month of the Cliidialis Piver, thirteen and a half miles n-i tin i>i by east (loni the entrance, and the ba.sc, towarils the coast, thirteen miles lon^r nortliv ,-l ami .southeast. Inside of the .southern i>eninsiila terininatiii}; in Point Hanson the buy vii,i,|ii.^ ine;,'nlaHy to the .southeast, forming tli'Snulh Ha;/ ; the head of this jiart of the bay from Point Hanson at Hie month of Klk River,* which is a short stream. There isa nainiw IS six llllll'- llllll'l 111,' .Siiiiiiii liili't III' Ihr I'. S, |-;xiilciriii;,' lApcc hti Irll. Mioll," jiiil ii 1^ 'iiiiiii.il iiii'ri'iisc is II I.PI1-, v:iiiilv ':i> sill... Ill III,. I I'Mllll'l i<\ {'.III mI I lie ...lillii 111 IS> (•(l\,.i III;; III, 1I>C1|| .ll,,l til llir lllr Wllllil nt III,. I' miles. .i\ri;l^i> nil I'.ruHii, ■|'|||. Wllsli' >licli li;ii;' ))n||c| "I I.C'diiii, I'llslii'^, ,.i| III, il\ "UliT liiH .1, III,' " ilid III 111- rn.iii I'M III' ciijlii null's il I'liillili'. Ill ihi' 111' lir I lri'> nil III,' A Mll^ii .ll.lll, lili'l' llii' iijik Mil' <'.L'7 W ..il>l.iiil lly III' llii' ' l^l■^ nil 111 ilircci ii'ii III ilii' li\ r ili'i;lri'S ui->l ill.>laiu-i lirlwii'ii .) Ilirci' ami .1 hull V r.iiiis . lii'' -..iinh I 111' I'miil ll.iii^iiii ills liivci i> M'l 11 ;i isDii HIT M'liK'wlial .still fiirlliii hi till' ill till' SiHiili r.'i\. row II is ui II iii.iili' iiliiifi' Dili II '111 ilii' IVOI' I'.IMil I.UI' II <'iiil III ilii' Mull ;;i lll.L .'111! Ii> nil till' iiiiriAi'iiiii;: iriii I!'.' an niruiiliii ilf null's iii'!!lir'i>i •II;,' iiiirlli" 'I :iiiil the Im\ -Ii' li'lii'^ lie li;iy is ,-i\ iiiili"^ s;i iiiirro"' 1 n.iiiiii'i I'At'lKK; C'OA.ST l'l!-()T. 4,S3 •jiniiiU iiboiit iiiiif I'ci't of wiilcr tliroiinli tlic iiiiiil Hals id' Sdiitli Miiy lor tliioti iiiul a lialf mil OH. liisiili'or tilt- iiorllicrii pi'iiiiisiila trriiiinatiii; Point IWowii is the Xorlli A ay, wli it'll lias ii liiciultli of (ivr miles cast anil west. Into it empty .several small .streams, and a moderately lai'(,'c liver willed the Iliimiitoliips. The North l!ay is mostly oeeiipied by mnd tlal.s, throii;;h wliidi run iliiee or I'oiir channels earryiii},' ei^lit to twelve I'eet as far us aiireast of Ned's Koeks. The. mild Hats an^ so extensive, mid the mini .so .soft in many places, that it is impossible, to reach tho >iion' except at hi^^ll tides. Six miles inside the entrance the bay eoiitnicts to three and a half miles in width between Sicains liliilf on the south side and ItrackenridK*' IJlnil'on the north side; llience eastward to tho illi III' the Chchalis Itiverthe contraction is ^'radiial. I'.y meiisiircment we find Hint more than iiinetcnths of (Iray's ll.irbor is bare at low water, ;iiid there are no islands in the broad part of the bay. Inside of the entrances the area of the surface id" the water bounded by the Hats bare at low tide is only lour and a half siiiiare miles. This will fiive 11 fair idea of the extent of the harbor as such. The -ireatcst di ptli in this area Is i'i;;lity feet, but that is in the main channel way. Tliroii;;h the Hats lyiii},' between tlii.s available s|iacc and the Chchalis lliver run two ehaiiiiels to the castnortheast. The, northern «!hiiiinel I'limmcnces at 11 point two miles east by north from I'oint I'.rown with live and six fathoms of water and runs midway tlirou^'h thi' bay '.letween Stearns I'lliilf and I>iackciuid};e lilulV, when it gradually trends northeastward to the northern shore; but the depth is decreased bj- it dividiii}; into two channels, one stretehiiiK' to the east under the southern shore; both these .'!Ubilivisioii8 ai;aiu,joiii at the inoiith of the river. The southcin cliaiiiicl starts from the same jiositiou as tin? niiithcrii, but runs nearly direct for the north side of Stearns l!Iul1'and I oiiows close niK (ler till siii'iherii slioi'O and finally runs into the south branch of the northern chaiiiiel. This .southern rlianiiel is narrow, badly (le\ eloped at the month, and carries less than ten feet of water to the iifoiilli of the river, The shores of the bay are heavily forested, the lands are low, and the banks are marshy in Miaiiy iilaees. A few notable bliill's rise but a few feet above the waters of the bay. Inside the riiiiaiice the first noiiceable point is Sliiirits IHiill* on the south side of the bay. It lies six mile.s itli sixty decrees east (N. (HP I].) from I'oint Hanson; it is ,'litly iirojectiiif; bliilf covered Willi trees. It is the western termination of I'oilean Mill,* which lies two or three miles to tlu^ eastward. To the east and to the west the shore is low but wooded. The south channel riiii.s I'liise under the bliilV. lU-iiHiiuiiliic l!liijf\s the shore 011 the north side of the bay, three and a half miles north thirty ilc^recs west (N. ;!(l \N .) from Stearns liliilf. The southern jioint id' the blulV lies six and a half miles north forty one dejjiees east (N. H'^ K.) from Point Jircwn ; but it stretiihos two miles far- ther to the east iiorlhi'ast, and one mile fartlu'r to the west where it is broken, briy;lit, and visible Iriim outside the bar. The height of two distinct parts of the bliilf, two thirds of a mile a|)art, is eighty feet. .M'Icr stretching' to the eastiiortheast for two miles the bliilf leaves the iiiimediate shoreline and coiiliniies inside the bordering low lands for two miles faither to the lioqiiiamts IIiM'rat two miles from its iiioiilli. There is no liinh country behind it. There is no channel near this north shore: nothiiitc but broad mud Hats. I'oiiil Xric. — This is a low, marshy point covered with forest and forming' the western ex. ticmity of the line of the l>i'ackeiiridy;e Pdiin'. It lies live and tliree-<|"i'iters miles north thirty- Iwo dc^ri'es east (N. .'{'2 K.) from Point I'.rown. It is marked by XciVk A'wAw,* which arc three M'ly small islets, about lil'ty feet hi^di, with I'cddish sides, l.viii^' <'losc under the point. They are not visible from outside the bar, but the liri},dit elill's of I>rackenrid;;e P.liirt' are visible and an! generally calleil Ned's Ivotdvs. There is the head of a small channel reaching' to the west side of these rocks. There are several rivers emplyint,' into (Iray's Harbor. In the North I>ay, between Point New and Point lirowii, then? enter three small streams of moderate size. One mile north of Point New is the mouth of the Ti/pni) ('nek, which is not live miles Ion;;. The channel leadinji; past Ned's Kocks comes fi'oin the inoiith of this stream. Two and a half miles northnorthwest from Point New is the month of a smaller stream called lli(^ ( 'hiiiois Creek, from which leads a ver.\ small channel tliron;,'li the mnd Hats. The principal stream in the North Hay is the lliuiiptoliiihs liii'vr,\ which enters at three and a m ' So iiiiiiiPtl li.v ttir I!. S. F.xiiloiiiiK I'lxiHMlilioii in IH-tl. rriii) Kooiii-toh'-liiiiNli (it'llio Clii'liulU hiiliaiiH. VM 181 rAciiir (itAsr I'li.nr tf: M ^ (|iiarl«r Miilfs iHUlliWfsl oiu' (|ii;irl« r west rioiii rolni Nc«. 'I'liis sti<'iiin is iiliniil I Uu\ii :iliil lu'iuls in tlit> soiitlii-lli |);iil of llic;jrriil iiioiltiliiiti jikm nt' ( )l\ inpiis. lis p. tidii is soiilli. 'riicif is a (iiiniiirl liom it llir«iii;;li tin- iiuiii Hals, 'rwooliici \ci\ Ciller the Noilli I'.av. ^'"■"■\ mill i-lri-l I'Mlcr till' iiortli slioii' ol'drav's llaiiior, six iiiil<'> casiwaKl ol I'dint Ni '«. IS I I' ' IllMIICf 1,1 in-: tin- //.l«/»/■((»)^v, wlmsc liratlwalcis arc very near tlinsc uf llic I liiiii|ili>lii|is, iiinjci ilic il ml, liills III' tlic < )l,\ iii|iiiN Miiiintains, '/■//( ('liiliiilis Ixiri}-. — Tliis is ilic iniiicipal livcr ciitcriii^riia\'s llariior. It is a l:ii:;r sHvim line liiiiidicd ami lliirt\ miles in leiij;! Ii, diainin;.' a \er\ laiyc area til' ((iiintrN t" tlic easivMinl ;„ lar as the tlaiikin^' liills of the Taseatle ranjje. One laijie liranel , I'.IK Creel,, timis li;ii I, \m\„ westwaitl towarils the small streams innninj; iiito Slioahvaler Itav. The lilaeU Kim i ihmimIi reaches towards l'n;,'et Sdiiiid. The Salsop heads towards the ;;reat licml of IIimmI's (';iii;i| another liraneh Irom the noith opens into the 4 'hehalis ahieast Montesano; and W'iNhKahl Ihvn* It 1 1)11 the north enters a I tout tlirt'c i|iiarleis of a mile inside the nionth of the ( 'helm I i-. The Cliehalis itsell' is navitfitcd to Montcsaim, tweiitytivc miles fiom the eiitrame i<> ihi' I,;,, "I i'ii!\ sK at the head ot' tide \vatev, Itiit it call lie inailc iiavi^'alile iniieh hiijhcr. In iSM4 a depth teet could he cariicil to the month of the river. Tlie river drains eomparati\-el\ Jim ]\ connti,\, liea\il\ t'iMestcd with spruce, lir, and cedar, l)iit dotted 1i,v nian> small prairies ;iiii| ridi liottom lamls. Claipialo, Sharon, I'.lina, New Miintesaiio, and ('osniopolis are the prinei|i;il tnwus on the ii\('r. The immense I'orcsls lia\e led to the estaliiishiiMMit of several Iaif.'e saw mills on tln' h l> Mini rivers, and the aj:! ieiillnral and dairy ad\aiitaj;es have I'avoreil the new towns. The oM i.umihI Montesaiio is on I he left lianU of the ri\ er, opjiosile the month of the Wviiooche. \\ lieie a -,i\\ mi!! was linlll in 1>>7'> or IS7I. The ]iresetit population is ahont one hiindreil ami lil'lv. ilejiiiiil ijir town there is a line of hi^rher {.'ro'iiid, and the liliiIVs reach the liank of the river. 'I'lie Il^Ii ImiIi] liehind these apjicars In he alioiit the position of the " Uoston Hills" of the I'liitcd Sialic l!\|i|iii ill;; l'".\peditioii. ISll. The new town of Montesaiio is on the i i;;lit hank of the river, ahoiil mit' mili' al)o\e the old town. It is not on th.> immediate hank, which is low, swiimpv, and sumii'IIiih'. ovcrllowcd, Init on the hi^^lier land one thousand vards hack, and an elevated trestle re.nl li^d. fidiii the loun to liver, where steanicrs fion< Astoria, drawiii;,' niin! to ten feet of walei. I, mil ii the wharf at tin' end of the road. There is no olistriictioii to iiavi^^alion except soine linikin Mia;;s. The place contains some line liiiildiii;;s and has a population of alioiit live liiimlnil. Ciisinopolis is on the south hank of the river, three miles inside tlu^ mouth and lilin m iiiili- from the cnlrance to the hay. Il has ahout thirty liuildinj,'s, anion}; which is a line Imii 1. mimI a piipnlalion of alunit two hundred. .\t the jiiiietion of the Wishkahl iiivc'' is the town of Aberdeen, thirteen and a hull iiiili> frtim the entrance, with three saw-mills, a tish caiiin'rv. etc., and a population of ahnni tlnci hundred. The NNishkahl is lepoited na\i;;al)le for small sleainhoats Cor tifteen to t \\(iii\ iiiili's At the mouth of the lloipiiamts Kiver is the town of lloipiiam on the ri;;lit hank ol tliiiivii and eleven miles from the enliance to the liay ; it has a population of two hundred and lili\,,iihl the Simpson .saw mill is lo<'ated here. In IStJS a freshet tide rose ten iW\ ahove the IiI^Im -t tiihil marks up to that time in this vicinity. There is a sawmill at the town of Laidlaw in South l>a\, four miles froiii thi' ciiImih i , awl when a vessel is olV the bar the smoke and steam of tlie mill are distinctly visible mar Ihr MUiili part of the scattered trees on thi' south peninsula. At the mouth of the .lohiTs Kivi r. »li;rl> emjitics into the bay altoiit one mile south of Stearns ItliitV Point, there is the town of M.i iMiuiii. I>ay <'ity is a small place on the east side of South Uay, iyinj,' nc.riy east of roiiit. llall^.•li. The •'City of (;.-..y's Harbor" is located on the north shore tif the bay about one aii.l i qiMi ter miles cast of I'.raekeiirid;;!' Illull'. A new town site has been cleared of timber, and a aiVAt wharf is beiii;,' built diieeil\ s ii southeast for more tlian one mile from the Khore over the broad Hals to deep water atllii' main channel. The cit v is to be the center of an extensive lumber tiallie, and the Tacoiiia, 0!\ ini'ii. and ("hehalis Vallev Itailroad is to follow the ri rht bank of the « 'hehalis for about seveiii\ iiiili'> to the town of Ceiitralia (a few miles .south of (Hyinpia), and there connect with the N.'itliiin I'ae.ilic, to Tacoina. •Iliiiuli kalil iifllir ChilMliM ImliiniH. Itnlll |urL.\ mil,.. Its ;,'l'lll'l.ll ,|j||.,. \rr\ Mil ill crccU IS III. riili.iii,.,. ,,| llllrl III!' Il||||,|||n is ;i l:|l-r sIliMlii. Ill lilt' CIvlWllllj ;|v lllllis l.;l. I |,, III, llfk KlM'l iir.ilH.Ji III' I liimrs (';|ii;i|; Wi.sliKMliI llmr ii'liiili-. itlMliri' III llic li:n. I ilrjilli 111' ii|il\ sl\ MM I !Vcl,\ lii« luii^ II jiiailirs ;iiii| Mil, lit' pi illcM|i;i| liiwii, ills till llir l>;i\ ;i|ii| i. 'I'll!' nlcj |ii»|| III t', wlit'ii' :i SM\\ mill lil'lv. Ili'liiml ilii' IT. 'I'll!' Iiil;Ii liiiiil iti'il S(;ilr^ r.\|i|iii ViT, illinlll iilii' mill' ipv, mill siMuilnni- il Iri'sllf rii.iil liM.I. t tif Willrl. lilllil M 'Xri'pt MilIM' lilnkrli fivf liuiiilii'il. til llllll liHirll lllllr< S a llllr lliitrl. llllll .1 'I'll illlil ■,\ li:ill IMlli"' Itiii!) Ill' mI'iiiiI tlllli 'I'll III t \\iiii\ inili'^ it liaiik III liir invi 'Itlrcii iiiiil li^l^, iiinl vc till' liiulii-l liiliil 111 tlit^ t'litr.iiiii'. .inil silili' iit'iir till' siiiiili liilin's i;i\i I. "Iiiili ttiwii of M,iiKli;iin. I'liillt, II:lli-'"i. mil out' :iii qiin built lMn|iM. ilmiil si'Vi'iiiv iiiili'> with llie Ni'illii'i'i rAciiic ctiAsr I'li.oT. ■W Tilt' «'|ii'lia!is li'ivtT is partly in tlic Uiiilt'tl Statt's iiillt'ctiiiii (li.stiif.t til' <)i<';;iiii, aiitl partly III lliat III" l'ii;;i'l Stiiiiitl. Asltnia, Oit';;(iii, anil I'lut Towii.scnil, Wash., arc tlifpurlNiiC t-iitry. A cDaHtiti!,' stt'aiiicr plii'.s icj^iilarlv Iriiin I'ttrllainl anil Astoria to Mi>iit<'.saiio. ll\ IHJntii; AI'IIV (If Till', AI'!'l!(lAriIi;s Til »ll!AV'.'< IIAIilKlK ANli AID.S I'll N A VIlJ ATION. 'fill' tliri'i' latlioni lint* mitsiilt' tlic I'litiiinfc In Hit' liay is a littlr iiiorr tlian llirci' iiiilfs oiilsiile till' ;;i'ni'ial Irctnl ot'tlif oi'i-an slinif soiiili anil imrtli, anil t'oiiiis a lioisi'sliiu' I'lirvf nl' heavy liieakei's aioiinil the eiitiance. The tt'iilalhoiii ciirvc Is alioiil t wo Ihiiils nl a mile outside the iliieelatlioiii curve, itnii the liottoin is line (;niy iinil lihick .•illon The littoral eiirreiit oil the entraiiee to dray's Ilarlitiris to the northwaril parallel with the siniit'. In 18110, when the Siiiv e\ in;: l>ri;; I'liiinllninj was a mile oiilsiilc the bar. the current was iiiiinIii;; to the iioithwaid alunit one and a half miles per hour, and when anchored on the bar the. beiiiTcnt from the bi ruck this litliiial ciiiieiil and the whole both of water set to tin llllll h ward at a rale of two and a i| nailer in lies per hour. '1 his e.\| eiitiice agreed w iili previous icpiii'ts and has lieeii t'onlirmed by siibseipieiil obsei \ alioiis. (See Hole rialcr < 'iipalis Ki\ I'rof llM^ iiirreiit carr.\in^' part of the wreck of the Ihiicral Watrcn to the iiinlh.) Vancouver foil ml ii current in this \ icinit,\ rnnniii}; to the iiorlhward ; Tcbenkolf has the same intlicateil on his chart. in l.S.S.'i there was a ileptli ot twelve feet of water on the bar which was tliieo and onchalf miles south .southwest (.SSW.) from Point r>row'n. and llirce miles wt'st. southwest (\VS\V.) from the main beach at I'oiiil llansini, the extreme point of which bolt' northeast by east (NI*). by M.). In .Inly, IJS.ST, there was a depth ot eighteen feet of water on the bar almost exactly where the liar was in l.S,S.">. In .liiiic, 1S,S7,|Ik' dcjitli of waleriiii the bar liati increased toeiy:litcen feet very nearly wherti the channel hail been from IS.s:!. As the buoys aiesiibjeet to cliaii};'!' of position to inarkchanKe.s III the channel and bar, nininiivrn sIidiiIiI mil ullrwjit la rrnxs lltr bur antl inter irilliniil a pilot. 'I'liere i.s an automalii; whistling liuo\ mitside the bar; an iiiiur bar />h«i/, lirst class nun, painteil with black and white perpeiidicuhir stripes; clianiiel biioysoii lioth sides, when necessary, second I'lass can- biio.\s; and inside cliaiiiicl buo>s, third t-lass iiiiiiduioys. WIIISTI.INd lUdY. A siTniidiliiss luitomiilic irln^diini biinji, painted red and iiiarked (MJA'^VS IIAIM.OU i > te lilli'i'.--. has been placed in the a|ipriiaches to this bay. It lies in twelve fathoms of watt .'r sandy Imttoiii, one iiiile iiulslile the bar al I lie entrance. The liiioy is soiiiided by the ac^ .i of the water and ,i;i\t's Ivveiily or tliiily bjasls lacli iciimte. The foll'iwiii^ approxiiiialc bcaiin;is a;'d tlistances to noticeable objects locate its present position : Mili'i ollt iiv f.i"i 11(1' lire 111! riiiiil I'liuw n i.Ni'i 111 riiiiii >. MO. Ii\ \. JN. This tree is one niili^ inside the outer beach ol the Point. lions I'l IIjiimii illllirs I'nilil Clii-li.'lliMl, M-;. Ir 1 1'.. This lioiise is one and three eighths miles inside Hie outer oi ocean beach. Niii'ili lilllil III' I'nrisl nil i'nilil llaii.siiii, .M'). Iiv K. i K i; liiiiii' I'lur liiiiij , NK. liv \'. ('a|M' SliiijhMilir l.i^lit-liuiisr, SI!. ; I'. I:! This buoy was put in position .Inly, I8.S.S, and lakes the iilace '."<7). It was placetl in twt'iity ci^ht feet of water ami lay one and one-third miles iiuitheast tlirt'e t'oiirths ncrlli {"SE. ;,' N.) from the oiitsiile bar buoy. It is passetl elo.se on either liaiiil. The Xiirth llretil^eis lUwfi is a Jirsl rluss nnn bniii/, piiiiited lilarl;, nuwhereiJ 1 ; it is placed inside the liar on the north side of ihe cliaiincl close under the 'NoriJi breakers. In l.^S.'") it was lyiii^ ill thirty-four I'eet of water, o\er a hard, sandy bottom one and uiie-hatf miles northeast by I:t! m '*i i■ .f I :li KU m ''i v-ij ' 1 ■ ^** if « ■IHd rACIKIC CKAST ni.iiT. iiiiiili (NK. Itv N.) I'nuM tlif Iiiiit'i Inn Imiov. It is parsed mi tin- ixnt liiiml. This 1iiiiitsii|)< \\n- ciitraiu'c liclwcni lltr two imiiils nf tin- I'liaiiiicl, wlin I, »;^^ n,,., Diilv tliict' t'l^lillis III' a iiiilt' w jili' lictwi'i'ii till- tiiit'c latiinni riir\r.s, ami was rli I'Ditlt. use llliilri i :,v Simii Till ('liiiniii I Hiiiiji. — This is n Mnond rlnss nun 11111111, jinintiil liliu I, mnl niimlnriil ',',. j ill till' rliaiiiirl ill lilt.N Icrl iil' wati'i. i>\ t r a liolliiin nl liiii' ;;ta\i'l ami .slit>||,s. This I miU's wi'.vt out' liall mhiiIi (W. .\ S.) innii tlir Iioiim'oii thf ra.stnii part of I'oint llai (■■<;litlis ot a mill- iVoiii tlit* iirari'st licarli on thai lusiriii};. IM.irn l>OI . lllll AW Tliri'f art' stroll;: ciiiiriit 01 liilf ii|is iiiulfr tlu* ninth siih' of thf t'liaiiml jiist ciilraiirf '/'/(' Wliiliiiiiih riiils Hiiiii/. — This is a IliinI (lass nun Imoy. jniintiil nil nml mm In I U plai'i'il iiisiili- till' t'liliamr, 111 tlnilK'H li'cl ol walci. oxci ;:ia\ saml on tlii' iiorthvMsl lunj ul ih, liist Mats insiilt' w liirli air hail- al low watri ; ami it iiiai ks t lie soul hrastii 11 sitlr ol tlii' .i|'{iiiMih to till' main cliaiiml hrnrr to lloi|iiiaiii, Aliciih-t'ii, ami thr imniili ot th<' <'liclialis Umi In. hi I.SS7. it was loratfil one ami livf fi^ihlhs miles iiisiili' tin- fiitiaiicc, anil I'loiii it tin- SiiIimiv li , of Point I'lrown lioir north siMytoin ilt';:i)'('s wrsl (N. id W'.), ilistaiit two ami oin' <|ii.ini'i mill's, ami the lloiisi' on roint llansuii south thirc i|iiai'ti'rs cast (S. ;{ I''..), distant oin iimI mu iiuailri niilrs. Ill .liih , 1S>»7, a liisl rlnss run huoii nuiulninl \ hail ililltril noitliwcsl w aril to il II' piilri 1 1| ol thr liirakt'is iiist to thr iiorthwi'stNNai'il of thr liai. It w as in fiuir fathitins ol waiii. |tl|„|^ not lirloii;; to the Kyslriii ot l)ilo.\s. Thf liifiiilth of thf thiff fallioin <'haiiii«-l at Whitnunl) l''lats liuo,\ in IS.S'l was ,ili"iii ii\i. f i;:hths of a milf with a ili'|ith ot littv ti\f Iff! in mid fhaniifl wrst ot' thf l)a,\, ami tin miIi'^m thf Mats arc stfi'|i to and half at low watf r. Iiisidf of the \\ hitcouil) l''lals r>mi,\ thiTi' w.i snn" (if tiv4> llfafoiis paiiitfil lilack 01 ifd lomaik thf rhaiiiifl lorthf iifxt twchc milfs in llni|in,iii and Alifiilffii. Thf UiioN list. |iiililishfd ill OftoluT of fVfr\ vcar, jiivfs thf locatiiiii ( hf liiiuxs mili,' approafhfs to thf lia\ and in thf fhaniifls. In a toiiiifr fdilioii Wf lia\f nivt'ii thf dftails of ihf fhaii{,'fs of thf har from kimun >iini',\.s Imt ii is not I'oiisidfrfd fs.sfiitial to a^^aiii rffer to thfiii. 'iidi s — 'I'lif < 'iiiii'i'tfd llstalilishnif III, 01 iiifaii intfival liftwfcn thf limi' oj ihr Miiciir> iiiiiiiliaii liaiisit and the liiiif of hi;;h watfi', is \ll'' .'!.'!, and thf nif.iii dilVfifiirf liftwnh iIh- a. 111. and p. m. tidi's of thf saiiu- day is 1'' ti7' for hi;;h ^^atl•|■ and il ilir a. 111. a;al p. in. tides of thf same tlay is one ami oat- hall fift hu' hinh watfr and two .nni >im!, tfiitlis left ior low witfr; wlifii thf Mtxin's tlffliuatinn is fiifatt'st thf.sf ditlereiiefs aie Iwn iimI two tenths flit 'tir lii;,di water aiitl four and one tenth feet for low water. The aveia;;!' (lilU'in ■ in liei;;ht littweeii thf hi};lifr hi};h and thf lowfr low watt-rs of the saiiif tlay is ei;;liT li. 1 . ;iiiil ihfii thf Moon's tieelinatioii is ^iicatfst, nine ffef. Thf lii;.'liest hi-h tide in the twfiity ftmr litiurs tiecuis 11'' ;i!» altt-r thf Moon's ii| lel tl.lli-ll oiilhinu) when the .'\Iooirs deeliiiation is north; and aluait IT Itffoif that tiaiisil win n tin tieeliiialioii is south. The lowest low water oceiiis alioiit .sfveii lioiiis aftfr the hi;;lifst hi,i;li ".ilii In 1.S.SI the hytlro^raphie exainiinilitdi reports the winter tides at I'oint Hanson inv. lijini. ffff aliovf the plaiif of referencf of thf Coast Siirvfy. This must eviilfiitly he iiinlei . nniii stanees ot heaw soiitlierlv wcathfi and freshets in thf rivers. hill Ciiliniiliui. II iliay's llailior was tli.setivereil l.y ('apt. Iftiltert (ira.v, of the Anieriean shi| .May. 17!tL'. and was nametl l.y him Hiiirmeh [laihoi. after one of the owners of his \.'>-.i l;i Oetolierof the .same yt-ar it was siirvfyt'd. niitlfrtlif tliifftion 01 Vaiietaiver, l.y l,ien(fiian' WM Ley, in tin- store-ship IhnlnlKs. He fiist sent in his l.oats and then erossetl the liai uliin' fathoms, with the el. I. enirent rnnniiiK .'\ \\,is n,,, l'''li>"i . ilhi ,n,, '■I IIISl liMll.. ■„, llnilllt If! \ ll :, ll»f>t lllllll III I|„, "' I'll' ■IM'I'Mli, Ikivci. III. In . tlu- Sol 1 1, in I; , anil iiiir i|ii.|ii|., •lilt Ullc .111,1 ,„|| 111 lllf cull I i,|_, <|| "iilci. |r ,|,„, *•' w;is iilhiiii in,. \ . :iImI III, Hiirs IM ll.\ tlll'lr I- ,1 >| ];i.- niilfs III lln,|iii,iii ln' 1h|(I\> 111 ill,. III! kllllW II ~i|| M.\,,, iiiic (pI liii ^i,l,l|,■,, ICIIIT llcl »| I II III,. water. \\ iirl. llir -"•' 111! i"\\ U.liil IH-t' ill lirli;lil III ||||. mil two .iiiil mmii rniri'N iiir fMii ihil a\ria;,'c ilillcii ill' i.s «'l;;lil tin ; ;i|ii| Oli'.s l||l{>l'l ll.lli-ll t traii.^ii ulirii ilii' ij^lll'.St lll.ull U.ll|.|. laii.sDii fii^i' lii'i'fii Ih' llllllrl I Ilrlili. .sllip ('ulnirihlil. II nC lii.s \ r^s, I 111 I.li'lltciiai;' \\ lilil ll till' li.il h :|ilir allli(ili;;li tl:,. sliiji '.ira.v'.s II lllllll. Ill it i.s calli'il Uliiil 'Diiiiiiaiiili'.' Ill till' I'M'. liiriiiiLr I'^i" ■liiii'ii O tllO IIM'I «ll»ll cxaiiiiiu'd at that tinir (u a.s Car a.s ttif Sarlia|> Itivcr (incscnl .Sat.snp). Tlij.s liv 487 ft' wan placnl iwi'iily-niiif iiiili'.s I'loiii the innutli nl' tlir riirhiijis, njiil tliivc IVct of waliT niiild Ik- carrii'il to it. .\t Kivciilcrli mill's I'min llii> niniitli o( tiir Cliclialis wa.s |ilarnl tlii> lii;;li laiiil rxli'inlili;; iiii tin ll II liaiik III' tlir rivri' loi' hmt a iiiilr, ami iiaiiii'il tin- " llii.sliin IJiil.H Mil tlll'lr ail' III) hills that Miiiit' .111 .sliaiply on llu- livci as tiiat chail shows. Tim North Ma.y was caili'il Csrlcss I'.av. The Imliaii iiaiiic of the hoiiIIi point of the ba.v is Chchalis. Tlie.v pro inic it Ti'lif ha' lis I r 'IVi ha lis, Ihr woiil siy;iiif.\ iiiy saiiil. This iiaiiicwas applinl tothrpniiil lor some linn- wlit-n ilie eaiii)) 111 a eompaiiN iil riiiteil States soliliers was loeateil lieie in l.stil) miil reiiiaineil lit'k'eii iiioiitlis. Loeally the inner siile ot the |iiiiiil is kniiwn as I'eter.-ion's. In the lirsl ehai Is of the f'oast SiMM'.v the .soiitlu'rn point is termeil I'oinl Harrison (a eleriial error). Anion;,' the earliest -ittlers (|.s.".Jmii this leMioii it \v;i> lalleil roint .\iiiisti()ii;;. The liiiliiin name of the Uiver is Nesahips, There w«'re t'oiineily nearly a ilo/.en \ illa;;es aroiiiiil Ihe shores of the Hay. N'llvTll oi' liliW's ll.Milini:. l''rom roini llrown the .shore treiiils tioilh thirty six ile;;rees west (N. .'iii ' W.) lor twenty six ami a i|iiarter miles to I'oinl w llh in one mile of this eieek. Cintiior ('ml, is choked w ilh drift wmul as soon as the forest is reaeheil. It can liin'orded at its iiioiilh at low water in any kind of wcallicr except dniin;;' freshets. Tilt) shore Iietween I lie en I ranee to reakei's, and he is necessarily shot within three or four hn mired yards of I he lieaeh w ith \er\ hea\y lar;;('t lilies, 'i'liere arc seldom more than six or ei,i,dit of these hermit liiinlers nil the licach at one lime, and lliey are fortunate lo.seoiire live or eitjhl skins in the season. The skins are woith .'^7."i to .'jddit each. The lieaeh is hard, clean sand, aid inside of it ilicie is a continiioiis line of heavy drift Irees and lo;,'s throw n Just al)o\e oidinary hi;;h water. .\iiion slrcaiM, near tin- iiw.iitli, rormcrl.v icsiilctl Ih. ( „|,^| , tiilx' of liHlians. Irom wlioin tlic river is iiamcil. It lias \,vvu rrroi iislv <-all('«l tlii> <'Iii|mIi-. u\ rt'cciil iiiaji, and liic ("licpalis on tiir m naissancc ol i.-N7. I'or two miles iiortli of ih,- ( ,,|,,, llie .saiulv sliore line o.ntiniies, init- the land iiiimfdiatt'l.v lieiiind it ri.scs to one linndred i, , ; „ is coveii'il w illi Wood. I'liliiili . l/idil is sonlli Tort y three dej;?-ees east (S. .|:> ' K.) eleven and onecinaiter unit s fi ,., I'oint (iien\ ille and one ium three iiiiarler miles iioillnvest 1).\ north tVoin tim ( lopalh. I,'i\. i , ] IS the only roeUv poiiil heiiee to I'oinI (iienville. 1 1 is a liri;;ht iihlH risiii;;- alioni r wo hui, ;;.. feet above llie sea, and eonli:.;ies twti inil.s about one linndred and lort> feet hlj;li and om -. . bearing ,is the lieaeli from the south. The lilulV is eoiiiposed of dark ela.\ . It ean not be jias.sed Ity teams at exireine lii;.h ■ .i: III Idll^;li Weather it should be \elillired only at low water. Aloiijr ll.e beaeh in the \uinil\ of the head there are deposits of liia;;lielie iiMile i (blaek sand, iarr\inj,' line jiai I leles oi -olil. but several iiiinin^^ parties have failed to ma Im , The lieaeli is broad and rocky, and olf this lie two small rocks lixc hundred andlili, \i , fioiu till' ,' n. nieiilioiied li\ llcccia in 177."). ;nid \>\ \''.acouver who anchored directly abreast of tliein m \,'.'. It isoll lliis jioint that the di'jith of water incieases i|uile suddenly. Anil this !■- till iMilx placi' u 'u ir llii' ImlKOis riiii l:iiii| tin iMitli ilifsiirl', I'm lirri' I lir -i ;i lnrjKs iln. i . tii'iii'li 111 Hiu' lai'tJi' IiumKii : Liillpi to tin- iinilli iiml to llio soiitli, wlicrr the \\:ilri- i- -lio.il, ll»' im ;iKi i - \'. iiiit a oirai « ay t 'i'he lill,ir(il ii{, II III :iloiio this shore is to the iiorthw aid, and all drift iinilerial froin Sim i « , . Itay and < ir:i\ 's llaibor moves to ilic iiorthwanl aoamsl i lie siiininer winds. We ha\e .iIk .i<: nieiilloned t he di ill iiii; of the w reckaoe of the sle:im ship (liiinnl \VS Kjficm I'dint Creiixille. il lia-iiiH'. I), ire, sand piiunsula on the sotit.i sii.'e half a mile lon«: and al>oiil lilly .\;irds liroati ; oil ili. iiiinT side of the stream there is a brii^ht blulf reachiiio lifly feel liiyh abreast the eiitiam e, I In i. i lliret" houses )ii>l (iiiiilli of the l loiilli of tins slieaii;. 'J'liis stream is the soiilhein bound, ii\ « f the (^>iiiiiiault Indian lie.ser\ alion. It i;iii I c 'ujilm near the nioiilh at low w:iler; teams nsuall.\ cross near the sonlh end of the blul) ami |o i ■ •! ■ iiojit |i:ink niider thi' bliill to the north. The bliilV is yellowish clay. • r,./„i;,„ /.••.. H. 'I'lnsiM ( oi,n:il am! •, I'l.N . clll^.|n. im. !t i iMd |o llni l.\ In i fii t al.oi .■ t In- k.m, aii.l m 1- li.ill.-.l Hi jlHa|M>\ III.' Hitiiill Inil of II Ha oiln ImmiOi. TIh' ioc I, i< Hiirioninl. .1 l'\ liriakciN ami i ,iii In i, ;i, ) by a : 1 I.i.mKs .1 Ml, lln 1,1, ,,1, : lal t'niiii ShiMiw i:. \\ (■ li.ivc all, .n: l>lll ( lal.-.!,!! .'■^]. ;. .-•iKiiij; |ii iM.: ,., ', . f l-'!all(i \ 1^ iiiil . 11 ■ \A d "Mil ii;' • til ,ll' I'lllKll' < lit' liilli'.^ li,ii i :>'t I. .. mil I h snl,' lalis I lead aii.i i t! vill,-. It lia . il..> tliiad ; (Til 111. itii» ■ itraiicc. 'Ill' I' I. It can Ik Ii '.'1' iliiD'aiid toll. 'I.. ;; 'H : in **v-A, ari«l III I - ~ Jill r;iil l»f (fJU lit '1 "lii> |M>notlH till oil ^^ tiiMU' Il,' ;r'-'.i*i.r" «»{■«; --I,. X— -«- -.r^- ■•',^-''*'^-^' .rT^,-'-'-''»r'^-'"'i '~<- -«- s-- ■ --^■y,.^../.r^'vv-,itT.j'T Rp •'"iiieal Rock. Stmora Koef. Cape Eli/ali,.th, K. 1 S., 3 miles. StV! feet. Arc I'ditit tirciiville, K. by S. J 8*a Lion Ror.k, NW. by Split Rock 5 miles: N.. 8 miles; 15 feet. Hfi feet. 3} miles. Willoughbv Rouk, 123 feet. Arch IkIai ,<>••<'■«*> \^i!^W^^''^m%'^%< FlktHock. BaftBiTer. Arch Island, E. liy 8. i^8.,4i n<.W». 'Two Heads." SI'.'feet. Arch Kock, 82 fall. I'ditit tirciiville, K. by S. J S.,f luilen. fi? miles. Arch Isiiujd, 7 inih's. r> miles. CapeEli/.ahftli, N. liy K. * K. :t nuics. ^iTf0f^$A^fkiSiM^^,. :,, ,■• : :\ Mm Williiughhy Koi'k 1W:I l.r.I. BliJl'IJ - Split Koi'k. 85 feol. f'Hpi' K.llZHhflll. SK. i l;., lU inilvs. Si'u I, ion RkV, SK -I niilrt. i - r^r If i ■4 'W. \m \\ f s « r <'a|if Kl % JKT" Sfii l.ioii K... k. NW l.v Split Roi-k, 5 >e Elizabeth, N. by E. i E.. 3 milfH. '■ ,4 f fWfv ':>'■' :»*-^h*g^; >^^^^IM. '^*-v ! ■■^ ^ 4 l I - jui i .,, I m j^ ■ I ju -Ji^ FUtRcwk. RaftKivi-r. Arch IhIuiiiI, K. Iiy S,. ^ S., 4| iiii. Hoik, 85 feet. SK. S<'U I It'll h'i'ik, .SK.. ;i! Hi ,i>. K 1 I? U llilrH. |g55^^^^-' M...:i!n. liis n| i "Ha Point OriMiviiii'. NNK., .-. i„il.-v Anil KoiK, ■*.' feet. '.'.; fi>ot. itl tVi'l. K'.M'i'ft, uiidi-r Katttcrn nhiirp. Aii>')iorut;t'. ^*J>>.i.,-»» T'"'»f,'Wl^ Split RiMk.-r. fr.t. \Vill<>ii;;lili\ K'nck, NNW.'.M niilis. l',';( i'r.i. Arrli IhIiuhI. (.'(iiir Kli/,il.i-i;i. N.J \V..i',i miiIi^h. l^iii'iiiiill Village. ■ES/3^v._.i l^-^r^r. J'.iiiit <;rriM illr. V..\ S.. .'> iiiiIih. ;tj fr.'l. Anil Kock. H-' rrtt. ' \Hl |! In '■*|U Ph i!^ i»^itii^ii 11 1 ,1 i «F ■f't 4 I. I'ACIKIC COAHT I'lliOT, 489 Tlio lu'iicli is bold, and in niodniiitc \vi;iitli«r tlit' Incakcrs arc (|uif(' licavy at tiic entrance to I Ik slreani. n'»(«/. ('(((A is a Hiiiall stream lyinj; two miles east liy sontii IVom I'oint (irenville and eijflit ;iri(l a half miles norlli of t'o|)aIis Head. It lias low sand spits on eitiuT side, thence to the r;i|K> the low wutei beach narrows, and the land rises insidtt witiiont exitosed elill's. This stream can be forded at ordinary hall-tide, except during freshets. if I'OINT fiUKNVII.LK. From Copalis IFiiad to Point Orenville the coast continues in the same geru-ral direction as from dray's Harbor, Shoalwaler liay, and (!ape Disappointment, and the charaeteristii' Icatures of i|j<' <'iiiniaull I'oint or t'ape HIi/.abeth, three or tour miles to the northwest. As .seen from the west to .southwest it is at the ea.sterii limit of the bright cliffs, reacihing from the latter point, and has two dark rociks projected against it. (Jver the IS ^ ■ ' i; ■JU ■' t VM'': «'■ 41*<) rAciiic COAST rii,(»T. wiHMlfil citast is st'i'ii tlu- (,'r(';it mass id'tlu' OlympiiM raiiK'f, with tlit^ iiriiicipal jx-aks In ,,i m;,,,!,,,,,, iiorlli iiorllii'ast. Wlu'ii seen Iroiii tlu< sniitli smitliwi'st tlifsc two lari,'c dark roi ks appfar Ir ■ali'.l. ,,iiil slmn wfll as pniji'i-trd apiinsi llic liri-;ht clitls. The outer om- Ih llic Airli Kock, and tin- ,c, l, ^ ,,,1, tiiriiu;j;li it at li\t' miles distaiu-i'. Wiu'ii siTii I'nim tlic west iioilliwcst tlic rocks lie clear of the point: tlie lii;;i ici k rlnsi i, tlu' onter iioint of tlie cape is onlv lliree diameters ouisi '.c the cii!l, ai'd tlie Arcli I.'ik I. wWl,,,,, and projected against tlie lon^', low, wooded land to the .,ontheast. The inner rock-, iii. ih,| Hi,.,, visible. Piiiiit (innrilli Ciirt' forms a very contracted amh'Xposed roadstead, which slionlil In n-nl (,:,i, as a harbor of icfii-e; apparently it has a roek\ bottom. It can be used as an anclmr.i;;!. ,|, umtherlv smooth wealhei' for craft below medium si/.e. The extreme southerly point and the two lar;;e rocks break the foice of the sea ciMi>i,l,.|iil,h, The llirec-fallioiii line e\|end.s half a mile from the beaili, ami a \essei, iiidess of liiit li^ht drau;;ht, is compelled to anchor so tar out that the point, and the locks olV it, altoMl liiii lii;||. protecti'm from the prcNadiii;; west noilhwcst winds ot snmnu-r. It is useless durinf; tin- wlinir months. In ordinaiy weather a m's.scI may anchor in four fathoms of water over saiiil\ lidiinin, with the innermosl point of (irenville bcaiin;; northwest (NNV.) and the onll.viii;^ Aicli I.'.i'k bearin;; wot |NV.|. in tins position the thicelalhom line hcs ouethird of a mile nmili ,iiii| itr. ei;;htlisof a mile eas! « ard ; but the shore to the north is nearly seven ci;;hths of a inilc, .unl t,, the east nearly one ami a ipmrter miles distant. 'I'here is a luoad, low water Ixaeli fiuin ilniu side uf the point round by the east and .southeast. It is ie|ioiled that a boat can l.iinl iimiir Point (ireiixilie, excejit in tlii^ very heaviest southerly yales. When a vessel is close umlii iln point, with the inner e.xtrcmily liearinj,' \fry nearly north, several rocks are seen oil' Ihi- il:il,;ii Cape Mli/.ibeih, four miles to the iiorlhw\'st, and one ot' them, close iushor<', is shown on mn (.; the old \iews as a small lej;(it niiittoii sail, but this rock does not e.xist. .Ml these locks were I'cnnieil.N the resorts of seaolteis, and at present the two lai.ii riM,^ ha\e <;re.>t iinnibeis of sea lions upon them. The Sniimii li'iil. — .\ dan^eiiins reef stretches out from Cape llli/.abclh nearly sonlli ..ni.iii to w iihin one and a half miles of Point Ciien\ ille. The sou I hern tail of this daii;;ei i^ oni' .ii ; one eighth miles ot) the clill's, about cnie third of a iiiili^ in extent, and lies north si\l\ M'\iin!< ;;rees West (N. (i7 \V.\, one and a half miles fioin .\ich I.'ock. (See Cape I'-li/abelh.! The apjiroximate };eoy:raphicaI positicm of the Arch Pock olV Point Cienville, as il. u iiiiiinii by the r. S. Coast and ileodctic Survey, is: l.atililitf IT 17 ;i;t iinrili l,(,ii-iiiiil(i i-'i IT i;i «i~; • ii. Ill tiiin' -' IT " il-.:i. In .lannaiy. iss."i, llie iii.i^;iietic variation was '_"_' 'JL." i:;isl. wiih a yeail,\ increase „\' r ;. l'"rom the Arch K'oek, oil this point, we havf the foilowiiif; beaiin,i;s and dislaiiiis i..|.inn. ueilt (dijects: iPislnirtliMl l^lalHl 1 lir(l|iiiMMl l.lfjlll-lliniw), linl 1 llll'IMsi lllf N.l;l \V. '.MJ Mil'' J.iiiirs Mana. i^iiiUiliiilc l>'u.T N 114 W, :;|J imlr. (air.ill InIii, .Niirlli 111' (.'iiiM' .liiliiison N !■• W. 11 iiiil.s. (ira.Ns llailHu (iiil-.iili' liiio.v .s. ;;;i !•:. 'Jiij niilis. Cap.' Shoalwalii l.ijjlil Ikiusc I lull lulri viHihli' ) .*^. -i. 1). :!('ii inili-!., Capi' IlisapiHiinl iil.Nnrlli lliail S. ','-♦ i: HI mil. - ■filial. k IJiH-k l.i-lilli.iiis,. S. 'J- i;, -Jl mill Va.|iiiiia lliail^i l.i;;lil-liri|,ii,|j il.s ■III illichi.p.ij.,. ii^ • MM ciillNi.lciiil.h. unless of 1,111 ii^ii, it, ilHiilll Inn li;;!,. N tliiriii- till' »iii|,.f •iMT s.iihiv In, Hull,. i>iil.\lii- .\iili |;,„|, mile linilli aiiij in,.. Ii.s III' a iiiilf, , Mill til ■ liracli fiMiii III,. II, 'Oilt Cllll j.llllj lllliht 1 l.S clllsc ninlri 111,. .Sfl'll (ill' tlir r|;|!,;i| is show ii nil niii'iil lie t ui) I. II _i 1 r,i,'U :il'l\ siiiilli .iiiilliiM.^t ■I (iiiii;;!'! I- one .iinl lllllll Si\l\ si'lillil,., /.IlllClll. villi', a.s i|, 1, 111111,1,1 ;i'.i noil I, r.t \M-; ■ 11 .:t. iiicicasi' of I'.l. (iistllMccv 1,1 ]i|illlll. V.':i) mil. - ■Mi mil, , II 111111-. 'Ji!^ null » ■.iCi mil. ■ III mil, - s'-'i null . l.> mil.- 'iiiiit ('< II Ilk illi' mill si.Mccli inllr.s llMlll lilt lllllll l">tliini; lit MS, anil 1 1 ii-r iiiili'> .. 'I'lii I'liirin-ii'i'iif \ llilrl .ii'l li.lil llii t'adi.inis i.i Miilfi !i. slliirc. \ ilinillVlT on liv (liM'l ici'kiiii PACIKIC COAST IMI,f)T. 491 VancoiiviT found tlio ciirriMil lii'ic iiinnin^ In tlic iiortliwiml, anil Tclu'iiUdll's iliiut inilicafos ihr saiiif cnirciit. I'liint (in'iivlUc was first iiotifpil in tlio second cxiicilition of Hon llnmo ilc Ilcccta, in .Inly, ',:',:>, when llio (Vigiito Sdnliuijo of liis roninnilid was in (laii;,'i'r of the icef iinilcr ('ajii' ICIizalirlli, all.) ran to tlio soiitliward of tlic point about one niili' wlicn slii- anciioicd wiiiii- the stliooni-r was 111 iniiililoofV tht^ (Jniniaiilt Itivir. It was undiT tLc iinint that (lii- frigate, l)eiiig at anchor, took liiisse.ssioii of tlie toiiiiliy "in that loud." It was iiaiiiet! Point (irenville liy Vancouver in April, 17!>L', when he phiced it in IT^lil", and (ilils, tliat. I.viii;i[ oil" the point are "three rocky islets, one of wliicii, like that at ("ape Lookout, is |iiiioiated;" and it is m) marked on his chart. On iiis return from the north lie aiicliored nearly aliieastol" tht^ rocks otf Copalis Head, and the coast from (iren\i!l(^ towards Destiuctiou Ishiud IS fairly well ii'prcscnted on his chart. Wiieii south of I'oint (irenville \'ancouver says he had sij;lit«il' ii reinarkahly hi^h, round mountain, wliich lose very (HUispicuoiisly aiiove. a line of low, '11 latlicr moderately elevated land, and which was covered with snow down to the intervening^ line olr trees. I>y suliscipuMit observation he established this object as Mount Itainier. DeMolras' chart tlesij^nates this point I't. de la ilaslidu on (irenville. It wa.s examined by the IJ. S. Coast SiiiM-y in the reconnaissances of IS.'»J and IS.'il. In tlu^ latter year it was placed approximately in latitude 17 I'd'. I'oint (jienvilh- is within the limits of the (^iiiniault ltes«-rvation for the Indians. I'tiiiif (livHrillc Ii) (^>uiiiiitult I\inr. — The beach between I'oiiit (iri'inillo and the (i>iiiniault i.'ivcr is foimed of a very coarse, sLifliiig sand; it is very bold and is impassable at high tide, or at half tide in rough weather. ^H'lNlAri.T lilVKK. The mouth of this small stream is just three miles northwest from I'oint (irenville, and oiie mile east of (.,Juiniault roint or Cape Kli/abeth. I'"rom I'oint (Iiciiville tlii^ shore is very straight to the tiiiiniaiilt. The first two miles are bl nil's with a good low-water beach. The last three- ijiiaitcrs of a mile is low. I'luliiig in a sandy and gravelly point foiiiiing the south point of the .'iitiance to the river. .M ccilaiii seasons it is almost closed by the shingle and gravel tlirown in li> tlii^ surf. The closing of the ciiliancc has so far daiiiiiird the river as to form a small lake, two liiiiidicd yards wide, upon tlir south shorts of wiiich is situated the \illage of (^iii'iiiult. On the ucsieiii sid(< of the lake there is a short, iiairow channel to the ocean that is available as a passage for canoes at high water in calm weathci.* In l.s.ST the entrance was about ninety yards wide at high water and about tifty .\ arils at low water. Under the bliilf on the northwest side there is a long santl beach, and the moiilh of this stream must change siunewhat with the seasons. This river ri.si's in a large lake about twenty miles distant in a direct line to the east- northeast and lying in the .southwest hills of the Olympus Mmiutaiiis. It has the .same name as !lie river, antl is the 4'asteru limit of the Indian I!e.>iiervation. It Hows through a hea' ily wooded ('.miitry of spruce, lir, hemlock, ami cedar, and can be navigated for liftecii or twenty miles. It lias a strong cuireiit, and can not in- forded. On the south or left hand are located tl e(^)uiniault Indian Agency and village. i'he stream abounda in line Salmon, which begin to run in.lannary a'ul continue until the lat- ter part of .Iiiiie. The Im'ians catch l!!"m bv nuaiis of weirs. The ,i]iproaclies to this stream liavi' not been exaiiiiiied. Near the mouth sea otters iwre very abunda.il, but tliiv have ln'cii hunted almost to extermination. Sea lions are not plenty iu (his immediate lo> alily. The Sonora K'i/.—lt is reported that there is a nearly •ontiiiiioiis reef from Cape Klizaboth to I'oint (irenville, iiaving a crescent oi- semi-circular shape, coiivcx .seaward, the 'h.ngerous line showing only iu i heavy swell and -some parts of it baring at low water. Tlic southern cud of this reef is two and one half miles southeast by south onetlr.rd .sontli 'SE. by 8. ;\ S.) from Cape r.lizalteth and one and a quarter miles broad olf the slnu'-. !t reai ties wiiliin oneaiid a half miles of Toiiit (Jrenville; this reef lies inside the usual cour.se of the coasting ves.sels and was inside the course of the surveying steamer in l.Sol. Ill stormy weather :lie swell breaks with great fury upon the reef. In December, ISStJ, the IJritish bark Sir .lumHvtjiT FamiUj was wrecked on the inside of the icef. She sailed in between thoroefand I'oint Grouville and struck on the innermost rock under Cape Kli/.alteth, where she m i| I II 'Nortliwost CouHt. Tlirc.^ yciUH' nsi.li'iioo in WiiNliiiiKtun 'I'lirntury, ls,")7. I'lij^f Jli;t. ■I ill rAciKic coAsi rii,(n-. went It) pit'CfN. Within tin- .vcar ISS7 a vohwI got iiiMi arils in Iim-iIi. |,||,|,, very licavy. The Indian Anient at (.)iiiniaiilt l.'rsciv atlon inloiiiis iis lliat lit- lias s.iirih," mcih, colliers, liound iioi-tliuani li^lit, passiii;.' mitsiilf this InrakiT. (Sre icinaiNs in .l.^cnpi „, Point ('iiciiN illc.) The t.>iiinianlt h'ivt r oiicns into tin- ilri-prst jiail ol' tiii' lii;;lil lichinil tiiis ifct. Thi'ic IS an linlian A-t iif,\ near the > iMa;:i' of tiic nativrs. 'riicsc Iniliaiis ami llic i^i,!,,, , lorali.n;; tiiiir had a \ii.\ liad r<'|iiilatioii, and Wfir iioloiioiis lor their liostilil> ami \ imiic livin, ., |o tiie tally voyapTs. Several Spanish, llii};lisli, ami l.'iissian vessels were, in the e.nh il.n taken ami tleslio.vetl. Lewis ami Chirke say this tijlie hail si\ly houses ami iiiimtieii'il ,,1,,. |||,, sami stiiiN. It was in this lii^ht that l!oile;.'a in 177.') lost seven of his erew of siMe.i, ,,1 i Sehooiier .N'i>/«iC!. When seekiii;; for an aiiehtiraire ln' foniitl himself passiii;; ovei a iicf.u wanietl the triMate not t'l follow. The leef has lieeii iiained after his vessel. The name of the nvei is iisnally known hv the olil settlers as (^>ne iioith, liiit the 1 lllll.llh In merly pi-oiioiime.: it as it spelleil (jMie ni iitl, aeeentiny; the tirst sxliaMe stroii;;ly ami tlif l,i«! softly ami loiij; that inaiiv perstnis eoiisiiltr they eall Ihemsehes the (,>iieiiiii.» The MniJ.; eall the tiilie <,>m n a'll. .\ ^'reat \ariety of spelling: has lieeii ;;iveii to the name, 1 »( \|.i|i 'hail tails it the If. Kiiiiat. M eaics doiihtless lieanl of this tribe from the Miikkau IimIi.ii- Cape I'l.itteiy w hen lie was lion ml soiithwaitl to liml the t'oliimliia ItixtT, lor he applies ilic ii,ii; (^ueeiihvlhe tti the Ih^ht iiisul,. hI I (estiiietitni Island. The spelliii),' td' the name in Smithsonian ('oiitiihiitioiis In Kiio\vleil;;e, L"_'n. is Ku iiiaiiii,,,><« , The Imlians of this pail ot' the etiast. ami theiiee to Slui.ilw aler l!ay, « hen tiavelin^^ li\ cuin aloii^j the low, sandy heaelies south of I'tiiiit (Ireiiville, push out intti the breakers and Kri| ; between the lines of the two seas that have bnikeii oil the lieaeh, pole the eaiioe paialli I >» i ;' beach. This pccnli.ir mode is rather apt to excite the tears of those i;,'iitu'ant of what iln-.! till eamie men can tlo. Tin whale btial of the siiiveuii;; bii;; Fniinlltroy was taken b_\ tlir li ! r from Slmalwater I'.ay In (!ia\'s llailiiu' in this inanner. VAVK 1-.I,1ZA1!KI'II. 1 < ■4, t i ' i ,t IP, w flfl.i' The coastline is bitikeii belwfeii I'oint (ireiiville ami Quiiiiault I'tiiiit or Cape Kli/ahilii 1\ the nioiilli of the (,iuiiiiaiilt IfiM'r alreaily tlescnlietl. The shnre line from the month of the (,>iiiiiiaalt runs west fur one mile. It has lii^li InoKtu eliUs with forest to the etl;;c, anti at the loot are locky leti;;es leatliii;; bevtiml low water lu.iik. There is little beach belwecii tlie (^*iiiiiiaiilt ami Cape I'.li/abeth. Point e iHi/.abetli are piominciit ami very important l.iiiiiiiiaiK> ini ilir iia\ i;;attM'. Appiiiaclieil from the south they appear as tuie. 'i'lie clitls from Point (lHiiMllr,i> far as the (^>iiiniault are dark ami ciunpo.seil of hartl samlstoiie and confihunciatc. Cape i:ii/.abeth is. Iitiwevei, intire priuiiineiit than Point Cireiivllle; the clitls are hi-ln i iImh at (ireiiMlle; the iipjier pails are yellowish clay ami the lower part a kiml tif samlsloi If I nl.^hllll •rate, This cape bears' north liftythree tle;,'rees west (NW. V' W.), ilistant three, mil tin | IMIIITS mile bevoliil llie i^eneial line of the ei.,iM, \Ml|i,[ miles from Point tireiiville. It pro|eels banlv out seen from any tlireetiiui ii presents a bright tnuil ol ioek\ elilVs of line sandstone crowiml heavs forest of lii ami hciidtiik. I>aik lines in the stial iliealiiui imlicate the to br nIiuIiIK to the eastward. The hi;;liest pall of the clills is reacheil ii\ three short rocky terraces oi Ii.imIik to the ctl-e of the trees, where the heif,dil abo\e the sea is two hnmlietl feet, ami lliiiii iiilim; tlicre is the iisiial tlciise forest of Oregon pine, heiiiltick, and an almost impeiieliable nmlci .ie«tli. When the C.ijie is apjuoachctl from the direction t.f (ira.v's llaibtu', at a ilistanee of sr\eiilnii miles ami iieaiin iioilhwfst by iitirth twothiitlsiioitli (NW. by N. i N.), it shows as the ptiiiit of laml with a stce|i face ami an irrcKiilar cresl-line t.f wooileil etuinliy cxtcmlin^' m ''Imum wart 1. Point (ireiiville is projectetl iiiion it half a point !<• the eastwartl ami below tli i llllir, liilt secim pait of the Cape. Coiiiiii},' lU'arcr, the rocks at Ptiint (ireiiville are imnle out faintly. 'Thr ,\,,rtlj"i»tl ('.liiHt. 'Ilircf vcarH' rfsiilciiif in \ViiHliiiif;t"ii 'I'firitory, ls.".7 ti i 'i! Ill till' ll|l|l,||,s|„, Iv aiiil II,,' |.i«i , !'• Til.' .MulsL,.',, iiMiiit'. |>i' MmIV,,; iliikkiiw lll.|lal,^;lt <• il|l|ll|('S Mil' iMiii,. i>^ Iv^ilMillic.SM.Ili. Ini\l'||li;,'ll\ ,.;|| iilicrs mill K,'i'|,:i;_. •<• |iMralIi-l \Mtli til,' •f wlial llii'M' s|,ii! kfii li\ Ihi' li Oil- ("iilif i';ii,'.ilM'ilili\ l.lll I'll ill,' I'liillt (Iii'Iim1Ii',i> alf. lis air ill-lii'l lli.ili iailllsliilii' nil.^liilii anil I lilt',' ,jiMiii'i$ I' <>r !ln' ripa>l, .iiiii III' l-l'llW lull \Mlii ,1 ' ill|> III III' s|i;;lili\ I'l'lat'i'.s III lirllijii- aiitl lliriirt' ml. III,! IS alilc iiiiilii •,iii"lli alicc dl' ■•l'^ I'llinl s as I III' iHiirriiiii>i % It'llilili;; li,'i 'lii'il>l i\v tlir oiilliii,', Imt Jl lU' out I'aiiith. Imt I'Aciiic COAST ni.or. 403 I ijM' I'JiziilM'tli is tin- liinliiT mill iimrc marUi'il, alt! ^^li a vny ; northeast h.v north a nil (ivertopiiinf; 'M'lv 111111;,'. When a vessel is ne, three miles liioail oil Point riieiiville, the liiither loeks siieli'h oiitsiile of llie low aiul veiy ili>taiit poinl Car lieymiil ("ape Mli/ ilieth. Theliiij;ht rocky line of el ills miller the Cape, anil learhiii;,' iiito the iikiiiIIi of the «,>iiiiiiaiilt l!iver, are, arian;;e(l In I'liiiparaliM'l.v low steps, slopin;; liaekwaril anil sontheastwanl, anil the trees on the outer eil^jii of llie Cape eli IV stand altnveiill the others, 'i'liefstriitilleatioii of the laee of the Cape is well niarkeil. I lie houses of the (.tiiiniaiilt I'eservation are visible at the eastern end of this line of elitVs. Tho eape is a narrow jiittin;; point of elills. ot) which lie three low Mack rocky and sniikeii <1aiiy;ers iit I heir outer ed;ie; these lie a little over one i|iimler of a mile south of the poiiii. One rock iiwasli ,il low wall r and two sunken dmi;,'ers lie ii <|uarterof a mile inside of the former ones. Tliero iir« nil hli;;e or lii^'li locks otV the point. Oil land the puiiil can lie passed at ver,\ low tide in smooth weather only, and with nnieli lahiir in elamlterin;; o\er rocks. .\l the evtrcine point the passage is inaile liy ^'oin;.' throiijuh two Inn;; low arches in the Jutting' elills. At extrcine low tide there is a ver,\ little depth of water in till' northern arch. North of Cape ICIi/abeth the clitVs have a yellowish appearance and are mainly coiii|ioscil of (:la.\ over a rocky liiise. There arc a few cocks elose iinilii the northwest side ot the clid's at the point and one of them Is p.\ rainidal or conical, hut thence to the northward for three miles the shore is nearly sti'ai;;'ht mil free of outlying,' d.'in;,'crs. When the Cape is fully alteam there appear to the northwiiril two steep, wooded clilVs with lower necks Itehind them, and Arch Islet ol the si line appeal ance, distant live to seven miles from the Cape, and iieail\ alueast Sea Mini Itock. At the same time looking; to the cast-south- eastward I'liillt Crciiville is seen as a vertical faced clllV with the I'ock close under the I'oint n llllle more than one diameter otV. and iiem'l\ of ei|iial liei;;litwilh the dilfs, and the .\reli lioek half II do/.oii diameters outside the former. These rocks are projected on a lonj;, low, and nearly level line of distant land extciidiii',' two thiids of a point outside Point (irenville. as if it were in the \ieinity of the Copalis llixci. Outside the ('ajie the depth of water is ten fathoms over rocky bottom at one and onothinl miles, hut only a few soiiiidiii;;s arc jx'wa'U on the reconnaissaiiee sheet (IS."),",). The ;j;ei>Kraphical position of the extremity ol the Cape, as determined by the Coast and (leodetic Survey, is: Liititmln 4* 'il' 11' iinrtli. I.,oiiKitiiilc l-.M 2(1' 01 W,'st, f>r, III tiiii,' IT""J(l-.l. In January, l,S,S,"i, the ma;;netie. variation was '2'2'^"J',i' easterly, with an annual inciea.se of I'.O. From this Cape the bearing's and distances to prominent objects are as follows: Carroll Islci, olV C'lpr .Iiiliii-.iiii DcNtriK'tiiiii Isjiiiiil, |iriiMiMl l.i^^lil Ihnis Sen l.iiiii Kdi'k OlltHUll' IlllDV, llir (il'llVH I lull nil' N. 1.-, (• lip SIm.hIv IT l.i"lll-ll,,ll! The N,>i'lli llcail iif Cii|i<' l)lsa|i|iiiilitliM'iit i:i \V. ;il K I'-' llllll'H, 'Jli mill's, lit III ill's. °J.'|| llliluH. Ill iiiilrs. lit niili'.s. This Cape was lirst located by the second expedition of Ileceta in 177r>, when coastinj; in this vicinity foi' wood and water. The schooner iSoiiin'ti or Frliiiihid, niider command of Don .liian Francisco de la lUMle^ia y (^)niidra, w hen ninnin>i in under shelter of this small cape where there appeared to be a harbor, suddenly shoaled the water from ei;;ht fathoms to three frJioms and si;;naled the danger to the frigate ti'iiil>cr(ir till' samc.vi'ar r.uilc^n rctiinuMl witliin liall" a U-.f^nv of tin- pl.i,, i.m ,,„||!| ^.'••t no inroiination of iiis boat's crew, ami tlic Cape was iiained I.a Tnula de Ics Maiiii. ,. In Oeloher, 1 7',iL', Vaneouv'T ancliored four miles olV the coast lietweeii Point < in : , ill,. ;||.,| this eape, win re lie liad louitd eifiliteeii I'allioms of water o>, his npward tiiji, with a i'iii,iit|„ the northward. He does not mention this cape, nor doe-. In- la\ it down on his chart as ii..|||.,m,i,i,, Imt lie has a view of till" coast when he was four miles liroadotfihe elitVs to ilie iiuiilm.ini „! <"ape l^li/,iln-tli in whieh he shows the rocks three or four miles norlliuesi ward of thr ( i]i,,.ii|,| tho inch in the roek olV I'oinI (irenville. TelienUoll' has an anehora;:e laid down lietween <'ape i;ii/alieiii ami I'oinl < i iiiiviilc, Inn has no deptli and no name. 'I'lie anehoraue mav lia\ e lieen nscd ..\ the l.'issian otier inuiiiiv We lia\e lierctofor»> know 11 the In'ad as I'oint (j>ninianll fioin the Jnd'ans and the ri\i'i nl \\u same name; it has re<'entl.v lieen named Ciiie l''Ji/al)elh. 'Mi !' ;■*' \i TiiK coAs: n:uM ( aim-, f.i.izAiir.rii t<> ni.sirncrioN isi.ank. In t«enl_\ t'onr miles from Capt^ I'.ii/.alieth to the month of ihe lloli Kixci. north llnilv |n,i{ ilcfjiees west ,N..ll W'.l. the oast is mMils strai:'.ht. recedin;; less than a mil<' at IIm miiltll,. distance. The shores are low, wii h roek.v elilfs wooded to their edi;i's and 1 11 ok en li.v sin.ill siri:iii!h, It is iiiside of the usual coarse of ves.sels passinj; alon^ the coast, lail within the tirsi si \i;i iiiili> northwest Irom ("ape I'.li/alielli there are clnsteis of ontlvin;;- rocks in the i>rolon;;ali( r ili,. clitVs of I'oint < ii'en\ ille and Cape Mlizahcth. These rocks ha\e nearly the same hii.:iii .(> ili,. adjacent, elilfs and in certain liiicctiinis and nndci certain condil Ions tiie,v may not he di>iMiL:iii.>lii'<| ill the otliiiir- I'or licarls t wo laili's IVoin Cape I'.li/.alpeth, Ihe slioie is ,1 cliM one hnndicd tcci lii,'li .nnl nearlv strai^^lil ; at llie end of ihc dill a small stream bleaks lliron^h a broad saiiil\ ■-Iihi,-; .iml at t wo and one thiiil miles a second stream breaks ihroiij,'!' in t he same w ay. 'iiieiei-~.ilirii.ii. low-water beach lioin the ra|ie to this stream. There is a hij^h wooded bliilV liet\ui n .In- !«.■ streams, I'rntr.s Clill'. — At three niiles from tlie Cajie there is a sharp point with elilfs ovei .iiiiliiii, dred feet hi;.;h. The low-water Ikmc' ends and the shore is roi|i;h and rocky. This point is noilh thirty four dejiiees west (N..''l W'.l Irom the Cape and ihe cliii-- ..■iiiinni hence for tlirei' miles neaily to ICaft lliver. (HV Pralfs CIIIV and betwi-cn it and Cape ICIizabeih are .several dangers, aslbllow- Flat ^'(1./,.— (bie ami ti ve fi;.:hths miles north lltt>eit;ht di'j^rccs west (N. aS W . Imhi 1 ,.pi l:li/abetli is a tow black rock, nearly one mile oil' the shme and hall-\va.\ towards ."^plit \l,»L There is a /'iv;/. which show s occasion, illy even in moderale ui'atlier about four hiiiiil;' i| yms soinhcil\ from il . When seen t he \ essd's conrsc was t lirec ipiartcrs of a mile to ihc .1 slw.ii'l of the I l.il Rock. Il.ill w,i\. between flat Kock and Cape h'Ji/abel h lliere is a small low rockdircclb 'icinnii them, .iiid a smaller lock inside and halt w ay to the shore. S/ilif /I'oiA. — 'I'his rock Ins three and one half mile- north tii|\ Iwo ile;;iees wesi 1 N 'A . ' W troni C.ipe I'.li/abeth and one mile bitMil oil the slmie i.t the norlli p. ill of I'ratt's Cllll. Il In II"' outer one of the Split Itock t:ronp, w Inh co\ 1 is an aiea of one mile loii>.v socth by west am! linilii bv east, b\ lialf a mile broad. It is on the line of pioloiif^ation of the clill shore Irom I'. i;:lbni \il!e toCipe i:ii/,ilicth. It is one hiiiilivil and ei;;Iity vards lonv' iioithwest and -.,iitln-.N In about sixty yards bioad. and rises ci;;lil.\ Iin e feel above the .sea; it is \ isible at a il i.uirinl twelve miles. Il is split in two, and the division shows when , ecu from Ihe west ti. ii«i-l Close on Ihe oiitsid.' of this rock there is a low roek. and one linmlKd and lil'l\ y.u. - nil tin' inside there is another. The Wiii .a-liby Uock lies six haiidred v.inls iiorllnast b> ii"i'ii Iniin the Split IJiM'k. There aiv two danneioiis rocks ■•; the appioach to Split IJock troiiMn. mhhIi ward. The lirsl is a small, low, black rock, licjiist a little re than half a mile iliie .snitli In'ii^ It; ,ind the .see d one. somewhat lar;.'er. lies m-arl.N half a mile soiiila'ast by .south foiii Sj'li' U.M'k. When a \e-is,.l is to the iiorthw.ird of Sea l.ion Uock aid Cape Isli/.abeth bciis -.natlMiM one h.alf east. Split l»'ock shows Jiist outside the <'apc, and Ihe las -er W illoiiijhliv l.'ei ' 1 liiH'' inside the Cape; at tlie same iiiue Sea Lion Uock shows oiibside of Split Kock, .\boii! lie ami I Wilier I'ACIl'IC COAST ril,(»T. 4!».'' "'1«' IT •.'11 . >|| '•'III' <'ll'! ■.lll,-;|„| "illi :i 1'1111,'ni i„ i'li;irt IIS ii..||,.,.:,|,],,^ iIk' ii"iili\\,inl„; nl.ir ih..( I,,,., ,|,„| "III '•ivinill,.. liiit •III (ill.T llil||I|.|x lltl 111!' IIM'I „1 .|„ Nil. 'I. Mill III lliiilv l„||f •ml" ■'! 11,,. 1,11,, 'II l'.\ SMI. ill Ml,.,,,,, lie lirsl M\c;, |i|||,.> iroloil;;.!!;,,!, ,,| 111,. ■Millie |||.|,|,1 .1, III,. ml In- ili-iiii-iii.,|„.,| Ulri'll (rrl lil^l, ,||,,1 ll Silllll,\ s|„,|,.; ,111,1 . 'I'lirrc ,-. ,1 lii„,iii. ll) ill-l M'l II , Ill-Ill,. rlills ,11 I'l I, III- 1,11,, 1 llli' clili- (•(i|itllii:i IS roiiow ^ ;-).s W. ii,.,ii ( ,,|i,. >\v;ii(In S|,|i! i;,,, i, iHir liMiiiliiil i.in'i If 111 III!' •■., si».ir,| ■k dirrcl I' •ii-|«,rll ■s wcsi . N ',\ \V ll'.s rill!. !■ ■. Ill, \>\ Ml-' ,i.ii;ii I- I nun I ' : I ;, : ;ii:il .s,(i,' , / r 'ill- III I, - wcsl (,, ;, :,::li,uM. Iitl\ .\.ii-'- (,|J til,' i-ii-.t 111 liiiiii ick lliiiii ■ , Miiilli- lilf dill' -•■'itli liiMii y .sdiilli : uiii S|ili' 'll l)(';iis iiii||m'11>I It'll 1 1\ I;,- \ II littii' A liiiir iir 1111,1 III,, liiiir iiillt'S .south soiltlnvt'.st tVaiii tlii.s rock tlic dfplli ol' witter is iiIik^ liillioiii.s over .siiinlv liol- I,,;,. \\»> .skt'lclu'il mill inline 1 (his rock in 1,S(;7. //,(■ W'llUitKjhlnj /.'.<( A.— This is the liij;hc,st iiiiil insiih^ lock ol' tiic .Spjii Kock ^jroiip. It is three. ,|ii iilds of a iiiih- Itroiid od'shoro at I'lall's (MilV, ainl iieailv hull' a mile northeast li.v iioilh (Voiii S|ilil ilock. l-'rom ('ii|«« Kliziihelh il licais iiortjieasl, (li.,,,in( tiirce iiiid twolliinis miles. It is iii-:iil,\ loiiiiil and two hiiiiilreii vrnds in diiimeter. and rises ont^ liumlred and t weiity three I'eet iili,.ic Ihc sea. Tiie ilisliorc siojie of this rock is hilif,' ; tlie outer slope is very ulu'llpt. It is dark ill i-iilor, and is \isilue at ii distance of lifteen miles. I'lclwecn this rock and Split l.'ock, and to the soiilluvard of Iheiii, there is a cluster of smidler iiii-l l,i\vcr rocks, already nieiitioneil in the description of Split Hock. < )iie of the rocks lietwceii llie l.iii;er ones is ciuiical, with liicakeis all aioiiiid il, and a r<>,k mvush, esliiiiated lo he two liiiii- (In ll .Minis southwest liy west from It ; aiiolhcr, hirtiier out, is Hal, with a small pillar apparently .slaiiiliiij,' oiii of il When a >-,..ssel is coniiiiM; troni the northwesl. and Cape Kli/iilieth hears south- eiist ciiic half eiisl (.'^i:. ]_ K.), this rock shows hliiek aj,'iiii>st the hi;,dier and Ii;;lite'' '.iiid Itchjnd tlin (';i|M', mid Split Ivock shows Just oiilsitUs the Cape, ('oiiiin;^ iroiii the soinLwurd aloiii;' the <'oast ill,- \\ illoii-hliy luxd-; is the liisl rock iiiised, and shows outside aie! ncH clear of the disiiii I land li,-\iiml Capi" I''li/al>clh. Tlit^ Willoii^hliv K'ockwiis named in '.S,S7. 'I'Lere, are iu» dangers visi- hie iiiimediately to tho northwest of (his j;ioiip. Sea I. ion /I'oc/i-.— This rock represciiis the third i,'i'oiip northwest, from Cape l-'lizaheth. It lies SK and (wo (hirds miles noilh (illy li\t' dcjjices west , NW. Iiy W .) from that Cape, and I ivo and a li.ilf miles Iti'oad oil' Arch -Islniid, which is the nearest shore clill'. It hears south thirty se\cn ili'urceseast (SI-:. ■-; S.), distant thirfecii and twothinls miles, lioiii Destiiiction Island. Itisii low, hlaik rock, ..lioiit tweiily yards iii <'\lent, and twelve or (ifleeii feet ahove water, with a patch of ki'lp stretidiiii^r Iwi) hundred .\ arils lo Ihe sonllieasl wanl fimii it. There, appears to he plenty of waler iiriiiind it. in I he (iist reconnaissance ( l-S.'i'J) (he steanicr iiassed half a. mile inside of it and I, mini eleven Cillioni.'. .if water over sandy hoKoin. In 1. Si ;<> we passed clos(> (o the lock on the oiiisiiic, an, I from the nnmlicr of sea lions iipiui it (he present naini'. was applied. In !.'<.*>."» (he sleniiier |iassed outside, hiil wiihin two liiindn-d ■ anls of il, and saw no sl^^us of hidden diin;;('i's; (lie weadier was clear and ealiii, with very li-lit swell from the west inu'thwest. The rock is pliiiiil.\ visihle at ei^ht miles, and shows oiilsideof Split h'ock when <'ape l''li/,ii- lii-lli hears s()i:iheast one half ciisl. I.'n/f I't'irlc or Airli [nhiinl. — I'or (hreeaud a half miles luulh, (liii'(y de;;rees wes( (X. .".()' \V.) iVoin ihe south point of rratt's ClilV, (he shore is a nearly s(ral;;lit line of hroken clill's over oiio liiiiiilicd (ee( lii;;Ji, and co\crcd with the usual ;;iow(li of Orejjoii pine and lieiiiloek. There ar(ii siiiiu' daiiy;ers lyin:,' iicarls li.ilf a mile oil (he shore, which has a discontiiiuous and narrow low- "liter beach. Alon;;- (his shore there are three small lic.nls which look like three lii;;h, roidiy, and Moiiilcd islets lyin^' close iiiidir I he shore. They are ahoiij one hundred and twenty live feet ahove (he sea, and the trees make I hem look much hiirhcr. The (wm soul hem ones a n^ just half a mil. 1 1. part, and are projeelin;; clill's stri'tchiii!,' out two hundred and (ifty yards I'roiu the shore, ■.vliicli is a line ol' lower, moderalely lii'i;^ht clilVs. They have nirrow and low necks inside. .The iiortiicrii Olio is ii mile (o Ihe norlhward, and is (he lar^jest and sli^hlly the, liij;liest. This one is an islet at liifih water, and stands oiii from Ihe iiioiith «if the IJaft Itiver iUid the low lands on iitlier side, so that it looks as if it were in Ihe mouth of a siinill hay. It is threes hundred yards iiiiijr as seen from seaward, and has some liiuli, s-iiall rocks under the soulhwcst f.ice, and on the iiiiitli northwest, at the distance of one hiiiiilied and (ii't,\ yards, is a verdcal eoliiinnar rock one liiiinlied and fourlcen feci lii-h. ll look.- like a spindle when seen Iroiii Ihe west-northwest, hut when seen from the south southeast it. appears hroadsidt! on, and part of it iirojeets just outside (lie liiilte. l'"ioni this notahle islet ()!• linlte Hi." Sea Lion Uock lies .soiilli lil'ty de-;rees west (S. , "ill ' \V.) Ill inly I v\o and two thirds miles, and I her" is no know ii dan;;er hel ween (hem. The rceonuais since (hurl of IS'iL' has elcxcii fiilhoins half a mile inside of (he Sea I. ion Koek. The ^cof^riiph- ical posidon of (ll(^ Islet is : l.aliliiilii l.,i,iv:llii,li- 17 'JT :',ii iiiMlli. 1-ji ■,'! ;iii wi-.t i.'-'i It' i!| i h This Islet has loiifr heeii known as l.'afi Itock. In (h<^ reconnaissance of l-SSV il has heeii culled Arch Island, hecan.se there is an arch tlil'(Mi;ih one of (he Iwo sinidl projections on the .south uiul. i I r ^ u' "1 Hf::!:r ^%. I' ii^ i-i ■i-.m; I'ACIllC foAST I'll.or /iVi/y h'inr is ;i sticiini nili'tl next to tli,' (,)iiiiij;inlt in si/.c. I'.flwcfii tlio points ..lil,, , ,||,.,|,,„ iH'liind till' r.irk it is fi;,'lity .vunls wi.lo, Imt Hit' htw wjilci- cliiiiiiii'l \v;i v towanls tl,.' iin,.. uiitlcr tlii> iHiiili siilc oftlu' Ifiit't IJock is not ovvi- tl.irt.vlivf or forty yanls wide. Insula, ili,. riv.r (•X|iaiiils into several arms, wlijcli eonn> tiiron;;!! a low, wooded eonnlrv. Tliis stream tv..n I,,,,!,, Loll' vvliilse (if fli(^ Midvkuws, It is iiaviyalde for eaiioes and small itoats for (|uite a oishinn liif;h water. It can lie forded at. low wafer. Ail Hie coast aliovetlie elKl's near Iv'aft liiver is wooded, andtiie lulls lieliind rise t,. i i,,,.,,,, liei}.'lit, widi a rolling siirfact^ densely covered with trees and underjrrowtli. Over all risr.s li,,. „i;,| rocky smiiiiiits of flie Olynipiis Mountains, From {{aft Itock to alireast Deslrnetion Isl:iiid the shoreline is straif^lit ami ri>iii|.:ir:i;,M.jf low. except near the (i)neets fjiver, with a low-water lieacli and onl_\ Iwodantrers as nm, h ..s |,;|!( a mile from shore. Tilt' (harts l,'ir' W .) from <'ape I'.li/.alteth and niiiei and tliree-(|narli'is imiIin ^(iii;ii tifty si\ de;,'recs east (S. .^)t!"' I''..) fioiii the south iioint, of Destriietioii Island; and at lli.il iimiMi was laririr than any other river Itetweeii (!ia\'s llarlior and Cape I'latteiy. The soiilli imiiiinf the liver is the m nth termination of the el ills thence iVoin h'aft I Jock. At jircsent a samiy s|ii; lu,, hundred and forty yai'ds Ion;;, and of irre;,'nlar width np to one hundred yards, evicn, Is i,i;l:, northwest ward iiaiallel with the outer shore line, to the month of the stream which is lliiic v\z\i;\ y.irds vv ide at hi'^h water, and ahoiil half that at low water. Thence to the norlhward tup oiii' ninl one third miles is a low, narrow, Haml.v «pit with the slack water of the river hcliind il, I iiinin:,! Ion;:, narrow la;:ooii. The southern part of this Kjiit is three hundred yards across ami Ii;i- hiindied ami lit'ty yards and I'oines from the southeastward for three ci^iliths of a inili. Iin; ij made a sharp Iniii from the northwanl. The eastern side of the riverahreast tin' monili li,i> I .a. deciduous trees, anil no tirs. The lower Jiart <'ollld Ite nav i;,'ated liy small live:' sieaniers. It carries a lar;:e .'liiin water ami has a strong; em rent, .\t the moiiih it is n'pidly cntlin;; into the cemcni iliil ".i south point of the entiain'c. The breakers olf the month are very heavy. Southward of the (,)iicets lliver the beach is smooth and fornied liy ^^rave' and sand '■■ ' noi Iliw ard the sliori- is V cry bold and prci'ipilons and itnnposed of veiv lose slntiiti- -ii i _ worn smooth and roiimled. The cliffs, w lierev e- exposed, are v ellow isli clay with an occasional exception, u In •■ ii ■ is coidlomerate and of dark color. ■((lie house is visible at the lieiid of the river, but the Indian v illay;e i-. half a Mulriii.: rivci' on the ri;;lit bank. The bliilV at the south point of the i ivcr is in 1,^11 nil. I, • IT ;!!' :i;!' ii..rt I -iln.l.' 1^1 --l-^ i«r «,■.! The Cliehalis Indians called this liver the Kweets'hn. from till- (,»iieei'4 l.'iv er lo a In east I )esl ii id ion Inland the coast coniinnes in a ;;cii.i.il il.;! tion inntliwest b.v norlh (NW. by N'.' for eleven and one half miles to .Mil.cy Islet. TltcihiN . aliont lilly feet hi;;li. but ihcy are not conlinnons, and for live miles imt of I he Icn tin hh ImiiiIci hi;,' the coa^l line is low and wooded. There is a nai mw beach under the clill's. Mini i i'i low water biacli. Thron.-li this low country a stuam empties four and (nic half mdcs n.iMinvi tioni the Soiiili ( III! of the <,>neets Hiver. 'I'lie clilf is broken down tor (nic t'onrth of a in.. the soiiili point of tl lit ranee is a lony;. low, sainl spit, .V tVvv low, Hat rocks lie clns.' iiniln ■ beach at si\ miles north of the (^neets IJiver, and the iblVs become rocky for ov n i ■ ■' proji'cts into the .M-a at several jilaees, thus cntllli;; olf I he low water beach. 'I lii'in • i '• ' ' eoiiti with a very narrow beach at their base, and the low-water beach is broad. _ IIiImimI low country the moderately hiju'h hills are rolling,' and covered with lir and cedar aii.l a .h •■ iiiiderL'rowth. WM. 'i !■ )illls of ;i,, , iii,.,i,in v arils thr nuiihw,.. f. Insiilv. Ill,, riv.r s sircatii ■i'..\\ li,, |]|,. I' M>iil«- ■■! i'>-l. ,i; mil viM' ti. innili.|;|., Vcf all INivs th,' v', I anil l' nliui,, - rt'llH'liI rllll !ii ,;r , ,i'' ami saiiil lOSI' sIiiHiIi;^ ~ii:l'. 'S llillll, W Ill'M '111- !'< liair .1 Miili' III :tl' :i:i" ii.irii: •.>•.•' III!" wi'^l. lex ill a ;;rlii'iMl 'liii ,• Isli'I. Till' i!:lN'' III' the li'ii ill'' ''"Ml' tin' I'lills. ami ,1 ! ' lialf'liiiirs iiMilliM.i rmii'tli 111' a iiiiir. ' 'IvS lii' rlusi' iimlii ' y I'm' ii\ rr a mili'. ■!■ ,('li. TIh'Im ' 'ii'i '■ is lir I. I'.'ImimI ' Hill I'l'ilar aii'l i 'I' • m ' !) If. W .•-.■.,,...., ... ^.^,_--. ^^^,..l.«.. -T^ ^"^SS^^^S^^fce^Miiai^Si Point Orenville, E. } N., 19 mileg (land extends to E. i S). -■^T^iSi^^fr^- -;^sah*s^ OlvTiipiiH Krtiigr, froili u point 7 miles SK. by S. from DeRtniction Island. n t 1 ]b f HI;! I ■ iil^lsr Kl''''' ^ If 1 '■U s III i ' •; f t y Ry i't H |: - 1' i niii { . i i 1; , ■ , m" . 1 ■ 1 li' ^ .:*'': !■■ i i llH ; ; 1 1 . 1 1,4 .' i ¥■■■ • ■ ■ 1. 'i % "If '^^ : r,.:::'' -i,:^ . l'y:l:.« it: , I'ACII'IC COAST I'll.or. 4'.) 7 DRSTUITTION ISI,AND. I his is tlio only IsIuikI dt'scrviiifj tin- appclhitioii nortli of llic Soiitlicast Funillon oil' San I'liiii isiip. Il Ill's It'ss fliiin oMf mile inside t lie line Joining;- Ciipc (•lliziilit'li. iiiul ("api^ .lolmson mil ilu' ilfi'iit'st imrt of tiui lii^'lit fornicil by tlic easterly recession of llie slmii'. 'riii> outer point I,, iliiee ami a lialf miles from the nearest shoie, ant! Itein;; the same Iu'i;;ht as the, adjaeent ,1111s II Is \iiy tllilicult for a vessel to nnike it out when runninj; alonj; the coast at a distaniru of liii miles. When it Ih projeeted a;;ainst thesis tililVs it can only he made out from seaward when Hull' IS a lia/.\ atmosphere lietween it and the shore, or when tht^ sun Is shinin;,' on the clilfs and llii' i^let IS in shadow. 15ut when a vessel is runniu},' close alon;;? the coast from ('ai»e I'lii/.alietli !i. ( .i|ie.Inlinsoii it is very distiiu'tly made (uit. W hen the Islanil hears northwest by north (N\V. by N.), seven miles «listant, it is seen with a il.iik liiiealon;,' the level toji on the low and fainter outline of the laud to wants the (^Miillilinle Uivei', lie hii^'ht ('litis at the Iloli Head are seen clearly and lii;;li('r, and hilling' the farthei' land to tlie iMIil I Ildllh^aM I. When it bears northwest b\ noi'tli foiii' miles distant, the island sli d; a;;aiust ilii' I, iiid towards the (^iiiillihute, but the outline is not (|uite as hi;;li as that laud. The clitVs of jldli II. ad are bright and hi},'h. Willi a sharp lookout the islainl has been seen at a dist.ince of liftecn miles when bearing; mil liy east one-half east (N. by K. .\ !•].) as a low, short black line on the hori/on, under a low- in (l.iilv line of t'orest on llu' shoreline with the hills and luounlains rl higher In the interior. •fl IS and is twenty miles north forty-three dej;rees west (N\V. ,1 N.) from Cai)e lilizabeth Mill iM iirly twenty-four miles tVom the (ireuville .\reh Itock on the same bearin^j. Il is a nearly level topju'd island with an extreme lieidlil of ninety feet, eovei'ed with a very ilniM' ;:ii)Uth ot bushes, which have been removed in a few places by the lloh Indians for plant- iiii; |i(itatoes. There are only four trees or snndl clumps of trees on the island, and when seen iMnii ilie soiitliea.st one appears at each extremity of the island, and two lu'ai'er the western end. Iiilvin \ .iiiioiiver iep(Mted a few dwarf ti'ces upon the east end in I7!t-. The shores are l)old. rocky, Miy sleep, and in some lij^lits show moderately biij,'lit below the dark surface line of the Il Is said there are some remarkable ix'rforations throu^di a rock near it, but these are only nil liiiiii pailM'U lar directions. On the eastern end were formerh some rude Indian lints riic outer limit ol the Island is tliree and one hall' miles from the nearest |)art of the main >lini, , w liich, as wehaxcsald, licic runs stralj;hl south thirty decrees east (S, .'id ' 1'^) for ten miles. \\-~ j;cneial direftlon is north-northeast and south southwest, Inivliin' an evtreme leiij^th of !u.i!l\ half a mile, and its width Is about three hundred yards at the widest Itart, near the southern liiuaids the nortli it tapers to a small round point, fioin which projects a {gravelly ton^'ue about iH liiiinlrcd yards loii^r, cnr\ind to the northwest. Just beyond this tongue is a lcdd(' sweeping;- ilii' wcstwaril one tlili'd of a mile, with a few detached roi^ks awash outsliU'. I Ml the northern end of the Island and led;;e a number of larjje detached rocks, with three ii\(' lath' ims of watei betw ecu them, extends in the jicncral direction of the island, iiearlv a lie iVoiii llieed;:e of the lilnll. Heavy liieaUeis ;;eiicially exi.vt tlirou^lioiit this rock\ patch Imi a lie ucstcin approaches to tlu^ islanil present a xcry ii)ck\. uneven bottom, entirely nntitted icli(iia;4e, except at such a distance that the island would atVord no in'otcclion from sontli- liiils or M'as. The ten t'athoni line is within tl -eighths of a mile of the wcslein sliiu'e, iinilorm hard bottom outside that distance In eleven and twelve fathoms of wale iiid very 111' Liilar depths inside of it, with two sunken rocks liaviiij; thirteen and ei;4:Iiteen feet of water ii|M.ii Iheiii. Alioiit two hundred and twenty yards south of the extremity of the reef at the south end of \u' Inland, and a i|'iaiter of a mile from the island, there is a sunken rock with sixteen feet of \i.i:i'i upon It. The sonilieastern face of the island is free from sunken r( lit has broken, irre;;ular bottom i- niiiiii^; the base of the dill's aloii;;' this shore there is a rocky shelf Just under water, and the hie ' iif tills slii'lf is almost vertitial down to three and five fathoms of water. oiith of the line of kelp (which eommences ntV the norlheasterii | lart of the island and runs U"i\: the eastern tace of the detached rocks to the northward) tln'ic are live and six fatlioiiis of w.iiir v.'iv close to the shore. Sandy, sticky, and unifonii bottom in ten fathoms of water is 171211 1- c yj T I Ml, IK (;■ If „ ^ 41)8 I'Aciiic coAsr ni.oT. t'oiiuil olV tlif siinlluMsl lace iil' tlic isliiitd, iit a tlistaiici' til' niic ci^'litli of a iiiiU> I'l tlio wattT a|i|icai'.s to ilrt'iicii mily a lallinni in a iiiiaitcr of a mile. um slidu . ,iiii| Niiii'lN -lour ami nni'lliinl miles .soiilli scvciily cijilil ilf;,'r('r.". wcsl (S. 7S ' Wj iVniii |i !lllc. lion Island tlifSdiindiii^' ^ivcs | ii,,iii ||„, north end of |i,i> island, and one mili' IVum tin' mairsl sliciic. 'i'licii' is a drplli ni i i^lii,., „ ratlioms tlircc and a iinartci' milrs sontli nl' lli<> islaml and al>onl iliirc mdcs soiiili of |)r^i nii'tinii Islantl. \'ani'on\i'i' savs lie anclioicd in t went v one latlioins of water ovei' soft, sandy, and miKhK bottom. The exiimiiiatioiisor the (Joasl Snrvey have mateiMally ledneed the i'e)ioited size ol tlii- i-l.ini!. Tiie extent of tile isl.ind and reels is one and line, ei^litlis miles noitliriorllieast liv ii.iii .1 miU> in width, and a thoioiiu'li leeoiiiiai^^sanee has developed the I'aet that it allnids no pKit.riHH jraiiist southeast weiitln I'ai'l. pi' ^ll t'xpi'iieneed in heavy and thieU wealiier iVoiii the southward. Tiihs. — The aveiai^e rise and fall of I he tides at 1 lest rm-t ion Islam! is sexcn ami lliiceleiirn^ li The time and heiuht of eaeh tide lhroii.;lioiil the ye, 11 are H'adils ohiained iVom ilu iii tallies which are |inlili>lied annually. I'iiid the time and liei;;lit ol' the rei|iiired tides Astoi ia, then the lime of I Desl met ion Island is lortv I w n minutes eai I iei in standard time, or one hour eai lier in h and tlie 1 1 el;; hi of I he tide nine tenths of a loot almx e that ^'i\ en lor Astoria ; the lime oT is I'orty si\ miiinles earlier in slandard tune, or one hour ami lonr minnles in local lim hei;;hl of the low waier two teiilhs ol a loot lielow that ^^ivcn lor Astoria. ////(//•"(/(■((//////. — The easiei n side of Di'struelioii Isl.nid alVorils the onl\ proiier aiic the \ icinil V oT the Islaml. ilKli w ;ilii ,il 'I Ml lllllc, p'A ',;||,M ir, .illU llir mr.ur III I'"ioni one hair to oiic ipiarier miles olV it the soiindiiitrs are ipiile refjular iVoin ten to tat lion IS, with hard I ml loin, 1 111 1 inside of ihal I he liniiom is liioUeii, lull not so liadl\ a S eJM'U Ih II . No danj;eroiis roc lis are loiiml on this side until \iiv c to sill 'It and ill r.icl weic ll iml I'm llic .sea, vessels eoiild lie in jilaecs aloii;;side the w.ill of rock foiiiiiuL: I lie Iter mark. Hut r\ I'll tills side is only sale diiriii;; iioilherls .iml northwesleil.s w inds; at llieliist indication o; .1 mnli eriy wind a \essel should ;:oliisca. The snr\ i'\ in;,' liri.u Fttiiiidciiiij had iw ice to slip in 1 1 il'lr, once in the middle of tile lli;:hl, when the wind came up - .i|ilenl.\. The eiiirellls olV I )csl rile! ioii l.^laild are usually to c liollliwi slward : the sllixesili;; li:u I'liuud this liiioral drill. Ill ITT'i llecela and r.ode;,M report thai in calm wcalhei llie\ found the em rents luiiiiiii;; •" the south south « est ill This \ ii-inil \ . Ill .\prtl, l7!tL'. \a leoin cr was coinpellei 1 to anchor in Iweutyone lalhoms of waui "mi 1 liotloin of soft sand and mud, with the middle of Kesiriielion Ul.ind he.irin;; iioiili, disl.m: mi-' lea;,'iie. and he had llie ciirn'iil selling: iapidl.\ on shore. This eiiri eiil w ,is diiftiii;: his \omIiiiI.i dan.Ljcr. Whilst al ainlior oin' day he found "a constant current, withoiil iiilcrrupi ion. sctiiiii; 111 the line of the coast to the iKiilliward at a linitbim rate of nearl\ half a lea^;iie per licnii." lie fuilliermore stales th,i I after passing' Cape (>i lord he had heen ie^;nlarl.\ thus alhiieil. i'hI eairii'd to llie iiorlliwaid ten In luehe miles per da\ farther than was expected. When a M'ssel is outside Deslriictiiiii Isl.iiid the h'^li laud liehiml I'api' r!li/alielli is m.~ iii' with a loll;; depression lie! ueeii I uo 1 leiatelv \\\'^\\ 1 1'liiidin;; peaks. This liias lie I lie Siulil"- 1 1 ill of -Meares: hill of the Sadd ml llieic are two other hills of eoiial hci;;lil elo,-.c to each other ami to ll Tl lel'e IS 110 hav or liaibor In tweeii I'oiiil (ili'lixille ami Cape I''l,lllel\ Willi ca| shelterili'' ve I'estrnction Island fiirnishis ihe oiil,\ shellei, .ind is the t)lijecli\e \ 1 sealing; schooners alon;; this coast when llie\ are seckiii;; pidieciiini in summer. 'I'lie !;eo;.'iapliical position of the southwest pari of the island has liceii deleimim U. S. Coast and I.uii!. •il.sl li\ h.iir ,1 111! |il(il.i I:m1i Ills, ;i> Ml ,iic« '('(•■tCllllI - li <■■ Viiiii llii li.!> 1iil;1i \\ ;ilii .11 ' ill InC.ll ;illli', I' (if Ill'A 'i,ll''l I illM', Mllll till Irli III ; wiIm ;is rl.M'uliiii .' ii mil I'ii ;i.i rU. I'.iu 1 wi, (III of ,1 illi'll .li|i ill I ' i''i . Ill \ i'.\ III.: ' r. il > I iiliiiiii:; ■' vv.Ui'i "\i 1 . I. lii.sl.in: "!i his \ I'S.^i I ml'' I'ACIKIC COAST riLOT. 49!) Ill .hiiiiiar.v, 1SS."», the niiifint'tic viirialioii wii.s L'- ' '.\'>' iMst, with a .yearly iiion'nso of I'.O. Ihi' l'('lli'»iii^' l»'aiiii;;s ami (listanccs aio ^ivcii to proiiiiiK'nt olijccl.s tVoiii tlic .south i)art of 111.' .1 where il lias been iiropu.sed to [ilaee a Iii;;lil Luiise: Capr |lis:i|>|ii>iiilMiriil, Niiilli Ihail ;!» ' V. lliinv iiiilsHJi. (ira.v's Ihirlioi- Ilai- 111 K, Anil this lliii' iiiih.srs liall' a iiiili' iiisidi' ,Sra-Liiiii K'lii'K al IIiIiIi'i'm anil Iwii-tliiiils iiiIIin; anil tliri'r-i|uaiii is of a iiillc oiilslili' iit' Sjilil K'iM'k at nI.vIci'Ii ami inii'liall' iniliM CaiM l.li/alirlh S. .»;!■' li. Anil I III' 'inn villi' Anli l{iirk lirs mi I he sanii' lirai'iii^iii'arly t wriity- Ciiiir null's ilistaiit. I aiiiill Islrl lir\ iinil ('ii|i(" .Inlinson K( inili'H. 18 milcH. ■JO iiiiluH. N. 17^ \V. •-'•J iiiilea. Anil this liiii' iiassi'M iirarly liiiinriil to Janus Ishiml at liflirii and iiiir-liair mills. Ilrieta (.Iiilv 14, 177.")) sav.s thai in 17 .W lir t'onnil la l.sla rasa (a (lattoi»petl i.slantl) wliieli he ii.inii'il la Isla lie lo.s Dolores; anil that it was cox-creil uitli ]ii lie trees anil wa.s a leafiiie in lin iiiriiii nee. 'I'liis lias licen snpiio.sfil to apjily to Destinetion Islainl; lint the. (le.scri[»tioii ami |Hisilinii are not applieahle to it. II ri'i'i'iveil its present name, liy which only it is known on this roast, in 17.S7, I'roin Captain i;,iki l\ 111 tlie Impiridl FmijU; who sent a loiij; lioat fioni Iviiij; (!eor;;e'.s Soiinil to explore as tar .siiiiili .IS lalilmle 47 '. The otliei'is ami crew of a smaller Imat entereil a shallow river (lither the Hull 111 the (^Miillihiilei ami I'owcil up some distanee. where they wi'ie attaclvcil ami iiiiirileriil liy tlic linliiiis. In 17.><.S Mcares <'amc upon the Islaml in southeast weather ami liail j;i'eat ilillieiilly 111 wi'Mihi'iiiiti it. It was while in the vieinify of this Islaml that he saw the hifjh land bi-hind I'liiiit (.nmiianlt, showing as a saddle. \ aiii'iiiner retained Ueikely's name and plaeed it in latitude 17' ;>7' north. De Mofras ili...i-iMli's it in his ;;fnei'al chart I. dc Dolores. III LS.')!,' the coast snrveyiii^steanii'r ran Itetweeii the Islandand the shore on a strai},dit course. .iiiil iiiiiml no less than si.\ and one half fathoms. The irconnaissance of l.StK! shows that a tail' jiassa^c exists lietween it and the mainland, il ilial a eoiiise halfway lietween them will prohablN carry in no piae(^ le.ss tiian six and one- was examined h.ill lillioms ot water; lint the locality has not lieeii examiiii'd in detail. It iiiit.iiiMly in the hope of limlin;; aiicliora;^es a;;aiiit lioth northwest and southeast winds. (Uudihythc /)'((//. — This is the name {iiven liy Meares to the lii;;lit formed liy the recession of ihi'shiiie south of the (,tiiillihiite liiver to a short distance south of Destruction Island which he says Ins III Ihe middle of the liay. In want of somesiieei il desijjnation we ii'tain the name. Alircast l>i'~:iiii'litiii Island the main shore continues iiortli uiity dci,'rees west (N. .itP W .) fioin a little >iiiil!i lit the Island to the lloli lliver, then curve: St ward lot two miles to Iloli Head. t'liiiii iliili Head the two points in line to the iinrilnvest are Teahwhit Head and .lames Island .Il ilie <,>iiilliliiite inoiith. They lie north sixty one de;;rees west (N. (il \V.) from Hull Head, thi^ liisi i'i;;lit and inic sixth miles the latter ti'ii and threelifths miles, with Cake Island on the same i;iii^;r i«i> and iine-ei};hth miles lieyond. r.iiwten Hull Head and Teahwhit Head the coast is very irri'^^ularly broken and falls back ;ii h.ill a dii/.en bijilits about one and three-ipiarler miles, 1 111' rliIVs are moderately lii;;h, ranyiii;; from tifty to one hundred and lifty feet in lieinht, and ill me wiMiilid to their ed^;es. Several small streams break tliroiij;li the line of elitls, The points Mil' lii^h and I lit tin;;, with numerous rocks olf each (k'scriptioiis cil' tin' rollDwiii^ . Alihty IsUi. — This is a rock.v islet, two liuiidred yards in tliauieter, l.vinj^ eluse nndei iii and eonneeled witli tlieni at low water. It is ijut'i- and one-tliiid miles noilli Iwini. dej;ieeseast (N. -1 K.) Ironi the north end ot hcstrnelion Island. The liri;;ht elills of ii, 8liure arc alxuit one hundred feet Ligli, and this islet has the same height ami is wiimli it lormiu}; the stuith point. Tlif liiu' of soumlin;;s lietwccn Destruction hl.itiil mhI Ablie.v Islet shows a maximum depth of .si-ven and three fourths lalhoms over samlv l>i>iiii (N. 4:5'' K.) from the north end of Uesfruclion Island. The tleejiest water between it ami the Island is seven fathoms, a little nearer the nrk ili.n. the I.slaml. S'lirtli l^'llt^L■. — This is a black rock about oiu^ humlred and lifty yards long and f(iii\ ynil- wide, lying southeast and northwest, with neaily vertical sides. It is one hundred feel alum-ilii sea, with deep water elose under ils southeast laci , where a ilepth of four fathoms is foiiinl m\h yards from the face of the elitf. It lies four aih iie fourth miles mirth eighteen degnr^ wi-i (N. 1S'< W.) from the north end of nestruetion Island, ami one and one-sixth miles souili iliiii\ degret's west (."^. .'>(P \V.) from lloli Mead. It is soMietinu'S made out ipiit*' plainly when proiected against the whitish, broken i |ii!> northwest and southeast of the small bay umler tln^ Head. I.«'tween it and l)estruction Islaml the depth of water is niiu' to ten fathoms o\er ir;,iil,ir liuttom. M'uhlle I\i)ik. — This is a black rock lifty yards in extent ami forty feet high, with m.ii' \ i tieal sides. It lies a little over half a mile fr/" -v Thk \ii'\\Hiif lii'Htnii limi Ixlitiiil unci MiljMi'riil 0 fnft. NSV. by N., 7 inilM. Hooch or Hoh Heart. Ab'.)ey Islaud Head. l,;illlliN lltl' l»l;lliil. lifHtnictiiiii I«linnl, UO fo«t, N\V. by N., -1 mi'»s. Hooeh or Hob Head Si m \S II '^ y m > /;,U ,1; .' } N .'•1' f. ■■ > .i%i',ii ?iir 'p \i ., I; • 1 ^ Mi 1 i fi < 1 1 |fllnE il M ii -^.^si,:My3?ttL ^•**:>» J ;44.Ui^4i*5.t6*pMlif_*i5.*^.- '4 llnnc'ii Kiv.T V.illey. N. 4J miles. E%U».gi-M5^ijaau*Ji'itiWii/iiiiitejir>'rfii'rr'.-' "■?K IX'i f.-i t IV'iilhyiiti- Inl.iiiil. •■!\i U-v.X. Kiiuriilfd I^hiri.l, lv.".t Cr.-i. I'lTklllM Ki ,.-^w. . ' ■•■. 'f'i-4**-':i'iCtl':^-'^*!^i^;r'«4t'**^^ H"iM li If!,, r \'alk'_v. iJesIriii'tii.ii iiliuul, ItO fm AIU..-V Isluiul HiM.I, NK. lix N. i N.,:iiuil.-. j^^jag. i iilwBiijun.', -- '~MK»a>>-_-«MlHBite_'jgtiiBtji:'j[ A'l'xiiii.ItT Islniiil, IJl ('.■.I, Norlti Kill k. 1 110 1,.,-t Mo.mI] m Moll Il.-.iil, NNW.r^ milr f^^:ii^>:<;r!^iiWw*^4,j,5^ ,4. v..,;.; ,. .- .,,..,-,..:„„.»«. Icy. De.stnu'tM.ii ■-Uniil '.I'J fm '. NK. ^ 1-: , '.i ii,il«.i. i UjJ: r.' i I. 01 If::: I! in L 'f!- :|" •"1 ill: m ^'{ i iili 1*4 •^'':| '*,■.' ■ 1 181 61. < fol Wi IDi' hi I ail' Ik OX' '11.1, III. iiii'i' III <; 51 \ I r «l W' '" we (S «ii: il 'li !•( It bl' h|{ jh I, It: ll,i/.y i li'iii; I i PACinC COAST I'll.oT. !ii> liciii'li sdiitli of IIdIi nivfi'i'iiii 1)1' Iravcli'il lni' iniiiiy iiiilrs. 1 ill' Midillc l{ii('k lies two tliirils ul' a riiilr wi'sl sdiiIIiuc.nI lioiii llif pii'scni imnitli. 501 V \i pii'M'iit tilt' inline (>(■ tlic l!i\i'i' is |)niii( iiiiccd linh hs tlic liidjiiiis liviiij^ llicrc. In 1857- t6i><: '■i\ pi'oniMiiircil it lloixli (ili as in (ii'iniaii /i .'.),.>!' Ildnli, •\ ,>oiiif it is lii'licM'il dial this was tin' |)lai'<' \\ licic Iwd (il'llic Dlliccis and Ibiir men of llic/ If,, -il /.'(((//(', Captain Meikley. were niiiideicd in 17S7. ,,/, //,,((/. — 'I'liis is llie iiijili hii^;lit elin'l\inj,' li\(' and one half miles iioi 111 t weiily de;;rees Ifc \. L'd W.) fiDiii the iiiiilh end of l)eslnieliiiii Island. i Mm l(ii;,'lit jiai I of I he elilf is ovei I 'vo liiindied feel lii;,'h and is eoxcred with a dense fir forest, gti. Miiiv: iiilaiiil ip\ei- moileialeiy low rolling; hills, It juts out over half a mile lieyond the ;;<'ii- er, ii\('of the shore, and has liii;;hl elilVs to the north and to the southeast one mile, where thi I-- a shallow hav half a mile liroad \\ ith lii;;h and low water beaches. I'he liri;;lit elilfs do not ftii- this hay. lint the Idiilf is hi-h and eo\ered "ith fir. When I lesniielion Island hears north- ^' i'\ north .>e\ en miles distant, and this point t U4'l> ■■ miles away, the l)rii;lit elilf is seen ii little flpv hill a width of Deslinetion Island to ll< ea-^l vv :ii'd. and •lames Island at <,)iiillilinte Point t^'i. M time widths of the Island to the wesi -ard. Over the lirifilit elitVs of .Miliey Island the. Mil III' seen at their highest poiiil. I I ins sliL;hll\- pioiectini; head is hold and eoiispieiiiiiis fioiii ale ni; the shores; the color is dark III ilie material coiijilomorate; the elilf-. on the seawaid face are impassable. North of tln^ i|iil 1 lie shore can be \\ alked and climbed, with ccilaiii delniirs lliroiii;li the forest. 'I'lie elilfs, ir|ilaMhe head, are yellowish el. ly. Tlieie mi;;hl lieanchora^;e iimler I loli I lead, but the ap- dn lies aie tilletl with low sioil.i ii mkAs. stretching oni as lar as one mile south by west from the SikI. Oilier locks lie lietwei'ii il and the North I Jock, and a lar-c cluster lies olf t he South (Mill' iir -.liallow lia\ . //(( I'irhiiix It'll/, two hundred \arils in e\ieiil, lies one and oneei;;htli miles west half south V ' S.l from the head. Il is lai;;i' and j.ijiued. Ill luecii this reef and the shoii' is a \isible rock and two simkeii mcks near it It is a daii- ^ri"i> liicalil,\ . I'cikins reef is a low. bald i--li'l about t\\riily feel abip\ e I he sea. 'I'liree and one half miles west liom lloli Head the depth of water is llfteeii fathoms, and iiir 111 I )i'.s| ruction Island t'le Imttom is iiiiite iiiiifoini after passing; North Hock. U flir Licouraphical |iosiliiinof the e\licmil.\ of Huh llcnl. as determined b\ tlu' I . S. ( 'oast i! ' lelic Sin \ fy, is : l.:ililinli- 47 1'. i: iiMrlli. Luiifiitililr IM -,".1 :!."i wi'st. I lie iiearesi points to the iiortiiwest are Teahwhit I lead, ei;;lil and oiielliird miles north 4x .'lie decree west iN. (11 \\'.), and the liii,'li and notable James Island, just southeast of lli(< 6ir iiile Kiver mi the same bearing; and ten and I w o i hiids miles distant. I h,ili lull I'rii'l;.- 'I'wo miles north norlhwest fnnn lloh Head, in the liif,dit of .Mcxaiider Island, (|i' hi) is broken down by the pass.i;;e of the ('hah lalt (reek, a very small slieain with narrow iiM s|,its mi either side, and a blnlf biliind the soiitli spit. This stream can be forded. I lie III i^lit elilfs .lie broken ilow n and wooded for half a mile south of the creek : to the iiorlli- I'l ilie\ eontiiiiio bri^^ht ami nnbroki'ii for three miles, and risetoone Inimlred and mie hiindred III 1 ueiity feet alxne the water, \ ith beaclies here and there. The outline is much broken, and Hi heads and oiitlyiii;; rocky isl Is, wooded above their steep sides, line the shore at distances 11' I iirj line and :i half miles !>oia the shore. These piculiar islets laii^e Ifom one hundred .iiul 1 1 II to twenty live fee'. I • I'liiilir Ixliniil. — This modeialel.\ lii;ili, b.iie island lies jiist twn miles north lift\ tue de;,'rees ' \ ...1 \V.) frmii Hull Iliad and se\eii and Iwo llnids miles north Iwcntyseveii decrees west \\.) from the .soiiili point of I >cstriictimi Island. .\llhoii;;h llrs Island is far inside the lli^' il ionises of vessels on I he Coast, and has visible and hidden il;iii;;eis mnside of it, yet it is a w iiiiij,'iii/ed object from seaward. lis ;;ieatest li'ii^;th is four Imiidred and lifly \aids westiim IliwesI and east southeast and its b: liii about one hundred and eii;lil,\ sards, li is une liiiinlied and twenty one feel above the Hi I le and nearly Hat topped with sleep side;.. Allhoii^h but one mile from the shore, Net in II .iiid smoky weather it is seen st.indiii;; mil jirmiiiiientls trmn the In ii;htei elilfs as il were a milai to Deslnicl Island in ficiieral f" lislanci' from the shme 1 1 is SI nailer bill \ ci \ si ii.inci Til 'le are llilee sinil.i II KiiA.s in ilstei iiia:l\ a hall null' sunlh of 111 islet. One i ' P ' p TTTT »l ifr » ill' M' I. J ■)()2 I'Aciric COAST ni.oT. ami one ci^'litli miles iioitli si\lv seven (ie;^iees west (N. >'<' W'.t tVoin tlie iinrtli piiint nl' llir i>l,.i llieri' is a )(i(/, (iinish al lu\\ walei, and liallwaN lielweeii il ami llie i^let is a small rnek I .um:\ li\f feet lii;;li. Iiisiile ami to llie noil ii\\ anl ol tills ilanuer are Iwo small idclvv iiias^c -., nn, lorlyl'iMir ami tlie otlur seveiit\ I'mir feet liiuli. The Kill chill irliili 1,'irir is a small sImmiii luca'ciii^ llinMi;ili the elills alimil one ami ilm, liUirtlis miles mirtliwcsl li\ noiih iVuin .\le\amler Island. Il lireaUs sliai |(1,\ lliioiii;li tin' ,li||. It is alioni one mile east of 'I'o-le ak Point. It empties between two elills ulueh aii',ilini| one linndreil I'eet lii,:.;li and eo\cied willi Icirests to the edue, so thai the ii\er is inaeeessiiiji- iii.ii the l>eai'hes outside. .\ sliiut distance alio\e its mouth the stream divides into twn-i , ,, neither of wliieli is iia\ if;al)le. On tin- westerl\ liiluitaiy there is a heaiitifnl waterfall. TO I K AK I'l'INT AM) lIOfNDKI) ISl.AML Ten miles noilli thirt\ tour de},'rees west (N.^ll W.) from the south jioinl of Dc^ii in ;i,.i all narrow point with a knoUnt the e.\ti'emit.\, a sharp slope to sea Uillll. IIM Island there is : ;;i'nlle slope to the neek inside. Outside of this is a threat hare reef wiili a lii^li wondeil i>!ci mii. hundred and t weiii.v h\ e .\ aids in e\t»'nt, as the western limit. There are two houses on ihe lu.ini. 1' oin tlie ai>proat li,\ land this ])oint with its outl,\ in^ ro is (iiiite |iroiiiiiieiii. I'lij imi so niiieli so a me lieadlamls to Mie norlliw est ward. Close iiiidei ihe south side of the extleiiiily of the point where t he elitl breaks down iIhv, are tun Indian huts where the Indians lan' is tiiil of siiiikeii locks and rocks awash, and it is dan;,'eroiis to a|iproach in rouj:h weather. Till' point is \\ell marked li\ li'iiiniili il hhuul. which is a ;irassy rock neailv round, oiu luri drcd \ .lids ill diameier and one hnndred and I went\ nine leet hijili: it has \er\ steep snlo. I' It lies onis li.ilf a mile outside ol To le ak I'oiiil, but is readih ieco''ni/,rd Iroi 1 >e.n,:ih Two ijiiids of a mile south b\ east (S. bv I!, i from it there is a low black rock foilv or lil'i\ >a..U m extent. K'oiiiiilcil Island is ten miles iioilh tliirt.\ ei;;lit decrees west iN. -IS W'.i iroiii the soiiili |i,iiM of Itestruclioii Island. Till (liinils (I iiiri jimil. — This is a ^^ronp or cluster of rocks, some bare and some uoodnl ui, lo)i. I islli;; from ei;:lit \ ci;;lil to two hum I led .Hid t welve feci abo\ e the sea. Tliey he cIom' iii,.1i r the liif,'li, wooded blillls which reach northward for three miles Iroiii near the Keh clicii u lull Kiver. One rcseinbh's a church, another is double jieakcd, elc. Thev reach out ihmiIv ImIi' .i mile llolll li e lie.icli. a !id the f.iithcsi daii;;cr is three qiiarlers of a mile Iroiii shore. Tie \ .lie I ir inside the com-c of an\ vessel It isbeluxi'd 111. It il was in this imiiu'dialc \iciiiity tli.it a Spanish \csscl was wicrKi.! m.l all of the persons upon Ini- e\eipi nine nieii and oi e winn.in were in.issacred. I'lic -iir\ i\nis wnv taken into shi\ I'ry. At (i>uiiiiau!l, in Is.s?, the ;;raiiiisoii of the chief pieseiil ai thai massacre w;is siill IniiiK as an old man lalled Capit ui. Ills father ami (,'ir.ndfatlier boic tlie same naiiie. i- ii It had a distiiiel comieclion with the tajredy. Triiliicliil iliiiil. — This is .1 sharp, h )hl, hut noi promineni point, \\ mil; inside the line lu :■■..• •■ I)e-tiuctioii Island and .l.imes Island. It lies Ihiitceii miles mulh lorl\ l(Mir d CLirccs We si N. II \V.) from the south pi«inl of Oesu iiclnui Island, and I ^^■i and a half miles sonlli .sixty one de.;i. ■. klllfe-ed;.'e on lop. w hich Is one hiindied feel liij^li : behind lliese sharp I'llll- 'he p(Mnt ;- oln Iiumlred aim tills feel hi;,'h, and hc,i\il\ wooded behind Ihe dead trees on t he Itoiit cil The clill IS coaiiioscd of dark con;,doiiieiale. There are 110 known il.in^^eis iminedi.i ' iliis point. The Indian name is Te ali'w hit (accent on ah 1, w Inch, in the ( 'hiiiook i,ii;;on, sl;;iiilic-. Till 1 1 III! li Ill/Ill II li'iii /,.— Half wa\ between Tealiw In I Head and .lames Island, at the iiioiillioi in (.biiHihule l.i\ei. Iherc Is a mi;, i mi^ed clilf slreleliin;; oiil sbuhlly from the line of w oodcil Mull. rwothirds of a mile oil the are elills is a cluster ol se\en h loiks islets, se\ en l"W 011 ami a sunken rock. Two of the inner isleis h.i\e hei;:lits of one hundreil and niiiels I wo r liniidr«d .tiid twenty three feet, and the latter islet is wooded. IIuntiii;,Moii Ul;ind is the oulermosi lar!.;e is'. ■\ and is abi iil one hundred and ei;;litN > i' eslciit, has marl,\ \ cilieal siiles. a Mat lop. and bnre. o is o;ie hundred and thirty live feel ii -' yiii'lehiiiu one Ihinl mile soiilheast ward tioin Huntington Islet is a line of rocks; two of tliom .in '*! •|"( lit oT II:.. i^i,., 1 I'lcU I A('!i!\ \ lllil.s.Ms. ,,||. 'Ill' :iHc| till, , ill.Ull lllf I'lill-, lil'll MIC jillll ; (■«'(";>lli|r III, I > two slMMlil- I'all. if l>r>lri|i ;;,,- '•:n('iiiil, ii:u ., Miclnl l.sli't mil S Sillivs, tViirii .MMi.ii.i r lit'lN >:i, !- • ic siiiilli |i,ii' ! I-H IIIC Wiioilnl III lie cliiM' iii,,li'i vrll fiirh • ':. Ill', II \\ l.iii 'I'lli'S ,ii,> I i\ s uii'i-k, ■! i;i.i -IU\ l\ Ills \ir|, lli;iss:lrri- U.I- lie liaiiii'. 1- 1- line lii-i u,., .s wrst iN. U l\ (ilii ' ' U'^ mil |iitciu-. V |Miini ;■ riiMt c'l iiiiii'ili.i ' lj;llllir> ■ <' lllolltll oi I'l' VMinilr,! '"'hI' •vrll ImW •• ■ -. \ tun ,1 ijjlily \ II live Ci'cl u> (il tli'Nri ,11' t. .VA il if' H Bi n . ' i .fn ii„i_ ii i i iglawp^rtrti liiHtriu'tiiiii IkIhihI, .:-->^^ - ••"' ■ ■x.-f ■ ^•w^r-^w^.^r*'' 'I'hr.'.- vii'ws ii( C.i^i^i. :ippi.,:u'liniK tlif (^iilli Mountaiiifi of Vhi. ,-■ ; l-lmid. C'aki- IsI.hmI. llhirri. ('«ll..:l W.H-k, -."IM f,., ■ t'lipi' .llllllisnil. I'iiniaclc K.nk. I'JO IVcl- (up. 1 l.ni. 'v. NNW'.. :ir iiiiicM, ""**|B(, l>iHtriii'tiiiii IkIhihI, itd fi'Kt, N. Iij K, ^ K... lU iiuIi'h. I'f i'ii:iM, :ipi.i.,ailini« {\\<- (^iiilli> lit.- Kiver fmiii Ihi' Siisl. gTJ nram> .111 my ^ , — — --^^^^ j^^^ ipjaaamTaM ;::.::. ^rv^^'^'-*>.y;:i.^^-^*.£ri,y'y'-: Vmlliyul.- Maud iiml Uivr. N. 4 W., In niil.-s. .,1 1' wgp . ■! iii;i(Vi/Vv L-j- JtiMui ' -i ■ ■-j.^ji i . i ij.Bm .ujL i jm w f ' - ' -" • -■'!'ni:/ag' y *■ .' !■ ;^3i Hi m MlllUllll^l^ mC \'a Ciiiim!] K.iiK. •."Ill iVi riiiiiaclc KcM k, l-.'i; 1. .1. ( ii|ii TACII ic COASI' IMI.nl'. r)03 I V ,iMii imil ScM'lilN lliirc tcci lil;;|j. Iliicc ;iic Inw.iiiil lihii'K, Mini il I liil'il lil;;li inic Cilllt'd tlic , lililllr Ni'i'tllc l> llii' riiiisl (li>|;iiil. 1 1 IS Mill in n lliirl> li\i' li rl in iliMiiicIcl' illlil i> rlH;lll\-(lirt'r I III lirli;lif, MiMliillli;: ll|> iii';irl,\ M'llir.il In llii' v|i,u |i ;i|>i'\. Tii llic iichIIiuisI oI (lie I liintili;;- II l.'iirk llirii' ;iir I'lM' l<>\t lilark riirks rracliiii}; nut tiii(''i|iiai liT ol ii mile ami oiif. .siiiikcii nwk I licMiiiil I 111' Hiilri IIII1.--I one. ■nti- (,u'ii.i null': imvkk. 'Ill I'miii Hull llrail Id llir liiiilll li iiC this K'lM'rtlic ;;i'iirl:il iliii'ilioM of tin- riiasi lliii' is Mortlr M, I l.\ vM'.sl hall' wr.sl (N\V. In W. .\ \V.) Cur (ni anil two-lliinls miles. .Iiisl nmlii id' Hull III, III llii' >liiiir ifiTiIrs 1(1 till' mu'liiraHt wani ol the aliiivc coiiisf' iirail.v I wo miles ami is ^;iiari|etl li\ mam tucks ami iiiikv inIiIs alfeailv lee|i illlls aiiiiiml eaili m,. ami ei)\ eieil witli niei;iiii |iiiie. The liii;;er one is sliy;litly tin' lii-liti ami uses prolialilv one liiimlieil ami tweni \ li\ e I'eel aluiMtlie sea. 'I'lie l,ii;;er islet anil I '.Ml III I lie smaller mies are eon nee lei I v\ illi llie inainlaml liv a liiw u aler islliinii . ; the tliiril is a lilil itsiili'. .\t the lime III' the lami siii\e\ the islels ui>ie altai'lietl In the main sliiiie liy low iJV i>tliinilse.s, but ill ISs; ihes as ilesei ilieil. 'I'liese iiulalile laiiilmaiks are verv reaililv II I ii;:iii/eil lieeaiise tlie slime line lielilml tlieiii I'lir iieail.N a mile In the mnthui'st ami a mile tii tlio -i.iiilieasi is a lii'iiail. hare s.iimIn lie.nli, ami the valley ul' the <,»iiilliliiile i;i\ er, altliiiii;;li liea\'ily »iiiiileil. is liiu ami tial. ami reeeiles ■.niiiru hat. Tlie laiuesi Islet, imw ealleil .laims Islanil, is lifteeii ami niie half miles miilli I'liity seven ill :.iri'S \\est ( N. 17 W .) fl i it entered the ocean, was oiih sixtv live vards wide, hut inside of this vv;is the lai^je hiuooii, and into the la;;oon the eoniliined mouths of the \>iiilliliuti' and Dickodoch- till. 11 lliveis eiileied. riieir coiiiIiiiu'iI width was three hnmlri'd and ei;,'lity yards, the I )ii'kiiiloi'li tedar hein;;- alioiit liliv yards. Till Cm-, under .limes Island, or (,>inllilinte Head, allonls a slight shelter in muthwest winds in three ami um- h.ilf to I'mir I'.ilhoms water over sandy linllom. In such uealher ihe Indians l.iiim-h their caiioi'.-, in ihis cove. In suiilheasl weather tliev laud on t he outer lieacli north of ill' head. The cove is tliiee ipiai Icis nl a mile wide from .lames Island soiitheasl liy east to tin h ja;,'L;en elill.s alileasi of Illllltlll'.;'im I; oeu. am I Is half a mill' iliep lo a Iniiu', broad, sandy 'ich wi h a ii.>. Iiaek inlrv foi'iiiiii;;- p.irl of the vallev of the <>»uilliliii le l;iver. Tl lere are no viinvMi di ii'^i'i^ , this ( ove, and it has lieeii used liv otter liinilcis .iinl liailcr- W leii ,. VI s, 'I is a short distance olV the <'oast abreast <,>iiillilinli', the smoke from the villaiie - seen !';;■. II, st ( le dai'l '111' half west I ;reen ol the lir hills lievoml. When . I. lines Island lie. lis north en miles ilisiaiil, il i s seen as a low. liMi". black islet with liiuher wooded mil bi'voiid ami Ihesiill fail her oM and liiul let moiiiitain.^ mmcdialelv son theast of it is the dark, low, ded poliil fniiiiiti;; d,,. south side of Hi e liiver, am I still latthei southeast the Tealivv hit lleiul. Ti: H M ..^... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 l^|2£ |2.5 ^ ^ |2.2 m V] .%. '^^^; .^ > "^ '/ /A fliotographic Sdences Corporation 93 'WfSf MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. MStO (716) •72-4S03 A ^ i 1 A 504 I'Arii'ic* roAsT Pii.MT. : '>i 1 » .1 l,:'V I .iiinl From tlic saiito point of view, ontsidi' of tltc Islaml ait>si'«'n flio bills of ('ii|n> I'latlcrv. ,,||, wliii-li ami iiiiii'li lii;:lM>r rvtcnil tin- lii^'li iiiiiiiiitaiiis nl' \ ani'oiivri' Islaiitl u itii ( 'arinll l>laiii iii,. the western iioitil tliereiir aiitl I'iiinaele K'oeK close iiii its outer side. I'iiit wlieii .lames I t„| : seen l)eariiip: iioitli northeast si\ miles, it Htanils out well detiiied as two Islets, tin' ,||, appearing elose mi tlie west ot the larger, ami liotli nearly as lii;;h as the wooded liiil~ A low f,'ap appeal's on the east sidi' of ih" head, and then ste»'p, woodeil shores. We ]>as.sed witliin two miles of these foeks in 1S(!7. Outside cit these la lid mat ks are seiMi on the hiui/oii Cape l''latterv at a distanee of tliii ' miles, with i'aMoll and nthei' rocks near Cape .lidinson inside, and the I'latterv roeks ( One mile outside of these Iock.\ and wooded Islets the l'ec(iniiaissaiiee chart o! |.S.">'_' '^\\vn .sei in seventeen .iiid ei;:liteeii fathoms of water over sands Itoitoni. The ;reo;:iaidiical posiliiui of the western point of .lames Island, or «^»iiilliliiite II •lefermilled !»> the I'. S. Coast and Ceodetic Siiixey. is; l.aliliiilr 47 r>l II- iiiirlli. l.< The <,>iiilliliiite is the lai;;est liver cinptyiii;: upon the sealioard of NVashinjiton Teiriii" ll rises tlfteen miles to the north northeast, iiiider the hi;,'li llaiikin;^ masses ol' the ( )|\ r |,ii> Mountain, that reach prol)alil,\ a liei;;lit ot' tive thousand feet. There are three Inanclies. ni uhli the northeriifiiost enters the <^>n:llj|iiite nearly at the mouth. The lower part of the ri\er can lie navi^rated liy small river steamers, it has a strmiL: ''iiMint Mild such volume of water that it can not lie lorded. At one time it emptied lietwecii .fnns Inland and tli«> (jiiillihiite villaj^e. The s<'|iooiier connected with the trading; post anchors in the cove east of .lames IsI.iimI n smooth weather; if a swell comes up she is compelled to seek an oiling;. The clitfs of the l.tiiillihiile l>lets are pri-cipitoiis and composed of a dark coii;,doiiier.ili There is a ;;ood site lor a life-saviiij; statltMi here. The river w;i> lirsi known as the Kwil lehynl li\ the Chelialis Indians, and the Kw iiieetiil ..r Kwi del' 111! liy ilie .Miikk.iws. The tiilie occiipyiii;: this river speak a lan):na;;e entirely di>i:'iil fioiii the Miikkaws and tlie'i'sj heli lis. We lielie\e this is the liver where the crew and oi! ■ is of one ot' the explo'iii;; lioatsof the liiiiirriiil /'.'nf/Zc under Captain l'.<'rkel_\ were innrdeied in l>; In the SiiiiiliMiiii.in Ciintnlinlioiis to Kiiowled;re, L'L'd, it is referred to as K wille'\ iiir imm t.iiies; ill 1S."(7 it was wiittiii K w il leh' ynte l.y (lililts; on the Chart, .'l, it is <,>uiMe\ iili-, I this is nsc«l until ISTD, wIicm it is ;:i< en on the (Iciieral liandUDice map as (,Mi1ll\liiili'. ou present co;i«t cliari it is <,>uillihnte. The Indian \illa;,'e we have iiu'iiUoiied is very likely the 8t(M!kaded village relcricd i ■ li\ .Meares in .Inly, ITSS. Itiil tliw ii iil .i» forinerly located as dcscriliod liy Meares, North of the t^iiillihiite K'lvei the shoreline has a narrow low water beach, ami a nan ■« lii{;li water lieach under the steep wooded Idnlfs tor two miles to the northwest. Twdthiids m .i iiiiU; aliov<< the (,>iiilliliiite, a ver> small stream Wreaks down the liliilf. hut it docs not cut its » l^ throllUli the Iteaclies. Cull A'rx/,.— 'I'wo and one ei;,'litli miles north sixty three decrees west (N,(l,'> W'.M'ioiii im nolalile lie:ids at the mouth of the <,>uilliliute lliver, there is a lai;;e, llat, rocky islet standin;: " »' and a third iiiiIch from the shore. It presents the .same appear:) nee from all directions, .imi i conspieiioiis landmark known to all the masters of \'es,sels on this < oast. It is two hiindied \ards loii^ northwest and southeast, on« linndre liiindred and sixteen feet in lieij;ht, with ver\ steep sides and a ief;nlarand grassy top w Imli rises into a sli;,dit round mound in the ini.hlle altont twenty leet lii;,'h. Halfway lietwceii it .mi tlie nearest shore is a .jiiK;,'«'d rocky mass 1 iiiwl Kiv.T, NNK., !'■ iiiil'ifc ■•j,..-» - .:,>• '■iwi'iW— M I Willi II 1' lll-I lll> MTI ll.lM' mill Hi ll lilW , .1 mi h I,' MMI .:V ■A \ i lie- lilii 0|, til. .1 )i III! lllll llii I'AciKic cDAsi ni.M'i'. 6()r> II, :i It' Itrt alM)vc tilt' s«'i». WIm'ii seen Iroiii tin- iinitli finl iil' Dcsl ruction Island, ('iikc Im1:iiiiI i, >, ,11 iiiiisiili of lliinlini;ttiii Kixk (one IiiiiuIitiI iind lliirt,vliv<> IVft IiIkIii aiiil the <,>iiilljliulc II, I , nr , I. lines Isliiiiil. I !irs sfvt'iilnn iinil out' liall' >nilt>H north lortv i'l;;lit ili*t;ri'i>s west (N. I.s \\ ,) tVoin tin- south ,.ii,l mI I )f.xt ruction Isliiiiil iinil Tour and two thirds niih-H south t'ortv two dci^rt'cs i-ast (S. 1:^ i:.) li'iiiii I :iiii>ll Ishiiid. I'roni ail :i|i|icaiancfH thiTi- is diM'p water around this islet. The neatest mill Mil,' il.iiiyer is a lar;,'e, i.iw. Idael; rocU, one and on»iei;;hlli miles north twents nine dejiiees »,,! N. _"• NN.) Iioin it, one mile tioiii the verv loek.v shore, anil one and oneeij;hlh of li niih' si.,i;i, •iiif half west (S. .3 \V.) Ironi «"a|»e .lohnson. I III' rt'eoniiiiissanee shi'i-t ol' IS.'rj ;;ives a depth of seventeen I'athoms over sand.v holloiii, half I Mi;l'' Hillside thi;. islet. NVe passed within three lonrths of a mile . It can not he well made out hy tiie vi-.shcIs paMsin<,' it on the direct line frnm the Strait of I iir I III San I'ranci.seo. When n. vessel i.s Itouiul in>rMiwestward from the Coliiiidiia Kixer or Siii'il^^ il>') l'>iiy, or av, this head will stand out as a low pnint Just lieyoml .lames Island Hilli low :iiid very fjently risiii}; land to the eastward. I'rom the mntliwest ward a vessel will ,see It |>i'd upon ,laine.s Island, .ind therefore it is not readily recogni/.ed, except that it is the lii>t one III' the lii;:h elill's south of I'latteiy l!o<'ks. The head does not project half a mile lieyoinl ilii' .'eiicral curve of the adjacent shores northwest and .southeast of it, lint it presents a nearly mi'iiimI, hare, rocky ditV to seaward, with (he^on |iiiii> on the top and a mass of rocks otV the li.iM'. I'liltiiiK away all low and hi;;!! water iieaehes. I'lierc .>re several hi;;h locks, the hijrhest ones one hundred and three tcet and one hundred iiiiil iwciitV'.vcveii feet hi^h, reachiii;; out half a mile to the west northwest. Imiiiediatcly mitside III ilii'sc there are no known hidden daiijjers. Hut lietwecn it and < ake liock there is a ttlusterof h>\\. Iilack rocks, and to the northwestward on the line to liald Island ther«' are two clusters about .1 null' fioill the coast. Otitsiile of the Uald Island is Carroil Island and ■la;;i;ed Island, two ami one half miles west \<\ imrth i\V. Ii_\ N.) from the Cape, and over two'niiU's from the shore. ■flic rlitls in the vicinilv nt' the cape arc formed of clay and con;;lomerato. rill' ^;c(iy:rapli!cal position ot Cape .lohiison, as determined l>y the {' . 8. Coast and Geotlctio Sin \r\ , is as follows : LalilMilf IT .'iT .V.' niirtli. I...ii;;iliiili- t-'l 11 II-.' "I'sl. (Ii. ill liiiir f" l'"' ll'.t. Ill .laniiary, ISS."), the nnifiiu'tii; variation was '22 .'5S' east, and increa.sii:,^ at the rate ot O'.S \i'.irl.\ : hut tho variatimi has nearly reach. IJiukH Nil \V. 1:1^ niili'N. •fill' south , mint 111' Il.'sliiKlii. 11 Isliiiiil, iiMT (^iiilliliiili- lli'uil S. ir. 1'.. Ill mlli'n. liii.iv nil' <;iii>'s llarliiir S. II' l!. (llij mill's. isa|i|mnitiniiit .■<. :i.'. I'. U>'.< iiiili's. I lure is ;,'reat confusion of names aiiioii}; the old navi^rators in this vicinity, ari-sinf; heeaiise 111! ihaskcd cape existed, while so many of the lar^'e rock\ islets had similar trciicral cuaraetcris- Northward of CniK' .hdin.son to the Flattery liocks the hriizht clitVs are seen only in .short liiii's; the const line is nearly of the .same hei^rht, hut tiie slopes of the hlnlVs arc covered with <>i. -on pine or hendock to the line of lii^li water. There are a few low water sand beaches, but 111' -liore is ;;enerally iMUindcil by a very rocky beach, sometimes reaching: out nearly one third of .1 mile. Outside of the shore line the rocks and locky islets extend from one to two miles, and iliis part of the coast inii.d not be approached nearer than three miles. The coniiliy behind rises iiiiiilerately but irrcfriilarly for ten nr tifteeu miles, and then be^jins to form tho flankiiit; wooded iiitaiiiH of the Ulyinpiis rangti. / n Ji^ I -, .w f.! ;tM*; r.\(ii-ic roAsr ni.nr. Jojigrtl Isht. — Tliis is ii liir;;»', Itlju-k, Itiin' isli't ol irrcniiliirmilliiM', four ImiihIiciI aiitl si\i\ yanls U»n; iiortli iiimI moiiIIi, anil i)ii*> Iiiiiiili'<>i1 iiiiil Iwcnty .mimIs wiilc It iis<>K at tin- lii;:lif.Ht iniiui ii iiwdi It ti.il iii|t Ni\t.vi'i);lil Ircl aliiiM' tli<> st'a, ami tlirrraitprars to Im> nooiitlv iii;; \\, Mai-k lork two Inimlrril vanls mirlli nl it tnwinls ('arioil Islrt. Ciirritll l-slii. — This is a M'I\ mttalilc rorkv islrt, two liiiiiiliril ami si\t\ \anls |i iiiirili anil sonlli, ami l\Mi liiimli'cil yai'ils lii'iiail. It has m-arlv vniical li;;lit rolniril siilrs, ainl nsi'sin KViT two humli'fil Irct aliDM- tin- sea. 'riii> tup is \\iiimIi>iI with ii pirn-. On tlir sinitli mmiiIi I'usl siilc, at two hiiiiili<-il vanls distant, is a small, low. Mack ruck. 'I'lii' islet is p;lIli.'i||.iiU not iccalilc when si'cn in the Miiili;;lit, ami is sonicliiiics firoiicoiislv callcil tin- <,iiiilliliiiii KiHi. thus coiituiimliii;;: it \Mlh the <.>iiilliliiile Neeille. On the west siile, at the ilislaiice ol iiiic Ii ilieil ami seventy live vanls, there is a pinnaele rock which rises tonne hnmlrcil ami iwcntyMx feet eh'vation. There are no known oiitlxin;; ilan^erH nearrarroll Islet, ami half a niilr hiiimiIi of it the recoiinaissanee sheet of \S.\2 ;;ives a ili'plh of nineteen fathoms of water over miiii|\ Iiui torn. On the latest chart there is a ilcptli of seventy-six falhonis o\er tine Mack saml .nnj mnil seventeen miles west norihwcst lro!!i this islet. The nearest laij^c ilan;;er to this isht i-- I.u^mI Islet, .se\en-ei;:litlis of a mile south one half east, anil to the iioilhwanl is the llami I.'imI, ami (ivi- ei;;litlis miles north fourteen iley;iees west (N. 1 1 W.). The Islet is ver.\ ncMil\ iliiir miles north si\t\ three ilei,'rees west (N. (»;{ \V.) from Cape .lolinson. ami ten ami two litilis iiiilr> .south thirtv one ilcfiiees east (S. .'il I'^) from the ontennost ami lii;;hest I''latler\ IJock. li jus one ami tliiee i|narters miles Inoail otV shore, ami inside of it lie the Itald Isl.inds. It .:i|. •i\ Carroll Islet, towards the northeast, are small, low, Itlack rocks, the nearest one lieiny; tin.. i|iiii (ers of a mile distant. The shore alneast tln-.se daiijiers is very n>ck,v and dan^-ioiis. Df.l'.f .si;a soini)Im;s. A line of ofl'-shore soumlings was run Ity the I'liili'd States .Stoainer TiiMinora in Octnl.i i i; IS. I<». L'O, is:.!, as follows: %■ i( # >ui l>i«l!mri.:in.l Ik lr..„, Cllnll 1 i;.;. . 1- S c> vv •js S :t!i W ;i:i S 4") W :iK s 1.'! w f. S 1 ^i w r. itii Hill iliilk mitiil. (Mm.v. Willi liiii ami lirii'iiihlt niuit jiiiil liiii' .laiiil. Oiiri' anil ila\ Urnwii iiMiil iind iMi^ii. <'la>, iniiit, anil hizi*. I.iulil liiiiHM inuil an. I iM./iv Itlilrrlas .mil t.Miwii inuil iiiitril Oitxr hihI liniu 11 tiiiiil. rliiv. Iirnuli niuil, linil on/.i«. The (jeo^'iaphical position of this Islet, as deterniini-d l>y the l'. S. Coast ami di „li I Survey, ,:ititii i' ■ 'I smaller islet al t one liumhed and twentv Mve yaids in extent, and on." hundred and se\. lit) live feet liiyli; it is liare, ami ntckv, ami forbitldinj,'. IJetweeii these two IJald islelti aie t«ii ! Ii I'Aciru' (MiAsT I'li.iir 607 I H'l)' riH-Ks I'liiMO tof^i'tlifi'. Twtt tliinl.s III' ;i milf soiiili soiiiImmsI IViiiii Ii:iIr slli.lll, \»\\, lilarit t'iM'Ks, ;iliil iM'twt'i'ii till- hll;:i't' mif illiii I lit' lillllt |i>'j|il to tin* iiii|'|lii>ttsl .!, ilii'i'i' :iif 1(1111' or tivf Hiiiiill, ii>». iilark loil.s. 'I'd tlir inn tliwi-stwaril tlicir' iin> NcviTiil i!i lii.iiU nxUs iicailv a iiiiif tii>t,iiit. 'I'lifsc air tin- mi-lis l\iii;; livtwcni ('arioll islet aiul tin- ii til ilii' II III til west waul nl' tlic lattr lliiiiil li'i'ik. — Tills is i|iiiti' a small mrk alimit I'liilv \aiils in lAtnit ami lisi's to twi-iity sev oil till ili'Valioii. It lies (iiii- a'lil niir liall' miles mittli tliirtci'ii ilr;;ri'i's west (N, l.'i ' W.) rroiii ( ri 'Ii Isli't. iuiil is one anil mir half miles hrnail iitl the shore, with iiiiollii'i- roik sli):lilly l.it');er ;iiiil iiiilv iVei lii;:li liall'uav iiisiilr. Nearls one mile north liv east Irom the llaml KiM-k is a .Ilk iiM'k halt'wav to the slime tu the iioilhwaril. till' iiitit Invest waul and tiie suiitli- ill .11.1 llaml Itoi'U shows as a liaml with a liii;;ei' iioiiitiii); np tioiii it. :i hiiiil the shore liet ween Cape .IdIiiimhi ami ('ape Ala\ a the con lit ry is ijiiite low, hut very ■\\ wiHiileil w itii Ore;:oii piiieami liemlurk. with a lliiik iimlerlMiisli. Oi r t wn miles iiisiile iIm -.Iioii' lim- li)>s the Lake of the Sun. whieli is lepoiteil to lie ten miles loii^ ami t\M) miles wiile, Willi il^ liii;:tli jiarallel to the shore. This lake eiiipiies throiiy:li the Tsoyes or (Ksette l.'iver. Niiith III' Carnill islet the shore sli;^litly reeeiles I'or a little more than a mile, ami in the iln |ii-t recess a small stream come> to the shine. Init iloes not cut through the licach. hi llirce or tour miles the shore line is liordeieil liy a line ot'rock extemlin;; out as far as one- iliinl lit a mile in laiitnde tS'^ n.*i|' north. II hill li'iirh. — Two miles .south southeast (S. SI'..) from the northern part Ml'Cape .Mava and in line III the southeast with Osette Island and the Noithwest I'lalteiy llocks, this iiotalile rock ri.ses to III elevation of one liiindied and sixty two feet. It is one hiimlred yards in extent with nearly \iiin a! sides and a roiiiidin;;, treeless tup, and only threeipiarters of a mile otVtlie shore. When seen from tin- .southward the white sides of this ruck show well a};aiiisl the dark pine tnii'.sis of the main shore. It is seven and threeipiarters miles north twenty-live ile;;rees west (N. L'.l' W.) from t'arroll NIrt. and two and threeipiarters miles .south forty-nine de>:rees east (S. P.I \',.) from the Nortli- v\i >t I'lattery K'nck. III a recent piilillcatioi' this white rock is erroneously placed three miles to the southeast- il iif Flatterv l.'ock. 'riiiee ipiaiters of a mile south southeast f oiii it there duster of larw', low, Mack rocks Imiil: tlircc'ipiarters of a mile fnnii an islctlike head on the nearest shore. .\iiil on the same hearing, one and one half miles distant, there is a small, low, black rock. Tl lis is the westernmost jioint of tin CAPE ALAVA. mainland of the I'acilic t'oast of the I'liited States south ol .Maska. The I'oast line lietwceii the (,>iiillilinte Mead and Cape I'lattery makes a ^'eiieral liiit il.it curve to the westward, with a deep hay ii'ider I'lattery, which helps to In in j; out Cape A lava. fills Cape has an ocean trout of altoiit one mile iiorthnorthwest and south soiitheaNt. For two Inn • '.islward the land is llat and rises veiv slowlv. idled xaids the risin;; liliill is apparently j^iass eovered and the lii;,'liest part wooded; thence TI le iiorlhwesteiiimost point of the Ca| le IS ma rked liv a rockv islei one hnndred and forty lids III extent, and risiiij,' liy steep sides to one huiidrcd and eighteen feet above the v atcr. It is ^lass covered except towaiils the eastern edpe, where there are a few lir Irei I'lom the .south- ist side there is a low spit which reaches within seventy five yartls of the low rocky bejieh from he point. When the Cajie is seen from the .south .southeast at twenty miles di.staiit, it is made as a low I. It tmifjiieof land l.viiij; iiiider the hi;;hcr hills and Cape Flattery thirteen miles beyoiii! it. Outside of the lovi point lie the I'lattery IJocks. .Vnil oil the same bcaiiii and at tin- saiii ili.stance Cake h'ock stands out black and broad, with Carroll Islet and its Pinnacle mate hiomiiijj n\< boldly. Itetween Cake K'ock ami Carroll Ish't is .seen the low tiat land of Cape Johnson. letimes mistaken for Cape Flattery. Cape Alava with its tinibcied islets is son The beach, with a few minor interruptions, can be traversed on foot. There is the .site for a life .station near the village. TheCape is well marked by the Flattery Kocks, wliicli forbid nn approach to it, and the shore is iMirdered for one third of a mile with iiiiiiiiiieiable rocks above and below water. To the smith the .shore runs southeast one-half decree east (SIC. .[' F.) for lour miles; to the northward it runs .s, in .Oiicli liiltn' luoatl lti;;lil tlint' <-ai-!i iiiiili'r n naimw hi^h uain litarh, with wimuIimI low l>l lUU. IiIidI. This low watt'i IkmicIi is two aial oiic Ihitil iinh-s Ion;;, with no known ilanu('i> i>t! ,< l«'n;:th lit' two ini'.i's. The i:co^i-a|)hii-al |)ositM>n of the north |iail of the Hsclt villap- at thr noitliirn p.iii ■' 1 ,,|h Ala\a is: l.lllilllllr I" iM IHI linllll. I, 'iiKiiiiitf t'.'i II hi ».•«! Or. Ill liiiir t- t. Tii(> niat;ni-ti«- variation was j- '><>' cast in .laniiaiv. lss.>, ami inncasiu^ annnalK al •iiii: n.i The i-astt'ilx variation has \<-i'\ m-aih rcarhril i\> icati'st liiiiit. rroni ihix ('ap*- the hillowin;; lifariii;;s and ilistancrs to inipoitant tili|>'('t> arc ;:im' Nollli tliail III' ('.i|M> |lin:i|i|Miitiliiii'iil K, :l,'i K. t';i|ii' .lii|iii..iiii .><. :ii K, 'l':it lotini'ilx st'i ini lii;.'h, iimirr which tlic Imlians pa.ss lhi'oii;:li tiit'\ast iiiiinlitT of ro<-lvs. OiitMilr nl it In- iln wrt'ck of till' A list! ill (IsHT). On Ihf '-'^.M of Maich. I77S, Cook, liaviiii; iM-fii dnvt'ii scawanl !•> Inav v ;;airs nil Ciim i wi-athir, inaili- the laud alioiit latilinli' 17 D.'i' and ran to iIm' norlliward, wilh fan wiml li. wrst ami west northwest. .\l sex en in llic rM-nin;: he sa>s hi- was ill lorlv I'liilil I:iI1miiii'< 111' « :iiir. anil :ilioiil fmir liMum ■> rnnii lli" l.iiiil. m Im li r\liiiilril limii Nmlli In .smiiL. I. .1:. KumI. mill :t Kiiiall iniiiiil lull, wlmli li.iil tin' a|i|i<'ai;iiii II ifil.iliil. Iinli Nnltll tllli r-i|ll;ll It TH Kiml, I IhIi'kiIiIi' Iii'IkIiI. 'KhI ^t 'Ix lull Jii'>l In l>i' m ili lonii llir iln k I lliiH i-hoiil III nil k mill till' iini'tlii'iii I'vticiiir i<( kiml IIhi- ii|i|irioril to In' a Hiiiall ojii'iiMi^. n liu li llall< n till' liii|H"- III' liniliiit: an liatlmr. I'lunr Iihim'n Ii'hm nnl as we ili< » mai : ami. al la^t. »i' liail ■.niiii' iraMHi i" i llir i>|ii iiili;: »aN I In-Ill li\ liiH laiiil. iiii llii'< ariiiiiiil I 1 allril tin' imiiil nf laml In llir Nnilliia it f (ly ' It iii'N III lallliiili' I- I' Tliir r I» II rniiii I lull iiUiati' liiinlit iivrl ll.rlr. ( Vnl. II. p. •Jlia, Hi'fori' next day he had a hard j;ah' tVoin llie sontliwest. aieoinpaimd 1>\ rain, ami In ■ see land aizaiii niitil he reaehed latitude It)) . Me jniiiped at (he comliisiiiii llial then SI rait of I'liea did mil e\isl. On some of the r',ii;;iish .\iliiiii'alt,\ Charts the name C.ipe I' liiiM Ihi'Ii plaeed in the position of the I'latterv Ifoeks, hut \ aneoiivei adopteii liii' pii'>i m on this e'last. l''roiii an exaniinatioii of Cook's account, with a kiiowled;;e of the ciirreiils. etc., we m viiiceil that he was fiill,\ ax lii;:h a.s l.atitnde 17 .V>' : the small round hill or Inland was ih terv IkiM'ks on w illi each other, and the point to ihe mirthwaid of thciii was Cape l'latlei> he piai-ed. Ii.v estimation, einjii miles too far sonlh. Thu Ca|H> waH named Alava on Kellett's chart of is 17. TIIK l'l,.\Tri;i!V nnCKS. •* I'S This is tho most marked y^roiip of rocky islets north of the Faralloiies o(V San rrami r. Allhonah they do not eMeml fai olV shore, yet they are Ihe wesleinmnst land ol the I nilcl south ol .Ma.ska. They are in the direct loiileol ail \essels lioiiml lo and Iroiii the Sliaii •■' I whether to ports in I'n;;el Sound or to Victoria and llie I inlf otCieoi;.'ia. The whole ;:roiip comprises a line of rocks and islets parallel with the coast, lM';;iiiiiiii. ■ and one third miles .south of Cape Alava and reaching; two ami one ipiailer niiles lieyomi 11 I ' soiitherii iiu'ksare aliont three-ipiarters of a mile olf shore, hut the eMieiiie northwest e\ii n Ihe low eliister of the rinatilla reef exactly we.sl fioin the Cape. While Hiiek Kontliward of the Cape Iuik already lieeii described. Omtt hill lid.— Tins is (he lai^'esl islet of Ihe I'lattety ^-roiip: it Ih half a mile Ion, >•- norlliwest and east soiiiheasl. and ahonl one liflli of a mile Imiad. It has very «teep, roi l.\ ' hrokeli down siuiiewlial oil the south face, liiit the lull liei;;ht nf the island to the west. It ;i| ■ ne arly ll.il lopped and is two linndnd iml forty ted almve the sea, with irri'Kular cliisli 1 I'At'iKic roANi ni.MT. M'.t nciip. i,„, , » I' :iri I iH itiil II. 1 ' (•Ml 11 ■ Itii 'U\> aiul liiinit. Ill till' 4-iiil.v rcfoiiiiiiiM.s.itii't' the troN wen- all livjii;;. Tli«' lar(;«>Ht cliiiiiii ,,| I I > Is IM'iir lIlC Mllllllt'itHi Cllll. Till' lllltl'l III' \M-nll'ril I-ImI nl' lllf JNlillMl IM titif illlll tdlf l-IKlltll iiiiii soiiili tliiil.N liM- 'i k> t'iKMi ilir ('a|i)' iiai'li xMlliiii iiiu' lliiiil III II iiMlr.in liall »a> tii\NaiiKit. 'I'lit- Imliaii ti.iiiM "I iIm- UI'IIiiI i> lliisi'ir. Siiiitli- {{iii'ks. 'Ilic liiiliaiis a.>|iiralc llii' <' \ ti.v Mtiiiii;;l.\ . I'.uit-il lilt IsIi'm. — Tlit'M- art' Ilic twn Jai^r ami hiylicsl uiill.Mitu islcl.s nl' tlic l''l,ittri'\ ;;ritiip, Illlll ; l.irllicr nut lliiili (III' (ImcU islaml. 'I'lir uiilrr islfl in sniiicwliat tlif lai;;i'i', liciii;; Illicit JiiiiiilKil ami Um'IiIn li\<> \aii1.s Inn;: •'•I'^l anil uol anil niii' liiimlirti ami m'MiiIx IInc lirnail. Till iiillrl nlir IM nlll,\ niic liilliillril ami t\M'lit,\ \aiilM ri'lilll It tnwai'iU llli' Capi' ailll is I \\n llllllllri'll ami -I'M i>l> xanl.s Inii^ fast ami wrsi ami nnc liiimlifil anil sInIn ll\c yanlN liinail. Tlit'sc IsIi'Ih liiiM lii;:li, linlil, ami iiair inckx nrcaii Iriiiils, uitli ),'i'ailiiall,v > Icriis aii smiiiiwi'.sl aii;:li' nl' llir niiti r i>li't tlii'ii' is a lii;:li, baii' rnrk M>|iarali'il rrniii llir s|, ; Its a vi'iN narinw w ati'iwav. 'i'wn liiimlii'tl \ai\v\ is a small riH-k aluiiil lil't.v .vai'ils in I'sti'iit, Imt risin;; in nm- liiiml'<'.l ami si'Vi>iit\ tivi- I'l'i-I I'li'vatimi. Twn illi-i' rnrks arc oiitsiilc nl' this nnc In till si, Inw ami lilack, anil niic tn the nnrtli Hiiiiiculiat lii;;liii. Hilwicn llicsc islclM ami the <'a|ii' the water a|i;"aisilcc|i I'm halt a iiiilcainl then the iiii i. ^. \\ liii'll arc M'l'\ nilliiciniiM, reach In l he > Imie line nl' the I '.i|ic. I III miter emi nl' this iai;:er islet is niie ami nnc tliinl nf a mile sniith t i^ht.V-Hvc ilcifrecH «i^l S. s.'i W .) t'lniii the iiiirlh |iniiit nl the t'a|ie A lax a. Till' uci>;:ra|i|ileal |insiliii|i nl' the wesleiii |iiiiiil nl' this nlller Islet, as ileteriliineil liv the I > I nasi anil tientlelie .Siir\ev, is: l.aiiliiili' . . l.«M;:lll|i|<' ll|, III IlllfC •4 III -.'I iiiirtli. I-.'I III III WI'Hl. '•'' 111" III lliim the wesleril |iniiil nl' this niilei Islet nf the llatleiy l.'niks we liav«i the Inilnwili}: hear • ami ilistanees In iin|ioilaiit nlijeels: (':i|>i' I miilil l.i^lit liiilIN Nollli II. ml i.l CalM' |l |ii' l>i'-:i|i|Miiiiliti<'iit Ciitnll l-l,! S. :i \: :t'.'ii itiili'H. llli llilirs, |ll< llllll'H, I'-'; 11.' t il Ii Maiiil l.iKlillioiiM' N I- W. r.i|ir III ale l.ij;llt liiitim', ViiiiriiiiMi l-laiiil N I- W. I".' iiiiliw. ■/■/(( riiliilillii lilt/. — In siiliie res|ieels this is (he ;:iealest tlalip'r nil the nnrlliclli enast, liccaiise iliick weather il is a \ei.. ilinieiilt nlijcel In make iint. ami in llie hea\\ ;:ales ami Inn;; stnriiiy jlilsiil winter a vessel a|i|iinaeliiii;; il linm ihe sniiihwaitl has |iinliahl,\ liati iin ilepai lure I'nr III' hiimlred ami iwelilv miles when |iasMii;,' Cape (»iriilil Li;;lil liniise. 'the cMcnl nl' this reef i«ii hiimli'i'il ami Iweiily sards cast and west and almiil scxeiilv li\c .\ards wide. Il shnwsnne Inw lilaek inck\ iiead ahniil si\l\ \aids in cNlelit, and Ihlee nllie verv s Miall ■Iil-, Ii);;elliei Willi lliiee pnillts nf Ineaks, nlie liein;: clnse nil the inner side nf the visilile I'neks. I M. uiiter e(U;e nf the reef lii's nnc mile ami nnc liiiiidred \aids nnrtli ei;;lilv lour de;;iee west N.M • \V.) frniii the nlller limit nf the weslerniiinsl I'jaltci'.v l.'nek or islet ; and lliere Is a pass- .1.1' wa\ nl hall a mile wide lielweeii the reef and the niitlNin;; Inw hlaek mek nil that islet. Iliiiiii;;h this pa.s.sa;;e the ('nasi Siirvev Sicaiiier pass.d in the ieeniiiiai.s.saiiei< of IS.VJ, with Iin;;s nf Iweiilv nine, tell, and Iweiilv falliniiis, kiepiii;: neaier Ihe iiiiiei' islet, Itiil the irre;;- (lilies iif the di'plhs show cicailv the run! ehaiatter nf llie luiltdin. One mile onlsidenf the .ililla lleef there is a soiimliii;; in Iwentv seven lalhnins nver line nd\ linttnin. Tlii.'* I'ecf lies he and one half miles soiilli thirleeii detriees east (S. l.'t K.) limn thcTatno.sh Islaml Li;;lit' "i-e. riieie arc nil kimwn daiiy;ers In Ihe west of il and iiniie In the north of it I'nr four miles. Sieaiii ships hniiiid iinrlhwiird tn the Strait of {'"ilea, m .sniiiliward Iherclroin, lay a course to - Illlll nr live miles in the westward of the rniatilla reef, alllinii;;li there are no known hidden 1 ;;iis iiiitside nf il. I Hint ilia h'lif—WluHtlinii nimy.— A siroiiirilnss Wiiistliiin lUioji painted icr/ and h'ttered I niiilUlii liifj" \\\ while has heeii estahlisheil n(V Ihe Iniatilla liecf. It is iiKHued in twenty- III and a hall falhnms of water. I r \\ ^:-V r>lO I'ACIKIC J'OAST I'll.ul'. From llu> iMioy tlic ritllowin^ li«-ai'iiit;H ami iliHtiiiiii'N an- awvu in |)itiniiiifiit i)li|i-ri.-<: ('ii|M- ('li(lt<-r> l.iKl>*-l>"»''<' N ) W. |:l tiiili'N, riiiiiiiiiu ii'iif m;. h) K ( r. u nijiri. OiH tl iKhtiiil, Siiiilli SiiIk Iv I S Anil till' iiriiri", lull imt ii.ii 1; in I T'.i'J N'aiiniiiM i ^.i\. llii'in llii'ii jiU'm'IiI ii. 'I'lii',\ wi-if ralli'il li\ hi'MDl'ias thr Islas i|f I Irst'iiiliK, ,i:iil I. Trlii'llkDlV till- Is. ill- hrol.llilii-'i. OmI/ It'iiri-. — 'I'liis is a small stiram ii|ii-!iiii;; oiir ami oiif lit'lli of a iiiili' lo tin' imrili iiini, I sliDii's lii'i'aU iIuvmi ami a s.iihIn anil liinvliji'i Imk wati'i lirarli riimim-iiri-s. 'I'lii- valli'.s is iiiDili'iali'lv uiiji* Imt lii'a\il\ wniiili-il liki- tin- n-si ni i|i, niiiiiln. Simii' vrais sniri' il was I'siimali-il In Ih' lilty vaiils wiilr at tin- mniiili. witli a swui mi I'l-iit ami st«T|il\ sliijiiii;; liaiiKs. 'I'lii'ir uas tlirii a villa^i' at tin- mmilli. Init in iss; ijn'i, \i,|. iiiiiii'.aml till' strrani vvas lint nvrr 'wriily vaiils \\ii|i'. 'I'Im' Imlian nainr nl' llii' lixrt is IT ~i:' .stnm^l.N as|iiratiii;.' tin- // (Isilh. This IS ilii- ilvi-i wliii'li iliains llii> (tsi'tt l.aki', kmiuii on Ilir 'I'li i iliii nil maps Ii,n iIii' I.iimiIiiI tiami' III till' l.aki' lit tin- Sim, aiirailN iiiriitnmi'il, 'I'lirir aii* a Irw srlllris nn its slnni's. '|)i laki' is II ii':.'iilai' in shapr. wiiii sinall ruM's, pmnis. I'tr. It was lirsi rxaiiiinril in l^l'il, ami l,ii >i\ its Swan's l.aki-: tlu' linlian naiiii* is Ka' niik, mraiiiii;; a Innls of Irrsli ualrr, nr siiiipls i l.i!,, Till' I'iviT iliirs mil ;:ii tar inlaml, luil runs nrailx paialli'l wiili thr ntast IVnm tiir siiiitli\\;iii|. |' is lint a iiaM^alilc ^tl«^lIll, ami ran lu' t'niih' I at Invr tiili'. IKuM 11. \TTKKV IJlilKS Til lAI'K I'l.ATTK.U Y. I'lniii Capi- .Mava tlu- roastliiir rniiiiiiiirs ni'ail\ iinrth Inr t'niir ami mir hall' niihs, .nul iin falls In thr r.isiw.ml thirr milrs In \i>vu\ MiikkavN lia.v, wlii'iiri' il runs mil wrll In Ilir «r-i«.u ,is 1,11 as Capi' I'l.il li'i\ . Till' slmrc liiii' is ii ii';;iilar. \silli .illiTlialr sllrlihcs nt vMuiihil lilnlN p. inil;:h, inrkx rlitl's flnlii nlir lillliillril In \\\i< lilinili'i-il frrt lii;,'ll. Tin- cniinllN immi'ill.ililv K. li i ■ till' shnii' is nnt liij;li, Imt aflrr a li'W milrs thi' hills asi'i'iitl sliarpl.v tnwanls the lasl. .iim .n. jnavilv wnndi'il wiili pint" ami lii'iiilnck, anil aii' almnsi impi-iii'traliir i>ii airniint nf flu- i|i'ii>r m tlrrliiiish. Till /'.'//in;/' .1 (.— From Capf Alava tlu' lirsl three inihs nf ihe slinif is ,i .-.nM.":, iiH';;iilar wiiiiih'il liliill lisiii;; to over niii- liiimlreil lei'l. It Ih hniiliiiil li.v ^fniiil InWH.iiii .i lii;;h walri lieailii-s. Imtli naintw ami tin- fninu r inti'iTiip'ril. At Iniir .mil nm- half iiiih'-' n.'ii .sfvi'ii ih'Uiri's \yi'st (N. 7 \V.) frnm ihi- Iii;;|i ish-i at thr iiiiitlii'iii limit nf the Cape llie .s| i :. is liiokeii li\ lii;;li, Itohl, rnik\ el ills Inr one ami one half miles. These el ill's are fm iiieil nf .i > i, r (lark eiili;:lnmeiale. The fnre.Ni leailies tn the eil;,'e of the elilVs. At their lia.ses there is iieilhei Inw imr hi-li ^.i h Iteaeh. Iiiil i:iaii> lii;;h ineks ami islets are einsilv iliisteiiil ainimil Ilii'in. Snme of tlie.se si Ml' ! tlilee ipialleisiif a mile. Tin' sniithein nlie is the Fullii r iliiil Smi ; I he fiilliii r Is the niilsiile ini I, ,ii.' rises tniilie liimilli'il .iml sixty tlilee feet, the smaller nlie, eniilieeteil l>.V a inW lilaik reel issi\lv >. feet on the eastern eilp-. They lie live eights nf a mile nil the nearest elilVs, anil are lliivi' .ihl three eij,'litlis of a mile iinrtli eii^lit decrees west (N. S' W.i frniii ihi northern pmnt nf tin < .,|m There are im knnwii hnhlen ilan-ers ainiiml them. <>iie mile iinrthnnilhwest from these n"- ■ - a inik tnrtv feel lii;;li. nearly half a mile nil theelills, with a iln/.eii ineks lietweeii il ami tin i'!, Spiki /I'lxA, whieh has .snmetiiiie.s lieen called Sail l.'nck, northeniiost of tlie.se roeks nif the I'-ii: of Arches. It is a small, sh.irp, liarc rock forty-two feet Iiiili, standing' .seven ••ifil.thsnl ■< i" ' north ei;.'hlyi Ii';.'ri'es west (N.sj \V.) I'mm the point. I'lctween it and the pniiil an 'ln.r lar;.'e, hifjli, rnek.v islets; thetiisi leaches tn niii' hundred and sixty-four leet elevatinii. i- ni^-^ topped and maiked liy a pinnacle mie hiimlied and ei^:hl feet Iiiili on tlio inner side; tin >. . uiii is ^M-'ss cnvi'icd on lop and re.iclies niic liiimlrcd and seventy feet almve the sea; the li:"! !■• one hiimlied and tilty two feet liiu'h and has ;;iass and a few pines upon it. There an i" arches in these islets. One third of a mile sontli forty one depees west (S. II \V.) fi m Hock, there is a »<»■/,■ tiinnli at Inw water. This dan;;er is one mile olV shore and four ami i ' quarter miles north ci^ht de;;rees west (N. « ' W.) from Umatilla lieef. It is well inside tin • 'i ' of all vessels. il! PACIFIC COAST I'll-OT. All II illii mill* north of tli<> wrHtiTiiinnst |i;iit nf Hum |miIiii tlh-ri' in :t very miiiiiII Im-jkI at llic f\ it a iiJllow iiiiiiit si'iiai.iliii;; llii> lialc rlills on tlir wHitll tl'iilii llic \«ihii|i>iI IiImII hn' hiiivcv otV this |Miiiil, Inn s\ Hiiiylc Miiinihii;; of twi'iityllvt* III sot' wati'i oMT line .sainl.v Imiloiii Is t;iviMi tour iiiilcs oiil.sjih- tht- |ioiiit. rill- wcsli'iiiiiiosi part of this ia|i(' lie-, iiiiii- ami one i|iiarlrr iiiih.s .south tliiitylhit't' ih'fjrn-M i>i S. Xi ' K.) Ii'oiii Tatoosh l.slaiitl Li;;ht iioiisf, ami it is in l.aliliiili' I- II Iti iKirlli. l,i>ii>:iiiiili> l-.M \> ;i.i «(Hi. m til, > rape is piolialil.v tlial wliirli Mr MiilVas lias naiiicil ilic I'oiiii Martini'/. lufliifii //«<((/.— I'm marl\ twn iinli's |i llir iioitliuaitl ot llii' I'oiiit of .\iilu's, tlii> Nhorc lii .1 vMHiihil liJiilV ovir om> I iiiiilrctl ftTl lii;:h. It riti vi's to ilii> faMtwanl Nli;;hll,\ ami liax :Uiiio jiiw u.itrr lirarli ami a narrow lii;;li wati-r lirarh to Hit- <'iiiiiiii<'nn'iii(Mil of tin- irrr;;ular iiK-ky rlilI'M III I'oili;.'!' Iliad. TIh'sc tiiIVs an« Itohl, irii';;iilar. ovi-r our liiimlrt'il Icfl lilj,'li, IoimhmI oC a coar.sf, il.iiK , ami covcri'il wiili wooil. The lii'iul has a liltii'ovt'r our iiiilf tVonta;;i<, ami niii> inMily norlii northwi'st anil .siiiilhsiiiithrast. 'I'lii' rxtri'iiu- northi'in part of the head \h IiiIIiimI I>,\ two lii;;ii liili;,'iii's, with .sti'i'p siilrs, anil I'l-lll rovrrnl tups. Iiisjiji' III it till' slioii' runs to tin- iioithcast for Ihiff ipiailcrs ol' a niiir to tlii^ luw IkwIi ikllil IH'iiiiiSiil.i of tilt* 'r.soiM'-i'/, ii'ixrr. Ilii ImiIiIi'sI part ol'thi- liiail lli-s t'xartiv north rroiii thioiiti'i hiuh Fliiili'iy Jiock at ailistamut III M'\ I'll anil two tliiiilN iiiih-s. It is maiiy six anil twothinls inili .s sonlli I'oity thivi- ili-^rreH I'.isi ,.'s. I.i ' I',. I I'liiin 'ratoo>li Isiaiiil l.i^'lit Ihnisi'. Ihtiiiiiis, — OlVlhr iiorth cml ol'tlif poiiil and Htrt'trhiii;; nraii,\ iiiii'aiMl inir lialt' niili's towaiils r.iiiiiisli Island I loiisf tlii'ir air si'vcral low, lilack roi'Ks awash at Iii\n water, simii' siiiikcii, mi iiiir small one forty four Iret lii;;li. Mil! I ■■ r lUtij. — Tin- woiithrast point of this hay is Torla);!' lli ad; the northwest point is Wa irli I'niiit. 'i'he westerninost parts of these points lie noilli ihiiiv three decrees west (N..'!.'! \V.) iiiil Miiilh thirty three defiiees east (S. ■'[.! l',.i truiii eaeh other, three mih's apait; east from this !iiir llir iti'pth of the iiay is one and one ipiarler miles. The soiilliern half of the lia\ lias niinier- iMis links, liiw and sunken, reaehiii;; out one and one half miles nnrthwest fiiuii rorta;;e Mead, and ilirii'liiie the approaehes are dangerous. The innerinost niek is furty'loiii' feet alio\e water. Till' watii III the hay is mit very deeplnit vessels can aiiehiir in northerly and easterly weather wi'.h sal'i'tv, |ir; p. Il'.'i, 'I'siMi-i'Ss, tllr vlHilKr nil lllc It iviT iiiMt lis iiiiiiilli: p. III.'. till- Itiuk III till' iiii.iilli «( llir liver nil ils Si.ul IiwihI siilr : p. Ill I M -.1 liii-iik, till' Hivn liiiwiiiji pa»l Ilii- Tsi.oom.s \ lllan''. Wu till Sli. null, iiuiiir. .Siiiillisniiiaii ( 'null iliuliniis In KiiowI((Ik«, '^Jtl, p. ',',•;, cuIIm It Wiiatfli ; nii \>:i-^<- \i \\ . ilrll. llir Vlllap. Ill IllnlltU nf Wlillill I'll'ik ft.? rj f] i'A ^ ; 16" ( ,■ 512 PACIFIC COAST VllAYl'. Tlu' Wiiatcli S1kii}.')i oonu's from tlio ii()rtlM>aNt\vanl lor tliroe iiiil»'» tliioiij'li :i low. i .,i-iu tnu'k l.viiijr U'lwi'fii Xw ah May unil tin- ln'ail of Miikkaw Itii.v. The lit'atl of iliis slon;;!! i « nii;,, two luiiiilrt'il .yards of the low 1». mIi at N»rali Ua.v, and a rim- of tidi- of Iwcnt.v feet \\,>\i].\ unlv llio \\\jih land of ('apt' riattcrv an island. Tliisfii'i'k or sli>n;;li is used by tlic tiutor i'oast Indians dinin;; tlu'|ircval»'iit't'of Ikmw nim,, Kak's. wIm'ii tin- passa;:i' ontsido and around tlu* rape is impraotirablo. It can Uc t.ininl ,..n •• nioutli at low watii'. Tin- Indian villa^if of tlic Waatch ludiaius is on tlu' north slion^ <»f tlu' slon;;li at tin .uiuh It is used as a wint«>r iiahitation. ll'(( (//(/( I'liiiit. — This forms the north jtoint of tli«> Miikkaw May. It is a l>io;id ini jni.n point faciii;; .south, and forms the southeast cxtri'inity of thi' loii^; line of rorky clilfs I'l ( .h,, Flatlcry. It terminaten in hohl, rocky dills ovcront- hundrt'd feet lii;;h, and covind wiili |. !|,^|,, tlu'ir edjii's, Tlu-ro are no outlyinj; rocks olf it to the westward, the farthest licin;; iilioin imu hundred yards from the southern clitl's. Oil' the extreme southeast point there ism IIim' nT |,,vt rteetion to the moulli ii U\, east (SK. Iiy K ) from the Tatoosh Island Lijiht house. This point is almost exactly north of the I'matilla lieef and ten and one <|uarter iiiilc> li-i.ini No hydro;;raphy has beeu done in this .section of the coast, and iherefoic it musi lie nn.il.d; there is (uie so-indin;i of twenty ei;;ht fathoms of water over sandy iMittoin about four inilis sHiui, by east (S. by K.) from Totoosn Island Li;iht house It is in the reconnaissance ol' I^.'. imi another of thirty four fathoms over line i northwest, w ith no outlying rocks for two mile.s. The sh()res are rocky and high ciilVs, luniinl i.| coarse, tlark conghunerate with low, rough, rocky projections in places. There is no licadi i\ii|.i at a mile ami a half from the point, wlu're there is a good .sandy low-water beach under iln ,1 in. arul near the southern end of the clitl's there is a high-water lu>ach and a slightly retieaiin.: Iiluit under which are li\e Indian hou.scs visible t'rom the waU'r. This is the summer villa;ii ..i iln' \Va atcli Indians, and is known as the Arch-a-wat.* I'rom half a mile westward of the Arch-a wat Imlian village it is impossible to walk oi Av.wU. From one- mile south-siuitlieast of the westernmost point of the Cape there is u series ni mini erately high, rocky nias.ses which reach out thret'-eigliths of a mile. There are I'om |i!1!hi|i.iI rocks south of Fuca's Pillar, sevenfy oiu', forty-one, forty-live, and eighty -eight feet li:;;li, •-. v. .. few .small, low, black r-jeks arouiul them. THE COAST-LINE. /Vf»w I'flnt ilrrnrHlc to Cape FUtttery the country bordeiing the coast is moderatei\ 1. > .. den.sely wooded, but within ten miles the hills begin to merge into the llaiikiiig high i ini:. the OlMiipiis Itaiige. All the hills are com red with forests, and on account of the iiinli i leo|i!. i nations. They are far superior to the Indians found along the siuithern coast. Tlieii ^ il'.l;;'- were heavily stockaded, ami the hou.scs matle of cedar boards which iliey had cut, wiili .;ii ii industry and rude tools, from the trees. We have measured them and found .some of tlies, . ..ihl- foiir feet wide and twenty feet long, the outside edges being about one inch thick and tin ihmI die three inches. Their houses were vi'ry large, and are partitioned into stalls for eaelii.iMlv The numerous streams emptying u| the coast alforded them a never failing .siipi)ly ol il.. iMir>; salmon, and the forests abound in large game. They i».e fearless in their caiuK-s, and to (d>tain means for barter with the white tiail< i attack and capture the dilferent Bpecies of whale moving along the sealwiard, and n. hunters for the .sea otter. At the present lime the tribes are set. led in KeservatioiiH laid oil by the Governmeni United States at the <^iiniault Kiver, and from Mukkaw Hay to Nee ah Ihiy. il r\ .llfil ■ 111.- '.-Jrc/i-.i-ini/. Iiiiliiiii villago, iiamo. Buiillmouiiiii Cuiitriliutiunii lu KimwliMlne, '-Wd, Hprlls il \U>\> C; Oil>l>t iiiiniutl it llatrh-ii-wat. ,..j'-;,n t'' i u yy Cape FUtlury, Kuca Pillar. Tatoniih Island LIgbt-lionae, SSE., 2i miloo. Duncan Rock. .,/'' ■••• ■—»■■*■" Kv., -r ■■">->--.., I'illar Point. Clallam Hay. Sikou Point. Kyilaka Point. Seal Rock. Wa-ad-dah Island, E. by 8. f 8.,.'»iniiles. Indian Agency. ^Ii|' l'i>iiil. B»-ad-ah Point. Neeah Bay. Village. .-' --■>> •'Ir •)«">? '^ ^SeAI Rock, i!(H) Ti-nt, 8., 1} inilHH. Inner Rock, 120 feet, S., 1} miies. 11 ll ! i l^: » :m V- it ■V . V l,( '' 'i ^. '.t.lli * J; }ll^ '# I r* Duncau Rock. Tatoiwh Island Light-liouM, NK. JN .tiiiiiiloH. Cape FlutUry. Hcal'illur, NE.JN.,fiiiiiil«». ,^=rr;K-^v^^ ^"\ Wa-ad-duli Iidatid Tatoosb Island Ligbt-liouse. E. byS. i8.,7iiiiiliv(. Cape Flattery. Duncan Rock. Fiica Pillar, 140 foot. Cape Flattery. Tat'*' 'ilx'iit tliirl.v miles riiiin siM\vanl,anil iiiaiic oiil Imi;;' Ix'ttirt' <'ii|ii' l>isa|ipoiiitiii<>iit ,.r>ii|. I'Ik' |iii.sitii)ii III' till' riiliiiiiialiii;; |iail iil' tliis iiiii;;i- is not y\ arriiiatcly laiil ilnwii. It I . -.lA.ii'ii III' iSlmalwatcr Hay ami iini'tlira.stwaiil of ('ii|if Misa|iiiiiiiitiiii'iit. ''■mill «»/i/)»/»"<.— l''i'orii (iiay's llailmr to Caiic Fiattcrv tlic iiin.sl |ii'i)iiiiiit'iit< iaiiiHall is llio iss III' < H\ iiipiis, iicriiiiviii;; tin- ;;rcatfr part of tin- ^'icat Priiiiisiijii ol' Wasliin^toii am III |i II ''ir.v, l'<'t\vri'ii lliioirs Canal, the I'^ica Strait, ami tin' oriaii tnwanls (lias's ILirlinr. Over li.iiiL' M-' nuiiirsi'aiial it icarlics .seven tliiaisaiiil sexen liiiiiilreil ami se\t'iilv seven feet elevation ,ii Muiiiit Coiistame, ami towanl.s lli« west it falls only to four tlioiisami feel wiiliin twenty miles ,1 ' -.iiiiliiMst III' Tatipiisli Island Iii;;lillioiise. Ilie iiiiiiieKUi-^ ImkIi mountains are masseil over a lar^'e ana with the iiilmiiial iiiij peaks pioh- ,ii.: II llv miles east one hall' smith I'riim the I'-liittery Ii'nel.s ami thiitv live mi iithnorllieast r.i|ie I'li/.alieth. TluMM'titer of the mass is appniximatrlv |..iiiliiilr IT Mr iMirtli. |.iill;;llllil|i I'iJ III »ist. In eit,'lit mmiths of the year lliis ^reat lamlfall is eiivereil with smiw, wliieli lies in the t;or};es .ml v;illi'\s nearly the whole summer. It attains an elevalimi ot aliont ei<;lil tlionsaml two liiiiiilii'il leet, lint it has never lieeii reailieil, as till' e:iniiiis ,ire ileiisely womleil ami almost impene- ;i I'.l.' w nil umh-rliinsh. ji was tii>t seen by Don .Inan Pen/,' Pilot ami I'.nsi^'ii in the l.'oyal Navy, in the lri;ialo \i,,ti'niii, on the'.ltli of .\ii;;iist, 177 1. \\'heii he maile lhi> lainl lie sav\ this hi;:h monnlaiti eov<>re ^iiiin, ami the ^reat nia.ss appeareil isohitetl with a low wooileil ruiintiyon all siiles ami, ih- \'am'iiii\i i tletermiiied ii> |...siiiiiii approximately ami ^;a\e the latitmle 17 •■>(•' north. In ISIl The Iniii'il States E\- 1,1.''.]wj: lv\|ieililion plae«-il it in latitmle 17 t.")' north. The Imlian name of the raii;;e is Small"- t. < >iie of the western ontlyiiifi peaks of this ran^re, of four thonsaml feet elevation, is plaeed Aijiiy miles east liy -lanil I.iyht lioiisr. It therefore !i'- tiiiirteen miles east liy north one half north from I'latlery Itoeks and twenty miles north liy isi liom the (,)nillilinte Piver. iliK t. It'll THE ENTRANCK TO THE STRAIT OK JUAN OK KUCA. lAKlllSlI ISLAND. I'liis island IS the northwesternmost I mil of W'ashinjilon Territms and lies olV the southwest [••'Wil III' the eiitranee to the stiait of .Inan de I'nea. It is half a mile westinirlhwest from the :ii-.iii--i part of t 'ape I'Matlery. There is one main islet nearly one ipiarter of a mile in extenr, I'l iliiee Miiall ones and sevei'al reefs awash close on the west-nnrthwesi face. It is neaily llat- ii']'"i| and without trees, lint is now disti;ij;iiislied by the l.iiilit house biijlilinj;s upon i(. Tlio - III. KM' i> ■me liiindred and ei;;ht feet aboxc hif^li water, and the sides are nearly verticil. The 'M'Me iii.iss is (Mimposed of coarse sandstone cony;lomeralc \\ ilh an outcrop of basalt on one of ' M !i(i^. There is a depth of two or ihiee feet of soil upon the top, wlinh was formerly cnltivatetl 'v •!.!■ liidi.ins (IS.'iLM, who resorted here in snminer about one liniidred and lil'ly stroiii;, and Il II M xeial houses near the only boat la ml in i; on the inside iil' the islet. A reef extends a ipiarter ' Ills :ii'i'iiiiii| is .'IS riilliiw ■• : " l.aliliiili' I- ii'.i . s.n\ till' Liiiil. Iti'i'i'wiis mtii a liiyli niimiiliiiii, ciivrii'il with ■ " liiili ii|i|ii'.iri'il liKi' an i-hiinl in llir ilislaiui'. Il i.i callril Smilii /.'ii«(i/iii, ami is ri'iUmwil In Im in l- 0.". , 1 'I '.I, 1*74." Ami attain : ".\ iiiniintaiii iinlalilr I'ni' liiiiif; isnlalril. ami mi all hiiIis llu' uninlry was liiw ami vvi'll i' •!. ami, jiiil|;iiii; fniMi llir Nimikr, il is iiilialiitril, l.atiliiilr l" (17." 172 J I !• f .13 1 !i II W \ Mgj i i ^r- • 11 I'Acinr cHAsi' I'll.nr, of it inilo olV til*' Wi'rttWiiril siilt> nl' t)l*> InI)!, ;IIii| Ihr wliolr fXtfllt of tilt' MvtH itIMi r)'<'r> liiiir :i mill' ill Ini^tli west iiintliwi'sl \>\ mii' lli, i| "lih «i(|(S, cxcfitt iM'tWffii (III- islet :iiii,-< ii|tiiii wlmli tin' svm II I' lnM\il.viii li;nl wtMilii'i-. Wt'liaM- Im'oii jiiloiiiutl tlial small vrssils liiw ;,'ttiif lIniMmJi n saj;i- w lit'ii laiiiiiit'tl l).N an iiMt'aMiralilc wiiiil. In so ijoiii;; ;^iimI iisK iiiii>( lia\f Iktm iiicm .{, Ilic niiiviiis 111 llif \ifinit.\ run vrr.\ irn');nlail\ anil stmii;;. Wlicii a|i|>ri>ai'lii'il tVniii Mm ui waul tins |i,issai;c InoUs as \\iiii> as tin- t'Miiit nl' llir Islaml. Tlir Finn rillnr. — I'riim tin- tii|t uC TaMnsli i.slainl a Iriiiiii.; incUv inliiiiin lUii- Imiicli. • hmI t'oit.v I'i'i't liii;li ami til'l.v Iri-t in liiaiiu'lrr is smi niiii' liiillis nl ,i milr mhiII, lliiit.v n;;lii .i <,. iMst ^S. .'ts ' !•;,) rmni till- l.i^lii liinisr, ami aii|s I'litin iIm i|,, wliii-li an- iiiii' IiiiiiiIiimI ami l\vi-iil,\ I'itI lii;;li. Il is jiisi mii' i|iiailc'i d .1 iiiilr Miiitli siMi i,..ivi fiiMii till' wi'sli'iiiimisi |)iiiiil iif ilic iMpr. Il shows wi'll wlii'ii a Nrssrl is a|i|iriiarliiii;,' 'Irn.isli Islaml IVoiii till' m>rlli\visH\;ii(l, ami is I i>t siiiilriim IlicSliaii nl I'ma wliiii llir lai I I'm is just ii|>i'li li.\ till' casti'ili lailui'llt nl 'r.ilnnsli Isl.iii I. Al llial Iiiim' tin' jiiilai lills niii' tlni ' <•! ll,, a|>]>airiil ^.ip, ami llir tnp Iraiis iialt its Inraillli In srawanl. It is smi |iis| hmt tin' isiainl niil\ ili^.tppcii's wlii'ii it liiai's sniilliiMst tlili'«' ipial li'ls rasi ( SI'",. ,' I! 1 n\ rr I lir cxt irinc « i-i iri't' 111' Taloiisli Islaml. Il is a tnlli" liiuliiT lliiii llii'MiiK inrKv ilill pisl iimlliw aid nl .•.i|.. was rallrcl llic I'innarli' \li»-k Itv Mi III .liiiii'. 1 Tss. Ill Sliilllisnliian ( 'iMltl'ilHltlnns in Know li'il;;i'. J .'11, p. Si;, |||<' pill. II is naiiiril 'I'sa ts.i 1' Itrais to till' nmlliwrst ; is sixty li'i'l ili.imi'ii'i al tin' liasr, ilccirasrs In a I'l'W \aiils al tin i. wliirli is riiMTt'il Willi Inw sliiiiti'il liiislirs ami ;.:iass. || |>, mai'rrssilili', i'\ri'p| (in tin' smii Imm ll'. ih> pa^'c IIMI It .1 Ts.ii fsai ll. iiif, T\riiii,>laml Inu.inls llii' iinllliwi'slii n |.ir Till' l,i.:lil hnilsi' is jiist iiini'lv _\.in|s smilhi'.i^I liiiiii ihr i\l iinn' wr^li'iii pniiil nl tin 1 isli't, ami I sM'iily Iim' van Is in rimii tin- iil;:i' nt' Ihr rlill. v\ huh is hni' n iiirl \ si'M'Ii jii-l aim ■ 1'^ ll rniisists lit' a Ki'i'pri's ilwi'lliii;; nl' ;;ra,\ sainlslinii', with .1 tnwri nf liijck whiii'u rislii;; aliiiM' it, aiiil sni'iminiitcil li\ a lialiislraili' ami an imn laninn paintril 'ilark. Thr is till' finstnin ul' a rniir. Tin- liuhl was liist r\liiliili'il I >i'ri'inliri- L'S, Ih.-iT, ami shii\v> ni;,'lit rimii sniisi'I In .snnrisi' w Jlinl iihili lli/lll (irllh ml iil>l) nt llli' lilsl nlilrlnr l^'lrslirl. It iihiiiiinatrs (Jill ) twn hiimlrril ami si\l.\ I'liiir ilr;:i'i'i's nt tin- lioi i/mi ami tlir lliiiits ' .-I1..1 ail' lit' visihililv rxti'lli! I'lnlll snlllh siMi'i'ii ili'-ii'i's ras I iS. It; I, /iiliml li\ till' sniitli, Wi- iinrlh til iinri h .sixl\ li^ijil ili';;irt's rasi ( N. (is I',. I, inrlmlinu' ^ anriinsiT Islaml. To Ihr sniill, n.inl this limit passi's taii^rn! In I'lallil.N llnrks. ami a \issrl will sir il railitiv nr Insr il lii'lnir _" . aslinii'. Iiiiii I III' Strait il jiassis iii'.irl\ iaii;;iiil liiiurin Tainnsli Islaml ami Nriali 11. i\. I > lirii:lil III' till' Inral planr is si\l \ t'niir I'itI alin\i' Ihr liasi- nl' Ihr Inw it ami nnr li mill ml a in I two fi'i't alinvi' till' nii'aii li'Vrl nl' till' sra. On till' lltli III' OrtnliiT, ISsT. a rul rni/wAn inlmiliii'i'il into the irhiti liiilil to «'nvi'r tli. |"-i tiiiM anil appmai'lii's to Diinraii ami l>iiiit/r I! Tlii'sr ilaii^'i'is lii' in Ihi' axis iii' iiiiil'l' this ii'il r.ay, wliirh ciiiliiarrs 7 l.V, apprii\iniatrl.\ , lirtwi'rii its oiitrr limits, ll snliti'inls il from N. .'il W. to N. .'},so \V. The wliili> ra.v is not .sci'ii inlhi' spaci- lovcml It.v tlir rt'tl i:i.\ Duncan's Itock is our mile tioiii tlir la;;litlioiisi' ami Itiint/c Itork our ami a ipiarlri ini It will liap]ii'ii that wln-ii tin- aliiinsphni' islliirk 01 siimk.v tlir iril ray will iint jiriirli a ion;; ilistaiii'i- .si-awanl, ami vi-sscls must tlirrcfori- lir prcparcil tor tliiN i-omlitioii an ('.oiis('i|iirnct'.s. ill cli.'ar wealliLT tlio lij^lit .sliniihl lir sfi-n I'loiii a ln'i>;lit of — III I'ri't lit a illslllllir of 1".°.' lllill'N. ■■lit I'i'i'l llV.I lIlNlalHi' nf t'.*.7 lllllr.s, :tll I'l'i't ;il It ilist:! I'lll I'i'i'l al a (li-l if ','11. '.I mill' IIH'.' of lllllr so'liat a vi'.ssi'l troin flic sniithwanl will iiiakc il ten iiiihs lii'lorc making the I'latter.v l>'i>il The },'i'o;.'raphical position of the Li;;litlionse, as ileti'rmiiu'il liy the L. S. Coast ami
  • .-,;i<. I'ACIIIC COAsr I'II.mT. IS lolllMi 'l{.i. r swell I ,,, iiii^ii II ,,, ■II lliriii '., . Illll III. A\ > liiihilii i >i,, I rii;lil .'. I,. riiitii III. iiiiil h Sim ^l ,1^1 ifliili;; 'I iMM-l MI'i'ol I' . . ,;. • IK' Illll ' nl ||. till' i^i,lll I .11 iCtlcllii' '( • '. waul III Ts.l Is;, ,1 ,1, : I mis III III. i..|,, I lilt- Mlll'lllMsl llWI'Ntn II |i,M! ill! Ill llii' III. I II I I'l't'l llliin I- llii |U \\ lllIrA ,l>|iii| . 'I'llr l.n>,| sIlDW IM'H rsMi'l, iliilt^ .'' li'. Illl, wi-l. .11"! Ill' Slllltli^v.llil lirlnli- >;iMli|; all l:.i.\. Til. rcil ami >i\n ill ll KVIT III' |i"-l III' mill. Ill' I'l itniils III.- .11. It'll i,i> al'Iri mil'-. t |irlirll.l!i' ll' ilitiiiii ami ii< TV Ji'iM'k-- t anil Ci'CHli'tir i.rlli. l-Ml. MA In .laiiiiiiry, IH.V». tli« ni;i(;in'tii' Viirlatioii was 'J.! ' oil' last, ami hail a y<'!irl.v iruTi-aHi' of tVA, Illll III- I'a.sti-il.v vaiiatliMi lias iii'ail.v iimiIh'iI its (rrrali'st ran^i'. Hull' ,iii> iitlii'i- ItiiililiiiKN 1)11 til)' islaiitl iMiiiiifotvil uitii till! Iil;;lit house; onti is twenty- 11 vo V ||..~ III ilir iiiirllii'ast. IIiLh Ii^IiI is aJNo known as tlii> ('a|M' Klatti'ry LiKhthoii.st*. STKAM Foil .SIIiNAI. I>N TATfinSIl ISLAM). \liiiiil lliiity yaiils to tin- noiliiwi'slwanl of the Iii;,'lil lioiis«> is thr liiiililini,' I'ontaiiiinj; tho .'. I I III'.; siL;nal. Till' siiniiiliii;.' apparaiiis is a twrlvi- inrli siiaiii wliisilr, wliii'li issitiinili'il iliiritit; I Illll rii;.'u> wrallii'i' (■»'''c.v iiiinnlt' ; t\iv hltisls nrr rif/ht Kironih hnuj AWtl Ilii" iiitrrriils Ji/lf/tiro ^,,,■ll'i^, ll was fstalilishi'il Novi'inliiT I, l.HT'J, lint was liist sonnili'il .Inly I'.t, I.S7.t. I'lotn 'raliiosli Islaiiil l.i;;lit lion.sr wr liaM- tlii' lollowiii^' lii'aiin;;s ami ilistanri's lo iin|iortant ,ili|i'its ; ('ii|i"' ' liriinl l.iulit-liiiiiHi' s, (';i|n' Urr;;i'i> I.IkIiI Ii"iihi> S. :i:i:i ill' c.i !■; Yiii|ii illll lli'iiiU l.iyliiliiiiiMi. 1 iml inlrrviNililc) Tilhtiiiiiiik lim k l,i;;lil liiiiHi' I mil iiiliTN iNililr I .S. :l:IJ K :iii:!; Miili'N. 'J'JI Illill'H. I.'iii Illill'H. (■;i|n' lli.<:i|>|iiiiiitiiiriil l.i:;lil I1I111-.1' I nut iiilir\ inilili'l ."< X- Iv I'.'.M iiilli' Cllirnll I>|i.|. II, Hill nf C:!!!.. ,l.ilil|., .Smmil, Vinu'niivir NLiml N. lij \V I 'ill 11 1 1 1. Ill illll. ViiiiriiiiM'i I si 11 ml N. •,".' W llwi'ii I'liiiil, I'nil .'^1111 .liiaii. Vaiii'iiiivrr Islaml N •-'.; Ila It... Kh Mulilliiiii sr I lint llllrrv i.sl Mr Kiiill.ili I'ninl. Wi'Hl siiji' .Nii'ali Ma\ (imt intirvisilili. NT! i: '.M Illill'H. I'.'.' MlilcH. ;tll| Illill'H. VJk Illill'H. 1:1 Illill'H. |-| Illill'H. :M Illill'H. A iili';:ia|ili lim- lias lui'ii I'staltlisln'il lntwi'i'ii I'mt rnwiisiiiil ami 'I'atoosh Islanil via I'ort .\ii;:rli's. I'liiin tlir Islanil wralliri rrpiirts ari' sriit to all plarrs mi rii;,'rt Sonnil tor the iiifornia- null ..f ship mastiTs. Till' pii'Si'lit liaiiii' nf till' islanil is that ;:ivi'ii ti> iis wlirii wr witi' Iiiti' tliiri- inolltlis in 1.S52, hy till' Imliaii Tiilii' (tlii' Miik kawsj* inhaliitiii^; llii'sliori's ul Nnali I'.ay, tlii' I'api- anil the uccan sliuii' soiiii' ilistaiiri' siiiitliwaiil. 'I'lii'lr iiaiiii' tn ilrsl^iiali* an islanil is npirlmk't. Mil' r.ntisli .Ailmiialty I'liait, No. 11)11, rails tlir islanil Tatniu'li. On .Iiini- -\). I7.S.S, Mi-aii's. passing; tlir I'litianri' to tlir sliail, liuvi- to nil' this island, was ' M^iii-il liy tin- Imlians, ami si'iit an nlllcrr to I'xaminr it. who ii-pintril that it was a " .soliil rock n.\»'ni| with a litlli' viTiliiii', anil siiriiiniiilril l»y Ini-akris in I'Vi'iy iliii'i-tion. " Tliry also "saw .1 \i'i\ irinarkalili' incK that wmi' thr a|iprai'aiirr nt an nlii-lisk. anil stooil at .snnii' ilistani'c from till' islanil." To this roi'k hi' (;avi> tlii> nami' nf i'innarli- Knrk. It is tin- I'ulniniiar, leaning; rock aiiiail'. ili'sriiliril as till' Fni-a I'illar. Ilr savslhat — I 111 islaml itsi If itpjii'ikri'il to lir a liarii'ii rm k, aliiinst iiiairrNHilili', ami nf im (irrat fNtriil ; Imt llir siirfiu'i' nf is far as wr roiilil si-c. waw iumtiiI with iiilialiilaiils, wliii wrrr "a/uiK at tlir slii Tlir rllirf .1 III.- s|m|, wini.sr iiaiiir is T'alniirlir, illll lis tlir faMH nf a \isil. ami irl.\ .Mill fnrliiililili^' a rl. tiT wr liail Illll vrl srrll Till' Imlians oviilontly ^avi' him tlu' naini' of tin' island, which he mistook for th.it of tho i't. Ilisski'trh of till- islanil anil rapr also inrlinli's Kork Diiiu^an. Ill .\iiL'nsl, IT.S.S, Dniiran ralh-il this (iii'i'ii Islanil ni' To Tniirhi'S. Too too trill- is till' Nootka naini' for Ihi' ■■Thnmli'rliinl. "* Thr MiiKkaws ori;;inallv i-anii' from Illl Wl St I'liast nf X'aiiroiivt'i' Islanil. .Siiiiih.sonian ( 'out rihnt ions to Kiinwh'il^^i', liL'i), |). I, rails tlii' Islanil Tatnocho ; ]t. nf thr islanil, w hirli is alsni'allril < 'pa jn'ta ; anil p. 00, Opa Ji'k ta. .■^niith.soniaii (Contributions to Kiinwh'il^i', I'l-'O, jjivi's tin' iiainr nf Ihi' Thiinik-rbiril, [». 7, I. '1 klul.s Milk All -.Sniillisiiiiiaii (iiiitiiliiili.ms In Kimwli'il^ |i. 1. sjirlls tlir iiaiiir Mak.'ili, III iiinri' prn|ii>rly Mil kali. I'aur lll'i it Ha.VH tlir tlilial iiaiiir nf llir Muk kaws is Kwr-tiailrlir-rliat. t'l'nii-toiirli is a iiii;;lily mi|M'i natural liinl ilwrllin;' alnft ami faraway, 'llir ll.il>nf liin win;;s iiiakrs tlir tliillii]i>r T". tall) ami liis tiin;;iir is tlir fnrkril lifjliliiin;; ; In' is t lir siir\ ivnr nf fmir Inlils w liiili niirr ihvrll in tlir laml nf tlin ll .« . liiikliH iilits ill llir .Vlliiini Caiiiil, tlirrr nf wliiill wrlr killi'il liy l^ii iw tr-illit. (.SfrliOH mill .Stlulii'Hiif .Savago 1. !• ). IT", .Sproat, Loiiiloii, ISiVs.) h i i li l>r iHT' ii ^# If.:''. ,1 1 ■I mi n i'ii il *.. >t(; I'Aclllr CMAHl' I'll. III'. ItiM K III NC \N. "Ill ,,,U|, This IH ,1 HliLlll, lnw, lil.liK iiKk, n-lli- iIi.iM' llir Iii-Ih'sI t IiIi«*. ImiI .iIw.I.Nh U;|>||i wt'slfin >«tll «lii(li liiiMk> iiMT II. I>fi|i w.itci j. rmniil rliiNi' .iiiiiiiiil ii. 'I'lir liiiK |s (III,. Hill,. ^ S'. .!."i W.ill 'r.lliMisli Ul.ilnl l.i:;lil limix ; i| |<. I li I lir r> '/ lliiiii Mil' l.l;;lit liiillsi'. .\|;lll\ M'SM'N li.l-o Ix'tWiTll lliis ruck illlil r.lliiii>li Ul.iinl. .is llir rli.iil ^liuw-. IwiiiM lit, i ,t|| OrilH III till- |i.iss,|;.'f; litil ,1 n>i K li.is liiTII li'jiiil I'll III lllr rlMlilnl, .iiiil II \Milllil III- Wfll III .n..|,| .1 llillll llic iliHll'l In >i I .Il |,.>|, \ .iiir.iiiM.|\ \,.v,,.|s |i.i>Nci| lirlMiTii l!niii. 'I'lic link «.l- liist tliitlrt'il l*> Ml. I> '.Ill III .\ii;;i|s|. IT^S, iiml |ikii')i| ili l.ililiiili' l> i: I h, w liirl, \ m ,,., w III) u.i\ I' It I li(< |iii'M'iit II. I Mil-, nil I Ml In I 'I I .1 I \ |iii::i.i|iliii'.il II iiii . 1 1 I.. Ill III II mil' |<> ' r hiiiiii;.' .1 tliii'i- iiiiiiiiIin' -.iMx al Nii.tli II. ill |s .1111 1 il|iiill I Ills link \« Itli r.llliirs, lull I'liiilil Mi'\ 11 I'lli rl mil iili|i'i'l. v.', \\ I' I I It'll ll|lllll NI'V I'l ll III I >. ^ .1 \)ii I.I II (III/. WIS ri'|iiii It'll li\ till' -.ii'.ini Iiil; I'.UiI.i hi \\ \\\\: \\\\\ liiiiiilii'il mil till! I' lllltnlll l| ,\.IIl,ilii|, Ki'llill j.li,, A link li.iN III:: I III 11' I.I I III Mils III w .ilri II I II III II, J ml tn w Im h lir '.^.i v i' tliis n.imi' ; in lii.iv \ v\i .iil.i i tin- .swi'll lin'Mks ii|Hiii II. Tlii'ii' Is i|i-i'|i w:iii'i .ill .irmiml ii. Il Is Mill' Mini .1 l|U.lllrr llllirs (S. .1.1 W . Ill, III r.lllillsli Ul.llnl |,|;;||| Iliillsl', .Mill 1^ III till' II, I lii.\ sliiiH II rimii (III' l.i;;lit. Willi liii w im', .1 lii'ii\> sui'll 1111111 t III \\i"s|, I lili rill iriil. ;iii>l |i|n\iiiiii\ In ihrs ill n. links ;|||i| I III' isl.iml. ,1 M'SM'I s |iiisii mil IS Mils. Ill', .iiiil i^ii'.ii I'liMl mil sliiiiilil III' i'\ ,'irisi'il II .altli;; lliis |iail <>l I lir flltiaili-i' In Ilii- Sll.iil nt l''iir.i. I'vri: MM I l;l;^ . Tlii> i'\li'iif ol' iicfitii .s|iiif'i> liiii> riiiiii r;i|n' I iis.i|i|iiiiii|iiii'iii III ( "iijic l'",alli'i'\ is mil' liiiMJii.l ,ll|i| I'liIlN I'lulit inill-s. Tills i'M|ir rnlllls till' Miiillii III III', III III' llii' I'lill.llir ' iil ihr Sir. ill nt .Im.iii ill' I- It I I. Is A lllljll. W ll II', l,i;^;;ril .si'.i t.iri- :i lillli' iimii' III. ill niii' liilli' in lrlii;tli Imrtl, ii,,:i st .1111 1 .SI III III sniitlii'ast, iiiiil ,1 1 mil I nlii' liillnllril .mil I w iliI \ liil li Ihr n 'III) IM'K\ ClIlN ail' llhl. !l ilisiiiti'''ratfil l>\ III' wi'.irjii'' ai'lmiinl ll 'r.in : Ihr miiiiiiiiI iisis m mn' imlii to an jin llinlinl.lill nt nil I I'll III I III 1 1 I'l I nl I Wii ihnns.iinl t'l tt rlr\ al Hill, ailil ll.s llailks air rill 11 1 1 Ity ;.'li|'^r-i .III cnVl'liil W Itll .1 ilrlisi' ^iiiw I ll iiT U|i ;;ii|| |i|||i' ami illllinst llll|ii'lli'! 1 alili' iimli I lnilsli rinin lln r,!. of tln> I'l ills III t III' siiiiiiiiJi. I'"iir M'\ I'll 11 l; III lis III a null' Miiitli -mit hi.isi nl I 'ma rill.ii' tin '. i rnlir ni||l\ iiiL.' Inrk.V lll.lsscs, 1 .1 II yi II i; 1111111 Inl I \ nlii' III rights li'i I III lli'l i; ll I . ainl I't'arlllll;; llilr i'i;;lillis III' a mil ' I'lnni llir rlllls. 'i'lif w Imli' lilii' nl' rlills is luinli'ii'il li\ Inw Mark Inrks, is .n as sniiii' h|;;|iii m.issi's Ihal aii' rinsi' llillll I llir s||ii||.. I'lici I'll!. ir III' I'innai'li' llmk has al ii'.iiU till 11 liirlil jniii'il ;\)* hillL' rInsi' nnilcr its snntln |ini:i I. \\ hill s( I'll I'lnlii t III' siiill hwi'sl w .ml the iimliiit.illl mass nl' ( ',i|((' I'lat tri'y i.s lai.scil .i,> .li; isl.iml nil .iiriiiinl nl' Ihr m.n'sliv \.illi'\ III' till' \\°a aii'h iiiiiiiini; Inliiiiil it Irniii Ihr nii'.iii at Mult kaw r..i\ In Ni'i'.ili \\\\\ . 'I'lir lirsi |in.s||iiiii Inl' si'tin;; I his |ii'rilliai it \ IS wlirli a M'ssrl is si\ ,,i srvrli null's sniitli liy wcsl llniii llir 'ralnnsli IslamI l.iylil limisr. I'"l'iilii lliis iliirrlimi lli. 1 . iiiiiiiiilaiiis nil X'.imniivi'r Isl.iml Innm iiji anil slnlili I'ai awa> In ihr iinrthwrsl ami In tin ii.il rast ..aid. W'lirli a \rssrl is folly mill's ti> llir sniilh sniithrasl tlir imiiiiilaili nl' t'a|ir l''|att l'l\ 1- sir' snini'wlial r.iiiitly niitsiilr tin' Inwrr ainl ihirkrr niillinr n| rapr .\la\a. .\ slinri ilislaiicr niitsidi nf thr caiir thrir Is Ihr si|iiair Carinll Islrt, ilistanl si'v cnii'di inilis, in l.il ilinlr |S iiii|'. » ili .i pail III .la;;;;i'il Islrt just srawanl nl' il. I'lnm this rmk stirlih raslw.inl llir lii;:li r.iinli\ »■ i n iiiiiiinlains nt' N'atirmixrr Islainl. As tlir rapr is apprnailiril Capr I'Mallny iisrs; ami wlirii a xcssrl is south smith Ul'-l ll.'Mi thr inniil h III' Ihc (^(lljlllliillc |;i\ri', Ihr ;:rln'ial Inw wiinilril line nl' llir rnasl .stii'trhrs \\u\ ili rirasin;; lii'i;;lit m.uly miiml In thr mu ih mnl liwrst. Ovri' this Inw niillinr air .slii;litl.\ lii:;liii ami mini' ilisl.inl wunilnl liilN. Whrii C.ipr I'laltns lirais iinith li.\ wrsi I liirr ipiailrl's wrst (N. lis W. ,' \\ .) al Ihirt.N Ihlrr miles ilistanrr thr l'"lat|i'l.\ l.'ni'ks. twrlit\ our liiilcs ilislaM, .ih' •A»ll IC riiAST I'll.or. .17 W:i>licil . I,, (' '/ I ihi ,u\vii \rlll\ h I ,||, VM'II !•> < „,! ' III! I> «,1 III.' nil \ iilii-.nr (I .ll uciM :r,|,, ' '.I III. I ' '. ' . .> Ill u ,lll I >. . ' Kl'llrll i>li.. III. IV \ «i.iI|mI ll Is Ml I III' II. I llirsr iilllhiii: I'll'ISCtI Ml 'i.l. . !>. Dllr liii !.|ii.| Sir.iil oi .1 i-i' ll MiH'tl. iM>:li rliiVs .III' tiMli'ii I illl II ir'.'lllll li\ ;,'lll ;.is .ll|i| I I Hill llir I'll.'i' •ill.ir tlirfil!.- iMrllill;.' I ' ll- liicK>. .1% wi-il III- its ■.iiiitjiill; !.•< lai.M'cl .IN .1'! iii'i'.iii .1' \I III OSI'I I- I'liiHi 1 1 ' I .! Ill III III! Mlil'lll ■'ImIIi'I \ I • Ni''''i ;|;iliri Siil'' IS (IMi . vy;lli .1 ;;li l';iilil!\ >i'iii l)llllHM'-l li"l" ti'lli'S « ;'i ill' 'll-ilti-. '• JhI i|iiarli"- »i'^' I'.s ilisj.ii I, ;iii' lillnl nil till' liii|l/i>li oM'slij.' Ill)' liliill n|('a|ii' I'lilllilv, wliirli sjiow.s ;i.s riij|||l\ liilllll;; lil;;ll iiinlil wliuli IS llic ri>Mi|iill;ltlVrl,\ li.w | t id r,i|ii' .\lii\;i In lijiiil tlii' I'l.illrn K'orK.s. (i'ltlillKMit Illl lilf lliill/nli illlil jllxl llllili I Illl' .Sim I III' till' i',||ii' \H llif |||;;|| M|l|.|ii' r;iriii|l |s|i| .i;li |>'ii jiiwiT .mil MiiiilUi' riirk.s |ii>l iiiiisHJc. A HJiiiit ili-liiiirr iiisiilr iil' tins \.-* seen <'iiU« l.'iH l< liiii;;, iiMxIciMli'ly low Willi ii iiiiiimil in ilir niiilillc, iiinl Itliiik. Iliilii tilt' lli>rllllTlllliii.sf |>:itl til' Illl- i'll|ir III*' ^i-1li'l;il iliri'i'tiiill III' till' >1miIc lilif tiiimiii;: ilitii ('!■. Ill I'liiv, anil llii'lnc I III- .siilllllflll slmH' litlliiw.s tilt' ;;i'iii'|al ilil'i't't inn iil' tlir Si I ail ol' I lira In tilt' fa.sUMIld. Illl' illlliiriliatr slinli' lilir Inimil In Nuall Ha.S is iif the xailic rmliitlilm;; I'lnUaiii'l' as lilt' Ill liiiiil ; ll is liniiliiiil li\ iMltiii;; ii.iKv |iiiiiils iiiiil itil'.s I'm' llin t- aiin a li.ilf iniirs ami lias |.iii niic slinil stnli'li III' lii'arli a i|il.il ll I' III' a liillr Inirj, li.n knl liy lil;;i , \tniii|.i| liilKnlrs. This xi,.il lirafll i.s |VM> anil scMIi t'i;,'litlis linlrs ilisnlf n| 'r;ilnns|i Uliiiiil. liiii'S In till' iinllllWI'Sl, anil -: i 'I'll I III I il is till' sli If kai It'll \ ilia;;!' til' ( 'llssft'l, linu ll^i i| ;i> l In- .siiiiiimi linini' nl' llir >'illl..kll\V,s. I iiilii tlir slitiiis iif < ',i|ii' I'lalli'iv I Illl' sliiiii' In Nil ,ili I;, IV, till' t|i'|itli tif waliT laii^fs ll Illl lallmiiis at ,i i|ii.irti'l' nl' a liiili' iiiiInhIi' 1 1||. >|init' iirl' In I'm I \ iiinl .-.iNlx t.il liniiis at niii' null' 1111111 slliilr. 'I Inl r Ih lint llllll ll Ul'l|i aliiUlM III' caji)', liiiailsi' it Is Imii ;\\\a\ Ii\ IIii' lii'a\'.\ ... !l. I lilt sli.i;;;;liliu Kilji is Iniiiitl iii'ai' < 'lis.st't't \ illa;.'t', anil in lai;;fi' mass a mil nil KnJilali I'liinl. Illl' Illl irllts ail' \rl.\ slimi;.; ainimil llir t'a|ir, rrarliin;; as nillrli as llirrr liiiirs prr liniir ilmi;.' llir slinlr ; llir\ srI irif;;nlail\ liiillnl I lir ra|ir, 'ratnnsli Islallil.amI l.'nrK bum .III. Ilravv . Ill nut I ijis .lit' srrii lirt wrrii llir i si. mil ami llir rajir ami llii'inr Invvanl Nrr.ili I>a,V. I'll. Ill llir airnimt nl llir r \ [liiil ,i I lull nl Itiili .In. ill I'.lr/. m tlir llli;alr Stillllilill), ill 1771. Wr ll ,1111 lli.il 111 .\ll^nsl lir »as in tlir lalilmlr nl' ( '.Ijir I'latlri s ami .St 1,1 1 1 III' l''lira, I Ml I Ills Inu stairs ili.it 111 |s 17 I saw I lir laml at a urral ilistant'i'"nnl\ . 'I'lir jniii n.il nl I'lav .limi|iri'n .Sma, \n Im li.i.l • li.ll i;r 111 I 111' nii--sinl|s, rlr., slinw s lli.il t iir |iiis|| jnlis ii| I lir r.l|i|.llli .mil | Inl urlr Inllrli at \.lli.ll|ii. Inn wliirllfMI WIS M;;|il llir rnj,';.'\ ami t llli l> W r.il lirr |iri'\ cnti'il 1 1 rin srrillj^ lllllrll nl' illl' I, mil. In Illl' sriniiil r\|iliH'al inn nl' tlir rnasi li\ llrrrt.i, in 1 7 1'.'i, lirltllrr III', linr l!iiilt';.M, Inn Milliirllr li'|iiirt M'l'in;,' this rajir ni il Irlalliili In I III' Sl I.iil III' |''iii . 'I'hr ,'\|ir(lit Inn liail inri \nlli tllsaslri at Tajir l'!li/..il)rl h .iinl liiiil,r ii|i mhui allri. Tlir l.i .1 innlririirr was ,liil\ I'll, ijiliin;; llir liliilit. Ill latilinlr |s , w Itrn thr I'l i;:alr ilniilnl In Irl iini ililrrl In .Miilitrlrx , anil tlir M linniirr •' riiiwilril s.nj in | lir w rsl w .11 il ami I'm mil I hrinsrlMs mastris nl llirir nw n arlinir-." On llinr III 11 in In mi I iini I liw rsl I lir\ niailr I lir rnasI aL:am si in I h nl' |s |,ii in llir w rsl waul, ami .iiil> illrw III at ( .i|>r l'!ll/..ilit'lli In rsaminr llir rn.isl lliriiir In |li .'III linitli. Tlir II. iiiir til' till' ra|ii' IS thai whirl; < nnk j;.i\r In this Inailhiml in I77.S. In 17S.S ra|itaiii liiMii'.m aiii'hnri nil llir .' mil ll slinlr nl' I lir St I all nl' .III a 11 ilr I'llra, nil a \ illa;.'i' W llir || hr rails Cl.i.isit, ni (la.isrt, in |> .'{If, ami I III- latirr iianir lir j;a\ r In thr rajir. On irrnii |>i iii.>|i r hails it IS ra I It'll Cajir < 'l.is.srt tir l''lallri'> . Iirrailsr in I 7''!'-' \'am'iin\rr .statril that as tlir iiamr uivrii li\ till' inili.ins In tlisllii;,Miisli il, lull in a mai;:inal iintr il is rallril ■■rajir Flail rrv." On I >r .Mnl'ias' iii.i{i ll IS r.illt'tl " ('. {''lattrl'V nr 1. 'I'liliisy." In I s.'i'J wr I'tiliml lli.ll lilt' Ihril lirad rliirl' nl' t hr \liil> ka.Ns, a jiiiwci Inl iiiaii almiit Im I \ nr I'ni I s li\r _\i'.ir.>» td'aj;r, railrd hiinsriraml was rallnl li\ llir liilir I'lissrrl'; lint wrrniilil lint asrri'taitl llir inraliili;; nl' tlir wiM'il nl' w lirlhrr I his w as all li'inlil.ii \ tillr. On Ihr Wfslnn <'nasl tlir r.ijir is imi\ risallv knnwii as ('ajir {'"lailrry. I'lnin llir llnilsnii Hav < 'mil jiaiiv 's rliirl' rarlni's w r lia\ r Irai'lird that it w as nrai' this rajir lli.il .1 .Lijiaiirsr jimk was wirrknl in 1S''!.'1, arrminlsnl' wliirhair fniind in I'lrlrhrr's nariati\ r ami "1 'hat nf llir I'nitril .Stairs I'lx jilni in.u llx jirilil inn ; alsn in .SrliiinlrralTs Inilian 'I'l ilirs nf Ihr I lillril St. ill L'l; 111 r lim k hail niii,'inall> arrrw nl' Ihirlrrn |it ismis, nl' wlinin Iwn inrii and niir Imy wrrr alivr njiin .s|n> Was linardrd Ity Ihr 'iilkkaws, nlVCajir {''latlrty. 'I'hr siii'n ivnis wrrr lakrii iiitn l.iM';.\, lull aUriwards irilrciiiril lis Ihr llmlsnii lias ('miijiaiiy. 'I'liis uifi'k, with llial at ('lalsnji I'nint ami oihris rniiiid at sra. shnws slrnnuly tlir dirrrtinii • ll llir |iii'vailin;j winds, and rsjirriallv tlir iiilliirnrr nl' Ihr ;;iral .lajiaii Warm Stirain (hat ritis.sr.s llir I'arilir, and rrarhrs tln^ Aliirriran roast almiil lalilinlr .Vi , w hrif il tliviiirs, Ihr j^rratrr part iliiwiii;; ilnw n Ihr coast iit ilriiisji 4 'nliiiiiliia. Wash iiii; Inn, Orr;;nn, and ('alil'oriiia, and tlio .sinallrr iiamh swiriiint; clnsr, aloiiy the iiorthwesl slmir.s, and uiiilrr KadiaU IsUunl turiiiii;,' to tbe south- « I'St . m I ll I i i;'i i' ." > I i i !^ ^ ' IS'i/ 1. ;. ,f 1 ""' ' ,J* ' '"'i ' 1; |:! i n ■ r)i8 PACIFIC COA.ST riliOT. nEroUTKD llANK ol' CAI'F. KI.ATTKRY. Tlu'i'o has Im'011 lUM'xliiiustivc hydrojirapliic survey of tlic approadios to tlic ciitriuirt i n,, Strait of I'lica. The liv(lro;;ra|)liy so far as «'xt'nit«'(l by llu> IWilisli and Aiiu'iicaii Sin m . ;i|,i cat*' tlu- oxisti'iii'f of cxti'iisiv*' hanks, liiit no ilt'ptli of less than tliirtv llirrc fatlioms i.- ^u,.;, '["he siihinarin*' valley of the Strait of Fiiea is liarreil alirnplly at the nortliwesl suli ut ii,,. enlranee, ami seems to run sharp!\ aiound and outside Tatoosh Island to the soiithsdutliu. v| |,„ a few miles. Notwitlistandiii); these i)nhlisln'd results, several naviy;ators have rep*. 1 less di i.ihs ,,| water, and it seems oidy j)rinlent to l)rietly refer t.) them. Fifteen miles hy esiiinatuin iml \vi>i northwest (WNW.) Iroiu ("ape I'lattery, it is reported that a hank exists ha\ in;; ei};hteeii l.iiliniii, upon it. The ehart ;;ives thirty"i;;hl tatluuus in this vittinity. !• ISOI, a vessel ic|hiiIi(| Ii.imm.^ aiu'hored for twenty two hours during; thiek weather iii twelve fathoms o\»'r a hottoiii of -in ^.h,,! and black speeks. I'pou the weather eleaiiiifj up slu< was westsouthwesf (WSW.) Iim; ( ,i|i,. I'Mattery and eould jllst see the fop of Tatoosh Island. This would i)laee her tifteeli oi -i\ic,M n;iles from the island. In her supjiosed jiosition the ehart y;ives sixty to ninety fathoms. In.liih. IStt"), the .sehooiier Urmit, iif Viftliin;:. The lish aie known as red eod and wei;,'li fioni livi |.i tit'teen iiounds each. The bank has soundiii;;.^ in twenty-live fatlxMus. and is sixteen iiiilr-. iii:iih due west tVomCape l''laiter\. This location lias no soinuJiiiKs and lies between lilt. \ ami iiuriv live fathoms of water. In \!i ^l.">'. and seventy live ■iiiics west by S4)iith from Tatoosh Island, l.a I'l ii"i>,' si.audcd over a bank liaxiiij; lliirt> tiv c tathoins and a )ieblily lio'tcun. On a line almul '\>r!ri miles north by east trom that point he ;;ot forty t «'o, forty-li\f. sixty-live, sexcnty live, ami iluM) four f.itlKHiis; thence southeast he iiicrea.sed his depth to uiuet\ futhoiiis in about seven iirli-. The wcallici was fo;;;;y, and he had no obscr\ atioiis foi position. This is, doubtle, .tlic li.ihk l.siii;; tiiii'l.N the to forty live miles west t'rom Cape I'"latt»'r\. ami making out from liarcla,\ ^.iiiiii The I'!ii;;li--h chart. No. I'.MT, exhilnts this bank, to which I have applied tlit^ name l.a I'l ihum-, The ;;cneral ehart ;;ives a fair representation of the dejith of water otV the entrance to the xr.nf of Fiu-a, and indicates the deepsuhinariue valley )iarallel with the coast a short distance mmi:1i ..| Cape Flattery, but the Ibllowiii;; li;;ures are instructive: Oil a ;;encral direction of southwest half west from Tatoosh Island Lif;!it house there .m ih,. follow in;; de|itlis of " ater at the ;;iven distances : ,i| four miles thirlv -lour fathoms, at nun' niilr- o\i,- hiimli'ed and ei;;lit fathoms oxj-r muddy bottom, at seventeen miles seventy two fathoms, at t"(iii\ li\e miles lifiy ei;;ht fathoms, at thirl\ miles seventy two fathoms over mud, at thirty seveii miles iiinetN three fathoins, and ,it Ibrty three miles one hundred and Meveiitysix fathoms o\ir niiiddv boitoiii. It is \ei,\ esiileat that the UKU};iual plateau of the seaboard t^xteuds well out finiii the coast line in this latitude. STHAIT OK JUAN DE FUCA. The entrance to this strait from the I'acilic i *cean lies between Cape Flattery on the \N aslii side and C.ipc Itoiiilla, on \'aueou\fi' l>land, which Ibrms the muthein shore. Its width i> tweUt' miles, and the l-eaiin;; from Tatoosh Island to Cape Ilonilla is north ci;;htceii ih west (N. bs W'.). From this line the strait runs ea-t for Ibrty the miles, with a uniform of ch'\cii miles. It ^'radnally coiiiiacis to ei;;ht mih-N, between lieechey Head (Ui the mull Striped Peak on the south, maintains the same ilireetion and width tor live and a hall farther between Uace Itocks and Point .Vn^eles; then «'han;;es its dire<'li(Ui to northeast I'; (Ni;. by i:.) lor thirty two inileH to the western shore of NVJiidbcy Island. Kast of Race le expands to the northward to li width of ei;;hteeii to twenty miles, anil divides into I" channels, the <'an,d de llam and !:osario Sir.tit, both leadiiii; throU|,'li WuMbiuglon ,lh.iii _:ui - ndlli .iiiil L- II ■ I rACIKIC COAST I'll.O'l'. 51 J) oiitraiii'i .|' til,. 'ill! Sur\r . ■- ilid' ;illioiiis 1^ uncii. west siili .It III,. llllSdlltllU 'Nt I,, I il less ili|,i|iN ,,f iiatiiiii .iiiil \\i'>i CiUlltt't'll I llll,l|l!^ IT|l01-tlll ii.iv 111^ Idlll of -I.i\ s.iinl I'lSNV.) II,,!;! ( ',i|i,. iftri'Ii ni ^ixtnii lllliitll.s. Ill .liih, iltt'i'v ami . ,iii;lii ici^tli tYiiiii ii\i I,, tl't'Il mill''- lii;lll\ I I'll'tN and II ty iia.sl Smvi'v liiir St .u;ii,; If I. a 1 'i iMiiM', ICf to the Mi.ill istaiK'c >iiii;li "1 n lai an .11 St' tillTl' 111 till' I imio nil'. -"Ill' loms, at t'M iii\ irt v-.scvt'i. iiiilf> ins ovi'P iiiiiilil> ell out iVoiii llic tlicWasliii i;i... s width i> 1,..||' •iyhtcfii d. ^1,1- 1 nniloi'iii ' Mllll 1 the iioiil .III. and a li.iii ..ill oitlicasi 1. . 1- .r Ua.'.' i; cs into 1 • -ll!| sliingtoii : ■ ni'i iK.nliwaril (o tlio Oiilf of (it-orfiiii- It i"* tt'iniinatcil on lln^ I'.ast l>y Wliidht'.v Island;* at tlio .imtlic.ist il itiis.s('s itilo Adiniialt.v lidct iiiid Viv^vl Sound, and is lioiiiwled on tlio sontli by tlio iii;tiiilaiid of Wasliinnton, wliicli forms tlio oiitiro .soiitluTii slioro of tlio strait. From tlio ocean i., \\ liidltc.v Island till' inidclianiu'l distanro is i'i;;lit.vtbit'o mili-s. The dcplli of water tliroUKliout the .still, i.-* reniaikaldy {rri'al, no liottoin lu'iii^' found in its deepest parts with ono liiindied iiiid fiv lailionis of line, and the ten fathoiii line is elosti ninler the shores. It is tho II ilic waters o f Adniiially Inlet, Piij'et Sound. I'ossessi- main artery for m SiMiiid, Hood's ('anal, Canal (U^ llaro, t.iii. ,.n'f ,;iiio Sliail, Ilellin^iliam I'.ay, and the vast (Jiilf of (leoinia. ext.'iidiiijj between Vaneouver ml Hritish Columhia, forone hiimlred and twenty miles, with an avera^jo widtli of twenty. IT miles per hour; and oil' tint are lioM, alinipt, and luivered lie 1 iiireiits iiiii with an aveiaf,'e veloeity of not less than tli mils ami r.eei'lie\ Head over six miles an hour. Tin Willi a heavy f,Mowth of varied tiniher ami den.se iimleiiuiisli. On the north side, the mountains ii-c Lipidly from the water, and many attain an elevation of not le.ss than live Ihon.sand or six tlioii.sand feet. Tlie.so urtuHiveied with liraiid spi iiee marlv to (heir siimniil.s. On the south side Im lliitly miles t'lom the enhMiii'o the shore is lionnded by hills I'loni one to (wo tliou.sand feet in liniiht. baeked by the Jaj;,neil Olympus ranp' of more than ei;;lit thonsanil (wo hundred feet (Il Milioii. For the next lifty miles the shoie is jjeiierally a steep elilf, I'roin til'ty to two hundred I'rit lii.uh, witha Hat and den.sely wooded eoiintiy extemlin^ nearly to the foothills »)f Olympu.s, ;iiii| slrelehin^' farther south as ^v(^ move eastward. When pa.ssiii-; through the strait (he },M-eat i)l\iM|piisraiij;e, when elear and dark, looks as if it overhiinf,'tlie lower line of wooded land forming llie .smith shores. This lower line, at ten miles distai.ee, loses its distinetive features exeept where siiili ihip bleaks as Port Discovery, Si|iiiiii May, e.e., biiaU the eonlinnily, and when there, is Mitliiient haze or smoke inside to f;i\e relief to the points at their i'liliaiu'es. There is a great ilciuv.ssion in the tirst part of the range south of Port Anj;eles. The Hanks of Olympus (o (ho iioilli are generally ehai>arral eoxered well up to the summits of four or (ivo thousand feet. hiMile of these tianking spurs the peaks of very nearly e\iii height are wild, sharp peaked, and hiiiKi 11. with low angle slopes giving an iih'a of massi\ ciiess. At the eastern limit of (iie strait \\\f uislern I'aee of Whidbi'y Island is very steej); il is about two hiindied and (itty feet high, and :ip|)c', IIS lla!, as does ;iio whole (country eastward to the dark, sharp eiit oulliiie of (he Ca.seado Kiiii;!'. stielching its serrated liilge noithward, where the snow p"ak of Mount llakert is distiiie.tly .sci'ii. .iml to the southward, where (he higher .snow peak of Mc uit l{alnier| attraebs the ey«', hilling dry summers the Indians and settlers set lire to the fort-sts in every iliieetiiui, and the ciiiiiitrN soon beeonies enveloped ill a vast stnokit lliat lasts for (wo or (lireo months. Atsueli tiiiK's It is frei|uently impossible to make out tlii^ shore at half a mile dislanee. The strong west- rily winds eoining up the strait disjierse it for a while, but only (o fan the tires and give them niii'ued foire and activity. \'isitors to the high mountains report (his sinoki' as being from six lotiLilit thousand feet deep. / Ills. ■The f. 11. the .Straii i if V ica\ ic, near the entrance, and decrease in fre- iii'i iry and density up (he strait. At the entrance to the .stiail the log from the ocean some- iiiiirs .slamls like a wall, and \ cs.sfls eiiteriii'r the strait run out of il into clear biii;lit weather lici'ore they pass Tatoosh I.sland. The wind, lioweMr, giadiially works it in, and it iVl'll i.illuw the northern shore past San .liian Harbor to (he Sombiio K'i\er. Less fieipieiiHy it reaehes iic;!!l> lo Sooke Inh'l, and at times envelopes the Iv'ace Islands. Asainleil may be said (hat tlie In:: IS more iiiely tu follow farther itito the strait .iloiig the .southern shore, reaching as far as I'lirt 'I'ow n.seiid, when the norlliern pari of this wide part of the strait Is free. Ill l.S.M,', wlii'ii W(i were ob.-ei\iiig lor three months at Neeali Ihiy, we saw the blai'kest fog III. It ue lia\e ex|ii'rienced on this coast, and the Indians declared (hey could not go along the iii.i.st in such a case. The l'ogi;iest months are iliily, .VngnsI, and .September. The suiiimer sea son 111 this l.iiitii le is fre(|ueiitly very lainy, and I'or the year the rail! fall at (he entrance to the >>r;iit li.is reaehi'd one liiindieil ,kiid lliirtN I wo inches. ° I lial pall III' lli« Si I all nl' I'm :i lasl nl' K'ui' l{.i. ks In Wjiiilliry l>.l.iiiil, ami all nl' \V.i>liiii::liiii Sun ml, ronilS |. Ill ..I ilii. •■ liiiir 111' (li.iirj;ia" iiii V.MU'uin ri'.s ni-nrral rliai I, .'iiiil nil llir ili'lailril i liaii llii- " liiil|ili of IJi'iUKiil. " ' ^aiiiril Miiiilatia s.'iu It III iii'lisd nprraliiiii N'nvi'iiiliri' 1:1, l-'i:t. It allaliis an rlrvalinn nl' Iniiiirrn tlinnHaiiil I'niii' liiinilrril anil i..il> Iniir I'lTl, anil in lliinki'il li.v living Klaciiis lirsl, I'lnniinliiiil .iml imlilislii'il in (s.'i?. TIhtk iiiiMratcis at llir •ininiiil, anil lint );iMrii I'm'apiiiK. *i>j m , iM^ : -^i; ,1 if f!i mU ij'i 1 '* si 1 1: ^ ■ i^ * ! f' ; 5-:o PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. W'iiiils nnd Iiaiii.— \\\ Riimiiier tlu> prevailiiijf wind draws into the stmit, ineroasiii;; ImvmihI^ t'voniiij;, and fn'iiiu'iitly lilowiiit,' a ton knot l»rci'/«> boCoro niidnijjlit; bnt nnU'ss tliewiiid i. ^inm, ontsidi' littU' is IVlt in tlu' 8lrait, and frwiueutly siilinj; vt'sst-ls may bts a w»'i'k rroniCaiic 1 l.iiii i\ to Admiralty lalct, or rice rrrxa. In winter tbe sontbt'ast winds draw directly out and m iir ,i very beavy eross sea oil' tlie entranee, the great .southwest swell meetiuy; that rolling; out. In mi, j, cases sailiiit; ves.sels try to "iain Neeah Hay or San Juan Harbor, and remain at anchor uuiil i|„ wind chaiijies. In lu-atinj; in or out ve.s.sels may run a» cl.ise under either shoro as wind :iih1 cm lents warrant, as iiD hidden danjrers have been found lialf a mile otV shore, exeepl .u i lie wim side of the small iui,l,i,| Woek Duncan. In winter the weather olf the entrance to the strait is particularly .severe and the swell is \(i', heavy and irre-iular. We have encountered a seven days };ale here with a baromctn liouni,, tweutyniiie inches and heavy do-.vnponrs of rain. At one time we wcr<^ in the ccini i di ,, cNcionie storm. The lainfall at the station of Ne('-ah Hay has reached one hundred and iliiii\ \\\i. inches in a yi-ar, the jrreater part falliuji in the winter. For four years endiu;; in IS.ST the ,ivi i,|m, was ninety live inches of rain. The months of I)«'(!ember, January, February, and MmkIi an marked by the t;rii.iiis n, winter storms. The heavy broken .seas are doubtless owinjj to the shoalint; ort" the enlriim i . ;1m irrefjular and very stnuij; currents, and the drawing; out of the wind from the strait cdiiiliciiiii; with the wind alon;; the outi-r coast. Currrntx. — At the «'ntraiK'e 'o the strait the currents aetpiire, durinjj the "large tide" ui i.i.ii day, a velocity of four miles per hour; and after stroii}; north\;est winds a very large, ^lioii. Inn regular swell is encountered west of Nei'-ah Hay during the ebb eu'rent. If the wind lir li-h' and no steciage way (Ui the ves.sel, the feeling is deciiledly di.sagreeable, especially as Ihc iiiihn! seems constantly to set close around Kock Duncan and Tatoosh Islaml. If a vessel tall iiiioih. trough of this .swell she is bound to fetch away something. Wc kno V not where to point to such a ramilication of inland navigation as exists limn (',i|ii Flattiry to the head of I'liget Sound and through Washington Souiul, save in the Hniisii |m.>. sessions to the noithward. For depth of wat»'r, boldm-ss of approaches, free«l. and courses are giwid and trustworthy. Vancouver entered fho strait iu 1702, and gave to tho world the first detailed and aiiilniiiir account of it. \fi,vli^-.; \ i k^«-'.. '.d>. . 'W, 1'"' It}'' . '] ^ri'asiii;; iHwaiii, lie wiiul I. .slum; •111 Cap., n.ittcn out, ami nviiii' ,1 "«<>llt. 1;, siicii aiiclior iiiiiil 111, >s wind Miiil ,111 »:e('i>t ai ihr u|.m ir mill's iiiMili-i.| till' swell iN\ip. ■niini'ti'i liuwii |„ the criilrl III •,! ■<1 and iliiit\ itti, ISMT I lie .mi-,|M|. , and Miiirli aiv oil' tlif >ti-ail.s II, lie cntiaiici', ;li( strait ciiiiiliciiiit: rpe tide" ,,1 ,-,„i, lai'tfi', siiiiii, 1,111 lit' wind 111' huhi l.V as liic ciiihii! .iMsel fall in;,, ih, I'iiU exists 11(1111 (',i|,i till' IJnti.sli |i.,,v. oiii from 111, 1, 1, 11 ITV sllnli-s, lliiM ly It.v iliai .,rc,i on conn II i; Iniin veil liy Malihiu Eitgk\ iimli 1 ih, il iiifonmiimii 'I 'II li'a}j;u('s 1 'I nail. i;lear iiiiImiiiii,!,,! \- NimmlcMl. •• liu; Meat a ii.iit'. V' sail .Fiiaii ,'11 ilih of the l'li!l ;li i l)r explnla' and (lali.iin, .!i.:i iiiles in .ni ■ i- itude of I i: of this ai il I"' tildes, di,-^: •' id and aiiili''ii>'< t ■.'.4 Apprxaclirs to the Strait of Fuca from the WSW. vSix views.) Klatt.'r\ Korfc SE. i.«..l-niilei«afet. 'JSM^~ P^&.ji?.- iSwil a... k. WoHt P»H«t«,. to V....11I, \Uy. Cap,. Klalfory. Wuad-dah IhIhihI. Iii}iiiil(H. Nortli Slidr.-, CaiiH l'li»li..ri , W. hj S J s. 11 unIin. " * ■ T lutuT Kock. Seal U.wk. Went uiilranre to Ni't-ali Bay. Wa-ait (lah IhIuikI, W . i S., h^ „i Ic^t. Slipl'oint, 8W.fW.,amileH. S.-al Kook. Wtt-ad ci.ih iNlaii.l, W., 17iiiili-». "■m hV mil 4 '-' '1 •i ■'1 \ ^y\ i I'Acifm; c'OAsi I'lUd. 621 THE SOUTHERN SHORE Ol-" THE STRAIT OK JUAN DE KUCA. NKliAII IIAV. Koitliili I'tiiiit, the wi-sfciii iMHiinliiry ol tliis hay, is tlin-o ami seven (•i;;litliM miles iiiiitli sev(iii.\ i'nei|e;;ieeseast (N. 71 ' 11.) tn>m llie !,i;;lil lioiise (in TaliMisli Islaml. I'loiii Cape I'latlerv tlir>li"ie ismi.ily Nlraiy:lil, Willi nImhI. mel^y, .|a;,'j'eil iiiiiiits, Iii;;li ami I M.^^ed, liaeked liy IiiIIn mIioiii Kill' IlioiisamI live liiimlrcil or two tlmiisaiiil I'eel lii|j;li, ami eii\eieil wlili lii tiees lutlie elillk. |;nl> lie iiliiiin llie Hlmre IVdm (iiie ei;,'litli fooiie fmiMli of a mile iiiil, exee|il at Clisseet villa^;<', cini' mill- west lit Kiiitl.ili I'liiiit. Deep water is Imiiiil w itiiiii a llijiil nl' a mile of tlie elill's, ami at ,1 ili-i.iiii'e lit' hall' a mile a ilejitli iif tweiily ralliiiiiis is nlitaiiieil. I lie lia\ IS aliiiiil a mile ami a ijiiartei' deep In the smitli siiiitheasi, and llie same in width at Ilic iiilliliie. The western Hide is lii;,'li, pfeeipitnn.-, ai d Ipiudeicd liy eia;;;;.\ , olileiiippiii': riieks, (hire hiiiidied ni I'linr liiimlteil yards IViim the slinre. 'I'lie three rathuni line ran^^es almnl six hiiiniii'ii valds triim the I'liiit of Ihcelill'. Tin- ;;elieial diieel mn of this mle is suiitheasi lor one iiiilr. u hell the hills suddenly eeaso and a low shore, with sand lieaeli liaeked liy wooils, eiirves ^'niiliially to the northeast liy east Cor a mile and a ipiaitei to lla ad' dali I'oint, loniied liy a spur III llie lulls. I he eastern side of the buy is loinied liy \Va ad' dah Island, the mirtheiii I'nd of wliieli lii'M mil .iiiil a half miles nortli seventy lour debtees «'as| (N. 71 ' I'..) frmn Kuillaii I'oiiil. This islaml IS a naiiow, lii;;li rid;;e, alioiit t wo liumlied and lilly yaids wide, and half a mile Ion;:, covered Willi I lees, and lia\ in;; a diieetion soutlieasi a ad'dali I'oinI, .mil preseiiliii;; the appearan<'e of a eoiiliniialioii of that s|inr; Init separated from it liy a four- l;illiMiii eliannel live liiiiidred yards wide. Oil' the soniliwest pail nieks extend fortvM) linndred .iiiil lilly ,\aids, and the three fatlioin line is six hiimlreil \aii|s dislaiil. Aloii;; the sand lieaeli of tJM' main shore of the liay the tlireelathoni line is w iiliin tuo liiindred yards of the .shore, the depth iiirivasiii;: loseven fathoais, then deereasin;; to li\e, in the niiddle of the liay, and a;;aiii inereasin^ til It'll on tlie oilier line of tlii^ liay. Miieh kelp iilioiiiids in this hailiiir, even in d('e|i water, lillt it i> i.vpeeially thick around Koillah Point and thence aloii;; the VM-stern shore of the liay to the ili'i'|ii'sl part thereof. It also alioumis on llie soutliwesi face of \Va ad dah l.sland and around iitiolhe narrow channel lietween it and lla ad'dali. Half ile east of I'.a ad' dah I'oint there is aiiiilhi'i lai;!e patch of kelp. This kelp is allo;;etlier dilVcrent from that fnniid in the S.inia liar liaia channel. It is a Ion;;, thin, hollow, llexilile stem risin;; from f^ie.it depths, and expandin;; liijiiilly near the surface of the water to a lar;4f liollow Inilli, from which lloal leaves that are. live 111 M\ inches wide and ten teet Ion;;. The lower and thinnest pari is used hy the Indians for sul- IV these lines lireak lik" ;;iass, liiit .soakiii" them in .salt iiioii and haliliiit lines. When coiled aw a walci renews their elasticity and stren;;lli. Oiilsiile of the line joinin;; Koitlali I'oinI and \Va ad dah Islaml. Iliede]itli of water Inci'eii.scs i.i|iii|l\ li'iim ten and elcxen fatlionis to twciily fathoms in one third of a mile. The lies! ancliora;;e is ill the south pail of the liailmr, in aliuiit (i\eorsi\ fathoms of Wilier nil the small stream which comes in w here tlit^ sand Iteai^h meets tlu' hills on the west. There «.isfiiiiiierly an Imliaii villa;;eat the west side of the stream, liiit it is now farther to the east ward with slra;;;;liii;; Indian houses alon;; the lieacli to the Indian Itcserv alion on Ha ad' dah I'oint. 'I'licie is aiiniidaiice ot water at that stream. During soulheily weather little swell is fell here, imi I lie wind can do no harm; liiif when a lar^'e wt'steiiy swell is coinin;; up tlie strait, it reaches lull', and a vessel rolls iiucomfortalily unless she rides head to it. fhe low ;;rouiidal>reast of the ancliora;;e. and lull two or lliree hundred yards from the lieaeli, 1- llie head of the Wa ateh .Slou;;li. a small stream that inns throimh the low prairie lands licl.ind t :i|H' I'lalleiy, and empties into Milk kaw Hay .south of the cape, near the winter villaj;e of tliu Milk kaws, called Waalcli. Tins stream is Ireipicntly used liy them in winter, when they can not liike iheii canoes outside the cape. The last time we were in the harbor we anchored in the narrow iia.ssaye between Wa-ad dah i-laiid and Ha ad' dah Point in live fathoms of water; but it w:»s an nncomfortable berth and the ' iiiieiit was ipiite stron;;. The white liuihlin;;s of the Indian He.servation are a marked object in il'pioachiii;; the harbor from the eastward. Small ve.s.sels coming ffoiii theea.stward throu;;h this pissa^c with the current runniii;; into the bay have not much room to rouiiil to for aiicliorayc. ''- i J If f ■ 'li'^ r.v»> •AclKic <'MAsr I'li.ur. Tlu' |iiwmi({o imiiil.v four Imiiilrctl .vanls wiilf Im-Iwi'iii ihr iliri'c I'litl IS not miixl if llirii' is uiiv .swell mi. loih nii'vt'.s. Tlif I "•'■ '.imlii Till' |>riiiiaiv sLslioiioiiiiial hiatioii nl llit< Coa.sl Siiim's ill* jii.si liark III' till' li tour liuiiilicil .vaiiJM oiiMt of tlif Niiiali Mticam on tlic Miiitli\vt>Nlt-iii part of tin- li noriliwcsi cnil of \\ a ail ilali IsJaiiil it Ixars . south l>.v «»'.sl halt wi',st (S. Ii\ W, \ \\ aiiil tliii'c I i^liths iiiih'H. Its p'o^'raphical poNitiiui i.s : . .iiiiiiii >■ I '"III il„. • I. 'I lilt 111,,- iiiiiiiili' ■I- 'Jl' 'is .1 iinrll. I «iiinl<' t'.M ;iT I'j I l|. IN lillll' I-" ','- - Till' iiia;,'iii'tir variation wa> L'.'l (M» cast, .laiiuary I, i.SS.'i. with a .Nearly iui-rcasi' oi n i The iiiaxiniiiMi of tlie fa.stiiii variation lia.s prol»alil.\ Imiii icaclu'ii at this time il.s>> . m;i..\ii iia\— \v.\ ah haii i.-^ianh i;i nv. V M IV I ;:I; 'tfi 1 i M m On till' t'Jth Septeinlier, \SSS, n xntiiul ilnxs Wliixlliiio I'lmi/ was inooreil in twelil.N of wain, tliiee i'i;;litlis ot a mile noilliwesi liv iioilli liail iiorlli iNW. Iiv N. I N.i ti Olll l.lllllllh- I lllllll II,. Illllill west eiiil ot' Wa ail dah islanil. This liiiiiji li jiiiintifl rill irilli thr hllirs }s . |l, in iihili ; il i.s soiunleil li\ (lie ai'tion nl ;|ji ami when tin ru is a I'.iir .swell mi it will };i\e iwi-iily to llnrt.v lilasts per ininnte. Tlii.s lino\ .slioiilil lie led to the e.islwanl ill enlerillH: the llav. The tollowiii;; lieariii;;.s anil ilislance.s to prominent tdijects ;;ive the position of iln- i.;ii Ki.il l;4li I'.'iiil S\V l.\ \V. I] ;im1.s r:i|ii' t l.illi i.\ I, lillll liiiiis. i| .111". ..Il Island I W S\V iiiili"> r>nt the l.ii^ht'house can not lie seen fnnii the Imoy heeau.se a small inMlii;^ pi.im rail Chi lialr ilehl i!oi ',<, near Clis.seet Nilhi^'e, hiiles il. The lalesaxiii;: Station on the .south shore of the hay lies almost exaellN ti\e t'i;;lillis miles from the Iniov. mill Soon after we let! this st, It ion the I inliaiis ilii;^ up ami ilestroyeil all the marks lixeil I'. li'i'iHi I it, nmU'r the lielnt' tli.il e\ll spirits were Imiieil wiih them. Tiilis. — 'I'lie < 'ol reel I'll I'lslalilishmelil, or mean interval liet ween the tinie of I he mnnii'- li,iii>i! ami the lime 111 Im;;1i water, is \ I !.'■ L'.'i". 'I'he mean rise ami tall of titles is live ami ei;jlil leiillis feel: of splili;; titles, seven aitil olie leiilli feet ; ami of neap tides, four anil live leiitlis liii. Tin- mean ilnialion of the lluoil is (1 ' (tT"' ami of the ehli, (i'' IS'". The aveia;;e ililVeiein i l.ilwci n the I'oii'ei tell eslalili.slinieiits ol the a. 'i. ami p. m. tiilesof the r>aim' ihiy is 1'' IS'" for lii;;li \*,itii. ami 1 U_I tor low water. The ilitreieiiees w hen the moon's ileelin.it ion i.s j,'reatest are L" :'n :iii.| 1'' ."»ti , respeetively. The a\ era;,'i' «litlereiice, in liei;;ht of those two tiile.s is one ami simii 'iniii- feet for the lii};h waters, ami three ami one half teet for the low vvateiH. When tin imi.ii'- ileelination is j;rea(esl those tlilferenees aie two ami ei;;li: lentlis feet ami live feet, respc . IimIi, The avera;;e tlilVeli'liee ol' the lii;;lier lii;,'h anil lower low wi'.U'Ih if the same day is ei;;lil ami l\ii. tenths feet, ami when the moon's deeliliation is ^reale.s!, nine ,i' .1 oiiehalf feet. The lil;;lii i lii::li water in tlietweiilv loiirhoiiis oeeiirs alioiit 11'' 54" alte- tW moon's upper tiaiisit (-niiilnii- . when the m'Hiii's deeliliation is iioi'th, and alioiit .'!:,' Inton, when the deeliiialion is smiili. Ilir atei oeciiis alioiit 7' after the lii;,dii'r lii;;h water. The };reatest oliserv ed ilil. i.-inv ters of one d.'\ ^vassix feel, and the ;,'reatesl dilVerenee lietwieli lli. h .;li.i lower low w lielweeii two low wa hij^li and lower low waters of one day was twehe feet. To timl the times and liei;,'lils of each tide tliroU},'liont the u'ai, consult the tide l.il.ii ^ L^ the I'aeitie Coast, pnlili.shed annually Ity theCoast and (it'odetic Survey. In the rei|iiiii .1 mli - take out the ti s and liei;:litH at Astoria ami suhtraet ,se\enteen minutes from the ^;i\eii iiuhm.i tile lii;.'li waters to olitain the lime of hi;,'li wati-rin NeC'ali May in I'aeilie, standard (lunili iiiiiuii.iii time and take the luM-rhr unehau^'ed; for the low waters sulitr.ief tweiitylhree niinnle- li..ni iIm iven .lines o f low waters, and add four tenths of a fool to the };iv<'ii iieit;hts. I'.iit il ili are wanted in Neeali l!ay local time, sni. tract tliirtylivt; ami forty oim minutes from the .\M..ii.i times of hiyili and low waters respectively. This bay was known as Poverty Cove by the caily fur traders on the coast; iievi ;i I'm' Nnficz <;uona, by (^ninipcr, in 171KI. In 179'-', the Spaniards, then establishiiif,' thems.lMMii Nootka Sound, attempted to fouml u colony here, and as late as lftl7 bricks wero found m i Hi. PACIKK! CiiAHl VllAYW 588 ,\ "111 i.iiiiiiiii. 1 ilii\ ; III.'.. ,\w>. '^ ll"lll r.llliil Slllllll 1 ••.l ll M'M' ' 'I'lilli- lll'll till 'iH'I'M'- 1, r<>|i .llM'l>. «i-lil ; lul t"i. hi' III;: M 1 lii;l .sil (m III lini;: . is soul ll. Illr 1 \ I'll (lilli h'lMi' I I'll til 1,'jlll ! title t,lliii'> I"! • rc(|iiiri'il lull" ' ;^l\CII t."ii > "I I'JIMll nii'liill.ll: Ililll'S I'li'lli till' Uiit il ll.. ti.li- Olll till' \ '"ll' ; IICM :i I'm' r tlll'lll.'^ll^ I'-' :l' IblllKl II' 'I III'' ^iii.ill sii't-aiit lilMciwt of till' iniflioniKi'. W • Hrarclii-d for vi'sti^i's of tlii' wtHnini'iit in IH52, but loiiiiii iiolliin^'. ill I'*"'" 11 liricU Wiis iliit; up I'loni tlir iit'|itli ol two Irct, on tin- Kitr |ioiiit«>i| out |i\ till' hull. HIS. Viini'oiivci' iiolcil till- iiiili-iiliitioii oj tlic coa.sl hcrr in 17'.»'-'. ll was next callftl ••Sf,irl»oioii;;li llarlMii," It.v tin- ITiiiti'd Htiiti's Kxploriii;; K.\|i('«lltiiiii in IHII. Tin- Iiiiliaii iiainit i> ill, It iio» aiioptctl, ami tin- only one li.v wliicli il is known to na\ i;;aloi's on tliis I'oast. Siiillisiiiii III ('onliiliiilioiis to Kiiowitil;;!', JL'd, |i. lit.">, says that iJccait or Di-cali is tlii> iiuiiui ,,i till' Nccali lliiy innl villii(;i«. Ill i,s,")"_', wlicii we wiMT at Ni'(''ali Hay, tlio Miik kaws aroiiinl ('ape l-'lattciy coiilil iniistcr tliri'o liiiiiiliril to liMii imnilrcil warriors, iiiostiv ainicil witii miiski'ts ami knivi-s. Tliry liail si'vnal |,iii;i' sioi'Uadi'il villa;;i's ami liiimlrcils of caiiofs ; llic men were Itiiivc ami fearless ami \\en> iiiili' inimical to the Aiiierii^iiis eoniiii;,' Willie ma kit Aitiioii;;li we liati eiiteieil into a eoin|iaet with tlieiii tliservatioiiH for three iiionlhs, we hail within a very short lime to liiiiiil a liieastwoik III lull' iiiii I'aiiip for pi'oteetion. Till' iIkiii line instiriird from the Waaililah Islaml is ijiiite strai;thl to tiie small eove on the wrsi >iile of Kyilaka I'oiiit. The tivml of the shore is south eighty one ile^jiees east (S. .sr^ K.) iiiiil the i!i>laiH'e lo the eiive is ten miles. Ky tlaka I'oiiil slretehes out one mile to tht; iiortli of ihi' I'live. 'I'lie ;ieneral treinl of the shore from the island to IMlai' I'oint is south ei;;lily'iiiue ile- ;;ii'i'.v east (H, .S!t > K.) to the distance of Iweiitytwo miles. riie ;.'i'ueral characteristics of the nearly Ntrai;;ht line of shore east of lia ad' dali I'oiiit aro lii^li rliiVs, wiMiiled on top, and lirokcn dow n in places w hen- small short streams liavi^ cut tliroiiKh. 'fill ll' .lie no known ilan;;ers outside of the three I'allioiii line, and the ten lathoiu curve is nearly parallel \(ilh the shore at a distance of half a mile. iH-ptlis of thirty fathoms or more are foiinil at line mile from shore as far a.s Kydaka I'oint, where the deep water i.s elo.se under the |M)int. S.iil Ik'iiil.. — Two mill's east ., W'a ail-dah Island ami w illiiii the limits of the shore kelp, thero ai \ lock one hundred and lifly feet lii;,'h. There is a depth of ten fathoms of water cl< )SU iiiit>iili' iif it. Ileliind il there is a ile|U'essioii in th<- elilVsthat marks the opeiiiii); of a .small stream rallnl (lie ( )k ho Uivcr on the Adiniially charts, luit this is not the Indian name, and has pr'olia- li|> lii'cii conliiiiniled with the O' Koho or lioko, tliirtccn miles east ward of Nei'ali i!ay. The liiiliaii name for the stream is To kwa\ ose (Toeocsos on the charls). In IS-ll the I'nited >Slate.s l')\|iliiiiii;; r^.xpcdilion named the rock Sail Koek from its shape and white appearance. Kellett r.ill.s It Klah 1) loll, or Seals ( Klah os lah on the charts). The Indians sometimes call it Saelock, but I 111,' IS iiieicly Iheir alleiiipt to pronounce Sail Kock: hence it ism iiallv called Siai IJocl Sinllhsonian ('oiitiibiitions to Knowled;;e, L'l'ii, says, p. I.Sii: '>Tlie name of the rock lyin^oll' tile iiioalh of the Tokwaksosc (Toeoi'sos) Uivcr, two :uiles east of Neeah Hay, is Kaitlilaject." riit Tlira- mi's. — .Mioiil niidway lietween Wa ah ilah Island and Kydaka Point, three limh wooili'd hills about a mile apart overlook the shore. They are well made out afler entering ilii'stiait when liie norihwcst end of Waad dali Island bears east by south three iiuarlers south ili. lis S. ,' S.), distant three and one half miles; they then appear overlappin;.; each other, anil the lii;.'lii'i' part of W'a-ail ilah is nearly in line with thciii. They are shown on the chart but have no IlillllC. luiiliiliii /'(>//(f.— Tills is the lii'st point inside of Nct'ah I'.ay. It is I'leven miles south ei;;lity- ilinc ilc;;rccs east (S. .h;{j }•;.) troni the northwest end of Waad dah Islaiut and projects nearly a null' iioi'lli northwestward from Ihc I leiiil of I he shore l\ iii;f to the wist. There are sunken rocks rliiM- iiiidci the dill's, but a depth of tweiily lalhoins is found wiihiii twotliiids of a mile from ^limc. Tlicie IS a bi;,'lil on the westei'ii face but it is broad opi-ii to the swell coming up the strait. I'li'liiiiil llic point the tii'st mountain clo.si' to the shore coinuiences the series of high anil broken iiiiiiiiiiaiii^. thence eastward. <'I,.\1,I.AM HAY. live miles north eighty three degrees east (N. S.i I'",.) from Kyilaka I'oint and fifteen and litic riiiiilhs mill's south eighlyseven degrees east (S. S7 ' I'"..) from the northwest end of Wii- ;i'l ilah Island is Slip I'oint, the wi'stern i»roJection of a very high, rugged, straight ridge riiii- iniii,' I'ast si.\ and three I'ourllis miles to Pillar Point. This point rises sharply Irom the water's I'U'c to a moderate height. The seaward face is .scarred by three lines of e.\po.sed rock or soil Nliii\Miig yellow among the dark tir forest. These are its characteristic marks. When Slijt I'oint is Heen from northeast by east at a distance of nine or ten miles it shows as •I "" double headed point with a lower iicek to the eastward rising to a level line hence to Pillow lit II '1, ' n 'I I M m if^ i ■: ' i I m^ ■1 1 ^ 1! i 1' t 52 I'Aciiu; ctiAsr imi.oi'. Point, 'riicic is 11 sliort rt'cf (if rocks cxtt'iidiiij; wcstwardly a «|iiiiiti'r of a mile rmin iii,. i,,,;,,, iiliivasi of till' Ii\;,'»(lilli villa-jt'. (Mosi- on tln'ontcr ctljjc oftliis (lan;;iT tlicrc is a.lij.iii ,.i tM,,||n I'atlionison the insitlo, alurast oftlio Indian viliat,'(', tluTi- is n dfi)tli ofriulit I'.itlioni.s Tlu' wcslcin honndai'v ol'dic liav '.s Sckon * Point, wliirli licstwo niih's soiitli scmiip, di;;!,.,, wcsi (S. "'I W.) tVoni Slip I'oint. It is ('oin]>aialivi'l.v Ion and lias no daii;:(is mulri ii. Jim Itfliiiid it a notifcaldi' woodod hillock rises to a moderate liei^^lit. and Iteliiud tliis iIm IhmviK wooded liills rise rajtidlv to a eonsidi-rahle liei;rlit. In sailing; mi oi' down tlie strait tliese dill'erent points are seen in a series, jiisl eli n ci utlier, and it reipiires a liieal knowledge to determine those which lia\e no special maik I- iitail\ I'.iiii The width of the hay tict'.veen Sekoii and Slip Point i.s twoiiiiles; its I'orm eiicnlar. so that the depth of the hay to the southward is nearly one mile. There is :i Iiki.hI, |„u water lieadi, throiiL;h the middle of w liich emjities the ("la Main Piver, a small si ream will, ,, i.iii,, i Inoad la^oeii till III tor one mile liwards the east Itehind a low spit, .\cross the eni i.uin (■iili, hay the depths ra'i;;e to ten fathoms, and in the middle tln'ic is a depth of si\ fathoiu-; mic inii, outside the depth is toit\ fathoms. The Indian \illa;,'< .it the easleiii part of the hay near the turn ot the ('jallaiii \;\\i\ i named II\ ■icdilh on Pichlier's cliai I ; that on the west side of the hav is Kla kla w ii i; nil 111, (' Survey chart it is named llol, The poMlioii ot' till ha.\ is fniind hy its relation to the lii;:li, Ixih!, wooded rid^e in lili:ii^ |MI allel lo the si lore line with an almost \ ertii-al water face from Slip Pujnt lo the casi w;ii(l n lui, ends in Pillar Point. Thiseasil\ rec.'i;ni/ed rid^'c is ahont one thousand feel Iiil;I , m \ , n im;, loii<;, and f.illsawa\ rapiillN inshoie. hut with hiulier mountains thice or four iiii'('.> Ii.hI,. ;i ater aloii;; the face of tl lis i-ocl»v w very deep and the hotloni rocky and 'irc;:iil are rocks aloii;.' the shoreline, lint llicy a'c close iiiidei it; a ileptliof !•.;; fiinoms el a.iIit;- found at one ipiarler mile from the shore, and anchorage is not plea>aiit. In the face of this loiij; line of clilf, and two and two thirds miles Irom Slip Point, tln-ic is \h, opening; to a vein of iiL;nile w liich lia.> lu'cii workc.i hiit is not snitahle for sleaiii imai riui>iiiiii e coal is \ CI \ t'asilv hroUeii, and i-i ll|lllllc■^ l'\ It i- n as th.' I'nca Strait Coal Niii Th exposure to ;he weather. Ill IS.'iT wcsaw it f'iily tried a.s tnel upon a sit ainei . Imi ii ilul n. answer, alllioiij;h an aiial> sis of some of the '.est s|icciiiiclis is reported to lia\ e _\ icidrd >i\l\ ci;;! per cent, of cai lion. The mine has in en ahaialoned and the hiiildinus lia\e};oiie idd.rjN W ancliored otV this mine at a distance ot' a ca'ile's lcii;:tli and ioiind the depth thirls live lilliuiu with a swell upon the rocks in moderate wtatlier sutlicieiit toilestroy any hoat loadiii;; ll,.ii. Two miles hroad otV the face of this line ot clitl the ilcptli of the water is one liiiiiiln fathoms, o\er a hottom ot mud and hiack and ;;r. y sand, the iiiiid hein^ to the <'astwaiil. Tlii' Indian name of Clallani Pav is Kla kla wice. 1MI.I..\1! I'liINT. U. m 'I'll IS not a hie point, live linndrcd or si\ liniiil cd feet hi;;li, pioiccliii- into the siiaii. i- umiiI I U.I miles .-.011111 ei;:lil\ el^lit deforces east (S. .s.S I",.) tioni the iiolt Jiwest end of \\ a .nl d.ili l>l,iliil and twent> ei^'lil and one half miles sonlli .M'\eiil,\ ci^ilil ile-rces west (S. . ■^ W . > li^'iu l.'i Hook l.iuht !iiin..-e at Pint .\iiL:eles, I'loiu Pace Island i.i'dit Ininse it heais south lilly lonr dt;;iccs wcs ■.t (S. ."il \\ . '. ill- laii '.ii.ili twenty three and one half miles. The Iii;;h, round topped and wooded hill is sli: fioin the main iid;;e h.\ a depression; and hehiiid it and on the I'a-l side ot Pillai I'miil mi. i suiiill stream called Canel IJivei on the Admiralty cliait, hut the piop.i name is ili< l'\-.|i iJw and upon it is the Pyslil xillaKc; Kellelt calls this the Kel.sotli \lllat;e, Pillar Poi.it tied fitiiii the water to the summit, which is hi^liei tli.ni Sli|. I' from the strait, wli"ii Sli|t Point hears s"nthwcst one hall west nine inih s tli.st.inl, I'lll.n I'"!- shows tlarkly a;;ainst the hi;;h mountains of the ( H.\ mpns raii^^c. It i> then a liille lii-lii i lii the ritlj,re towaril.s Slip Point, which shows as a low .satldlc ' itli a nctk lo the ca-iwai When a vessel is tliiee or four miles east .southeast from Waatl tiali Islaml, Pill, i Pi'i onleiniost point \ isihli Ion;; tin south shore of the strait. \\ hen ihc Point IN .seen hearing southeast one half south ei^;lit or nine miles tlistam a huj^e, hlick, h.i- slack rock ahoill one hnntlretl leet lii;;li chi.se under the eastern slm 'I II.' I lii< |ili>|irl piiilllMii III III 111" llir niiiiii' .Si Kiiti in .Sikki' 11. il('|itll ol IWiMih IIILS ■i('\ I'll! '. il( ;;lii Mllllrl i!. .Ii;, llis l!h lnM>i'> sl cliMl el ,Mi ! iiiuiK I i- lUMI '\ SCi!, IS ;i liiip.iil, lii« nil w nil ,1 i.iilii! CllllMlM r III llii IImuii^; mil' III, 'l;lll;iiii I:. Ml ' III ; oil III! ('ii;i<: l^f 1 iiiiiini- |i,u ISl \\ lllll u lirh il;^l , M\ 111 i!ii'. iii'.i'.> ImiK. i III 'irc,::ul i; ; !li' IIOIIIS (■! V. ilii '(lint . tlii'l r 1^ liir III I I I M'jsiiiiij, ;lll(l ri Hiiililr^ li\ ■r. tilil n I'.iil iml iclilfil >;\I\ ci;;!!! ic Iti I.iIm1, , w .1 li-iii i:.i,/ ,. fil \\ , ili-i.iii; .|Ml.lllil iMi I'liiiii niiiMll"' i III,' i'\-.iii i:ni'i. ;ill Sll]" I'mIIiI. .III'I .sl.llll, I'lll.ll l'"ll" litilf Iii-Imi till" i>l \\ ;ilil. I'lJl, !■ I'l.lll! I'll"' I's (lislMiii i; -li"«^ .stcni slio I "I III'' Pillar Point, BE. J S., 8^ miles. OlyiupuB in clouds, :\ (r^^f A*. Striped Peak, l.aMt fe«t. E.iN.,«7 miles. PillftT Point, Slip Point, E. by 8. | S,, 4 miles. Clallam Bay and Village. - - .r"..« -.-i,^."^_». Pillar Point Ridge. Slip Point. Towards Capo Flattery. ne|v< M . Ill ll ♦ ■ ^"f "".'1 1 f ^ ;^i iM i»^a « I I 1 !' ■i i < ■'J i 1 ( " h li \ H '1 U \ M^H l« 1 'Affmj i; Hffl 'j - H 1 1 ■ i ' M >» ^ :>''^5*'' P"intAngelin.",H miles. . ^^ ' . ..- .►«?^^ «jjji>iltlr»- Z^*, .'■;.''•''>.»" ■«'j»M»>-' I liicr. r>t'liinil il iii'f tli(> onlljiii;; lii^'li hills of Hit' ()l,vin|ius lan^ On llii^ iioitli I'lllar I'ltinl llii'ic is (Ict'p waltT close iinilcr tlu; slioir; tlu; dt'iitli is lil'ty t'atlioins at. halt' a III. iciiij;Mt' llilci l.a.st (d I'illar I'oiiit tin- sllo^(^ is low and I ri-ndu south-southeast lor one mile, I'oiiniii}^ a low lii'liiiid whiili is Ihe ri\er l\\>lil. 'I'liis reeession I'oiins an oi)eii Itiiy wliielt has less than il\ .1 r.illiiiiiisol water tliion;;li il ; l>nl lioin three lathonis to twenty lathmns the disianee is MTy liiiil, riierc IS an extensive Hal of shoal water under tiie <'asl side of I'illar I'oint oeeii|i,\ in;; II ol' (he area of the l»a\ ; and \essels seeking an iin(;hora;;e hert? to await Hie ehan;;;e. of |j;;lit winds, or when nin-erlain of their position in smoky weather ami waitin;; I'or Ihu ihcre to elear np, mn.st keep Ihe lead Ki'iHr^^ eonstiintiy and ipiiekly Iteeaiise Ihe (tlian;;'e of ,[,\<\\\ Iriiiii ten fathoms to two fathoms is very sadden. Then; is no kt.-lp hi| line lit IIm' or si\ fatlioin- liereaiclwo lar;;e rocks nearly southeast from I'illar I'oiiit and a, S^( I i\ anchor well outside Ihe line liel ween the extremity of the point and (he easternmost Till' liver l',\slit under I'illar Point is inconsideralile in si;:e, and doe.s not. admit, llit; entriUico ,t ,1 lioal exi'cpt at lii;;h water. \ l.iiue loiifiiii;; camp is estalilished at I'yslit Kiver and the rafts ait; made up in thi; rivor, tthcliic llicy are lowed to Hie saw mills in rii;;et Sonnd. 'I'liis settlement is seen to tin; .south- d of I'lll.ir i'liint when Ihe latle ais aliiint southwest, distant six or seven miles. Ill si\lccn miles east of I'illar I'oini to Ton;,'iie I'oint, the western i>iut of Slri|ped Peak, the slinrc icccdes in a ioii;; curve two miles to tin; soiilhward, and is a line of modeiately low clay elill's liim with low shore lii'okeii I liroii,i;h liy many small streams. Tin; slion; is iiordeied (;loso alli'lli:i iniili'l llie clin'> y 1 neks, and the tliice-fatliom line of sonndiii;;s averaj.ce nearly half a niiU; out. Tlicir IS .1 iiarriiw tieid of kelp aloii;; the Iter pait of this shore-line reaeliiiiH- to nix and .seven I'atlioiiis nf water. ( tiil.siile of this kelp the ten fathom line avera;;e.s thi'ee-foiirth.s of a mile from sliiiic. <>iilhe line liclwecn the two points the ileptli of water is forty livi; fathoms abreast of Til" T'liiiUolt which adepthiif sixteen fathoiiis is found onu mile frum tiie elilf, and three fathuin.s Ml iiiMily half a mile. There is kelp oil' this point. I,„ir roiiit inid l.iin: ///(v c— This low point is eleven and one-half miles north ei}>lity-two ili-Kis e.isl (N. sj" i;,) fiom I'illar Point. There is no kelp olV this point and shoal water makes mil > »;ilrr is I'l distaii The three latliiim line is half a mile from tin; shon; and sixtei'ii fathoms of Hind at one mile. .\ small stream called the Lyre IJiver* hreaks lhroitf;Ii this low point. U *7<7i i:iii>y. — ThelMioy with horizontal Mack ami led stripes, which was formerly placed one .iimI oik liftli miles north Ity east three ipiarters east (N. hy K. ,' II.) from I^ow Point, has been re- 1111, Mil. (Oclolicr, ISSS.) /V(i»i I'l hir I'oint lo Cirscrnf llai/ an anehoraKe may be had near the <'oast in ten to six or >.\iii tiitlioms nf water in ^ood weather, and the Coast chart is siillicient to indicate the fjeneral iiiiulilinns, as there are no known dan;jers oiitlyin;;' the kelp where it exists. Tlier*; is very often an iiiiroiiifoi'tahle swell setting aloiiy; the shore from tin; westward. Mi'liiiid this sixteen mile stretch of .shore the wooded hills rise to the first broken laiif^e, and i.iitliri- ill liij;her wooded hills ontlie the Olympus rani;e of monntaiiis. Kellett places om; inoniit- .i:!i III liiiir thousand feet elevation six miles from Low- Point in a soiitli-.soiitheast tlirection. STRirKD I'KAK. i ;n d ii I'ldin Pillar Point the lu'xt i»rominent object is the hipli wooded liill called Striped Peak, .Wiuli IS one thousand two hundred and sixty live feet above the sea. The summit, a short dis Ml 1 1- back from the shore, bears north seventy seven dcj;rees east (N. 77^ Iv) seventeen and one- iiiiiiiii miles Ironi Pillar Point. Tlic outline of this peak is more re;rnlar than any other alon;; the .south shore of the strait, il'liraniiK liki; a low, flat cone. When Striped Peak bears east by south at a distance of live ■'!'•- il shows lip very dark in color and rej:iilar in form. To the northward and eastward is II the low .Xiiiicles Point, and over it hiulier and more distant land. To the south are seen the li-li snow covered peaks of the (tl\mpiis Mountains and a double peaked intermediate mountain "11 the briH;lit dill' of Crcsient I'.av. \Vc have seen it from the west at a distance of thirty ■ Thin Ih llio iiuiiiu on tin; I'.nnlisli Clinit of 1s.|7. Tim Indlim niiiiiu of tlic Htri'iiiii !.■( T.ta-liiili. I. ^ \ ;:« ' ) » i- '/' V :if 52n I'ACIKIC ('((AST I'll.Hl'. iiiilcs wlu'ii tlic iitiiiosiilicrc wiiH soiiicwii.ii li;i/.v licliiiiil il, aiiil llic) k stooil mit \ilv .\ liu.ii,,, (•one island. W'Ih'II seen to I lie rust one <|iiiii'lt'i' iiortli at a (lislaii-'c (•!' Iwciit.N .•.cscii irii|,.s n j, the (iiilci'inost |M)iiit til land and its scawaxl sltipc is a slrai^lil line, lint t'rom ijn^ |MMlt -'> iiliwai,! tin' sl(i|H' is ;iii| so piMrcct . ICast one tliird sontli, twenty si\ nnlcs, tlic scawanl i,,. „^|^ (■(intinncd a liill<> lii;:li(r In a taintcr, dciililc peaked inmintain lievoinl ; llie Slripnj i ii, ^^ ,, dark niider the shaddw ofeldinl. A vessel eoniinj; tint (if Victoria si'es Striped I'e.il, |ii • • east of Itaee l>land lii;:lit li(Mis(> hearing sontli li,v west Inmi ninelceii to lilieen mills, mih line is nearly as re;,'idar as I'roni other directions. This hioniitain is in the middle of a strai};lit line of rocky Idull shore, three miles inn. north ami west liy south. Iielweeii 'roiiy;iie I'oint at the west and Oltserx alor.\ Point .il II There is a line of kelp close under this shore, and the twenty fathom line of suiiinliii liiilfii mile from the shore. Heliind Striped IV'ak the mountains rise lapidly toward the Olympus riiii;,'e. Kcllcn lii, i,, eated several ot these. I'lie ne.irest (me has an elevalion of three thousand live liniiilrnl i,,! .imi lies south south) ast sexcii miles distant; another peak, sis thousand and Iv.eUe fen hi.li.i, sonlh liy e.ist distant eleven and one t'oiirth miles; a third mountain, of six thoiisaiid l\vi> I ,ii„||,,| and .si'veiilylive feet, liears .sontli thirty de;;rees east (H, ;!(> I'',.) ilistant lliirteen ami nn, lnH miles. I" III. IMIIII l-l I'V I l>l ■ !• Ilnl miles. Sniped Peak was so named from a well marked line of oxposed earth on the wniei ■^\i\rr\ tendin;; Inun close nnder the siiininif very nearly totli(> wat«^r. The mark is almost oliliii i;iii i| li\ the growth of \e;;etatioii overhanging; the side. CltKSri'.NT HAY. Tongm' Point lie.s one and onodialf miles west liy south from Striped Peak, and it fnnns ihr eastern side of a sli;;ht indentation of the shore line, extendin}; one mile to the westwaid. aIhu. another low point extends out one third of a mile to form ('resent l>ay. Ton;;iie Pnini li.:s sm era! visilile rocks stictchiii}; out one loiirtli or one-third of a mile to the westward. 'I'Ih' ui'stiin point, called .Mtawas by the Indians, hasa siiiikrn rock iialf a mile northward witli liflerii Imi ii water over it and upon which the swell lireaks at low water. There is a depth of ei},'lit I.ijIiumv close outside and six fathoms on 'I-e east and west. This is the only known hidden il.in.'ii iii the .south shore of the strait inside of Dunt/e l.'ock. A nd huoji has (leeii placed oiiI>hIi' ihh sunken rock in four fathoms of water. Inside the points of the bay there i.s a depllior si\ iniii nms, and twenty fathoms less than one half of a mile outsid(>. There is no ^ood ancliora;:e here, as the bottom is not p tod and the currents lulu .in ihr rock and the re.'f oil' T(m};ue I'oint are treacherous. From the buoy to the Kdi/ Hook Ia;;lit house the bearinj; is north seventy lour (I(;;i.cm;i>i (N. 7PK.) and the distance thirteen miles, just clearing i\:i;reles Point, and from llic I>iim\ i.i N.iW I>iint;ene.ss Iii;;lit house the beariii;,' m north si.xty four decrees east (N. tU K.) and ili. il^ tiiiic'O twenty four iiiul uuu half uiileH. FHESll WATEIl BAY. A[wat nw and two thirds miles east of Striped Peak 18 the moderately low wooded c\i of the land strefchin;,' from the peak and foriniii},' the western point of Fresh Water l!.i> is known asObservatory Point, and has several visible and sunken rocks ruiiiiiii},' iieailv mr of a mile to the c'lstward. The eastern point of the bay is the low delta named Angeles Point, nmlerthe wcstirn - which empties the Klwha Hiver by several mouths. Aufieles Point bears north sixty (le}.'rees east (N. (KP K.) throe miles from Observatuiv and fnwu the line.ioinin« these the .southern shore recedes a little over a mile with an in' outline. On the liiu* of the two points the depth of water is about tiftecn fathoms; iiiM.l. the de] It h decreases to hI.x fathoiiiH at about half a mile from the shore, which is cl.iin • towards the western part where there is a narrow line of kelp for one and one fourth m Ob,servatory Point. Oil the delta the dejith decrea.ses trom one fathom to ten fathoms in i and to the eastward of AuKeles Point a «reat bank liaviii}; from live to ten fathoms of w;il. i it Htretclies northward a jiiih^ and eastward fovvaids Fdiz Hook. Thu spit oir Point Angeles must be approached with great care in thick weather, Im riinlv Till. iliinl iiiii'. _;ill.il ol ;I \r<. Ill mil'; ii|iiiii ( .lllsl' '>"' ■' "». Il.ll, t'll Illlll'N il i^ mU ^' ;ii|i»ari| ;mi1 |„. „,|, ;ik \'' I.. III,. •s. aihl ,!s ,,i|| •>■ Inli, , ,,v| 1,\ :il I III' fllMl. Illllllll-^ l< lllil Kflli'ii li;i> 111 mIk.I I,.,.! ,111,1 I' ti'i-l lii-li, i> ll tWn Inimllv,! 1 ami i.iir half Wllll'l N|,|i. ,.\ <)lllili'l;it<'i| li\ ■»# m «! ;' i\ ll I'iMIM-- till' '.S|\( ;inl. A MI'IC IVtilll ll.> M'V . Till' UC^Il'lll tifliM'ii ll i-i I ' fii;lit l,i;liiiii> Idcii i1;iiii:('i iMi ■d illllMilr lllh [Ah ufsi\ l';illi S llft\M'l 11 llll' lir (li';;lrCN r,\s\ )in llic liiiii> III !•;.) aiitl III" ill- lodt'd cM^rniil) Iter l'..i\ Till- :i('llll\ HI. I '"I III western ~ 'll' ■ I i('i'\atiii\ rmti'- III ail iiii-uliii ins; iiisiili' (ll It is clean ' \i'''lil lolirlll in.lis'ii holiis ill I mil'; IS (if wall! ii|"'ii TatluT, lin.MlSl' Striii<:il IViik. t, I ytripod . i^triiiutl I'pak. l,t>r>0 tto-t, K. t N., It iiiiIuh. t'resceat Uay. KiVvi flook r.iglit-house (approx. 8W. by W., 6 m S::;!fe%iifc^-^-^ Utripod Peak, l,25U foul, £. ) S., 26 mile*. Olympic Mountuins. liMiuuM (approx. 8W. by W., 6 milfls). Weatbsr smoky. ii u^ : : W^l If wm IS- ^ :| I fc '■ ' I, :i ;si#''; i' •■* ■!■ ; I Is. ■ ■^i'^^ii : 1 ' i' «.«^ I ill W I.I I. A III, ill U-\ I'ACll'If; COAST I'lLOT. 527 then' -.wo, no trooa on tlio oxtroiiio i»(»iiit, aud tlioiofoni it, can not bo scon until ono is closo upon it; ,ilil,,,ii;;li it tlio lead is iist-tl vij^ilaiitly it will g'wa fair warning of its proximity. I icsh Water I!ay is an open roatlstoad, l)ut aii(;lioia},'c may be had in modcrato weather. Kut It iili'iils no shcltor tVom the westerly swell exci4»t close under the lee of the rocks olf ()l»serva- loi'. I'diirt, where a vessel may hiid comparativ«'ly snio' tli imchorafje witli f^ooil holdinjj ^'oniid ,\n<, ii|i lo the kelp. In the Oiwtorn part of tho bay the bottom is smooth rock, on which the ■iiM Imr will nut hold. {'Ill i'.hvha Kiver is reporteil to be ono of tho most convenient places for obtaining fresh ■,\ iiii: il is a very rapid moniitain stream and brings down a large amount of material in sua- |ii ■11.111. The western tributary of the I'llwlia rises in Lake Sutherland. rill' M.iiiie (if tlu^ liay is that given on ihe Admiralty and oiu'lialf miles and then runs ntarly east northeast fer three miles, when il ili.iiK oil suddenly into lifly fathoms. ()utsid<» thes(i lini:t>' lo tlii^ wi'st and northwest tho nvi'!ii\ lalhom lino reaches twothirds of a mile. Inside of \\u\ ten-fathom Vuni the deiith is mo*I- iiiii !\ ii'gnlar in to the three falliom line, which is one half of a mile from the shore. IJiit uiuler till' eastern poinl, and theiuH^ insi.ore to tin* western part of the Ediz Hook, the deep pocket of liiiix riilliiiiiis cuts under to Ihe weslwiinl. There is frecpiently a very heavy swell on this baidf, ;iii.l tilt re is ii< |irotectioii from it. Thii bottom is gravel and broken .shelia ami fine gray sand iiisiiiiii'. In tli(^ iiocket thu bottom is line sand and mud. i it ,1 POUT ANOKLES. J'lleven miles north seventy-one degrees east (N. 71 ^ K.) r.om Striped Pe.ak and six and one- iiiill miles north seventy-three degrees east (N. T.'P Vj.) from Angeles Point, is the Light-houso ii|M.ii the eastern ex'iemity of tli(! I'M!/* Hook. rins Hook is a l"iig, low, very narrow sand spit streiehing out from the ehiy bliilf three miles iiiii!li iilty six degrees east (N. .')<>"' I'^.), with a regular sweeping curve .swelling a little to the iiiiiil; .(.u. Tho extremity lies one ,111(1 one half mih'solf tho main shore, and thus an excellent mill I'xU'iisjM' harbor is formed, protected from tln^ north round by tho west and .south, but oiUMi to till' eastward, with deep water of twenty-live to Ihu'y fathoms over a sandy bottom close umler till iiisiiie of the sand spit almost to Iho head of the bay. Through the (lenter of tho bay wo liMiiiu a line of lifteen fathoms over sticky bottom, and between that and the main shore it shoals viiy icgnlaily, willi tln^ same, kind of bottom. The Ihreefathom line, lies as nuw.h as a(iinu'terof 11 mile from tln^. south shor(% and there is a lu'oad, low-water Ix'ach ; but in places tho clay blulf, wliiili is iiliimt seventy live feet high, comes almost directly to the high water lino except in a few localities. The binlf and Ihe Hat country back of it are densely wooded. I ic-li water is found at several places on the south shore, but the oxtousivo Hats render it iliitiriilt III obtain. I inter tho south shoi-e is the sih^ of the town of Port Angeles, .st-;tching for a milo ami a 'i.ili eiist anil west, but at present priiiei|ially represented by a small ^i (tlement abreast Taylor's 'i; Noiiiian'-''.) < 'reek. Irom which «'xlends a wlniif seven hundred fee, into tho bay, with a T one liiii.ilred feet long. Tliere is a, (h'ptli of .>.ixleen and one half f(!et of water at the end of the wharf, «li!rli lies one and two thirds miles s- nth twenty nine degrees west (S. L'iP \V.)froiu the Ediz n(mk l.ulit-liouse. On the ouisiih! of the spit very deep water is fouml clo.se to it, aiul tho Hook may I"' 'oiindeil within a cable's length in twenty live (athoms. Half way from tho Light-houso to .\M-i-les Tdint i.s ih(^ eastern cdg(^ of tln^ Khvha llank, with ten fathoms of water; it has been iilleiiily desciibed. Ill loggv and smoky wealher, with no witnl and the currents unknown, a vessel on this sidt of I lie .-.I rill must be vigilant and keep llui leal going. Vessels (!oming up the strait and bound for Departure Bay sometimes go into Port Angoles ml ielegraph to Port Town.soml for a tug. JJ'S 1 * So iiitmoU oil the Ailiiiiriilt} than. l.slT ; K-eiliz on lliul of Icf.VJ. i! i^'i IHI^ ''■'^ 'Jf. ! U 528 I'ACIKIC COAST I'lI.OT. TIm' Hook is fovcriMl with coarse -^lass, ami in many places with dril'twood, slniwniLr lint ||||. 8oa sometimes washes over it. Altlion},'h it lies well out of the liiii'of vessels ImiuihI , .Ii, ; m ,,, ont of the strait, it has heen deemed necessary to inaik it with a Iii;;iit-honse. in llii(K,iin/i weather it would jn'ohalily be dislinj,Miished if clumiis of trees were planted iip>>ii u, ;is „,. recinntnended in \!>'>'2 for the low ton};no of New l)nn;;eness. Troni the middle of ilir .-.imh il,,. Hook «'an not lie seen, and its positior. is ascertained by the I,i;,'litlionse building's or lin pnulini ities ol the blnlf beyond. At the head of the i»ay, and eonneeled tlierewilh by a small outlet, there is a laii;r s:ili v-nii la^roon. The bi ai-li at the head of (he bay alVonls a capital beach for lieaviu;^ down a m - . 1 In IS,"ii! we occupied an aslronomi<'al station at tlu^ head of the bay; il was i wn .iu,i lu eijihihs miles southwest by south from laii/ llook Li},'lit. ■niK I.KIIIT HOl SB (IN I'.IIIZ IKKiK, ViHlV ANCKI.KS. The l.ii;lit'houso is within li fly live yards of the eastern exiremilyof the IlooN loi nmi'^ tlii northern side of the bay of I'.irt Ani^eles and sixty-seven yards from the inner Inn h. n,,. siruelure consists of the keeper's dwelling of one and a half stories, painted while, riniii Miiiiii rises, just above the loof at the outer end, the short siiiim ; to sunrise. In ordinary slates of the atmos|iliere it should be seen tVom a hei^^ht oi — 111 firt ^it II ilisl.imr lit" 11.11 mill's. '20 ft i-t at ailislHMcc of IJ.'i iiiilrs. no frri at a (li.staiicT nf !;!.< iiiilis. Its ;;eo;;raphical jiosilion, as determined by the T. S. ("oast ami (Jeodetie Survey, is: l.;iliiii(l.> I- II- •,M' iiorlh. I.iiln;itll(li' I',';! 'il IC wrst. «• >"'■•''' W' H'! iiiil'"<. i:«|iiiliiall l,i;;lil licmsc N- ^'l W. 17* liiil<'~. Vi.tiiiiii I.iBlil-liciM.w N.'JI \V. K mill-. r.irt |ii'.uHf N- •■i i'- '-. ""''^ 7';,/,.v._Tlies.' wen- observed in ISSI diiriii},' the projrress of the hydro-rapl.s . and wluli' il".^ follow the-eiierallaw tor the Pa<'ifi(M'oaKt they prove.! tobe very irregular ami p.iplcMii^'. I' iilim lia|ipeiied that there was no perceptible movement of the tide for live or six hours and I'l i li" inches Ihr.muhout the day. The mean ri.se and fall of the tides is four and seven teiitlis I .1. TheCorrected i;stablishm.'nt or mean interval belween thetime.of the Moon's transit .iiiiilln time of high water is XIV" Hi , but they may occur 'S' .iO ' earlier or later. f'r ■Iiowjiiir 111, It til,, •1111(1 fiiiifi III III- III IliK'k, li;iz> U|M.ii It, uv we iif llic >tiai| till' < (11 till- jlCCIlll.ll' lai'41' s;ill \v;iti| AMI ;i, \l'--.rl. i:l.s lu.i .iiiil 1^,. Iii('l. Kiuii from .-;iiiisi'i il 1,1 Jii 1 Ml till' 1 I'l Kill 111 \v;i,>< ('stiilili^licil rt\ feci liiL.!i.iiiil mil rmlii >.iiil^ mil liiiiMii: iliii'k i(iiiit.'<; iiiili'i iiiili'- iiiil.- mill"- null'-. Mnii'-^. inili"^ imli--^. iiiili'i ll:ll.'V . ,111(1 n lull' llic) |ii('\iii;:. hiiliiii IS mill l"ii .1 ii'« tcnilis I ct. s triinsi; ."iil tin' I'ACII'U; COAST I'lLOT. r)2d Till' tiiiH- and lu'i},'lit of llic tide at I'drt An},'t'h'.s arc },'ivon for every «lay in tin- .vear in tho '•lull' TabU's lor the Pacilli^ Coast of tlio United Slates," pnbli.slied annually by the U. S. Coast nil, I (.cipdt'liir Survey. Tin' bay was lirst discovered by (ialiano and Valdez, and by tlieiii made known toVaneouver 111 K'.ij, who naiiied it the I'lierto df los An;ielos on liis eliart. We tiist lieard of the name l'"al.so lUiii'^iiiess in l.S,")!,', when at Cape Flattery, IVojn traders who did not know the jiiojier name of till' IkuIioi'. 'I'lie United Slates enstomdionse for tliis district was removed from INnt Town.sentl III |s(lL' and located on the sonth side of this harbor in the mcnith of the sharp K'uHy, nearly two mills smith soutlnvfsl from the point of Kdi/ Hook. On the Kith of December, bsd.i, tlm villaj^e Mini I iistoiii house were (V ihc iiorlheaHtein exlreiiiily of the spil a h Ma\(l reef extends over tlirce-fonrths of a mil' riniii the light lo the iiorthnortheast , dropping oil' suddenly from live and ten I'athoni lo il;\ l;illioMis of water w ith heavy rips at thechangc of the tides and ciiireiils, as the three-fathom iii\c cvlciids out three filths of a mile from the light. This danger is marked by a buo\ , as i KMll er (lescri bed. ■flic depth of the bay to the westward is much interior to thai at Port Aiigele.s, beean.se on iiisidc of the main spit at one and one eighth miles from the extremity a second spit make,- ilii' lllCl|l\ S( lllh l'( lie toiirth miles and reaches lo wi ilhii I oiie'(|Uarlei' of a mill' o t th ' '111 Ml MiilV. This .second spit divides tlie bay into the outer or eastern harbor proper and the iiiK I shoal water bay or esteio, which is two and one third miles long northnortheast and south- ^iiiuiiwest by se\ eneighllis of a mile wide. It i.s occupied by marsh and extensive tlats. liiii'ii;;h ili(> narrow channel connecting the two the water pa.sses as over a rapid at low tide. .\tiic;is| of thi,s point is a narrow passage, which is the opening of the Diingeness Piver, iiiiilii ,1 hliilf sixty fiiii,i; ii,,ii|, ward, anil eontinne as t'ai' to tlie east MUitiieast as \Vas!iiii;,'ton Harbor. Tlie area (iC lli.' i,iu,.r Iiarlior is restrii'ted by tlie ilats one tliiiil of a mile in width lyinj;' under the east siili- iifiii,. secondary spit, and by the extensive nind Ilats on the sonlherii shore, where the tliieef^iMii.n, iji,,. is one hair of a mile froiu the low shoie. I'leyond these Ilats Mie deiitli of the water thron;;htait the harbor lan^jes to ten faih s wuli soft, tenacious, muddy bottom. Tlie dce|H'sl water is nnder the extieniitv (tf the sjiii, ,\ 1,, i, ,| de]ith of twenty fatlioms is fonml one tliiid ot' a mile liom tie' la.i;lil house; but the lic.--i ,;i , age is close under tin' spit in ten fathoms of walei one third '-la mile from the beach to i :, i , ; , west, with the Lij^ht house beariii,^' noith liy < ast one h iif ea,>-l, distant one half of ,i il', \ steamer may anchor closer in to the iioriliwest of this location, with the Lifiht-liou. 1.i;ii;i|m northwest by north, distant llii'ce I'oniths of a mile; i'iichoia.i.'e is had in t. ii fatliom^ ■ ' 1 1 v,i . sticl%y bottom: the nearest shore to the sonthwar. in I lie las', ]iosii ion mentioncil lor anciini.i;, ;i\essclcan icadily j;et uiidir wa\ w hen i he southeast wimi comes up, and clear th. |"iiiii ,:.,; the danger olV it. This piiint is so low that vessels bornd in or out of tlie liarbor, before the erect nii nj : l,ij;ht house. Were upon it bcloiethcx weie aw arc' ot theii- daiij^i'r. Sevenilhad run ashmc niMbi outside beach; and in 1S.")."», while we wcie anchored close nnder tiie point, with the weallicr tlnd and lia/y. a \essel fiom Admiralty Inlet liail In en set out of her cours*^ by tlieenrreiits, .md niii, drivin;,' in with stnddiu},^ sails set. and only saw her niisl:iKe and dan;,'er when the blai ^ hnj'n! our \cs.-.cl attiactcd her attention. In 1 >eccmlicr, 1 ST 1, the spit w as cut thioiiuli by the sea dm ing' a heavy north west ualr. \u:w\\ made a breach lift> yards in width. ■nil', i.iiiiir iimsr a r nkw DiNiiKNr.ss. The Hfrue.ure is about one sixth of a miii' from the eastern end of tin* jioiiit,* iiiid l■|'ll^ a keeper's dwelling,' of stone of a ;;i:i,\ish .\ellow color, with a tower of brick I'ijjhty iiiin i«'i i i.ii ami lisiuf; about sixty ^l\^^ feel therefrom. It i.s the trustum of a »oue, ot' which the iip," t i .:i ^ painletl black and the lower half wliitc. Ilut when si en I'rom the northward at souk l m ■ : dark "rav dwelliiiL' makes tin' I (iw cr ai pear to lia\ e a lowi i < aik band. The tow cr .s sui '• ' MI.; by an iron lantem, jiainted le.l ; the hci;;lil of the focal | lane is one hundred feet al of the se;i. The li;:lit was Hist cxliibiltd Oiicmbcr 11, Is.' iinl shows c\ci v n i;;lit, fiom siiii rise, a Ji.Kil iiliili lliilil oi the third cider ol I'lisiicI, iniiniiiial iii.i; tiie entire hoi i/oii. be seen Inun a lu'i;;hl of — l; -I'A'iM III lilt at II ili.sl;. I.f l.'.l •Jll iVit al a ■li.staiii 1' nt' li'.li nules. :t|l fcrt III .1 ilislalMi' iif IT." Illilrs. Its j;eo;.'iapIiical position, as tletcrmiucd by the ('oast and (Icodctie Survey, is l.atiliiili'... I.i>ii;(IImiIi' . Or, ill liiiii' 1- m Til. VS.'. eii :il wi-i The ma;,'netic vaiiation tbr .laiiiiaiy. lS.S."i, was L'L' Id' east : there was no Nearly v the maxiiiinm vaiiatimi had been leachcd. II'. l! * (Ml llii- 'Jll of l>ii-. iiili.r, 1-71, tlino w aw a \iiili i.l ^;all• nf wiinl rrem I In' imrlliwi si, II iMnn ll III!' I.i^lit Im ■|.l al liiH water anil willian tlisra. riiin riil w a!< liiiipoia IV. '11 ll- IiiiimIii'iI IVrt into lln' hpit iidiilirasl iif tin- l.ii^lil Ihiiim' ami miImi >il Ilic ilislaiio .1' the l.inlit-Iiciii'- l^y tliat .•oiiniiiit. At tiiiii s ilni in;; tint ;;,ili' i IhimIm ipf sind ao'tc and i iiiii|drtid,\ < iiM'1(i| l, It'll lalllHilK «;|i| f till' spit, wWw a lilt llic lii'sl iiiiiliiir licacli til IIm' Imiil] ' liair til' a iii;li. A I.if,'lit-li(iii>i' lirarni: t'atlniiii> ii\('i' Mil', li's, aiitl till iii'avi'.' )(ir, lull iIh' I'liiieiii (' aiiclidi ^ mil i>i III. iilicd liT aili'lliH';!;. dear ll:. i»iiiii ,.;.,; 1' till' (M'i'c(ii)ii 111 ;!'. 1(1 run ahliiiii' mi tl:' til llic \M'alln-i !li!i\ I' (•iii'ri'iil<. ami r,Miii I'll tilt' lilarK liiillu! ortlnvc'sl uair, «liiri. lint,' mill fiiii>M>oi' i;;tily iiiiM- til I l.i;li it'll till' ii|'|i' I li.ill i< ll at .SDliii' |iiilr> ;iii' loWfl' 1> MIlMiiillllril feci aliiiM' Iliili'^'l , iVoiii sini>i I t" -!:■ ' litill/.nli. ll •'-li"'i''i ■y, IS : Ti.'i ' iiiiilli :il \M-i ) ^(.a^l\ v ai mIH'M-i- nil;; wliii ll ' ' ,il rimii III' ' 111- sra mImi I 111 ">''!■"'' ;iil lii.ii-. ;r""' l!" "•i''^ 1„. |. ,, el' llirt"«''l- PACII'lf! COAST I>II,<)T. 581 Troiii tlio Liglitliousc we, have the following bearinj^s and distaiiccs to important points: r.iliz IIiHik laKlil-liDiittt' S. r):!'\V. l-J niiluH. CrcHii'iit r.iiy liril Hiiiiy, oil' 111'.' Kti'jk S. til W. •JI|iiiI!oh. rillai I'tiiiit S. (IS W. 10 luilijs. N. \V. I'tiint of Wiiiiililiih IhIiuhI S. 7T \V. (It milim. ICair Islaiiil l.iKlil-lioiiHi' S. "7 W. I"! iiiilt'H. Ksi|iiiiiiii!t l,ij;lil-li(i'i*'i' \. CiT \V. 'J(l iiilluH. VirloilH l.inlil-lioiint' N. (I:! W. 1-iiiiili'M. DiMovcn Islaiitl l.iv;iit-lious(' N. tl! W. l.'>f niiliH. Siiiilli'H Island l.iKlil-lioiisii N. ','7 K. l;U mill's. Hi'il lliioy oil I'oiiit rai'lt'i(l;;i> N. Til K. l!) iiiiliH. Ailniiially llcail i^i;;. t-Iioiim' N. 7(1 ' K. 17^ mill's. I'liiiit Wilson I, i;;lit-liimsi' N. 71 K. ll|mili'.s. lUai-k liiioy on rartriilj;o liaiiU N. 41 K. I'J iiiik's. Diiiiiii; tlic sni'vcy.s of this part of tin- .strait tlif Li};litIious»' at New IJungoncss frtM|nently I'xliiliiii'il tile cxliatinlinary I'fl'oct.s of iiiinsual ri'fiaclioii tliiiiiiK the pciiotls of i-alin and warm wrailiii uliifli pifNail in tlu'.snninu'r ant! pait of tlu' fall. At tiiiu's tin- Liylit liouso tower wonltl III I iiM ll lip live tinie.s it.s n.snal lieij^nt and then suddenly eiiange to a low blaek liuu uloso to tbo ;;|'01ll|l' STKAM FOdSlONAL AT NKW nilNGENKSS. Aliimt one liuiidretl and titty yartl.s totlie northea.stward of the Lifihthou.se, and very near the i\iiriiii- iioilliea.stern point i.s the .small buililiii}; eontaiiiin;; the .steam foj;\\lii.stIe. 'I'lie .soiindiiifj a|i|i.ii iiiis is a twi'lvi'iiu'h stram irhisllf, wliieli is s ucatlier, villi the followinj; ('lia.acteristics: hlaxt xu' xixvndu, iiiterrdl ticclre Hccondu, blu>sf iln-ii s)i(iiiils. iiilrriid fhirtynini' .scvoniin. Till' suivcyiiiij brig Fiiiinthniji report.s that when at anchor in !'ort Townscnd the fog- wIiimIi' of New DiiUgene.s.s ha.s freijiiently been heard. This fog-sional was establishctl Febiuary 1. i>;i. rill' bearings ami di.stanee.s to important points may be taken as the same as tho.se for the I. i.L;lil litiil.se. I'lMiiicily the fog-signal was given by tlie striking of a great bell. BUOY OFF THE POINT OF NKW DtNGENESS. .\ Jiist-rldss nunhuoy ptiiiitril rvil mul niimhen-il '2 has been (ilaced in twenty-seven feet of walci ill haitl. sandy bottom to mark the cntl of the long gravel reef which extends fully three- I'tiiiillis Hi' a mile froiii the liighl house toward the northnnrtheast. fill' ict't tiiilside of it di'ops olV rapidly, but to the vvestnorlhwest and e.ist-southcast it diops oil Miy siidtbnly 1o twenty ami thirteen fathoms of water. Half-way between this buoy and the l.i;;lii litiiisi- the reef has a spot with only .sixteen feet of water upon it. Till' buoy must be left to starboard by vessels entering the New JJuiigeness roadi^tead or lioiiiiil up the strait. I 'mm this buoy the — l,ij;!itlioiisi' on tli(> Point lit'ars S. 1>y W. } W. t iiiilo. rniiit Wilson Liu'it-lioiiso N. 7ii ' K. II miles, Kili/, Hook l.inlit-lioiiso S. ."ll W. l-.'l link's. Ill I lit' earlier placing of the buoy it has slipped oil' the edge of the reef into deep water; its I'l'^i! is carefully watched ami changed when any change is found in the reef, which is suppo.sed III ill NiaUing out. /"''■I'.— The a|)pi(i\imate Corrected Kstablislimciit, or mean interval between the Moon's liiiiisit anil the time of high water, is .W'. 07'". and the mean ri.se and fall of the tide four and luii ifiilhs tecl. Tuoliiain the I'aeilic standard time and height of any tide in the .veiir take the time and liiii;lii for the rctpiiretl date at i'oii Towiiscnd from the Coast Survey Title Table of the I'aeilic ' o.i^t and subtract oiu' hour and ten niinntes fio' the tabular time of high water ami subtract one anil live Iciiihs feet from the ht'iglil ; for 111" tin f low water subtract one hour and six minutes bum the tabuhir time of low water ami for ;':■.' height subtract buir-tcnths ol a loot. To obtain m >: I i 1 fu\2 I'ACII'IC roAM ril.OT. ^m ' = r ■ it ' Jfc I: ■ ■;( 'I J. ill M i tlu'liH'iil times oMiifili uiid low wntv-r, siihtriict I'roiii tlic I'orl TowuhoikI tiinos one Ikhu jn,,; twi'iil.v two iiiiimti-s ami out' lioiir iiiid ('iy;litt'fii rniiiiitoH ri'spi'ctivt'Iy. This liarlmr was discovon-il b.v Qiiiiniicr in IT'.tO aiitt iiaincd «•! I'liicfo dc (,>inin|Mi. || lilacftl i( in lalitmlc IS ^ \\'. Tin' lonj;- pniU'clin;,' sanil spit was calli'd I'ojnt Saiit.i ('in.', mni, wliicli In- anclmnd. llr sa.vs tln'.v fiiiind a slicltfivd harltur nndiT llif point, lint it liad \.'n Ijn!. water in il,antl .dtli' water in tlie entranee to it, so that it was snitalde for small \rsMls c,|,v lie took possession of the eonntiy .Inl.v I, 17!ll>. Il was tirst examined and niadi> kiioui, li\ \\, I'ouver. The present name was j^iven to it l>v liim in IT'.t'J. There are numerous settlers alioni ihi'ltayand in tlHM'onntiy behiml it, where tliciv .n,. |,, openings of prairie; and the \ illajje ol" New I»nny[eness lies liehind IheblulVat Ilif xmiliwr,;, : end of the inne!' harlior, an esti-ro. Into this harltoi- the small eralt trailing alon^j; llie .-iim ,i sound enter and eariy away piodnec nun the settlement. I'^astward of New l>un;;eness to j! ' entranee of Admiralty lidet, fourteen iiiihs, linn is deeji reces>ion of the ^;eneial shore liiu' for li\e miles to the southeastward, with ii|iciiiiii;> n N^asliin.u'Ion Harbor ami Port IHseovrry. In this reeession there is a larfje island ni) iIh' nmii: of I'oil IMseoMTV. t >n the linelietween Point of New Dnnticness and Point \\'il>oii (luiiisi; noitliern limit of the Dallas liaidi, wliiili strelehes north northeast from Protection l>l,iii\, va^I ImIiim. (81'^ l>\ I'., S M.j \N ith a sli;;hlly iirojeetin;; an^h; midway, called Kulo Ivala Point, 'flic .-.hni,: . low and tl. It, covered with trees, ancil In , low sani) spil siiricliiii;^ across from the 4'asi almost to the western side, where a ii.iiniw rli.iiini way ot perhaps two liuiidied sards lucadlh exists, haviiij,' a depth of two falhoiii> lliiiiii;;li , This spit is ciivered sparsel> l)\ si retches of <'oaise jrrass and can not lie seen from New |)iiii_r iie.ss Point on accuiiiit of the onl ward enr\ in;; of the intermediate shore, lint the hliilf i> mim . the iiorlheasl pail ol ihe h.iilior, whence the sand spit starts. Alueast the w('>l end nl iIu'mi , sjiil Ihe opposite shore is formed liy the poiiil of a bliiH', to the nort liwcstw aid ol'wiiicli i> ,i J. >andy point, liom which slrelehe.s out a sinial which masks the (■hannel in approaclni!.; iImi trance. The points of Itliilf at the month of ihe liailior are a mile apart ; the ;;eneral ri>il witli tiie Oreiiitii oitie. At Ihe hcail nl tin' li.i:'i. iii ln« >pit icross the iiariciw eiiirance ,iiid overlaps it. In the approaches oiilside of this sin. lil -li" depth of tell f.ilhiillis i twcnlv talhoms over if water is found alioiil three t'oin I lis of a iiiile Iroin either slioie, imiiaMi;;; ! St I If bolti im al one mile. Inside the elil laiice a loll^' slmil iii.ii,r> out to the soiilhcast fiitiii the cud of Ihe spil, thus conliniii;; the channel niiiler Ihe wc-l' in (For National •i>iiaianline i;e;,'nlalions ancciiuy; this port, .see notice nil del' ISaii l'i.iii(i-i' JIT.) Tills liarlmr was not .seen bv \"aneouvei mil was not mentioned to him by the Sp will' il i'r\M jratois (laliaiioand Vahlez, althon;,'h they ^Mve him the position tif Ptirt An^'eles not .seen. Ilwas liist .sounded by the I'niled Slates Fxplorinj;' Hxped'tion in l.sll.an bildd Inlet, but a.s the head of Pii^'et kSound lias the same name wi have adopted Kelhll s a].] liition of WashiuKtoii Harbor. The Indian name ol liie harbor is S"tpiim, b,\ wlmli ii «:i--i;'ii erally known to the seillcis after l.s.'tO. The old edition of Ihe chart calls the loii;; spit l\ q"' I'uinl. On the last edition the west iioini is named >S'iiuini. los one Ikiiu aiiii Ulln|i(.|. 1|„ Santa Ciii,', nuil,., t il liail \-r\ lull, mall vc>>i'|s iiii|\. Ic kllOU 1; ll\ \' , I'l'l" tllflV ,il,. 1 , I lllC SdlllllWl -1, l; 111;;- llic >li:iil ,|||,| II miles, Ihrri' is ;i kitli oiiciiiii^'s iiiiii and iilV till' iiiiiiiiii A'ilMHi I lii'it' is th, tiiiii isl.iiiil. iiHMliatc ^Innvliii, cast iim li.ijl Cihi lint. 'I'll!' .sjiiiic i> 11;; Ileal \\ niic iiiHi' I'el plateau lieavil) nearly eln^eil In ,i a iiariiiiV eh, nun i- 'aili(iiii> llii MTII ,ll ■si 011(1 uf the sillhi (l ol'wlileli IS ,1 in? ppi'iiacliin'.: the cii JClleial (I leelii ii.ri is iiaiiieil I' -,. over a irii^hh I"! I of the ' :.i!:i' , - • les. Till slHHVMll head 111 I lie hailior lllimliril leel «;li.ll: iHC uiiilei ilie riii:!!i im till' \^.■^telll lii« f tliisMi;..'! ..hu.,!i NJloie, He ■ - . a lull;,' >h'Ml iii.u.« !■ (lie \ve,-!e|li simli'. I- (Sail 1 MlielMM, I*. y tlieSi'i . "cii'S, wiiieh iH'iiil't in IStl. ;ili.lc:llM itcil Kelli;i>;i|'H ^ whieh II ";i.- S* he. Ion;; >\"^ K^'iK :| i5jSdS2irj^'^S3*fi*s I'otDl %V,l«ou Ligbt-boQoe, E. by 5 . l! iLirt*. Hrotoin It'll iHlaiid, 8E. by E. ) K.l.liniili' a ■»;>£.—■-.■." 1*, -! (.'ape George. Port Discovpry rrotciliiin iHlin.ii. SK. by 8. Ailiiiiralty IIi'hiI l.i|;bt-h()Uii«. ^ ^^^^f^v -rV-^^t^l ^^iPf^^^ "' . . .^M^^riii— »— I III! I I ■ in M^jMMja Hroto.ii'Mi iHlaiid, Tort UiHcovpry. Clallam Point. 8K. l>.\ K. ) 1., 1,4 niilm. Mount C'liatliuni, V.I 10 fm-t /-^^H^*^^!^^^^'^*^.f^ r ^'^^;4^'*»«M'5i^^t>?»'«rf^^^ rrutfiliiiii iHliniii. SK. liy S.ilmiliw. Muuiit Clialliani, U.UU f>-et. ',»■>.,••»», ^^^^^^fMMg^isft^ Aftf* iKbt-houae. I'Diiit WiUoii l.it^lil iKiUM'. K.h\ S., i:! iiiili'H ■■P ' IH-,.1.. *■■ . ■.,J-*~. . ii.ir' »-. ^rr :x&'2j!sti: roint WiUiii I.iKht-luiiiHP, E. by S . 18 i Moniii Cliadiiiiii, V. Ill) Ir '-'»-':* Vi ■v-v rt 'VfV y- ■r>T-^ 'Vf-TT'^^-r- Vt>.-1L-^;--^- V-M'tKN'.. ^!i= 9t. nr ,•« H : .lit: - 1 ' i * '^Z^^:^^--*i^'':^«iS!:::^:*!;r>''n>, ^fis0^mssat»^ .um^j^^k ^1: [ jt ;. 1» •, 'ikn 1 f'! 1 ^i i ^ i f i' iiiilen I'Afii'ic cdAsr I'iMir. niiri'KCIHiN ISI.ANIi. 533 lliis isliiiiil is out' iiiul Iwii tliiiils (il II mill- |(iii;,r ;i,|,| alMiiil I wo iliiids ol' a mile witl Hit' IHTONS the hill lillr. Us p'lUMiil (llrfditMi IS iiuitlicii.si anil siiiilliwol, mill il lies diic ami luolhiids milcN iiii.ly olVtiio ciilraiicf to I'oit I Hscovcn. Tll4'|■(^ Is ii lori;,', liiw |>(ijiit at raili iml ol' tiii^ islaiiil; ii ii till' wt'sl is rockv ami Haiiil,\, that al tlir cast all saml. The 1 rill r\t ii;;lifst part is lu'ar the west iciiiit.v. and rcaclii's an rlcvatidii tif two liiimlird ami tit'tci'ii tW\, liiil llir lir tiers wliicli ,,,\,i this cml III' till' isiaiiil iimKi' it inok iiiiii'li liii,'lici. Tlie siilcs aiv MTV siccji, ami rise from ,,iii, i\ In (Hit' liiiiiilii'il anil I liirty I'cct lii;;li. Tlir scawaid nest of ilic castcru part is citvcifil vvilli iii,iiiii« iViii;;!' of stiintrd pines; llic t'astcrn sliipc is kIci|i ami ;;iass\, ami that Inwards Port jioiMncrv is iimliilalinu and cnvcrcd wiili Irrii. Tlir |iriiiri|ial part nf tlic castiTii liall' ul tlic, i.| ,;iii IS .•iilti\at('d. \l:.|ua> np tilt' fact' nl' tlic clilV tnwaid llic miMliwisI and near tin' a!i,i:lr ol' tlic nintlicin sliiiic iiicic IS a lioii/niital slicak uT ;;iM\ }.'l.iii.il cias aliiiosl lliicc feci lirnail. wliicli is a local ic.iliiic easily i'ci'(>;;iii/.id. Till' soiitiiwest c\trciiiit> uf the island lies sevon and mic hall' miles west, one-halt' soiitli (W. ' S.I liom I lie New Dnnf^eiiess laulit III. use. and the noitliern st part id' the island is seven miles Miiilli lil'ty cii:lit dc'jiccs west iS. ."iS W.I iVoiii rmni W'il.Min Ia;;lit house. Tlie sniitliwcsl point of the island is|\M( miles mulli scvcnlytivc dejirccs west (N. T.'t W.) Iniiii I'lallam I'aint at the west siih' of the cntianee to I'oil Diseovciy, anil the northeast point i> • ami lliice lil'ths miles norlli si\t,\ devices west (N.Cd W.) from roini (!ei)r;;c at the east -i,|e ef ihe cntianee. On the inside ol I'loleeiioii Island tlieie Is a ^rood limad |iassa;.;c round cither end. In tlic I I -.i, III passa.iic the u III ill of t he eh.inncl liel ween I he ii\ e fa I hum lines is one and one fourth miles. \Mih u'li'd water close under Cape y the weslcfii |l.l<^lue. heeaiisc the soiitherly wind draws out of Washington Sound and ;:ivcs a fair workinj; l>ii'i'/e III reach Point < 'lallaiii. (Ill ihe inside shore of the island there is nioderalcly deep w.iier close niiilcr the hanks, and iiiilniiau'e may he had in ten f.ilhoms ahoiil three hnmlrcd \ aids uj) the shore. riicre is no kelp ill tills shore c\eept in the middle of sii 111 iner. w hell I here is a little near the Inioy. Noi ihnoilh- isi nf the Isl.ind an c\leiisl\ e shoal makes out to the north noilhwcsi. know n as the Pallas Haiih.* iiiieelly olf the shore the three fa I lion i iiiic extends I'nlly half a mile out. and the outer line of the I rl|i marks the four fathom line. The limit of ilic ten fathoin line id' this hank is two and one- ,i:ill miles to the north tiortliwcst or one half mile outside the line lictweeii New Dnn^iencss l..;lil lionse and Point Wilson I,i;;lil house ; the lireadtli is aliiint one and a half miles. This :■ II l.illioiii line runs sharply to the e.ist point, but it sw iii^s ilnee I'oiirlhs of a mile ;s near the outer limit af 111- liaiik. l.iid down by Kellilt. It Is almost exactly on the line hetw 'cn New " !ii!!;;eiiess lajr'nf- . Hill -e , mil roiiit Wilson l,i;.lil house, aii.l --ix and I wo thirds miles Iroi i the foiiiuT ami sc- a and •*ii||jiids miles from the I. 'Iter. This |il:iees it on the northwest cd;;e of iiie l>ailk. si. that here iiia> he sonic slight error in the position. The Siir\-ey hr:^ /■'(((';(//(»■)// freinieiilly pa.s.sed '^I'i lliis locality in search of this shoal spot. I!n)\ (UK I'l.'nTKrTlON ISI.AN'n. \ lirst rla.ss can haul/ paiiitiil hhiik aitil aamlnnil \ has liccn placed in li\»' and a lialf fatli- 'iiii-^ 111 water ahont half a mile Iroiii the end of the sand and rocky spit which makes out one-third ■ .Naillicl li\ llli«'":l-l .Sii|\rv 111 t-ti'J. J f ? . f)31 I'ACIKIC COAST I'll.or, .wtf of ii mill' from tiu> soiilliwt'^l ptiiiil of rrotcclioii Islaiitl. Wlicii vrsx'ls ;ni' cniiijii- |',,i| dj, i'ov»'r,\ liy tlio wi'stfiii passap- iiiulfi llu' soiilh .sitlr of I'lolcrtioii Ivlaml IIm\ lia\c Hi till' jMtrt hand, 'riicir is \i'i\\ (li'i'|i WMtrr rlusf uiiiU'i' il luvNaiil llii- >(iiilli('i n >liiii( . i. fathom tail of thr l>allas liaiik itMclirs half a milit wcs; southwest fioiii tlir liiio,\. At tlit> liiiov III)- following' lu'ariii^s ami ilistiiiiccH an> K>vi'ii to im|Mii'iaiii oltjicts 'IIM\ nil 1 ll\i' Nc» l'iiiiK''iii's» l.inliiliniisi- W, ) N. '« nil! Siiiilliwisl mil 111' I'luliiliiiii I^IjiihI i:. i.x N. ■; \ Clal 1:1111 I'oi lit K. Ii_\ S. J S, J mil. ~ This inland, with roiiit Aii^'i-lcs ami Ni'W l)iin^;t'm'ss, atloid the (irsi cxaiMiilcs nl ijir |„c low, >aii(lv. ami ;;ra\«'ll.v |ioiiils coxcrcil with coaiso ;;iass ami IhisIics makiiii,' uiil rniin il iiliai I' liij flilVs into \cr\ tli't'ii water, where the temlencv of slron;; eiirieiils would seem to lir in i ;ii tin awa.v. It was named rroleetion Island liy N'amuxiver in ITIL', and on aeeounl of ils pu'-ii lion to I'orl hiscoveiy it is veiy aptly named. ii'ii III ii'lii yanv Di.srovKKY. 4 it; y ? I f I This land loeked bay lies in the eastern jiait of the lii;,'ht lietweeii New Diinueiii-^ .imi l'. l-lnl|-|nl| Wilson. The western point is just live miles nearly northeast from the eniiMmc in W llarlior. It is not readil\ ::'ade out liy a vessel in the strait, because the enlranei' .i{.|ii';ii. M,„|, adetl Ity I'roteetion Island am.' the wooded >hores of the hay tnerlap. l''rom New l)iiii;_'eness l.i^hllioii.M' the wt'siern head of tlieeiitianee to the jmiiI iimiiu ,| ( ;,, lam I'oiiit* is nine and one half miles distant, and beais south ei};lil,\ two de;;M is easi S. s .' | I'rom the New l)iin;,'eness buoy il is nine miles soiilh se\enl.\ se\eli dej;rees easi iS. ',', f. . ,ii,l that line ji.isses in>l south of the black biioy oil' the southwest ]iiiiiil of I'lulect ion Ivfiini The intermediate lour and one i pi ail ci' iiiiles of shore between Wasliii'Ului, llai Imi ami I'ni! h:- <-overy issliuhtly curved towards the northwest and is formed of hi^li, broken clill^. Ilu ii -li, ,; elilV is about one ami mie f'nurlh miles southwest from ('lallain I'oint and is pmliablv iwn liiimii.v fet't above the se.i. The siirlace aboM' the dill's is densely covered with iheOiej^nii pine a in hi iliii undcr^rrow th. The liv«' fathom line is ln|M > in |i, son oi fnuii llic w.iier, which is vci\ deep under the south side; under the north side the ilii. i '.iiIh i tliward. The eastern point of the entrance to I'ort Discover^ is ( ape ( ieorj;e, ami il le half miles iioitheast one t'oiirlh iioith Iroiii Clallam I'oint. It is a slecpclilV thai iIm not over two liiimlrcd \ards from the shore. The a\('ra;;e width of the ba \ l> lii-;ill\ iiiii am' three luaiters miles (or nine miles of its len^;th, ami then di creases iapi, Inri \ I.iiImh; i:mlcr the second low point on Iheeast wccoiild not lind lessllian I weiily live fatlnMii- nt wii' a few -hip len;;llis from the beach, but found ^ood aiicliorat;e in lweiil.\ fathoms, soil bnlldiii.' t'.e west"rn shore two miles .south-southeast from Clallam Point and abreast o, :• lou -».iii: lieadi. In the deepe.-l purl of the bif;ht between Clallam I'oint and this aiiclioia;;c, ill till- llliMllll Kajjle Creek, there shore. d auchoraj^e ill ten fathoms of water about lour liiindiid ,\aii III 'Cliallaiu uii tliii cliartN. INaiiii'd liv tlie ('iiiinl Survey in m I'ACiriC CdASl I'll.OI'. 53: •■IIIil; r..il |)|^ ll\i' III' niiii\ III! iMMc, liiil .1 |i\,. rl>. ) mil. . I mil. null '<. 'S III I 111- |MI llllll illl lllllll ll;l' |||;.ll III' III I 'II t|i|'i|i i |ll>v|||,,l| IK II I.I y:clM'>'> ,iiiil rmiii •r III \\ .i-liiii-|iiii ■f .ll'lHMI- MmiI, jiiii I iiiiiisi i| I ;,i; i s tMvi ^, >.; 1;, si iS. 7: I,. ..11,4 lull l>l,llili 1 linl .llhl I'l'll |l|< lilVv •|lH'lii;;lii'>l i;ilil\ t^^ i< liiiliillnl III |illir ai IH'I ami .-•li'i" > 1" ilii iiiiil ii I - iiiii'.ii.il IJial li-i^ (llhilh Illl' I III 11' lallioiii lia,\ is lii'ailv "III' U,\ ti> Illl' S.iliiiiili ; < IjH' anil lliri'i' I mill'- >i)iiili li\ iijit, ami iinrii'il lis stii IiliarM'M nil', V.:, iv".l. scl ciilii- 111' 'I'O I is mil . luiiiUiil 1 ami ■'■'■! lii'i ill aiii-c a- I" lll.ll^l 1' til', will' il Ml iiii'i Is loin lailii'iMv r.illii'iii- "I wii'ii S, Mill l"'li"IM."'' ,,,' :i Inn -w.iini'.^ ., ,,|V llir lll'illlll"! ,ll,'.l \ai.l>"ll ;i"' .\l ilic IhmiI of till' I'li.V it •■(inti'iicls ill wiillli, tlit- watci' nIhiiiIs, 11 \;\yisenveiy, wliieli is tlio lllllll piMiil iiiside on (lie western slnn'e wiieiellie i>ay is .scant one mile wiile ami the deptli of ^^,l:,•l III mil! cliiimiel is twenlytwtt lalJioms. This was a low pmiit priijcctliii,' s|j;;litly fruin tliu mail, line o I' iiliiir. 'riuTi' is ;;(i(i(l aiiclidfa^'e ill the Itay near the saw n Hie l'(>;l l>i.scii\cry mills leporleil I'.i issj i|i,.j|' , mi pm j,s L'.'>.(i(Mi,Otl(» feel of liimbiT, 12,000 |ii|i"-. .iMii M.IMIIMIDII laths, 1)1' a total value ol .'r'.; 1(1,11(11). TJiry have a capacity of l(l(»,(i(t(l to 1J(I,(I(I(I leet of liimlier a day. When a ves,sel Is in (lie strait witii Port Diseovery |>artly open jiisl to the east of I'rotection jsl.iml. Ilie steam from this sawmill is .seen ii-i|i;r as a hi;;li. while coliiiiiii in marked contrast Willi ihcdaik lir tiilia;.'e on litlier hand. Diiecily west simtliwest limii the saw-mill is tlu« Iiinil w. Hilled mass of Mount Cliatliaiii, already mentimied. liilis. — 'l"he Coirecled Kstaldishiiieiit, or mean ilitel\al lielvveeii the lime of the .Moon's transit HIM the lii^li waier, is W''. IT . To find the times and lii-i-hls of each and e\er.\ tide thi'oii;;li- lint Illl' .\ear i">nsult the Tide 'I'alde fur the rarilie Coast pnlillshed aiilinally. l''or the I'aciilio slaml.ird lime and hci;;ht of any reipiiied liij;li water take out the time and liei;;ht lorlheHanio lull' .It I'ml Townseiid, and fioin the j;i\t'n lime siihlraci thirty four minutes and from the n'wvn Uv\li\t\ siilitracl eijjht tenths of a foot, j-'or low water take out the time and hei;;lit ol' the reijuired lull' lui roil 'J'owiiseiid and from the ;;iven lime snblraci twenty nine miimtes and from the ;;iveii 111 i^ht siililract four teiil lis nf a fool. To obtain tlu' local limes of hi;;h and low water, sidttrai^t limn llie I'oll Townseiid liliii", ill the talile foil\ lixe and loll.N mililltes, respectively. I'lie peninsula lielwecn this port and N\'ashin;;toii llarlior averages aluiiit three iniles in I'liaiilli: il is lii.^h, lolliiii; I. mil comtciI willi trees. r.elueeii this ) oil and I'oit Tow iisiiid the ;ivcra;;e width of the iieiiiiisiila is also three miles, id ciiliivalion towards I'm t Towii.stMid, nil .1 rulliiiLr eoiililis covered with tree: ■ lit with prailie ai I'ml DiscoNeiy IS the " admiralili' hailioi " which was diseii\ cii'd by t^Miimper in .Inly, 17!K», ami 11. lined l''.l I'neilo de Ciiadra, and which had an island in fioiil ol its moiitli. l''rom here he lllllll .111 i'\ploiatioii of .\diiiirally liilel, elc,. and saw (he t wo ;;ri'al passages |o the noilliward. Ill IT!i| Ihe Spanish discovery brij; Sulil. Siimr Dun 1). Cialiaiio. and the schooner .l/r.r/cri/fo, .Si'iiiu Hon ('. Naldcz, were letllled in this bay. Il was lirst surveyed and made Known by \'aiicim\er in May, ITMl'; lie retitted his ships ami I'slal'lislu'd an observatory al the s ml low poiiii, now known as ('air I'oiiil, on the western slinli- illl- I 111 iheiice sent his boats 011 the siii\ (\ (if .\dmii all v liilel and I'ii;.;et Sound. II lesi lit name to the ba\ aflcr uiie ol hi.- c i;a .•t^ hips, ami il i>kiiiiwii bv no other. Some of the >rliliis III this bay liavf discuveii'd names carxed on the trees on this point, and they are sup- |iiisi d to have been cut b.v Xaiicuiiv ei's im-ii. Ill l.s.'i,") we fuiiml on the bliitf hai-k ot ('lallaiii Point a ,i;reat niimbei' of larfjo trees that had I'lrii UMsted oil' or uprooted by .some loiiiado that had blown from the soul lieast ward. The (iros- hall il iiies wci'c plainly \isible on the slupiii;;- hillside fioiii the anchoi-ai;e. MiiiilU' Of It'icLt) I'itint. — Kastward of Cape (ieor,i.;e the j^ciieral diieetioii of the shoieliiie is liiilllieast bv Iioi til and the distance is live and thiee foiii tlis miles, biif midwa.v between tlicst! .Illl-. ilii'ie is an obtuse an;;le in the shore line from w hich a sharp point prujccls out nearly one. I'liid uf a mile. The whole shore line lies al III )f iii''li, yellow, clav dills which reach four liimlii'd or live hnndied feel elevation tuw.ii'ds the low ri'acli of Point Wilson. l.'iM'k.\ I'uint has a depth of live fa I lion is of water w ilhiii one third mile of the shore ami ten i.iilii'iiis ai three foiiiths of a mile. 'I'liere is ver\ deep water, forty to fifty fathoms, between it ami I'roiection l.',land: there is also very deeii water of .■M.venlyfoiir faihoiiis two miles to the iii'iihwesi. and lifteeii fathoms at a mile oil .>liore llii'ine to Point Wilsun. llicre i.s no kelp out 111 -i\ , lllll seven fathoms for one and one half miles aloii;; shore to the iioilheasl. The cnireiils olV this point are coiillici iiij; from its proximity U) the entrance to Admiralty liili-l, the Dallas P.aiik, and the passa;;e to Port Discovery. Bl'OV ul'I' MIDDM; 01; IJiiCKV I'OINT. ui h, 1 mark a «mnU suulm fock otV Middle or l.'mU.v Point, a thinlclds.s iniiilnion painted irifk red '(/. Iii>ri:<)iiliil siripts has been placed in lifieeii teel of water one hall mile northeast by north 111 ii *'>■■■' ii I mm I j*!i,:* .O.'Jfi I'Ai'ii'if; ("oAsr ni.or. froiii llit> t'xti'cinify of tlio iioiiil :hu1 outside :i)m1 clnsi' to lliis (liiii^^tT, wliiij, is inraali ;\i ilir 1,^,.^, lilies, \"cssi'ls slumlil ;:i\e lliis Imnv ;i hcilli uroiic Imnilreil vnnls. From litis 1mio\ we liiive Hie I'oUowiii}; lie;iiiii;;s and (listaiii'i's to iiiniortaiil ollje(•l^. New lliiiimiic.vs i.iglit ImiiM' S, 7- \V. II iiiil,.> I'diiil r.irtiiili;c' Nnrtii t, niilin, roiiil Wilsnii I.inlit-lidnsr N. fi'.! !■'.. :{\ mill's III io,^,-.\ ami tliii'k, smoky weatlier tlie lead must l>e kept ;;t)iii{; wlieii apiiroiicliin^; ;<■:< j,,,,,,! POINT WILSON. Tliis jioint lies in the soiitlioastenimost part ol' the Stiail ol' I'lica, at the eiiliaiicc |m .\(hii:i,i!!. Inlet, ol' which it loinis the westein point, it is also the iioriliwcsteMi poini oj I lie ciiii.nii r ..! I'ort Ton iisctid. Tlie point lieaisiioith >e\ entytoiii dejxrees east (N. 7 I 1'..) foiniei'ii ain! ii'loiiii'i umI.s tinii, New 1 >ini;:ene>s l,i;:hl house, ^nd this line jiasses o\ el' t he lioi I hern pai I of the l»all;is llanl, iumi; lliidwas liel\\eeii the two points. Tiie liifih vtllow ela.\ eliiVs siinnounted by heavy forest rnn Irom Port l>is(o\ii\ touiinl , l',,ii Townseiid and leach a heij;hl of tour ', i' IIm' liiiiKtred feet near iJockv Point ; |hi\\ arc \fi,\ >iir|i and Ineak ilown sinhleiilv iini' • a hill two hiindied and titty t'eel lii^^li, three ei;;litlis of niian before reaching theextre nils of Point Wilson. This point stretches oni lowaids ,\itiiiii,ili v ||,-,i,| and is fi'i'iiied of low sand\ hillocks eoxered wiili coal .e {^rass. The soul li shoic of (In | ,l||i• s\\ ceps to the south and a;,'ain meets the lii};ii land in hall a mile. (ira\el and shiii^:lc slmw ai the water line. On the extreniit\ ol the point are the la^^lit Inuiso biiihlin;;s. lielwccii l.'ocUs Point and Point Wilson the ^'ciieial direction ol tlie line of clilN i> iiuhIumv! by east, and oiV the slioie the live lalhoni line is less than one loiiitli of a mile distaiil. cmii ' will in two thuds of a niilc of point Wilson, where it reaches o..' half a n ile o\er a vci> rnii:!- rock\, aiiil sliini;l.\ liolloiii with ,i lidd of kclji to mask it. The kelp lield is well oil the puiiitci- the north side ol the .•.|'.;;lil lii;:lit lust \ie>t ot the low extremity. The ten latlloiii line III > iilmii: two thirds of a iin'" fioni the shore. Ibiectly oil the point towards Admiralty I lai hor a i|i'|it! i>r twenty fithoiiis IS loiiiid one hiiiidicd vards Iroin the beach, and the ciitren's make li\ n wj] j:rc.ir \clocil\ Diiiiiij,' the elili tides a \cr\ stroiij; eddy clirieiil sets to the easlw.ml nlmij shore iioni .Middle or K'oi i>y point, and i un as far is Port Iii>co\er\. In lS."(."i when uc ,\i ; com in;,' out ol the inh't on the lai ;',i ebb wish se; ccly an\ w iiui we kept outside of the up sliowiii. the line of the ei Pintertion l-land. bin she was drifted hack to Point NN'ilson. Tin- linii.in when bound to New Miiiiyeness, keep well out in the elib. W'ssels workiii;^ cuit lioin Poll T k i. send with the stroll,; siimini I winds hold well iimh r the soiillieast shoicof Poini Wilson, canvin. three t'alhoiiis within two hiindicd and (ilt\ ^vaidsof the hcacli southwest of the l.i;,'ht li(iii>i>, .iiii' I'oiiiid the point close aboard. In approacliiii;^ the point Inun the strait in lb;;;;y or thick, sinoks weather ihe fo;; wih.;ii n the jpoint will ;^ive siiliicieiil waiiiiii;.'; but if it should noi be hold Ihe le.id miisl In. kcp' umn. l.li.U I It'll sK ON iMiiri I \VU..s(iN. The LiL'lit house is very ni'.ir the extremity of the point, where it is noi more 'h.i* iiu .i above the level ol the sea. The si I net lire consists of a i>ee|ief'« dwelling: ol one and .i Icjll ^im'i lii;;li. painted whi'e, I'rom tins house iises I'oi a short distance iiIhivc the roof the sipian- lnwi painted white and siiiiaountcd l>\ a lantern and di, me painted black The loi.' si^'iial InnMiii.: ^ painted while and adjoins the dwi-lliii^,' lowuids ihe watei Iron'. .\s '^ecn from the watei the liuildint;s show as a eliisicr id white houses with d.iiK o.uN n the lo,\ pi.iiit, ,11 the e\tieiiiit\ of which is a lla;.'-stalV. There arc low . stra^iylin;; lii'c.> iiisiii' theiii and eachin;; to the lii-h clill co\eii d w ,•'• l.ir^'c lirs and pines. The ll;:lit w as lir^t e\lilblled I leeembcr I.>. IST'.I, and show I'Veiv ni::lit lloiii siin-it 1- Mill'- a Ji.tril nliit' liiilit ol the fniitth ordei of the s,\s|tin of I lesiiel. illiiiiiinat inn 1^^" iniiniii'l in i se\ellt\ de;;iees of the lioii i. The liei;;lil oi the focal jilaiic is fonysix leel above the ba.se and (ift^ three leei al".\c tl.i m,^aauuaimBii lilK ll'ix j, ■, I'f I" Ailiiiii.iliv I lit' t'llll.llici' 111 iiiil'i iinliv liiiiii \.>^ l'.:llil> iirail;, l'\ IclW.lld', I'lMl \ aic \i-i\ -Hi'ii ■ii;lillis 111' ;i iMI.r Acliiiiiallv II. ail lul r (if llil I illlil , sjiili^'li' f-liiiw at •lill* IS lllllllllMvt ■ ili--latil. I'viT].! ■IT a \ti\ rmiuli, 1 olV till- |iiiiiit I'll iiii line 111 > .ilii'ii; Ilai'liul ;i ili'jitli make !i\ It Willi ca-'luiiil ailing i.'i u luii «!' \\iv till' ii|i -lioHMi; llic tlllir. Wi Till' liuliaih, lOMI I'l'l I 'I i'',ll \\ ilsini. rairviii;: .i^'lit liiinx', aliil ic I'li^ u iii.lir nil ■ t 111' Ur|i' L'liili.' Ml' ' lia* !rti 'ii'i ml a liull '* llr sijllarr liUVrr i;iial liii.M'ti: ■ III ilai:, 'iiiil- nil liij^- t;i ■ - iii>'i'i' .iiMsct t ■ -iiiiri'ii' V I. imiiiMv.l .iml ■ loci al'i.M' the I'Af'lI'M,' COASI' IMIair. 537 im an livt'l <'i' Mm sell, aiid iiinU'r onliiiar.v coiiiliti.iii.s of ihc alinii.siilii'io it should he scon from a 1,1'iulit ol- id t'crt at a ilislaiii I' 11. '.I miles. ■Jll IV.i al a .li^taiMT ..f l;).! iiiili.,H. ;!() IVit al a (lislaiicii .if 1 1.Ci miles. i'lii ;,')'ni,Mai»lii<'iil position, as tlclcriiiincd l>,v tlic ['. >S. Coast and (Icodctin Siirn'y, is: l.alllllili' .|, 11-' ;;i|" .|l|_ I j;itmli' I','-J 1,-, II' wisl. I ll, ill 11 Till' ~U I |:,, (|||<,r| III .laiiiiary, ISS,"), tlic iiiaj;iicti<' variation was -JL" L'S' cast, and was dccrcasin-,' iuiniially 4'. riic licaiiii;;s and distanci's to iniporiaiil jxiiiils mc ;;ivfii as follows: Wii(U\ riiiiil Hiiiiy (n ll ami lilai'U liiiri/cinlal .siripi's) S. fill \V. m iiiiln.s. N'l'W DiiiiK.iirss I.i;;lil-lii)ilsi- S. 71 \V. 1 l| inilrs. lull I'liiiiy iilV \i\v I'nii^i'iiiss S. rr, \V. i:i^ inili's. It.iiT ImI.uhI LiHlit-liiiiiw S. 7:i \V. ;ai- milrs. r.sHiiiiiiall l.i^lit-liiiii.ii' \. -I -W. :Wl iiiili'M. Viriciria l.i^iil-liiHiHi' (tint iiilirviMiMr') N. -J \V. liiiJ iiiilo.s. OiMiiivrry Island I. iKlil-liiiii^i" N 71 \V. 'Si miles. Itlack lliioy nil I'artriil;;!) I'aiik .\ ..".-j \V. 7; in lies. Smiili's Islaiiil l.iKlillnmxi' N I,'. W. 11 niilcM. li'ni lliKiy nil I'liiiil l'arlriil;;(' N. In W. .'.| niilcH. Ailiniialty Ili-ail l.iKlit-liinisi' N. .VJ i:. ;\\ iniliw. li'iil MaKr I.ij;' I nil I'liin .Marrnw slnm- S. 7'; i:. If, milrs. It is it'|ioi'ti'd that, (or soine \t';irs a slioal .--iiil lias licrii iiiaKinn- oiV this |)iiini. :ind now a licrtli 111 riic ciiiarttr of a mile is sate in roiitnliiin il. l'0(;siiiNAI. AT roINT WU.SOX. l!('t«(M'n tli(> I.ijilil iioiisv liiiildinn and the cxticnic )uiint llicii' Is a small wliilc liiiildini; (or the lo.u .'^iiiiial a|i|iai'.ilns. This is ;i t wclvn iin'li .v/cd/zj irliistli .•soiiiidi'd cNcrv iiiiniitc in thick and ln-.;y wcalluT. 'V\w U nijth (if tlir li(i{\t x-^tiiiht mvhuiIh ■iiid the li nt/lli of tlir iiitornl hrlini'ti tin- iiUisU is ti/'lj/firii ^ktiiiuIk. \ Cvscls tMiterin;; .Vilinirallv Inln IVom the Slrailol Ftica stand I'oi' Admiralty Head !,i;,'ht on an e:ist l>y north one I'oiirth north i I". h> N. \ N.) coiirso, ha\inn- Point \\'ilson l,in|itdioiis(( open nil the starlioard Imw: and when I'oiiii WIIsdii lanlit house liears .■southwest hy soiilli one(|uarter south, liistant one and one. thud miles, roint No i'uint Ia;;ht will he (i|ien throii^di the middle (d' llie inlet he;i!inn^ south (illy tun u liiil, cal'.-d I'ort .MasiHi, stood n[)oii it. ijinirKi; ri'.MXsri.A. •'.itwccti I'oit i)iseo\ciy and Port 'rownseiid lies a peniiiMila a\('r:ii;in;^' thri'e miles in breadth iMil ten miles Ion;;, ll is le.isonahly iinilnlaliii:,' land and has man.\ larne farms. It oilers uK-^it iii.anlaues as a loe;itioii for a commercuil town, ami in time it will lie I'onni'Cted directly by rail uilh ihe ( 'oiiimhia Ivixer 'i.\ way of theCowlit/ N'alley. I'dlM I'AUTUIlXiK. 'I'iiis is ili(> western point o|' Whidhey Island, the eastern lioiiiidary of tin- Strait of .Iiiaii de I liia. ll may lie eoi.sidered the noithcin part oi the eiitraiiee to .Vdmirally Inlet and Piifjet soiiiiil. with Point Wilson as the norih\\cstern point ; allhoiiuh .\dmirally Head and Point Wilson ale, siiieily considered, the two points ol' the entraiK'e. .Vt :in.\ rate it is descrihed here as form- al- part id' the shores l«n\ii lii- liic lull by llic stroiij; west wimls. Inis l'( riiicd a \ciy prciiliisr iiil;;f on tlir oiii- i 1,1,(1,1 llu« lop. Tills is so narrow that it ran liartily lie traxi'li'd, ainl in many places ii is ||nll^ 1 \, i,.,,- above tlio ^rrouml iiisiilc; yet lii'iiijj ovfijjiowii with Imslics, ilio ritij;(' is now pcnnaiicni Till" liii^licst i>ail of tlu' point is about two liniidn'il and si\iy loct alio\c low watci. Altlioufili (lie water olV lliis point is (iiiilc hold, yet the ImiIIdmi drops oil' so smldnilv i|i:i| ,,, lo,i.'^'y or smoky weather vessels running' by the lead ma\ be iinexpwtedly upon a Imu Mei |. . • wl^rl extemls out halt' a mile fioni the point and is markeil by kelp vt>ry nearly to thai depih. Smiiji east of the point the ten fathom enise is less than hall' a aiile olV shore, bnl oil' tin- poii,i ,ii,,l i, the northward the ten t'athoni enrve is tally lonr lil'ths of a mile iVoni the shore. The lim oi' il,, .shore south of the point runs east southeast and west north west and in line with the ilireciicu, ,11 riirtrid;:c I'.ank. suthat the ten fatluun lines are liardly a mile apait, ,\et there is a depth i.l'ilia!', fathoms in that w iilth. OlV till eiitl ol' the bowlder reef in live to ten t'atlioms the currents are \er\ stnui- ,..! ili.i, is nineh be ''ii;; and oVflt'.lU at the el'aii;,'es. The ! I aiiuiila! ion slat ion of the I '. S. < 'oast and v,i- pas-.iiiu north w. II d iiinlir the woti 111 slioie ot' \\'lii,llie\ Islainl inilsl leave il on I ln' >i,ii1mi.,iiI hand. .\ \issi| eoiiiiiij,' I'lom l;o--ai io Sir.iil to Adiiiiiallv Inlet must lia\e il on the pml l< iii,l, I'roiii this buoy the liilLiwin;; beariu;;s and distances to proininent objects locate 11 : Sii,iiir< Kl.ihil l.i-lii-h.iii^i' NU'. ■ W. Ii iiiil'- ilii.'.v ..;, I':iilri.lur f.ink W. L.v .N . , N'. '." niili'v I'.iii,! WiK.iii l.i^lii liiins,' M.. I.\ S. ; S. .". mill's. M:i 11. ,«Nl ,.,,.■ l'..i!il (ivil ht;ikr linliM St:, i 1:. 't mil.-. .V.bnii.ills ll..i,l 1. , -1,1-1, .„i-.- m;, 1..V V.iV.. :■- 1,1,1,-.. Point r,ii 1 1 iili.'i' reicisiij Its name t'roin \'ancon\eriii ITU'. I'oi the ilesiaipt io.i ot' Admiralty Inlet, I'u;.'et Sound. ,ind ailj.ieeiii w, iters, see umlci |.iivr; )ieadill;:s, as ue Imw return to the nolllielll .slioieol' I'lic.i Si 1 .ill . eoiiiliieliciu;; .il lie- \wv|rri elil laiiee. VANCOUVKR ISLAND, HKITISII COl.UMUIA. Tills is ilie ^leal island whose western slnue for I w o hundred miles eoiil iiiiles I lie \^ ■ >ni coast be Mind the limits ol \\'ashiii;^loii. 'I'lie soul hern end of llie isl.nid loi ins ilie iiorlhcvi si;,'!- ol the ,Sti;iit ot' l"uea. 'I'll is |s|;,ii,l was ori:.'inally called •• <,)iiai||a and \'aiicou\er " by the S,,anis|i e,> lainl. 1 ii": \',iin ver, who met in the (iiilf of «;eoij;i.i in I 7'.I'J, the toi inel eiitciili;,' trom the iioilli :iiiil II- l.itiii lioiii the .soutii. throii;;li the Stiait of .liiaii ile I'lici. I'lie n.iiiie <^>u.idr.. has t.illni iiii' disiisc'. i.icirr ino sK aiiai'K hi.ai 1., iiaiji 1 an sm \i>. Iiom T.itoosh Isl.ind the mountains of the Soniinerset l.'aii- 1 the roast ot \,iii.eii\' |sl;iiii| ,11 e le.i.lll.\ seen, I'liex | ise to o\cr two thousand Icil clc\.llioii and inaik the .Ippr '. to K.ircl.iy Sound from the east sonlhe.isl. Tin' openin- to that sound i> foililcen miles ,, is open diiectly to the south. There ale two wide eiit lances |o it. sepaialeil b\ an alcliip islands. 'I'he cape al the soiilhcast point of the enliance throimli the lice, ile I'.issa.-e . 'il' r.eale, upon I he i'\l 1 eiiiity of which is built the l,i'.:lil lioiisr. The sliuctllle is a sipiare towi'r, painted a li-lit stone ciloi. .iml llie keepci's dwell .■ > ' del.ichcd obloii;: biiildiiiL;. painted the s.iine color. The illnmimitin- apparatus is of the tirst ordei Catoptric, levolviii-. and shows Iron, .ii,v to Miiiiise a irlill, lliiht III iiito-riils -/' lliiilii snnii'h. inakili- a c plele icMilution in two 11 aiilti- It WIS tiisi .Ahibited on Jills I. IsTI. 'i'lie llydrouiaph.N last.pmc HiiJ, ,s.i.\s; •■\isibl, Imi" .vecolids; eclipse t III It \ .seconds. " u\^. k^\ PACU'lC COAST PILOT. )39 <1, Wllllll, 1„.||,^. Im' (ni|r| I'l, , • lliiU V I \,. 1,.,.. U.llll. Illlllclllv l||;l| |!| iNi'lll. Suinl, lif |i'iilil ,iim| ;, 'I'lir lllH 111 ll liic .lir ,1, , I ill |ilh ..; iIm- IliMIU :il,.| liirl, •Kill lii'l II ;i,i;' . : Tlic liciRlit t>r tlio tower from tlic Imsc to liic cciilor oC llio lens is tliirtytivc feet niid tliti r.iiiil |>l:iiii' IS out" Imiiilird ami siNty-fimr fet't iiImivc the lii^rli wiitcr level of tin; Hen j and ill l:i\irriilil(M'Oiuiitioii8 of tlie, \\t-ntiiei- siioiiUl lie seen from a liei;;lit ol- io I'li'l at a ilislaiii"' of H.:i iiiilrs. •Jll I'ri't at a ilistaiirr iiC l'.l> mill's. :iit fiTl at a ilislaiuT iif •.M.o umIin. Tlic i>p|iroxiinate "^eograpliieal ))ositioii is: l.alituil'' 1- IT' IS l,iiiif;itmli< Ij:, I'J .Vi IIKI'tll. wrst. I)|. Ill lllllO si' •,'IJ'" al III .laiiiniry, ISS.'), the majmelie variation was I'.i ' ,")(»' east and liad very neaily readied the i';i>li'in m:i\ianim. The li;;iit is visihle from an easterly beariiij; parallel with tlie coast, round to tlie west by II, .nil half iiorlli (W. liy N. A N.). It slioiilii not he hroii;;lit to the eastward of east half north, JHiMMse foul jii'onnd extemis oil' the eiitr.inecs to llarelay Sound. The front of tiie eape is closely lionlered l>y rocUs, lint a depth of lilieen laihoiiis of water is found one mile otV the shore. }l,ii ill! rs, hiiirrrrr, .flioithl nul nth mill >o rnlrr tin- s,,hiiiitliii hy .Mcares. after his lirst olliccr, w ho ex]iloied this coast 1' 'iillllll:IIMii I .mil I' mil ' ll iiiil'tlic ,, liMs l.ini'iiiiitii lU ■.; I'l'nIM illi^i'l 111 I WO II null"' •■\islhl. :liill\ Westward from I'oint llonilla the slioreliic has a .treiieral direction west half iioilli [W . \ N.) iiii iweiitN two and a half miles, to Cape li.'ile l.iiiht Iniiisc, Eastward the shoreline is almost ■-liai;;lil to itaci' h'ocks l,i;;ht liinisi', wi'si li.ilf north [\\ . A N.) fifty and a half miles. In forty miles this simre is hrokcii oiil.\ hy .San .liian ll.iihor; the shou'line is hacked h\ hrokeii, rock.' rlilf> iisimPy not more than fitly feet liii;h. and hi'hiu.l these the country rises in lon^' slopes t(. Iimii iiioiinlMiii-. that reach tin I'c llioii-.;iml leri in lu'iulit and prrh;ips more. The whole is densely w.'.mIiiI Iroiii shore line to moiintaiii top, and only here and there art' there any si^ns of small val- li'\sto hrc.ik the uniformity ot' the forest of firs. Tile depth of wnter alonj; this shiire is (|iiiie ureal, hill iiol eiptal to that under the sontherii sliore of tin- strait, from r>onllla I'oiiit to the Soiiihrin Kiver the teii-falhom line is i;enerally less III, III half a mile from the shore; east u aid of ili.ii ii reaches out as iiiiicli as two miles in two ] ■laces hi fore reaching; Sheiiiiij;liaiii roiiil, w lure the deep water a^aiii comes close under the rhlfs. \'essels are ,ipt to lose much of the w iiid w hen close nm lei either shore; and the eiirreiits are ^Imiiu. hill stroii^'er under Ihe .\iiiiiicaii side. When healiiiy into the month of the strait we li.ive loiind a stroll;; ehh eiirieiit across the w hole hieadtl' that a\ ei aLied iiioie than three miles I'l lioiir. The deep channel, cans in.u o\ci one liiiiidrcd fathuiiis of water, which comes thrmi;,di liir strait, reaches a little fariiier west than roint i'loiiilla. and then turns sharjilv to the .soutli- 'I'liiliwcst, rnniiiii;;- south of the latitinie of Cape I'latleiy. The hinilfaU heliind I'oint Honilia is tlic iiioiinlaiii callcil " llotiseCoiie," which rises to a heij^ht "I two thousand live hundred feet. II is se\en miles from the lU'arest shore, and hears north I f ! ■.40 rArii'K" riAsT I'n.oT, Iliiity-sovtMi (Icfrrcos iMst (N. .'{7"" I'',.) iiiiu' iiiilcs IVoin tlic point, anil iiortli thirty tour il (X. M" W.) «'i;;lil niilt's tVoiii Owen I'oint at Pint Sun .liian. It is in — I.;ltiliiilc I- v.".! Ill II, i'j;iri's West l.iill;;ilMi|i' 1-Jl :!■.' :iii I'oiiil Hiinilld l.iijht houxe. — The siti' \viii<'li lias Ix'cii sclcftt'd li\ liic ( '.maiiiiiii ( !■ lor a lijilil lioiisc at tins puiiil is on a pron'ctioii of liir laml a little to tin- wt'slwanl ol wlu'ic a laiiilin'^ can lu' scciiit'tl. '\i tiiiiMin I' IliMlll. Mh *»! i i\ A ! rour SAN .MAN, VAN<(H"Vi;U ISLAND. This is the tirst lircak in tl'c nnilnrin sliori' liiir o"' llic noitli sliuic of tlicSiiii; ,>\ in,., insiili' tlio cut ranee. The niithlle of the mouth of the port hears north I ueiil \ sev en ile;;icc, c.is' (N. L'T ' I''.) thirteen anil a tliinl miles tVoin Tatoush l^lainl l.i;j;ht house. The month is one anil three fourths miles wnle, ami the harltor muiiitalns a u nil h ui (.n,. ihmI a i|naiter miles, with a ^eueial iliieelion imrllieast liy iiorlh tor four- miles to liie liiail. Sn ih, liarhor is hroail open to th.- heavy soMthwe-l swells of winter. Tatoosh Islainl I,i;;ht lioii>e is plainly visible from the harbor. When the port is sem iicm the elit ranee of I lie si I lit in clear weathel . bill with all tlu' lii^rli wooiled iiionnlaiiis of \ .iin mi,, i Island in elonil, the enliance lo San .Iiiaii Harbor is like a broad p.issuLie between hii^li «,i,„i|.,| hills on eaeli side, while in the east ward is seen t he depression throii;;li which the .'^oiiilii ii K'ui ■ eoiiics tVom the iiurlli and eastw.iid. The two points at the eiil r.iiiee iif the port lie west half siuitli and east halfiiorili linmijili other. That to the west is named Owen Point : it is a low roeii.v point with risiii;;- wooilnl .:i,.iiii,| In hind it. Outside of it a little more than two hundred yards there is a low, llal mcl, .1 <.(>/, u lii^h water. It is named Owen iJoek. The eastern point is named San tltian : il is a low nukv (trojeetion, and the land rises very slowlv behind il. Inside of this point and niidtr the north west shore of the bay foul i;ronnd and rocks c\iiiii| !,m a mile to the norlhcasi. Oin sinihi 11 rocA \iNible at the lowest tides lies ii'.lhe.isl i|iiail.i 1 ;s; (NIC. 1 I"..) ei;;lit hniidicd yards troiii the point and two hmidicd .iiid sevciitN li\e vaiils tiuin llic nearest shme. .\boiit tun liuiidrei' .ml lil'i> \ aids oil 1 side of I In' poiiil low.iids ( 'ape I'lalli r\ I In Olisirrntiirii li'iiil,s are lii;;li piiinuelcs with tun or Ihice I iccs j^iow iiiu on llieiii. ."-iiii.illci i.ick^in elo.se outside the pinnacles. Inside the point aiioiil a lliiiil of a mile and two I died and tifly yards olf llie recks s||, |,• t here is anoi hci red' pai tl\ oat of the wild : it is named llic I l.iiiiniond 1,'cct'. The Nliores of the ba.\ aie sleep, lii;:li, and rock> , and bickcd b\ liea\ily timbered lulls mik! iiiomitains. In vers ciear weallni il is dilliciilt to distiii^rnish theeiitianec at a disiaiicc. imlrvs one is ,ici|n,iiiitcd willi tlic localil.\, luit in model ,ilel\ lia/.,\ Wr alliei I he indcnlal inn l> I'.liliU made out. The head of the lia\ leiiiiiiiates in a sli;:ht leccdm;; beach ol iiinddy sand. Into the niiiUinii most an;;le ot the ba> f he ( iordoii llivcr einpl ies iliroii;;li the northwest end of I he ImmcIi. dn this river is a l,iry:i> Imli.in \illaL.'c called Onisni.ih.' t'oopcrlnlcl opens into 1 he iiorll.ci-.iir!i ailjile of the l>a\ al thesonllieasi end of the bcaeli. \ cl \ small co.istel s y enter Ihcse Mir.iiii^ towaids hi-h water, and tind ileplh and shelter within, .\cioss the entrance ol llu' poii a tli]ili of ten falhonis is found, except near Oliscrvatory Pocks,* elo.se to which .seventeen I, illieiiis .1 wal«'r is loiind. Oiilside II nti.ii to the jiort wc liiid from lift eeii to twenty lallioln-. n'' inside tlie boltoin is veiy ie;;nlar 111 se\eii to t.'li f.ithnins up to the held, w here it diri. .-!> eveiilv to four, within half a mile of the beach at the head, from which a tl.it extemlsoiit si\ Imu died \ai( III locks, a!id Weather a liea\> fathoms. Tiie bollom is line, miidd\ sand. The eastern side of the poi It has II s| lllllllllrl a mill cliannel course clears cm r\tliiny; well. In moderately heaxy soiiilnil) rolls slrai,i;lit in, and the .swell breaks when il reaches depllis ol li'iii .Miliiiiij;li il is priiliiilili' iiM'swj Willi (jddil i;r"iiiii| Imkli' we nil) mil' nut :i uMr il' aiiilmrri' 111 tin- in -l-li. \i:n I, II In I t\ no iiiraiiM rcrodiiiin iliil III niiiiiiii lliii. "'Ill iiiiy iiiiliialiiiii iilMu 11 wralln r, Iml Iuvmi- iliiili l.\. iiiiil 11' oiiUmihI IhmiiiiI liiKi'i'U Bliilhr in Nii:ili ll.iy. Ilir rtilr.iTiii- In « li; !; Iir.ir.s liniii San .lintii wiv.t, li 11 iiinl :i liiili' 1,1,1, , ilisiaiii. li.>,ii| ainliniie^.' wi II 111- I'nniiil aliiiiit iiiir iiiil a ijiiailii iiiili-i Innii 111'' I ■ till' I. i\. Willi ihMii Ihlaiiil lir.i fatliiiiiis. 1 li'ii lianls.^ lin^ MiiillnMNl, anil A'l.' Ili.nl. mi tin' n|>|" 'A ol' \',Hm mil, I i> lii;.'ii \t ||.,| I' Siinilii i,> |,'n,.| imrili I'll. II, , ,i,|| WlKllllll -I, ,1111, 1 I Idck «/'i,iv/, II I IS ;i \i>\\ ii,i Ki I'llrks l'\li lui !,,] isl i|M;n i. i I , ^:imIs IViiiii il. pi' i'l:ltl.i\ III, llllllIlT lill'k> llr lii'Icil liill> ,i: Ishllicr. iDil,'.- illiiiii |> i,,i,lii\ i> till' Imi ■ III I! Ill' lir.li II (!• I' imlllii'.i'.i, I ■ 1 Ill'Sf .sIliMlli- ' jMii r ,[ ilij ; I't'll hlllioiii-, , .■ t'.itlmii,-. ,i: ' If II ill i l.s mil M \ lit!: ' li'iisl iiiiiiiliii i\y Miiillii il; ji'liij,. ,.■ ' 'I- ir llMxtnlli'il, ri'' lowilyli null'. It ,hiun MMi' ', I . IVoin IIm> 1 . ' « ! 1 ^ ^ituiffl'' ■ fflHi' fflBBBjl ; ^ 1 ii V li ' i ' 1 i . .JVJ^'J^ -*;>«■'—.•■! '•-■^JBk^ ■ '■«<*»?■■ ■/?^ •'*vii; :, V ■iM'^:~'"' ■■ '■ :■, I' ■:r>f'''*v*'-:'l-''"'^'"' ^i'f'^r-^v'^f?'''^''""' roiiit li.millii, N. by K. J E.. lOJ miles. '" ^j^'j^»i';'jgrja^!ei%w^wiiiM&^i i iiiJ 't mM^^mff '- WiT'^'n"--^^ Western ( oast of Vaucoiivor. -c ^mx n^^ "-=— " -a^-g^fc*?^- ■ *-- ■^^- -^^f^^fT^- • /...?^%i^.^- — --s-ii^fTr- .%■'.- Owen Point, NE. i E,, 17 miles. San Juau Harbor. :--, t ^v?' ?• .:s- '6':-";rS#!^''" "*''--~^-- . Tx--. -Vj-r ySS??*i.- r"-:/^v .■ >*. '--'■. -W -i^ag:iwy^:jg!Ffl?>i^'IS|ltg^^^ R' lileg. ^.,*..,.^... .^i-TBt; '■■''■■ ^W^gi fefiiat a t?a : - ^p^b ^g^y ^ ^ ^ ML s a^ ^ ^fT i^j ^yJT a Western ( oast of Vancouver. i| ['I'S,.- mi' ili'l '■ i^- ^ Mi *iM< •■ !]^ :H 14' ' 1 ' ! J:| :, ■ ■!■ 'i'li'i ; <$ 1 1, i I'Aciiir CMAST i'ii,or. 541 I'Im' <'iinsiirt, I'oMiicrl.v a siipiil.v sliip in llu- [Jiiilvd Sditcs Kx|>l(iriii'; Kxpcdilmii, diilU'il inlo .1,1- viciiiit.\ in a riiliii and anrliort-d, and a lar},'C swoll coming in witlioni uii.v winil slio parted lii'i cliains ami was lost. riic cspciicncc nC tin- American Inndier vessels sailing' tn this strait warns tlu'tn in'Ver to .iiijio.uli llie noitliein slnne of tlie entianee, lor tlu^ peenliar set of tlie euiients and tlu' lar},'e, li(.u\ swell wliieli m'lH ii|i without wariiinj,' and in a culni, {^ives iliem small clianee from {loing jslitn-e. We liiive expel ieneed an enormous swell eoniin;; into the eulranee to the strait, with a slKiii^' eurienl runnin;;- out on the lai';;e elili and not a hn-alli of air. flie api>roxinuite {{eo^jraphieal position of the Observatory Hoeks is — l-atitmlr Is :;i' ;!(('■ ikiHIi. liUllHilllllc r.'l V'S' l.'l" WCMt. Mcares, in ITSS, first noted this lia.v in Ins map, and ealled the western head I'oint llawks- ,in. II was entered li.\ <,>iiimiier in I7!K>, and named VA I'nerto de San Juan; N'aneonver, in M.n . I Tit-', sireti'hed over to this shore and plotted it on his chart with the nanu- 8au .Inan, which I,, nil rwaid learned from (Quadra. It has I'ctained <^»ninipei"s name. It was surveyed by the I iiiii'il Slates Kxploriuj; l''xpedilioii in ISIl, and by Kellelt in ISI7. '\']ir iiKisI liiii idntinuil fiiiiii INii't San .luan is almost nnbriikeii to Sherrin^hain I'oint, distant nMhiy three and a half miles exactly east. The shore is moderately low, rocky dill's without I.I ,11 h, and backed by densely wooded, risin;; hills. It is notable that there ai-e no bri;;lit elilVs, but the forest, ('(tines down to tin) water's ed};e ; iiMJ I here appears no si^^ii of pxicnsive forest (ires. I'lurith iici- Corv is a slijfht indentation nearly three miles east of I'oinI San Jnan. It is open It. fill' Miiith southeast, and al its head receives a small monntaiii stream. It is only lit for boats. jiiiir a mile outside of it tloMleplh of water is twenty I'allioms. Siiiiiliiid Cure. — Al seven and a (juarlcr miles east from I'liinl San .liiaii is the easlern point III I icci'ssion of the shore-line for half a mile to the ninthward. It is a bi;;lit bi'oad opeii to the Mill ill ward. It receives a small stream caUcd Soinbrio lliver, coiiiin<;' in from the east ward, oil' the iiiiiiith iif which is an extensixe icef. There is a depth of ten I'alliDUis within half a mile of this i.il. I'rcPiii llie eastern jMiint of this co\e the twcnl.\ fathom line bei,'ins to strelch olf shore in.ii Iv I wo miles anil I hen runs eastward ncai ly parallel u ith the shore lo abreast the opening' of liii' .liiiilan lliM'i', when it moxes into Sheniii^ham I'oint. I'liere is a small rocky islet close In 'he point of the Sombrio ImljIiI. Two or three miles east 111 Snmbrio Itiver there is a piece of broken and exposed clilV, and this is not a usual I'catnre alorijr ilii' iiiii'th shore. llie /I'iccc ./<)(■.'/((» is scxentceii and a half miles east fidin I'oinl San .Inaii, and nearly six iMiIrs \sesl from Shcrrin;ihain rojiit, with an inlermcdiale jiitinl projectiu:; oiusiile of Sherriii;; ii 1 I roint. The river is said lo be a coiisitleialile strean niiiiiir li'oiii the hi.nh. wooded hills, .iihl ihere are lar;;e deposits o! abraded malerial on each sule of the cnlrancc. \ essels working; up the sirail al ni<;lit and bonnil for N'icloiia or the Canal ile llaio nnisl be 1,111 III! Mill to approach the iiorlli shore so as lo sliiil in llace Island li;;ht by liceehey Head. I 111- liuhl is lirst visible jnsi \\cs|«:iitl of Shell in.uham I'oint. Nearly three miles wesi of Sherriii;,'liam I'oint there is an nnnanicd point projecl in;;' out wlien I Mssil is closi^ inshore; the shore, recedes half a mile on the west side, anil a hill lies nearly a II ill III the iKU'thwai'd. I 1 , m. i I KlIi:KIvIN(ill.\M rolN'l', VANCOrVI'.K ISl.A.Nll. This is .i rocky iioini wilh rocks under il, and very diep water williin a ([iiarler of a mile. I i'< ) I'Acikk; cuAsr i-inn. is ii liiv;lt, ii;,'ii llir striiil, nil ili part of llic IuikI om citlici' Hiiif » ill Itr rliMr, Iml ijir ninmitaiiis w ill Im- liiililcii in cIdihI. I'liis |iiiinl, IidIIi tor its lu'i;.'lil and tlii' iiaic tid;;!', is inure imiaiilc tlian Ilit- |Hiiiit> t and to till' \M'sl. Kastwai'd nl Sli('niii;;iiani I'oiiit the slioit- icrt'dt-s n<'aii\ nut- nnli' lo llic noi ih in .1 \, H I'll 1,1:^1 1114 >i\\\cl K' illir to OlliT I'liinl. w hull is a lililr itMT loiii' mill's I'ast liall' iimili I'min lli<- tuiinii. Oni llii'sr |Miiiils liii' dcjitli of waltT icatjifs Iwciil.v raliinins, init dcci(M.-r> i,i|iidl\ In lliirf 1,1, ii,,!,,. wliii'ii, (III t .<■ i'ast\\.ii'd siilr III' till' |iiiiiit and williin mii' and a hall inilrs nl' Oiii r rnii'l, l\M> t!iiid> III' a mill' iilV shiMi'. In a niiic and a hall' ra-t iit° Siirninuhain I'mni ll lli'ld III' ki'lp. Two III' llin T siiiall sirranis nili'i this Imiad lii;;lil. It is a i|iii'stiiin wlir'iiii'i' 4(tiiiin|iri aiirliiiird lirii' in IT'.M); il so, Shri i'in;;liaiii ruini i!:^aii I'lnsi'liin, ami (MIri Point was naipi'd San Antniii". I' .irlii'ii M'll' is ,1 -111, ill «as iiiiiicil. nril'.i; I'nlNI. SdiiKI. I'.AV, V A NCdfVKI! ISLAND. ■I t ■ I '.' If 'f This is a sliarp. rorlv.v pmiit. ainiind w liii'li aii' rlustcri'd a };iH(d manv I'orKs ; I nit iiiii-.ii|. ihi -^ daii;;ris ihi' Imttnm iliiips 111 iwi'iit.v rathiiiiis in Irss lliaii a third ol' a mih'. Itrhind this pniiit tlir land rises in a hill;:, wiiiidcd ri(l;;i' riiniiiii;; iioi'tliward, Inn 11 . ;i,,t iii'ar sii piiiiiiiiiriit a pnint as Shi'irin^lMiin. imr so lii;;ii. Ih'tNM'i'ii < H Irr roiiil and Siiiitary l>l.iiid tlii' roiiisi' is rasl Ihii'i'ipiaitrrs mnlli Ini' linii .iii,| tliiri- I'oni (lis mill's, and on this liiii' tlii' di'pth uC watri is as miii'h as tliirlv livr lathoiiis. Inn i|r. rri'asi's rajiidlv towards thi' short'. i.ast III' till' point tlirii' is a modi'iatrly di'rp lii;;lil. wliii'li at its I'asti'ni aii;i;l<' Ini'in- ilm i-nliaiii T to SooKi' InU't. It is lalhil Sooki' r>a\, and at I wo and tlircr ipiartcrs mill's imi iIh iq, I'loiii (lUcr I'oiiit. in till' di't'pi'st part ot' tin- liav, tlirrr is a ;,'oi>il wati'iiny; plai'i' at till" tliHs. 'IV, ll, ;i It is ipiitc iirolialiji' that this was tlio imint San Auto; of (,)nimp('r in l7!Ht. X'i'ssi'ls may anrlior in this liay in liiir wratlu'i in i'i;;lil to ti'ii rathiims ol' watrr at hall < 1 I'loin till' sliorr, imt tlirn- is ri-porii'd to lie a rorky pali'li a littir over hall' a mih' lo ihr . i->; northrasl ol' (Mtrr I'oiiit witli a di'pth ol' lixi' i'athoms iiisidi' ol' it. In Iravin;; this lia> .1 \r^M| innst lia\i' pli'iily ol' wind and liavr watrhlnl raii- tor tlii' rnrrriits. •,>iiiiiipi'r aiii'liort'd in this liiirht on tlir Ultli of .Inly. I7!M». ||t> ;;av(' it no naini'. SKiiKK IM.l'.T, VA.MOI VKU LSI. AM). I'lciMi Slirrriii;;liam Point to Kcii'iii'y llradihr distanct' is elfvcii and oiii' loin ih iiiiir^ iii.l till' lieaiin;,; r.ist lialf iioiih. \Vi' lia\r alrrai|,\ drscrilu'd tlio imlriitations lirlwci'i; .Shell ii'uii. hi Point and (liter Point and Ixtweeii Ot'er Point and Seen'taiy Island. In the eastern nn Ir .1' the 1. liter iiideiii.it ion is the month of th(( very crooked, nairow eiitrance eailed .SnoKi !i.i leadiii;; to the lar;;e land loekcd sheet of water named Sooke Itasiii.* ( •lie mile to the southeast ward of this en I ranee tliere is a lar.ue roeky islet, known as .s, , . ■/.,/ /.s7(7, Ixiii;; apparently one width or one liiindied and lifly yards oil the rorky from 1! ;' ''■ I'os.sis.iion, lint in leality it is four hniidred yaids olV. As seen from the strait it is a lnown. ",i;' islet risin;.^ witli Imi;; slopiiiy; sides. It has a roeky faie and a lower point on the outer m ~''i'h Hide. There are liiishes ami low sernli on the eastern side, and on the sonthwi'sl slope tlni. i' no Imi^Iji's. The l'',ii;:lisli eliart says it is one hniidred and twent\ feet hi;,'li, hut it does imi n i 1 so lii;^li. Tlii'ie is ili'e|i watii close to till' oilier sidi'. and even lietween it and the point iImh - II depth of twinly tive fathoms. This lar;:i' islet is a ;.;ooil landmark for making,' the Sooke Inlet from the west : tin i' > liiokeli liii;:lil yellow ilitV eslimaled lo lie from i'i;,dity to one hniiiiied feet hi;:li west w ai'l ' inlet and about aipiailer milt' Ion;,'. As there is no other hare liroken clilV on the im': ' side of the strait exei'|it two or tliree miles east of .Soinlirio Hixir, this mark is iiolaMi'. I ■''■ this yellow elilVa low sand Hpit makes out northeast for half a mile across tlm eiilraiiic I" "" " Inlet. To the eastward ol' this spit is tlii'pussa;ie which is only one or two hmidied y .nil ' with an iirei.'iilar roeky liotlom and some sunken Till' I'liirents inn with ;;ri'at v 1 and a llioioii;,'li knowle«l;it! ofthe.se and the channi'l is necessary to enter this |ilai'e. " Ailiiiir.illv rli.irl. L-17. 'Ilii' |iiiiiiiii'iialii>ii nf llii' iianir .SmiKr i,s i-MU'll.\ llial dI' llin i:iigh.',li wiml Till' liiilKiii \Miiil iK I 'miI>. W mil. :ill III.' i,,M,,, <'liiii(l. |)iiiiils til I ill' I'a.sl ll III ;i lull; rill ^,1 !■• < '11 I III' iiiir III I" llilvi' l.i.liniiis <■' I'OII'I. ll.ll'lllJ IlK'ir i> ,1 .|ii,,|| I'lHIII U.|> ||,|||||.(I lull Olll^hl,' l|||.^,j ili'd, lint II s |„,| (Hill Idi luiii Hiny flltllOIIIS. Illlt lli'j an;;l;' liii'iii^i IJi S lllilcs l|llll||,',|^|< n'f at a liic.ilv 'III . ^ It'i' at li.ili .1 iiii:ii^ llillc 111 till' I ,|n|. this li;i\ ,1 \r>M.l| mil'. rnllllll llllil'.s ;ll|ili I't'll .Sill i I llii;||,||||| cMStcl II ailv'll' nil llcil .SlKlNc lllll't own as s,( n hiijil y fniiii I'l l''^llltl is a \)\i\\\ II, li.iii? ic (inter or M';itlil it sldjlf Illi'lr lllnj it (Iocs iml -ri'iiij lie |)i>iiil llnir i.il :, S Wi'Sl ; llii'l'i' I-. .l| ui'sl w iinl I'l Mil'] (III llir liiilMii'l ll j ^ iiiilalili'. i'l'iiiil iitraiicc 111 S'liiKi' Ircd \ai(l^ '.< i'lf. j ll •XVVAt \i JM. Il\, jiImcc. W'li' !i ii I Lrll.'^il udi.l - — mpwj. ■ :j- . •■ v^ mi ats F BX '. «»iK»ftS?I"''*4l HIierriiigliBiii I'nint (or lieyond), W8W., IB miluH. Otter PoiDt. '^^■X>^. »***«*» ■■^:-■^:^A'!!lWSS£iS!l •I''"*!,. ■■V*^.-jjJ^;, ;V,;(„J 8h(4pli -^ivI^iH.-... ..-'.'■^'" ■'^i ■ --:;;-3fflft|^il BaoherBay. Secretary lalaud. CapeChurob. g^- i)j| i w l HMCTHiB B gJU i g i !L i > i .l-'" f^ ^^ lw ^^J ^i j TgM Vi Mount Miles. Beechey Head, NK. l.y E. i E., Ifi miles. .„..%- ■"i^-' '^iv***.. Mount Miles, E, by S.,95 miles. '*' ! (' \\'{ * II m *n-: i^Ai Mount MiU'N. N. ) y..,-ii umU'h. Koiiki? Iiilnt. Vaiiuuuv<-r Isliuid. -s......... Ill) lit ^., l«!.ii|i Hi i !..(.. I'l'llllllik l«l;in(i (ciolill!. hcwiii,] Niiilli liiivk. l>'a'<- Uni Ks l.i;.||| h,. lIMr. M: In |. ., „^^ McMHlt Mllcd, H:u>- K..,k« l,i;;i,l ||„,|s|.. (•:. |,v f N ,- 11. il.' .V;?^^., *"i ■■;>■■■ "Vt^v- ItlM 111 I liiiV Mil. II, t s\:,H. lli'MlllIlk InLiiiil Kao- IC. ':&, 11 !• Kill Ks i.i;;iit iiiMiMi-. N i: In K.,:tii.i ^ !|i. ,.j « *^^tJ*^V 'J. " . !(; . ' 1 ^ } N ,-ii.;l.> .•JKI". f W ! ;, '• <; M- ii SiMikr Irl>'l link InUhU Kh>'' K '•,<«« I. i^'liiti' Nt |N ,11 It'll.-.. I'A(!IIU; (,'»>AST I'lLOT. 543 ili'liHi of It'll t':itln>iiiH is struck olV (ho ciitriiiico, a Iii^'Ii hill, iiiiincd ^[(iimt MiiKiiiic,» will Ixnir ;i1miiiI imiilitMsl. It i^ iiiiif liiiiidrcil and forty firt in licifjlit iind is i»aitially covcicd with scnibity (i-A iiio, liMl the liari' rock sliows distiiM^tly in many jilaws, and this ffaliin! now (■(iniiiii'iitH's to (Ii>ll!i;;iii-^h till' southeast part of Vancouver Island. The I';n},'lish cliart of the inlet and basin will -ivc the necessary directions. When tliu survc,M:i."; hrif; VituntUrnij was in the liasin slits IClMillll wc.-lein vc the necessary tliret:tioiis. When tlio surve,M:i."; hrif; VnnnUn'mj was in the liasin si 1 that vessels can nt)t fonie out with any wind hlowiiif^. Tiie Wv^ drojiiied out close untlt!rtlr [Miinl, t>i Whitfen Sjiit, liy lieavin;; tln^ aiu-lior sliort and letting' the vessel tlrop wilh the, ciuieiit, and keepin;: steei'a;;t' way on hei' to prevent her '^w\ iiurlii .--n le of WhilVcn Spit. Sciiike Inlet was first entered by (iiiim]ier on the I'.ltli of .Inly, IT'.M), and he describes it very Ui'li. lb' sa\ s il alVorded his vessel an ailmirable shelter. On the I'.id he took possession of tin; niiin;i> in the iianie of the Kiiij; of Spain and iiar- . ,, uns I my I'.l i'lierto de llevillo (li^'edo. lie il !(> be lowed out and then to anchor off th ICC (III aci'oiiiit (if calms }liiiiiil MiKjidrc, already mt'iitioiiid, is (|iiile a laiidmaik on this shore, because it is the first iiiniiiitiiiii made on the Vancouver coast in coniinj; fnnii the westward which is not. covered with .1 ihiise j;rovvtli of the ()ie;;on lir. It is nine hundred and forty feet liij,di, lies only out* and two- IliihU miles back friMii I'oint Possession, and is noticeable as bein^covered with scrub oak and ,i;li. 1 >tiiiilcil trees, tlii(mt;li which the bate rocks iirotrnde. Il lies six and tlireefourtlis miles \M>I two thirds north (U'. -I N.) fiom Kace l>laiid l.i;;litlioiis('. IlKI'.llll'.V III, \ll, VVNCorVKK ISI,.\M). ■j'liis is the roiindiii}: rocky point nearly live miles sonlli sc\eiityseven (le;;re('S west (S. 77'' \\ . fiiiiii Kace Island Li;;IiI house. It rises rapidly from the water to about three liniidred feet Willi I lie pi lie forest dense oil the weslerii side, a .scrubby t; row ill of iiiiics uii lop, and b. re brow n .Itches showiiiLT lhl'oll;;ll the trees on the soiilli face, 'I'lierc is no rock olf th ace of the Mill. I'liree miles to the westward of it is the entrance lo Sooki^ Inlet, and on its easlerii side I'.ieclici lia\. r«('liiiid il the 'and rises |bi two ami two lliinls miles, in .Mmiiit Maf^nire.t nine siliilici 1 and foit\ feel, and lyiii;; iiorlhwesl from the point. lie shore is bare and roek,v in pal'hes, Willi iipeiiin^sof laud co\eied w illi fern ami desi il iile of lues; anil the hmises of settlers Ai' lierc aii.l there located in iileasant nooks. Tlieliif^hcr hills are wooded, w iili baro area.i of link shdwiii;;' tlirou;,'h. < Ml ilie head the depth of water is\er\ ;,Meai and tweiil.v fathoms is found at a hiiinlied .\ arils liiiiii ilie era;;};y face of tlu^ jioiiit. The currents are very stroiii^and iiieuular at the chaii,L;e of |!ii- ill i"ii( jiiii^r the bold 11. Ill iiii'ii carried away. Ill the older charts , It two in tliiee miles siiiilh sonlheasl (SSll.) from lieecliey Head deiitlis le. In this vicinity a I'liited Stales re\ cniie-ciil ter diirinj: densely smoky weather lepinted •(' with her ll\iii^' Jibboom, and only struck her t'orefoot after the Jib bi»oui hnndrid and lifty f.ilhoms are uiveii. biii the latest cvamin.itioiis report only oir ■I .iiiil loiir fathoms. hundred Tlie a|ipid\iinate ;;eo;'rapliic,il |ios'lliiii of liccchcy Head i.s l,.iiiiiiili' I. iiiiili 1- IS 111 I ii.irlli. I-,':; :!',! -y, »rst. Il was named alter the Mn^rbsli ii.i\ i;;.iloi. Capi. I". W, I'iccchcy, It. N. i!Ki;iiir.i; itw \ am'iuvi'i; i-i \mi. riiis ba.\ lies to the easiwaiil of I'.ieehe.N 11 rail, wilh ('ape ( liiiicli or Siiiitli Head ami Ilie n icUV Islil^iill II lot lii;iikiiiLC iheeaslein pr il. Tllesr islcl.- ' 'lyx Cliiirdi is the outer point. W C esliiii.iled il ti uiMiiled and tianied tlie lltil/oil lulits. two hiimlied and tiflv feet liiuh, wilh 1.11 k\ Islel II rocky face, tpiilc sleep, with palchcs of pine on the Hanks, and a feu pines on lop. Two iiiiilcr Ihcililf tli.il lliev are iml disl in;;uisliablc lioiii il when a \essel is s are so close A'liiuialtv cliall, 1-17 I '11 Ilie Ailluir lilVili.llI, I'.'ilT. .il' .•^■H>l>i' Illlrl llir ll.llll il' tills iii.Miiiluiii IS Mi'tiilirr, uiitl till- lieii^lit j;ivi-ii in I'lli'il .'|Mll\ In I. 514 PACIFIC COAST I'lLOT. onetirfwo miles oiitsiilo. Ilcncc for one mile to tlie west iiortliwesi, to Sniitli llc;i.l. ii,,,, ,,„, tliree or lour nick.v islets. The outer one is.slioiit twenty tive teet lii;;li. ami Imre nuK ; ih, ml,,., one is hare loek, ami li\(' or ten feet lii^'Ii. The entrance of this lia.v is one and one Ihinl miles wide, ami it rnns liack wiili the >.iii.. mi1|!, for oiM'and a half miles. The shores are verv roeky and .iaj;.i,'ed and ;,'uariled on ihc r.i,i, n, ,j,|, li.v nian.v roek.v islets. Two l.truc islets lie in the nortUern |i.irt of ijje l>i\. |'| i,,. ,,, ^\^ iiorthea.-t an;;ie is l''ra/er Island, ami thai in the nortliwes' is Wolf l-ianil. Th.' |ia^>a-e I.. ili. aneliora;;e is between these two islets. Willi Iwenlv fathoms cf water, and after passm- I'ln/i s Island Ihe eonrse is northeasterly for three i|narteis oi a n:ile. where' aneliora;;e is hid m |,| fatliom.s. with the center of Fra'^r IslamI lieaiiii;,' sc nth southwest, ilisianl a .|iiarii'i n\ ;, imi,. The .>a\ is inelo.sed liy rocky hills, bnt it eannit he recommended as a nitod .inehoia-c. It ;ilViiIil» 1111 nrrat slii'lliT. \Mlli a s.iiiiIiit1> ur w rsliily >v in ',, -iinl vis-i|,< out « anl liiiiiiul hail lii'llii nut. ,11;. Willi! Ill I'arn Hay. linn- iiiiirs In llir innili imitliwr-il nl' ilir Mm,- |; m Us, VimmIs luiiiiul lip till' strait slioiiM pass tlir laiiil alimil ItiTilii .v lliail at a ilistaiirr ut I wi' iiiilis il' i!ii. ,,],;. ,, ^;ii iiiitsiili' till' li'acr Islaiiils. ( I.'irhanls. » Mount Mills. — This is a moderately hi^;li, nmml topped hill lyiii;;' williin half a imie 1,1 ,|„ shore just east of t'.ipe ("liiiich. It has |iroliahly heiii hiiiiil over and shows no trees liir i.*,, tliiuls of its lieiu'hl from the >iiiiiiiiil on its southwest f.ne; hut a -.1 i.i^'i;liii;: forest in, lh i|,, westein slope moi" than half wa\ up, and another eliimp on the mniiierly side in ai |.i tin siui; mit. Il is a leatiire ■ . the a|iproaelii's to the K'ace loicks, and lies two miles wesl li\ nuiih 11,1111 Uaee Island ',i;,'ht house. It is about the hnndicd or six hundred feet liitrli. Till-; 1!A in e\teiil and l\\eiit.\ li\e feet above the sea. The innermost islet lies li.ill a ini fioiii the nearest point ol riintini U Is' 'id, w liich is a low wooded island one mile Ion;; clus. inili : the N'aiieoinei shore. Tliroii;;h this hall iiiile passa;,'e theie is very broken bottom from in it\ si\ lathom.s, with stroii;.'. iire^'ular currents. The outermost \isible rock outside the Ia;;lit Iniisi' - a little oNt-r a mile from I'.eiitinck Island, but stretchin;; soulheastwardl> theretiom tor liaif a im, the bottom is \fiy irie;;iilai with two points of f S. S.) from the la;;ht house. The eurreiits rush around and throii;;li ihe islets and o\ ei the reefs witli;;re.it '. irie;:ularity as we lia\e measured. In li),'ht airs a sailin;,' vessel must ;;i\e these .1 berth. es|)eeially if the iiirrent is ebb. because it sets stron;^ly towards them. .^1 .., ■ • lia\e drilled Upon the roe Is in a calm, and there is little chance for escape. l*i b.ul acUIh 1 Ii ellirelit I Ips ,ire d.lllL'elons. There i.s kelp ainou); the islets mi the northwest side towards lieiitinck Island. i.Kiiir Udisi'; ().\ Tin; hack kdcks. Th'- tower on the ^leat itaee Uoek is tile fri'stiim of a cone lisiii;; ahoiii a hiindrcMl let » the lock and one hundred and eighteen leet above lii;.;li water, and si me the l.si d.iy ol ' '' ' " t'Slil. It h.i.s bei'U p, tinted in allelli.ile hoiiv.onliil hl'.iu I- > mis of lil.ick and while, 'iiiin an- Mm iiaiids painted black and I wo bands wliite. The lanterii and li.x.iireH are iiainied red. ili mmmm tmm •lead, iliciv aiv ' I'"!-!'; Ml. luii,., Ii '111' sail, I ',Mii||| I'll' ''il^li III su\r I ln' (Pllr III 111,. '• passa^r I,, III,, I passiii- |.-,.,,,, ^'<' !•< Iiail 111 (I'll lIlT llf .1 lllll,.. Illclllll,l_i 1.1 l..'ii,i > ,„• ., |.,|, llll'^ if Illl.DiliHj ,,, til' a mill' 1,1 ,|„. iiii Irccv iipi- 1 ui lll'^l Ill's I'll III, Ileal In III,, sum iluiiM,' ;'> V dill' ;lli,l .1 I, ,.| lit Is lll'IV ,11 lis 'llllD.st i!,ili;;i'l III I'a.st lllrlcll,iMi. • I'i.siimiii.ili iiiiii Cllllll.lll '1 111 ,1,1 ■»' ijllitr Inn. :i:ii| -t is aliniii ilirci' ■ lic.-i hall a mill' Ion;,' ciiis,' iiiiili I III rioiii iiiiii\ i(, If l,i;;lil iiiill.scis I I'di half :i inili' lic.sc il.ii! ', r. !.- lilc .s,.lll I., twi'iiiv : i.-llh.iv lis lit a M;i!i r.i-; (lljuipic Kuiijjd in ctiMulH .Stri|,ml I'.'ak, I li.ii'i,' S l,v -di^,, ',110 foot, 7 iiiilos. lOllMO, \V.iN.,| IIIJlM. !' ■f. ca! ■ ' • Whir ,s.,i,ni.; ws.M'l hmI well 111 i till- 'm^^^mk- ffe jH-r- •^.^..j lllVll I.Ti il.l.V 111' O'ImI" Tlicii' an- till' iiiicil ri'il I' l^ll■l^^< Ij^llt i" • I'., i i:,, 1+ inilo .-.. ,. .. ■ji TTiilI MiiiiimiHiliai (>\\ n |iic Kiiti^;,» W , J N,, } mjie. li**?*!^' "*» :^ <**i...:ln^ Diiiinhin iNliiiici, iir Crilar ll'll. ilil ' fc.'l. RttCB i;i« ■-■ I. ;;lil-lii)iise, N. bjK, » f It tniles. i' -i s 1 1 ' ' 1 t 1- > f '. li , 'I r ^v. I' I \ HHi^Bli rAciiic cdAsi ni.cir. ryi; •|M'r"-. ihvt'lliiit; lioiisc is nC stKiic ;inil two stniirs li ij;li; il I ii's nil llii' hiiiilwMiil side (if III)' ti VM r in, I , i,,s.' Id it. Till- rool' III' tlic ilwclliii;; is iii'iuly mi :\ Irvd witli tlir iiinlill.' of Ihr Niwcst lilai-k ( )ii<' or t\M> small \vliili> Imililiii' IT (III IIki iKiillicasi part III' till' i(iil< riic illiiiiiiiialiii;: aiiparatiis is nf tlii> sccdiiil order .if thr ssstciii nf I"icniii.|, ami \l,,lilli(| .laimaiy I, ISdl. || is a irhilt liijlil uliiih nlinir-. •' Inii/lil Ihixli , rvni !■ was fust // till anniiils tliroUi;li \ iii;;lil friim siiiisct to siiiiiisf. I Mili'i ta'dialilc ('(imliliciiis of I lie alm(is|i|irli' il sIkhiIiI Ii III (I'i't III a ilislaiM'(> (Il HI. I mill' 'Jli li'i'l al a ilislaric'i' nf 17. i'. iiiili' ;iii (>-r\ al a ilistaiiir ,A I-,- imlr ■ , as follows: l"iiiiii'li' I- IT .':'. .:. iH.iili. l.i>iiUilii 17 cast with Md aiiiiiial (•liaM''c, as the ;itiiiii lias readied its iiiaximuin I'l'iiiii I lie K'aee Island Li'^lil Iki ISC \\c have the lollduiiii; licaiiiius and distances td iin|iortant. sIicitIiikIiii'ii rciiit s. -;n w. 'r.atciiisli Islaiiil l.i;;lillinii.sc s. \V. I'll lar I 'ill III S. I.'i'il liiiiiv nil' Cii'sri'iil llav I..I1.' lliM.K l.iMJit.l,, S. •Ji; \V. S. Til K. 1 ss l,i;;|||.|ll)||SC V.ASX . Niw liiiiij I'llilll Wilsilll l.l^lllllllllNI Ailiiiiralty Head I.i^IiI-Ih i'ailriik'i. IlaiiU ItlaiU Itii Siiiiili'i NIaiiil I.i^lil-lioiiT N. 1;; N. -4 1:. N.^ll 1-: N. TJ( !•: W. I.slaiiil eir Waliiiuii-li Iha.l, Kus.inn Sliail. iiMciivcn I--laiicl l.i;;li|.liiiiisi' Vii iiiria I.i;;lilliciiisr N.al !■;, N. ;uu V. N. I.-. V. 1; ijUI mall l.i;;li|.liiiii.si' N. |l'> llllli'M. I-J lllill'H. •.'Ill iiiilcs. till iiiili'N. II mill's. I" llllll'.S. Wih, lllil<'!4. X\ iiiilcs. 'JTi| iiiilrN. '.TJ miles. •Jll liillcs. I li. mill .s. '.^ iiiili'.i. ~\ iiiilt'H. I'Oti AI.AKM SKINAl, Al' KACK, KlK'KS. A III;: si;;iial has liceii estalilislicd al this l.i;;lit liiiiisc. The tiist diie, ill 1S7L', was a fojjiicll. ■I' \il;:iisl IS, I.S.S-J, a twelve inch sliiuii fiiiiirhisllr lias liceii in use. It is placed elo.se under -•iiiillicast side of the Liuiit house, a ml is sniiiidcil diiiiii;: ^'"'A'A)' iiml siiinky weather with i\ls of fir, siroiiih iliiriiliiiii, irltli intirrnh ufniii- miniitr iiiul tinlrr si'mtiils hitinrn tlir lilnsts."' I.'iiir Rni'hs I'lissdi/r. — 'riierc is a clear passay:e of t wo lll'ths of a mile in width hctwccn the iiiiiist (if the K'ace I.'neks and the lockv shore of lleiitiiick Island towards the iiortlnvest. It li.l-- .1 Imi tliiin df ver\ \'aiialilc depth I'loiii thills In si\ falhniii i siiiall I .■•liaiiii'lH IVom llie wr-.i'.v ant nil .iikI Im'i'II iIii- hiiiil aliiiaiil al Dial ilisi.ai II iii_' II' I iki' lliiM |ia.-.Ma;;i' .sliiiiilil |i.ism Willi ill lial f 11 mill- iif ('apr Cliiirrli III I Mil null lii'iiiiiick Nl.iiiil I « liii'li "ill 111' iiiaili' Hill as Mcjiaratril rmm llii' V.iiiriiiin'i' Mliiiri' liy a iiaimw ilianni'l lull nl' ii>rl,«i, vvluii riiiiiiinK Islaml ^Imiilil In- a|i|iiii:ii Inil Inuilliiii mii'- li'iirili nl' a mill', m Jiisl imNiilr lln- Krlji. Sliiiii'' (III rents mil tlir(iii'.;li this passaj^c and with iiiiich irrc;;iilaiil y. When the ciirreiif is I'lili -nine nf the larji'c steamers from \icl .imi p.iss it ill ten miniilcs. nria lull Hid mil of Ihc str.iil run tliron;;li the passii;;'c I miir ordinary eirciii:,t,in"es a sailin;; vessel slinuld iini apiirnach liiis passaj;'i Ivs >\ iiliin a mile or I v n. or the Itiiec A (,isr may arise. Iiiiwevi' , eiili.'r iiiwaiil i>r 'iitwaril liniiinl. vvli'ii a ve.ssel oveilakeii liy a Hlnini; wmllieasl wiiiil niiiiiil ill) lii'lii r III iiiii llii.ii:;li than risk weallnriii;; iIh litlik Man. I sliniv si j.l In- k. i.i ..I, l.'aie li'i.i'k In less lliaii a mile; if sn llie lien III.' Il llle illshi if iH.i ea I.I,.-. .11 i, si iiiilsiile III.' k.'lli liiii' (.111 lliat siil.' I.assa;;.'), f.irlli.' mill lieiii 11 i-.l 1,11k. wliii li I'liiiiH I lie sniillieaslnn siili- nl' llie pa ss.-ILre, Is .■it\ .'T. li al hi^li w.il.T. ail. I 111.- Rill, nj^esl lilies ( p iits| iinl .'ilili.s are Inn ml in its nei;;lili,,iliiin.l. Tin' .■niirs.' llii-.m^'li is inn lli-iiiilllieasl mill ■-,, mil s.iiiiliwi'si. (Rieli.ir.lH.) 17_'ll !• (• 3."> i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k /, /./ -*V^ A ^^ 1.0 l.i l^|2£ 121 ■ 2.2 ■ 40 118 2.0 nil ||'-25 1 U ,j^ ^ 6" ► Ins liisl iiM'< in tliis n'^iun ,„ i;.,,! >>"il«'«l >•' •' iislwani tlir Uart'l'liaiiiU'l. llo sa\ s th.-N .jii.Tc.l l.y passing l«l«,, „ r,,,,, i-lils aii lar;;fr isirt nas I'.ciilinck Island. lHUr.t TlnNS \K\: K.si.HIMAI T AM> VM'loKlX IIAI!l!oKS M!i>M niK IJAlK KuiK,; Wr.liMiiil proptis.' lit (|cs( riln' redder liay. William Ili'ad. I»arrv l!a,\. .MlMit II.M.I.m |;,,uil lioiids. 'I'licv an- yivi-n in dclail l..\ l.'iiliards in liis \ann>n\ri Island I'llot. Tlif ;.'iiMl Ill-lit lictween tin- l.'aec I'orUs. lvs'|iiiiMall Ilarlmr, and MisciiMix M.ii,,| i,,, nainid 'hf (liiir ill I'Ji/a hi .liil.v, l7tHi.;ind divsiiilicd as lar;;<' and iM-aiitil'nI. It has i,,. ,ii,i,,i iiaini- at present. TIh' general dii-eel ion nf l''.sipiiinall llarltor tVoni rientinek Island inside l{ae<' 1,'ork^ | i^in Imnse is noitli uiie i|iiaiter e.isi ,N. | H.i. and the distance is ei^lit and a tinarter mil.-, i|,,iii Ksipiinialt llaiKor to Trial Island the eonrse is east hall' north, and the distance i.s si\ im\,-. !,iii the two are imt iiiterx i>ilile. Alon^' the shore lietwi'en i;s(|iiiiiiall Harbor and lieiilinek Island and Irom 'I'lial MuhI ii. nirrenis run nut with ;ireat velocity « it h a general .set towards the |{ace l.'ocks. Tlie .|. pU, ,,| wa'er in this open ;;nlC a\era.i;es forty ratlimns. Tedder l>ay ami I'liix r.a\ in this ;;iiir a'e very prohahly the T.ay ol N'alde/. and lli. i;,n ,,i Solano of <,>iiiiiiper. whence his mates reeonnoitercd to llaro Strait. The I,i;;htlionse lower of the I lace I locks c.in lie tlisliiictl\ seen at a distance of 1 wel\i niili v. so that it is readil.\ eeii lium the open ;,'iilt hence to Trial Isl.md. We have already ^ivcu >\ {<.ii: of ("(instance 11. ly, called Ko^al \'.a\.' The entrance is ii <|iiarter of a mile w ide, and lii- i«.i rocky heads on either li.ind, the western head havini,' l''is;:ard Island j and ihe Li^lit lioii>r ill ii, ami the e.iNiern li.i\ln;;thc oiitl\ in;j Scroi;;; : ii^ht fathoms of water, and the approaches tor a mile ^'ive from ten to thirteen lallioins. ( I'or the ilelails of I'Nipiimall llarlior, the daiiy^ers. etc., see the N'aiiconver Island I'llni At the head of the hailioris .Mount Se,\nioiir.: lour hundred ami si\t,\ feet lii;,di. Inland and ti\e miles we-l of the head ot Dsipiimall l!ay i.s the head of a lar^e lia.v oim i . from till- north and opeiijn;,' into the inside elianiiel to the Nanaiino coal mines. TIIK I.KillT not SK AT I.Si^'lIM Al.T IIAKIIOU. This 1,1^'ht house IS eiecled on Fisnard Island, a small rocky islet, twenty live feet aiio\. il.i water. The islet is almost connected with the shore, and foi nis Ihe wes'ern point of the chIiiihi to I'.sipiiinalt llailxir. The eastein point is Mnnt/.' Head, and the entrance is oiil^ ,si.\ Iiiiii'Ik'I vards wii'i' Imt the lia> opens out lieautifiill,\ insidi*. 'Till' llii|i;ili lijtiiii' IN Is. Ii .IV iiiiill. :iii.l It IS mivMllt.'li ill III.' in\\\ l.'l tiln nt tlii' < i.iM'l ll.ir iil' I li.' Iliiil-' • '.•iin.aiiy. ' \.liiiir;tllj . liiirt. 1-17. ; r.ii;;li'>li cIliiI. I-.'pI. .;iII..I it l'ii.ln{ii:iril ; 111.- Iiitcsl in I'JNjjiiril. i Ailiiiiritll.v cliarl. I-Jt Jtf I'Acri'K! fOAsr I'li.oT. 547 The striiflnn' «'oii:r of Inirk wliitwiiHln'il himI clcvnfcd tilt \ seven feet ih.iM' ilie loek, Willi ii red l)iiek keeper's dwelliii}; mljiiiinii;,'. Tiie lower is siiriiioiinteil l)v a l,iMi( III p;iliilei llie dark, (ir eovered lilntVs lieliind it. riic illMniiMatinir apparatns is ol Hie li iirlli ordir of Hie sysieni of Fresnel. It was (irst , \I,iIiiIimI No\end)er 1!», l.S(i(», and shows every ni^jht from sunset to sunrise twocoh)rs in dilferent |,.it> III' the are, witli a hir^'e are eclipsed. riie total are of visiltility is two linndretl and twenty seven de};rees. Of this llit^ irhitf lii/ht .U. li'iMi soiilli three and a half decrees east (S. ;{A K.). just elcarinji liosedaie Kotk to the ;1hm.-I ol llaee Uoeks I,i;;lit house, round to south sixty decrees east (S. (J(P K.). Then the »/,/■, linlil iliannes to a ml liijlil Irom south sixty de^^ees east (S. (>(l K.) ioiiiid lliron;;h the east iiiii liiiiih to north nine and a half de^'iees we>t (.\. :t\ W.) inside the harlior. At this liearin;; il„ ,.-/ ht:iiiii' III' I'l.'.i mill's The f;eoKraidiieiil jiosititm of the Ia;;ht-lioiise. as determined by the U. S. Con.st andCii'o«ktic Sill \ cy. is: l.:ititi|ili< Is '.>.")' I'.t .;i Miviili. I Kit Mill' i'j;i !>(■/ i:.- .1 wi'st. 111. Ill liliii' HI' 111"' tT'.il. I Ins li;.'lit is known as the l''istjard Island Li^ht on the Kni;lisli charts, li \\\\\ lie seen from the forcfioiii}; description of the li;jlil that ils characteristics have Ih'pii rliii L:eil Irom the oii;.'inal system. Then there was a while, a red, and a y;rccn li;;lit for certain I iiiniitiiins. The //>■('(« li;;hl has hccn alioiished. \\ Inn a vessel is coiuiny; up the strait from t lie westward bound to Vi<'toiia or the Ilaro I liiiiiicl, the fixed white li;;lit of i']s(|niiiialt Ilarlior will lie seen is soon as the vessel is to the i;i.Muaril of the Uosedale IJock olV I he Itacc KoiKs I.ijiht house. The li^ht slioiild tie steered for oiiilir licaiin;; north half west, whicli will lead cluse In llie reef exlcndiii;; a short distance otf M'H'ii Head, which is live and three iiimilcrs miles north one lil'lh west of I lace Island Li;;hl'house. W lull' a ve.s.sel keeps the w hite li;;lil of l'lsi|iiiiiiall in full \ iew she is clear of all known daiiffers III !lii' westward. If she yets too far to the westward the li^lit will lie lost, and she should I'lii li.iti'ly steer to the eastward till it is a;,'aiii seen. This piecaiilioii is necessary on account ■ I ilic iiiiients which dnrinjf spring: Inlcs run as much as six knots an hour in the nei^ililiorliood Ml ilic i:ace It'oeks. The elili ciiiienl iiiik almost in a direct line Irom the Canal de Ilaro lo ihe iiir|,s, and sets befveeii them and the slioii' wilh ureal lorcc and irrey;iilarity. There are also II. Ii' •■iirrents in the vicinity daiijicrons to boats and small cial't. When to the northward of .Miierl Mead, ;iiid wishiiif; to anchor in Ki.yal Hay, at the approach I" i;-i|Uimalt Harbor, a vessel should briiif; l':,si|nimall Iij;lil to bear north by west, when she will line ten fathoms, with piod lioldin;; ;,'ioiiml. abonl one mile from the li;;lit ; or, if desired, she in.i\ stand to tiie westward until the while li;;lil is lost, when she should imm-dlntiUj anchor. In entering; Ksiiuimalt Harbor lli" lijjhl clian};<'s from ivhitv to ic/ when it bears north sixty 1. -ices west (N. i'AV U'.), and it shoiihi be left from three hundred to four hundred yards on the i Ml I hand lo clear a reef and sunken rock extending one liiindreil and .seventy yards to the north- ».-ivMird of the liKht. The depth of the water in the appro.iclies and in the eiiliance is eit;lil to in lathoms over a very re^'ular bottom. Inside, when the red liy;lit bears south by west, a ship •n.i\ anchor in seven fatiioms or slam inlo Coiislamc |oi Maimf war) Cove earryinj; six fathoms ■III a level bottom of mud. When inside tlie harbor and the li^lit bears south nine and a I alf li •rices oast (S. !»A V..) the red liKht chan^'es toa while li-ht to the westward, where the shoai oil' \i w I'oinl, and the sunken daiifjer, Whale or While Koek imiy briiij,'a vessel up. V ■ Vl f ■„■ 1 r)4S rACllIc COAST I'll.MT. Tlif cm/ /iV//;/ is iisfliil li> vi'ssi'ls liniiiiil ti> \ ictiiijii ill INiiiiiiii.ill lliiiliiir I'liini flu . i iw„,i Arirr:i vcsM'l DiiMiils Tiinl l.slaml IhmiihI I'm- I'Niiiiiinall Ihiilxir :i wcsl Muitliwcsi miii-. : ,\\ \,. ,1 a sail- (hsianif itiilsitlr ol' I'.iiiicliy 1-<'iI;,m' ami Ih-H Iiihi.v. anti sImhiIiI Im- riuitiiiiiril imiil ih, i;,,,,,, malt I.i-lil rliaiip's rutin nil to irliiti, when it may he sti'ncil tin ami mil liclinc. At Ih . Ii;,i|,,,, tilt' lijiht licais mntli Nixt.v (lf;rr«'«'s wt-st (N.. l'i'*;:aiil Islaml has Ui'lp afiniml it, ami inila.v t imr I'm- liiii' of sal'ct.v is |iis| oiitsnlr tj,,. |,, u, wliirli csicmls IiiiimIk'iI sanls towaiils Uir I'lianml. On tin- <,.. I'oi details of the liarlmr, aiiehoiai;e, wimls. iiiriilils, ele.. see Naiiriiiivi-r l-lami i'llui, .imi Ailmiialtv ihart. "iTt!. Tiilis III l-'.siiuimnlt llinhnf. — The Ai|iniialt.\ eliarl, r>7<>, y;i\ es the liillowiii}; ilala ihniii ih. tliles: It IS hi;:h walel at the t'nll ami ehaii;,'e ol the Moon Irolil Ma.\ to Oetolier IhIimtm iimi iii;,'ht ami III' iievt moriiiii;:: anil IVom Nov einlier to Apnl I'loiii ikhiii to 1 1 1 p. m. I'ln siii'M' tliles rise seven to ten I'eet. ami the neap tiile.s rise li\ e to ei;,'lil feet ; with slion;; w iml. n,,!,, ,i„ siiiithwesl ami southeast the tiiles rise two feel alioxc orilinarx spriiiy t iiles, |i will In Imiiit',, take the tides frmii Tide Tallies for the I'aeitie Coast, piihlished aiiiiiiall.N li.\ the I'. S. ('...isi nnl (ieodet le Siir\ i\ . l"roiii I'lsipiimalt llarlior l.ij^lit we have the lieanii;;s ami distanees to the lollinMii- iiii|ihi taut points : Kan- I{.mU I.lylll ll.illHP S. ',' \V. -< lllilrK K.ll/ lliH'k l.l.;lil lnillMl' S, :ll 1;. IT* llllll^s. Ni« |lMti:;itn— >, I,ij;lil liiiiisr S. 1.7 I). 'Jll iiiiliM. I'..i?il W iIm.ii l.i-lil liiiiisr s. -I K ;i'.M mill". I'arliHl-r ll.itilx Kl.i.k !!n.iy \ -7 I. -.I', mil.-. Smilli'" Isl iii.l l.i;;lil li.iiiMi' 1 tii.l iiilri'\ i-.iMi' I N -11 |;. '.'I mil. .< I!i..l.li\ L.'.l^i- Willi.' S|i;ir-I. II. i> S 7'l i;. -.'t mil.-. I'rial Islaml. wiiitli I'liil I not uil'TMsilij.. I \ -.'i K. i. iiiilr.., VK'TillMA IIAlIlIiii;. VANCmv f,i; l.-!m\ lie taken the .same as for I'^stpiimalt llailMir. 'I'll iii'se tor the entrance to \'ictoria llarlior, alter roiimlin;; the llace llocks l,i::lii Imnvi'. IS mil ill three i|uai tcis e.i>t, and w Ik'Ii Dsipiinialt l.i^lit ehaiioes tvim\ htiiihl irliih to n./ i m^.. \m1I lie one mile tioiii the shore in tliiit\ three tat lioiiis of u ater over saiitly bottom. Ships alioxe the sj/e of eoaslerH. lllile.ss aeipiailited with the loeallt.N, ale leeiimimiiiii'il li.il 1. run fill \ ii'ioi la at iii;;lit, when the\ eaii not enter. Imt rat her to Hiiehor in Ko.sal It.ix t'>i ii:i . Iijli; The 11 III It III amiiiii.ue there, when a vessel stands to t he west \v aid, is to aiiehor imwnli'iii 'ij \\\» the lirij;lit wh.te ll;,'ht is eclipsed. This will },'l\e tell fathoms of water o\cr llillil W lllllli .1 null of I'.scpiimalt !a;;lit hoiist'. With soiitheasterlv and stormv weather a sliip lioiiml lnf \ni.in.i should uiiineihalelv run into Ivsipiiinalt llarlior, which she can easilv do with the as.sist.iini nl tli. I.i;,'lit lioii-.e on l'is;;ard Isl.iml. Thecntianee to Victoria llarlior is two and a ipiaiiei miles e.i.st ol Ivsqiiimalt. .\^ tli' rli n iiel is verv contracted, (formerly i hell Inio.N pi-i -liiili West of the rock. The rhaiiiiel inside i> Well marked out li.\ liiiovs, liiit a pilot is nccc^sii.\ li' earr.v a vessel in. The whole leii;;lli of t e hailior is alioiil three or four miles, with an .i\ir,i:;i width of onelifth of a mile. It is\ei\ tortuous, and the held strelchcs west uearl.v ti> lln hr.iil of I'.stpiimalt r..i,\, where a portage exists. The appioaihes to the harlmr are deep outside of I'.iotidiN hed-ie, and from tin leiwiiin fathoms of water are toiind inside of it. 'I'hi' shores adiaccnt are low, lint rock.v, ami i ov> nil 'i' part with trees, rem i ml in;; one of the rockv parts of the coast of Massaehiiscl's ami M.iiih . ' < III III" r.ii;;lisli A.liiiiiall \ < liaii. 1-17. I'AciKif (.'OAST I'lLor. 549 I (ir details of Vicloi ill mm llic Niincniivi'i IsIkikI I'ilol. II fail sfcaiiH'i mIiiiiI is now liii-ati>y siiiiili hall south from the l.i);lithoiisc 'I'lie daimei has li\c feet of walei upon it, and the whole l( il-i' iiir-ide the three fatlioin line is one hiiiidred and seveiit.\ live yards in diameter with .six and MM'ii l.itlioins of water iniinediatel.\ around thai area. This Imoy was formerly a liell liiioy. riie ;,'eo};iapliical posilion of the l.i:.;lit house, as determined Ity the T. S. Coast and tleodetie SiiiAcy liiimlhe Laurel roint astioiioinual station of l.siii, js : I.:ililiiil<' 1^ •.'.'. -.M, iiiirtli. I.iiii;;iiiiili> 1'j:t -j:! :!ii'wcHi. I M. Ill liim- ••'• l:i" :!!'. SIniiil I'liiiit l.iiilit.—'Vwn tilths ol a mile iiisidethc entrance to \ietoria liailmr Ihe low, sharp, iniK\ point on the east side, direell\ aliicast the l,i;:;lit house on lieren's Island, is named Shoal I'liiit. Aroiinil tlicNhoal ;:roniid iiiakiii;; out to the iiorlli northwest from this point the channel iiiiNcs a very short liirii to the east southeastward. On this point a lutinl hiiili rii, sliowin;^ a 'i.iil rid liijlil, lias been estaitlislied at an elevation of the feet aliove liie water. It is attached to III! riamework lieacon on the plalloi in liuo\ which maiKs Ilic outer end of the spit olV Shoal I'oinl. !i ;\as tirst siiowii .\u};usl 1, Iss'.l, and will lie maiiit.iliud diiiiii;.' the autumn and winter inonths ii'iiil luillier iioliec. Miirint; slorniy weallici it iiia> liecoiiic e\liii;:iiislicd at times, when it will li'' iiiipossilile In reli,i;hl it pi'omptlv. /.'i(rii/ in Vicliirut llarhor. — The sjinf tmiiii .Vo. 7, inside \ icloiia I I.iiImu, and which marked the !.i ivd or Speiice K'oi'k, two hundred sards east of Soii;;liie's I'oinl, has lieeii permanent 1\ discoii- iiiiiieil. There is now a depth of nine leet ol water on llic lock at low water spriii;; tides. /')//(■.<.— The .Xdmiraltv chart, oT'i. ;,'i\es the follow inu data : It is lii;;li watci at the lull and < li.iii;:c of the Moon from .May to Octoliei lietweeii niidni;;hl and III' next inoriiiii<;; and from NuM'tnlicr to .\piil lii'l ween noon and III'' in the afternoon. The spriii;; tides ri.se seven to leu feet, mil neaps live lo ei^lil feet. Wit n sirontr soiitliwesl and soiitlieast winds the tides ri.se two feet ilicive ordinary spriii;; tides, l''or the details of the approaches to \ictoria Marlior, the currents, tides, winds, etc., see the \iliiiiralt,\ chart, •"•"»>, and \'aiieou\ei Isl.ind iiloi. The time aiiil hei^tht of I'very tide ilurinp: the >eai can lie found from the Tide Tahles for the I'acilie Coast, piildished annually Ity the ('. >S. 'nasi iiiid (ietNlelie Survt^v. J 11 if i '■\ 550 I'ACIKIC COAST IMI.OT. Till City of Virlorin has grown to 1m> a plan' «if iiiik-Ii iinportaiU'C Ity its boiiif; tlit> scin n| .„, oiimH'iit ol Hritisli Coluiiiliia, I'miii its coiiiUTtioii wilh tli«- Nanaiiiioioal iiiim's, ami Iicjum u,, |,„„ lor all till" stoainltoats to I'rast'i- Unt'V, the stoanu'is to Port Moodv at tlic ti-rininiis ii n,, ( .,,1, tliai! I'anlic IJailmatl, tlir .stfaiiifis of I'life't-t Soiiiid, ami tlu' Hteaiiislii|>H of the «oa(it oi ( '.liiiiimi!, Clif^'oii, ami W'a.sliiiigtoii. i! i' i'' TRIAL ISLANDS, on' VANrOfVr.i! ISl.ANM). This urouj) of islands. ^.MMU'iall.v showin}; as our, consists of two piiiu'jpal, hair. io(l>\ i,],,. yint; 'lose iimlcr tin' smith shore of Point <'ionzaiis, wliirh fmins tin- t'\tn'iiiit\ of the .sln.i,. i^,,, rasl ol Ks(|ulnialt i.ntl Xictona llaihors ami m-ar tin- wt-sl snU- of tlif cntraiu't" to thr llaiiMin, Till' slioif from KMiuimalt ami Vjiioiia Ilarhors to the Trial Islands is irrc^rnlar. low. jml i,,,!,. Willi liilloiks of one liiiiidrt'd and forlv to two hiimlit'd and tliiit> left eh val ion Tin u'ln,, diicci ion i.> cast. I'lic miiiiIi end ol the oiilci Trial lslai:d is , six miles almost cxaills ea> iii,|, l''is;;aid I,i;;hl house, three and one half miles east three i|iiarters north from P>rotch,v l,ed«c liii,,\. and three and live sixths miles soiitliwtst two thirds south from l>iseo\ei\ Island Li;,'lii. The oiiiei and laryt r islet is a half mile lon^' and stietelies out one mile from the -\\n], mi, foiirleeii fathoms of water, wiiii a narrow line of kel|i aloii}; its east ami west sides, aiitl I'l |. u^i. on the ed^'e of the Kei;). Tlu' outer end of the islet is alioilt ei;;lil.V feet hi;:li ainl is .Mit|i |,, The iioi'lherii or inner islet is low, ami toiil }:ronnd e.\i>ts close aronnil it, altlioii;;li tlien-i-. .1 n.u row live fathom chaiiiii 1 lieliiiid it, called the I'lntei pi ise Channel. Tiie currents ,iii' -tini,. jiast »he islet, and hca\\ current rips prevail, especiallv dm in;; the tlood. which runs iii.iih . miles per hour at spring; tides. IH.si DVKUV AND CIIATIIAM rsi.ANHS. y vei,\ dan;;er(ms ;;roiind. Tlie trnter or eastern point of IIimcimm Island IS luii and a hall iiiiNs lioni I he nt-aresl point of \ancou\er Island. l»i,s( i>\ei> Ulai,.! in a \ei\ iiic;:iil.ir oulline; it is lon;.'cst east and west, and has hrokeii rocky shores yii.u l.il ii man,\ lucks and foul ^'loiind for as nmcli as foiii hiindretl yards. The island is a ^'raintc hm-n «\ • hundred and twenty one feet lii;;li and pai'tiall\ covered with tirs. tliron^zli which the rock ^\„>\\- in laii^e patches without a blade ol vegetatimi. Northwest of IHscovery Island, iiid separated therefrom by a narrow and mtiicale 1 l.iiin. full ot' rocks, lies rhatliam Island (composid of several small islets), somewhat siiiallei in . ssr and not so lii;^h as Discovery Island, but similar in appearaiu'c and lorniatitm. lieiwcin iln.. two islamls and the \':incon\er shore lies an extensive area, callei' (ioii/.alcs Sonml, neail, iilli with rocks and reefs, the main body being called the riiain Islands, wliieh are :iliont iiii!'\ i>. Iii;;li. ('lose around the western side of Discovery and Cliatliam and east of the ('h.iin Nmih!- is a chaiiml known as the Plumpei Passage, from seven tose\enteen fathoms, bill 11 i> "iil\ 1 for small craft. I'lom the western part of ('halliam Island to CadlMiroiigh Point the disium aboui three (|M, liters of a mile. Numerous rocks show clo.se to the point. I'or details of the itas.sage through (ion/ales Sound and around the islands, see the \'aiM..ini Lsland Pilot. LKiHTHoISK ox DIsrOVKUY ISLANU. The structure is jilaeod on the eastern extremity of the island just behiml Sea llii The bnildiiig is of wood |iaiiited white, and consists of a st|iiare tower surmoiiiiled \>\ lantern; the height from the ground lo the vane is foityseveii feet. The keeper's d«i attat'hed to the lower. The illiiiMiiiating apparatus is dioptni' of the tiflli onler, and was first exhibiti'd on 1* of .\pril. Issti, and shows a li.inl uliili Uiih( every night from sunset to sunrise. Tin visibility extends through two hundred and lifty three degrees (li.">.'P) from north forty iwn. west (N. Vl \V.| roninl li\ the north, east, and south to south thirty one degices west S :'. Ko that it .shows thiongh the llaro Strait, Sidney Cliannel, and in the direction of Hare I,' • N.iiiiid .illci till stniiiii r S,a /.rid, wliii-li wiu. hiiriit »t tliiN liliu'i- Sc|iIi'Iii1mm 7, I'-.rfi, ilininn 'I" ' '•' I'Xcitriiiflil. !• r I'll- , I mi; iIC' ■ , _• I M W . > 1.. ii Iroin it tliHtiiiice of lilteeii milt'H. Towards Hie soiitli- u, siwartl llie li>;lit i'* •■"•••'i outside (lie Trial Islands. The po^fiapliieal |iositioiiof tlie l,i;,'lit house is: ■'■'•'""'" I- -J.'! •,'n iii.rlli. '■""Ki""''' l-j;i i:t' Till wfMi, ( ir, ill liiiK' ^1. |._>ii. ,-,,-,< 11 riie MiaKiietie varialioii in .laniiiiv. ISSd. was li_" ;{,s' east, and was ihen at its extreme limit. From hiseovor.v Island l.i;;lil hinist we have the follow iiit; lit'ariii;;N and distanees to ini|ioituiit ipli|rcts : Hurl' Hiii'lvH Li;;lil-liiiii.si' S. ;!!,, \V 11'. iiiiliH. lull/. Iliinl* I, mill liiiilm' »; ;j |.; |.i mjl,.^ Ni'« Ihiiinriii'N'. I.iyjit liiiii-.i' S. I.l i: l.'.l iiiili'N. remit Wilwiii I.ik'i' '"'""I' S. T I I;. •,>.". inili's. AcliiiiiiillN lIcMil l.i^lil liiiiiNc' S. "11 i;. •i' iiiili's. rtuliiil;;!' Hunk lllack Hum S "It i'.. I-| inili's. Ili'iii llniili I lliiii' ami iiiii' liill Litliniiis ) S. "li I',. f; iiiiIin. Siiillli's luliiih! l.iylillioiHi' S. ^^7 !•;. Ill', iiiilrH. l>!i\ iilsdii itiiiU I i;ii-.;iiiM sir.iii 1 N. r.i; i:. ii;', mhIin. Siiiilli I'liiiil 111' Sjj l'i;iiiU uiilraiirr 111 San Juan cliiii Ii N. ii'.' I'.. ;•'( rnili'M. K.ll> l(r.'l'« in llairiSliail N. -J- \V. 7.J iniltH. riie Iloiiiinion of Canada projioses to plaee a foj,' si;,'ual at the Lij,dilhouse on Discovery l-l.iiid. /ii/i«.— Tin' liiuli water at tin' riill ami rtian;;r ut Ihc Mmni iniiri'iiiilai ami iiinrli inllni'iicrd li.v lirfvailini; wIiiiIn; ill. ^irali'Ml riw ami fall iillin- inli' at Hisinvi'iy Ul.iml is fwilvr Ciil. Iiiiiiii;; ^ i.-r nllm In tlic cli.inni'ls Ilic il I '.Iriain runiimMii is al lil'lirii i t.s |ia.sl il.\rn a.m.. iniiniii;; « illi ijiial .sliiii;,'tli till ni'.iil.v llm r p. m., .ill. I wlinli IhiI lilllc I iclr ii till II III 1 1 rmii a. iii. uii tlir t'lillim iiij; ila.N . « litii tlio ilili riPiiiimiiiiN ami riiii.s till nearly 1 1. I'll .1. Ill . till' tiiiK' ol' ii>» nalri liv I III' --1 11 II I- I K'ii'liai'ils. I The island vyan iianied l>,v Kellett after X'aiicoiiver's two ships. .> or I It tee feet lielow the siiil'aee there is a stratum of hard, dry ^laeial '■l,i\ with pebliles. .\ veiy small, low islet ealled Minor,* exislsone mile norlheasi of.^mitli's Island, and at very '.» lilies it is eoniieeted with il li.\ a iiairow rid;:e of liow Iders and roek.s. A field of kelpexteiids lollie westward of .Smith's l.sland for oneainl a half miles.and has a width of ii mile. In sailin;; iiiii>ii;:h this tield we found the drplli of water iiiiiforin at six and a half fathonis. and in no plaee iliil we ;,et le.ss; liiit in IS7l of the kelp, in Ir ten to live tathonis; and on tlio .south nil of the island east of the kelp, in from ten to ei;;lit tathonis of water, hard liottom. We |>iili'd our ealile here in a southeast ;,Mle, Init the smooth .sandy liottom etialiled us afterwards to Mcitte the anelior. Otf the easteiti end of the small islet vet y deep water is toiiiid elose to the sliiife. • Naiiiril li.v tin I' S. (ii.iHl .Siiivrv in Kil. 41 PACIFIC (mAhT IMI, roof, aiitl Niiriiioiiiitt'il liy an iron lanti-rn paiiitfil lilark. Its lit'i;;lit i~ i.,iu our ami a half feet aliovt> lhi> siirlact' of (lie ^rountl. The ilwillint; anil towt-i arc of luui, ,,|„{ all' |)lasti'ii-il ami uhit<-\v.i:>hiMl, anil sitiiati-ii on Ihi- lii}.'hi-st |>ait of the islanil nrar thr .siiinhvt,,,, |Hiinl. All till- tnrs havo Imtii cut ilowp to alloni a rli'ai horizon in ivfi.v iliii'ition. Tin illiiuii natinK apparatnH is of tho fourth oriliTof Ihi' system of Fii'sm-I, ami shows a irltilr tlaxh ■ n,-,, /„,/; minuli. Till' liri(,'hti'sl pari of tin- Mash lasts llvi' si'i-omis. Whi'ii ii vi-ssi-l is I'losi' to it tin Ii:;||| is not lost, but varii's from ixtromi' lirilliani',v to a faint li;;lit. Tlir fiM-al plane of tlii- lens is ninety one feet almve the mean level of tlie sea, ami uihlii favurahle euiiilitions of the atmosphere the li^'hl slmnlil lie seen from a height of — III fi'i't lit II tliiiiinri- iif II. Ti iiiili'M. '.Ml fi'i't at n iliNtuiiir I' 17 I iiiili'N. It was lirst exhiliiti'il on the iMli of Oi'tolier, IS.'(S, anil shows from sunset to siinrJM'. The j;eoj;iaphiial po.Mtionot tlielij{hl, as iletermineil liy the I'.S. (\»astanil (ieoihiic .Siiim\ is: Laliliidi' 4H 111 iNi .■« iKirlli l.niii;iliiili' Vtt-' M Xi .7 wcHi Or. Ill lliiir fi' II"".>',>".I. In .limtiars, ISSii, the ma;:iietii' variation was 'JL" lli' east, anil was at its maximum i,itii:f. The li;;lit shows into the ciiliamesof (Janal tie ilaro, Hosario Strait, unit Ailmiralt.\ liilii,.iiiil out into the Strait of Juan ile Fuca. BKACON NEAIl SMITH'S ISLAND. At the extremity of Miiioi Islet, alreaily ileseriheil, there has been eroctoil a beacon. It i. i tr/ 1/( (rifiixl tliiit> Mve fert hi^h. with boarils on the upper half, niakint; it apjiear as an iIiv.iImI p.vramiti. It is plaeeil on the east<'rn eml ot Minor Islet neat liiKh water mark, anil beaiN imiiii east one ami om-ei^ihth miles from Smith's Islan ' l.it;lit. Outside of this beaeon tlic il('|m'«H I.inlit-liMiMc ."^ 'JliJ \V !-', miles i; known by the latter uaiue. '1 ij ! , V. ' "-■. 1 1 i IN •TMBUpwaW' . 1 . 1' < ! U '|i l,.:ut. > - .y - * MiMiiil Coniititiition. i.O|l4<« IkUllll. \Viilirniiii.'l, ||,.;i,l IrimcM l.lniKl. Smrli'H InIiii.U l.iylii hiiiiiw, N liv W J W.f.^ mhIi'h. • 'M.rcw.H iHlnnil, 1, Knn.irin >*ti;iii. 'iA': Us»: KiirroWH InIuikI I nlaln.i InIuikI All.'iii Miiijcl Mnniii Kric, l.iilKi d'ct. IlPCf-lllhllr I'.'tlW. Siiiilli'H IhIiii l.iKht-lioUHC, NK liv N < ■>• lij iiiilcH. Mount CiiiiKtitutiori Kopr/ Ishtinl H!iikol\ Islaiiil. l.dl'l feci. l.mimii Is .iid. 1,5110 fc <'y|.r4M Ulanil, \,.t'M (mt. ._-.*^«;%;,:::''<^?v....._^ Hnrruw'n iHlnnil. AIIkii iHliitid. riilalKO UUod. ^.^ .•!■•**'•>*« «r aB:_ 411^ ■■>..:ii|!rh^._..^^»'«- 1 :'3^i^.1ft-l**lA'^Vt^rff1f'?| iiiiloN. Wliidliey iHlitnd. ■*"t - ,- '«N,*Mflu:"''V?p.-,, II fill. Lniniii Ik^ ,11(1. !,r>llO fcpt. fyjin'ts IsKind. 1 ">ii' iVi'i. W .iiifi'uu'li llt'iul. Soiuliwcst InIadiI. Kiwnriii Strait. I'llll I'"" null ill • . I Ihill lull Wh i>\ - I'.l-I 'llll'i Mull « .1 I. V J "1 11:1 lircll II II III I {Mil I IM-I lllll I \n I' ft '<• ■ * Hll III I Ihr /• Mini ll'l I I «.ltl-| ■li'lUI ^llll|| l\lll' CACMIl' roAHf I'll.MT. 5r.;5 UANKS AND KIKLDS Ol' KKM' IN TIIK STKAIT Ol' I'UCA. nil IIAHSI I.U HANK, liinlll HImI it llillr mill's IKiilli .•,|\|\ i|r;;ircs Wol (N.dO W.) Iiiilii Nrw I (iiiiyi'lii'H.s l.i;;lil lull I', on the liiKniiiil immiIv iiiiilu:i\ in \ irtnii.i. nOkH' iIic rmiiit'i' ili;irt- iiM- 1 11 «lt'\t'lii|ii'i| .1 iwniiN r.iilioiii li.mk iwii mill's |i iiniHi itml .'hoiiIIi, ami Ihill a iiiili' unit', with ii> litilc ;ih liiici'ii Tail mills III' VNairr iimt il. I'M.TIUIlill; HANK. i liirr miles siiiilli tlii'i-e i|iiai't<-i's \M'.>.| tiiim Siiuili's Isl.iml l.i;^lil liniisc is ; In- mii'llnM-slriii |iiiiiii III I Ills I tail Ik >M til 111 III!' limits III It'll r.i I III nils III will ri. Insult- ilial il.'|i|li Hit' li.ttik is tliii'f mill - Inn;: wi-nI Ii.v iniitli anil east In snntli, niif ami a liall n il<'> in witltli, anil llir cisliin ex iiriiiitN irai'lifs witliin tnir ami a hall niilfs nl' raitritl;,'f rninl. Il is in-ailN mi llir |iii)liiii;;atliin III lilt' Nliiii't' liiif li'iiiii Ailiiiiralt.s IIimiI In llii' |iiiiiit. 'I'lii> nnrlli ami i-as* slilt's tail nil sliai|il,v In 'vtriiiN .mil lliirtv talliniiis. 'I'lic Ixiitnin is 'i.i!-. Il lias a ili'|i|li nl' mily t'niii' lull I'l'i'l al Ilif liMVi'sl walt'i, ami is i|i-iilt'ialili' |iail nl llit- liaiik i> i'iimtiiI widi li'lp, wlinli is inni'li iiinli'ii nil |i\ ^lliiTi;; t'lllltnls. 'I'lif kt'lji ;;i'm'|,ill\ t'Sirm n llir - M'll l;r 111 I'lilVf. t'\rf|il Inw iinls till' r,i>lri II I'liil, ulit'ii' till' >linal iiai I'nvN '< ami im ki'lji t'\i^; < Ih'MiihI a iIi |iIIi nl I'niu ratlmms. 'I'lii* < Hiii'iits nvi I 'III' liaiik ail' 11 it'^nlai , i'\i'i'|it ninli'i I lit' t'astt'i ii i'\l it init,\ , w liiTf I Iu'n si't sli'iin;;lv imiii lilt- 1 tirih ami ninllivvt'sl at llnnil ami flili tnlt's. ilii'i'i- arc ciirrcnt rips nn all tin- hanks in tlif Siiait <<( T'lifa wliuli split tlif ninviii;^ vtilmni's .i| u.itt'i ; ami tlirst- rips art' lii-avifi in \M'slt'rl,\ uiiiils. Il i> icpniti'il that a inrk has lii'i'ii si'i'ii at tin' Inwi'sl spriii;: tiilt's nn this liank; lull tlif iiii.:iimI siirvt-v was niatlc al tin- hiwi-st spun:; tnlfs ami no tl,iii;;i'i' scfii, ami tins i'f|ini'l has nnt lll'f II V I'lllifll. Ill iiV iiN tllK I'AIMIilliiil-; HANK. I'll mark the ilanm'rnns imkN s|iii| nn tins li.tnk a lirslihiss rnii Intnii, juiiiitiil lilml: si\ \aiils sniiih lwfiit\ lixf tlfuit'fs ami twenty tliiff miiiiitfs '.V I'l.) I'rnin tllf Iniii Iff n I't't't im-k ami nn the liiif tliinii;.'h Sinitli's Islainl la;:lit'linnsf i'.l>l .'SI. '2.1 iiiil Ilif rofk. Tllf rnllnwiii;; ltfami;.'s ami ilislamts art- ;;i\<'ii tn Inealf tin- liiin.N Mllltll'-> Nhlliil l.l^lll lull I'liiiii r.iilriii^i i.'iil Hill AillMll.lll> lll.lil l.l^lll II r I wiUnii t.i^iii iiiiiif rill' Miililli' III I'liilrt'llin Nr» |lMll^rllr>'< l.li;lll 11 IN Ml llM r.iii lllll^ ■ •>«•..... .s 77 11 11 Mr ,s ... .^ I'l 1 1^1. ml .s iiilsi S IJ II u :i.7 iiiili'N. ■-'.7 null's. ^iiiili' \ i's.sels liniiml I'l tllf Wfsifin pait nl' tlif strait into .\iliniralt\ liilfl must Itavi- this liiioy Mil' |»ni't liaiitl. N'i'ssfis passim this lilat'k liiiny will liml tlif iifxt liiiny oil' I'ailritiK*' I'omt a iril mil', whii'li llifV iiiiisl li'a\f nil tin- pnit liaiiil it' Imiiml iiiln Ailinirally liilft. In It ililinns wf iinteil tllf l.ii'l tli.il livf l.itlinm- nl' walfr hail liffii It.;. ml iipnii tlif hank till /'i(»((//(»'i»y hail pas8f(l tner it ami IdiiihI Iniii ami ihife lomlhs t'athnms nvfi- a ilfar wliitf viiiil plainly visihle. In .Iiiiie, l.sTI. the ship •/((»«(.< I,'. A'k/cc. Inatlftl «illi iiiiif hiimlre!! llmnsaml 111 I nl' liiiiilter I'oi San I''ranti,sfn, striifk npnii tlif hank in twfiity tliri'f Iffl iilwalfial tlielnwe.st itii, I'finaiiiftl fast I'nr halt' an hniii . ami fanif nil h'akii':: hailly. Thf slm.il w as .snninlfil out in li'i.iil Ml An},Mist, I.S71, ami thf rniiiifi'iitit'i infk ilisi'i>\ rt'i I. I>iiiiii^ thf siifM'v a Sfiy ii^ly. ■liiH I iTosssea was Mn iiilty uf tbu Iniiik. kifketl up ill strong; wiiuls, au«l the best aiicboratje was foiiiiil uiitler llic eastern V :>'.4 •ACIKIC CdAST ni.iiT. TIIK IIKIN HANK, STK All nK ITCA. I'MMiiiitr Wfst ImII" soiiili t'loiii Smiiirs Islaiiil l.i^'lit Iiniisc. iiiiil i'i;,'lit mil.vs .li.i ,, ;. is otluT licltl of ki'lp, II' .;rl\ a mile ill t'xlfiil. We caiiic iiin-\|i»Tif(ll.\ iipiiii ii at lii-in. m ;-,i ,|, III;; a luavN Mow wiili rain. Ii was not tlit'ii inarkftl on any cliail. Nc\i nioiniis- «, ,,,„||,|, lliroii^;li ii anil toiind tlu'tlcpth of watt'r very iiiiiforiii at li\r fallioins, wiHi haul >,iii,U |„iii.,iii IJri'fiii partial fxaminatioiis sliow that this licld marks the mnllifin jtail of the li.ml. Im iii-arlv iioilli anil sonih, with a li'n;;lh of four anil a half milrs ami a Inradih of mn. ;i,i,| .|'|,, iiiilfs « ilhin till' limits of thf twi'iit.v fathom lino, timl that tin- least water fiiiiinl ain.iii:: Mim 1„ near the i Msleiii fil;;e of the lielil is three ami a half fathoms, where Smith's Islaml \.\ U\ li,,,, liears iiiM III ei-lil,\ two ile;,'iees east (N. Sli Iv ). ilislaill eiy;ht inih s, ami New Dllii-ein -. hi-i house alioiil MiMlh foiiil.en ile;:rees east (S. II 1 ;. i. illsiaiit tell aiiil a half iiiile>. J\,,^ |g .shoiiM lie a\oii|iil, 'I'lieie m.i\ lie ilaii;;eroas poinled loeks in the thick kelp. We ii.imeil this li.jik in IS.M. In llie i:ii;;li>h A.liiinalt.N ehail. No. I'.HT. pnlilisheil in isii."., it is ealled the I'oiiti' |;,ii,|,. 'I'lie lieiil laid clown as iloiilittiil on Ihe Ailmiralls iliait of 1M7, neail.v west tin,, ,,,i.i|i, mil t!i. lour mih's t'rom Siniili"s Islaml, ami li.niii;,' oiil\ two fallioms maikeil iipMH ii. n ,^ |„,, son- hi tor li\ the I'. S. «'(i,is| SMi\e> I nit not foinul : il is not Ian I ilowi (he Hi Mi>li \i|:i n,,; I'harl No. I'.Ml, with eorrei'luins to ist;."!, nor rel'erreil to in the Naiieoiiver islaml I'lloi. rWKl.Vi; 1 ATlliiM HANK. SIIJAII Ol' I TCA. I''i\e miles southwest half West t'rom .'smith's Isl.iml l.i;;lit house lies the northern |i.iii u! II. ink. upon which elc\cii ami one h. ill' f.illioms of water has liecii fniiml, o\ ei- ,i lioiii,i:i ,.i i y;ia> s.iml .mil iMukcii sjiclls. 'I'hcie is no kelp. The c\lcii; of I he li.mk within the i vvcni \ i iij , cm \ c IS tliicc miles Ion;:, In ill;; north northwest ami son tli .soiiihe.ist, ami one aii ■ 'i tli.il h.is as liiile as two fallioms ol water anion;; it. Hilt we have lieeii inforineil lli ii ' . li.iil- l!a\ < 'oinpans's steamer Oiti r fmiml as little as six feel of water within its limits. 'I'he li.ink within the lliree f.iiliom enrM- is one mile hint; north liv west ami S..111I1 !■. ■ ami m.ii l,\ h.ilf a mile » nle. The li.ink exiemis one mile farther to the south liv e.ist to ' i> I o| the ti'ii l.ithiini line. There is no Inioy to in. irk this ilaiiy;er. A Inios would be of -ic.n -^^ 1 on the tail of this I tank. The cnrrenl s»'ls li\ this slio.il into the iniddle channel with .1 \< I.t:. three to six knots. Mclweeii the iioitlieiii tiiiee latliom I ami Catlle roint, on San .liiaii Isl.iml. lln 1. ,. row p.issa;;e (Mil \ 111;; toiil and a li.ilf f.illioins of water. 'I'liis elianiicl is not lecoiniii. : i more es|ieciall,\ as the latest cli.iit loc.ites a I wo l.il lioiii rock I wothi'ds of a mile oil ). one and t wo tliilds miles .solitliwesi liy west tr < atlle roiiil. 'I'llis daiip-r is placed .is .ir -.'l.i; |ioint outside the t weiity t'atliom line, with thirls fathoms lielweeii it and the Salmon r..ii.t (At ll.K. rnINT NKW I.KiHT. On <'attle I'oiiit, the southeast point of San .liiaii Island, a Ji.nil irliitc lii/lit has l«c. 1 |4,io. iipiin a white post, h is tilteeii feet lii;;li, and is alioiit one hundred feet above hi^'li w.iici. The li;;lit was ostalilished October 1, IS.s.S. I'ACII'IC I'dAsr I'll.KT. Minni.r, i:.\m\s, strait hi- itca. 555 live iiiiil ono-tliinl iiiili-s north si\ty live dcfin'cs vhm (N. •;.•) i:.) rioin l»iscovfiy Island l,,jii hdiisr is the noillnx'stcni liiiiil of this l);inU, ;inil tlu' uiil.v place wlicii' Icii latlK.nis of wiitcr li,i, hrcii loiiiiil. The y;cni lal iliri'ction (if the iiaiik inside Ihr lilleen fallutni lini' is ninl Invest and M.iiilieast. and the aii-a within the menl\ rallmni curve is I'uni s.jiiaie inih's. It lies liniad otl' the , ,:,, lice ti> the ("anal de IJani. and its mutheast side falls oil iVoin twenty to one hundred and live ; ,,; ,,iiis in seven ei;;lit lis of a mile. There is seventy live fatlioiiiK of water Itetweeii it and tlu' li. I Uaiik, and to the south southwest it slopes away {iradiially. To the west there is a depth of l,,iM live fathoms towards Discovery Island Iat,'ht house. The liottoin of this hank is ;;iay sand ,11,. I iiioUeii shells, and there is no kdp on it. I'loiii the ten fathom spot on the bank Moiinl Dallas. Ilioiisaiid ami ci;;hl.\ si\ tcet hij;h, ,11, -III .liian Island, l)ears noitli«e>t t wo thirds wisl (N\\. ,; \\'.), disiaiil si\ and one half miles. ciiNsi wci; i!\NK. .•^ri;.\ii hf i-icv. I'liis liank lies in the aiiproaches in Ivsipiimalt ami \ icioria llarhois, and has as little as nino i.iiliiiinsof water upon it in one spot , w Inch lies southeast li\ east three iiiiarlerseasl (SI). Ity K. ,' I',.) hvc.ind three fourths miles from llsipiimalt I-ij;ht house, and southeast one lliinl east (SI-;. .\ l'..\ I, .1,1 ,iiid a <|narter miles IV N'ictoii.i l,i.i;hl lionse. It is in the iaii,m' of t!ie red li;;ht showinjj; Ihiii llsipiimall IJ^iht house. The ^'cncial din-clio i ol'the hank inside the twenty falhoin line is I...: ; li liy east (N. l>y K.) and south \>\ west (.S. Iiy W .) foi two miles, and the width nearly one and ,1 liilf miles. There are some soiiiidiii;;s ot eleven fal horns upon it over a hotloni ot' irravel and !i|..!.cli shells. Oil t he iiorlhwest side t he liaiik drops olf to lilly I'allioms of water, and a deep rliiiiiicl eai'r.\iii}< sixty fathoms of walir lies lietwcen it and the shore nea;' Nicloria llailiorand ilii liial Islands. The currents run tlnonuli here liom three to si\ knots an hour. Outside of I'm h.iiik, two miles to the soulhe.isi. the ciinciits run from two to four knots an hour. I Jiilils n, ami in many of them isolated and dangerous points of rock have I teen found, sometimes .Ml liter a very .scriitiiii/lnj; siirvev. ^ WASHINGTON SOUND lli'lwien the southeast pari ot N'aiicoiuer Isl.iml and the imiiidand throii^^h ten to lifteeii iiMii > i>f latitude lies an e\tcnsi\ e ;;roiip of hi;:;h mountainous islands cut up tiy numerous pa.ssa^es 1:1 channels. On the .south the islands form the northern limit of the eastern part of the Strait ..; I IK i: and on the north they form the southern limit ol' the (Inlf of (ieoruia. The principal iliiiiiiels thr(Ui^di the archipcla;;o t'nim smIs navi^ratin;; these waters. I'lie currents pass tliidii;,'li all the pass,ii;cs with );reat vclocitv, and the depth of water is ■ w 1 \ « here verv ;j;reat. Kr.lll IMCIv. S\N MAN' t'lIANNKl, This daii;,'er lies nearlv in midchannel lietwcen the souihwesteni shoi'e of Shaw Isknid and ilii point of San .Inan Island at the iiorlli side of I'riday harlioi. It lias two fatlionis of water ■ ii I It, and lia.v Iteeii marked liy a mii Inmii haviiij; liiin-.niildl ml mnl hhitl, stiiins. It lies one and Mm r ci;;htlis miles west liy nurtli one ipiartcr north (W. liy N. J .N.) from riirii Kock Spindle. SAN .It AN CIIANNKl., TDKN HdCK. On tlio western sidi* of the channel ami live miles northwest by north from tho southern en. li.Miie the Turn h'luh, whi ,h liaresal the lowest tides, has been marked with an I mil ^>()l./^• having' I 'ii7< painted /»(Mi(7 on top. It lies one and t luce ei';liths inilcs east by .south one ipiarter .south K. l.\ S. 1 S.) from lieid K'ock buoy. This roek lies alioiit one third of a mile eastwardly from ilir iM.rih point of Turn Island. Tlieie is deep water around it, and from thirty to .sixty fatli- 556 rACIKIC COAST ni.OT. ■urn '-■4 ■ J I 111 tuns ill mill clianiu'l. It is diivclly (•pposilc llif soiKIhtii «'iiliaiic.' to l'|iii;;lit CliaiiiMl, i...„,, IiO|K'/. iiiiil Sliiiw Isliimls, ami at tlu- point in tin- San .liiaii Cliaiini-I wliiic it aan-cs ii. i| ,, n.'j to IIm' wt'st nortliwfst. -l)iiiiii, iiaintfil witli lildrh mid ml liproacli to Noitli r.av, wliltli is nortlu'iii part ol' lirillin I'.av. 'I'lic buoy lies tin. .• i,:: ,,| niiif fast ,.r nortii (i:. In N.) from tlii" iiortli t-ml of Diniifi Island. It marks a cliarl, ami wjijcli wuiijil ajipi'ar to lie the tail of a si\-lallioni li'il;:r inaMiiu oiii ii.iH mill- to Mic soniliwaril I'roiii tin' iiorlli sliorr, wlii.'li is rocky. TImmc is a ili-plli oi m \,i,i,.,.l fatlionis iiisiilc tills Icdfic ami ••Icvm t'atlionis dose oiilsiilr. Tlir slio;;l spot liiisonU tlih.t.J of water upon it at low tides, and is well indieated In a iial.li of kelp alioiit a ipiaitei ..| ., imi in extent. That part of the Strait of I'liea east of Kaee lloeks to Whidliey Island and all of W , Stuiiid form part of the •• <;iilf of (leor^iia " of Vnneoiiver's ;;eneral ehart, and on Ins chart the •• (iiilpli ot' (ieoi};ia.'" \\aslmi;.'ton Sound has also iiecii calleil the .\rchipela;,'o de llaro tioiii the discovei \ ct 1,, (ion/ales di> II, no in I7s;i. and of (,)iiimpei in ITHO. It was lirst explored In Don l"i;iii( (,, Kliy.a in IT'.M. N'am'oiiver. in I7!l-. passed tliioii;:li the Itosario Strait from the south, and ;;iM- i -, rf|iresciitaiion ol the ch.iniiel and islands, his lioals c\idcntl\ working amoiii, tliein iiii,ii| and N'.ilde/. in I TliL.'. ilioiit a month hiter than N'ancoin ci, passeil thioiiuh iiie ol tlie sli.iii^ imi the nortli, and represented the mass of isl.inds as one which tliev desi;.'nalcd Isia de San I-mI The a;;cn;s and laeiois ot' the Hudson May CoiiipaiiN doiilil U'ss knew most ol lln- ili.i || islands Slllise(p|elitl\ ; still, lip to IS,"),}, Ihey exlljliited only e,\ e sketches of the ( 'anal ili I ,■» north and east o| Sidney Island. In IMI the I'nitcd States I'Ajdoi ini,' l'.\piiliti>i. jg) Canal de llaro. 'I'iie Itosario Strait was then siiiveved. and called Ii'iiijx^old's (Ik,!,!, >■ ^ Most of the islaml>, cliannels, |ioiiits, etc., were named alter otlicers and vessels of iIh : iijj it is said to have lieeii intended to call the whole '^roiip the Navy .\rcliipela,ud. Ilic ( . j^ llaro is criiiiieoiisly called the Canal de .\rro liy Vancoiner. The Canal de II ire and llosaiio .Sirait were surveyed liy the I'. S. Cnast Siii\c\ m !• , i|| Is.'il. when llie ii.uiie \\ ,i>hin;iton Sound was ajiplied to the whole arclilpela;;'o IicIwith iIi. ,i|> land and Nancouvcr Island. THIv CANAL Dfi: MARO ■ti ■ I: ^i -M Hi H The .southern entiance may lie said to lie lietweeii hiscovery Islan 1 on the ue--i .<\,.i i| southeast poinl ol S.iii .liiaii l.sl.ind l.vin^' ten and a half miles iioriheast li\ ea>i tli il. northeast the Ineadlli ol the canal is oiil\ li\'e and one-half miles. I.ookiii;^ noiiliwc.--t\v., I thiseiiliaiiee there is a|pp irciil l.\ no passaf:e thron^;ii, liccanse the lai;;(' islands lo the in i and iioiiii iiorthwest o\ erl.ip and appear to toi in a comparativels low hairier. NevciilM:' is one principal clianiiel and several smaller Init a\ailalile chaiiiicis tliroii>:li to the Iiiimi';4Ja. l''roiii a point iiilhc canal two miles east noillieast tiom DiMovei;. i l.i^dil a course can lie I, ml w lilcli w ill carry a vessel tliroii;;h more than one half the clia>ii.< 11 sudden and sli.ii p c!ian;:e to the noiiheasi will, with a sli^;lit change, take a vessel i Ir. the ^'iiil. Tlie lirst course i.s north thirty si-M'ii de;;rees west (N. .'17 ' \\ .) for .sixteen and one li ,'i to liet wi'en Stnail and .Moiesli.\ Islands; then northeast for seven miles ; last noilhihpr luiir miles, to midway lietweeii I'atos Isl.iiid and Satiirna Island. ,1 csm/ iitii.'.l /nis tliisi intli in iiilli till liilr.st thiirls <>r n fiimil fiilnl. Comineiiclii;^ ,it the staitin;; point we lia\e Sun ■liuiii lalnini' on the east w aid, ,iml | tlie distance of o: ,• and a half miles. The cniient rips arc soinelimcs ipiiie iiaiij;eiin |^ moll 111 ai lis of .S.iii .liiaii use to one thousand and ei^;lit\ six feet, and some of iln in aieonls |.i; covered with wood. The liliills are \ erv piccipiloii.-, and inaccessible, and thedcpthof uah: to them is as miich as one hiindred and tifty fathoms. * N'llliiril S.iii .lii:iii •.» i:n;;li'-li Ailiiiiiall.\ 1 liiillsnT 1-17 :iiiil I -.V.I ; llillivin" \i\ I lie IIiiiImmi llaj Ciiiiip e;\ liy till) I'liihil Slittin l':\|>liiniit: i:\|iiililioii, l-ll. <"Ii:itilirl, l..!u,.,.|| illl^cs i|> ii:i,.,i||,J I'l'll iriiMiii il .;, t ■X tlllCC l;ll!., ,,( iliiilfi, r II,,' . i,,,n^ ) li;lKiii;^ c,ii< il i'|illl til' ^^,-.,,1 I'l-* "lil\ (111, ,■ |.,| 1 i|ll'lltrl .,| ,, ,. li all ofW,, !,,■ il I'll Ins , ', 1 "I llsfdVcl \ 111 I,, I>iill I''rillir ,,i I, , i.U llii'rii. (i, ill, III )!■ tin- SIIMIS ||,,|| : Islil lie S;iii ,1 I 111' I'll. I III,, •■ ,i|| II' ('iiii.il ,!, I ICllillllll ll,,|.|,. || I'^li'in M,| I's ( 'llMll;, i I' ,:^ ' III' till' Il r. \ . ,||j{| :•>. Till < i . , (]e i.ll 111 iii'\c\ III 1^:, ; :i|[ i»'l Wl'l'll III, 1) ,ii|. llic uoi mhI \m \ (M.sl III' I I! >||, liiriil IU.,:,| :;,^ In IIm- Ii, I'I: I'M'llliii. -. li 1^ till' liimiil \t iij I>1M-1I\1'I\ I'll III' I'lllllll,! I. ill N'CSM'I I lll,ii' 111 ml OIM' hall I . Ij nth iiiii II,'' , Hlisl /iiis^ ';. Ill, .iml I'I (i.lllj^rliii! li arc i(iil\ |Mi;i;i llll of U.lll'l , I I ( 'iiliip.HH : !'■ ?^^"i»;?^»!iirvvo i^mimmt- V. ■-'-fmi -"^?it'"*'*5S?C^H^-^''-Si-^- Mi'init Siiiliv.i. . -J,:!;)!! f,.(.|. OiHfoven Muii.i l,i«i,i-li.,iiM', .laiii.'« i.,laiiil. N\V. I.- W .. •(! l„ll.-H. i,^:' rm-gm^mae San ,hian Isliitiri. Mount Dftllas, l.ORiJ fent. "■ — „-'lllS■»'•^•*■■•■.^f-■«'•■'J^W■ Siilnrv IkIuikI Stuart Ulan.l. Honry Fslan.I. Sai, Juan Island. Kiu M Kurks Litfljl-liniBe, V. by K. ^ K., 1^ mile*. Mount Milf.H. Vancouver IbIroiI. rt I'M 'J^S ^ "ii m^v ,' ^,n. Mm- 1 ,i tti Hf^ «; « J- ' m f i''.' : 1 i 1 i i^i4 ii'jiliiJiii'iy^i/^^-' , jt^.v,,fiv vjl^p; !! ^ -"• f 1^ - 1 p-7i'!Fii««'»:^:r^:i°r!l:S;;iii Discnvnry iHlaiul Lif(ht-house, NW. f N.,()iiiil.-N. Cana) de Haro. ■ '>.^-, ritL. i iim i' MiJ i w W.1-, mjiifeii'kj^!^ Cloud and liaze; higtil^indg not vUil 'I'illlfli.'- 4,r:r ifi, Moiiiit CoiiHtitutioii, »A'1H feet. N.|E.,S6inll«l. Nobof Orcao, 1,104 f.-ot. Landmark for Midillo t'Imiitii'l PoHHagtt, Canal do Hitro. )ud and liaze; tiigliiands not visible. i t I h fri' r-i^ !', :i' ^i- t I ..;* w^ i: :, .*.»', KiMwv5Ki." ■ «,te!Kt--' ^m^&S^*'^^'^^^ I'litiiN l-ihllill .-:? '-"^^'msi&^^^s^^m^mm^^ M;iii;i Irti:iiiil. S. K.. ^ iniU-.i. Ur^ nil s.iiiirti.i l'v C. 4 iiiili'ti. ^'VMi. ^T'^?>j*»i.i#'«»»"-, Tiiii!>' Hark, I,''"" ''■•■l- im!i-». Miiu^i Kii^t. S|r<('|M! -% ;--rf wmmm ''i i ^ ^ v H ,; ^gg4r'^-^---: i^v»i^jy^fy:y Bar.' iHliiiid. S. i W., ;IJ unkH. Cniml rriiB l.lIM Ir.-t, S. liy K. J K . ^ iiiilfH. Ur'ii-' l>iliiiiil. Caiiiil ilf llari), Niirtl] Kiilriii, Uiiii>;la.-' Clianiii'l. tttN^. .. ■ -.',;'■' '^-^ *■'!;■''■:• ',"'■ ■''■■■'• ■ ■ , ■■ ^ "r ■: ■' ■■ •■ . }'•.•>• n';:i, '>'.< •.! " ■ . , ^ ■■ ' '.^ , ,* ■^.•';i^ *^C':"'- ■.•.-'.'■■^;-^v»0/'^ .-.^ *•''". ■■:,•.- '^■.^ A .'"(• IS'Sl-hm ' * ■■^^^ }V)iiil Ikiughls. SK. liy.S.. If iinli'H TurtlM Back Knnge, l.tlOU fri't, i '■»« I »'y'-:-i*; ,fe:-- '!» -•f* ^W^'*«.. . Eiitriiiicii fri)m SAV I'mii.k Skipjack IhImihI, S. Ipy W. j \V,. 4 iiiilfH. ^''I'^t I't.iiit,
  • l I.I I'ach'K" coast rii.oi'. :>.)( To tin' wpstwiinl iiro Doiifrlns iind Cliiilliaiii Islmids mihI tlio niiiiii slioic of Vancouver Islaiiil iii;iiL,il liy ii rallifv low, Kin^'li, lock.v shore line, willi iiiininoiis roiiiiil top|ii'(l liills ami iiioiiiitaiiis ,,l i,i,"li'ialf clcvalioii. The ^MvaliT extent of the strait or eanal is to the wi'stwaril of the (-oiirse riMii. slietehiii;; oil' into lia.vs anil iiassa;,'es anionj; the islands. COKIWORANT BAY,' VANCOUVKR ISLAND. I oiiiiorant I'.ay is the only available anehora^'e aliont this entrance, ft coinniences at, (ionlon ||,.,il live miles norlli sixty three (le;;rees west (N.(;:i \V.) from Discovery Island Iii<,'hl house ; ill,. II >ii(i(hi's westward for two miles, and firadnally curves to the north-northwest, witii a long i,..^|i I III), hrokeii and liriuhl at I'mriirliiii llcailyi (onr and oiu'lialt' miles north fifty six de;,'rce,s »,-! (%..■)(»' \V.) Irom (lordon lli'ad. Half a mile liack ol the .southwest |iart oC the liay rises :i l.ol(l KicKy topped hill, named .Moiinl l)oii;;las.i which reaches a heifjht of six IniiKiredand ninety lici. Tiicre is anchora^M' in eiylit to ten fiilioms. ImcsIi water is olitainalile on tin' southern >|ii>ie.- cif the iiay. Thi' northern limit of the liav is /^nv 7/ /.>7((/(//,l mirtli oin- ijuarter west four iiiilc- li Cioidon Head, and mi this course, and one and three iinarters miles from the head, is /,,„ /,'r.,/,.t a small white rock showin;; a lew leet above water, with plenty of water around it, lull loiil liotloni and a iiatch of kelp a {'rw hundred yards ninth-northwcstof it. ZI'.KO !!()( K HI^AfON. A W'nodru lUvroii has l>een erected on Zero K'ocU near its middle. The rock is awa.sh at hi};!' \v;iici. The Ittddii ix iii/iiimiilnl, tlilrl\ feel in height, siirinounted l>y a]>oleaml frame in the shape iif .111 olielisk twenty feet hi;;li, niakiii- the whole structure fifty leet aliove the water. The wholu i> wliilcwashed. \i one mile and at a mile ami a ipiarter west of Zero i;,)ck aic two.si/H/,c» rocks. In the hay a ,!(|i|li of not over twenty falhoms is Ion ik I, decreasinj,' ii rci^iilarly in advanciii},', I nit in the southern |iniiinii aifordin;;' capital holdiiii;' in leu fathoms. A mile and a iialf east-.soulheast from (iordou Held .lie patches of kelp and foul liotloni. I'la- details of this western side see the \'aneouver Island Pilot. When ei.uht and a half miles wiiliin the entrance of the Canal de Ilaro the width of the .•iliaii decrea.ses to tliicc and a (pnirter miles, having' Daicy Islanil (low and wooded) on the west, HJili a •l pnini into the c.inal. In ciic of these liclds we discoM-red in lS.")t a sharp-pointed rock, winch Ims lieeii II, lined I'liif /I'ci/..; It lies east liy south ti\ c ei;;hths south ( 11. by S. ' S.) l>oin llic soiillieast point of H.iicy Island and distant from it tliree-ipnirters of a mile. The sinalUharp ;i|M-\ (if this lock rises abiiiit lliree feel above the veiy lowest tides. In recu'iit charts deep water i« placcil annind it, and w hen Hie Coast Siii ve.\ bii^^ l-'iiinilli roij beat thron^'h the field the existence III I his danj^er was unknown. KI'.l.l' KKKl', CANAI. I))'. IIAKO. Since the discovery ol I 'nit li'oi'k several sinikcn rocks have bei'ii discoveriMl farther out towards llic middle of the strait. Tlieie is a space ol' iicail.s one sipiarc mile, with I'oiir lUinijiix marked by kelp. The soiitln .istein oiii^ iincovei-i at the lowest spriiii; lilies; it is se\ en and one-fourth miles iieilli thirty deurees west ( N. ■'!<> NN.) irom hiscoveiy Island la^lit-hoiise, and only two and luM thuds miles from San.liian Nl.iiid. The next one to the north ward has two fathoms of water ii{Min it and lies iicariv li.ill a mile iioilh of the I'urmer, or .seven and a h.ilf miles norlh twenty- ii-lit decrees west (N. .'.S \V.) fnnn l>lsiiiver\ l>lainl I a 1; hi house. In the mid channel of the .^ll,lit bctwci'ii this kelp reef and San .Iiiaii Island, the dejilh of water is one hundred ami forty ' ihiiiii.s and the currents run from ihice to six miles per hour. I'he island to the e.i.-.| u aid, iie.iil.v abreast of Dai'cy, with a small cove at its .siait hern end, >> //')(/•// lsl , piecipiloiis front, and a swirlin-- current around it. Il his on the northwest part of San .In. m Island, and ihe .l/(>M//^^. r// ( t ■iM !m- .r: Ifei .. r )58 PACIKK" COAST I'll.oT. "/"'I/ wator, runs In'twcon tlii'in. Fiiitlicr nii. iiiiarc.v. with tho Ihl h'oikH hctwcfn tluni. !, .1 i,,.,, Sidiii'.v. Tliis islaml is not liiy:li liiio tlinsn on tlic caslcrri siil«> of tlic cliaiiiicl, aiitl a I 1; Im - 1 easilv made at any point of its sliorc. The canal licrc, ten niilfs from thu I'litrancc, is iwum,! Ilin'c qnartcr miles witle. To tin' eastward it opens lievond the nortli ul. The island near the canal ;- iluih,! llali'ont Islam). I The moderately low, w(MMled islands, three or four miles ahead, ami on n,, western side of the i-hanm-l are named on the latest charts. I Set ween them rnnslhe insiiir. li nm,.! for steamers to the Nanaimocoal mines. The l)ack;;ri and of the view is oe(;n|iied In '.viKuIni islands, oveiiappiii}; each other and appearing: like a cDiitiinions shore. The hum' liiuli 1 ! i,.| ii the 4'astern sid*-, liltccn miles from the I'litrance, \ri Shutrf lsliiiiil,\ and the canal is inn. cnn tra«'led to a breadth of si|ii.iii. ujn, sonndin^^s from live to twenty fathoms. It is known as AnivlDW AVr/', and lies nearl\ niiil\\;n between Mon'sliy Island and the island to the sontlicast. It is west of the line Joiiiiiifi llir im>|(||| points of the island. I'letwecn this reef and Stuart Island, but near tho latter, there is ;i iliiiil, ni one hiimlicd and seventy ei};lil fathoms. One mile northwest of Stuart Island adcpih ni hii.. hnndred and ninety fathoms is found. There are very stronj; and heavy current rips in tlii>|iu' of the canal. Stuart Island in many places is very hi},'h and ]ireci|)itons, and covered with tiiiilnr. lnii ;;; some jtarts sparsely. Near its southwest head a perpendicular wall of rock serves aKu in ,1:, tinj;uish it. After passin;; the western end ot'this island at the distance of a mile, tiir ili.iiin,! takes an abrupt turn to the eastward, and the (Inlf of (Jcor^'ia is seen with I'alos .uhI Siii;,i Islands in tlic l'ore;,'roiiiid. Tin- course now is northeast for .seven miles, havintr on the nniiliw,.' side I'encler anil Saturna Islands, which rise into nioiintains of one thousand and four liiniilinl feet elevation, 'hira lliii(l,i ncai tiie eastern extremity of Satnrna Island, stands up mi;iiiIi\ nearly .seven liundri'd feet, but the extreme iiart, called Kast Point,!: is a lonfj, Nlopiii;; |mpiiii, m many ]ilaces destitute of iii'cs. The small island lyiii'.; oft' its north shore is Tnmbo. J Wli.n Java Head bears northwest one iinartcr west distant one and twothinis imlis. iW cast point of Salurna Island bears ninth «piaili'r east distant three miles, ami Skip|.iri> 1-1, n,., bears east half north distant one and sevcn-ei;;hths miles, the course is cliaii};ed to nm iImimu'i cast for four miles, which l)iinj,'s a vessel between the «'ast point of Satnrna and the wcsi |"'iiii ni I'atiis Island. in the staiboard hand the waters open well to the sorthe.-st, and the islands ri-ic 111 huh hillsiind mnmitains. The lai'^e island abreast of .lav. i Head is \\iuln>ii,i which ha^*;: LumIimi ap> olV its southwest siilc, wlier«' the shore line curves well in. The western ])oint i- lim aiul sand\ ; the southern, calii'd I'nint //i.v/ifi/, | is itcrpcnibciilar, liiK'b anil roi'ky. Oil' its nciilnni lace lie two islets, called the SLipidrl: J.sliinils. \ The western one is about one mile fimii ^^ :hili"! moderately lii;,'h, and wooded; the eastern one, named Hare Island. «| is the smaller, ami 1- 1'"' ' forty feet hi;,'h, destitute of tn'cs. but covered with >.'rass ; it lies a mile east of the fuiiiii 1. !:• tween these islaiiils lies a nunLfn r«cl:, and the current rushes by with ;;reat velocity. On the charts of the rnitcd States ICxplorin^' Kxpeililiiui, ISll. two islands, called AilnI|M]ih and (ieorp', are laid down close to the Skipjacks, but in IS."),', we examined the vi(iiiii,\ ami il'> covereil that they did not exist. When Kast Point bears northwest by west three \ l.nw Inlaiiil. t Naiiiiil li\ till' fiiiliil .Siali"* Kx|iliiiiTiH i;\|iiMliiiiiii, l-ll. \\ Nainr.l tiy till' I'lilti"! Slalih Kxiilniiiit; i;\|Hilili(iii in 1-11 1 (m tlir I'.iiylisli Aiiinirally < liail "I I-' '■ • I'lillnl .M.Mian h ll.ail. II So ralliil liy till. I'liitiil Slat.■^^ K\lil(iriii>; i;x|ir.litii>ii in I-ll. Nanitil \V >ilt.il Islaml ami liai.' l-ln'l '" I' S. ("iiaNt Survey in IK.'.;!. 1 Nam. ..I liy llic I". S. •' >aHt Snrvry in I-.'.:t. 1 >m Ailniirally rliart, •.'(•►-'.•, ciilinl l'i.ri);iiiii iNlaml. ► il •■•'" >ll"lll. In, .ir 'I, illul II l.liiiliii^, j^ itnillCC, IS I 'A,, ;|||,| •Il'lirV Isl;||„l, ttitll •Ic nC li.iiM-. II, i,,,,^, ■III illlil lllc I, 111,, I I, " •iii^il i- ii;iiii,.,| aliciid, mill 1,11 III,, l,Slllfill.S|rl|,,,l|;||,||,.; 'wipii'd hv u |,.,i ill-Jit' hi.uli i>!, II,, 1 1,1, IMIlJll is ll, I,. ,,,,|| orcsliy I si, I II, I |m„^, I fVdin till, ucviiii, 1 rock <'i)\('i'n| at ,1 I niih' S(|ii.ii,., \iiiii lies \w.\\\\ niidw.iy .jolniiin' llictM,>i,.ni tlicrc is 11 ilrjitl, ,it 111(1 a (Irptli 1,1 ,,;„. !ii(, rips ill tills |Mi! ntll tilllllfl, ',11! ;;; w serves ills,, ],, ,1,, mill', till' rliiiiiii,! (h I'alos mill SiicM a on tlif iioiiliui'^' I 1111(1 Iblll' liiiinliiil amis up \iiiii;iii\ U, sidpiiij,'- |iii]|il, ill iinl)().| o-tliirds iiiili-s, i|„, 11(1 Skipj.irk M,ii„i ctl tt» Mill til iHir'i I tlu' west p, ml ,,| slaiuls risr III lii.-h 'll ll.is ;,;imm1 .liirli.i; II piiillt is \t\\\ ;iii,| '. Ollits llnMllclli HJlo IVdlll \\';iiilliilt, lallcr. ami i- ,1'"' )!' the rmiiii : I'' iicily. s, calltMl Aili''piii|> ic vicinil> \\:-'\ ll - V. ; W.l tu., :n 'r. mil. ty rliail ..I I- . i ;iiiil lt:iir Nil),, mil. ^f^m:^:!miMM^^'''''''^:^$^ •'l iiiIIi'm. rniiilio iHlamlH. ■'1*1*' 1 ^- .:'V N'lirtli Kiilraiii r r:iMiil ill' Han >uluj iiu Inluiiil V ■'% Turtle Biirk Kaugc, l,<;UO feet, «H m\\en. Point IliiiiilMiiiiil, SE. J S , .'i inil(."8. jJ9 Hinil llll•»^. .SiHiiiu'l IslaiKl. 1 1 ll n H ll m If tit 1 'll ial IV SMit; V li / :«■ i! i 1 ^iHil-l M .a , I •' ) I I 1 ': vJ ! ! ' i ■ h mm \^ m i !r! I \m i\'i i * -^ ,.>•*• tafV-A-wl ■> .{: **«K«» .,.->. Hatnriiu IhIrikI. Cannl di- Han), North Kntram .• Kiisf P., lilt l.iglii liiMiHr, rnmlMiClunii.'l. S\V, t,v W. J\V,, i:iiMilr«. tei»i.-i=4i%ifcaag.iHia -irjn t >» : ( |i i l y j, . jpjti jjiKiK^ Morfuliv IhIhikI, S\V., II luiles. I'midur iHlaiid, SW. i W., 9 mileR. Jav.i Head, 6( ''^;'5if|^iji>j4^4tst^^ '"•'^^;>''^:'^^r3'*!*^ lluro North Knlriincei Skipjnck IhIhikI. SHK , 4J iiiilcH, K<'t>f ofl KuHt PninI, I tuim. Knliiriiii Jnluiicl. *, H. In i: ii iiiileH ;l. li . Ill ■••■I' , I : III \>T I i'..:l-l S 'acii'k; coam I'li.oi'. 5:)!) ,li,l,iiii, the west end of Patos Isliiiid* will U'-.w imilli noitlifiist two iiiiil a lialf iiiilcs, aixl ti III (if Siuiiadniiipt cast iiortlif.isl llncc ami a iialf inilcs; tin- couimi' out I si iMlwcfii I'.itos iiiitl Kast I'diiit, wliicli art; I 10 ics north iKii'tli- wo and I luce I'oiiitlis niilt's iipiii't. Hevcii iniles on ilrpll irsf rarries a vessel to the niiddl*' of Ihc (inll ordforf^iu. Close oil h:ast Point is found a .1 ono hundred and twenl.v I'al horns, and oil' I'atos Islainl oin- hnidred ami seventy fath- e iM;.';,'ed and irre;;- Ml these islands are nHideralel.v hit,di and eovered with wood. They ar III M)|IM' iii|MiNedof sandstoiM' and eon^iloineiale, upheaved until the strata aces, and interspersed with small \eins oj' li;rnite, lie nearly peipendieular Wisl's i!(inh\ lies soiilliwesl l»y west seven eighths west (S\V. I»v W. " \V one mile from tho ,,,iiilniest point of Sn(Ma; it has less (han two fathoms of water upon it,an-,' -jn" nortli. I ■""Ki •"'••• l-.';i l;t' .'.n" «.■«!. The Western I'oiut of Stuart Island, at the sharp turn of the cunal, is in — l"ililil(lr [» 11 lIlMt iinrtll. l,(ili;;ilinli' I',':! 11' Ow .8 wist. I'iie West Point of i'atos Island is in — I.aiitiKl.' .1^ .|7' t)-,",r, ninlli. I.IIIIL'illlllc IJ ,>' O'.t '.» went. ICast Point of Saturua Island i> in — l.ntitiiili' I.I itiiih i\n-> if: r.;i .7 nortli, i-.';'. »•.' I') .7 wist. i'lnni Di.scovery Island l.iuhthousc to Turn I'niiit, the western point of Stuait Island, tlio lh^l.llM■l• IS si.tteeii niili's, and the Itcaiiii;;- northwest liy north half north (NW. !iy N. .[ N.), tho imii^e passes o\ er the eastern vt\.|iows a rcrolriinj irhilc liijhl, t>\' whivh ihv JIh.sIick .iti.nii their },n'eaiest hrilliancy every thirty .seconds. I'lie focal iilaiie of tlu' liy;lit is one liiindred and forty-live feet above hifjU-water mark, and is imI'N', from a lici;;iit of lifteeii feet, at a disfanee of eif;litecii miles. t 111' .SpaiiiHli iiiinii'. I'litoM slf^iillirs (;ri'.. l-ll. I'lir .SimtiiHli iiiO ."^iiriii sifjiiilirs mil ', Calliil tiiiiinl Islam! h.v llii' fiiitcd Statt'.s I'^xiileriiif; Kx pod it ion, lilv. Till' liailMir nil llir I'aHt lias a .snft iiimlily Imttom. 'I'lir I'liitcil 'i:iii> IvspliiriiiK r.Npiililiiiii lallril Ihiin tlif I'l nival Cnuip. l-ll. 'I'lir Imlian iiaim Cli. ixi-sa-iinii^ liii i^rcil unit iiai 1 liv tlir I'. S. Coast .Siiivi'V, Is.'iS. Callnl riiiiiipi Ki'i'rnii Kii'Misli Ailiiiiralt.v cliait, ia'.i>. *Tlii« Stuart Cliaiiiirl nf llii' AiliiilrallN iliarts ami Ailiniral Kiilianls's •• Vaiituiivcr Isliiml I'ilnt," ami also iil'tlio :i>l Snivi'v iliarls, is that nin' IviiiK ImIhitii Ailiiiiral Islaiiil ami tlie main nliniv of Vaiicnuvfr Island, and not I ri'ai'hiiig tii any piirt of llii> Canal dn llitni. J I m i B p J Mft iX I l?k •Mi*) I'Aciiic coAsi' ni.oT. Till' an- illiiiiiiiiatiMl i-xlcnds lliniii;;li L'TS •_'(•', rnim mn •liwcsl \>y west (|iiait<'r wivsi \\\ W. \ \V.) romiil li\ lln' imilli, cast, ami soiiili to Noiilliwfst half noiiiIi (SW. \ S.). 1 1,,, i,,,, toursc clears .lava Mead at two ami tlir iiiartfi's iiiiU's from tin' iJKlit, and llir foiimi cuiin passes (i\er the eastern i>tiint of Tiimtio Island, ono mile distant. Tlie li;;lit slmnld nut lu« ai>|iroaelieil williiii a mile and a half from tlio tiortliwestuini, ^,| to keep elear of till' daiiKt'i'ons ;;idund 4)tf the casfeiii end of Tamho Island, and alsom ii,.||„|f ei'n exlremity of l">asl Point. (The three I'atliom line eMends six hundred and ivveni\ v.iii|,| the norliieastward Iromthe prolon^^ation ol Tumlio and Satiirna Islands, with kelp miiMih., m roeky, irrey;nlai- Imttom.) WhenavesMi is hound northward throu;:h the Canal de Ilaro the litrht will l>e \ i-iiMr ns mJ as she is up with 'rurn I'oinl. the western exiiemit.v of Stuart Island. The yeo;jra|'liieal position >!>. the mafiiielie vaii.ition was L"_' .">!' east, with an animal deereasi' i.i o ; I'lom I' .1 l.iyht house the liearin^js and distances to important o!iiect.s arc — San.N lliail I.i-lii. I'rawr Ifivir N. r.d \V. !'.•{ iinl.H I'oint UmImtIh. «f.Kt N. :i| \V. II i iiulc-. I'.lilll HcllMTlH.lMst N. 1- W. Hi llllll'. Ilirili Point, lieilli sicl,' llirrh l!:iy N 'JO K. l:t inili-. Tnint WliitflKHM.minlli -nil" Hire h It.iy N. ;i:'. l',, l".' inilo. WiwliTii ]M>iiit I'iiliis I«l;niil N. lid i;, :i niilrs. Ilniiy .m Aldiii's Hank N. Ciii ■ |;. i» niilcs, I'oint I,a« iiMirr. Orias Inland, IJn'^.ini) .>. Tnrii r.iiiit. \Msl 1 ml Stiiaii l.^lanil S. Ilnj \V. ',4 ihiIch .lava llra.l .'^. M' \V. 'J* inilrs. Thv liiiiiiiilanj line Itetwecii the I'liiteii States and I'.ritisli Coliiinbiii jtasscs from iln tinin Cieiir;;ia to the Strait of Fiica tliiou;:h the iiiiddle of the Camd dc llaro, so that all iIm »< and lands east ol that line are within the Territory of Watiliiii^^ton. The niimtierot' islaiuhs and the intricate chaiiucls l.xiiij; between the Canal dc Ilmniihl li'osaiio Stiait we sliall not attempt to describe. A proper appreciation of then -; oiii rclaiiiiii and of the clianticis bet ween them can only be had by consultitij; the chart. Ilninij .Survey chart No. (ISI ^jxcs all the known information on the .subject. THE KOSAKiO STRAIT, lvo,sario Strait ih the eastern of the two inincipal chaiiiu'l.s riiniiiiif; throupli the V\ :i>hiii. Sound, between \ancou\er Island and the mainland. Itssoiitheni entrance is sixteen in h ~i, of tiie soiithein entiance to the <'aiial dc llaro, and lies north by cast kc^^mi miles ili>i.iiii Ini Smith's Isl.iiid l.iu'ht-iioiise. It is four and a ii llir i:nKli>li A.linirally cliaii .if l-V.» lali.-.l WalMM.iiih 11; ■ in 111.' iniMiit cliarl Walnmnlli ll.-iul Tin' Indian ii.uin' is N..o( li.i:id Uwnn, I VaTn.inv.r ilctiTinin.'d it to !>.. an inlanil in t7',»'. In I-ll lln- I'nil.'.l Stall's I',x|d<)iln;,' Kxixdilioii nnin: Cliaiin.vy'H l-ilaiid. Th.' DnfjllHli Admiralty .liartof 1-lT lia-. il l.oi.c/ Island, an.l it is iihv.-iys known i.\ il -m oil tlt(^ coast . t Naiii.il liy till' r. S. Co.iHt Survey in l-.'.l, y.Niiimxl on tin' 1;ii;.1imIi Ailiiiiially iliarl <>( |S.V,I; m KM \\r. disc-ov.r.il and iiaiii.'il it Knlr.ini.' K." i ^^P" iiailtT wcsi \\\ A'. X S.). ii„. i,,||^ ml till' (i)l!n.'i n,|in iKirtliwcsivi.ii.i, ^,1 imI also III h,. ,,„|i| ami i«ciii\ \,,,,|. illi Kelp out, nil. ,111 ill Im vKiMi :is . '■'* Ihllri •-'* iiiili'^. ■iscs I'roiii ihi (ii «> that all till' tviul anal .in liiM-liail. Tlii'iiJ mpli t!"^ W :i>liiii:t^ 1 is 8i\lct'ii mill i'i\ miles (li>i.ii(i III! vvesterii iMiiiit (if tl is four liiiiiiln il ,i4 • Hcveral i(irl,\ i>li (I Siiutliwoi l^iiiiil , ami aliiiiit mn tiiil , at a y B , « miles. North Entrance, KoHnrin^tr«it. Oread, Clark, and liann'r* Itlands. I.nnimi Mouutaii., l,r.6(i feet, 8E. by E. * E., U miles. Rosario Strait, North Entrance. ■■.-: -^^^^^^^%. ce, RMwric. Strait Mount Con.tltnlinn, 2,423 feet, W.J.y 8. | S.. fij miU«. Entrsnce, linnnnn Strait. Clark, and liariicrt Itlands. r-*'^: ,:„,^*^;;:--;'j , North Entrance. Cypre8H Island. LakuMoQiitaiu. mma rAoii'iC! COAST ni.or. .01 ;i Till' v.IidIo soiitliorn Ucv of IiO|i,./. Islan.I is -iianl...! by n.cks anil reefs. Tlie islainl ilself is v,.iv o.'Uy and niotleralelv low. On part, of it^ .suulliern elilV near leeher- I'oini' ue discovuretl ji, b.i niiiarlial)l\ (iee|> and .sinooili marks of {jjacial acliini. riieca>lern si.Ie of Hie soiitlieni cnlrance to Hie sir.iil is forineil by the ii(.HI,,vesl iioinl ., \VI,i,ll>e\ Man.l, wlileii is not very proi ,innil, ami by S„rrs llni.l, whieli'is the Imld uwly face o. llio.HilhwesI ii.irl of iM.lal,:.;!. Islaii.l. iMyomi ami o\ er Saivs II, ad i i,-es .M,.iiiit la ie.oiie tlioiisaiid IJiKi' iiiliidred feet above the sea. (Ill :lie eastern side of the ciitraiiee to the stiail there is a sniail w.M.ded island, tiliy or sixty Hrl hi,-h. I,\in^' in the nioiit'i of Deception i'ass. It is imt ipiile li.ilf a mile west imi ilnvest from llieiiu.aloi' Whidbey Island, and half a mile .southwest from the nearest point of Fiilal-o Island. iii;ci;fii(iN I'Ass. At the eastern side of the strait at the eiilr.iiiee there is an intricate and very narrow three- iiilli ihaiinel, very nearly three miles lon^, rmiiiini; lietween the north end of Whidbey Island am! ihe.soiilh end of I'idal-o Island.' and ma.-ked by l)eeept;,in l.-laiid. It is the r.oea de I'lol ,,r i;ii/a, IT'.II, but it is now known only by the apt ilesii^nmti.iii -iven above. \ .ineiiiiver ealle.l it Deeepiiiiii Tassa^'e in I 7-. i| throii;;li it fnmi the eastwan! ; and it is known b\ no oilier on this t'oa^l. Ill the middle of thiM-ntrance. to Itosario iStrait \'aiieoiiver anchored in thirty-.sevea f.ithoms Ml u, Iter over black, lunddy lioltom. Tlieie are two dangers in tho entrance. At the sonlhwest point there is the Davidson Itock, al!i,Hl\ desia-ibed, paj{C olilt. At the easlein side the l.tlic.siiii h'l , f. I>uii>tiiia '.'itn.1. — A'.-"- l/ujUt. — "On the southwest point ol I'idalt,'o Island and on the norili side (if llic western eiilrance to ii^eccptioii I'as-i a Ji.ml ichiti I'nihl has been pi. iced on a white post, rill- l!;,dit is a lilt'e more than one li.df a mile west of the nari'owcst |iaii of the jtass." ( )iitsitle of \' he- Deception Island at a distance of l >' " , |iji,|s of a niile. flic post is live feet hi^h, ci,:;lil feet back from the ed-e of the rock\ cliiV, and about forty it above liif,di water. I'lom this Ii;;lit the north wes' point ol Whidbey I si. i ml lies south south west (SSW .1, di.-taiit a liidr o\ei half ii mile; and Deception Island southwest by west half west (.SW. by \\ . \ \\ .). riie liijiil v\as established Oi'ti ber 1, Isss. i.AWsnx i;i:i'.i". This is :i very danuerous rocky led.ue lyin;; one ami three-fourths miles diri'ctly oil' Hie western in 1 1,1 nee to Dceepiioii l'a>s and j 11 -I in the son the. i-l pill ol Hie m mill ciitr.inci' to Kosaiio Strait. I iic i;i-iierai dll'i'cl ion of Hie led.L;e is iioit h .iml soul li, and w il liia the c:j;lil fat lioiii ciir\ e il is 1 hlce- Mili-ofa mile in Iciiu'Hi and ihn'e-teiillis of a mile in bii'adih. The kelp patch markiiiu it is i il; I mile liMiLj north and south, and lies ovia' the are.i of Hie reel. Iiavini; si\ I'athoms of water ;iiiil less. It was \cl\ dense .iiiil l.llii^leil .it the I line of Hie c\,iiiiiii,il 1011 in D Tl le siioaie -I'u; IS one hundred and .seven I y yards in c\ I cut. ami 1 1,1- Hi tee and threefoiirtlis fathoms of wibc .{•'II it. The bottom is rocky and ii ic^nhii, and tlicie are -I'veial piaiits ha\iiii;no moretha iiineand oiieipiarter fathoms ol' uater upon them. < its edues. cr IS iiail all am iiiiil Hie !.elp liel I he de|(tll ot water incre.ise s \cr\ Miili Icniy a' a> irom tiie reef, bat iiiori' pailiciilarl> on I liMiMieast side, w here aile|(tli of lliiity lallioms is found within two hundred yards of the tei i.i'.iioin (Mil \-e. (Ml the west side the t hirly-fathom enrve 'ies a (piaitcr of a mile I'lom the tcii- l.llliom. Wilhin h.tif .1 mile flom Hli' lid;;e on the east and south sides Hie depth ol the waUa' is till \ lallioms and iiioie. i'lie follow iii;f bearili!,'s and dlstainc: 111. liked by a bnoy : |iriT|i|iiin I -lain! itc the sho.desi p.irt of this dariucr, winch is not .\el N. .'.a 'I'lii- \vi'.>.t |iiiiiit III' I III II HUM l-laiiil, ii|ii n l'> llir ursl |Miinl cilWILiii l-l,iiul N. .Siiiilli !>laiiil 1. 1,1; la liipii.-M- S. I'l.iMi I'.lllllil;;^ s. Ill 1; l.T.'i iiiilc-i. l.'i mil.'.-.. ',.'■> iiillcs. h>..'> iiilio.s. .S'aillnl li\ I 'ii' I'. .S. I'li.lsl .S|,l V i'\ iill-.il ri.lal'.^u l-laiHl «.i- iiaiiii il .M.i (I.' I'hl.ikH \'\ i;ii..i .mil Naiviiiv in IT'.H. I'lii' liiilcil Siali.-* lAiiloruij; I'xi'i'ililiiMi (-.■illi'il ii I'lriA.i l-laiiil. I7LM2 I' — :;•; / / 562 rAciric COAST ni.oT. li \i f I i ji r. I ■\Vlu'ii at tlio soiitluTii iMiliiUicc to Wosaiio Sliiiit, ami one and ii liall" luilcs Cioin tli. u^m,.,. side, a liiu- imsscs dear of fvcrytliiiij,' tVoiii one end of ilit> strait to tlio otlior. Tliis ruin.,. ,, liortli liy west lialf west (X. l.y W. .] W.). and tlie distance is niiieleeii and a lialf i.nl , , '■ iiortli entrain". It ]»asses l»elween liinl and lielie IJoeks, and almost tan;;ent to I'ojnt l,.i«n.|,, oil Orcas Island. The view tliioii;,'li tin- strait is quite sfrikin'r; on tin' eas; 'in side aiv the mod. latrlv 1,14 islands. Allan, two Imndred and tliiny feet, ami I'.niiows, six Inindred and foiiy feet, wini,. ,.,[,, of them is Mount l'',rie, one thonsanil two linndfed ami litly feet lii.uh, and Sat,'ar l.o.if, uiic ilmf sand and sixtv feet liij^h, l>olh on I'idal-o Island ; I'aitlnT noilhwanl is Lake .Monniaiii, uiu' ilimi sand the linndred and I iii|,. is \Vainu)n;.di lle.id, lour linmlred ami lifly leet lii,i;h, on Lojie/. Island: a moiiulain on l!|;ili,.i, l.slaiid, one thousand and I'orty lour feet lii;;h, only three and one iinarter miles west liy s,,,,!!, from Lake Mtmnlain ; ami towards the northern entranee Mount Coiistit ntion, two thoiisaml \„n; liiindied and nine feel hij;h, on ( )reas Isiaml. There is a double lake half way down Ihi' ;i,.|ii, »'ast ll.ink of this inonnlain eleven hundre'o<'k is i)assed half a mile, and then steer iini ilef^rees west (N. .'i!. Mary hottum. There is a little pat<-li of ke!|> near the outer ed;^e, with si\ I.: water in it. The t.n f.ilhom lairve ol this e,i|>ilal anclnna;^!' lies outside the line ol < >'aiy and the western side of , James Island. In mid channel rise the /)'/».■ islancls ail' f.niiid inside. X'ancoiiv ei's hoals ev idently were in this hav . as his eliai I ;;i\ ■ > j.'eiiera! idea of It. The ancliur,i-e of Slicial I'li^hl cnntiiincs smne dis'aiii'e noilliu.iid i I'a.ss, and ahii'.ist of sume moderately lii;,'h w liite clilfs on I he .sont Inast I. ice ol Ulakcl.v I lu.i.i.i; i;imk. Ninth northeast three ipi.iricis of a mile fioin Ihrd I.'oeks lies I'.elle I.'ock. direct!, ••Iiaiiiiel, maUin;,' a verv danucious position. It shows Imir feel above the very lowesl tal. -. is covered 'oy a p.ilch of kelp, winch is, however, p'tierallv liiii under h,\ the slicii;;! I "I ■ N.iiii. .1 l.> il,.' 1. S. <',„i~l Sin WN ill I-.'. I l..i| IV I'.i-s is . all.il M,iiii\ I'.iss un llir Kn^lisii .Vilinii., I.-T.'.i, t \.iiii.-.| hy 111,, r. S. ('.i:i^l Siiivi'V in |s.-,|. We wrn ll.r liisl 1., ilisi ii\ i i tins ;i\ailaMi- :iii. limanr. P D.'ivis ll;i> I'll till' Kii.lisli Ailiiiii;ilt\ I hull lit' K''.*. tiall.il .Mllrnliini.ili Clrsrnil li.v llio I'llllnl Sl.lt. s I A |i|iil illi; lixp.'.ll I LiM, I - 1 1 ; IKlMliil 1,1111./ Ii> I i CoMl Siirv.'V III 1-;.|. V Nuiiie.l liy llir ImiIiiI Slat.'M h\|iliinii« ICvji. '.11111111 ,1-11. n^H k«* iiiilcs (Voiii tl " "l•^ll■||ll ' otlicr. Tins .•.MUX,. ,,1 and ;i liiiir 1,1,1,., |„ ,|,^, ^M'lit til I'oiiit l.,i\vr{'ii(v, ire tlic niuiii I ,, I,;,,;, '"mi ml folly liTi. , , ,> ,.|^. Ill Sli-;ir l.,Ml, .Hie 111,,,,. ;ili(' .Muiiiitaiii. iDii' ii,„,j, n'.stcni side of i!,,. ,;i,|,,| a moiiiilaii I!liikcii[ Ifl' miles Wi'^l !i_v ,s,,||,!,| Itioil, twt) Ili,p||s:iii,l |,,|,j| ill' wav /)i : ,S'<)/M'.; I s (>r w aler !h|' a il^;e, Willi si\ t.i de the line ul < fSinl I!,>,l.sA all.. Hid riiiiiiinu III liner sliiiw M II, em, (III tlie \\e>i. >eeatiir Island-.' ' I lie elianilel I'liii ' •/. i'ass.5 .S(.\ |.i ; IS Ills eliai I ;;i\ . nee iiiii 1 1,\\ aid ' I aee (it lilakeK I le l.'oek. direetiv le very liiwesi I lii' -. ' '!■ Iiy the siren;.;!! "I ■ Ihi' Iji-Ii-Ii A.Imiii.' hll.l,. :lll. Iliir:l^r. !' ; iiiuiiiil l.ii|ii'/. Ii> I I ' j >A n<>('t'|itii>D IkIhikI fniiii till' iiiNi< Deception UUu,l fr.„n th.. ,„,„l..: l.,ok„„ S„„th«o,t- .r.r, i I i 'i ■ , i;*. I B4S ■ it tr-., N PACIFIC COAHT I'lLOT. 563 [curroiits. The rip upon it can aonictiincs he seen when the water is smooth, but with Ii/,'ht wiiuls ami liif,'h tid -s ils existence would not be .suspeeteii. On all sides of it the water is very deep. jTlie extent A' the roek above water is about twenty I'eet scpiare. Wo discovered ami named this |daiiKerin 18.11, and while ere(!lin« a sii,'nal ii|)on it noticed that the tide rose nearly one and :i ' liiiir (cct while the current was vet ruiininK elib at the rate of three miles an hour. lietween it iiml the I'.ird I'ocks there is .i submarine rid<,'e with plenty of water, but marked by slvoii}; eddies uIm II the siirCaee is smooth. Hetweeii it and the nearest |)oint of I'.urrows Island to the eastward llic width of the channel is one and three fourths miles, with a deiith as ^reat as nine(y lathoin.s. The stcamshii> /i'(;^»h/*;ic ran upon this nick, also the pilot-boat /'«//(»•, and other vess(;ls. Near the ISclle Hock the currents run from two to tivi! knots per hour, with strong rips when the winds are adverse. A srcniid flitsHWIiintliiitiliiioi/, \r,uuivd black and marked " I'.elle H( ck,"' has been moored in eleven fathoms of water over rocky liottom about one hundred yards M.utli by oast (N. by K.) froiii the rock, and close to the outer ed;.M! oi' {]'.>'. kelp. In very smooth weather this buoy may tot whistle. Tills buoy was established in JIarch, IS.S'J. ^m FIDALGO ISLANO. On the eastern side of the entrain-e after passing I)e ,'eption Island, the face of Fidalgo Island is lii;;ii, precipitous, and bare for two or three miles in a northwest direction. This is called Saves lltiiiL* liehiiid it Mount Erie rises to twelve hundred and forty feet. The shore then sweeps to ihe north, chanjjing to the westward until abreast of, aiitl tw < miles from. Ucllo Hock. In the dci |i bay formeil by this western extension of the shore, and lyiiii; -veil olf sliorc, are the WiUiani- tiiii l{o(k.s,* a cluster of rocky islets, twenlysix feet hi};li, with deep water elo.se around them. Fkhii Deception Island they bear northwest two-thirds w.'st (X\V. rj W.) tliiee miles ilislant ; and fiuiii Sonlhwest Island, oil' WatiiKiii-h Head, northeast, ive miles ilistant. Half a mile m)rth- wiiid of them is Allnii Tslanit,* whicii is almut three (piartivs of a mile in extent and two liiindred Icet iii;;h, with ils southern face partly b^.;<'. A ijuarter of a mile olf its southwest face lies the Jhiii.s AV)i7.-. This is never bare, but its jiosition is marked liy a iiatrii of kclii. It has two feet of water upon it at the lowest sprinj;tides. We discovered this daiij^er in iSj-t. North of Allan Island, and separated from it by a channel a ay. The depth of water througiiout Ibirrows Hay ranges from tweatylive fathoms at the southern iiitrance to seven fathoms (in the east side of I'urrows Islaiul. Tin .icpth of water is goiid on the west side, but along tlu! entire eastern side the three-fathom ciirve extends out fully half a mile, and on thi^ edge of the three tat hom line east-nortlieast, one and one-ipmrter miles fio::. the siiiith point of Allan Island, there ai(> sunken rocks, (lood anchorage may be had in ten fathoms of water over sandy bottom when the passage beiweeii P.urrows and Fidalgo Islands bears west, and in ten fathoms near the unnamed jiassagi^ between liprrows and I'idalgo Islands. IJut near the chainiels themselves the depth of water is from twenty to liflcen fatlioms. \<:ir /,////l^— '• A fixed white Unlit on a white stake has been placed on the sandy .spit on the imrlli side of the bay" and nearly abreast the northern iioint of Uurrows Island. The light is about one-third of the length of the spit from the west end. The stake is lifteen feet high, and alioiit twenty feet north of the hiuli water mark. I'muii II. e stake the south tai'gent of (ireen m ' NiuiiimI l)y till' lliiitril Sliiti.t Dvpliiiiii),' Kxpc iMioii, IHll. ,l. ^i i i'.i ifi m'l i^i u ■A'lt i*k. &f •'i'i-t I'AoiKK! coAsr riiAvr. Point on ri(l;il;,'o Island ht'ius soulliwf.si by west tlirct- (iniirt«'r,s wi-st (SW. by \V. ,' W ii,„,,. iiniirU'i's ol' u milt'. Tliislifjlit serves us a •III idc tliroiiyli f.iinows Ha.v for tlic soiitliwaiil, aiitl llii(.ii;;li tin nuiil, fliannt'I iK'twt'fn tlii-norlli side of Itiinows Island and the south shore of (iieeii I'oini I'l i.i.mi],. The lifjlit was established October 1, ISSS. The breadth of Hosaiio Strait at I'.eUe iJoik is thiee and a half miles; but it is soou coi.n „ i,„i by .fiiiiirs Ishniit,* oil the \vest«'rii side, and opens into a broad ehaiiiiel iiiiiiiiiij; north iio. i ||,.,|>| ealled the lUUiinjhum CliiiniiilJ whieh is about two miles wide at its eiitiaiice. A ehaiiml lu.n^ one mile wide, ealled (iiieiiies ("haiinel. iiiiis from the strait more to the eastward and ;ili. i i , ' north shore (d' j'idal^io Islaml, and leads into PadiHa I!ay. At the eastern part of this ehannel (mi the northerii point of lMdal;;o Island is Hie town ni Anaeostes, with whieh the sound sleaiiii'ihas rennlar eoiniiiiiiiieatioii with Seattleaiid iiileiim ili.it, ports on the eastern shore of W'hidbey Island. I'pon Fidal-o Island rises Mount Krie* to a hei^iht (d' one thousand two hiindreil ami liii, feet, covered with woods, ami present in;; a Hat appeal aiiee fioin certain dirct'tions, wiili mi^,; Loaf Mountain, one thousand ami sixty feet lii^di. Jii.st mo ili of .Mount I'lrie. At the south hi„ ■; Mount laie there is quite a large lake coiinecliiig with the lai^'cr iiie, named i'ampbfll'- I,,),,, lying to the eastward. i Fi^i. \ •/allies Island consists of two heads a mile apart and two hundred and lifty feel liigli, lur etnineeted b\ a narrow ridge. Tlie soiilliirii head is llie higher and not \er.\ liea\il\ liniliin.l Clo.se otV the west ridge lies another head, coiilieeted with I)e(atur Island by a low bearli. lii;' there is a deep channel lietwcen this lieail ami .lames Island. Thatcbfi- I'liss. — Northwest ot' .laiins Island is an opening hall a mile wideiui tiie \m ~i --'Ar : <»f the strait betwci'ii Deiiinr Island and lij.ikcly hiaiid. j wilii twenly li\ e fathoms in il, Imi \> ih a rock, eovi-red at a i|iiaiter llood, exacilv in the middle of the eiii laiice. \\ C discoveii I :li > danger in lx"»l; on the .\diiiir.ill\ cliail it has been n.imed b.iwson lo-cf. which has been iii.iin..; ini the «'o.ist .Siir\<'\ ciiait. T e o|iening is callcil Tii:itchei I'ass. ami the currents rush th di at tAo to four miles per hour. W'luti /mk/,-. sixlccn feel hi;;li. lies under the sliiue of l;lakel\ i-hiiid to parti all> obsiiiicl Iliis passage; ii is of small area and li.is deep w aler all aidiiml it. On tin r,is! erii side ot' the strait, half a mile farllier iioilh. appears linl' I'dlnt, the soiilliw<'s| extirnni) ui J'ypress Island,* oil which lie rocks and foul bottom lor half a mile on the line to lJiiiniH> I.sland. IlIoV (111' liKKl' I'dlNI', CVrKKSS ISLAND. To mark the danger olV this point for v<'s,sels bound through liellingliam Channel Imumci! Cypress Island and (ineines Island, there has been placed a sccdikI ,l it .im! about half a mile Irom the southwest point ot ('y|iress Island. Around this loealits extends a lai;;e body of kelp, and one rock uncovered at half llooil. ' Naiiiril li\ 111.- Iiiiiiil Snili-« K\|iliiiiiii: i:\|irilllinii, l-ll. IN;iiiiiil liv 111.' r S. ('nasi .Snivi')- ill l-.'>:i. The liiiliaii iiiiiiir is rnlNC);li. t Nairiol li\ VaiK iiiivii. K'.i','. i*: I rACIKIC COAST I'll-OT. 565 '•i'.y w. ;\v ,1,,,,, il lliriui;;!! Il„ i,„|,i| From this luioy Hit' followiiij; iM'iiriii;,'^ iiml disliiiiccs iirc j,'ivcii: '1 ho ■.(Hilli |>i>iiil iiC lilaUrly I>l:itiil in Tlialrliii l\i>s \V. S. W. :<,) inili'H. 'I'hr \> I ^l |Miiiil (if limiiiws KliiMil SI',. Iiv S. ', S. :i', iiiilcH, Vessels homitl nortliwiinl tlinui','!! I!elliii;,'liiiiii Cliaiiiiel leitvo it on tlie port Uaml; tlioso lioiiiiil directly lliroii},'Ii the strait leave il mi tlie sdirlioanl liaiiil. northeast ;iii is rnnnd in lioiii six to ten t'atlioiiis of water o\ci' nniddy liottoin. (Iiiml fresh water is ])lentifiil here. A lii;;li white clilV is seen to tliesonth of tlieharlior, from tiic -liores of whiIakely Island, two and a half miles northwest of rijukcly Head, at the narrowest part of the strait, two cliannels lead to the westward aioiiiid ( tlislrnetion Island. t which lies between ISIakely and Onras Islands. IJotli are narrow, and olf the entrance to the south lie some sunken rocks ami other.s aliove the water. Ulakely Island ami Oicas Island are threeipnirters t ■' a mile apart. < Hi.it ruclioii Ishiml l.'\(jht.—^)\\ the southwest |ioiiil of Obstinction Island, at the western eiiti-.iiii'e to the l'ea\iiie Vnss, a Ji.ml )■( d liijlil has been placed on a white post. The po.st i.s fifteen feet lii^^h and is twenty feet inside the extienie end of the island. The li^dit is twenty-.six feet iiliove hl;rh water. It was established October 1, 1 SSS. An Iron .v/ina/Zc surmounted by a Intrnl imiiifdl irliitf has been jdaced on a rock at the east entrance to tlie southern pass close to the north shore of IMakely Island. Hiilil /'(•((/,-.— When in the nari'owest part of Kosario Strait a very marked periiendieular rocky peak is seen on the tiorth end of Cypress Island, about two and a half miles northward of Strawberry l'>ay. Il is first raised oxer the low point of ('\ press a mile and a tjuarter northward ol the bay, and soon shows risiii;; alunptl.\ troiii the water's ed^e t'/ a hei^^ht of seven hundred aiKl fifty feet. It is called I'.ald I'eal its I'onrsi' to north lialfeast for four a Abreast of it the channel lal;es the liist turn, ehan^ing nehalf miles. Half a mile olf the north eml of Cypress • \;iiMril liy Viiiiciiiivcr, IT!l-.'. I'lii' IiiiIkiii iiainr I'm' SI raw l"ii\ Hay is Till l-lir-U'li-liii«. ! NaiiH'il liv llir lliiilnl SliitcM l'.\|iliiiiii'4 Ks iMilil inn, l~tl. 1 Naincil liy Itii' t'. S. CiiaHt Survey, ts.'!. i\t'lic I'.iinlisli Ailiniialty cliarlK, Niis. t'.ill ami •:>,".>, liavr lliis nniiudiislv ii>iiic(l al twi. (lionsaiiil ami forty-fimr fr,.K llNaiiu'il liy tlio II. S. (;()ata Survey in ]66 PACIKIO COA8T riUOT. Isliinil is a Hiiiiill islet covon'tl witli tm-s, uikI wilU'tl ('iipnxH liorl,.* Nearly liiiir a mile w. - , there isii piitoli of liitlilcii liaii^jeis, known as r,v|iresM l{e.r; it has a ih-ptli of thirty falhim > , 1„1 outsiile it. The eoinparatively low jslaml one anil one lialt' sijnaie miles in extent an ii,|,. inside o( the onter point of the reef, and hears from it east ' .,• south three (piarters soiitli jK, |n S. i S.), distant live hnmlred janls I'rom the wcsfcm point of the islami the reef liems i-\.mu north, distant three ipiarters of a mile. The levenne cutter ■h[()'n />«»•/« and the sIimiii >lii|, I'dHiimn were npon it after we discovered it. On the north side of the island is anclHira:;i> in tm to llfteen fathoms of water, half u iiiilu t)tf shore and well oiitsitle the line of keli> whicli im,-,, this uiul the western sidu of thu island. \ ¥ \k n mOV ON tlOWLDKR UEEl'. Howlder Keef, Just described, is marked liy WHtrondvlnss nun hiioii, jmintnl rvtl iinil niitiilnriil'l If is placed in i wciity nine feet of walir at the lowest tides, and lies almiif tlincTumllis i.| ,1 mil,. from the north sidtMif Sinclair l>laiiil. From il Lawrence Point, the eastern «'Xlrehiiiv mI iiic^i, Island on the west side of the channel, hears west by mirth three (pniitcrs north ( W. In N. ; N., tlistant twoaiid one half miles; and the South Side of Ohstniction Island bears soiiiliur^i Ii,i;{ south, di>taMt livf and a half miles. Tins Inmy is sometimes called Taiiama IJuoy. The };encral direction of the channel shores of Cypress and Sinclair Islamls from Tidf rmiii on the former is niMthiiortheast for lour miles, and formin^Mlie western shore of the sliaii ;iliiv,h' these islands is the irrcjinlar, concave shore hue of the southeast part of Orcas Island 1" i»m' Obstriii'tioii Pass and l-awrcncc Point, a di-tance of four and a (|uarter miles. I'.etuecii il,(\\o[,- ;, of Oreas Island under Port, Lawrence. The lar^jcst islet is uipiaiter i>f a mile Ion;: noitlic.iM aM ^ southwest, but quite narrow. The northeast point is 1 and one-ei^'lifh miles south xmiUm-.m ' from Point Lawrence. It has very deep water close under it The nearest point t.f SiiKlnr ; Island, on the east side of the slr.iit, is two miles east southeast from this Peapod, Tin' t«u small PeajMsls lie, respectively, a ipiartcr of a mile and nearly live eighths of a mile smilli ^miili west (SS\T.) from the largest, and the same disiaiiee fitun the shore. There is deep wat.r.u 1 them and a good chauuel between them and Orcas Island, if a vessel uhould be coiiip. Ilnl i" take it. OKCAS ISLAM). ThiH i.s tho Iarge.st island of Wa.sJiinRton Sound. It has ii mountain, named KnI ranee ^In.lP^ ain, one thousand one hundred an.l twenty feet high, and two miles from its scHillie I c Olistriietioii Pass. The remaiKable feature of this island is Mount Conslitulinn,^ whi.li ii^'-im , series of bohl ridges lor three and a half niil.'s from Point Lawrence to a height of two ti,n;;^,ll|, four linndred and nine feet at less than three fourths of a mile from the .shore on tli.' iinillMi;i I face. This inimntain is the -real landmark for all Washington Sound and for the aiiiinucin- thereto from the Strait of I'liea and the C.iilf of (Iciugia. It is visible from a di.stance of ii!l> ms miles, and is seen from the vicinity of Point Townseiid and trom the Strait ol Puca, east ei li.in Itoeks. til,. IiiiO'i sill'' *Nnirn-cl liy tlit! t*. S. ('(hikI Siirvi'V in l-.M. f Laid ami Valilcz ii» M;, ,li- l^iiascc. Il r.T.iv.-.l iN priM nl n.-oii.- fr•^ Kvploriiix I'.X|M'iliti()ii, t-ll. . , t UiH.-.,v.rr,l an.l nai I In tl..' f. S. ('...Ht Siiivy in l-.M. Call.'.l I'ai.an.a U.,\ ei, Kn^ilish .\,i„nial. > ■ l,ar, of JS/,i». i Nameil Uy tho Uiiitiil HtatoN K.\i>li)iinK I'.xiMdition, 1-11. mmt ifidfle Iiiiir ti niilo \V( ,| „| :i >t' thirty rallMMiisclnKp ;'Xt«'llt illlll liiilr .1 iiiil, iH towards tlic iM>i,.n; llitirlilir It'd t\ I M^||,|,, ^fpt IIIkIi'I till' siin,!,.,, ft'll at Onlili:ii\ i|,|,., • liiartiTs south |K. )„ tilt' rcj'f Items i\a(||\ in and tlM> .sIimim .s{,i|, rid is aiH'lidi,!::!' In i,!, ul' kclii wliirli liiii;-,., '/ ml tniil uiniihind'y, linr roiiiilis oi ii mil,. I'll fxlrniiiiy t'f ihr.ii Klltll (W. l.y N. , N , iH'ars Miiiiliuivi liaii I'.iK.y. laiid.^ t'roiii 'i'iilr rmiit rt'ol' tllt'StlMil ;iliiv;|sl Dri'as Islaiiil luiwir!! Ilill'S, I'x'tUll II ihiM. liy llif l'fa|iui| |;,,iks iR'lair Islaiiil, ami inic • oH' the caslii n >liiire i1(« lonj.' iiiiillii'.isl illlll mill's Miiitli .Miiiilii',i>! rt'st jioiiit iif Siiidair lis I't'apod. Till' twii III' a mile siiiilii south ' is d('»'p Watrl .lli'llliil uiild be ('iiiiijM llril Id kv I itiH'd Kntiaiicr Moiiiii- I its soutlit'iii rml :it //V)/i,§ wliicli 1 1-1- .11 1 'i-^llt 1)1' twn Ih.ili-.lll.l * Illlll' (Ul tllf II'M Illlll !iil for llu' a|i|ii"iilM- a distaiict' >"S 111 I'lica, ra.st n! I!. II' <■ rrmii till' riiii' ■'. -I'l" l';iiuli»li AiliMii.hi .liiiri i .>»* f OrouN U\n.in\ fe - llS J ^ g Orcw Island. Mount (.'ontttitiition, y,4',' I !i'.i. SK. by E. i E, I'utoH Nhiixl Kiiciu iMboidn. Ltitniiii Mill!' iikin, W. j 8. M*- OrcuH IxUtid I 1 „ '-," ■'■:*^'<«' ' ■•^•■ ■ riHtitiitidii, y,4',';i !f.i. SRliy E. i E.,9milei». :.', ^ „•■ fs»- |^^..:>^;i!g;f|ii|i^^^^^^ Luiiiiiii Mini- !:iiD, W. iS., tSiiiilCB, l,f)(UI feet. Siicia West, E.b>S.iS.,3i miles. If j:'f If r ;*(|j :(, my .=l*ii #i' '■?* ^ %■ m- I pacipk; coast i'ilot. 537 Tin- cxIrciiH l(Mi};tli of Oiriis Island, tliciisi ami soiitliwcst, is twolve miles, and north- u.-i anil soiitlicast. it is sevi-n and a hall' nnlis. It is maily cnt in Inilf 1)\ a « real arm ol' tlio s..iiiid fnlfiinji- (Voni licliind or west \)( Ohsiinclidn Pass and i-nnninff si\ miles to thf northwest |u liind Kntiance Momilain and Mount Constil nti(ni. This arm is l-jist .s.nitul, wiiicli is over a inilo > .!(', with deen water. Tliere is a llonrisliin;;- set,.iinent named Hast Sonnd in the northwestern- ii|..-.t pari of this arm. West Sound is a sandier indentation parallel with Kast . Sound and llf ee miles to til(> SOIltln.t'st. riie narrow passa^'e known as /'.)/,■ /Vi.v.v, oidy one Imndri'd and fil'ty feet w i(h>, lies hetwecu y ucsf half west ami southeast hy e.i .1 half east. Its son them half is veiy mneh i 11^ hi 1 than tin' noi lliern, and attains an elevation of one Ihensand live lininlied and si\l\ feel. The southern short s oi' laimini Island are rocky on thee.ist and west sides. Tlie southern part is one i:reat mountain ot' h(mio;;eiieoiis lock. much of 11 tale. The southwest face of this mountain is too precipitous for ascent. .\ conspieiioiis landmark is the rock slide just east of the Lumnii hocks. The whole mountain is composed of clitfs, ridges, and knolls of rock; tliesiirl'aee is (.ci\wlicr(^ covered with fragments Tif rock of all sizes. The tir trees grow wherever the root.s can lliid soil. The I orthwestern ])aif ot' the island is eoniparaln el\ low. rolling;, and co\ered with tir, which isp"rceplilily thinm-d out hy lo;;giii;;. The hill at ihis ii.utliei n end ot the island is three hundred and iweiity feet high. The rock, nearly one hnndreil feel liii;li oH the hi;:liest jiarl of the ridge, and a third t)fii mile lioiii shore, is l.ininiii /»'<)< /,.i This consists ol' three locks lonneclcd at low water; they are so siiiiated th it llier'c is a snug ha oor and aneliorai;e for several small xess.ds. opening to the iioiih. These rocks are hi^h and hare; Iheiv aie .v,(»/,« » (er/,.s oil' the soiiili point, hut ipiile near liii' 111 liii rocks. A mile otf ihe .south end ol' (his rock, named Cailei Poinl, are the \'iii /I'ecA.v.* ahout lifly feet iii;;li, \Mlh good depths of waier around them. There is Kli/iiin ITlUi; Mcl,iiii;;liliirs IsNiiiil li.vllii' t'lnU'il States I'.xiiliirln^' Kxiinlitlon hi l-II ; Ti:iiiii(l KiiiTiii.i iKlanil in ISTl hy tlii> V. S. ('easl SiiiMy, Immmiiso liihaliit.'il hy that, trilie. It, is kmiwu by lie ittirr iiaiiH' I NauKil liy lUo U. S. Cuaot (iiirviv in Is.il. m mt'\ 508 PACjvic COAST rn,(vr. ReWs Harbor, toy^nnU tl.o s,M.tb..as„.,n ..,,.1 „f I.nunu 1>I.„.,1 is tlmrouKl.lv ,.,vt... „,1 „,„ I'.Uliy Tlu> Indian iniiih ,,1 ti,,, wason. In siimm.T and aiituin!! ii dwin rntran.',. t„ IN-iPs IlaH.or liahl.. f., „mU m„ , „. entfiint,' tiotn till' ni.rtliward. i'\'>m', /•Vf.s/, ir„/rr._()„ .1,0 east sid.. ..f tl.is island, at tl,o lurall.-l of .JS- H' nnd about ,!,„ ,■ ,nl, from tl.osontl.rast i-oint of ti.o island, tluMv is a bi;,^l,t o,.rn to iIm- north with a Rood sin „„ ^ ><> othor stivan.s brsidos tl.is and IfnPs II;,,!..,,- liv.- alt.-r drv wralhrr .•on.n. s TluTo IS anrhonu,,- in tl.o bi-l.t north of station " |l,d.." on th.- nortiirastorn sid- ot !l„.,o,,i and on., and a half nnlrs fn.n* l.-tilV Harbor, xvith profrtion lor small v,.ssrls. Ji is lo,;,|l. I ■„,.' as SiiuKj.jlcrs Coie. The Indian iiatuc is Ma nicnpt'slakcn. ' " Tlu-ro is anrhormje in th(< hiyht sonth of station '• Rock I'll.-." on th.> north.'astcrn M,lr ,., • island, an.l half a niilc nortlnvcstward from the aiiclioraur jiisi d.-srribid. />(i«r/(r.v,_Thrn. isanoxtfnsiv.Mcrf jnst northurst from th.' sial ion '• Itcrf I'oint " .,n ili. .,,1,^ western sido of ishmd onlv .•i,i,ditv mi'tcrs from the sli.nv.bnt b.-in- ,.ir tho |M.iiit ii niij,dii 1., I, a Hteauifr running close to shore. It is awash at half tiibs is not marked bv kel|.. ami li ,, l„ water outside of it. The Indian name of Liimmi Ishintl is Smein ma nk. A shnoUi,i>t \v.\s been diseovered on the eastern side of I.nmmi Island about one .111,1 H,,,,. quarters miles northwe.stwardIy from the south iioiul of il, • i>i:.nd. Ii is iibout Iiun.lir,! „,; fen yards from the shore, and ha.; a least depth of ei-ht feel of u;iter over il, with i..,,; ■'..[ fathoms of water inside ot' it. From this shoal spot the norlh end of Kiiza Island bears east, and the tan;;ent lo ilie e,i,i s„|, of ruint Fiauet'S i-s'iioith three ipiarters west (N. ■^ W.). : m 1*1 * ;' INATI BAY. A »hn((l spot lias <)eoii di.soovorod oft' the eiitranee to Inati I?ay. It is about on.' Imihlin: and ten \ards h-nj,' in a north ami south direction, and the shoalesi pail is just b;ii, n ;,« water. From this sp..t the north end of Kliza Island bears east seven eij;liihs soiilli I". S and tlie tan;,'eiit to I'oint Frauees is north oneei^liih west (N. 1 W.i. Ain/tmi' /'<,i«/ (east side of laiinmi Island) Xnr Liijiit.—A bus lanh-rn sliowin;; a //n./ ./ , . liilht is Mispended from a white post ei^'hleeii feet lii;:h and about twents seven leei ainiM. M,, level of the sea. It is plaeed about ei;,'lity yards from the low-water end of l.iniimi l'oii!t. ,:iPni in th(> Li;;hlhoiise notices as Tayloi's Spit. The li;,dit seems lo -aide < 'sscls tlnouuli II 1 V. I'assat;e, and was liist shown .March l."», ISSlt. Abreast, of I'oint Lawrence the eliannel is o\er three miles wide, and il liicn- cli;i;,-i-. i!- course to uortiiwest for live and a half miles, when the mtrlhwesi jioinl of l.umnu Isl.uhi '•>,-n\ east northeast, tlistant one and a half miles. From I'oint Lawrence the north shore of Orcas Island trends sh.irplv t<> ihe ucsiw.u.l i..i fijx mill's to Point Thoiiipsoii* and theme to the west south west tor Ihiee miles, lo Tomt I ii !i^iii>.' Theshoreifroiii I'niiit Lawrence to I'oint Thompson is nearly strai^iht ami \ciy lii;;liaiid pici i|.;[i.ii>. and rises by two or three plalcaii\ to .Mount Conslitiitioii, which is less than a mile iiishni., mil two tlions.ind four hiimlii'd and nine feet hi;:h. The shore from I'oint Thompson lo I'oint li'iu-jty is inodciately lii;,'h ami wooded, anil a lii'ld of kelp and a daii;,'eious led, n.iincd I'liih 1'^ lid. lie a mile oil' shore half way and direcllv towards the Sneia Islands, In midchanm I !m:aii!i the clifl's under Moiinl < 'oiistiliition and the northern part of Liimmi Island, I'oui miles ,,\t,\]\ lies a t;roup of small islands neatly one and a lialf miles in extent. The two principal ishiii.l^ .ih Clark* on the east and Itaines' on the left, with a very narrow but deep ch.iuiiel between •Imih. Ollllie southeast end of (lark Island are two or three islets, called the .Sjsteis.' The Sisters Islet.'s Hear Itaines Island arc foity two lect liieb. The one to the iioiii.uail marked by a lone tree is twenty-six feet lii;,di. (.'lark Island is (ilt\ feet above liie sinii!, ;iii'l iSarni'.s Island forty live. The course out of the I'osario Strait beyond I'oint Lawrence passes between the < 'lark .. ,.,|,|,^, flio liidiaii iijiih ,,| ,|i'„ ''"'''•• •" I'i<'l< M|, ,, v,.ss,i H' illHl iih,„it lliNiTi,:!,,, ' ^*''"' i> a I sir,, I III !it'r (!oiiirii('iiccs. ll'ilKtlTll side (iI'Mm I- , ■^<'l><- il is lofilll;, ^;„, "nrtlit'a.stcrn siil,. ,,, ; l''<'*'r I'dint ■■ (,ii 1 1,. _. I'' I'i'iiil il iiii-lii ., , ; ■'• I'.v kfl|., iiiid I,,, 1., lid iihoiil mil' ,-111,1 II:, ill'I'llt (IIIC illllMll,,! |. "^''i' il, Willi loin I,,, 'I:in-:.'iit t(.|liciM,f ,, f i>* ahoiit one luiinii,,; i'^'l-l is jiiM I,;,,,. ,, ;,„, ••i^dillis .siMiih (I'. S , •M NlMIWill;; -A lit,,: .r, : ,\ seven f,.,,| ,||„,,, . >•' 1,111111111 r,iii(i. , ,: . ' 'SSels llir..ll.L'll 111;,, 111 il llieie eli:i!i-,'» n- 111' liiiinini Islaii.i l.iir, y ti> the \\esl«,i|,l I., I l«'S. Ill i'cillil ili,iuii|\.» ,v lii^li and |iieei|i;iiiii>, •III a mile in.sjii.i,.. ;„ii| i-"ll I" I'llilll l».,;i.|,H ', II, lined l',irl., i\ I;,, I, I iiiidelianiiil !„ ; i,,,! Ill'l. I'eill mile- : , I lniiHijial i.vJaii.N.ii. Iianiicl lietweeii >lii'iii. ers,» 'lie til (he iiiiii:;u,ii I aliiive tlie ,s|iaii. .h,,! !i »eeii the ClaiK (. | iii Island ; iliis i i|;i!i. «.'(Cii»iMM: ■^W»i!»^K«S^«*m*»SSife..«,«*^ ^'Si^ijk^J^gl, llalo'8 Pa(t»ug<-. Kosario Strair. Mkdfiif,*)^ t'liirk iNiiiml. '^'^•i'%'>H^^ BarnoH iHlan.I. Konnrio Str.iit (Nritl, Km: ,•, ,, West side **'.*^**!*^»«*«8*fa4ii#?iAsi^rfMi.irfA .« ■,, . Saiiil\ I'niiil, 7 ini!tw. Iiiilijii NIiiikI I'liint FniiiciH IIhIiV I'lc^ ;,'e. Li; Strait. Lummi Moiintniii. ESE.. Ifi mile -%' •'^^■■■rjf: Striiil (\ III, i:,!: i< !, West side). OrciiH leliind. Matia, ESK. hvE.JS. Sic allies. Mount Constitution. ">^.> niis IIhIiV I'lc^ ;,'e. Liimmi Mountain, 8K. ^ S. ^Mi^0SS^y:mm:m. '1 ' i i i ' i II i'J 1 u]l, 1 • « Ill I ^^^^^'^'^m&mm^^mMc^mm^^ ' ,^ Liiiumi Bay. luilian Island. ll»l.-» I'Htmane (North KntrannO, K>K., .'. mi 'HMLiil.ilH^.JIMlS l2^ Chuckatiiiik anil other Hill« Indian Island. 3#fei Niirlh Kntra ^^^^^^mm^iS^mmm^^mmM .msm-:-. ^^^■^^^ -'"" "^^^^^mmm^ «<• (North KntrannO, K>K.,r) iiiilpH. I.iiiiiiiii Mountain, I r>r.ii |i.|.| 1;-->.,;v. *• '4*. N'Tili Kiitraiiif to llali>H I'aniii> ;;niii|, ilicr." is aiiiillirTrliiimicl wuy, tBiil.' ;iim1 ;i Ml""''"''' "i"'''- i"i'l ''Ml lilllr less dircci ; hiit lliciv is very ilr<'|i wulcr iiiiil no aiiclKir- agr llii(iii;;li il. Aliivasl ol' riaik Tl, mil, and uiiiliT Liiimmh Isliiiid, is an ()|icn and (Mihlractfd aB«hi>iiiy:<'i>l'»l «ln'lt<'i' I'li'in iiiiilliril.v « iinls, iiiHlcr a low point railed V'illayc I'oinl.* Tlir anchor- age is in ten to (il'lfrn fathoms of \( atiT, liul liicic is no licsh wiiicr near the landing, and tlui tor^'r Indian \illa;;f is now dcscilrd. On llir wotfin side of ihc rliannil and closf to Clark anil Bftinr- Islanils tin' di'|ilh of water is fills and sixty fathoms, and a very stnint,' ciimint rmi.s w.iv til«MII. Til" iioilh end id' I.ninmi Island is named I'linit Miijliii, and isexaetly two miles north orVil- Ulfie I'oinl. and the depth of walei' under this .shore is very yreat ; liiit after passing' this point ancjiorau'i- imiy lie had in ten lallioms and less Inside of the line from Point Mi^ley to Sandy Point. WIhii lip with the noilli poini of laimmi Island llie < iiilf of (ieorf^ia is hroad open to tlin noilli"e>i. with till' island ;;roiips lo the west northwest, and the eontineiilal shore to the nortli Uliil r ist. Norlhward of the poiiii lies the ileep .--hoal hi;;hl known as Ltimiiii Piay, oH the j,'reaf dfli.i ol the l.iimmi l.'mr. I''idm llie mid ehaiinel eoinse the small };i'""l><'l' Hn' Malia Islands Hes wesi s"iltliwe.st.dlsl,ilit two miles. :iimI Io theea.-.t iiorlli.a>l lies Pciiiit Miuley, distant I wo miles. To llie westward ot the Mai ia (iioiiii lie ihe Sneia l.slands, and still I'arlher in llie same direction He llie Patos Islands. The mill ehannel northern entraiie.-s to the K'osario Sirait and the Canal de Ilaro aro Just leii miles a|iait on a west l>y south and east liy iiorlh ecuirse. ,; TIh .Vii'iii IxIiukIk^ ('(Uisisi of one island a mile loiij; east and west, risin;j to a liei;.'ht of niio fclindred and twenty feel and a third of a mile wide, with a small islet, forty-live feet aliovo tim gnlf oil llie east end of the lai^e i^lel. 'riii> ;;ionp has alieail_\ lieeii laenlioned. A liiiln and • hall to the westward of I hem Ins the Siiciit (hmip. consist in ;; of (ine lai;;e and si\- small islands, with a leef oil Ihc norlli side of the i;roiip. and a licaiitifiil harlmr a mile loii;: and half a mile wide, opening; to the east, and earryinj,' (lom ten to lifleeii fathoms of wati r over slieUy mnd Imtlom.l The MMithein main ridj;c of ."^inia Island is two Inindrcd and tweiits feet above the )J;nlf. The hciulil of llie norlhern main rid;;e is one hundicd and si\ly feet. There is a reef one-third of a mile olV the norlheast face ; ii is hare and marked by kelp. I'll the westward of this j^ronp lies /VrAiv Islaml, risinj; to a lieij;lit of se\-enly feet iiliovo tlio ■water, and a mncli smaller one close to its .-onthwest piini. The eastern jioiiit of Patos Ishiiid bears west lhrec-(|iiarlcrs south, niiii miles from the norlli ind of I.nninii Island, '■ l.flMMI I!.\V. Two or three miles norlli norllieasi of l.iimmi Island opens a shoal bay, hnked liy low, intii'shy ground, w Inch is co\ cred w il!i trees and >wamp niider^'inw III. Iiilo it em pi us Ihc several months of llie I.nmiiil KiM'i'. Tlie main eiiiianec of that stream is al Ihc noilli part if the liay, and can be reached with lioals only al lii;,'li tide. The iioilliwi'si lioiimlaiy of lln- hay is a low, };ras.sy IHiiiil with a few Imslies upon it, called Sd.'tili/ I'aiiil.' \'u)u\ the north jioint of I.ninnii Island it bears norih hy west half west, distant two and a ipiaitcr miles. I'.clweeii these two points C- anchorage may lie had in from four |o.si\ f.iihomsol' w.iicr, Inil I he south end of Sandy Point rIioiiIiI not he a|>proaclicil within less than half a mile. Dow n Ihc east side of I.iimmi Islanil, wincli isahont a mile in hreadlh. inns Hale's Passage,' ihrce ipiarleis of a mile wide. It leaiLs from i;.lliii;;hani I'.ay. In this passa-e one and a half miles. and licarin,;,' east liy south half south from the iioitli end of liiiniini Island, is a low. sandy point, upon which was estahlished in IS53 a secondary astronomical station of the I'. S. Coast Survey. Its jieoiiiaiihical position is: I.lltilll.to 1- 11 I'l .-• Iinllll. I,.illi;ilmle I.'-' 11 11 ■' west Or, III linii' '•'' h'" •'''■"• This places the north end of Liiinini Island in — l.alilihlr I- II ■''■"' ■>'■ iinrlli. I.oii-itiiil.- l'..'>' !■.'' W-!* wi'st. ■ N'.iincil K\ ilii I'liiti'il Sl.-iti's I'.xiili)iiiiji K\|M'ililioii, l-ll, ir.ill.il •• I:.Itiiiiii(I'm (iMiiip" liy till' I'nil.'tl Stairs rA|iliirini; lApnlilioii. 1- It . Tli.- siiiiill diic' on tlic t'.lst is cMllril rnllhi Island .Ml tin' l-'.iif;li.sli Ailiiiir.illy .liait <.f l-.V.l: in l-M il "^i-* nainfil .Malia Ka.sl liy tliii I'. S. Cnast .Siirvry. 1 I'artially cxaiiiiinil by tlie K. .S. Cd.ist .Survey in |s.-,;l and 1S.'>.H, ,,>'! I- !ti ■♦ ! ?i r)70 PAciKic (((Asr i'ii,or. Tlio following p.»;riii|.|iiciil |iii.Mtilaiii'rs \\t> liavc j^ivi-ii: Miiti;t Isiaiiil, fast-- l"H"iiilr I- II :!;i •,> ii.Tlh Liillj-iliKli' {••■• |;» lie, .s «,,,!, Villi;p;t' I'liiiit, I.iiiiiHii aiii'liorap- — •-I'liii'l'' 1- i:; m;i •.' iiniiii • •""iKii'i'l" i'.^.' );; iMi/.'«,>t ThcSoiilli I'oiiit of HtiawlMTiy Islaml — l-iililiuli' I- :;:( ;ir, .;t iHHil, I-"ii;;itiiilc !•.>•.' II III .7 «.st The Soiilliwot Isliiiul,* uir \Vatiiiiiii);li lli'ail — I.iHilii'li- •»- ','1 .V. .7 iiiiilli l.<>M;;ililil.- !•.'■.• I'l l-J .:i i,,-i Kosaiio Sliait was (irsi socii li.v (Jiiimpfi' rmm I'mt hiscDvcrv, ami i'ajlcil "ISiiimI, | |,, , l-'i'iilll I'loli'i'lioli l.>lan('('t'|itiiiM I'a.ss t'niiii iJK-i'c, allliiiii;;li tills lias liciii cirililcil tn liiiii. I'.li/a pasM'tl lliriiii;;li it in IT'.)!, ami callt'tl it the Canal . VaiicDiiMT passi'i) tliniii;^li it in IT'JL', ami -iivt'-s ils iict'iijaiilics viTV well. (iall.imiaml Valiliv. imiiu' tliriiii;.'li it in IT'.*-, ami callnl it Canal . 'I'll!' Ciiiliil Statt's l'.\|>l(>iiiii; I'A|n'(liti"ii siiivc\ cd it in IStl ami calli'il ii i;in;;'^nl,r. \\,.. Cliaiiiicl. It was f\ iili'iitl.v citiisiilrrcil tlit* main slii|i cliaiinrl tlii'iiii;;li \\'asliiii;;lnii Siiiinii. TIk' l'.ii;:lis|i Admiralty I'liaii III' 1S|7 calliil it lEn.satii) Strait, ami l>\ tlils nainr it i- :iiv\.i\. kiiiiw n (III tlir Pacilii'. Appriiiiiliis to 111 Jlhiijhiim liny. — All i)f \'riMlii\ i ami .lack Islamis, tin' soiitlifasl pail til' < Im nu » Islaml, ami tlic mutliwt'st pait of S-.iiiii>li Islaml aif nl' im'taiiiinpliif iikK, with ImM !.. slitiif lines ami jriMHTally witliiiiit lifaflics. Tlif ifsi tif (incini's ami Saiiiisli Islamis lia\i .i ^ still t'liM'it'il w itii a lU'iiM* gi'tiw til 4)1' 111' ami tliicK iimlcrlinisli. Ktmif parts lia\ f lu't'ii i'Ii.iim; m the .sfttliis. Tin re alt' no fii'sli water ^t^ealns on Saiiiisli, N'«miiI(i\ i, ami .laik Islamis, ami wvs liitli' u ni i nil ( illl'llll'S. 'I'lifif is JiiiM uattT artinml .lai'k ami N't'iitlnvi Islamis Tlnit' is a siiii^' littli' liai'litir on tlif iitntlieasl pail of \'fmlti\i Islaml, wlnTf nintli'iaii -/.. v«'ssels fan amlior ami swin;.', slitltcrt'd titim all onlinaiv wimls. BELLINGHAM UAY Tins bay was ftunuTly one of tlio iiiosf rn<|ii('nt»>d in Wasliiii^rton Soiiiitl. It lies casi ii ; Wtisaiii) Strait, ami is foriin'tl l»y deep imlt'iitatiinis in tlif main .slioif, and alllioii^'li lar;;i' il i- 1 r.,. liM'ki'tl liy tilt' islamis lyiiin on llif smitli ami vast sitles. 'I'lif <.'i'i!fial (liitflitni of the hay i- 1 iii > w«'«tami sttntlioast, ami its It'iintli, ■.iiclutlin;; tin' Iwoatl Hats at fitlitT cml, is l.iiii letii mil. -. r\ tending' friini latitiitlf •is-i;j.{' tt) latitmlt' -J.ST IT'; tlif wiillli a\fra^'fs tour miles. 'Hie coal hm,. - have lieen aliaiitloiietl, and now tlie .slinivs and liatk eoiiiitis Mipp!.\ iiiaii\ ol ihe mills wiili I". as far .south as Seattle. Tlio military statitm has lieeii aliamlomil for a Ion- time, 'rinre ;!:• - eral towns upon tlif northeastern |iart of the liay, Heliin^iham. St li.niie. \Miale ami i the latter at thfiiitiiith of one of the lirai.fhes of the river. The steam linals litun llies.niiHl , their iv'.'iilar trips to the hay. The usual rliatinel is froiii the .stintherii pail til l.'osai i.i lir ;. the r.ellin;;hain Channel, which jias.ses between tiif mnlliwesl pait of I'ltl.il-o Isi.iml ami ( . i. • Islaml on the east, ami Cyiiress Island ami Sinclair Islaml tin the west. The tliait is li,. • ^niiile for the iia\ i;;atiiiii tif the ehannels ami bay. .lH./,or//(,-/.— rmlerlyint; the "jiotitl sticky botloin " there is a stratum of samlstoiic win. ; ;. vents the aiicht.r from takiiij: liohl, and vessels diiif,' in .soiitheastcr.s, which hl.iw with ;;reai lip this ba,\ ami cause a very ronjili sea. WiUiam I'nint, \, ,r l.i(jUt. — \ lens lantern showiii}; a .//..<'/ uhitr liijht is snspemlctl i: white post ten feet hi-h ami abont thirty live feet above ihe level of the sea. Il is placnl • .s., ii.iiii.-.l l.\ tlif V. .S. C.ixst Smv.n In l.-.'.l; lallr.l < ..h.ll.- l-l.ni.l .n. ll.r IjihIi^M .\.liiiii:ill> .li^irt, •.''■- Wi' w'rv.> I.. ,i,,,K ii„ :Rt .•.' IK. I III m' .'> Ilnlll, Ifi .:i niHlh HI .7 «inI, '<:> .7 mil III !•.> ,:i wi-i. It'll " I'XH'M .1. II,, ail ; lif t'liiilii i,,,i I II li'ili-;;(il.i' r.i,. Ii;;l(i|i Siiiiihi. IIS liilllii' it I- ;iiH,i\. Iit'ii.sl purl 111 (.i,rii,< K, Willi liol.i 1,1 Isilllllis lillV (■ ;l ■_'iii.,| ll,l\ (' lici'li ell .i:, •: , ami viTv litili- "iiii V Ill'I't' lllllllcl III' M/i'ii I. It lies (M.sl i.t !', i'ii;4li \.[\'^i' II I-- 1 iii.i III (if till' Imy I- iMirili s riiiii'lft'ii Ml llfS. Till' Cll.ll iniiK - il' ilic mill- \\ nil |iii;< lime. 'I'liiii' 111! M'\- Ihili'iiiii, iiiiil I iniiin, Irnlll llic siiiiMil lii.il.i I til l.'oMUill tl'' _ i> IsIjikI and < > ' ' lit' I'liait is tl siintlstinif w liH'l' I'll' iltiw Willi j;if:ii 1 'II' is siis|ii'iitlt'tl I'li'ii! I . it IS phifril . jr. Iiiiii.ilt\ cli:!!!, •.'!•- ' I'acikk; (;oa»t pilot. ifcf iiisidt' lilt' cilKt' of till' liliitV mill iiliitiii >..;(• Iiiiiiilri'tj ^anls west t'loni liii' iiiirtli ciiil of tlii' |itiiiil. If wiis llrst sliiiwii Maii'li !.">, is.S'.i. Siiiiiish liirrr. — This Ktifiiiii, in llif sniitliiMst aii^li' iif i:i'lliii;>liaiii I'.a.v, ran lif asccnilcil liy small sti-ami'is lor a IVw iiiilt's, wlifii tin' inli- is lii;;|| fnitii'^li I'm' llif m'ssi-I Iti fiilfi' tlii< iImt Till' fiitrani'i' to tlif I'haiiml at llif I'll-v id thf litli' Hats has aliniit tlin>i' lift of watiT at Itiw .iili-, with siiirhil.v ilfi'pi'r wati-i iiisiilr. ('Iiiirl.tnnit lliiij. — This Ita.N is tlir rfci'ssiiui if tin- fastfiii simit' nf lit'Iliii;,'ham May, itiiil is iiv't'i' two mill's jdii;; iiiii'tli Miii'lliwi'sl ami siiiilli stiiitlit'ast. Ii\ tmi' milf ili'i'p. It has wi'll iiiarki'il piiiiils at till- imrlh and siiiitli uiili a laij,'"' isli'l tliisi' lo thf mn I lii-ast til Ihf latti'f point. This Siiiitli ri'iiil lifs miith tilty-two dfyit'fscast (N.."(L.' !•'.) ihiff mili-s iVoin Hit' N'oilh I'oiiit of Klizii Ni.iml. Till' ^ii'.itfi' pail III till- shoif lint- is samlsinm', ami Ihflaml lisfs to thiitft'ii liiintlicil ti'fl in half a milf iml tlifii iliops sIiimt two hiimlii'd I'i't't. Tin- siinif is of {.niod ipialits, anil is fxtfiisivfly ipiariifd lop iHiildiuy; piir|iost's, Thf tlip is si\ly tit- i,'ift's ami I'ata's towartis tlio west. Tlii'if ai'f trafi'siif I'oal hfif, lint of poor ipialit.N. Thfif is Kooil aiiflioraH:f ami protfi'tion In thf staiili pari of Chiifkaniif Hay, Iml tht^ nttrHi pail of thf l)ay is shalinw, I'liirlnimi I'liij is I thf siiii;;;;fst hailiiMs on all tlii'Sf watfis, hfiii;; »'X|iosi'il only to tlio iioi'lh winds, win 'h. Iiowi'mt, >fliloiii hiow. /'/((' Slinr It'ixh. — Thi- ilanj;t'r is a small lftl;rf alioiil ftnly yartls loiiu: and lii's in a iu)rtli- iiinllifast ami MUitli soiilli wfsl tliii'i'tion, with only four ffft of watfr upon it at thf lowi-st litlfs. Thf li'il;,'f lifs tliri'f hiindifd ami fiylity yards t>lf shoff, ami Ihfif is a I'haniifl i-arryinf; IViMii li\t' to six liilhoms insiilf of it. It is not in thf usual trai-k of thf stfanifis riiniiinj,' to anil lidin Whaffoiii ami Sfhoiiif, Iml lies Ifss than two hiimlri'tl yartls mntli oiif ipiartfr wt-st (N. \ W.) I'lom thf vfstfin aii;;lf ot thf lUll'nui'iiim niiarf. II is iifarly in raii^'f with Ihf oiiti'r f ml of Ihf oliM'oal Wharf (iif\l iiortli>v.irii i ami llif foal Itiinkfr at thf hfatlof llif .Sfhoiiif wharf. It was si link liy thf stfaiiifi . /•>'. stnrr Aiifiust I'.'i, ISSS, wlifii iiiakinjj a laniliiifj at the i;flliii;;liam wharf ami mill. Tliisilaii,L;i'iiins Iftli^f i> nn rUfd liy a lltini vbiss nun hniii/ with hhiih- aiiil ml htirizontul ntriii^s; and thf liiio\ is placfil as marls as prai'l ifalilc on thf slioalfst spot. From thf Imoy thf foilowiii;^ lifarinj^'s aro j;ivfii to lofatf il: W'l'st illll 111' VMiri'llllll^l' (111 Wlljirnlll wll.'ll-r N, J !■;. tj- 1111.,'H. .■^iilllll Kliinlir fillliK III' ni'llili;;ll.illl HilWlliill Si;. li\ .S. i, S. \ mili'.s, 'I'lii' iiiirllii':i- liftlis inilfs south by wfst (S. l»y \V.) from Ihf montii of Whateoiii Creek. IiKI.I,INi;il.\M 1!AV. .S'r/ii)?Hfl liii.s now less than oiif Imiiilrfd popnlation. Tin- foal mint's wf if opiTat years a,;,'o. Wliiitciim' Cnih. — This -ticain is .he oiiilft of Whatfoin l.akf, wliii'h is tlirt'i Sflioiiif ami thiff hniidi'fd and tills lift alioM' thf sfa IfVfl. For llif last milf the s throiiuh iifaii.\ li'Vil foiinlry anil has lltilf fiirifiit. Af thf nioiilli liif if is a iiiill ilam, thf I'lfi'k tlowsovfr lt'tl;;fsof roi'ks intotiif hay, forming;' a prt'tty easfatlf. Thf \iili \aries; in the late sniniiifr tlifif is not fiioiiuli to run thf saw mill fontiiiiioiisly. Thf Indian iianif of thf fii'fk is What' coiii. WiKitvDW. — This phiff, at thf iiioiitli ot thf frt'ek. was sfttlfd in l.S,"i.'i. Thf: •ti'tl in l.S,"!.), an I thf town sitf laid out in l>^.'il. Tlif population is alioiit I'oni Ihfit' is now an fxtfiisivf wharf Imilt out intoilfrp walfr. I'lirl HcIUikjIkuii was hiiiil in lS.")li, thrif niilfs in)rtli of Whatfoni. It was foriiifily a stock- aih'tl post, lint only oiif lilofk-hoiisf is now slamliiiL;. The .\i>()Lsiirlit li'irir. — Tiiis is a mountain slifaiii. W'lifii thf rivfr is full stfaiiicrs of lij;lit tlraiitiht asffinl il rfj,'nlarly as tar as Lynilfii, a disiant'i' ol sixifcii iniifs Tlif if art' broatl shoals i>lV thf montli of the stream, and a small boat ean not j;fl iiiio tlif riM-r it low tiilf. laimini N'illa^;f is on Ihf Imliaii Island at the iiioiitii of thf Nooks; flit. It is an Indian set- tlement, and saliiioii lishiiif;' is the prineipal industry. I'oiiit Fraiins, Xi ic liiKii/. — A nccoiulrhois niiiihunii, paintfd ird ai.il iMinibereil li, has been moored in live fatliom.s of w.iter close to the end of the spit that makes oil' from the iioint. It lies r:i m n ,j^4 ; ^. "tl^ t ^!: 572 iwciiMP (oAsr I'li.oi-. al till' soiitiiiMst ],.ii; ol' II;ili's I'.issai:;)', ami hears \w,st by sniitli oiic i|iiaitrr soiilli i W in s. ' s 1 tivo'i^hllis II'' a mil" tii>iii tin' soiilliiTn cn.l ul' tin- |...inl. Il lies mi tin' urstnii i;\'j,. ..fili,. j,,, i llil-c 1)1" lltrif to iivc lallioiiis, wliirh stivlcli.'s linin I'oimI 1"i iimi's I,. l;ii/a l.slaii.l. || \(;is csin i ' lishcil Man li. ISSK I'oiiil /V(;;i<(,v._riiis is pari nf tlic I.iniiiin Imiiaii Ki'sci", it iiiii. I'li.- '• islaiiii " is . muhtIi witli il.claml iiiirlli I'l' it al lii-li ualcr w inn ilir jmss.!-.' \\ a.\ isiiiiy li\ r \ anls w iilc. Tin' liidiaii na ul llns islinul is Sl,nl Ink -ion. l-'h:! Isliiiiil. — Tliis isroiKy at llif iioitli poliii aii'l aroiiinl ilii> soiilli iinl. Tin' irsf is iii.iin day and j:;iavr' TIuto is no IVrsli wal.i on tlu' i^l.iihi. 'riicfi> is a -.'icir? DiV tin' iioi lii I'lid oi ilii> is!;inil |o ihc «r-i w .n-.j. Tlirrc is a ;/i>'ii/ //('(7imc and aiicliorai;!' on llic .-.oli liw'.i side oi tin' island diri' in li, i. i \Mfll lniidd\ holtoni ,i\ii\ a slei'p sliniilr liear li. Siiiihiii /.'./. /., A Mii-le how ld(.- Willi ri:,'lil I',, 'I ol' w alef o\ t-f II ii.is hirn .|isco\ ii,',| ,1,,, midway hi'iwi'i-n i'oiiit I'lain'.'s and i.li/a island. This im k Ihmis noriliufsi \<\ nmilM' north (N\\". liy N. ', N.) iroin the iioitli nid of I'Ji/.a Isl.md, and soiilliwi'sf 1>\ wisi ..i west (S\V. hs W. 1 \V.) Il Clnhkaniil l.'ock. Siiiikiii 111,1. — riicii' is a llini- raliioin io(l» in mid rli;iiiiiil lirlwcrii liir soiitli [lomi , ; Island and tin- soiilli point of l'",li/,i Island. .\ .s7/.i'(/ sjhit a'ooiit li 111 Til \ .11,1s Ion 4 h.is Ilmmi foand llirci' Inindri'd and I went y i'i;;lil \,i:.!, llll/a Island. Wllii a Irasl dcplll of li\.' \\-r\ of w.tliTm.i il. Tlirli' is ,| drptll III lilli'i'il liill.i (iiil.sid*' of it ami rroni somii to niiii' f.illioins inside of ii. from this slio.d spoi i In' diiid ini ( llic «'\t!(Min' west point of I'li/a Island hcais soiii IhmsI \,\ .sdinli oni' ijiiai In smiiji |.s;|'.. i.^ > {s;, ami t'lc soiitli point of lainimi Island hi-ars soiilh h. wi-r (^.S. h\ \\'.i. Iifllin;;liaiii I'.ay w as i!isio\ i rid h\ l",li/..i in IT'.'I and n.iinrd lialiia dr ('lastoii. |i w i- snrvi'Ni'd liy \\'liidhi>\ iindiT \',iiiroiivi'i"s onli r in 17'.'-'. and tlirn ii'ii-l\ rd its pirsrnl n :. tlii' old .Vdii'.iialiy cliarts tin' iippi'i' part was named (iaston J'.a\, Iml llicy now n.i > r.idlinuliaiii P.a\. lii'I'oit' passim,' to lilt' dr.scriiilioii of .\i I mi I ally Iidi't, we may slate that i lie amon;ii m ~; . ; line ill I'll' \Vasliiii;,'ton .sound, l!eiliii::liam l'<.\\ , Possession Sonnd, ile., is si\ liiindicd iind H' . i • se\ en II lies. I >urin^ SIN MllllllH I' siMsiiiis tli.ll \w Will ked !M llie St I ail ol I'lliM. W'a.'.jiiiiul. ■ - and Ad mil .lily Inlet we ne\ er Ilea id lliiiiider e\eepi in one insi.iiiee. al < '.\ press Islam, in 1.^ -,r Si rail (1S.VI). THIC CANAI. in-: IIAKO AND KOSAK,0 STKAIT. Mr\i;isuN i.|- Tin; en \nm.i :■.. NVitli )ileiity of wind Uo iiavi;;alioii eon Id he h.ilei ilian that in lliese eliai Is; Inn i i sailili;; Vessels will fi.ipienlls he |ammed close |o the loeks, with only a lew lallioliis ■ iii.side of tin 11 posiijons, hui l.a;\ or tifly on the ontsidi , and hoilinu, sw iriii,;: enneiitsi' -i del tiiwinn with do, lis llllell\ llilpossil'.le. I'l iiplelil ly , loo, ho. its |m\e heeli lieails sm., : llie riinerit rips that exist thioiii;h them. < >ll east point ol .S.ninn.i l.sl.ind, as an iiisi.ii. , o.ircil whali' ho.it entirely l.iiled lo hold her own a^aiiisl the iiii leiil, '.hleli we pid-ed lo I,, / i-ij (the only term appliealile: at the rale of sev en miles per hour. I'll onjjioiit the ( 'anal li, il the I'lai of the eoiillietin;^' eiiriiiits e.iii h • lie.nd for miles, and the ii .: -I euirelit inns li, ■ six miles per hour. .No aiielior.i;;es evjsi in ihis ehaiiml exeept al < 'oriiioi aiil r>a> and Chaii'iel. on the uorl li side of Sidliex Ishmd. There are several known hidden dan-i i riiaiuiel: Kiip /o'/'. sitn;!i«M- .1 l>.ir(\ |s|,im!: I nil /,'er/., iieani' lo l>.ii(\ Isl.iid, :om! I,''»l.. north of (oioeh M.Mid. Hie eli.innel lll.lkes a Il;,:li! an;;le III Its eolllse, lint is a lli.i ami lias 'iimh leeper water than Kosario Strait, wliieh is less eiirved, and lia.s seNeial : \'^ •;iii| know II d.niv'erons roeks with a eiiireiit of .ihoul one and a halt' miles less pi i l,,- steamers I'iilier ehaiinel, or e\eii some of the n.irrow inleimedia ' eli.iiimls, may heii-i i wi' '.: are apt lo fail in Itoth ehannels, ami diiriiiL.' summer fieipi 'iit e;ilins prevail, Sleaimrs lioiind lliion„'h llie (liilf of rMoi-,o:( from the Str.iil of I'lie.i take the Canal .1 i to the eMianee ol Sw.nison I'liamiel, alireas, the west elidol'Stnail Island, lhioii;;li tli.ii ' tothe.\(tive I'ass.aml thenee to the I'ra-iir l.'iver ami I lie ( I nlf of Cieor-ii, thus a\iii.i eiliuiils ol the nolllieiii p.iil of the Caiull lU' II. uo helweell S.iliiriM and Talus Islands. ^^■^mmuii^Bv WllMll UttlVrtJUtH* "K*^ * IW«t»»w»-«w*w»* f lli'l III I. Ill- Mi|:|il,.- 'St |i\ V ,.- I ,, ' soiilli pmiii , : 1 lUclllN •■i.l^lll \.|i,j, •■pill III' lillcrn , I XV><\ till' .ll-,|,i l!,,,„. ttU-i sniiih ,s|':. In s ; '' iil (ln> Caiiai li. I li'lil luiis In ■ ant \\;i\ ,111(1 iililfll ^l,lll^( I :\ Islaia!. ;r,,,! I'. Imt IS ;| III AH .sc\ I'lal ; III ■* Il'N.s |it r lull: . Is, Illil.V 111' H-i ' •I'vail. Ki' I lie ( 'aiMl 'i 1 liili)ll;;h ill, I' ■ ;ia, lliiis lani'l lldS iNhlllljs. li ffi>»»AlSI^*^«': Liunmi Island Sonlliw. m part. K. U\ S, i S., 1(. iiii!,». Matia NUiul, KSK A|i|iri)»oli tuNorlli Kiitraiiri UoKanci Strait fnmi \\ WV. Aiipiciai-li ti] Ni.rih Ki:t raiict- (anal ili- Uai.i Inm, Mdrn i-i. ipjaik iHlatiil, ^XKMv^%:M^m>'m^.m>>ih>:i.-^ ■-::,^:^^:^r^ -; viyrp-> y^>^/v.^.. »k!>. >>. I'aluh l«lairil .i\\ . } W .iiiuilo Ka»t I'oiiit I.ikIiI li..iii..-, su ii\ \\ i W ;itiiil«' I'll lilt a 4i>»»AiS^fm«:;. ...,. , ,_ ■■'•^)'/jT2 ',mj;?^^^i)i*-Mm^mk^m^J^^^^^ Matia NUiid, KSK .fij unlps. inci Striiit fruni W \\V. Siiciii InIuiiiI ^a^ .. ^j'X.'Cil una) di Uai.j Inm, Md.n lUiik, SW. I.y S 4 mil.s. 1 nni I'ohit SW ITJ imIIch !-i. i|'j'«i''^ iHlatiil.'.H iiiili'H. Stimrt Inland. Mdri'stiy Ulan. I. ■■in niilfn. r.lulfl UlHIicl.lf, ||,Jl,.H. I'hIiin l«laii(l. SW, jw.r. iiiiiih ^l£Sm^-m:t «tti. yr .,,. . ' V-!.-f ' ^.4't»JU^.- ^tJi^ is sL -^— - . t \S ',* mil«^ I'tiinlx. iHlftdd, .SW, \i\ W \ W '»fi,il.«H i -i If 5'« t X\:: m¥'-' 4 •I •,. i: n %A -^t45ak-«ii,' Srttiin.H lhl:iii.l >U f W.iWiiile^.-UHM'.'ft \N . nI. rn |mi1, -i'Ji IMIl, -^'Jc lol ...^i.^^^j^;:i^sSgi,^ N'lrtlii a^t I'm 111. K. } N . ,'!} mi leu. AppriMclii's Id Cmmi . • Ham (row AM Soiitli»t»i lriinv ,i~:^j:t^i!t::-..,^'t.;-^.:-:;^ Ht. rii |Kiit. <2o |i oi. M:i,Mir l~I.M,,|, H ! ,s , II mil,.,. >^^^ ^.fe!^■^t^:ii^^;::^¥..^ir;;.:l«^^^^ I'f^'il* iclii'H III Canal . . Ilam fniin AMrn Hank l*lltoH lHl.iltii|liw..i |t.iir, y . ■,! iiiili'K Siicui InIiiiiiIn Siiria Wrxt, K. J S .tiniilc l.iiiiiini MiMiatuin, K. liy S . IVJ tnil.'B, l.riUM.'.l. ■ ■'••«». st'T - '^.a«'%^^5^!«S#>:'5W^ -V ■iinl Ciinii'iliifii'ii, v;,4',;:i I'lfi, l. 1,> .-■ j > llj mil ' 'ic.'ii. Ihlanil. Kiitr»iM'<' M.iiiiitHin l,l»i fcoi 1 !! rV :t I) 'i 11. ;<.■:; '■'I ill! ■li m^ :^- :>*/:::- v . - ..Mmm^ .'!<•'. •^y*"- »', s^'^ili^:^ A|i|iroa(li.-H In I>..|iKl»ii((,Hiii.6l fi..,„ AI.I.^i, lUiik M«tia Kn,t. ;h uuI.«- m< t (■..nHt.fni...,,, -...J;, ,..„,. ssi;.. r^ ,„||..,. I >r^?l^^iv.:: ^ t^V^^f f^'it^^' Km) l'.)it;t. Sll.:iH UUliil, H l.y \V j A' , ::{ iMil^H ..w.&,v..,?si,wte' L5SWI gjUg^lgi 'y^f^-^ '•*SSSf'' ^^^^i^:^^^ friMii Al.lcn r.niik !;ii...M, ssi:., :< mii..*. Mufia Nhiiiil Wrnt ma Miillii M,i,:,|,S , |..,:;J |„il.., I imhi Hii,i> on VMiu'm \U:ik ■■•^'^^^^^^'^.■t|^f^'^' ''• '''\'^^^^m:i'Shiiikt!,%,k^^ .M^Ii \\' , :ij iimIkh ^'K'ltt NIhiiiIs 3K "Tj ^ ^^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I bi|28 mis *^ 1^ 12.2 |l.25 1 ,.4 1 ,.6 < 6" ► ^ 7^ >> *^Vv 'V '^' y /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STRKT WIBSTER.N.Y. MStO (716) 873-4503 d ^ V .§\^ :\ \ ^' °<»>. 6^ 'v- ■'^^. . ' If H 'I Hh k HI If t. wn ' n'iwii . 1 mil 11' ^ it]^ iiln 1 m iMfi ^ e* '<€>^m^- tiKiN on villi IK lUiik ■>!?> rArii'ic t'oAsr i'ii,(it. r.7;{ )j TlIK GULl- 0|- GKORGIA.' Once ill llif (}iiir ol' (;in;; aliuvr inlrnm-iliati^ iiionnt nils Willi llic smiw roM'ii'il Miijiiiiil III .Miiaiil riakci.J wliicli iimis lis IkmiI tni tliiiiisaml si-vcii 1 1 II IK 1 1 I'll li'fl alioM' llic Ii'mI III' I III' MM. I'll ihr \M'slniir||i\vi'>t >ln'lili I In- waliTS iif tin- (illH' iil I Kill;;!. I. Iillir nlll^•■^ wiili' aliri'.isl iiT I'miil Itiiliriis, \\ Ihti' i| is imiihwi'sI, lint s|)ii'a(liiiji mil tii I HiiilN milr>, ami lia\ iny a li'ii;;lli nl niii- 'aiiiijn'd and |\M'iiI.\, A >lim I dislaiiri' aluiM! ilic Im ly- iiiiiili |iarallri il itci'IM's tin- l'"ias(i K'ivit (ihi' lliinl uiral .slri'iiin nl llu' mntliwi'sl loasl), dm :ri I HI I a Ill's of w lihli i isr in llu- llaiiks iil I In- Casitadr raii;:i' nl inmililains. iriiiiiiml M|i till' (iiill'iil (ii'm'i;ia, sailiii;; M'ssrls jiold vm'II In iln- casifin sliiiii; lo avniii llii> nisiiin;; nirii'iils anil in \nkr llii' rlianci's nl'aii aiirlinra^'i- il'lln- wind lads. Tilt' riiri'i'iits in'llir (inll iir«;iMir;:ia smiiliwanl nl'iliv paialirl nl' {''lasiT ItiviT ari; vrrv simnj; .iiid roll II let in;;, ami llii' rips an- ilan;;i'i'mis in small I ma Is. Willi a ImiiIi M'n^i'Is mi llicsi- wains. I 111' wnrst cniri'iil rips an: pinlialii.v in llu- sp.iee ln-hvi'i-ii I'miil Unlicrts and Hid iioilli i'litraiiui! Ill till' Canal dc llarn. ALDKN HANK. Iliiti'iiii;; till' ;:iill rinin tin' knsiiin Siiaii llirii' is iml niic kiinwii daii;;rr in tlii'ilci'ii watiTs, ;iiid tlial IS nil llic c\tciisi\c sjioal I.N ill;; nii llic line liciwccn l.umnii l>liiid and li'nlicils r>liilV. Iii>idc III' the ten tallimn "ill \ c llic lcii;^lli iiT this li.iiik is tlncc and niic liltli iriilcs, and llic ;:ciici,d diicciinii IS iHii'i liw ol and sniillir.ist : I lie a\ I'l .ii;c w lilt |i is line aiid a ipiaili'i' mile-., Imi a nc.sm'I will mil pick II lip unless In l'aii;:es. Tlic M,.,|,i|-d depth nf the hank is Ihree in i'i;^lil ralliiiins, I III a iliiiii/i runs sjint lia^ liccii rmiiid with nnl,\ I'liiii teen led iiT w aler ii|>nn il. On t lie sunt hw est miIc, in\>aid> ilie Snei.i and ! '.iins ;;iniips, the depth imreax's i.ipnllv In si\ly I'alhnm.- ; iin the iiiner side Inwards the main shine the depth dinps ipin kly rinm :eii Inihiilv l'atlinm>. The pas>M;:c lii'lweeii the hank and llic Siieia Islands is twn iiiiles wide, and the ea--lw ml channel is Ihice and I II ill iiiiles w ide. The linll'iiii mi the liaiik Is, III ;;cncral, sandy, u nil >aiall palches thai are imky, iipnii winch kelp is ;:inwiii;^, Iml II IS lint icidiiy made mil, as we lia\ e sailed in er il withniil ^eriii;; any kelp. Ilai iin- i he il.iii-ii, w huh is now mai kid liy a liiin\ . ihis li;ink is a ;:niid .iiiehni . i;:e Inr sailili;; M'NscIs thai .ire liniiml In the iini thwest w aid and li.ne liccnii:)' lieealnicd wllli adM'isc ciiircnts. ('.iic must lie i.ikcii when a \cssel isamlmied hcie, lieeanse the sw ills and iijilie.s 111' the cinieiis anniii'l .iml mer it will he \ciy apl in Inul the anehni. Sailin;; xcsm'Is linm li'nsai III St I'.iit liniind mil llnM'st w .I'd shniihl keep lietueeii llic lialik and llic cas'ern slime, the mnie especially as aiichni .i;;e may li.' Ii.id iindei llieshme when the w imis tail and the cnirciit isclili. A '.csscl may anchm- nn the li.ink in ci::hi tn si\ I. ithnMis nl' w. iter w lion the west end nf I'al'is IslamI IS mi with.l.iv.i Mead mi the snlllllca^t p. ill nl.S:itnina Islaiid mi a cnliisc sniltliwcst hair west, and Mmiiit ( 'niisl itntimi i-- n\cr llic casii'iii pail nl'.Malia |s|,ind. When the Ininy is ii'Hiid. a Vessel may anehnr In the mniliwcsl nl' il I'm' two miles. In the nmlliwcslern eil;:c nl'lhc ii'ii latlinm line. Theic will he |e>s swirling III cnireiits lieic than nn the tail nf the liank, which I II IIS line Hide .smith rrmn the Ini.iy in a n.iiinw pninl, and then drnps nil \ei y smhlciily in In deep "alcr. N.I I li> Vaiiriiiivrr ill IT'.f,'; at i.'iiin In lin eliails tlir liiill' nl' (trmuia iiirhiilrs \V,is|iiri;;liiii Simml anil I'll V. iliis .il'llii- SI rait nf fuel iMsl nl' Ni-.s I l.:l|;;.■l|.•M^. rill' iiiiiiir It iM'rt .iji|'ln "' wiilir Imii;^ I'.lwiiii \aiirninii Nliiiil mill llir main l.iinl, .iinl nnrllnvisl nl \V.|.'. In l-.il. nil. Il nlisnuiiiu ii|.nii llie iiiniililaiii liniii Olisl riirliiiii Nl.iinl, »r miiw iI mhIiIiiiI.V liliak mil ililn .1 s|:i|,. nl 1 I'lipl mil. 111. v.iiiiimHiil'siiinki'aii'l ar.|ii's risliin Ivvii llinilHaiiil 11 'I aliine Iln' nilliliiiil iil'lln' .liniiiil.iiii. Tlir m\l il i> llu ailiv i'\ hail .iii|)airiillv iiasnl. Imt llm Inji nl' tin- Miniiiilai 1 wui il.iimli il •>( iimw, ni il v\a.. rim n il « illi .islii's. In l"70 "!• '•iiw it ill ai'tnil.v. Ilii' vnliimi nf siimkr ami ailii's r|..iiiu aim" I iimii liiimln •! I'l'il almM' I In' ir.iln. I 111 ■ ' r>74 I'ACIKIC COAST J'll.uT. nrov ON AI.DEN HANK. To mark flio shoitloxt «i>ot on (liis Icnik .i s,,oii,l rhiss run huoi/ with nd nml UUul ' . */»i>(.-ili;i.s lu'iii |il,ir<'il III tliri'f ami a half fallioms ot«altr. It laii In- pass.'.l on citlin Hiviii;; It a koimI IhmIIi. Tin- slioalt-sl \vat»'r tioar it i>i lomtcfii led at llic lowcsi ij.i. s. Tlic |>o-iluiii ot tlif liiiiiy is liMMtfil liy the Idllitwiiij; Itciiiiims anil l (N. 77 i: lour ami oiif hall' iiiiK's; aiiil I'oiiit Wliitfliorn, sniitli siihi IMirli ISav. is ii.uili tuch , , wt'st (N. IJ W.I. distant live ami tlircr I'niiiths miles. I'loin tlic slioalcs' spot ilici.iuj, iMtitliwcst l.tiiKciit ol llu> Smia on with the cast taiijrciit orSUiiijack Islaml is soiiili roii\ , yiff.s Wfst (.S. IP W.i; tlif roiMHT IS ilistani lour ami a loiirtli ami tin- lattrr niiii' an.l iiiilcs; Mini tlii'iToss raiiK'' is Mount ( 'oiistitiitioii. .siiovviii': lict ween tlic casH'iu islcl ol iIm ;;ionp ami tlif i.ir;;«"r om- lu'arin^ south twciit.x 4|c;:rccs cast (S. 'Jli I',.), tin' isirt tlisiani iln a tiiiirtii ami thr iiioiintaiii srxoii ami a halt' iiiih's. This ^llon• wa.s ilisfovt-tvil ami iiainctl by tiif l'. S. Coa.st Sinvi'v .sti'aiiicr Avlirv iii I> ■ -.iia\, tiiiee and one half miles wide to the southeast, is veiv shoal, and its eastern part is |i!!im| »i;|i iiiarshy l.iiid. Outside of the point the three l.ilhoin line extends nearly one third ol ;i nnlr, .hmI Ihe ten tathoiii line is one h.ilf mile from the lieacli. W'e lia\e aiiehored in .Ne\eii aini t\,\\\ fathoms three loiirtlis of a mile .soiithea.st from the point, hut it is an iim'oinfoitalile pl.ne wiiii.i •ituithwest wimi and swell. The geo^rajiliieal position of the point is: l.:ititiiilo t- 47 t:l .11 11"! III. l.iMiyilmli' I-.",' I-,' J'.t .■.'«< ^1 It lies two and a half miles north si.xteeii dej^rees west (N. Id ' \V.) from I'oiiit .^IlJll•>, th. northern e\treiiiit\ of l.iimmi Island. The liuliaii ii.initi uf this point i.s Sly ak' .son. ill tj roiNT wiiiTEnniiN. From Sandy Point to Point Whitehoin thedistai issi'ven ami a third miles, and iIk' In uin;^ is iiorih lifty-oiie dej,'rees west (N. .M ' NV.i, Init iiiidNvay there isa ilee|> reee.ssion ol the >hi«ir I' n' to the northeast one und ii halt miles. There is a .shoit line of low shore in the nortlieriinin-i |.iii of this ltij:lit, ami one mile westward of this is the sli;;htlv project in;: elilV named ('lunii I'^i'ii. utf which the thrcct'alliom curve is only two hundred and til'l\ yards distant, with ilepih'. oi twenty fathoms within half a mile. Kicim ('hcr:y Point to Point Whitehorn there ne n.in.iu patches of kelp lyiii;: oiilsiile ami inside the three- fathom eur\e. C'oiiimeiiciii;; almnl two miles northwj'st ol S.imly Point tlieshon' isa steep liIiilV. .iIhui; ..:i hundred and lift.\ feet hl;.di, ami coveiiil wilh w I. ,\t Whitelioili the lace ol the poiiil i> nrnti awa\ liN the action of the sea, and the •! tlieclin>at this point is one hiimlred feet. There is asniikeii rock just outside the low water line, and strannlin^' kelp siii loiiti.i . i'n point. Theie is a depth of three fathoms w ithin a loiirth ot a mile of the liase ot the i lill>. 1 imii it the west end of Patos Island heats south twenty live ile;:recs west (S. L'."» ' W.), di^iin! n H' and a half miles; and Point Mi;;li\v, the norlh po'iit of Liimmi Island, is soiilh loriy loin .!■ ,iv.« east (S. 41^ I'^.J, liulanl uinc and a third uiiles. Wo exi»cnenct'd an eurthtiuake at this pe.ni in 1857. { /,... ':mi».i «r 1. n..| , III'! . I- I',..; l\, . all . -1 ■ 11 \ aii.l .1 'h r ti. \|,r t til re 1 ^ ^v«' I'diiit Whi II 1- tllc tilll! Ml w nil iiui,. cr II 1- li"i 'IMll l.lllllll., is lill.-ij (Mill U liiilr. .iimI II aip! ■ ..'. |il,ui- u ,;;r li. I. MulrN.ll llirtti rmiit. Hircli n».v t' 1 lllr U. ..lili^' he ^holf llUf IM'lllliost |i,ut "/„;•." /'■■..'- Ill . ' . (' ;llt' lullliiii IV, aliiill! "Ill xiiiil i> "iirii I'll.' II. I^llt "I liriniri'i . i' ■ rlllt.-. I I illslaii! II II. ■ Iiiili' .|i _lii^ |lll> IM'.llI 111 ■^Jl^- HirchBay (inllof Ueorn.a. Poml Wliilehorn, K m « t I. •^fec*--.!^^^ lillH ll lil'lllgl.t. I'oii.t \MiH.-li..rii, N\V I W .•^li.iilcn llin li I'miit. (itilf uf UporRui. roiiit Wliitfbcirii. Kiii'li I'a.v (N I mil>-v NWIij N 4 iiiili'x Hirrh Buy (inlf "f Ucmttia INiLiit WliilxliDrn, K i inili'. rr > ..i>* (1 5:f ' i') in; rniini I hi ' ft* I. h 'r:^' ^^.■^:^^^*.^':Bmi^^2f^^imr*^ f'«l.». II. ilir .li.unre s„. u l.liina.. W. hy N. ^ v ,,, ,„,,g. *v . y ■ |,-' } " < U|'™ ^•-|dfi"5»!,. iK2^^^'i^vvat?>»^^ A|.|.ro«,.|i«.t«N..r;liKi,tMi„-.. (•„„« ^c^^^^^ '^^-^^i^^^^^-^^itLas^^^^^sf^^ ' "f^ K.oni.i. P„,o,. NW 1,, N., ,;,, „„,„. .s,.„.,al.a..K. B»y Ap|>r.>i.cliin({ Jfirili -.iv,. v .rM»|iif„Hi Uirili I'liiiii. NSW -. ,(ni„„ ■^^.v^iitou '""••'''• '^ ^'"■^' *■"<■ >..-.. r..„«l .... Man. •r..,„ NNW. illM. ^*;*«'.l'Mr.' I,«l,t I «... T...„l... I„|„„.l • J\^ 20**^ i.'^'t&i' "«'•*■£• ^:ij»'-' -i-^'-- ,■«'?'•:'■ .'••I'.t^'.*" i.'Hi."iri'- |T..a,l,.nK H'f'li >•'"■ '-mHliiiMH, H., Mroin AMrr, H^.uk lirili I'nitit. WW -. ,„, II ■! Ii Km I'lmil VVIiiri-borii, N liy \\ .1,111, 1.- A\ 1! i«*7ii0lfe f' ■■^tr ■' '• -1-". .^B&m^a;^^^ K«..ii,aM I'liiiil, NW I.) N |:i(i, ''"I"' VMiil'-lKirii, N t.) W i, rinlr. \ •. llij. I'ArlKlf (MAsr ni.oT. r,7r, lUKCII HAY Ihr smiHImiii |"iiiiI .'I lliis line l.,.,\ is I'niiit Willi. In. m. in.si (Icscrilif.!. ;iih| IIic iir.rlliwcst ■ M. iH Idlllifil l.> .1 I..N-, i.nii.liii;;. IiikIi lijiilf I..MIIIIM ,.^j„.||^ ijmr^l lioin Wlni, I, ;ti„| 1 l.illl lliMf miles. This I nil III 1 1 II;; li.'.4ii is I'.iiili r.iinl. || is Imm\iI\ \miim|>i| Iii||ii> w.Un '.s cil;;!- ,1, !.• Ilir l.lllil llsf.s I. MM I.I ll\r Ir.l iis a IKIIIi.w Ix'IM ll ;ilii| I lli-li rulil III Mrs ilil.illil ill n lull-, lull m|. lull ...vi'icti Willi the l»oil;;l.i> III. I lir lull is .iIkhii H,,,.,. luiiMlir.i .iii.l lili> I. rl In;;!?;!!!.! I In- II. I ,, 1 i-lil.\ Iffl. MiriTlJN III) Ihr lil-h w.lli I iil.llU IS III, ..|l.lln', liiiwlih'i iilHiiil hllri'ii Icrl in I'Mi'Ml ••nil liiiii' In-I aliiiM' lii;;li wali'i. Iiiii'h I'liinl is UiMiwii lis Siiiiili r.liii) nil tiii> Kti^^lish cliiii'ts. Ilir li.i.N iMiis rmiliiasi l..\ nnilh luu ami a liall inilr.s, uiih a whltli iif nnr ami a Iniir niilrs. I ,1 liiiiliiin iH \ci.\ iiiiiroiiii, Willi ra|iilal ImiMiiiu «i..iiml of snii ninil m \, li.iii |.. m\ l.uh s ,.i nalti. I'll.' Iliir iir >i\ lallmm^ riiii> lioin r.iiiii \\ liili'liiiiM In liinli I'dini Tin- ImmiI nl iho i i\ has a Inn. 1.1 low >v,il.i' aiiM an. I IIii.t r.illi..rii> nn.' iiiih' li.nii III.' iiinl h.'i n .slmi.-. 'I'll.' iiiinii- .liiic .Imiis ail' |n« .111.1 I'.ly.'.l vMih iii..ish> jmI.Ii.s. iln.k iiii.l.i -r..M ih, an.! Iii'a\.\ wnn.l. N.i ,iiii'.iinM>. ai.' ii.'.TNsai.\ r.ir iiilci in;;, as iIi.t.' .iir ili'|>ili> ni iiliiiii in iwcniv liilmnis a inii.' niii -III.', \Mlll .s.lll IIIIhI.In ll.lll.llll. ll IS lll.l.l.i .i|U'|| In llli' siil||||\\.'>l .lllll «l's|, lull lIllMIIU Illl1lc.l\ i.>l iiillii'asl \M- iiliiT II. I sv.ell i.s li'li li.'i.' Ill .1 |>in|ii'il\ •mI..'|.i| Imia-.'. A ;;imi.1 ImtiIi i.s Iniiii.! I I'liii lalliiiiiis .if vN.iici, .i\.T snl'i ,iiiii|, whi'n W IiiIcIiim n I'niiii li.'.ii s sniii li, ilislaiit nn.' mil.'. M'.' s.'.H.'lu'.l I'ni Cii'sli \\alii. lull r.Himl ii.iiii' in ,ii.' spa.'.'.il' mmi' Ih.iii .i iml.' al.ni;; its mmiIIi- .m-i.'iii Sl.ll'. lull III. Tl' Is s ■ III III.' llnllilil'li ;..ll i Ml till' lia\ I'l'llincl Ih.' hln.nl ll.il^. rill' ;;cn;;ia|iliiial iiiisiIidii .if I'niiil Wliil.liiil . , . ^ .li'li'niiini.l l>\ lli.' I'. S. ('oa.sl Siiia.'v, is; I-iiiiii'li' I- .■.:; I",. - iiniili. I.iiii;;liiiili' I-;-.' i: I'l ,iH,>i. 'ill. 11' is a wliarl' aii.l wan-liniisi' al tin uiicr oml .m Un- >niiili >linii' ni' llin-li r.a,\ almiil .mi' 111.) .1 li.iir mill's iiisi.li' nl' I 'mil I \\ hil.hni II. Tli.- « n.irl' is ,in.' hniiili.'.l ami «'i;;lil,\ .\ .ii.U Imi^'. In .Inn.'. I ."'•,', \',in.'.)ii\ .'i .in.lini.'il in llnli l.i\ wjijlc hi' ni.nli' a I'nai .aji. ilii imi nl' mni.' li.iii nil.' hnii.lii'.l null's In llm iini'lh\\i'>l. Hi' iiiin..! Ih.' Ii.i\ mi ar.'niiiil .'I' I Im jiliiiinl.inn' nl III. k I'lifli « liii'li y:ii'w M|inn Ms slini.s. II'' |.|.ii'i .1 ll Ml liiitiiili- |s ."i:;','. \ nl. I, |ia;;.'s .;|."i, .;ii;. In .Inn.'. IT'.i'J, tl.iliaiin ami \'.ili|iv. .'.illiil ilii> ii.i.\ ilin liiis.iia.l.i .1.- ( i.ii/.nii. 'I'hi' linli.iii 11,11111 i> I sail wiii'li. riii> IS till" I'll'lh'"' I" 'in I linllhiV.ll.l nn I In' r.lsl.i ii slinicMil I h.' dull nt (nnl;;i.l In wlil.li .nil' |.i iMiii.il I'X.iiniiiall.His h.iM' .'Nicmli'il. SKMIAll MOd HAY. Ili'iw.'.'ii Hirrli Piiint ami tlir rasicm aii'.;l(> iil° r.iiiit linlM-iis. ilistani i'i;:lil iiiili's ri.iin i-a.-li ..Hill nil a linllll ri;;lll\ IW.i . I. ';;!.•. 's \vi'>l (N. S.' W.) .'niiiM'. Ih.'l.' n|i.'lis a \.'l,\ cMi'll.^ix C ai I'.l .'I w.iiiT that lia.s a iiavii,'ali|i' ilrptli in iIm' iinrlhi.iNi |>aii,an.l i> niil.v an r\li ii>'M' .-'hnal in tlii' 'I iiliwisi pait. Till' Ininici' is kiinwii ,is .S.'ini.ih'ninn \>,i\. ||ii' lall.T as l'iniiiiiiai,\ r>a,\. Iiniii IliH'li I'liliil 'III' .sli.n.' Iiiii' runs m.iijv mnili i. i i wn anil a lliii.l unit's, ,inii Ih.' I.imi ; ills ^r.ii|iiall\ in h.'i;;lit In III.' rniiiini "ii'i'ini'iil nl .i Inw , n.ii i nw sainl s|i||, w liirli rmil inili's nil.' mil.' la I ill ll wil'i a lli'ii.l a lllllr iiinii' In Ilic I'.isiw aril. Iti'hiinl I his spil is l»ia\ Inn ll.illinl'. 'I'll.' -!iiil.' t.i till' mil liiw .11.1 III lliis s|iil IS Iniii' iiiil :i li.lll' Inili's nnrlli rrnin lliiih I'niiil, .ilnl lillis i-asl I'll! vM'si Iniii mil. 'S, In Kwiiin.iis rniiii,* wliiili I'nniis ilii' nnilhu.'sl Imiii nl' .Si'iniali'innn I'l.i.v. r.iiili I'nini IS lull;;, rniimliiii;. .mil liliiit. ll i> almiil I \M) liuiiilii .1 Ici'l liiiili. anil is.l.'iiM'ly w.in.l.'.l Mill Ih.' |).>n;:las lir. wlncli ailaiii-- a h.'ii;ht nl .iiihl.v Ic'l .ii mnrc. 'Ih.' .Ic.'ji lH'.:ht l\iny li.'himl r.iii'li rmiil ami Kwomai.s r.iiiil iiia> In- nrknm.l S.'iiu.ih'm.i.i I'lav. Ih.' lalliT |inlii; is .i . ..iM|iaiali\i'l\ Inw. I'niimliii;;, lilnlV |>n'nl niir .iml .( Ii.ilf null's mnl h nl llic inn ihur.Nl.'rn liniiinl.iiN liiii' li.'ivM'.'ii ill.' I'liili'il .Slali's ami Itiilisli Cnlnmliia. ami li\.' n l.'s iimllivvi'st I'lnin Hinh rmiii. I'll.' .Irplli .ll waliT in Ihc l.a.v iaiii;.'s timii .■h'V.'ii l'.illinin> in ihl..' l.ilhniiis hill a imlc I'lniii I1..I1'. ('\ii'|il niu' mill' ra.sl III' Kwii iiiais I'niiil. u ln'ii- I lir Hull' l.ilhiiin lint' iiins .'Insi' iinil.T ilii' -in. I.'. Til.' Iinllnin is siit'l mini ami Ih.' In.l.liii;; ;;r.inml is ;;nnil. Inil liic u hnh' l.a.v is .lin'i'll\ n|i.'ii ;..ilii' sniiih. .Mill lli.'sniitln'il\ \viiii|slia\iiiu -^ Inn- ri'.ii'li m'IhI in a innsiil.'ial.h' s.'a. N.'\.'i llichss ;lii'H' IS lair pinii'i'linn ainii;; llii' .slinii' iiniili nl' Ilinli I'liinf, iinh'ss lln' wiii.l works iiiiiii.l tn the ihwi'-l. .111.1 Ih.n a vi'.ssci iiii,i;lit ;;.'! shell. t iiisnle Hie spit Iniiniii}; Di'ii.vtnn lliirli.ir. •Ciilli.l N.iitli llliiir 1.11 .V.IiniiMlly iliart, No. V-'i'i^'.*. I i >t M< IfiH ^1 57G I'Aciru" coAsr piLor. Ill tlio iiortliorniiK.st part of tlio Ita.v wli.-ro ilioslioivs aiv low ami lli.. slioal wai.i i- m,, ,„ ln-..a.l olVllif Itcarli.tli.'if is a siiiiill stnMiiMMll..mi,. IS I. Ill-Ills >;i\fii li\ lli.'lliUT liiindrcl l.'ct Im11..c!. I.v iii^'alxMil ;i mile mn lliwcst w.ini m ■ , n,,,, : It was iiiM.U' thf iiioiitli (if lliis stream that tin- Aiiinu an Comiiiissi. mums ..f i li. N,,i ;!,.,, .,, Immiu.I.iin ('(Miiiiiissi.iii t'licaiiiptMl ^I'v,:) on ai.umii ,.r ilint' luiiij; tirsli wal.i h, i. j,- riiiiiilli ul' I'lc siicaiii can lu- hmcIumI onlv liy a caiiiir al low walcr. 7i,/«.v.— rill' «'.iiri'cti'il K.-.tal>lisliiiiciil, or int'aii iiilnval lictvM'cn tlir timi' of ili.' :\„., Iraii-il aii.l tin- iiiiii- of lii-li water, is 1 V ,V.I'', and tlir ilintM.'iice liel w .■••ii ihr -nai, -i .,i,.l |,„. mil r\als is L"' L'J . Tin- iiieaii lisc and tall ol' tides is live ami nine leiitlis feel : d v|,,|ii- i,,,,, seven and eiie teiilli feet. Tlie mean diiiatum <>f the llund is G'' 14"; of tlieeMi.ii II .aiiiii.ii stand, !.'!•'". Tlie two tides of the saiiii' d.iv are t^eiieially iinei|iial in pio|)urti(in to the Momi'- diil m: . The time and height of e\ei\ tideot theM,irnia\ I'e olit.iiiieil 1>_\ eoiisullin- the I'.i. ,i., i. 'I'alil.s. piililished annually h\ the I'. S. t'oasl and t;eiidetie Siii\ey. For the time ami ImuI/ anv ie.|miei| tnle tir>l t-liiain from the tables ih.' time and hei;;lit for i'orl Townseiid; ll.enn.i time ol the taliiilai hiuli water add one hour, and to the talnilar hei;:ht atld se\en li uili- ,,; , |, , lo the ijihiilar time ol the Ion w ater atld one Imnr and tliii ly three miiiiiles, and lo i !,,■ i.il,, , laliiilai height adil one tenth ot a loot. On tlie Spaiii>li ehaits of (i.iliano and WiMe/. (in tin' L'l'eat Spanish Maiilime Aili-. M.nli I7!l."() the name ol this \>a\ is l-Iiiseiiada ih I lin^aiio, or l>eeeption tliilf. In the Adiiui.du iii,. tif lJ>t7 this l)a\, iliellldlll;; HoniidaiN Hay, was ealied Shallow liay. A ii);:p of this bay was pnblislied by the ['. .S. Coast Survey in 1S,")S. DKAVTON IIAl!I!iii;. I'loin r.inli I'tniit the shore runs a scry little east of north for three and two tlimls mil. ;;i'adiiall\ deii easing In height to within a mile ot the end of the lon^, low , narrow >|>ii. u I i li one mile .iinl a ihiid forms the western boiindarv of this harbor, and is Kiioun a^'ln:!.!. > .liist before the spit eomineiiees the land behind it is three hundred leet lii;;h. rhiss|iii i-ii.\i . with I'oarse i,'rass and diifl wood and a tew tir trees. The extremity of the spit is inm imiii| by the town of Seiniah'inoo. 'I'he shore northward and eastward of this point i> ilnn- iiiHi - a mile distant, but the water is shoal, eveepi close under the point of the spit. The h iihi. N. ' tenths of this aiea is rilled by tlats and shallow water, but just east of the point and rli'^e im ;. it there is an area of nearly half a mile s<|iiare h.i\ in;; three to six Lithoms of w.iti i. i\;ili ,i i, , row, deep channel conneetiii^' it with Seiniah'inoo ll.iy ami riiiiniii;{ close under the imiiit. I'lie southeast part of the bay is tlat and inaisli>, and is separated I'om Hiieh ila.v !•> ,ili.iii! a mile of low l.ll.d densely wooded. Outside and west of Toii;;iie Spit there is a broad low water beach, and the thiei I.iiIi.iiihi.i ■ extends ne.iil.N li.ilf a mile from the shore. A vessel must not, theielore, apinoaeh the spit im.iu; than 1: lit a mile, or two thirds of a mile, in live lathoms of water until the exlreiiiit> ut tin -pi! iM'ars east half south, w inn it can be steeled for and passeil close to in ti'.e .• si\ l.iili.'ii - ^ : i-'p > 'I tiiiiie to the sonlhe.isiward until the end of the spit beats n.at lUc-I !i\ 11 water, ami then eontinii three eighths weM iNW. by W. ;; \V.) half a mile .list. ml, where an anchora,;e is had in si\ i.i'i.. ft sticky bottom. South «if this position the ba\ sho.ns uradii.illy to UmIm- lialf a mile, with iiiiidd\ sticky bottom. There is looin in this anclioiaK>' lor three oi l.iii of water (ivi-r so n iia vessels, as w I II as for se\( ral small ones, and they are peifecilv sheltereil. Oi I Ihr I -.11' Toii;iin> Point a vessel may he beached foi repairs. The border of the shoal ;;ioniid .iieiiiici im •liora;;e is marked In poles stuck on the ed;;e of the Hats. .V(/r huoii iiikI ,linrtlnns—.\ ml spur himy lias been placed at the cntrame to HiiMmi. li.iii. at the tiiinof the channel. It bears west half a mile (one tl sand yar.ls, fiom iliecinl .i the wlmrf •>ii the extremity of Dra.vtoii Spit. It i.s jiist olV the shoal and lies in si\ I'iMimmi'^ .1 v»aier. To enter the harbor follow the shores from the sonthwar; iii'i- of a mile; round the liiinv and inn direct to the end of Semiah' .wharf. •l'aiii|ilii'll HiM-mii ilir Ailiiiirally rli.ol. Nm. '.'lisll. "ill w:i|,.r iv„in.,„i, •Mlioii of iln, v||,,,,, >I\V.II,| ,,| l.,„„„||i ' •''"■' lull-. |,ii; ,,, ""I"' "'■ III.' M,M,, '>■ .-KMll M .ll,.l 1,.,,,. '''■' : "I' -I'tiii- |i,i,. '•'.<''' II ..lUij i.lll. • Moiln\ .Ircilll.i::,,, tiii;,'llic I'.inii, T..,|, <• liin.' li^i.l iiriiil.iw '*li'-<'liii ; Ihi'ii tiitii. \<'ll ll'Mlll^ 111 :| I,,,,; , alMJ In Ih.. I.iiilj.i liitic All. I-. M.i,|i,,| lif ,\iliiiii,iii\ ,j|,j 11(1 t\\(i iliii,|> i,|.i,. irnw ,s|,|l. Hi,;, I, |„| i« n as 'rniuMi' S|.ii TIll.S S|i|I I- , ,,,, ,, |M| In ||,m I.,-, i||.;iit I i> llllr. llHlllllMll 'I'lir llMllii.r jsl.iiiil I li.iir riii'.'s. >'iin.. iiit ami I'xM' iiikIh ^^at(•l. unh ;i ii.n till' jioiiil. IWlcil il.l. Ii\ .lliiMII tllllT l.lil ..||, I aril llir -: : , , lrcllll|\ nl llM V].,; I' ■' M\ l.llllnlllMil li..|tllU I -I liV Hf>t liail III M\ t'athiiiiis lallv tip Ivwhi-tiit illll'C 111 lull! I.II;.'C On III! iiKiiii'i'l IIUIIIIll .llllllllll lill' II I l|a\ lull II. Il'' ■ ) rmiM III!' II ■ > in .-.i\ i.iiliuii.^ 1 1 laii (liiri ' !.iri'r> £ ' 1 \H L:s^;^m^^^^^^^^^^^^^^''W*''^^m K.mt«'rii Piiini I'oint K. iM-rm M an Inland, WNW, ti imleB. Wenlorii I'lmit. '^^Mi^^^^^SSS.!^^!^^^^^^^^^^:, Wfnt I'l.ini NW bv N I'.iint Ro),ort(i m an IkUimI Kant I'l.int. N. by W. } W., K^ mil.-t. .MoiiniaiuD iiiirtliof ltui(»ril Inlrt, limtHiit :«iniilt»; flpvation, 4,H(l()riwt. I'-'iTi! Kobt" Ui'hI. :• inili'.i l>i! .V,l'..') iiortli. Id'.',' wont. 7Vi/r.s.— Tlic tinn's an*l hei^l-ts of tlic tides me n'wi'u mider tlie description of Seiniidi'moo IJay. IIm re are iinw three wharves at the end of the point and liorderin;; tiie ciiannel. On tlie htw point one ndle east troni tiu^ end of Tonyne Spit, on the opjiosite side of tlio bay, iliereisa new settlement, called Illaine. On the Admiralty chart this point is called Willow Point. Thero is a wharf one half a mile in len;jth stretchiiif,' southward from the town of lilaiiw on I III' noi'tli shore of the liay and reachin;; into (he channel. li ends opposite the inner side of tin- Semiah'moo Sjiit, ami there is a lary:e sawmill on tho iii>i(li' 1)1' this wharf and inside the low water line. Kiayton Ilarliorwas examined and named liy the I'nited States Mxploriiif; Kxi)edition in I.Stl. I he I'liiled States and British steameis attai-hed to the Niulhwcstcrii i'.oumlaiy Commission were ;iirii-.|(iincd to anchor here (1S,J7-'">S). A map of it was published liy the I'. S. Toast Survey in IS'iS, about the time when the town was lirst settlcil on a«;count of the Eraser Itiver ^jold excitenn>nt. BOUNDARY BAY. This is the inirthwesteni part of the };ulf lyiii<; between I'.irch Point and Point Roberts. It is 111 Noned to embrace the broad shoal area iietwecn K wo niais Point and the eastern head of Point li'olnils. The latt(>r lies six and three I'onri lis niilcs south forty one dc>;i'ees west (8. IT' \V.) from till' loruier; and tf) the noithwcst of the line joinin;; thcni the liay is four and oiielourth miles lilt p. ami there ih very little nntre than three fathoms tui the line. Half the di'ittli of the bay is M i\ shallow, ami its northern shore is low and marshy and Iriii^ed with trees and busjies. From iliis north shore low land heavily loiested extends noithwcst three miles, to Fraser Hiver. Point Kwonmis is a roundin;; blutV point Iwolmndred feet lii;;h and densely wooded. From it tlie shore runs northwest for two miles, and m-arly a mile behind and northeast of the low point at this distamu! thero is the entrance to a stream named the Niconuckl River. From the |K)int a <'liaMmd carryinn' from one and a half to live tathomsof water leads through the Hats to deej* water. /'ii/»i< L'ohcrtn. — Tho eastern head of I'oint Roberts forms tlu^ western boundary of this bay. 'fins head is om* hundred and fifty feet hiyli, with a nearly veitical white face, and its summit is covered with trees. From it the land borderiu;^ the bay falls jiradimlly to the northwestward. From this head an «'xtensive reef extends one mile marly due east, with broken bottom marked liv kelp ill lour to live fathoms at nearly two miles. Hcep water makes well under the northeast- ern iiartof the head Just north of this reef, and the surveyiiij;- hri;; FnHnthnnj has aiu'liored here. Iliit the usual anchora};<' is in seven or ei-ht fathoms of water over sandy bottom when the west- ern spit of Point Roberts is just shut in by the white clitVs of the eastern head, which will bear west s(Hith west, distant tnie and one half miles. This aiiilioia;:e is only a stopiiiuK plaee for sailinjj vessels, and they must be prepared to leave on the shot test wariiiiii.; if a southeaster is threatening. The uco-iaphical position of the station of the 1'. S. < oast and (ieodetic Survey on the top ol the clitf a* the eastern head of Point Itobcits is: |„iijtmli> 4s Tis' •,>('> '..I iiortli. I,iill;;illlili> l'-':i 111 '-i-* -^ wrst. This is the western part of the Fnseiiada del i'.ufjafio of Caliaiio and Valde/, I7!>L'. It was not iiaiiird by Vancouver. It was simply desi-naleil as shallow im the Admiralty chart of 1S»7. It was named Mini l>ay f tlio iM)iiit is visiltl.- as a \,m<:, low. Hal, woimIi-iI isliiiid. sIm, iim !h,. «|,,,. ••lilV at till' fasliTii point. N\ hfii llif wrallii'i is rli'ar the lii;;li iiiomitaiiis thai lir jiisl norili of r.iiiranl InK , ,, ovi'i I'oiiit KoltiTts. They attain ; li'valinn of I'oriv (■i';lii juinilr.'il ami fi-liiv i. , ,,1 ,, iwi'iiiv six mills north wanl of I'oint K'olii'ils. Kroni llosano Strait tin' sciiithwi'siri ri point Immih nrarl> noiijiwrst liy wrsi ihh ,1,1:, wi'st (N\V. h\ W. ,' W.i.ilislant i'i;;IiliTn aniietehin;,' southeast wanl tioMi till' nioiith of I'laser lliver, and loriiis il,, «i«!,,i, slioieol' r.oniiilar,\ liav. 'I'hi' sunt hern laee ni' this pi'oniont4ir,\ is two ami a hall' niili- '■'■\z\\f^i. siinihwesi ami vast northeast, with a ver\ N|i;;hl ieee.>sion of the shore .ilon^r this imm. 1],^ eastern lieail of the point has alreailv lieen ileM'riheil as a white ami immiIn \erlieal eliii r,iii' liiiii tlleil anil lil'ty feet hl;:h, ami eoxeled Willi a dense loresl ol' hiiil^las lir and olhei llee^. Ill, I, ;i, 1,1 ;:reatl\ to lis apparent liei;;hl. This white elilV deen a-es in liei;,'hl lor a mile lo ( he iv!\\,,i' when tlie shore is l.ivv to tin' western spit, wliieli is a low shiii;,'le point. Iieliind wlneh ' 1 1 \ aiea of le\el. elear Kind. Neaih a mile north of this low. Ie\el land Ilie ehlldi' M. , i- , head, which inns dia;;onall.\ towards the northwest, li,eaKs upon the western >lioi. i.| 1'. Iiolieiis, aliont a mile from the Miiith\M"eai- lhe\ weie liiirnt liowii. The ;;eo;;iaphie.il position of the I". S. ("oasi and (leodelie .Siiim'v station on 1 In notirii |>iiint is; I.alitiiili' I- .'i- IT '..'i 11.111 1 I HI I II. I.' 1 •-•■■■ I' I :.;!.- «.M It is tlien'rore nearly two miles sonlli of the iioithwestein lioiimlary lietweeii iIm I'ln-.i .Si.iies and r.riti>h Colnmliia. I'rom the western extremit.x of I'oint Kolierts we have the lollowinf; hearin-s ami ■Iki.iim., to important olijeets : Itir. Il r..iiit, I'.l.i.k Ituny N- "'■• r.. I" "111.- I'.mil Willi. 11.. Ill, Hi ill'.ii.n N. -'• 1'. I'-' mil" Al.l.M llaiik, l;.-.l aii.l ltl;irK llii.n . ni tin..' .iii.l ■ h;iir I;illi..iii^. S. DV 1:. llji'i'l— Mi.l . ii.'iiiiiil. li..rlli .iiliaiir.'i.I' III.- t aiiiil 'li' ll.ii.i -■■ I^ ■'■■' '-■ 11', iii'i.- Arliv. rj>.s l.iyhl liiiiiM, lii.iir;;i:i I'.iiiit. wiiUli si.l.' .'!' I'Mliaii.i' S :!l \V III lull,- Kiilr.iiirf Nlaiiil Liiiii li.iiiM, ii|i|ir..:ii II.- i,, \.iii.iiiii,i N ~' W. ;i'.' inil.- (ialiii.ila If.', r. I'.la.k Mm.'. . nii nl..i\.' i .'iirM- al • I i imli- Norlli Siui.l ll.a.l. liawilJiM-r l.ii:lilli..ii-.' N- T'J W. '.') iimI.- There is an open aiiehoraj:e under the .si.iilh l.iee of I'oint Hoherls w iieie ilie I S. ( ,m-; Survey lirij; I'liiiiilUrini used to anelmr in ten r.ilhoiiis over hard sand alionl time .pi ,1 1. 1 - m .1 mile eastward of the point. Iiistion^ northerly w iiiils dow n llie -iilf the heavy >lioi ; -u.i - liiokeii and ehan-ed in direelion liy the point. .M the eliaii;;.' ol eimeiils willi Mieli .1 »iii,l ili swell the anelioraj;e is very iineomtorlable: Iml as a rule ihe enrreiil. e\en on theel.l.. v> ,> t„u:ii.i< the west. There is .seaiit anehorage jii>t northwest of Ihepoiiit in eij^lil fathom- ol mi, 'Viii eood holiliii-Kronml three fourths of a mile from the point, elose ne.der the ed-e m iIii-IuliI hank whieh makes out half il mile from the we>lerii shore. The lan-re for this aiMlmia^'-'i!. .Mount Consfitiiti .ver the low point of llolierts. whi.h l.eais soniheasl half east, ani 1 1.1. in elilfof the foitviiinth parallel, or the monnmeiil on its snnimit, l.earin,ir northeast, flu' ^i.n.il l.aiik will he only a ipiarter of a mile to theeaslwani; it is sleeii to and shoals smld. li .. SIhI'* ean not lie here in an\ slioii;,' wind. rrom the southwestern spit of I'oint KohiM-ts the shore to the northward is low fm mmIi-. iml then eoinmeiiees a lilntV two and a half mih's Ion-. The general direelion of this >li. > !ii west l.v north, and at the p.nrallel of forty nine de-rees there is an openin- throng >! »" the i.roMiontorv lo mark the line of the Northwest I'.onndaiy. .M the western opeiiiii- ;l,r liliitt i> hundred and ei-hty feet high, ami at ihe top in tin' Riip there is hnill a -ramie ii. niiinm •rii- linuiutm;, M n.i.N .m r.Hi.l H"!"'"!- liit«i-ii H"' '■'n"'! •^'•"'"' •""' I'""-'' *'"' '"'' ■"' ' ' l"'"''""' f„rtv.,iiiill, paralM. lak.n In.m lli,- I,.|M,^:^M.I.i.•al iiia|i lli.' ii,..ii.nM,.„l at Hi.- .• iM.ni Mil- el lli.^ |.. n ■ i,a .« »o , .lr..il ami .ixtv var.ln ,- rll, ..f latitn.l- 1',. ; an.l Hi.^ m m m "i" "i'mIitii k„1.. is Iw .1 iMnl n^V .lim.yaril-C! Hmrll, -f n . PI,...,, .n.irs ar- .1..m1.I1. -s ..vvi,,.,' 1.. Hi.- .Irll.-.ti.ii. .'fHi- I'lmnl. Ini" .1 '■ - .' • iculMlalimi "ftlii- linnmlan Ci.iiiiiiinsi.iii in Sniiial Hay. 1 1-.'." I.s.>.) PACIFIC COAST IML(»T. r)79 laixl, slid, illi; !l„. Hint,, ItllllMI'll llll> 11' Mil, lltl ri;;lit\ li . , .ii|,| ,ii,. li\ West till I .jii.ii'ii. Kirn I'liiiil It !" Ills «iM. Ml U:lli • iif I'mr riixflril Willi Imi'sl. I'SCIlt a Mliall lii\Mi H,;i- V still illll "111 I 111- HlsIiT', :.- 17 .:. 11.11 1! Ill ."fcl .- Hi-^l iiirv lirl VM'i'li '111' I'lii'i'i 1' lieariiiu^ Mini ilisi.iniv- r,. Ii> mil. - i:. I--' iml.- i;. Mi 111.:- i;. II , I" . \V. Ill mil- - W. ;i-.' mil. ■ •Jl; M!'. \v. ;ii 11, I. tS \\1HT(' III'' I >. ' "I- liiiilt tlni'i' M'l "''I' "' ' ic livaxv sliiii ; >«imI •' ■ Is Willi MII'll •! «iii'l ■!:' I (III IliiM'lil". H.is |iih;ii. - I rallitiiiiN lit "JiiiT. «ii; tlic I'd^f "I tlirslii. Mf I'm- this .Mirlmniu'' • I liair ^.l^l. .il"! Ill'' I'.' ii; 11(11 tlii'a>i. Till' sli"' NJioals ,siiil'l'!iK. >li'"- inl is l(i\\ fill I mill'. ' in (if this .sli'irr i> mil' ii;: tliiiinyli II^' |.iti->i" stern (i|i('iiiiit; ^ln' I'ln" ill a ^ciaiiili' II" iiiiiii'i'' ' 'i.liiiiilii;! .'If I '■ ill. of 111!' |.. silll- is I \M1 lull. |llllll|ll Illll' III '''" twcnty-flvo foot, liitii, on'otoil us tlic initial point nf tin- limiiMlary. Tlio nortliwpst toriniiiatinii of till' cliff kIiiiii' is known as r,n;,'lisli UliilV. Tlicnci' aloii^ tlic sliorcliiu' to (ho iiortlu'i'ii and luiii- ( ipiil inonlli of tlio Frasor liivcr, llio direction is ron;,dily I'oitliwest lor six miles, or niiio and a (piartor niilos from tlic western spit of Point liobert.s. Tiiis part of the slioro i.s low and densely woiiiled. This promontory was discovered liy Don Franoiseo Kliza in 17!M, ami named the IVninHula i|i« ("epeda. It was next M-eii liy Vaneonver in .liiiie, li'.iL', and lie naini'd it Point Koherts. In I lie s'tiin- year, alter Vaneonver, Kli/.a's name was retained by (laliano and Valdez. In the Admi- ralty charts from I.SIT it is called Itoberts Point. THK UOnKUTS AND STrROEON HANK, nUITISn COLrMTlIA. The ureat Hlioal liank extendin;^ from the delta of the I'raser Hiver nearly onothinl aorosB llie (Inlf of CieorKJa is formed liy the detritus l)roiii;ht tlown liy the P'raser Iliver through its several mouths, l-'rom tlni western extremity of Point Kolierts it .sw(c|is in a rou};hly semi- I'iiciilar arc to Point (irey at the entrance of Murrard Inlet, nineteen miles to the northwest. Tliroii;;li this extensive .sli'ial two iiiodeiately deep cliamiels cut their way for the main river and (or the north tork. The piiiicijial cliannel is formed hy the main river, and all tlu^ area from this cli.innel to Point Koherls is now known as IJolierts Hank, and that to Point Cirey is the Sturgeon Hank. Vaneonver tjave the latter name to the whole area. A marked peculiarity of the bank i.s tlie slee|i to chara(!ter of its seaward cd;,'e, where it drops suildeidy fniiii twoand three fathoms of water to ten ami twenty even at the very inouths of the channels. Olf the mouth of I'oint Itoberts, we hav(» idready descrilieil the open anchorai;e there. Vessels an^ warned to keep a vi;;ilaiit lookout for this ^M'cat daii;rcr when approaching it in thick and smoky weather, the more es|iecially as the cmri'nts are (piite strong and not regular towards the Point Roberts part, olf which there are very heavy current rips, which become dangerou.s to small ves.sels when an adverse w iiid is blowing. riLOT LAWS ANU IIKGULATIONS I'OK THR STRAIT OF FUCA, ITGET SOUND, AND ALL AMERICAN WATERS I'KIilAIMNir THERETO. (Apimivdil, Ki'lirnaiy ■-', I"' — ; tonU ilVcct April 1. I-'--.) Sko. 11. Tliiit, pvery ihIhI 'Hi lnniiiliii;; ii msmI shall, ai tin' niiinst nl' tin. iiiastiT, i'\Iiiliit liis lipcnHO, anil on ri'l'iisal 111 ilii KO, Hliall 1.1' lialilr In a pi iiallv el' titty (Inllais. Skc. I'i. Tlial il shall Ik. tin. iliily ul' i'm ly |iiliil in i liaryr nf a \ i s«. 1 aiiiviii^ at aii\ ut' tlir imrls nf rii^ji't Sdiiiid iir iN liniiichi'M, til liav Ih'- Nrssrl Hali'ly iiuiiin'it ^l rail, or In nr liniii tlii' I'ai Uii' < Irra'i tliiiiii;;li .saiil strait Inr hire, miil'T pi'iially nf Ihri'i- hiinilriil ilnll.irn liiii' for rarli ami ■ .i\ nlV.iisc., This pi iially is imt iiii'iirrnl whiii' I hi- iiiastrrnfa vi'ssul ii'tH as his nwii pilnl ; prn\ iiliil lliil I In- liia»li r nr nwii. r nf any vi s.scl shall Iinl I"' ininpilli'l tn taki' il pilot iiiiiliT till' prnviNinns nf this act. Skc. •.'!•. That pilntu taK'ii In sia against thi'ir \\ ilN, win n a linat is in atti'iiilaiirc ria'ty In nciiv tli'^iii, sliall II" tint llll'll tn ri'i'i'i.n livf tlnllars pn il.iy whih' alisiiit, whiili siiin shall lit' paiil liy thn niastfr nr mviiiT nf thti vi'sstil liy wliirli Iht' pilnt «:w taUt'ti away. Ski . '.'1. That, if any pilnl nH'irs hiiiist'lf l.i aii,\ xfs^il fiiiiiiriiij,' his Kt-rviit'.s as pilnl, nntsiilr nf a liiir ilrawii frnni till. \vi..,t enil of Waailila Mainl tti OliM'rvatniy rniiil mi llirt.ast siili. nf I'nrt San ,Iiiaii, Ilrilish Cnliiinliia, if inwartl linnnil lif shall havr Ihi- prtlt'nnri , if a pilnls mi \ i. rs air riiininil liy tlif vt'ssil wlinv liiniiitl tn sfii, nr a pilnt frtiiii Illll saiiiu pilnt-liiiat. Skc. -M. Tliat llm hull ami appiirtiiiani'i's nf .ill vrssils shall Im litlil liahlf fur (lilnt's tint's. Skc. v!I. That tin' pilnls shall at all tiini's hi'i p a hnal in ^;nllll tninlitinn rriiisiiis,' mi thn Strait nf FiU'a nr at sfa. Tlif niiiiilitT nf pilnls In 111. tin any mm Imal (n l.t- thirrmint'il liy tlif tiinimissinii.rs. See. '.'(l. Till' llnaitl nf I'llnl Cnmniissininrs slia!' fix Ihf ratts nf |iilnla;;i' In twi't'ii tin' npiii st'a ami tin- pnrtM on I'liKi't .Sniinil. lint siit'h latfs shall i.iit I'N il I'iL^hl tlnllars per fnnl iliaii.^ht tn vtssils wlin t.ii;;a},'i' pilnls milsiiln of Waaihla Islaml In pnrl nf tiitry nr titlnr pnrls mi rii^il ."^nninl. Tn st'sstls frnm Ilrilish C'lnmliii In purl nf t'lilry or iilliir piirts nil Piiut'l Smiii.l, mil In I'M 1 six tlnllars piT fnnl ilranuht. "n vi.km.Is JVnii I'nrI ThhiimihI In any nf lilt! iitirls nil I'lini't .Stiiiiitl, Illll. In t.Xft.fil ftiiir tlnllars prr fn.if tlranuhl : I'roriilxi, That Iinthiiic ill this art shall li« • iiiiHlriit'tl a» rt iinl atliially pirfiiniifil : lint iiroiiilnl fiirlhir, '\'\\at \'\\ ;l: m ' n 11 m •^U' Ihi f.so TACIKK' (OAST I'll.dT. «'\«;i'«. Iliil al' it I vm'IiIx I'liiir lioiirM nf i'r ila> torrv t\ ila\ mi ili la,M'il. KttnuU /ntm thi- htf Itttm of thi I'llnl f 'niitntiKHuimrn, Ski'. 1'.". I'llot lioatM, w liili- crnwiii);, iiiiiMt liavoa « liilo Mj;tial laiili rii (li>.pla>ril in a i'onM|ijiiioiis mai ,. . ilnni,- llio tiit;lit. anil llii- i iliir ol llii' lioal ili>pla\ril on tin' mainsail aM a ila,^ ni^iial. Ski 1:I. Niilli.r piiolM nor tlirir lio»l» mIliII lio prmiiliiii to Ii.im- llnir pirnliai kit\ m o, Hlnlli.iri i.nni ,i wi», null ■«•< to a»>iH| vi»j« 1m in ili»lrr«M, niorr llian ilnrlx nnli ■< noiili or soul li of TaiooMli liylil » il limii in ...i ,, , 111^ IHTinimnui ol' lliiH lioaril, anil any lioitl inlrin^in^ tins ' ' * SKf. I.'i. Tliat .all's of pilolui;!' xliall I"' as follow: Inuaiil luninil, m\ ilollarspir fool ilran!;lit from am pmiilini n lino ilraH n fioni Capo lli.ili , Iti ili>li (olnnilna, anil llaltiTV Itorki. \Va>liin^lo>i 'ri'irilor.\ ; lisr iloPaii I'l r..u| ilran;:lit from any point on a lini' ill an n from Waailil.i Ul.iiil to llio moil »ONlrrl\ point of San .loan llail'oi. |:nii«|| Coliimliia; lour llollar^« piT foot ilian)-1il fiom any pniiil ui nl if a lino iliavN n from I'm I Aiu^ili » li;;lil. \V.i~iHiii;tiiii Tirrilor\, lo Uai o Korku, |lriti»li ("olnmlna; llirro iloll iit pir fool ilrai ;;lil from I'cirl TownsiMnl loaii> poll .m, ]'\v,i\ Soniiil. or I nc n r«(i. Any frarlioii of a foot > i ili i. n lion aliovo nanl Inrnlv-fonr hmir". < liil » aril pilota^o lo lio liso i|ollar-< pi r loot ilran;;lil tioni I'm I I nnii'.i ml in Hn sra, anil nix ilollari pi r foot ilrnnnht from aii\ port on I'li^it Sonnil Iowa. Diilwaril hmiml vi'n.X'l.s ullom ,1 |,,in ciKlit hoMr>< il.lonlion willnnit rliari;o for ih lay. It is ri'|it)rt<'ii.s liavc •|iialilii-il iiiidcr tlic law w liicli ilnt'.s not allow lialf |>il(ita;;i' wlit'ii vi'.>s!sl'I.s ili rliiu' ,i |iilot. TIk> Nit'toria pilots at prcsnit *lo all tlu; |iili>tin;;. VANCDl VI'.U ISI.ANK AM) RI KKAKI) INI.KT. CiKil anil liimlirr ports. I'ilntiiijt: — I'ilotagt' i.s tomiinlsory. Tin' rate i.s four dollars per foot of diaiiolit, and h.iji latis art' t'oiiipnl.soi V if no pilot i.s finploNcd. Tiinnai/i. — In lS,Si;. ilic i'i|o,.t Sound tii;;s ado|ilcd a si'licdiili' of rates lor towin;: vr>M !> iioin son, and from Umv Koc'ks or I'ort Aunfl»'s I" tin' i:oal ani;;ia liy ViiinuMivt'i ic(i'i\etl Its |tivst'iil iiaiiii.' 1».\ (K'cicc of the liritisli (iiiM'iiiinciii in I.S."(S. FKASKK KIVKR. ill 171)2. It This is one of tlio 'fw jxn'ixt rivers on tlic noitliwcsl coast ol Aiiniica; "and in |toiiitof niaj,'- nit Hill' and prt'stMit coniincreial liniiiirtanic, it is scnnid oniv to tlu- ('ulnniliia." (Naiuiouvcr Island I'ilot.) 'I'lu^ nviT lias its ijs«> In llic KocUy Mountains, nearly live liiindnMl iniles IVoi-; its mouth, aiiil inns in a ^^I'lKMiil soutlu'ily direftimi. iicii\ inj; many Iriliiitarifs. It passes through valleys con- lined Ity ^iKantic iimnntaiiis; with lai;;c tracts nl country, rich in aj^ricnitmal resources, on either side ot' them, it liecomes a iiavi^raliic stream ei;;lity miles easterly from its month, at the town of lloiic; lil'ty miles almve Hope it rccei\cs the Thompsnn l.'iver. Steam lioats of li;;ht dran;;'iit reach Hope, und even Vale, which Is tit'teen miles farther np the river, for six or nine months of the year. With the inciting; of the snows, the stream hccomcs almost a ;:rcat torrent, with the current rnnnlii;; Irom four to seven luiots an hour to within lil'ty iiiiles of the lutuith, to which point at the town of Laii^lcv \esscls drawinj,' einhtcen teel ol' water may lie taken with steam power. Within twelve to lilteeii miles from the mouth in a direct line, the hills have decreased to three hundred and two hundred and lifty feet in hei'jlit; and thence to the ;;ulfshore tii(> land is low. When the main stream reaches tllt^ coast it opens liy several channels, Itut the deepest lies lictwi'eii I'dly I'liint on the south and (inrrti I'liint on the aorlh side of the luiMith. 'I'he ehuiinel is close under the latter iioiiit, where a depth of si\ty feet may he found. Thence it cuts its way in a south southwest diiectioii tliiou;;li live miles of tiie Stiii^con JJank, to theCiiilf of (iciiryia. At liie mouth on the i;ulf uaviuation has tlie ad\aiila;;e of an entrance not olistrin^ted liy a lireakiiiK' liar as would lie if it were cxjiosed to the ocean swell and winds. l'"or more (U'taiis aliont the river see the N'aiicoiiver Island I'ilot. At the enlrance to the, river 011 the main land, the iioith shore is known asdarry I'oiut. The shores and tlu^ land hack are low and covered with a ;;riiwth of alders, willows, and trees indi;j- ciious to the low, marshy soils. The channel under this point is nearly half a mile wide. The shore-line in.side is low and contiiinoiis, Imi the steep clay hanks aie tlooded at the lii;;h titles. Tlic southern side of the entiaiice is I'clly roiiit, toiiiicd liy several low isl.inds with narrow rlianiiels lietwecn them and a liroad lovvvvater miid licacli towards the channel nnderdarry I'oiut. When at the entrance a remarkalilc solilarv liiishv lice is seen on dairy Toint. It hears from the .Stud Head a liltle east of noi th iiorthcasi, and is just live miles distant. There is always a i|ii.iiitity of driftwiHid on this point. The Xnrtli Smiii lliiul is th«' norlh point of the hank at the entrance into the dulf of (!cor};ia. It is now marked hy the la^ihthonse. The South Sand Head is the southern point of the entrance into the ;;nlf and the channel way lietwecn the three fathom curves is ahonl one-third of a mile wide. A Lightship was hirmcily mooted oil this head, hut it has liceii removed. Inside of the oiitermosl pointsofthe.se two .sand heads there is a dcplii of waterof over twenty fathoms, .so that the chaiifje from deep water to shoal water is vciy sudden. The S(Hitli Sand Head dries hefon* lovv watei', and there is freipieiilly a rijiplc over it when it Is under water. The channel Ihrounh this hank |o(iari,\ I'tiiiit is well marked hy ten huoy.s. I'.nt the Van- couver Island I'ilot advi.ses " .s/rdiij/cc.v not In cutty irillitnit it /H7<'^ ami certainly not under any larcumstanees unless the liuoys are in their places lietwecn the entrance shoals; any further de- t.aled directitms would be iiractically u.seh'.ss; a pilot, the chart, or local knowledge is absolutely neccsBary." m \ > 1 ' I ' t 'i *-i«i!'H 1 1 I t f i:lii i.< .'!!i [i'(f!!: .'»HJ r.\nh'IC COAST I'll.oT. It sImiiiIiI Im' rfinnii.H'ri'il tliiil tlif tlili ciiiri'iit from (lu« iiv«'r M»>f.s to ili*> Hoiilluii.stw.n l ,,\ii Solicits liatik, ;tiitl tlit< IIimmI t'liiiciil tciiils to tlic iiortliwist want o\ t r llic Stiii;,'t'oii II.inK A VfSHil iliawiii;; liotii litt»'»'ii to hixtwii IW-t of WMter iiiii.v filter llu> iivt-r uitli salrtv ImH tiili'. VfusfLs a|i|iroa(liiiin tin- fiitraim' at Nortli Sainl llcatl from tlu- tlinclioii of I'miii l;.l„ii, av4>i(l UoU'rt.s LSaiik l>,v ki'i-piii^ tlif wcNttMiiiiiost part of tlu< ))oiiit brariiit; fast. M(inTIIt ol it the cliaiiiu'l caiin^ ll\i lathoiiis ol v\al«'i. Thf liiiihiiii;; t'oii.sists ot a licva.onal wootini tower |iaiiiteil white ami forty nine l'< ln^li from its base to the \aiie on the lantern. It i> Mipporteil aliove the water on an iron pile ii>iiii4,i tioii. 'Die illmninatiti^' app.iratiis is of the thirti onler ilioptiir, anil siiows from sniiset in mhhiv. n Juiit icliili Uijht throii;;lioMl tlie entile iinii/on. It waslirst e.xhiliileil .Ma,\ I, ISSl. fhi i,ii,,i plane IS liti.N two teei almve liie hi;.'li water level of the sea. L'liiler orilinary etimlitiuiiN ni il,i Weather it sholilil lie \ isihle fioMi a Ne.ssel's lieek at a ilislanee of twelve miles, ami islliiiilMr seen trom the south ami western coast, Irom the Aetive ami I'ortier I'a.sses, ami to the .siniilm.ihl of i'oiiit IJoherts. The li^iht therefore serves as a fjieiieral eoast lifjlit as well as the >;iiiil«* to the entrain ( i>i ih, channel between the Saml lleails. .\ I'liifhill is attaeheil to the Iii;.'ht house Imililin;;, anil is soiimleil iliiriii;; thick .iml I'l.:^^ weather iii;;lil ami •")' east. From this l,ij,'ht house we have t". 'ieariiit,'s ami ilistaiices to important olijeets: rmilt IvnlMrtc, WrHllTM INlri'llllt>. low S. T'J i'.. '.H lllllr> KiiKl I'uiiil, Satiiniu I^luMll I^ ''I i'- '-'" ii>il'> Ai uvr l':ii.M l.l>;lil-lii>iiM'. tMnr);iii:i I'miil. wmtli Milr cil'iiilrami" S '.'ci i; l.'i ijiili'.-- IVirlitr I'a>». iM'tWft'ii (i:iliiiiii>ainl VuliU'Z IhI.iihIn S. I'.i W IJJ iiiilr» (iul.ri.ila Kirls, lllark lli|..\ S"l \V 1,'iJ inili s Kiiliaim- I'laml l,i(;lillioiiw, .i|i|iio.iilu'» III Naiiaiiiiii N "T W. '.''Ji mili-- TliiH liiir |ia.H.si H l\Mi lliiril- iil'a niilf imilliiif (ialiriola UiiCm, at I''l iinli'.'- I'nint AltiiiiHoii l.ij^liiliiiiix, Iliirraiil Inlit N. ',*•,' \V l.'i inlli,-. I'liint (irrv , 1111 ilif saiiir I uuiM', at " imli - This river was iliscovered liy Kli/.a in 17'.H,anil c'onsiilereil a lamilication of the I JiHi'l.i >ii' Floriil.i Illaiiea or Mimanl .niet. It was passed In Vancouver in I7'.»L', Imt seen li\ (..ihni.. .cul Valdez Mion aftei wauls. .Mackenzie exaiiii 1 its hcaiUpiaiters in 17!».>. .\iiil in i^l.: .Mr. Fra.ser, an a^jeiit of the lliiil.sun Hay Company, traced it nearly down toils month; and ii'iin lii.> e.xploiation the present name ha.s IteiMi derived. 7V(/(.v. Fni.tn- liir,r Kntntm v.— Thi- time and height of every tide tliroii^'hoiit I In m ii in.iy Ik' olitained liom Ti.le Tables for the I'aeitic Coast, published ammally by the C. S. ( n,i,i mul Gt'oilotio Survey. BURRAKL) INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA. This extensive bay and line harbor has aci|Uiic«l a lai^'c im|iortaiice within the l,i>t •■ u ; two by the e.stabli.Nlimi lit of the western terminus of tli.' Canadian Pacilic; Kaihoad iipm, n.^ .-. iiili short's. It is the first !.'ri'at harlmr which breaks the eoiilineiital shores of liritisli C.ilmiil'i i nuiili of the forty ninth parallel. Tlieciitraiice is just three mdes wide between I'oint (Jrey on II • -niiin soiilliea.st and Toint Atkinson on the mirth northwest. KasI and west the leii^'tli is fmii n •li> i" the (iist narrows in tli.' norliiea.st an^le of the bay, whence there is a h>n^' inlet one to i^^" "'il'^ wide and riinniiig east southeast for twelve or lifleeu miles, lu the eastern i.ioloiitjaii.Mi "i ilii^ NlllltlK'il.stU.II I .i\,| r;;<'iiii li.inU •I- Willi salctv .! li.iii on 1)1' I'liiiii l...|.Mt. iSl. I tlU' nImUI' Ii.mI Iii'I'Ii hfi'ii iin|ii'>>\< I ii|u,ii t'I'I'I'Icil III! Ilif linili, cliaiiiit'l I'iiiiii > ii\( rmty iijiic |. • ! Iii^li I an irnii pili innn,!,, Iltll SllllSI't to ^llllIlM i.V I, ISSI. I |., |,i,,,l iry eoiiiliiinii^ i>i iIm ilfs, ami In tin n Imi tllll to tllf Mllli l|\t.ll till •in;: tliifk iini i"--\ 14' ,Vt ii.irtli :; I-.J, nlijrcts : '.<' llllll'K. ','11 liillo V.'l) miles. I.'^ Ilillin. I.'i^ mill N. '.'•.'i mili-> i.>5 iiiili'i. l.'i null ■< II lllll. Anil III . -IJ Ml IlKMiIJi ; ,iiji| l! I.i ll^ilMiiit till' ,\i 'I nil' the I'. S. Cn,.-! iiiil tliiii till' l.i>l 'I'T "I ;ii!i'ua.'tli IS ii>ii' ii;'!''-" '" llct (MM- t" ' " I'lll''^ II itioli)iiy.ili"w "I iIji' ,1111 t l'A('ll''l(; CdAST I'IKOT. iiili't is Toal llailiin. alinvf tin- lirst narrows anil iiiiilrr tin- soiitli sliori'; Mooil.vvilU- is on (In-, imiili slion- iK-lorc Macliiii^j llic scronil naiiows; anil I'oM Mooil> is at llii' licail ol tin- casti'm ,11111 of llu' inlt't. Till' iioilli .•'lion' ot'tlic iiilil has iU>i'|i watir close iiiiilei the northern shore line. Till- south anil lower slioie oil I'dinl u;;li leailiiin .sevenil iiiiles to the eastward, lint the luini <;/ I iiiiiliwi'st I'liiir null's Ironi I'oiti .Mkinson is liie sniitheasl poiiit ol' llowen Island, which lies at till' cnliance to Howe Sonnd. "Tliis is a vet. \ remarkalilc island, lis hi^h. roniiil, and almost hare ,siiiiiniit, Mount (iardner, reaches an elevation ol two Ihonsand lour hnndred and .sevent.v-nine I'eet, anil IS easily reeo;jni/'.ed rroiii evi-iv iiuint ol' view in the;iiill."' (Vancoiner Island I'ilot.) Ili'twceii Itoweii Island and I'nliil Atkinson, and directly in the niiihlleol' the entrance to liuwu Soiinil, IS the small lint |ii'oiiiinent islet called rassa;,'e Island. liiirrard Inlet is very easy ol access tor vessels of every class. Over the southeastern half ;;iioil anchora;,'e may lie had insiije of twenl.v falhomsof water. N'es.sels must not a|i|iroacli Point iHr\ nearer than three i|narters of a mile on aceoiint (d' Spanish I'lat. This hank is hard sand ...1 is iliy a Ion;' way out at low water. Its nnrlliern ei|i;e is steep to with a drop to seven and «i'iii\ laihoms. At hi;^li water the existenii' of this Hat wimld not he suspected, as tln'ie is no ii|ipli'iin it, unless Willi stroiij; wcsteri.s winds, and then only near low water. It serves to further |iiiitccl the aiicliora;;e olV \'ani'on\ci-, where there is capital anchura^'e in six and sevi'ii fathoms 111' water. iSpriii;; tides risr and fall as much as sixteen feet. Hudji ((// IIk Simiiiuli Haul,. — .Inst oil the outer eilj,'e of the Siianish I'aiik toward lioweii Ul.inil, an Iran Cnn huni/, siiniKninliil hji ii kIii,()' (IihI (((iif, the whole painted re/, has lieeu moored in ten latlioms of water at the soiitherii side of the entrance to liurrard Inlet. I''i(>m the hiioy the follow in;; liearin^ts and distances are niveii to prominent ohjeets : The ItluH' .It llie entrance to the Pirst Narrows inside Itiiriard Inlet, iioitheasi onei|uailer east (N I'l. \ E.), ilisl.ince lonrand li\esi\tiis miles ; I'oiiii .Mkinson l,i;;hl hiiu.se. iiorlh northwest (N.N \V.),distaiu;e tun and foiirlifths miles; Point (!icy. south southeast (.SSI'}.), distance one and a ipiarter luile^j. The fji'o^iraphieal position, as ;;iveii liy tlu' Department of .Marine at tUtawa, is: l.aliliiili' I'." 17 II niirlli. I.iiii;;llllil(' l'.';i I.V Us' west. It was lirst puhlished Filuiiary 7. |s,s.-<. When N'aiieouver was approaching' Point Atkinson he says: "On the northern side |i f P.iir- I. ml ('anal| the rn;r;;ed snowy liairier |of the Ca.seai, .i'anyi'|, whose liase w»' had now nearly ;i|ip!oaclied, riKSe ver\ aliiupll.N. and was only protected from the wash of the .sea by a very narrow liurdir of low land," Imt on lus cliait he places the ran;;e in its proper placej well hack from the slinrcs of this inlet. I.KillT llniSi; CN I'OINI' ArivlN.SDN. This li^flil has liceii estiililislicd for consi purposes ami to mark I he approaches and entrances I't P.urrard Inlet. The structures for this li-lil have hecn erieled on Point .Mkinson, which forms llie northweslerly entrance to P.iinaid Inlet and liiiulish P.ay. The linildin;^ is a siiuare tower 'landing; .seventy feel alioxe the water. It is fiiil.\ nine feet from the liasc lo the ceiilerof the li-lil, and is p;iinled while. There is a keeper's dwclliii;;, also painted while, attached to the IliWl'l. The ilIumiIlatin^' apparatus is cato;)tric and shows from the west liy .south ihreefourtlis .south .ilonj; the .south face of P.owen Island round hy the .south into P.iiirard Inlet. It was lirst t'xhiliited May 1, 1ST."», and from sun.set to sunrise It is a rirnlrlini irliih- liiilit .ihtnriini itt iiitcrralx c'/Oiic («(/(»/( and makiiiu a complete revolution in two minutes. | I'he "order" is not spccilied I 1 in the olVK^ial aniioiineeinent. T-"^ if", ii'l^ lm% 'is*'' mf ' .'»N 1 l\( II ic ( I' I'll.ui. Tlif local plane i.> il<\ alnl ihm' ImiMlird aiitl iiiiiilii'ii Iccl alioxt- iIh- li-vrl of Iii;;li v\ ii,i j iiiulri laxtiialilt' I'oiiilitioiiN i>i till aliii>>.>|>li( II' il hliitiilil \h- mmIiIv at a iliMtanrr nl Imiili i .t U'cii niih'M. Wlii'ii III!' Ij;;lit liiais iioitli liall' wr.st tin- Mrslriii nl),'f ol'llii' Shiini'tui Hank ih iiisi . li ,,|,.,| llifrcrnii' till' li;:lil >liiinltl nut lir iiKniylii in lii'ar til Mil- \M'.>twaiil nl lliat Itrami;; li\ \im|,„. tiu' (iiilt ol (irnruia. an tliiM ln-amiK «ill onj.v li-ail rli-ar ul Stuininn I'laiiU, nil ria.sii 1. ..i Till- p'i>);ia|ilMi :il jMisiliuii of (lii> Imlil is >;uni liy tlic I'. S. ('iia>l ami Jifmlitir Siiim \ |">|||"||' r.> r.' I- iiMiii, l."iitiiiiiii' \'j:\ ir, It „,.,! nr. Ill tiiiir •" 1.1'" II-,'- 7 In .laiiiiais, ISx'i, tlu- ina;:iH'tir vaijalnui va.s L'.'i lir i-a.^l, willi ai nnnnal iIiiiimsi nt i> ,, l''ioni rmiil AtkiiiMiii l.i^lit \M' lia\ v I rai'in;:s am! ili>tanri'> In llir tnllou iii;: iiiijmii'I.imi i.inni, I'lMlll (ill \ . -(PlllllHi hi plHIil |lll||:in| lull I f» 'A'J Iv I Hill. ~ Nmlli S.iiiil lii'iiil l.i;;lilli(>ii>.r. I'l.iwi liiMi S •.\'» r.. I.", null < Allivr I'ilNi. |.l;;lll iliiiiv . (ii'iil);ili:i ri.ihl S •.'! K •.'Tiiiiii.^ I'lirlur I'liKi., Ill l»i> h tiiili.iiM" mill \iililiv Ihiiiiicln S II W •."J^ imli- tialiruilii IJi . I. Ill.ii K lliii.> >*.;tlj W l-Jiiiii|.- Klitlulur NIaliil l.i);lit liiiiioi. :i|i|'liiiirliiK In Niiiiiilinn S I* W .1'.'^ iiiili ~ ('ii|ii' |{i>U«'l (lull-, hiiiilliwr»l jiiiiiil III |1,,«, II l>l.iiiil S i;T \V ; null- riiiiiaril liiii't was tJic liinit nl' l.ii/a'.s i'\|iliiiatiiiii in I'til. lie naini'il i( llir Caii.il ili >,i-.,, iiial. It \ta> naiiK'il nnitaiil Canal li,\ N'anriuiM'i in .liiiu-. IT'.*-, rninl .\tkinsiiii \\a> ii.iiiini i,. N'aiK-oiiM'i. I'lir till- tiilf.H of riiiiiaiil Inli'l I'oiisiilt 'I'lilc I'liMcs lot the I'anlic <'ii,i>i. |iiilili.|iin aiiMiiallv 1)\ tin- r. S. Ciiast iiinl (ifiMJi'lIc Hiiivi'v. ACTIVK I'ASS, UKITISH COLUMBIA Tliis rliaillK'l is o|ii> III' tliosi' iisi'il li\ \i-ssi-1s lioiitnl to ailil t'loin tlM> i|iiiMiall, instiMii nf tlir Canal ili' Ham. Kimn hisrnvt-rv Islam! ilii> riiin>i' i>i|ii:;i oprii ami iliiiTt tliiiiii;:li tin- Miiitlii'iii pait of llii' Caii.il ili' Main I'lir ri;:lilrtMi mill's, tin n iliimi.! till' Swaiisnii (liaiiiirl, ln'twri'ii .Miiifsli,\ ami I'mili'i Islamls ami rir\n>t ami Mavin- l.-l,iiiil\ iiim- iiiiirs; tiii.iilv llii'iiii;:li t III- rimiki'il ami liair mill- Willi- Ai'tixr I'ass, tliri'c ami a li ill lulNv iM-tWfcii Ma\m> Islaml amldaliaiin I.slaml. It'lmiiml to Fia.siT Um-r tin- ili.staiirr aiiii-- iln ili, : III' (iriti;:ia is I'lrvrii milrs. This j;i\ts a total uf fiilt\ niic ami a halt miles, as ,i;:aiii-l Imiv -i\ ami two tliii'il> miles \t\ the <'anal ile Ham. Tin- I'liiieiits inn llimii;4li the pass witii ;:ii.il vrim itv, ami .III- II le^'iilai. \«-t vessels ma\ sai'elv t:» tlimiinh w ilh the eiiiieiil ; lint in pasMim il.i..ii:i a;,'ailist llie eiiiieiit a \essel ma\ take a ilaii;;elons slmi Imm llliilereiuients or tmm iim '.|iiili . swills, 'riieie IS line \eiy sli.irp turn in the pass. For the approaelies to this pass, eoiisiilt the eliails ami the Vancouver Islaml I'lhit, TiiK Arnvi; pa.-^.s i.tiiirr iim sk. Tin- (lull' or(ieoi;:ia eiitninee to this )iass lias lieeii maikeil li> a laylil house on I In m.icIiiii .ii'.i\ hnmlreil feet hi^h within one iiiili . Tli !«iaml is eoM'ii'il with (iirest iiees. The liiiijillli;: IS a womlell sipiaie towel Jiaitlteil white, ami rislli;.' tnltv two liiteil on the H»lh of .liim-, 1^^'. !"■ shows from siiiiset to siinii.s.'. The local plane is liftv live leet almve the level of liiyh w.i.i. ;'' iimler favoralili- comlilioiisof the atmosiiliere slioiihl lie visilile at the ilistaiice of twelvi inn- The li;:lit .serves as a enast li-ht as well as lor the pass; it will therefore he .sfcii from tin nuilii entrance of th<» (.'anal ile llaio, the eastern lieail of I'oiiit Uoliert.s, Noilli Saiul Hcail l.i^ln '"'"x ami vvilliiii two miles of the I'lirtic-i I'ass. Tilt- ;,'eii;;iapliical position of tlie Li;;lit lioiuse is: ;^,,lil,ii|,, 4* r.2' 27" iKirlli. ^<.ll^illl,l.• t'^:f ^' •'•• went. Ms| ... ,r,.. ; lal iIi'i'I'imm' 1.1 11 ., Ill;: liii|iii|'laiii . .11 ;. 1 Ihllr. i;. mil. ■ VT* Mult > •."•J^ iimIi'.. I"» iiiili". .I'.'ll niili^ T, mill- It llll' Cail.ll ill :-,,., klllNDII \\,l,s II, Hill i| rilic Coa.Nl, |>llllll>ll('l| if 1 (illlr (it ( il'lil .'1,1 lliilii llltl till' I'lilll -. |> i{ii;;i II mill's, I lull I luiMi.l, t ami Ma\ in l>l,iniK, rt'i- ami a h ill iiii!i>. ^laiii'c ai'iii-> llll till I >, as ,i;;aiii-l lii|:\ •;\ |i.iss w it li ;;ii .il vrii.i lit ill pas.siii:: !lii..ii:li l.s or tiiiiii iiiii \|M'i ti'l slaml I'lliit iitiisf llll I III -i.mMii'H. aliovr I lie u ,ili.|. '.1,1 illiiii mil' iiiilr. Till' t.NtWii led riiilM llll' ((/ irliili liijiii llitiiii;;ii st ill till' .\ri;\r \'.i'> Il n| .llllir, I ^■'"'. .11"! «'l III lll;;ll " III. .mil llit'c til l«ihi- inili". .st'CII tVolll ll:i' ll'il'il 1)1 llt-atl la;;lii ii"ii'>'. !7 iiiirlli r 111 »r:lir li.\ ihc I'. S. ru.isi Sium'v in LnrLS, altliiiii;;li ii hail .li.iilillcMs iH'fii |>n'viniis|.v known to tli« llinlsii |;,i\ ('s liiMii lilt' Swaiisiiii ami 'I'liiirniiialir Cliaiimls. Tlif luilninit, /i'i(/ is liniiii'il lis iwn iimI> v nalclits almiit I un liiiiiilnd > :iitls apart mu'lli- I'iist l>.v riiNl .iml .sdiilliwt'st In ut'sl. 'I'lif Mr.-lri iiim»| mrk is n.iic m juu water, ami liiitli art) iiiaiKnl liv i>i'l|». 'riiiTi' is a |iassa;;i' iiisiilc tlir ia--ltiii siiiikcii inck. 'I'lii' vm'sIciii iiiii' liasxtTV ili('|i waltT mi tin- Mt'sli'lli siilf. It lit s Iwn lliinls nl il iMilf siiiilji li\ fast rimii tin' cxtlrliiitv of lli'lt'll I'Dint, wllii-ll ruilllS till- stnillit'in Inrks |ii>llil ul lln. wi's'iiii I'lili.iMi'i. Ill llll' Ai'llVi' I'ilss. Tin- Wfslfi'ii iiM'k iiiu'iiviTs aliiiiit mil' iiml .i li.ill Iri'i at Inw wah r s|ii in- lalt >, ;iiii| ilic liciinm Is |iliii't'tl iirar its wi'sti'iii t'xtrt'inil V. 'I'll.' Iifiit'on is maiir nf vmmhI mi an iii"i pili' runml.iliitii. Till tliit't' mm iiilfs t'xtt'ml miwanl trmn tlir mrk to t»o anil a hill' Ici'i alioxf Iii;;li wattT mark. Till' sniit'i'slinrtiiif is nlm'li'cii I'l'tt lii'^h, mikiii;; tlu' whiilr Iiimiiiii thiil.N Imii I'l'i'l lii;;li I'l'mii (ho lurk ami slio\vin;i ii clfiir l\vt'iit\ two I'ict ;iliii\ >■ hjuh w.iii'i. 'I'll till' |i,\ rainiiliil liami'wmk of ihi' liciii'mi iiit' lixt'il two ilisks niaiii' nl shils iil il^hl iiiiL;h's III I'iich niln r. haviii;; tin- ii|i|ii'iii'iini'i' iit il ilisiiint'f III niiiH'f ami lower lialls. The whole ol (he sn|ieisl riietiiie aliove water is wliitu- waslieil. riie ),'('ti;.n'a|ilii('al |M)sition of the lieaemi is: l.iltlllKll' I.iiiiyiliiili' I- .'.II .Ml liiillli t'j:'. --'I ','11 Hi'si. AlltVr, l'A.-iiiik~'.iiiii iitiiii i.i';iii-ii,'ers emiiriicin;;- snnkeii ineks and some w liicli cover at half tlood. The reef i.s one m . a half miles Ion;;, north and .south, and is altoiit onet'onrtli of a mile wide, lusiilc of it there is a deeii passage half a mile wide, Iml it isliould be avoided. \'i . 1 f 1 i i 1 1 ist; TACiriC ('(.AST ni,(»T. Tlic north end of tlu> ivcf is luaikfd li\ a hlmL Imnji, oiitsiiic nf wlmh llic linttiiiii di. very siuldciily to a very tiivat tlrptli. Tliis Imoy lies diic and a lialf miles cist noitlifasi i nearest of tlie IMat Top Islamls, From it we have the beariiij^s and distances to inipoitanl ohjeets: - .iw.iv illl III' Klitriinct' l>lailil Light Imusr, iiiipriMclni. in Naiiiiiiiii) . \. -7 \V. rniiil MkiMsiiii l.iylit liiiii-,c, llimaiil Iiilrl N. :;j i: Niiilli S:iti(t llc.lil I.i^til liiiiiv N. SI i: Mill I liaiiiirl 111" iiiirlli iiitiaiiii' to CaiKil ilr ll:.r<> S. T.! I'.. Ai'livc I'asN I.iglit-lioiiso s. li:> 1). NANAIMO HAKUOR. TJ miles, l-i iiiilrs. I."l| llllll'N. :t:ij iiiilrs V-.' Ill Urn. I nil III- h.-.l In Tills liay lies on tlie eastern main shore ol' Vaiieoiiver Island at the iiurthwesteni chiiniiels leadiii;i fidiii the Canal de Ilaro, parallel with the inain shoic; and il is i these ehaniiels or li_\ the route tliioiii^h the (lull' of (lem^ria and oiilside the islands. We liter more esjieeially to i' heeaii.se it is here that lai;,e supplies oT eoal Im ili |'„ ,. (oast are olilaiiied and used 1)\ all the \essels ol these waters. Lai t;e ipianlilies are als.. , |, n, At present it is the hesl eual on this pail (U' the coast. In leaching' the hailior riiMii the (liilf ol' (;eiii;;ia tin- approaciies are seven and a 1. : in ,. to the iioitlieast of the hay. The tnrniii;,' point is at the I'.ntianee Island I.i;.;hl lionsc. \ , i,. , hroad, open ha.s stretches to the .soiuhwesl and aioiind the northw est end ol dial inla Ul.iini in the east southeast. The hay itself is coniparat i\ cl.\ small, alllimi^li at hi;;li walei ilie i \irii«i\i' llats to the sontheasi ni\eil the appearance ol > lai'fje liay. rioteelion and Ncwiash. M.,; ,^, lyiii;^ a mile oil the main slnne, hirm the lia,\. in w'.'ch tlieie is liiniled anchoia;:c in iiu ihmv fathoms of water. The liottom is uneven : some sunken loeKs oceiir, and the anchoi.mi immi i1ii> riv«'rs Is so eontraeted that M's.sels must moor. There are h'.ioys to mark the a]>proaches. aiitl full details ar«^ given in the \ ainoiu, i M.i, ; rdot. Pilots are to III found here to lake vessels in. The distance t)f the hay from lliiliance Iaj;lit lioiis(< is live aiid»a hall miles, ami iln uiihi.l direction tsoiithwest. NANAIMO KNIKANCK I.SI.ANl) I.IUIIT III H SK— A IM'KdAClIlOS I O NANAIMii II AKIHU;, V A.Ni ol Vli; ISI.AMI, This li;;lit has been estahlislied to indicale the cut ranees of Nanaimo llai hoi ami i 'r|iartiiri' r»ay, and for the ;,'eneral purposes of iiav ij;al ion. Ills placed ii|ioii llic small, lou isl ii,l. «|iirii isthiilv feet lii;;li, Iviii;: a little mole than liaila mile north norllieas' from I'ciiv I'mnl. ilic imilli ernmost eviiemity of (lahriola Island. The strneliire- is a sipiaie vmhuIcii Iowc; paiiil' il «Ii : and lil'ly feet liij;li I'loiii the lias" to the vane cm the lantciii: lliere is a keeiiei'.s dueih; .■ hh - attached. The illnminatinK' apparatus is caloiitric, and the focal |daiie is sixty live feet ahove il^ I.hiIuI hijili \vat''r. It was first e\liihiled on the Sth of .liiiic, ISTC, ;ind shows fiom miiis. i tn -uiii;m i Juiiil iihilr li;ilit, which should he seen at a distaiici' of join lecii miles under I'avoi.ilijr .. vi ;•' - lit' the atmosphere. The p'o-iaphical position of the Li;,'iit house, as delermimd h.v ilie 1. S. Coasl ami ' 8111 V(y, is : l.illitii.lc I'' >'-' •'■ '""'I' l,..nKiliiil.' I'-' '- •'■' "'-I Ol.lMlillll' '"' '■' '■' ' From this I,i;,'ht house we have the hearings and distanees to the following; Impoii.ii. ini- I'oiiil AlKiiisi.ii l.igliMiiiiisr, llMiiaiil liilii '^ '" •' ■-'•-'. li'ill- Niirlli .S.iml lliail l.iylil liDiisi. h'lariir liivir ^ ~' '■ '-!,■> "• (ial.li.ila KiflM Itl.iiU Itii.iy f^- ~" ''•■ *« ""I' ' Nriilliw.si I'.iiiii i.r (i..l I i Maiiil •'*\\'- i ^^'- -»iiiii'- The usual spelliii),' of ihe name i.s Nanaimo, hut tiial hesl representing the I iidin "HH'l '" Nail \ 11' moll. I'-oi t lie tides at Nanaimo Haihor. suit Tide Taldes of the Pacilie Coast, imhlis!-! ■! .h allv hv Ihe I'. .S. Co:i,s| and Geodetic .Surv(\v. ^^^^^mm I III!' Ixilldlll (Iln;.. m I f.lSlllDrllliMNl I ,1 \v. •h mil (■>» I'i mil 'S. l.'il mil 'N :t:ti mil rs •J-i mil ff* liortliwcslci II 1 l.ij ,,1 III, v; ami ii is i.m. i m| ;., Ill- i>l;iliils. s n( colli lor I 111 i',|iii||. IlltilU'S iilc :il>.i 1 • ji- II, I' seven mill ;i I, ri imi,. '1 I.i;;llt ll(lll«e, \> 111 lin ,1 ml III ( li.ii ii,|,i IxI.iihi I,. Ill;:ll Wiilci I he I /i ii>> I ami Ne«r;i>lii l-l.,;: aiielldl.lj^e III I, I .1 ;,. ~ I liie aiii'iiiii.i;;, III 11 I . Ill tlie \ iiiiciiiiM I 1-1.1, lit' miles, ami lin ui'in!. Ill llAKimi;, \ AN' ' vi ID llai lull ainl I ii ; ,i: ' small, liiu I .l.i!,,i, uL. Ml I'ei I \ I'njiil, llii' Iml' !eli liiwec paihl' •! wh:- kei'liel'.s (Iweiiiiij im,- Ve I'eet al)ii\e 1 1., I.'iil lliim sllllsel til ^IIIIIIM' miel r.i\iiiali|i' I'liiiitltiii'i- '. S. ('nasi ain! i I' '.I I'J II. Ip.llh .; 1- III >M-i - I.. I . ; i« III;,' iiii|>iii i.iii .1. II !■ - I' ■-'•.' 'i r i;, •,•■' • 'i •- : i;. :( mii.- , \V. -Jt mil. iiliii;,' llie liiilin -•■liiiii < I' Coasl, |iiilp|i'-!-i'l .iiiiii' ^3 rACIKIC I'OA.SI I'll.dT. FAIUWAY «1IANNKI„ IIKI.I, IH'OY. A /}<•//■/* HOt/ lias been placed in the Isiiiwa.v Clianiicl hi Kepaitiire Hay ami Naiiaiino llarlior. It is tliivc miles Mtiitli west by wesl half west (SW. by \V. A \V.) tniiii Kiitiaiiee Island Li;;lit house, and tliice(|uarteis of a mile southeast by east half east (SIC. by K. .j, K.) iVoin the south enr water on the tail of the shoal stretchinj; IVom the soinherii poim of L:;;ht house Island into the Fairway Channel lieiween that Island and tiie iiorlh end of (ialiriola Island. It is four cables .southeast b\ east half east (SF,. by i;. .\ !■;.) from l,i^;litlioii.se Island. A tliird ildxx hltuk cdH liwitj has liecii placed olf the extreme east jioint of .le.s:;it( Island at tlii' norlh side of the eulranee to Departure I'.ay. It is moored in .seven ami a half falhoiiis of water one and a ipiarter cables eastward of the island. A tliini class nd cnn hiiny lia-t been mooretl in three and a half fathoms of water on the shoal iiiaUin^' out from tlu' north shore of Departure l!ay lowiirds the IJIack Islands, where the channel is very narrow. A /////■(/ class block can huinj has been moored in three and a half fathoms of water olV tlii' foul ;,'iiMiMd inaluiiK out from llorswell Hliilf at the northeast point of I)i|iarlure l>ay. The buoy lies one and two thirds cables from the shore. Inner Channel. — A third cUis.s liUicI; can Inimj \\:\n been nionred on the east side of the Clarke 1 locks, which lie on the W(st«'rn side ol the inner channel lielwceii the Clarke 1 locks and the West Kocks. >'o depth is {.;ivcn. This channel is the iieUK'st to the shore and leails into Dciiartiirc Bay from the north warlace them.") Sailinj,' vessels iia\ iy;aliiij; the western slioics of the Ciilf of (!eor;,'ia in eleai' weather have no troiitih if there is plenty of wini bill they must avoid j;ci liii;^ too «'hise to the shores, where llie ciiireiits rush jiast its precipitous <'lills villi ;,'rcal vilocily. In l.S.')><, while surveyin;; in this vicinity, the Coavi Siumv llii;; Fanntlcrnii with thirty v\^^\\i lalhoms of chain at her bows, dril'led in a calm daii;;eioii.-i\ close aloiij; the shore for .several miles ami \N ithiii eifihty yards of the rorl>\ elilfs berore the anchor liroii;;lil upon the bottom. In one or I w o insianees during; this drift the lead would indicate bottom in ten fathoiuo and the next cast would give a dei»th of Ibrty or tifly fathoiu.s. ADMIRALTY INLIiT, PyGET SOUND, AND HOOD'S CANAL. GKNKUAI. lJi;sCliIl'rioN. Uiuler specMai names the },'reat body ot water now known to the commercial world 'inder the {,'eneral desi;;natioii of '• ru^^el Stiniid" may lie dcsei i'led as a sci ies ol \ isl iiiteiior canals ;;i\ iiig iiiisurpaNsed facilities for iiavifiiation iii the \eiy licail of ,i pio.speinii-. seciinii of the eoimliy, and li.ixiii;; iiroail and free eomiuunicalioii w illi llie ocean, and wilii Hi ii isli Colnmbia iiml .Vlaskii ili:'on^h their similar ,syst«'ins ol inleiioi channels, " l'u;i;el Sound," in the broad aeccplalion of the term, lies between latitudes IT' (»,{' and 4S0 II'; ami between loii^ritudes lliU^^ ID' and I'-'.T Ht', Admiraliy Inlet, Mood's Canal, and I'li^t'l Sound, have an a;;mc.uale siiore line of not less llaii nine hundred and eif,dit statute miles, and Possession Sound iwo hundreil miles, yet the iiiimlierof dau^ters known to e.xist in them is ieiiiaikabl> few. »)ne of the inlets or arms »d" I'ujjet Sound reaches uilhiii two miles of the head of Hood's Canal, and betwi'cn these heads lies a lar;;c Like. The sonlhein walers ol lliis .sound are also vMthiii sixty -live miles, in a direct line, of the Colninbiii liivei. al ihemonlhol theCowlil/,, which is liftytwo miles from Cape Disap|iointmeiil, and v.ilhiii live iiiiics of the headwaters of the Chehalis River, which runs into (iray's I5ay. Itetween these waters ami the ocean to the westward lie the >;reat masses of the ()lym|ius KaiiKc, whieli has its southern tiank in (he latitudeof 17 ^ Id'. Toll astward of theSonml is the lolliii},', wooded country lyinj; under the western Hank of the Ca.scade l{ant,'e. Jnsi inside the :. ;^(: fiSS I'Aciric roAsr rii.or. V. u ( 1 i ■ fiLsl.Tii sIkuvs art' tin- cxtcnsivt' ilcposifs of n.al. The wlinl,. ic-ioii to lli.. lll(.llllt,lill^ m, .iiW si.l.' is n.vnv.l with a .Iviisc j.'l<.\vtli ,.r Ilir ••< >tv;,'..ii piiir," wliicli is cul ilili. Imnl.cr ami ,|,||„,',.,] to all parts of tin- world in inarvcloiis t|iiaiiiiiics. ' Tli(> coniiffiioii of tlif wati'is oC tiiis soiiml with llic oc.mh is dircrlly tliroii;,'li ili,. Km., Strait, fi;;litv milts in h'ii;;tli (Voiii the ••ntraticc to Ailiniralt.v Irilcl, r.iit tlifsc waters liavc a still wiilcr ami inur- iiiips Milijecl to fo;,'s than theo<-eail eoasl. I!\('i\ siin.iie mile ol tlir lands lioiileiiii;,' thesi- stiails is coxcred with loresi ini^ uihivvir the shores are not loo piccipitoii>; and il is hi;,'hl\ prolialde that there is untold imin i.il uiiiih thioii;,diont the re^;ioiis traxersed. AIlMIIiAI.IV INM'.T. This jin-.it strait eomineiiees at the soiithea-teiii i \treinitv of the Strait of I'm i lutwnii rt»iiit I'artrid-e and I'oint \\'il>on. hoih alicad\ discidicd. l''roiii the entrance ii iiniNin.i {lelieral southeast by east diicction for twililN two miles to lictween Ska^'it Head ainl I'liini N,, Point, and then in a ^.'ciieral sonthern diieriion lor tliiiiv si\ miles, to the .south end n| \ .\^\m, Island. l"or this whole leti;rth it hasan axcra^re lireadthof three and a half miles; ami iiiiiiiiiniis hroad liianclie> liom it on lioili sides loini other .^traits, channels, hays, and hailiois. .\t sixteen miles from the eiitraiu'c to the inlet a ^reat arm, called Hood's Canal. i>pi n- iii.iii the western side, and runs .•>j\ty miles south \>\ west, with an avera^re width oldiw .iimI .iLiii miles. rweiilyfive miles tVoin the entiMiice ol ihe inlet another arm opens on the c.isii in mi|i, runs iiortli and nm iliui>i lichind Whidliev l-laml. loimiii;: I'osscssion Sound, I'oi Is ( Lndmi .iim •Siisaii. etc.. and Ic.ids on lo the Strait of I'lici throiiuh 1 ticiptjon I'asn. at the imi ih cihI ni Whidhe.N Mand. At the south end of \"ashoii Island the rii,.et Sound of \aneon\ er coiiimeiicc.-> ; th.' ( li.iiiiiils are decreased in »iuth to one or two miles, Init ihcv raiiiil\ li\ ei;:ht piiiicip.il arms tliiMii;;li :iii area of twent> t«o milis sipiarc. The extnine noiihwestern arm named ("asi-'s Inlci ic,irlii,< within \\\n miles of the head of Hood's t'.inal. .lllil liclwceti them lies compai at i\ cl\ lou \:\'>w,;i', and a lai;re lake. The shores are ^eiiei.illy sti'cp clilfs. ran;_'lii;; from litt\ loli\e hiindreil feet in In i^lit. wiili their faces l,c>pl liii^ht li.\ the j^i.idiial wiMiiii;; action of t he w. iter, and their lops co\ i le.) uiii. trees and I hick lllidei;:io\\ I h to their \ei \ ed;;es. i'liel e is .so III lie It s.iineness in I lii' .slim rs lli.il it I'eipiiies some acipiaintaiice \mi1i ihe dilVctciil points to reco;:ni/.c llieiii liy llieii tiilliii;: pec'ili.iri ties. 'I'he depth oi \Nalci in the channels is reiii.ii k.ilil> UK il : it re, idles one hiindrci! .i :i| iotU nine fathoms, and pcih.ips a\ei.i;:es one hiimlied: ami il .s soiiicliiiics dillicnll to find .n ■ iii>ri::i' 8iil1icieiill\ far from tin' shore to alfoid km mi for jieltin^ under nay \utli a laij^e sail ii;; v ■ •■ !. .M.ins superior hailiois are found in e\ cry diici'iion, ami besides the usual selllciiii i i^ ii i new coiiiitis. thiixiiiL,' towns h.ive spriinu up willi the development of coal mines, shiji iniiMm:. and the eiioi moiis liimbei iiitei isis. 'I'lic tr.iiiseoiiliiienl.il lailioad h.is lis li'iiiiiiiiis at I n " with ''leiisions to .Seattle and «>l\mpM.aad piospective extension lo I'oll Towii.seiid, llii iii poilance of these dc\ elopmeiit s and thi' el rel.illoiis with the waters of Ihe t 'ollllii'lil KlVil, l \ .i>li.iii all' null's; aiiil iiiiiiii'ii'iis Mid iiarliDis. Idod's Canal. o|m :>- ii|..>:i widlii i>\ iiiir ami .1 L >' |icns on till' I'.islriii Mill', iiliid. I'olls (ialiliin.iMil 1S>;. at till' lliil ill rllil III oiniui'iii'i's; tlh' I ii,i;i!h'!> iiii'i|>al alius tliiiiii;;li :iii led Case's liili'l nii'li" oiiiparal i\ i'l> U'w ■^inui.t. [red fi'ct ill lii'i;.lil, \\v'.. . Illcir tO|l.s ro\ .{111 «;■ iK'ss in till' .-lioii--. ili.ii ■' i\ llit'ir ti illlii:: |iri'iili,ir < onr liniidii'il ,iuii lull illiriili to liiid ,imliiir,i:i a l.ll';,'!' sail ii;; \ i -^il. (• IISII.ll Ml lllll|l'lll> I'l I •oal mint's, -.liii. IhuMih. ils tCllllilllls .11 I II "' 'ol t Tow iisiinl I III s of till- ( 'cilllln' I I I.' > ■ I he iiiaiiili s!, ii il i'l* snow cox I'li'd I liii.i ■ ire \cl\> i'oM.-|iiciiiiil'*.illi'i of .Moiiiil llaki I.' Ill I" i\»' till' p'lii'ial .ii'illii"' i'acii'h; roA.sT I'lt.or. S89 I of flio riis»?iul(> Moiiiitain.s, art' impressive IValiircs. Tlii' foniici' monnfain, occa.sioniilly in ri.sililo .ictivil.v, is ten llioiisaiid seven linndred ami ninel.v feet lii,:,'li, and the lath r niDiintain is fourteen lliniisaml four linndred and foitv four feet. .\diiiiralt.v Inlfl >\as di.seovered by (^hiiinper in 17!l(» from liis aticlioriiKi' in Tort DiHcoverv, and ealled tlic Canal de Caamano. It was ilioroii^dii.v exjiloied li.v N'aiicouver in l7!tL'. In I.SIl il «as evamini'd l>,v tlie Cnited Slates i;.\[doiin^,' Kxpeilition in ;,'ieafer detail. The lirst work of ilie r. S. Const. Survey wa.s in 1,S."»L'. AnMUiAI/l'V ni'.AD. A ve.s.sel fjin'ntr iido llio sonnd from the Strait of Knca. when olV New Dmi^oiic.s.s Lijjhtiioii.so, ■;ees ahead Hie lii;^li, liii;,dit clilVs lielween I'oii Uiseo\eiy and Port Towiiseiid, and Hie Inoad side III' WliidlifV Island lie_\oiid. There is lillle or no si;;n of a passaj;e in that diieetion, lint wht'll shr isei;;hl or tell miles 4'astwaid of New l»nn;;i'iiess the eiitraiKie to ,\diiiiralty Inlet opens; tlio iii;;li jioiiil to the north ward, crested with trees, is l'artvidj;e Point, the low point with a cluster of white hiiildiiifz.s to the south is Point Wilson; and diieetly ahead is a fompaiatively low, treele.s.s lieailland stamiiii;^ out fairly well to the west ward, with lowland and water directly lichind it, hut the hi;;her w led lands beyond. This headland is .\dniiralty Head; it lies live and a half miles east-southeast from Point Parlridfre and just inside the entrance to the inlet or sound on the eastern shore; and it is directly opposite the entrance to Port 'I'ownseiid. it i- a nearly \eitical, rocNy clilV. ei;;hty feet lii;.di, staiidin.ij well out at the extremity of the Inoadly trianuirai point. The . .ea of the summit is limited, and marked by the cluster ot white I,i;;hl house buildings; it falls away to the nortlito low marshy j'ronnil ami a lar;:e laj;oon. Towards the west noil h west the shore, alternately cli'tls mid low, riiiiK nearly strai^cht lor live and a half miles to Point Parlrid^^e. Inside <>f jt the low Itebbly beach at ils base sweeps to the northeast for two miles, j;radiially cnrvinj; eastward and finally .southeast to form AdmirnUtj lloij. Pehind this lieacli for two nrles from the head is a jarj^o la^riMiii more than half a mile wiile; behind that the land rises and is wooded. Admiralty Hay is fiiniiid by a >;real sweep of the shoreline tbrmiii;; a st mi ciicle. with a diameter of more than three miles. It is only used occasiiiiially for ancliora};e Just to the east northeast of the Liglit- lioiise, where the bottom is hard and sandy in irrcjiiilar ridj;es. and with depths of (iftcen t(i tweiitylive lathonis of water. Il is an nncomfortable ancliora^,'e. for it is open (otlie full sweep of the .southea.sters; ami at all times the current is running; out. This current is so stroiij; that even in the Numiiier winds a vessel rides to it. With the wind from the southward she lies in tlio troiifih of the sea. Sailing' vessels do not approach this head or Atlmiralty P.ay, liecaiise in ealm weather they eiieouidt r the stront; and irregular eurreut.s near il, or they may be t'lnbayed umh'r the. ea.steru shore THE LIOnTIIorSK ON ADMIKAI.TY HEAD. Tills i.s a seeondiiry seaeoast li;;hf. The structure consists of a keeper's d\V(>lliit<;, with a low M()uare wooden tower rising: tliroiifih the roof at the south eml; Hie tower and dwcllin;^ aro painted white, and the iron lantern siirmoiintin;,' the tower is painted black. The height of tho tower from the base to the focal plane is forty one feet» The illuminating' apparatus is of the loiirlli order of the system of I'lcsncl, and shows a fixed irliitrlit/ht. It was lirst exhibited ■lannai.v 'J(», l.S(il,aiid shows riomsiinsei tosiinrise. The eleva- tion ol tlit' focal plane above the mean le\cl of the sea is one linndred and ei;;'lil I'eet, and under il favorable tstate of the atmosphere it should be seen I'idiii a height of — III liTl III ;i ilisl.iiiii' 111' l.'i.ii iiiili'n. •Jii I'lTl .11 .1 illshiiiii' lit IT.l mills. The geo;;raphieal position of the Ia{,dit house, as dcti'iiiiincd by the IT. S. Coast Survey, is: Ulilll.l.' I- II'."' I'.l Ml liullll. l,iiliKitii.l« 1'"" ■<"' ■■' ■" ">'-'■ Or.lntinii' '■" H'"' l-i^^l- III .laniiary, 1.*<,S.">. the niaj^nelic variation was L''J ' ."..">' east, and the present yi'.irl,\ decrease is W.Ci. The maximum variation was i cached about ten xears since. This litjht illuminates an arc ol two hundred and sevciity ile;,M'ees ol the h on/on, a lid J. '( 1 B iinands Admiralty Inlet and the approaches, and looks directly np the sound and into iloud's L ' F i 1 1 I i, ridtn tliis Li};lif liimso we liavi' tlic biariii^s ami tlistaiiccs to iiniKHlaitl olijccls: rarliiil^i' I!. ink Itlai U llimy N. Td W. -'iiiilr- I'liMil l'ailiiil>;i' Kill liimy N. Ci- \V. r.j niili- Niw l)|lM;;rlii'xs l.i^lll liiillsi- S. 7J W. Ii'm mil, , roiiil Wilsiiii LiL^litliiiiisi' s. ;,7 \v. ;'Jini|i. Knl SiaKi' l,i;;til nil riiiiil Maiiii«sloni> S II W. :;iiiiil,v l'iiiil«i allii r lilicll lllai k lliiii.v S. :ti; i;. I','(iiiil. , I'liiiii Nil I' liiii l.i'^hi liiiiiso S. ir. K. l."i( jiiil, . And tins I iiiM ^.' I'MH^r^ iiviT llii>li I'll ill I at x iiii!i . A(lni;ratt\ Head is laid down with liltlo iiroiiiiiH'Mcc on N'aiiconvci's cliait. Ii m> ii;iiiu,j Iki'd I'diilV li.\ tlii> I'nitrd Stall's l'',N|iloriiit tlu' apiH'liation. It is now Uiiown to navi^jators in ilicsi' wains as Atliniiallv Ilrail. I'.rlwtcn Adniiraltv Head and I'oiiit I'arti iduc tlicrc is a slij:lit irrcdin;: o| tin- vjhmc t.nlie liortliwai'd, and a< two and two lliiids miles from tin' l,i;:lit lionsc llicrc is a Incakiii^ ilnwn ni ili? clilV to a low sa^' in ilif land, wliicli is (Vet' from woods lor a mile. This is known ;is / „)/■> l.iid iiKj. and a Imat can land on tin* licacli in is ran ainlnir nil ii,e laniliii!; I'li trn to liliccn railioms of water om> third of a mile from tin' shore; lint ilic luiiiiui, tlrops oil Middeiily to thirt,v and forty fathoms in a Iitlleovcr half a mile. rOKT TdWNSKNI). This eapaeiitiis and lieaiUifiil liarlmr is very favor.ihly sitnatod at tlio sniithcasti in tniiinj tioii ol' the Sliail of I'imm, at the outlet of the waters of Admiralty Inlet, l'ii;;rl .'^niiini. ii,, and in proximily to the <.'.reat lali>rinth of inland waters thenee tliioui;h Itiitish ( eluiiilu.i 'miit' latitude of lift> nine di';;ree> in Ahoka. It lies well |iroteeteil iii>t Inside the entrance to Adii !rally Inlet, now aliiioNt iiiinii.;ii;) known as " l'ii;irl Sound;" the iioints »)f the I'litranee to the staind, Point l'arliiil;;r ami I' ■ Wilson, lia\e alieaily Iweii descnltetl. See |ia;;es ■'i.'tl!, ■'j.'iS. The jioiiit on the opiiosite side ol' the inlet and directly faeiiiK into Port Tuun-i ml \< M mirally Head lieaiiii;; north litty seven «lei,'rees east (N. .'"iT ' 1^.), distant three iinl ;i 'ImhI ii,.V> from Toiiit WiUon. From Marrowstone I'oint it hears noitli foiii teen dejiiecs \wsi S li v distant three miles. The latter point is descrilied on pajje .">!•;{. The cntianee to the harbor itself lies lietweeii Point Wilson* and MarrowslniH I'miit,* In' latter heal ill},' south seventy de};rees east (S. TIP K.), distant three and live ei>;!itlis i:r li > irniiilrf former. Ins de of the line lietweeii Point Wilson and Marrowstiiiie Point the width ui Ilir i'r: is contracted liy Point Hudson, which lies south thirty decrees east (S. .'.O^ K.) one ami iimii:1.L« miles from Point Wilson, ami south civilly seven decrees west (S. ST'^ W.) two ami Inn -Ml;.* mih'sliom tin' eastern extremity of M.iriowstone IVniit. Prom the entrance line ilir ihul riiiMul diieetioiioi the port is neailv south >oiilliwi'st for three miles, with an avera;;e wnltii •! luini.iis, to abreast the most westerly imb ntation. and then soiilheasl half .south forthiee ami i l.aH Hii'S with anavcraue width of one and a (piarter miles. The shores of the port aic moderately liit;h brifiht «'lins with some break. Inwn- Tin -li- mits are covered with finest trees, except near the town. Point flinlsnn^ is a broail.Iow yravel spit, stivK'liin^' out a <|narterof a mile limii ;t li.-jln H' of till- town of Port Towiisend. Part of the town is built on this low poini. ami !■.■ iiM"ni house is situated but a shmt distance from III.' wharves. .\ lar^e sawmill is on tin- ■ Mnr ; ' the point: extensive wharves project from the Iront i.flhe town into deep water, ami lain! - - readilv and safely m.id.'. A .|naiterof a mile olV these wharv.s there is a deep , liaiu.. 1 rari> u ten to sixteen fat lionis of wal«r, thron;;h \shich the eiirreiils ran with (•onsideialil-' ■'InDi' " the mirth side of the point the three fathom lim- cMciids oiil over half a mile Im lu. ■ Ji: mile to the nortli\vest. . Within reeeiil years a shoal has made out two hnndred and fifty to three hiimln .aiils I'l:.' o\' Point llmlson. •.Va.iMMl l,> Vaiininvrril. \-^i. On .. in- iil, linn iif lln- iiiajiM „l llir I'.iit.'.l Stairs llNlilmni;: Iai n H" I""' |Miint i< lalli-.l piiiifl i'arriill : ami i>ii aimlln r, I'mnl K'niu^nM tNaini-il lij till' liiil.il Stali'H i;\|il">riiiK K\r. ililimi, l-ll. 'J J *,!.• ioimy is liiiMi'ii In [>|i,, iint (il ijccls: \v. -t mil '•• w. r.i „Hi w. \i\'i mil ■^. w. :U mil s. \v. ■■■■i mil ■H i:. iJi mil "*. i;. l.'.f mil " mil ^ ■'S Clllirt. l! «.,N ,|;|,,,„ s now IK) iiiim 1,1 ^11^ ,,.,. niltv Misiil. ■rdili;: i>\ I III' nIioiv \., i,, .s a lircakii.u' ilnwn i,| ;;, is known as / ;,(i/\ /„„, iitiicis can aiii'hcii nj)' ■;, If sliorc ; liiil tlir JMiiiiii; r. flip sonfli(' ix'cra;,'!' w iillli hI iHiiiniii'S I I'oi'tliii'c ami .1 liaH'iiiK'S, nc lircakilii^^ n-. Tlif miih- (' a niilc tVom •iii'lut'lirltf* iw poinl. ami tlif rii>ii'iii mill is on tin- 1 \ih'iiiii> "l icp waliT. I'll laiMliii:: '* is a (lci'|i ill ii.!iil riirivn; ronsiilcialil'' i-liirlt> "lI 'a mile till' li\' ■ luliil""" flircc Inimlf i \,iiils i;'iri!i l!\|iliiiiii;: l'.\| , iIi.-Ij'I" I'ACiriC (OAST I'll.oT. I'OIX'I' III ItSON I.KillT. r,[)i A li.tril ml liiilit, It'iis lantern, lias lieen siis|ieii(leak ('o\e at the southward. On the northwest shore of Port Townseiid there are two lines of low beach, each three- foil it lis toonr half a iiiile in extent, with a hi;;h. steep, bri;;lit clitf lietween them. The aliandoned military ]iost on the e ill, t «o and a iialf miles siiiith-soiithwest from the town, commands one of the most beautiful views in all these walers — havini; the clilfs anil varied shores of till! bay on cither hand; Admiralty Head, six miles distant ; in the middle distance, several iiiodcrately lii;;Ii wooded rid;;cs ; and. in the backj;ronnd, the snow coveicd doiil)le snimnit of .Miiiint liaker, ten tiionsand seven hinnlred and ninety feet hi;,'h. The miMith of the crater is dis- tinctly visible on the side to thi> suuih >,.mi1i„,.,1 paralh'l witli the citv front, and anclior an.vwht'n" otV the wlnirvcs in ten to twelve lailioms. in,,! , fourth of a mile di>tant. In winter anchor farther out to elear I'oint Hudson in ^'itim,' ii:i,|,.i way witli a southeaster. When a sailing; vessel is j'omin}; down the sound hound into this port, with the ciiiiint ,|,i, she sliould pass .Marrowstoiu' I'oint nearly tlnee quarters of a mile l)efore headin;,' in lor lliii the s(Uind by the next tlood. In summer sailiii;: ve. sels not emplovinj: tnjjs will frequently drift about the eiiir;iiir, im ihiu witluMit a breath of wind, and in very stron-,' currents. In winter the .southeast slorins \,\„\\ vm, Kreat violence in this hifih ]alitude,anil a vessel must move to an anehora;;e under llie cs upon and even ont.side of the linejoininji I'oint WiKson ami M,nio« stone Point. Within the ten-fath(un curve it stn-tches halfway from the ba.^e on .M.u i .,«>!,, :„. Island towards I'oint Wilson, and the least water found upon it is tive and three I'ouriliN (.iiliiuhs, The bottom is clear, hard sand, and was formeily a lishiny: fjround of tln^ Indians. Nmlli nf ihjs bank the depih drops to forty fathoms in a <|inirter mile, and the currents are slroti;,'. Tin miii. (•liannel depth liet ■> een Marrowstone I'oint and .\diniralty Heat! is si.xtyonc fathoms. mimI In iwiiii Point Wil.-on and .\dmiialty Ileatl fortytoui fathoms. Itetwcen tlii> bank and the shore of Point Wilson and Point Hudson the chaiinel li;is ,i ili pili of twenty seven to lirteen fathoms of water o\er hard, sandy holttun ; tlieiu'c thioii;;li iIim miililli of the bay the depth ranjjes from ten to sixteen fathoms, ami deep water is carried < In-i' in lin' shores, except under thi' spit of Kilisul Harbor. The ;;c()^'raphical position of the station of the U. S. Coant and (leod»'tic Sum .\, cm ilir extremity of Point Ilud.son, is: l,:ititllili> 4S' (17' eti"./ linrlli. l.iMij;itH(li' Iv.".' 41' '.'.>'.- wisi. Or, ill tiiiif ^'' 111'" .'iT'.?. From this it will be seen that Point Hudson is oidy I'" l.V west of Lafayette Park .l^llllll.l|ll leaf station in San l''iancisco. In .Januarv, IS.s."), the nia};netie vaiiation of Point Ilnd.son was 21!° 35', with a yeail\ iIimumm ofO'.ti. J he nuiximnm eiUit«>rly variation hail lieen reached about ten years since, ami iIh' v. in i tion is iu)w de<'rea.sing. TIIK TIIIKH AT I'OINT III'IISON. The Corrected Kstablisiiinent, or mean interval 'l."". The mean ditVeience between llie cmrecii il r.-Ml' lishment.sof the a. in. and p. m. tiihs of the same day is L"' L"J"' for lii;,'h water, and u'' .r. lui l(.« water. When the iimoirs tleclinalion is (greatest thesedilVereiices ate I'' .TS'" ami (»'' 'JT'". iv-|mm|imIj. and when tlu- moon's ,iilni;;lil of tln's« two tides is one and one tenth feet for the lii;:h waters and four and six tenths h . i imilii' low waters. When the inoonV declination is the greatest they are six tenths of a foot anil -'vn '"l three tenths feel, and \slien the iuimui's declination is zero, ii i^w. est and south, by about P' .TO'" and IS'' .Tl'", the height of the two being about equal. U h' ii iln moon's declination is zero, and passing from north to south, they follow the iiumhi's i msii l'\ about V' !>'" and I.V' ."..V", and the lirst ri.ses about one and four tei :hs feel higher than ti" -■I'l'""'! When the moon's declination is zero, and passing from south to noith, the.s follow il,rMiH.iii> tmiisit by about l.'i'' L'tt and ](!'■ .!,V". ami the si ml rises higher than the lirst by the s, i|ii;in « sliorc ill In, 111 liv,, |„ iosc, Willi till Miiiiii,,,. iriccn riitlioiiiv; ;i ijiii,, i IIh' sdiiili M.iii)i„|.<, wclvc lailiiiii,,. ,,ii,i ,, Isoll ill 1,'ftliii,' 1,., with till' i-illii Ml , !/. iuliiif,' ill for tliiiii«|.. r the lii;;li vliui,. vvi si 111 (|llitt' cliiNi. Id: II, h allU lis MIOII ,|s I'lMrtl flic <'llll;ill(i- |iili|;iu I'ii.'sl sliiriMs liliiw vii iiiHlcr tlit> ('IiI)n III III,. ttoiii. 1 Wilsnii aiiil M,ui,i« has)' on M.ii i,i\\>i,,ii,. lirt-c I'oiirilis r.u liiiihs, (liaiis. Niiitli 1,1' liijs ire strong, ili, iimi. fatliiiiii.s, ami l,iHvi.,.!i (> t'liaillirl JMs ;i iii'|ilii •«' llirolli;ll I III' llllililli i carried cln-i' ii, ih,. Mlctji; Sill \r\, nil llir ' (Hi" .7 niirlli. ' ii.'l".H HiSl. "■ r.T'.T. IVcttc I'aik ;l>l|iilhi|li villi a yearly iIitiimm' ■( since, ami ilir v. mi iiKKiii's traiiMi .iiiil 1 ■ I tlircciciiili I'l: . "I feci. 'I'lic III! .Ill il i: ' I'll the CDirccIi li r>i.i IT, ami (!'' .■>■' I'l'i I""' III (I'' '-'T'". rc-|ii-rlivi-l>. an (lilVrrciii , .n ln'i;.'lil six Iciillis ii ■ I liirllii' d" a foot aiiil -'Mil -nil Ills feet ami "!"■ :i " Wit lii;;li \\ai''i> I'f " Iti'" ; aiiii M Inn ^;iv, )lll c(|iiiil. Wliiiillu tlic Iliiinll'.S Irilisil 1'} L,'licr than Ii" .m'i'hii'I hcs t'ollovv III III '- rst itv I he .-.; ■ i|il;lli' '•k {■■'! To««ril.s ,; , H,.al... timl^mm mm^Mkvw f n Wf^KBpi^ Somerset Kiiiik<'. I'fiiiit ItutiilU. Viiiiiouver iHlaml. W. by N.J N, 21 miles. MarrowatoDe IViiut, - iuiImi. J'dini Wilson MkIu lioiise, K. by S. | .-^ . ■» mili ''*■ I ■'* ■ ■• niilt'H. ij6 ' L ' i i WB a-.i!^ ■,•,-«■•• i :,t| i MarruWHlorie I'mnt, ^' 'P Wv*'-'^^ •i.il*^?' .M; ^ liiileN. Itiixli I'liinl. 1} tiiili b,,*A|Ji. I. U 'IH I'Aciric COAST rii.oT, /)!»;; iilw Wlii'ii llif intMiii'sdicliiuiticiii is (,'rcati'st, iniilli or sniitli, the two low waters Tillow tlio inoim's iraiisil liv altoiit tf' II'" and -'-"' 7'"; lint wIhmi north, \\w second falls lower tliaii llie first liy aliout ■.i\en anil lliree lenllis feel, ami when sonlh the llist falls hiwer liy that i|nantitv. When thii 'iMMih's deelinatioii is zero, the two low waters fall nearly e(|nallv. The ;;ieatesl ditlerence oh- . i\ed hetweeii the heluhts ol'Ihe t'\o low waters of a da.v was ei;;hl and six-tenths feet, ami {\n\ ^lealest dilVeiem'f lietween the hi;,'iM'r hi;,'h and the lower low water of a day was ten ami one- ' Mill feel. I'or the linu' and liei;.dit of every tide tliion;;honl the year, eonsnlt the annnal |iiildieation of le I'acilie <'iiast 'i'lde 'I'aldes ol the U. S. ( 'oast and (ieodclie Snr\i\ loi- San Kieyo, San l''ian SCO, Astoria. Port TownsemI, Sitka, and Kadiak Island, wilh eonstants lor redaction toother th elf |il,ices. I'liil 'rainisi nil is the eount\ seat, ami is \ery lieantlfidly lueated on the hi;ih, lolliii;,' lands hchind Point Iluils(»ii. It coMiinands a reinarkalde site for a lar^e eoinniereial eity, lieinj: silnaled ell a peninsala eleven luilen loii<,' and three miles wide, a line liarhor in fiont, and Port Kiseovery Id the w est w aid. Inlhenearfnture the railmad from thel'oiiimliia i;i\fr iliioiit;h tlii' Cow lit/ Valley will lerminattt at Port Tow nscnd. It i-< the port ol eiitiy of the Pn;^el Sound colleelion dislriet. 'I'he nnmlierof \e>sels doeniiient<'d at Poll Townscml for the fiscal year eiidiiij; .Iniie ;il». |S,s|, was ci;;iily six sailing' vessels anil scveiityei^ihl .ste.uners, with a lonna;;ei)f foilyseven thoiisami lliiec hiimiicd and lliirty two tons. There were eiiteicd and cleared for the same \ear one Ihoiisaiid se\en liiin- (hill and eif,dity-ei;;ht \essels, with an a;;';;ie};ale toiina>;e of nine hniidred and ninetj -ei;;!!! Ilioii- siiid live humlied and thirteen Ions. (>l tlie vessels, three liiindredand forty livi' were coastwise, lia\in;^ lliree luindred and twenty six ihoiisand one hiimlrcd and twenty live Ions; and one Ihoii' -and four hnnilred and forty-three were foiei;;ii, with a tomia;,'e of six hnmlicd and seventy two ilic)ii.--aml three linnditi! and eighty ei;,'lil Ions. It IS estiiiialed that alhiiilofthe Pii;,'el Sound toiina};e is liceiix'd vessels running; to .Smi I'laiicisco and othei coast parts. They aii' not imlmied in the aho\ e icpoi 1. 'I'he total \aliie of exports fur the loieij:ii trade for ISS;. was one million seven hundred and sc\eiity thousand two hundred and niiiclecii dollars; and of ilomestic and coast w ise, six iiiilliun dollars. In ai Id it ion, there were ex potted in thai \ear hops to the \ alue of o\ cr (uu million dollars. The population of Pent Tow nsiaid is ahoiii two Ihou.saud live liuiidied. Tiicii' is a lar;:c steam saw mill heic, a iiiaiiufac|o:> of wooden wares, a lireweiy, etc. At liondale. near the Chimikim (leek, was the location ol' iron wniks for the redi.ction of hay iron, hut its oiieraiioiis ha\e liceii •suspended. lor national ipiarantine re;,'nlalioiis atVei'iin^ this port, see notice under San Fianci-^co, |i. Ul". I'roiii (i>iiimpcrs ancjiora;,'!' in Poll l>isco\cry in IT'.'l he made a short exploration into .\d- inii'.ilt.\ I iilcl, and, of conisr, saw Port Townsend. In IT'.tL' N'.iiieonver. from his anchorage in Port Discovery, scuts his lioals lliroti;;li the whole ol l'ii;;ct Sound, lie surveyed Port Townsend and named it Pint Townshend, which name has irncn way to the later erroneous spdlini:. MAKlMW.sroNK rolNT. This point is tlio first one insi(h> the eiilrance to Admiralty Inlet on the wosteni side, ami with point Wilson forms the {iiiiilin^ jioints. It lies three and live-eighths miles souili scxfiity demces c.is! (S. 7

    It "" '.!• i! : I' * •'^•''^i I'Aciiic coAsr ni.oi'. fn.in lour iMil..,s soi.tl, ,.r tli.- poi,,!. W.- l,a^.. „,„k...l tlir .survoiintr I.ritc FauntW,,,, |,, „„|, nii'imisi. lines. '" Wliiii :i v.-Msrl is ..|i!«TiiiK I'UMt Miiirowsloii,. I'.iiiH, |||,. raitlu-Ht I.iiul Dial is h.mi, iI , ,|, „ I'haiiiirl is till' liiKii .■litVs at KiIiiiiiimI IN.int ami Point Wells on tli«. .msI si.lv o| ilie >,.,ii,"l ,,,.1 alioiil t«entv two miles (li>iaiil. I'lom Maiiowstoiie Point we liav.' tiie loll..win); lH'arin«s ami dislam-es to proi .„, „|,|,,, '■"""^^■''•' -luiMii..,!,.' N. :ii w. :ii „„i,.. I'ailiiil);i> |l.oil%. Illiirk r.iio) N. Till W 1 U i il ' '"""" I'"" "■"'«"• ••■"' """> N. -Jl \\. ^J ,„||!.,'' Siiii(li\ l-laiiil 1. 1 -111 li.MWf JS'. ,t;i w. Ilj II, j I,,, A.li.ni..ll> ll.a.l l,i-lil-l,(.n,.. f{_ I, . ^v. :U 1,1,1,., liiMilil.' |lli,il, 1 Msi »i,li. iif , haiiiirl n ri'.t ' !•;. lt» iii,|i'N I'oilll \.i r,.|l,l l.iyhl ll.„,>,. j<_ ;,;, , |.; l:H |,|,|,.„, l',i,,l»i iillii r llliilV, lllii, 1, lt,i,i> «< 11 |.; i|i mil,,, A \e>sel iiait'a mile east of Maiiowslom' point sees direetl.v into llooil's < 'anal. 'I'Ins I ii w.is iiameil Marrow Sioiie Point li.v Vancouver in .Mav, ITKL.'. j\ol. i, p. j,!', , ■MAKI.MiW.sruNK IMil.Nr I.llillT. .\ J'l.iiil ml liijhl, lens lantern, lias lieeii stispemled I'loiii an arm on a wliite post. 'II,,. |„,sf |, twelve leel liij;li. .mil is alioiit littem feet alio\e the sea level. The post is alioni ten \.ii,N ;ii,!,|,. till' lii;;liwat<'r eml of tile poinl. There is a small while sentr.v liox at the stake loi Ki,|,!ii; il,.- lantein, oil. etc. This li;;ht IS east li\ .south .sev»'ii-ei;;litlis .south (M. by S. i S.) Ilnee .iinl lliiir • pi. triers miles I'loin I'oint Wilson l.i;;lil house. J'roiii the li;;lil the roll, iw in;; lieaiiii;,'s and distances to pn^niineiit points are ;tiveii: \.lii,iralt> lliiil l.ii:l,il,i,ii!.f N. ):, \V. ,I,Niaiil :'4 ii,il,s. liMiilil.' IllnlV .S. .-,;i K. ili^Miii ;i( „,i|, ^. p.. ,1,1 N,, I',.,,, I l.i«lil.|iiiiiw «. iVlJ K. ihHiuiit l:H i,iili«. This ll^iht was e.statiiisheil October 1, IS.SH. Tin; <'iiri;.si-, \ i> tiik im.kt (»u sofNi). Startinj; I'lom abreast Marrowsitnie Point llie midi'liaiinel course up .\dmirally Inlet > mhhIi oast b\ siMilh liii aboiil ciixhl miles, lieadiii;,' jnsi east ol' P'oiiiweather iJliill'. 'I'he sli,ii,'v .. , ,iiii,i side ol the channel are bliills ol' a|>paren,l\ iinitorm liei;;hl. co\ iied wilh Irees, will, !,. ,,. ,,,|,1 there an oc.Msional low |ioinl. or a bieaU dow n in the elill' where a si re. i in empties. 'I Im' -li.i, , h theea.-t is \\'lii,|bc\ Island; on the wesl. .M.irrowslone Island. I^'oiir and a hall' iiiiies 11.111, .M.n- rowstone Point liiere is ireetly otV this poiiil there is p»od anchor, lu'c ni 1 ibii" tifteeii fithoiiisof wale; ( 'le |iecnliar ;,'eolo;;ical formalioiis found in the vicinits sii;_'_:i -tiil 'i ■ desii^natioii Xifiliilr I'tiiiit.* whicii il bears. After passin;,' Nodule Poinl the deep liay to the westward is Oak l'>a\ ; the bi;:lil in ;ii'ii~:. two or tliret' miles soiiiheasl of P.ii.sh Point, is .Mutiny liay. The iii;,di. Imld, liri;,'lil iniiill.iwl «;«)Veivd with trees almost diiiitl> ;iliead is i'oii! weather lllnll'. It is a conspicuous oImitI. .im! there is notliiiiu' bke it in Ihis vicinity. (See pa;;e ."•'.»,">.) The lii;;li elitVon tiie eastern shore four miles sonlheastw aid from Push Point is Ihnd''' />'/«.'" It is destilutir of I rees. except one lai;;e el limp wlm li marks it conspieiiousiy from the 1101 ii, iimtli wesl. The deep iiideiilalion on the northwest side of ihisclilV with low wooded land 11 lln' n ' is Mulini/ Hill/.' The low point with a Ia;.'lit house beyond and to the eastsoutheast from I'oiilwcath. 1 - I' 1 No I'oint, and liie lii),di elilVs on the eastern shore si.x miles to the east .soul heast li,.i: limU'l' liliilV is Scalehel Head. * NumcU by tho U. 8. C'ouhl .Siirviy In lrt.'iii. ii 1 ■' 41'; ■ iii "i I vl ***=^v ISiihIi I'liitit. Douhlr lllun'. ''"'"^ ■''■" '""'"'■ Foulweatl,.!.- Bln«-, 8K. j .s., i,. „.i|.,,. ■dM Nodulo Point. ,.,.- ^■,r'>i^^-.';*^fSi-^>.„ le ^'meaf j - kM.'O^- ('it'' '. ■•' •*-..i-.,,.., ,. .... , .-„» ■■■■ ,■■■' 'i.i.,^ r.Oi.r'n^'^V.^.. .:)i\/:'V '■?;. I'ou.t No I'diut. Fonlwca.!u.r liln.r, M.. ,,, . - „,i,,„. „„„,,, „„^^„ „,,^,,,^ ^,^__^, Tala Point. I'oit Ludlow. H»ul.l« Blurt. ■nrftidlKifi.,^..^., I'n^t.t .Soiinil. -r--r5^i'~ , 1 i III 1 li n if n#l i I ,}< it- ax i'ACll'K; COAST I'll.OT. bX) Till' Diu'iiiiig oil tlie west side of Foiihvi'atluT I'lliiff is Ildoil's raiial: iiiid vessels hniiml inti il keep rlose ti) tin; west, sliore (if tlic lilutf aiitl pass two low points l^in;,' itlose Ity tlie short X.I itli of tlio lieiwl. The water otf them is »lce| just When the eastern part of Foiilweatlier lUiilV hears sontlieasf hy soiitli one tliinl south and iliM sontliern part of ])oul)le Ululf »'ast by norlli, a vessel will be two and a tliiid miles lioin the Idinier and two and two-thirds miles from the latter If bound up the sound Ilieeonrsc will lio rast iiy sonlh (piarter isouth for the next six miles to abreast Point Iso I'oiiil Light house, with Seiitchet IJeati to the east northeast. OAK BAY. This is tiie deep bight on the west side of the inlet lying under the south end of Marrowstone Island and the south end oi' Kilisnl Island on the north and the main shore of the t.inimper I'liiinMiia on tho south. The turning i>oint from the inlet into the north side of the bay is live .ini! one lialf miles southeasterly from Marrowstone roinl. The bay has a general northwest by west half west direction and heads itlose uji to tin' head of I'ort Towiiseiid, and is separated therei'ioni liy a low ininow beaeli, ueniss wliieii the Indians l(iimer!\ had a portage for their eanoe.s. From the noitli point of the bay the direction of Point Olele, which fornis the southern point of the bay, is southeast by south two thirds .south (.SH. by S. r| S.) two miles, ami from mis bin' the bay is two and two thirds miles deep, and three- fourths 111' .1 mile wide at the head. It opens directly towards Fouhveather Hlutl". The slnues around the li.iy are moderately high blulVs, except at the narrow opening between .Mairoustone Point and Kilisnt I'eninsula .ind at the beach towards Port Townsend ; the elills at the southwest slioie are lime-stone. The depth of water in the liay ranges from twenty-one fathoms at thei'iitranee to ten fathoms • Iii.sc to the head, with muddy bottom. The th-ep water runs close to the shores, except otf tho noiili point, where a de[ith of ten fathiins is found three-fourtli,>* of a mile from shore, with a sudden droji to twenty lathi. ins. < In beating out of the inlet or .sound, with a f.ivorable current, ve.s.scls should not atteniiit to W(uk into this bay for the sake of a long tack. Vancouver named it Oak Cove in IT'.tl.'. his l.oats having rejiorted that oak trees stood ui)ou Its shores. We have traversed tho greater par* of the shores, but found none. MUTINY HAY.» This is tho moderately dee| , broad bight on the ea.Uerii side of the inlet, seven miles south .•ast iiy east half east (HK. Iiy I). A V..) from Marrowstone Point, and on the noithwcst side of the prnjccting mesa of Diuible MliilV. It is two and a half miles broad, and the low woo(h'd slnuc line retreats a little over a mile. Th-'ie is ,k deep-water channel close under the shore of Double Point and following nearly to tile ii'';tliern point of the liay, wlicre the dejUli is twenty-four fathoms; but making out from this .lioie in a direction outside ol Doiilde Point tiieri' is a shoal iiiiddle^^round, upon which depths lioin six to eleven fathoms ol water are found. This is ,.ii excellent lishiug ground. mi I »* ^ ■! l)OI llI.F, l!I-tl'I''.» This is a mesa promontory one n ile wide and one and a half miles long. lying between Mutiny Hay on the west and I'.seless May oi tho east. Theelin's are three (U- four hundred feet in height, .iiid the greater part )f i!ie surface I ack from the lace is eovt'i'cd with trees, bill near tlie water it Is destitutl^ of trees, except o.:" i.oge eliimii which marks it conspicuously in going up tho sound. I'lie northwest spur of this point is the higher. FOII.WK.ArilEU nUTFF.t This is one of the most noticeable of the many elitfs in Piiget Sound. It ia tho northwest ex- licniity of a soveiiniile peninsula which separates Admiralty Inlet from the entrance to Hood's • 'anal. It is the landmark for m, iking Port laidlow at the entrance to that canal and P(Ut tiamlile, live miles insii Siii'M > ill l-."i.'i, t Naiiii'il liy VaiiciiiiM r In I'M. i Im' Iiitliioi uiuuu in I'itcli-liCil. »■*' \W m ■^ • ii'J'.i rAfiric roAsi j'ii,»it. tii-al niiih1\, cliiv ••lilVs iilxMil two limiihca ami i Wfiit.ylivf feet lii;,'Ii, and invnv.l on Mi. .mii,,,;,,. Willi lii'a\\ Ills anil a vnv ilriisf iiinlcr-rowili. It sIoik's toward tlit- oast to a iilnil i.nu |,.,,; lii^ili ; lull on I lit' side iic\l to Hood's « 'anal Ilici'litViM stot'it. Mood's Canal is lii'icaliiioM otitMi,,) twotliinl.s miles wide, and tlic iiilcl aiross |.> Donlilf I'dnllis harrtv tliii'c miles anoss. The low point foiii miles east of ronlweatlier IMiilV is IVuiit No I'oiiit, imiUiii;; well .mi.aii.l destiintf of trees or Inislies. Iletweeii ii and FoiiiweatluT tlific is a lir(»ad lii-lil, \miIi.mii .n,, reasonable ell. iiiee lor am lioiaj;e; it lias dee]! water and stroiij,' eiirrents. Tlie di>laiir. riuiinlii deepest part of 'liis hi^iit one mile from flie liliilV across the low iieek to Hood's ( an, i! m nni. 'liiaitei of a mile in one part; and in IS.-Mihis neek was marked li.\ the track of a reeein i, i that hail Iwisied otVand upiooted lirs of three and four feet diameter. (,)n the soiilliwesi side of the lilufl" two Mnall points make out, with .v little lecessi.ui luim, , tlioiii. The northern one is low. F(tri,\VKATin;i! uhfk iiioy. ("onipaiatively shoal water makes out northward from this liliilV, so that the h\eii!\ \'.[\\„;y, line is iiearl\ a iniU" towards r.ush Point. ,iiid the ten-fathom line rcielies two thinlsof i mhIc .:■ towards Douhle HlnlV. A rod; ainisli at the lowest tides lies oil" the face of the liliilV a little to the e;;:., o| 'In' niiilillr of the fice, and a depth of three fathoms is found outside if this danger. i '' this d.ui;;erous ;;roiind a hliul: huinj will he pia.e'! oil' the innlli face of the '.liull mi; side of ken rock one half mile fiom the shore, ,iiid in .iliout (i\e latlionis ol w.ilei. jN.i jdaeed in . .cmlier, l.SST.) l-'roiu this buoy we have the followiuy hearings and distance- in im. purlaiit (dijecis: Illark Miiiiy ciV Tain Toiiit vact 8ii inili'ii. A Ijrail l.l-llt-ll(.llraMi«MiiiE roiiit. ahni^t ill laii^c '.ij! iniji -.. P.iiiit Nt. I'ciiiit l.i-lit hoiiM. S. t^l' v.. \ nulls. CSKI.K.SS BAY.* Oil the east side of the point of Moulile MlntV the shore runs to the noitliwanl Im i»ii,iiii|,t tliird miles, and then swiii;.'s round in a Ion;; curve to the east and to the soul liea>t ;ii Imlni Point, oiu« mile wc>t nortiiwesi from Scaldiet Head ami four and tlir. e foui llis iiulr- im>i 'i\i. thirds south from Donhle liliilt. This forms a lta,\ nearly live miles liro.id at the iiiiuiili imi itu and a half miles to the iioitliward. It lies broad open li> the south, ami lonks diin In ii|'in Point No Point. 'J lie shores of this lia\ are in part iilnlV .ind in (lait low , with .1 liin;;c uf lllal^il lu'arly around the whole bay. There is <|eep water in this bay, the forty fathom eiinc leaclnni' into it, and the twenty fathom eiir\e lunninj^" nearly to the dce|iest part of the shore, fin- >lii'ilr>: water is under the licUlheast shore, wheie the tell fathom cill\(' stietehes out olU' 111 ii . », ilN .1 iMdtoiii of sand. At the liea ea-t b,\ mulh six and a half inili's. The point itself is low and jiisl above hi;;li water, with a ;;ull\ and small .-lieam up. thewesieiii pail. To I he west ward the broken cl'tVs run in a eimeave, eiir\ 111;; hm !■■ 1 weather liliill. 'I'o the scuitlieast by .south the shore is nearly strai;;lil for ten miles, ai-' 1 n. 1- in;: height to the .lilfs, and a low, narrow, marshy li inder them to Pilot Point, i\ 1 ' miles distant. The land behind it is two or three hundred \\'v\ lii;.'h, .iiid modcrat. 1 «iiiiili.i Deep water niii.s close to the point, .mil one third of the way across the channel aluca-i il ll"'"' ■Naiii.ill.\ III.!'. S. i;\|iliiiiii^ lA|ii..lil If^ll. 1 iJiwiiwinl anil imiiii-il liy llic V . .'*. CmiMl Surv.y in IS'if.. ^ ll asaa^HKsas (1 «'(»\ ('led (III i|ir Mini, ' easi III ;i lihiiV i..n\ |,, lill is licit' ,1111111-., lllllMi (• miles ai'ioss, ilit, luiiUiiij; Weil mil, .,• lircjid lii;;lit, \MilitMii ,11 <. Tin- (iisliiMi'c liiMii li to IldlMl's ( 'all;il IS 'Mil', tiiicK (if a ifci'iii I.. Ill:, ,t little reci'.-.sniii Iirim. ^11 that the lut'iii\ Till, 's two tliinls til' .1 Miili'., to the ea;.i nl 'lir ini.l.i II I h lace III' ;lic i.iiill , l.ilhoilis III u.itii. N ■ili;;s ,iiiil .|i>I,iiirc~ ',. ::, 1 w. 'J!, mil ,-s w. li>i mil I'H \v. 1 ' mil I'S i:. ■•I iinl ■,1 i:. 7< mil t -1 '.•I! Iicl 1^ i;. 't ml I'l iiiii'liiwaiil t'lir I I'.c ,111'! the s(iiillica>l 111 li"! e I'lillllilN miles iM^I t , tl at the iiiiiiilli mil ; ailtl ImiK,- illlri i . Ill' :. « , with ,1 li'iii^i- "I . M • l,v rallmiii cm v e u m i . the >lniii'. 'I'll'- -i)M il. - es mil line llliii . V. Ill, ,1 pits, lieliiiiil u hull i)i'> I haviii.L;- ,i .-.In.,! mri.' lent III" I'selcss. In a sli'ai-lii ' ' ■ ■ - iiliit, and li'iiiii ,' 'III' < I' mall .-itieam npr! mi^i ' c, eiiix iiiK 111" ' ■ r tell llllles, vvjlli ilM'iM'- it rmiit, iv.vi .iii'l .1 li^ill and iiii)deiatel\ umiili'il. channel alnia.-i ii iImH' rAfinc coA.sT riLor. 597 'I is a de|ith of one Iminlred and roiirteen fallioms. rnder the south sido of tlio point tliero is good ^ iiMclioia;je in ten I'alhonis. Wi TIIK I-KillTIIorSH AT POINT NO I'OINT. The structure for this li;,'ht i? .1 low, s(|iiare tower, |iaiiited while, with the lantern and dome 1 |i:iiiiii'il lilack. Then' is an oil rootii attached to the lower, and the woculen dwellitii;, of one and fa liidf slmies, jiainli-d white, is located sixtv-seveii .\aids to the weslwai'd. Tlie illiimiiialiii^i appar.ilus is of the tilth order of Fresiiel, li;;litiiin' two liuiidred and .scvcMitj' ili'LTiees of the hori/oii, and was exhibited .laniiaiy 1, KSSO. From sunset to sunrise it sliow.s a 1: i;il irlii/r liijlil. The l>as»\ of the tower is seven feet above the water, and the focal plane of the li^'ht is twojity- mvcii feet above the mean level of tlu^ sea ; and under ordinary t'onditujiis of tlie atmosphere tho li;:!it oii;iht to be seen aiioiit ten and a half miles. TIIK FOG-HKLL. The bell I, AVer is located on the outer end (if the point, to the southward of the LiKlit-lionse, and «,i,, nist put ill operation IMav I, bs.so. Diirinjr thick or fot;j;,v weather the bell is struck by iiiai liiiicry at iiilcixals nriiii seconds. The jieof;ra|iliical position of the Li;,dithouse is given quite closely from the V, S. (^oast and (ieodetic Survey charts : 1,111 il mil' 17° .M' 11" iiiirtli. I.oii<;iliiilr l-'i° 'M' W west. Or, ill liim< b" Id'" OtiM, I''iom the l,i;ihtliouse on Point No Poiir we liave the following bearings and distances to im« piirtant objects: r.liirl, Itiiiiy iilV I'linlwoiilhiT I'lIiilV W. liy N. :!} miles. Ki'il ."^laUi' l.iuhl 1111 I 'ill 111 Maiiiuvvioiii' N. fi:!' W. Hit mill's, Ailmii.iity lii'inl l.i«lil-liiiii,si' N. ir. \V. li! mill's. Omi Itiisli I'liint III 7J mill's. DiiiiMii llliill N. ;l-- W. ;!5 iiiili'H. t'lissi'sslnn I'liiiil, riili-.inri' III Pii'.'i'ssioii .Soiiml N.7li^ K. li mill's. Applii C'iivi> I'liiiit S. 411^ !■;. fit iiiiliis. West I'oiiit Light-house is not visible on accoiiiil of .\pple Cove Point intervening. Point No Point was named by Ih ■ United States E.xploring Expedition in I.S4I, The Indian name is ilahdskiis, SCATCIIET HEAD.* This is the southern point of the long and iiiegular Wliidbey Island ; it stretches as a luomon- toi\ iiiiii a biiiail part (»f Admiralty Inlet, and is visible for twenty-live miles from the south south- east ; il IS diici'tly abr«'ast of Point No Pninl, The southern entrance ol Possession .Sound is on Its eastern sidi' and Useless P.ay 011 the wi'steni. ii is a double headed promontory, with a length of six miles and ,111 extreiiK^ breadth of two and three I'oiirlhs miles between Pscless P.ay and Po.s- session Sound. The two heads have each a fai f about three fourths of a mile in breadth expo.sed to tho south: lliey are bold yellow clay clilVs: the eastern olii' rises about lliiee hiimlred feet above the waler. and isco\cicd with wood, and the western one rises one hundred ami forty feel or more. The west. 'Ill head h.is becniin' locally known as the h'alse Scatchet, Oil the base of the bright elilVs ihere ,11 e seen great enatic giMiiile bowlders, i'(issi;s.si(iN roiNi'.t The lower part is a neaily vertical while day dilV: I hen the bank slopes at an angle of forty-live degrees, uiiji .1 paili.ill\ biukeii u liilisli I'l out. tin I II II reaches one liiiiidied and I'orty fiet elevation. There are a few scaiti'iid treesoii the lower part of ilie slope, and the siimmil level is covered with Oregon pin(>. 'N. .1 lix till, r, s. lA|iIi"lliii;; nl' Hn' """I i- f^l>.iilj;il '• Hi'' ln'l'"'! Iilimi' III' 111,' luiiiil IS SK.iiilliKs. r.i till. .■.•ipl;iiiis nil Ihi- s.iiinil lliis pmiil li.is Ih'iimiii' I,iiiumi us ■' l':ll.ii' Si'atrlu'l." t This pnmi lias Ih'coiih' luinlls UmnMi as yi'atilirt lliail. !ih 1*' ; , M ; i I J ill? ffllv 508 PACiriC COAST I'lI.OT. Tlio ^^.'»r,• mwlpr tlio oaMorn side of tlic Iiond ishoiilcrcil by alow, narrow headi. Tlu' fa.stiTii Nliort'of tlio fiitraiicf to I'o.sscs.sioii Soiiiid aldoast this lu>atl lisfs rimn , ln« narrow Itradi witli dt'citliioiis tn-t-son tlu- lowt-r slope ailil Oregon pino on the Himiriiii. Viil„«' Miiirs rIiow ill patclifs tliiiiu;r|i tli)> freoN. r>i'twefii the two litath tlicre is a shallow pocket rumiiiiK back ono and a half iiiil. -, ,;ill,,l Cultus liittj. It is ill piirt oveillowcd at liijili tide, and then presents the appt'aranee ol a 1m\. .\i; extensive sand hank and shoal inaUes out nearly three miles to the sontiiward, with the i.i.,i,|ii| of tiie heads as a base. From the eastern lit ail round the western, ami a mile toward I mm, >s ]!;„. the low-water liiu- makes .)nt half a mile, the shore beiiiK bare, wliere older maps hav.' d. . ;. \k;i|,|' For over a mile south of the western head a depth of ei-ht and ten fathoms of water ;u,.l Mncmiii sandy bottom can be found; while the twenty fitlioin line runs out three miles directly i..i A|i|,1,. Tree Cove, with a bottom of sand, gravel, and slulls. We found, when anchored for sr\, i:il ,lnu ofV the eastern head, a stron;; undercurrent runniii); into Possession Sound, and an ii|.|Mriiir rent settiii}; to the westward at all tides. Vancouver makes mention of the shoal, and M.,irs il,,ii beatiuj; into the inlet he stood on tiie batik until he got the fatlioms of water, but \\.\u\ ..| im,, precluded his examining it. Oir the smith side of rossession Toint on the lino of three fathoms we found a nul innixh at the lowest tide.s. It is about two hundred and tifty yards oflf tho front of the clitrs. TIIK COfltSE UP THE SOUND. Opposite Point No Point the sound expands to a width of seven miles, with a v iiv il.r|i channel between the point and the bank olV .Scatchet Head, and a deep eliannel betwi en ihr li,,,,! and the shore of the mainland. This latter channel, over two miles wide andoiie liiiinlii <| ;iiii| twenty fathoms deep, leads into Possession Sound. From Point No Point a ves.sel boiiini I iiiImt np the sound will naturally keep the mid eliannel, but a general course for a vessel when .me ami n ipiarter miles nortlnvest half west from the li;;ht house on the point is southeast liairMuiili inr ten and a half miles, to mid ihaiinel abreast of Point .letferson, the imrth jioint of Port Mj imh, where the eliannel is three and two thirds miles wide. \ vessel boiiu'i into Port Madismi ni I'mt T^lakely will gradiialls haul to the southward of that course and pas« close under Poini .1, ilii-ini, if the wind holds under the land; if bound into Seattle sh*^ will gradually haul a liitlr i.i ihc Houtliward to pass West Point closely as soon as she makes out the Light hoiis<> buildin;:> ii|> ii ii. Front abreast Point Jetrerson the course is south by east for tiv»' miles, to abreast W • -i l'^ ii Light lioiis' and if btuiiid for Port Hlakely a vessel <'ontinu(s another four and a hall illlll^, li tlieeiitranci' (ui the north side of Kestoration Point. If bound farther up the sound to T.iIvhuli or Iwyond, a ves.sel continues on the south by east course two miles beyond West Ptiint l,l;;lii i m'. and then hauls up on a southeast three <|uarters south course for Point liobinson I-it:lil hoii-c, "ii the west side of tin- eliannel, distant lifteen and a half miles. The average width of iIm- ■ 1 ;i:.iiiI between Va«lion Island on the west and the main shore on the east is two and a hall m . -. nM the depth of water is over one hundred fathoms. The shores are generally of the same rl. ii.nivi, of yellowish clay clilVs, with low, gravelly or .sandy points, having deep water close iiikIh iIhiii, and deep broa!_ 'J'*" ' . . "■ *■. '"^v^ » ->. - .- , PoHseHBioii Point. N. i K., 7^ nii|p». Posscssiui, S„;in(l. Point Elliot. I Hill ■ "irrririiiirifMimiiiiwii iiiiiii i ■ amiiim' ■ i ' • •'■■^^- '■- ^- ''- ■ i West i',.|l: SK. hvS.., II. l; ail|Ulir.liri> liattcry Point. ' t Sound, Kobinson'.s Point. I'oiiil .lnH'erson. Appletreo Point. i! tl'ii;,'li(nif ttio snimrl Is lar?o, oTfrpf nt 'Iio .|, liasol" tlu> rivt'i'M, wliicli luin;,' dnwri an imiiiciiM' ainniuil (iralliivinl riiatrrial tliiil i|iiii'tly ilopoH- ii>aiiil fonim very fxtcimivo iiiiiil Hats. That Cioiii tlic S(|n.)iiaiMisli Uivi-r lias nearly lillcd in acKist tlie sound and reduced tlie cliaiinel to iMie-tliird nl' a ny steamer fii.iii Seattle witli all the towns and settlemenls. The shores present Die ^'cneral features of |'ii;,'et Sound, luit. the <'liaiinels are narrower, aver.i^'in;; alioul («o miles in wiilih. and the depth of water inside the southern entranee reaehes sixty-live fathoms. There are no known daii;,'eis in the ehannels. The shores of the deltas of the rivers are low and muddy, and liehind them there is a dense forest and iinder;;r(iwtli. \\\' have lately passrd tliiou','ii the Miiind and through Do- ri'pliou I'asH in both diructiou.^t in one of the PosseHsion Sound steam Ixiats. TOUT OAKKNKI!.* Th« southern part of the Nound runs almost north from I'ossessioii Point for tlireo and n half miles, to abreast I'oint I'illiot on tin- east, when it widens out into a nearly cirenlar iiasiii live and .1 half miles ill diameter, with (iediiey Island a mile and a liail lonL' in the middle; this basin is loeallv known as Port (lardner, altlioii'di the Coast Snivev chart restricts tliat lie to the south- east part. The sliiues are lii^li and b(d>l, and wooded en the summit of the llat mesa like lands. There is deep water and no dan;;ers close under eiliier >h(Me. This port receives the Snohomisli lliver in the northeast part. The liver in its lower course comes tiiidii^h a marshy \alley two miles wide, liehind Point F.lliot is the town of .Mnckilli'-o, wliicii lias two small wharves ami probablN twenty Inuiscs; and four miles farther .ilon^' the shore to the northeast is the town of Port Ciaidner. Ill the iKM'lliwest part of this ])ort the lii;;li southeast point, of ("amano Island, called Point A I lei I, f divides Port (lardner into two ehannels lead in;; to the norihwesi ; the oin- to the «ast two tulles wide leads to Port Susan and the Slilla;,'uaniisli I!i\er; the one to the west is the Saiato^ja I'.issa;',!', and leads by a line, liroad, deep channel, lifteeii or sixteen miles Inii;,'. between tlur west siile of Camaiio Island and the east side of Whidbey Islaml. to the ninth end ol the lormer. Point .Mien at the south end of Caniano Island, and Sandy Point on Whidbey Island, oiio and two tliiids miles south of the former, are the entrance points to SaraIo;;a Passa^ie. Tiilcsiit Miichilli'", I'nrt (tiuiliicr. — The Corrected F.stablisliiiieiit, or mean inliival between the Mi'Min's transit and the time of lii^fli water, is xvi'' oil Th iiean rise and fall is ll '.» feet. To obtain the times and Innjjhts of any tide thr(Uij;lioiit the year consiili the Paeitie Tide 1'. lilies, published annually by the P. S. Coast and (b'odeth; Survey. Tin' any reijiiiri d tide tirst l.ili It the <|uaiitities I'idin the Pent Townscnd Table for the rei|iiired dale. 'I olhejiiven time of hiph water a' . . . F- ' ^% 4/ '^^ i):i (; tm M GOO pacikk; coast imlot. rvx.Auv. Tliis is nn Iiuliiin n'scrvuticui in tli.' Mnall l.;(,\ ..r tlic saiui- m:iiii«>. Ft li«>s on fli.. inain si,,,,,, ncarl.v iiliicast of All.n l'..int iil tin* cnli.iiic' to I'.ni Siix.iii. Tlio west |Miint of ;li.' iiui.in.v Im, 11 Itrljjhl inktt'li III' liliiir Willi pill. .« n|><>ii it; tlir l.liilV is.iliciit r<>ily firl lil;;li uml .■.Imn \,ii,1,1,„, Tho sniitli.M.st point li.i> II l.ii^lit l.lnlV wiili Ihts, uikI ik low ni'ik of I.iikI lowanl^ tli.- LuiMii.". of tlif Sistfii oi" ('li.nitv. The Im,\ is pioti'i'ti'il liy two points, ;inil tl ntijinci> s(Mni>\vliat ri-sfiictcd by a nIiomI mmki ; out from tlio iimiliwisi |iiiiMt to tlic midillf o| tlio opening:. The I'litrani'i- is op^'ii to tiic ^mmiI, wi'st. .Mill till- two points arc al>oiit on.- ilniil of a niilr apart. Tin' lainl is low ami clrar..! '.. I, i,: till' liay ; all tin- liiii!iliii;;s aio lli'sciv alion hiiililiiiKs, ami an- on tin- sloping' plots in ilic iimh!,,;,-! pait of iln>li;i\. In llii« koiiiIum.sI an^ilo of tin- liav llii'iv ari' two laip- l»iiililiii;,'s of tiic lniiliUii:. of till" Sisti'isof Cliaiitv, Willi a sin, ill I'linicli lictwci'ii tlit'in. TuhUii> /;.ii/ /;»..//*.— Two lmo\s havo Ihtii placnl to mark tin' I'litiaiiri- to this .iik Imli., Olio i.H u bliuk njuir huin/, ami tl tlicr is a rnl hjhd- li\ii>\i. Vint SiiMtn, Slllliiiiiiiiiiii-h tShiujh. — Two spai Iniovs liavi' liri'ii jilai'i'il otV tin- not tlif.i>.i vli,,], of Clin, mo l>l.inil lo ni.iik ilio rlianml inli .S|illaKnaiiii>li Sloii-li, at tin- noiili mil ol I'mi Sumi, I'oit iSiiMtii, Ihiris Sloiiijli — .Six spar Imio.nm liavi' ln'i-ii phui'd to iiuilk llio cliaiiiul Icnlin. lu: Davis iSloii;,;li, oir- of tlio inoutlis of tin- SiioIioiiiIhIi lliviT. «AUATO(lA PASSAOE. Tills is till" tiiH', hroail, ilt'cp strait loailiiif; from Port (lanlmT to the iiortliwostwanl Im i (,,: Cain.imi Island on tin' i ast and \Vliiillif\ Island on tlii' west. This strait, fiom Ciiiiaiiii IIimiI; tlif nulls of rtsaladv , is i'i;;litiTii null's Ion;,' Tin- iMstiTii slmrc is rontiniions, w lii'icas inin ih, western sliori' pi'iH'tiatr llolini's llarlioi, I'riiii's ('(>vi',<)ak flailuir, and Diiiicairs Hay. TIm^Im/ avi'ia;.'i's two niilrs in width; ilic shoics an' ItliitVs covi'ii'd with Ori';;oii pint', tint not snili!».'. as lii't'ori' till' sawmills di'pli'tcd tin- foii'sis TImti' art- praiiii- opcnii on I'itliiT sidr. 'lie ■ li .i iicl is fioiii twi'iit.x latlionis Ii> lit'ly livo fatlioiiis dri'p, with (jood wr osi- iindiT tlii' slmn ■. Nii steam lioaf iiavij:ation ronld In- licltrr in j,'ood wratlirr. In smoky "iiii\ wi'iitliiT tin -i i - boats inn li\ roiirsi's and liiiii', acfordiiiii to tlii' cm ii'iits, and iisi- tin- < idio of 'Ix.' .strain wli;~:' '" di'ti'iniini' tlirir proMinity to tin- land. Tins sir.iit was nanit'd Toil (iardniT liy N'anroini'r in May, 1(1*2. It ri'ci'ivcd its ihimh; uaiiiu from tlie Ciiited Ktati's Kxiilorin^' Kxpiditioii in IKtl. ai.m;n roiNT. This is tln> Koiitli f'lid of Camaiio Island, and foiiiis tlio iinrtli point of tlio t'litranct' t" Sm topa I'.i.ss,i;:i'. It risi'.s iidaiid tolln- tup of tin- (n-cs, whii-li aicfstiinati'd at onr hnmlicd aiMl-i\i\ fci't aliovi' tin' w itrr. .\ ;,'ri'.it l.ind sHdr has i.tki'ii plarr Iuti', and thifi-or four aiTi's ol tin |...;:t has slid aw,iy. Ii-.ivin;,' a low, ontrr w liiio rkiy .'litV. with a few lirrs upon it ; then tlir siirlan I il - hack to till' liasi'of tin' .sfcond or iiini'i' while clay clitV, which rises to alituit one h Ii"l ■ al'ove the water, and is eoveied on the summit with liif,'li pine trees. There is deep u.i;h n! Point AUtii. This point is known to steamlioat captains as Camaiio Head. There is a tradition amoii;,' the Indi.ins that wlieii this slidi" took placo many lmli,ii' '^n' killed, and they never land upon it. Sint'ly I'oint. oi. \Vliidlie\ Island, aliieast of Allen Point, (ind forming the south point "I ;ii' entrance to .Sarato^M Pa.ssa;;e. is moderately Ion;;, low, and has no Inishes, The hliitV U<1 1 rises |p.\ lliree Steps, with st ra;;;,'liii;: 'lees. There is a house at the inner or western end ol I ■ !• ' l.each of the point, with a cleared space on the sloping', rising; yrniind, and a white lionsc m il;. upi>er part of the clearing'. There is liold water clo.se under this j.oiiit. Il is locall\ kii"Mi,r ,Joe lliown's I'oint. Host I'oint is on the west side of SaratoKa Pas.sa^re, six miles west I'y north one ipiartei '!: from Sandy Point. The point on the opposite side of the chanml, distant one and a hall n''' i»iid iM'ariiiK' north by west, is I'oint Lowell, on Camaiio Island. ICast P«>iiil i- a short, low. n Bpii, bad I'd by a hi«li bliilf well wooded. The tops of the trees are estimated t.» be one li '■■''■ aud fifti feel abovo the water. There is very deep water otl' the I'oint. Point Lowll h ■ •: ii'H on till* III nil m||miv it III' till' run. I ||;|« I mill Hi\l\ \ .ihKliH ;. :ti\\iiriN till' I'liililiii;. I'll liy a sliniil Mi.iki' ; • is (l|n'll III till' Miijlli i\v atiil I'lriiii i| 'ii'lniui ]llll|S ill till' l">ll!ir;|<| iliii^'s ol' till' I'liiliiiii:-. U^•^' til lliis .1111 liil.i:i itV till' linlllli'.i^l "Ihl. ith t'litl III' I'm I SiiMi,. iiocliaiiiit'l Irailiiv nit" ortlnvi'Stwiiiil li.'i'\.i: friiiii Ciiiiaiiii III I'i ; iiiciiis, w lii'iciis iiiiH III. iiciiirs liav. Till ~tM.' liiii', lint nut sn ill !i-" 1;. citlii'i' .siili'. 'i'li< ' li 111 • nniliT till' .slum-: N'l jljiy wt'iitlii'r till 'i ■' (if 'In- .sll'lllll will-' ' '" It U'coivi'il its 111.-.:: f tin' t'ntraiiff I" ^i' i (ini- liniiilrt'il himI - x"' rmii' ai'it's 111 !l" I " tlll'll till' Mill. 11' t :' - ml oni' liiiiiiliiil I" 'Ikti! i.s «U'i'l' "■'■" ''■ I'o many Inili.n till' sDiMli imiit' Til.' liliilV I' \M'>l('rii t'liil "I I III a wliili' lii'ii^' 1 1 is liirallN l>i mill I'lii' iiiiaili ' t mil' anil a li.il' i» a slimt, \«\\ . itt'il III III' <"i"' '' I'tiint LiiW'll li I I'AciriC COAST I'll.MT. CO] •:v I ill I'P WiitiT nil' it. One anil a lliinl inili'H wrsl siiiitli\M'>t frmii Mast I'lijnt is l.'iu'iiv I'niiil. tin' iiiiiiiii;; jiiiint inlii lliilm"H llailior, wliii'li nuis .suiiih smillnasl lur Imu ami a liall' inilrs; it is mii> :iiiil a liair iiiilt'.'* Willi', anil has lwrnt\ Cilliiinis iil' wati'i In ilii' lirnil, uliiih is Diily om- Miilc rrmii Miiliny I'.ay. h'lwk!/ I'ltiiil is low at tlir wali'i's ciIml umiI iisi's ;.'i.iiiii:il|\ In i.i;,r|iiy li'i'i. 'I'lic liccs liavn Hill cut a\va\ anil siinit now ikmis ii, Aliuiii mii' liiiinli-.'il \aiils ntl the |iiiinl is a iix-kv islet iiiMiiil with siriili. It isaliiiiil liliyyaiils in I'Mint al low walcr, ami is tln'ii I'linm-i'li'il with tlio |iiiiiit. W'dlsdl, I'liiiil lies oil the west siilr of ilu' Saratii;,'a I'.issa;;i' ami iiiiii' ami a hall' mill's north lilly «'i;;lit ili'iAivcs west (N. ,VS \\'.) ||.,ni llast I'mni. \vjnii. I In- |i.i>s,i;;i' wiilms to four or llvo mih's; tow arils the west, aioiiml Point WalsaU. isthi' lii-aiitil'iil harlim of I'l'iin'stuvi'. three ami ii half miles lon^' ami one mile wiije, with lifteen to seven f itlioins of w.itir, ami lii'.uli!i;.' within ii iMile aiil a hall of I'liiiit rarlriil/i'; tow.inls the north iii.rth«esi are the hroail lia.\s of O.iK llnr- 1 ml Diiiieaii's W.w : |i> the nm theastwanl jiisl Ih'MhiiI I'niiit l»"miii'k is rtsahiily. Tlii'ie is ileep water almii; all these shuns. e\ie|ii olf roint Watsak. where a nanuw shoal iiiMs to the iiiirlh northwest for fully half a mile, with Iweuty-um- fathoms of water on llie i-ast >iile anil sixteen fallmnis on the wist snle. in iiV HIT WAISAK fiilNl. At tlieextreinity of Point Watsak there is plaeeil a ximml.ilii.ss niiiliin,!/ iiuiiitnl lilncl; iiiiil mini- lin-iil I. It is plaeeil in four falhmiis of water alioni lifly \aiils olf tlie emi of ihe spli, whieli has only one fatlioni upon it at low w.iiei. I'loiii Ihisliiioy Point l>eiiioi'k lieais iinrilieasi half east, fiiiir miles ilislant ; ami I'mlies Poini, i.siii;: lielweeii Hiineairs P.a,\ ami Oak llailmr. mullinorlli- West, ilistant two anil a tlnnl miles. Thisiioinl is locally known as Sn'il.ilnnil I'niui, ami is so ;>oteil in ijie Imoy list. I'oiNT roi.NKi.r.. This ]ioint is on Wliiilliey Isl.iinl ami forms ihe eastern lioiimlar\ of Unncan's P.ay ; it lies four miles nmlh liy east half east |N. Iiy ll. \ K.) from Watsak i'oiiil : tun miles iiortliwesi 1iy west (N\\. liy \\ .) from Point Uemock, ami two ami one thinl miles west Irom I'tsalinly. lletwi'cn it ami lisaiaily the liro.nl ."saraioi^a P.issa;;e may lie sanl to ciiil al the turn aroiiml Point neiiiock, the iiurthwest point of Camanii l.>lanil. Point Polnell is a Ion;: narrow point iutliii^ mil to t!ie south southeast frmii the roiinilinv.» Tins is the most important place on Pussessimi Smiinl. It lies on the northwest side of damano Islanil, twenty se\en miles li\ miil iliaiinel ciiiirsc Irmn the smilliciii entrance of Posses- Kimi Soiiml. The channel to it through .S.iralojia Passaj;e averaues nearly two miles wiile. tho water is ileep, the shores are liohl. anil there are no known ilant;ers. The cliart is a ;;ooil ■iiiiilanco fur a vessel, liut the nsiiiil proceilnre is lor a \e>sel to lie lowed eithei' way ; nevertheless, we givo lieiewith short descriptions of the points, I'lc as hiuli np as Ptsalaily. There is a very extensive sawmill lucileil lieiv, capalilc uf a daily output of a hundrpd thou- Kimd feet of Ininher; tlieie is deep water cluse to the wharves, and capital |iiotection in all Wiaihers. Vessels reach il liy the soiiili eiiti.iinc to I'ossessimi Sound, ihrmiyh Port (iardner, mill Sarato;,'a Pa.ssa;;e to Puini DemocU. It is at the he.id ol the limail waters of the rfarato^ra l':i>saj,M' on the noithwest shore of Camaiio Island. Poiiii l>iiiiock is a Imiu ronmlinf: point form- iiii; the northwest an};lt' of the island, and I'lsalaily is alimit a mile and a ipiarter to the nortli- t'.ist from it, with the islet like liliitV of Point t'olncll he.irin- west, distant two and a third miles. In a stronji nortlu'Hy wind there is nu swell from the Inuad water towards the shores of tho (lilla of the iSinionamish Itiver, liecansc they are mostly Hats. Many det'ii ves.sels have loaded at Plsahnl.N with Inmlier ami spars lor the Pacilic Coast porta, "I'niiiiiiiiii'i'il Oi>(,-.siili-liili'-ili. 4. ' ¥ 1 t ! ' ^m-\ m (!i»2 rAriKic roAST pm-oi". lor tlic soi!!!> riU'ilic. Austnili:). Asiatic, and luiropoan poits. At one tiini' it tliil a ln^, tiH,,, 'vitli I'ranc*'. Tlio ajipmximato |,'f.);:rai>liical position of ', .saliidy i^ : '■'»"""''' I- ir.f iMMii,. '-""K'ii'Kl'' i-M mij' «,.>i. Till' majiiu'ti.- variation in .lannaiv. ISSC, was L"."^^ JS' oast, witli no annnal incriMsc. Oak Ilarltorauil Dnncan Hay aiv l«oha\son Wliiillicy I.slan.l at llit> northwest pan m' Sai;, to^Iii Tassac*'. Tlu'r<> is tln> town oC Oalv Ilarlx-r at tin' lu'ad of tin' lornicr. /•'>'( //-s /'..i/ir i> ,, liroail pcninsnla, one ami a liaif inilfs loii};, lying iM'twccn tin> two hays, ami stnii in . MMUhiu ■ast (S. Iiy I'..). Arcnnil tins Itroad point is shoal water, and l>noys have lieen placed Iim n.ililitii, Ktoani iKiats to .;., M it in lo;;j;y and smoky weather. I'OUIIKS I'dlM moY. The l)in)y olV the Forhcs Toint Shoal at the entrance to Oak Ilarhor has liceii iii.r>,ii lu,. luindretl \ards to the sonthward into I'onr fathoms of water, ami is now a aichh.' , '■;>v niuilim.n jiiiiiitiil ml. It is located l»y the followin;; liearin^s and distanct's: S.)lltll«l■^l tuilfjl'lll I.i I'(irl>rs I'dilit N, li> \V. i til ill'. I'liiiit I'oliml' m:. j i;. :! iiiiiir^. OAK IIAKIIOIS nniY. A hhirk simrbiioji ha.i lieen i>laced on the western side of the entrance to Oak ILiilmi. i .- alxMit one mile «est liy sonth one ipiarter smith (W. In S. | S.) fnnn the red In"-. ..ii loiir. Point. Odk Ilarhor l.iiihl is a //.in/ irliiti liijht, dioptric (lens hintcrnl, shown tVoin a uiiiii |i.isi nin' Iwt hinli. It is til'teer feet aliove the water, and is placed at the inner cml ot Ma.\ Im's >|.ii. «li, i, It Joins the lilntf. It is !;e|it on the stailtoard hand in entering;. Miii/I'ii's S/iil l.iijht is a tlxiil fid liiiht, dio|)tric (lens lantern), shown from a while pn-i > ).;1 feet h\\i\\. It is twenty live feel aliove the water. It is placed at the ,'\trcmil> ul Maslii - and is kept on the starboard hand in entering. SKAilir BAY. Shaijit /I'/'ri »• I'.utrtuur lUimjn. — Six spai' lino\ > have lieen placed to indicate the i li.i'iin I \\\ ;i> entram'c to Skajiit Kiver. SAlJAlOtiA I'AS.'^Atil'; {SIvAlilT I! A V ). — A I'l'Itd ACIIKS In lA 'dNMi;, AT rill'. .•<(il 111 !\!i:\N>i .s\\ INOMISII Sl.ol (111. /,(i Vimner l.ujht. — This is n li.nil while lii/lil shown from a lantern npun.i while \»'< hi;;h and twent\ li\e feel ahove the water. It is located on the vveslern point ol I In soiili.r i-:. most part of l'°idal;:o Island, abreast ot' Small Island, and about one .ind .1 hall iinle^ •> i!!i. oiu' <>■.■ ImkIi and si\ feci ai»o\e hl^;h watei'. It is placed on a low |MMiit inside of l he Hole in I In > ' on the east side of the channel. The point is covered at lH(,'ii watei. The li-lil i^ .i'" i eighths of a mile southward from La<'oniier. The approximate geographical position of this light is latilndc 1> L".." 41 ' north ;. i tude r_"_"^ :W (Ml' wc-t. (laUii»r I'oinf l.iijlit. — This \mi. fiurd ml liiiht shown fnnn a lantern upon a wliii feet high and six feet above high 'vater. Il is placed on Ihe starboard -itleof ll hai ing to I. a Conner) n|>on a low point of the main land, oneapiaiter ot a mile Iroiii I. a Cdii'p 1. .1 ; about tell feet from the edge of the channel. The pninl is <-o\ered at high tide. PACIKlr COAST riI,OT. 6o:? me it tliil .1 l.ii ^i' ti.ii 1- ir-i IK. nil. niial iiicnMsc. imrtliwcsi |i,ui 111' Sill I iriiuT. J-'iirl" s I'fiiii - , , :inil strf|rlir> sniilli 1.1 ict'll |il;l<'('il III rii.il.li'lli' or llilS IkM'II lliinnl V il M('(i/ii' r't.'.N.v uuii I l.\ \V. J mill'. . 'i K. :\ mill!'. (• to ();lli II. III". 1. I ' ■ till- led Im'"-. .'II r.'l'' ,11 lV(>i;i ;i "liilf I"".' il 111 of M;l\ liir>S|.il. win IVoin a wliili' I'.'-i ' .' Iiciiiilv of M;i.\l' 1 nlii all' till' < li.i'iiii 1 .It ■ I I iir, sol I II iM '■^' iiiM ,1 " liiti' i'"^' IMIilll 111' Ml. ^"iiil . <-'■' 111 ,1 lialf null'- ■ '"'•" II. I II iii"in a >v liii' l.i-lil to tlir 1 ■ ' iiiil. on a iix'l.v ; I iIh' Wall, aii.i ■■ II' Hill a \N liiii' )"'■■' ' ' llir Hull' Ml llli ' Tlir li;;lii !>•«'" ■ I.".." l\ ' liol-lli :. i I'll upon a ulnl- : "•>' """' I,. ,,(■ ilic'lninm '!i'i'''i 1.' tioin l.a Colli" i..iii'ii* uli titlo. ■ .■% LaCuHiur ChnnniJ r,uoiis.—i\\\ si ir liiio.vs liavc Itccn placcil to iinlicatc tlir cliamu'l to tlio town of Ka Coiincr, 111 aiiiliiion to tlio four Ntakc li;;lils. Kctiiniiiig iVom l'o,sst'.s.sioii Soiiinl we rcsiiim' llic (IcscriptioiLs si ith of I'oiul No I'oiiit. Al'l'I.l'; VMV.V. COVK. Six anil oin'»'i^.'litli miles .south forty ili-jiiocs fast (S. KP !■;,) from roiiit No Point i.-< a low point risiii;i lii'liiiiil to hi-liiT liroiiiiil, wliii'li is wooili'il. l'"roiii this poiiil tlii'ic is a soft miiihl.y tlat I'Mi'iiiliiij,' si'veral hiinilri'il \anls up tho sound, with };ooil water over il. l''roi'. live to twelve ralhoms of water anil siieky mini liotloin are foiii'ii fully Imlt n mile from the shore, ami a depth of six fathoms is eairied well iulo llie i'o\e, w hieli is loiiiiid liy a liroad reeediiij;' of the short' for nearly one mile to the wesiwanl. Tiie lieail of ihe eove is a mile and a half soiiili of the point, and \e.ssels may avoid adverse eiirreuts by aiiehorlii;,' on the iiiiidd\ hank. The head of the Itay 1.-- marshy; no fresh water was ohtainahle lure for the sliiji. Tli'' south shore of the eove runs almost east .southeast for a mile, and then I rends mure to the south tor one mile, to President Point. I'lieie IS very deep water close under the southern shore of this eove. It wa.s mimed by the I'nited States I'lxphimi^' I'^xpeditioii in IS'il, KDMINI) POINT. Directly ahreiist of Ai>|>le Tree Cove, on tlie east side of the inlet ^)i• sound, are two points, one and two thii'ds miles apart, north northwest and south soutlieiist from each other. The north- I'lii is I'Miniind I'oiiit, liearin;; south sixty lour decrees east 'S. (iP 1'',.) ei^lit and one third miles liom Point No Point, and north twelve de;;rees west (N. \~^ W.) eiulit ami two thirds miles from W isi Point Lij;lit hou.se. It is a i.:w. ronndiii}; jioint, with a lauoou inside its shores, and it makes out from the low, iiariow \ alley '.;el>! point 011 the ea.-t side of the .sound, one and a half miles south southeast fi'oin IMiiiiind Point, niakiii;; out fiom Ihe lii;;li liliilf hcliiiid it. There is a slight recession of the shore liclvM'cn the two poM>'s, ,ind the ten tailiom line is outside of the line Joiniii'; them, 1ml there is aiichora;;e in the bi;;lii, allhoiiuli contracted, an. I the chances are ^ood for fresh water at lii^'li tide. The thirty fathom line is close uinlci the pnint. ru'i'.siDKN r Piii\r and roixr .ii:I''I'M".i;son. On the west .side of the sound, and on the north side of the entrance to Port Madi.son. tlioro IS a line of moderalelv lii.;h. sti.iiulil. Mull •>h with the land rising heliind it and covered with lii'cs; It commcMces ,il Prcsideni Point. Ilir ml one liHh miles south thir;y one de;,M'ees east (S. :il ■ l';.| from .\pple Tree Point, and cnii> '.lies one mile .south southeast to Point .lelVcrson, when llie shore makes a sharji turn and runs ;o the wcsl-.southwest for more than tliiee miles. This siiiitliern face ol Point .letl'erson is a ! 'v hii..;hl clill in pi. ices. When alneast Point .leirer.son it shows Inoiu'ii whiti' dills decicaMii;; lo the niiilhwaiil and to the .southwest ward, and then from ilu' taller lisili^; an.lill. Sirctchin;,' broad oil the slmre hetweeii President Point and Point .letfcr- s.'ii for more than half a mile, there is a nine fatlmm b.iiik which alV.nds caiiital aiiehorat;e for ves- sels when drill in;; wilh li«hl airs and adverse ciirr.nls. Close iiiider the south side and ext ending; out to four and a half and ti\e fatiionis of water there is a compact ma.ss of kclji one-third of a mile lull;; parallel with the shore southwest and noitheasl. We d'seovered tliis hank in l.sr>ti. PliIiT MADISON. This IS a broad and deep reei>ssion of the western shore of the inlet. I'mh'r the north .shore It stretches in three miles \\esi southwest ; and 'I'lie iiortheni and western .shores are the mam rii^'^lh'i "4^'H ! , ! 'il! not I'Arinc COAST ni.oT. 'iBi M \r t .:M J"*" i llilof, Pnjri't Sonnil, nnd Hood's ("aiiiil. Tin- soiitli shore is llic iiortluTii limit of I'.iiiilniil-,. IsIuimI. Tlii'if IS (lcc|i \\;it<'i- tiiroii;;lioiit tliis laij;*' l»av. laiiKinfi ti'oin i'ij;lit\ latlioiiis ;it il. v,„.i|, Oii-st jtart to twenty tathoins at tiie iiortiiwest part, Imt tlicTe is a iiarniw liaiiii stielcluiiL; nhr iml,. Noutii (if Point .lelfiison witli tiftceii latlioiiis of water, saiiiiv liottoiii. I'oiiit .letVeisoii is ilie iiortlieast point of the entrance anil has aheadv heen (h'sciilii d. Ti ,. Ko'itliea^t jioiiit is a hiw. narrow, saml sjjit cnrvini; inward Iroin tlie outer sliore to the "i-ni,(i,|. and nierel.N onllvini: the elllls one littli of a mile. This is I'oint Monroe. One mile we-.| ;i!li\\i>i from I'oiiit Monroe tlieic is the nariow entranee to a nalnr.d deep canal, upon which, in iiill\i(\v fmni the I'ort. are situated the I'oit Ma lnviiy narrow eiitiauce to l'( ii Orch.ird. The north shores ofihe l>av are broken white <'IilVs and inlerveiiint; low lie;i(lies. I lif \\i>i. iTii face is moderately low l)rif;ht elitVs, with the white liuildiu},^s of the Indian roci \ ati.Mi m ilic southwest aiif^le at the entrance to .\).'ate I'assai;e, The south shores are liridieii clilfs. i\i'r|it jt the entrance to the I'ort M.idison docks. A j,'real hulk head is heiii;,' niaduallv puvjicd nut mi liu east .'^ide of this coni lacted and short arm, which penetrates ahont one and a half iiitl<"^ id iIh' south s(Uith\vest. The -iictt mills are half a mile inside the n..itheast iioint of the i iiii.hmc, «;i|i \ciy ample wharf f.icilities, and mooiiny; dolphins tor vessels to haul out to. The cliaiiinl \\;[\ \s nariow and c.iriies thirteen t"eei of water. Outside the entranee to this inner pnii ihcwuicr deep«'ns to lifteeii fathoms in less than half a mile, except to the west s( utliwest, w lieie lie i, i>,i Imi;' spit with oiilv III II teen to eighteen feet of water upon it for three and o le eighth miles from i l.i .sh n.. The oiiiput of liiinlier from these mills is very larj,e; they have a daily caii.icil.v of omi uuf liundred and tweiii> fi\e thousand feet. Port Madison is the county seal of Kitsap f'ounty. of which the iioimlation is ahom i«u ihn'i hand liM' hiinilied : and the assessed \a1ue of the propeit.x one and a half million doll,ii>. The iKUth and west shores of this hay are Indian reservation. univ oir roiNT munkok. It i-^ a hhich hiiin/. placed Just ont>ide the Ihree-faihoni bank, which makes out iioitli nne ivhih of a mil.' from the \,,\\ s.ind.\ hook of Point Monroe. Very shoal water is carried oni \, i\ ii,.iil\ to the three fiilinm line, and then the dc|ilh incieascs to ten fathoms in titty yards and Im mcniy fathoms III two hundred >aiil>. From lhi> l>iio.\ we h.i\e ilie foUowinfi bearin;;s and distances to prominent ohjeeis: Chll ;il 111.' li..til,.jM ■•iilniiirr t.i Ihr liarl.i.r S\V. i W. ? iiiili'. Line t.) rlrar Miks ell til'' iiIkivi' t llll WSW. .' lull.'. rlill 111 r...iil A^ale ■\V.HI, I a inii.'^ r..inl ,1.11. r,.iii Nl'> 1' -i '"'I'"*' Taiii-'iit t SoTiiliiMsi fhtl, I'.. lilt M..iir...' ■'^I- ' ■"'■ I ""''•• WrM l'..iMl l,i-lil-li"ii-' '^ '" '•• ■'■ "lil'x. The buoy was ii'iiioved in .l.iiiiiarv, ISS.S, I'oint Miiinn,. .\,ir l.,.,hl.— \ lens lantern showini: Afitld rcii Uijhl is silspelid.'d (ion, .1 .villi,' IM.st ei-ht.'.'li led hi^li and about iw.iitv live feel abov.- the level ol the sea. It i- pl.i.v,! .m M,,' spit of Point Moiiioe. about ten feet inside of hifih water mark and one hnndied .ind lin> \;iulrt from tiie low water eii.l of the spit. I'lom this li;;lit West Point I.i-ht hou.se bears !•:. U S. ;>.. distant tour miles, 'litis liy:lit was liist exhibited March I."i, iss!t. Prom Point .Iclbrson we ha\e the tollowin;,' beaiin-s .iiid .liMances to imiiortaiit ol I-: S. Ill I'.. .'.^ i,,,li'.», \\\\''_ s. :t:i i;. ■J-.'ii,el.- s 'ji !■'.. im iiiii.- s. l.i \v. ','5 i„il.v.. W.sl I'.. 11, 1 l.,j;lilll.>il».' KiiliiiiHon I'liiiil 1. 11^1, 1 liiiii'..H.-Tliet'oriveted Ivstablishmenl. or mean interval between ih.tiMMOi iii.' •noon's mendi.m transit and the time of liiuh w,iter.is \VI'' Hi-. The avera^;e rise of InJi «..lir above the pl.iiie of reb-reiiee of the chart is tell and one teiitli b'et. To obtain the time and height of exery tide throil-l he Near, consult the r. S. (',..4 .iml (Je«Mletlc Snive.N i'lde Fables for the Paeilie I'oast. The p'oKniphieal position of the north end of the mill at Port Madison is: , , , , 17 ir .".T" ni'illi. Lain mil' , ., , I'.".' !!■ r.i ».,! I, llll L' 1 1 ml.' ^•1' III'" iiT-.:t. Of, III lllUV • rit limit of HiinluiilM,, ly f;itlM)iiis ;il ilii' v,,;,i|, ailk sticlcluii;; iilic iiiilc V liccii (li'sciiliiil. Tl;,. sluirt- In t 111' \M'>iu,ii,|, )iM' iiiiii' \\t"-l >.iiitli\\,.s| llHiIl wliicii. Ill lull view t ol' tlic lt:i\ is ;lir \ci\ (1\V ln':icll('S, 'i'llc H|.>1. lliliMII Ii'sci \ ;llln:i III till' lu'okcii ('iilV<, ('\n |it ,it IlUlll.N lillslin! nut Mil till' llllll A IimII Illill'^ In till' lit (if llic fiili.iiii 1', »iih 111. Tlif (■liililiul \v;i\ i> Ills illUl'l' llciM till' HMli'l •est, wIlCll' lllrlc Iv.l lull;' lilli tnilt's I'liiiii 111 >|i ly cMitiicilN of n\i'i mil' iitioii is 111 t I wii lliii'i- I' liiilUdn •iull.ii''. \kt'S (Hit IlOllll nlii' il^lllh ('Mil ii'ii mil \ II \ iiiji- tl> \:inl.s iiikI I" nu'iii;, iiiiK'iit (ilijccis : ii \V. » mil-'. ; mil Ii mil 'H. •Ji mil 'S. I nnl K. 't- mi rS, .iispciiilci! Iroiii a «li '■ M'M. it is lililC'l "'I ■ liniiilii'il .nil! Ill' I lllsl' llcMIs I!. Ii\ '^ , "■ ■ iiii|iiirl;iMl iiliji'il^; i:, .1^ inili'f. I . •,'■.'1 lllilri. I'.. Illi MIlll'N. \\ . 'Ji mill'* ll.'IWCl'll lIll'tiMil'lirllK' TIM,, i-isi' lit ll> '' «''Iil Milt III.' r. s. c.'-tn^'i II is : r, ir ..:" i ii ::{■ r.i ».-(. I' 111"' iir-.:l. I'AfJI'K.' (.'OAST nU)T. (JU5 III .laiiiiary, I.SS.-., tin- ma^'iictii! vaiialioii was L'jo in-ast, and (lie aiiiiiiai iiicR'asi^ alimit one niiiiillc. IN.rl Madisdii was iiaiiu'd liy tin- United States Exiiloriii;,' Kxiieditioii in ISll. Tlio Indian iKiiiii' is Ndosoii'kiini. nAiNiiniri(!K, island. This island lies in a deep l>if;lit of tiic (iicat I'cniiisula, and ils casicni sliorc, forms tlic west- I'll! sidi- of llio iiiici or sound dirccliy alncasl West roinl ami Diiwamisli I!ay. Tin nil shore l;iiiiis till' south side of Poll Madison. Ii is a little over iiiiie miles loiiy; iioilhwcst, hy iioilli and three and a half miles wide. It is modeiatcly liiyli, lias .some liijih liliitl's alonj; the eastern slioic, hilt this is liroken li\ several indentatiniis formiii.i; anelioia,;;('S and liarliors. At the iioilli end is the location of tlie Port .'Madison mills, al'i'ad,\ mentioned. The siirfaee is covered with tho usual nniwlh of Drejioii pine. altlioii;;li iniicli eiit out liy the Inn-Meis. To the westward of the i.slaiid is a. loii^' sound, whieh, with its arms, is nearly thirty inihs ion- ^iiid about ono mile wide, with ii};(iod depth ot "vatcr close to tho .shores. This is Poi t Orchard. roirr (ikciaud. This is tlio tliirtoeninile Ion;,' sound on the west side of l>ainl)ridj,a> I.slaiid. It has anavera;;-e width of one mile, with a narrow and stiMi;;lit entrance from Pint, Madison on the north, and Ihe I'liioked oiitraiKH' on the south known as Picli's I'assa.nc. Once inside the suiind llie iiavi^jatorean sec no dire(it outlet, and it looks like a Iiiiii lake. The shores ortlic sound are i .oderately low and eovered with Oregon piiio to the eiln;c. The usual entrance was l>y Ihe A-ale J'as.sa;;e from the southwest aiiyle of Port Madi.son. Tliischannel is soinewlial croidicd, liiit il has three and four fathoms of water in it. On the west- ern side of this entrance are some w hile iialclies of lieacli, formed liy clamshells. Iloth sides of the enliance ar(^ Idiitls. Vessels not well acipiainted with the channel must enter under easy sail and keep ii lead K'*i"rl •'" eat^li side of the xcssel to ascerlain where thedeeiiest water lies. After ^'I'lliii;;' thi'oii;;li t;ive Ihe ])()iiit one mile oil' llie western side a lierlli of nearly half a mile to avoid .1 slioal which makes out east from it. Th< me iL is plain sailing; in lit'teen to IwcnlytlM'. fathoms lit ua'icr. After passinj; the liist point on llie west an arm opens to Ihe iinrlhwest, and many ves- sels lia\i' loadeit lliiie with spars. Ten iii;les up the suinliern cliaiinel is another arm, live miles Inii^, stretcliin;; to the wcsliioi ill 1 n-ide. this limly of w atei is iri'e;;iilar in shaiie, and the limad liasiii is known as Dye's li i the southern arm as Ostrieli Pay. Tin? depth of water r.iii;;i's from three to seventeen fatlini ud .it Ihe upper liasin are fon hI lieiUdf oysters. A very exleiisive steam saw-mill was erected on tins arm Imt was hni;; siiiet Imnu'd down. In coming; out of Poll Orchard vessels should not trust il -oiilhern entranci'. lii -li's Passa;;e. hut lea\i' as ;he> entered. We worked tlildU;;li the soiitlniii p - s \»itli Ihe -inv.yili;; luiy I'liiiHtitvmi and lonnd il a risk,\ nndertakin;;. The wind iiia> leave llie vessel o:- lie. id her niV at aii\ mnineii;. The eliart w ill ni\(' all the iiifoinialion neeiled alioni the direction and il |ilh niihr water. (Sci^ icmai ks under " lo'stoiaumi Point.") To olitain the lime and Inmhl of e\eiy tide throughout the .\(',ir, consult lln^ U. S. Coast and (icodeiic SiirxcN Tide Talili - lor llir Pacilie Coast. Sim sItiit.K I!A\. The eastern side of the inlet or sonml iliieclly alircast of I'.ainle ie Island has a sharp, low, project in;; point winch reaches iieail\ a mile into the clianiiel Ih-ui , lie ;;ciieral trend of the shore. Si ill III ipf it iIh' shore leads into Dnwamish Pay ; north of it lie ■ • i>a liroad shallow l)i;;lit sliclcli in;; two and a (iiiailir aides iiuilhwaid to Meadow Point. The shore of this northern stretch re cedes Hi Ihe eastward alioiil li.ilf a mile, .inil near the middle it is liroken liy the Shilxlinlc ('ml,-. wlmh ilrains I'liion Lake three miles to the eastward and cIcmii and three lonrlhs feel alioxcllic lii^h water mark of the sound, .l/uc/n/r I'oiiit is a small, low, ;;rass\ point, with a marshy lapioa inside, and higher ;; I onnd I isi 11 M' hell icd thai ; and low hi nil's to the north and south, some hri;;'lil and hiokcn, others covered with alders, etc. West Point is low. and ;;rassy. and sandy, with marsh inside, and has the Li;;ht lioiistMipon tlit^ extremity riider the hiokcn elilVs liclwecn lln^ Shilshole Creek and West Point the low water heach is shingle, hut outside of three lalhoms the holloni is siick.\. On the line hetwecii the two points llie depth midway is Iwciity live fathoms, dr.eetly ahreasl the opening of Ihe creek. One third of ()(<;( If" I li !^ i; r. « ^ , cod TACIKIO COAST IMI.OT. II] :v milo iiisith- this liii(> is tlu' tliroo-fatlioin curve. Tli<> slioal wiitor iimki'soiil fiirtlicsl :il ilu mhhiI, of tilt' 1 rock. Two tVtl ciiii ln' fairii-d iiitu tlio iiioiilii of tliis siiiiill .sircuiii at low watn. AiicluMa;;t> uia.v bf had in SliilshoU' Hay in litt«'«'ii t'athoiiis of wat.T ovor saiid.v luiii.uii, mhi, tli'C I.i^lil hiiiisc beat ill;; soiitli distant thrco Ibiiitlis of a niih\ Thi'H« is a j,'o(id aiiihoragii ill M'voii to t''ii fatlioms about two liniidn'd and rdly \;ihl> i;,,;:i shore bclrti't'u West Point and Siiilshoh' t'rct'k, and piod protfction from soutlu'a.sl(i>. It has bt'cn proposed to I'xcavatc a idiaiiind from tiic sound to I'liion Lake, and iliu> li.ni' v safi' port III frosh \val«'r. liin-ally this bay is known as Sahnou l>ay. Tor tides see U. S. ( nasi ami Ueodt'tii; Survey Tido Tables. T'iK WEST I'OINT I.KillT-nOUSE. This T-i^ht is on the jiointat tlie northwest pailid' Diiwainish ISay. It is a h)w, f;iav>\.s,iiiilv point; stretches a quarter of a mile from tlie gently risiiij; ;troiuid immeibately ImIijihI ii, inil eoNficil with Jar^ti stra^),'lin;j pines. The soul li shore of the point lies east and west, a in I ihc ninili shore iiorthea,st by east. The fjreater part of the point is taken up by niiirsh, with an ci|m nini; i,. the sound on the nortli shoi-e. The three-fathom eiiive is tinly one hundred and lifly sahU (him,!,. the point, and the bottom drops away rapidly to twenty-live and thirty fathoms of u.iii-t n, ;i ijuarter rii are black. Tht^ illuminating app.iiatus is of the fourth order of the system of I'li-snel, and \\;is liM exhibited N iveinber l.">, ISSl. From sunset t,. sunrise it slio.vs w jUishimj lujUt^nUirndttUi ndnivi irhitf crtii/ ten uniinilx. In October, IHS."), we tiineil tlie light as follows: While Hash tm ihu.mI a half seconds : eclip-ic six and a half seconds; red tlash two and a half seconds ; eilqiM ,m\ scc«inds ; and repeat in same order. The height of tlie focal phuie is t wentyseven feet above the mean level of the sea, ml iimlii favorable conditioiw ..f the aliiios|)heiv slnndd be m-cii at a distance often and a (|iiailei mili-. riie geographical position of the Light house, as giveu by the U. S. Coast and (ndiliin Survey, is : I,atitii.U> 47" -M' 4:i".;t n.iilli. l..iUKitmle l"-iv -JC. Wi'.X W.St. Or.ii.liim- '■'■ y ••l'-^- The Light is therefore only one and a half seconds west of San l-'raueisco. TIIK F<)(iSI(iNAI. AT WK.ST POINT. The fog-HJgnal striu'ture is a w(M>deii luiilding, one-story high, i»aiiited wliite, willi 1 I'"" rf. It stands alHini tweiil> \ards in the rear of the Light house. The steam fog-signal is a I > ilioll trumpet, which is sounded during thick and foggy ui.iil'i it gives IiUiMh itf tire kiihihIs (liinition, irith itttirntls «f tirtaiu.s. DUWAIWISH BAY. On the eastern side of the sound and under the south side of West Point. Dnwaini-h I- opens with a width (d' live and a third mile.-, . ontracts rapidly -o two and a third miles l-ili n.i the th ami south shores, and then c.mtinnes with that «id.;i for two miles, to the vAi:< oi n extensive Hats at the month of the Duwainish Uivcr. The entrance to the bay o|-en> Im-.ni.i to the northwest and lies directly abreast Kagle ll..rbor and Blakely Ilarb.M, whicli are m, 11. west side id' the sound. . This broad sheet of water is important as forming the harbor of Seattle, a town nv in. 1 ■ gruwu with laruu coiuuiercial ami productive iuti-rests. tllC'st III llir iiHUlll, w watn. *aiul,V ImiII.iiii, Mill, ml liCly ,\ ;ili|> II, ,111 u'a>li'i>. c, ami Ihii- liii\(. n SCO U.S. Coa.slaiiil low, Ki':i-->.s.liiily tcly lii'liiinl n. iiinl west, ami I lie nnrlli with an i'^m iiin;; i,, . lifly \aiiN hum,],. lotns (if u.iii-r ill ;i I' Ilarliiir, ;i l.l:;lit. ami tfii ni lui'hi. , and the iliiiiii' aiiil I'siH'l, ami \v;is lir.sl , illhrililti Ul ml iiiui (• Hash I'm t«ii , !i(| 't'omis ; i'rh|iM' ,M\ tlu' st'a, iii'l mull! a In-irMl'i} i)r, which all- I'll i'" f, ih town wiiiitilM- i!» fi I 9 ,1 If 'I 4l'.r' v.-'--* .-> "iiif^^A-'^ Muui.t H*ii...r, U.44J fret. iV miU-s. \V.Hi l'..ii,t 1.1^1,, h„UM., Ii,m.r> r„„, I'll;;!'! Siiund. l>"l|'tiii. INiiiil. Viv,l,..ii Wand. '■"^'« l';..si-,.. UfHl..M||„„ I-, ''""" Va-,lMiii. IIIhK,. IsIhii.!. rr*X: ''km^MLu ! ■•irit .lrU.i«.„ „,.,,., J |.,.,M,.N\V.I,j N IN ,;i},„,|..H J'UK<'1 S.iiiii.l. MiiKhr, l(.«, l„.,n.|, 1,1,1,1 ! 'I m':'' A :■' ■■ ' " I'Acii'k; cuam' I'li.oT. 607 BATTKUY I'OINT. • Tlip Roiitli point of Hie ciitriincc In Diiwaiiiisli r.a.v is r.attcn I'oiiil, wliicli is live and a third mill's M.iilli iwciil.v (■iKiitth'jiivcNcast (S. l'.st ]■).) rn.in Wcsi I'oiiit l.ijilitluMisc, lilifail.v dfhcrilx'd. A> sct'ii Irniii tlir iHHthwcst Just \iv\o\v icaclijnM' \V,.,,| I'l.jnt, lialliT.v roiiil issfcii as a iiiodcratL'l.y lo«. ban-, ni-aiiy Hut topiMMl 1 iiid, witli a st('c|. clitV sixty fnt lii};li towards tin- watiT, and ii slinrl. !i>w pdiid ontside of it, wliicli is tiic ivai point. Inside of tin- ciiriimsly siiaprd nioiind tlnTu is, I low neck willi lai}.'cstia;;^'Iin',' pint- trees, and licliind this llie land a;;ain rises. When .seen I'roin the Mintheast beyond Hraee Point the .same eiiaiaeteristies are .seen witii one lone pine trunk stand- iij;; in the niidtlh^ of the ;4eiitly shipin^ .snrfaee of tin- mound. This tree shows now only tho bare trunk; formerly it was a ;;ood nnuk. On the north side of liattery I'oint a ve.ssel am-horinH; in twenty fatiioins of water over sandy Ih.iKiMi can nut have a ^neater .seope of chain than thirty-live fathoms without l)ein;r too elose to tlie shore. When we aneiiored there in lliirteen fathoius ami veered to twenty-five fatlKUnsof (•li;iiii, the vessel's stern was in two and a hall' fathoms of water. The lieaeh is smooth and verj- iv;:alar, beinjj composed of sand and uravei. From Battery I'oint wi- inive the followin^r bearing's ami distances to iniportiint objeet.s: r<)illl I'llll.V (Mi tllK caHl Nidriil llu' Snilllil » nil I tiller I'ullll jll<ii:il N. •.<: \V. .-.ii iiiilcM. lUiltitij I'oint l.Kjht. — ,\ Jinil irliilt liijlil, lens laiilein. has been suspended from an arm on a ttliile post, wiiich is twelve feet lii;;h. The I. intern Is about lil'leeii leet aiiove sea level. It is sit- uairil ten yards from hi};hwater mark, ami about seventeen \ards from the low-water entl of the spit. it is live and a tpiarter ndles R. '2'J- K. I'lnm tlie West Point Light-house. It was established December I'J, ISST. Ihitrdinixh Hay, cdnHnucd. — On the south side of thehijih, wooded blulVcomineiicin;;Just east of West I'oint there is a loll};, bright, horizimlal cut. which is half way bet ween the water and the top: it IS a ^ood landmark. This biulV is mimol Ma^iioiia Kiulf, ami it makes a loiid, ri undiiid' sweep Ibi' one and aipiarter miles to the southeast by east from the Lij;|il house. It reaches nearly foui' liiiiidred feet elevation, ami continues with decreasinji height for one ami three t'iniiihs miles nearly east to a sharp recession of llie sluue, which makes in to the northward for tlireel'ourth.''. of :i mile. This recession t'orms a moderately wide cove, liaie at low water, called Smitli'ii Cure. I'lider the foot of Maf^iiolia MliitV ami tliree eij;hths of a mile southeast from its hi}.diest break, tliric IS a larjie fjranite, erratic bowlder inside the low-water line, and locally known as the Four- Mill h'ltck. The broken Idntf abreast this rock is two . iindred ami twenty feet hij;h,aud the land bcliiud it rises to nearly four humlred feel, 'fliis loii'; blutf was named .Mayiiolia IJlnir in l>S.">ti. from the western side of Smith's Cove tiie .-liore tui three miles, to Seattle, is near y strai};ht, ami runs east-southeast. It is comparatively low, but the land behind rises rapidly to the top of the ridfje iietween this bay and ITiiion Lake, the extreme liei;j;ht bein;;- four hundred and forty feet. After roundini,' West I'oint a vessel keeps about half a mile otf the northern slaue, and the [gem'ial etuir.se to Seattle is east by .south, and the distance is live and a tpiarter miles from the I light on West Point. DfWAMISII IIKAD. f Oil the south sliore, inside of P.attery Point, li'.s Duwamish lload, which is distant therefrom I one and .seven ei^'hths miles north iwentynine dej;rees east (N.LMI i:.i. and four and a half miles i Htiuth forty seven decrees east (8. -IT' K.) frmu West Point Li;;hl house. The shore between Hat- iteiy Point and this head i.s nearly straight, with deep water close under the sIkuc for half the dis I • Nil (I liy llio t'. S. CoiLst .>. Thi' llii^'llsli Adiiiiiallx (iKirl, N... I'.Hl, willi .imivcIhmis li. |-';.'>. .alls ItliiH Kolirrt's I'.iint, allliDiiKh tli>'i'' is Hh' numk' iiaiiiv at the iiioiilh i iliiir miles,..! wjiirli ili.. |ii>| iinli. h ,, ,|,,, . water to tile ril;:i ot llie liioati Hals at llu' lliolllll ot till' 1 uel, 'I'lie hea.l it ..li IS .sleep, altoiil tliiei' limi. lied and t weiil.v teel lii;;li, and llie siiiniiiil i |,.mm.K eoveied with III.' tt|e;;ii|i iijiie. 'I'lic western side ol I lie liead is liioUeii In a liei;.'lil ot lu.. I, iii.lnil and nixt\ feet at llie lii;.'lies| point, and two liiindnd I.et at lliee\treine p I. On the iiim.I,. jii,> \er\ steep, l.lll not Im.kell t'.H a ipiarler of a mile. 'I'he l.e.ieh at low walei stletelhs .u.l niii.. I I ;■ hill of a mile to the lim lli noilhwesl. when Die sh.. il waler Is ( iinliiine.l U. ihe three lalh'.iii liii,.. whiih Is si\ hniiilii'il \,ii.|s from the lilniV. ; hen lli.' .Iiop lo i.veiilv l.iihoins is within I v.i|ii,i died ami litl.v >.il.ls. \l..ii- the e.isl l.iee ..f lli.' Iilnll llie water is\el.\ deep .lose in slioie, I ml,, 1 1 aslei II siile (it the head Is ihe i.iH II 111 /'c, , yi.nV. with .in e\lensi\e saw mill ami w li.ii i.i ,. |,i, i; it it's. Si \ ell el-hlhs ii| a llille llisl.le the lie.i.l Is .1 small sellleinelll. e.lileil O'I'oniioi. VM'liili ll„- «)llti-r cd^e of tlie j^re.tt lial.s. IIYlUJOlii; AIMIV Ol' DtWVMI.^II Il.VY. k.: ^ Tlie di'ptli of water inside the points of eniiaiiee is a lillle more ihaii one liiimlred fillmiis, o\ei iniidd; Imltom. ( >ii t he liiie .leriss the l.,i\ liiiin l>iiw .iliiisli lie. id iioitli iiorlliwesi lliiiiiiil eh.iniiel di'|illi is ei^lilN liM' l.ithnmN. ami from Diiwamish lle.nl i.. tiie slmie nol tlilioi I lii'.i>i iiii iler the WesI side of Si '.III le llie ileplll is .seVelilN lalilollls. W llh liold W atel close In the slmir. I Ml M.i^ nulla I il II It the thiie tall 101 1 1 line is one ei;.;hlli of a mile olf shore, oil the western p:iil nl llir tow II ol' .Seattle il is iinl\ olie hill 11 1 led \ lids d I si a lit. I hi' ^'elieral ehaiaeter of the hot In in 1- !|i|;,i. e\eept to tlie siiiitliwest of iMlwamisii lie, id. r.llt till' siiiilliea'ael n pill III III.' Ii.i>, and ^mit iie.ist III' a line two miles Ion;;, iliauh ii. ' point thiee t.iiii tlis ii| a mile sunt h soul lieasi trom I)iiwaiuish Head to the sniiihia-i jmiIi Seattle, llieie i.s a \i'i\ exteiisiM' mild thit fioiii one lo one and a half miles lii'oad, I'm iiiiii'.' Mm deli.i rt' the I >iiw .iiiiish Ki\ er. Tlie fifteen lat lioiii line is less than two h 11 ml red \aiils miNiili iW edy:t' ot tins till, w lii.il IS iiaie .it l.iw w .ilei . 'rinte 1- an e\t''ll>l\e s\sli m .if wliaiMs III the I'Mell.led frolita;.'!' of .Sealtle, ami sl.ii,, In , . and \ i-sseU ui' diiei'l 1\ there lo ills. Ii.il ;:.' .iml load. I lii'se w hat \ es lea.h out lotliiir .iii.l hii.i l.illioms I.I water. \ essels aiieliol III;; olV the low n liml t he liesi ;;ro|iii.| ae.ll the soill liel ii |< 11 k! the l.iW n. w iii'le a depth of Ii flee II In IWelit\ fathoms iiM'l lllllddv lint 1 1 nil i' full lid Ion I liir •!•' ! \ aids miisiile the w ii.ii \ es. It .Irops nil sii.il It'll Is liom lit teen lath. mis. \\ hell a sailing vessel is ;.'i'iiiii;,' under wa\ liiiiii h.'i anilioraj,'.' olf .S.'altle the iisii.il sinii.; w iml ..impels tin- tilst tai'li to tlie s.iiitliwaid tow aiil> 1 1 1;;e of I he ;;ie.il mild Mat. Ilrl'.- hi;;ii water this li.it .an not lie disl iii^ii i>hi d, .iiiil llie le.i.l liiiist lie kepi ;:olli;:. Wlieli a .1. jilli 'I litlei II lalhoins is stiiiek a vessel must j,'ii .ilioiil, lor the water shoals to three talhoiiis \ii\ v.ii lieiiiv , ami k. I'liilin nil wniiiil Minn In in;; her up on Ihetlat. If the eiirniil lie elili, vessels Imiiii nut III the sniind sliniihl slaii.l Well iiitii till' iiilel : ,iml if liniiml up the s. nihil, Nhollld wml, ilo^ under aiel arniiii.l l>uwamish Head to llalli'i.\ I'oiiit. I f 1 lie .111 rent he liood, vessels IhiiumI > ui of the inlet shoiil.l w.ii k iindi'l till' north slnne and iIom' In West I'miil ; if liniiml up tlie m. 111 il. Iiie\ shniild wnrk iiii.li 1 the iiorili .slioii' alioiit tliie ' ami a half miles, 1.1 Ma;;iiolia I'oiiil, .a !.■ Mi' I'.iiii Mile lloik, or until they eaii leteli well elear nf I'.aiterv I'miil. If ealiiis prevail, Il - • e III p|ii\ I'll to tow Vessels 111 or out. I he 111;; s.i \ lie I h rnllL; ll.illl till' .Sniinil is (rnn,l. Ii(lis(tt Sriittl<.—'\'\u' times and iii'ij;liis ol I he tides are verv irre;,'iil,ii. Iml eaii he enini'ii'": appliivimatelv fiolli the tahle -iveli mi tlie 1 h 11 t nt Se.ittle llailioi. 'Hi.' slioi lest mil lii"! !- ' inii-nlt the annual imlilieatioii of the l. S. Coast ami ( leodetie Siii ve.s tide tables Inr 1 li. I' .. ("oast. DfWAMISlt IMVl'IJ. ^ M } This is a nioderatelv lar;.'e stream lieadin- in tlie i'.ise.ni.' i;an;;i' of .Mi)iiiitaiiis, and riiiii' n-'. p'lieiai iiini>i' to llie nnilhwesi. to Hnwamish l;.i>. .\ liilinl.irv from the iiorlli drams lii.' \'' sive hikes. \\ asliin;;liili and S.immamisli ; and in its valievs and at the lakes there li.i . ■"' ih'Velop.'.i iMi'iisiM' deposits nf e.i.il and lion. The wlmle eoniill.v is well wooded. The ;;ri.'i m • Mats at the head of Itiiwainish ihi.v are loriiied trom the .sediiiieiits liioii;;lit down liy tins r ■! ^W^^m liicaillli. At tl). Ill, tlir IllX mill- li.i^ ill I llir sllllllllll is jMivK ,1 lii'i^'lil III' I vvii li imliiv Hill, ( hi till' l!l->'{ '(iiiiiin . vv I'liiii il III iiiH' lininli'i'il I'.itliii,! < until limlllNM'Sl H' I: lliil't' Mill Ill-lliUilii 1- cliisi' III llir slmi. 1 1 II tlic wi'siciii |':iii 111 ; Icrol I III' liiillinii 1- '!":■! lllirs Inn;.', ill ,iu ii li"!; ;ii till' >iillllit';i-l |< III ' llllirs lirmiil, I'm iiii:i.' llllilli'il > iinls MilNili : SimIIIi', mill sir. Ill !ii I'll mil III I lllrr ,il"l t iitsii tlif .sonllit'iii I' I' III i^ t'miinl f'iini liir >!' HMllIC till' IISll.ll ■ N' :ii'.il iiintl llnl. ii .'oili;.', Wllt'li :i '!' : ' tliri'i* liilliiiins \i ' • III lie I'lilt, vcs.sfl ' si)Iiii(1,hIioiiM \n<" ' lliiml, Vfssi'is liiiii t : it' liiiiiiiil ii|i ill' M:i;;iiiilin I'oilil. "i cilins lui'vail, iIm I. ll IS JJIlOll. 1,11', hill ran In- I'l.nii'ii' 111' slimli'.st nirlh"! '■ lull- lalik'.s Im tin i ■ I'ACMl'If! (•OA.'^T I'lLOT. SKA'i ri.|.;. (ioy Tlii.s ifl flio miinl-y soat of Kin;; Cminty, ami lias a |iii|inliiliiiii nf aliont fifteen flioimand pro- i,|i'. Tiic iiKliisliifs art' varied, einlnaciii},' the ;,'ieiit Imnliei' siipiilies, ciul, iion, ,s|ii|i.l)iill.si one linndred and twenty lour million feet of roiiKli and dre,s,seil liiiiilier. There aie tietween forty and fifty steam-hoals of various sizes wliieh lielon;; to this port, iiid the ocean steamers make Mieir reMiilar eonneetioiis ; iheie Is mil I'mmeelioii thence to Oie^jon r~ ■ . .here Is mil I'mineclioii thence to Ore^jon mil the east. The city of .Seattle reaches the shores of l,:ike Waslnnuloii, which is less than two miles from Piiwamisli l!ay. This lake is .sixteen miles Ion;; ami two miles wide. The aiMii university is situated in Seattle. The town of Seattle was attacked Ity a small tiody of Indians in lS."i."), hut the assault was ii'pelled hy the Knited States steamer Mnssiii liKut lis. On the Ttii of . I line, fs.Sit, the whole of the hnsine.ss pari of .Scat lie was destroyed hy lire, hut ^iii'h is the activity of those of the ;;reat coiiiinereial, iiiinin;;. and imliistrial interests of this (tit,, III, It the destroyed part is hcin;; hiiilt up in a much nmre siihsliiniiiil imiiincr lliaii hefore. />i/«v(Hii.v/i />'(/// was called l''Jlioir,s l;,iy h\ thel'niled .Shites I'Aplorin;,' I'Apedition ill ISJl, hill the present name is that hy which il is invaiiahly known, and was adopted I'loin the iiaimt of I he tiihe of Indians inhahilin;; its shores. The iiaiiie of the town is dcrivi'd I'roin that of tlie(;hiitf, .Seal tlh. .S'A'(//' I'oiiit.* — This is the tirst point, tlnrc and onet'onrth miles south of Point .Monroe, on tlio west side of the sound. It is dircell\ ahieasl of West Point l,i;;lil house, wlicn^ the channel is tuo and three Ion rt lis miles wide. The poinl is nioderalel.N hroad and rmindiii;,' and projects fully half a mih^ into the channel. It is low at the water line and rises i'cy;nlarl,\ to a ridu'c to the west- waid; the hliitf to the northnortliwesi is sleep and di r.ilcly lii;;li. The water olf the point is i{iiit«« hold. I'nder the Nonth shore of this point is M iiiilens ( 'o\ e. Miirdfiis Cure* — This is a wide recession of the wcsleiii slioie of the sound, just under SkilV Point; the shore sweeping; to the sonlhwesi lor ncarlN a mile and llicii soiilhcasl hy south for a mile and iv half, to Yemoalt Point. The iiniihwcsi slime is low ; the south shore has steep clay clill's. The inner ]iart of the cove has slmal water, hill inside of llie line of the two points there is ,iiicliora;;e in ten to lifttM'ii fathoms. Yiiiioiilt I'liint is the soul liein point of Mnrdeiis «'ove and lies on the west side of the sound, two and sevenfi^dilhsniiles south thirty de;;rces west (S. :;o W. i I'loin West Poinl l,i;:lii lioii.siv It is a low point with p'litly risiii.;;- land heliiml il. The clills to ilie nmlliwaid ami .southward are iiiodeiat«'ly lii;;h and hrokcn. There is deep waler oil' ilie point. I'.iiilh: lliiilitir. — This IS a narrow, deep imleiitallmi of one ami tin ronrllis miles into tlio eastern shore of I!aiiiliridy;e Isl.iml, and on the wcsicrn side of ilie smind. It opens directly towarils Dnwamish May. .\t Iheinmiili.lheeiilraiice is haidy hall a mile wide, and the three-fathom curve extend.s nearly ii mile into the hailim-. .\ depth of ci-lit lathnins is t'oiirliflhs of a mile inside from the north point. The norih side ol ihe enlraiice is Wiiiti l'»int : it overlaps the .south side il quarter of a mile. It is a vei\ i.iimw, low point lyiii;; ■lireeand a half miles .south twenty- two de;iree,s we:,t (S. L'li"' W.) iVons West Point l,i-lit hoii.si., ind two and a i|ii;ii'tcr miles north thirty-three de;;rees west- (N. .".P W.tliom i;estoiai ion Point. It is neaily n the line of Ihe latter point, Yemoalt Point, and Skitf Point. In !.S.">C. we found a Ion;; pehlily leil.i;e iiMlin.L: ■I'l three liiinareil or Imir liiindrcd yards .south- east from Win;; Point, hiit the late surveys have .level.. pe.l a .lireet eotni-.-lion from this le(l;;e to ilic P.lakely Roe!;, running' nearly |i,ir,illel will, the slion . K. " tlirc.' lonrthsof a mile from the point i.!i 11 liiui t<) niakely Hock there is fmiiidas liiih' a-^ ; >>•<> a;,.l,i half tathoms of wah«r. Out- side .if this ledgo the hotloiu drops v.-ry ..ddeiily 1.- lifty falhoms. Vcs.sels honiid into Port lllakely must not haul too close to III.' slmr.' nnlil they an- within half ii mile of P.lakely Uock, If a hir^'e re.s.sel were Ixmml into Ka-le llarhor .she would have to .'111. 'r from the southwar.l clo.se under the slioieaiul pa.s.s throu,!;h the narmw hut iis| Snrv.'y in l-.'iCi. i|:li ^^ W- ^' ■41i 'Uo rAciKH' ruAsr rii.nT. Ul'.STOUVI HiN rolM'. WIumi romiiiK' ni' tli»> smiml a vcmmI t\v(» miles mtrtliwist oi" West I'oiiif S4'(w K. -■ i itmn Point on tlic wcsii'iii sjilc of till- siMiiul iiml aliiiKsi alMT.nl itf It.ittciv I'.miiI. Ii isilim n ,,|,. mn AH il low lil.ick lillf .■.tll'Icllili;,' out I'nuil tlic Wivslcril Imsi- nl' a ll.lt, lulinclill;.' Ilillnrk, 1h;imU \«iM>ilt>il, Willi a iH'il, lirliiml il, ami llini ;;fiitl.\ iiNiiii: ;:ii'iiinl witli mmIIitiiI trn's mi li.^ ii,.,.|, and rim>. Ovrr ainl Imir miles heviniil JtesincitiiMi remit is seen ili" line of iiiimIiiii. \ inji, ^I'imiidI of I'nilit SiiiitJiWDitli ,\{ tlie eiitiaiii f ChImis r;i>s.i;;i>. {{estiiratiiii I'lMiit IS tlie.sciiitlieast imiiil d' ri.iiiil>ii(li:e jsl.iii.l, iml is the iiMik tor ni.iKii'^ I'l.ii I'llakelv ; ami also for tlie HiHitlieni eiitiaine iiitu I'ml Onlianl. It is li\e ami <>i i;;liM. null , e\:iell\ soiUli friiin West I'oiiil I.i;;lit IliMisc. Uest oration Point is in some respeeis \er\ pei'iili.ir; no other |ioiMt in these waters, ex. i |.i l',;ii teiy point, presents the Maine formation. I'or three linmlreil variU it is Hat, alioiit leu ii , ■ ,I.,,m. Ili;:ll water, ami h.is a loot ilepth of soil eo\eri'i| svilll u'lass, o\'er a limestone roek, iiI'Ium.iiI neail.s on edjje, the liireetion of the strata pointing lowanl I'.atter.v Point, or a little xmili nl it. Insliiiie the lami rises sh.ii|il\ .ilioiit one liiimlreil feel, itssnlfs eoveteil with ^'ass, ainI lli- -iiii init 'Villi tlr trees. Aronml the w hole southeast faee ot' the point these pi'iiiliarilies eM>i. On the upper le\els of the lii^li I, mil inliaeriit our p.irls I'oiiiiil small lakes of water. /.' •• it III- III' I'. — I'roiii the e\tleiiiit\ of the point a leil^i'. Ii.ire at low I ides, in, ikes out lnoj,! jiiin tlie Soil mi for three hnndied ,\!trds. I ml the depi h of water is si\ fathoms one liiimln <' \ :ir nl) n« extremil.v. and sivleeii f.itlioiiis at ii >.Vi. and il h.is hecn n.imeil al'ler that vessel. South soiill.ii>l u! the point anelior.i;;e ma> lie li.id in tifleeii f.illioinsof WMter over stieks lioltom, a i{ii:iilii«:oiiisli li.i.v .. N. -.' I.. -Jt iiiili'fi. I'.illll l{nliili-i«ll F'>j;-i«ii:il '^- II •■■• '-i iiiili- Ka-t I'liiiil of Ithiki- In1:iimI mi ranuf willi tin- »>'>t snlr nf I'liiiit \a-liiiii, ( •..!>. .H I'leisap- ^ -1 '•'■- yj iiiiN'H. I'.illll On lialil, MilltllWi-l sill, lif rllllalllT S. :i'i W , '.'i 111 1 Irs. Vancouver anchored under this point in IT'.IJ; found lar;,'e iiiiiidiers of Indians locatnl ih.u. and liist called it Villa;;e Point, Imt ch,in;:ei| it toils picMiit name in commemoiat ion ol li.. du on which he anchored. I'rom this |.laee his l.o.iis explored all the waters ad.jacent. , I'OKJ' lll..\KKI.V. On the west side of the sound is this moderalel.v di'e]) indentation in the eastern .sii.nvnl Ilaiiil'rid;,'e Island on the north siile of Kestoration p'.mt, w lii.h is the mark for the eiili.iii" The actual I.mikIIi of the port is .seven eii;lithsofa mile, ami it c.iiiics three fatl is ot wali 1 ml! «VLM-iKlithsof aniile inside theopeiiin^', which is three ei;;htlis of a mile wide. The piicnil .lim tion nf the jiort is west l.y south. The north shore lies .msI l.y north and west liy south, .r 'I H" mmth shore ea.sf ami west. The a|.iiioaches to the port extend onl one mile farther, to .• i\ tremity of Kestoiation I'oiiit. ni^iMy /i'..(/.-.— In this outer road there is a led-eid' roek iiearlyoneeiKhthofamih' in i' " ■ iiiul a l.ir^e part of it is above water. The middle and hi^'hest part, which is fifteen l.'ci >'. water, h five ei^diths ol a mile north twenty seM 1, det;iees west (N.L*:^ W.) from theextr. |r^"l Uesturalion Point. There is shoal water and foni -round for two hundied ami sixty yai.l- " 'l'^' J iut HCtW |{('-' litlnli ll IS llli-ll II; ,.| I liii;; liilloi'K. Ik'umIv i| tli't'H nil 1 1 '■ link I' til' iiiim|i'|;iIi ', liijli iiai'k Till' iiiaUii ': Toll ami oiii' i'i;:lini null. <(• Willl'l >. r\('. (ll l'.;il llllCllll ll'll jl I iImiVi' lillic riii'l\, ll|'iir.lU''iii - . StlUlh SliUll I 1-1 m! iiilloMi, a ijiMiii I 111 I iiiirlli 111 till' 1 II I" {•V ill tlic Siilllhl i~ Hill' I rise anil '.ill "I iln' ic niniMils ail' •■imii;' i'_\ ii|Hiii tins ji'iMil i^: (i.'i . H iiiirili. 15' .•.' ."".I. .VlMi. iiii|Mii'taiil iili|irt»; ll'S llllll's, .'.; Illlli». '■'■i lllllli<. '.'( inilrH. I'.'i mill-. •,'i Mllll-<. •J* lllllr-. Iiiillaiis jiiiati'il 111. II. iK'liiMial inn ol li''' '1''^ Ijat'i'iil. tlio t-astcni .-hi.ti'iii ark for tin' fin; ii"' tatliiiiii.s III wall 1 lull' . Tlif K<''i'''''l ''"" Af.Nt 1>,V Mlllllli ■' 'I ''" iiilc Caitlifi', III :'ii'»'^ hill oi'iiniilt' ill I'!'. h is lil'li'cii I'l'i'' 'I'"'' I Iroiii IJMi I'xM' '' ' mil Hixty yaitl ' ''" :S It i I'AclI'lc coA.sr I'll.ol'. Q\\ ,iiirtli imrtliwcHt of tlif rock, willi a liank of kilp rxtcmliii;,' nut in si-vni fatliimis of watci all iiiiiiiiil il. Oil tilt' Noiitli siilt' tlici'i- isilccp vvattTclosi' iiiiiii'r il with a jiassaKf l-flurcii it ami lliu iiiirlli Mlioro of IN'stiiratioti I'oiiil, llircc fi;,'lillis of a iiiilc uiilf ; iiijs |ias.sa;,'r lias 'wriil.v live fatli- niMsof water, with sticky Itottom. The ruck licars mirth ci;;lity iiiic ilc;,'iccsk'ast (N. Sp K.) fniiii ilic mirtli point of the entrance to rarl Uiakeiv, distant over liveei;;htlis of a iniie. Tiierc is mcky jniiiiiil close olV the north pnint, Imt marked l»y kcl|» out to six and srvcii ralhoms. The |iassa;;e l.rUM'cii this point ami lllakely Itock is half a mile wide lictwrcii ihc tdi lallioiii curves and hiiH HM'UiyMx fathoms nf water over sticky lintlom.so that vessels from the north always puss lietwetMi III' rock and the north point. Itiit the approach I'rom ilic north is over Ilic Ion;; lcd;t'e which runs ti.iiii WiiiK' I'oint to thit lllakely Rock. .V link' less than half a mile norlli of llic IJIakely I'mcU ; Ins |cil;;e can lie crossed in nine fathoms of water, sandy lioiti liiil tlicuce to Win;; I'liiiil the ilrpth of water on the led^;e d, 'creases, and as little as two and a half falhoins is I'oiind, wilii deep v\ Iter inside. Outside of the led^'e the depth increases rapidly to tiliy fathoms. The usual iiiild'tiiiihoriKii i)( Port IJIakely issoiitli thirty Ihicc dc;;rccs cast (S, ,'(:!" I'.) IVoin tin* iiriilh point of Ihc entrance, a litlle nearer llie soiuhcrii sliiire, in lliiileen lallioiiis of water, over ,iirky liottoiii. The deepest water in tl nliaiice isciyliieeii lailionis. Tlic iiimr aiiclioraj,'o in .1 .|iiarter of a mile to a third of a mile inside tlie mirlh poiiii and rallier nearer liie smiih shore 111. Ill the mirlli, in nine and a half fathoms uf waiei, umi haul liniiiiiii. Here Ihe w idlli apart of ilie liircc'fathoni lines, under Ihe north and soiiili .shnrcs, is only lluee Iniiidri'd ,\ards; and that uiillli decreases farther in. At Ihe inner end of the Inirlior is one of the lai';.'est saw inills of tlie coiintiy ; il has an aver- i;:i' daily output of over two hundred I In m sand feel ol iiimliei' and lias rear lied an out put ol' ihrce iiiiinli'cd and tifty llKnisand feet of Ininliei' in one da.\'. 'I'lie mill is iindei'tlie north shore. Mere also is an extensive shipliiiildin;; eslalilishmeiit. I'leiweeii is.si and l.SST there were I III ill lieie twenty two vessels (including; a rnilcd Stales rcseiiiiec illei I, a'_'i;icL'^atiim nine thoiisand iliiee II 11 lid red and sixty nine tons ; the l,ii;;es! vessel was seven hundred Ions liiirden; and at this \\ I iliii}i there are three vessels on the slocks. The ;;eoi;raphical ]ii>sitiou of the niilei' end of the. shipliiiildiii;; estalilislimcnl has heeii liilerniined In the I'. S. Coast and (ieodelic Survey lis follows: l.iiiiiiiili' 1* :i.'i •''" ■'' Miirtli. I yiliiili' I'-"J •-".' .'i;t .iMvrst. Ol, ill tiiiii' S'' e',1' ,V.l«..'. The place i.s therefore l(J".S west of the S,in rraiiciseo astronoiiiiial slalioii nt the Coast ami (leodetic Survey. In Dccemlier, l«.S i, the matjnetic varial ion was L'U (l.V cast, and in .lanuiry, l-^-;."!, the limit of ilie \ariation had liceii reached, Tiilimtt I'ort /.7(i/,'(Vi/,— The Corrected i'lsialilishment, or mean interval liei ween i he lime of the iiiiion's transit and the time of lii;;h water, is W'l' ."lO"', Tiiiilitaiii the time and heii,'ht of every tide tliriiiii,'lioiit the year, loiisiilt the Pacilic Coast Tide r.ililcs, piilillslied annually l>y the I'. S. Co i>t and ileodelie Survey. The extreme i'an;;e of tide oh.served diiriii;; tin- oliservalioiis lure v.as .seventeen feet. I'oit I'daktdy was named by the I'liiled Stales INplmin^ Hxpedilioii in l.^ll. South of the contraction of the .sound hetwceii Itesionitioii I'oint ami !'. illery Point it opens Id a width of nearly six miles for about live miles norih and sniitli. This exjiaiision is, however, I'Miiiracted l>y P.lake Island in the .southern pari. Into llie northwest aii.-le ot lliis luoad area liiil 's Pa.ssii-j.', the .southern entrance of Port Diehard, opens. In the snulheni part, one and tl '"If miles from Pdake Island, is the north eiilraiiee to the Cnh os Passa>;e, To llie sonliieast- ward opens the broad and main channel of the sound. The slimes on the east and west beloiij; to ilienuiiu land; the latter lieiuj; on thcCreat Peninsula beiweeii the soiimlanl lloml's Canal. The I, mil between the Colvos Passajie and the main cliaiiiiil of ilie so iiid is Vaslion Island. h'irli's /Vn.v«(/(' into Port Orcliard is the soiitliern eiitraiiee ttiereto; it is two and ;; half miles Miiithwcst from Ue.storatioii Point. It is live ci-litlis of a mile wide at the inoiilli, and runs north- ui'st by west for nearly two miles, with dci'ii water on the southwest side, and mrhs under the nouheastishore, and about half a mile inside the east point of the cntraiiri'. Then the cliannel tarns sharply to the -southwest fon. lie mile, into Porl Oreliard. Thesoutli jpoiiil at Hie sharp turn IS (Horn- I'oint. The depth of water is over ten falhoins, excejit .just east of (ilovcr Point, where tlie tcu-lathoiu curve from the north .side crowds we!! over to the .south i.oiiil. P.cyond Clover iiiis. I'lic wli.ilc tluimicl li;is rocl^y I.mIi, . ; ii„, »'UiT«>iit.s iiifstroiif,' iind iirc'jriihn-, and the wind is lij^lit, viirialili>, and iinci'itain a( tli. s|,,ii|i turn, and apt to Icavo a vt'ssci wlu'iv tin- rliannd way is only two linndicil yards wide. I'oiiit 0»c/i(()riiards the northern entranee lo the ('ohos I'assaire. It is alioiil oiir iinlr m extent, not liifzh. hut eoNert'd willi wond. ixeept al the t'a.siii ii poinl.' whii'li is Inw and (■i'li!i|\. Th(> eastern side of tlit> island is low. w iili sirauiiliii!,; I rrcs, and the land rises to nrar I lir \WNtirii NJde. When a vessel is ;,Miiij,' noilhward, aiiil 1^ rl r. •■: \aslior Island, the .liipitri 11,11-. ,shin\ over Fd ke Island, with Mount t'onslanee in tlic sdiiihw.ird. The t>aslern point of this island lies two .md li\r cii^dilhs niilci south t wenty-one dciiiii v cist (S. 'JP l\.) from liestoration Point. 'I'lii'ii' i-.drcp w.iter Lreni-rally around tin' island, ilif iuiiii\ fathoin cilix (' hein^ elose iiiidi'i' tiie soiitli .iiid west siilis mid dIV the i:isl pmiii,;i '\iiiit, anil there is anehoraf,'e in seventeen lo ei^jhleen fathoms elose under the east pipim, uiili oottom of sott mnd. Al.l.r.N lU.SK. ri,i ' S! ■St -|n^ .fi: :••■ i.(i; ' *l IS U^l > Stretehiii}; from the southeast face o I I'.lake Island (here is a liank with less than fviiif, fathoms (if water leaeliiii:,' all the way across in I'liiiit N'.isliiin, 4I (he noiilieast part ul iherii t ranee l-plh increased (o ei;;hteeii fathoms, over soft I, I'liis hink has pi 11% ell of ;,Mear si'ivee lu \essels liisiii:; ; he wind and Ii.iviiil; adverse currents ; (he 11 mi, , m.. eiall.v when the (Hlvns Passable vv , i thi' clianin'l used lis all vessels. We diseiiverecl ami mil ed (Ills hank in I"<."i7. Son til of Han ei> Point, on (he eastern sidi' o! the siiii 111 I. (he sin ires .if Ihe smiml h.iv e ^eiin.ill) a n.trnnv hell ul kelp ni i!ie hitter p, in ul suiiiMier and aniiimii, hill 11 i-. (oi n aw av hv ilcsi.niiis of the winter and ^plilli,'. I'nlN I W 11,11 A M.S. This point, (III (h.e.isi side of (he xiiind. 1^ ; he iir>i small, low. s.mdy and ;,'ravel poiiil. tu.i.iml seven ei-lilhs miles soii(lieas( ( wo I hll ds -niil h , Si:. ;SUloin I'.illeiv Point. The land I : m- 1 i|. idiv heliind It. and II IS pine covered. Itel w eeli II and I". Klerv I'oliil the shore ret i eats oiir i i;:;,! of a mile to the e,e.(ward. and i. iie.iilv strai-hl. li 1- not a notahle point to \ e.ssels ;;oiii^,' iiji m down the solimi, l.ee.illse il re| reals inside the line of lliace Poinl. li is the north poilil of I'liilK leroy Cove. The w.iter otf this pom! 1^ seveiii.v live t.ithoms dee|i vv II Inn one luindre.l ..1 h-...hu;i dred \aril.s; m imd cli.iniiel it is one hiindieil .ind Mveiil 1 lail'oiii-., IIIIACK I'lilM'. This point IS oil the east side of 111- sound ah: east I he north end of \"ashon ls!and,amn'oiii;-lii' south side of Fanntlerov «\i\e. It is ., sm,,||, Inu.sandv. uravellv point , h icked hv lapnllv umiil ,,'roniid covered with Ore-on pine. It i~ lliiee and time fonrllis miles sonih ihiKv lived.-iiM. ea-t (.S .i.i !■;.) from IlKleiv I'oiiK, and ei-ht miles m.iih twenty nine de^jiees west (N. : ' \^ from Point lodniisoii Po- ..i;..,i.il. In riinnin- norih. hefoie a ve-sel reaches Point Piillv, i'li" I'oint IS seen as a moderately hi-li wo. ed poini |iist lo 1 he .msI w .ird ol l'..ill.i> i'oinl; tin laim hehmd 'hedrst rise falling a litl le .ind I hen n-ini; (o the e.isl w aid. The depth of w.iier • ' ■!'■ iNMiit i.s s.'\enty live lathoms within one hnndied or two hnmlivd y.iid.s, and in mid eh.ii over a hundred fathoms. This point was naim il hy (he I'. S. t'oast Survey in I s.",;. • C.illi'il 1 .ilii;;!! li.\ Mn- Ihilnni'', S I'dCkv llulli •' ; ill,. iTtiiiii III tlh si, .11), IT'is Willi". lit' 111 IticliV I s~ai;i' w iicrk III I',. V ,iii|| II' water isil. 11. is iiltniil iiiir iiiilc in li is liiw ami mIiIiIv. t III iii'ar I Im' 'Ai'sti'iii I' .lllpilrr 1 1 ,ii • >liin\ 'III V mil' i1i'l;ii TN c.ivi r islailil. Illi' h\rlil\ mini, oil till' imitli sillHl' III' i.'c"-h«l llli'll till' cast |iiiiiii, u nil illi li'.ss tliaii t'Aiiit', lu'ast part nl ll;'' rn il III iillirl's ii.ilil N iiiil III a iiall' I'ailioirs (im II t'lcVl'll I'aihnMl-, llii (lis of a mil'' ili-iii!ii ; ilc ilisiaiit. Ilri»iii' soli lllllll. ^lll^ ll.lllk ri'lils ; till' llli'll 1 Shi' •^OIIIIll lia\ r L;rlli'l.lll\ I ,l« a\ il\ ill' >I'iMI:> ravi'l poin!. tU'i.iini Till' lami iim-^ 111' Hi' I't'llrals iilir lliUil o \08si'|s ;;oili.; ii|mi| . lliHlll pollll 111 I 111-' iiiiiilifil or t\>" liiiii I ls!aml,anil riMin-lIn' kill l>.\ rapiill.s ii^iii'; nil Ihirt.v live iliiin'i' i-i's wi'sl (N. '-■' \\ s I'oilll l'llll\. I'lll' lli'iN roiiil ; ill' I'""' ■ptli of W.lirr 1''! till" ,1 in iiiitl'i'liaiiii' ! ll i> I'Arli k; (.;«».\sI' i'ilot. I'AIMI.KKdV rnVK This sli^'ht imli'iitatioii on ilu' rasi s . of ihr snninl is lii'iut'cii I'ojnt Williams on tlic iiortl anil Ilran' roiiil on the .soiiiji ; Hie ilislanrr apart ol Ilu m' polnis is a liilli' o\i'r llirci' rourtlis ot'ii mill', anil llic sluiiv rrccilrsa ipiarlrr of a imli' to ilii' rasluanl. Tin' iiniiiiiliali' sliinv is low, I'xi'cpt miili-r I'oint Williams, wlicii' tlir UliitV rrai-lii's ilir wali'r. Wr riiiiiuj ^ooil amlinia^'i' lu'ii' in ten anil iwclvo I'atlionis ol water; Init when on I he ianj;e ol llielvM) poiiils iji,. ,||.pi|| jni'ieiiM's anil the lioltoiii drops away verv siiilileiil.\ outside. I'resli walei is e.isil\ oliiaiiieil In Hie \ ieinity. W'« named this eove in I.S.",7. The evieiit of slinre line of Ailiiiiiall> Inlil I'lmii ilie eiiiianee lo liie north end of Vaslion Island iihn'asl liraee I'mnt is two hiinilreil and loi , one miles. VASII'IN ISIAMI. i'his is the larj^esl island in Hie waters of .\iliiiiiali> Inlet and l'ii;;i't Si iinil. \'ashon Ishiiul IS hi;,di, with sleep shores, eoM'ied with vvnod and iiniler;:iou ili Its mi i I'lee is marshy in many parts iliat are ipiite ele\ated. ll is eleven iiiiles in leii^lli. iiiirtli and snuiji. ;iiid lannes fioiii one to six and a half miles in lireadlh. It may lie loiisidered as l\ iii^; in a iireal espansion of ihe soiiiid, twelve or !>.',', and the SI 'therii end in HI It*,". The western sideof the island has a ;;i'neral diieetion north and south, and il forms the eastern side of the<'ol\os I'assa;:e. Tlieeasin n si.le of Hie island has a (general .south- east direetioii for ei^'ht and a half iMs. in I'uini Kuliiiison |",i^ si-nal, and then a sonlhwesf di- irclioii for six oisi'M'ii miles, to Neill I'oinl. Iteluieii llniasl and southeast sides of Hie island .iiid the main la ml is the I wo mile wide eliaiiiiel of I he main iiilil leaehiiiy; as far as ("omineiieeinent ii.iy, Ui.iMi wliieli lies Ilie eil\ of Taeoiiia. The slioie line nl I lie i.slainl is Inrlx -seven miles, and .u'Kiind the shores of the island I here is a hell of Kelp in Hie l.itlei p.ii I of Hie sii miner and aiilnmn, I'lil It is torn awa.s by the storms if the winter and spriiiL;. The easleriimosi pmiei I ina of the slmie of Naslmn l.daiid is a eniionsly shaped peninsula, ii'.iiK d Mtiiivji Isliiuil, four and a half miles loii.n and one and a half miles w ide, l\ in^' nnderiiealh I lie southeast part of V'ashon Island. This peninsula is hiuli, wooded, and liaseoiii|)aet, hold shores. I'.nl on the northwest part it is e iiineeled with X'ashoii Island hy a low sandy neek of land only one hilii lied vaiils wide. The hi^^ht at the iioilh side of this eoinieetin;,' nrek Is Tnimi) //(iW/or, liroad niieii lo the liorlll. The deep \>.i\ on the south side of Hie lurk ami lielweeii N'asjion Island and Maury Island is three and a h.ilf miles loiiir ami over hall' a mile wide, wilh live to lea fathoms of w.iler, o\er;,fray sand, and mini at the mniii exiieinity. This has Is an ex.'elleiit shelter at two iiille.s inside I lu^ eiitrai , with ;;ood water and uood lioldin;.; .mound. It was named (hiavli riiidx- ivy's lliuliiir \\y the I nited Stales I'.xploi iii^; I'.xpeili'lim, ISll. The l';n;;lisli .Vdmlralty elniit. No. It»ll. erii,iieoii>l,\ miles ihls peiniisiila as an island with nine fei t of water at the neek. It then leeelveil Its pieseni name. Ill the earlier years of the iia\ I^mIioii of these waters 1),\ laij^e sailln;: vessels when there were no steam Iiiks. the Colvos I'.iss.i^'e was universally used, hiil in reeeiil vears Hie developmenl of l.ieoma and the use of sieani lii-s have ehaiiLie'l the whole traliie to I he main ehaiiliel hel ween Vashoii Island and the main shoie to Ihe e.istwai.l. In this eliaiinel the eiiireiits are not strong;, liie ehauees lor iiiuliorili;; are lew . and 1 1 is soiiiel iiiiis e.iliii, w liile there is a line liiee/.e Idowiii}; ililonj^h Colvos l'a.ssa.ue. The mam ehaniiel on the ea:.| side of this l.iml is ih, l.esi lo work in with .i head wind. X'asluui Ishiiul was iiained \ ashoiis Isl.iiid bv \aii to the Im.so, wln'iv tlii-rc is aclnmp <>',:], ; „„,, tnn's at liu" water's .Ml}ic (oiiniii- a Intl.' iirojcflion. It is four and lliifc lomllis miles s,, mi, ^x d»'t:r<'c.s t-asi ,S. *1 K.i tn.ni Maitcrv Point. The clianncl is licic two and a (|iiartcr milesun ,, -niiii; west bi-arilij: from I'.racc i'oinl. ami widens a littU" u, the soiitiieast bv a reeedin^ oMIie -ii,.i( ,,„ I'iM-h side. Tmler l>ol|.!iin I'oinl tlieslioic runs a mile to llie south and tiieii two miles to ili, m.iiii, east bv «'asl, to I'oint lieais. I'ndei Ifolpjiin Toint the de|itli of .aler is very K'eal. and in il.r In;;!,; to tin- s.Mitliward tiie dfpili is still greater. The twenty-fathom eiirve is (-lose to the poiiii, ni,! i!, luid-ehanne! depth is one hnndied and eij,dit fathoms. (iood aneliorajie is reported, however, in from seven to fonrteen fathoms. In the bi;.dit belneen this point and PimiiI lieais there are three rocks above water cIum ;.i, i, the shore. The sontheniniost one is on the northwest sideof I'oint Heals, and is fonrteen Ik ; mi, water; the other two in the bifiht are seven and six feet hi;,di. From Dolphin Point we have the followinf; bearings and distances to important oli|e( ,- WtnI I'uiiil I,i;;lit-lii>iis<' N. 17 \S'. '.IJ iiiilrs. t'luiit i'iiii\ .s. c-j ]■:. i;, iiiiii',-, Kobilisiiii I'oliit K K. Tj miles. IVUNT ri l.LY. This point lies seven and three fourths miles south thirty-three decrees east (S.,'i:! i:. ii,,!;i llattiTV Point, and four and mn- tbnrlh miles from liraee Point, jnst inside the same coin ^r. |'„ tweeii IJraee Point and Point Piilly tin- shore retreats more than a mile to the eastward, "in Ihu s'nores borderintr the hij,'her, pine-eovered lami. Two or three small streams enter this \ni:\\\. ili. ilepth of water in this lii;,dit is very jjreal. Point Pnlly projects more than half a mile W(>i -mit' west into tliestMind; it is sharp and narrow. It is a low poini with a ll.it. ronndinjr hillo-k bcdiind it, and '.,.on which stands one Vm-^v lii-'i tree in the middle aiidtwuor three smaller ones straj;i;li!i); on each side. When a niili' n\ i»,i tu the SfUitlnvard of it, the f.irlliest clear point on Ihv eattt sideof the sound is l!atler\ I'lii.!. treeless, with Itrace Point under it. When seen IVoni the northwest it shows almost iIk ^mv.i- featnres proj<'<-t4Ml on I lie Inj^her and distani laiul to the southeast. The e.xtrt'uiity of this jMiint is sand and tjravel, anortant points: Poiiil liciliiiiMiiii Kiig niuniil S. '/! >'•■ :!} iimIih. I Idlpliin I'oinl N. tW W. li iiiiIin. KeMt.iratioM Point ^- i' W- ''4 imlrH. Ilatlerj P.iint N- :':' W, 71 iiiilis. Abreast of Point Pully the channel is two and i third miles wide. This point was named by the l'. S. Coast Survey in I8."»7. bill r -A- I'liiut Monroe, NW. i N., la milea. ■,''*iMiP!'.iff'^'*liif<* *"4f+' •' '■•. ' ^^ . "■■■ ■ . ■'•>-t»> ; Muuiil Ifaiiiii'i. 11,141 liTl, M.. liy 1; , Hi iiiilfs. I'liint I'lilly, SE. i S., 4 milt>H. Pugcl Soiiud. Tuint KobiDHOD. F<)«-(iigiial, si;, by S., 7} luili'a. ^^ » r '. w \ i , li 1 1 1 i 1 !. 1 I f ! 1 I I ( ; ' ■i.?'\ ft I '.;» ^^1 ^ , ■■. I li:l" '• I' ' - *' ' y < i« I . iiii II H W^WWW^ il I, !ii i. Ill 3 r m m \\ ---- — ^ }*>: V, Rem oration i-oiut, NW., I'.'i huIcm ^^is^^csp::i2 Point I'.iliy. :i} „„|,,„ I'ugi iiSound. jpSfKJ^ Buttery I'oiut, NVV. by N., 11^ milna. nnito I'oiiii, rjiiiilcB. l,lili#T*- ^'^*^.«vV-';~iw'?'t,,, I'llilJt KolllllMdll, \,, y^ luill-e . ^ ' -^_;-i^^.' ■ y ■ f ■ «L^^iJ*C"'»wi>^f ^^^^ ; !' ik'i; ^'ou^(l. -:,.•:l-«M■•;;^fr^^■|l;'^•ht■■■/^^M;,.■^^Jf■-••^^■^^ •*^'^■■V.^',|■^•fV;"«*■-"■ '"-"-' ■^' :.:;•>> -■ , ■■:" ■ ■■■■ ■■ Mount Baker. I't HI 1-* r« t ' ■ 'i ' - , 1 > 1 1 PAC'IPIC COAST PILOT. CI 5 I'OINT IlKAt.S, Tliis jMiint, on tlu^ w.-storn siili' u( tin- cliiiiiiii.l. is iw,. ,iim1 tin ci^'htlis luilcs soiillicuHt liiilf .until lioiii l>ol|iliJii I'oinl.aiiil (ivcaiid lliifc I'iKlitlis milrs iliwi'si .{Mnitfi' wrsi Inun llnliiiisoii I'.mil. It is iicailv alMfiisi ol I'oiin PnJIs. || is ;, w.H.ilnl |i(iiril. lisin;; ;;iacliially In scvcial liiiii- chcd fi'i't, hut it (Iocs iKii |ii((j(.ct lar iniu ihr rliaiiiit'l. It i> mi ihr (.a>i nIkmv iif Vasliini Isiaiul. .mil lifs jiisl inside a ("iirsc Imiii I'.iinl K'nliiii.siiii to l>i>l|iliiii I'mni. TIick' is dii-p walcr close oil II. iiliil deep water under llie sli;;lill> reeedili;; slmre to llie iioitii and to llie south. .Just oh the iicutlnveNt Hide oC the iioiiit there is a nu-K staiidiii;; loiiiteeii feel out of water. IViINf lidlSINSiiN, This istlieprdiiiiiieiil and nolieealile point foniiin;,' the east, iniiiost piojeelion of Maiii.v Island, which is, however, aclilal!,\ a part of Vashon Isl.inil, it stietclics hcII o\ci touaids the eastern shore (if tlie elianiiel, which it reduces in w idlli to t uo iiii!es. 'I'lic cMieiniiv of the point is a low spil (Hie hundicd and littv .\ards outside the lico, uiih iniciv I'liiii;; iiiaish.\ f;ioiiiid, and then a hhitV, wliieh isalxtiit thiilv feet lii;;h and lui^dil on the .south side, hut covered on the top with trees. The lillllVlises to alioiit seventy feet liclillid. I'poii the point are three iiicoiispiciiiuis lioiisc-., Iiciiii; pan ol the Ion si;;nal '•iiihiin^s. To the liorlliwest of (lie point the shore runs ne,irl\ we>l for tlirec niih's, Ihiii \s itii a sweepin;; ciirvo to llie IKirlh for one miie to I'oinl lle\ei, liielicc liorlli liorlhuest lor iie.irl.\ three miles, to roiid Heals. On the south of the point ihi' iiliilV shore runs lour and one third miles siuilliwest liy .■-oiitli in a reeediii;; curve, to I^lilll I'iiici'. I'lider the south siile of Toiiit lle\ei is a broad open hiylit, calh'il V'/vo/i/) lloihur, with a very lou slioie on the soiitlicrn part and iieai Ivconiiectcd w illi the head ol' <,)iiai leiinasler's llarlior. Ill this liif^hl there is anchoia;;!' in lilleeii to ei;ilileeii fatlnciis of water, over line jfray sand, with deep water, of iimre than sixty fallioins. on the line lietweeii Point llcver and I'oiiil lioliinson. This is ii },'<)od aiieliorai;e. ,iiid there is fresh water. OIV Ifoliinsini Point the water is very deep: and lietwecn this and I'oiiit I'.rown it is said that when the weather is calm llici-e isalw.i\sa lot ot oM seawceil and siiill alloal in this part of the sound as if it remained liere,aiid \ery little eiiricni uiovemeiit. I'OiJSItlN.M, Al' I'OINI' t;nI!tNS(iN. This si^jnal is on the e\lrcniit.\ of I'oinl Itoliinsoii, on llii' easternmost point of N'ashoii or Maiiry Island, and nine miles lioin Tacoiua. The to;; si;;lial IhPiisc and the Uecpei's dwelling; are located on the low ;:ravel point which e\teiids one hillidied and IiHn yaids oiitsjile and eastward of the wooded lilillV. They are wooden lpiiildiii;;s of one story and one and a hall stories, respectively, painted w liite. with j;reeii window Minds ,ind brow II root's. The dwelliiiu siaiids I wo hundred and thirty three yaicls to the south- \\ aid of the l'o;j si;;iial. The apparatus is a twelveinch steam whistle, which was estalilished .Inly 1, IS.s,"., and is ■.oiimled ill thick and fo.u;;\ weather. It j;ives \<\am-< k>\' six snuiiils iliinilion, icllli intif rah of fifty- Inlir SICIIIuls, The ;;co','raphical position of the fousijiiial, as delermined lp.\ llie I'. S. t'oast and (leodetie .•^ursey, is : l,,.l, .• '■ •-■• 11' I Mnrlii. I...lij;llll.lc '••- -■' -' ^»'>l- Ol. ill I inn- "'' •'" -■'"■' iM-oni I'oint IJobiiison lM.;;-si-iial we have the followiii- bearin-s and distances to proiiiilicnt objects: liclplni. r,.iMt N- '"• \\- '^ ■"'>'•'*• Hall...vl'..ii.l ^■•" ^^'^ l'ni>il.'H. f.,inl i'lillv ^■-' \\- •''"'"••^• i'.Miiinrow,, '^^ ~ \^- •':""l"''- i'oinl I'inrr ^ :"' \\' '* ""''■"• H ^^ I V >. 6KJ I'M iric n»A>i rii.ui. I'oiiil /.'../.( (I .M.;i l.iiihl. .\ li.iiil ml li.ihl, lens l.inlflli. Iiiis lin-ti siispriiilnl t'lulil :lli ;iii. ,„, ,, Willie |M.>t. Tlir l.iiitnn 1^ .ilioiit tliiiiv |,.ci alM.M. s.M I.mI. Tin- piisi is (uir Inot ill .|i im,i..| and t units livo UhI liij;li. Ii i> ,l..s,. t<> tlic t-iid .if tli.' spit aiiluil Ih'cfiiilivr IJ. 1SS7. |i tlu'v all' limKcii !>> small sIhmiiis riilrriiii; tin- sound. In this fvp.insn.ii nl ilif sniinil ihc \'.au i i, «U'fp i.Millui sli.uf.aii.l in tin' rinin il is .iImhiI niic linndifd Litlioms \\ ,. ||.|\,. | n inioiini li ih.ii ill ralni wtallnT niiiili old sciwitiI .iiid stiitl is I'nuiid linitin;; m tins It.isiii, as il' ilii'ic wcir liiilc ciiririil. lii'.Miisc (lie piiiH'ip.il clili cimciil pa.sscs iliriiii;,'li the N.niuws iinrthward tlm>M::li ih, ('ol\ KS l^ls^a^M•. At Ilir sniiilicni pari ul' tliis liasin ('iiniiiit'iicriiicnt l!,i> ii|iciis rn«iii tjic east sdutlicasi, w h u, I'lltraiire ol' t\M' ,ilid .III I lj.'litll mil.s liflWiili I'niiit KlDWIl nil till' ll'illli side and tlir lii;iiii i|. h oast of I'dillt lU'liancc in tlic snlllliw.ml. Tin- licld of tlic lia.\ is tin re miles inside nt I'njiil I 1 . > and Niimewliat iiicie.i>es its wid'li, luil at lis lead llieie is a liiciad and exteii-^uc mini Hal ai..l In > inaisli land Inmied l'\ llie di pMsils lilnii;;lit down li\ the rii_\allnp Kl\ei. This IS a l.ii>ie iir.iiu enmiii;; III tiniii the li.iiiks nt the Cascade itan^e, ami iie.iil.v parallel with the I >ii \vaiiii>li m While l.'iNei. I he II 'illi .iiid east slimes of this li.iv are llie«aler hniiiidary ol the rii.valliip Ki - eivalinii. On the smith slmre, well in the li.iy, are the old and new towns nt'Taemna. 'rhiip||;;hmit tlielias the depth nf I he w .iter is \ el \ ;.'leal, I aii;;iii;,' Irmil ei;;hlv ei;,'hl l'allinhi> in the middle nl' the eiitiaiice In thirtv rallioiiis close iiiider eii her shore, and earrviii}; t\vi-nt.\ I.iiIimh^ eloNe up to the ed;^e n| the in nil li.lt •>, w liicli ,iie It, I re a I low w alet. No special d I reel mns are needed to en lei- nr lea\ e this 1m\ . The anchora;,'!' oil' 'i'acoiii.i i- nui pMMl, lierailse the depih of water IS Ion ;;reat and increases \etv raiudlv nil slinre. Il Is lipnildl I hat nl! the saw mil N nt' Old Tacniiia, the liinnlllii; liiloys ha\ e a spi in;; c.ihle carried In tin ~ III III tnplevenl I llcir sll pplll i; oil into the deepel w.itels. riiele Is ;;nnd anclliir.l;:e lllldcl the linllli shnle III the sll;,'lil Icccssimi nl tin shnie lie;.'inillll;,' three rmirlhs nt' a mile e.isl ol' rnilll lliiun. Hall' a mile nt) >|inre an a jieculiar liliii nf whitish w.iieron the suilacc ..; ;lir liay dm ill;: the elih tides and lii^t c|U.iiler nl' the linnd I ides ; this larel.v leases the lia\ and i- .ml to come liniii the ;;laeial wati'is lunii;;lil dnwii liv the I'lisallup Itixer. When in or olV the entrance to this li.i\ tin' snnw covered sumiiiil of the m.issive ^;MllllI Itaillier .shows Wondi'lflllls >il-llllil n\el llie low middle ;,'roiiiiil at the heail of the lpa,\. Hm mounlain is thirls six miles distant and rises to a hei-iii of loiirteeii thousand four hiindn.l nui (oris loll I feet. This It.i.s lecelM'd its preselil n.ime ill I 7 '.•'_' Iioiii N'ancouser, who lhoii;;lit this tliceiill.ri i In some l.il_'e arm of tlie inlel. mi aceniliil nf the low cnuiillS nl'llie l'u.,allup salli'S Up wliiililii was Innkin;:. He liist s.iw llie inniint.iin when oll'tlias's ll.iilioi. lie ;;.ise the moiintiiin it> prwent II line. Iml il is loealls known .i.> Mmiiit Tacoiiia. The Indian name is Ta;;hmiM Ilir Imliaii name of the has is I'liyallup. >:'^ f. 'i i' ^ii '■ \ P' ■ \ ' I'filNT llKdWN. Tiii.s fonns the north point of the entrance to ('ommenecmetii I'.as. On tl iitcriiinsi pmiit to the north it is low ami -r.isclls. with ;;enll> rising' w led ;;inuiid lielilnd a iiiarshv N|>ni ic I'lc the Insv pniiil. Onlliesniiih face of t he pninl I he slini e I ises ;:rad iiall s and irie;;ularls iiie\|' nl s»hit«'ela.s dill's from twenty live feel to two liiindred feel liij,'li wiiliin lisc ei(,'htlis of a mile ■"! the iH.int. The lami liehind is all cos eivd w ith i hcKoii pine, ruder the north side of the i " there is an Indian shanty and fence close under the trees. There is very deep ssatci one hiii 'I and fifty yardrt oil the jimnt. )'(t llcJlJi ;||| .11 III ,,|, ,, one liMil ill i|i.iiii,.|..|- II >iiril.s iiiMtli. 1-1 ,,| lirci' anil a ImiIi iiiiIi'> nil lll.ulljilllll. u..,,i|,,| I I lie Milltlic i>l ■■liMii I 111' siMilnl Ilic Wall I i» IN i> lii'cii inriiiiiii'il ili.it as il' iliric «( If liiili' Ki'tliwanl lliiiiii;:li [U,. ■asl sdiiilicast, vm:1i an \v anil tlif tiiaiii ihi,. ii.snii- til' I'dinl r.i'iuii, i>l\r iiiiid Hal aiiil \<>\\ riiis is a iaij^f itiaiii nil till' Ilii\\aiiii>li III ot thr riivalliiii i;r> I' Tai'iiiiia. ;;lil.\ ci^'hl latlinh- m iT.vin^; i\\fnt,\ ^.lllll.lll^ r,\iiv oil' TacdliM I- nil' >lloic. 1 1 Is |i'{Mi| In! 1' call iftl In llic -!iiiii l.i;:c liniU'l IIk' lixilli ist (if I'dinl lii'^ii, III liniwn iIhi'i .1 imlri'il .\anl.s Imn In ltd. (IIISCS 1(1 .sifcl In !ll 111 llir Miiiai'i' 111 till' ■(•s llic lia> ami I- • ml llif ina>si\c .Moiiiil ■ail III I III' lia\. I ill i| liilll llliniilril ili'l It llii> |lii'i'ntrii:i- 1 11' \allr\ n|i wliii'li lit M' till' llllMlllt.l ic IS 'i'a;;liiiliia i ' till' nnti'liniist 1 iiiat'sliy .s|iii| II .1 H';;iilail\ ln<'\i "' ^;litli.s oT a mill ii th side 111' till p wiitcr out' liiii I'M !'■ cuAsi I'li.or. (;|7 Till' low poinl iini' iiiitl oiii'('i;;lilli nnli'.s nmlli lt,\ lasl i|iiail(i' cast I'mm I'lijni I'.niwn is " ih I'ninI, uli^'litl.v lirt'akiii;; till' ^;i'iM'ial li f Ilic .slimv in il,,' IhiasliMuil. 'I'Iu'M' i .i ,sli<,'lit Infill Willi ili'('|t wali'i' lii'twi'i'ii tliiiii. Ilasli |iiiiiit i> \i<\\ I'm il i till \ \ aiils liark, w lii'ii tlicliiml iiM's ;;railiiall,v, anil is spaisi'lv cumiiiI \\,'Ii Ihts Hiat an- aliniil m'miiIv livi- I'l'cl liilll. From I'diiit liniwii wr liavr tlii> rnlldwinj; liciiriii;r.s anil ilistaiins in iiii|ioiianl dliji'cls: riiiiil KiiliMiMCiii rii>; »ij;iial .\, . j.; ,',) mili.M, l>ali i> I'm II I, Mill I III III iiilriiiirr In t,'iilviH I'lmsiini' N. -n U . IH in Ich, I'liiiil liiliiiiiii' S -II \V. |( inlli.H. Ni'W Till iinia S, III I:. 'j mili.s. I'diiit Mcliaiirt', wliirli is till' wt'sii'iiiiiidsi 1 11 lint ui' ('nmmiiiri' Ill I la \, is 1(1111 anil one riiiirtli null's wi'Ntwaril of Puilit IiIiinmi ; it will lir iliM I iliiil as I hi' I'lilraiiri' to l'ii;:i't .Son ml. I'liint Htdini l.iijhl. — X ji.Kil irhllr liijIiU li'ns laiiliTii, li.is 'htm plaicil on a wliilr pii>l. Tlit; hulit is aliiiiit twclvi' I'i'i'l aliiivi' tlir .-.ca Irvrl. 'I'lii' post is till I'li'l hiuli, ami is aliiiiil lill.N .\aiils IVoiii llic ld\v-wa(»T I'liil III' till' spit. Il IS two ami iliiiT i'i;iliil!s mill's noi 111 iiorlliwi'st (NNW.) Iioin Nfw I'acDiiia. It wii» t'stablislii'il Dt'ci'iiibcr IJ, I.SS7. TACdMA. Tilt' sdiilli ulidii' df ('diiiiiii'm'i'ini'nl l>ay is a snirs of riiiVs of \aiial)li' ln'i;;lil, cut by small stroaiiis. Itcltinil tlii'si' rlilVs tin- ;;i'oiiiiil ;;iailiiall\ lisi's to tuo IuiikIii'iI I'i't'l. Al Olil Tariiiiia, wliiili lies ilii'i't'll.N soiilli of i'oint r.roun ami is lln' wi'sii'in ot tin' |uo towns, tin- iiiiiiii'iliah* slioii' is low, but till' la III I i isi's sdiiii'w hat sli r|i|.\ lii'liiml il. .M ( Mil Tai oina tlii'ii' is a lai';;r saw- mill, anil wlii'ii wc wfn- llicri' last >r\v\\ m ri^ht hii;ri' M'sscIs unr luailiii;; Inmbri'. Tlirrr arc uirat raits tiinliT tlii> slioir. Tiir sawmill has ,in avi'iairi' onljint ol two Inimliril ami lil'ly tliiMi- s.inil I'i'i't ol' liinibi'r rvri'V twenty rmii' lioiiis, but it has prmliici'il as hii^li as I'diir linmlrcil ami I wt'iity si'\ I'll tlidiisaml li'i't upon a special orcasion. <>iit> iiiili' III till' caslwai'il dl' the ohl town is the new town ol' Tacnma. which is the western iciniiiiiis df tlii^ Ndi'llii'i'ii I'arilii' Itailioad. I Icic llic dills aica hninlri'il lecl lii;;'li, anil beliimi llieiii till' lanil rises to thiee liiimlicil ami si\t\ feel in thiie i|iiarteis of a mile. The ii'irace lanil lictweeii the two towns is ileaieil aiiil laiil out in town lots. This site of .New Tacoiiia is llie ter- mums of the Ndithei n I'aritii' I tail mail, w Inch lAtcmls woi uanl I'loin the cili^ie of the ureal mini Mat. Here are sitnaleil the lar;;i' ile|i(ils ot the i.iilidail emniiany, sawmill, etc. The machine shops of the eoinpany aie one mile faitlicr up the hay, abieasi I he mini llals. Tliefe is \ery deep waU-r (cifilit fatlioms al mean tub') clo>e np In Ihc w liai \cs and dochs. The shi|iineni of eoal is iiiaih* from this purl, and probably exceeds iliiee Imndied thmisand tons annually. Tlii'ie is ii 1 iial chute for loading' vessels, and coal bunkers with a capacity of fdiir thmisand Ions, but no ma- iiiie lailway. I.m'dindtives are used I'm' pushing cars ii|illii' incline, w liich has a leiijjlh of out! thoiisaiid feet, and a \iVM\v. of one hiindicd and sixlrin feci to the mile. '/V,/,x._Tlie cliart df ("oininenccnieiil l!,iy -ix i s .i l.ilile I'm- lliiiliii^- the times and lii'i},'lils nf the tides. The ('drrecled i:slab:isliinenl, dl Mie a\ eia,:;i' intenal bit weiii the luiiedf the iiidon's pas- •a^'o and the time of lii-h water, is X \ T 7' ; but this inleival ma\ be nearly mie hour smaller when the iiiooii'.s (leelinatidii is •jreatesi nmlh, and mailv two hoiii> -n .I'ei when the immn'sdeeli- nalidii is (greatest .siinth. The mean rise and fall of the lide is seven and si'Ventciillis feet. To find the time and height df any tide tlirmi-honi the >car, cmisiili Ilie I'acilie Tide Tables, imblished annually by the I'. S. t'oast and (leodelic Snr\ey. The -icilol raii;;e of tides during; the period of observations was sixteen and sexcn leiilhs leel. On the risin;; hillside the town of NewTacoiua li.is a lai-e iiiiiiibei ni line bnildinjis, privateaiul piiblie, line hotel, etc. The population is abmi! ci^lil llioiisaiid. The taxable property of the city w.is a.s.ses.sed at two million .seven hiimlied thoiisaiid dollars iii l.vSl. There is comiiiunicatiou by .steamer with all purls on the .sound. 111 iiish ( 'oliiinliia. and S.m I'laii iseo. There is also railroad cominiiiiicatioii ilirecl to the Allanlic Stales and with On-mi and ('a'lfmnia. New Taeoma is the, cminty .seat of I'leree Connly, which has a pupnlaliim of about twelve thousand iieojile, en.^^a.ued in aciiculinre, lunibt'riiiK> coal, and other industries. In ISSI the assc-sed value ol the inoperty in the couuty was lour am), a half luillions of dollars. i I ' |i G18 PACinc r«»Asr pilot. fi ' I'll III' ^i^- %, Ml 1 1 i I i! *; COI.VOS I'ASSAGK ■ WchavoclM'ivlion- iiu'iiticn.^il iliat l.rtoiv tlif -curnil iis,. uC si,.;iiii.tn-s on ihcs,. w.,;. „|„l bt'foro tllt> tli'vclupiiKMit olTacoiii;! us ih,- t.rnnmi-i ol' i I imiimoiiI iiifiilal r;iilii.;i,l. Iliis j.mns.ij,- «',. tli.> .iiiiiost iiivan.ibls iisc.l sliiiM-li.iiiiifl lor v.>.>.sfls lo ami Iroin I'li-ct Sniiinl. Ii i-, i,,| ( i,, , , w.'si.iii si r,...r \ ash. .11 Islaii.l am! ilh'fast.Tii simiv of 111.' <;ivat I'ciiiiiMila. li is .■(.•\, ;i ,in,| . liall' iinlfN I. HIV' ami m-aily stiai^lil ,in a fcmiM' suiitli l.y t'asi. |i has a \cr> ic.uiilai Mulih i.| ,„, mil.', wiih li;;.'li l.liilVslH.rcs. Muir.l l.\ III I. .IIS .small h.u .saii.l imhhIs maKiii- .'mi a simri ,i m.iii.-,. Iioni 111.- ta.-f <.r Ih.' I. lull, au.l all having m-,., .hi |. wat.r ..IV them. Th.' nml chaiincl (lc|.ii,-; iu, lin.v 1.1 siMvlivc rallh.iiis ovfi' i.ii.' ^;i-a\ sami ami ;;ravcl. A \ rss.l iiia\ amhcr aii>«h.'i ., eitlu'i- ,sliiii(> if sill- has nxiiii l«i swiii^'. The licst am-hma-.' is iimlcr ih.' tMstirii sin. re. u. ..: iii-ilh . i.traiici-. ai'.Hit .mic ami a half iiiih's iiisulf .>l' I'.imiI N'avhoii. Thi'if is her.' a sli;;lii i, , ,i ami lii.'aKiiiu ih.wu o( lu,- hli.iV. and a v.'sscl will liiid .•mcHciiI am'h.)ia^;v in li\i. i,i i.n i i,,,,,,, iif watiT. 'I'liis amlh.ia;;.' is kn.nvn as I'mi Ctin,^ and llii- low |ii)iiil li.riiiiiii; the .siinthiih iioi, 1> Point I'cttT, Tiu'if Is usually nmrt' wind in (his pa-sHairt' Mian in the inoad passa^;.- l.i the castwaK! .i \ , sImui Isiaml. ami niiirh slniiimT iinifiiis. while at ih.' in.ith .iitrami'. l.iluc.ii I'oiiit Wish .n ii.l I'dakf l-laiid. Is III.' anchoiiii- ;.:i miml nf A llcii Haul,, all. .idy iK-siiil.rd. I'liiic al.' n.. Kiimvii daiifitis III this |.,is.savi'. Sim (• the hnildili': ol ra.'i.Mia almost all mssc' ; iiiiiniim to llic h.'ail of the soiiiiil, |o ( i ali.l oihcr [ilai'ivs, ;;o li\ \\ a.\ iil' ; he w i.l.' jLissayc l.i'twc.n \ asjion Isl.iml and llif .a-:. slii'ic. This inaili passa;;.' slionhl 1... naliicd loi i «'rt'ifiiic <'ol\os I'assa;;.' is rai.l\ iisid . (.| hv tn^'s towing rafts of li>;;s to the iioilln\aiil. Iii'.miisc it alVoids the must duct .'hi. .iiin i i i . • thoslmrtfr ilistam.'. Smn.'tim.'s si.miii boats from Tacoma ;o S.Mtth' t.iU.' th.' ('..1< ..s I' i - ,_, a<'f: lialf iiiii.'s. I>o>)kii>y:')ii ot this jiassa^e to lli<' iiorthwaiii .Moniil Haker shows distiin'tls iiid \ii\ ■• . fully iM liear wi-athei. Toiii! V'.islioii, .(I the iioilli eiilram'e, has aliea.ly lucii desnilied. I'.iiNr .si.t I iiwiii; I II. The north entraiiec of the < 'oh us I'a.ssap' is one mil.' « i.le li.'l « eeii I'oiiit X'ashon an.l i Hii.ltliworlli, thi'lali.i Ileal ilij^ Ileal l\ west solithn.sl li oin t h.' loriml . It is low ii.ar 1 !:■ ! lillt ll--i's to ,( li!;;h wooili .1 iiliill. It has di-ep w.n.r close iimlei lis .solUheasl slih', lilll .liM ia.i\ he ii.iil ..It ihi iioitli fate \ii;h stion,,' firreiit ;. IiAI.fu l>i:!M. This Is til,, .south western pi>inl ol \ .ishon Ishiml, where .he ( 'ohns I'ass.im' opeii~ '■'■ .-ioiilhw aid. 'I'lie soiii hei niiiosi poiit of tin- i-l.iiiil Is N.ill ''onl. wliiih is iieail\ ,i mil. ■ eastwai'l '.I l>.ih.i I'miil. I'ln- li.,imi point is a ino.leratel.N I i li \n..oiIii1 liliilV, villi ii.. .h |iouil, hem;,' a l.iii;,' |..iimlin^ -hoic. It tonus the north siih ..f th.' eiitraiiee liom I'll;:, i >■ ami Col'.. is rass.iL'e into ilie lir.>a.|.'r wale's ..f the soiiinl a.nl inlet to the ea.stwi'.ld. .\hi' f It loth. >oill h s.i.i;hN> '■ . IS I'ollil l>elian.-e, the neai'i-.sl -hole ol whiell is one an. I one ihi (llslaiil Here the south elilian.i' to ('oIm.s I'.iss.i^e Is on.' ami se\. n el;:lllhs miles will' deep waters elose iilider I he shores, iaii;4niti fmm I went y to lblt\ f.ithoins d.'ep, o\ er ;;ra,\ sai >: hmI ;;ia\id, l.iil with,. I",enl\ latho'a pateli al the meet Hi;; ol I he Ihl..' pass.l,L;es, alt I uli iiearei the west.in slior.'. .V»i7/ I'nnit, as seen when oil I'.. ml n.liahei', is a hi;:h sloping hliitf .omhmI with li.. Im'.u'Ii, without any hii^dit .\ posed (.art. There is a \ii.\ iiaiiow Ii.m. h at lii^:li water. '^1 i'^'r " IK f I(Al.('ii I'AS.'iAliK. To properly d('Mi>.'iial»- the piiMnaR*") iM'tw.fii I'oiui l>ehame ami 'he south i iid of Vanlion I'liilwaf 111^' N.iII am] Oah-o I'oiiils, we lia\e named it ih.' Daleo I'assap-. II opens into 1 I iWM ttt the Miiithwest. iiilo Colvos l'assa;relo the uorthwi-st, into ("oiiiiuclieeincllt l!a\ • ' Niiiii..| i.v II.. I' s l'\i.i..iiiiu r.\|...liii I'^ll I Niiiii.il l.> ll.i I'. S C.ie.l iSiiiv. V III l-.%T. i;^s oil 1 licsc w Mil ,;|i,i lilli;lil. Illis ll:|>-,i ,. ^v |. ml. 1 1 IS Idiiiifil li\ Hi, ilhl. It is (■(.•\r!i .111(1 ., •r> icuiiliii w iilili III „|., >lll^ "Ml II slmrl il ^I.liin mill cliitiincl iit'iiti,-. ;ii, llirlior ;iii> \\ Iiim'- Mini. - •MsttTii slnnc. Ill ,,i ih, !•• llCIT ;l sJiMJll 1, . , ,|i|,_ • 111 liM' III Irli l,i!li,i||,, mil; llif Siiiiliiri !■ i ' ll |i.|,| I, ami I lir raslci;. ln.i: if IS r:iii'l\ ii-imI <\ri'|.i tlircci I'lili rmiiMii iiii.j • till' CoImi- l'as-,i_i..,i, < Sratlli- !p> Ilir < ..1^(K SSil^II' I WclllV ll\ I ili.i .1 tilH'th llltl MTV '•' *•■' 'iiiiil \'asli()ii aihl !'.' n: I IS lipw iirar till > ,iiii, asl sulf, lull .iiitlfiM^i' ■;^l.!; m ■i I'assairi' iipi'ii- ■ i !i I Is luMi i\ a iiiili I :!.' I liliill. \< nil im ii< '< llicr riiilii I'iIl;« I S Kiii.l ■ rastVM'ld. .\!ii. I •• •■' iilir all. I mil' I III ;:liilis miles Will' . HI i't'|i. (i\ f|- ;;la\ sai ■' iH'l .s.l:.;t's, .il(liip|i-!i Ji» iVi'li'il WItli llrr lii;;li (vatri. Ii I ml tfi!aii>.pni Kt'lmii inlaml, >^ -A Tiiiiji!> J'liU'-l ■-■ .i 1 troll, tl,, N. ■.»*»*•'' ^'SWr'tnt . S0' I'liint l>iti»iiit, .""W . ^ S , !• mkIi'i N -h I'.. ml, •» mil.- tulriiiii' li. (Ill- .NaiiiirtB s'^i'^'!}fSm m 'ity't' m 1 ..V 1-l.llHl. I'Miiii 1 ,.„l,,k. .1. , tl.lllj 111! .V.l' IO« - S*»sr:' Kulriiiii' ii, ilii- Naiiiiwn idui Hi.' Nli tlii-H^i. I'.iiril I'lid'i , I i nil' ■'* ! !a' |i >■ "Hi Si . •' » 1 I I 1 is ^ ■1 . ,4^ 1 1 '81 " lilMf fl^K 1 ■ 1 3 il ll iM • '^^ f w • i' 1.1. 1 i. i ■ , I - i| . •1 >t lUA^ rAriru' coast pilot. 619 .Mst-MHitlipast, jin.l inlo tlic l.ioail wiit.Ms ..f il,.- inlet iiii.ItT Mi.nv.v Island. T\w, ]y.issa one mile uide; for two miles the eoiir.se is >.iiiiheast one thiid east, eurvinj; ,-raduall\ witli a sli-liily decreased width to south lialf west for ihi.'e miles, when the waters of the sound open to the south ami to the west. The avcia;;e width ..t the Narrows is about tiiicelbiirlhs ot' a mile : ilie shores are In-li, hold, ami in some places rocky. riic siirniuit of theelitfs is" ..d. Tlie depth of walcr lliioiiMhthe mid channel ran;;-cs iVoiii tiiirty to forty fathoms, witi. deep water closi> under the shores. The eastern shore is the bolder, having' twenty :'atl s of water within |\m> hiiinlieil .\aicls of tlie (■lill^ : ijie threefathom line is close under Ihe shoic. Midway llirou;;li The Nairows ilic In-h. Ion--, roiimliiii;- point on Ihe west side is 1'oinl ICvans, and close under it we t'oiind a Miiilveii rock wiih kdp ,nonml it and in other patches alonj; the shore. Tliisdan;;er is called Fr.nis h%,rl.. ;ind licsalioiit one hundred and thirty \ arils otl' the shore, and is just a little ih oilNiini Kxaiis. It lias alioiil lour ami a half feel .if water upon it at exlreiiiehnv tides, and the pilot > of I he steam boats have special marks and ran;;es lia- its location w hen passin;: close to it. it is loeallv know as the •• I'.owhler." .\t theeMreme low tides of the year, about .lune, this roek shows Just above the water Ibr a feu minutes at the stand. Pt'tii -3 I Tin: iiinjf.NT.s IN iiii; nvi;i;(iws. In mid ehaniKd the re^Milar llooil and ebb cuiieiils are always found lo run Croin oiielialf to an hour after 1 he rise oi' f.ill of the I idc. 'I'iicrc are ;;cnerally coiisideiable eiirrenl l ips, especially .11 Ihe sprilif^-tides, with si ion;; swirls, w hicli make the u ,ilcr \ eiy roii;;h and daiipToiis Ibi small iio.it>, more particlllaiiy when Ihe w inds arc i unliaiy lo ll;e lurrenls. On the east side of The N.irrows, and soiiih it' I'oint niiiance, a slioii;; eddy cm rent is roinid on the llood'tide from about abreast of Toiiii l^v iiis to roiiit licliame. I'his eildv is much ii^cd l>,\ small steamers, but ;;reat care niiisi be e\erciM(l u hen i |o,-.e lo I'oini I leliaiice, if bound lliroiij,'h the Daleo i'assaft*' to Tacoma. to haul mil -radii, ill\ lo im el tiie slioiii; lio id al llicpoinl either liow on or tpiartcrin;.^ Oil the slaiboard bow, instead of riinninL; into ii almo>t at liyhl an;;les. Ihe line between the llood and the edd\ is well iii, irked by the ''jp. mni ,is Imih (airrcnls are stroiifj;, care is demanded. On tiie west side of The Narrows, between I'oint I'',vaiis and (iifi Harbor, there is a strong; eddy current on Ihe ebb tide. This edil.v is always taken achanta;: ■ of by steam 1 oats and Miiall irall, but the pilots of boats iisin^;' Ilii> edd.\ miisi he cm I'lil lo keep char of ■■ ihe I'.oulih Koek, ilreativ iiesciiiicii II IS not 1 laii;;crip|i-. Ill lai:;e cial'l, because liny wmild mil ap pmach so near to the shoic. <>ii the wot side of The Nail liiu ~. bet \M III I'liilil l''.\ aii> and Toint ■osdiek, there is slaidv water \e under the shore diirili;; liic llood, but onl> Ihe smallest ciafl can take advanta^^c of it. In densely smoky wcaiher the sicaiii boats Use the echo of tha hteain-wlii.stk' to learn tlieir 1 li\ V. est t III tlirei'lonrtlis ol a mile to nneipnirter of a mile i,i the e\lrei!iil> . Ill The Naiiows. It is the western- The Narrows and that ■III decleasiiii;- in w idtli b\ several sleps. I'.e t (NW bv W.l. Il leil;;e or shelf of rock ban' at low water. Tin- Iwceii lii;:h and low water mark there is a iiaiiov\ lace of tliis roek is almost perpendicular, with live la otl' tun fatlioniK over rockv boitom. Abo\. this n.cky iid;;c there is a thorns of water alongside, and at 70 yards se of 1(1 feet, a slope reiwidn).' <1(> feet hi^lier, and a third i^e "I loft feel, .ilio \e which the head is driisely wootknl and ()20 I'ACII'IC CoAsi I'li.oT ^- 'h *i ! I M tlu' Kioiiiul risos >;ra.liiall\ hihui.!. Tlif t;icc ol llir clill is t.>i> slrrp for Incs, iiiiil is a l.p In vil low coli.r. Til.' iiorili face i.f tlic |i<)iiit I. inks diifctlv into Ci.Ivds l'aNsa.;v. On the .m>: !,|i. ,.| tlic j.oint lilt' trc.'s I'oiiu' down lo til.' licacli, wliicli isv.-r.v iiaifow, aii.l (•..vciv.! at In-!, «;ii,.| TlitTo is v.'iy hol.l Walt r .lose nn.l.r Ih.- p.iini, and tin' .•niicnts and sln.nj; .(l.licN cNiM ,,i„iim,i tlio point on till' tl.io.l. dill //.iW».r.— On til.' west. 'Ill si.lo ol 'I'll.' Nan'ows, at tlic iioilli y N.) t'lo'ii Point Kclianci'. The soiilli.a-t ptiiMi ,,| 'ill,. N;iiniws is l»a\ Island, ami tli.' south w.'st point is I'osili. I. I'njiit, ii.'ail.N al'iiMsl .if l>a> Islaml. Th.-y ai.'i iiiili' apart, mat Iv cast ami west. /'ill/ IsIiiikI .1)ii7«i/(/(/«. — At the south cnliamt' to Tli.' Naiiii\vs,..ii the castci n si.lc. |||,■'.■I^ , small, naii.iw. pii.i.'.'iiiiLr p.np' •:;iiii tin- cast. 'i ii slion-, which foiinsa lit! 1.' cove .ir iii.l.aii.i; ,,!, 111.' north sill.'. The main shore itself is low and icc.'.l.'s sli^htlv. thus addiii,:; to the si/e i| ili,, littl.'co\e. AMchoiai,'.' is hail in tiftcn fathoms of water, lint there arc sti.ni.u' swirliiij; iim ichn wliich make it an iiiieomfortalil.' Iieiih. On the south side of this little peninsula, a, 1. 1 oiii-kI, th, kel|i. aiieh.)ra.^'.' may also li.> had. hiil the enrr.'iits are .^Iron.ir. There is a small patch ot kcl|., uitl, bowldeis, close oil' Day Islaml. I'UGKT SOUNIJ. This miiiie is apiilic.I in its oriijiiial m.-aniiii,' tor the sake of siilidividiiii; these walci> I ii ■, The Narrows the. chanii.'l had lie.'ii liioad, op.'ii, and marly slrai^dil v. smil h of The Narnn - ii,i shore liii.' ot' the sound and of th.' islamls in it aiiioiints totwohnndr.il an.l ei;;lity mih^. uiili dee|i water allium: almost e\iMy mil.'. The main li.id\ .if th.- nil. I lies tn th.' south and w.'si w.inlu! The Narrows, and the ditl'.'lent arms or inlets stretch throii'^li t wi'iit> -t wi> niih's of lal itiiili- .iii.i twciit.N one miles of loiijiitinle, with on.' liranch reachinjj within two miles of the li.'a.Iw.iiii >.> I lood's ( 'anal. The ^.'iieial w idlh of the main .'haiinels is on.' mil.', and the dcplli of water i-- mii): .'i.'iit for tlic lai;;.st \ .'ssels t liriiii;;liiiiil ami r.-achi's .ui.' Iiiindr.d falhoiiis. Thedaiiuei^ u .1 lli.'s.' .'h. inn. Is ar.' leu, and mily twn aie in the nmin elianiiels and rc.piir.' maikiii;;, Th.' na\iL;ali'in is \rt\ simiile in ;;ooi| w.'ather. Imt in thick and fo^;;;\ weathi'iit ie.|Mirc>,i full local kiiiiw I.iIl;.- of the em I cuts an.l t h.' pi'.'iiliarilies of the echo, s from all 111.' points pi-Mii hy till' sle Mil liiiats. With a know l.'d^^e ot' th.' tide and .111 reiils t lie captains and pilots mi n f.);,';,'y or thick sniok\ w.'atli.'i li.\ eonrses aid I im.' dislaiic.'s, ami when appioacliiii;^ aii\ |i'iiii they as.eiiaiii Its .lisianc ami li.aiiii;: liy the echo of tli.'ir sl.'am w hisile signal fmiii the >liiiii\ In our hi'.t tup fnnii 01\ mpia tn St.'ilacoum and iiorlhw aril in a \ cr.v thick I'oi; t he steam In'. ' «.i- run .it lull speed of ^;i\ .11 courses ami th.' t line dislaii.es tor an .stimat.'d eonditi.ai of ll ■ 1; rents ; I he echo- r'l'oin th.' el ills alw ays rc\ t'al.'d ih.'ii' prii\imil> ami direction. No luinnte 1 ' . diriil ions could l>e draw n up to tak.- t he place of th.- local know lei 1;;.> and experience of t ic 1 '-. ami jiciiei.d .lireciions are only snj,';,'i'sti\e in t;ood w.'atliei-, for the eliail is the liest tiiiidc. Theic is an immense 1 urn tier lMisine8.s .'arried on in the sound, an.l this, w itU ae;ri.'nli n' > KtiK'k raisiiij;, li.i\e Imil up maii\ towns alonj; Ilii- sh.ires and in the adi.tc.'iit coiiiiti'y. 'I'Im I cIi i is w.i.Mleil to the edci' 1 f the elills, «'\ee|it where cleared for aj^ii. '1111111.'. On th.' shore- e' !!■ .s.Hiiid an- the t"W ll- iif .sieilaeoom, «>lynipia, Tiimwat.'i. .\ii adia, Oakl.ind, ami ..lli.'is. I'rom the hea.l .>f the sound at Ol; inpia there is .liieet laili.iad commiinication with 1 ' luinhia Kiver. oiil> titty mil.- south, and tiie In ,cl water- nf Oia ,'s I l.irl'or i.'.ti h within a t. - Thise\lensi\i' iiil.'t was n, lined l'ii;;e|"s Soiinl l>.\ V.imoiiver in .liiiie, IT'.IJ, 111 compli n l.ieilt.'liant I'njjet whoe\pl.inil it. .\ I t h.' pH'seiit t ime the iiaiiii' inclml.s also the w liol. • iiiiraity inlet. Hll',ll..\('0etiaiicc, is the I .St« ilaeooin, sitiiate.l npiui .1 iisin- MiitV. The ^;round uses to one hniidi.d and tift.N feel, liatehedwith trees; liiliiiid the crest, .ni llieh'vel land, i.s the « )ret;on pine, 'i'hci.' is ,1 w h llif Nli'.im boat laiidiii;,', and in appruaeliin^; 111 thick weather tlieeelio ol the vessel's steam ■ JH \ery jjood. VeK.seks approaehiiiK tlii.s from the iiorthwanl keep aloiiK iimli'r lli.' eastern sli.u.' ; '<• Hlm'a.sl of lliesouth eiitraneet.i The Narrows a "aioa.l pa.sNapiopfiis to the w.-t, wiliith.' sou .1 the west shure of the main • em I .1 lux Island loniiinu the soutii .-horeof t ae iiawsagi i'ai'II'k; coast I'li.oT. 621 .s, iiiiil is a lu' III vii . (»n the (Ms! 111,. i,|' ivcrtMl M lii-li w;,|,,| ;;■ cdtlics cxi.si .iiiiiiinl let- :iii(l ilimi :■, o|.|mi u alcr III the ilijh,.,. ill lllllcs Uc-,1 I \ ll.illli nillt is I'dSilli l> I'liiiil, I. aslcili side. till''.. Is ;i ■ ■nii;r swirling i'I'iiimii,> iisiila, a. Ill iiiiisjiii t|„, all jiatcii i w .in! ui inili-s III' laliiiiilr .Hill of tin- liraihN.iiri > .1 h'ptli III' wain Is >iilli , Till' ilaiii;i'i> ih ill! iiiirkiii^', XM-atluT il iri|iiin's ;i I all till- jMiiiits |>;ivM'i| iliis ami jiiliiis I nil III |i|iiiiai'liiii;; aii\ |Hiiiii lUM.ll t'llllll I 111' ,-lnirv>, hl; I 111' sti'aiii Ihi.i! «,i> I riillilitloll III' tl'i (III- III. Nl; liiillllli' .- iilili;' .(HTii'iiri' 1)1' I 111' |. lcpt.>, (III- lii'st );iiuli'. , \> Itll il^jllrilllill' .11 'I II ciiUllllN. Till I iliil < Ml till' .slliili- '■< liii' anil ulliiTs. iiii'atiuii w itll 1 ; ' ill w illiiii a ll" T'.l-, 111 rii|ll|il III' alxi till' w hull < > H'llaiirr, IS till- !• 'll ami lift.N I'll 1. 'I'lll'll' is ,1 W il. vcssi'Ts .steam easti'iii sli.iM' ; ■ 111'" I'st, with till' suii 1-: i' of till' iiiaiii «•!. nil into tlio soiiml. Tliis main clianiii'l is lin-i' almiit srvoii ciglit hs uf a inili- wiilc. The slinics of tlio main limil ami of (In- islaml are Imlil, lii-li, ami Dfiieail.v iiiiiroriii elevation, ami eoveieil with Iroca. One mile south of l''o\ Islaml ami mie mile oiniiceast shore lliiieisa roiiMeenloot slioal mai'kiMi i.valiiioy; lietweeli it ami the main shore l here is tilly fallioiiisor water. .\ vessel keeps llio ,a,.lerii shoreelo.si' ahoanl. ami irimiiinl lor .Sieilaeoom amliors olV the town in liltecii lalhoins of ualerover haril liottom alioiit lour hiimlieil vanls oil' the shore. Tlie eiirrent ri|) in tin; diaiiiu'l ilireiisl of the town is l'rei|iieiitly siiflicieiit. with a lillle wiiiil, to swaiii|ia small boat. Onthis tottii Ironi (Million Point to ahleasl 'I'oliva Shoal there is a siiaee of oiieliffh to two- iilthsof a mile between the twenty f.itliom anil the inner I liree t'atlioiii eiirve, with liott of siiiid .mil .saiiil ami shells. Oil' the muiilli of Sieilaenom i;i\ii the lliri'el'.ill i iiirve extends out four liiimlreil yaiils. Tidisal .S7c//(;ei»'.//(.— 'I'he Coireeteil INlalilishnieiit, or mean iiilerval lietweeii the liiiu- of tlio iiiooirslraiisil anil the liiiieofhi-ii water, is Wll II-. 'I'lie mean rise ami fall of tides is iiiiio .iiid two tenths feel, of s|iriii-- tides, ten and niiie-leiiths I'eel, and n.' nea|i tides, seven ami live- tenths feel. The mean ilnratiiin of the HoimI is (1' 7". of IheeMi, (V l.s", and of the stand l.'.S"'. I'lie dilVerelieeliel ween the ri.se of the lii-hesl tide and the fall of 1 he lowest tide observed was I lull teen and tlilee tenths feet. The greatest ditl'i'relii'e observed between llielieii;lit of the two low ualersof one day was twelve and two teiillis feet, and the j; re.it est ditlereiiee between the hi{;lier infill and the lower low waters of a day was seven and ses en tent lis, The tides of the saiiio diiy are •ueiieially iineiiual in |iro|ioi'lioii to the iiioon's deelinatioii. The lime and hei;;ht of e\ery tide thniiiulioai the > e.ii eaii be oliiaiiied li\ eonsultiujj; the Tide T.ililesof the I'aeilie Coast, |niblislii'd annii.ill.v 1),\ tin- f, S. ( 'oast and deodetii- Survey. Till' extreme ian;:e of tides observed lieie dm in;; llie siir\ i y was eiuliteen leet and onetoiitli. The SleiUiiimm 1,'lrir is a small stieam (iii|ityiii^' into the soiiml one mile noitli of the town, Imt it is now loeally known as Chimbers Creek. On the .■\diiiiriilty ehart of bSKJ it is called tlio Chmlley K'iver, and the aneliora;;r in tin- Irniil ol' il Ibatli \)a\. Fori SIrlldctiDiii is an old military post w hieli w as loeated on a small f,'ra\ elly [irairio iiboutone mile northeast by east fiiuii the town, w il li a mad leadin;;' to ilie t-)wii ami another to the. river. It has been abandoned as a mililai.v jmst, .mm! is imu used .is the .\sylmii fur the Insiiue. There is reeiilar steam boat eiiiinei'tion .\ lili all the Sniiinl |nirts, and also li'le;;raiilii(',('oinmuiii- lation. The eoiintry aroiind St. ih eooiii ami Nisi|iiall,\ is only moderaleiy adapted to a}rricultui'e, ex- (•('lit alon;; the Milleys of il.e small streams. I'lir forest woods are oak and spruce. The mean animal rainfall at frnt Steilacooiii, latitude 17 (i7 , .iiid iliiee Imndied feet above the waters of the sound, was titty live and live tenths imliis fiom ls|lt to 1,S."m. In winter the rainfall was twenty-four and six tenths inelies, ii, spiiie; ileveii and two tenths, in sniiiiiii'r three and eijjlit liiiths, and in ailtnmn lil'leen and ei;.'lit leiilhs. 'I'lie mean ti'iiipeiaHire of the year from four vears' observations was , "id .7 l-'ahreiiheii : in winter il was .'i'.l .0, in spriiii; lit .(», in slimmer (i.'P.3, and in autumn .">'_' .-. 'I'he pronnnciation of the iiaiiie Sieilaeoom as iziveii to lis b\ the I mil, ins is Tchir-iecum. On the .\ilniiralty chart for Isl7 it is ealled Chelakonm. l''ii\ ISIVNl).* The .soutlieast end of the ishiml lies a mile and a half south of The Narrows and readies vvithin .seveti eij;litlis of a mile the main shore mi the east, ll is tour and onethird miles Ion},' iioithwest bs west and , southeast b\ e.isi. w iih an aM'ia.i;i' w idtli of one u.ile. 'fhe passaj:e between It and the main land to the north is over a mile w ideal the i.istern entrance abreast of Day Island, and halt .i mile w iile .it the western parLwIieie it is known as lliih's /'(i.s.s'rtj/c. There is deep water and no known dan-ers thion-h the wheieof this pas,sai;e. Tlie northeasternmost ]ioint of ihe island isabii-ht \ellow clitl, esiimated M lie .seveiitv feet hi.uli. and covered with Orcj;oii I lie to the eilj^e. Hale's Passaj^e was nanieil b> the riiiiei! Stales I'.xiiliifliiu I'Apcililinn in ISIt, Imt lie same, II. line was ;;iveii to the |iassai;i the east si,|e ol l.niiiiiii Island in Washington Sound. The channel between Pox Island and McNeil Isl.nid. leadiiiL; iioilhwesl to Carr liiht, is ealled nruco <'liaiiiielon (he Admiralt v cliait in ISjC. • K'l.sioi.i ImI:iii.1. AilfMii:ill\ . iKiri. N" I'-"* "I' '■'•'' .^m t it W' ' I fi22 I'ACIl'IC COASI' IMI.OT. W'hollorhit /?rti/.— Tliis is ;i mo.lrr;itcl\ \\ j.lc l).is .i|i|.|iii»K iiito llic mirlli sid." nf II;, l|, i,,. !*:\jH\ opposit,. til.' iiiiilillc of til." noilli .sIk.iv of l'.i\ Man.!, itii.l oi nl.' west nf j'tiiiit r..v,: , K,,,, 111.' s.ilitli .•lili;iiii'«' Ii> riif Nanows. I'li,. ,„]] |ial.> sln.i.'s ,,\ tins l.,i_v ilic low, lisiiiM ,,, ,„„|,,,| lii-li laiiil. It «'jirrifS(l.-o|. wal.r for one an. I a half mil. -s. vxlu'ii .•i;;lii latlioiiis isfoiin.l ; ||„ n,,,,,. failioiiiciir\.' is ncv.'f inon- than ls\o liiin.li.'.l vanls from Hi., shores. V\,y iIii.m. f.mi lll^ oi , imi,, lilt' hav runs to th.' iiorihwanl an. I linn .iirvcs -ia.liiall> to tlit> iiortliwt'st h\, west ^^\V. I., \\ . , ami tlitit'foi.' it alVor.ls a ;ioo.l slu'ltcr*-.! an.'liora''f. ( 'f- « I* . &B '{ if llplr Tlil,l\ \ SIDAI,. This (lanu'.'r li.-s dirccllv in th.' liiif of ih.> soiiihfrii . iitranc.- to 'riK. Narrows, it i^ , ■ from (mIisoii I'oint at tin- s.iiith.'a>l part ..f I'.ix l«laml. .m.' mil.' from tli.' .aslcrii main sin. oii<> an. I a half mil. 's liom Hicilacxim. \Cssfls li.iiiml n|. th.' soiin.I t.i Sicilaf.t.mi, or dii.M'l to or ficiiii .v I'.al.'h's 1' , -i-,, niii.sf U'warc of this .sli.>al. Th.' cvti'iit within Ih.' I lii-f lalhoin .MirN.' is alMnu .mi' I Ii.m.umI liflv yanls. ami llii'ic ar.' two .>potson it, si\t.\ s.inls aj.ai i in 1 in.' to th.' p.iini of Ton Ul.iml. ulml, li.n.' t.milf.'n t.cl of w al.r upon them. (» f ihcs.' shoal palcli.'s is si\t\ yards in I'M.'iii lutl,, thri'i' fathom limit, riic liotloiiion the shoal aii.l ar.)iiiiii it is foul ami is niaik.'d l>y a p.ii.lin; k.'lp. nnisjdcoi it III.' wal.'r IS \ crv .l.'.'p, the I \' .'111 V f.ilh.iiii .iirNC comiii;; .dos.- up to and ai"i iiijii I'lciin Ihf w.-I >idi' ol til.' slio.il Ihi^ I wi'iil\ I'athoin .iirx.' r.'a.di.'S n.'arl,\ to Toint < i ili--ori i.!( 1 ..\ Ulan. I. 'I'll.' II in.' Ill lip upon th.- shoal is \ir.\ ;;iim(, and w iih a lit tit- wind it lais.'s a coiiIiimiI. shiiil sw.'ll siiiliri.iit t.t sw.iiiip .1 small lio.it. Till", .l.iiij;.'!- IS now m.iiKcd hy a siiniiilclitns nun Ininii, jiiiiiili il icitli linri-.inildl niloid './ii. ' styijiis. Il i> pla.-.'.l in twtnly -.cs .n I..I .if w .ii.'i In t hi' .cnt.-r of t li.' shoal, ami ma\ he p.issnl on i-itiifr hand lis ^'ixili;,' il a ;;o.iil li.'ilh. Il is hwaU'il by th.- IoIIowiiil; li<'arin|;s and .listanr.'^: N.irlli.a>.l '.hI.' r..\ NIaiKl N. 1 i;. Ij mmI.>. N.irtli ^ill.' Ml Niil l .hart. No. I'.HT, in I^IH. h i.i- foriiK'rh .alh-d S.aili.iroii^h Shoal. ma ' M I M .NKII. ISLAM). This lar;;(> islaii.I lies west iiortliwcst fnnii Sti'ila.-o.tiii, distant tw.ian.l liv('.'i^;lillis mili-. »:r, depths i.'a.'hin^' on.' hnmhr.l fal homs in thi' lnoad tdiaiiiii'l lit'tw.'.-n them, and w il li .licp .ii> . and no Known daii;;)'rs mi.l.'i th.- sh.n.'s. The islaml is alioiil three miles in its lon;;er .liannli:. West s.inihw.'st an.) east northeast, and tw.iaml a i|ii.irl.'r miles noitli an. 1 south. Il.t\ a .liannel one and a half miles wl.h', iiniiiiii. norlhwesl hy west (NNV. hy \V.) for some miles into ( 'air Inlet. I'lelweeii the south sid.' "I ili isl.iml ami th.- n.irth si.le of .\iideis.iii I-lan.l llieie is a eoiiiparalively narrow elianml, kiinv h ,i- iSal.h's l';issa;;.'. McNeil Islaml is |ii;;li ami woo.l.'.l. willi liij.'li, liliilf shores, liroK.n al il.. . i end ; an. I on the .southeast si. I.' t.iw.trds Sl.'il.ie.iom tlier.' is loeali 1 Ihe T.'iiilorial penilcnii ii\. This islaml i-, .all-.l l»iint/.' Isl.in.l .m th.' .\diiiiiall\ .hart id' l.Slli, ami the eastern eMo in. n is named l>yke Toinl, and on the present . hails llyd.' roiiit. MiM * '.y AMiKliS'iN ISl.AMi. This is aiiolher lai;.'.- isl.iml l\iii;:iii th.' >oiin.! w.'st s,,iitliwest from Sleilaeoom. TIm '-■■■■ si.l.' lies .ipposili- MeN.il Islaml, with lial.h's I'assa-i- 1..I we.'ii 111. 'in. It is iiio.leral.'i.N In. i wiio.led. w iih .hep water aroiin.l the shores, ami no know n dan;;. 'is. Il is a little <)\ei llin ■ ' '~ from St.'ilafo.im. ami is lour niil.s loiij.'. north noiihwisi and south southeast, ami ahoiil t '• a half miles l.ioa.i. The s.inthern .'ml reaeli.sw.il downinlo Hit' broad .soiiIImmii pait soiiii.l opp.isiie the mouth 'if Ihe Nis.pially lliv.'i. oiil\ Ihi..' loiiiths of a mile from tiie N: 1-lals. Th-ieare ;,'o.m1 passa;,'es all aroiin.l Hi.' islaml, with III.- l.roa.lest towards Nis.|iial!v i- 111^' Ihi- Nis.pially liea.h. ami th.' narrowest lowai.ls M.N.il Isl.in.l. this laller f.'iiinii;; l.'l' I'assau.'. In roiimlint; Tiiikii l'..iiil, the .soulli p.. ml ol Amleisoii Islaml, L'ive it a K'><>«1 '»'•"'• ' ■ "'" foul liottoin exists here. In III.- southeast si. I.' of .\ii.lerson Island lli.l.- is a .leep iinlelilalioli .if line.- loiirlhsol : i ■• III:* ^ % b^A^ ^ ^ siili' of \\a\U I'.i,. 1(1' roiiii I'tis.i . K, .11 iw, I islli;;' to > .M,i|,.,| in Inllliil : till Ihi'i'i' let' liHll tlis ii' , Mill,. west ^N\V. 1., U.. rows. Il j-i n' . Illllc .Icl'll IlliUII sill. II . .Illll I.V I'.alrirs I', -i-r, mil niir IiiiihIi. li .iinl of \'n\ IsImMiI. .\ liirli linl.S III (■\lllll In ill,. lillUfd Ip.V :\ jMli li III si> ll|i to iiliil .ili'iilnlit. Tojllt ( iillMHI oil I il\ il raises a c .nhiMil. iliiiilill 11(1 iiifl I'ldil. I, anil iiias ln' iii--miI liiijis mill ilistaiii'i ^: I j iiiil,'«. ;i mil.-.. 1!M7, III IMii. Il ".I- v»'-t'ii;litlis mill-, \mi1i , illlll W illl lllip '■ .III! II its loli;,'i'r (liiiini'liT. I .SDiitli. r.rtVM<-ii i;< If miles wiilr. luiiiiMi: till- SOIllll .Mill' I'l III'' iw i-liaiini'l, Kiii'^Mi .1^ s. liroUcli at 111' 1.I-' litoiial iii'iiili'iiti.ii\. till' fiist»'rin'.vti'iu:lj ti'ilarooiii. 'Ill'' ' ''"■ s iiii)ili'rali'l.\ lii::li .i'"' liltli' oMT iliri' ;"i'''- . «illi f.,„Ml water rio.se to eitluT |ioiMt, 1 leeper iiniler the ,si,i,||, |,oiiil. TliffivelaihoMi Illl,. ivaelies neailv lialfamile into the l.a\, «iih iiiinl.lv liotlom. Tho iioiiits ofeiiliaiiee lie iioith li,\ east ami .south l.v west Imin ,.^1, h other. On til.. Coast Snrve.N eharl il is eaileil On, |la,\ . <>ll the .\iiiniialt.v ehail, I.S|(i. Ji is ealled l.'e.lil r.a.v. The total .ilipseor the .sun was oli.serveil on the s,,ii|h shore of tliishav l.v llie Mii-li.sl, r\|ii'ililiiiii, -Inly l.s, |.S(i((. This islaml is ealleil Kis-ur,l [.sLiml on the same .\,||iiirall\ eiiait.aml ll.ileh's l'a.ssaj;e i.s iiaineil llii' IJ.vdei' (Mianiiel. Ki;ri,'i).\ isi.wii. Tins is ;i narrow islaml one ami onelonrlli miles hmy;, lyin- parallel with the main shore, n Hill, soiitli oC Steilaeoom, willi a half mile «iile |.assa^'e on the east siile, ealleil the « 'ormoiaiit Pass, eariyiiiK tweiit\ ti\e lalhoms ,,t u,ii,.r o\,.r mmlily liotlom, ami the soiiml on the west side, one and a half miles wide, lovvards Amiiis,,,! Maud. This main passa;:e lias seventy-live I'athoiii.s .it water over line jjray .sand and nind. The Island is iVom si\iy to ,>m. Ji lied feet hi.uli, with Ii.,.|i sides, iiml is eovered with tall (>ie^,)n iiiiie. OIV the soiilh end of the island the three fallioin einve leaeliis out one Inindied and tilty y.iids; olVllie north end of the island I here is 1;, Ip for one loiiitli of a mile, lint the I Inee hilhoni riirve is only two Inimlred yards from Hie poini. Tliere Is a narrow l),.aeli arniilid the islaml at low water. On the older .\iliiiirall\ eharl of I sHI tins island uas, -ailed Klltson Island, and on the earlier t'liast Siirxey eharl Kiison. MS'.ir AI.I.V. This jilace is live miles south of Steilaeoom, on the same side of the .soiiml. It is at the moiitli 111 a small sireaiii, and at llie eastern edLie o|' the eMeiislve liisKIp I'.aiiK. or Nlsi|iially I'lals. It u as one of the early posts of the ilinlsnn \',a\ ( 'oiiip.iii\ , lull Is now a |ilace of little import a lice or trade. The old \lsipiall.\ foil wa.s on ih,. Nisi|iially plains, on the stream alioiit one and tliree- iii;hths miles iiearls east from the month. \lsiiua]hi l.nnilinij. — Il is one nnlr nmih of ihe niniiih ofihe NIsipially li'iver, wheietle' Sig- nalllehew Creek empties. There is one small saw inlll on the eieek. This eieek is the natural outlet of the eliaili of lakes on the piaiius; one ot' these lakes (Ainerieaii lake) issexeral miles Ion;,'. Tin; INSKIl' tiV.NK, ni; MS'.HAI.l.V 1-T.ATS. These extensive tiats lie In I he liroad soiiilierii bend of the sound south of .Vnder.soii Islaml. They are three ami a half miles in i-\leiit wesi soiilhuesl and east ii oil hea.-t, and alioiit three- I'oiirlhs of a mile w ide. Tlie.\ lie olf i he I'l n.id, Inu , m,irsli\ \ alle.v . Ihion^h wlin-h the Nisinially li'iM'i' and its ramiliealioiis i,.,iili the soiiinl. 'I'luir is \..|\ ihep water aloii;:' Ihe noil hern ed,!.;t' of ihe Hals, liul espeeiall.s towards the e.islei n limll. The i'd,i;e ol the hank is so steep t hat when llie riilteil State.s steatiier I'tiistimld was ashoie Iheie hn liow was In nine feel of water ami Illl stern in ten fatlioms. At tlui wcHterii limit the I wenl,\ -f-illiom line is at leasl half a mile oil' shore, with ^;ooil water well III to the shore. The liaiik rniiMli.N at lou wiifr, and at all limes ;:real nnmliers of smi,i;s and 1 1 links of trees are seen upon It. Ii w ,is i nil In --kip on the Adiniiall.v eharl in l.Sll!. r.el\u.eii the NIsipiall.N I'lals and llie soul li mil of Ainhison Island llie passa<;e is known as Ihe M.iiiinilhi Hctih. It Is one mile wide, with a ileplh of I'm I \ two I'alhoiiis one-lom I h of a mile oil" Ihe eil-e of the hank, where tell fathoiiis Is fmiiiil. Thesoiilli end of Anderson Island, opposite the i'lnk, IS ealleil Turku roiiil,or l.yle I'miii ; ii Ion-. roiin,|iii^. nniileialely low polni with lives eoni iiii;- down tothe hl.nh water iiiaik. Theiv is a deplli of ten failioiiis of water for two hnndred and lilt.v yards to thesmith smiiheasi oflhe pmiii : and under the west side there Is a sll-lit iiideiitatioii, eilled Thomjixun (\,i;\* with aiirhor,i-e iii live ami si\ lalhoms of water. Olf Turku Point there are -stioii); eiirrent ri[i.s on Ihe lloiiil. • Miijili.-li All :ill\ '■li.irt I'l' Hll''. mi'i'i ! I «•• ■m 'iH' hl''pi :* ' ym\y \i Hf^iii Wl t i I n2t PAnVIC COAST ni,t)T. i<\.\ MIMA. It woiilil lie almost iiscl(»;s ti> atliMiipl t.i iIi'mtIIii' ilir rimic liotwccii Olvinpia .'viiil Si. ; ,,,„,||| ln'caiiM- a pili't or a rliarl i> al»ii|iiirl\ ncrcssai v in niaUiii;: ilic passay:!'. 'I'lii' iiml cliaiu ii>,. Irom wliail In vnIi.iiI in I\miiI\ niir miles ni l(ii^Mli,a?iil tlir wnlih til tlir pa8sa;;c Iniiii liall .1 , il|. i,, a nil If ami a liall'. In Hiir, clear wi'alliei a ^Iiaii^'er wmilil .see iinlliin); Init laml eldsc aioiiml Ihim ,|s h lie wite in an iire;:iil,irls shaped laUe willi ami-* le.iiiini,' in e\ei\ direelion. In fnaay, we.iiliii, ,,1 in tlie (letiN,. .siMi«|,\ \\e:itlier in a (|l\ MIMIimT, it is iillpiissilile Id see a .ship's len^tll aiie,|.|. Mill, irn'j:ular ellTellls tn Milil In IIh' tlllliillllles. 'I'lieeliail Is I jiell al mi»I Useh'ss, ami a I Im.I nil l.lcii.il kiKiw leiliie (i|e\ el \ mark on I lie lieaelies, a In I of I lie peenliaiit les of t lie t'elio of llie sleaiil ' liislli 11(1111 »'\eiv cMV ami point, sue iiecess;iis toeiialile llie pilot to make his nips, Sleaiii Im.iu and tows ilo not I, ike the liroailer < h.llinel I'lom StellaeoiPin lielueell Ketloll ami AmlelSMii I l.iiiiK tliron^'h the Nisiplallv Iteaeh, lint the lilst use is west tint e i|iiailtis south tlili)li;;li H'll, li\ I'.h .%(!;/».* between MeNeil Islaml oiilhemiitli ami A iiilei son Islaiitl on the south. The eiiti unc in this passa;;!' is iieailv three miles litnii Steilaeooiii, ami the passap' itself I wo miles hm;,' wuA Iml; ii mile \\ iile tor tli*< iiiiiltlle ]iart of the p;iss. 'I'liere is plenty ()f\\aler in this passa^re, ami tin slmn s ai'e steep- to. .Mitlw a\ in the pass is a small meks islet, known as F.tujlf hliuul ; il is 1 e iiii the Miiil h sin II I', Imt tlieie is ^1 ml water on either sale ol' il. 'I'lie islet is tiiily ( wii liiiiitlii <| aiii' «-i;;lity ,\ arils loii;:, noil h ami soiitli, ami one h 11 ml ret I \ anls w nle. 1 1 is nhoiii ten l'ei>t ahoM |ii'.:li water, ami eo\ eieil w illi Oit:;:on pine se\t'nl\ leel liiL:ll. The three t'al honi em \ e is one liiiiiilnl van Is nil' I he e. 1st er II siile, w here kel p is foil ml out to foil i ami ti\ f tathoiiis. The l'',a;;le Islainl sii,i,i within the tlllee talhoiii line ex t em Is one til III of a mile to I lie lioilli Ui'sl parallel to the slioivnl till |>il.s,sa;:e. It is mark I'll liy plenty of kelp. .\ ileptli tif ti\ e to si \ fathoms can he eai mil I liimi;;! the Sonthei 11 t li, mini lilt w fell l'..i;;le Isl.imlaiiil .Ninleisnii Islaml, kei'iiin;; i.illier eloser In tin l.itter. nil I I Ins ehaiiliel is prefeileil li\ the I iru'er steam lioat s. Iieeanse a I ni;.'lil anil ill tliiek w I .It III ! I':e\ c.in keep the fourses aiiil ilisi, Hires w hull tlii\ run in elear weather mmli lieiier. I'eii liilnm,- «Mli lie e.iiiieil lhriiil;:li I he liolthei M a III I w nler ehaiiliel lietweeli Jl.i^^le Islaml ami Mr Neil NLui^ li\ kee|iiliu' 1. It her eliise In l!ie shore IHIiler the kit lei , The .Vmlerson Isl.iml shme alniMst ll.c^Ie Islaml retreats a little to the sniithwanl ami leim- a small I ove, where tliele is a ele.ireil space of al'oiil ten acres. \v it h some iiMpailiteil small limisi-, ami nmler the low >;rassy MntV theie is a slion wn.ul wliait. Il is sanl In he a ;:(mii1 pin. 1,1 steam luiats to wooil n|i. Tlu' sontlu'rii imini mi .McNeil Isl.iml. a In ml I he mnlille ami mi I he nnrlli si tie ni I'.ali li - I'.i- SJljI"'. i'* clearetl ; the trrassN liliilV lises liehiml the slim f in mie Inimlnil feel . In the eti-e nt lln tiii- Tlnie is a lartje lllipainleil limise in the cleat iii;j. ami jiist west nt this poinl is a lai ui 1 n.i • Istwltlci chise limlcr the sholi'. In makilij; iLihli's Passaic tmiii 1 he east w, nil in clear weather a l,ii-e Iniililni;; willi 1 .Or'. fence IS seen on the southeast taee ot McNeil Islaml, iimlei llie I'.asleiii rmiil ami .il I <"■>■ i' ■■ mile mil till .1st of the 11.11 1 IMS pall of the p,issa;;e. There is lii;;li l.nnl on 1 iiher snle nf .1 Inw. shallnw l,i.:ooi il swamjiy lainl, ami mi the nei; hiile nn IS the ahnve l>iiilillliy. which is the I'l nil< nluiri/ nf the Teriilnr>. The ell If In I he siinl II w est of this InW 1, 11:0011 is niotleralel.N low ami liriKht, ami lot a sin ill ili- lance In 'he e.istw.ml tliele is a liiuher iisiii;^ lirit:lil clilf Inr two hnmlretl or three hnmln -(;/<- l.l;ll,l .— .\ jii i.l llllitr liilhl, lells lanlelll. has liccll slispeliileil tloiii ,ili ai ,. ■ '■ white |iosl. The li-hl isaholll twelilx |j\ e feet al)o\ e I he sea le\ el. llie post is I w eh e li 1 ' .:- ami liM'aleil on the smiili side ot the island. The llirhl wascstalilisiied on the limlh side nf the island Iteeeiiiher. Iss;. and mii\e.l Hoiitll side nf the isl.ind .March 1. \>'^'.K After passin;,' llnmi-h iJ.ilch's P,issa-e there is a narmw cliamd. called I'ltl I'assa-e.m.. tif a mile wide he west si.l.> of McNeil Island, to the nor' Il ward; a l.ay. naine.l Titiisi i;.i>..' mile deep, Willi an 1 iilranee in arly li, df a mile wide, wiih -mid walei, .liieeil.s ahead : ami :"l- smith npeiis the lirnad Itr.ii/loi, /V.vvK./r and mie half miles wide, decrtMsin- In line nil- " • ill a iiiih' am! a half, ami then npeiiin;; iiitn the innadei waters of the .smiiid. '(Ill llii- A.lliiii;ilt\ . Ii.iil III Isir. i;.ll.-a |;.mIi-i CIiiiiihI. M))ia iiiiil Sii , ,u>iii, I' mill cliaiii ii.c (> liiiiM liair li' I,, lose aniiiiiii I : .i> ii III rii;,'<;\ \M It,, I, „r 's jril;,'! Il all! I'l, vMlli ami il tliiiliin . Iih ,iI III' lilt^ .sIlMMI ' l,l>tlr IS, Stfani liii.i' ^ mill III Amli't'siiii I i.iiiiK I lliiiiii;;li /.' unit's liMi^ ainl li:ilt' liis |iassa;.'i', aii^l tiii' /(■ I sill 11(1 ; II I- II .|iM lilv t wii liiimlii >l iiih! II till li'i'l alioM lii^li I'lii vr is mil' liiiiiili'i'il l'lifl':a;;li'l>laii.Uiin.il III'! Ill till' nIiiiI' "I till' III lit' rairlcil lliiiiii;;li i latliiT rlip^ii 111 till' it anil ill lliii'U ^^1 .iiliii hi'ticr. I'l'ii l.iiliiiiii> il ami Mi'Ni'il M.iml Miiitliwaril ami ii'iiii~ pailiti'd small Ihmimn, II 111' a ;;niiil I'liri' inr III Mill' 111 r.alrir- I'.i- lii till' I'll;:!' Ill till' lli'i'<. |ioiiit i> a lai i;i' i il.i'ii Inilliliii;; Willi :i "lull' lint ami aluml nin' lull laml, ami mi iln' ii"i! ' «iriiiir\ . ;lil, ami lur a slimi ili> ir iliii'i' Iniiiiliiil '111"- I'ciillv al llir m'iilii.i- II' watrr, ami I ■ i-mH'! ■mli'il trmii an ai iw i n ' piisl IS I VM'hr I'i'i'' iii-l S.S7, and nm^ •■'! I I'm I'assa-i'. '! ' . naiiifil Tiiii-i I' . ' i'i'll> alii'ail ; ami ■•' i'' rasiii;; l<> I'lH' mill' "i''' il. I'M'IIIC CiiASI' I'lLMT. fi2r. Tins passaK.' is tliii'i- inili's Imi-. ami al llii' smiilii.|n miiiai iIiiti. is /'„;„/ 7V iif walil III it. null ;;iiiii| .n alii n|. luiiH,,., sj, Tlii' ilii vi't imi nf II,,. I'liaiiiii'l is imrlli ami .smilli. iiii'; nr.vii.'s iir.Aii, • Tliis is a liliilV alimil rn^liiv fni ,,!m.vi' llii' walii. ami n.viiiil witli tii'i's ilial naili ,1 Inijilil of mil- Inimlii'il Inl. Tlnii' an' tirt's iiiulri' tin- liliill ilnwn Id ih,. vitv iiaimw saiiil Lrarli. It is till' smillii'iii pi mi I nf I hi' ininaim-il ]ii'iiiiisiila Ih'Mmi'ii « all's Inli'i ,>,, i|m> i.;,,| ami ('asr's liilft mi tin' ui'si. Aliii'a>l nlii ilii' rliaiiml i^ mii' ami mir i|u.ii i,.| iiij|i'> wiil,', will, Imlil watiT miiU'i' rilliiT slimc, ami iiailiiiiL; til'iN fall s dosf iimli'i' Hie liiail. Tlif tlni'cl'atl i , iiivc IS williiii twi) liiimlii'il vaiils nf ilii' >|imc, cxrcpi ai a .^mall point almiil mii' iiiilr iimllicast hmii tin- Imail. wliiTi' llii' tlirci' lallimn rni\ n i-, mn'ipiai Irr iinlr mil ami al Hie nl'^^i' uT tin' lnw- uali'l' linn. This pail iil Iln- smimi is Ihr miliam'f In ('a>i'"s Inlrt, ulilnli slictihi's iimlliwi'st >i'\ I'll mill's tVmii Oi'vil's I Irail. ami thi'ii iirailx iinrtliiiiiilli\vi'>l I'm ii;;lii nnlcs fai thnr, with an ivi'ia;,'!' witllli til' mic ami mil' (piailiT mill's, ami ih'pllis raimin-- tVmn ihiitvllM' lailimns to livn il till' linail. Til till' smillii'asl li\ rasi IVmn llii' Di'vilV llrail Iln- Innail arm ivai'ln-s tu tin- Ni>i|iiall.v Nai rows. As the l)i'\ il's lli'ail is appniai'linl rnnii I hi' wi'sl, Nlmint W.iinii'i is npi'iifd jiisl nlfar nf il, -liiiw in^Mliri'i' iii'ai'l\ I'ipiallv liii^h siimnnis, l''l-mii I III' I >i'\ ilV 1 1 rail I In' rmilsr 1 hrlii'i' luuaiil-- Ol\ mpia itusm's I In- hi 1 I'haniirl il lazu- li, ill.\ III MiiimIn I'miil, u hiili lii's wi'st mir hall suiilli a ll llli' nvni' t wu iiillrs IVmn tin' I>n\il"> lli'iid. Ihi- ihaniirl lias a diplli nf lifty to twriily fat limns nf watrr iimt in ml ami ;;ra\ s.iml, w illi ili'i'p vv .ilt'i rlnsi' ilislimr, tin' tiil'i'i' fat limn I'ui \ i' lii'in;; u illiiii I wn Inimlii'd vards nf l lir >limr, IMiiiUn' I'nI.M'. This is till' rxiri'iiiil \ nf Ilir prnimriinrv Ih'I wi'm, tin' Innad n alia- inw aid> I travlmi I'assaj;!' and Nisipialls Krai'li, and tin' n.iiinw aiiii nf tin' sniiml mi tlii' «ist, lallid lli'iidi'ismi's liilil. It 1 Mil II Is dirt'i'tl.v Inw aids Iln' iniddlr nf Case's Inli'i. 1 1 is a Inw sandy pmni of alinnst mir hiindii'il or t wn liimdl't'il yards I'Mi'iil, with smni' nnpainli'd slianlii's iindri' t lir l iri's and liliiff. whirli am- in-idi' and licliind tin' Inu slimr, Tlim i' is t,'(Miil w ,,li-|- nil' llir pmnI, t lir I uriil.\ fallmin rinv n lir. in;; li'ss than a ipiarli'i' nf a iniir mil, .\i-inss r.i-i"-, Inlrt In iln- iim i In-.i-i llir lirnadlli nf the rlianiii'l is mil' and a half milrs. .\iiii>s Ihnni'^ /'.ivmi./c in tin' wrsi iln' wnlili is thr saim'. with till' Ilsaini slinal in thn iniddlr, Mnndx's I'mni is Incallv iiiinwii as .Inlnisdn'f I'niht. M(tii(hl I'oillt .ity .lull iis'in'i I'l'iitl) .\iir I nihl. — .\ Iriis l.inli'I'll, slinw ilij;' wjiiiil iilillv liijllt, has lii'i'll siispi'lidi'd IVmn a wlllln pn-I rl;;lllrrll Iri'I Inuli .mil alinlll I wi'lily I lll'i'i' frrt lllin\i' ihi' li'Vi'l -I ihi'walrl'. It is aliniil ti'li \aids Irniii ihr lii^;liw alt'l' lilnil nf llir linrllii'lliimisl cxI ri'liiily nf Miinil,\ I'miil. and i> sii-ii iVnin Malta's Pas-. i;;i', ( 'asr's liilri.and l»ia,\liin I'assa;;!', I'rmii litis I lultl I'liin' I'aik is ili>laiit tw ili's nmllt >."( rasl i N.s.'i i:.),atiii I'miil Tii'lili". llir .smilhwi'slrrn pmnt nf .\iiiloism. Island, is dist.int, tliri'r and tliri'i'i'i,i,'litlis milrs smith ST'' rust (S. 87"' K.). riiK ITS \MI SlIuM.. This dillt;;rr lirs Oltr liillr iVntit tllr linil lin ninn>I rMrrlllily nf .Mn.iil\ ni' .Inhlismi's I'nllll, and II dl a mill' IVinii I In- lirairsi slinir t\\' llai'lslriii' Ulaiid In Ihr wrsl. lirlwi'i'ii il and llarlslmr Island llir niaiii rltannrl rnttswilli t unttytwn fathmns nf watrr, anil ;;iiimI watri' rlnsr iinilri- tltr wrstrrti shiiir. It is a lnrk\ ptiti'h, lia\ in;; a> liltir a- niiir Irrl >^\' vvalrr iipmi it, " ith Ki'lp sprr.idiim mit In Iliirr and mic-lndf fallt s nf wain, Thnr i- tni lallmin-. sA' uain lirtwrrit llir >hnal and Ihr u r.st Nlioif nf Mnnily I'ninl.aild six and miripiarlrr fallimns lirlwrnt il 1 I >irkrrsnti's dniililr 'iitnt, half il mill' tn tlir sniiih. This dan-rr is imirki'd by ;i Mcmn/ .7„sx nmilnwn p.unli'l 'i-iil, ml ,uvl lil,iil slrlpcs. : is plarril in twrlityTnni- frrl nf watrr oM'r mrks Imllmii nti Iln- nmtit sidr nflln' krip p;ilrli. • 'ssrls Itnlind In ( )lyiilpia sliniild ll'ilM- il nit Ihr pnll liaitil. This Ininy is Inralrd as fnllnws: Finiii ii Miiiidy I'ninI hrars nmllnit-i by rasl Ihnrfninlhs rasl (NK.liv i;. ,' I'l.l.ilistanI mir mill' : I'mnl W il-mi, I lir rasin n laimrtil nf I l.it t-Iritr Island, iimlli ,11, mI .\ln,iir I'.lull .111 A.liiuialt> . Ii.nt "f l-H^ iTL'ii 1' (■ — nt "^i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 UitU |2.5 |5o ^^" H^H ■^ Ui2 12.2 •yuu 1.4 mil 1.6 III Hiotograpbic Sciences Corporation 23 Wir»T MAIN STREiT WESjVER.N.Y. 149S0 (716) 872-4503 ;j^V^ 1 ''^■ i t^ \ ii ^ H i HI i in ' ' ■fin I Ijll G2G I'Anrif cdAST I'll. T. 'ii, till iiortliwcst (N'NW.i, ilistiint twn milt's. Mitkcrsdn's I'dint, wosIimii side soulliwcsi li\ >,,! t|iiail»'is sdiilli ,S\\ . liy .S. J S.|. tlist:iiil one atui oil" (|iiait« r inilfs. Wlii'ii i»in*M''^' tliioiiKli tlifsc walfis laltM\ in tin- .sti-aiiilMtal fioin OI\iii|ii,i ww ilt'ii.M'lv li>;;)4>. >ln' kfpl close iiikUt llir wrsti'iii slion- ill appioaflim;; Itsaini l)iir\. ,1111 sliTiiii;; iioUlitMst oiir liall fast, ami iIh'ii iiiadr a strai(,'lit liiiiisf Tor Momlv m .Inlin^, wliirli was \ tlii' ccIio of tin- strain wliisllc. I'l tlif Itsaiiii >lii>al till' passa^'i- is contiach'il to about oiiv' half iiiilf wiilc, \\ illi m.! ,1, (h'ptlis ui ixM'iilN to lilti'fii I'a.iioms of water over I'oaise. ;;rav sand, slnjis, .ind ;;r.i\(l. i;h| wat«'l" elose to llie siioics. Tliis IS Ihiiiii's I'lissiiiii, aiii] its ;;eneral direetion is soiitliwest liv south and iioiiIhm I' for t«o mills. Tilt" (Msteni shore is indiiited and modeiateh low. Inn eoxered ■<>-:illlri ';i.-M'.| ii iliiii'l > f.lM "Itll (.)!. ;;i,|, (j,. tin' western shoie |s lonned \>\ liie south side of llaiisteiie Island, and is lii;;liel lli.iM ll Khore. 'I'lieie are r< rii s/zoi/i/ em rents diiiiiiy: spiiii;; lidfs III this [>assage. There is loitl \>< to r.iiseo I'oint. and the ed';e of (he ehaiinel is sleep-to. HHISCo I'niM. <'il>ll'l!. 'J*; M m This is a sharp, narrow point sixty feel lii;;li on the westward side of l>aiia"s I' ■l^vljr. .iiiil »e 1 1. II nil III, iiearlv two miles soiiihwest trom llsanii .Shoal. It is wooded and has ;.'o(m| w , iter eli east side. Imt the I hrt'e-lalliom line extends three hiiiiilred yards south Iroiii the poinl. w i;li .1 im, ., of kelp ill four fathoms of water, and with a narrow low neek on the north. The eh.iniiel i 111 iNed lately on the we.st side of the roiiit is I'eale's l'assa;;e. hall a iiiili u nli . .iihI with iv\elve totliirleeii fathoms ill it: it lead.s to the north west eoinplelely around llailsieiK' Nl.iinl. The eoiiise iliroii;.'h I»aiia's {'assail- from Itsami Hiiny and p.tst Itriseo I'oini is sonMi iIhiiv lour de;;rees west (S. .'! I W. for three and tin | nailers miles, keeping; in ;;iiod w jlei . liiii sli;;||ili nearer the sonllieasl side mil 11 the mouth of jiinhrs Inlet is re.ielied lietweeii nol)leiiiU'i\ I 'mi;! mi I he e. 1st ami roint (uoperuii the west, with nineteen fathoms o\er mud bottom in mid rli.iiiiiii I II elilei iiii; I'liiilil liilel Xessejskeeji p. 1st ihe mid ehaiiriel a lid haul lip '.inder the \\esl< I 1 ^Iii>|,.. tollowiii;; ii till' four miles in lifleeii io tour fallioms of water over mud to tlu^ ri-d Ihh^ nil iIi, Olyiiipia mild tl.iis. /»..///. til i/i I 's I'liint is low ;ind eleared on the liol thwesl. w ith elitVs ei'dllN feel liii;h to l| ir Milirli soutlie,|s|. The t liiee t.illiom eiirvi- is elose to it. lull lies I lilee hiilidled ,\ alils outside iiT .IimI'. rollll. one Miinl ol a mile to the norlhe.iisl. J'nr I ides at I )oltlem\ 1 I's I'oinl eolisllll tin I III' T.i >i< . tor Ihe I'.lrllie ( o.isl, piildisheil anilll.lll.V by the r. .S. Coast and ( leodetie ,Sur\ e\ . I>fl}u 'iiiifiir I'niill l.i'ilil. — X ti.iiil irliilr liiilil, lelis l.inlelli, li.is i n suspended llnlii llii on a w hile po ~i. Ti :llt is alioiil IWeiiU leet al>o\e the se.i level. The post Is iwehe leel hi;;h, and Is sitiiateil on I he north w e.si aii;;h' of the wliart ,il llic I' It Is lixe ,iiid a liilf miles iioilh iioilhwesi trom the Slake li;,'lit at OI\ mpia. It was established Uecember. 1S,M7. I'nillt (■«./..»• at the wesleril side of the elllraiiee to lilldd's In I. I pl'ile. Is to the liollli is low ,iiid sh.ii p, and 1 1 >es Io el; :htv teel III half a mile towards lln' soiilhsoiiiheasi. Ii <1im<|i I'.iid.l's Inlet I i:id liilel..iiid Ihe Ihre.' fathom eiirve spieadsoiil ll humlied \ aid- In point and nariows the eiiti.tme lo I'AA Inlet. J* 11 TI lis loll'' ai lit I)l>".s IM.KT. Ill al the head of the Noiind is three tbiiiths of a mile wide at the eliliaiin. em mile wnb- inside, and llieii ;;i,(diiall\ n.iirow: Io tlilee toiiiihs 1> III pi. I the l>.l.\ 01 1 11 hi IS oeiiipied b\ an elioi molls mild tl.il, of whieh one- loll rlh Is li.lie .It 111 lei, and this shoal wiihinili.' three faliion line e\ti lids from the head of Ihe ba.\ I'd .1111 wa one half miles to the iiorlbv aid. and then eonliniies iin iiidcr the east wlior*' lor two miles in'v.n^l- \V,iiiis,r liiht. The bliitVson ihe west shore averay:e about sixty d'ei lii;;h. are sleep, ami '.eii.r.il eoveied with Oregon piiie. The bliitVs oil the east shore ar- liiuher for I he lirst mile and ihi «lt*4'rease towards (he head. The a\era-e depth of water is six f.ithoms, and is - |-„iiit midiT llio wwtmi slion-, U is :v stony paldi, in |,;m l.aiv :il low wal.T ami siimmiid.Ml l.v li iia Imltoin ii I' t.. tliivf lallioiiis of wal.T. ris.- total area of tins ,| 1 .,|„,| |, f.,,,,. |„„„|irll s.ii.ls north 1111(1 souili and llii.-o linn Ind .-ast and w.-.i. and ii li.'.-, a lull,. ..v.t a (|iiarl.'i- ol' a iiulooiniio westi'in shoiv aliivast the sixl.v Iwl IdulV lliiccioiiiihsnta mile noiili uf limlcr's Covi'. riicic isau'ood clianni-i caiTvin;; fi;:lit and nin.' lailioins mi iln' u,.>i .si,l,. ,,r il, and a liroadt-r .■liannil on tin- fast iMinin}; cijilit to (our falli s ol walr;. I'liis ,s|ii,,il i> niaiUfd hv a Imov. Lar;;.' vrssrls pass this shoal and anchor n.-ariv a niilr to ihf soMilica>l l.y south I i it in lluv.' and o'u'half Cathonis of water. Many \c.ssris -c to Ihr wh.nrat Olviiipia at lii-li walt-r anil 11.- Ilirrc in tlu'.soft mud at low wati-r. Si.mmi lio ii s run ii|> lu tin- » li,irvi> al hi'.;h water lint if mlciidni;: to niovf durin;; the time of low water tlir\ niii>t lie ue,irl> a mile to tlie norlliwesi umler the west slum', wherr there is a wharf, and .vheiiee there is a .u:ood ni.nl alon;; the .-.liore to ()1\ niipia. (II.YMl'lA IMOV. The stony pateli already deserihed lyin;^ uihIit the western shore of I'.udd's Inlet, three and • me lonilh miles south southeast from ('oo|ier Point, and two and live ei-hths miles iKiillnvesi In- iioitli iKun the <>lyin|»ia wharf, i- marked In a liiioy on the soiiihiMn side. This is a lliinl-duss Hint hiiiiji itiiiiilt'il rid II mi niimhiiul 'Z. It is placed in t went, \ tour feet of water over inudd.v liottom and lies live hundred ami seventy .\aiils south southeast iVom the middle of the stony |patcli. visi l)le at low wator, with tour to three fatiioms oiWater liali\va.\ to ilii> |iaicli. Tliele is ;.'ood water on either side of the Imhi.n, I'lil less than hall way from il. towards tiie iMstein shore, the three t'athoni line is r'ached. .\ dc|iili of three fitlioiiis cm he carried one in le laitherup the iid(^t than the luioy l>y '.eepini; close under the western shore. The hiKiy is tlir4'e('ii;hths of a mile tiom tlie nearest cliif on tiie west shote. where it is siMy Icet aliove the water and rises gradually inland. It is located hy the followiii;; hearin;;s and distances: l»elllctiiyrr's r..iiit N. i:t- W. \',\ iiiilcH. I'liisl ruiiil, rast sidr 111' ill il Si',:! K. Ifnij|.-i. 'I'lu- Wli.ol'at OlMiiaiii S. 11' v.. '.S riiil.s. There is a line chart, of IJiidd's Inlet ami approaches ptiltlislicd by tlie IT. S. Coast and (ieo- ilitic .Survey. Thi I'iilis nt Olj/mpiii. — The ( "orrected Ivsiahlishiiiciit. m- niciii interval liei ween the time of tl loon's iiieridiaii transit and the time of the ln;;li u.iter KVll'' L'l)'", and I lie me, in liseaml tall of tides IS ten and ci;;ht tenths feet. The aveia;,'e highest tides in the inontli wliiii the ilccliiiatioii ot the moon IS /.ero and ^'oiii;; north is seventeen .mil seven tenths leei alpo\e the plaiH' of n-fer eiice ; and the smallest hi;,'h tide is thirteen and twoteiitlis feet aliovi' same plane, when the nioon's declination is half its northern r,m;.:e and decreasiii;;. The lowest low w.iter is oiiehalf ol a font aliove the same plane when the moon's decliiMtion IS half its northern iaii;;e and increasinj:. and the hi:;hesl low-water is eleven teet above the -.line plane when the nioon's declination i. ;;reate..t south. The l:ii;;esi ditVeii'iiee of lii|;:h and low waters is reported at twenty tour feet, but it has doiibtle s been '.greater than this The chart };ives the f;i al rule for lindill;; the times ami hcl-hts ol tin' tides, but these c; be obtained Iroiii the I'acilic Tiile T.ibles. published annually I'y tlie I oast ami <1 htic .Siiivex. The ^:eoy:iapliieal position of the ll.ij; st.ilf at the Capitol has been deterniiiied liy the C. tJ. Co.i.staiid lieodetic Survey, as follows: I.ai, 1,1,1.. .irMiv.'nt)"i„.rth. Llii^iIiiiIi. Or, ill liiiii' IV"-' .il' II'.'" Wl'Ml. -' II •:ir.M>. t increase at that time, T.'i(^ magnetic variation iii.Iamiary, issj, wasJl ' pi' cast, with a sli-li •IS the easterly maximum had been \i'r> nearly riMclied. Olym|.ia is a lieaiitifiil town of about three thoiisaiid inl'abiiatits. It is the county scat and •dso the Territorial capital. The Cnited Slates land ollices ami theolliceot the liiitcd St.ites collector of internal reve line are located here. It has lar;re private eilucal ion, il in iliree .saw nulls, ell'. The lumber output of the c iir\ is a I'^xleiisive ileposiLsof coal have been discovered .iiid located. .tit II lions. iii,iiiiir.ictiiriii;;establi>linieiits, bo;.t twelve millions lei't annually. ^■i ^1 ,1 'I I I' (]-_»S PACIFIC CoAsr I'lLOT. i ,)*' i s : I ^:t'^ Olympiii l.lijht.—Al \\ turn in tln> clianiu'l near tlic Htoiun-hoat wliarvo.s at 01.viii|ii;i,.i /.,,,/, ^ /i;/7i r, Ii'iis lantt'iii, lias luvii NiisiKMidcd fVoiu an arm on a pilf. Tin- lij;lit is alxml t\\i:ii\ |,. . aliovi" tli« HiM 1t'v«'l. Tin- .tilo is ahoul seviMilt'cii >ai(ls w.-st of tlio west i.tlpH of lii.> .li.itni.l. ;,„ j isulioiit out" lil'tli iit'ii iiiilf west by iiortli liiilf iiortli (W. hy N. A N.)I'|(imi tlii> ii rend nf i!„. li,, wliaii'. It isalMiiii oik- aiiil«> in a small wharf at Wt-st OI\iii|iia. Tin- pile is alxuit ten tVct ui>i ..i n,,. i,,,, water sliorr Imc, and tlii'cliai 1 is cIoni' t-i tin- slion-. Tlic li;rlii is about t«fiii> led ;il„,\,. n,, U'V«'I ol'tln- water, aiitl from it tin- follow in;; beariii;;s ami ili^taiices arc ;.'iv.'ii : I'rirsi \;,.u\ Ii,..,i, north one ami one ri;;litli milis; end of loiiy; wharf from Olsmpia, iioilli by cast liaH r.,-: A. In | h K.l, and the OlMiipia I,i;;ht vast h\ south halfsontl, (K. b> S. .\ S,). U was lir>t shown March I. 1HS<». OI\mpia has rc;;nlar <'oiincction with all the sound ])orts by steamboats ; also wiili S,.,ii:i, Tai-oiiia, and the (.'olninbia Kiver by rail. Olsmjiia IS near the headwaters of till' Chclialis Hiver emptyin;,' into (ira\"s r.,i\ . .inl m|: lorty miles Ml a strai;;lit line from the Colnmbia Uivcr. The country aronnd (H>mi,iii is », iidapteil to a;:ri<'ultui'e, ami maiiv picas, iiit homes are se(>n on the shores of liiidd and <>iIm i mli'. Oli/iiiiiiii W'luii/. — A new wharf has been priijec'cd iKUthward Irom the town o| tllsini. through the middle of the ;;icat tl.its, ti\ e ci;;litlis of a mile beyond the old wliaif. ll ic.i.|ii'<: three lets iliiou;;liout I'liuci Si mid south of The Narrows. The principal na\ i^iatini i. iii,-, Olvmpia by the route Just de.>cril>ed to Steilaeoom and thence to Tacoina ami Scatlii'. Ilnir .1;. now small towns and seitleinciits ;,'iowin^ upon the shores of these inlets, and small >.iv\ ii 1!~. ', ■ there is no extensive shippiii;; anion;; them. There is jjood water tlirou;;li the nariowi-i mlr, which havf bold >liores and a pine c4iveied country. <'a.-c"s Inlet and Cirio Inlet arc ihi 1 pi'incip.d arms, each bcin;; about twelve mih's lon^ and Irom one to twn miles w ide, with il ii\ ' tifty fathoms in them and no d.in;:crs ; the peninsula iH-tweeii them has several lakes tliinii^h 1' There is one .s.iw mill mi Casc'^ Inlet, The (hart ^ives all lh,it isai present needed for the navigation of the.se waters. C'oiimiIM ,u- and (ieodetic .Survey eharts <>•»- ami G.S4. hood's rANAl.,t i»f This ^reat arm of Admiralty Inlet commences fourteen and one (pmrter mile, iiis.li •Mlfranee to the inlet, oil' I'oillt Wilson ; opening on the west side of the ;;reat cliaiiiicl. ll, I the I'liuhve.ilher r>lull on the e.is t of llm eiitraiici' and Hasalt Point on the wot ; ll leaniiu wc st one toiiith noith two and thice milc> iVnin the formci'. Tl e ;;clicr,il course of this c. IS south bv east, l-'rom the entrance the lii>t iiuil iIkiiiihI ise IS nciily soiilhe.ivt Im liv e miles, poiiitin;; diicitlv into I'orl tiamble (011 lli eoi the canal j c c.i^l -'■Ir I'l ll, at th e eiil r.iiici to whiih the mill and hoii>es are plainly vi.Mbh At three and three '- a tlir ee (laa rtcr>' ol a mile loii;; north and .south and hall a It is coiiiiecfed with the main in land b\ a nairow nccU id' low sand ben L 1; pviiiiiMulo iMt'iTiiiirnlly mistahn fnv an i Port (ramble the canal clianK''-* i'** ibit\ miles, with an avera;:c ihtml, and is named Hood's Mead. I'.elwccn tins h. i.l.ni.i •se and runs in neailv a straij;ht line south b\ ».m i..i width of mie and one half miles.. In latitude rr-lV north thee.mal makes an abrupt turn ami wins twelvt Ics nc.iil eii«t, w here S heads within two 111 ics of the head of ("ase'> Inlet in Pii-cl Sound. 'It «iiH fiiriii. il.v liilliilNi'W .Miiikrl. tNulllol llV VlUllOllVlT 111 JlHH', ITIK, s llivcr, u In h ;!ii rs. (."(iii>iill ('iiii>' rAcirio COAST I'li.di. 629 At nftwn inilos from Port Oiiniltlo tlioro is a slight .niok in iIm' lino of (li,. ciual, and at sov- ,.i,t.M-ii iiiiU'saiiollKT l.ioanla. Tin- shoif lim- of the ••anal amoiiiils to oiu> Immln'il ami iiimiy-ivv ijcs. Till' slioivsof this ;:rtMl canal aiv hold, hi;,'!,, and woodcil. ilsin- m i h ;:riMti'rlirii:lits than .,M,\\vlit'iffls tho inlet or sound. This is pailinilaily so on ilir wcsicin slioiv, wIi.mv tin" wi-si .lion-oftlio l»alio|> ISa.v, on thi- wi-si sul,. „r fuandos I'.-iiiiiMila. allains an fl.valiun of two tliiiiisand six hiindrfil feet in li-ss than two miles from ilic water. '|'|jc>>c hi^ji ilaiiKini; i intains ,,I llieOlympiis Kaii-jc are ealled the .Inpiter Hills. Tlieeisinn peaks .il ( H,\ nipns Monntains ,, ma- pie.ssitifjelose towards Hood's C.inal, a\era;;ini; less than ei-hi miles liniii llie shcie. and !,,• Illy parallel thereunto. Ih-hind the .Iiipiler Mills is Mdniil ( 'iiiislaiire. se\ en thousand .seven liiiiidred and .seven t.v .seven feet elevation; The liioihers. six tlmnsaiel nini' hundred and twent.V Icet. and Mount Klliiior, estimated at six tlion.sand live hundred lei'i. fli.se ureat masses, risiii}; s,. alniiptly in wild, roeky peaks, are marks all over .\clMiiiall\ Inlet and rn;,'ei .Sound, Init .seem i.. ..veihaiifj the iiialn part of the eanal. The Ilrothers, a donlile p.sd;, is less than seven mile.s iKiiu the wafer. riiede|>tli of Wiifer tlirou;;li the «'anal is everywhere y:ii'at, raiifiin;: from one hniidred to fifty iithoiiis a.t far as the sharji turn, and theiiei' to within three miles of the head, van \ inj^ twenty, h n. and three fathoms. It is remarkalily free from hidden danglers. There are several of the lar-cst liimlier mills of this re;;ion in the eanal. liood's Canal was named U.y Naneonver in .May, ITMl". Vol. i, p. :,'4.'$. I'OKT T.riil.nw. Two miles (lireetly west of I'oiilweather UliilV is thelu'oad opciiin;;' to I'orf hndlowoii the we.«t side of the entranee to Hood's Canal. This lia\ has a hroad enlrano' open touarilsthe north, jlie two points of the eiitranet> are Tala I'oiiit to the smiilicist and I'.asilt I'oiiil to the northwest, ilic latter 1\ iny; one and seven ei;;htlis miles exactly 'lorlhwest Iroiii the Innnei. 'I'ala Point lies iiiir ami threi'ipiarfers iiiilea .southwest one third west (SW. \ W.) iVom I'oiilwealher llliilf. Tiilii I'oiut* is a l»ri;,dil IdiitV head less than a i|iiaiter ot' a mile liroail, eoveiecl on top with Oicuon pine. Ilisiilt /'(*i/iMs a ronndin;:, |a;;j:ed point, covered with trees to the shore line and risiii;: toa moderate hillock covi'ied with wood. One cinaitir ol a mile mnili ef li.isall I'oiiit, and til, 1 1 distance otVshon", tliern is a patch of low rocks one hnndre(| and .sc\eni>li\e yards in extent and marked liy kelp. There is deep water all around this daiiuer, and .sixteen f.ithoms may bo c.irried iiisido it. It is called the Kins Ii'ikL: From Tala I'oiiit there is a liar of haul sand nearly oneipiarter of a mile wide witiiiii the five- fathom line, sfrefcliinfj in an outward curve to (,'olvos lioidis, which lie oiicihiid the distance troiii l!a.salt Point to Tala Point. The three fathom curve stretches nearly three ei^jhths of a mile, with a width of one tpiarter of a mile, from Tula Point to the nortliiiorthwest, reachiiii; to thelil.icU lmi.\ ; the liottoni is hard sand. The low-Wiiter lino j.s two hundred yards fnnn the cape, and kelp lies lor a quarter of a mile to the northward. AhreiiHt Tala Pointtho width of the hay is three ipiarlers of a mile, with ;;ood water and ;;(iod lioldin;; j.'round; hut it is t,'radual!y contracted in width to less than half a mile abreast the .saw- mill, at which vessels load. Inside of the .saw-mill point there is an exci'llciit aiiclioiajji* in .seven i"ei;^lit fathom.s of v.ater, over soft mud. The approacluvs to this Iiarbm- are marked by two daiiy;ers. Tlu' Ivlas llo.k north of I'.asalt I'oiiit has already lH*en described. Thr Colron l{oi-ks» are a <'lnster of three rocks; the nearest one to the shore lies m irly half a mile southeast from Pasalt Point. It is twenty live feet hiuh. iiml ot small extent : the lar;;est ic'k isa«|nartorof a mile farther on the same course. The iliird one is two Imndred y.inls north of the outer oiu^ There is deep water around the noi:liwest rock, bnt a Ion- shoal stivtehesto ilic southeast fnuii the largest. The bottom around these rocks is rocky, and hard sand. I'roiii ilieso rock,s there is a bar nearly 0 PAririr coast imiot. Thorp Is «1(>op wfttor on tlio iiortli, west, iuid cast sides (if the nnrtlicastorn rwk of tl,, « ..i^,,^ proiip. TIhto is vfiv shoal jrround for tw.i IuiikIiviI and lifty yards soiitli from tiir x.utli. .1-1 t „h„< R4U'k, and fnim this tliiTc is a Uua t;ul of liaid, sandy Ixittoni sfn-ttdiinK ov.t tlin-c .1^1,;:,. .,| , niili> nviirly wrst soiitliwcst touards the n-d liuoy. Aliroast tiirColviis liocks.and noarly oni'i|iiart«Tof a mile from tin- sliorcllH'iv isa In , i,„.|, This is (lie Sii /■'.«/,. one liiiiidrfd and lift.v yards in cxtt'nt and just awasli at iii;:li inl. Hi,.,,. Is a narrow lin<> of thu'i- tatlioiiis of water just inside of it. The deepest channel into tliis lia\ hes outside the Khis Koek, ami hetweiMi the inn. r.,h,„ R«H'k and the Snake iuiek. wjiere the channel is six hnndnd yards wide hetween liie il\. (.,||, lines, and carries slxti'eii lathonis of water over sticky bottom. Tiiei •verythin;; is ilr.ir t.i tin. head of the l>iy, ;;radii.illy reducing; the depth fn ei;,'ht and seven fathoms inside the saw ; i;|| s|„i. and havinv' u'ood water under each shore. Init the better water under the west shoiv. Iihi.-k,, broad toresjioie. or low water bea4h, nndei the east shore. The usual cliannel is between the Tolvos l.'ocks and Tala I'oint. erossiim the bar in Im,,i ,,|„| a quarter tatlioms of water, over hard sandy buttoni. between the red aiil black bno\ s This passajre is thre • (ifihths of a mile wide, and the biio.ss lie noitii three loiirlh- uc^i .,||,| soiitli three fdiirtlis east iVom each other. It the «iiid and eiirreiits do not suit for enlerin^j by this bmned channel, a \cssel iiiii,i run inside of the Colvos Kocks, earryin;,' {Joi.';;n|| jiiiie. The low water beach is about lifty yards wide, and tiie three fathom line is tin m Iniii died to two hundred yards Irom the shore, except near Snake Koek, which it nearly r< n Iji >, jii,. j;eiieial direction of the eastern side ol the bay from Tala Toint is south by west for oim' ;iiii| mu'. ,i\ atVordsa beaut it'ul anchora;,'e in six toei;;lii f.iiliiiii,.< of water over sul't iiiud for half a mile to the southward and westward. This small ba-in i^ ("in |iletely laiidlocketl, and is protected from ;;ales from every quarter by the hij^h land .iinl lii^li trees aroi'.nd it. coi.vos UdCK iiroY. Tills buoy has lM»on plaeed half a mile east southeast frotn the southea.st Colvos l.'oi k ii th. tail of the hard, saiiily b.iiik or bar makiii;; out in that direction. It is a xccihk/ .Vk.ns hhh Aii»k, IKiiiitfil rid mid niimbirril '2- It is placed in twenty four feet of water, over hard, sanil> li'timii: from it we have the follosviii); bearin;;s and distances to locate it: Fniil wont hor RliifT. Mill kl y K. I>.v N. J N. ',' iiiM.m. 8<>iitlii'.i..t Colvo* Ko«'k WNW. N.-arl.v J mil.'. TiiliilNiiiit .si:. I.y .S. t 8. Iii.il.v 8j»w mill at li.'a.l «( t.iiy S. l.y \V. J W. H iiiil>-.t- T»U Point, bluck buoy S. l-y K. f iml.'i(. TAI.A I'OINT ni'OY. Tills buoy ha.s lK>en placed on the northwest point of the lianl sand bank or iia, ni.ikai;'"';: tlireeei^'hths of a mile th northwest from Tala Point. It is n Jirxt ihixn npiirhiioii p.i' ■<■! Wmi anil nuiiiliirnl |. It is placed in l."i feet of water over hard, sandy bottmii and marks {]„■ >..iitii.ni edp' of the channel across the fonrfatlnun bar to the entrance to Port Ludlow. From ii «c li.Hf the follow ill}; beariiif^s and tlistanceH to Imiate it: 8iiw-inilliri till- l.cii.l of lliobny ^- '•> W ' W. 1} iiiilr*. Ea..t tiiii«iMil Talii I'l.iiil •**'• * ''^ ' '"il"'- 8«iiitlir!i«t » i.lvcw tJ.wk NW. * N. J iiiil.v ColvoN l{.«k, n-.l biiiiy N. by W. " iiiilr. Ktoolwcftlber Uliifl-, bliuW buoy NK. } K. ■.•4iih1.m. iltli si)iiliii-a>I liir PACiKir roAsT ni.uT. q^i Til.' jn'oKraplii.-iil position ..C tlio siiwi ,,i j-.Mt l.iuli„«, ;,s .l..|..riiiiiu..l l.v ll,r II. S. Coast iiitl . Tlic niaxiiniiiii ••asltrlv variation was passcil a lew \imis iMtniv iIimI ihii.'. niis lit I'oit /.»,//«„•.— Thf ronv.-tf.i Kslalijisliiurnl. (.1 an iiil.iv:.! 1,, hvr.ii tlir tinir of ilic niooii'H transit ami liii- tinu' 01 lii;;li waii r, is \ \ |i' ■Si"'. To asn-rtain tin- tiinr ami h('i;;lil of cvciy Inlr tliic.ui;li,.iit ih.. y.u- .nnsnli |i„- rariijc Tide i.ilijfs, |iul)lislif ii in lii> narrative, and ,i|i|>lies no name to it, I'orl Lmilow has always lieen an irn|H>il:inl Inniliei in- |.|;ire, and Im- s.Mne years iliere was a |,ii-e slilp IniildinK estal.lislimeni at liie liead nl' tji.' 1m\ . ili.' Him ^i,.,imi l.n.n Lmlt m these waters \\,.s lannelied here in IS(il». In later \ ears oni> liini. 110111 IST; to jssi. limit iliirtyone vessels, liavin>;a total tonna;;e of six thoiisaml nine liinnireil ami one tons, cif whj, h tlie lar;;est was fonr hiimlretl and seventy-one tons iHiideti. Aliout II inilo from the mill there is an ;iiii|ile w.iierjHiwer with an avaiialile iieail of eighty let. Tin- harbor received its presenl nann- Irom lii.' Initr.l Stales lAplm in;; lAiieililion in 1,S41. Milts niii!.i Imiil hiiilMir.—\)\\ \\u- mntii side of r.,i.-,;ii Toinl, ami hetweeii it ami Oleie Point, wlii.'h is the siMithern Itoumlary o/ Oak (',,\,., there is the narrow mouth >>{' a small lioat liarhor; il Ill ranee to it is over half a mile Ion;;, ami hIioiii uw,- hiiiidn iI >;iids wide, li sijiis in on a MPiiIliwest l»y west eoiirse tor one i|iMiter of a iiide, and the ikes ;i sinldeii turn In the soiilli lor one third of a mile. At this turn the eliannel is ol)>tiiieied li> roeks, and laiiies only three feetof water. r.eyond that tlio dianncl deepens, and in l!ie haihcir the deptii rin-es toiwo fathoms. The extent of the harltor, which is Itoidered liy a Inoad hiw water lieacii, is alxiiit three iinaiters of a mile north northwest and .soiithsoiitheast, liy one-third oi ;i mile in width. Oil' the inotith of this harhor lies the Klas lloek, one i{iiartei' ol ;i mile to the east iiortheaat. This roek has heeii already descnlieil. The depth o| the uatei between the reek and the shore is sixteen fathoiii.s, with si.v fathoms elo.se to the month of .Mats-mats. nooD'ti IIEAU. This is the island-llko mass on the western side of Hood's (^inal. three miles inside of Foul- Weather ItliitV. It isalioiit three ipnirters of a mile Ion;,' north liy W('>r ami .south hv east, and three- ei;;htlisof a mile wide. It is Joiin'tl to the wesiein main shoie by a low. narrow strip of s;iml> beach half a mile Ion;;, which has moderately deep wateron the iiortli side and a eonti acted shallow cove en the south. A ves.sel may anchor to the northwestwaid of the head in lilteeti latlioins of water, over iiiiiddy bottom, at onetliird of a mile from theshor(>. The north face of the head is a very steep, bare elitf, nearly three ei;;liths of a mile froiitago e.ist and west, and the stnitli face is a romidiii;;. Iii;;h, bare clilV. .Ml behind the clitVs Is covered with Oie;;on pine. .Vt the notheast point of the lie.al a low, ■s.indy point makes ont three liiindred yards and terminates in a vi'ry sharp point : towards the lii;.dier;;roniHl the p()iiit is marshy. This is I'oint lliiiiiini:. and nil it deep water is I'mind with stroll;; swirlin;; currents. I'rom I'uiiit llannoii the black bimy otV Tila Point bears noitliwest by west (N'W. by W.) three and -inedialf miles ; ihe low point inside of ! cnilweatln 1 I'dutl iiuithw.'si by north, one third iM.ilh (NW. by N. |\ N.) two and tliree-ipiarter miles, ami the saw null of Port Ciamliie .smith- e.i>t Ibnr lifths eiist (S. K. J K.) two and oin' third miles. The width of the eliannel abreast thks point is only one and one lift li miles. We e.\auiiiieJ aud uauiud Hood's llead in IS.Jii; 11 was noted by Vancouver in ITDi', but not uumud. I I I I 632 PACIKir COAST ril.oT. u If ?•:« bill, If m 1^' ILW 'ITv 111''' ) ' It :* I tU' '^1! 'I 111.' POUT (iAMIII.K. TIiIh \>* tlio Hocond linrlwr iiisiilc tlic tiitnuHi- ti» II I'n ruiial. It is on tlic c^^t silt' is a laiuMofkcil hay two antl one tliini inilrs Ion;; norlli noitliwfsi an.! .,,iit|, wintin-ast. with a ncailv nnilorm wlillli of live ci;:!!! lis of a iiiiU-. It narrows at lli. . i.n.,,,,.,. Ih'twiM'ii two low, grassy saml s|>its onl> IIikc liiinilinl vanls apart, ami with a fliaiiiK-l v,i\ „| ono liiimliol ami IwtMity .vanls width iM'lwffii tile tlircft'allioiii lines. Tin' dt't'insl wah i m il,.. bay ix nine t'lliioms, ami it may Im- said to havf a marly iinirorm dt'i>tli of livt- taihoiiis. < )|, ii,,, <-ast*'rii |>oint tlii-n- IS an Imlian \illa;,'<'. (hi tin- wivstmi |ioint ot tlit* cntram-** j^ siinn,.! ii,,. pn-at sawmill ; and tin' l)iiildiii;;s iiai-h to thi< rise ol tlir Mull to the westward. The »li iim.»,.ii the westt'.n point are luiilt out so that vessels have dt ep water lietwi'en tlieiii and I'ast j. i. At the saw mill the eseapiiii: steam ami siiioUe is a ;:ood mark lor the plaee ; tin f i< i|..i,i diUHtaiit smoke ;;oiii;; up from the iMiriiiiiy; '• s|al» |»iU'," even if the mill Im- imi niiiniii.,. fli. steam and smoke are ilistineily visilih- finm part of I'ort Tow iiseml. over tlu' low islliiinis liit,vcii that bay and Oak <'o\e. Outside ot th<> eiitranee |o the bay there is a lianl saml tlat on cither side ; that troin iln ci^i shore reaehes we-^twaid three hundred yards; that on the we>t stretrlies out iioiih l»y \\i-i iimi, the mill parallel with the east .slime, llelween these two llats is the vide between the three fat Immii curves. Wes.waid of tin' eiitraner for one and oneei;;lilli of a mile there is a rpiiiarkabl> .-.ii.n-i' shoreline, partly elitl' and p:>rlly low ;;roiiiid, towards the west, where Salsbnry i'oiiit lllalk^ liu' turn of the shore line to the soiithward. Vessels from the I'cirthwaid after leaving Mariowstime Point pass Nixliile Point, si\ iinl. < iiim, Ponlweatlier ItliitV. "ii a soiithweNl by south one fourth smith eourse (S\V. by S. J S.), sieiru - hi\ niMMTs i'l.'id if \> is reeo;;ni/.ed. This roiirse pas>es more than a mile to the westward ni I'mi!- Wt'atlier I'.liilV, and nearly half wa\ between I'luilwcather Itlull' buoy and t'oUos l.'oek 1>iim\. After passin;; Ponlweatln r I'.lutV keep elos.-r to the eastern shore than to the we>ti in i.. iv.imI the stron;; and irre;;iilar eiirreiit passiii;; aioiiiid the low point, which iiiaki s out two liniiiiir'i niil scMiity live y.irds eastward from Hood's Head. Then run for the saw mill plainly in si;;lii .ii tin west side of the eiiir.ime, and when within a mile of it approach the eastern shore within om ilinl of a mile. When it is fo^'K'y or smoky steam boats p't their distance from the shore b> iIk l « nj i in summer with the last of the ebb or trust to a li;;lif southerly air in the morninj.', w itli i:i '" enrreiit. N.uie but small smartly workiii;; vessids can beat out, ami very few of tlieiii li.iv. .Imii, so w ithin cha I limits. When a small vessel is be.itiii;; out she should ;;o out on lli.- . Iii'. Inside the saw mill and Indian village points there is pH)d water in the mid channel lor itl,.' a^'c. <»ii the western siile ther.' was foiineily a cub in Ihr iiid a half fathoms of w.itcr. .im.iimI which a shoal has formed, with only ten to tlfteeii teet of water; between this crib and Ilic Imp!" wharf there is from seventeen to twenty two feet of water; if a vessel has to anchor, -Ik so ,iiist beycnnl this crib in live fathoms of water over soft, muddy boltoui. On the east side of the steam boat wharf, which lies nearly north ami south, tin iv is a .t- \'\\< ' live to twenty two leet, th« shoaler water lieini; at the tli cnl. On the south sid.'of the "Im:'. where the liimb.-r vessels lie t4. receive their cargoes, there is a d.'pth of twent\ one to iweni>. I"iii feet at twenty feet Irom the wharf. Inside <.f the steam lH)at wharf, with an «.p«'"i"K '" "'♦■ northward, there is a "t;ridii..i,. ii which small ve^s».Is are taken out ut high water for reitair or eiammatiou. It has iwehc id oi walur uu it ut iiigli waUtr. I'Acinc ciiNsr iMi.iir. n| si. I. ,i ||„. wi'.iIIm l.'iil, Ml III tl ' ;,,i, ^l <>i mil' vMiili lllr I ■ ■i.iiiir 'Imiiii' i\ III . t hi III,. I < silii iUmI i|„, III' W lj II ■.■'•. I III K.isf I', M. Illfl" I . i|„, ,| llllllllli. III,. NtlllllU> III I .\< I'll t IVoIll ■ 111' l',l>| til \<\- V\i -I til III! i\ , iiiiii': < N.iiiN irkalilv >iriiij.'lit *oillt 111,11 Ks Till' It, si\ mill's tnnii S. ). .sll'.-rill;; fur '.stWMliI I 'I l'"ii|i'- IflK'K llU'i\. Wotrlll 'ii .iXiilil |\Mi lltlllilli il .ll:il Iv ill si;;lil 'III till' > vvitlilli iMll tllMll lliilc li\ 1 1,1 nlm I til, it II iJiN I'll (illtlu'ii.sl. ili^Iaii! r til)' t'll:iliM I .il.il I' Sdlltlli'.I^I L.lli'-'" ill Willi llir fai!\ l'\ lllll>l VKll| t in;;, Willi ;iii '-li'i tht'iii li.i'i I ilmii' III IIk' I I'll. laiiiit'l till .ii'dim III" walrl . .llllllllli II ami till liiiiilii'i iclior, slir s*>l riif K»'(iHia|iliic,il |iii>itii>ii (if till' la.slfiii |>ail ul ilir ini ('(ia.-»l ami (icddftit! Siii'\i'\ \s: >> II saiiil anil |M'lili!y lii-ail, i.iiicc, a.s lii'icjiiiiiii'ij ||^ til,, r, s. I.lltltllilr Liili^llllilii Or, III lllllr i: .-it IIOIlll. {•j-i :ii -ji .0 «,.»!. ■"■ 1 1T".-I. II .liimiarv, l.'^H.'i, tlii> iiiai'iictir \ariati li:ill a tiiiiiutii; till' iiiaMiiiiiiii vaiiatinn |i;i,| Im.,.|| narliiil a I Thr TiiliM at I'mt (/((m/i/c— 'I'lic riiriccinl |;x|,ili||,,| MiiMiu'.s tiaiisit anil liir tiiiii'nr hi^li watrr, i> \\ I : To as('i>i'taiii tlictinic anti lii'i;:lil hI'cM'in tiilr ilimi ••a-i. vMtli an aiiiiii.il ilciicasc cil' aliout i'» Nral's cai lii'i. Illll'll', II' nil. Ill lllll'l\;l| liclWO'II till lijcs, iHilili.oliiMl aiiiiiiailv li> ijit- 1'. S. Coast anil (it'iiilitii' Sn i;;liiiiil llic veal, ciiii.inli llic I'ucitic Tiilo Till' .saw iiiiil at I'liil (lanililc is tlir largest iimi Ihc most ithcllM' III till' Tillitol'V.alitlli: rcai'lu'd an iint|int of omt lincii inliln.ns of li. i of liiinin'i' |nr iirmtli. ami lias rcaclinl liirci IH iiiiliril anil tiltv tlionsaiiil t'ci't of Inniln'r in l\M'iit\ foi II liiiiir-. Willi ilir I'.iit l.inllow and I i>alail.v nulls uikIit tlir saiiir eoniiiaiiv , tin- oiii|iiit is sixty niillioiis let of ihi'sscil and mi- ilii'-scd IninlitT ptT .vrar, iM'sidcs vast ijiiaiiiiii.'s of laths. sliiii;;li's. .'ir. A lar;:(' ainonnt of tliu liiiiilirr and roii;;li spais is canifil to Aiistialia ami llii' Samlw irii Mainl-. l''roiii tills piaiT a road lias lircn inailr to llic A;:aii' 1' i-,>a"i' al Hit' MniiliMc Miili.son, mid miotlicr tn tlu' NVasliinylnii .s.iw mill at ■■sfalni I, lliiiliui, in I IniiilV < anal 't pait of I'ort Tli<> Indian iiainc ol'tlic wi'stmi point ut tin' i nn III l>\ tlial iianic lor soint< tiiiir. imc to i|ii> lia\ i> 'lie K.i III, iiiiil the plaeo 'I'lif liav rticrivcd its present name tioin the Tiiited Stales i:\pliiiiiin I'AjHilition in l.sn. It in plieed on Vaneiiiivcr's chart, Inil he did imi enter it or name ii. .• iieail of the hav I lie west siioro nin> sontlieasl for twd miles, tiiiis fm mm;; a l.ii ue liiaiiL;n!ar open liay wiili moiliiately low siiores, a low vallevand s . am at the iieail. ami in.irsli\ 1 ind iiinlei tin- .-.linn, w iih m 'moad lowwater •h. A 1 ir;;e .sain liani; parallel with the west Mile, one mill' lull;: aiiil mai l\ half a mile w ide, lies w itiiiii one tliird of a mile of the we t shore. 'I'lieie is a sixfathoin ehanml inside of this shoal, ami ai'oiind the north end. »)n tiie east side of this siioal, and iimler the imiili shore, and ai'io>s the moiilli of the hay, ilieie is yoiid water. In tliieU weatiier llie a|i|iiii,i('lii s to ilie shoal, which is in ]iart liaro, arc ili'iceted liy tlie lead ; the soiindin;;s dceicaM' w itii lair ic;;iil.iiil\ ; Iroiii twenty t'atlmms tlie liottniii i> muddy. l''ioiM Ti'i'iiiiiiatioii Point the teiifathnins cni\c runs marly soiiili tin three i|iiarters of a mile, III the two rocKs called Ihr SLstns. which lie iiorili and soiiih of each other. Tlicse roclxs are four linndred and Iweiiiy yaids Immd oil' the .mhiiIi lace nf Termination Point, .mil aie, tlieieforc, near one ijliai ter the w iill h nf llicch,iiiiicl finiii llie wolci n slioie. I'laeli is about line hiindred .mil lifly yards in extent, and they aie covered al half tide: Ihc tide laiiK'"' I'' '"' ten III twelve leet. They lie iiortii imi iheast and .south-.soiithwcst from each other, and me eiH:lity Minis apart. There is a depth of .'mvcii lallionis hctweeii them, ami umid wan r all .iidiind them, Tlieir walls are Imld, and they are niarl>ed liy a palcli of kel|> around them. The southern rock lies one and one ihinl miles tioiu Salsliury Point .mil oiietiftli of a luile imm Terniinjition Point. Tlie.sc rocks arc iilso kiiowti as the Sipiiiinish Itocks. Tho north shore of the harlior is called Vnlkat P.liill'. Thf hIioiiI ill tin* west part of tbe Larbor is known as Case's Buuk. ii i •>i ij'' N II n- " ilir canal iiiiis lor twt'Ivi- mil li.\ ui'Ml iliitrtinii, »illi a ;.'i'iitial wkIiIihI t'llr aiitl tiiif hall riillivs. ;;im(|ii,iII> tltTira.Mii- Intl <•■< 111 1 -.Mill, II canal. The >lMirc-> aic Imlil, ami of the 'roaiKlos rciiin.^ula. on the ucst shIc ot t| Malcr close niitlcr thcin, ami no know n ilan^cr. Tlic lioltoni laiiKi'M IVoni (liirt.v rallnnns in ilcpth to .sc\cnl\ luo at ll tin- cnricnirt arc stion);. The eastern point of the Ttmndos I'cniiisula is //,(,-,/ l'i„,it,^ ami lnic ili tion nearly Kontliuest \>\ west for live niilcs. Inihi tlic eastern s| ,i| ilii ll ic narrowest |iii e caii.il \.d I III-- icarli. iiml icininoNi iMiciiiits of 'ioantliis I'ciiMiMila, Ins ihe 1 alireawt li>: point whiih |(.pi>t|, 11 !-• Cilllll.iili pmteetion to the lia\. On tl Iil ehaits this pioji ition was < alli tl Si :ilii i k I'mni: on ih ones It i.s nailleil I'oint .Misel>. At the elitraiice the liaihor is ini.ie tlian I hlce i|iiai l. mile wiile, with tifleen talhoiiis over san(l> liottoiii in the iiiiihlle; neai the licail ii hill a tlepth of ti\e fallioms ol wain is eariieil well up to the mill, which is on the i a^h m . ,1, , The j;<'i';.'"i'l'lii*iil poNilion of Toint Mi.serv ax (leterniineil li\ the I . S. < oast ami ( , Survey, ih: I-iIiIihIi" i: ;i'.i I- .;l ii.iili I tfiliiili' I-,'-.' yj IJ .- n.si There i.s a mix lai >."' "^Ji^* mill ♦•stahlisheil here, ami in ISS.". the monthls oiilpiii wasnMi,,;,, inilliiin feel of liimliei, liesiiles hit lis, sliin;.'leN, etc.; \essels are |ov\i<| in ami mil of Ijonil'v I m, This lia\ was furimilv ealliil llahainish Mailioi.) Imi the nanie wasc|ian;:eil to ."^ea' eel. i \ i|. Kelt lets w hell lhe\ Imill the III si s.iw null lieie. The hailior is iiotcil on \°alicon>er's cliai I Nii; i,, tliii not enter it or ^i\c it any name. IIAZKl. rolNT. t'i Ikfii This IS the sonlheasteriiniost |iro|ecliiin of the Toamlns I'eiiinsiila, ami is Ihice ami him iImiI miles north iioilhea.st (NNIv) Iroin I'oint Miserx ; ami one ami Iwothmls miles mniir i:" ilej:rees east (N. ."'H I''.|l'rotn Oak lleail. which is the sonlhei iimost e\tiemil\ nt llic pinn-n: i Tliere is very ili-ep waterclo.se oil it. ami the ca lal is here jiist a tiitle o\er one mile wiilc. |i i^ in— l.iitittiili- IT 11 :il .'.' iinrili. i>ii;:ilnili' 11 .:. wiht N'liticoiiver applied the nnmo to tlio cxtreinit.v of tlii> peiiiiisiila. OAK IIKAll. Jl This is the Nnkalow ap I'oint of the older charts ; it is the sontlieriiinost piojccliiin ol I l'«-liinsiila. ll is lii;,'li and ahriipl. w ith deep water close iimler the shore, ll is almost I \ north lioiii roiiil Miser\. with sixty lallioiiis of water in mid channel. It isin latitude 17 to' .'>7 .1 north. \ aiiconyer placed it in latitude 17 .ill iioiili. ainl ' it Hazel I'oint. on accouiil of the man\ hazel trees foand llieie. risliirvKiit's l'„iii. — .Inst on the east side ol Oak Mead Iheie is a Ion;:, narrow cove m.ii. to the northweit liy west for three ipiarters (da mile. There is a little spit at the west siili cntraiiee, and the water is not deep. DAIIOP 11 A V. The southern extremity of Toandos reiiinsiihi is Oak Head, whence the shore rim- northwest lor a mile, and then nearlv Ih by west for nine miles, with a Inoad ainiol H^ <'anal extendiii;; that far in and endiii;.' in two sni ater, and yery hit.'li hills on idlei arms. This l>a,\ has very hold s|ii>i> the west side. The wt-stern arm al the north is named i.'i 'It psialli.l S.uImm li llailiiT l..\ I . S. Eilili'tiiij! i;\|»-ililiiiii, l«ll ; also .S» iil»« k r.iuit. I NiiilH'il !•> \:iiiriiiiviT Ml IT'.hi. tU. H. KxpIurliiK Kxiifililiiiii, IMl. :iliil i> tliiicldrc ^« lilrli liiiii>'> ll. |ll I' IjllMI ll I ~ ..| .1 ll I- I'Mlili.!, till. Xn's rli;i| I. Imi; III' iiiilcs iioiili \i\'\ 111 till' |irlilll»llhl. ll' uiilt'. 1 1 i> in— Irctiiill of Tii.llMJ \V CIIVI' III, Ik nil' III s iiMliiril f.hiilrii I' PAciric roAsr rii.uT. (;;;,■ r.,IV,illiil is sliillltiw iiliil niill'sliN :it tlir In nil. win if ll till- li-rt liailU ol I'll;; IIJM r. 'I'lir lii|;:r liiiiiiiil.iiii >t MiirllM'iisI IliinU III'llll.V Illlllwil.V til I'lilt |)|.srii\ I lisnivi'l.V. II Mill llllllllrj t.lMlll.ll,. I^n liiis jls IIM' III rill ""^•■"I'l'i lliil'l llll.lit;il.V ciiiiii's rinlii ;i |,ir-( rl,\. :iliil lii',iil\ ll ;i( In ., CiniKii | iiki'. wliiili t'lii|itii'M iiilo I'ldt Tlio jii'ojiriipliii'iil |iii.sitiiiii nl <.iiiilii'iii.. ,i ■"''"■''■' 'I '•> III.- I. S. r.Msl ;i!i.| (ii'iiilrlirSur- l.utlllllll' . I.lllll{illllll' i: ir. i: Till' IllllimljlillS Mil- 1\MI finillsilllll six lillliiliill In l |||m| >\rst .sjinli'. 'rili'si'iiri' tlli> .lll|i||i'r Hills, mIhmiIn II .1 ..I .1 I, Wlllnil nil.- ;||m| ;| li.ilr mill's III' III. irllllnliril. .Mni'iisi III" On U Ill-ill I, oil till' NM^t siiji' 111" |»nlMi|p |;.i\. till' /'/ l< iiiii'il 11 lliit ili'lta iiiiil ;i IhimiI slmil iii liiml. Tiiis slinnl is two mil SI 11-11 II I ji^ Uir, ,■ i'iii|iin's, Mini h itli ili'i'p MiitiT L'losi- ii|i til It. IJi'twi'l'ii tins .slmai iiml T>kiilsl,it I ill's lull:: :im| li.iir a mi|,. u iilc, iiiijos I't'iiiiiMiilii ami oiii' 111 ill' wist ol Oak ilt'aij. till' \Milili nfilii' I oiiil, till' inaii'si ji.iit III' till- nil lis, ami till- ilrjitll of wati'l- IS i'i-|it\ l:illnims. oM'I |iiii,|i|\ linii lllll. (. till' imuiiilaiiis iisi> to mil' tlioiisaml llw liiimlii'ij am) |,,ri\ | l,\ IS olii-aml si'M'ii i'i;;|itlis I I'llllIT siili' i,[ tins I iviT ll fi'i't Nvltliiii oiii> ami mil' li.ilf iiiiii's, 'I'l I rl. ami to tuo ilioiisaiiil tlinr Iniii' lis stii'.nii liiiak- lliinii-li 111,. Ml iiaiiis Ir tin- I'ast ill' of Mount Coiistaiiri'. ami on a ii'iini ma pot' tin' 'ri'iiiioi\ jt is lalliil //i.oi/'.v ('((/(((/, (i(////HH((/.—Siiiitliw, ml fiinn I'lpiiii Mi> iii'arl.N a Ntiai;;lit liiii' soiitli twotliinls wrst lur iwini Mvi'ia;;!' uiillli of OIII- ami a i|iiartrr iiiili's. It lias holil. I. mil of the (iii-at IViinisiila Iti'iii;; of iiioili'i.ui' hri-ht ; tin- wrstiiii laml ij-iii" holilj III' S\ lopisli ( 'icik. II lioi till' ciiial runs in In s« i;ilinoi, with rii'Valions omt si\ tl siml t ri.v at Si'aliiik 11. \ I'lii' mill's, null a iii'ail\ iiiiilniiii ami II' rasii'i n > ami ia|iiill.\ riM'l>.\ slum's mi iiUmi' .si,l|.. || \ I'll tlioiisaml fci't at tin- casii'in praKs ol tin- Ol.viiipiis laiiui'. ••Tlic Iiml lin s" mnl Mmiiil ii'l, ...iii'u iiiil\ si'M'ii or 1 iMlit mill's to till' ui'stwaiil. ml Mount ronstaiii'i- ti'ii ami a half mih's. hm ivaihiiiu sivi-n ihousaml srvin Immlii'il ami M'iit.\ si'vi'ii fi'i't t'li'vatioii. 'Ihi' ih'pih nl walir is \ , i y ilcrj, ilnM. nmln' tli" slioii's. cxn-pt whi'ii' stn-aiiis iiiaki- out ; ami tlirmi;;li ilir mid rli.iniii'l tin- ili'iiths ra to lift.v falhoiiis of waliT. 'I'lii' lintimnni I Insi' ili'|iilis is mini iIi|i,i|m|,,,iii. nm' lioiii moil' than iiiiiftv Four mill's soiithwi'st fiom O.ik lli'ail ami on tl II' vvi'sl siili' of till' raiial thi-li' is I'l'iiti'h hcail, nami'il itiuitsnjt I'ninl. iimlii tlir smiih snli'ni' wliirli is a Inoail oj.i'ii lia\ oni' mile wide mil an i-xtiMisivi' Hat cxti-mlin;; mil lo thr In I iIh' nmil nasi ami smitliurst iiniiils i'liis liav n-i'i-ivi's tlii> IhiiLiilms /, iirii. uhii'li hnii^s iliiuii iiniili ili-tiitiis. Till' iiioiintaiii on tin- south siih' ol tin' iimt ami onl\ ;\vii mill's hark is lun tlimisaml tlirt'i liiimli'i'il ami ri;.'lit.v fn't hiuh. 'I'liis mmniiaiii is tin' smiil iiiiiiiin^ thfiii-f norlliwanl to Ihr (^hiili'i'iii> IliviT. ii'iii pait of till' :aii;:r ol .liipitrr Mills, IIAM.MIAMA i;i\Ki; Tliis sti'i'iini I'inplii's on thr wisi siiln ni' iln- lanal twrlvi' mili's soiith, tui'iit.vsix ili';,'n'i's wi'st (S. 'Jf'i ' W .1 from Oak llrail. It is mai knl l>\ a Innail llat mii' milt' Inii;; ami oiii'thiiil of a mill- Willi' i 1 flout of it, with lil'ti'i'ii tallioiiis of watii rjnsi' miisnlr ; Inn llir I ui'iii v lalliom I'liivo ii'ai'lii's out to mill rhaiini'l to tii<' smiihi'ast wan This liMi iliaiiis a lai';;i' laki' I our or livi- II riillU'S tioill till' mill's lii'liinil till- h:;;li iiiountaiiis ovi r thr .shoir. ami into this laki' a lai;:i' stirai OI.\ inptis raiij^r. Till' ;;ro;;i'apliii'al position of this liviT. as ilcii'iiniin'il hv ilir C S. Coast ami (ii'iidi'tlc SuiAi'V, is: l.iititi i: :iJ 11.-. I iiMiili, l.niiKiliKli' I'.'ii II'-' '-".I .1 wi'Nl. (til the old woi'k ill this raiial llii' naiiii' was lliimahiiiiia. Thr Urrot Until of llmtil's ChikiI is twi'iil.v lun ami mir hall miles hv tin' iiiiilchaniu'l coiii'so from Point .Miscrv. lli-ii' thr luradth of tin' ranal ixpamls to tuo mili's for the saiiii' distaiu'i', and thi'uri' runs ni'ail.\ lifti'i'ii tiilhs, to tlii' lii'ail, in a ;:('iii'ral nortlu'asl iliii'ctioii, ih'cri'asin;; in uidtii to hall a iiiilr at SistiT's I'oiiit on tin' iioiili snlr. Tin' shoirs an- lnihli'i' on tin' poit hand ;;oiii}; up: tlu' depth of watiT rontiiim's lar;;i' to with in two ami a half mili's of tlii' lii'ad. wlicro tlii'ii' is ji lU'ptli of thirc fatlioius onl.v. Tho lii'ail has mml I'.ils, ami tin' width dt'creases to half it mile. I! i{i ' lilf c.'w: 'ACIKIC (HAS I I'll.or. >u ixM It JH within liiilf It iiiil«> of tli<> lit'iid ot' ('um-'m liilot in I'li^i-t Sonml. At till' I'Mlrlllc llCiltl lit' tilt' rillial is till' \ llhi;:r of ('lltliill. AiinoM |i* is tin* siMitliiriiiiinNt |iiiit nl lliMMi's<'iiiial iit tin' t Iri-iil lli'iiil, ami i I h '■\\>-s M|ll.ll Mil!,. tlif uatt'i', lit' till- SUiikoiiiisli Jtivt'i', wlilrli lias linniKlit ilown so iniii'li ili'tiitiis ih.it ,i iirtlii' li.i.v is a ^'ii-at saiiil anil tniiil Itat, \t itii ilri-p natiT aioiiiiil ll ilii ril;{i' in tin- w unl tiiirtli. 'I'lii'iv is iliM'p watiT Im-Iwci'Ii tlii> wcNti-rn i'il;;i- iif tliis liaiik anil llir wi'slirii mir i , oiH' iiiiliMlistant. On tlii' |ioint at tlio Huntli NiiliMil'llio Hliiui'iif tlii' iiilrt ami t'niniin;; tin • ' ,|,|,. or Annas |la> is tin' villap' nl I'liioii City, \t liit-li lias a mail tlimii^'li tuOaklaml mi llunih. l^h'^ Inlt't. TIh' SkiikiiiniNli is a lai't;i' imnintain Htn-ain ('iiiiiiii); aruiiml tlif Niuitlii'ast tl.iuk i>i tin n \ tii|iii« inoiiiitains. It ilraiiis a lar;;i' lakr, iiatni'il ('nslniian, lii^li nji tlii' tianks nt Mniini l'',llii Till' Skokiiinisli Imlian ri'MTvatiun <" '. 'I'lic ;:i'o;;ra|iliiral |Mi.sitiiin iif tlh' ('iiast SiiivcN Statiiiii Annas, aUiiit oni' inilr \\i'Uiiiiii.sli Kivi-r, \n r «r>l ^1 > III I iIk t.,'llllil>ii' 17 ■•Ml' I- ' IIMllll l.llll);lllllll' . i-.>:i lis II I u.Hi Viuii'iiiiviT plari'ii it in liititiiilt* IT ' '2\' niirtlitiu'i'itrilin^totlii' rliart. AftrrM I'ltiiit IS till' lii-ail uliirli t'lirtns tlii' t'arllirMt |ir;h, roiiniliiiv. hlnlV linnl on the north sliori' of thi' lanat tmii tiiili' I l-l n| Avii's Point at tin- (iri'at lii'iiil. It projcct.s t'toiii tin' nortliwanl ami m-aiiv siiiit:< thi> va'a >i. ,i\ ill): a clianml only half ii niih" wide, with ili'i-p watiT ovrr ^nivi'lly hottoiii. 'Ihis is •• \ .iinoini i" farihi'st. (litlon. — This villa^i' is at tli«> «'.\ti'«"iii' Iii'ail of IIikhI's ('anal, with a Ion;; saml aini ihikI tin for two ami om-half mill's ilown tin' ra.',.)!. Tlii'ti' is a mail thi'iiri' toOaklaini, tin' roiinty si-at on llaniim'isl>'s lnlft,aiiothi'i lo i.i; lii\ il!r. at tLe Lcuil uf Ca^ic'tt lulct, uudu third tu Si'alM'ck llarlMu. It is in lutituiU' 47 l'*i-' mutli. I !l ill: ¥ ^1 m IIM.I II ivi.s •I M|ll.ll |l||!c " III" «. ., .Illll •III ln;ll! lull,., u' I III' f 1 1 '.III, II ll.Ulllla l,>lk'. l|' till' i •'' 'Minis \M'>I n1|. lis III !<■ \\i-.-[ .1 III,. iiMilit ii till' rrji w.il, I ,'|iisi' III lllllr> > is| ,,| IIh' IM.II li. .i\ > •' \ .i:ii om I i'. Ul illlll IMII'I ll.lt h' to l.ic.lit\ ll!r, Hi-,' Iltillli. iM(»i!MATioN' roNrnnN'iNij TiiR nuiT nr.ci i.ATioNN or !iiFm;F.XT hiinN or\i; A.NTINK l!i:<;i LATION.S. ||ir. IlKiil I.ATKiNs u| l\IMltil;\T|uN, IMIUN VTKi.N \L IlKtil LAIIUNS TO ri{K\ i;.\i ( (»U,|s|uN> aI SKA, KIV KUl.KS AND REGULATIONS l-OR THK GOVKRNMI'.NT Ol- I'lI.OTS. ADOPTII) HY Till- UNITKD STATKS BOARD OK SUPKRVISINO INSPKCTORS JUNK. 187.. AND AMKNDKD JANUARY. 1875, JANUARY, 1881. AND JANUARY, 1882 All pilots of sU'iiiiK'iv iiiivi);atiii(; Nfii.s. ;:iiits. I; ilxis, liMVs. Ill iivcis (ixcrpt llic llcil Kivcr of ilir North illlll riviTs niipt.viii); into tin- <;iiir of M.\i.M nml tliin inliiitiiiii'.xi. wlicii inci'tiiin or ;i|,|i|ii;U'llillt:t'arll othiT, wlii'lliiT li\ ilil\ or l.\ lliylll, ;imiI ;i.s mhui i liiljv williiii ^.lllll(|(l|■||n•st..lm- ^vlll^llt•, nIhiII olKStTVl' illlll ('lllll|ll,\ Witil till' tillillWIll;.' i!i:iiri.\ rioNS. I.Ti.l-, I. Wlii'ii stciiiiu'r.'* ari' iipitroiicliiiii; raili oiIm , • Ihmij iml hraij." i.i iirarlv sn, it .sliail 111' I 111' duty of I'llfll strailHT to pass In I lie ||;;li| 1.1 pill .,|.. Ill III,, nlln'i: anil llli' pilnl 111 ciilicr sii'i •■ I" I, III' liisl III ili'ti'riiiiiiiii;: to pnisiu' ilns (oiiisf, am! iiii'iciipu'i >liall yi\i'. as a si-iial 111 Ills iiiiriiiioii, mil' .short ami liisiinrt lilasi uf Ins sti'ani ulii>;;,'. wlmji ihr pijui ni' ilir iiiIiit iiMinrr shall answer pi'otiiptl\ li\ a smiilai lila>t ul lii> sIimni \n Insilr, ami llii'ii'iipun siirh sicaint'is sli.ill pass to till' ri;ilit, or poit side, of iMrh uilnr. liiit il lln' cum.sc uf siicli sliaimis is sn far I III' starlioaiil of cai'li other as not to In- eiuisiili'i eil li\ |il!iits ,i.. Iiii'ctili:,' •• Il ead ami lieail.'' or hraii.x so, the pilot so tlr.st ileeiilin;; siiall iiiiim'illatclv ui\ r 1 uu slim 1 in, I ,li^tiiii'i Masts ul' lils sii'am whistle, wliieli the pilot of the other steamer sli, ill aiiswei |iiiiiii|pil\ !>> I\mi siniil.ii lil.isis III Ills steam whistle, ami tlie\ shal' p.iss to tlie leli, m on tin- starlioaiil snl'-. uf eaeli oiliei. N, ,|K.- Ill till' II I j; III sirlllllrls will I,,' , iilKlilil ,,1 lii.il mil; ' In. 1,1 ;ili,l lii.:l,l " s,, lull;; as 1m, ill ill, l,,r, ,1 ll;;ll|.- ul' 11' Il ai,' 111 \ irw (if 111,' ,i|li, r. Itri.Kll. When steiiiiiers are iipproailiiiiL; earli uilier jii an iiliiiijiie iliii rlioti lliev sli. ill pass to the ri;,'ht of each other, as if meetin;; "lieail ami lieail," m iirail> mi. am! Ilie sii;iials li\ whistle >li.ill lie (;iven ami answered proiiiplix, as m that ease s|nriilrd. I!l I.K III. If, when steamers are appiiiai'liiliL; e.uli rlliei. tin- ]iiliit nt eillier vessel f.iils to indi'istiiml tlio eoni'.se or intention of tin- uiliei. wjntliei tiuiii siyiiaK lieiii^' ^iveii or answered rinineoiisly, or from other I'liiises, the pilot so in dmilil shall iininrili.itelx si;;iiilv the same hy ;;iMiifr .several short iiml rapid blasts of the steam whisile; ami if llie \esselssh;ill have a|i|iroaehed within half a mile of eaell other, hmh shall he immediatel.v slowed to a speed haivlv siillieieiit fur -iri'rai;i'way until the proper si^iinds are ;;i\en, answered, itiid iindi'istood. or until the vessels sh.ill hive piis.seil eaeli other. 1,'fl.K IV'. When steamers iire running; in a fou or tliiiK wea pilot to eaiise 11 Ion;; hhist of the steam w liistl Sleiimers, when drifting or sit iiiehor in the I. in way olotln'i vessels in .1 to:; or tliii-k weather, -li.ill riiiii thvir Inlln at intervals of not 1 e than two mitinte; thi't il shall be the duly of the to be .sounded al intervals not e\ei'eiliiii: one iiiiimle. Itri.K V. Whenever 11 steamer is nearin; III! I llrliil iil'l'llr\ I ill till' i-liainii'l. w here, liiiiii the pposite direetion can imi be lie shall have arrived within slle. liiiKht ol the Itiiiiks or other eiinse. a steamer aiiproaehiii;: I'lom tlii' n -leii for a ilistiinee of half a mile, the pilot of siieh ste;imer, when half :i mile of siieh eiirve or beinl, shall ;;ive a sij;nal by one lon^' blast of the strain "hieh si^'iial shall be answered by a similar blast -iven by the pilot of any appioaehin- steamer ih.it may be within heal•inK^ Should siieh sif,'nal lie .so answered by a steamer ii|ion tlie farther Mile of .siieh benil, then the iisnal si^'inils for meeting; ami pa.ssin;: shall immediately be ^'iven iiiid s it g;i7 I i ' B cas l'.\(MKll' ("OAST riLuT. aiiswi-n-d ; luil il' tin* first alarm sij;iiiil of such pilot 1m> iihI aiiswiTed lii> is to roiisidci llici h ,iii vU'iiv and fjuvt'iii liiiiiM'll' a(-(-oi.i. I m at all liiiu's when pas-sin^ nr inei'tin;; at a distance within hall' a mile of each other, ami wlniiui pas.-iiiu to the .>t.irlioard or port. ll\ I r. \'I1. \\ hen t\Mi -leaiiiersare approaihin^ the narrows kmuvn as •■ Hell i'< :lle. nil 111, e.liiii I oij Kast iJivei, at New York, snle liv side, or nearly so, iiinnin;; in the same diieelioii. the s| the riy;lit or starboard hand of the oilier (wheii apprn.iehin;; I'loin the wesO. when the.v sliali Ii.im a I rived al'ie.i.st ol' the north emiol' I'dacUweir.s l>land, shall have the ri^'lit nl' way, ami llie -iimum i on the left or pnM .>.ide shall fheek her w as and drop aNtern. In like ea.se w hen I \\o siinini i> .,ii appiuai'liiiii,'' Irnni llie east, and aie alneast at Ne^ru I'uint. the steamer mi llie ri;:hl nr ^I;ll mmiiI hand ol' the nlhei- shall have the li;:hl ol way, and shall proceed on her eoilise w ilhoiil iiileiliii ik i , and t'le xleamei on the port side of the oilier shall keep at a safe distance astein iiiol lr>-. ili.c three I. n;,'llis) until lioth steamers li.ixc passed tliroiiuh ihedillicnll channel. IJii.kN'III. When steamers are running,' in the s.ime direclion. and the pilot of the st. .miri which is astern shall de>iie to pass on the ri^iht or staihoard li.ind ol' the sieaiiier alicaii, Im' nImI };i\e one short Id.isl of the .sU'iim « liislle as a si;:ii,il ol'.-.nch desire and in I cut ion, and shall |mii Ihv helm to poi't ; and the pilot of the sicainer alie.id shall ;iii>wer iiy the same signal, or, if he liicii i to keep on his course he shall ^ive I «o .short and distinct Masts of the steam w hislle. and llic Ixiii wishiii;; to p.i>s must ;,'o\crn herself accordin;;ly. bill the boat ahead shall in no case .iticiii|ii tc cross her bow or ciowd apoM her course. N. H.-'Mir l't m any |iartii'nl o r.iir ii'inlii .sarv III mdi r In iiMild iiiii Ii:ili daii;;i'i'. lion l-'t.'>, Revised Statutes, Kllle III. pai:i-i: a di'|iai'liiii' I'lniii tlii'iM II Kt l.i; 1\. All doableended terry boats on lakes and se.iboard shall carry a cenir.il r. clear, bright, white li;;lits, shown:;; all around the hori/.oii, i>laced at eipial altitudes |i and aft : also micIi .>,ide lights as s|iecilied in sei It and ('. Local inspectors in disiruis having' ferryboals >li,ill, whenever llie safety of navm.itin'i \<\r, reipiiic. desi-nale lor each line of such boats a certain li^'hl, while or colored, which shall slun i around he hoii/on. to ilesi;;iiate and distiiitfUi>ii such lines from each other, which li-ht simll In iilVaiiiidship, liltceii fei'i .ibove llie white ran;;e li;;lils. led oil a ll.l^; si The line dividing jiirisi lictioii between jiiloi rules on western rivers and lakes and scab New <»i leans shall be the lower limits of the cily. KXTBAcrS llJdM 1111". Kl'-.VISKI) ST ATITKS. Hl'f. V2'Xi. The follow in;; rules for piexeiilin;; collisions on the water shall be followeil navi;;atiou of vessels o f the Navy and of the men aiitile marine of the riiiled States. -I I AM X.Mi -Ml \ KS-KI.S. '!;>.J Kri.K I. I'.very steam vt ihich is iimhr sail, and not under steam, shall be consul. sail vessel ; and every sidered .1 steam Vessel. steam-vessel which is under sleam, w hetlier under sail or not, shall >< i; «|5' 1|t*4 \l IJii.i-. II. The li;;lits mentioned in the toUowin;; rules, and no others, slmll bee nil. '.I II' MMlliers, belwecll si iii.sel and sunrise. Ill IK III. .MloccanpiiiiKS teaiiiers, ami steamers cariyin;; sail, shall, when under way, cm \ III;: (A) .\t ihc foremast hi. wilh a clear almosidiere, at a ( lu'ad, a briKht. w hite li;;lit, of smh a ehaiacler as fo be visible on ,i .l.iil listance of at least live miles, and so coiisli iicled as lo a uniform and iinbrokeii linht over an arc < lived as to throw llie li;;hl fell points on ea if the hori/oll of fwellty poilitH of the eoiiipiiss, .hhI I'h side of fho ve.s.sel, namely, from ri!;hl ahead i.. n lOII itH abaft the bt-aui on either side, sitlcr till' 1 l.lllllrl illlll iinswi Iril \,\ tir iuMil> -", \n\[ liiT, :iiiil « li. liici It'll i iillf," nil ;h( III, tllC .sicllllrl nil II lIll'V sll;ll| ii.iv, , allil llli' >:• .IIiMi t «() slc;iliu IS ,ii, ■|;;lll nr >I:il mi.ihI limit llllcl li'li'lii'i , ('Ml ( iml li'.--^ 111. 11; Idl lit' llir --li .Illlll \VV mIu'.IcI, 111' .-.iLlil , anil .'^liall | 111. iiai.i^iiil'li" III' uaviuati'i'i iM.i,\ .vliii'li .shall sln'w .III ivliicli li;;lit Ml. ill I"' kfs and scaliiMi'l ii II 111' l(illii\Mil in till Statfs. hall lie coii.siili !' 'I 1 (ir mil. .shall 'n' mn hail lie raiiKil m ili II under «a>.i'.iin - lie \ i.silili- III! .1 i!.iil> nslliictt'd as 111 >ii"« tin- cuiiiiiass. .iiiil s" II riu'hl alii'.i'l i" '"" PAt'lKlC COAST I'li.or. G'M (I!) On th.' 8tiirlM)iml si.h., a fim-n li;:lil. ..f.siirl, a .'haiait,.,' a.s to In- xisihl,. on a dark iii'dit uiih a .li-ar atiiios|di.Tf, at a distan.-i' ol' at hsist two niih.s. and so nm.strnctfd a.s to .show a niii I, inn and iiiibrok.-ii li;;lit ovn-aii arrol tlif horizon of irn points ,.| th.' roiii|.a.s.s. and so hxiMlas to iliiow the li^ht I'roin rifiht ahead to two poinis ahat'l the liraiii on ihr .si.iiiioard .side. («') On the port shI.-, a ivd lin;lit. ot Mirh a chaia.'t.'r as lo I.,' \ i.-,il,h. „„ a .lark ni-lil, with a , U'ar alinospli.Ti', at a di.staiic.- of at l.-ast tw.Miiil.'s. an.l MM'i.iisinuii.l as to show a iinihnin aii.l iiiilirokfii li;,'lit over an arc ot' tlif horl/...n of ten points v Kiile III. Kri.!''. V. All steam-vessels, other than oreaii ;;iiiiii.' steam. 'is. ami steam. 'is .arrviii;; sail, shall, when iimler wav. earr.v on th.' starlioanl and port si.l.'s li-lus oi' th.' .same .haia.'ter ami con- siiii.'iinn, and in the same p.isiti.iii as are pr.'xrili. d t.n- siilc li;;his li.\ Kiile lll.exeepi in the ease piiivi.le.l III Itille VI. lil'I.l''. VI. Kiver steamers iiavinatin;; waters tlowiiii; into the (".iiHnt .Mexico, an. I their trili- uiari.'s. shall earr.v the following li;;lils. iiamelv : On., rid li;;lit on th.' onilioar.l side ol ilu' port siiinke Iiipe, and one ;,'recii li;;lil on the onthoanl side nt th.' si.irlioar.l smoke pipe. Such lij^iits sli.ill show lioth forwai.l and ali.'am .in their respecini- .sii|.'>. Kit. K Nil. All coast hi;; steam vessels, aiiil stcam-\ .'ss.'ls uilicr lliaii terry lioals and vess.'ls ollicrwiso expressly provided for, iiavi^'atiiin the lia>s. Likes. i,\,i-.. m uili.r inlaiiil wal.rs ot' the I iilt.'il Slates, except tlmse nientiiin.'.l lii li'iilc \ I. shal'. caii^ lli.' led and ;;ie.'ii lij;ht.s. as pre M'llli.'il lor ocean jioili;;' steaniels; ami. in a.lililloii tlici.'tn, a cciiti.il i.iii;:.' ol' iwn white li;;lils; ilie.illci li^'lit Itcinji carric.l at an eh'\atiiin nl' at l.'.i>l til'ic.'ii t.-.i .iIuim' liic li;;lit at lli.' head .if ill.' \c>sel. The Ilea. I lij;ht shall he so .iinstruci'd as to show a y;o.)il lii;l,i iliioii;:li twciitx points 111 III.' I'.inipass, namely : I'lom i ij;hl alicail to t w.i p. mi is ali.it'l tli.' hcain nii eiili.'r >id.' of th.- vcs- .si'l ; and the after li;;'lit s.i as lo show all around the linii/oii. Tin' liy;lits tor I'.'iiv li.iats shall he ii'unlafc.l hy sii.'li rules as the li.tard of siipt'i\ isinj; iii-.p.'(i.irs ot' .sieam-\ .ss.'ls shall presenile. i'i!.oT.\.ii': (i(ivi''.i;M:ii iiv nil'. i..\\\s .H'' iiii^ immviih ai. simi.s. Si:c. rj;!">. I'litil tiiitlier provision is ma.l.' li.\ ( 'i>iil;h'ss, all pilots m ili.> hays, inl.'ts, rivers, li.iiliiiis, iiii.l p.tlts of th.' I'liite.l Slati's shall .'onliiiiie to \>r i.'iziilatc.l in conrormily with the .'visiiii^Haws of the States i"sp.'etiM'ly wlnr.'ili sii.h pilots iiiav he. or with such l.iwsasth.' Siat.'s may resp.'ctiv.'lv .iia.'l tor the |iiirpii>.'. Si'.c. r_'.i(». The master of aii\ vcss.'l comiii;; into .ir ;;.iiii;; niil nf aii.\ port siiiiale iip.ni waters which are the lionndary lietweeii two States, ina\ eiiipl •> aii\ pilot .liil> lii'.'iise.l or aiilliori/.e.l by till' laws of .'itlier of the Stales lioiin.le.l .m sii.'h waters, tn pilot ilic M'ssd to or I'lom sinli |iiirt. Skc. \SM. No regulations or pnivisi.ms shall li.' a.lopl.d 1>> iiiy S-aic wIihIi shall iiiak.' any .liscrimiiiation in the rate of pil.ita;;.' .n hall pilola^.' lu'tw.'.n vcs.scls sailiii- lictwceii th.' p.ul.s of 0111' State anil ves.sels sailiii- lii'tw.'.'ii the prnts of ililV.i.'iiI Si.it.'s. or aii\ .lisci iminatioii a-ainsi N.'.ssels propelled in wlioh- or in part l.\ sic.im. or a.^.iiiisi nation, il msm'Is ..f tli.' I'nil.'.l States; and all existiii},' reKiiIathms or provisions making; an;, sii.li .lis.rimiiiatioiis are annulled ami aliro;;ateil. ini.OT RI-:OULATIONS Ol'- THK I>ORT OK SAN I'KANCISCO IVIAKK ISLAND. AND BKNICIA KX TKACTS I-ROM THK HOI.ITICAI. COUK OK CAl.irOKN 1 A WITH AMENDIVII'-.NTS TO DA ri'.. AltTlCi.K V. SKCTlii.-i 'Jl.!!l. AiiN p.'ison mil tin' mast.r or ow iht. ami not hol.liii- a .'..minis sun ..r li.'.m.se as a pil.it, wh.) pihits any v.'ss.'l into or .ml of aii> harlnir or |.ort of this State lor whi.h Iherearo.'.inimi.ssioned or licciis.'.l pilots must Im- pniiish.'d Ihcielor as pr.iM.le.l iii the prnal code,seeti.Mi .'tTU, ami must (lay t.. the pilot .'.iiiih'd to |.ihit .s.i.li vessel the am.mnt ..1 I i!.itay:e or towa;,'e eolle.'ted liv him. Sw.2i:!-.'. All vc.s.sel.s. th.'ir tackle, appaivl. and the Inni.luie. ami the ma.ster and .iwners lliireof, are.jointli- ami severally liable for pihUa'..' f.'cs. t.. h.' i.cov.'i.'d ,iian> court ot .oinpet.'iu innsilictioii. I M 'I ' i4- If m^^ ^^^ 'If I 1 II ! i\ y the niasN-r llurcn. ii„i,t oxliiliit his commission as pilot. A rolusal to do so sultjirts liini to a foMfituri' «)!' Jiis .onui ^i,,,, or lironso. • • • S|-.c. •Jli.V Kvory pilot carried to soaajrainst liis will, or uniiicfs.sarily dciaiiu'd on li...ii,| ,,| ,, vessel, when a pilot lioal is in attendance to receive him, is entith-d to receive the sum i i , i^i,, dollars per tlay. wiiile necessarily alisent or delainel ili>' ii,,i>i|.| or o\\ ner ol' the vessel so takin;; him away. Skc. l'1.17. NVlu'U crnisinjrofl'or standin;;out to sea. pilots must p» to a vessel nciiiest t<> >liciiv •ir in the most distress, ninler a penalty of one hundred ilollars. For refnsin}; to p) on Imanl a vi'stiel when reipiired, a like |M'nalty may he nnposed. • • • Alirtci.i'. \'l. .Skc. 1,'4.V.». ICvery pilot in char;;c of .i vessel arrivinji in tlu' port or hi: Imr ni San I''raiicisco must s.ifcly iinMU- the vessel in such [losition as the master ot' the vessel ui' ii,Mlii,| master may direct, lie must prcM'Ht all persons (except olliceis of the State or l'"eilcial ::m\,.iii. menis, owners or ciinsi;;nees ot' the vessel or carp>, ami pcisons admitted on the «'\press oiijiix nf the master), trom Imaidin^ siu'li vessel until she has been safely motueil. To enfurce il,(]irii- vi>uins I if this section, ami other puliee rey;idations for the harbor, everv pdot in char};e ol ,i \ vm[ entering; the iiarbor of !^an I'l.mcisco is authori/.ed and empowered to ai rest «'very one Om. m opposition to the mastt>r*s orders, persists in boardin;; such vessel, or who, liaviuK bo;ii(l..| li.|. rclnses to leave on commami of such master or pilot. When so arr«'st«'d, he must be iiiiiiieili,itcl\ bri: Im|i>, lixf dollars per fimi \ when a piliit IS actuall\ emplo.\ed. When a \t'ssel is spoken, inwaid or outward biiiiinl. .ml \\w ser\ ic«-s of a pilot ale decliin'd, (Uie hab of the above rates must lie pa'd. In ail la-i- «liiic inw.ird bound vessels aic not spoken until inside ot'the bar, the rales of |iiIolaj;e iiiusl be i.iimiil lifty per cent. \ fssels enj;a;,'ed in the whaliiii,' or lishin^j trades shall be exempt from all |m|..! i^, , excejit whei-e a pilot is actnall.v employed. Sr.c. I'MiT. Any vessel in tow of a steam tn;; between the liailtDrof San l',aiicisco ami ini liorts of .Mare Island. Nallejo, or Heiiicia, shall be exempt from all charp's for iiilota,(e, uuU-^s i pilot is actually emiiloyed. Skc. L'4t>.s. All vessels coasting between San I'rancisco and any port in «»ict;oii, > . in Wi-ii iuilUtu or .Viaska Territories, and all \fsselseoastinn between ports of this State, are e\ciii|'' i ■m all diarties lor pilnia^e. unless a pilot is actually einplo.\ed. Si;( . L'Kl'.l. When two nr more jiilots shall olVcr their services to any vessel inwai. I > ■ p; the pilot liist otferiii;:, or one conni'cter «tf San Francisco, aa elsewhere detaih'd. lUTS juiisdu IM"' "^'f TACIKIC COAST I'll.iiT. I'lI.OT ItKUri.ATIoNS l-n|; lllMlii H.D | I!AV. G41 Artid.' VII oltiif I'oliti.'al r,„l,. ;r|v,,s tlic i.iL.t n-i.l;.iions r„: l|ii,Ml,„l,lt Itay and [Jar, ami Ailicli- X th'tilics tlh' duties nt'llic hailior (•Diiiii.issiimcis Im llic pdit ,,i' KiiccNa. PILOT WKOri.ATIi.NS I'OK TlIK I'liKT nl-- Wll.M IMnoN AM) SAN I'KDIIO I!AV. Tli.^ a.T of Maivli 1<», ISS<>, piovi.l.'.s lor tli.-aii|Mmiiiii..|,t „t |,il„t,s f,,, (|,i. ,„„t „f Wdiiiincton iiid San I'l'dro. itri.r.s AM) ur.oft.ATioNs i.r xiir. miM ,,].■ san ii;ancis((j. [AilopliMl lis tlir lMi:inl .il Siiiir l.ailioii ,) issiciii iv on li iiih.r '.'1. \-~i\.] 1. Vi'sscls must not In- aiiclioic.l, nor ii vd. l.ciw,.,.ii a line diawii from tlie outer end of .liieksoii Street wliarf to the luost >oullierl\ point of Veilia liiieiia, or tloat Island, and a linti drawn Iroiii the outer end of .Mission Si reel wharf to llie Iciia .s|||, ,)f tlie Sonlh I'aeitie Coast Uiihoad Company, on the Alameda side of the li,i> ; nor iiiiist ihe\ U<- aiiclmrcd so as to permit Ihem to swin;; lietween said lines. •_'. Vessels innst not Ite anetiored, nor moored, bet ween a line diawn from the iiitersei'tion of the norlli line of Townsend street with the .Msteils line ol liie I'aeilic Mail Sleamship Coiiipaiiv's wharf to the extreme westerly end of the north trainin.u wall of Oakland II arbor, and a line drawn lioin the (inter end of r.erry Street piei to ihe eMiinie wesii rl.\ end lA' the smith traiiiiii"- wall 111 O.ikland Harbor; iiorinnst they lie aiiehored so as to swin^ lieiweeii ihesaid lines, nor within iijilit liundred feet ol'liie Hay wliait. ;t. Vessels niiist not lie am-hored, nor iiiooreil. between a line drawn Iroiii the soiitiieasterly end of the f^rain sheds on the sea wall to the hiulie>t point of Anuil ULmd. visible liom the said southeasterly end of the said j:raiii sheds, und a line diauii fioin I lie iiorihwoterly end ol the said ;;raiii sheds to the li;;lit on .Meatra/ Island: iioi iiiiisl they be anchored so as to permit them to swiiii: between the said lines. I. Vess(ds ninst not be aneliored, nor moored, within live hiindied yards of a line drawn t'rom llie extreme northerly end of the sea wall, soiitherl.v tliroimh the e\liiiiie oiner ends of the piers, to the interseiitioii of the easteily line of 'riiird street u illi the iioitlni ly line ot' Cham A street. ;"i. N'essels proptdled by steam, except when yoiii;,; to or lea\iii;; the sea wall, must not run inside ot a line six liiindred feel distant fiom and parallel w itii ihe said sea wall. ei I lis sh.ill be assi„'iicd iii the order of the application, pro- I. ided that vessids read.N to discdiai^'c carun shall have preference o\ cr those ready to reeei\e carpo. No one except the chief or assistant chief w liai linucr has aiillicu ity to assiuii berths to vessels. When a vacant berth is assiiiiied to a vessel, said as-.i;.'iiiiiciii will hold .uood for twenty four lioiiis, but for a berth not vacant said assi'.'iimeiit will hold i,'ooil tweiitv font lioiiis after it beeoincs \ .icaiit. 7. Vi ssels lunst IianI or no into the stream at their own expeii.se w hen oidereil to do so by the chief or assistant ehief whartlnj^er. Cpon failure to olii\ such oidcr (he iliii'f or assistant chief « liai liiiu'er shall have power to cause ^\u'\> rciiiov al at the e\pcii-.c of -iii'li \ csmI or \ cssels. S. Vessels when beinj; moved into a slip or alouj:sidc the what f iiiiisi ap|Uoach •• head ou."aud uheii at a wharf must lie head toward the shore. The sindiliim sail booms and sprit sail yard.s must be ri}r;;ed in ; their olV shore anchois snsneiided lead.v for droppiii;: ; their lower and top sail ,\ aids braced <• sharp np" on their iiislion- bi, ices, except when in actual use discharuiiiu or loadiiijj car^o; and, when rcpiired by the wharliii-ers. their movabl.' foreand alt spais and marlin.ii'alo must be ri}j;;ed in. !t. .\ vessel ain'hored or moored in Ihe harbor. lU' l.\ iiiu in a sliii or dock, luusl at all limes have on board at least one seaman capable of takinu: l>r"pt r care of such vessel. It' it become necessary a vessel may be removed by order of the chief whailin-er at the cvpense of the owner, and the owner and the vessel shall be liabl.' for all daiiia-v thai «' used to incvciit any part of such .su))stam-t' I'nim t'allin},' into Hit- dock. 11. File must not Iw used on board olanv m'sscI at the wharves or in tlie slips tor healin; |,ii,|| tar, or other inllammahle sultstanees, 'nt may he nsi'd on Ihtatiuf: start's or boats lor tlir |" .|„,^,. t)f heatiii;; sueh suhstam-es tor repairing ve.sseis: pmriilnl, sneh tire is eonslantl.v in tlir c I, ,. ,,, a person eapable of lakiiifr proper eare of the same. IL'. Kverv steam eiijiine, wlu'U used upon any wliarf for loading' or nnloadiu},' ear;;o, mu upon ilssmoke st;'ek a l)onnet orspark-ealeher that will en'eetuall.v |iii'venl sitarkslVoni UiWu sueh wiiarf or upon the tleek of any vessel. i:!. Not more than one liuihlred piles or pieces oft imh.rsli.i II bedis.liar;.'ed oi' ;i||.i\\,.il iim< iii.iin in any slip or do<>k at any time; nor .-liall any piles or timber be hll in any dock or sli|M,v, i m^i,, without llic permissidu of the wharlin^er. 11. No substance that \ull sink or form an obsirnelion to navi<;alion slia'.l bedcposji,.,! ■„ ,|„. waters or on (lie shore of the harbor wilhoni lirst oldainin;; i>ermissii(ii in v. rilinj,' Irom tlic im;!,,,, commissioners. l.">. Iiubbish or other substance on which no \vharl'a alonjr the water iVoiit, shall he obstructed by any material or sti iictiire. If any such ohsii m luin be not removed « ilhin t weiity four hours after notice, the material or strnctun iistiliUin- ihr obstrnctiiMi shall be removed and .stiued, or sohl liy the eotiiniissioncrs, and twenty li\e iln'l.ns will be enar},'ed for eat-h day that the obstrnction is permitted to remain, to;;eihcr with Ihei \|m hm of remo.al, stoia^e. or sale. IT. No person shall have autliori'y to eullect docka;;i', wharfage, tolls, -a' rents, unless in slim i/ed by the board of Slate liai bur eonimissioiieis. e\i-ept oil w liai \e.s '..eul under lease, pi ii si; nil in ai'tsofthe I j:islatiire. Lessees ol' w liarves aulhoii/ed In collect diicka;;!', w Inirl'n^c. oi loIK imisi clnir^'e and collect the same rates ;is those lixeil b\ the board tin the \\lnir\es not ninli i h i-i , 1 ". If any vessel lea\ e a w harf. slip, dock, oi' busin, unless lurced to do so b\ stress ol ui .nliii, without fust pa\ iiiu' the doi'kau'e due. such vessel will be phieed npoii the dclini|Ueiit list ami inii^l not be |icrniilled to Use any wharf, slip, d . k. or basin witlnnit liist pa\ inj,' ilouble the bill hm inni and tell dollars in additimi thereto, excepi liy permissicni of the eoinmissicuicis. 1!(. The master. aLrelil, or owner i>f a vessel lelilsili;; «il lle;:leetili;,' to obey the oi del s ,,| lie chief or assistant chief whartin;i<'r in any matter pertainin;; to the rcynlalioii of the ImiIki ni ir mov;il or statioiiiii;; ot such vessel, is ;;uilly of a misdemeaiior. and liable to a line noi exifiin.. three hniidred dollars 4ir iin|irisiMinieiit not exi'cediny: one hundred days. L'O. In ease any dama;;e is done to a wharf, shed, oi- other strnctnr<> on the walci Inini ii\ .i Vessel ttv otherwise, the said damai.M>, to^'cther with the ml' e of the vessel or peismi c;iii^ n- it. must in' icported forthwith li\ the wliailili;:er to tlie «-|iief en;jineer, and the expense of the irp.iio of said daiua^je .shall be a chart;e aj;aiiist such vessel oi iiidi\ i d(M'kaj.'e. •_'■_'. No deductions will be made for Sundays, holidavs. or raiiiy da.vs. 'J.'k .\ vessel arrivinj: from leased premises will be eliar^^ed at the same rate ami in tin nn inaiiiier as if ari iv in;.' fioin the stream. 21. Ifa vessel iMMiipics two dillerent berths on the sameda.v she will becliar;;ed docl..:i-e Im hii! one day, which must be paid at the whaif lirsi occupied. 'J't. \essels mav be assi^'iied belt lis to repair- at ipiai ter dockay:e I ates ; but to entith' aiiv x.-.mI to the beiielit id this iille, her ownei. coiisi^tnec. t Ic the lull III' il y tlif orili'i ^ >'\ till' if the liarliiii m ic tint' not cxri iiliii;; lie watci t'liiiil li.\ a r |i('isoii imii^iil: It, iclisc of tlir ii p.ni> (llllt'S « Itlllll .1 i|"l'k, I'Dlistillllr^ I il i>'> itf anil ill till- -mil ■;t'll ilorka^fl.il hut loi'lltitlc aii\ \'^-ri II' cllU't' wliai i'!i;ri, II MO t'lisc iiiii~; liii' iniisl. ill i'\ii.\ 111 S |lia\ 111' s|irri.-lii ill roll wllirll llirl ' '. Ill TACIKR' COAST l'!l,oT. miTIKS ol' Till', CIIIKI' WlIAItKlMil.; G43 1. Tim cliipf wliiirdiip'r must .station, hcrtli, ami ii';;iilati' t il harbor, and caiiso tlicin to iciiiovr. I'lom tiim' to timi' ami tiuin pj iivi'iiicni'i', safety, am! jjooil onlcr mav icoiiiii'. II' iKisitioii ot vessels in the doeks [ilaee to jilaee. as the ^'eiienil lie shall i'e<|iiire all s|ii|i niasters, ci re;.'iilations of the board. ,'{. lie shall re(|iiire the docKs, si '"■■''^' -• l'il'il>, ami masters of low-boats toeonform to oard, to be Kent free of all obstnielioiis ; ami wli i|is. wharfs, pirrs ami other premises iiiider tl le.jiirisilii'tion of I he same, lie must forthwith repml the fart to the linaul, ami en parties tail to nhev his onler t o remove ixeeiile its oiileriii relation thereto. KXTRAcrs I'KiiM nil', ciuir.s and srArrrr.; If liny nmster, auenl, or owner of any water erall shall ■rs or dire(!tions of the chief warliii^ei in anv i Imr, or the removal or slatioiiiiiL;- of ai leetiii^; is guilty of u iiiisdemeaiior, ami. npmi ei>n\ ietinu t| lelilseor lic.i,'lei'f to obe' the lawful natter pertaiiiiii;; to the iv-iihil inns of said liar- ly water I'l.ill, siirh iiiastei. affeiif. ur owner so lefiisiii"- or II isdietion, sliiill be punished by a line not to exeeed t leieiii liejiiie aii.\ court of ciiinpetent lice hiimlreil duliars. nr liy iiiiprisoiimeiit iii.itoexeeed one hundred days in the jail of the city and county of San Francisco.— ^I'oliticiil ( .iiie. secliiin L'.-)tl), .Ml pei.soiis are forbidden to deiiosii. or ciiise to be depiiMtid. in the waters of the hai'lior of Sill I'raneiseo, as described in the piccediiiL; sccHon-,, any -nli-iance that will sink and lorm a.i i.b- siiiictionto iiaviiiation, without lirst nliiainiii;,' the permi.ssion, in uriliiij;-, of the board of Mtato h.iibor eomiiiissioiiers, which permission shall deserilie, with an onbiiary de^'recof cerlaiiity. tho place where such dt'iiosit may be made; and the secret u> of the Imaid >liall leconl such permis- sion. .Viiy |ierso!i violaiiii;; the prohiliition contained in iliis section is -iiiily of a misdemeanor, and. npiui convielion thereof before a cmiit ol conipcteiil jiii isdieiinii. shall lie tincd not less than hundred nor more than live liiimlred dollais, or iiii{ii isoiied in ilir iail el' ilie cil.\ and county el San l''raiieiseo not less than thirty nor iimie than iiinet\ ila\^; /'/e// el' I \mtiI\ -runr cJI > Imiirs. nr ;iii\ |iart llnTi'iit'. ") I. For all neoaii ve.ssols, .steaii 1 or sail, anil all sail xe-si Is. iiavi-atinu: the I'.ay of San Fran- cisco, and the rivers and other waters tlouiii;; into it.nllwii iiiiinlieil net registered tons or iiiider, tun cents per lijii; lor all such vessels of o\ei luo liiindied iici leulsiered tons, four dollars for tho liisi two hundred tons, and three fourths ol a ceiil lor each addition, il ion, 2. For steam boats naviuatiiiu the I'.ay of San I'laiiciseo and the waters llowinj; into it, and used for carry in;; freiehi or passeii;;ers, of two hniidied Ions or iiinlei. ;:rii~s hull iiieasiireinent, I Ml c( iits per ton on such mcasiirement. Ini' such Imits of over t«o hniidred tons, ^^oss hull mens- meiit. four dollars for the tirst two hundred tons of such nicasiiiciiieiit. and tlireefoiirths of a relit lor each ailditional ton. •{. For bar'^es of two hundred Ions lU' iinili r, two cents per ion ; for barjzes over two hundred Inns, four dollars for tirst two liiimlreil tons, and three fourths of a cent for each additiiuial ton. haijiinu ballast, or lyiii.i:- idle, or occiipyiiiK I. \'ess»'ls wliiU^ taking in earjio. or reeeiv in:; or disch 'iitside liertlis, or niooriMl in docks, slips, basins, or canals, aw siiliiei i-e: I'nuiiltiL That vessels not used lor caiiyiiii;- IVci.Ljhl or passeiij;er> t only to half rates of dock- shall not be entitled to half rates. When the jxt dieni doekaee of a vessel, as above pre ylAKANTIXK LAWS lui; ini; IIAIMIOK Ol' SAN rKAX< 1S( u, i — i. lull III \l I'liliK. Skction ;!(M»|. Tlio i|iiitriintiii<< uroniiils of tin- li;i\ iiml Imilinr of San I'lamisto air ,ii d,,. aiit'liiiiaut' iif Saiii't'liti), Sr.c. ;{(»l;!. Sliipniastcrs lirinj.'jii': vessels intn tin- liaii.or of San !■ raiuMMo. aii|i|ins. or slii|» Icmt niiisl ri'|iuil llif saiiic, in willing', lo llir i| i u.in tiin- olliccr lifiuir lainlin;: aii> |ia.- lie lainieil, anv Irei^'iil, passi'ii;:ei's, or other |Misni>. ii sneii vessels until lie lias repoiteil to the <|iiaiaii> iiie ollieer, presented liis liiil of heallh. .unl i,. eeiveil a perinil from that otheer to laml frei;;lit, passen;.'eis, or other persons. Si:('. .!(l|."i. ICverv pilot who eoinlnelH into the port of San I'raiieiseo any vessel sni, it in ipiarantine, or examination liy tlie ipiaianline ollieer, iiiiisl — I'irst. IJriny: the vessel no iieanT tlie ei y than is alloweil liy law; Seeoiiil. I'leveiil any person t'roin leaviii;; and any eoimniiiiiealion lieiii;; niaile with iIicvinmI iintler liis ehai';.'e until the ipi iranline ollieer has Imanled her and ;:iven the necessary onliis .imi direct ions; Third, r.e vi^iilant in preveiitiii;: any viidation of the (piarantine laws; and repoii uiilinni ijr lay all such violal ions tli.it come to his know led ltc to the i|ii.iianl ine ollieer ; l''onitli. rreseiil the misler of the Vessel \Mlli a piinled copy of the ipiaiaiitine law-. llIlll■>^ he has one : I'llth. If the vessel is snlijcet to tpiaraiitine, liy leason of infection, place at the inasl lir.nl .1 siniill yellow tia;:. Hr.c. ,!(lUi. |-'.veiy master of a vessel subject to ipiarantine or visitation by the ipiu uiiiiii' ollieer. arriv in;; at the poi t of .San I'lancisco, « ho refuses or iie;:leci >, eiiher — |-ii-t. To proceed with and anchor his vessel at llie place assi;;ned lor ipiaraiilnir lilmi le;;ally directed so to do; or Second. To snl'iiiil his vessel, c;ii;;o. and passeii;;eis to the ipiarantine ollieer, ai d Im iii^li ill iieeessary inloriiiation, to eiialile that ollieer to ileleiiinnc what ipiaiaaline or oilier ie:;iil.iiiiiii-i they oll;;lll respectively to lie ,s||li|ecl ; or Third. To report all c.ises o|' disease and ol deaths oeciirrin^: on his vessel, and In i.iii|,l\ with all the sanitary regulations of the liay ami haibor; — is liable III the sum of live hundred dollars for evfiy such ne;;lect or lel'nsal. .Si;c. .lOl 7. All vessels ariiv in;: otV the port of San I'lanciseo from pot is w hich have been j. _ i\\\ deilaied infected ports, and all vessels aiiiviii;; from pmls v\ licit' there is prev ailiii;; .il iln- time of their depart lire any coiitay;ioiis, inlect ions, or pest ilmiial diseases, or vessels vmiIi ih .'.ivihl' earpies. or " hich have iiniisiially bnil or olVensive holds, aie siiliiecl to ipiarantiiie, and iiiii-l I'l. by the master, owner, pilot or eonsi;;iiee, reported to t he ipiai ant ollieer w it Inmt dilu . N" such v.-ssel iniisl cross a ii^-ht line drawn fiom .Mei-;,'s's whail to Ahatra/. Island iiiiiil tin .|ii.ii aiitiiie ollieer has boarded her and ;;iven the order reipiiied b,v law. Sk.c. .{(IIS. The .|iiaiaiitine oHicer must board every vessel siibjcet to ipiarantine or v i-il.ili.'i by him iminedialely on herarrival, make such examinalion and inspection of vessel, bonks, p.ip.i^. or c.irt:", or of the persons on boarti, under oath, as he may pnlKe expedien!, and di;in:i;i' whether the vessel should be ordered to ipiarantine ; and, if so, the period of ipiarantine. Sr.c. .iOlH. No captain or •itlier ollieer in coiiimaiid of anv passen;;er carry in;: vessel ol hhp than one hundred and lifty Ions biiideii, nor of any ves.sels ol iiiore than one humlied ainl m tons burden hiving pa.sseii;,'eis on board, nor any owner, coiisiy , ay:ent. or other person Imm:. chaiK't* of such vessel or ves.sels, must, under a penalty of not less than r IICISCM ill'' i! llir .(•11, ami II ,is|,.rs, r:\sfs I.I A-i,iiic i;;. Ill llii' 1(1. II, III. U lial I. Ill .1^ .mill t' till' (ll.M- IM V nil IT a rf;.'i-

  • , nor inmi- ilnni illicr pi'iMiii^ hoiii III' lirall li, .iiiij ir I'ACIIIC (iiAM I'll. Ill' G45 li; land siit'li passoii^rcr, .'xccpt in .siidi ,■; licnnit liftiin».s(M'iii;; the Itill ol' health. Ski'. .tOLM*. 'I'hi' lollowiii;; fees iiiav li land I'n'ijjhl or passcn^rcrs, ur linth, t .■*fs as till. i|iiai.iiiniii' I'lMci'i ili'i'iii.s it .safe t ciilli'i'tcii liy till' i{iiiiiaiit til iiii'ollii'i'i : i iiiiiii aii,\ port mil of llii.>^ Stale, two dnilais and lit lOIII ail\ .S.llllll;; M'SScl lllll'ss I| <| Rive till 'II ^d\iii;j a pcniiit id toii.s liiinh-ii, (ivf diillai's : r.icli adiiit ii I.V ri'lil-. ; ii\|.| li ,,. I ildilioiial two dollars and lilt.v rents. I'',,; sii iial mil' thiiiis.iinl i.in livi'lii'inlreil tons liiiidi'i "iii'lieii and iimlei' one llioii. i'iii> 1 iiiiilen. 111- liai'iioM tliereiil', ,l one Ihoii.saiid Ions liiirden or less, live ilojlai.s. ami two i| nil \e-se|s, |,|i,|i,.||,.|| 1,1 tlioiisand Ions liiir-leii, or rraeiioi ill. "liiije or ill ),;ii| |,y Steam, I then lull ■•eU IH'l steam, sailin;; to and Ironi any pmi or poii> of the I'l.'iii,- .Siai, tories, and wlialiii}; vessels cntenn;; the harlini or Sm I'l.n ol' lliis .section. Skc. .1(121. 'I'lie hoard of health may eiilon sliip.s, or coining IVoiii inleeted ports. ir> .mil iiii\ nuts I,, I eai'h aililitiiiiial iiiiji' Hill IN whole or in pari hy if Hie I'lMl I'll .Stales, or Terr H-lseo, .lie iMrliliil iMiiii 1 I 'lie prii\ isioii.s '■ '■'"iii"il-i.iy v,iei'iii,iti 11 p,isM.|iM,.i.s in intucted lasiii.i ii'.s III- iiiiAiiii .11 h'isiilrtil. Tlial all vessels aniviii.; iroiii China I thai all pa.s.seiit;ers he miiNteied on ihrU in the piesence nfil I he iei|iiiiiil to eoine to aiielior ill the hav, and to a personul e.xainiiiatioii li\ him lielnie hein- peiiniiiiil in himl. , r,isM.il .\l le '|ii 11. inline ollieer, and he suhjeeted i\ I'd, IsT.'l.) aile with the M'VM-I •eessary onli i-. .iml I rejioi'l \\ itlii'iii ill' ranline lau ^. llllil■>^ at the masi III .III .1 liy the ijiMi iiilaii' II ipiaranliiie uIhh lieer, ai d I'm hisli all ir oilier reuulilinii'^ s.sel, and til r.iii)|il> ieh havelieeii |i'-.ill> Is prevailiii;; .it 'In- essel.s with 'h i'.ivihl' inline, and in'i-i '"■ r « itliiiut ih 1 ! '^ shind iiniil 111' •!"''> irantine or \ i^t.iti.n * essel, hooks. |i.i|iir^ lent, and deii iniiin' ipiarantiiii'. r\ inj; vessel nl iihH' ine hiinilied .mil lit'* r other person Immv: Imndred doll.ii-. i"'i Irom a ves-i I. inini 'I'liiit I'ltiin 111. 'I ' lliiir TlIK 1)1 TV 111'- illl'-. 1'(i1M-\V.\1;1)I;NS iif .SAN li;\M|.si ,, \mi ,,iiii;|; I'iiKT.S 111.- ( AI.II.'OI.'MA. I'll! 1 I li M 1 ii|i|. Ill I Mil ..KMA. ARTICLK VIII. Sl'.cridN -'."idl. Ihei e ,ire liiiir p'lii waiileiis I'll th,. poi'i and harlior of Si l''raiii'iseo, and one lor each and e\ery nlher purl oi eiiii\ uiilnn ihi^ Shiii Skc. 2."iO,'{. The port wardens, when iei|iiiieil li\ aii,\ peisun inieii^ieil in either ves.sel III or cariid. iiisl survey any vessel ariiMiiL; in ilisiress, m uhieh has Mist.niinl ihiiiiau Mirvt'y in whole or in pail Ihe eai;;ii Iheienl, .nnl must siirvei the halih all vessels laden with ueiieial or assnrteil meiehainlise lieliiii-iii;^ i e or iMjiiiA at .sea, and es. stoiaf-e, and cargo ol' r eiillsi;;lii'i| to v; partie: The daniaec .sustained at sea appeii,iii]> in s.iiN, ii;:mn';. .-pais, hull, and caij^o, whelh eanseil hy stress ol' weather, sti .inilliiu. i nlllsinii, or hy olhei aiinlelil. Section l:,"»ll preserihes a peiialls nl' imt less than li\e liiiinlreil ilnllais noi imiiethano llioiisaiid upon any other person u ho pei Inriiis aii\ nl t he iliiiii.-. ol pnrl-wanleii. In marine si ir- veys the port wardens are, howexer, aiilhnii/.eil to ieiii;;ni/e ainl eo n|iiiate with .siieli parties as may he desi;;naled hy the re|iieseiilati\cs ot loieij^n jjoveinmeiils, iiinlei writers, and owners or cuiKsifiiiii'S oi ves.sel.s, I'NITDK SI'AI'llS SltiriMMi ( i iM M l-SH iM.i; At' .s\N I i; AMI.si'd. The {Ji''""''"' lui.siness III' the ...-hippiNL; eiiiiiiiiissiniier is to allniil rariliiies I'nr enua-iin;; sea- men, Ity keeping; a rey;is|er of their n, lines and eh.iiaeiiis; in >iipi rinieml their en^auemeiil .iiid (li.scliai'Kc; to provide means lor .^eeniinu tin ii piesenie nii hnanl, ami In I'aiilitale the making' of apprentices to the sea sei\ lee, lie shall hear ,1111 1 ileii'h aii> i|iie>iinii liel" leii ,1 mastei . owner, he hiliilillu nil hoi h parties. isignee, and aiiv of Ihe crew , ami an\ auanl sn mail e li\ llllll sll.ll SYNOPSIS OK THK SHIHI'ING ACT KNOWN AS " THK Ml Ndll-Y ACT. ' Al'IM.YING TO VESSELS OK THK UNITKU STATKS. AppiovL-.l June jd, i8«4. Aiiiuiulii.intr. in Jiiiu- z\. 1886. Skction 1. Iteliexes vessels, iiniler eel lain I'liiiililiiiiis, I'liiiii the pen.il tniiiiaue ta\ herelot'ore le\ied lor the einploynieiil of alien otlieeis iimler the Lirade nl' maslei. •am. Ill w Illl has coiniileted lii.s nn iileil in this act. riiii'iL:n |Miil. on the ;;i(Hinil that the rvice of ii'iT ran ili^'/liarue a m Ski'. 2. I'pon application, a eonsiihu nl1 shipping; a;,'re«'inent, hiil iioe\lra \\,i;:es are m lie p.iid, e\'^i pi a> Skc. .'{. rpon applicatiiili of ;l se.iinall Ini iIim harue al voyafie had been iinneeessai il\ priiliiii,i,'ei|. or that he h.is received aii.\ iiiinix 111 the se ilie ve.s.sel, he .shall receive one nionth's extra wa^es if sn il -chari;eil. Skc. 4. A «eaiuan can procure his ili- rliaii;e 111 ,1 fniii;;ii pull ami iii'i inniit li's extra wa;;es, il the inspectors report that the vessel was .sent to s«'a luisi design. iil.ihh piiivideil, thiiiiit:h nei^lei't or .i ■ , ■ ■ ! !■'« !' in 1 ":'f I: .'11.. Hut ^,;iv;}|-t-||l G46 I'Aciiic ( M.\sr ni.iii Skc. Ti. If a VOH80I is sold in a foifijjii |m)ii. tin- m-hiiu'ii iiii' «'iitilltMl Id niir nmniir ,^1,.,, wiijrt's, iinh'SH otlier oinplnynii-ni is jjivi-ii tlit>iii us pntviilotl. SKr. (!. If till' ilcsiTtioii of a si'uiiian in ciuisi'il h\ cnn'l tri>atiii«'iit, lio sliali In- liis. hu., ,| in fill' loiisiilar ortifiT, anil H'im'Ivi' oni' inoiitli's i-xtra wa^i's. Sr.r. !». Ail vossrls in fori-iK" IhhIs, anil hoiunl to a Imnii' poil, an- n iiiiiitil to ti;iii>| , ; ,|,, titnti> sfaniiMi on I'ortain ti-iins. Ski. m. as anu-nili'il. I'mliibits llii" payiiiiMii of atlvanrril \va;;is to a .-1 ;Mnaii lu liu ,i\ n,,. tlu' iKirt at wliii'li 111' is i'n};a;:i'il: /V(ii((/r«/, Tlial it shall liclawliil tor aii\ siainaii lo vii|.(i; ,1. m his sliipitMi}; ajfri-i'iiu'iit for an allotiiii'iil of all or any poition of ilic wa^'i's w Inrji jir iii;i\ , ,,|, |„ Ills w iff, iniitlicr, or otlii'i' I't-lativi', or to an orif^inal rri'ililoi, in liipinlalion of any iii>l iliiii |,,| lioanl or I'lotliin^, wliirli In' iiia\ liavi- I'ontr.irti'd prior In i'n;;a;,'('iiMMit, not cM'i'filin;; tin .liiihu. prr niontli for carli inontli of tli<' iinii' nsnally rripiiri'il for tin* \o,\a;:i' foi' wliirli tlir mmiimh Ii,i> sliippi-il. iimU'r siU'li rr;:nlalion as the Si-rri'tar\ of tin- 'rrrasiUN iimn pirM-riln-; Init n>> alli'inn ni to any person or corporation shall lie lawful. And any inastrr, owner, ronsijiin'i', or a;;ciii ui .im for(>i}:n vcss< I who has violaird this strtion : hall Itr lialilf to the sainr pcnall.v thai tin- mkoi. 1, o\\ nrr, or a^cnt ol a vvssid of I hi' I niti'd Stall's would lir for a similar violation. Si:i\ 11. I''\»'ry vi'ssi'lis to l>i' pio\ idnl w iili a ship rhrst. npiilainiiii.' a snil.ilih' roiii|.|. n,, ui of rlothin;;, I'tr., to lu' sold to thi' scaini'ii al a stipulated aihanee on rosl. This seel inn d'M^ niii apply to vis.sels plvin;; lietween the riiiled Slates and Me\iro, Ceiilral Aineriea, and xiun ,,i|i,i coiintiieson the .Mianlie sealioaid, nor to lisliiiii: or whaliii;^ vev.M'Is. Hki'. r_'. Aliolishes eonsiilar fees for sei\ iees to ves.sels and seamen. Ski'. 1;!. Proviili's thai a master shall reipiire a written siati'iiieiit from the eonsiilar uHm ii di all otileial servii-es reiuU'red l>y him, and furnish it to the colleetor of the dislriet al wlileh hr -hall lirst arrive. 8E('. 14. Aliolishes the old toiinap' tax of thirty eents a ton and imposes the tax at Hm' i,i;i of three ami six eents, as spei'ilied, the total not to exeeed fifteen and thirty eents pel .niiiiiin. iimli'i certain eondjtioiis and slipiilations. Ski'. 1."». Aliolishes the nianiie hospital lax on .seamen. Hkc. t>^. Limits the individnal lialnlity of a shipowner to the pro|iiirtion of any or all IliIhIiihn that his individual share hears to the whole, and the a;;^re^ate lialiiiities of all the owiui-ni ,1 vessel on aeeoiint i! the same shall not exeeeil the value ot sueh \issel and frii;;ht pi inlin.;. Amrniliil to apjily to all .sea jjoiii); vessels, and also to all vessels used on lakes, rivers, v. \\\\m<\ iiavi;;ation, ineliidin;; canal boats, liar;:es, and li;:hteis. Ski', lit. I'liihiliits the pavmeiil of additional fees when a seainan is reen;;a^ed or rc^liii'|Mi| on a Vessel inakiii;; refjiilar trips lietween the I'liiled Siales and foiei;;n countries. Il als" .i;iii«> the eiij;aneinent ol a seaman for a vessel in the forei;;n trade for one or more round trips ni iii .1 ilefiiiiti jicrioil, whatever the destination of the vessel. Ski'. "Ji*. I'einiits the si.nil.ir enf;a;;enient of a seaman in a forei;,Mi port upon a ves^i'l \u tin' loreiKii trade, ami waives the reipiireinent oi reshipiiient of sinh .seaman in a port of iIh I : iini States, and al.so waives the n iinireiiicnt to return him to the I'liiled Slates. Ski'. LM. IVrinits the liailint; port of a ves.sci to lie either the port where she is dociiniini. >!. "i the place where she is built, or wheic one or more ot the owners resule.s. Ii ' ? 1 :f AMKNDMKMM iH" .H\K '.'I. 1— ti SKf. 1. On and aftor July 1, IH^iil, no fee.i shall be cliar^;ed or collceted by collectors loi the IoIm .■ .services to ve.s.sds of the rnite.l States, to wit : .Measurement of tonna^:.' and ceinl.Mii;: He 1 ■ i.ssnin« of lieeii.se or Kii'i'tiu).' "f cerlilicate of re^'istry, n rd, 01 cniolliiicnt, including' all iimIhi.v. nicnts on the same, and bond and oah ; in.lorscinent of .halite of master; certifying and iv, r ^ ,11- manifest, master's oath, and permit; j;iantinK permit to v.'ssels licensed for the lish.ncs i^ i' li and trade; ;;rantin^' certilicale of pay nl of tonnaK'e dues; lecudiiiK' bill of .sale, 1 ■■.'.•■ hypothecati or eonveyance, or the discliaiKe of such morlua-e or hypotlieeation ; liirin ..:ii^ eeitilicate of title; furnishing the crew li.sl, including 1'<>I"I : cci lili.'ate of i-roleetion to >, .ni.Hi; billof health; shipping' ordischaiKiuK of .seamen, as provided by Tiile ."..{of the Uevised Si., ''- and .section 2 of this act ; apprentiein« boys to the nicrehant service; inspecting, cxaniiniii.. n'i licensing steam vesstls, ineludiiiK iuspeclion certilieate and coiiici ihereof; and liceiisint' «'l i" i^"i. engineer, pilot, or mate of a ve.s.scl. H' iiiiiiiiir v^tr,, »' ilisili.ii ., ,| In II lit l.ilr ,, ,n iiij, 111 lo .-ii|"i: ill III I 111' IIM\ t 1,1, I,, ll.V Hl-I l.| Ihi •illli;; I. 11 clullat- till' M.llll.ll; ||,|, I'llt l|..,|l|,,|!,|,.||, • T a;:i'iii oi .iiu lllilt till' !ll.|>tl I, lllll' <-li||i|iiiiM .iiliii IIIISIIJ.II illlii rl III' al Wllil'll hr >||;||| H- la\ al II. !• i.iic rt'iil.s pel aiiiiiuii. |i\ or all liaiiiliiii's 1 llh' (IWIU'lN Ol .1 lii'i;;lit jM ii.|iii;j. . llVcr>. . ; i'il.ilni l;^i-il 1)1- n-lii|i|ic il •>. Il .iKi> ,ill.m> mil li'lp-- III i.^i-l I'l Ilic lilt III' lill' I i lllll is lllll'llllll'lll. i|. "! iilli'cliirs (ir iiihi r till lill' I'lillii" iij rtil'\ lii^' till' >.ii;ti : iiiiiiit: all iiiiliiiM' iii>; anil irnn iiii; lislii'i i»'> III i iii !i r sail', iiitii I. .1^1 . iitioii ; riirni^liiii!: l-tioil to sr.l i.'li; lii'visi'ij St, I iiv ;, cxaiiiiiiiii-. i! 'i •oiisiiigiil 111 i-i'i- I'Aciric COAST I'li.ur. fit? SEf. 2 H nppit)- .•oin.nissi.m.M's max sliip ;um1 .lisrl,;,,^.. ,,i'W. for ;,„v v.-ssi'l ,.|r.a.M..I in llu, .iiastvv.se tra.h.,or H... Ira.l.. U-Uu;-u tl,,. Iinli'ii Si,u... ai i.. l.iinni;,..,, .iirai,:.!: ,.r V-w timnil laii.l, or tl..' U rst Imli.-s. or tl,.. i!..p,.l,l,.. .,r M..sh'ii. at ||„. „.,,i„.., m' H,., ,|,aM.., or uwiii',' '" ■"""■'' y;;iT';.";" ' :"''.""7 ".'"' '''-''^"ni''^' "•••■■^ i-i '"^"..h ras..,. „. u.. uurUM n,,,.,. p,vs,.,ii,...i i,,. si'i'tioii Killi ol tin- l{t'\isf(l MaliiliN. Sl.-..'.r,. l'.'i.VMl..s that npi.iM'V.'iy 111,.' 'nli"K.'ssHnrilM.ri„h..|Siali.s.,li..,iiMi,l,..Ml..,„.tii,i, IMT iM-t t.mi.aj,'.. shall h.. .h'l'ply rarv..!, .„■ oIIilmm,,. p,,i ,.,„||, ,„ „|,,,| „„ |„.,, ,„„„ ,,,,^,,,_ ,^^^;^ shalllH.soc.Mitiiiu.'i- il,„-iiiii,.|ii,i|, ami nm .., ii,ii,|||.|| m Ii,-,.||s,.,|. S|.;c. H. l\miiiu v.'ssi.ls ai.' lial.lr to a lini' of two ,i„llais i„r,,„.|, pas,,.|i-,.|- i',ansp.,ii..,| (iimi. a port ill tlio I'liiti'd States to aii,\ oilier p,iii in tli,' rnihij Stall■^. SUBIVIARINE TELEGRAPH CAHI.KS IN SAN IKANCISCO HAY AND KAHQUINKZ STRAIT- pi:nai.tii:s i-oi; damagks Tlietei'miniiiiMlriiiitcsorih.'ililli'i.Mii siiliiiiaiiiir i,l.-iap|i ,alil,s m ili,' i;a\ nl S.m I'raiii'isn) halih' to 1m' distmlx',! Iiy \cssc|s' ainlioi^ a-v jinlicalnl as l,illii\\>: W'tKtiin Ciiiiii I'l lill 1(1 jili <'r«//(y)<(»i/ — IwiiealilolViiiii Mark,'! Siii,.| wharl In ihr Ion- wiiarl or pn-r on f hf Oaklaml siilc, an- laiil as n.ailv a- pia-'lnalilr in iliimi,- ilioiisaiiil InM ui.l,- passa;;(i- ua.v n'st'i'Vftl li.v law lor the pintcli.in ol iJn' |,.|i\ l„,ai>. 'IIh' irnniiii air iiniicaiiil li.v lar';i! siy:ns: "Teli'fjiapii Calile Ciossin^." AiiotluT calili' has lu'eii laiil rrmn tl,,- (iovi'miinnl uliaif, nrai I'm! I'miil, ami inns north- warill.v live thoiisaiMl feet, tlieiiee Ihwesi uaiill\ In ili,. I'lnliaiiUiiiiiii in lliii.-r Sinn' l!ay, joiiiiii<;- the Needles to the main land. 'I'Iu'sc lerinini are iinliealeil 1>\ noli, is. Another ealde lias lieeii lanl in ihe Kai,|iiiiii'/ Sliail rnnii llir pier ol ilir Soiiihern Paeilic Kail- road Coinpaiiy on the iiorlh side ol iln- >iri'i'l ai l'.eiii<'ia. aiin^s llu- >i rail lo a small ravine or cove on the south or roiitra Costa shoie. r>iiili teiiiiiiii are imiiraicl hy lar^e sij;ns: "'rele;:i'aiili Caiile »!iosseN here." SuuHit 'Teh i>liiin( 'till ijiitiih I'niiiiiniiii.— A caMi' i-- Ian! li Mark, -I Sii,i-i w hail lo llie south- west shoi'i' of Verlia, Unena, or I i,)al Is) a in I, and limn iln- i-asii-i iv shore ol this island to the lail- uay shipping; pier oi the Sonihern I'ai-ilir ( oni|iaii,\ on II,,' Oak .iinl snie. 'I'he hrinini aie ilnlieated Ity lafgesi/ed notiies. A cable has been laiil froiii the eoallimiKi-rs ol' i|i,' .S,iiiilii'i n I'aeiii,' ( ',iiiipaii> a', I 'ml Cist a, .leross the Strait of Kaiijiiini-/, lo ihe innllii-rlv piei of tlic lailinail emnpanv on ilie nmin-ia side. The lerinini are iiidiealed In lar;;e sized si;.;ns. Aliotlier ealile has lieen laid aeross tin- Sirail of Kaii|iiiiii-/ riniii Iln- iiorllielly end of the < iiaii;;er"s wharf. « hii'h is .ilionl on,' inilr \\e>luaiii liuiii I'ml t'usia, io a pmni direellv opposite on ill,' northern or IJeiiieia shore. The liiinini ,iii' i in Ilea I id liy I u;;i' siun ;. •• IVIeur.iph ('able Cross- in-." I'mijiv I'listiil'l'ilfiiniiih I'uhlf ('iimpinui.— X cable has bc,-ii laiil IVmn ilic iiairow iianu,' I'erry slip, situated between Market .ind Missimi .sire, is. lo llic uestcrl\ i-inl ol Ilic smilii sliippin,:; pier of Ihe railway eonipany on ilic O.ikl.ind siile of the li,i\ . This i,-iiiiiiins is imlicalcd iiy a lar^e "hitesinii: •• racilic Postal Telc-iapli Cable Crossin,.;." Ill tlie l.\ a si-n I'.nilie I'ostal-Telc-raph ri-".NAI.l II'.S nu; HAMAl.IMi cAKM'.S. ThoSP sipiis (liMlote the lamlili- pniiils of all lelc; iplii,' calih's. as r,',|iiircil by law, and per- sons or vessels breakinj; or daiiia-ii Ihe , -allies, whctlicr by iliiij;j:ini; anchors or ollierwi.se. are liable to il line of not le.ss than live liiin,lre,l dollars or i e lliaii leii llionsaml dollars in additioii lo full ilaiiiaijes arisin;: from iiijiiiy dmn to ill,' C.lll Til,' lau 11 i-i li,','ii I'lilmccd III several ea.se.s, Mill dl linages amomitintr to fifteen hninlicd dollars and Iwi'iily two hiimlied dollars have been I MM ;, sixvinlly .It'I.-^atnl for .liit.v in tin- liaihor of San !• tlu'V iiiv iiihltM' the ^'ciicimI iliifctiDiis of tlio iliicf of |ioliri> ot Sail I" raiicisro, all I hPii-ii When till' iiuiHlcr of a vrssrl n(|iiin's assist a nn' froni llic iMilicc aiitlioiilicN tli li:lllo|;,>l 11,1 c ntvcriiif; his vi'sst-l must l>c (lis|>la\t'«l m ilii> iiii//»Mi ri-;;iii;; Im-iwcimi Miinisr ami Miiisn t\v»'«'ii siiiiMt ami .suiUKsf a nu'iii or lilui- li;;lil iiiu^t lu' slutwii at li'a«t Iw.'hi' U'l-i al)u\»' iln ,|, of till' Vt'»!«l'l. rulM' OK SAN I»IK.. Tlu' ciiNtom-iioiis*' rf;:ulalioiiM an- tin- sainc as at San 1'iaiici.sn IMl.iH A(iK Tlu' i)ilotag(' latt's an' as follows: All vcsscl.s iine paiil. Tlieie is always a Ii4»at 4Tuisiii«; outsiile the l)ar, ami as the servieen of the pilots are ie;;iii,iin l)Y a l)oaril of pilot eoiiunissioiieis, it makes no ililleieiiee which pilot is einploved. Tip\v.\(ii; There is tinlv one company ^l.sv.t) (join;; lowiiijiat San hie>;o, ami the tariir per net tcm i. \s ius follow s Nft Uniit ni:'"!' '!■<■ i.r frnrii M .1 !>>•( ki'),: Miiii till IIXI TmiI 1 l»Hi I ■.':«i i,.'.n'i i; :' I'll!) .illij illlitrt .iIkI illHlrl :ili (ihi> l*t. ml IT. .'hi Jimhi rj. .'ill 'J.'i, I'O -Si.'*' ;mi Ihi I.' * toi kinj .Hill iiimIik k.ii^ Jin dh IikIi il iii Dm ni. rjli'M if tin 11 Iiriii i-riU iillllll ilmti K liii't tlntlltlii iliii k f^^'. Charne.'. for other .>ei\ ices in ]iroportioii as afjreecl upon. The tow boats are poweitiil. fitted in every way to peit'oiin their duties. mm REVISKD INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS TO PREVENT COLLISIONS AT SKA ACI 111' ( nNCIJKSs .\l'l'Hliall be loUowcd in the navij;atioii of vcsscIk ol the Na\ of the mercantile marine of the Cniti'd States. .-I1:AM AM' ^MI \ ^s.^^■l..■^. .Vinu'l.l-; i. Ivvery steam ship which is under sail and not under steam shall lie (■oiimiIi .sailin;.'-s|iip ; and every steam-ship which is under steam, whether under sail (U' not. .shall I" sidered a >hip under steam. f Art. •_'. The li;,'hts mentioned in the followin;,' articles numbered .<, I, f), <», 7, s, il, in, ami 11 and no others, shall be carried in all weathers from sunset to sunrise. Art. •>. A sea^oiu;; steam«l)ij>, when under way, shall cany — ((/) On or in front of the foremast, at a hei;;ht above the hull of not Us,, than twenty ted, a Ni Jii. irhile li^ht, of such a eliaraclcr as to be visible on a dark nijjht, with a clear atmo.sphcic. a tancc of at least yirc miles, and so const riieted as to show a uniform and unbroken lij;lit o\< arc of the hori/.ou of twenty points of the compass, and so lixed as to throw the liKlit ten p on each «iUc of the vessel, viz, from right ahead to two jioints abaft the beaiu on either side. I .1 'I I'ACIKIf Ci'Asr I'll.oi. (il!> ilicisni, altlinii-li t ni't'lll'l'lllll tnjrnti linlil, i.rsiicli a < li,ii;iiiri ;is lolir msiM i a il.uk iii;;lil, wiili I cli-ar atniowplHTc, at 11 distaiK'i' of at lfas» ^cd miles, uml >ii (•.iii>iiii(ic(l as In >li(i\v a iiiiiroiMi iiiil uiilunkt'ii li^'lit ovtT ail ail' nl' tlic lioii/dii of tin |,miii|> ni III,, niiiipass; and so lixcd as tti ililow I lit' liRlit from li^'lit ahead to two jiojiits aliall I lie In am uii llie s/io/ni.i/i/ side, (f) Oil tilt' iiiirl s\<\v a »•('(/ li;;lil, of siieli a eliarailt r as lohe \ i>il)|e uu a dark in;;lil, « iili a clear iimos)du'n', at a distanee of at least hro miles, and so eonstiiiiled as to slmw a iiiiilorin and iin- JMokeii li>;lit over an are of the hoii/.oii ten iioiiits nf tin' eoiii|pass; and so lixed as to tliiow the li;.'lit from ri;^iit ahead to two points ah. ill the heam mi the iimt side. (il) The ;;ieeli and red li;;hls shall he lillid uiih iiihnaid senilis |iii.|i eiiii;: at least three feet forward from the li;;hts, so as to prevent them t'mm lieiiii; si en ,iiiii>> the Imu, Al!T. 1. A Nteainshiii, when lowin;; aimllier vessel, shall, in aildiiiiiii to In r side li;;lils, earry iini liii;;lit, irltiti li;;hls in a \eitieal line, mie o\er the ulliei. imi less ihaii Ihiee leel .ipail, so as 1.1 distinguish liiT from other steam-siiips. K.ieh of ihesi li-lil> shall iie dl the same ehalaeter and eoiistriietion, and shall lie carried in the s.ime jmisiIhui a^ llie white li^lit which other steam- ships are reipiired to carry. AIM'. Ti. {liall he \ isilile at tin ^a .Ii^taia e as the while li;;ht. liv day hIio shall cair,\, in a vertical line, one o\ii the ulhei, mil less than six Icei apart, in front III hut not lower than her foreni.isi head. //dm slia|ns. imi le-.^ilhiii iwn led in di.imetei, ol which llie top and liottom shall he •;hihnlar in shape and red in eolm, and the middle one diamomi in shape and white in color. (c) The ships referred to in this artiele. when mil makin;; aii\ wa\ tliron-li the water.shall not carry the side li{,'lits, hut when makiii;; wa,\ shall cany I hem. ((/) The li;,'hts andshapes reipiiied lnhe slmwii li\ tliisai I nle are to he taken h> other shijis as sijiiial.s that the sliii> showinj,' them is not under coininaml. and can mil, theiel'ore. K''' <>ut of tho way. AllT. (5. A sailitiKship under way. or hein^' towed, shall caiiv the same li;;lils as are provided hy Artiele.'Jfor a steam ship under way, w ilh the execption ot the irlnl- lii;lil. which she shall never curry. Aht. 7. Whenever, as in the case of small \essels dmin- had wc.iihii. the -iveii and red snle- h-hts can not he lixed, these ll-lits sli.ill he kept on deck on then ivspeclivr sides of llie Vessel. le.idy for use; ami shall, on the appniai h of m m other vessels, lie exhilnlcil on their respective sides in sumcicnt time to piexeni collismn. in siuli manner as lake them most visilile. and so that \Uv,,nr,i li^ht shall not lie seen on the //..»■/ side, mn ilie ,vi/ li-lil on ihc ,v/.iW»m;i/ side. To make the use of these porlalile liuiitsinnv .•ertaiii and eas.s. the lanleins coiilainin^ theiii shall each he painte.l on the outside with the coh.r of the li-ht they respectively contain, and shall he provided with proper .seieeiiM. AliT. 8. A .ship, whether a steam ship or sailing; .shi|.. w hen at an.lMiv. shall canv wliere M iMl, hest he seen, hut at a liei-ht not excecdin- twenty feet ilmvethe hull, a ,rlntr hulii in a -loli- iil.ir lantern of not less than ei-ht inches in diameter, ami -,. miisiriicted as to show a chsir, uiii- Inrm. and unhroken liKht. vi.silile all around the Iniii/.oii. and at .i dstance ot at least . A j.ih.t vessel when ei.-a-cd on her stall n pilola-c ,liit> shall not carry the li-hts I lired for other ve.s.sel.s, hut shall carry a u-hii, 1,^1,1 at the mast head, visihle all arouml the horimi, and shall also exhihit AjUnrup litrht or lij;lits at short intervals, which shall uc^er excmi m I ■ 1 1 ! 1 1 ( GM rAciKic coAsr ni.or. flftiM'ti iniiinti's. A pilot vt-ssfl, wlu-ii not «MiKiim'i .s||j|is. ion oil |ii1otii^<> iliilv, '\\\ AKT. 10. <)|i«'ii Ixiiilsatiil lixlijiij; Ni'SMfUol" IfSK lliaii twints Ions net n-uislnvil Hfs, «M lllii'.s III llir uatt imhUt way, mill not wln-ii liavmy; tlifii iicIn, trawls, dicl oliljp'd to cairx the coiond snlc li^'lits; inii «.v«"i.v nimIi boat and M'smiI .sliall. in lini t| irad.s at hand a lanti'in, with a nn-fii nUss on ilii. our Hide and a H'd ulass on ti ih on apjtroacliiiin to or lu-in^' a|)|iioa«'iii'd hy annilni vom.), hihIi laninn .s|i;il| i MilliiiiMit tiiiu' to pK'Vfiit colliMoii, ho (hat tin- yn-fii ||m|,| ,s|,.,|1 |,„| i the ted li^lit on the slarlioaid .side. lojlll,!-, , v,l ll'll (Ml |„. Iflr. !. Ii,n, ' . .IImI >(• Nt'CII on till' poll '<• fNil. -.U ,\ 11, Imi A IS I. II. .V .siii|i wiiirh IS iMJiij; ovcrlakm l).\ anollnr shall .show IVoiii lici si t'i'ii III nii-iition«>d xiiip a ulnli' li^ht or a tiaic up ii;:ht. |Tlif I'xiiiliilioii ol an> li;.'lit on l>oaid a vomI oI war ol tin- I'liitid States iiiiin Ii, wlifiii'Vi'i. Ill the opinion ol th«> .Sicictai.v of War, Ihi- riiiiiiiiand li Li^i rv III chnl' ul ,1 '~i|ii,ii|i (oinm.indfr ofa v»'.s,sf| acting .»iii>:Iv, tlif Nptt-ial cliai.irifr ol ihc Mr\ iff nia,\ ii't|iiiic it.| III, 1. 1 tin sol Ml sliiNAI.H I OK liM.ilV Wli lllll'K \\1 villi);. .\l!r. \-. A slt-aiii ship shall In- pro\ idtd «ith a .slcaiii^ hisllr, oi other cllicirin sIimih .,.iiim| .si;:iial.s. so plaeed thai ilie sound iiia\ not lie iiiteri'i*pleil li\ aii,\ nlisti net ions, uml w Jili i , , iiuii'iit I'o;.' horn to he .sounded lis ahellows or other iiieehaiiie,il means, and also mi elliiieiii !i. \ Halliii;; ship shall lie pioNided \villi .i siniilai In^ hoiii and hell. In to;;, mist, or t'alliiiK niiow, witctlu'r li.s da> or ni;;lit, the signals de.snilied in iKi> .mn!,. Nliall Ih* used a.s lollows, \i/ : (ii) A sieain ship under \va\ shall make with her .sleain whi.slle, or other .steam smiihl si-n.ii, at intervals of not nnn'e than two minutes, a piolon;;ed iilast. (/') .\ .sailing: ship under wa\ shall make with her to;,' horn, at inters als of not i ■ iii.n, twn minnte.s, \slieii on the .starlioard taek, one lil.isi ; when on the port lark, two liJaNls in i|u;i'l, vih «.r.s.sioii and when with the wind .iliat't the lieam, three tilasts in Miceessn ((') A sieani ship and a sailing-ship, when not iiinier was, shall, at intervals ol' imi iiii>:-' il two niiiiutes, rin^ a bell. TIIK SITKH i>y hums MIM IIK MhIH IIATKH in liMii.V \Mi lllliK WlMlllli. f/ Art. l.'i. Kvcr.v sliip, whether a Mailing-ship or a stiaiii ship, shall in a lo^;, mist, . It tsvo ships under sleain are meelin;;«'iid 011,01 nearly end on, so as to iiivnhe ii>k ■ collision, each shall alter Ikt ••oiirse to starboard, so that each may pa.ss on the port side ul iIh other. This article only applies to cases where ships are meetiii;,' end on, or nearly 'lid a manner as to involse risk of ci III »iii I: il l.fr|i their respeeiis«' courses, pass • ion, and does not apply to tsvo ships svlii
  • 1 lear of each other. The only cases to svhicli il does app:'. n Iv eiitl on. to the othi-r; In other svords, to c.i-r> 1 ler im I . ii"i svlieii each of the two ships is end on, or iieai svhieh by day each ship sees the masfs of tl tlier in a line, or nearly in a liiu', svitli I bs iiitilit loca.ses in whi( h each ship is in such a position as to see both the side li;;hts ol I In 1 1 does not apply by day to eases in svliici by iiiyht t4i caw's where the red lijrht of one ship is opjiosed to the red litthl of the other. 01 the grteii light of one ahip ia opposed to iLe giceu light of the other, or where u retl IikI'I ^' I Clin: -r. 111 >llHl mil tliitv. .>ii,ii; , ,ii,\ IV. 1 lollll.l;;. , nli.ll «.llrr, >|i,ill !i.il III- l|i|| lln-ti'i.!. |i,i\r III' iillit'i sh|, , ;,,„! II lir r\ll. .1. i| III till- |lll| I ,M,|c. In, I NllTII III ~.i^ li l.iNt MI;IS lie sii,|,i|ii|,,| .1 M|l|,i>ll.i||. I'l llir l'i|llllr ll.| rli'lil sicaiii -oiiiiil III v\ illl M.I I llirli'llt • nii'ii'iii Im'II. a illCll ill tlil> .lllllli' 4t<'jllll SiiIIImI >I^II,||, not iiiiiii' III. Ill luii IllilMtS III ijlli'lt ^llr \» uf not iii>>:" lii.iii Ml It. fon, mist, III I'.illiii.' itlvi' risk til riiiiiMuii, ll i.s cliisc |i;iiiliii. IS iif a sliip w'u.ih K wliicli li;is 111. «iliil l|l Wllicll I.N |.' "lll'l 4lii|). I a.s to iiiviih.' I ^~^ "' tin- port Mil. "I III.' i-aiiy flu! "II. '■ -'I'l: II TIlllSl. if li.'lil l>''.|' ■ll it iliii's a|.|';\ 11' i'i- worils, iti 'I-.'- Ill (', witli Illl' I'^^i • iii'l »• liKJit.x t'l 111. '■'■"■I- li luT own <'"i' *'■• '" (■ till' otlllT. 'II ull.li> B u rt'il liglil vM'li.mi I'ACII IC COA.sr lll.iiT .'ivfii li«lil,or a K'n-Cli li^lit will t a nil li;;lii, i> .m,,, ali.a.l. or wl Ii(;lils aro HCfii iiii,vwlii>i'«> liiit alii ail. AitT. Ki. If two ,s|ii|i.s iintjir .vifaiii arc ci liii'li lias tlio other on licr own nl,i,ln„nil sjilr >||,||| K,.,.| | ,,| ,| Cal icic liotli ;.'ii'cii anil rnl 'os^lll;.^ so as to lli\ ivol\c II, U lit nillisjiiii. till' .sjiiji AUT. 17. If two ,slii|i,s, oni'of uhii'li i.s a sailin;; sliin ami iIh ,,|| '• »M\ III lllf otiui. 11^' in such tlirt'ction as to involve ri.sl< orciilli.siiin.tl -.liliii^'Nliip. Altr. l.t. Kvciy mram x/u/i when appioachiiiy .inollici' s| III a steam ship, aiv pioi.cij IC slcaiii >liip shall Nii'p uiil iil'ihc \\a\ ollhc shall slacUeii licr .speed; or, if iiercssaiv, sinp am! nvi lip .».! as ll, iiiMihe risk iif collision. Aitr. It). In lakiiiKiiii.v course aiithmi/cil or 11,11 | i ay nia.v imlicate that conr.se ofaiis olh histle: \ lllCsf I H her sicaiiiwhisth cr >lii|i w liii'li >|||. ll, ■.•,^ul;itiiiiis,a strain ,||||i ii||i|,.|' i.^lil. iiv the lollnwH >■• simial- One short Itlast In mean, " I am dircciiiii: mv c, m >i- i,, >iai Imanl. Two short lilasts to mean, " I am il llcci in:; iii\ ciniisc to i.oi |. Tliree short blasts to mean, •• I am ;;'iiii;; lull spml ;,siciii. The n.se ofthcse sijjnals is optional, Iml il ihi'\ ,in' iis.ii, i| nlaiice with the Ni;;nal mailc. ic riiiiisi' III Illl- ship must lie iiii Airr. 'J(». Notwilhstandin;; aiiylhiii;; I laimil in aii.\ pini'il III in;: ship or a .steam ship, overt akin- an\ olhci. shall kcpoin i it' the ua\ of th liiU iilllrlc, ever\ >lii|i, uli.'llici AlfT. L'l. In narrow channels e\ CIS steam >lii|i .hall, \\l c iiM Tl.lkl 11 ship lli.i t side of the fairway or mid channel \^ Imli icii II I- sale .Hill pi.icliialilc, kciji lo Ills Illl the slailio.iiil s ilr i>| .>iich sjh .\i!T. '."J. Where, liy the aliovc rules, one ol ih.' two s| llp> IS III kci'p ,,ul 111' tllC W.IV, tllciitl shall keep her coiir.sc. AllT. li.'J. In idifyiiiK' iind eiinstniiii;: these inU's, dm icmiiI sli.ill i.ch.ul to, ill . ^.ition, and to any special circnmsi.iiiccs uhich m,i.\ rcinln i ileji.ii iiii. rimii ihcal saiy, in oriler to avoid immediate dan;;cr. laii;,'cisof iiavi- Mi\c I lili'S iieccs THE REGULATION Oh' IIMMIGRATION LAWS OF THK U (Tl-.u STATKS AND OK THI-; STATE OK CAl.UOKNIA AN AI'T (IK f(iN(;l!l.iirli juiri. I'he ihoiicn iIiiis c.iI- l.'ited shall lie paid into tin' I'nitcd St.iies Tuasiirx, ami shall coii.-.titii|.' a t'liiul to lie c.illc.l the iiiimi;,'rant fund, and shall lie used, iimler the direction of tin Sicrclarv orilie Treasiiry, todeliay till' e.\pen.s«« of re^nlatiii;; iniiiii;:ratioii iimler this ad. ami I'm the car.' ol' imiiiiLiiaiits ariix in;: in the I'nitiMl States, for the relieldf such as are in distics'., ami for the ;;ciicral |iiir|iose.s ami e.\- pensis of earryiiif; this act into elfcct. The duty imposed hy this section shall he a lien iipmi the vessels which shall liriiiy; sin h passen;:i'is into the Iniled Stale.-, ami sli.ill lie a .l.lit in favor of the I'liited States a;;aiiist the owner or ovmicis ol such xcssels; ami lii.' pax mcnl oismh iliity may lie enforced Ity any le;;al or cipiilaltle remedy: I'noiii.il. That im ;:ic.iiri -inn >li,iil lie e.vpemlcd tor the pnrjio.ses hcrei* liel'orc nicntioncil. at any po .Skc. li. That the Secietary of the Treasiiiv is licieliy cli:iiL;c.l uitli ll provisioii.s of tiiks a(!t and with snpervisioii over iNc liiisnn-s ..t' iminii;iaiioM It. ihaii shall have liceii colleclid ,it siicli port. iliity of c.seciitiii.i; the to 111.' I'liited Stales, and for that purpose he shall have power to ciit. i iiii.> coiitiacts with smh Stat.- commi.ssion iioard, or ollicers as may lie dcsi^jnaled I'm that pniposc li> the i^nMi'imr o cliarj;(M)f tli« local alVairs of imini;,'ra!ioii in tin- p.iits witlii support and relief of such iinini;:rants therein lamliiiu as iiia,\ under the rules and rejjulatioii: lo he picscrilied li\ sa r any Stale to lake for th such State coinini.ssioii, lioan',o >l1iecis so i arriving at the ports within sue' State in any ship or M saiil Slate, and In innviile for the lad illl" distress or nce.l pnhlic aiil, li Secretary: :iml it shall he the diil\ of iesiunali'il to examine into the condition of passciiucis vessel, and I'.t that parpiLse ;ill or ;iny of such commiasiouers or oUiccrs, or such other person or persons a; they shall appoint, shall be an ii 't* i M 652 r.vciKir toAsr imi-dt. tliori/.otl to go on lioanl of and tlironjili anv siuli uliip or vi'ssci ; niiil if on sufli oxaniinaliuM ili,.|-,, shall 1h> fonntl anioiiy; .sncli pa.sst'iifii'is any convirt, luiialif, idiot, o<' an\ ptMson unal'lc In i.il., , n,. of liiiMS»'lf or luTSflf vitlioul lu'coiiiiii;;- a piililic t'liaino, ttifv sliall report tin- saMc iii \mi' . |,, llir t'olU'flor of such port, and such prisons shall not l>t' p«Tniittfd to land. Si.c. .?. Thai till' Scnctaiy of the 'I'rcasnrv shall cstalilish such ic;iulalions and rales ;iihi ism,,. fi'oni liuic to lime siu'h nislruciions not ineonsisteni wilh law as he shall deem oesi c.ih iiI.ik il lu proleel the I'liited Slates and iiiiuii;;ranls inio llie Inilcd Slates I'loni tiaud and loss, and Imi ,;ii r\iny;oul the pro\ i>ions of this act ami the iiunii;;ialion laws of ilu' rnilcd Stales ; amMn vh iH prescrilie all loruis nl honds, enliies, ami olhcr papers to he used in '•.t and in Ihe enr(ii( . hchi „\' thevaiioiis pro\ isions of this acl. Si.c. I. Thai all f(>iei;;n I'oiiNU'ts except those con\iclcd of jiolilieal oOeiisi's, upon an i\ ,1. vji.iil he sent hack lo Ihe naUoiis Id winch lhe.\ liclon;; anil l.oin whence lhe,\ eaine. 'I'he Scik im i| theTieasmv may dcsi|;nalo IheSlale hoard of chai ilio of aii.\ Slale mi w Inch such Im.iiil -h. ill «>\isi liy law. nr aii,\ com mission in an,\ S'ate, oi' any peisnn or pel son > in anv Stale w Imv, .im^ n sliall lie loixeculethe pro\ isinii'^ of Ihisseclior wilhonl conipclisalioli. The Scciclai \ n| i|,,. TreasniN shall prescrihc ie;:iilalioiis for Ihe rclinii of ihe aforesaid persons lo Ihe cuaiitih - ii.nn whence tlie.N came, and >ha'l Imiiish iiisl i iiclions n the hoard, cominission, or pri'-ciiis i 1, ii;;n| \> illi the excel) I ion of Ihe pi o\ isions of t his seclicin as to Ihe mode of pi'ocedine in icspecl iIm n in. and iiia> clian;:e such insi met ions from l ime lo Innc Tlie exitciise of such iclin n of I lie aton ^:llll persons not permilled Inland shall Ik' home hy ihe owners of ihc \essels in which Ihey ciinc. Si;r. .">. I'lial this act shall lake dVeet immedialel.v. I'riiiU'd lilies and re;;iilalioiis hased upon this act lia\e hecn issued hy the Secietai.\ nl ihc Treasury, dal<-d .liilv 1, IsSD. « 1 Wk P i IN ' ! !^1i *:t II ■: IMMKillATIiiN IM'n C AI.Il'OKNI A, I.AW> OI 111! SlAII ol I \lll>i|lM\. (lOIIIK Al 1 IIIIK ^ SiH'Tii'N -".U'.i. \\ illiiii twcIll^ loin lioiiiN alter the iirrixal of any vessel airiviii;; at aii\ .■! iln poi Is of tins Slale, liiin;;iii;: pas>cii;^cis t'roiii an,\ place out ol this Stale, the uiaslei ol sm 'i \i^m1 must make on oalli, lo ihe eoniiiiissioi.<'r ol niiini;:rat ion al such poll, a wiitieii ic|ioii. The icporl (iiiisi slale Ihe name, sex, placi ol hiilli, l.i-l icsnleiice, a;:c. and occiip ii imi ef ,ill persons oi passeiif,'crs on hoaid who .iie not cili/ciis nl the I'liilcd Slates. The master or coimiiamler oi the vessel is iei|inied lo adiinnister an oath lo an> p.i^M h;ji'i .if fon'ijrn Ini III w ho d.eclaics Inmscll a cili/cnof Ihc Iniled Slates. The pas.seii^ei iiiii^l ih i i.iir the lime and place where the naliir.ih/at ion took pi. ice. Speei.d Itoiids ;iie icipiired for all lunatic, deal, diimh. hlnid. crippled, or iiitii iii person^ » !imv eirennislani'es make it proh.ihle ilicv will hecome a lundcii on ihe Stale. Tlicpeii.ili\ iii umh ie|ioii 18 two liundred dollars, and two hnmlred dollars peiiallN for each alien pasM im. i ml reported. riieeoinnnssioner of iuimi>;ration has lar;;e powers to pre\ent Ihe iiilroilnct ion ol aii\ ;M:...n atVecleil with ihedi.sease known as lepros> or elephantiasis. lie is vested with the pow.i .nid anlho!il,\ to delani all such per.solis on hoard aii\ such vessel so arii\ili;;. and to assi;;ii ilic \.-mI to a heilh or anchorage sepaiale and ajLirl from all other ves.sels. and al a sale and saii.il'l' il> tance from the shcre. If an\ person or coilsi^'liec nej^lecls or refuses to ul\e :ni> of the hoilds leiplired ill IIm .li.il'l'i on nnmiuiation within a specilhil lime, lie Is liaMe to the State of Cald'oiina in the peii.il > I one thoits.nid dollars !oi' i-acli pa^scii^^er, etc. Masliis of ves.sels arriving; al an\ of Ihe ports in the Slate from an\ jioil in this .••:'(,, ni ih.m Orey Waslnnnlon. are exempt Irom makiii>; the stall imnl leijiiiied 1>,\ I his diapl. i . . dn cell ai II 1 ondilioiis ; and so also ,ne Ihe masters of \essels aiilx iii^ lioin raiiaiiia. In all the ports in tins Slate other than San fiamiseo, the ma\oi, oi chief iiiiiiiici|mI .Hmh a! such poll, etc., is (J niliiiii commissioner of imnii;;iation lor such port. n't.'i Hj^ Since the passa;.'e of the exclusion act of Is.ss hy the <"oiiKn'8N of (he rniteil Stales, i I :m v pasM'npMN can not he hrou(;lit into the I'nited Slates. I* I'Arliir coAsr I'll.oT. 65:5 tlie Sccrcl.ii.N I'l !l;i riiitcd Stalfs. • liiirM' ACT OK THE CONGRKSS OK TMK UNITKH STATK S IN KKI.ATION TO THK COLORING. NUM- BKKINC'i. AND I'l.AClNH Ol' HUtlYS. Sl'l N DI.IS. TOWlvKS. KTC. Ill ront'ormity with sccliou Hi7s i.r ih.^ ItcNist-d SiiHuio (pT iln I niinl Slates, iln' rullowinu' .iiilcr is oliscrvi'd liy tlii^ Li^jlit llnii. .■ I'manl in cdloriuL; .iiul iiiiiiilifinii; the liiiovs mIimi.i;- iIic coast, i.f ill liavs, liartxii's, .souikIm, or cliaiiiit'ls. \i/; 1. In a|i|pri>acliiiij,' llii> <'liaiiiicl. etc.. tinm sc/.w aiil. red luinv s, wilii even nniiilieis. will he i.iiiiiil nil till' stailioanl .-ide ol' the ehannel. anil must he lett nn the siailmaiii h.iiiil ill passiii';- in. 'J. Ill apipniaeliiiij; liie ehannel, etc., Iiniii sea waiil. lihu U Imnss, with mlil niinihers. w ill \»\ 1 1 HUH I on t he port niiie of the eliannel, ami miiini he lili mi I lie |Mirt liaml in jlissiiil: in. .".. l>iio\ s painleil with red and hiaek hoii/onlal stripes will he I'oiind on ohslrnetlMns, with iliaiinel w ays on either side of llieiii, and iiia\ lie letl on either hand in passin;^' in. I. r>iio,\s painted with w hile and hlaek pei peiidieiilai' sinpeswill he loiiiid in mid ehannel, .ilid inns' he passed close to to avoid d.iiiuc r. .Ml other (list iii^nuhiiii; inaiNs to hiiovs will he in addition to tin- l'oiei;ciin,i;'. and nia\ he em- ploved to mark p.irticiilar spots, a description of which will he L;iveii in the printed list of hiioys. I'Mches, with halls, ca^es, etc., will, w lien pl.ici'd on hno\s. heat Inniiiii; points, the color an, I iiiiiiiher indieatin;; on what side thev shall he |ia:.sed. DilVereiit elianiiels in the same ha\ . sound, 1 1\ er. or liaihoi will he niarlvcd. as far as practica- Me, hy dilVereiit ile.scriplions of hiiov s. I'liiicip.il cIkiiiiicU will he in.irUed hs iiiin.hiio\s: second- ai\ clianiu'ls, hy can hiiovs; and minor cl aiineN. h\ sp.ir hno.vs. When llieie is hut one chaiiiiel, iinii hiioys, properly colincd ami iiiiinheicd. are nsiiallv placeil on the siarhoard side, and can- hiioys on the jiorl side ot it. I>ay heaeons, stakes, and spindles (e\ccpl such as an> on tin" sides of cliannels, which will he colored like hiiovs) are constriicled and di->I iii-nisheil with speci.il itdcrence to each locality, and paiticiilarly in re^iaid to the ha' i, -roiin.l upon which tlie> ,iie pio|ccled. Wherever praeticahle, tli towiTs, heaioiis, hiioxs, spindles, and all o her aids to navii;atioll ,iie arraii;;ed in the ist in re.unhir order as ili.'V aie passed hy vessels eiittiin- Ironi sea. 'I'lii' ioiir.ses ami heariiii^s are ma^iielic; distances in nanliiMl miles. Ai;iit;i;\ I \ fitiNs i srn on cit'iM's a.su inns i.isfs. K., red lilioys, Nos. •_', I, (>, etc, siarhoard. It,, hlaek biiovs, Nos. l,:l. ."«, etc., port. I', S., white and hlaek perpendicular sliipcs. without niiiniip'rs. in mid eliannel. 11. S.. red and hlaek hoii/oni.il sinpcs , • \ }i »■* i;!f: »k n^i -!fi «, <)54 rAciKio coAsr imlot. CALIKOKMA. AN ACT I'lir llic iirntt'cliiiM nT 1iiii\vh ami bcjiootis. Till' I'cojtlt' o/ tlir .'^tatrof ('iili/iiruiii, rrprescnteil in Smatraml Assrmhh/^flo rnait os Mlo,,^ Sr.cTloN 1. Any jti'isdii or pt-rsons wlio sliiill iiuMtr niiy vessel nr litiat ofaiiy kind, ov \\u\ mit or scow, to any hnov or liea<'oii phu-t'd in tlie waters of CaliCoriiia liy authority of tlie I iiiicil Si it,s Lifilitl louse I'.oanl, or sliall in any niaiim r lianjj on to tlie same willi au\ vessel, hoal. rail, m ., nu. or sliall willi'nlly remove, tlamaj;e, or placed, daiiiau'cil, or destroyed Ity any \ essel, lioat, i alt, or scow liciiij,' made fast to the saim , -.h.ill. when said cost shall have licen le;;all,\ ascertained, he a lien upon such vessel, hoal, rati, ni ^cuv, and reco\ eicd a;;aiiist I lie same, and I he owner or owners I hereof, in an action of debt, in .iii\ c .iin of competent jurisdiction in this State. Sk<'. ,i. 'Ihisact shall take ellecl fiom and after its jiassajjo. .\ppvoved March L'tJ, 1S7J. (>l!K(iON. AN AC'l' I'oi till' iinit.cliHM 111' ;iii(i\» ami lii-nrniiH. />V itcnoctril hi/ Ihr l.iijislatin Asstmhlfi n/tlic Sfntf of (hri/on : Si'.ci'KiN 1. Thai aii> person or p«'isoiis who shall moor any xcssei or vessels of aii\ Knulni name whatsoever, or aii\ hoal. skill, haifje, scow, raft, or part of a rait, to any luiny or Ihhoh placed in the iia\ ij;alile waters ot the Slate, or in any bay, ri\fr, or arm of the sea bordciiii- ii| this Slate, by the authority of the rnited Stales lajjlil House Hoard, iw shall in any iiiaiiiici Icini; on with aii> \ essel, boat, skilV, bar;;e, scow, raft, or jiait of a raft, to any such buoy or lM;i,,.ir. i.i shall willfully remove, dama;,'e, or destroy any siu'li buoy or beacon, or shall cut dovMi, iimum, damage, or destroy aii> beacon or beacons erected on land in this State b\ the anllmiiiv i.i ilir .said I'liilcd Stales I.iuiit House I'.oad. shall Ibrevciy such ofl'cnse I deemed jjiiilty of a \u'-'\r ii,-anor. and, upon coii\ iciion thereof, before any court of competent jiirisdiclion, shall lie pnni^liccl by a line not less than one hundred nor more than two hundred dollars, or by iMiprisoniiii m iiiihr county jai not less than one or more than six months, or by both such line and iinprisoiniiini. in the discrelioii of the court. Sf.r. L'. That one half of all lines under this act shall be jiaid by the court to the iiiloninr. and that tl thcr half shall be paid into the common school fund of the count\ in "lihh iln' action shall be tried. Approved October Iti. IsTl. TKKIUTOItY dl' WASIIIMiTON. AN ACT r.>i llii' pruti-clii.ii nl' liiii.ys ami Imvi.-imih. /.V il iniirtxi hji tht l.ffiisliilirr AHyemlihl of tin- Tir>ili>nj nf Wiislniifjton : Si;( rinN. I. Thai an\ person or persons who shall moor aii\ vessel or ves.sels of iiii\ I,! ) m name whatever, or aii\ bi.ii. skill, bar-e. scow, lafl.oi |iait of a lalt. to any buoy oi beacon i -! in the iiaxiKable waleis of I his Territoi \ , or in any ba\ , iivcr, or a.m of the sea boidei iii^; iip.M 'i > T.riiiMiy. \,\ theaiilhoiitN of the riiiled States l,i;;hl House Hoard, oi shall in any maiuici In..; «ui with an\ vessel, bo.it, skill, bar^c. scow, raft, or pari of a raft, lo any such buoy or beacon, oi shall willfully remove, dauiajie, or destroy any such buoy or beacon, or shall cut ilowii. n u "V, damage, or destroy any beaccui or beacons ••rected lui land in tiiis Territory by the aiithnii'\ "t the rnited States I,i-ht House Hoard, shall for every such olVense be deemed unilly of a m -li- ineaiior, and, upon conviction thereof, before any court of c,.■.! in ;li('(Iis<;rt'tiun ol tlic conit. ' SKC. i:. That on,- Iniirof all (in..s Mn,l..r ,l,is art shall U. „ai,l l,,v tli.M.onrt lo th. infonnor, an.l IhatlMM.UuT half shall 1... panl into thr nm.mon srhooinu,,! of tl,.. ...mmIv iu which ll... ollnis.. >liall lie roniniittt'il. Sioc. ;{. This act (<) tak.^ clVf.'l ami h.. in loir.. Innii and afttT its iiassase. Approvi'd Noveinhcr "), IS':,. MNITED STATES UKE-SAVING SKRVICK ON THK I'ACIIIC COAST OI' THE UNITED STATES TWKI.l'TH DISTKICT. Th.. following an- tin- lit.- savin- stati..ns on tlir roasts of Caliloniia, ()n-..n, and WasliiiiL'. Ion, An^;iist, ISS'.t: ^ Om/Hm/r.— Thirt.vthr,M> niih's ncnthw.'st ofPoim I,oi.,a l,i-lit lions,.. Antliori/cl l.v Con-nss. I'nint <'omr/»n-o/.— Station not y,-t liiiill : iifar llu' l,i-l,i lions,., ami to tlio ..astwani. (inhin, (i.ttv /V,W.-.— On th,- onl,-r h.^acli. .'all a milo south of lli,- Seal It.M'ks, otV Point I,ol.os. F,)W/V..■«^-Insid.'..^Folt I'oint.(;ol,|,.M «ial,.. Sap rian.'isro l!a\ : in .•ours,.,.!' .•onstrmMion. lUiUnws /.',(i/.-lnsi,l,. th,' ..ntraiir,. to llalhnas i.auoon. Station ,I,.stroy,.d by lir,. and not iilmilt. /'oiHf /;c.V(.«.—I{Mildin^'s in ('(.iirs,. oC'diistniction : on tl it,.i- li,.acli, ihivc miles north ol' the li^ht hoiis,'. Hiimhiililt />'(»//.— Insiih'th,. North Point, al.irasl th,. I.i-lit lions,. laiildi'\j;s. ('(Kliiillr /I'/rcc— .\iith,)li/.,.d hy Coimrcss; site not yet ih'tti niiiu'd. fVi/M dntjoni, or .1 cm/,/.— insid,. lh,. rocKy pdnt upon wliidi ihc linht hoiis,' is hnlt. I iiiliiiiiiih /I'/ro-.— .\iith,Mizi.d hy Con-rcss. (In lli,. oiit,.r liLaili, soiilh ,il' tli,» ,.-itraii(<,' to tlio riv,.r. Vaiinina /I'/rcc— Aiith,triz,.,I hy Con-rcss. Insid,' Hit' south p,>int ,>f tl iitraiic,. t,) th,. river. I'liiiil Ailnms. — In conrs,. ,,1' , 'oust met ion : alioiit half a mili. insid,. of ImmI S(ev,.ns. i'dlir l>isai)j)iiinlmiiit.— ]\\ l'.ak,'i's I'.ay. jiist insid,. the lauht house jioiiit. Loomix. — .Anthiniz,',! liy Con^^irss; on tl \v,.athiilM.aeh." t,.|i I on,' tliiril niil,.s north of North Head of (^ap,. Disaiiponitineiit ; latitml,. HI l'7' north. Sliiiiilinitcr /.Vii/.— On th,' iiisidt- of th," mirth point, iumi llie F.if^htlions,. hoatdamliiiK- / ' •..!/.. ..I t ..I I :....! 1... i ' _ ;. t^himliniltr /.fii/.— On th,' inside ol th," mirth point, iumi llie laf^htlioiis,. ho; (iriii/'s lliirlmr. — .\iitliori/.,.,l by < 'on;:i'ess : sit,' not yet d,'l,'riiiim.d. Secalt lUtij. — Inside of Caii,' Flattery, on the Indian i'es,.rvatioii at ufst iiart ( ifth,. Iiav. IN.STRUrTIONS Tl) MMMM'.l.'S IN CA.SK iH' sll I I'UIOK, K. WITH 1 NlnllM \ He iN ci INCRWMNfi TIIK LIKE .S.Wl.Mi .ST.VTIliNS IIMIN till; I'Ai lit,' ,(iASl i I Till; INI 11.1) STATi;s. ( l.il'i -Sin ill- Siiviir, l;r|i.i|l lit I--I, J Upon the I'aeilie coast lh,' lifesa\in,i; stations arc o|i,'n t!iron;;lioiit the \,.ar. but with the i\,.eptioii of th,' C.ipe I )isappoiiitiiieiit. Iliimbuldl l'>av. and San I'raneiseo stations, they are not manned by re;;iilar ,'r,'\vs, ami di'peml upon the v,i|iiiit,.i.r elloit from the iieij;hb,iriny; peoiile in ,'a.s,' of ship\vi,',U. All lih'-.savin;.; and lit',' boat stations ar,. fully siip|)li,'d with boats, wreck uiin, beach appani- liis, rest, natives, pr,iv isions. etc. .Most of the life-.siivin;; and life boat station^ are proviileil with th,' lnt,'rnalional Code of Si^-- • .•..— ..1 I.. ;,... .li..,, 1, i„,ii..ii ,11 (ibtaiii th,' la'itmle ami lonj;i- ubabiliiies .Most of the life-.siivin;; and life boat station^ are proviileil with th,' lnt,'rnalional Cod II. lis, and vessels can, b,v ,i|ieninu ,'oiiimuiiie,iiiiHi. b,' reported, or obtain th,' la'itmle a imie of the station where th,'y ha\,. 'ui'ii ,i,.tei mined, inlormatioii as to the wi'atln'r prol 111 in,)st ,.ases; ,)r if rrippl,.,! ,ir ,lis.ili|ei|, a sl,.aiii in;: m- revenue >iitt,'i will be leleuia 'All, 're facilities for t,.h.t;Tapliiiij; ,\ist. to the n,ar,'st port, if i,'ipi,si,'il. The stati,m crews patr,)l the b,'acli Horn two to loiir miles ,'ai'li sideot theirstatimis t'oiir lini,.s liriween snnset ami siinris,'. and if lh,' «,'alh,'r is fo^^yy lie' patrol is coniinneil tlironuh the ila\. Kach i)alri)linan eariii's Coston si-nals. Tpoii discoveriiii; a vess,'l slamlinu into tlanucr. h,' i;;iiites one of them, which emits a brilliant ivd ll.inie 'if a.'oiil two miinites' duration, to wain ln'r uiapheil lor 'our limes 1 ^ " i;;iiites one of them, which emits a In illianl iid ll.inie 'if .o'oiii i .> ■ ■ J aslior,., 1,1 let her ,ai.w Unow th it tli,'y ar,' < ^ * "" ,,"••■, -•••■--" ■ ' il, ,ir, shuiihl the vessel be .It iniml. If the vessel is ii,)t tli.seovercl by th,. |iairol imtnediat,l.\ aflei !liseov"r,'d and assistane,' is striking, rockets or Uarenp (if))! TACIKU! COAST IMLoT. lights slMiiiId ho l)iinu'(l, or, it tlu' wfatlicr Ix' i'oany, {iiins slioiild lu- tired to atlrnct atliMiiiMi,, ,,s tlio |ialni!inaii mav lie .shiih' disiaiici' awav on tlic otlior i-iid ot'liis Ix-at. Miisttrx iiir iiitrlinihirlj/ (iiutimtit, if thry nhoiihl hi- drirni nshorc iini/irhtn' in tin- nriiilil,..il,„.„i of tlif Ktntioiis, rxpiviall!) int miu of (he hhikIi/ nitixts irhn-f thrrr is not m tch iliui(irr of rissils In. •innj iiji iiintKiiiolilii, to nmiilii on iionnl until ii.ssi.stanrc iiirires, and nndrr no iirrnnisl imi lit'icrptihli' t'uiir liimdrcd >ardsotl' slimc, and tlic suit' wlicn viewed from a \essel nevii .i|,|„. ns as d.uiu'eiiiiis as it is. Maii.v lives have mineeessaril.v lieeii lost liy the crews of slraiideil \. •..,!> bein;: thus dcceixed and atteiiiptinf; to hind in the sliip's lioats. Tlie dillii iilties (if rescue liv opeiations frorn the shore are ;,'re!itlv ineieased in cases \\li.i, H,,. anchors are h't ;;.i dfiir mtrrimj tin Intiikits, as is fie<|uentl.\ done, and the eiiances of s.imm^ in, eorres|>ond'.iiy;l\ lessened. iNsrnrcriuNs. licsnif with thr life hnut or snrfhoat. -The patrolnian, after disi'overin;,' yoiir vessel i^li.'i,. ;iii,| iinrnini; a (oston si.'ii.d. hastens in his station fur assistance. If ilie nse of a hoat is iMaiiicililr. eiilier the lar^e life lioaf is laniiched from its ways in the station and proci'ed, to the wo cl, 1 \ water, or the iij^hter siirf lioal is lianled overland to a point opposite the wreck and lauih ii.,|, ;is eircumsiances nia> iei|niie. I "ptni the lioai reaching; von r vessel, the directions and orders of the Keepci- (wlio al\v.i\ ^ i inands and siccrs ihe lioat) shonid lie ini|dicill,\ oheved. .\n\ heatlloii;; riishin;; ami ciim.lm^r shonid lie piexcnted, and the captain of the \ essel should remain on hoard to preseive oitli i niiiil e\er\ other pi-rson has lett. Woiiu'ii. children, helpless persons, ami i)asseii;;ers shoidd he passed into th(> hoal lli^i. ositivcl,\ not he taken into the hoat until all are laiidcil. It .ii.\ Ih' passed in a^;aiiist the keepei's remonstrance he is fnll.N authori/ed to Ihiow the same ov ei Ih..iii|. A'e.M'l/f with thr In mhrs buoij or life viir. — Should it he inexpedient to use eithei the lilc Imitiii siirl'hoat. recniiise will he had tolhewreek j;nn and lieacli apparatus tor tin' rescue h;, the IhcicIics hnoy or the lite car. A shot with a small line attacheil will he tired across \oiir vessel. Ciet hold (if the line as somi as possihle and haul on hoard until \ o" n*'t a t.iil hlnck \mIIi .1 t\lii|> or endless line ruse ihriiii;:h it. This tail hluck should he hauled on hoard as i|iiickl.\ as |in^N,li|,' to 1 II event the w hip dl iltillt; oil w ith the set or fouling' with wiccka^e, etc. Therefore. Il \o\\ Iiim' heeii iliiveii into the ii;;^in|.' wheie hut one or two men can woik to advanta^je, cut the slmi \\w and inn it tliron;;|i some availalih' hlock. such as the throat or peak halvards hlnek or aii> hlinl, w liieh w ill atloid a clear lead, or cmmi liet ween the ratlines, that as inanv as possihle iiia\ :i>~i^; in hanliii;;. .Ml, idled to the tail hlock will he a tallylioard. with the hdlowint; directions in i:iii;h>h "W one side and I'leiii'li on the other : " Make the I, 111 ot the iiliick t 1st 111 the lower mast, well lip. If the masts are ;,'(iiie. IIml !■ the hi'st pl.iee \ciii can tilid. Cast oil slmt lilii'. see that Ihe mpe in the hlnek inns tree, ami -:." si;,'iial to the shore."" As soon as \onr si^jnal is seen a three inch hawser will he heiit onto the w hip and h.niN ■! ■■!• .\oiir ship hy the lifesaviiin crew. If circninslances will admit, \on can assist the life savinjx crew hy maiiniu;,' that p. ill ■' \ whip to which the hawser is heiit and hauling; with them. Wiieii tho end of the h.iw.ser is t;ot ini hoard a tally hoard w ill he found altaehed, lieani u '1 follow in;; directKMis ill I',iij.'lish on one side and I'reiich on the other : "Make this hawser fiist about two feet ahuve Ihe tail hlock; see all clear, and thai the 1 ; ■ Ihe hlock runs free, ami show si;;ii:il to Ihe sliciie," Tnhr iiorti, iihir rorr that fhrrc iirr no tnrns of thr irhiii linr round thr hmrsrrjo insiiir »///■'''.( //(/ ind if thr hiiwsir up hitwrru thr pints of thr whip hrforr midinii it fust. Wlieii the hawsei IS made fast, the whip cast oil' the hawser, and yoiirsi^Miiil seen hy llieM. -r 111- crew, they will haul the iiaw.s.'r taut and hy m.ans of the whip will haul oti to > -ni' hieeehes hn.iy suspended Croiii il truvi'ierdtUM'k, w a lifecar from rin^rs, riinuintron the liau~.i. If the hreedu'H-buoy he .sent, let otuMiiaii inimediatel.x ^et into it. thrusting his leu"* Ihioii-M (In ttract iitti'iiiiMii, 'IS •lions in l",iiu'li>l' "11 PACTFIO COAST Pri.OT. grj l.n'cches. Iftlio lifocar, remove tlie liatcli, iilace as many persons into it as it will In.lci ((iv,. or six) and soouro tlio Initdi on tlie outsi.le l.y ti.e haleli-har an.l l,.,oU, si^M,„l .,s Leloiv an.l Die huov or ear will be hauled asliore. Tliis will 1... repealed until ail an- Nunled, ( >n th,. !:.st trip of the iilVcartlie liateli must heseeured liv llu' inside lialcli li;ir. in many iiistanees two men ran I.e lande.l in (!„. h, .j,,,, iHi.,y at liicsame time, hyeaciipnt- linu a lefi tliroiiKl" a legoftiie lireeelies unci lioldin;;- on m tlie lilts (.t ih,. Imoy. Children when l.roufiht ashore l.y the l.iioy should hr in the uniis ..t older persons (U' securely lushed to the Imoy. Women ami children should he lanilrd liist. In sif,'nalin},' asdireeted in the forefroin- instnieticms. it in the day-time, h't on.' man separate himself from the rest ami swin;,' his hat, a handkeiclii..f, or his liamh it at iii-lit, the showiii;; of a li^dit, and coiu-ealiiiK it onee or twiee, will 1... uiiderst I ; and likesiunals will he made Ironrthe sh(>re. Cireumatiince.s may arise, owin;,' to the stivnuth of the enrreiit or set. nf the dan;;cr cif the \weck hreakiiit: uj) immediately, when il w(.uld \ir impossihlc to send (iif the hawser, "lii such a case a lireeehes buoy or life-ear will lie hauled olV instead l>y the whii), or .sent oil' to yon by the siiot line, and yon will be hauled ashoic thiou;;li the sui-f. If your ves.sel is stranded durin;: the iii^hi and diseovned by the patrolman, which you will Liidw by liisburnint; a brilliant red li;;lit. keep a luij,'hl luokont for si},'iis of the arrival of the life- savin}; crew abreast of your vessel. From one to four Innirs may inlervcne between the biuiiiiiK of the liqht and their arrival, a.s the patrolman may have to return to his stalimi, perhaps thiee or four miles distant, and the life- savin}? crew draw the apjjaratus or surfhoat Ihiiiuuh the sand or over bad roads to where your vessel is stranded. r.iKhts on the beach will imlicate their arrival, and the siiuml of caniioii-tirinj; from the shore may be taken a.s evidence that a line has been tired acioss umi vessel, 'fherefoie, npim hearin;;- the cannon, make stiict .search aloll, lore and aft, fur the shot line, for it is almost certain to lie there. Thonuli the movements of the life saving;' crew may not be peici]itilile to you, owiiij;' to the darkness, your ship will be a };ood luai k for the men expeiiemfd in the use of the wreck uiin, an! 1 >'a I l|*^i«* ALPHABETICAL INDEX. Abiilonc Point, !M,Wn. 291. tirariiiK 1*'"* diMtHiH'i' from ruiiit riilirilU)/i'.i!. j;i'OitrrtiiliK'iil iMiHitioii, -'.tl. no millyiiiK . AI'Hott'H IjtKooti.'Jt'.t. AlHT^l. li-ni{th,SS4. oiirrfiits, R?*4. liKlii-liouBc, ru*. rvs.', sti, r>M-,. clmrBrU'r iif light, SS4. urciiiMl limit c.f visibility.. 1X1. Kt-etKrrtpbu'al |ioHitiun,.')>l, iliscovcry of,.'i. ^;i'OKri(|ihical iM>»ltitm,.V'<%, riM-r.SH.'S. Hi/..' .V«. foK'SiKlial.S'W. J(-/iir, (*'ho*, wroik.'2'.t7. .lilirr, stninitr, broki- »rirlior.i*i. Btriimli'il. :«»■.. Ailatnfl Cove. poHltinn. '.'7. illRlioriiKe f'T srimll vesscN, '.C A.lam», Point, 'iT.'.'JTl. lilt. Ill', l.vi, {K. r.7. i:.t. I'VJ. |r,7, IC-i. Aillfrfreek,37.'!. ilUliineefriiiii liiireiii liivor, ■,:7.i. A'lmli^lty Hay, Ailiiiinilly Ilea.l. r.s'.i. cleptli of wnter, .W.i. ftm-horiiKe. -I".*. currentH. ?)*.*. Ailmimlty HfB'l.VW.SW. sitimtiim. rix'.i. lieiuTiil ilcMcrlptliin, S*J. ileptll of wiitir oil, S*.). iiirrcntM. ^s•l. lIlilil-liouH.-, M7, MH. .'il^, Wl, W2. ^-19. ^.O, M'.-W., S'C. .liHrmter<.fliKlit. !>'<''. iiri' iiml limit i.f visibility, WJ. ne<»Krrtpbli'iil position, .^x'J, iimKiietii' viiridtion , Is'.i. IwurliiK itliil ilinliime to rniiil rnrlri.lci-, v.io, Nl-W l>ulli;rll.-s ll^;llt bouse. Point Wilson ln;blb..Mse,.V,in. |-,,nlHinlbi'rllbiir, ytl. Point N,. Point Hk'blboiH.', '.' slnire lino to Point l"iirtiiili!e, v,»). A.lmimlty Inlet, sm, '.2^^W^,V17. .V!h,.W, MS, 5'J0,Vjri,r.r.l,'-.>,r.-.", , Meraltleseriplliil^SftH. s ..>re-line,5SH. lmrlMirH,.'iiw, ■llseovery of. .'iSD. fourBo np, V.1I, Auilte Pa-SSBKe. I'oBsesslon ,'S.inn(l, l'.ill,iJVi. lulj. AuentB, Pmllle .■oii.st. sale .if eburts.ete., ;;. AKiitlar, Martin de, cited, :Wi. Ahincnf 'reek,. TIT nillne for Wilson's t'ri'ek, oH, Aitls to iiiiviKUtioii, laws for tin- protertion of, t'>,'>3, .\ir iiloiii; the sfii-boanl, tempiniliire of, 'J,!-'). Aliiinetla. 17.;, ,MHniieiit lliver, foliiiiibiii l:ivi'r, 1'">.'1. Alamos aiieliorai;e,Saiila < rn/, Nlaiid.Ss. Alaska. '<,.rj), .l/.iTl depth of water on. 17 !. danger, '>7.'l. marked by a buoy, 17:i. , . , ^., ,„.arinBsand.b.m.u.c.stoneiKhbotim,-"b|eels,.„4, anehora>;i,'i7:!. eiirrents over, '>7,'t, cr>o ■ fr.iin Aleatraz Islmiil, ISO. or«ia,17:i,57H. ;; i I r,6o INDKX. 11 111 ^'' ki • P M.liT crwk.l II Al.liT<'rfok <'.iluml>iii UlviT, imi. Alil.rCnMk M.>unlMlii,IHl. Alfinn«lrr Nltiii'l "WiLIVnl Iwrtnii^ uihI iliHUinto from HmIi llt-H>l *^'l I><"<|M1. ti.ni IhIiiikI.'-iM. l All< n Hunk, niiikr UIhikI. IIIJ. lill. '^I'< ili'l'tli >'t whUt un.'ilj iiiu-)ioriiK<\>'irj. rdrnMiN. '«1 J. ln-l|. i.lJ .Vllcli I'lOnI, V'".!'*"!. on -iiitilhi rii rii'l iif Crtliiiinii IslrttwI. twiii .l.t-p wiilt r .ill.iv«i. Mm-vj« liny. Ill liiui Kirlli xiili'. 411. ANoy.i l'i'«k. II.', II 1 l.iii.lfiill fi.r AlM'Vii UiviT. 11^ AliMVB liiviT. .W.. 4'f<, 111-", till. II 1, )K*nriMK iiimI •liHliinif from ('ii|m- I'l-rixMiiit, II". roiVNt-ltnc fr.-rii *'»\ir I'lTlM-tim. II". ti\iii'.' |<. Si'nl Mull. III. poiiii.* tii'iir I'litrHiH <'. Ill, «;l|H- l".T|..lllll. III. Yit<("i<>>* ll'i'' l"ioy. 111. ireoi;r«|>hi<-ftl |M>*ition of iiitMitli. 111. .I.|ili of wm4r i'll. II.' iHiMllnll, 11.'. .ouMliiir to S<'nl rooka. l\2 All« " iilifoniiii, n.:'i'.. i> Aiii>.-,.|i;i l.i.iuil. t'>. |■.l.■«l.•il.VJ.•>.^,v.,v..^7.|■.T.|•.•'.'^T,■«,•.^^ ili-««ril)icl «: -I. h\ ilroKriipliy, >^l. kfl|>, M. BiirhoraK*'. ''-I. Iltll'l fall. ^l. Ke"t;ruijl 1 |K»-iliot). ''^^l. IM-H'iu^:^ i»"». ••hiiriirtrr «if Nolloiii, '.«. nirmil. '••*. .\n»lwitn. -C. 4". .\iifi)i«'iiii I'rei k. ;W. AlinlicH" I.HtiilMiti tifH.TiU-il, 4".'l*V rfft*rt"n f tit iH-rti-i.ij. !•• no 'luiiniT". fp. miiliorui,''-. •". IikIiI ^Itowii whiMi HlfiiiiHrHur*- fi[H«t i»mI, M\. r<"ft'rrnc<^ to toiIiT rtml iiiufr liuo.vn. irt. ili'pth i<( witt»Tut out«T huoy. .'C l{»*oKniphi<^*l |Mi^itiori of lM»ii*'oii. :t7. niiMim'lic varmtioit -IT. * li.lf.. n. rrr. l>f»rl"Kfro!n unchorftKe nt "^rtii I'l'-lro, :'ti. rcfcrencr to ptwfll ill wmtrr. IT. .Vt)i'h4irti|{i>, .\himiHi. Santa I rii/ NiHO'I '*'^. ,\ltM'rt. *^intrt t'rn/ Ntan V\ llliili.l M2. n.-l.-Kii Hay r..'. Moni't.i C.iVf. 17h. Itoiinrlary llay.Sr?. Ililrrnril Inli-t, .'Wtl. Hiirro«« liay. VkI. C.irm. 1 Hay. I.TO. * aApiii . .'"v'S. 4 'alallria NUnil. 7**. i'.itl.ini\a Covn, tM. t'lHTty Vall«-\ . ';^^. Aiirli(>rAK<*.i'l)('tko, .tiil, .VtJ, rlilni'ir tlurlMir. wi. Cliiiikaitiit Ikiy. ^71. tliMinMlli'. 71. 71.71. <'»M'liir»« l'rirto'«..'*7 •*'<. 4'olvoH l'a»4f»at;t'.t.l'*. 4'omnii-ni iMniMit ll.iy.llHt, Cornioraiit Hay.Vt7. (•o\o..M.r,|. fri"«,cnl I ity Hay, li"!. II'.. l>akhi'>« Cove, '«'). I>ay iHlanil. ivjn, I'raki ■■■. llHy. I'.n. |)rlmjslovc,74. Dilnio I'oyi', 4^. DiiilMirv Point. Itr.V Ijinl I'n'I.Hanta I'ril/ Ixliiiiil. "1. -7. I''airwii>' rlianiii'l. ft''7. I-'lthrnnan'-i c ■o\ i-. .tii. Fort l!o«». ■.'■>■,. Jiio, .'i.-i. Konrlhor .Inly. 7S. tlnyiolH. f'l. Half M. ..HI Hav. I'lT. Ila\f'n<«, JIVi. Ilay«la' k lio. k . II". 11 la llta.l. IHH. llo»lal"l'<.7'<. Ilni.lcr "I'.ivc, :«>'.>. latllinii* t'ovi', 7S. 7>'. ,!olnin«ni'« l.«'i'. '^2- .ToliiiHon''* ICitin-h. 7>*. Lacuna. ''I . I.illlc IliviT llarlMir, J"2. I.uniiiii Nlanil, 'u\^. Mai-k'p*. Wk.. Matol.- Hivi-r, HH. Malu^ii I ovc. 17. Nnnaiiiio UarUir, .^Mti. Nf.-«liH«y..V.'J. Noyo ltiyiT,i'11. Point \'aHlioii, til I. I'ort Hlakfly, >.l". I'lirl (lainMr. n.r.' Port Difonl, .17i'i. Po»», '>'<. >".'. Priwincr'- llarlior. V., wi. Pyraiiil'l Cove, 7-*. 7;i. 74. lto>o. .'Trt. .San Hiii'nxrntnra. M, V.,%7, San I li'ini-ntc Nlainl. 7\7. •"■. '•7. Sli*"*' itiMlaiii'c rniin Uik Wliilr Ifock, 'J*/! rtit ks il»(t(' miiU'r llii- HlMirr. '-".'''. liyilri»Krn|t!iy utV, '_"/.». liiilch, JtifkaHM, 2'f,i. \ii.lci' iif HutiT uii, iv:;!. ininif!* f»>r. ft'-M. \iiil<-r<«(.'-'i'>,2.1'.i.'JII,JIT 1.,'iBlll, l«.l. iippiMntnrt', K'l. iitilitiiry pott. lH.t. i|,lH|-|,'.'|i-i,2m.'.M4 il.-»lTil»Ml. Itil. lurrontK. Iti;. liiMii'on, l'«i. hourin^ atnl iliitani'i- t* E'"iirt I'liint liulit-liouti' Aliatni/ l-lanil IikI'IIi I'.lai'k I'oitit llaK'ilall. I'n-iiiho ?ihuul liuoy. I" l*V iintc 111!. j^ravrl thoul ni'ar. I«i'i ilaiiKi-riniHal tnin-«. Is7, \iiiia- ltH,\ . Iloiiil r. iani»l,i.;!<'i. il,.siillHil.r.ir.. j;«-in;iapliii'al powUion (Vlt'i. Aim Nnrvi) Arroyo. I I'.l. IVi. Mill Nui'vo I'oinl. III. I.r>,l:lii. I :: l:!x. Ii:i, I IT. I I'.l. I'm. 1^1, 1'.:!, l.'.l. Vntiiirh, 17'.:. ppli- CiiV" I'oinl. V.17.VH. \pplo Tret'<'oVf,i'i(t!. liifttiiiK ilittHini- from I'oint \o runit.i'Jl."!. ili'B.ribfil.i'iiU. ill pill of wiitiT.iin:!. iiniliiiritm'.t'itKI. nainfii.tH';!. \pton<'rfi'k. ICi. Aplot l.anilinK. 1 1d. iiiotiriiiK liii'*yi, 1 111, Anil Inn' Ki'cf. I'aiialili- llaro. 'vlH. Aiiii.li'ila I'oinl. IJ. Ar.a.le lloli-l .Sunla Mi.niiK> l.onllii.irk, 47. Arrailia, I'liKt-'l ■''^omnl. tV-'n. Ariiitn. -ai. formerly I'niunlown. t'-"'. liu'Dliun. :ij'.i. m'in*ral lU'ti ription. :t-'.'. \rialii ( 'lianni'l, .'{■_'7. markfil liv mi\ licaiiiiit. :t_*7, m-ln'riil iii->.criptli)n of, .1^7. Xicalii Wharf. :Wi. Uih < apr. III. 4I^. ilHlain'i' from Capi' I'alrnli. III. iloHi'rlla'il. III. • Ii'plh of wuti-r otr, 411. ilallKi'm oir. III. Anlii-il Uotk.'rv'i. M.lii«. I'oint of. r.lll. Anil li.luiiil. Capr l;li/uli.-lli, t'.^. imnii' for Haft Itoi k. I'.iTi ilimrilxil, r.ITi Kt'uKraphU'al po.sltlon, 4'.T>. Anil, Mack'-, a'i7. ir..l. .Ii'il. in;-,. ,'!i-,(), .'im, .171 Ari'h lloik,.'Ni. :w. .'M, :m, klliiHii at Kin Km k,. -111. ili'scrll.i'il. :ls|. ilaiiKi'rH, :i>l. lii'urihKanil ilitlanw from Capii Orfnnl llKli|.liiMii«',,'Wl. Ill'iKllliorilii; riitk-i, ;iHl. tiniki'ii nick near. ;iNl. Anil Itnik, Aiiaiapa lshinil,x.i lIl'MTlhl'll, >v'i. Ki'nuraplili al potiliim. «:l liniriiiK'i anil (li.lan.fs fmni. -:!. Anil linik, I'oinl (irinvillr, Ivi, (..17. In-iKliI, IVI. nick'* illtilll* of, |v9. lifptli iif Matrr arnuiiil. h'.i. Kt'oprapliit-iil potjljoi). I'.Hi. lu'iiriiij,' uimI ili-laiMc 1,1 liitirnilion Itlaiiil, I'.iii. .laiiM-t Inland, I'Hi. ( armll lili'l. I'.m. liniy'M llarlior. I'.nl. I'api- Hisiippoinl ii. I'.m. rillaiiiiiok lioi'U Imlii-liimti'. VMi. Viiiiuina Ui'ailt liKlit-lioiiHf , 4'.iU. Anh limk. roini SI. (o(iri;c', :|.'>L'. kiiuwii aH Wliitc Uin-k.3-VJ. ti/.i'..(."i:!. lllHllUlct! frnill I'liilil SI. (M-iir;;i-.:i.'>'_', ■iiijill roiktanil fmil liroiiinl intnli- of. ;'-*il'. appriiriun I- from ii ili-tam i- :.'i-'. An li K.Hk,.Saii Kramitio liar, l^.' I'*';, l<7,-'l I . -''J 1 , L' J', ili-ti-rilii'il. IS7. liroxnnity ilaiii;i*rmis. H7. Iioltmii rm k\', l'»7. inrri'iitt. Is7. liiarinK ami iliMahci- lo Alcalriiz I.tlim.l I.i«lil-hou«i-, IH7. l-'orl I'oinl l.iulil-lioiiHf. 1^7. I.inii- I'oint Ioi,'-wlii.illf. I ■^7. I'ri'siilio Shoal, |t7. Shai; liuik.l'.7. Saiiiclilo Wharf, 1^7. Anh l;iii'U,Tillani(ii>k lliail. tlli. U.h Uiiikt.l'hn'i', III. lifi, |.!r.. .Ui'iiafovi', '.'ri'.i. St'arin^' anil ili-tann- fnmi I'oint .\rena I.ii;ht-liiiuti','Jli'.i. iuirliorai4i' for Miiall vcsiclt. .'i-'.i. ^iitikrn riiikt. '.;il',i. • I( pill iifuMlcr, Jii'.l. -nii'll. ■Jrti. Iirrftki'rt. "JiV.*. H harf. 'Jii'.i. niiiorinut. '_'i'.ll. • Inilr, Ji.'.i. town Mt'iir. -711. I'lia-l Siiivry ttrtlion,'_'7t'. Ki'iiKraiihn-'al potilion, -711. liyilrnv;raph.\ . "JTii. Anna. I'olul, l^^ lliri. Jii2,JJ:!.JI7.'iV.i.l.'r.J,i'.l,'J(V'i,Ji;i-.,'Jli7,'-'iW,'JiW.'.'70, ■J'v'i.:''.Mi,nil.:!lN:ll.i. \ri{ilt'llo l.aniliiiK. la'arinn ami ilinliim'i' fnnii Ihr lispmlii, hU. liKiiliiiii of wharf. Inl. twill iiin.lilii'.l l.y U.-lp, nil. insUiii-Iiunt for t'liti-ritiK. h'l. AruuclUi. I'oint. l('i..'>7.i.ii. In. '.I'l. H»i, Iii7, II I. I'-'n. I'Jl. li'i. M-l. .li-i.Npi , ttcaim-r, wnH'ki'il,2i'iil ,\rtnas,ranaihnlf las l^i Army I'oinl. 'Jl-.'. Ji:!, -'I''. '-'li'. .Irii/ii iia.stl'ani-^hip,'!. .Vnu'tport l.limliiiK, I'll*, wharf, IV.i. n'ff, irv.i. niiiorniK tiiioyt. l-'i'.i. ArrinHlon. Mount, ml. Vrniw Itivi-r. :iiil. Anow-iuilh,iili-il.7ii,lii;. Arniyollnlmli- town). Iii7. Arroyo. ,\rni Nmvo. I I'.l, I. 'Hi. (h'l Tom. .'i'.l. (Iranih-. Iin'i. (iMi I'laio. liK'i. .San Viin'i'nli'. I''". Santa Mnniia, Id, 47, H. Sinil, Ml. 'n' 1 ii i / G6'2 INDKX. ^•■: iM ■pi ^ * 'I ^ ;«: UN Anvnulnii, I'mlrc ilv In, nn. .\<|>lmUiiin Kii Smii MIk'X'I ■•IaixI. 01. AKliriik. (111. |i,i. ii,| ir/i. iM'iirtDK unit illntitiiro froiii l-'ort Sti'ii'itw, Ifil, Ki-ounipliu-rtI |ttiMitiuii, 4**2. I'lutrl itKt'itl. 'I. A»lor I'Miiil, im. .(.veiTcl l.y A-ic ;», 461. *oliinH'r»>i«, 4t'l. cIllllllH'l, ift\. riKk< In, 41.1. AlkiiiM.ii. I'l.lnl. ^■<.t. Auli.k, Cii.tnln, I'.M N., To, Alll'' I'll. Kill)'. Iv.), .\\ Ilia, I'lip*', :i7i. Avilu K... k.ll'i. iH'itniiK uTiil (IhIaiici- from Wlinlrr InluiiJ, llli. H|i|>('iinuiiT, Uti. Aril* t.AMr.ltlK. .\vulti .IiiHu ill'. I iieil.'.'Is. .\yrrM I'uiiit. IIikhI 4'Hiiiil,r>:(lt, AoiHu llllln, UC>. II. IWinOilnli roinl. Nci'hIi IIkv.VJI. Vil. l>ii<*Mi(>r iirnr, '»JI. llnclii. A, l> .furimr Su|h riiili'inU iil I'. ^. )'ua«t Wiirvi y. reffrcim 1.1.7. Ilailio, Moiinl.lr. li.V. llBiliy I'liint, 4.11. 1 1 ■. • Ii~tiii.li rrohi l.ni'ii llill TillitlniMik lUy.l.Li. llMllllirlllKI' NlHII'I.Cilfi. ii<'.i, i.lll. ili-».riliIiuii)>iu Kivcr.lV), li-.i. iup. ir-T. 4tiy, 471. Miimtiikii. I'*!'-!. il.-fH'rilM'il.i.v.i. li'M.liiiK 111 I'liitr. IVi Ilfr-Nrtvilit; flAtlMd I'.'.*. Ital. hi I'li.-iim- Till' .\Hrrow»,("ii;.r.23,MI. Iiijlit f..r.i,.'l. lli.l.l Hill, J^', isu. I'jklil Uli ta. I ape Jtihiiaon, SOS, IS06. Iliiiil Mmiii,Iiimi. Il'i liHl't INiti' .Miiiiiituin, ivt. Ilal.l IVuk ITI. lii-iui.i ;ri iiitiuii) tiiiuiiv 'n. IIhM Piak ('Mirviu Ulaiii^VA. Ilal'l lIlilKi- Km. Ilal.l T..1. Mi'iililiiiii. I.'''. Ilnlln>.t r .lul 17, 1... I'.i, I'll.?.', it.S). various ii.inirw fur, 17. >Ii..hI .Ii-.. nU-.l l« I'.i. llHllai-l I'liiiil s||,,n|.Haii Hirgii Iliiy.'.M, '.'(, IImIIi iia.. I!ay l'.'l, IV.', SC. ■-••■I. Milimtii.ii. l'.'l. •.iitraixf , r.il. r.i.ky niM.t ill, lyl. Iift*-«a\ tti>f nlatluii, I'.ll. l.iK.y.l'.il. S|iHtii-li iiuliirn rji. Ilnlli'iia' I'liilil. I'/J. I'J.) 'i)IS. I'll. il.iTllMNl. I'.C t>eartittf*iiil iliitancc tu I'liint llrvpn liKltt-hoiiiH'. I'.i.l. S K I'uralU.M liKlll-liuiiM, IWl. inmiry lUt-t. I'..l. I'oilit lluiicla IikIiI-Iioiim', IU3. Haliiiiia f 'rpi'k ami TA((oon, 47. liiilliiiioii' Iti.ik .-I.'. iM-ariii^ ill 111 ili-«i;iiii-t* frittii ('a|m (ircKory liKht-huuae, 3Vt. lIl'M-Tlltl'il. .'t*.t^. ili'|itli iif Matcriiriiiiiiil. ;CJ^ It' ill I mar I . -tiHIniT. imiik. ;fjfi. liaitila I'l'int Tuilii.* ,'^uitoB lliiy), 12. Ilaliiliiii, t.inil, .fjii, :!'Jl. llauk. Allien. ^7I,S7'<. Allrn,r.l2, G13,6l». C'liae'a, (Vl.'l. Calln». MJ, VH, .VM, Ml. Klnlia. f\.*7. Ili>a>li'i. Wl. ili'i'i'ta iin. lOH. Illiiki|i,l'd. Miilitlr W'l. , rartriilifi*, .VV'I, ItolnTla. S7'.l, Mi, Saliiiiiii. VM. .'^paiiinli. ^a.'l. Mliinfi'iui, V.I, .'Wl, WJ. Tiilii. nm, :iiii|. W'rut ». rjS'.l. liar IIiiiiiU.l,li.,il7,.tJI :L'l.;i.11,3:i.'i,:tl»,:i4;i. San I'raiii-iiM-.i, 1V\, |i',ii. .'lift, '^aii l>li'Ki> Itay. ilrMcrtlaMl, Is. iiiiniiiiitr. h: Itailniiir'n .^lulmniKi' ilrw iiIm'iI,'.);. ki-l|i aliillK till' .iliuri' '.17. liar. Ii.y x..iiiiil. Mx. Hare Hill. ncri. Iu'IkIiI. 1i>7. •Ii'«. rl|illi>n, 1117. Ilari. Ulsiiil.t'ahiil ,(ur.i,iul, UaiiKcr nil'. li.'U. ail. liiiraKi' nvar.<>;^i. Ilattin ll.i.k..T7ri.:i7«. Ilailiry I'.iiiil. .117. 14'.). Ilalti'ry I'.iiiit. Iliinaniiiili flay. i>li7.niM,i',|il.i°il 1,01;:, i; ill".. riU'.l li"7 ai>p.'iiriiiiri' at a iliHlalici', (.417 aiH'lioratri' tvc lieariiiK anil ilislani.t' to I'oint l'iilly,riii7. roiiil N'liMluin.lUC. Kf.toniti.in l'.>iiil,IXI7. Wc»l roliil,0U7. IIkIiI.6U7. Ilay. Ailniiralty.SW, Miuya. 111. \ iinaa, . llakim. W IVl, 4i',i), IC7, li-.'.'.47l. Ilallviiaa. I'.>l, 1'.I. Ik-rliiT. Santa Kihm Ulaiiil. im.'.ll.tl'.', W. lt.'..lior,W.t. ll.'llirmliBin,v,9,.%7ii, vm. Hlr.li..'.74.%7^. II...U'Ka, IHii, l'.rJ,'.'f<.i'.l,i"il',31l. Ht.llirf, Ml'i. » 'iirinoraiit. ■VS7. .%72. (■rt■»l.•l■llt.^.•^).^.'<■. Cn-Hiiiit ('ily,:)|i' i42,»4.1,S51, I'liUiii. W". l>al«>i',''i'.'y. 'm. IH•^>artll^•.'l•«■l,^''". lii'n.'arso. 12 linik. ■», 11.1 l'.«i. I'.>:I.2;14,3'j4. |iimiair".'-i'i,'liil,ii"2. l>ilwaiiil!.ll.*iilft,0*lft. i:iiioit». law. i;iii{ii»ii.'>*i. KntifriiK, 1 l.'i. Kui^bavt'll,.^TI. I'nliii', in, l7,'27,:to. PlilalKU, IWM. iNin-.x. (;i;3 rtll,6IJ,f.ll.tii\ liny, Vlalirrnntn'M, ^lU.I'H. Krt»li Wulir.Wcl. «iriiy«. Iia.lk";. (Irilllii.VM. iiiiir MiHiii.m;, iri'.i,'ji7. tIrltlll.lUI. II iM,iiit,m,'j.T.<,'j.'ii,ni'.i,3'.n!,:i.:;i,;i!ir.. Iniill.'VM. liMliiiii.:l77. K.Kw:wl,:p.i|. :!'.«, 'WT, li«'. I.iiiiinii.r)4<<.).n7l. MriiihK imi. 'J"! , 'JH.1, JVi, js;. Mdliliiry. Ill, IIJ. IM, ir,H. gi'loTHl frntiir«"4, 1 12. Hilxl Kn|>. 1 1-. InirlKir of. Ill KfOKriij'tiii III )>ii>4tliiin of ruxtdin-tiMiiMtv 111. Ililf«, I II. Iiiw'li. Mt, Hhnri'M or. 111. Iiinilinut. Ill.iri. IMi.117. nhiitvi"-. HI. IPNlnlt'tlHltH {*>T VOHHflrt, 114, Mi.rrii III., Mii.l,.-v77. Miikkiiw.M"..'.ll,riir,..VJI. .Miiliny..'i'.il. V.»r>. NillllilN. I 1.1 llii. Ni'.-iih. iRll. MJ, .Mil. .117. M'.l. Ml. ,'r.'l. Ni'«liiKBiili. IJ". NfW IhiiiKi-liiH" ri».i..Vll. Np«|iorl. 11. III. lIcArrilii'tl. '11,^1^. N.irlli.:l'.'M. uiik.Mil.Wil, Vj,%. ilni.lVj:!. iisiriih.i'iiifi. liysliT, i:u. i'iiiiinii..v.i.r,',i.i. l-i.llim.'jvl. I'lirry.M.'i. I'.ilil.r.Mri. I'fli.'iiii,i7,:i7ii. :n7. I'liii-, i.f.'JIT. HmM'iiliylli. . I'.'.!..'-!!!. litntci'iif.'Vil. Kii liilr.lHcin''.. Wl, U..yi«l.Mr. '.IT. .Mnlniiiii i''».. San Di.-Kii, rj, lil.lW. I.tir itl rlilrilMro, l>l. liitiMlrlmrl.:7. .Sim Kmii.H.i>...r. Iiil.l'i-. rn. Cloiili'ii Hull' mill ilH i. 170. Ihfli.ii.N.if. it:, llif .liiin .< mill MiliiiK III. 17'J iIhuk'T^ iimiilt' tin* l'nr of. l<'i. iliuiKi-rM ill tlu'ii|i|.roui! ?. In lln- liiirnf. -'ii.'l. lmoy I' of |.i liiiU'^i, l"T. Kt'onntl.liit- |io?.itl».ii, Ii'T. Hhiipi', Ii"^. clmrm-K'r of iiliorf, UK Irfiiil of ..liori-. liw. liyilroKlapliy. In.*. Ml. ililllKiTs, lil«. llRi. 11". Miilliiiic, MJ. I.ri'liiiiliiarv rliail. III. imiiii il III.' I'ai.i'iia.lii liouui. Iiy Vi/.iailio, 113, San I'alil.i. ITI. IVi, JJT.ilT. Jl-.'ja'.i.ilil,:.!;., Sail I'l-.ir... 'J'.i. ;i.'i. :ir.. :I7.77, ^1. rifuri'iiii' lollii'.liM'ovirv of, 1 1. Han s on, ir.i. l-.ii. IL'I. Stiiiliiratiiliiia, 'J'l, .«1. santii Mohi.n. 'j'.i. 1 1, n, |r,, i'.i..'in,.^|,«:i. s.iil.i-, k ,r..li.ii:il.iV|il. .siiiiialiiiii. riT.'i, sliiMioIr, mi-.. sliiialwal.T. 'J:!.!. 11:1. I VI. |,V.l. HW, 17:'. |v.l, I'.iJ, •,!«,.',.,<. Sicilian, Illi".. skauil i;n.'. sirau hfiry. ^im. sni. ■..JT, -.'I... nil, nil. aik, fill, Mil. l;r,, I.'I7, II:. Ull. ■|'iiii..i,i.:i. ■I'.iilo- Smi|..». II |>oinl» in, U. T..nml.«, HI, mi, I'.iJ, :ii.,i,i'iii,iM. ■rriiii.lml,:i'JI,:UJ.:«l. Tiilali|i.i'.iai. r^t'Ir...*. V.Ki,5..l,s, VllllH!l-..V||-i, \Vilnli|.«liT. I"l. Iilj, litl. WoII...IiiI.i.:J. Y..IIIIK-, ml. Hi.aion H. •if, Simla l!..-ii Mmiil, yi,flil,91. .l.'...Tiii.'il.;«i. Ilea. Ii.l'latw.).. I"'!, I'.l. 171. Mmki'y'..J'.i7, 'r.n Mill' liiviT. :'.«!. Hiali'. I 'aiH', ?»;!.<. lli'iU'i I'oinl.i'.r.. lli'ar('riM.k.;«i. lirnr llarl.or l.mi.liiiK. :i"', l.rariiiK mill .hi^li.nci' Irolil I'.'inI l>.'li;ata, :tlH), ( api' Vi/.iuliio,;UK). wlimf. mil. miiiki'ii roik, :li«i. liydronrapiiy oil. ;iiiii. Uonriiini-. liim i-.\iin-.*il, '.'. llrnr I.ivir. :llil, Iti-av.r Trvek, 11'.'. ili..lali.r iVoiii Yai|Miaa ItiviT. IIJ. m-ouiiipliuul pMHilion, IIJ ll.av.T I'. mil. ■J^'V ■-■''T. l..arlnKali.l.li~laia'.' fr..lii rollit Calirillu, J^O. II 'I U.. il.....* iin.l.'r. 'J..i">. 11, ,h.r r.ay, v.i, 'hi, '..1. '.ij, ■■',i. lull- ■■-'. II,, It,, 1.1 l-l.l.-. \ali. V. r Wan. I. all. ill-.-. li.T Hay. Van. ..iiv.r l>laii.l. Ml. ..iltiatioii. Til :. ,!,■., ril... I '.II. inhanii', 'ill. alii'liorai;!' not fc'i ".I. ''I'- lliaaliy. III...1.17II. 171. ITl, IT". IT'.'. Isn, Iv.'.l^l. !>s. |..':l- ili-iriln.l.'-li. .I.'plli ..f WMl.i-..ir,'.i:l i;i..i|;lapliiJ i I 'lillS II('1rHlN iiiK •litii|{i-r«/.JS, liflli< U.iil.,l(.i».iii..Mti»ii v.; v\|. ilioliti.ii' rioiii lliril l(<>ik«,v.'^ ciiiriMiH HriiiiiKl, ^*>-l. tl< |'.i. .1, « ril«-.l VII. If! KuriM'lili'l |>oiillluii.%TO. iiitt 1itHirnll. N'l. Il«lliiii{luiiii, I'. .It VII, ^TI. lU'lti) til. |>I1>>1 ri'KlllHtllillM. thtV*. lU'iiiirll 1'. nil 'It '.'i.'.'T Kriiliiiik UIhiiiI. Viiiiiniiiir IkIkiiiI Ml Isr.Md. ll4'nMi • I.hiiiil. ViitnrU llntl... I.Mr M.I. Iikilil*1ti>ti»4' on, it'J. H»-rliilvy l!.-«f.:". In'ili'dli '.'■•". Ih uriui! itlxl ili»tnilir to llriH.k'n l«liinil.2.T. r,>iiil UtilM I \t hiirf 'i-T Aliiilrii/ l>l.iii•.. U'iittii>: Kit'l rli;Ailil, .1i>^. I rtrk riiUr* ul. ^1'*. i.li) ..i« 1.1 1. In « vi«.lil. nr.. ^(■iitcriiiitiii It) jHmili.'li. .*if». IllNKIK'lK' ^H^illllon .al^ (xiH»t Inif It. I'lilitit lii.rUn. ^kA. hyilrnKmi'liy off, >rt. kI. ■it.-. -SI. crrtk iiilrriiit;, '.!■'<. •iilikrii r... k ..iil-lil..,2>il. u. ttit' u).).roiicli. ^"^t. JtlifUtHK*' ««>,-■"■. dr|iOi o1 witlrr, 2^1. nil! l.;iKOoii :i|.i. i.|lu.ili..ii. .illl. hi/I-. M". Iltiliul' niiiiu- f.ir, ^»|il. IliK llinr Jvi IliK KivT I.r.Ii^ltnK. J*!. uik Willi.- Km k. ■-"Xi. v.':. SW. ~>.i. bv*r injl i*H*l tlinlHiic* from l***iil VaIU y. T/7. I'uliit ( ulinllii, A>7. liy.lt..Krill.li.N i.ir. ■."/?. m^iii. " BIN- 1 irfoni, X";, Jan. Klv.-.Mllr.'.i'J. TyUr. V7. IlihU-r I'onit Ij.li.linK. 2»V1. !«■ iniiK "I"! ilUluiicv from lliir»c>ili"e I'l.liit, 'JiJ. il.-Mrii..-.l,aii. lir«'i»k»'rm, 2f*i nw.ll.'i.l. lii'M.rliiK l.ui.yn, ;^'*t. ilaiikiroii" ill Willi! r. .'1.1. Kf'.KlHl.lii..ll) |io..illuii, L'rVl. .Ii'llll ..r water .'>'>.l. iHitliilu. 2IVI. Illrcli lliiy (iiilf of i.i-.irKm, 'ifiS.STI, r,;n, r,77, 57S. tlr«7^. ilintttiKi' from I'oiiil Wliilclioni, Vi. ftlX-llolll^M'. !^~\ lilR. ..\ fry of. ST5. tiiilni H fwr. :t'.\ nirci l!o< k Ntlitiiiis<'.ivi-. 7«. 7'J. 1*1. UlrJ lUwk.l-uiiit Ml ('tiuriic.;i5l.3&.l,:iH2. Illril llok. known itaWlilli' lliMk. ni. il|<|.ruriiliii' (roiii i*i-it,:Lil liiiirii.K Hii.l ilHIiiiii'i' from Ml llrnrKi" Itirf Until h.niliiv IM ■ mull 1 .N k« ni'iir. LM. k. Itiiui.iii lluer .'.'•'• IllrtI ItiK k.s.in I iii.iilii.|.irl< knonii k« .-i ill lio. k lln ■ iiiiki'ii nil k iit'iir I III III U< Klllirilril iltculll.*! Ill ll|i|iroiii lilllK riHitio I. tin. I. n^ /.'m^../i, i'li|>|H-r iilii|i. 7". Ilmlioli Uo.k.l'orli'« Hunk. Il.i',li.<.>l,<.in. Ui-oi;ril|.llirill |>o>*ttt tV.I. I.rrilk^ lirii% ll> . 7ll Hitlinirn. on .Nin Ml^in-I IhIiiiii1,.>|. Illltrk [.ilitiiil. |i<'|.urliiri' lkiy,&<7. lllKt'k Moiintiiln. li'.J. I'.<. i;riiurii|itiii-iil t'o^tlion, liW. lllHik I'oiiil. 171.17:. 177, Hi, lnl.ls:, lv..JI:l,Jir..::i.. I. iliiu -mil 1^1 wli.irf 1^1 iipiM-iirunrr III ni|;)it. 1^1 ill pill of niiliT oil. I>l. IwuriUtf mill iliHliiiiii' I.I I'lirl I'olnl lidlil-liiiii"<.. 1-1 Viiilii Koi k. I>l. l'ri.-l.lio •>lio«l l.uiiy. IKI. Aloiirn/ Miiiiil IikIiI. I"I. Norlli I'.ilul. l-l. Illnik ltiil|{i', 1711 lllni k liiM'r. (Iriiy'n lliirliii. I-.I. Illii.klo.k ( liil». :vi, llliii k!i»k I an.lliiK, '.^~. nniiki'ii iliiiiKiTN. :i'^i. winirf, .Wi. iiiiHiniiu liuiiy, ^L'M. Illnckloik I'oiiil, :. -i/e. lil- lieiirini! mill ili-ltiii. e fnnii lii -li.rilion r..inl, i.l;;. illn liorilKe. l.i: lll.lkely lulilnil. MIriill of rmn. M.J. 'ir.l, VVV ileM-rlln*!!. .'►'.'. ■ U'|.l li of wiili'i iironnil, Wi. I urri'iitii. .''ii»'». tinehoruKe. ^•»^ ri.ek.* oil. 'i«>'i troll ffiiiiiillo on riM'k olV. VV^. lUiikely. r.irl. .v.i\i<«. r.lii. Illilkely lii»k. K.iKle llarllur, i^M ili|illi of water 011,11".' Iltnlli-u I Hi.!', I'.UTH. [IIkiii-u Heef, ;-1..'W». Ulttiik Hoek, ;>.ll, HI. !»• :!iH mill ili"lalii e Iniin Trlnlilail lleuil til. IikIiI lioll-e 111 ii.:- . .t.l ileplli of water aronnil. t-t-. Miiall 10. k ir. 1.1-' IK, \eiM-l -lioiilil BO iniiiili' of. .1.'. llloK-om Itoek.l"-'. l'.7, l-». l".i.:"Jl. -•■-"<. ::n ilu-t rilN'il. l^-. eurreiilH. I-*.* to Iw aviilileil I'y lariie ve.»el». Kl linoy. I'^■' lH-uriii|t iinil.lt-tanee to Vimel NUinl. 1»" M.iiira' l"laiiil liu'i' '"" hill, k I' 1 IliiK -'""■ ''■" Tel.i;ra|.li Hill, 1—. Vellill lluellll liKlil. !■'■' nullle'll'V II'»ilM'r. .v.ni, v.ii,v.i"i, v,iT,i'iJ"<,ii."i,n-ii,ivtj. Ulliiili'ia. ;iiii. I.nlil ll'.l.lll. Iliuli ;ill. Il""w.'ll, "iKT. MllUIHillll. Iil'7. I'M, I. mil' I'.iiiii 171. Ilvl l.'l,.iJ.l,.IJI. HmM mil. ii'.i.iM, inj,r<. Mi-iil, li«. HliHriiK, l^t. •jiiiilf, :il..e.'.:iJ7,.fJ'<. Y<'lll.l'.i",'Jli'i. i:iiiiil . ili'il,:)|-J Kl ri.ini, Kl, Jl'.l. lilMiif- Hfi-f. ;ii". ill, :il''. .llil, il".. I.IH, :livs, lli>iil> liiirlHir III!'. lill lliiut liilMliiitf iM'iir i'urtlvvi'll ritiiii. '.C. no iiii>-K(ir>iuf.'.i7. HimIi'kii > ilr" l'nin(i«iii .li. Ill I iii'.l J11 ■.'•il 'At, Till, ail.:!.' ■Vni. ISi'i, |:ifi III. ffj. 1111. I'M \'i- lloili-Kii liny, l'«i,l'.>'.',UiiT,.'l'<,:'il,.'i.' Ill, NltUllli4)l).'J.^J. wiillli.'J.VJ Mliiiri'M. JVJ. riM'k.4 .lit ftli«>rt',?,^_'. .Ii'lilh .if H illiT. J'iJ tltrlKiniKC J.'iJ. .hlliKiMH.'J,'!.' \i ,irliinK^ when i-olninu fnilii Ihr ■^..iitli. S>:i. \i'lii-r<- ti> itiR'llor ill u'liiti'i , J.'il !,.«« J.-.,l, < oimt survry Htation. _VM ^I'o^rupliM'iil ii.iHitiiiii. J-Vl li.iil,i'>:i.-.'.M. ilfptll of n-atcr iil,'JVl. ilmrl ..f, iVl (111.-, ril, "■mil K.iii. J.'il. wlii'ii illHfuviTt.»l,jr»| iLnirKii iiemi, 17". I'.iT. ■.im. *'.'. '-"J 1, j'l'i, ■<-,[, J-. I, j.Vi, i^^, ■::■:. .'t;i. .^itltillinll, .VM iii'.«iTilte»l. -,'»! riK-ky ii^lil HKUlliniHt. I'll. liijiBt ,siir\t'y •«l)illiill,2,M, K«*i>Kr>l|ii-i',ri.' H I',. I'ariillim li^ltl luni'f. J,'>-. niiino^ for. i'lj ( Du.Ht-lijit-' til tlio tiiirthwiuil. '.I'>l. Uiiii|.nK|., iiiiili.nii. .'il lli.iliKU liiil.L-Jl. liiiiliKii l!.»k.-'.'il, ■-'.'>:;. ^vi. Ili'ilt'lti'li Nlrt.H. I'liitliTy K.icks. .Iim .li-.iriU-il.-.ii'.i >H'iiilnn luiil ilisluiiii' friiiii < 'u|n' Milvil.M'.l iU'|illl i>r wutir iii-«iilr. ')')'.>. KOi'K''i*<*lil*'<>l IKtHllimi. ^>ii'.' Miilli'Hll Hill, llniy's llallior. |H.'I. ii.iisii I'liiiii, iM, I.V.. nvi 111. ii..t»cii.iiiiii'l.i'«.:.'n'',-iifi, •-'11, jl.'.JIi, 'Jl'.l. ciirriMilJi, '.i'.T. Utiiietiil'onj 171, .1. pill ..f waltT. ITH, iin.-liiiniK.', I""* pil».t IliiiU, K"*. Ktii^lliiK H. hi.iiinT.., IT-*. kiuiwii nn I'llnt I'.ivt'. 11^. lu.n.iH I'.iiiii. iTii. 171, I7J, 17:1, 17.1, K">, l'.«l, I'.ll.l'.IJ.-'OiV-ir.Jll.: 21 1. Jir.. 'JH. Jl'.l ■JJii, -"J7, ilJ. J 11, .11 \ 'W. llolllllil I'oiht. Nani.iuv.'r Nliiii.l, !'." ■.I'i.,''l\ '' i'J iM.artin! mill ili^l.in.i- fnini Tulousli lali>liu«'. '•''•'. ri.i'k mill r.-.'f ..tr 'il' Kt'oKrapliK'Hl iMiHitlon.MV. ll.iMllli l'"i"l,Viiii.,.iiMrlsl„ii.| ,„„„„, f„r,M9, «li..ri- liiii. I.. Ill,, w.ntwiir.l, -1,1.1. .I.|.tli i.r wiiUriiil.r. I'j. .ilrr.-iil^,'.:l'i liinill.ill '.111 llklll ll.ll|*.»l|l'Hl.|..| linl -.111. nuiiiii.i r.'. k.Cni.uli, III ml |.,w llowili M.iM.I ll.irriiril lnh |,„.l. lllUM'l. . 1.1111. Illli;,'.ir.|. 1.1'iirliin mill iIhi.iii, i. fn.iii W .i|;,||„ Kivi-r .'r.l. r I \i. Mil Ji-.l. mil h..riit;rHiii'tll.;'i>l. r(ii'k>. .'I'll iii.Hitii.iiHi,r. 'ji'.i. rr. f 'Jl.l. iliiil.' '.'r.l. Iiui'liiii; wtiiirx'cM.'jr.l. ki'l|..:i.\ ili'l.th i.f uiiiiT yc. K.'..«rn|.hlnll |iii«ih..n,'jrh*i. Iioiiiiiliiiy itii> ■iT,'..'.7;,r.:'* Kiiiijiii.iii •.:7. ill>l,ili.i' rr.iiii Kimiiiiii.. l'iijiil,'.77. .|<'|.lli.r.T7. ri'i'f Ml. '.77. HIH-hnt iKI'.'.'". liMinr- f.ir ri77. ItiiuMrr Itit't, Siucliilr Nlmnt, r.i r.. l.t'iiriiiu .mil iliiltiiit'i'Hrrntii 111-iulil.iirMii: pi.iul..,.'i<'>ri, i...irUi'il liy 11 liiiiiy, -li'/i, llrmi' l'iiiiil,i''i7,i'.l'J, 1.1:1. I.t'iirin^ mill iliNtiim •' fri.iii IliilUTy I'l.inl.i'.l:', ili'lilll ..f wnliT i.lV. I'.l-' Hni. ki-iitiiltfi' llllllV, l.r.iy's ll.irl.i.r. Ki .1.-1 ril.iil. Kl. Ilnmu, l'..rl, J-s. Ilr.iil, liri-ul lll,.:.'i|. MmiHili'lil. I'll. (iiiliT,oi:i. UoiIkit'h, ,lim, 1117, :ilii. llri.t.ilii-.-liiuiy.ri.*. nv vv;lh, i'.-.ii. (.'..i.iiii.»lii|i.r''.i, llrliln.|.iirt LimilliiB.JTl lii..iniii; milt ili^liin.i' Irnm I'miil \rt'im linlit 'J71. fill iliii 1WI.11.-J7I. ri.i'k~..iiNiiU-.'.'7l. ili'liih iif \vttlfr,'J7l. ilmi.-..'71. l.ilil i.liui* 1-. li.' ilt.'-7l. Urisi-.i r..iiii, ruti'i.'^iiiiiiii.i'.'.'i'.. ili.|.lli ..I' wiil.r..ir.i'.J.'.. kilii.'.Ji'.. Ilriii.*h I olimiliia.7.rwt'*,ri'»l. /.'.iijud riu.ii.iii.!>lii|i. Ii'"'. nrii.'k.iw:iy I'liiiit.Smilii I!..ni Mmnl.'l'.i.iio.'.i!. il.'wr'l'i'il."", Ilriiiiil.y "liilili ■J'M'.. no iin.l. I limi.'Ji*!'.. pliiity ..I' riuk»,'>il. llriM.k's l^hm.l, l'''.','J17. Ilri.liliy l.i.ilui'. Vii'liiriii llurl.i.r.-.r '.('.1. lilii.y.r.l'.i /.'iii'/iir./i.ii'i'/i'iii.-K'.mi -1"!' "ii''l''''l :'.'''■ Muillur's Ki.ik'Ji'- l.iiuy iii'iir.'J,!*., i.f,ii'iiii; mill .lisiimii' 111 ^111' I'.ilil'i I'liiiit. •-"'<. linlltlliiUM'.'il". l;i.,l l!.ii'k.'.':l-<. wliiirdil -m. liii'i ltiiillii'r'<. I'll!'. 1' l:''''. '-'■-. r M'al.iill.i. J.C. (U'.Hrril.i'il. *-■'-. rci'f, honluii'l i.y.-'.iJ. nii.'.':is. 'V I ;'t, ! 666 INDEX. lii & f 41 ^f u . i^ i»? w 't. t! Itnihi I'm I'oJDl. r«imki-n ri>t k.1,1.\ Itiit kf.vo (uniHi. It). Iiii*k-*|>..it. !-'J.;rj.s Huilii * InU'l ruK'. t Stun(l.t'>;.r>.'"»-N. »!fplli of \v«tor.)VJ(V Nliort* t I.i'Jft. tlt'ptliof wrttor.r>ift. iltiiiK*'r ill ^.-*'*• in•»l^u^t1t'U•. Uir avn'-linK.*'2T. iiiHrki-tl l<> II liiuiy fiJ7- ItiU'iiAvt-iiliini MiN^ioii. t'l. itu:Mt:t\t'iitiir)« ^l>t■ll,•^^^^7. Httotit'iiif, I'uinl, r»l, IlinMi... i al.rrn*. i Uril. 1 *. IT. T, M. V.. 2? I, -U**. 'iiil! !* llrnil l'.mit,:i.'.J|{. Hin'vn Hii n» t o''CtinKr»'Hii (n rt-)iklinii to tl.-* i^oloriiiK. tniiDlMTin^ tlllil pU« IIIK of, f.'kl. lUioy«i, nlilm'virtlir« *l '• liiiov •-, li(»w iiuiiiU-ntl. '.*. ituriu> I < 1111011. 1.S. IJtirr .nl Iiitrl. V.»..va. 81' (lit ion. %*CJ. Mte \<: lit pill of wuttr in "VM Point Alkiii-on li|;)>( hoitf ' uii..Sh:). :ui'tiori*jir. ^* Hiirrowx luv. l.'oHurtoStmi'. VJI. Vfi.VVl «I»*'**Tll^l|. Vkt tlt-ptli of uHi«>r. Vht. niu homtee. ^(kt. liKlit,v..t. ]ttirro\iN Nlaiul. UoHArio Stmit, Vk> Itii-h roini. Sir. .It of Vn.ft VT: Itii!*li I'oiDi .\ Iiiiti. v>i .%>■:•. «lii-p HilliT o)1, .'i.'4 lt(itaiiorri- HuiUt'h r..vi-. I'lini-l .Siutiil.lL'7. Hntti'. rymniitl.iiVi. Ilnli.^. L.tkf 17(1. C. r«iH. lie I'ino*. r.9. n. (Irm.ribt«l. J-'i'.i Cibbrillo. Jiitin KiKlriKUrt.ciU'd. H.2«i..V>, V.. V, fiS Vj. f..', fVt.f.l.ft:. ftT. 74.*^t. ^■».*.*l, li*t. I-'"*. I il. l.Vi. Itil.r.tT.iHr.' .»IT,.SSy ST'l J-Vi.itly. ('.tliriU-t I'oii.t. 27"2, li^l.^'CS 2'^"» .>7 J-^V. ^IH. J'.'J. -"J-I, ."A 1'''7, -".»*, ■l!'*. 4'HilUirnii({li i'uinl \'iiiit-oiivt-r l>4lui)i|. -VSo I'nhlo MointMin i'Yt iH'itruiK i4n. Ki'ouriphi. ftl poHilion, 'J.^i. iHiw'lit. _"y.. (Vht'AnuH I'll"-. 4'.V Take It.Mk, .Vk|, rwr.. r^C, .M7. fienriMK hikI liiMam f from i^'iilllhitle Kivrr, '**i. dfmril" .1, .V*|. (Ifptli of unlcr itcitr. ritlA. known (i-tTalili- lCo< k. !^f». ( iila|Mhiyii ^follnlJllnK. |(in f.ihfornni. '.' I".' I'' ■*", II .S', .»J, fil. *.^. un H< t for till- prott rlioii of l>iioy*t :tnu(litrn KHilroii. riilal>;o Ulaml.rMil. (iiniptM'll I'oint. l^y <'tiniltriii loH'k. \2\. lH'nriii« tuiil •Uxtun o from Sua Sinti'un w h.trf. IJI rrtAailikili' loH Ainiot*. i;.!. f. rvudu, front Toint IS .ji-rt. . j;rnrr:il ilfHtripijoii. |n;t. trrinl of roRHt ill, lik't. 4'miiil.vil «, l.Vi. Salmon ( "n-ck, Iftt. <'nn K<.;k.'.n7,sio,rii(*.,.M7. ilfHiriU'iI.VC Hp|M'anint-t' iit ti «li<«liint (v '%lt4iur tu<*upt' l)iM;ippniiUmi-nl, '>ii^ ( 'tipf Jolni. I'atooHh M;iii xto. t iiwiiill.i Ufcrrttt-*. ri4|M* AriiKo l.lfi-Hrtvii'y Strttion,:UMi r.ipr Vr. Il 111, ll.'>. <'ii|»t' lU'tili , lliin liiy Sonnil, TklM. hKliI-Iiou**-. .-.o-.i. rti'.vtH.-vtv. ili'^t riliol. .Mh. rhAtArliT of UKt>t, &:)H. limit of vipilii.ily.M'.*. Kro^niphiivt] position. W>. mitKiti'tic ViiriHtion. .Vt'.i. IxMiriiiK and di-taint' It) TatooHti Itland 1i slit-lii< pilot nt'<'di'■'' <'ii|M' ItlaiMo, r>. ;7h ininif for i ap< iMIord. it?" Cap*' < linnli. Vain-onvcr Islund, M.(. df^rilM-d Ml. i<4l.-(H..ir .Ml 4'll|K» '*fHlk . IVl ('a|>crovi-, llt't^ta Hfad. 1""^. dt«rilM .1, 4ti». »ni'lioraK<*. '****- *^i|K« (riM k in7 (■ii|H- iii-»;ippoiniiiiini zr.' is;, HI ir ill, r>i. »M i5:, pa i.;: i- i(v>. 171. IT.', 17 1, 171 IM. I"'.*, lyti, i'.i.(, I'.r*,.^^. .Mi's.'ncj,:!!.;, >'', ^^ .tf*. riiH-d. r. : i-tNtnt lint' nrar IM. •.«iii inniM . .ir'.t, I'X., III). 4j«.4^.;. u: itt, i;i#; iii. itj ih' i. i dt'M rtl>«il. tvi. < Il ira< l**ition. IVi. niKKiiftii vaiialion |V». lK'«ri:v* 11 nl di-.laiiii- loCapn » >rfoi^l likdit-hoiim- iv iHpi* ( iri-K<'ry liKlii-lioiifi.' (> \;ii)Mlll.t :ii-ad* .lylil lli'ii-. I Tillamook fio. U hulil ho.i.. i Toinl AdaniM HkIi' li'ni-*f I • |o|{ lit-ll.iV) iiaiiit-H fi>r, 4VV ihorl linr lo <'»|M' Orf.ird. I-Vi CajH' i:ii/.iiUlli. Ill, H.', IVI. I'm i\*7.iW. dc^tantf from I'oint ( innvillf, |y'.». d»«i ri?HMl. P.r.' ihara. i. r of tin- toaul, l'.«;i. roi kN mat. !'.>:(. Uronraphi.Ml po-^ilioti, I'tV mtiKin't ' v.iriation. I'.'l. Itcnrinu «>"< diHtamr lo < arrnll NIct. i'XI. Ih-ttrtntion iNlHntl. i'Xi. .HvM l.mii ICuL-k, 4'/I. -n^^HIHiHHHHl liulil Iiuu^c '-t> illlll linllt-ll' .11. l.Vl, W7. I'V.. I ■. , .'mv .M". .Vj, .ii ; • 1'/. Ill, II'.', I.'"' 1' I il IikIi(-Iioii« I''> iry li^;lit-lt"ii!»'' 1 ■ ,.,i,|. ,n;li( li.".- ' I.... U ln;li( I " li?« liKl»IlH»MHf I • Iniitl, l'J,1. ,,«'.'l. INDEX. Cbiw Kli««b«tli, luuriiig nml iliHtiiiiiT In timy !< llmliur. l:i:i. ' lUMIM'. I*.",'t. N.irlli ll.ii.l. 111!. iHi»t'nvcre(l,4'.»3. i'lmriu'ter of tho couhI to DcsliiH'Iinn Nliiml, I'.ij, Ciipo Kiilc.ll. W>. IM, i'M, IIJ, ll'i. Mil, ll'.l, !'•", I'lN. t!i'.H*'rilKMl, 41-. ilniiK'THotr. 112. hyilronriiiiliy oir, IIH. ciirrrnt!*. 1 1:(. KOo^niplltful ixmitioii, 41,'^. inftKiirtit' variiiltoii, 4l:t. benrliiK iiml ili.iUniLi' to Ciipi- Orfonl HkIU Imii-c, 111. *'lHH' liri'Koi\ ll^:lil-lnius«'. 111. ^']|qUillll lli-llii^ liulll IlolHO, III, Cup*' .Mtilrrr*. 1 1 1. ■rilllllnook li.ick lii;lil-ll.:ils.-. III. Ciipf llisiippoinliiifiil 1ik1iI-1ioiisi',4II. nni.ics for, 414. Cllpf. I'llllK'.'l-". Clip.' Kt-rrflo, :l.'>ll, IM, X". 3iil, M'l, M'. tli!»(aiift' from Chclko Point, :{iil. KtMicral :;o,,'v.M, fhiinn-ler of Hhore-Iiiio from t'lipt' 1 )is,ippointim-iit,M'*'. *U'Mrrii>etl,'»l"'. Mhorr.liii«',,''lT, .leptl' of wuUtoIV, M7. nirn'iil-*, .M7. t'Xplor»tioiiH.,'il7, naiuftt for, ,'il7, rcporlcM l»iiik of,SlM, ilrptli ofwiiliT un. 'iix. ('Bpf KortUTUiH, :lll,.ll(;,:U7,:ll'*,.'Ml,-'!23,,'!-',V Ix'iiriiiK "". ik'ptli of wHtor tittr«.ft-l, 3'JO. tmly nnr rork oil", IJil. tli-timrf from nhort', ;l.'<'. hflKlil. :f.i>. Ki'licrHl (liBcripllo 1, .Uii. oiitlyiii^ rocks, :V-0. tltmnfrs, ■!-" Monii.liMK«oir, :i2ii, I'liiiriu Icr of 111" liollom, 120, KroKritplii4-iil position, 'Sll. inuK'o't*^' ' ariutio.i, ,3il. Ih-hiiiik «ml illstaiKC to lumy olV lluml.ohl' Iwir. ri'.'l, lliimliol.lt Imlil liouw, iJI. ■rrioi.liiil litilil lioii-i', IJI. ooMt to Ti'iiiiiliiil lli'iiil, 1-1. fiipi. |.-oiii«Ttttiu'r, lo-,, iiis. Hi, ir., i.'ii, i.M, iJT li'.i 1 :i, 1 1.;, >«. i »"'• iluiniit.-r of ooust-lmt; lo tlir soiitli of, IJI, iliiliK^Ts witliiii liiilf u mill' ol', l-'J. K*«>Kritpl'i'''' po.-itioii, 4'J-. initKio'tii' v:iriiilioii. I'J2. IwiirloK 111,,. ,',;-'•• io I iipi- iirfor.l li,;l,t h.ui-i- IJJ. ( up*. l.n'i;ory li^;lil ll,,ii''i', 1-- 1 i,,p,|iiuli Kivir, I'JJ ( lipi- Prrpi'lllU 1-'-. Yminiim lli'ii'l- UkIiI-Iu'Ii-''. '-'-'■ Ciisciiili' Hi-iiil. 1-'-'. llilVHtiok lilM',,l"J, t'lipi- l.ooi .111, I'.".', Tilliir ..ik Ho, k l.«lil.|loll!<0,4'.''J. I- ;.il ,Vilalii- liulil lliiusf, I'-'-'. < iipv llisuppoiiitiiu'iil linlit_2.', laiidmurk, l'J2, ctimpoNiiiou of, 1-"J, di'cp "I'll somiiliiiKS olV, lil itiorivlilir t,i t!u' norlll of, I'.M, cliiiiK*'rs. 4-1 imiiios, rj;i, ('ll|ie liyiIroKnipliy,;j',t|. ilai,j,'i'r, 'TO. lililil-lioiisi', ;l7i,i, 'Br.'. ,'r.i;l.:!OI, 31.15, 3i.«i,:!:i7,'|i.K, 40ll, till, 4111, 40-i,41U, IJ", H-2. 1J7, 111',, 114, ll'.l, 4J:l, I5ti,473,,')l,;. d<.s,iih,.,i,:!'.i,-,. tliiiractfr of iii;lit,:j',irt. an- of visihility, ;J',t,5, iiiiiit ,,f \ isil.ility, 3'.ti. i;i'o-r;ip!iiriil position. 3'.w». mimni'tif \ jiriatiuii. :{','G, licariiiK .iialUl.staiiLoto I''ox Kock, :VMk ('a|ii' Orfiiril liulil-liousp, 390. mouth of ('o,|iiill« lllvi'r, :!ij«. Ymniina Ili-ails lluht, ,t'.H',. othur iiioro tiistaiit puiutH. 3'.'6. ir. .I'.iO. ll.'i,4',.),4,M. ' Piirilir, l*,»nit roui'i'lu'ion, 67 17, 5n'i, 511.1, .'m,"!, ,'1117, 5us. lift'. saving; sialioii, :1'.«), iluep-sca s,,iiiuUni;s names for. .i'.tr,, cuiri-nts otV, 3',i7. Capol.uiiville. lU', 111. ll,'i,4'i I'liln' Horn of till Cup,', llii-, ll'i. Capi'.lolnistin. I',i ilfs.rilsil. Ili|{li roiks otr. .'1(1,1. Ht*oi;riipIiii'ai position, SO,*!. Inai;iu'tie viirialion, ,'>i'.">. lii'urmt; ami ilislamL' lo limitilhi Ueof. ."iiiS. liestnutioM Ishmii, ,'in,\ liray's llioltor. r>i^"». rapfShoalwiiU-r li^litliousf, 5iJ6. Capi' Iiisappoiutiiiunt, ,'s',5, const line I'l till' Morthwaril, ■''iii,'!, rape Kiwanda, l>, I'll'. known as Sulnl Cape, I'M, (liHtaiu-e from Haysmck "oi-k, I.1U. ilescnlic.l, 1311. shorc-lim- lies-, loci, |:iil. Clipe l.a Mes.'., lo.'), 117,410. situation. 41::. ileseriplioa, 4111. rocks elf, nil. Kcoiri pllical iio-ilioil, 411. III'.IUCH, 141. Ciipe l.ookMll. 1'i.V l.'il, 1.".', 131, 134, 43f,, 110,41 . 149. chiirii' ter of shore lo the .soiilh o''. I.U. ,leserilie,l,4.1l. iippearanee at a liislanee. 131. Keowraphieal pnsilion, l.Vl. iniiKiii'ti:' vanution, 133. I„..,rimt ,111,1 ■lislanee to Y,ii|iiiiia llcaih liKln lioiise,433, Cipe FoiilweatKer, 13,1 Cap,' MiiU'es, 1:1;!, C'llsciule Heail, ill. 'rinam.,ok liKlit-lioiise. 13,1. (.'aiie lli-appoi: '""'lit liulit. 1.33. li.Irs, 113. lishiiiK liiiiik iiciir, 43:1. Cape .Meures, In.".. ll'J, tM, 131, 112,411, IIJ, ,l,ser|l>c,l. Ill aiipearanee at a ,listaiiee, 131. proposi ,1 lii;lil-house, 13'',. Kcouraphieiil position, I « mUKiietie variiition 131'' heariim- uiel ilislan.e to i 'ai'c orfoi'.l liu'1it'lii'i>«i' W,- (ape (oei!,iry linlil-lainse. Lid. Yii.iiiina Heads Irnlil-li,,!!-.' 43f,. 'I'lllamook Koek 11^111 lioase, I3li. Cape |ii..appointiiieiit lii;lit,4,Hi. dMcriptionshy curly yoyuuers, i.ii',. ,.„p;:Zn,[o:4n!i:i.l. 5., 234, 273, 2.7,31.1, :.,«,3ii7,3,w.3ll,321,3-,ra. :l;7 ,'l,'l',l, 37',', 3HIV hydroKruphy "I the eoust from slieller ( ovc loiyurda,30», Imariim anil ilistiinca from I'oliit .Vrcuu liul'l,''!'- If • 'i^' ' ^l ' >.l w if! (j()8 INDKX. 111. ,110. Ml ri. llMinllKI ll^^llt. :iiii Ca\ie Miiiilm-iiui jrptirrnl "tfTrlitlinu, «llnliiiKUiolH'>l ti-al iiTf*. 'II luMV to Tittuni/*' HI a It IK. 111. lliiti^cri*. 11- nn''inu .Hr»*< tinii,* fur,. 'U.S. ilft'p-wa otoitutiiiKs urur, .^16. ciitrciit*. :tlt». tlo Til. 3:\ .iii, iii'.i. :i.v.. :»•«, "..y niliinll' .. ilT. c'' .rmler of linlil. 117. ..riof vl-llillily,;ll'. Ki-it(fru|ilti llliinr- lioif, '.!•<. I'oliil \n-ii« li>;lil-h.Mi*r,.'U'», IV>nil C'Hiinllo. IIH. roiila (tonla.ils. Chjm- l'*i'rliiiirtj»..'ll'». MoinlMiMl hiilil li<>o!M'.3l-. l';.slilitiK K.H'k.ll'' (ri'ik fill l^tv lli;lit ll<• Orf.o.1 liijlil hioiHo. :>is. viirioii- ltiitiy«.:l!», rxtctit i>f ,*li<«rr linr from I'.iilil liolicttt, 31H. clilililtii' .'<.ii!'.' ( mn* NlriMl.K-iito *^iiliiuilrln«> VulU-y. Krtu ml .K'!WTij»lioii, II". iK'iiriuK iinti iliotam <- fr< .Mioitilain. 4ii7 I up. . X.irtliweM. JVl, .•.%7. J^vH Jiii, . 1 H|>. iir(..ni. 111. 1.V1, x: i«y. ^'.a kiiiiw It a,« CalH' Illaiioi. C"*. tri-mt .if .iia.»l t.». .T-.. li|i|K'.iriiiii-t' fi'iiiii a iltHlaliiT, V^. iliiiiK.T- ..If, :r«. liKlii-ti..ii«.-. .iiH, nn. i'i».,r>ii.:;%7. iftt.ro. ci, ri, itvimi. iti. :w.' :K1. :{-H,:W7. .»»< f.*!. »•.'. f.".. lot. I'r.. till IJi, ij-;. 4.':, in.. 4t t. 4 f.' 4V1 4.V , t7'> .Vtl. .M,-.. nitiiBtioii :i;« rlirtniftpr tif liiilit "t. ari'iif vl!'i- t.i I 'a|M' NT. ii.Iim iii.i Ii^ltl lioii*. V'f llllllllx'I'll ll|(hl II..1IIM-. X.I Triiil'ta.l llia.l lliflil li.oiiM.. i: tiri..r.l lti'fr.;r» fa|H* I ifrifiirv linlil. .IT'J \ ft'iuiiia ll.-a. 'rtllalll-Mik Itxck lulil hoil.1*, {7'J I'lOlit Vdaiuff llKlit-tliiUW. r7'J. liyilr.>i:ri«|iliy ..ir :l<1 i.>a.>l II. rlli«r.r.l of, lt« titH-|i-«.'H MMtii.iiiiie» >ftr, 3yi. iiaiiM't for, ■i"J"'. I iirrt'iiln. .tt»i. I a| rfor.l lUulil. J77. t"^'.. Im'HI mx an. I •li-liiiu »• from tali*" i lrf,,rtl (77 ({1-iii-ral .ii"..ri|. It-Ill. 177 (■«|«> l'lii< al |.'t«'li.iii ll'i. liiHKiO'tK' varliitl,.!!, 4lo lH*uriiiK u:id iilBt«i)t-f* to t iiipiNttlon.,'Uit. tnaKii.'ti. varialuiii. .'lilt. lK'ariii>; and ili. lanor t.iraii.' \\r l.KMnu lliilil liim-.i.», > I. :lut. Illiiiil < 1; ruiiil "t I ii-iirKv. lui. Ma. k s .Vr.li.:ll'.t. KoKiK' KiMT l£o*'l. ti'i^. I'l.rt Orr..r.l ll.n.l. W> fap.'llrf..r.l linlil li..iiti-, M.^ F.i\ IJ... k,:ti.f. immr.1, .'K.t •linr.' 1.1 I'lirt llrf.inl. 111". <'ni»' Sliiial»atir,471, 4'.«i MllllHtl.'ll. 17. 1. .1... r 111. ■.1.47.1. I,lKlll.|l..ilH.,, 17M, IJO, ll'.l, 171. I7i.. I'll.-tVi. xilii.ili.iii. 171. . Iiara.l.r oriiKliI 471 anaii'l limit .if M>ilolily. 171. ^.'iiKraphl.-al pi>«lll. < ap. V l/.i«lii.> ri. .".M -""l -"'-, ■-"'•1. lU" 1-'-' itt:raiitiu-al ii.itlli.in, -H. liiaKlo'tli' vartalton, ~>i. lan.lfall ."IV farilwili l'.iliil.',»l,'.>l,'.«'i.V7,'J'J. ( anml Hay 1 li.. I.fi. 13H. 14-', 14K. I.i.alli.n. I It. WKllll l,lt. an. li.iraKi* 1*J tiiliinariiii* ^alli'y, I-iy. iluilKITt. 14.1. I nrini'l M.iiliil. I I'M ». 140. I aim. I l'..tiit lit. I arm. I ItU.r. 137, lit. I ir..'iii. W.'l'ia ti li'Hinfr, wriMki-.l,!''.'!, I amlilin I'urt IS I iir|M-iit.'l la i-iiiliar. a.t.T.i, 'i" l'ar|M-ti*,t ria l.aii'hnK Santa Itartiara • liairt.'l •li't. rllit*'! I arr I'.iiiil. I'.irl I Ma. ..v<■^y^l,^ I'arrinKl.iii I'uliil sanla Itota Itlaiil f, HI U N litilil Iiomm r'< k.m;. 1, '<»■>. s Cnrr'H IiiU-l. I'liKi't s.mn.l.ivj|.r,:;2,c,i-., ('Mrtniii'iicnil nt' l7'.ii,Ti;, ^|/ll. ',i» I iirirr I'oini, l.innnii liliiri:l.,v,;. CllMiaill. Il.llll, IJi;, IJI, IJ.'l. r.'.,, IJ'I. Ill i;; IJ,; .1)11^.1 hill' rrniu Silclz ItiviT .Ic^lTll.i-.l, l.'li. uiUM'iirahi'c iil it
  • . Ut\. \ islhlr roi-kM nil, l_'7, nil lii. Mill itiiiii;<'rt TUMI-, i.'T. ' Ki-«ii;ni|-lii, III Ixi^iliiili. tJ7, lllllKHflir \'iiriullr'M r.iiiik, lliiiiil .« ( 'iiniil. i'kM. I iiv's liili'l, I'liurl Siiiiriil, MH, r,.'.-i. rij<, mr, ( 'jiHjmr aiiclinniKr. Js'i. I.i-:uiii« mill ilisliiiiii. rrniii I'.iinl 1 iilirilln. -Ji.-!. Hi/.r. ■jri. riirk^ ni'iir rntnini'i'. ■.is.'i. iliplli iifwiilir. J-.-i Miinkfii nn-k iiriir Imitiur, 2\'i. tiiiinrilii; Imiiy.*. "J^-'t < ri'i'k ill hi'iid III 1IIV1-, 'J»Ci, rllillp, '.'"ri. \ illi»«r iiiur, jM'i. I'Ici Irii' lii;lil~ ■.Imwn, 2*6. l-uliHt II. h llf. jMi. *"UH|H!r I'liint. L'l^'i.'isii. Intiliiili' llf. jsii. ' a«|ut ' < 'rcfk, 'J*^*!. jMi. * 'ii.i'n/ 11,1 |-i rii..iillii I'liiiit, 'f l.i-lil-li.iuse. 1 I'.. ml St. (.(.iirni-, :l.-,i. Mi> iliM'ii wiiliT iii.*iili'. i .1, wtnikni r.ickn Itiwlilr. Til ■i-Ci'liniw f.ir VrHi«rlH 11) ii||H<4tii|;, :ri|. '■ I - lull!*!', rjti. IJ7. ■/.i... i(. vkii, iP.i. .-1 .iv.l,. tiUVTl. ll.'i. ■• .1 'w; i!,irl.or. Hunt, I riiiuliiiii liliiml, 7'<. !■> il- ! 7^ '■'. ;i't.r.' ni.f , lllirt^, '>. Cm: ii ■ u'V il».v rtiliiitililii \:\\ t. ii;.'. .!.■ i;. ■■ -.vj. •I 111 I.I WfttlT 111. I'l-. I'lllll :: - I'oliit.C.il hi I I'.iv.r IM, rc. |i.| Ih*i r IK imil iliitiuii'i- I'lniii Tliii'. I'li'i. I> i, 11, 1. .li'mrllitMl, llVI. • ■iilll,. I'liliil, WiiHliliiKtiiii s.iuii.l, Til IIkIiI nil. X.I. I'liviillii ; .lilt, 171.1, HI, If^, '.'IC, _'J^, I'lixcrr I ,1 I, Niiitii I'm/ lilnin), 'i.', .^1, si',. s7, I'liymi iii.'i K, 117. Iii'iirih. I|.ilii>iii> rmiii I'liml llii.li.in. 117. I.K'nlit'ii, 1 17. iliii hiirilKe. 1 17. ■ItlllKcrH, 1 17 »n'Unu fliri'i'lintin. II'.). '"■•■'.. J , n H)Kt^»l". ' l'>. *',.ytuiii Tiiwn. 117. I ayiiiiH Wliiirf. lir,, MT, IIS. I.S'DK.X. Gr,9 C'.'iliir lilvcr. Shonhviilpr Hay, 17c,. • ■(•iia, 1,1 ini--iai|,. hi, I.'. '■I'lil.'r M.iii„t„i„,saiit.i('iii,. l,h„iil,s.'> Ci'llliM-villii, :||.i, ;|.i|, :!;l|, (•|TVUi|,i(|i,K„|,i, ,si„t.i(.,.||, |,|„|„| ^-, Ciiiliu Nl.uiiN, Vaniiimcr l,l»,„|. .',.',11. ' fhiinihcMCri'i.k. l:>\. I'lnil name Inr Sli.jlai m Itiyur, IV>\ • ■Imliitl Criik. Mull |l,.ail..,iii. Cllaiiii -I. .\riala'l'.'7. Hi'lliiiKliiiin, .-ii-.l. Hum. la 111.', jii-,, jii,; .j| |^ ^l^., Ji.-j, ; | j l>riii;,iii,.i.-i:i,:i-i|,:i.-,o. IChtiTi,rirti.,.'i.',(). !*airway,.'iH7. (Jiiriiii-s. ',61, .-,1,1s, ll.inkliiii,;i.'|-,,.|j<, ■^laiii ■*hi|i,'.''i.'i. Jl:i, ■J17, 2IS,2'J\227. .'Mii-i|iiilii..-,-i7 OlIulil.Kl, ItHl, Its.!. Kill k. J'l"' Wi. Ifyil.-r. i;.':l. Sai raiiu'ulii.'jn. st.(;.ii,rK'f'9.;:.? -.v^i.STifi. .Sail {■■riuii'lsi-n, :;ai, -Sail .liiaii..'i.V,, San l'iilrii,;i7, II, |,-,.|-,> 71 77 .Santa llarhani. '.., :;'i, 1 1, u;, -m, r,i , .',.-1. .-,.,,, ,-,7, m. 71;, s'j, si, s.',,M, m. .Santa ( 'Tn/., 7ii. v>, Si, s'.i ',i i, ',11 , .,1., Swan^iin.. ',.',,', TiSl. I iiuniii-l NI.iikU, ::'t. , 111. :<.'i'.. 1 U-arinuaiid ilistrtiici' finin fri'^i (nit City litilit-li.iusi.', :il). -Mi^Hi'! It.i.-k. iCi. Itnimil li,Kk.:ir,. Iirt'akrr.^ in hravy woattur. .Jri. 1 < 'hnthani luianil. r>-|ii, .'i.-|fi, 'd:, I lU-mTilii-il, .Viil. ilani^iTH lu-ar. -'I'lO. cliiiliiani strait, .'i^*. 1 I lii'lialis liiviT, (iray's Ifarlinr. 17i'i. Hi. Hi, is.-,, Hii. -W, ii'."<. I lizi'. HI. ■ Hliiirt'.!, HI . clii'iiiiHal Miiiiiitalii. ^"". clifrry I'nint. Cnilf .,r ( linri;ia 'i7l. CliiTry \'alltiy .\iiiliiirai;i'. ^aiila Calaliiia Ulaml. 7'(. chartH. aliliri'viatiiiiis n*eil mi. li'i :. clu'tko .\iirlitiraiee, St',1. .lii'.'. roikn ill. 11.2. ihstan.'- li-um mntith uf river, ;!("i2. il.'litll 111 WllIlT, !i'-'. raiiK'ii in. :iii.'. inslr.'.tiimi* for vi'ist-H aii|iri.ai'Iiin|;. .{11.1, no kt'lp. -'{r,;!. liili'i. ilii.'!. chetkii IViiiit. :WI. .'!■'■'.', .Ii'.l. >;i'in'rai ilt-n, riiilinn, -iii-'. vi-iliii- ro. ks ni'itr. iir.J Hinikrii ri -ki* nrar. .I'l'J. ri'i'f. li'.J. :i :i. i:i'0|;ra|,lii al |iii«itiiin, 'till, iiiiii;ni'tio ariiiliiin, Kit. li^Ii'tnalon V the HJiori' tr-iin. -'.til. ' hi'tko Hivi' . li'iii, :i-iT, 'I'l-, Hi", liiil , Nl. ili.ilHtU'1' iVoin Point St. tii'orKi'. *•''■ .NiirlllHost Si'al 1:01k, mi. laii'lniark, I>i|. » tilth ofinoiilli. i'il. liili's :li'>! rin'o(ini/i'il at a ilistain-i', lii'iil, citaKl froni Prini'i' HIaiiit to. -'^iO. Iii'arini; anil iliMlani-n from I'oint St. (n'orup. i'in. Nortliwc?.! M-al Hock, :il'iO. Chilmliili'lil liii.'k. Ni'iali Hay, .'iJJ. I'hilliiiu'iu Uivcr. in.'). it I ^^il Strt !^P i.'m>\ m I IIII'ImI h'J:'il 070 INDKX. « hlllooosw Ulr(r Tt*ilikotrt Kivpr. 4!«' ll«rlH>r. Sinli Crii; lihiml, n«. ('hin(iiluiul>iik Kivi-r, iVj, iCii.- fiitunltot). l.'tV. nninr'« for. 4'»'.*. riiln..,.k Hi. or. »V>. (hipp.- Iilitixl. 344. ln'at'on. ill. U'liriiii;"* nn>l di«littuH*« tti VArtntlfl l>Oftni lliiy. STl, il«'««'riliiMl. *tTl . aiu-IiorAKO. '»"!. Cliurcll. Criiio. .M3. finite .\liinicM. l(W. (ii.r.loTiK. IVi. Siinin Mitri.i. Vf>. SwiUir «. .-.l!. rlmtoii l!iv,r. C.'t Clly. I'r. -,-,nt. '.lo. in III atllc. <■<»'•. !V>«. «w. r.is, ici Tncomu, I'll, filS. i"iW'., filT. '•>. VUlorin w«i. t'lallnn lUy Vil. ilcmrlUil .•i.'4. iiKnlh- near r>-4. ilpplli iif nat.-r iiff. S:4. Iiitliiiii tiaiiie. ^i4 riallam r..iiit I'rot.. linn Nlan.l. Ml, M4. M». CIk.!'""" <'lielirtli« liiviT. I«l Ciark l"l«ii.| H.>"arl.i Strmt. v.'*. Cliirkf. 1.>M< anil. I'iUvl. IJl. IMi. 4li. 119, 4W. 4.V!. 45y, 4f.l. 4M, M3, 171, 17". (V.', CUrko K'K k-<, I'a'rwny I'haiiiit'l, ■^■C. Clark sSlouuh. .'i-f., JlnlKop Itencli. 4Vi r.l 471. iK'rtr IVtinl .\illlinn. 4VI, <'laliii.p.|.ll 4'i2. 4.%7. «'>•*. i'leiiiiMilt' anchor.k^o. San rlciiielilc UlAnii, 71. Kf'"Kfap)iit'ul |>ol».|p W. I'llir. .\iiil.-r-K.n ••. 2Wi, JV.-!. 2VJ. Hla4. M hi way. 44.^. 440. I'rall'B. 4;»l. Wlmc. 170. (•Ii(T T'licil. lolijuilila River. 401. iH-anti^ an lan.il. r.TC l.itPi.l.'. f.Kl CllM. <■! VlIlaiTf. Nnali n«y TiAI. 5J1, 522. <'lii»l.-r ( ,1111- lloi-k, '."J"'. S'.'y. .Ti"!. lii-ight. ■.".w, iM'Hrini; aii'l 'linlaiitT fr -in Slieller I'ovc, 299. hrimll otrtMiiit rtiiptii*«l tli'Ar. '.*V>. lalilifliv .ii"! l.cililniK Krounil inriiile, .tllii. Ciml It.iiik >i|oiiKh. KcMM Hay. TJx. 4in. C.ul llarlHir r,M'nly for niliniitrr ime, 2)ift. Colllliavilli'. nllnrf of. 211. 2r>. Colliflioiii ut Hfla. intrnialloiiul rpKHlatioiis to provrnt.f Colormlo l><'»prl. 17. Colombo l.r, ni, imi. l>rrrtkrrt, lt'>i'. irrpKilliir depllm, IGl. roli»riiiK , Ml, ril.Ti i<.nr-.v4.M. li>..i.. aanti ut ptilraTio«. 4.'^7, lirrakorn, 4-">7. cMirrrnta, ^^7. i-oiirne froiM Catlilatnrt IV)int to tlio Ciknrn. nainvH f..r. 47o pilot l:nv< f.ir. 471, pilotage an.) towuu.- t-oiuhine.l, 472. C..llon.;til. < oivos paHiuttce. VM, r.ii). 61 1, r.i:i, r.in, kih. ailnatioii.fil.^. Keneral de»vrlpttnn.l»lS. »\rf fill. iltpllLfiM. aiii-tu.riiRO filM. Colvop '{(M'ka. llooil'M CanAl,039. "itr, f.2".l. dt'ptli <.f water around, 020. Iiiark4>. ConuniHalon Koek.21ii. I'.iint, W, 49, M, 54,.W, V>. il, 02, 1.1, 01, 0.^. lilt. < lim. I'lO. 1 1,^. 214, f2«, M«. Ct. Con<.e|K'(on. Sierra, M, •'^7, 64, 69. Con.- Mountain, \>, IV. Cone I'eak. im Cone K.M k I'rin.'.- Ulan.!. 161 . h.-ariti^ .imt .li^tane.' from Prince Nland, 'tfil. .Imtante fr.>m nh.ire, 301. hellfhi. Kd th'pth of water around. 161. ■iinkeli anil vi«il)le roekM near, 361 in«lrii('tioii to v.*xa**N approarlihiK. ^0' Cone liork. Triniilad Head. II- Ni/e. lM>ariiit{. and dmlatii-*^ fr<.ta Triiii.lad I.i^'lit-h") dmlaii. •' rroin nil. .re IW. ih'pth ..f water ar..iin.| .If* alii.illd IH' Klveli a u Ide Iterlh.ltM Co al Koi k 107 iH'ariiiK ami .IUImih-c from liiinla t^irtla, .107, ■lie,:«iT VX2, |iU, I'll. ?.■*:, '.^'. irr HlulT,fl.Tii. t, tuu. I wimrf. il<). harvf«.'lo tnnlcftl KtM'k— <'ontlniU'(l. Muiilicn rm'k-* ihmit. :tn7. t;r(>Kr.i|>1tintl (nisilion.MdT. iiiiiKnt'lii' vtiriiition,:tas. hi't»rii»« mill (lisltincr to Point Aronn lii:tit-h(mH4\.'K)M. pMinl l».-lmi.lii,.{iw. ('apr M.iit|nfiiio.."{iW. CnlliPllI Ko( K, ITccrlil HimkI. |!IK. runtinr <'n'ok,4H7. '^lllXl^r^■^llip, !ii«t,.'Sn. Ciii-iliiiifr Htink.stnut »tf Kucn.Vfc'i. •;ituatiiiti.'>.V>. tU"**'ritMvJ,5.'>.%, currents, 5.VS. klip. v..-*. r.iii.xliunT Hay. Vtincouvrr NlinHl.Mii. r..ii'. I oTitlnnlliift Kurk. 1 ir«. lis, r.-d. !i lijiliIiMi tlantfor. I H. iK'rttiiiv? ainl tliHiaiHT fmni Ciiynrus villum'. 11 H. IiK-tit»Ml ill clour wcaUicr. 11", Imoy. IH. Cnu'ttivn/''., Minut'l.cittMj.i'S, ^7,iVs, ijs. l-Vt, IV.t, liV.i, I'JT. Jnj, j; CtiiiMtiimion. Mimnt..Vrf'), 'wlT.'tT:!, r»7l. t%)iUr'i t'oslu Mountain-*. !7i>. (' .:i*'er!*ioii l*uiiit, Point nunn-nu'. 'iJ. ('..uk.CrtjH'.-l'W*. ronk,.TiinifM.('itiM!.:f>i, IM, IJt, ll'.i, "m-*, .-,17. i'lioprr Iiilt't, Vaiu'oiiviT l-l.iinl.r)(i). < 'uui>t«r. Point, 'i-tl, "VJ7. Cooper Hoc k. *'aniil . Point Snr. I.t:t. PfeiircrM Point, III. tIeHcrilwd. 113. hiiiiU-n (lanRtT!*, 113. Kco^nipliical pn«»i(ion, 1 ti. Copalltt If«>ail, K^, tW. ItoarinK liiul iliHtiinci' Troio Point 1 •riMivillf, 4^*4. K'*onrup'iioa! poMitioii. !'••<. Copftlcn Kivor, I.Vs. 1H7. *.';!. «i/.»'. 1S7. tiuviicalilo, H7. Kt'OKraphlrul po^tiltiiK of t-nlianfo to. iss. Copp.r Mo.nitaiii. ■1.^7. h.i^Iit, ;157. foipiilloCity. ;J'». c.HpiUi*' Point.. w'.t.a'.N). 117. ■liitaiu'c friHii CiMpiillr ItiviT, 'WJ. lu'iKht. ;wy. riKkn oir. ;w.t. ('.Kiuillo Kivcr. :iVi, ;ts.H. :{ roiMl (mm ('n|Mt urfonl li^lit, :H-i. tiiniltnark, ^<«VI. reef, 3911. :anf«"<, :V». KtM»if riiphli'ul poRition ofi-titrant"-, 'VA. ti.le-. .I'.tl. inatrnrlioiiH for cnlrrini;, {'.'1 iiuiunetit' variation, '!'.«'. INDI'.X. (.71 heuriitK 1111(1 tli-.4luu('f f'uiii tintntli t Tri'liAn nftmofrtf, .10J. loiml north .if, .l'.!'.', 1 illr IliviT Itovf. I'.Ki. I'crMtllliniliDII <>M'iM|l|illll I'lilllt. ^'.«). i"|iiilli< Kuril,.')'.*). I'lioy, aw. tlintaiu'f from llio rm-k. ■T.hl. 'inlfi: llniik. H>-., ■.••.>j/j-j;!,-.'.li;.'.'V,i, xriDontiit Hiiy, \'iiiii7,. iiin!ioriiKi'. .^^7- cit'MTihnl, Mi7. . Capi-iirfonl IIkIiI'I K.i\ Ho. k.. )■.'■-' t'apo tirt'^ory hulil 3'J2, I'.iJ. !ioii..i' i'onn..miil Hay, Vn.unMv.Tl.,l,ii„|-c,„iiri„c(l. fr.'.li MuliT 111 ar, .'1 .7 I ■iiiiiiniiil I'a..^, I'limf s l.iVj;). ('i.riiwall l.aiKliiiK- '~\<'>. I'oniiiiiilii IliMtli. 17, I'.t.Jit. • 'oiiiniiilii. I'raniN.-o. 1 1, I •■iilniiailo lUili.l lan.li.iiirk, lii'.i'iilii.il, I'.i, Jil.il. I lnMriii»;M froiii, j:'.. ui'iiu'riiphiial pusilioii, 'J^'. I CorMiiailon, l.ii. Ij, i.i, !■,.. I'orniiii.liH IslarnN, IJ. l:i, Il.lr,. <'ornil llMrlmr.Saii Cliniciitu liilaiul. ' ili-siril.cil, 7'. Il.li'-. 7f.. <'nrti>, lidil, II. l.'i Cortes Hank. II, 1 1, ^7. iVi.'.K. |(lo, I Kci>i;riipliuiil p(isiiii>n,fi',l. I tiirri'iii.s. 711. I (Icrp-m-a .HiiumliriKH oil", 7ii. f'orti'S shoal, 1 1._**, 'nl, (i*», yri. Ciirffs, Mtt'aliHhip, 70, t'ostnopoli*, <1iihali... 1^1. Cosla U.i\a. K. I'o-lii iliiu.i.Saii |liii;o Hay. 17. (■,.,,(., );„■„, ,lii,, ;|;. ' Costa Si-ijoru. :iii. Costoii ti^iialM. (!.').■>. I'l.'ir.. Cott.itH'va ' (ivi-. J'.i.'i. l".w, liiMnnj; ami .li^laii.-.' from I'.ip.. Vizcaino, ■J'r., I'oinl ('iilirilla,'.".*'.. lU-MiTlhod. ',",».■». rocky i. clmrai tor of tlic ..liorc.'i'.i.'j, HWI II. _".*'.. inoorint; Inioys. 2'.t.'». niicIioraKC, J'.ii.. K^'Ulaphicai p i..ition, J'.Mi, niatinftic vari.ilioh. "J'!*.. 111. al name". 'J'."'i no i|, Ulcers to .'^iK'lIi'r Cove. 2'.f>. I .ittan.'Va, t're.k, i'.in. j Collain'va liock.'.'^ll.L".*;. , no known ilanyer- oil*. J'.'l. I <'ollaneva Valley. ■J'.i'), ■J'ji'.. ' (iinne-.i Monnil.:lrj. <■ 1> ,S.in l.ui..illiHp.), liVi. ( ■oinit.\ , >atit;i r.ar'iara, I."'.. (■.in»kie I'rei-k, a"'i al niKliI aK'ooil m.irk lor I'oinl I ;on1a,.'!i»>. Cove. .\ilani...''7. .Vpple 'rrccrml. .^rena. ■>■■<. ■.' Ikincia, IT", Hnller" .j7- t tipo, 4i'.'' I iilli ys, J7''.-.'7li, 277. I'aU.. Klannilli, U:l. l'auntleniy,i'.12,riW. I'criiUMin"". "Jfn. I'.rn '■I''. Iwk MillJV'.iC.l. I'.. iTny ",'.«!. Fori l!o»".2ra. (i.r-ll.'»,JV,i, Jiai. lliirH.'slnie. 17'-', •-'17. Knnler'.., ir.s. .llLkiH... -"."^. Ma.klinV. I'U. .Miinlin'-, i'."».i. Noy«. .:'<7. 2'»-'. o.ik, iVL'. I'a.ili.- Valle.\ IDl. I'.'iin'". OTI. IVH, I'llot. IV" I'oinl lli.-nvill.'. Wl. I'r.ni.l.mie, 'ill. it.ak, ■::7. Salmon Creek. -^\. Samclilo. l'<' SlUKllel. 11-' 1 1-. .Mi.-ll.-r. ■-".•i. ;liil , S'l'., :!n7, :!iw, 31'.!, 3-."J. Sim. niton. '.M, '.Hi. '.'T .■I \i% 67'-^ INDKX. < oV»\SiniOr"*.)*.ii7 Stiin^:»;lfr"*. '.»*• VVM. .s.>nil>ri.i Ml S. Tvvm IViik. 1*1. \Vhili'"l>'iro .'?.!. 'i'.il. ('ou'iU.|iin lli'jul. Vntirniivt.r |h'.ui»I. Vi7, <'.i«lil/ Itivir. IM.^sT. Ci.nljl; V«lli.y. \!7 Vt<\ l{...k. Il.-.|.|« ll,.;i.l. I.e. ih.«t»ini'0 fiMiii jilion', 107. ^tinkoii roi-k* iirHr. <'*7 • "ot.^iinli Mill" (Viliiiiiliiii l.'iv.r r..- |iVi |i;i ir. «'i' M Hull'. I ;r m ii.iri >i w.'st wiii'l... I; lantliiii;. I >J. <'«ii.) iiiit'lMtniifp. Satil.i IliirliiiDt < li (iiiti-l. '>l < .iy..l.. in-rk. t: »"ii.v..l.' I'.mil. *^.»ritrt UoHii Ulnn.i. '.«i. 'M. '.O. IVrtii.l.ih ■*|.il. ri.l.iii;., Il^iv VM. uco^niiihi. Ill l>..^ition. ."ii.l . (•ni|..i lt...k.S.iii I'l.iln. lliiy..T.i. M. itt'^rrilH'.l, v'l. Ill irki-il liy n Im.iy. .HI. C'rfCk. \.M.T. .'71 All ill .M.I.T. ni.ViO. A|>l<>-. Il.t. Iti'Br. f.ii. lU'iiiiT. Hi. lll-.'C. '.■'.HI. Ilirry :»17. Il....ni- 4t» llni-li. .'71, 17 1. in. ■ link. :«^ lliitant). I'M'. r»|.i- U17 ( 'MMINir. JVi. Xl. < tuilHtl. .Iiil. <''ii»iiiImt(«, f.'Jl. (•.lllnikllll. Vjl,.V.l3, <'l, ii»l>, IM. Connor, 4'C roimkiiv :iLtH. KhkI.-, Xli F^t.U. 4r. IK.. 411. l;ik. .'71. ill.. Ci., U' i'-l. Klon « IH" hour Milp. :«»7. l''ri'«lnv«liT. ."WH. Uiin-iii. -Jfi'i, .TO. lin-KorV- ■i'»7. Mar.-, x; lliililiHril'K. m. llilliliT ». .Vi'.l. .la... I.-. i.'H .lr!*n* .Nlaria, lifi. .1.1. l^-. Jdhiifton'.!. 'tH'.i. .IiikIimdiIIi- '."«< IjihiloK. IS7. .M.Uiinilil » rjo. Mi Hit. ■.'•il. M.inlrziiinii. 'ill Vfkanakiiiii, IVt. |>i>. IIH Snnla ITii/. I."S Saiila li.i«a. Il'.i. 1'JI. .*^ailKilt'l. I r>. Savai;... .17;!. Silionnir. 1.'4. .>li iv:-. 'ratik. till. h. liL".. •|iililaU....-.76 TaiiNy. li'.!! Tavl.ir'«.'>.'7. ■|Vn Mill', lim. im. |ii.,i. Triwk. I.W. Tiiniliw. IVi. Ty|.«o. 4H.I rkall.:l7-.'. r«iii.'.v." ValiMi.iH.il i. 11.1. Villa. IPi. 1 II. Virgin. -I'.i. Wlimconi.Vl. Will.iw. IIT \\ il.i..n «. :l|:l. \Vr,-, k l^.< ['n*!M-«'iil liny, ^■.'ii, .'SJ'l. am horayt'. 'i-li. r.Kk.'i.li VJi Ml. Irrm t I ily llii. Ill,.144. ri-«.<-nl( ily Hav. Un. IIJ ll'i, :IM. illlll.-i.ll I.I iiiak.' ..Ill wli.-ii a|i|ir.iaL-liiiiK..1l'> tlanuiTiiii.. all. li.iriiK.'. il'i «i/...;il'i. |.Uoi iii'i.l. .1 :ii-. no Hiiiik. I. r..»k« .iiit..i.l*' of 111.- viml.li' oiicn. i..l.'t« an.l .laii^'rr.* in Ih.- a|i|ir..a.-lif<...:tl.'i. roi'ka I.I till' ca..! ..ftltf an. li..rH|{«'..146, 347. «fl ..f. llfi .147. naillliK .lirrt-linnit. '•il'i. whi-llniK liii.iy.Mx. lU'l.th ..f «al. r 11* lirariiiif. an.l .liHtam-ON to ti.-l^lilHiriiiu o iikIii-Ii..ii».., iiH. ir>,.ti-..ij'j,.iiii..>n. iii..;i'. i f.i. ^■v^ i.'iii all.ialii.ii .tr... l...l«l,l, if. .'Iiiiia. KT ..r liiilll. !4'.l. ar. of vl«ililllly.:ll'.l litiill of vlnlliillty.'U'.l. K*'f. il'.*. (■uniniitiiU'nlloii willi Sun Iriin i. CrotM't'iit < Ily I'mLt, t'.T. I'r*""!*!!! iiti I I'.i' k , 1^7 Of ■<<-iit < ity K*'or. d". rrt"Mi-iil Uliiiid, .s|io*lwu!t'r Hay, 477, rrr"|ii. rHili.r Ufi. Crorkrr I4*k4*.fl;n. (•r.iok Tnliil .Umripllnn nf.'H.O.'S. 90,37. ilt*>H-ripti'>. ii(»ki'|io(r. ;t(>». 4|<-|iili iif ualf r ufl', .t'Vl, « INIiKX. G73 I rook'n Tolnl— ronllntipd. Kt'i'terftphicHl |M>nltion,3B0, I rot'ix'f. 4'ii|ituin, 70. I I, hillo M«''lit>.:il. , ,,|]*.y-H('i.ve. 21\ r:*'.. ?77. iK'nrltitf lunl iIimUiu'i' fntiii i*oiiit Arena llKht-houfto, 27ft. ('•yiwt Survey Htiilinii, 'J7»>. tfi'<)|frti|tl))«'iil tMiNttidii. 'JT't. tM>rllivvi>>tlHW<*ll lirokuii by outlyliiK rocks, 'Z7Ct. full) ^rniliid, '^(y. ptiSHtiKt* t(i wliiirf nnd chute, 277. \ tliuK'' iiriir. 277. latKliniirk. 277. Hl/.r nf iovi', 277. liurltorriMitiMirrtlivelyjittfo ihrouKhniit the year. 277 (U'pthof \vtUiT.277. Cullim Bjiy. ri'.iM. ilt'Mcriplion, riDS. ih-pth of witt«iH. ( unil)r>kdt< Ian .VtiiA**, IVnk.l'tH. lurnnt. l)rtviir« irit*hnn» i-.Mv. :t w.lVt. I'm, W'.».:i*)7, 120, l.'>0.4'> ( II rt fit I -4 III the ttdliltMi It nil iippruiuhcH. 227. I'tlily ftuixt riirriMil, 227. ||o4mI wiitcr, '227. el.h. ."UK. t*'i)i)H'naiir(> of tlu' wutrr in, 22>*. CuyUTH llrtrhi.r, r,7,Hl.'.M.'Xt,97. 'W. .ii's.rlhi'il. '.!«■. inttnit'lionH for vi'hjmiU ontorirnj,%. |nH)r luirltitriitc*'. '^i. fri'f*h \viil<'r frnm hitiiHf><«, 'iO. hyilrou:rii|ihir ^ki'toh. ri'frn'iiw to, 97. m'rtiiuhiry aHtrniiotnictil Mtutinn.'.C. Ki>o(;r>i|>hit'ul ponltitit),'.)?. tiiiiKii**ii<' viiriittiitii, '.'7. imiiM'ii III PiHTtii lit- ht l*.i'««»Mioii \ty riihritlo. 9S. ryprt'HH [tlrtitil, I{oi4iirio strnit, 'h12, .'t6l, '»<;'>, .vn. tlt>Hrr|lt«>il, .Wi. H'tf nir, V»4. iimrkcil hy n Imoy, Wl. kt>]p.'4il. (■ypr«HN ruint, !:l%, \U\. l;l«*, IH. CyprcHM Kock, i;iK. I W. niinkeii riK'U lu-ar, l.l>4. iMlioM Itftv. HiM>»l'i«rrtiuil. ii29. fk-tl. KtMtonil d*'»frlptii»n. '' I'likliiXVivf. Simla Ciiliihiiu Nlttinl. lU'tcriluMl, ho. All! honiti*'. ^". fri'^li wKltT, HI). hiilf'w I'liNHHKt', f>IH. Mitinitluii, (it^. ni/.V, i.l'.l. • It-plh of \%-Hl4T fn,f)19. iMirreiili. (il'.». l>Hlf'>« roiiit. \ AMh HI Ulaiiil. f'liT TilM ih-pthof wtkUr otr. (il-^ Ihtllrtt Hunk, oir I'r.il.'clloii Uliin-I. \{J, Ml, •'. ^C. V»i. l»,ilrynipl«*, titf.l, II. 17. /T. V». 'i-V I ts. HI, JH iHititi'N I'anmiiui-, I'nui't Sntinil, fi2ii ourrt'titK, ftJft. IK-'er, H.'IIinKhftin Ituv .S72. liiMliu-i»H i.ainlhik!, 117. r«Mt|«-r'"« Toiiit, liJ. CnVf s Itork. 27«. KnUtii-* Itay, llrt. . |*4tliil LiMint, I'). Miittlh' Kiimni.n l9>^,2Ul. (tn-HH Inlainl. ViM <»rfiiril lt«'*'f. ;iHO, -.iKl. I*uinl Arnm, 271. 17241 re — 43 [>MnKi>r. Pnint <'nr?ni'l. 1.17. I'liint ( 'iiu(t-|Hniiii,00. I'lihil lii-lxuilii. :iiil. I'lliila . Mini KriiiK 'SI II liiir. 2(13. Sun 1,111:4 llliirtpii Itiiy, 108, 109. Sun Mi|[ii<-I 'M. HuiilH Uurburn [slum], 81. Snnlu Ituwi. '.m. 'I'riniiliiil lliiy. Wl. Wlii.liiMk UiviT. :«!. Yui|iiin>i IIi'uiIh. II'.i, 120 Duriy IhIuikI. Caimlili' lluro, .V>7. 572. OnviMipfirl'M l.undiiiK. l^il loi'iilh>n. 151. rui-ks in 'in- unctioruKC. l.'il. whtirvi's. I'll. Diiviilni.n iiiHliDrr . iirrcni. ins. ll'iii. .isil, aW, 397. 430, iW, tW. MhiiliiMl 111 rri's.sriit City Ituy. iViM. Diiviil.Hini Itiuk. Kiisurio ■liie('|i-H('it ^niiiiilinus. '.f.!. 11 1. 115. UeiT I.Hnnnil..V,M>. |)« l'1-r.iili'.l 112. I>f liHlH'P INniit.tih"'. (lis. 111'.). |)«-li;u'lu l'..'iit. 2'.«i. .".IS. :li»i. 10,5. :|1IC. IKIS. W.1, 310, .119, .T21. ll.'lUFi.lii S'llinmrii"' Vullry. I'l-.i. i;tMii'riil tli-,-'ri|>ti"M, :iiri. Di'l Mar. lull. Iii'iirk in'ar,i'nii>.k I'.. int. mil. |)c M'.mH,.lli-il. I'."-. IKi. Inl. 121, 129, 4:1.1. 4 1 1,4 111. 1.11, 450. 170. 480. 191, I'l".!. Mil. .517. Iirnis liixk U.'Suri'iStriiit .Vkl. l>i'|iiirl'iri' lliiy.r..si,.5s7. llesciilis'i Uiiy. 12. |i.'siMii«>. I', "lit Mi'\i('0.'l<'..rripti'iii. 12. Ills lli'ilis Kivr '..'s. hi'si riplii'iis III' liulil-liiiii«i',s. rnn:-«inniils.liiii»yH. mill olIitT uul« to iirtviKiili'iii ii*ri-ri'nri',9. 111. IVsirrtun. Nliis iCin-iiniiiliis Isliiiiilsl. 14. llfslriiitiiin Islunil, I'm. 192. 191.195. I'.iti. I97,.'ili5, lii's.ri I. I9T siiiitlii'ii^l flirt' I'ri'i* fruui sniiki-ii rucks, 4'.i7. s'/iv t'.is. tl.ll'S, I9S, j liviriiKriipliv. 19S. ' I'lirrri'ls I'is. i i;,',.>;niplllrul pii-ill UW. hiuKiii'lii' vuriutlon. I'i9. priipiisi'il liulil li'.nsf, 199. liittniiK iiiiil .listuni'i' III Cupi' liisuppoiiilmcnt.lW (Iniv H irirlii.i 199 Ciipi' l:li/.iil>i'lli. 19 1 fuiiiill Met. 199. IV\lisCui1iin.i:12. Ih-viVstiul.- l!iHk.-2'.C.!ii<.i.:!ll.:lli5. r..iksiii»i'li-"f,:lii'.i I suii'l-'lril'l uli.liKslii.ri' iiliri'usi of, .1119. I niiiiintuiii siilfssti-i p uiiil llv.'li'ss.:UKI. I iii/.o,;ll2. I iMMUiiiK I'li'l ilislHiiii- fnii" '"l"' Mi'niloi'iini l.iKllt.Sr2. ' Pi.vil's lliMiil.''2.5. i ,|,.s,.nl,i-il.i.25. I ,||.plli,.f wiitiT..lf.«-,25. j ,.„iirs,. lliiMiic lo<>lynipiil.iV2.5. i IK'Vil's l.ilkf. r2.5. im\ s\ v« Ma^^ 074 INllKX. 1 =1 1'^ .1 r>^ -17 llml.l,., I'.iiiil, ITl, IT.;. 171, I7S, 17'." \t: Its, Jlfi, 217,'JI». ■.'211. 2'.T IHjlliln riiiiil.>«iilii «•*. -yinM'*'" "' ''l^ ItiniitT lHltin.fiH |l(».i|il.,.MiliiiiMil. fnpr. J rj i»: lit. |t\ ll'l. IM. i-VJ, IM, n:. ««!•., 4l'.7, I'.s. |i.;i. 171, 17.'. 171 171. t-l. Ivi. I«i. l'4l. cri. -.rt •■(W, Vm, M I ■Mi;. .■i-i7. l>i«>-<>viTy r.lHll.l Ml . Vr. MS. .Mfi. V«l. '.VJ, W\ W., I»7. .%!«(. .Ir«< riUil. v^< ilrtiiurr-* nrar. '»-S*l, UkIiI I1..1I-.. M1.SC,M">, V-urii|'li"iil 1'.. -nil. II. Vtl. iiirtiiiifiu- \ iiri lit. .11 V.I. iMMriii^ itti.) .jisljiut' to \iAfv lto.-kn lltf hl-h.iii^r, V»l l'..li/ II. ...k lii:lii li.MiK.'. .V>|. Ni'W li.iiiKt ii.H.. l<^lii-ti.iii«t'.%M I'ullil \\iIh..ii llicllt lloiiw. V.I A.linirtilly lli'ii.t IikIiI-Iiouhi', ViI. lltiii lliuik. VM. fiirlii.lKr Itaiik. \M .-iiiiilh - l.liiii.l llclil hoUM-. Ml. IHiM'l-oii l:...'k. •] .Silim.n ll.iiik. .ViI. tilloK. Wl. lilkliiiMl liy 'kM. I>ti»oo\fTy of III." Hhv of 'M. l>..m. yiri. Hoiiil, i..f., r.:T, li.l. ». i.-fi. Iii;hl ..n, i'..'i'.. I). .It! I r.liir. im oir IIhv'Iii. k liuok. IKI. I>..l|.lilii I'liiiil •Ml. I'.ll.i'lA .li'Kri I. I'll tteHriiii; an.t iliMtiiii<-«' from Italtory l*njnt, f.U. \Vi-,i i'.,j.ii hutitliiiiiiM'. r.M. I'o.flt I'llll) , Ml. an. lioru((t'. f".! I • it'lilli ..f uHtrr oir Olt. I>onif M..iiiiiniii IiC lu-lKllt. liC I>..|lii iK.ihl .i_' IK>« P.iel.l.. LmilIiii); Sunlii U.kitiHm » Imnnol, (VI. Ih.l Ho. k« I'Hoal s. I)..lll.lc< oi..- I>... k, J«.. ni'iir II.Kk|>ort. 2-•> 'j. Doillilf Ullltl VII ViTi VJfi V.I7. I>..iil>l.' h.H.I. .1 Itoik. Tillamook Itay. I I'l II.'. Ki'ot;rt.|>lii<-ul |N.«itlotl 111 iKilllilr ll.'.i.l it..<'k Tr'lii.U.I llrji.l. 1 fj V.l liTHriiit; .('..I .liHt.iurt* fniiii Triiiid.i.l llKlit-hotiJie, 33*2, fititlniici- from Kliorr. 'tTJ. ■I«f. IIJ 0.-|.tli of u'aliT nr.iiiii.l , TCJ. loiiikcm ro. k nrar, .1.1.', Koulil.- I'.-ak M.«li li-a.rilM.1, I.'. Koiililf I'.. int. I'.'J. I'jl Jii', .IpmtiI.i'.I, t'.i:l. lM*iiniitj itii'l ll.it)ui.n- from llalU'n.u* I'oliit, I'^l. roik^.:"Kr ' i. til I till I. r.c. Doiil.lo Point. . ^». U.Mil.l.' I!...k.:li'.i .li>tliiiri'. Wi Hi'ii I loll liiiik..li>i iin.l iM'tlilnt; fr..m t'oiii.itl l.'o- k ll>i r... k« li.irili'r till- Hh..r.' t.i Mii-...iil.l.- Ito. k, ■.;.' l.i'iiiflit: nil. I .liHlitni-i' rr..m l.'..^ii(' Uimt, 17-' |l.iilt:lii!« IhIiiii.I I 'hi. Ill .Ir lliiro. ''.'i7 l>..iii;la>. M. .111.1 V.7 Ih.iitilily I'. .11. 1 v.. Dnlk.'.-iir I'riii. iH, . ili.,| |i',, I'.ll, I'd, ly7, J'fJ. .'17, 2H. .'71, li.i :., Uruk.' - liny |..« |i.l ill. I'll. •>\/>; I'll aililiillon. I'KI. i>ll..ri' Hill'. V» iiti.'lioriitti'. i'>-'l «w. II. I'll m«li II. I -4 f. .1' iipproiirliliit; I'.H li.l.'.. I'll i 'oitHt Hiir f\ *Iiilt.iii I'll Ki-..t:rii|>lii.'iil poHilion I'.il. ii.iiKiM'l..' X iirtiitioii, l'>l S|.iiiii.4li iiikm.-«. I'.ii I'j*. llniKon < liillilli'l. IM. :l'il, MX': nhlllltioll. :l.\l. wlillh :m li ii>;tli,.ivi not ri'.-oiilliM'n.lr.l, '7 from llir.li r.iinl,'i71 » liiini. I*'r ol Hli..r.' Ion'. ■%7A. ilrplli of wjiU'r, .'i7i'. I.ii.iy III fill run. r t.i "»7i« fMiliiit; .liri'. II..IIII, %7i'. Ii.li-. '.77 .li-.ov.-iy ..I .'.77 |lrn> Ion 1'.i«»,ik.- I'mrrl Saii rli'int'iili' l"lan.l. 7J. 73. .I.'., III.. .1. .1 anrhoriit;. . 71 ro.k- 71 /); llin^'l.r. .lickill.ii.* UlviT. tiVy liiiiii.' I'.. lilt '.".i, r>. II.. 17. IS, 'HI, vs *i. Huiih' (..».•. 41'., !'>. I'l. .1.* riU .1. I'l Iniiiiaii. . 11. .1, M'', M'l. linn, nil H llii\ , >' . Ni'iv. M.".!. Ml. iMiiitiriit'N* ItiviT. DniiKt'in'^'* Hay, S^*.!. fri'«li ivat.r. V--I • ll..!.- ..(. Mil Ilil'.l/i' II I. Vuni-oiiv. r Uliin.l, M'.. Iliinlri' Ho. k M 1. M .. '..'1. l«Hiliii; an. I .li-lai.. .' fn.m r.tl.i.i-li l-lan.l liKlltlioiisc, '.I''. ili'liili of t« itt<'r iiroiin.l, M''. lni«fWiillijt.4 l;t\i-r. I'fci'i, I>iiti**^or u'liarlintfiT i.tl Dull. n.. fill.' |K.rI->varileiiiof "^nn Krain I-m'o. f.« Inniiiml.li Hay. itt'i. r"i. -i/i-.if,. I'htraii' «■ t.i. I'."*'.. Iiarl...r ..f -.•nttlc. l'»«".. Ii>.lr.>t:ra|>liy "f. ''''* li.l.«. >»i» known If. l;ll|..ir« l!a> . '»'■> iMiwaiiil-li III*. 1. 1 '"."7 'I" iN'iirlni,' iiii'l .lialiinii' I.. Iliill.ry I'oiiil, i'*i7 \Vi-..l I'.. ml IikIiI lloilK',1'1117. «lior.--llin-,''.o'> .li'l'tli ..f ualn .>lV,ieil,l'J'i Ihiiliiiry rniiil ('mitiniMMl. r.rf. IT.' mil litlMlKi'. r>- i.iiiit. r.c lunlmry U.Tf, l'fJ..ir..Jii'.>. 210,211, jm/Jly/ril. iMrnv .1l'> (litirilii'.l Jir. coiirrtt' lui'l for Ihc whitilini; huoy, Jti't. itiiiiii Hlitp t liiiniif'l. '_1)'i. liotii't.i I'liiiMiii'l. '.Hi:,. hrHriliu: iukI •liHtuncf tu whittltir,; Iturty, 2't.'» riiiiui -III]... luitin* I Jiin. TfniH'HHcr « o\ ('. 3ift. I'liilil IJcvr- li^'l.l■lllm•^l•,2(l^. llinilili' r I.'JIIS llillliMiu!< l'Minl,'J<>'. Ilnxl.iirv Uii.f..1>r.. r.ilhl ll.iiiclii, IikIiI lioiinr.'JOfl. Ihi' n liilrl, i'nrt Dnhiiril. idis lP>ki' I'liinl, Ml Niil Ii.l«iiil,h2.'. i:. IjikIo Cm'k, I'lirt I)i'M'OMTy,'>.H. KIHxl HIM ItoriiKi'. '•'tl. I':rkI«i:I>'m liiilrh. IMi K»kIi- Miirlior, lliiiiilii i>li;<- iHlHiirl.iVir., fHK). -i/i'.i.ii'j. .Iipili ..r wntiT iiLfi!'.!. •.iiiliiia .liri'i ii.ii.H for r.iri. I'.UkIi' Uluilil. I'llKI't S^.llllll.fi-I. ^riK'nil tli"^rri|iliun of, (l.'l. ilrplli of wiitrr iiroiititl. li'.'l. K.irl. I.uki' il-v I'.H IjlhI llrotlii'r lii{lil-lloii'. ilmmrlir of Hulil, '.'W. liinil of \ i«iliilily,2:l',i. Ki'otfrupliiiiil |M»Hitioii, iP.t, InikUlH-lh- viinitlion. ~l:t. Ix'Briiii; mill ilislmin- to I'oiiil Pinole, Il'l. whiirf Hi -'HCl tilM'hllll.'JP.l. Ki-.l Ui.ik.2f,i. < 'Hiiro I!... ki .J'l'i Sontliiirii|
  • n ■^lliml, M'J. AllK*') liiiitlil/J.!'.'. >tiruiK roi kn. :IV>, ili-|illi iif wiih'r uroiiiiil, .'t-Vv I'.lwy'ji LiiiiillUK. Ailiiiirally lleiiii, V«i ICioliiCrirk. US. III'.. Il'.l. known 111 l:ik I 'ri-i'k. ll'V. EiUt ll.-.k, I'orl \ni{ili-",.V.'7,'.2'J. ilfHi'rilM'il .'t/T. frrHJi \viilrr.%.'7. Hailing .liri-rlloti'*. "i',*?. llKlll-lioii.r. ^:'l. V.'ii. "CT, Ml -il.%. '.H, 'i."!! ,.\'>2. ilrMirilii-il, rijs. uri:iiiil llmll of vi»lliilily.'i2.s. KroKnipllii-.ll pi. 1111011., -ijs, niiiKni'l'i' viiriiilliin, \2f*. iM'tiriiiK iiii'l illHliiiuT from stripi'il I'l-iik, .'^■''. I'lniit AnKt'li i.'»27. fuK-niKil'^'.''^'^'** ilrsirilMil, W1. iH'nrliiK hihI ill!.tan.i' to I'illm I'l.int vjv. Uila.l.l.ih M.iii.l,V_'<. ItHi'r lilaii.l I.kIiI-I.oii.v- bm.y otVCrcsi-i'iit Hay li INIIKX. fiTf) 52S, ,K,-k.52M. KiliA riiiok, I'orl \ii_-i.|i., riiiiiinueil. fou Niuiial, '.-'s ( oiitinili-il. IniiriiiK an. I iliitaim' In KiiiiiiinHU llKlit-li<>UHC,ri2X. Vli ti.ria lii>lil-hoi|ii-.."i2s. Port IliM.'.iv.TV liulit-liiiuiio. Vjx. New Duiigciiuift ligUt-lluU9L',5^8. Killlll I'oilll. 211 211,21'.. KilniilM.I Point, I'lil:'., la-ariiiK aii.l iliiliin, r friini Piiint No I'nliil. mil. West Pollll lil;lll-lli)imi-,l'.(l.'l. ili'iiTllii'il..j.:i .li-ptli 1.1 WatiT Ili.iA'l. Ki'l Uiv.r. Ll'to, .'.2l..lMi. ili^l.iii.i' In. 1. 1 »'iipr l"orliiniii,T21. I api' MiMiil. .lino, 321. liar ilrri.HH niniitli. o2l. iMitrmii'i- narrow. ;!2I. ill |.tli ..f waliT on tl.c liar, ^122. lraili..i.'-in in. irk. ,12 J ili'plli ..r w .lir al.rvimt, .122. In. Kill ,.r, l-j. Ili.l.ilii iianii*. ,122. wlii'ii .liHi-oviTi-il. .'[22, liiii.y at till' iiilnin f, :l?J. I>l Itiver Viilliy. :i2i. I'*l Ciiinil lU' Santa Itarliarii. r.i'.. M Kl Ciixo niu'liiiniui', Santa llarl.ani ( 'Imnnel. til. 1*15. ili-n-rilirtl. 111, t'/i. ki'lp, I'.-v KroKraphiral poMition, '2>. niai;iii>tir variation, t'lTt. Kl Coxo V.illvy,('.2, r..-!. Kl .1.11.1. Point, l.Vl, l.'.l. r,'.>. iri.'i. hriakiTi. iM. la-arini; iiinl iliatanir to Point I'iiioi llKlit-lnnnio, l.'^l. I'oilll Anc. .Nncv.. foy H liMlr. 1.10. iiiast to Point ,Vni. Nurvo, l".l. Kl Morn, llia.liii.iii 1 lilan.l . ;I7, 'ii. Kl I'.ixo. I'l'X . II. l;i I'll, lilo ill' 1.1,1 ( 'an. .111, '.7. Kl I'lli'l.lo .li- N.ii'ilniSf.-ionl .li' loi AiiKcli"* ' l.os Alit5fli'B),44. Kl P.iiTto .!.■ San Miu'iit'l San Ilii'Bo Hay., 2t'.. l'"l Kiinnn iMnl.iiri'iiili-ro. fti. KM li.li't. Piiiji'l Si.nnil. .;2i'.. Kl.l lilan.l, llray 1 llarl.or. 1x2. Klk I'ri'rk. '.'71. IH'.. .'n.'.. KIk I nek. 111'.. nam.- I'or ICi-ola Crt'i'k. II''.. Klk fri'Pk. ( lii-lialii Kivir, W. Klk Moiinlaili. 111. tl«, I'.Hl. Klk Hive-, :12H..'177,a'«.'S, wi.llli aii'l ili'plli of iiioiilli,:l77. nit.n.'.i for. t7i Klk Hiiir. (ir;i.\'i lliirl.or.W2. Klk V.illi-y. I'm, KUi'iiiliiiriil. 1711. Kllli'i- Poiiil. IV.i. liJI. |i'.2, l.'ki. |-.llliior. M t, I'.J'.i. 1.:!.'.. KUi'.t Point. PoiM'iiion Soiiinl. riiji). (Wl. KlIiollH Hay. iiiiini' lor limmiiiiih Hay. OTJ. Kli/.«. Krunrimo .li-..'vV.., '.'.'.. ■'.7ll. .'.72, '.7'... Kli/ll. lilllf of. 'if' Kli/ii liliin.l. I!i.*iri.. Stniil, M'^t, •'■)7I, -172. .li-.ril.i-.l, ".72, 1I....1I .111,572, Kooil liarlior niMlr, "2, Kli/al>.lli. Capi'. ivi. I'm. I'. I. I'.i2, 1117. 1110. KInia. t'lirliali- Uivir, lil. Khvha Hunk. .■>27, ili'plli of w.ili-r on. '.27. l:lwlia Itivrr. 'VJi'. kikhI pla.i- to ii'iniv fn-ili whUt. W7, Km...'., linii, I'.l Knipii'«' Illy, ''I", ■l'-'-''. ■''■'''• l\in'.'iip,ili liliiti.l . \nai-apil lil;iinl>. si, lOnnliil. Hay. Hnrniril Inlot, .'.■*:l. Kiisi-imilailiSan ,\n.ln-. San Pi-.lro Hay. .17.41. KiiK'rprii.' I'lianni'l. Vain'onviT lil.iml. .Vm Kiiti-rpriii- Iti-i'f, V.tivr I'aii.'.s'.. I'.nlriin. r lilaml. ■'isi'.. l.mrk^ .ippn.arl.fs lo N.inaiino liarlior. r..sfi. Iii'parturo llay.SSii. i 1'^ k! f ■ mn 'ii> i ■iMitmp r,7(] INDKX. r:m M .,(' I I'ntriiiii't' Nliiriil ( 'oiilinunl. lllttil luiii«i- ".:». ■■».'. Mil •rtft.Vtft. t ItiiriitiiT i»r liKlit. ^^'' i>r. iiimI ImiiiI ..f vMI'IMIv VXA Ur*»t£rH|i)lt< III iHMIltillM. .%^l IIIHUIK'lll \ lirirtttlMI, '»'«'• Ix-iiriitK iitiil iliMlikitii' tiilSitiil \lktti<*(in tii;hl-htiiiM*, %'* yjn>tki\n h'l rjM)iillniill M.irlxir. Vitiii'tMivi'r IfllikDil. MA,!VH4, ill"., rilir.l M>. r..«>ki« in 11 iitrmi.-v. .Mrt. colli inltM'.* til till* li-ml tir. Mrt. htllil li.iiiw .•i."<. Ml..vr ;VB,.M6,»2,I«5. nltilllllnii. '.t(i ilo-irllH-.l. ">«f. • Imrii.l. r of IikIiI. M'. HTi- iiimI limit .ir vtailiility, S47. |{e..Kni|)lii.'iil iNimtliiii '.47 known ii« l-'i«uiii.l I itflit. "^47. ulii-n ^itflilP.t. MT. UHi-fiil 111 ii| loriii Htirhor. ^47. briiniiK .iii'l >ltnUii.« to itix'i' Nhiii.l UkIiI ImilM-. M«. |;iiiii{i'iu*«* lik:ln-limi«i.. %W. rnint WiUiii liKlilliiiiiiir. Ml*. I'.irtrliliiP I'oint Mi (•inith • Nlitii.l IIkIiI lluilKC. M* Trial lulitlid, M9. tl.lm. M7 [■*«if>r.i ill- t'nrplnti'rta, Kef. Ijiuto- IIhv, ll.V .IffM'rtlM'il. 1 1.%. liyilr.>fc:riililiy. 1 15. .liintfiT* 1 1''. Kuliroi I'.iinl. 11^. IJS. l;a. KuKi'iii- lily, US. KiirrkH. :il« «t. rv.'7. %■». riiiii-rBli..l|N.:EiV. tide.. IJT Bi'iticriiiiliuiil |M»»itlnii. TC9. niiitftii'Iip viiriAti.iii. 'IJV. Riiri*kii >l.iiii:li. ^-~ * KviiiiH IS. tut. Tilt' N'lirrnw*. f<\% I'viiin li.K k Til.' Nurri.w.. 1W». Kv.r. It . iI.mI 4JI1. I'.u'lnu l!;irt"ir, 'T7T. i,»in.-for l'..ri iirforil. :C7. r/tiK II .ii.Ml. Ifil f „..,.). •h.K.n.T, .-.M lixi>lonili!i;\|N-.llti..n.ltr.| tW I'l »M. (V, (iVI. K..1 «f.9, |xr.,.Vil. VTJ. .Ml UJ VK. .VV". '»'■>'. 570. '>*.!. VJ7. iy>i, Mil. net. (•i\ K»irtmvi.ri l!«y llplliiii{hkiii Il«y.^71. ^:imhI liHrlMir -'.71 h'mrway l '1iiiiiih'I,.'i*7. iimrkiMl liy Imoyn ^K7. •l.'lUli.if « liter %H7. aiirliorHK.*". '»*'7. CMirrciit* 'i*7. riM k* '."7 Kill. .Ill I i<|M- 4,4<9.«SO,«Sfl. K«l...ii ll.H'k <»|- I'nlioiiHJ, li:i. K»liiM.iilli Mmiil I'.l IM, im. y,tlm„uih i.l....|> IM. Ki»l~- li«v ir, l7.-.'7. J<.:«i. KhIm- I nil- :rjii iiiinii' for < H|H. KiirtiiiiMA. 12n. F'liU.- < H|«- Unl)wi4rlrl.'t.'.*ii|.'Jii-J. I'lirHll..!!. •niiiiii'iKi inifi. I'C an. riirmlltiiif". (.iilf of 111,.. 7, 111. f.7 l«l. Pli.iif/, 1.,./. «iirvi..Tiiiu lirlu, 7.itl. «".\ I'.rJ, I'JH, Ml, ■'Wt. .Ml, Wl,Vi7, ft" '.71. '117. r*ts, KniintliriiyCivt'. r.iw<.|i«l.iii S.iiiiiil.i'il2, 1'.l.l. •Ii..t.- liiH.i.l.'.i'.l 1. fri-ill IViltiT At'.'l'«Mllll|..lll:{. ili|.tli of MHlir oir. I'll I. rililiillt.r..> It.itk. III'. II7,.IH. II hi.l.li.ii iliiiiut-r in ti|.)>roiii'hiiiK Tri'mviit 4 'ily iiiK'liorHKi*, i4»- ■ lp|.lli of wiiH-r iir.iuii.l. llrt, |iH«Mii|{t..\viiy .■!! t'llln-r Ni.li., :tlA. t-anti rii *iilf [iri-f.-rrt-.l till l.lloy I Umf 1... lit.. U-urlii); mill dlalibiirt- from lltiiiti.l It... k. M4I FHIt'ltni I1..1U It.Kk. :UC 4'ri.M.iMil I'lty IlKllt-lmilw, 'Wt NMiiili'r Uliiiiil lin. foul Kr.iiln.l . toiK- tti, .111*. rHiiiiili.i<.,i It.K'k. :ii:i..lli. iM'HriiiK Mii.l .iiitiiiit'i' I'roiii llulit'lioimr, 313, tlr).tli t.f \i lit. r on iiinl Mroun.l, .W'A. ruiiufn for. 11.1. Itrt'iikirH. .11 I |N.«-iiliHrlly of. 11.1. f'.iioril.i, Inirk. 1 1^. f'lll.irl'.i. uliip. J|.*. I'riirlf"» 11.. rk. T.i« ..iiiikrn lotk. "fit. bi'Hiintj iiiitl tlliliint.|. friim I'om^II Point. 198. Ku<>» IIVHil. fM. ffKlliir l{lvi'r.J4<. r.-rKuion'* I '. .VI'. 'Ifu , r.riiiiii I'oliil. .".I. ll,.Tfl.T:,1.i. ;l9.«liiriil |N.tlllli.M. Vil, lltllil on •..iitli.'rn |.oiiil. Mil. Kt'oKrii|.lii.'Hl [.....llion, VII. Il.liiln.. Muii.l ll.H.ii,ioSlriilt..Vil. -.«, W1, (Xn, .l.-a. rlU'il 'it'l. Ill-l.l II l.iiii.lliiu. t..''.. I-". I'm ■(." k. imiiit. lor Aroli l{.>. k, Lnl. Kiii.l.r II... k 'tl Kiii.lliiy tititl I'l '".7,1V. Kill' Ik.iiIii InirlM.r. lil'l. I'lri' llill an. hi'lKliI, «>4. iliHliin.i' from I'l.lnl l>i lu'K.lii '\^. li"HHi.l iHlnn.l Viiii.-oinir IhIiiii.I. .Mfi. Fi«k -Mill l'ov,..■J^'.'.■;>il iM'iirliiK iiml .linliiii.i' from '-»1' I'oint, 2C1. ile.i rilN-.l -111 H00.I iiHtfr. -lit. no .liinifi'rN '.t,! miniiin'r iiin-liorilKi'. i^lil. niiHiriiiK IlliCH '.'til, ki !|i jni VV il. ;il, r>i;i,llM,r itiu-li(irHK<'. •<'■ liiiiisi', :W' w. 91. '.I'*, ii?, r.i. IMU'.X. 677 I'l.li riii.k- IfA.'.w. ■.•I- '.Tn. IwHriiiK iiimI iliHliini I' friiiii lliiviirn Vin li"n»K«.'Jii«. I'liliil \n'iiii.:i>>>. ' Mitvi'ii'M Ni'tk,"Jii»i. iil>.i-/.i.n. liriHi'ilM vi'KwN fnini iiiirlliwi'"! hliuvs, Jc'jO. ki'lp.-'mV ili'pti) of wilier lit »r. '.'■'•'i. iHltllilll.'.'i'i KhlitTiiiuirt Huy, Jf.-*, riKlirrniiiir" lliiy, llimil't <'iiiml.i>H I'lnlll'llllllir" <'tni', l'« ri«iiiTiiiiiiri I civi', i-.iiiiiiii> I "M U'li riiii.i :'i, hh. mirli"r»K>-,'«i. lisliiTiiiiin " llurlmr ■ I i'|itli tif wiilt-r uniiilnl. ■^'>-. Iiiw riK'kN til tlir iiiirttirih.Ht, :t:t'J. KlRt Ui..k, .17 i.iu'.:il7 •IIMniiir fri.iii HbII'tv ToIhI, .17. .Hl.'illnli.iut K.il'U, lt7. whtirf. 'tt7 Khil It... k .IV. iM-iiriiiK nil. I .liHliiim. fr..iii Wliiili' Uink.Wi.'N. Iiilntil, .liplli .if wnl.T iir..iiinl, IV. Fliil ll.Mk.l'iii..' Kli/iilMtli. IKl. l.rcHk. I'.M. I'lul l{.nk.:M(. .lo«.ri'.<-.l.:wi. I'lnl r..|. Ii.liiii.l«. ■>"«. Klatlrry. <-iip.'. I'i. :lM.:l|i. WW*, ••'l. H<, I'.ri. 1%. I'.W,.VH, S.i: .M.'. .'>li'...VJ'.i Klniii.'..vill.'. Vilhn;.'. '.'T.!. Fhin<:i /)..i,.)...i...liii., I'.m. KoHBLM 111.' I'a. 111.- <'>mJ«l. -11. tircMtlftit ill BiiiiiiiitT, -;il. .•nil*.'.. ..f. ■J.'ll. |M-.-uliiirilloH ..f. '2V2. Kug-aluliul, .\illvi' l'a»H. ^•<\ Al.aira/ l..lan.l, l Ixlan.l. Kl. All.. Niit'vii. I.Vi. K.h/ H....k.^2». Fori I'.ihil. 177. liuiiibuuit iiKiit-iioiim'. :as. M". K..K nlt-iial. I. nil. I'..iiil. 177, 171. 171. N.'\.' IlllllUIMl.'HH, Ml . M..iiliiia I'l.iiil. IV., 11.11, 171. I'lKl'l.ll I'liilil. IVi. I'l.iiil 11.11. lilt. 171. I'.. Jul r,,ii<'. i.i'liiii, 1.7. I'.iiul l!.'Vi». I'.i7. i'..iiii It., I. ill... I.. I'.l.'i. I'l.iiil H 11-..1I. r.;i7. Sii.illii'a-I I'.iralli.ii. 'JO). Tiil....sli lilaii.l.r.n. 'Iill.iiiiii..k Itiii'k. IIH. Wi-I I'l.iiil lani. Vi.'l..iiii lliii'l...r. M'.i. N .rl.^i llii.'iia Ki. ri.rl.i'H I'. .11. 1, liiiii.iii. > i:ay,i.ii|, i'.ii'J. limrki'.l l.y a liii..y i.M K'-' Ki.riii y'«r..yi-. Simiii irii« Nlaii.l. *.. w.'Jli. I'l.rl U.-lliiiKliaiii "iTi. '.Tl. r..rl llrauu.^- Iiiariiii; ami .li-laii.i- fr.im Niiy.i ('<.v<>,2(W. il.-H.ril.i'.l.'J.-- .Ii'l.lli ..f "iili-i J-< \ . rv n.iky. -'..^. nhi'.llii.u I y ni a|.|'r..a.'li I.. l.artw.r.'W". (•..iir». ml.. Iiiirl.iir. J-'H finlii..tl' an. li..ra«.' in ,«..iillinml Kali'li.2.'«. Tort Canil.y r..liiii.liia Itivir. iv.i I'lirl i|iiiiil.i.l.ll. I-" I'l.rl MuHiin. 171 K.irl I'.iilil. Ii-.i. 171. 17. 17.-.. I7>, Ifi. ■■•I. HI. I<<. I-'J. 2117. 'Ji:), 214, 21'.. 21.'.. 217. JH. :;.ii, :-'l. 227. 22)i. l.iariiiK iiii'l .li^lali.i- fr..ni Sral Hiii'k, 17'".. .l,.s,Til..-.l. IT'. mink. 11 ri.ik ii.ar. I7i'.. llKhl-'l.mH.'.'l7l. ITl-.. I--'. IHI, K'., IW.. llC, l'.)0,2nn, 209. 210.211, 212, 211,217. .Imrai'li-r ..f linlil. 17i'. arr ..f vwil.illly. 177. HPi.trraplii' »1 l>.."ili"n, 177. niat!nili.' varialiiiii. 177. boiiriiiK anil .linliimi- 1" ^^e"! Kmk. 177. wliiHlliin;-lm..y, 177. s. Iv l'iirBll..ii linhl-h.iiiw. 177. I'.iiiit It tit lii;ht-Iu.ii.M'. 177. I.iiiii' l'..iiit f..u-tvlii»ll|. 177. Al.atrit/ liKlit-li.iliBf. 177. llla.k I'.iilit. 177. Yorl.a liiiiiitt Hslit, 177. f..>:l.rll. 177. il,.Mril.o.l. 177. l.iK.y. 177. iii»lriiili"ti» wlti-n pftHHiiiK out. 177. ^pmii^li lutiti'."* fi.r. 177. l'„rt I'.. ill! li'iKf- 1^'' |,..,,ii,« aii.l .li.Hlaii.rfr.ini iM.rl I'ollit llKltt. 185. iiiuik.-.l liy l.ii.'V. l'^''- Flirt l!i.-». -IT.-r.l. K.irl KiL-t.. r..nit .\t.'na.-W>. Iiv.lr..«riii.liv.'2'>''- I'orl K..«" A I. ■li..raK.'. iV.. 2I>1, 2l>'>. il,-s.rili>'.l.2'''- .lir.itiiinnf "l""''' '-''" Mliort". 2.'.it. ,,,„.„ t,,*.iitliwi'»l»«.ll. -''>'■•• purtialiy „r..U-.'t.-.l Ir ,orlliw..,l »«ell, W. „„..iriri; I >-■ -'■'"'' slink. 11 r.xk.2-''*.. iiiaik.M l.y a Limy, M. .l.'l.lh .if walir, -:*\. «il.. ..f.2.V., .laniJiT". 2-"i7. iiirr.-nt. 2'>7. tVm»t>nr--ey »lali.>n, 2.17. p.,.i;rai.lii.ali...-'ili"n.2'i7- iiiaKin't'*' vaiiatii.ti. 2IS7. M-tlU'il I'V Kn.«'ittn''_._-'''- l'y.h'..I'ml.liyV'f tin- "'«'•' 'H-lwcen lUxU'K'a ll.Mt.l ami, 2.->8. F..rt'i:..>«l'"int.2^2. Fi.rl StiilBi>ioni.021. 1--1 1 ftn i 9I!!|| Jl II ij Gl^ INDK.X, ^l.%\^ '. rw if I'ltrt *4t,>vt>ii« i 'Mhintliti* lt)\ 11 KPiHCrii|ihlltii< itl |Hf*lliiin. \\2. iimsiirllt' \iiriiitii)n \\'2. 1'iM.okl I'liinl. K»trt'i« I ;IM. Illy (I ; ir», tjit. iji K'T i:.'. I ;i. i.;j in. I ;< l''»nir Mile I'rrck I*'. Four Mil>- i rvi k Hiuk tiC n>'rniil nf Knur Mil«' rri-i-k. it"7. ilii«(iiiic«- frntii nliori'. b>7 ilr|Mft of i^iiliT Mil. 'feiT. iiii! iil%vA> « lirciikirv «>ii, HIT. Kniirth of July \iii-liiiriiK<' Nlllt;l ( iltalllui IhIuiiiI. '■*. Ko\ ("luiil. rill- NHrrtiv%«. t.Ji'. ft-'I , ti«. Ku« KtH-k. II-*. IV.. n:. i«y* ri. r».. ItfAnnfC Mik'l ilisUkiKv from < a|><< urr<>r.iriiit( r>f witlcr HnMiiul :tHii. tn«tni<'liMii to vt-noi-U LI) pit«<4l(it;. k<«t th ikruitr* mill tlinlH Kmiu-i >• I'lirtit. V> "iTI A>'iiir.>Ml riirn itl" 'fj llKlit-li<>ii««' Hi piitriiuT, %'<2. il<-*<'ril>ft.iti**J, be«riiiK and dinlaiirf to I'mtit UoUTt*. ^>-2. SHliirriit Inliiucl, 'm.v Arlivf |'a«^ lli:lit-IllMIJIO. %Sa. rnriicr I'luit, ''*.', *i»liriitltfc IUm'N. *.sj linlrriiKt' UIiiipI llt;ht-lhiliiH'. r*H'I lt.:iiili,! I'ui. I t.ny 5rta. 4liiM-o%'rry '. i. %hJ. li.liit. :>^.'. Kmy»«r> iVint, s.iiila rrii/ I^litiitl. s|,k'». v*. Frrmifiit. I'rijf, III Kri'iHli I ItHrl I'/.C. II, II. rr<>*(M.rl I»t(WHini-li IIi'H.I.r^»N Frt-ti \\ )*t. r Hay .',_V Hin 'iirriinf ill u'oixl Ufallirr, M,"? l)iutH-<* fur. .'>^. Frf*li«(ili'r Inrk, l>. Fuc» I'li'-f r. TiitiMwli NlumI, r,\ |, Mfl, d.«.nU-.| Ml khiiu II an IMiiiiatjIi* Korlllo «Ucil, '.N (oilMtllii Nliiihl. %<*iV%>C iiiiirknl l>\ n hlark I \ . ')<*«> li'diiiiK illiililitlaiHi lo I'd I rami' Nlitixl hutil lioiiitt' 't^. I'o itl Xlkinxoii IikIiI lirt Aili\f I'h'*'* IikIiI litiiHi . '»*«■ (iiiliuno . iioi:ll r'i»-«MiKt'. '^''-< l.afuMi- Ttirl. yCi ft;»«.(;,T.t;[|,iti.' (tniit ftiioiiili frotu Toiut Anna IikIiI, .T I ftliotf line iinrlllW rtrr Iv.rl .'i«^M..V»u. tiiil »inrry I'omt, Fraocr llivrr,%Hl Iji4\itaii MoiinlaHit. )•>». ()a\llaii ltl\< r M<^ (iiivlulu l4*iuliUK.>Minta Harltara < liannil rlimrllMMl.r.l. wtiarl tIcM ri)ii'l ^1 iimU, t>l laixifiill.f.l Hni-horuK'' ti> ar.'>l tlillH,!.!. ki'l|i iitl.r>l. <.ii\ tola l'a«,%7.ri-Vft.{. r,| (ittvidtA iVak.Sirrra < 'oiiif|N Ion, iliM'rilM'M.'Vt u<'«>Kru|ililLut iiuMlllon.M liwlney I^IhikI Mw, V.i-i. In iiiKl'llfnf iNiri (•unlnrr.ri'/.*. Kl'luml l.yH. ttenrral naitiiiK iltriHlHiiii for n|i|ir(MU.titnKm>*l cntrrtiiK Ntu I'r.m rtmii May, '.'I.* lin|HK)t rrt-i|ii('iii. jij ii|>proa< hi* luvorHt'lr, Jl.' iiot I iiii in lat'- at niKtit. 21.1. how (o . roH-^ ihi- l.ar. .'M vcMH-N mIioii1»M'U iiiii"! not In- iil \<\ f li» trie 11^1)1 «n l'»-l'' k'rapli llill Jll ^t'lM ral tmicK^'il '*>■"*- -' '< -''■ rrtiiMrk<« U|Miii till- t'oHHlinK nu^ iKiiti*r. til Ihi. k or foKny utatlict, 2l'< wkiliii^ rlir(i'tMiii>« u lit- II f-oiniiiK from It ir urNlwaril.'.'IT. MHillii;£ litre tioii* u Itrii I nmiiiK Iroiii tin* north \vi>h1\viihI Jl- nailiiiK 'htit tioiis for vr-wU i iihrlnt: ''V tilt' Itohita i tianni I up|iroii4hii>u tin- ln*r III ht*a\y «oiillnii»t wi-atlirr, '-*.''• ^t-mral ft hiN-N of a \ t NNi'It' fifK- wliistl<*. 2%i. iUK'lii»riii»{ on thf Imr. »l liavtnu tin- liarhnr nf, 2ii t'tirn'nt-> m llif ii<>lii tiuU* nnU upproiK-hi-M, 2'.*7. <{r,.-ial W.tnti,. pmiH-llt-r. wreck. 4^7. Clforn''. «H|H-, .Vtl, Vtfi. urit|iliiiiil liinlllnll. '.1^1. nmuiMiii \ iinitll.iii, '.'lil. ili'lilll iif willrr .'III Irrml lit' iiiil'l llIM'. -'"I. fli'Nii Hiilir xlii-iilii lll'lir 'Jl'l *illl>lil>lliil >*ilii Nll'iillIK Uliliul Tii. (iliiil" I iinilinu. ir>. (liliooM I'liihl. riH' Nnrniw" I'd (iIk lliiiliiir. rill' N.irniwK, (il'.i. ■ nil Ill li'JII i.iIi.iii'k IUiiII*. :I|i1. KI'lliTuI •lrl«l>ri|llilitl of. Ilii. niiiiii- ili.initi'il. .ilii, liillnrl .1 .1., « I, III ,V In , .1 K ,1 l.llllfriiliirr of uillri uii'l « m ii'iil" n'- -'-T.'--'* (ImIi'Iii |:-Ii 1.1 1-1. Oiili 1.1 LmiiliiiK. Siiil.i I'.iirliiirii I Imiilli'l. Vi.r^l. • oilihi I'.iinl -mill ll.irl iiir.it ■liiliiiii'l.Mi'i •.•>'-. ''■'■ ,l.«.rilMil.ii;l (ioiimru. I' I, ilr. iliil. Ill »J,in,.iili«,.l (• ll...il.'.l I I-'. I II. IM. IT". 1*1. I'.IT,.1I':.'.'I7. (miii/.iiI.hMiiiiii.I. Viiii.iiiiM r 1-luiiil.ri.Vi (icimh l-lilliil liin.ilili' lliirn -iTJ. iiiilii lliirliiir.* rliHiiiiil.M (iiirilii. I'liiilii. '.'TJ -'71 -"■'". -"'I -'"■'■ -".w.^WI.^"'!. I'''.*"'. i""i' ;ii:.:ilH, .'il'i, :;jl (i.ir.lii l!i..k.:vil. lull m; (l.iiiliin II.M.I, Viiiiiii'iv.r Nl.inil. V,7 (l.iiiliiii'i. Ilill.."i| iMir.liiii I'.iii.l, I'liui'l ■-iiiiiiil i.Jl t.iiriliiii l!iv. Ill 'm l.riiliiilu l.liiiiil.lliilf of lli'iiruill.'i'ill. <;rn\»'ynril I'luiil'''.''"'- liinn 7.'iii//f.rllp|iiT illi|i.7ll. Ur»>' ■■ll«jd.l70, ••iti.Jai. llil.:lll. *irii> '•* Itay.i iililiiiliiii Itivi r. |ii.1. "ii". Hllll.lllllll ll'l ih'liMi ii( ivalir I'l I. nlinal^. I'l 1 tlniy n lliirliiir. :Vi. I'J'.!. I'-H. I'."'i. IW.'iU'i, \v<, 11 1 1' I'JII. ti'JS. a|i|'i-ai'illii'i' 111 a ili^lain c. Iil. ill 11 rlliiil. II.' liUKi' I'liit liari III l"\v w.iti'l. I'*l, Hlnirri, |Hi. Iirillli . li"'. livilrour;i|ili> of till- a|i)iroa« la'". I^'i. iil'li 111 II, i\ iualliili, I'^'i. liiMiyi. IH'V lilll'K W' ilHI'i'ViTI-il. l-^'l. Hliori' Ilia' 111 lllr ii'Tlli III l'"7. Illliiral ciliri'lil. 1^^ l. itaiiH-" for. imt, lira,\ li.iik I'l ak. :l.'i7 I.mkIiI 1.-I7 IhiiiI of viKiliility, VtT. Urouni|illii III liiintlloll, "i7. kiMiwiiiiHCri-riiiMily I'i'hIc. W. (Irral lliiak. :il I ili'lilll of wali'l nil, II I lii'iirliiK anil ilii-laiin I'mm liu'lil linlHi-. ill I. Illiilil 1 lli'i'f. Ill I. (iniil llri'ak.Hi-al Itiiik. IM linirini,' ami iliililliii' fliiln Sniillnvf .>1 S,-al ltiirk,.'l.M. IniKlli. '-'il. ili-|illi iif wulrr iiriiiiiiil.''.-"il. liri-al I'liMpav station. J"^!. (,iMil ;,'i(.iiMi..!l'.'. (ili'V, I'oliil. ■■>7'.i. '■■>■-'. ■''* I. (iriltiii Iliu-.-^trail of I'li.a, vm hIii'iiI ■•I'l'l. 'V'l''. niarki'il liy Inin.^ , '•'"'• Ii'iIki', I'Ml ili'plli iif ivaliT on anil iii-nli- of. iHl. ; (iiillin .V. I.'i'.il. iliail am-nl-. .1 I (.riiiinil llni'V. Mnlilli'. u'l I. lll'i. i (iinlil.ilii|ii' li»' ! una .'.111.. Klin- Hay. :l'.l7.:l'.is { liraniiK ami .linlllii. .' (ii'in I up.' Hr.'K.ny liulitliou.ic, :W. liiii-iin-Hllianm I. Ili.iarii. "ilrail. "iill. .'iH- I lliiiiami-., I'linla.l.' Ilalla.-! I'niiil . 17 I iiiiiiarni-. I'linla ili' los .llalla>t I'liiiil . 17. Illllill. lliK' l''!.-'*".-^'- Ilniiiil.-y,->r.. i:anl«''ll''"."*'- (]alla\va>'. 'Ji'H. lri'.li.J7l. .larka-HK.'J'.m. Mill.-i'i..'J.VJ.2l'il. Mont. ■Jll'* 1 Koi'Hlnaii. 'Ji'iti. > «, ■i« ? ' GSO INDKX. t 1 i't't ¥\ % ;ii- h A\ (.uUli. i;.H ky. JiW. liM"v»l ill. ■J.\«», 'Zsi, >«'H I ion. :*,ifi. Miitwrii.js:;. \\ hitlr :i<0 linlf of r.iiif..rntt*. i:», u*il .'f Kiicn. M-V >h>»i;. HVi. KVl. l(;\ .•KlltlOl). IM. ViliiLt Mhont. |rk%. Kt>oKr>i|ihi(Hl ]H'*«ilioi). lifc%. ( ofili-n Hunk. |u^. |(W. U'jiri IK ittitl ih*>titiMt< from rtiiiii Itrvi'H, lu't KHnklUtn liuHt. 1"^') (Ulniiu l . It'rf- Slitmt. r"i-or(t-«l utT. !>•('< liUMlfailt u>v. iiw,. ir;: ir.-*. S*nitlii—.-t Kiirallon liKht-houmv Idti. ^o<>KrH|ilM(iiI iMMiiion. Uifi. tlolHtlctl ilr»( ription '»f lilt* t<*li(ni|!». chimh iiii4hIii>kU, If>'.> Jftt. iliutt;i fM III iIm- .ipprt*;i(-li('o (o !Sjui l"r»miH*H» llnr. jtH. Smi |-'niiiriHi'o lltiriiiMl (tii> i-liiiiiiicN, 'Jii') Imov^ nM ttu' «'iilr;tiii-«- l>» '»^mi Kntiu'iAco H»v. J»W. ^I'lH-ml s.oIiuK »liro*iiiiii"» fur npiirtMiluiiK )»ii«l oiileriiiK Hun I'rHiiti-M-ii |!!i% Jl J. s&iIiiiK|irot4i hiiik' tin- I'.ir tit lnH' V '•millif.int nnttlHT SH* IfiMitTHl •hrt'i tioiin for vi'j*iM'l« 'tppiont liitiK :a tliKk wi>ath«5r nntluir Mu on ilir Uir, T2t IcAvniK clu- hitibi'p > lirn. A*7. iIkHv tt'in|>**r)«l>in-or ttifwttt4nllil> tfiii^Mruttirt* o( tin mr ttml uutrr ^n the duUtpit ftHCM VI. tlu' I'm irU' • im UlHit't S.iiila Crux IhUd'*. fiV KM, 90. ilrwniM-*!. «i'v k*c->tfr«| n(<-«l iKi4)tton. %. r.-, f, -/., Lull K.M - Kt •IhtnixM- from i hjm- «>rf ir'i liglil. W7. ("Iio. 1-:. tlidiiiurt^ «routp|, VC. (f'lynoiftA U'.v N Mill, «R> lUtr MiHiti lUiy l%*t ir,*.!. 247. iiiirli.trnm'. I****, ("i't • wi*H ffi.iii MMithi riy nlndii, IVi, trtinl i.f t.hor«\ |Vi. "ouinliniji*. I't- Itifilru I ton •« for i-ntrrliiK. 1^**. ImnvK til lm\ iiii tlHiiiiihniini lli\-i r '• 1% K»o;trfMlii. aI |Mitill.ll llnnnor. Poini i^i. |sl. »M. 4\\ i«ift. IIttrl>ur. ('Mlaluin, 's, < llilH'M*. Si k u.\ l«r »iT. '.>? hrti> ton, .^T■^ ?S7*i. IuikIi*. '^•i. »'"'■». ).i«piiniuU, M'>, VSl. i:»vtnK (77 |-'in>lHiiit<« Un . t>l ( (*1K. .iP.i (iriiv .v:t5«i 111, |.\t riKi. t^l. I^M-.m, luj. |ft(. ijii. |/.i..-*r, .\«h. <.^;i llolltlr^t. fdV, liDl. I.iltlo lii%i'r :r77. 'iJ'^I.-'vl.jsrt.jvi. MhUuimIji, tktl. NiiltHlino. .Vni. Oiik. fi*«ve.«H.fHr2. o-kkiniMi.jii;. I'i'Mrl. II'.'. l'rimin*'r''«. V.M», s|. m'»,S7. Sum i'ttlro. in. II^IJ. Hnntrt Crux. I4A. S. Hi. 7;J. HoMtrr*. -»7h, iss. isj. Hi|imiiilHl), fvU. Tmiup, *.l:i. en. Vt.lorn*. MH, .VH4. \Vii.'*liinKlon. v.".!. .Vtj \\ Intlcnn n A. IV* UilnuiiKton. 17. ■i'<. 10 HHTlHir l{t-«-r. I nth III UN Com', ?.», Ht>. l..ii.l> - li.Mk. -".ic.. Ilan' iHMv^t. iHrt lUrfonl. I'orl, tlu.Ul Hnrlfih i'A^'W Uork. 1J7 iM-nrtriK «imI <:i>«iHn«v from PinlruA Itliiiicufl, \i7. f.iut iHiKoin iHur UT tmiikrii rartiiK Hii«t ili^taiU'O Irotn Nt'W IiunKcnoiwi M^lit-hoiiHr. 'tVl ni/.f, V\l. ilt'Pth '.f wiilrr on. .\\1 llitlNrio* ot iht- I'lirlhi . I'oiiil Coni-i-pvloi)}.'^?- lUnlhoy Nhui.l.-itruil of Ku^«,V.^ lUvcMH ,\m lionuri* JftTN. 770. lirnriiiK >t)i*l ii, 206. lot-Hl unnto 'JTirt lUvrii IN •-. t(i-»riUK unIIaIuuf. UfoKTHplili-al position of. JOA. liytlrokfrHph\ iioi(litviir 4TA, 477 lu>tiM.k i{ I'onlurMlht r, in rKM< itilt> HfHiI 1.**.! Ihtubic Arx'h ltutk.430. INDKX. ()8l IlayKtin k KiH'k <'oiilii>iir'«> l>rt'ak» 111 It liotivy bwi'II, |;W. Ilii/fl I'liltil. lliKnr- <'itiiul>U. f;(Mlt[ril|lltil'tll IIOHlllltll.thil. ni'»i\ Ailtiiiriilly,.\v.i..V.iJ. AllH, UK. r.-.i. 1 11, l:«, I it; • opiiKu, 1*1. («i. ('(iwitrltiti. Kil. IVvilV. li'J5. Ditiilr.o.Mli. Dltntntiinlt, ntlT.I'illl. I'liiil llix'k. »ll. (inr.l.itt.M". ilin'Ul. 4111. It's. Il«, HIT IIW. 4l:i. ;Siii. I'.'T. c". .v«>, .vii,.'>(t.i. ,!Bvtl.^v<..^7.■^. n,tti.ri<. i'.^tM.t'al KiHtH, ;l'."-l, :i'.H, .TJT, :w.i. :R)'J. M.Kfti»ii •■•', «l«. IM Mcit.ilitil. iw. i:w. Miiiil.i. Itio. ■is4. Niivttrni. ■-'77, ■JT'J. .'SI , ?ss. Ni.rllt, IM. 174 N.irllt Sutitl, •>:s, ■••HI, V*.'..'>NI. (Ink, fwll,t•«^.^. ri.iiil Kfyt"., li'tl I'.irt tirft.' '. :i.-l,.17.'S,.'J7T,:Uvi. V.M, .^'.l^. 'tixi. .'1'.':, .vx. Miltlllt. Ml. S.iiilli Siiiiil. N .. Tciiwliil, I'.w.Vil.NC.SM.rillft r(lliiin.>..k. :l^7, lift. lt:t. IIS. IM. I.M. l.V''. Ilix.lliy. 171. Trthi.lii'l .r.'l.:vil.'l.fj. t!7,.-«!i.:!l.'>, WnliiioiiKli. 'iiii.rxW.Stil. WImIe », :lii'> Wllliiini.t. .M' VllcllRl-1. Iliy Yil.|illii.>. II'. 11: "l". ••'• ll.'iUli l.ivvH f.T llii- liiirlHir iirsiiii Frani'iw-.., Ml. ll^'Hlli lt«y. Put;*'! Ht.iiml. »i.;i ll.-Ui. ,.n 111.' N.-stiiUKi'li. '-".'■ II.-. nil' l'n..«l»!i' ll«r. I'ly S.illll.l,'vR. Ilt'.i'la. . ilf.l, HI-' ■-'-T. ■-•I-'. I'l. '•" l^^ft, l*'>, I'*. IXl. Ill.'ll' tl'. l.V.. (71). tin, I'Jl, I'.'l, •'.«. I'-'-'. ">l" ilrcrln I'.rtiik W.. UK. lHlillliii[nii'tiil'«li>i"i' (rmii i iii.!- <>rf..nl lii;lil.4ii» hUp. hw. tli'liili of Miiur ..h. liiH. Ili'ivKi ll.'n.l, till lift ""'. »'"■ "'■'■ " ' (•'nlHiiiv fr.mi T'iii|.i|ii"li Ulvrr. KIT. OrmrllK'il |ir7, ItcoBmi'lii. Ill iiL-Mliin. li"- iiiii«iu-lU smtMlmii. Il^^ iK'nrlinj iinil iliHltiiu-i- Ui iiiiM' iirr..r.l Ur\a l...ii«.-. I"« Cnpi' (iri'K.irl li.;lil lii>M«r, ll>'^. VB.111I11* lll'il'l^ IlKllllwll'.r. IH'. Iwiik, Itw. (•..v. , |.». ",.liil-lin.' iiolilnvKnl luiin. t'W. Ilrln Hiiiik.Slmit ..f I ii. :i. Vil . Vi.' V.! Ii-Htliill mill .ll"!*"'.- f'""> Mlllilll'' InImii'I iiKlll-ll"ll«-. •'>•'>< .l(i|.lli .pf ttiiU'r on VM. r.n'knAVI. k.'l|. 'iM. imllH'.l,.'«l ll«l.i.», Mi.iinl.m.'. If'fl.'.ilT.JH. Il.'lil.'> n( liuli'..'»>. Ml iiry l»liiiiil.' Hnro,M7,5W. Il»yi>r I'liiiil.'in. tllKl> llll>tr,.1ll. IIIkIi IO'iK' -( iinliiiii.'l. lii'.liiiK't' rriiiii filiuii'-liiK-,;lll, lit'ih-lil, III. IIIkIi l!.H'k.ll'4>. IIIkIi I'iiIiIi' I'l.iiil.Saii Cli'liii'iili' l'll.'iiii. Wl. I llM'.MIll'. I »'•. \(*\ U'l, lilJ, II.'*. 171. Klri'.:lll|. (it.nlDirf*. J*'l- (ir.-1'ii, i:if., |.!7, l:!^, 1 1'.i. - Ilil.ll.'v ». :;i»-. .hi|iit.'r,r.rj,i»-''.i.»'':l.''i. I. iiki'. :)!.'.. .Mi-..i.iM.17ii. I Hill- Itiv.r, l:t"i. II. .1111. 1 'l'..|.. 1711. Sii.l.ll.-. 1^1. ^l■ll^l...r..ll^!ll. !■'>». IVl, llji, lus. Silll I.IIH. I I'J, S|.lllii'*ll,.lltl.. I'.'l.mni.li. 171. 17'.', I.''.', '-'"•'•. Iliri'.', VJ Willi (li>l?i. H»V lllll I'l.iiil. I'.. ml l..ii.m,.'7. Il.mr M..1111I. .'1'' ll,.l.s,.iivlll.'. l'ilhiiii..ok lliiv. |:M. II. IK Nlaii.l. .'."-1 II. .1. ll.-ii.l. r.C. l'.is,-iiill..-.ii|,-«i'. In'iirinuiiiiil .IlKliiii.i' fr.iiii I "cilriiilioii Uliiliil, f« .li",rll..'.l. --ll Miiik"ii rtt. k'. lu'iir. -'I'll i;r. ^niiiliii'iil |t.i..iti..ii.'ilil. M»li l!i\.i-. .Mm iliiliiiir.' I'r.iiii liisliii. 11..11 Niiiiiii, Tiim. d.'wiiU'.l. .Mil. .'.link. II r.'ik ..It nii.illli. 'HO. pri'irnt iiiuiu'. Mil. Ili.lr, C.iM''.. 1:11 II.. I Ill' Willi liKlil.i'iirj. II. .In.. -. Iliiil...r.<''<<>. CM. Il.ili.lil. I'liim.l'i. net. II. .11. lull. .'111'. I. ll"!. Il..nk<'i liny 1.1111 'Jll iniii'MiK iiii'l ilinliini'"' '«' Simimm'i rmiil I" 11. M.. 1 1 'mini. Ill, •■^1:1. 1111. ■"''*7, Ss\.v.).-i,.V.i|-..i«i|, C.l g.'iirntl ill"., ripliiiii, C.J**, f.-t''^. Nli.ir.' lull'. ('■-• .1. |illl ..r wilti-r. I'.-.l. ll.....|-»ii.ii.i. ii.M..r'-r;iiiiii,«.'*.'':ii. iii'ii.iiil .l.'^*'ri|.lli>ii. »'.;ii .iin.iili.ill. I'll II. ...k. l'■..ll/,..^■-•7,^>■.'•.'. ll.„.ki..ii, I'.'i'.. Il.i..kliiii ciiiimii'l. :Hi'..:I'J'' iiinrki'.l l.V It pill' l>i'iii'.in, O'. lit'itrint! i.ii'l .IMiiiiii' fn.iii I'lt'lirn LitlnlltiK'. ''-l lliiiikt.'ii l.iiii.liiiK.^I'-T. Il...iki..ii M.iiikIi. :W7. II. ...pith. M..iinl.:ll'.i ll..i.ptr K l'u"im-i', '-Ml. lli.i.p.r'" Wltitil'. :ttl. III. II. .pf, l''rit.'«'r Uivir, S"! II.Hpiiitiii. Ili..{iiiiiiiil- l!iv. r. I"! isi. lliiipiiifiilM Kiv.'i. limy - llnrlH.r, 1>I lli.rii.iritii. 11. II ll..rM'>liiii' C.v.'. isil, '^17 |l..ri«'sli,..' I'..iii(,'-'. 'M Lciiriiiti iltitl lilt" i"'» ff"!" ''*"" l''iiiit.Sl'''-- ,|,.„ril»-.l.2''7. I I..I. •splint,"- l.an.llim.l'lJ. II..11-.'. Mill. f«,:ll'l,.'IIV-'.:l■'''"■ K.•..^;^llplli.'lll p.islll.itl Mil lie Ivilit. Sill ■tuiitt l.liLII 'Jll nil. Xi >i A I .1 l| /I ill i*il 6M2 INUKX. IIor«f Momitnlii.Tiil )>i-ariii)c iiiiil iliHiaiii-o friini Puiul Dot^aila, 3i>l. ill-tluiuf from nhori'. I'M. IwiBhl. :!!'(. lliiniio IVclio 111 ll.i«oS,nill.l.%'<.!. Ilow.ll l!,«k li'.l. N'nrinK hihI tli-slrtiH'i' friim Wtmtrr IhIhh'I. Ii>.>. how loilVold. li'i l.tloy. IiM. iH'HruiK and IliiinU.I.II r S * oii.«t Sitrvi'V M-l)04iiit'r. V llni»ii..i.ii liiir :i: T.'i.T.'i..tn,:».:«s..'»i'.i lluiiilx.t.K Itiir l.tloy. VV. nuinlK.i.ll lliiy II,, i>.'. .'■'I .il'i. rtJ-J. T.'.!. IV, iK'urliiK itii.l vIl^tHIKO froin < 'it|M> l-'orliiniui. t2t. t']i)M< Mi.|i.|.>(-in.i liKltt. .121. I.iioy ..II liliint n lirvl. .Ul. •ir.)-. :!2.t Wl.llll of rlilninro. i^i. »«.|>i«rHti'«l III purl from ...•«-mi li> .tin-l hjiKw. :!2.1. fl iKHIitn oil lt<' 'lr<.^rii|ihy. t.'l. t iirri-ul« t_'l. Ilglil li.iu«.!l>. 1:1. !:!/«(.. l.'.J.Cl-i.TW, .177. m'lMT.il .lt.**-ri|>lioii. :l,'l. itliiiiiinAt«'« fill in- lioruon. rji. if....urfti>liu-»l |Mi«ili.iii. tl'K iM-iiriiiK itii.l .li-.lam.f. I.. I'lii')' Mi.|i.|.>riiii» litcht.TJA. Uiviiii « Itwf. :U">. I'ujM. l*'orliiT.ii.« Ci. TilMi.lii.l lluhl lioiio'.Tri. ir. ■H-.'iit iilv liuhl lioii«€- l^n. irt|.i. Orfonl liglii-lioiiM' ;c», »lvliwl>ilily of lluhl on llc « to iiiitrk till. |t.iMitik^t* io tlii- north iiriii of. CJIV. llili-«. l-.T ili«hli. Ihi. i'iilrniM'<'lti «if I litiiiiit-l«. .t.T. <:'>■ run f«li, .r.-i 1 .irly •!<'•• ni'llolia. f."l .|.*to\i.r,\ .{.".I, I liillitti naiiM-. {-"• |..t..t ri'ifulntloli*. *^ll IIiiiiiIh.i.Ii. lorl, fj". Iliitnliol.il M.oiiitalii, irj llilliil~.l> Ilnml>.lill villiiKf. .1> llnnil.ni,' MoniitHiii I'Vi, V.!. CI. 171. :l»^ iM'tirliiK Hii'l .INlMlic*' from IIokiii. Uivtr, IT't I'orl I irfoni, .CI Ki'oicr. iphif.nl p.i»ilioii :I7I oi-«f..r. 171 lliinip Uo< k :i.M. IM. r.1, :iVl livlKht :»l iM'itrtiii^ nil. I .li^iiiiir*. from ('ri-«(N-nt t 'Ily hi^ht-hoiiHt*. ;VV4. iM'lulili..rtiiK rot kK, .I'M. miiiki'ii rtH k nriir l.*.| .1. pill.. f naliT .«r Ill tM IIiiiiiptolii|« lllver Uniy'n llkrliur. 4h], |s7. IIiililir'K fovp. ruw. K.-iu'riil ilr.irriptiott.5(Vi iHJrl in. .ti> .hplh of mili-r. .VM, iiiirboni^i.. :{('i. Iliiiit»'r'.« t'rri'k. ;!''.'.». .Itntiiii... from K.tKii.. Kivt-r. :ii'.'.i vMil.U' rork* o'l'. !'^'.', .liHtMiii'f- of nioiith from ( 'ii|H. Si-l.iuitiAii. 'M'**\ Ifiitit.r'M IhIiiiiiI. y.'.i. Iliintrr « I'oiiil. 17'-', Miiiit.r « U..ik, V". Iliiiitink'loii llo. k, .Vrj ili-tiiii. .' from r.'illinhit lliikil. Vrj. il.-.rllHil. M'l, ..niikrii r..i k iii-iir, .Vi;l. Il.irsi I!... k. P.l llilr-l ••I1..HI, I'.'i llvKi'.lilh \ illat;f. <'ltilliiiii Uiiy, VJI. I. l.ilH-ri; I'.. int. 1 ..p. v l-laiol. Ml. Iliiiifu*. Itivrr. ^.1 llw)i«-o. t 'oltmihiii Uivrr. I**'.'. IilllniKralion law«iif Hit. riilU-'l .'^lilt(..i illl.l of t 'altforilla. 90. .VJ5, ill'.). li;;\ I'.:' li.i.i.r«,r..r.,i','>. ll.irraril.%7'l..\«'.>. » iirr'».i'..'l.i.'JJ. i.STi, I 'nrro. r.is, < 'B."«''», .'>H«. r..""!, I",>, Iwll'., < 'o.i(M.r,Mi>. |i>i''-, ''rfk'i. 1:1.1 •;.'... llamllliTMly. »'»l(l. Sxiki- .M'l. Mi: \\'|.pil*|.| .i'.*-*i'.. In»lior.. .iirriiit. Kbvi.Noii, .'Hw. mi. :l>i6, W.i, TI7 l-ii, IVi, |-.7, lllnklp lUiik. I'llKt't Hoiiii.l, li^l. MJtillltlOII, I'.'.'-t ill pill of wiiti-r nii.i'.'J t. rnrr.'iil«.r.'il. kmi.in.i.* Ni«.(iirtn> riul«. ''.*il. Iiitcrimiloiirtt rP4iilrttl.in.t to pri'\..nt . .ini..ioii^ lit ^t.a,*il7, llitro.lii. Hon 7. liiHtrn.-tioii* to luiirtni'r* in iu*»- of «liip«n-i'k,ii.'iS. Iiiv ihl..r..ik il7^t< .'II l.ii.iy iC. • itnat ',;I7 ilaiiKi-r* - IT. iH'iiitiiu anil .Imtali. I- to Wliilim; U... k l.iio\ .'J.'l7 l.a.il Prollo'i lixhl li..ii*. --I .M.xan.h I. Vil, 'iiri .\Mhii V>.'I .Miiuni-i. *•-. I'J. V(. M. V.', VI, H. .Vl, v., !S7. liT, f-t. "'.' »1, ' HI*, '.I.I. Anilrnuiii. r.;j. A'JI. \iiKfl, I"', Ki, Kl. PC. iw. H'J.^m, ■JPJ,.^'<. '2*.i'l'.i, Jtl.Jl r ' INDEX. 683 Isliiliil. llaiiiliriilKf. I)ir>. i'ill9,Cin. lliiri'. .'viM. hitriH'ti, 1^6**. ii<'iiiiii>'k. 5ii,Mn,sm. r,,'ri'ii». MM, M'J. Uliiik.'vST. niiiki'. 1.1(1, (irAw^i.fiiH, llliiki'ly. V,'.'. Ml, M'/i. ll(i\vi'ii, riM.'*. |lr,p..k», iv.i. -M7. Hiirriiu.*. '>*'{. I immni., Xn. .V.ni. fjici, fill. Iliiiniirl, ;t.l. ChiilliiiTii. -..Vi, .'vV), ,V)7. (■l,t|.|.-. Jll. Clink. M.-. ('4irt>mnl»ij4. 12. ('nm-«'nl, 177. Cypif.i". VV.'. M.I,.W>, Wl. Ihiny, Vi7, ^7'.^ Ihiy, fiil. Duailmiiii'H. :I7, S«. :i'i, in, II. li, i:i. l>onitiir. 5(VJ. .Vi-l. IH'iflili.iii. .'•fWl. IVBlriuti.ill. I'.«i. I'.fJ, I'J!, I'.P'i. I'X., l'.)7,">lfi. llilimr. VMi. DJHiiiviry, .Mli,.').'!*!,.'!!)!, ■')il. n. .ikIh-i. ».'i7. KuKlr, '■-•. Kill. IXJ. Kli/.u, v>s.r.7i,r.;2. ICntninit'. ^'^», Ki.liilmi. •'■'■.I . .•nH,.V«l, IKTJ. KisK>*'"il, M'-. I'Miil lull. V-"'.. I'"i)\, iv.Ki, tijl,ri2-.'. (;iiliriiil«.'v«i.'>'>7. >, ■'>^1. «).-iliii-y. Vw.VjiJ. (iiiHl, KrI. «■. tlMll,'.i'.i. lliililml. ■•Tf*. Ilurtm-nr, •'-''. Ilanllmy, .li"). HiMiry, .v.7.Vis, llllK. J'Ki. Iliiiilcr», WJ. liiillaii,^r.>n,:i'iM. .!«.k,5711. ,iiiiiie«. mi, i'.ii.i,.vii,S(ii,^n,5iv.',.')i'>4. .I.-«»l.-, .'i'C Kilrun. r..-.',wi,iai. Kil»|«-I, Wl, S<-.j. r,iininii.V.7,V,'.i,r,7:l '>7l,fai. Mi'N.'il.'i'JI.il-'J.iVJl. ,Mtirrii\vhli»lir, V.ll. .V.l.i. Muliii.V'.'i. riTil Miiiiry,iil.l.r,l\c.ir.,fil'.i. MHym-. ."«''l MIniir, VM MtinU-/.llliiit,'JI-'^. Miiri'xliy, .Vnl. Vix, 'iMl. Moniiitii II Nrw.-iiilli-. VW. (Ilmlrm lliiii.'pftV. (triiiH, V.J vv%. .'.lift. Oiiill. MC. ■■««. .MO. I'liNmiiet', SKI, puliii. .V»"i. Vv*. ■■li'.l, '>7i. 'il'i .171. l-i'lliIlT .V\1. .'1S| iMiiiiiipiiii'.i.m rini'. «7il l-ri «liin. rni I'rrvcMmt %i| rrliiw, 07 ui.'.iu.i'xi, Jili,3«l. iHlunil, l>riili'<'luiii. .'i;i:l,.'i.K'i,r>,'>3,.'iSG. iiiicc, .'il'.i, ."ill. r)7H. Itiittlt'Miinki'. :|N, 40. U. SluiiiMli, .S70. Hiim'l<.iiuMilr. l'.l..!7,IW,lV.I,7n.7I,72,7.1,7l,7'),7ri,SO, 81,82,87. Si\u .luan. ^).'"il, .Vi7. S:iii l.ii.';t.s. ss, '.in, .Sill .M iK"l-l. 1 1 . I'.l. ■':': '>7. W, I'..'.. W, n7. H«. il'.i, 711. '.HI, 111 , '.«. iJi.l di-iripliiiii iif, '.!.. i-Iiniatii i.nii.lilHin.., '.i.;, |;r<>Kra|>liii al p.iHilioli iif \vi sli rii liiilnl.'.l^. Hi/.i' uf. ••:;. '.i7. ki'lp aroiiiiil.'.il. liyKi'a|iliy,'.i|. (■urr4Mit.i *.i|, oil W.!ll.'.l|. ilatimTH, '.II. rofks, '.II. aiirliitnit;i..s, '.)!'•. lilies, '.17. iHitit laiiiliiii;, '.17. dth.-iiyiTfil l.y * "Hhriilo.'.l.'i iiaini-il .liiiiii Koilriniii'/. Iiy I't-rri-'lM, i.lS, San Itcnuirdi' liy \'i/i-aini». '.w Santa Kii-a )>.\ rt-i;'/.. '.i>*. San MiK'H'l I'v Vaiii-oiniT. '.ii l.a l»l.Ml'.|a Pii.i»i'.n l.y ( ■ul.nllo,'J!i. iaii Nl.tilas, 17, il>, li I. 70. 7 t, 7il. S2. San rlninia.»,'.i.l. Sanil. l.'>7, l.">i. Hill, 1117, H.'.i .Sanla lliirliani, in. 1 1. -M. "i7. IW. il'.l, 7r.. -1 . N2. i;!,i,i:l, I'.ifi. Santa Calalina. I'.l, 1 . !7. 11. II. I.'i. ■■!", l.>.il'.i,7l,77 7-, 7i.l.Sil, .HI, SH, Santa ( ■rll/.. I''. .-.2. .'i i. .'«.".. "n, 'I'l, M, 117, H,s. 7:1, 7il, si . s2, S3, sl, Si, Ml. "^7. "^i, ^'.1. 'I '. '.12, 'Xi, '.!■*. Sanl.i Mar«llriitu. '.'i Santa linsa. I'.l. .'i:!. .'i7, lii;,liH, Kl, ss, w,l, ',K,I. 'Jl, '.I2.'.ll!, '.w, Uy. Satllrna. .\Vi..Vt'.i. rj72, .Vi2, Seal. 21.1.211, 21.-.. Si<.kli..i. Van,2ll.2|.i. Snlni'V. Vv.<. 772. Sim.Iali-.."»il2. ■')i'il,.'>70. Skiiijii'k, Vvt..-,7I. Sniltli'H.V'l Sinlt;. I7IV Siintliwi-HI. .Vkl, .VVt. Stuart. V>ll..%>H,.i72. Smiu. VIM, .W.!. .'t7.'l, raliHull. .M.l. ''17 '.|1, VJII. .-WW, rnal.Mil. M ■rninli". V.- VinoiHiyi-r, i--', - . :. 'IIL^I-X, Wi. Va,-li'.n,r>'--, V.I. V.i|,V.ls,V.|i.). \V ly. iri Vt-rlia lliii'iia, l-l. 1-7. W-, 21H,2I-, 220, 22»,2iri. Yonnt;, 'ail l-laii'l \ncliiiraK<'. Iiay.i.2ii. I,.lan'l Kni.li,2'.i|,2'.i."i nil knii"ii iliini,'i'iMi>ll.-''.i|. IhImii'I Km k, 17 1,. 177. ilftp wattT ariiiliitl,:i7l, »!/,'■. 171, NIa- HesuTta..! iCiT'inailui l»lanil-i,U. Islasili' San Martin. II. IhIi'k Ni-'klT.llSi Nli'l. Vlil"-y. I'm. .'Mm, 'ml, llalil '.".'i. 'lOii- lliilfi.ril..'>|:l lliHli.ltili."»i'.i. Carnill I'.m, I'li. ■n>r.,.'.i»i,lvi7..'iO'.l,S10,.'ilS..'il(l,517. t'lMinnil.J.'iS, Cliliuiicy Itock, I'JtJ. 1- 'I' m 8 n f' M hi li fl m^ .■J'*' 'i 'f! i. b>i>i V » |:j I * ■: if' ! ' -0 I #1 ' s: |i 6S1 lili-t. Kivr.ITI JrtKk'*'*!. I7\ Nits V17. MIS. >l..r».. i:i. in S,:t&l. iiittrk for 4 ItiiiHM-t. LM Utlitmit r,.\r, -^jinlu * itliiliiiii IftUml.H, l.\77.7\7V. a.jMTiUMi ::. riH'k«» tiiii) tlaiijciT-i.TT. 7** Miit-ttontKt^ 7**, «*rll«. 7'» Kro^ntpliMitl |M>*iilioti. *43 It.-ftiui '•lioii!. I'liKfl S,Mili.|.tVrt (It'l'tli of w.tUT on. 't^'t nuirknl !■> tmo> fiJft tH'rtriin; iu>'l tliMaiitTto Mo«Mly INniit, ''>J^, I'oinl \Vilf*oii <,i^ Ihi kt'THoii i\iiitt,ri2A. Ivemoii 1 jiihltiik: >'7. ?*Vs |iriit*'' t«it friiMi nortliwcsl wwi'll. J'^7. Niinitiit-r liiiihiiji '-•'■? iiiiH>rintc t'n..> • .'•.:. nolwitli-taiHtm^ m< >nll)» (-•>( •twcU, JC7. i:\»nnnii>liinti position. ."iVs, .Tark UIaixI. IWUtiiKlmtn IUy,^7T). .Iu4 kiiA** i one. .".*'* V:tll. V illi.t .Tifk y.f.l. iiciir Norlhport. J'.'y. Iiiltliiili- .'V^. Jnttih- »n« k. 32< J««i:«''* Islitit'l. 47%. .luiu-* Nlnii-1, t^iillihiitf Ulvcr. I'.«<. 499, Ml. 500, SOft. .i»-»criU-.l,'-i.{ c^ixr umlf r 'Kit. i;<'»>Kri*|'lin«! |»iMit)on, Vi3. JaiiM— l-'lii!^'!. UtMUirii* Siratt. WJ. V.| .i«kh.mI i-u-t. %(«■.. -^r M% (m AriitK Hrxl (>. tle-HTiUiJ 'mi. Jtivn ll»««!. Ciiiiii; (It Il.iro %%*. 'i73. t«liinfl ofT. \%"i .IrniH I'oiiil V iiivt '*<>iiihI. '"■.*!! I. t!«THoM I*..it.i. onftH t.iii tiffitt of \«rtUT orr. fliKt. » urrciil*. '"'tt l«uriiiK atMl «liiaanc«* Ui Writ Poiiii liK)it-ltl. .It-«<.lc Ul.in't. lNi*rti»re liny, S«7 ,1« ■•II* MiirtH < n*. JiiM* row I'ninl.i ul'iiiihu UivtT, l<'>2. irkt.lOl. f«it'C.5<»*. .lohrt'Mni N I n-r'k if* JohiiKoii M Lii-.^HtitUt Ito^H UIhimI, **•.». 'Ji. il«'>wnlHM|. ./J .lohnao'i K I'odit l*iiK I'oint »i^ Jiiliii piiiikrn f'M-k. l'»l lirfr»k* nlilv in InrKi* f Wi I U tM iM-nriiiK «inl 'liHlAnt^ fmni < rcwinl Tiiy ItKhl hou)ir,.'r>4. North^i'iii will nick. :iM. i|t-)>(li of u itUT Hruuitd, f^i why nnini^t CM Jonlan Idvcr.Ml, INDKX. .Iiiini t\v l-'iK HSlruiUnr. in. .lUK-hiKnllr < ri'ck, i'^' JiiptU't iltlN.4>t.Vt'ii'J, tkt5. Kiilii rmnl Port 'ruwii»««:'t|..V.)| KnliiiiH riitV. utl.tiM niltiiilntii. a>l rtM-(»Kii>'*'V f*itiipt)l ol Ulll.T.'.'lJ. Niiihnu; tlirt-t titiMo.'JI.! \\Hrt'lioii»i'H, Ji.;, Kitrtnk Itivt T ff*. kn\rMir . xloop of wui, I'll K(*lu-ht7, Vi'i. K.nyon, I'orl.:^-^! Krrii UiviT.'-il. Krlron Nl.iml.f.a'i.fVJ.t.oai. Ki'iirnil itfttrlptntti. tt'il. KJlH-»ilIiili l,.»n.htm,-**.M''.t-'\.':'.K IH-Mnnu lUnl iliHlani r tnirit Newport I,iLlt. Hnr.tii "(--fani rnU'rinK'tt lit** Iii'ik) of. '293. vlllii^i" n< ar. ."»- kniiwn tir* \< kt'riniiiiirn lju)ilitiK,2V*'i^. KiU-^-iIluh Kock..".'!, In till' iipproH* h to NfWfMirt l.timlii't;, '-.»' Ix'itrin;; iiml iliHtaiici- froni I.itumi.i Point/.*^it. (Irpili of wat» r ariMiu'l, Ten-MiU- Kivtr.-''Jl. KiU»*itlitti \'iIlaK(^. '*'''-'' KlllMiii MuM-l.v.il.V.rj.V.iS Kilitllt Prnitixnla. Vjn. Kiniit Mount ^'f*. Kim 111 ...■ Pon.t M7.4I'J. KImk P.ak. .'Tl mi, :!ift.;>W. (Ii<«tanr«' Irttni nlittn*, •tun. hi-lKlit, f il..'li.|aiiil. naim- for Kctron iHtantl, 'CI. KiwanilH. rup«>. |J>«. 4{it K lainalli. l-'alM-. M2. Ktannitli uolil iiitiit', ■fi'J. Klamath lli^rr. tW Il't. :(|| . .US. :f>7. tTit. diMaii.i- of month from iiil,:Ul. KAMil U-iiili Hi th<- iipi-ninK. -(H- \Mllllt of {II. roik* I" lUv stiiitti "f. 311. P.(/iV >!-■ I«»r nnl*ii|f llir rnlf im »-, .'ll'J. ill pi h of \iat«-i on not kniiwn. M2. namiNl from llie tnU ui Imliaiin. tIJ. huiilfitll oit. :i|-J. KlaH i:%. Knoll. Pilnl, ri. Knoll, Whaler It. I t<. \ f^ Klinx I'nilil, Kt. Kottlali Pniiit Nfiali Itay. %J1. V2-J. (Nurlnu ami .li-.lan.i* from I'al.MMih l-iaml liKlil-lmune. %2l. (Ii pth of water oil VJl Ko.m Hay. .*«7. Ml. m. :p.ifS, .W7. lui. tlUlatitr from ( ttiM* <*regory, VJl. 11 INDEX. 685 :!i't nn»>Ct 1<^*- tiiiiKix*)'*' viiniitioii, 4rory IIkIiI-Iiihiso, :»I. lllti'liiiruKt'. T.il. ((fonrniiliu'ul po'*ilion. :ftw. tnaKiii'lic viiriution, •V.fi. Kiiod liivi r. :mi. Kot/il , liletl. 1~. i!", Wl. Killo Killil Point, WiutlllllKtoll IIi»rl)o- S.a. Kllllll.1iff.K\'\[' li'.l. Kworimli I'uinl, < Jiilf of (oMirniil, fiTS, .177. ili'lilli of \viit>r oil, r>7,') li.-lKlit,r.77. Kyiliikii r..iiil, Si'riih liny, 5j:i, ili'plli of wiittT oir. Wl. Hiuikrti rot'k^* lu'ur. -'i.'^t. ■.. \M Itiilloim l'.>rt. Siinlu Monica Hay, K 17. Manil', 71. I,a ViniiKlookool llllh, .VI, IJI. Ill Lafayi-ltf Park, >a.i Iniii. wo, a^lroiioiiii.al slation, U. I .,11!.. ..II, AIiIhjIIm. -'I'.l l!iK.:»i'. Diir, S'Jti. stoii... :ilii. l.»KHiift am lioraifi' .liwrilx'.l, 11 l,iiKiiiia Poiiil, 11, .-.11, ■•.!. ft2, v,. ■i.V.. -..'.I. ■.-Jl, ■i'.n. L.ai iiiu an. I .li-taii. •■ from Point I ■al.rillo, :"■'■>. Iri'iii* of»lioi.' l.itlii-nortliof 2.*.!. rtff ixt. li'ln ffoin lliiTXlriiiiilN of. 2VJ. niinkrn rork.< outniili'. -«'. hri'iik..."'.. 2H'.i. .Ii.plli o, waliT olV, UXfl. U^.o^nipliual poHilioii. '£f9. niri.aiii ii.otli of, Z""!. LilKiiiia l.iiii.linn. ■is'.l. Hitnatioii. -^i. lll.plll of ivaItT, JK-l wliarf. W.I. Ill.Hiriiit^M. '-".HI. l.nKlina il« la .Mi'r. til, 170. UiKiina. l!".l.-o, 1""1- l.attiinii». '■ ......la .I.- la-, .1. "'Ti'*''. ■"• Laull-i". « 'liillior, 1^1. l4»ki'.l'alnpl.,:l.i.< Klori-.W.i. 11111,1111). Ni.\v,:lx«, «)M.||,M1I. San.l.l.lil. i:tl. Tiilil.init'li. •'**. Talawa. ■!.''>* Troiil 4i'> •imttko.w. nil. I iiioii KlfiliHl. \Va!.liiiinloii."IM . 4 19, IM, I.Hki.,\Vf..\ hi.iKlil,.'iiV). I.AI1IIHH .HlaKi! i.oniuict.oiiH Willi tiaviotu, 1I>1. l.oM .Mainoa, 104. (liHtaiirf from I.aliipoi' Landing. 11)4. I^tliipor l.niiiliiiK. 1(11. location. 111). lifarliiB ami distniKC from Point .XrijiKll". Ii>l. Point PurlHiiiia, 1U4. wliarf, Mi/.n of, ln|, approat'lii'H to, not kooiI, KVI. exti'iisivc wari'lioiiHen. MM. veHH|.|,s moor to Imoya. llH. /.'linmfriitO(»r, ship, 221. ItiiiiiliiiK. .\iialiuiiii.^l.'., :17, 40. .Viiiesporl. Pi'.i. .\iiiU.rHoii, 1.'12. Apton. Iin. Arnii.llo, im. lU'iir llarlior.:!00. IliK Itivi.r, 2SI. Ilililcr Point, 203. llla..klo.k,:ws. ito\v(.irH,2i.i. Hriilwi'port, 274, Cariiiiitiria, .V.I. CaylU'os. 117. (•ollinM.2ii.'>. Cornwall, 216, Dnvi'iiport'M, 1,11, DumaiiV. 2,14. 2.18. l.;iu.y's,.Vl(l. Ku.|il.<.21l'.,;i2,S. Ki.ili lioi'k,2lKl. <)Bviota,r.l. (lil.Hon. 1 II. (iolola,M,lV!. (iieiiiwooil <'rcok,275. Ilainillon. 1:17. llooktoii.T27. Mot Spriiiii^. 1:12. I viTHoli, 2117,2111. Kilii'Millali.2y2..«A298. I.aKUna, 2M'.I. Ijimpoi., IIH. l.i-min;wi.|l'M, 121. IM.WM.lll. 111. .My.-r'i. :l2r..^2S. .Mallanlm. liw. :\!ills, 11.1. .\iivarro.'277. Nrw llavi'ii. 271. N,.wporl,:ll,:;ll,2T2,2ai,2'.l5,2M. Ni-iplally,«V2:l. Mpaiiiri'ili'k.2l-.«.2I-.1. Norlllp..it.2'.l>.. I'li.jaro. III. 111.111. PiirtiiiKlon, I:I2. l'ii..|.l.ii.ri.l. KohkIi anil I!i'iwly.2li7. l(..ili.'B,2.M. I{|.:i:.!aii (illll'll, 2.111. s:-lin«M. 111. Salt ! . iit.2i<'. Sam. ■ '», 2rvi.2ri..l. SaiKinrl. I !>'>. Sli'i'ii-'-.-'l.T Stewtirfs Point, 2('>2, TaliiiivnMi.l, lllili. AlH''«,27r>. Waililill'i, 112. \V Bit, I 12, Wllitc, 111. Wllliami, I'll. LaliKli'y. I'>i>i''' ItHi'r.MI. I.aruillr..wii l!,..k, :l.M2. .lislaiic'i- from Talilr l{oik.:lS2. Ui'lp n<'ar.:IK2. I.a« llrtliai. ;H», l.ii.sllmllaHCn..'k,Haii llii'k'o Hay, 21. 1 ^., IL u)l, ^^ll^t4l lUtrlmni cliiinnrl, .'tA, .VH, Ijk TulniiH I rii'k 1" I jLiini I'iiiiii J». n. :n>. X. :w. «:i. I Awri'ii(-«\ riiinl, V*!, .v;7. Ij»wm»'<». I'urt, 'n"/*. I^iw-*. In>iill!t. for l!u' hitrUir iif Sim Frniu-t-MN), ftH. Ijiutt for tlir i>n>t«Hiii>ti itfititU to nuvl^iilitin, liMWt. I^iwn pil.'l. ITI |j«w«*ttn UimT, Kti-^jiriit ^^tfiitt. WJ, VM, V'll. .l...rilK-.l, M.l iiiurk.-.l l.y k.-lp. v,l i!i-(illl 'tf w utiT nil liriil iirnniiit. .v.!. I.il.iy, VII. t>«itrinK Hittl tlixlHiu^' lo |)f4-<>|ilittii IhIhixI, V>1. thi- %%'i-nt {NMDl of ttiirn>w*t l-^tiitHl, V.l. ■^iiiltli I'-liiiiil IikIiI-Iioii-u'. Mil. I'l.ihl l'.itlriili;iv .'"'I. l.rMillxlUrl'..ml,slii.iilwiilir lliiv •'.> I'.' ITJ 17 !. 171. IT.'.. «T7, In". t>fHrliii^ iinil tllttaiKi- (nun t'ii|>4- lhxii))|Hiintiiii'iit. 17. 1 .livriU.!. 17; K<-oitt.i|.l.i.iii ii.i.ltl..li it:!. iiiiiiii'K for 17.1 I^Iki', HriMfliy, 1'7, M") Kiilrv. M.I I Mli.r«t> II IK I .llHtutii-i froni Sun Sinit'oii whiirf, 121, nn » ll.ilf tlliTr. I.'l. vii>..~m1 I,, 111, ,H. Ill Ul. /.» K l». -trillll'f*hl|. 1'*^-' li' \ni^ii. {'.Ml. I.IkIiI Ili'iiiM'. .\ilut', .'i7", .'>■!■-' 'iNi. .\ JlT.-lr.i, JII,'JI2. ail, il\ 2li;, 2I.S ;l»,£JO. < ii|>.' H.'il.' ''r, ',15 \11 \TJ < »1M |ii.ui|i|-iiiiliio'iil :7j. •'''■>. nil. 'J' I."-'. IJT, l.li, i.m, III. 1I-. Ill ixi IM |i..' ir.-i.M'i C'bjic' 'iri'Kory , IT.i M.' T.« Ivl J.i'i. I'«; i'.iT !'i" im. mi, UH. liK, ill), IJI, iXi. I2T, fv\. Ill li'.i I.VI. I.'i«. ITS. fil.S. r«iH' Ml loiiH'iiiii ::2. m. rjn, i.;i .ur> a;» ir.i, 3'ifi. if.i, r«|ie Orfiinl. Hi ri'i. (.M, In;, IST.*>H, IT". :Ct,.tTI. .ITH. :wi.:i-l. .If.'. 1*1. W.KT. iKi.l"."!. :f.'i. .wa. mi, |ii><,,iiii, IJii l.-J IJT. LHV. Ill II" I'l; I'K. IT\ ■»».«. 'i I •, < ii|«' ""i. ">i«l 7>M.-i .'«, I''.w111iiiih1i.vj« MI,.VIT.M.S..M« V.J,V»S FarBllon, III I.Vi. |fiii,|fi«, ITI.ITT. I'.0. Iir. Jii, 'J'.'.Jlo, ■JI7 JiH, .-ji, jr>:' Poll I'linil, ITI. llJ. 1-1, 1V5, IW,, l-T. l'."l.3«i, Jiy. .'Ill, ail. '.'i:' an (•■llllH-r I'uilil. Ora. ■ loll' in 111!' WiilLuri. IIiiiiil",l,ll, It" tai. .Wl. .TJI. -IW, :i:n, ,'«'i. T77. Mhfp inlnnil. 'a.Hi ail aia. NVw J.iiiiK. -If-" 'ia»i Vix, Mil Mn VM. Mfi. MT M.V .MH, 6.'I,M.), .V,| 5-'V..VJII. I litlil hiiiiw. NiuiliSinil Ucml.VII Mn. Nortli«'i'-i X'lil Uoi'U. IIH. riision I'oiiii III, I I'l. 1S4I, isa. \M. I'i'iiii \.iiiiii«..i7'i.:i'.«.. 1.11. 1'ja. ii'.i, wa, IM, (I'.s. I'ollll A ill. Nlli'Vn. Ill I'oiiit Ari'im, luT.jtm, iia 'i^o.-a-'ia, Mi JTI aTi. .'Ti •."<1 . ■J.'vt, '.'TT, nil , :liC. Sw. :ll I, illK. I'liiiil Mklii'tiin S'*.'!. 'iHIl I'lillll ll.iiiptil. imi. Ili'.l. ITI, ITT. ITH 1 '>a. K'S 1 -J'. I'.'l. I'.c, aim. ■-iij.ao.s, '.in.. '."I IT. all' ai i ji i. ai'>. ji'i. .'.ii. aj rninl roiu'i'iH'lon. .%a f.a.r,;!. r.l f. la, M. |.\ .vs. T", TT va. Tiiliil lliKMii'iiii', 1.1. 1.S. Hl,S(l, W,.Vi, .Sl.iiT, Til, TT «.' hi',, K-. riihii I i:i 11, II. in I". I'l ai aa.a.i.ai '.m.ii ii i:, Hll. I'liini Nil roiiil.Vii S'.il S'.fl, vul. S'.iT i'ollll I'lLxIni') lllminia. Ill lan lal. l.-.i I m 1 II I :'< I',, II, I I'inii", 1I1.1I-, ISa. IM, l\S. I'.iinl riiiiKiiil ra St. l. Si'. lii-iiHiii; mill ill-lHliri- from t'oinl lliiililn. ITil. , ,,\ I* iii'Kr, ITW. r,„ k- iii'iir. IT'i. (iirrciitii. IT'J. foK wlBlml. ITT. ITI. IT'I, (li'M.rilird. IT'J. ,.|iiLrHi'tiT of fMiiiiiil ill tliiik wrntlirr. IT'J ^i',,UI1I|<'k InU. il:l. ,l|..ni. I. mil' ilniT lliiik. :!:i. :i:M, tli;.
  • laii.i' rroiii .M.id liiviT, iwi. Wiilll) in' tllolltll. illH- lieaniiK luiil iltF*tHiir(' from 'rniiiilAil light, ■(•it). foniH'r IlllllU'H, .'Mil. /.ire )'.i/iHi>'. Iiiirk, ItH. I.iil.ilom'ri I'k, i.-i7. I.iil.i,«. I'Miiil. ir.<. 1711, ITI. IT-'. 17'i. 'JiiS. -lie, 'Ji'i, '^17, '-'H, J l.oK Nlmiil. SliOiihMiliT Itii.v, 177. I niiiii I'l.int, II, l:l, II. IC, 17. |i,'.1l. 'J'J, 'il.-'i'.. -■7.'.''<. ■J■.',:)l^^.^ 1.1.110 M.iiiiiliiiii. 1711. ,:iii'>. .'I'.i. I.Mlu' Iliiik.l'JO. l.iitiK lli'Hi'li lliiti'l liitiil'iniirk. |l>. l.tiiK r.rowii lliii k, ;l^'J. U'liriii^n mill ilixlaiii'i"" fnmi iirlt:lil><>rinK roik.n. iNJ ilt'jitli iif walrr ainunil, .t'>-. I.OIIK Nlanil, Slioiil \* atiT llay, I"*''. 177. Ijjiitf H.K k. lVJ,:i.v.. gt'iii'riil ilriii li'tlon. ■!5.'> rmil Kriiiliiil III till' iiiirth('H»l.:i.''>3. Iit'ui inn anil 'iKtatiii' I'riiin llii'^l Km U. 'tVi. Hiiiiki'ii riickf*. lu'tir, -l-'i-'i. I^xikiiiil.Caia'. In'i. I.M. l.".!, III. 111. W: 11". Ill II'.' LiHikoiil lllll,.Siiita llarlnira V.i, 1,11. I.iii.kinit .Mi.iiMlaiu. i:i'.' I,...ikiiiil Kiak. .171. l.ii|H'/. iHlaii'l. liiiMann .'^tniil, .V4I. .'f.'J l,4iiK'/. INiiiil, I HI. I !.'. 1 'ariiiK an. I .llitanci' rri.m I'diiiI Tii'ilrai lllani'ftt. 1 (;r slrait. '.*'>-. I.oN .XlaniiiH ( hull' In-') 1^» .\nKili'" -11 '17 in. II II. II. 17, I''. I'.l '> 1. I.os .Vn^i'lrM I hall UKinl. >. l.iM .\nKi'li"" I'lairi'". :W, 17. I.im .\tlni'ti"* li'ivrl, ;t7. II. l.i>a'0'i.."j7 1, '>7l.*i«l, ili".rrllM'iI. '«'7, loikK 1.11. V.7. alli horiiKt'. '»''.^ fr>»h wultr. M.'*, ilanK'*''** 111'* nlioal «i.i.t, vw. t.uinnii I'oliit. I.iitnnii Ulan.l, .^|'>-'<, llgUt un,,"!)))*. I.iiininl Itlviir, .'I'.'.i. 'i7l. I.yh' i'l.iiil \\i lor Turku I'l.iiit. r.'J.'l. l.yniUii. .NooU'.a. 1. 1 IIImt. r.7l. IjVrt' UlviT, Till. Kill' I'oiiil. 'vJ.'i. .Mark 'H Xri'h, .1".7. :ira. :lill. :li;-). Mti, lian. .'171. Kooil lanilinark. 'Intl. lirariiiKiinil ilistaini' from Northwi'Ml Hral IIo<'k,''WO. I'oint St (irorKi'.ll'i'i. Cajic I'tirrrlo. ■Hlil laiii'Meliunlian, :lllil. ^I'ttcnil lU'^rription.^ilil. rri'f. .U'ltl. ali.'lt.ira^r in^hli'iif, .li'.*l. ih'lilh of .vali'r, li'ili. lo.k-. in.. 11.11 :ini'h..ra'.ir i.iitsl.li' of. 'Vu . (lirri tion'. for olitainini; aiu'liora|{e,:iri7. Honiiilinui4. ^U'i7. I harti. .1117. nami'il, .!i'.7. t;4'oKra|ihit'al jm.'^itnin, ;H17 li.li'-, 1117. .MiArlhnr, I ilcil. :!1'J.:17I1.:177, .Milionalil'.l r.i k.H'Jn. iiann' for i., .t Cri'rk. ll'jn Mi't irt'H .Moniilail . •-'•7 ln'il!lll. :l.'>7. Mai'ki'l)/i(\ I'lli'il. 'f- .MiK.n/ii' - lira. I. <'a|.i' liiiaii|ioinlmi'nl, lI'.i.-l'VI. .Ii".i riliiil r.l MiH'ki'V'f* Ui'acli. 2'.i7. .\!i'l.anKlil<'n. Mount, IB". Marklin'H t'oM' lill. u iillli. :iill. a '*im-,ll Mtri'ani W^w-* li roii^jli. ?M. McNi'il Islaiiil.i.Jl.i.-'-'.'i-'l hvartltK ami ilintaiiri' from Slcilai-ocin, G21i. «i/.e, »1'-*'-. rllaniii'U llt'iir, 6-'-' iianii"* for. »1J-*. M>Niilly'r.Sloin;h,H'.'l, l'-''J. .M, I'hail. II .\ f.. 7, Mail ItiviT, :iHi.:i'JI.:i'jn.:IJil.".'<.i,:v!il.:)'V.. ihitanii' ami licarinn of i.; oill. from llmnliolilt Hay, liW. Ilnniliolilt liKht. llliO. Trilliilail li«ht, iiy. Hanil iliini'i. ."f.".*. Mi. nil of month, llii ln'arhi'i low ami »aliily, :Hil. tri'liil of, till, l.-nnth of, :i.in. Iiy.lrourai.hy ..If. :l!n. Mail Ki'.'rMointh. iC'*. Maili"on. I'orl, ■i'i-4.ri'-irl, 17. Mai raw.. '.'71. .Mttl I'aso. I'oint. :l"l. .MahiKa I'oM' ^aiila .Moniia Hay, 111, 17. il.mrll.i.l. Ill Ma'anal'oml. 1^ Mallauh'- l.aiiilniK. HM. .Man^liihl Hii'ak. IM. si /.e. I'll lii'iirini; ami .lislan.i' from Soiitlnn'sl .«i'il Koik. :l.'il. ili'l.tll of waii'r aroiiml. :1';ht hoiiM-.'iW, -ln.'-il','';'- >itnation '.Jill, iharai'lir of liuhl.'-'lit. an- of vi-iliilily '.:iii Ki'oKniphiiiil |iii«ilion."lll. inanm'tii- v.iri ilioii.'-'l" iH'arinii ami ilistami' to I'oint I'.-tloli', 'JIO. Ili'iiiiia I'Vrry i.liii, 'JIO. varioiii himya ami licttioim.lilO. ^4. . ^:^ »; (I I I I •MM. " ■u w wwtWM iW IW I V. n illfii ) I'M I! f', N' r, «8« INDRX. Miirp Nlmiil lit;lit-litiu«i' rtttitlniinl. lH>at-i)t) nil till' tlitiill of, JIM liciiniiK hikI tlhtaiiii' lit Miiuii/liir Wlmrf, 34f IhTT kivi-h Uli'it liir>iriii*tlon,340. Mitre I«laiiil riav)- yitril. J4I thli'<.':4l. Mari' IhIaihI. pitttt rcMiiliilittn«. 'hi!) .Wci'i.i ./, Siriit/i, Imrk. linn .if ivi MHrliHT-*. Ill iiitf of Htii|i\vrt<(-k, litHtrilrllnTm to.fiSA. Mitrkhiini. .Inliiii IMvir. I"! Mi«rr>i««loiio l.liiiiil, V.ll,.V.il M«rri>«.i..iu- lV.liil.M:,v.«i,v.ri..VJ3,5*).S97,«3J. itidiuliuii. Vi't •Iriurl 111 11)11, Mill . iM-ariDK hihI o«llion. IJ*.!, Martiiii'r. u*4. Mary''. IVali 112. 4I<<. laiKlfiill for AN. ya Itlvpr. 413 K<'ot;rap)iiiMl |H>*iliiin. Il't- Iii'IkIiI. )I I .W.i'i/ Xri-hyr, (.liip. .IraiMlnl, JiV". Ma.oii Tort. i:i. Malla N 1>. U.>*irlo Slrall. V.'.t. V3. ilrxnliivl Vi'.i K«-otill |K>wtlli)ii. TiTll. Matloli- aii('tiorai:f f"*. may In* Hm^\ irolrr Htri-«»of i'in-iliiii*tjtnr4M«, KW. Mnlltilf Hnrr. .'T :.:»'( «i:. ;il« iiiri'iliHo, >i». *]lolan<^' of inoiiOi from Piililalfonla. .tM. litoiith I loiMil from .Inly to NiivpinUpr. .'■•I. town of I't'lroha near. Hm. ItM .ll Olimi'*!, toi* laiiiltiiark. milld dune. :tJK. Kill honik'-'. '«". foul. UK. 111*1. If filily curriMit. :>»*. ki l|i :»'.>. piiiikt'ti riM-k off. HKi- Mal» iiinl< llarlxir. ILmkI • I 'anal. fvll. -hatlow M ati-r III, 1.(1. Maiir. Ik- rili-.l. '.'ri Maury lnlaiiil.AI i i.l'i.i.in.iiiM. h.irlKir III f'l.i. May lor nSg.il, <>ak llarlior.arj. iiiarkiil liy :* IikIiI ''■'•'J. May III- NIaii.l %•*! Mrailou- I'oiiit riii% M.Hr.» 1 Ur-I 4lo 4ll,4i;> I.V1. 4.V., 4711, 4T3. 471. 4..I. 4'.'J. tW. fl<'. liiTi. I rj, I VI |;II H'J. III. 44ll .M*'t;atio.i rotiil l^•llll Mclaiio* Ji .NleilaiMrii I'oilit l*'alm- Itay. il*'«i tiIm'iI 'Zh .Ml i^'t(<4\ ilU* villai;i- -"-t Mt'iinliiil llraiiriilaiiiook lUy 111. In .Mi-iiiiiHiiio.< a|Mi ii.,.v<,'£ii.n ."J7. H'l .»« al7^ll,»Jl,^1l.^■^ itj, .r'.i .1* M.nil.Mino llay.'^l 'iHT ■J.^'i.2«7 rharai l«T of i oail, J^l bi-arliiu anil ttiM.iiiif of iHiinlof. from — I'oiiit Anna llk'lil lioii>4-. Ij-vl Alliioti ItUrr Ztl ■ll><' of. i-^l r(Mky (Hill li Ufa' ftilrant-c 2M:1. tnilloni 2VI ilt-iilti of wairr '.'M emtll) r»Mti|{iil/«-(l. JK1 liouiltlyiliK ilaiiin^rs.'^t Mrniloi'inn liny Ciiiitliiiiril. nwi'll III •■itmini'r 'Jil niKiialH a^ I ii.lali' ol liai lair to a|i|iroa«-)ilii|{ vrnsota, :N| wliiiryr«, -1.1 ilrplll of wnllT ill.'.'HI niiMirintr liiioy^. >|. M'Hm'li* anrlior to liM'wanl of. iM4. loral niiiiie nf liarlmr. 'J**!. CoiiHl Siirvry Nlatioii. '^1. Ki'o^ra|iliii-al ihi^iIioii. '1h|. iiiatcnrtii- ^ aniitioti. :^H|. rlllaKv iil.>l Mi'niliH'iiioI'lly. ."77, SSI.JHn, MciiiliM-iiHi llnitl. 'JH|, Mrniloriiio .MoiiiitattiM. Zi~. MPMilora, I^, MrriTil. I.iitcuna ili* la, I7i) .Mrt.alf lioikH, lli )a>ariiiK 'iiiil iliotaiH-** front t'ayiiriM l.anillriK, IIH. liiiioriiit; Inioyi iH'tu i>rn .Moil««' Itoi-k iiihI. Mi. Met/tear. I 'a|ilulli. I'J. .Wfii.vimi. hIiI|i. yoynifc of. ;i.V2. .Mi'iiian I'oiiil. IJ. 11. II ili', iKMirtni; anil iliHtain'i- from IIiiiiiIkiIiII IIkIiI. -''•I, Mlilillii lliinka, Slralt ol Kii.a, Vv'v la'untii; anil illataiKt' from IMm-oviiry lilainl lii lit hoiliwi. 'i: ili'>i nlnil. Vvl, Mlilillr Karalloii l(l Shoal, Nun l>ii.', icl, IM Mlilillr i' t,Saii t'li'iiiinli' l,.laiiil,72. . Miililli- IliM k, lli»lrilt'lloii lNlanil.,'>il»iii •• from IliK Flat. «H iH'a. h, ,'l»'. Mill.', Klaniaili koM. :I-''.i I'rlnity Kol'l. f-"' Minor lulaiiil HIrall of Ku.a, MSI Mlra il.-» I'oiiil, l'>7. 1'", Miarry, I'olnt, lUI, InI'i, Mt«alon Hay K..<'k> I'M, win, Jsl lit Iniiiw, '•■%'» liltlil lioii«i',.!'" INDKX. 680 Mliml.m Uny IliKkH -CoiiliiuiPil. (I>'m'rlli)'vi' liiwrt. l:l. Mnlnlr I'l.liit. ^17. iW. Mniiollny.llil. ■ImiM'. Ili°>. rnlriiHri' to, Itn. tlili', MrtiiKtli i.f. lli'i iil>|H>iiriiiii ( I'llliir Itmk fri'iii. Ilrt. liHiiirilniiH t lUr wilhiiiil |iiliil, 1111. |iIhi'<' lo iiiK Ihtr, 1 1*1 117. hI^iiuI fur pllnl, 110. lIlltlKITH. 1 17. Molinrily, 117. MiiliM InU't. Il.'i. illrtTliiiii, ll.V In-ii.lof-h.iri- lino, US M.iiiror. I'.'liil.iiiil. MiiiilnUui. , IV .l/iiii/.i.i.i, •.liHiiiir. I'.f.'. MolilBm Mount. liii. IM, l'''7. lfV<, ICW.JU, Jr. KcuKriMiliii'iil iiiiHition, Ifi7. Miilltarn I'.. ml. I.V.. l.'iT. l'.*. HI". I'Vl. 171. 1m7.'.;i«). JIS.'JIO.'JJI. iM'.iriim itiiil ili«liimi> frniii I'llliir I'oiiil. IipO. rliurm t'T nf Mhnrc. I'm. fi>(t\vhii.ili'. l^^. II." (If'MTilM'll. ItiJI. liCiiriiiK iiikI ili»lani« li> I'lifi-oii Vuiiil. im. iMinillcMi liiilit-lM>"«-.li'>"- Siiii l-'nuti i-^ftt lliir liiiuy, ]<**. Ilitlll Itork.li'l IVllllI llOlll'lll liglil-liouw.liitl. HiKirfMiiiilliWttnl. U>1. Miiiil'illu.lVJ MoiiUt.y >.« Mciilt rev Ituy. Hi, UJ. l.M. Iiw, llW. Mii|ltl".<'lll'llAll» IIIM T. I'>l Monti-/ itnii t ri-rk.'Jlt. Monti'/iiniik l>iliiiiil, Jl'i Moo.ly I'oint. l'ni;cl Sonii.l iVJ.'i Ki-nt-rul ill--"! riidnni of. 'iJ."i. It^ltt on.ii-i iHiinni- mill ili«liinii- !.■ miijIilHirini! iiliji'it.fii'). known ii.M.lolin«nn'H rmnl. ''-.'>. ■Inutl oll'.l':'). Moody. l-ort.\'iii. r.-l Mooilyvilli-. liiirniiil liilil ''^l Moor.'M LiulIimk iiiol.t.i l.iiiiiliMKM.:! Mnr.-«l.v iHl.io.l, I'lii.iil .1.' Iliiru, v..;, Vi.H, Ml. .Muruiiii I;. Ilk, '.".i".. IKI Mor l«l;in.l Wiln-inclon l.iiijoon, II M<>«.|uito ( lnininl.«'»niil ili' lliiro. 5'iT «lf|)tli ol \Miti r. V>7 Mo!4.-4 l.an Molinil. loniKil, UJ Mount AiTlniilon Inl MoMiit llii7. IIH. IH. liy.lioKm|.li> olVtlnBia-fari-i'f. Ill MollllKainnl. im, I l>. III! U.aiinK nn.l .INlanii- li.i'i I'omt >iif. 1 «l.l-l-'> lieiKlil, I ill ({.■oKta|.lilicll lioMllion, Um. _ _ Mount fon»tiliilloii,Or.u« Miiml, .W., ri<;7,!SiW. 'Cl.ri, I. KfoicnMiliii'i'' lionil'iiii. '•'■" Moniil Kiulilo. nv.'.Jl: Ki'iiurHliliii'iil lio-ition. ir'7 Mount lloilKliii. VniiioiiviT Inliinil. '•'i7. Mount Kri.-. KiilalKo Nlnml V.l r«..',M,V,l. 14.!71 V V M • from MonlirfV Wliiirl. 14^. MonnI rrilnklln, 17:1. Mount lliiar, hn M t Ili'Icim. n.i. ir.(>.'Ji>l,2l7. KI'oKrilpllirltl |HlHitio1l, 1(17. Miimit lloo|iiili,:tt'.l. Kf!iiKtaiiliii-)il I'liiiition.lUiJ. limit iir\iHiliilily,:|:IU. Mount Kimct. ll'.i. lu'lKl>t,:i:K>. l>eHrlf*« aitil ilislami' from ,:t|i.i. Trinliliiil IIi'nil,3.T9. Ili'ilihuK Koc'k.^i^lU. U('OKni|ililt'al iiositlon Mount l.oHiif. ln'i Mount .M'l.auulilin. '•'i7. Mtnnit .MaKUirr. X'tiiiioiivrr Uliinil.-'it:l. lamirall for Sooki' Inlet. .'ill. Ix'iirnii; tirul tlistanrr front ltiu-i> Mount Mi\r*4. 1.."'. Mount .MilfH. Vancouvi r Inlnnil -'ill ili'MiTilii'il.MI. Mount I'ili. i."i7. Mounll>lyiu|iil«,"ill'.."il:!,'il'.l.."illl,r)'.'0. hinill'all.'il 1. Ki'iiuriililiiial |ioMitiou,.M:!. ilciM'rilK'il.ril.l. ri-il. Ml lii'HriiiK mill ilUiiinn' Iron liillil IlKllt'llousp, Tilll. I'l.itl.ry l!o.ks.r,|:l. I'lil.io^li l-hinil li|tlit-liuu.st',ril:l. tjmlliliuli' Ui\rr,.'il.>. Monte I'riito, 1 17. Mount San .loV, 107. Iii'IkIiI. 1117. Mount San l.uii*. Iii7. Mount s«->-riiour. N'liueuuvcr Islmnl.Sltj, Mount sli.whi,!.-.; luiiii of M«iluliiy.:»''7. in-iKiit,.;.-.:. i;i'onril|illlial lio>.itiou,.V'i7. iM-ariuK ami iliKtami- from roiutSl. r.i'oriri'.:S>7. Mount lauMilpai.i. H'll. HWl. HIT. li.S. imi, lUI. I'.PJ, I'.Kl :;17,J'.'0, K>'oKr.i|'liiiul |Mi«itiou. Iii7. Miuint I ilwla ruii.ir.'.i.- ■ from mo of Klamiitli liivi'r. 112 ml limit of viiilillily :ll'.> li.ariiiK ami ilUtauci- from I'oint SI loori;i' lli'ililinit Itock. i hi'iKlLl.ll'J. i;.ov;riiI.llir:ll poHitioil, 11-, Mount /ur. iiiliii. I,'i«. Munlitain. Vlili-r i ri'ik, 1:11. llaUi-r. ri7 l.'iV.VJl.OlH. Ilalil, I I'l. Iliilil I'ali'. IV"*. Ilalil I'op. lii ii,ir«, ■J'.ii. Hlmk. li-.L'.liii. Itlni'. li.lC..UI'.l,'Jl!7. llouii-. 1117. KIk, ll:l, lit. I'Ji'. Kllinor. IVjri.ii.'i.l.iVVi. (iivviliir. HW. (iorila. :UKi.:!ii7. llou'. I.iikf, Ml. l.om-. ITII.-'iK'i.'-'I'.l. Lookout 7. Monilinino. iVJ. Moutara. I.'.H. Ifi7. Ifi.". IH'.I. -'I>I.-'I7 N.alikaliuii-. 1 II, IIJ. II:!. n 1. mi- link, IKI. I'lni', l.'ii, l:;l,li'.!. folnl, l-.'l ^i 600 INDKX. Ipi if MuiintAln. Prnnpnt. 101. K.Hky Hiittv. \»\ 131, 133. 124. Ko«*-. ir.:, ill. ;as'.'. Srt«MI«*. lU. us. It's 44->. 4.VI, 4M. 4M, 4«M. 474. Nm nriiin.. H.7. U\H, I7n. I'.W, 'il7. Sjkii limn. liiT. .Siuitii l.uv\.\. ViTt, \l\ \M\ si!.ki>»Mi. ;c»:. .cm. ibtx, ;r:o, SiHiw :cj. .SnIii. I til, S.iKur l.vtf V/J. Suii-mI. Iiiri. S|mr, iV», .sirrm Ni-viniji. H'tl. Tdt.tr, tyi> I'.m. ii:. JJO, 2S». TrHiM|intU.ii. Mm. till. Tniniy. Lft. 1 ni|»|iiiiti. l<iirii>h: ito'l 'lioiitiiti* frntii ("iiytx-iM Lniiiliiitf, 117. AiKMitU for ^triiiiirnt. tl7 Imiov us. MowiU h Itivir. f> II uiu- f'T r.ik IHviT. :X*H. Milt kill. M I'ori Uiinliirr. vr'. Mu'l lUy. iiiiini' fi>i |t Iliiy,.'i77, MiiK>i l-JiKniiii. ilt'<«4TilM>i|. .'ri), M M\HiM I'oiiit -ii-M rilH'.l. :t7, »y M.VJ. V1.S7. iH-ariiiK iiikI ilinlnitccn froiM, I'.'. MOIIIiilitiUi* ttll, .%4I. Mnuo sintiririi' VhIIcv. tl, .M. Mukk.iu !t.i>.M"' .MI.Mi., ,V.'I. »>ikitt puint, OOU, MuHH«.l r,.vi-. M. Mii^-MJ I.imIki-. ;liW. Mif*-*-! l'oiiii.:{4ti. M.i^^l »:.Hk.;iv% ntlnjitiiin. IV». hiii:ht. tv. iU>|it)i of witU-r ArouiMl. tVi. I.n-Hk. I A 1»pnrtiiic i*'"l '1i»liimT from •*!. i HNiru''** JI**<'f Hnht-luHuir, .1VV \VhikU< |{. Muw».l K... k.< ii-«iiii< ii\ lUy. .rC. hH. LM UV M7 m/f. il'i ill l>1li of wtitiT ttrtinrpl n'* ^HMtritiK nn^l i < it\ Ituht Iki-in* , in. l.-oMii.t IC«Mk. iri. Mutiny lt«y. V.M *■.*% iliitaiH V froiii .Miirnm «t4tii<* INnut, %'JA. ih'ptll of WiltiT 111. '»'.*'> Nii'hiio.lifi iCiviT iJi NMlitiliiio ( .•nl Mlhr", Vaiionivir InlrtUil, Ml. 5W. Naimiini* lliirlnir, '****. BItllUtMltl. V«>. Iii/r. .*»»*i •111 lior.in**. '^*. Iiiioy*., .'►■«.. KiitritiiM' Ulttiiii liglit-lii)iiM» iiiArkM upproiich (u, r>06, lull •* %■«. iftnl niMH'H. Vt'i Nnrnlla. xiIImk'- (Tt. NurroMfi. Thf l*uicrl H«>iiiia, (*H. OlV.OlX • lf>l>th uf nittcr. OPJ. m\/.v, r.l'J, Hllllkcil MH-k, 'tl'J. ftirn*iil.i. Cly. N;'i«hI Ulxt-r. slioKhvAter Hay, 47^, 470. • li-w rilM«t 47*' Niui|ii Uiver, 4l l.«Mikiiiit.4<'l;l. ili-fH'rUK'd. til Hr. til hrrukir. It. nlmrt hiir to rain- Mrurri, III iiitiiH*<« for, lilt. Valioti.il ( iiy. 17. IM. Jit ■.•|,.^^.•|..t. Ntm»rM'tr.t-ii, tj*. ••«, Navarro llrail, ;*7T, /T'-', J^I.'J>rt U<-oKra|ihii-;il |H*tiiti«Mi.'J77 lantliiMrkt -77 Navarro Ijimlittu .'77 U ariuK itiiil iltoiiinrr fritiM I'oinl .\rt'nn lifthl-ho Na\ ario It ii||{i- \ iIIiik<'. -T"* \ii%arro ltiM'r,'.'7T .•:'-» tiitli-iitiilioit tiiiall al.'-'T** H'>i 'I^* «i)niiiti-r itiK lioraKt>.27*t nirrrnl -7h vilhiKf iM-iir, ?7'» NHvi((ntion. Ian-* for tin* proti't hoii n( niiln to.fWl. Navy->arit. Man- iNlanil.L'll NanuhCKali liiM-r I I'J Nrtihkiihiiii Moiiiilaiii lit tIJ. ttt III. IIA l>c*ariii»( itii'l ilioliiiiii' from ( 'ii|h' l'alroti,4l<'t. • lift. tiIm-.I lit Im-IkI)!, It : N(*( Ih>«im i:tv<>r. IJ^ iiNiii- for Saliiioi) Hivrr, ir>. '., ■.•f.7, -CO. \i*rki-r Uli-i.:tH:t \«m1 « I!o. k". r 4H.t. NtMali 1luy.f>I.MJ.*iir,..'il7.5IO,:^A)..'i2l. ilfHi-rilN «1 'i;'l. aiii Itora^f. 'i3l. r4.;»M .**iirvi > Mation.Vi'J Ki-o^rapliUHl iMtMilton, V^i. iii.tKiii-tii- variation. \^1. )ifftu\U)h' dial loll. ^» It. 1.1. .■.-•■.» naiiii'H for, A'JJ, Nfiill.. !£... k ll'.i !'*<. Ni*Mllr i:o, k, Komif Itiv.r, C2 • limtHiu*- from Uok'tii* I!ntt, TT? hn-aki-rn iC2. Ne<. I^a> HUi-. Bitu lN'iiriii(( and <)itl^tii< •■ front I'oiiit iH^lKitila, '•^*^. SiHHlUn, I7r'. W Nelialfin UwvT. 417. 4M. HI, t l:t. 4.Vt. ili-iUutit< from Ttllamook ftay, 441. cliaiuit-l, til Iwr. 141 hot H..tiiiii litHttIf uf eiilraiiL-«, IJfi. ^la ssmum IMU'.X fif>l Ni'^liiUKUli lEIvcr < 'niiliiiiiril K)''>uni|thli-ul |Mf. h'llKtIl nf, l.'l. ni'ltit iiirlitM iiloiiM, r_**.i Hiillir'* f.il . t '•< NrliutH. NiitiiiitH Itity. til. Nr'V Allilon. |l',. NfWt llNtU- l< .^.'ll,.Vl(. Nil mil Itin. -'ij*.t. ill |iili iif ivulir, W.p. i»ii> liiintKi* -VMl. IikIiI li.iii«',rjf...V.>M, MCI, VUAHAWi, W.MVMl, Vi|,V,J,(«.l,!VM, llim rllH'il.'i.»l. rli.iniilir i.f liKlilMO llliilt iltiil Jirr i>r \ JKililllly.Mil. K«'ry liliinil ImlilliniiKi'. Ml. Slllllh'H IkIiIIkI lllllll IliMKI'.VII. I'lilnl I'lirlniU'ii.". ;i .\iliiiiriill\ lli'Mil liKlll-liiiii.ri:||. rmnt WiUdii li^lit-liiHiHti. .VII. foK-niuimlA'n. hlliiv. -MI. lulinin; 1111(1 iliHiallif loliiilil-hiiilsi'.Ml. r I Wiliiiii lit:liMiiiiiHi' Ml. I.dl/. lliMik liKlit'liiiiisi>..MI. lilll-H, MJ. ill«M-nvcri'il, M'J. 'W lluvrii l.iiiiiliiii;. 'w I iKiiriiiK anil ili-til fnirii I'l.iiil Vriilil IIkIiI-Iiiiusi', .'TI. roikHiiiiil ri'i'fH at rritrann- lii.'JTl imrriiw (Milranri- -TI inooritiK liuny. -71 •*iuii(>th watiT wlltiin,'.*74. lirt'iikiTi*. -*TI K llii|ii' lIoi'kK. Is. Niw I'liinl. Kl Svw itiirt, N ai|iuiia liivcr. 4iri, 117 iliHtiiiii'i' fttini iiHiulh, 11*1 i|.. iloHir ilM'il. :i:!. .11, III. ili'iwTiii' loll III" ilttiiini'l. 11, iri|>ti"ii III liar. i'i«»Ti|ili"n • f iMitrani'i', •ll,^^ rt'fiTiMii 1" III I y I'l liaal kTiiinlril«i' rinuiri'cl in I'liliTlilK.I.'i. itUminiT iiikri* [liliil. -i* ili'lilh of waliruii liar, 'Vi n'riTfiiif III NiilimariiH- valley, -W n-feri-iw*' to ilaiitfrr-* ill .i|i|iroarliiliK, :l.'i ri'firi'iii I- lo I'liii liili-Hili », ril.iil I 111 rhitlliH'l. l.^. ri'fiTrlli I" III w liail iiiitiiilr. Ti inooriiii; luioy oil w liarf,:i."i. railroail to Santa \na. ^t-'i. rt-fiTcni i> to laiiilniiirk for iniikiiii;, .'{4. Nf»|iiirt I.Kiiillni;. -"'1 . 'J''-', ■-".'■l, ■.".I'l. ■.".Mi a . iintraiU'il uni' lioraii Hiiiiki'ii riu-ki, '.".II riiiim' ill. '-".tl. ilniliv '.■'.It iiiiioriiiK )iiio>'M, '."Jl. ili'ptli i.r ual.r ■-••.11 Ni'vvi»iit laniliiiK .lf»irilK..I,;14,:m a|ilili'iil iioiUiim, W. ■ lor .Han Salvmliir, 'i.') Nfw '['own San Ihriri Nit-nliiilc, Inilian naiin Mia«lii luitiiin- I'.ii Niiolni-ikl Hivcr.tiiiir of 1 i.'oruia, ri7' Niirnt'l lllililiv It Nlpanil Tnik l.ainlini;, -'■'•. -''X- Nl|>aiii| Till k l.aiiiUnit tniilliinoil. lii'iirMiK anil il|..l.iiiir riiiiii llavi'ii's Nick, JIW. llHul li,lliir,L;i,l'i alianiloiii-it. Jiii'i Niwiiially, I'liKit .s iil.iijl, r.il, Nlr«|ihilly I'lalH, I'.'il. naiiii' Tor lok>kl|i lliuik. li.'.'l Nl-i|iiallv I aiiillni.'. inontli of Ni«.|iiiil1y Itivcr, r.ll. Ni.Hi|iially ItlviT, ivj'j. .\o I'UKH, I'oiht, iim, No I'oinI, I'ojril, vi;.,^**,^^!,^,!!!, WM, .Niiilnlr I'oinl. Vilmiralty liilut. V.ll.ftW .NiKli.-iii'lit lilvir, llvlllnKliuin Ilay,'i7l Ilavi|;alili'.."i7l, Sti'ntilily. Nliifi, ^.I'lTi. .NiiiiiKliiy l.'iiik. H.l, irj'.. 171, 1'.i7, '.:i«i, .IirJ, 'JKI, aci, ilii, 'JIM, aaj, 2M. ili-mTilH-il, '.*ii;l. rii|>litiiil iiii^ilion ulliial. .'11 ;. ri'Kiirili'il « nil fiiir '-'ni. Ki'oi; iiiaunilii- v:ir'iitioii ''il lininnu iiml ilixlaini' lo I' I liryrs linlil-hiiiiMi, 'J 'l. North t'aniilntif*. -111. I'oltll lloiii'lii liKllt-llonni'. 'JIM. SiiiilliiMsl l''arniloli l>:;lil hoiiiie. Wl \\ tii-tlini; 'iiioy oil Siiti i-'riiiu'itiro lair, -111 U'll-liimv, '.111 ili-n-liil. Jill. i|irrilioti.i for tl^'llillin^. '.'nt, li'ilyr tii'iir. '.Ml. loiali'il, 1.1I.-1. Norlli Hay. T.'\ Niirlli lli'iiil I'oinl. Koiii Hay, liKI, Niirlli l-'arall ■•.. Jul. ."-".'. nilnilii r, Jul. ill- iil.iil.Jii|. l.'i'iiKra|iliii III |ioMili(iti, '-irJ. k'roiinil iiroiitiil. 'Jit'.'. Kailini: 'liri'i'llonx.'.lv'l -Sin. cliarlN '.I'-J. naiiirH. '.'iij. Norlli lli'ail I a|ii' I>lHa|i|Miltiliiii'til,4.'il, 174. ill -1 rilii .1. I'll i;ioi;ni|ilii.al |.ositt.,ii, |.M. Ncirth I'oitit, ITI.lsl.Jl.s. loi'.itloti l'i|', IH'i. oIlli'iMif ii'p irli I- f T llii' Mrrrhaiil^' l-lxiliatiKi'. I--'. I niU'il Slati'S ri'Vi'tlllr ulliriT. l'''J. (|iiariiiiliiii' onii'i'rs, Ih'J. Norlli KiMM , sliojiiwali'r I'.ay. I7i'i. Niiilli IJi.ik. lif^liiiilion l-.lanil,.V»l. Noilli saml lli'ii.l. I'-rasir l!ivi'r,r)7<. •|H1, ri^2,fW. Iioirki'it liy a liKlit-liiillso,.'WI,.'i>.'), Vsli. .V..if/u 1 iicr. Hti-iHiirr. wri- Niirlliiriii'r Koik, :1H. :l|.-- rk.il.ll.i. Tw. .la'hoiii Itnik.ll:!. .'uranil ilisliiin'o fr li(,'lit-lKiilw.:liX ili.-Hliinct' fi'i shiiri'. :U ■ li'litli of wiitiT on anil in' ninil.tl 1 rmU u.swii.ili liitwi'fii shun* .-inL.tt i liiatinu' .mil ili.tiitiii' frotn till' *. iipiMilo llii'si'a.2'.i'i. friiin I'l.i.il 2 IM'I.X. N(irlli|Hiri IaihIiiik < oniinth'il \ttrlliu««l iit(( h<>riit£*'. Hiiiit.t ltt><*ii InUiitl. Hft/Jl. Stirlhwi-ii * H(^v .!.W. JV. J.»* JAi. J7«. |{('t>KriM'))i> itl |Mt«tl|iin, JA". iniiltii*'lt> \ itnitliMit .'%7. in«(Mir< « iirrnil olf -'*iT lty ••( (In i-mol )>fl\«-)H'i) lUMlrgii lli'itil iiml I'l l{.--. .•■»■« iUiiti« r*. .'■»'» nit' »hi>T(- MDlltMlniii^. '^"^ Norttiwt «t I'iMMi. hmii < Um.k 111*- I*Ihim|.7I. (Irw niH-fl :t U^'tttifftpllti'itl |Ntit{lilM>r idk riH k«. Kl. k<)|) Ivl N..rih«*^i *M Ml itiH'k ti- iv(. iM fivi. srsrt.iiv. .iv.,wiiv:v.i..v;i. iM'ftrm.: hm.I tl««UiK'< from * ><-.«•*•',» \ 'iiy Ittf lil liuUM'.ilVI. rr«tiii«iiiiory Kuck.l'hl. Hill vtrvl hrlKlit 3\T liKlil-li'-iiiMMin.lH.'CVX riH'k iirar. .I>\t. tt*<|>l>i of wiitrt itrniiixl. 'Al 111 » Ir.ir wi-iilhi-r -(IcniiH r« u'" iii«ii|p of, IVi. Noti«'^ til MiiriiKTH. npltiiiiilory imH*', A, A.iifl*. tiirx file. IVT, Nnynrn\r. >:. JHH. Noyo IJlvrr. ^f.i-C.a** nnrhor.i|c*v -"'■ lH<«rtii|{ nit>) MiotJiiM. frotn I'lxiit <'fil>rjlli>. J*1T. Mrni* t n-rk*. *.?C. foiil U.tt<( I. >7 krl|< ltrii»k« f»»rif of twt 11, JST. ilrplli ol uatpr. 2*7. •I/I' of liitHmr. ■--.. IfMiliitk: ill mnu'*. •^'T- U'ltKtl' "f. >' wHlih ..f :;-*: no < loitt' .il itiii liormcr, '2hm. tUt( t" trtki XiflM'U.tUl. 'JMM. lni III |H>nitioii, '.fv*. Uii'linitrk. 2'» forr*! tolln- iiorlh of ;*v Inilmii imitif. J^*« Niikit'onKp I'l'iiit t>-riti) r i>»iik- ^i*- (i«k ll< nil A.i| NniiilH-riDK "f l>(ioy» ■ Niini|rtl ItiillAiiM. I'''!, O. Oiik lUy. V.|.^>4 v.iv HltllHllt>lt, V.i't ilf|»th itf w»HT, V.*S riirr«-(iit 'V*^ iiaiiitil l.> V.uii-oiufT, Vjft. <>»k ' o\e '.{J Otik llHrUfr •«■>, N l.ilirj iMtov '<( »"-■ Oak lliu'l Ho...) h<\ii,k1 iVil.C3'>. h(lllililr.u;i foriiicr UHiiir.fVtl. O.ik Moiiiiialii. )U1 «':iLliii..| IT'-' 'htkluifl H.i"ui,ir-!.. I. li.l.t.CMl. Uitl latiil. I'llKrt Soiiiitl.'i.tl t>ukuit I'ninL ^iri,M*.| i'l-iik , ."ijii. '/T i M>fM r% (ilor> l;o» ko \ Miii'oiivi-r lilaiol, ^|u. KiM>t(rmiitiu-ttl itowtlioti. Ml OlmlrU' lloll l-liiilij. V;^ IikI-Imi, *.;» iMixlMK liiMi l'ii»» lloxitrio '^(ntil. f/i. VW^. \u.llli \A. Hiiiiki'ii roi k-* tn Vw IhtHIKItli . LfouiMlilthttl IHiNlllolt, .'kl. MiHtfiit-lH' Miriitlion, M\. ri-riTtiii f III \% linrf. Ui ni(|:.Mk ;ll Im uriiiii iiiol iliiliiiMi' from Hi-hl lioi|*f. Ml. NiMiill r.M k^ iii^hti- t!| on Intii'l.ol Cork v.\ ut ::t li«*»irliiu (Kit) il. (-1*- fiKil iHillom nroiiiid. Wl roi k lo llii- norlli%\('«l, IIJ. I>n'nk in-ttr, 1 1.' no \rt-rl oliiind I'M iiiMlilf of tl'J, Imii-<< of ««t!<'l V lit a|>(iloiii limt{, XVl. Oil w. II on >HI, n|,t ' oto iiiM'lioriiKi', u^. ol.l rn-. k. It: oji-lr Point. II I'lriMiiit. ivil. f*/iirr fii/fv Uirk, W!, |vi < '!nt-trr. %•* i>lym|>lii. I'liurl ^oiiii'l fi.Hi, c.^rj, flLM. N;ithMK (Mrt-rtloli»M. ll.l.H. .-..7 U<*o|irit|>liirul iMMltlon. (VJ7. miiittii'tii- \ itriiilion, •'■.'?. in iirr»i
  • 4. wlmrvrH. TiiM, riitlroml >-oMti l*<>inl. (VSt. oivinptu u linrf.fV.T ()|ym|iii<4. Muiinl. M'J, .*tl't, M*t, .V.'l. fi'A\. nlytnpiit Umuki'. .•••'7, •■I'^t, *».1'i OniiH Uliiiiil. WittliiitKtoii '«oiin(l, ''fil. RfW. !S(irt. fli'Ni tiImiI. ^wJi l'ii'«'«iim' oiT. 'n*i7 nmrk* •! !•> it hk'lit, V". On hHrM u\rrlrv4, .'t>iV NilUittioii. ;i^ wiiltli, Ml. i|<>|iih, Kl orfoni I'ort. Wt. ;lft.t. ;»fW. rj V\. T.i. firfor.l IU.*f (71 t7H, :t7''. iliotu n r from *liori'. ■''.» 111*1. riit-liwii t«) vrom-N ni |H»k ^s<.i. tirk K'rtf. Win.lii'M^r IWiy 4irj iii.^t. t tfMMl, I 'Vk\>*' \\n\ II '"'H ^;'ot;r*ii»liiiil |M><*Mlon '••W. iiiituiH-lit \ 111 iiitlon. 'f |-'iii til < iiiilihiii •!. II.M UHII iri'ik. III! I'Ut.y nil \Vl rmiilhiMil ii.iriili lliiy, IViri iir.lmriiuift. I't-iti ihu uikI rtl>«<>l,fVr.' Ni W iMiiiK* tl* >N liuhi-liiM Mr, ■'>■'».'(, il>'|.lli ..1 ii.il.i iiil.Ml tii>n< III M >Hi |x, V) i. liiM Iiiirii|{i* iM'Hr.'il.' HllMtit riiri rillly h tllMilrtI, V'l.t. « (irrfiilM.M- 1'iiH.i. Mill, n. r I!m. k.('ii|ii' I'oiilHi'iillii r. IJll. ruiw. Vtlivi'. '.TJ.'tHt ■ iiil li.iikH J'i«. 1 rurtiMiniiit, fiJl, llnlir llri'iik.in. l>«MV|itiiiii. "Mil 'iH- v.w,:iw. iNNtrlitK Miiil •linlitiKi' rriint ^li'tini- IhmiI l(, MM. niik iiM.'iln. MUCH Uiit'k, \ iiiK >iiiv« r NhiM*!, iio. ti,hii>Mtn \ ill.- sliMulwiUrr Hrt> , Til. T'J. iHit. «lmrf IT"- iliiiiiiM'l hi. !'-«. rthi'iiU iii'iir. I7«. OyMt-rviJli-, Vii<|iiiiiii lilvrr, lt\ * I'. I*nii'. <'ltnrIi'J», .'*. I'lii'i I ' oiwI.KriH'ral (If'.cripliuti t»f. Hi. f 'U>"ll,.'ll, m'iMitiiN f»r. 'Jitt. wliifU of. 2:111. rui-illr Miiil S*t'illn-Mtn|* <' pilliv.lt. /'iK-lfii, Hh ltlll>>llip 711, I'lKillr ' lllliy I uVf, 111 I'liilui.i lliiy rxii. Vix l'u|j>rM I.iiimIiiik. IM.II'< US. ■.!/.■ I !■>. irnoririK l)lii>> M t r< lifiiriiiK tint) tl)t*iiiii('i' friHM MdiiliTcy wimrf. U.\ I'lijiir.i UiviT. IIH. I'li.lurii. tt»wii. 1 1.%. rulii V Miluin.HHli \.n\H Kry MiMintilltlrt. 'J!l. In-ml.l -.".I, .'I'oi'i Miliirill |>UHllion.'J'.t. Ill'...'llll ■>■■ riiliiiiiur .M'Miiiiiiin, Sitri l.tiis Ki'y. -i. IlliKllI.J'l KtMiuril|illU':ll lutMllilitl. 2*.*, liiii.ir.iM, .:■.', I'bMhi. lliiy.JMii. tMMiniiK tiil«l diMtuih r fruiii 1' t ( tilinllo, jsti, N..V.. lllviT, J11. , Klinri'S.Jx'i. 1 linH'.ixV il<|illi iif Hiitir. .Wi ri'tfl.. 111!' liiirlliivinl.JMT lllltM'iU « ptwltlnll. U'\vii.:t'.l*», I'airy Iliiy, '-Ir.iil iil l-"inii. .'»l!i. I*i(rliii^'.l<>ii .iiiiihiii;, I!-'. ih.Hlaiict' frniii l',iiiil •'111. I.I-. iiiii'liiiriiKf I '.J I'lirti I.Iki- I lull 1. . >*lriiii lif I'lu-ia. v;i;. .•i!7, Mn. .v.:i, V'v-i. \v.>. .v.m, vjl, lau f,i/»v.Vt.l. Mliialiiiii.'k'ht. «lrwrilH'tl,.Vl.i. Imiiy on. V>;j. lK-«rinii»iiililist«iini" Siiiiili'- r-l.iii.l linlil-lic.iisr, '..•>-!. I',, lilt CurlriilKi' Kfil ltuii\ ititUr filtlloniM ■'•■'':(. .Vilniinilly llf.i.l liylu li.iii-i> .VM. I'.ili.l WiNi.ii IIkM li"llw.''-'..l. I'oli' "iii7. Tori in , .^t*-'. .V^L.'i'O. 'I'liali'licr V,|. rii«»aui . Vuillf. 'Jll.lili.'i.ri.lJ. \nai-il|ia. '.'■*. Hali'lr-,. |-,L'J.i,^:l.li'.M. . ,,lyim. .V.l>..|-,|M.llll,lil:i lilli.CilH. HhIhi I'l". Itaiiu-*, r.jii llra.ili.ii iiJI.iv.'i',. llali'H. .'.i.M, *>i;',i. (iJI, ll.-.iili . -.I'p. llnopiM'*. Jill. Niirr, ,«■■<, r,l» lil'.l.liM. I'ralr n. li'.'li. I'lll.'.JI. I'litiMiMr. ',.*VI. i;i( li 1. ii-i'.. 1,1.1. San Minitil, 'il.'.)-!. Hiiraliina. ■'•■'■' 'a«i,i',iil. I'.iHwiKi- l-lali.l. llMlTanl llil. I . 'i.;!. I'lixnaKi Hill Iwiin till' iilaiiil-' nl llii' r>Hiiln tiarliara ChaiMii'l.'il. 'Jil, I'ali,-. iHlanil.l'iiiial ilf ll,irii, V>r, .ViH. 'iil'.i. TiTJ. "i7:l..'>71. t-i'iiu-rapliirai |MimU,,i, Vi'.i I'liln, Uh I' 1, 1;I7, I'llUi'i-inli (' l'..l'iit'1111'i Siiiiirillli'lidl'iit U. 8. I'oilgl iltiil liciaU'llo .siirvt y iffiTi-nit* til, 7. IVak. Al-iya. IIJ. 111. .XlllllTinn, I ■-. Ilalil. ITI.MVi Ciiiii'. l:»i. CiMiilira ill' la>< Alirin. I.V<. (iniylmi-k, i.'i7 Kiiii{.-'7:1. ml. iii">,>II''.i. I.iiiii. I'J'.l. Maiiry'H. II-.', lis. I'iiii Itlanvii. l-'l-'i. I'ri'stiiti, .V»7. ."tiiliHi'. I<'7. 111. Ill.:i'.i, VJ7. Siil|.liiir.-Ml I'lali- 1 I'a—aui- I'lmil s,.iltiil.tV.'l',. IVap,"! H II. «k-. Wa-liiiiul.iii Siiiin.l.lVi6. (l.-«.rilM'il.r.i.i-,. ilf|illt iif wat.r af,.iin.l..'»i'.ii IVarl llarl.i.r 11'' l.iMniiL; HI. 'I .li^i.ii.n- t'ri.ii. Point l-;^tiToH, 11'.' Ill, liarl.i.r. Il'.i il.iiiKi'r. IJ". im.lii.iilu'i'. l-ii i'l'iivini' I'liH". lilt , -1. Strait. •'>*..'». I',.,.|ii>lli.il«', Ml IVilio l!ii>-k. Ins. 1.'.. 111. II I. Ill lii'alllik'all.l ilislaii. I' iriM.i I',, ml San l.nw. Iil> ai.l'r.iraii.'i- If. H.^hiiri-. 1"" l.ianiiK ai.'l .li-l;u.,.' 1.. \\ l.i^llin.14 l.ii.iy. hi'.i I'.il.li-i Uiy snail ..I I'll, a, 8iri. IVilirntil.s I'.iinI, Mi. I'l'.ln. I'liint. :;s I'l. 111. Il.i.is I'lii.i', l'.,i,Miniiti. I..niii-i sii|..'riiil.ii.l.'iit ' "ii-t Survey, r.-fi'ren.i' til. 7 I'.lii'al Kliill. Saiila llarl.ar.i < IlhiiiiI. '-'■. I'i'lii'un Hay, •k , '■:•• naiiu'.l liy. ■'■'''• I'l-h.-iin Hay. Siiiita Cni/ Islanil. s7, I'i'll.aii I'liinl .(li.lila I'l.mt ', .'i,!. I'.l r.'li.an lii.ik. I'nii.l San .litan ( a|.i«lraiii). '■». I'i'llv I'.. ml, IriiHiT Itivir. 'iM I'vnalli.sfui .l..iiiau.'t"''iilmiariiii inl.l.-sinSan Kriiin'is«.«iiy,l.l7. S,.. .ii 'i i ¥• -I ifr- ! Ill ^* 69 1 INDEX. I^■ll^l^•^ I-IaiM* ('mini ilo lliiro. VVH, 'v*l retklufiulK. Kih-iii..'i'.i.s. Sail r jcImn). !M. Tnnmli»ii«, Ir.s. |T3. T.)inii1.i«,l'iN.h;5l. lVnlii»ii1n r.iti.l I*', IKt. r.hii'ii •■.ivi-,'Vl (((■•vrilHcl, :"\. lVr|N-l>iH, (HIT, Idl »'«. I'>, 4i'.'. 111,41). 111'.. U:.4.M.«J2.U1. IV* ii.l^ni r..|i.|. \V<. 1.19, 11« kH'nt'liiu iinil ilWtAltco froiu I'ltct'on Point. l.V). ntli-ri* Inn- IVi. i*unk<'ii rtM k*. I^(i. Uitl.mi 11 -iLirf . IV. ftlii'.ilt Dtiotiiti iifiir I.Vt. fi.rt.tMtii.ti i.r .<04kl.4iHrtl. 1.'.> I'lllar I't.iitt, 15(V ui. kt It.. \'>h. frluluiiui I rM-k. 'JII.2IZ. IVtitUrn.l Viilliy,r>l. IVt.'.-. I'.mil.i|» IVlr..lin. l.iwh ..f *i». rvtr.iltum •.(.nut:*, .ttUJ. I'fciir.r » IV. 11,1 ! x:. m. b. nriiiu aii.l ili:«i.(iur fr..iii I'u'.U.u* Ithincas. 132. I'oinl ^ur. l:J-* KiK-horitue. ru. Ii>llkili'i|.|un.7l>. l'luli|.|.iiit' l»i»ii> 124. IJV. |.»>. 1 11. 133. ttrfti-nlH'tl 121 arc or viitlltillly. I2^. Kt ti^nii'li.t^ii ;.tt*iti tini I. Hit*. 12:^. !■■ oil vrmu'llo. 1.S, ( lift*. H«i, MMrliii, 12&. I't.liil Stii. 12'.. I'.. nil rint.ii. 125. ri...iiS4. ili'».'rlU-il,l]| ".(o. lai i'lf^l^t.« tit- ItM I.CHrirl .h'ln- lit.r IM o.. •Iior*. tKHiri'liiiK'* li* tthy itHiit4Nl 1 ".1 llltlll-lto.l^f 111, II'J. l-»'. 1.52, l\l. I(i<>. l&H. ■Il.mlitill. IM kil.ilor IikI.I I.S4 arc til »i«il.ilily l%4. K('oicrA|tliitit1 ittnlliioi. I.Vl iiinKTiflit varijiti-in 1.5% Ih'MMiik Aiitl tl.tttuiitf Ui i'liiril ^tir. IV» I'ltiiit I'lntMt. I'A I'.ilfil \i. . \ii. v..(t.ii mM-1 MitiitKrii I'ltittI It.ij t^tii"tlt' I S i: Ki.rtllt.ii lUlit httiitti' ft Ijii.jy off Hau Kruin;tmo Uur r>ik...t% ht«ti*». i*.o. lai.tlfall. |,5A. dev|.-tu'.i Acitintlliii^H off, IM. nut ti f 'tl, riKfoii .■■tir.l K,««lliiy.;«)«. I'l!'-..!. Ki>.r iV< PllUr, K'.i.tailt>f trt.nl rii,.t'i.ii rtiliit, t!S7. ttttl,li.ii(;iilv,157. Cornil tit* Tifrrii -■'itrtiii^ti tutitu.i, 1,57. fitiil linltolii. 157 nlloni iiiiirki.tl l.y l.iioyM. 1.57. fl«k--"lnir 1 t~. <'tMi«l survey '4lulitiii. |5«. ^'rt>i*rtinlilciil itoNition, I.5.H. initKiii'li. \ II mil Kill. 15*. lll!ltll|liuk.t. |5h Pillar I'oinI 521 5JI 52\M1.5t5 iM^uritiif itiitl tlisiHiit f from W'liutttliih iHlmitl 52* I'Mi/. Ilouk litilil-lioiiw . i2l frt'Hli w,it|.iiniilr<* lit H (llntitiut.. 524. tilltiri. riiMt of. "'25. wrt't'k l.ui.y '.2'.. nlittrftiiic to I M-stfUl liny. 52.5. rm-kt* iirur. ^^^i Pilliir KtH k.i'i.luuiliia Uivvr, MU. Mitiiiition. 1'i.l. lIP-HtT'lKMl. t<"..t, nliiml iK'iir. It't.!. iiiitiie.t* for. IChv Pillar •( ...k. 11 I. lilt. 157. Pillar I. .,'k i'ttini.il'.i. UI. I&.5. ■.'illiirtllttn (rfi.k, 157. I'ilot love. 17". I'llol Kfii.l.. Ct lii'iKlit. ~l ItcjirlnK aiitl •iiHlatitt' fr>>ni Caitf Drli.rt] li^lit-littiinv. 'C4. 1 "illtf **fl.;iMttttn. •'."(. Miimliiitf .Mituiitulii,.'174. KPOHraj-Ult al pi>ilM.r lMlantl..5Sli Itiirninl liili.l .5itl. IMlol Point. 5.K1 lllot rfntulati.tti* tiiftirtiiiti.,11 com'«'rnliin.C;7. Pilot Kt» k. UI XU. Ell li(*uriii|,{ Hlifl diAlam-u trom Trinitlatl Mfa.l .t.11. liKli>'liou»<',.m. Iii-ltllil l-l> (lf|ttli of vralfr iirotititl 3.'!1 laiitlmtir't for th' liarUtt ;l Pill Itot k. I 'atalm.i .tirlNtr.s.i,,tM r.ilatiiia lHtatitl,7H7. Pi ,.,j.|i.|io.. I'rt-fk. 2>.'2'' :«i I'lllf I ,r i\ I' \ iliaKf, 2V,. I'liif Mill lai.il mark .IimtiIuvI 2'<. I'liti' Ulaiiil '•lit.iluiili r lUy I7ri I'llii' .Maiiiitaiii 1..". 121, 12'2, 121. Pllifn r.ay of, 247. PliKH. Point of 217 P.iinacli- l(.M-k.27.' r-J. piiii.atli' lloi'k Til. HI ik lltntl )i: Pliiiiat-lf Hot k t.r Kiita Pillar. 5|i't Plni.ulf Ittt. k> 2.57 I'ilio* I aim ill- 221 25' 1 Pllt.w PtillU.l. ••2.125,1.11, ll» 1(11 111, H2 111. If., 170 2tr2. Pl.iittil'iii klm.. PUiiio fantllKK, .'l>.. no, N-aniiji anil >ll»taiit"i- frt, 111 P,tin|s,in l.iii>, 1(>7, IHmiio.-aii.l.'itU. I117. il.'Hi rii.lit.n tif tln.ii'-llne, liiT. Wt.i.rf. lie tllrt-t'llttitM for al.|iroaclilitt{ vraarlii, 1(17. laiitlliiark. ili7 iltt.«trliiK lt"lt»y^.|itt.»itittn of. Itr: Illiktrili-tlotiH for vi>*.-H-N a|i|tr.i,it lll,'-t{ wliurf, 1U7. laiiiliiiurk III*; Arroy,>tiraiitli\ iiftiri'Ht lowii. It'T Piat.il Ulvi.ir,:li.7 nitiiatl'iu . ~ xvi.lll. .if Ufiulll ir.7 Itfat'll. i'i7 r'H'ky Itli't* louar-ln < a|i» .. i>aKtlaii,.167, iiiitiir^ itl Iiitllaii^ -.11 u;v ruclifr Puliit.Tlllaaouk Uay.iU. ■*-7 iNiir.x. 695 I'iit. Mmiiit m-:. I'iit I'lKsiiui' I'uiii'i Sniiini.o:;! l'ln»kill li.Kk. l.m. I'liillx ll.irl>..r,Siinl.' I'nw Uliiml. S7. I'li\ll ■< Mill .Ji.l. ritiinlxT I'asHiiur, \'tin*'<»uvri l-l.unI..Vp4(. I'lMiit. \lial ,:ll.'.".>:i. r,.iiii Aii.imi 'JK. ni, •.'7'.i. :i'»>. ii>i. r.'ii. t2'.', ii',', irin, ir>:, ivi, r>;. rix li,.', llWi. ICT. IIW. ilpwrilxil, IVJ K(Mitfr>t|illii-ill tH»Mitlou. l'V2. .■'.■uni'tiT of liKliM-'t-. uri-iinil liiiiil ,if vlxiliilily. IM. Kf"Krii|iiiual |»i>itloil. Wl. lntl){ltrtu- vurfntl'in, IM. liEiiniiK iiii'l >li-lniMr I.. CiiK-orrur.t linlil Imu-.!'. (M. •{. (iiK-«lii«lli', IM. iiunir^ for. I.'kt. r..llll, M'.li.V.lM.Ciim. rmiil Anttvli «.->l^.r.i\SJfi,SJ7. Ixiiiiiii; nil. I .liHtiiiiM- firm <(li-.liiry I'oiiil. '.J(l, <|.U ..ir. iLiiiK'Tou, Ml I'll. K \n-atli.T,'.v, I'.iiiii AiHi Nu.-ici, 111, If., n... ir, ii\n:i, iiT, li',M5ii, irii.i'A isi. IV., !.-■*, l;ir.,j|.-.,21;'., J-JUil.'. UM'lllil.ll, I'll l.riiiU<-r» IM .l.|.tlii.f wiit.r, IM, liul.li'h .liiiif;.r, 151, an. li..n»«.', 1'.-. ki'lp, !■•,; ivlmrf. I'.'- f0i;-wl.i-.tlc r.i. ,l..«,rilH-.l, l,'.^. H.-..Krai.lii.al |....ill..ii, IVJ, l)i»K"."l"' varialii.n, 1'.-. lK'»riiiK aii.l .IwUim- li> "iiii'l lliH lUiin, IVJ. l-ollil 1,1 ,1.111.., I'..' ri.ihl I'm.." liflil, I'.-'. I'ii;.-..ii l'..ii.t lii:lii, l.'.J. S;iiila irii/ IikI.1. ivi. r.iaMl Siiri. y rharl. IM. iiit-iit:<.ii.-tl l'.^■ 'H.nzalf*. l'»:t. (iml.iMluili- fur "IvainiTH, IVI. .■.nu|.a.*.*»'H alVf.if.l ..IV I*. 1. .ill'nli..r>' «...ii..hi.i;'<. I'.'. t'.illil Vf... Niii'Vi. IlKlil-li...!-.', 1(1, I'ollil. .\|i|.li' «'..v>'..V.I7.">'.w l>iiliit .\rl».l.-.la. K l-uh.l.-f Villi. -.'.I.I. l«-ari!ii aii.l .linlain'' ''"'» ' M"' Alava.r.Ul. ,l..«riU-l,Mll. r...k.(..ir.MO. Kionriil.lu. al ix.Biliiiii.MI. lN,i,.t.U.-...i, II'\^"-! --■■.-"^.■^■'■-'«-''' ■^^'■■^''^■-'■-.^'■^■^■'■'■•■-■'^■->^- ■»,«, llil.:ll<.''l'J tiy.lrii.!r'.(.liy fn.iii run K.iw .'''l UMiiii.;: a...l.l|.iii>-fr"li' I'l'tii' Ki-yi-s, :TM. .l.». riN'.l. '.iT.i. -T- VU'W- fri.iit »7iv liy.lri.Winl.liy.;.':!. ilaiiv-i r.-'7l. ..n'nli'.i' Hniili.liiiji"i, 'J7I. lurri'iil -71 Ian. Hall. r..l.lH|.iiin{ M..1111IUI11, .''I «i-,.,:ra|.l.i.al 1...-1I f. -"!■ i,«i,t.i,...„» I'l;, -"•1..!!.: jvi.i-.j,wj,'7i,J.i,:Ti..M..-.'..,Jvi,,..n, nw. :ill,:ll>t. nUiialiiiii..'7l. * narlvi-l»-«-.*,i7l. Iliiillof vi«il.ilily.-'7-.'. j;i'i.ttnil.liH'al j...-*tli.m. -Ti. iiiaKtii'ti. vHrialti.ii. ''-■ Ual liif! ail.l .Iblaiir-- 1" I'liinK ■ulillllii, J7'2, I'liiila iliinla. 27-' (■ap. M. 11. 1. ..ill.' lli;lil.'J7'.'. I'l.iiil Hiyi'S lii;litlnmwM;7J. Iliulrua 11. ail.J7-. '.liiil .Vi-.'na f'l.nUiiuotl. ...iisi hii..' i,i('a|..> .\lfii.liiiim>,27^. .l.'laili'.l .Ic.n. 111.11..11 ..I till' f-liiiri's 1.. tlie iinrlliwar.l c>f,27:i. I'.,iiii Vrniii'll... I.'.. .'.7. .'.Ii. .'.7, '.i.'i imi. 1117. 111. l-!i, l-l. Ii'), 135. l..-iiriliK an. I ili-tan..- fritin I'.iiiil <'.ilici'|i(;ion, lUO. I.iiiilfill. l'ran.|Mlll.>ii M..uiiliiiii. UK). K«'..ui'aplii.'al |>..>ili.iii i.f -iiiiiiiill, lot. i'..a.1i».n. Inl. lun.^ltl^;. iiirtlriirli..iis f..r riitfri.iK, 101. pi'i-iiharily iiiiiur.u..iMl.|. ■ allicT. 102. sw.-ll. 111'.'. unl. .11111(11- wliisdiiiK l.uoy. 102. <'4mi.( Siirvt'> niKiiiil. Iii2. U.'..Kra|.tiii-al pu.sidoll. 102. iitHKOtMi.- viiriattnn. li'2. liiMriuu- anil ili-laiui-. frutn. I'i2. appt'iiraii..- ..f '.l.i.-.-l- vi-il.U" fr..iii. 102. .>t)-Hl...l-i' -.iiuiilii.i;?*. I112 1.1'ai inK ao.l .lltlau. .■ ti. San liafacl. 102. ilantfiTi.iiH iiiillayi.iu. rnkii. In^i. • alli'.l I'inila I'l'.l.'riMil.'n. (In' < 'aria < nni'ml, 103, i'rr..tir..HHly prinlcil I'l-.lri) Nalcj*. lo;t, natni'.l Ity Vaniiinvrr, I'.ilnl, Amy. 212. 2i:l, 21'.. 211'.. l-i.uil. U(..r. '.I INiii.l Alkin«..ii. Ilnrnii.l I nl.l. '!'<:!. Ii^;hl-li..n-.- .111. .'.;lil •'i'vl uiT ami liiiiil ..f \ isil.i!i(y, Sh-I, KiM.^raplii.'ftl p..-i(iun. ■'»'<(. tna:;nt'(i.' vaiiulii.n. r.M. ln-aiiii(. 1 .lislun.-.' (.. l'..inl (ir.'y, rwi. N..rlli -an. I llmi.l, W4. A. liv.' l'as.< liKlil-li..n»i-,'iSl. I'l.rli.T l'a»-. r»sl. (ial.ri.ilrt IJ.-i'f. ^,^l. Dnlnmi'u l«Irtml li>;IUllon»c, 581. I',..i.l \yi.s, .;ii'. I',. 11. 1, I'.a.i.l.l.ili, ■.JI.'iJ.l. I'.niil. Hall. > I i~. I i'.i. r..inl llallasl. 17, I-. I'.', 'J'!. 22, 2:1,21, 27. .lew rili.-.l. 17. I'l.inl llall.'iia-. 1'.12, I'll. '2n'>, 211. I'liinI liaii.la r...l.>'< Saul .- Hay . 12 l'..lii(. IImskIi.i'.2...'.2V.'.1I l>..inl. llalliTV. 117. :!r.,.V'7, '■.'!-. .1".'. II. i'.12.i;l I, RIS, Polnl ll.ah. i.r>. iLMi'ir.; lui.l .llslan.'i'fi-on. Holpliin l'..iiil , niD. Kr.l.ni-.in l'..lnl,.n.'i. (I.-plli .1 water ar.'in..i. •'I'". i,„k ..II '.f. I'lniil, li.■;^^. I. -""., -'•7. I'uinl. ll.'ll -. 2'.12 lV.ln( li.iiii.ll.'.il.'..l.'.t.,'>7. IV.int, llir.li.'.7.'i .'.77,..7i, l',.inl.l!ia.-k,IVI.172, 177.1MM '. 1-2. I-... 2;;l. 2|.'.. 21S. l'..inl,lllii.'Ul...k.:;''7. Poiiil HI. lit 1-1. l'.Hi.2l... l..,.iil I'.I. nil. Kl 21'... ,.,,„„ Ii, la. 17.1 171. 172, 17:1, 171, K-.. I'", I'M. 1'.12, 2()r.. '207, 211,2U, :i 1. .';.-. 21-. 21'... 22". 227, -'.12, 2Vi, ■:[•*. :is.-.. •.iln.itli.n. 17,1. appi'illllln'e. 171 n...laiiK''i'.l''. 17:1 li^|„.| M. l.-i. I..'.>. K I. 177. 17- 1-2. K-.. ISIi. I'.ll. 19,1, ':0(),2O2, 2n'v.2i»., 2117. 21.1. 211. 212.2 l,2ir.. 2l'.i.!'22n, 221. ,h.«lilail 171 ar.' ..f vwil.ilily. 171. m«..ni iplin'iil pnwidini. 171. niimlnli. va.lall.in, 171 iKarniK ami .l.-laiu'.' 1.. I'.ixl.niy K.'i'f liiniy, IT4. I'.. ml U.-yi'-hKliI, 171. N.... inlay U.Kk.171. S. K. Inialli.n li«lil.l7l. I'.iinl "an r.'.lrn, 171. I'.nnl M.mlara fi.i; ivliinllo. 171, mimlry l.m.yn. 171 l'..nil llialil.i. 171 Al.'alra/ Nlaml liKlit, 171 [••..il l'..iiil Ut;\n. 171. Hi'ul rockH, 171. i I I ti «i 69(; INDKX. •J- * «. •; .1 ! ii"Ml roiiil lliinoln ('oiitlniietl. f(i|; Hijfiinl. 171. lifFHTlU'ti. IT.*». f"K K'l" '""'■ ih*« otitiiKu'tl, 17^. l',.int lU.iMllu. ;vMl.■>l^.M•*,^:w I'l.mi li..l~i. III. l.•v^. l.vv I'.. ml Ilr;i.i.iii7.«ll.lin. Pouil. llrNtHt iVJfi. I'olnl llr... kiv.iy.S.iiilB I! ".i l"l«inl. ».). 90, 91. Point Itniwii CiMDMioili-i'ilM'tlt llilv,r>ltV Kriii'rii) .If^rript'oii t'l("' ili'.l> w.itir ott r.ii) bmnim liiid tlipUiiuo to I^.tinl Uubin'*oii.f.ir. |)al... I'Mllil.nlT. iv.iii l>i-ll»m'v.117. Tii.-..mn (.17. IlKhl .•.!7 I'.niit Hr.iwii.limy • II irU.r («1 !••; iNi. 1 »"i, (si. ^. .lr«iril>.-.l l»J I'.iiiil l!ruhi-l'». M:. .".!'< I'..ml Mil. li.Mi. lift. I .1. ir>. 117, i^i. I.W »lai>j;flN»'t.« i.K'k in'iir. M.V H)i|M-:triili< V liiHM iitV-'ihiirr. 11 1. Kt'iiKrttphu-.il p<>.>ilii>ii IM lllA,;ni-11l' VArliltluli 1 < I )>riinii): ami illKlari. I' li> '^H'!'i'>' IVkk. 111. ilorp *i'i\ Huiin'Iim:'* "'1^. ' 1 1. II''. Iiili.t It.iU ■> llra.|..'l.'. .'II P..1.1I, r.ii-h.\r7 V.«l. v.. PuMit 'ni.rlli.. ::.• .'^i.>-- .'M.. ::<7, i. il,-», nU.I .'V. % iUft>ti> tirrir. Jvl deptli of water otT. '.i-tf^ gtHt^rM|thu-ai po-ilion, '.S'l. muit"'?tio \iirmll"ii .'Vi triMi'l off.'-iitl hiH* truni. i-i.^ Point.' allKinoiKli Vni Point I'limi-lirU, l**.*. Po ,t C.r l.vcli..i!.'JI,'.»".,'J7,<«. Pc.inl I iinufi lis. .)iin;iT»olT. 1 Vt Pi nt < "irr ^l^ Point t'.irriiiKton. '^iit. In Kov\ I^iHhtl. <' >> *J1. M. Point inr(-r V.7 Point, <'ii«i«r. •><.%. iHg Point i',*»llll», "^Mit.* ttirt»«r:i t'tniiinel. .'i'.t, fij. Point.' «t!iliiin.-t. f'l IV. !••! Polhl'iitlUv V>l. Point ' iimllo. ir.'. l»l. K",. Jlf,. KS. ,1..., ril«-.l. I7'J h*>niln>: Hii'l •tmUiUitv ffoin l.linr Point, IT'.). Iitiiihl. Ii*! nirftit' ofT. I*'. Point I iivirn. H«iitii ' rnt l-lnnil. 'i.'. v;, 17. p. .till ' i»\*Tt. Sint* ' rit/ NlAii'l HI Point I li >i"ii'l -vtiitit itoH.i Ulniiil. fl, 'jn,'Jl.9J. ,l,.-.ril»'.l ',"" Point. " li.iry.'.TI I'oiiit. I li.tko .ml.Sfii. P t li.lno.k 4V.I. va I'oiiit, t lulliiin. Sll. Ml. .VIS. Point. flitT |i- 1, M v., .Vi. S7 I'-. 6.1. I.l. li'> li", «■'.' 7U, -.I. I'm. 1">. II.-. ni in. 11", 17". il,-~ rii«ir. '"'''. IikIii l.oiix- ili-i>. ril»iinlii U."<.i Inlali.l. r. '.'JI.'K. I'oint I'riHik. '.M. •.>■'•. 'k'., '.'V IVInt. I'rook'ii. ;!<■/.. 11.7. Point ( yi'r..<«. Ifl. i IJ. If). I It'.. I W. 11". K''ourH|)hirit1 |H)«ltioli I'i". iwiirii.tf ttii.l iliHtuntv to I'oint .Siir. I."W. P.'il-l I'ino^. IIH I'oliit .\oo MnV'i foiculnnal. I.K Poml. l>Hl>'<.. '.17. I'M. I'oint linitrt. -t'J. PoinI IM-nAm'' . foinniriucliieiit Hay, ''.ll'., '.!", IJi'l. .I<'|.lli ..f u:(t< I i.ir. lllJ It il^;o ..It! fl.»in. 61'.'. .'■tn-nu '.Jl, Point iiilitH.lti .".ID, -•»» H)i. mi. nn. .uri, :!'i", jn. .iin. ,iib, .iji, i|.mrilM-.l. ill. l.('ikri"K .itt.l tli^tiiilt-cfroin Point .\roiiii l;i;1it'lioiim\ .till. Point tforda, .mi. Uii'lf»il>.. mi, Innilmnrk". 'till 'liinit'T^.iir. »il, I'AUtlon l«i yrnaeln coining from 11h» n.irthw»'"t\viiir.' i"t ..«oiiilioa»twurl. Point IViikkW. iViI. Pnli.l li4>^ itiiH... K'*''lcrttttIiloul txMiiti.i'i IJ. Point in.il.l.. 171 171. 171. IV". im l"l.iii.| liKlit, 17", I'l.-Hl.llo •"lt...ll l.il.iy 17K, rl.'i'ltt. Imlit ."I r<'li-i;ra|'ll Hill. 17". Point I Mnl'lo. Sunlit triir Nl.in.l "1 "7. Piili.l lltiil.I.i .11" lo.nii;. , "^ititlii rrtiz Isl.iliil "7. Point lllHiM'y I'uii'il 'l»* lliiro.M". i'oint. ILilll'inyr n.'iJ'.fi'^. Point. l>ol|. lint. i.n, '.11. IIS. P..iiil lionl.l.- 1'.' I'.<.l. .•>« VJft, Point l^.uKlily.Oriuii IkIuii'I. ViH, Point iniiiuv ."' t-\ Ki 47, lll,4'J.V.,»3. .U-iurilK'l I'I »;.M>^;riiplii.iil (Miiiition, I'.* Li'iirioi:. tiii'l .li-l»ii"'"fr..in.i'J. iiiitKi"-ti.' yarirttioit, I'' il.iiin'lii'K" oIT. ''". p..iitt Imil'iiry, I'jn. I'Jl. I'j2, 31B. P.. ml, l>yk■•,n•.^', Point l.ii»t n«i '"'1 P,.lnl, l.ii.t r<«iita Uo»il Ulaii'l.'tO.'Jtl'Jl.M KM. .liini;' r.'il I'oitil l..liiiiiii'l."(l P I 1 .iilli,:'li Jll..:i'' Point l.il.r l'..ln"il.l.l ItiyiT IVl. I"l f.'.; Wl l«-arliit( tii'.l 'l'"!"!!.^ froi i fort si,.>cnN, lli .\"tori» Mil iinnit.*" lor i"> p t i:iiiot.v,''j.'Vii. Point 1 l.l.irr.t 111' iM I^J, l-Vt I'oint l.i.t.-r.H.. ll^ H'.' I'Ji rr>. l:" iHKrliiK iiii'l .ll-ti>niv from Point Rmlion, I.'" to Point \ru'l.-ll.., 1-11, l«t Pipilnui lllilli'-iin ilKlit Ih'II"*'. 1311. ll.-lKliI l-ll Kpl'tuliiii'"' from w. "twunl. 120. (..iiilliiaHt I'.''! north Wfitt IJI. ■ f| li^"' INDEX. G97 il'iilnl ConliUui. VJ.ftJ. , WJ. fli't-p xviilt-r cliwc umlcT, 120. roiiii, KviiiiH.f.r.i I'wiiil l-nlHi-, lfl.2H.1l. I'.iinI !■'. rnii-:.'.".l. :». :ll,:!lV:17, IS, W, 10. l:i. II, r>. I'dIiiI l-Vrmin liclulioiiw. l'.i,:is,:i'.i. in, l.'i. Vi.',T,,77,S'2, S,1. ilf^.-rilicil, IJ, 4,!, rii'liiiH tif \ t^ihility, i:i. iK*iiniin.« (iM>I , I7rt. ITS, l*i, Isl. Kl, [yC,, If,!, '.iOT, '.'i:), 211,2ri, ?lf,, ■:\'7. -I't. ■J.'o. -".'I, ^^7. '."JS. Ki»rl Kn'«, 252. K.iwil, ■I'.w. I'olnl Krinii-<<», KiiKiirlo Sir.ilt, .Vii, ri7I nmrkcil h.v ;v Itiloy, 571. Iniliaii natni* Cor. *> 2. Point Km/or ... Sunlu iolni»iilt ItlyiT, I'JI. I'olliHirfnvilli'l'iiv.', I'.«i. itni'lKiniKi' in K"""l wiiiillinr. 4'.iO, mitt'. I'.lo. ilelitll of wtllrr, 4'fl. rnikH in-ur Mluirr, t'to, I'liinl liri'y. '>7*.l, WJ. .'iHI roint (ioiiarruM tlliillitMl I'liint . 27. I'liint lli>nn .11, llnii'l™ l Hnal,iMl, liiMriin;nnil ili«l,inii' t.i I'lllii I'l.lrit.lVll, Point ll!lii«..II tinivs lliirlml, IHO. Wl. I*!, 4S5, «•*<). il, INI KiHiKrilliliiffil piiHitiim, lij. nnt^ni'tii' vuriwtiiili. \, 'J«, |niHtttiil). '.'1, Piiiiit, lliiwKK. I7i"i, 177, 1- Illl/I'l, l-ll. Piiint Ml y.T, r,l5. P.iiiit H.inir«huo. -fi2. 2'Vl point IIikIi Tillil'V ^Hn t"l nti» Nliltlil, 7'l. i'oint IIuiImiiii. I'iirt 'rnwnHi'lnl.,V.IO ■li'lilli iif «iit'i2, lU, 4lrl. Point, .loluwon'-H, tV25. I'oMll, Killll, ,v.il. Ponit, Kinilirli..' I!7, 4;t9. PiiHit, Kn.ix, 1-1, I'l.int, KoitlMli..'>2I,522. P lint, Kiilo Kiilii, 5'1'J, I'oinl. Kwoinui-, ''75, 577. I'liiot. Kyililku, 52:l. Point I.iii;iiim,'iO 5I,.52,'<5. Point I,«tfnnu. it'i, ■•>:>. 2',M,'2'>2. Point of l.iirKi- l'ilililiHilliilln«t Point), IT. Point 1.1.1 I'iljii, Santu Itiirtitira t'liuiini'l, ilcscribed. 58. Kio^niiihlral piisitiiin,5H, iM'ariiiK itnil ilistann'- fi'iini,5'<. Point LaiiK-n, ■2',i, :r>, ,'lii, ;i7, 'l'<, it. I'oint l.awreni'i', -^n'-ii, ■5(i7. Point, I.iMulliftli-r, liW. Ii'.'.i, 172, 171, 171, 175, 177, H'. Point, l,inic, 171, 172, 17\ 21 1, 2|-i, 2l'i, 217. 21-. 22o. 225,227. Point. I.iltlii ,lai'kii-M.2',i.S. Point l,oli.i-,ir.H. r.o. 171. 172 I75 2»'., '207,'20',i, 2I7,2H. 21-i,2.1l, Hiiiithirn liiMil of thi-i-ntni to San l"r;ini i-io Hay, 172 lii'iirin;; :iii'l ilislanii' fr.ini Point lloia-llk, 172. ili'Hrrililion, 172. lifi'-iiviiiK Bt:ilion. 172. foi; Irninpfl .lisriinlinncil. 172 oiiliTteii'k'r"|ill -lalion. 172 lii'ttrinu unJ .lialaiui' to Mo, , lam Point fok'-wnistle. 171. I'.iiir. San Pfilni, 17!, ,s i;, I'aralioii HkIiI, 171. wliisllini,' I'liov iinl-nli' till- liar, m-iiU' tlic liar, niiil-ilianni'l liuoy, 17:t. I'.iiui Hoiii-talinlit. 17:1. Mill' lioiki, I7;i, I. inn' I'oinl fon-xyliislli'. 171. Is. 20. 22.21, 21'., 27.2- 2'.i. I'l, '"W. ■227. ,173. 173. oinl l,om;\. 11,12 nil,!' ilrmrllil'il. 111 liuhl li.in-i'. I 1,11, 111. 1 ili.HiTihi'.l, I'.'. '20 railiiisof V i-iliilliy. l'.'. k-eiiwtr.ipliii'al posili-in t'l. l',>.'2n,21, '22,21,21, ^'.l,;!!, «, 15,71, 74, SO. I '.I. nm.;tii-li'' \!irialioM al. HV la'arinu** ami ili-lanrf from. P.*. Iilililin liy fou., l',i. Point l.iipi-/, 110,1 12. Poilil Lot Pltin, Simla ll,irliara ( 'lialilltil. 53, Point. 1 iiw,525 I'oinl l,i>\yi-ll.i'ainaiio l-laii.l,il'io. ili'fli/valiT lilt, 1.00. Ponil, 1,111111111 51'.-. Piniit.I.vliMV2:l. I'oint, Mai;a/.iin'. '-H, p.. In! •vial I'a-o. lol. I'oinl MiihiKii, I-. P. \l ,, *1 V)7. 5'.«i, .5',e, 5o:i, 59« .597. 632. Marriivv-lo \li':olow, '■"•'t Mi'ilano-, I'.iNi' Hay. lU'HiTila'il, 2S. Mi'^ani - I'olnl Mrilanos'. 21. Mrvi.an. 12, l:i II. k.,ok'ra|.liiial po-ilion. i:l, Poliili.Mi'lilli'. ■'«''^' ■■'■'■ P.'inl Point Point Point ' i ' !< >. : > i 698 INDKX. i'i ■ill v4 ■? rUmA ' . ' U; l>oliii. >fiil.llr San Clrini'iili' Mniiil. '2. >CI, IM. ilemTitH'tl, 73. I'oliil, Mi.l.lU- .\». r.iilil. Mi.lwny, :!n, INilnl MIk-Ny. I.llilillll InUllil, Vi9, TiTI. I'lhiI Millor. iHM, roini MininiDiiU-. n7. l.'«s livartiiK mill ilistuiic^' fiiini I'lt^tNiii !*iiinl.r»7. I'itUr ri>ii)l, \^'. .li'l'Hi of nntor nlV. 1.^7 rliariu-t»'r t«f tm1l» in, r>7. roliit MiHcrv. MtuM!'-* I'lUml 'Vtl, »Vl'i. t;('«i)(ra|)lll>'Hl pili>iil, G31. Point M..I il.'.ir.'.MS I'oinI Miinrm.mil .ilniiil ,.rt mH liiHrkvl I V II 1. 11. ly. (ill liriiriiiii uinl ili»tHiiiv 111 I'.Miil .lrllVr''iiii.ivi|. Wi-t I'Mint linlil-lii)ii»o.i>i'l. Ii>:lit.i'i| I'oiiil M.iiitrtr.i. IV.. I."i7. l^H. irm. liv.i, 17!. r.i7. Jm. .II'i.^lo, r.!!. IMV I'lil 't M..iil«ni foK «lil»lle.l.W, 171. Ton t. MiMMly.r.JA Poll I Miim'n,:r..M. •'..'. M.%7. lriiriiik.1 titnl iliftlHiiit'H froiti, VJ, m tiniliii^H iitT. '«) riiini liiwull ilii .■■niiil. N illCl-. I'niil S'pv. '•*■ l^-- known ii-* \N ..i:-;» ^; • • uiilini;, I '>J. Poliil N.I I'liiw. >'l. .li^tiiii.'i. fniiii I'uiiil 1>i')^Aiiil.erv.itory, ri.v. 5.*7. I'oint ttU'lr.'VIl Poliil 1 ir. litirii. ItirliH PikM^at;!' f'l- Point "Itirr MJ Point Dwell, M.l M'l. Point l'»rlriilKi..l UUli.l \H, 'i^ M'l, ■.^■^..'>■^•J, V.I11, .VJl, fir*ltloll. VL.«. buoy oir MX ln«lril. I loll" f.iT piiM*tiiK '» t«i. Iiednnic itii'i ili^litiuf to '-niilli » Inlmiil ll|{ht-tioiinr Vt^. Point W'llMin litflit-lioii"*-, VW .\iliiiir»lty HfHil lit;lit-tioui)f VY^i IIMIKilMt. Point Piitrnk" 37 Poilil Pi-.tt:rilHli-". iH'urint; an.! lil.l.lcn .|ttni:i-r.i. In.! I'oli.t Pr.lrn.'t". "', *.'. II '.*•» Point Pi>lit«n (loli-lA P.iiiit .M.fk't. l-olTit.P»lly N«l p.. 11. 1 I'l'iiinaiiln Wi. 1^1. Pulni Pciiuir. i-rj. :;«u, 211. I*uilit Pi'ii.iU' t'onliniM'il. lllloy.Jf.l. Hitinition. J:^i lifiirintt ililil iliHtinici' to ^l!l^l' Nlitn.l liL;llt-lioill«(*, 2.19. I'.ii-it llrolln'r Ilk-Ill lniii40,'J.I'J. Point lV.».iiili'rii, IK, III, IVi. Point Prtrr, t oho" Piinwiici'. I"'!"*. Point. l'riolIVr'« 1 r.' I 11 Point of P «. J17 Point Pii'.ltitH lllitn.-A". I,!!. lUl. I II. I:W. liy.lrourii|iliv. r.'iV ilHll»;rrr« oir. I'.'7. vvhintlniK liiloy. I'J7, iiiirlioraicf". I'J.H, iiiiiiKiTu oir, rjM. nirri'iiia. !> ^iit.at liiir niirlli. 121. Iiiiiil full, Ui Point. Pimon. IM, IVi Pn, JIS, .'21, 212,:Wh, Point Pilliii, rx,, \r>: lli',1, .'17 Point PilliirV.'l. •..•(,■.>.. VII. MV Point. Pilliir llnik. Il'.l, !.'>.%. ISI. Point. Pilot. V«V I'.ilnt Piiiir. i.l'i. P.iint Pil.li.r. (.Ik Point Pin.w I-'.'. l.'.->, I! I. I 11, nil. 141. II.'. 141. 14.%. 170. 203. Iii'iijlil nil. pliyHinil rliarurtiTiHtii-H. Iln, liyilrourii|.Uy . 111. liKliI li.'iiH.' Ill IP*. r«i, I'i2, Pil. IVI, lf)H. Iiriulil. III. iir. .if vl.iliility. I II l£i*oi;rii|ihiri\l |)o-ition. Ill iH'itriiitf uii.l Uist.iiii I' I'l Til. mill of Siilinii" IMvrr. I It, I'Hiiiro l.un.linu. III. Siinta ('I'll/ llulil liiiiiMi', 111. Point \iio Vin-vo, III. PiK'oii I'oinI IIkIiI'Iioihi-, 111 ■^iillliriiM i''itral|.>nllKlit-li..iisi .III. wIil»tlii:K lnii.\ . )H-ariii^« from. III. lo|HiKi"a|iliU'.il '*lii'rl of. III. iniiuni'tn- xanalion. 111. liiHiMn'tiiini to \i»HHi'U, I II, P. mil I'l.'iiaalit IikIiI >'>'.' K4'..hir:i|ilii. al lio'^ltioii. I'lO-'. Point I'ullH'll |l.iiiiaii''> ll.iy ''l>iii"on,'*in. l>..l|iliiii l'..liit.iin. l:. ■•I..>al'..n I'oint.fiH. ll.llllT.V I' 1,1.1 I Point Piiri«inia I'l^' hH Im. Iii'iinni; aii.l , JI'.',■.'^^,22I.•2.'^.2■TJ 217. 211 2 I'l Jll . ■Si»\, 27". 272. il.'m'nl.i'.l I'rt .llrpfliiin, I'.rt. Iiilk'it, "'*. ri I f. I'Xi IlKlit Immti'. 171 I'll, l'"',, 2l>i, Jn|, .M-i :','\:i..,i.'»l,a2. iIsM rllx'il I'x. ar. of \ iillillltv of IIkIiI. I'M Kt'OKrit|.lil. Jit )ioillliill, IVn. iiiMifnatk vHrlHlloh, IWl, iim *v, INDKX. 699 w,2.19. Ivcr 111. IIH.'. HI. Ill lion-f. Ill llj;lil-lli.il.li'.UI. r.l, '."fl, r.M."'.'l-. ... OK, iW. Point Ui-yrN I'linlirMMMl. iM'iiriiiK iiiul diHtaiHi' III Ittixliiiry Hi-rf, III?. riiiiit lliint'tn liKlit-liDUHC. r.C. SuiUliriisl I'*firiilliin lif;lil- hf>iiHO. l'.<7. Ni>- Itonk. r.iT. lliiili'Kii Mi'iiil I'I7. I'nillt VriMiu lUhl linlisi', I'.IT. foK-niiriml. 197. ill ..irllMMl, 197. ciirriMit oir. 197. Hlmri'-liui' 111 I'liint Tomiilctt, 2H. rmiil Ki-yiH lliml, li'iC. I'liliil UuliniiiMil. I',«". I'l.iril Kiniuli/J'> I'liliit Uiiiriiii, Saiitn lliirliiini ( 'I)uiiiH'I..V't. ili'Hirilii'il.r.x. Toinl U iluTU, (liiirufUiMirifiii, 'i7 1, .')7^, ri77. 5M2. Ki'our;i|itiU'jkl iKisltiiih iir Hlillioll!! Oil, .^77, &7H. n|i|ii')irHi)i'i' ill II iliil.tluH'. .'177. I.ilylll. '.77 liuuriii^ imO lU^LulK-o lu Itirrli rniiit, fi74. I'liiiil \\ liili'hiirii. .'>78. Allien Iliiiik.ri71. Ai'livi- l'iiH«i lijiht liouHO, .'i7H. I'"plran.- ■ lihllrl liKlltlnniHi', r»7S. (iaiirinlii Ui'i'f. '.TS. l'"ras»'r UivtT liglit-huiiso, 578. Hiirliom^i*. ^7S. Blinrr 1iiii> til lllr nurlhwunl, r)7'<. iIiwiiviTV iif. .'i7'.t I*oiht ICiiliiiiHiin iil.%. 017. ili's.rlliril, I'lLI. Hliiiro Hni-, I'llR. ani'IiiirUKi'. 'il^. frmli waUT, nl.") i1p)i11i u? uiilir iiir fiiri fnK-HiKM ll.fil". I'll I. I'll I. I'll^ Ki'iiuralilili-til |ii»iiliiiii. iiir». liwiriiit; iiu.l iliilam r In 1 '.•Miliiii Pnint. BI.V hilliiy I'oiiil, I'll.'i. l-iiml I'lilly I'll.*). I'liirll Itrowii, til.'i. I'liliit I'mrr. lilTi. MkIiI. V.N. iVM.l-iir.. roiiil K.ivky. nil. lirj. Iiu, I'll I'.rJ. ■.-.'h. 117. 11 1. :11'J, :1S8, .'il'i, .'iJfi.riiM. I'oHil lliirky, Sunt;* Monu-a lliiy, t'i. 17. »i7. lIl'-MTllit'll III I'liliil liiiiii'll. I'.IM. rmiil, Sa.lilli', 277. I'liliit. Sail Kiii'k. 119. I'oiiit. >l. Oi'orrf.v 111, Ml, 119. UJ. :!I7, IIS, .n; I . .HI I . liW. iNl. ■ liar;i»'ll-liiiii>i>. .'UiV lmiilfall..W, riuw»l iiortli of. 'fC Toiiit -ial. Iirt, li»'.. 1117,112. iiaiiii'il liy Vaiiionvir. In^ iM^arin^; ami ili'4liini'i- tunr IViilit VrvJtieito, lift. ^tMii-ral ili-H.Tl|itiiin. Ini anrlioraKi'. |iii<«itliiii nl lir-tt, IIK'> alinri' liiii'. liifi UniliiiKK. iK'i. loi lli'l'li ..-.i^iilMlilinKK nil, ll»'i. Iiiitliiiri' iiyilriii;ra|ilty, lo*i. ){«iit>ral Iri'nil of tin- roii.i«t line, 1116. I'niiil Suhniunliolila I'lilnl. (^1. roiiil. Salnioii. 279 I'oliil Maliliniy. IvL'.iVlt. rolnl. Sail, J.'K. 21.1 21.2 I'l.inl s,.in itni-navi'tiuira. Santa llarliara ( •liaiim'l..')2. '»7. %.*.^9. I'liiiil San .Itiaii 1 iiiilHtraii.i, 29. 11, 12 .11 .11 ;•• II I'.. ml, San ,lii«i-. ITI, I'l.llitSin l.uH, 107. |iM. ,11,11 I. Ill, 12'i liiMkritiK Aii'l ilNiani-r front I'olut .Vrtfurllo. Iii7. il..<. riplioii 1117. Polnl San Mat 29. II. 12, tl. t;.'i.i;ralililial iiiiMilion. .11, I'ooit San I'al.l.. 217. 23M. 211. IN.inI San I'al.Io ( 'i.iillnni-il. Iiiliiy ti. II ml nf, 2.i'.. ili'litll i.f aalir ni-ar,2W. laiarinu ami ilislai|.-i' t.iI-jtHl IlrntluT IIkIiI, 23A. I'nlnlSan I'r.l •. Ii'ill. If.l, |1W. 1119, 172, 171,217,22I,2:17,2.'W,239,241,»12. ili-«-nli,.il, nv.i, iii'iij^raiiliiial iiiiMilinii. 1119. lii'iiriiiK and ilinlaiirr to Point Mnotara fni^.whifitle, Ifi9. .SonlliiMSI Karalli.n linht. 1119 wlii-.tliiiK liiii..\- nil" Sun l-'riiiicisco liar, ir.9, I'nillt lluiii'tii li|{lit-liouse, 169. roasl to Point l.oIiOH, I'oiiil San I'rilni. Santa (rnz l^lunil, K4,««. I'olnlSan ({iiinlin. 2:17, '2.1'. Point, San Siinion, 121, IS), 12C, Pi.inl, Sanil. ,18, Vj, r.2, iIi'sitIIiimI, .'.m. Point, .SamUli.ni'. I.M. |:|i.i. Pi.inl, Samly Sanla Kn^a lalanil. V.l, 90, 91, 92, 9:1, 99. m'n^;ra|iliii'al irisilii.n. '..I. I'lilnt Sanily. 17^, .'..'.,•, .'17 1.. '.99. 1'JOi'iO'. Piiint SiL.ila Uarl.ara. Santa Itarl.uru rliunni-1, fj^, till, 01, G2. Point .Santa (riiA. I 111. Kil, l.'ia. Point Sauii'lito Point. I>:i. Point Saui|in-1. 1 l.'i, 1 Hi, lis. l'..,!'! SiM.Mlal, Sanla I'm/. MamI, >'7,««. Pnint .• uMy'H.:i:;7, Point, Si'al !l,irl...r. Sun fk-nuntc l-.Iunii, 7;i. Point. S.kiiw. '.21. l'..inl, Slioll, l:l\ i:i9. Point, SInirlinKlnini, r>39,.'>tl,.5l.''>. Poinl.H. Slinalwater, 177. Point SiiTia Ni'Vaila. 12.'>, l'2tl, 1-io. Iiiaiini; ami ilislani.f I'riini Point Pii'ilra.t llluncua, 125. »li> iianii-.l. I'2.-.. rliarai'tiM of lira. Ii nortlivyanl, IJ.'). il,iiit;rri.ns ri-i'f, I2.'», h.Mlroiiraiiliy nf. I2ii Point. Simmons , 21 1, 2li''. I'nlnl.SiitiT's, r..li'.. Point, Skill, i''. lils. , I, pill nl wali'i oil lil.S, am llniau*". ''1^- riirrrnl.1 lils. Poiiil. SU'Wiirl's, 21.2. Pi.inl. .StillHi-ll,2sl. I'nint, Stony, ITS, Ponil. smart, l^i. Isl. Point l.a Sinr. 19, Point s„r. Ml, I'J'. 1 »', 1 II. 1:12,1:1:1.1:11,1 iS, 111,1.%-), ilaiit;i'rs Moiitli, 1:11- f.iiil Kioiinil, 11:1. nlinal . Ki'otrapllli-.il l.osltioii, ll'i. m.mnilii' variation. 11-".. I>.'ariiii;iniil'listi>"i'«l" l'""'> 'rsl"''!!"- l''''- Point lliii linn, \'-'<. Pi,-,lra'« llhiiii as liKlit-llolui>, 13S. i'api- Sail Marlm. 1 »■'.. Point rypri'SH, |:l.'i. Polnl \no Nni'vo foir lit,'"*'. '35. PiK'i.nn Point liKlil-linusL', l». I.iinitmarkii. l.l.'i. ■J 1^ I I J iim \ u . mm I ill (00 Puint Snr < nnlimuMl. liKtil-lioii**!' 111. I i-'< cuAft tt» I'oitil iMiKu*. IW, |:c. I'..ii.t. raii-v H-i. It.I I Nil 111. Trrniiiiinii»ii.i*t>. (ill. INDKX. iinl r. rriiif. t r» I'.. nit rii.>iii|'->.'n.Onii'« Nlnml. Vv-^. IN. Hit riinr Tre.v IM. IfVI. I'l.tiil FitMin.n IM IN.inl TimlHT. 1 W. IW IN.Mil.Tokivirrs. IT.-,. 177 I'tmil.Ti'IfrtU. .'*'?, Pun. I rotiuih- P.'.' :•»-* iV* -M'.t 2S2.2M. PninI To ir,'. l.%\ I'lJ l». -'», \^i Point rrchlr. \iHU*rH«iti iHlmitl. d^'i. Piunt T-kiiNko, »v;> i-lrit r rrft'rrii*-*' to kelp. I'». U'ltriiiKf* iiii\ P.Mnl, \V. IN <-ii • li«taii«-<* from Ivlmuiiil Point, tT*^l .|r«.riU.I Mvl >lt|.lii.»r ««t«r 'VV(. Point \\ »*?*i. v.'*. fHif'.. point \Vi»t, >Hnl)i i iilnlintt Uinnil 77 I'oint Wi'M Santii t'ru/ Ui»ii«n7I. doj*" nU' i- frotn U»tt< ry Point. MJ. ,|rmnU-.t. 1. 1 J. th of w.il»r otr. t.l.V point. W illmtn* , T**'* Point. \Vi:»lturc-liiii ftttiii I'ort liimoM ry
  • tli of wuli r oti \Uk ciirnMit". Vt»t. NAlllllif itim^-IUMIW, ^Cl- liw'lit-lnni'w Ml.^HM*V.VW.%r-'ilvV.| VS2.5.M,VJ0,59I..Vj;t.V>l ,l,.Mr l--.l.'»tiV • IinrH>ionition '»t7 M)..k'nitlt \iiri(ili>.n 'i ;7 iM-aruiK '»nl«ii»« to li-x ky Point buoy M7 Ni « I Mintf'MM HS ilKlll'holKM-. Tt'C .Car. Nl in».-.(Vfry (-tmnl Ittftil-houm' 'iTT. Hinilir* l<«tMiiil ..k'-! h 'IM*'. M7. AtlinirHlt\ lli--ii>l IikUi lio im- \C. K nIiohI "tnt initkiiiK <''V ''fT, f"*t **K* •»' ■**'•" oiiilin^ •liroi'tioiifi, \f7. i*oint, \\ uiK Mrt.i.iK point. VriMnalt.fld'/ Point, Yew. tH!. I'oint. Vokniii. :i»l. Polni. ^ ..niiK •*. f'i'Mftl. I'oinl. /nniKil. \'.1\, tlc». rilMMl. 17. Polr Pii.H-«, OrciiB iNliinil.VC Piilt.r (•i^nalft. linrlHir of San Pritncisci), 517 l'..liit'II Point. fV I p4ini*y Point. Ki>om |l«y. :ft*i Ponia •)(' la |,on a P.tint I l*ori iiiiiinlii Kivrr il.oj* AnK*')**" Kivcr'. II. Port Vni;i'IiM M:i_ rt27 I Ml/ ll.iok li«lil h..ii«.« oil. M7. ti.U'H. ■»_•> .li<«. .>\i-i*, S^iM. Nhort'-lttM' from. "O.*. I'ttit Itlakrly. V.iH. (in*., cin Miiiiiiiion, 'itii niioat KC'-niMl in, <'>1(> k< t|>. '-.to Hm-horaKi'. *tlo. wliarvrr., C.lii. KroK^raiOii.-a) |Htii||on. filO ■lui^nrlit .anatinn, (>1(), Port t'ar.tlina. r>. P.irl fosUi. I7i. Port 1 ii!M>..vory . M.t. vrj. Ml. vn;. vr, ^*.^. .Vi;i. (VW, ■ I -tMu.i' from Prolf. iion Uliuitl vil. «!iorf-Hi(r. .VII. .IrMTilM'.l. "Vtl. ilt'pth of »at( r.MI. ciiinnifii-)- and Iralllr, \i\ tl.lcn. VCt. iliik-ovi, fi.n). ft.'!!, ivrj. ttiiiTiil ilcinriplioti. (VtJ. i|i'l»lli of wiitor, (i.t_'. fMiiluiK •lirct tioiiN furintt rtiiK. '"f-. %\ tn.lN tkij. niM-horMui*. fhU, ntion-hitf 'VCI. n.iin. •« for, tVCI. roatl-4 tlMMMT, fv'El. Port < ianlntT. 'wis.. VW, 60 1. nilniili.tn, Viy. ilrptli uf w.»t«r In, '>W. Port llarfor.l. II>i. Ill tMHriuK Aixl •liHlMiiif from WlialiT liilunil, I to. Hi/»v I In. Port Krn>on, Zll l>orl l-it Italluna. Santa Monica Itay. ih' <>.'.> il('|)tli .if walrr. <..".» (lanKi-ri In tin- M|i|.roa.-ti('fi. CiJ'J. Kt'*>u:ra|>tiuiil (MMition. fc-d. Ihir**. i..il. Port Mu.li^oii, >*•*, liiit. i4r..(fctt. Nl/C, Iritl. r>hon-hnt-, UK. il<>|itli of walt-r. Uil. thi.fl. i«H Kt'oural>lili al |Mmi(toii CHlTt. inaKni'lli' vjiriatnoi, tHIFi. port Ma.liHoii i.iwtn. UM. poputatiiHi. uti. Port .M.mmIv. MiirrurtI InU-l. Vm. %<{. P.>rt itrrhartl Vf '>.|,»i<*'i i.m .liAtaniii from ltninl>riilK< lilan.l.OiA inxtrmiionii tor rnlfrini;. (Krt Port orf.inl !V> ;i»;t, ti>.:i:.'..n (, CI laii'lniiirk* f.ir a|i|iroitctiint{ ^'t1lNl-lH, 171, in«lrii.'tioi)>« f<.r a|i|ifou. Iiihk \t*ii>*i-In. .'171. Ul.'tnolV CI Ijoo.l unnnnt r roA. npproKt lm(>lf in wlnt4rin fuvumblv wealher, 87B, INDKX. 701 Port *)rfor19. VW.SIO. Hittllltll'll, 'vtii. nH'k-* iii'iir. .Mft. rivi'rat till' lii-iiil iif. Mil. ileptli iif vviitcr.Mii. •HlliiiK iliri-i'tioti-4, '>tl. clirrciil.i. 'ill C'Oiwl lint* rHwtwiiril from, •'»ll. Port Hu-am :>*<, i. i Port Towiwi-oil. 'iHS, 'iS'i. V«l..',iir.. (VU. Ki'tirrul ilriiiTlplioll. 'I'lO. Hliori'-lini', .V.io, ■HiMiii; iliri-i-lion» for rnliTiui;. ''■"■ Imiik ill iiiiiri'liuiiiii'l, .'I'.i'.'. ilrptli of watei mi. 'I'.i'J < ttiirt iiui'lit. .1. Port Towiiwii.l (villnKf. ri'."i, Will. HltUltlioil. .^'.'.1. ■i/o, .v.tl. Port WnriUll. r>il. Port,?*iKiiul. ■-(t7, Porl-wiirilriiKof San I'rani i»i'". iliity of, iV4'i PortiiKC lliail, Point of An Inn, "ill. .(.'..rilicil. .Ml. ilanK'T-*. Ml. Porlula. < iil!<|i«r. fll.'il, ■.•'•. 'n, M 0'*. 1 IS, JIT PortiTo Point. I7J. IIS. Ptirllir I'li.HH. 'iSJ, r.si. .'.S.-I lUntai from Ailivi' I'lW, r,<,. tiflitli of watir, av> onrrpiits. .^s,^. Hunki'n rock", ■'is.'). iK-HrlllK anil ilislann' to Ai tivr Pass liijlit llou•o,.^s.^. N.irtli S.oi.l lii'iiil ris.'S Point Atliinson litlit-lioii.sc, 'is.'i. lialiriola It.ifs •.-■. Porllanil. chart aKi-nl. '1 PortuKni-nn Hpml, .San I'l'ilro ClianiHl, amlioriiKi' m, I'l. Pom* imrlloraj;*', ss, '.I'J Pos.si'H-ion Point. -VC ili'iMTi|itliin. .'>'.'7. ahori- liiii- V.w. ro, k oil, .V.«. Po»*.«Hion SoiMlil. .'.S7,.V.K-,.-.<.l7,.VJH. roiirsi" lip. .V.W yeni'ral ili'si'ription. "I'.IS. ilcptii of wator. ^iW Hlioir-line. .Vi*,i. m> known ilaiiKiTs in, Vl*i Pot Valli'y. "anlat'atallna Islanil. 7H. Prall'iCllIT, fapB Kliialnlll, I'JI. Prifa.c. '." Pri'siil.nt I'olnl. mil. Pri'siilio Point, IHll. lM-arin((anil ilislann- from I'ort I'olnt, 1*1. wlmrf. ISO, .iirri-iils, ISO Khoir lini proli'i'liMl liy wlnirvi-s. Isil Prr.i.lloSlioal, Is-,, |s7, .'1 1, 'Jlr.,'JI7 Jls, '.-27. JJs. Nilnalioii, W, la-arlni! ami illrcillon from Alialra/ MhimI. ISO Arrli ItoiU, IV,. laioy. ISIV l.furiiiu ami ill-lalnc from IN.rl P..iiit lii:lit-lioii,.i', Isil Anila Ko. k. I-" Aliulla/. l-lamlhKlil-llollBO, isil. Pri'Slon lslall•l.^■■l. pr«iititr)iiKaml ilislanri> from Point SI. fioorKe, 357. limit of viHiliilil>', ■■;''7. K<'oi;rapliii-al powilion. 3.'t7. iim- of tin- rrrsnmt City Pt'iikH, ,3.57. Pri'vosl Uliinil. .Vtl. Prii'lo Montr, 117 Prini'e Ulaml, :i.-.s, ;!Ui. :ii',l. HitilaU'il at nnnitli of Stnilli's Klver, 35H. hi-lu-lil. 3.-1H. size, "Vis. Ki'oKrapliiciil piiHition, .'IVJ, Prinro l«l;iiiil, Ciiylir's llarlior. 117, ',11, W. ;Vi,.,,.<., a ship. Jls. Prisomr- ll.irlior, Siiiitat rii/. UlHncl,rM,,V,i,M,*r7. ih'si riln'il.Wi, ki'lp, sii ilanKt'tH, I. Pro'^pi'i t Monnlaiii. tnl. I'roliMlion of aiil-. to navigation, laws for the, fi,^!. Proti-ition Ulan. I. .vl:l..-.:ai,.Vi:l,.-isr,. ilintami' Irom Port Discovery, S:f-'. il,.m-rilii'il..'i-'.'J. Il•arin^' ami .li-laiiin from Sew Dani-i'ni'ss liithl-hnime, S.33. Point Wil-oii IlKlll-lioiisi', .'v3. passHK*' niar, "' '■!. ili'plh of M.iti-r aromiil, 1,1,1. miiliiiK iliri'itions, -MS. hank oil', VI!. Hhoal. .VW. lilioy to mark. '^*i. inariiik' aii'l ilistamo to Niw DilliKoni-sH linlit-housc, ' ■'■•II. Proli-ilioii lilanil.MI. Clallum I'oiiit.rwU. nami-il for. VU. I'rovi'lfiK 1- * o\i-, Vam-onxt'r lslaml,'»ll, I'mhlinKtriTl,. J^'.i, Mil-. ■>■■'■ niinki'ii roi-U m.rlli .il iiioiilh of, Js'.). inarU.-il hy a hri'akvr.-.'vi. Piiorlo llm-m.il.-s lii.-noSan Dicj-o Iliiyl, jr.. Puerto il.' l.,sSarilina.- (oi viola amliorim'I.Bl. j Pinrlo .li- los lil.Ttos Saiila .Moiiiia llayl.-''!. ! Pin'rto.li' I'oilos Santos,.,., Puerto Kalso. ■.■■.'. Js. PuKi'l Souml. '.'..--HV r,|...Wl..W,Ki7,5^W,,-vS7,5Un.,m Ml, 018, 620,628, i,_"i, l[,iii.ral. iiaviKatioii. C.'n. .urriMils I'.jn Irilllf. 1^-11 towns on shori'sof, iV-'ii. pilot law..,, 'i7'.i I'lilly, Point lilJ, 111 I. 111"'. I'limplircy, W. 11.1 Piini.e Islaml. fouraphi. al poMli 'M\. ilistan.i- an. I .liriTlion from MliMlo Hock, 96, l'oiiiH'oin;fplion light, Santa llarhura lik'llt.W. Santa Crux Islaml.W, pi, 1, III il., .Vrcna. m l.,iiilai.. ,1.1a, .vs.irJ.ri, lill,:i(fi.:!i.l,:iil7.:!lll.:lll. ll7,3l8.SlU,3il. I..ariiii; ami .lislali.'P Irom P.iiiit IVIi;aila. .11)1. .shori- Inn- fr., Ill Point K.lKml". ■»" ihaiaclrr of till' is,asl.3lll. ili'plh , if water oir,:liH. lr,.n.l.,fslioi.',:iir7. liiariiiK ami .lisUim-i. from Sla'llir Covii, :II17. V I i il I* i I I I I' I.'-' r(V2 I'lititn (tonirt -<*nnlliiiir Mi'iiiliMtnit 'tl<. I'linlrt '!•■ Ii4 t «.iivpr«i, ft'i. I'tintH'lr Nt'v.' I'litnl rantillii . Vi, (■..'. rmiin .!»• iiHt .iiii. f r.r I'lliitii *rtri .!tii»n ' I h«'n.. Itii\ I'l IMirlaiinit I r. i-k I^T. I'lirl-iin I'..int \ t'uhritlo. Ml \"i*ririlo liv Vrroi*'-.!!!!!!!. I ii. Hiii I itrnMo oit II l-'rom Ii clmrl, \tv\. Itfiitinlo l>v Ti Itritkoir 1'tt. Nititn Vnr/ on thr ollii nil I'tiiiiitv iiut|t, lf "liorr linr. I'H jiplH- trnn»-»- frnm orl' <«hor«', |iit, l'i|>ulhi(. Kiv.r C.IC. I'\r;tnii! limit', t'.** Irom oiuin*. IS** lirii;hl. Vi*. iMMiriiii- no. I ili-^tRfn-f- from I'rifUT lAlnnd. Vit. V\ rrtinl'i Tovi-. Sm < liiut'nti' Itliind. 7-V 73, ^T. Pymnu.I K.kUii 7J, >I. ;-rt a|i(MMriin< «■ from lln- w»"«l-<»oiittnvt'«tt , ri**!. ill«tHn frnin whori- 1*1 )M-Ari)i^ friirn <'»im- drfortl lijilil. l"*! rocko iii»i <^iiftmniinf Uwo for thn liarl»nr nf ••nn Krnnii*r't. r.U, ijunrHhltn^ «t.ition '^nn KrHiicifM-fi. .*I7. r'';;iilnluiii«» 'JI7. (^mI•>Il)< P -int II I <• ( tkiini. r»Vi. i; oTti t Imriott*- Soiinil. .%H«t <^ifeti >>>' til'- llay. I>«i»lriirtlari Nl»in'l VJO. '#in. .I.-H. tiIm-.I. vr.i q.ii'llii Kivi'f *'.•-. iM-(irlnn lin'i "li-I»n«*th, V'- In nlrtit tiori UIhn') I'V*. (!.••* rilMMt. !.•;, ^•■oi{rii|thti-.il pimition of tnoiith !'<*'>. < tiur.M t«-r of til.- (onit lu l»««'ni> lUv Ilo^Kpn Cuiinl. ft^tl- */iiiif-rni- UiviT f;n (^nIUhMt*• Kivlfl. <)utfin< <- ffoiu Iloh lleHa. >it. iMixltnHrk- Vn. .!.-»( ri'-*-'! Vrt. 'Iiwi-ovrr^'l r^*!. ii»inrn for '^H iivj|>i< 4|ilii,Hl piiailhiii M", iiiii,:n,'li<- \-iiriitlii)ti ■>(',. l"Minn>; ilii.l .|i«liiii. ,• 1.. Slurriiitflmin I'liinl. M-, I.Ui.,.-.!, iHlantl liijIil-li.iiiw.Mi I'llLir INiiiit Mj. < "n'^t'-nl lliiy. .',|"i, l:
  • ll\ ll,'.„l lit:l,l li,,i,«-M-, l',irlM.li:i- HiinU M". Siiiilll • IhIjuiiI IiuIiI Iiiiii„|,,M\. IM«i',ivi>rv l<«liit),l liKlit-li,iiiMi',.'i|.'> l-'.uA•ulKl^^l^ , in n-nl-H, 'if,. Hutliii^ •llr«M-lt,tn'4. *»*■» Ujn'<> l!iM'k<« '«■(■,, lUi'iNH,!! Mnul 177. 17'' l""> t«i/.«', r.t*"., run Uo. w, <'ii|H' i".h/,ii,. Ill 4'o kiii.Hii n- Ar. h laliiml. •''• Uh:;^oi^h'<'*l l'"iiit, IL'7. Itilinirr, M,,iHitHlil, Mn, CiSS Hull. Ii, ItiM'.l ». |ir.', lit). ili>iiil,>l|ili. !,,» 1.. I'.ni. Itaiiiir. I »<, mil-. .ri7, VC, '••'J .Vjl , liN, (,lf,. KiiiiKt'. <>l\iii|Mi<«, %'*7. 1.^.1, •»t\. Itiuiut* Siiilii l.iii-ln 1.1). ItaiiK'- I'uuil "^Ii'ihU* tiU'r liny, IT*. I>i itring all I iliHt,uiti> frimi •^luiuUvnU'r lt( i'x. I..'.i,ll«'ll.r I'll I. i:\ li'intfrr Nti'llllll-t Ii'»l. kiitr* ,,f «lm kiiK'- fur till* jiiirt ,,f Smi I'ntiu i«i-,i. iVI.l, liiiltli',>i,ul,i' louiiil Sun I'l'ilni lluy. :<- In Kr.l iiinri, .'71 rji. isi. rji III ■■ntriiiii, I., IIiiiiiIhiI.Ii llity. rj.1 mi.' <::i. Ill'llllll 1.^1. Ki'iMTiil »|i|*i'itriini-4'. .'t'il t\im -*lHtl It* II rniiKr. -CI ni|vi*;il,ilil.\ ,,r liiilitiin l'2r> II.-.I If,,. I., 1«'. I'.ii il7, .'t'< iRi..'ll Ur.l.llnu l;.«k .11». Xi-. nil ll'i .BW. :ii«. ii|)|M-itritli(-<' 111 u itmlitiit^v ICi ll.-ii;lil, lI'l i;i-,>^rH|>liii 111 |io«lliiin. .Trj. In iirlliii ami ill^lalni l, k y I'innI, ^IV <'ri"M'i'iit rily liKhl-lii>uii«>,'1^t!l, ii.iiiiPM fi,r.-tri \ I'NHOI-I ,|(> II, ,1 !{,> tllNi'lc tif. XV.I liciliilnla. I.a Mina I'alili' Mnillilnlll '. I J. Iti'l Ill Wh.iir Nniila Miiiilia llHv, lA K. .Ill I 1 r.ik M'l nil I!. .'.I . Illaln li. Win. lii-.li'r lla\ , lirj, 4U| Ki-.'f, .\r«.liii.- V,M IWrkrlpy, 'i'fi llli>lH.■'■ Ili.lliKil J^l llnwliUr.Vil'. Chflkc.UVJ.iKVI. Cilliy.JMI. (■i«|iiillc,:l'.»V Cri-.i'iil City, lit. iliHiilur.iilii l)ii\l.iirv,JH'',.:i'.'.'JI», ill.'^l'*. 'Jl'.l.'J'il (hiliriMlii.rvvj.^l.r^^. HuillllM>ltl1.'>U>. K.-li. V,7. Ijlwmiri.Vi'i, V»l. ()rfnnl.:CI,:rrn.:Ci. l''- Wnl.iUu.Ji.l VlKllli'ill. III. Rei'Mllhl'l I iillrli. '.*(*►*>. Krfiiiil.>. l.'''.i.'''l. |{.-Knhili..n..rimiiil«niti..n Inn-. ..fill.- riiit.'il SInl.'t, iV'.l. (■iiiir"iiiiii,ii'i-'. U.'Knl„lh.n«l..i,r.-v..nl .-..Mi. yy{ ^f... ihl,ln,ill..n„l,r,IT, Ucl'l UimU. Sim .Ivnili t'lniutirl. ''V.. iliplli ..f Wiib roil. VV>. iimrkiil I'y liil"y, ■'.Vi lli-ilK lliirlHir, l.iinilni Nliuiil, ■'''■<■ lli-<,llU.-<-il.''li'. .Irplli .if ^llUTIilV, I'.ln. ki-l|i,i.lii iiii.liori>i;i' iK'iii, I'.lii. lurrt- nl.t. C.l". tl.U'H. I'l" >;i'.iirni|ililiiil lir"ii'l nl', 1»'. ni/.r .if. ■»"■■. Ii,-1kIiI. ««•■ riH kBli. tli.-iiiirlluvi-st ..f, ""1. Uli-lis l'iw.™ii{.-. I'.Tl oiilii«i.l,i"-i,'-.ll il.mrilH-.l.i.M llMliunl-.. Viiiiiniivir l'll.it.iH'-'l,''l''. Uiiliiirl->i>ii'B lliiy. !■<" UiihunNi." l!..,k.l.-..Til..-.l,''Vi'7.'''>.''" ,|,r,-.t,„ii rr..,.i iv.-sl.Ti, 1 1 .11 Mil" .Ml>,'i"'l.->'. l{t-(ltjril|illl.'ill lm«iti.ill '* . ,l|r.-.-li.ill 1.11.1 .li-luii. .■ t.i I'.Ki.t ••."."•l-l"" Iml". '■•■"•- l-.iiiit .\ ii;. 11-11.1. '.'''- hlill.in U.ifk. ■.»'>. Itl.liiimii.l. I'lili.t, I'.m. Kl.lKi.. llHl'l. ■"' lllurk. 17" <'il|..-. 111. 11,-11.1 Ir.-.-, l'.IO. Millcr-n. H'l. Himiinll.l'."'. 1N1)I'.\. 703 I , 11 Ml (111 I'rri'k, 'iH, lilhr.'ll I'.iilil. J'J-- lliiiiiiii I'liiiit Siiiiiii llurliiini <'liiiiiiu-l,'><'l. ill.... rili.x. Itllitiiii liiii k.l'.ni. UillKK.ililiiUMl, 1711. Kl, Iwi.lVl.'.tl'.l/jr.'.JII. Iiliii^riuiil.-.>.l III., ill' Sun lliiliirilii. nil. IliVir. Aliiiiiiriil. I'-^l .Ml.li.li, .•7'.i, Kl, ■J'W. ,\l-..-yii. .Wi. 111.'., MX. 110.11:1. Arr.iw. UVI. llvHt. iir.. IllK. -•S5. I liilli'iiM-. I(l.'i. rliiii.iiik. I.V.I. (•.iliiiiiliiu. Ill, li-:!,^^.^:^,:^).'?;'.!,:!*/,.^,!'!!, ••'>'. ^"7. -W.OSH. r.,iiiili«. l.'iN, l'<7, l'.i:l. (•.H|iiilli...l'iii.:K»,:i'.l«. f.iwlitz. ri^.W. 1), s rliiii.i<,iv:K. Hi, ko-L.tlili'l'ir, 'i"-' Ihit-kui.u-.. il;!.'.. IliiiiKi-ii.-'.... .*'-i. |iii«i-\\iilli|ii. I'.l-'i. Ilii\nliiii»li, iiK-.l'M. i:i-i.'.;'.iii,:rj|, wi. i;ik. i>.:i77.:ix.-.,Wi. |-.lwllll, .vjii. l-.nlliir. JIH. i'rii..iT, :--*>. •.7J. ri7:i, r,';-<, ri7'j, r.si. liiir.iil. ■J7li.'J7:l. '>■''.. Hull. 'i. Kii.iK. .W'.i l.fwiHHiiil Clurki-. Ii'i. ml. I.illl.-. J-1!. ' I.UU.- Triiililiul.:!.!" :ill,:tiii ■.•■J I, Hi"), I 1 .1 IB .\ iiKi'li'i. :!7 , 1 1 l.iniinii. ™i'.i,''7l. ! I.yrt'. 52.-1. Mml. :m^:|■.:l.:^i^-■•;l•■■l-''-■'"''■'^■•*'>• Mlllt■lll■.•-•7:l.:i^ll,:K'7,•»»*- ^Iil\n.i. l.w M.iwit.li.i-'*. Nu.iiii-iiii'ii" i;ii. Niiwil. 17.".. 4711 Niv-. 1711. !■<'. N.-lll..l.ili|Hl-, IKS. Nl-BlllKKllll, l^X. Nii'otiiri-kl.->77. NlBiiniilly, l'•--■ N,i.ikMi.lil.'>71. N.irlli. 171'.. Nov,.. ■J'*'-.. ■-'■'■7. ■•:';tfi»ii.3.'t,'» I' i tl • I ii i I 5 I ll- .■I Mil B n i J.' 704 Iliver. rtiit«>l. Wi7. Turi'ttiim. Itkl. riiviillii|t. (ttri. ry.lil Vt (JilrcU. I'.m (^iniiliiilc. t'.H. t'.n. ltC.4'.'.i.lWI,IW2.(Kn.Bll,»l«. I.4:U. m:. itiin.i'.A KoKilr. K.I, .aw. MW. S7 1. :IV\ llii«ii I f. ill, i"«i. i%\ iv, iV'*. Ill .■<««Tiimi'iil.. 1.1 :\ 1. Ml. in. Hi, m. '.'««, 'ii». .113,401. SaliiiiK 111. lll.UV INDI.N .Sultllc W. IJ5, siini«ti ^:l. Sail Ilii.iinvniliirH.VI V. .V.V.M .Sm I 'iit!. iy, HI San i.iil>riil, IT. !!•. II .><«ii l..ii.|iii>i li.l JIJ,Jl.l .'II .'W Srtii l.orrti/o 11(1. 117. Uy, Wei SftU I.IIIM II<',\'..'*, J*, .11, SaiitA .\lllt. ^^^..it. HhiiIu » 'Itini. 4'». VI, V^ .Nililii Mnrt:iinla.>, .HI. SHiitjk MariK. KiTt. .SHlxip. 4'7 Sikl/. IJI IJI Siiiiljiw N*, llll,4(n ski>h<>iiti«h, r^tii. Smiili « ll-i l-.« :»«> ™i.,M. 4iH, snolioiniwli, ,Vi«..rrfiii. Sl>ri.> M'j %f,i, .MO, %«l, 542. Sii|ii<.iii>iiil>li W" riiil. .strlliu-ooiii. lijl, SII|lHi,ii:inilnll. y.i-, .'>'.»>. sirlvlii .V.I Siir, 111!. TiMi Milr, /r:i. .-.«). -".11, J",i2,.')iH. Tlii'ijiii^in, VI. Tiliini .rn. Trinity II.V TMIIkixra «fi,4<'', TrnHMrri, Ml, riup<|tiali. :rii, r.H. ik. Ik, inTdiy ijii, Ui. ViihulK. Ill) Walalla, .1.1 2f,.' ■.lii. WHlli«.ul. i.V). Wlill«|.ali. «7"i, 177, 171. \Mnlr I.I'-.. W illaiiultc, «.•.!. « llii link, ,15.7.. IV. 37'.i. ..irniil-. .'17'.' lioUrl.. l'..iiil, .^7;l, .■i7.%. 'i77, 5« H..l.li.«..n I'oint '.l-i, fil7. Itu< k. Muitra/. !■'>. Arrh, 112. 1»-.. K, .'ll,?.'!,!^, V.i:MI,381,.l*l,.'W». m>,t'/l. .\rihiHl, avi Anna, HM-1, 1'*'.. ;;iii,;iH, ai. .\»ii«. nil. Haiti ri- .T.A. liar, K.J :|i';l. IUIllf,.T'S, rn lire ''J 11.IU-. V.iV,«. Ilcnt « iv.i IIIK \V hit*.. J-A J/7 ■-".«, WJ lllr.l, 1 C, nil, ii'i.i'il,r).l,3x2,»6X lll»lil,IVi«, M7. M7. I iiinlirta. tjl, • 'an. tW, <'K|M<. :«i|, < natlf, Ml, •,!■», IIS, ;iM . \\2, :evi, :iM, :»;, Viit. < IliinnrI, 'J.'i.%, 'i,'i(i, < lii.luliili 111. VJ < liirkr. .%''7 t I il«lrr I iini-, '.".l"., .Wl, Hm, t'tilvii.*. (i..*.!. ikkl. t'oininM^ton, I'ln. foMr. ^Ulx, llil. < .•liical, 1117, lltM, I'liiinlaiiliiir, 111'., im, 131, 1 o.|.illl<<, (',10, < 'iitlanpVH, WLM',, « ovc, :'77, I'oi. 4IC • yiirrnii, 1:11, I'W Uaviiliuiii, Wi.Wi, IVi Vl, l>..\ il . il.il.., >,C, .»», .Ill, .110. I I.lc. sn. 171', Ik.iilil. Arili, I..*, tn.iK. mini. I. iilir, .".Ift. I><>iil>li' llinil. :a:. :i:il Ikiiil.li "liriuli'il, 4!'i 4I'J, l>iiiil/|.. Ml, .M'., I.'i., Il.in.an S14, •Wi,. .'.17. .^.•.l. iN'iirintt an.l ilmlaii.i' rnini TatiKiiili Ulan.) IJKlit-lii .Mr, iMiiliiiK iliriH-tliifiA. Air., • iliikiu riK'ka "IT, .M6. riant. .1%.', ,l.•i^. I'.vanH. fil'.i. Palinn. IIJ, III. I'lilw 1 aiic. :ljii. .rjl, l:il».- Kliiniiilli ill 111 rHunlljiriiy 11 1, .III'., in'., ,117, Ut. l-'i'iirli-an, .Wl. I'iii, I..1 liat, TO, .ni, 117, :vvs ;i.ii, I'ji. l''lal IliK,'."/?, kil, KUl lllai'k, .'ill. Km, .»••. rifi. .117. .«■,», 171, 17'J, :lHO, 3lB, .1*1, 3"/.', f.if. (''iirliinaii. 'U'i. Kuur.Mlli' 1 rwk, :!il7, (ill.rallnr, Ml, l.or.ln III Hm. .HC l.r.cii 117. < Miami :i'.i7. KM. liiill.'iv. :ix7,:ui8. llaiiil.ViT Kanily s. JW, llatlidi <'a»lli-, I*',, I.T. iliivHta. k, r.-J IJ« 1.-1 1111 4.11, 4;12. Ilf Im, Mill, IJI, IIirIi, li'iii II..W1-11. n-i llunip 't'vl, I.M, IVi, IVl. ll'inliT H. VtH lliintlliKtuli, V/J. Iliirnl. ir.l. Iiivin.ililf, J:t7. Jih, Jil I»liiii.l..t7l. r77. .I..niitliail, I'lJ, LM. I'll, :IV> Kilii'iilllali,'^!, Kl.m, .'..".run. K i.Kiki.li, :r'i.:r:r.. 177. 3ivl, :wi, :ii«. |j«<'riii. iri, I'Jil ■ .arict*. wj I. Inn. lull 111 l.lllli' i(lvcr,.'l.'lll. l. IIkIiI-Im II(K-k, \.tt\H^r, ITj, Ml.lcllc.'if,,:,,,). Mill-. lTr>. MiirKi>i>,'.':l,:iM, ;i,w, ,iVi. l'\ riiiiilil,:i7:',:wi,,l.s.v Itiiiklitr, :l'.iii. lUI. lUfl. I'.!."!. Hi'il, ii7,:;it,zw,2ti. HiMliI iiiK. :il X, .«•», :no, 319, :\.v., -.i-i, K.-liI, rM. l{fyiiiilir», •.".c.lWi. Kii'liiinln '>l. Kill... II. I'.NI, IloHt-iliili', .•iii..'sir..M7, ltmiii.l.:i|.'..:iir,..U7. :il>i. :«j. Sail, 1.^7, l.V.i.'.'i;7,»W,,Vil. StilinuM, :Ui2 S.iii .Miirtih, 1:11. Suit P'llro liw. :;|11. M.'kI, Id-., 177. 171, IT'.I. IM, ■-•«,•.. in, 'Jll, :I2, ■J17.'.'Jl. ,M, 4| 1. S.ii l.iiiii,L".i(!,-.'.ti:t(i. Wi.numii, Isd. s.mili.iym. >..iitlii>a.st lllai-k.M). ,•!«■:, Stil,3Sl,3S2,.li)3,:iSl,3.sr>. 'rillaiui«ik.'W7, 'I'.iwrr. .'f'7, :KS. 1 iii.|MT'x.:tvj. riirn.Wi. Twill, IKS. t'lill,.'v"i7,')7'.'. rxHui , ■.I'j.'s. i^iti, 'jax. Vill,M-.7. Walrii.x, :iii:i, Wixi ( ■..iiii-ul, :!.sii, :wi, :tM2, .l>o, :!M. \V.-xl,lalil, Ills. \Mmli-, 117, :«!, riVi, aVl, ri(7, WImltr s. 111'., 1:17. Wliil,-, 1 10, 13, :i(«i, .117, :!ll, :!I7. Us, :bi, ,!,',.■, 307, Wil, Wliilc Coiikal, I.IS. Itoik,\VlilliiiK,:,T7, Wllli.ii(jlil,y, nil, |.,i(, |.jr,. \ViUi.n,:ii:i,:|.i|. /,.T.., .vr;. KiM'kpiirl, ■.W,'.".w. iiuiiir for ('(iliani'vu Cnvi., mf,, Kni-kH, Hariiai-U', .ii;(. ' 'iiHlro, J:l'.i. 111. I, V.s. UniKiiii, .lis, :i:i'.i, :i.M,:iv.', :itl|,:!i!7. I''imIi, •.*(h'>, 'Jl'iJi, 21.7,270, l'"l.illiry, 'H!.'', rum, ,'«i7,,'K),s, ,',|ij,n|7^ Mi-lialf, US. .^Iiliv 171, 172, 2r.',.'l:), 211,217,221 £J7. .Misxinn lliiy, lis, Ni-.Ts, Kl *il»siT\atoiy, 110, "III, 2.-.S, IN-aiHiils, .'ilrfi. I'iniiai'Ui, 237, Uiii'i', .'ii'ifl, .Hial, 1711, 172, 171. .>*iNlir, :i:i, lll,:i«. sii-atn-l.itiit, ;e.so. Tlin-i- .\ri li, 1.11, 1 :l.'i, i:ir., rii.i-i. llriithirs, l;jl, l,J,'i, 130. N'fiilura, 1.17, Whalir, \:\-. ^^'illialnslln, r)ivi, Ilockn, Wilson. '.i|. Wi.lf. 172. Itl.l'kHlll.1'., iilcil. s. lii.iky Unit.. Mi.iiTitain, 120. 121, 122. 121. Ifinky (luMi. 2i;i. IC.iiky 1.1'iIki'. .1 I. I.i'ariiii; ami ilislaiu.- froni lii,-hl-liu»si-, :J1 1, li'i.oky I'liliil. :i>'. ii,iiiii.f..r llla,kl.,ik I'ninl, :l.ss, Ivm-ky l'..ilil. I'l.iiil Altrorllii, im, 102. la'aliiiKiiiMl ili-laiii|. IriMo I'liiiil .ArKlnillo. Iir.', KiMiiTiil iii'siriiitiiin, |ii2. roast luir. IM2. Ill l.r Kivrii a Willi' I) rill in a fun. |02. Itocky I'oint. I'..iiit H.in.jia, I'M, l'.i2, 220. ili-siril.iil. ^<•a^lll^: an.l ilnlan.|. I.. IViinl 11,,,, , liKlil-liim-c. I»|, liii.\l.iiry l;,if, mi, liiivl.iiry I'oiiil, lul, Korky I'l.iiit. I'.trl IiiiroVi'r> . .vri, .'i.m, kiHiwii as Mi.lilli' I'.Mnt, .vri. ili'l.lli 1(1" Wat. r lu'ar, .'i:v», buoy oil'. \i-''>. lii-ariiitciiiiil ilistami- 1.. \im\ Hiiiiui'Mess Iii,'iii.h,iiis|., raa. I'.'ilit l'arlri(l^;i'..'..ii'.. I'liiht Willi, u ln;lit-lioiisi.,.\;ii, ln!ilriii'lli,ii'< for U'kkv wiatlu'r, .Viil. Hoi'ky I'l.inl, .Santa Mi, una Hay. li.. 17.1.7, IJocky P. .int. Saratoga l';issa^;i-. t^i| lioiky I'oiol. Triiiiilail llnul,:!:". '11:1. :ll'.i. il.araoti-r ofiiiail I'ri.io Triiii.lail Ik'uil to.:!.i7, l...r.li'ri-il liy riiiky isl|.l.s.:l'i7. ilistanis' from Triiililail lli.iiil,:!:17. .hIii.f.' iiiai'.'fisihli- to l),,als, :l;i7. slii.alslrit.li ili-.si.ril,fil.:;:r7. Nimii.Iiiiiis ..il'.;vw. laarliiK hikI iIisIuolv tii Hliiiit's Ki-i'f, :!:h, I aiii' .Mi'iiiliuiiio liKht-liiiiise, :i3.s, lliioil.iililt lit-lil-lioiisc,:tls. UiMl.lin^-'M li.M'k. CIS. <'ri-si-iMil City li;,'lit-liiiiisi.,:tls. Capo (irforil liKlil-liuu.ii.,:H)i. l'*ox Uoi;k.:iJ5. Kfoi^riiiiliicat luiiitiiin, ::i.s, lua^ni'tii. varialioii, :>>8. iiaiiii-.l l>y,:{:i.s. :l:!'.i. laii.lfall for, :il'.i. iiMixl lini' iiorlli iif,:ilO. liiiilf's I.ai;iiiia. 17:1, l!..ili''.i Valli-y, I'm. Ivmlr's lii-i-f. saiila Kusa Istuiiil, su. ilesi-ribt:U,'Jl. IM 111*71 1' f ■I." \n 7(m; INI>K\. fl - .i I iuHiL. Il.».litrr.' Itrn>k. 1w,1iC..11ci l>liri'. am riHitii ti>r «l«'*titiT" ti*lwi»rii Ui>yn mil. kili. Ciiiivkilf ri'«*k iirur. kK'> ItiHlriiiticf .limii. V^ liia' UUikI .'11 ItoKiir lIlMT UM. Vi«, tr.v. i: 1 1v% I'l tiKMiih friHti <'jt|M' '^•liimtmn, .V.V li|i|>**MrHiii'«' friMii It iMiinl out .It ««*fi. t(<*>. I{«>4i||rmpltii hI |>t>»Mlnii o( iiuttilh. U'lM, rhminrl ii:»rni\% >''.• .Iiplli of »«lrr k'M ui'«tni« itoii* for %T^rio Str«it •. M't M« VW. V.A ^TJ. 'Ir'MTlU-il. Viit. «ailiiii; <(lrf(-tlon<, V.J ^ lti>«rnroilv. r l-lKti'l Ml. Mf,. MT I!.... f..rt .'i: -M Koo l-illc h .I." K.w M..Mt>tiilii. If'l. 2.tl.3^'>. ;rt*<»jfr.ltthl«*j»l |Mt»itloli. IfiT. lUllltktl AIhI l:rA«l> lAll'llnK. .''•T tnt>oriii^ lirirM. 'Jf'i7. I.rt«kfr«. ailT kri|> >.:, no plAl '•'.jiD'l ■^li".tlMAl«-r lt»y. 177. KoiMi'l K.K k. ;--• iH-iiriiiK^ lio'l 'liitaiif**** to iii'iKhlMirinic hh kn.S'fi. 1 Ki.'l Aiiilinriik-f.'C. Itouii.l lo|. i: I?", r." Uoiih.li"! i'tUii'l loii'iik I'.iinl.'iir.' lUiVHl l*«> Sniir.im-r I •Imiil, 'itft, MT. Kuyo .Xiii horntji* J7'*, Km kri • IkIkikI Jtl. ^1^. Kiilr'a IaikIiiik. 'A*'. l.xuK. n. riS Hlllikfn TfH k nrar, 'iW iiiooriiii: iiililr JV< tiuov, iV.. k.-l|.. 2.V,. Hill. Wlii.ky W -Rfl. ItiiiMx'll I'oiiit. KonK IWiy..T.lU. lIiiMiiiii tiiili li. 2'>«. :'-l. • ituali f ■>l. Hiiiik'-ii roi-k oiitsiili* of. '^l. .l(*|ilh of unt«T -*l ri'iM.rt«-\ I'lMial Miirvir •Ullnii. 'J.V\ rhAiiiii>l rock itt niiiiltli tif. 'JfW. iiiuiir". 'i-'t^. iliiiiM«'r«. 'J.^H. Ifyiirr t iiKiitlrl. r^CI. nnmi- fur ItaUh* PMMKr, KXI, 211 fiilii chilli tii'l. lilli.T. .'H liAHrillit 4llil iltiillllirt' to roini IMilli, '.*1.'1. Hoi- lilitii.l. .'1.1 HitcmiiKinto lllvi-r. I: I JIJ. .'t.!. .'It JMt, JtM.S'iU. till. tlilMKl till' liiniilli of, If in ^i«ilill>< lllll Kmy'a llitriKir. t«l. li#i«rlllK itli'l 'lltLHllrf frnlll Point llrowii. IMI Mp|M*limil<-4* Mt It illitllllll'f. I'll Hnil.tlr Moniitnlh II.' IIV IK'. Ir.i. t.Vl, tALI-ti. HVx. 171. |Ii'oKrH|'lll''Kl |H)«ltlo|l. t.Vl. .>k M7 III III iliKlaniM- of Ti«ililHty. IW. Krounii'lili'ill |MMttliili, lie n|'|ieHrnii<-<' tii n lin/y iitiiio*«|ihprr. IfC. tw'iltlil. I"" Mail.llp I'Mk <'i>i>i'l •li'itrtiiK' from i'ii|>« OrfnnI IIkIiI. :no. S« .Ipwrllx-.l. iii7 lipArtntc k'hI iliHlAitca from IImvi'Ii'ii N>i k, 'JfiT. Ki>li Koy.%2n. cl<->. rllH'il v.:.!. ilpplli of wiil»'r Iirur. %i'l. ShII Koi'k Point HiiiituI riir NIaihI 14J. IST. 1^') licArliiK Aliil •li<*t«tiiiH> from H.iiitn I 'm/ litclit-houti-. I I'l. HaIIIIIK (llrri'tioll'* Wl*it I'OH'tl of North \ilii>rlril lirtWt-l'll I'ltllMliMl mil ij i."'ii I li irlollf NlitiiiU 7 for till' iiorlliiTii jiitrt of .'^itii Kriftlit iii'o Itity.Jll San I'kIiIo lliiy, Jtl. W. < Iporitp • < ImiiiH'l ai. iM IVi, wliltti.%%J • ilriith.^'S.' rittrimc*' ViJ lipAt ttiurm' tliroiiKll. I'V*. iilloali'Nt wiitrr I VI n^hiirliiil for vp^tfN roiniin; iiptlip riiunl . :IVI. HilvmiUncPoii'* ill iiorlliW'-^l wiii'N, t-VI. HI.k« :V\'£ Mitimllon. l^-'. Ill tlip tnii-k of I'OiWtiMtf ^ti-iiiiipnt. :C\?. iiiinilH'r of riM-k«. I' - hrlicht.'nj iH'arliltf »n«l ill«t»*iii«* from I'roniontorv lloik, f*'2 < riKi-. Ill < lly liKlit-lioiiir. Ti'J. I limint- In Ihroiiwli. '.Vi'2. vltllili* itiiil ntinkpii ilmiKrr*. 'IVI IikIiI lioifr, ViT'i iiiiM(iiplii- MiriHtioii 'C*~ Ht «l.ori{. • I!.-, f llulit hoii...' Ill, CVJ. M ni, CV\.W..:)li» 171 177 • li»rmttr of li^ht ;1V, lu'iK'il' "^'^i nrcofvMliillly.TWl llliillof vialliillly. IVl ^roKritpliK'ltl |ifpniliH-llloli^lll-lloiui«.;n5. Iliiiiiliolill Ilitr.liiiiiy.tVi. Tiiiiiilnil lulil hoiiM.XM. It.- lilliiK Koi k IV,. Iri'niciil Illy liiilit lioiliM', ^UMi holltliUi'lil Sa'll Koi k, IA<'> < it|M' iirriinl IlKlit hniuH'i'KA. \\>x ltiKli,:i'>i>. Ht liilin'a IxUllll.''!". >t s/f|ih» M. wrr. k Wt Hitl I'ciiiii l. |i>>. m:. II.!. SiillMa>< l.ttlMllitH I t'l luir oinlnii liiiii. 11^ MiilliiiiK I'liliii iliil-'lH I'lihili.iVI, SiiiliMi> llivir. N't. in.lll htlhllUM ImWII. I ts Hilliiuin ll.iiik. WilKliiiiKliili Miiilliil,\'>l. iH'iiriiiu mill iliKlKiii I' rniiii Sim .Itlllll Nlillnl, '>M. il*.. rilKMl, V I IxiM^ittfr iiriir. Vil SaliiiMii Itiiv litnil niiiiir for ^IiIIhIxiW* ltay,f'i4*l. Milltunii ITitU, 1.".'.JM..'V>. '.TK. Miiliiiiili I ri-i'k I'liriiiti lUI. Midiiii.ii CiiMk Ciiviv J"! SiiliiiiMi lli'ixl Ml III iliMiiiiii-r rroin l*li>ilrtl« IIIiIIK'Uh. 1 M\ liiiiriim mill ili"liitiii' friiiM I'ciiiil siiTm Srvmlii, IKI. ill.lilllii' In Siiil.i Moiiiiliilll. I HI. rill k> iiliriiiKt, I «i !*iiliiiiiii I'iKk, r.".i lipitiitiK "ml illMiiiii'i' friim I'ti'ilnvt llliincUH liKlilliiinii'. l?.'. Siilmnii I'l.iiil r:'. Ki'iiuriipliK'iiI iiimiliiin, -7^1. Mill 1 liivir.H"!, IJV kliiiwn 111 Ni'i-lipmit' IClviT. IU^. Miilniiiii K'H k 'ti'- MiiMiiirv I'.iinl.lliMnrnl'iiiuil.lkT.'.O.'n. Mull I'l.iMi, j.>,.'i.i.'.'ia. Mull I'liiiit liiiiiliiiK.'JfiO. Mull M|i,iiKli,.lJI.,l-ii. Sitnimli IhIiiihI. '>7II. Miiiiii.li lilnr. Hflllin!liMiii Iliiy.STl. ilr)»iriln'il.'»TI. .Si1I.1iii1.(,«Im|i. ITI'v -»n .\iiliiiiliil'rirk,ll«,-'liV M.tii \iiliiiiii> Moiintmr, i-li>Miliiill, V*,iA, .S.1I1 .|„«ii,(i.i. Inirk.l'H.IUI. I'.n. .S'lHi ,4u!;ii<(im'.' Man lln .Mi.niil.iin. 1«7, WW, 170, r.*;. JI7. Ki'<>t;ni|ilii<'<>> ^iiitloh. Ill Man Hui'iiKH-iiluni. 'irai;<' 'i-l. .Mania I'.irliaia I'liuiiixl ilr^crlliuil.Mi, 'i7. laiKlnutrkN, 'wK nil ilaimiTH. W. 11.1 ki-lii v; wliaif iIi-hiTiIm-iI, Vi. liiiMiruiK'4. ■'>*'■ ^•^l^r^Mll,.^7. H«iila ll»rl>iira MiHMi.m, i;ronra|iliiial iiiiHilinii, 'i7. tiiauni-lii- varialii»ll,rt7. oil iii|nily,.V,. San Hiii'iiaviMiliini .Mi-.«iiin,.M. Kfiipnipliii'iil |ii>-itli>n. !V7. nitiKiii-li< ^ anal ..%7. Hunla IliiiMiiiMnliir.i I'niiil, M. Mania Itiirliara I'lmliiu'l. ''>* Man Hnin.ivi'iitiira lllvcr.'>.l,S<'i,.'^7,'i1,(i.'l. Man ItiH'iiaviMilnra wharf. . fiMiHl hnf luirlli iif. !->*. Man rli-nii-nli- I. Imiil, Hl.:I7.llH.ii'.l, 70, 71.7:^,71;. ■*!, «I,S.', S7. ili-H.rll.i'.l 71 71, liy.lr..i;ni|iliy.7l. »liili..nii;.'>',7l,7.'.7;i,7l. l{i>nKrA|iliii'al |iii'4iliitii.7t. M«ii I lifltii. H. 1 1, 111. 17. ,11, n,'-. -I, -7, M, U, C, 13, IS, Vi, iW. i;i.(,<, 70. 7r,, 111, Kx, 'I'.;, 'fi .Ml, rliarl ii(;t-nl.^t. lini'i iif "iiiinilinu'iiiir. 1 1. '.'7, if. Wiil»*r HU|i|ilv. ■_•*». rikin-riill.-ii. Hun PliKo fiinlliiiii'il. wliari iH ilfHi rilii'il,"! t'liHiiini hiiiiHi. rr^iiluU iiiH,A17. lilliit.lKl'. >'>I7. liiwaur.iitT. Sun DiiKii llay.'I.', (W. •li'W'rllii'il III. 17. krl|t nil I'liliuiicp. H. nil kniiWn iliiiiKi'i''* nttrntninco. H. rriHirlril ilan^rr ntVrhlranre, H, liar a( inliani'i-, I-*, liri'uk" nil, r-ini. If. iliniil ni ar lliillail I'nillt, If. linw aviii'lril. If, no il in^iT iimiilr nf. \% rlir Il Ml. If. iliinni'i f'lr whurfiiKO. I'.l. Iiiiii,\'* anil lii'iii-otiH. I'l. -0. Inm niiniU-ii>il.'.1i,'JI,«. miiliim iliri'riii.ii" fnr I'lili'riiiK. 22, 2.1. iii.iiliv ';i iinatimhiii itatiiiii. -I. 11. Ill, J-. Ifi'iiuniiilinal inMllioiH In, 'W, 29. ram fall, -|^ tnwiiH, :i\. anilinrnili' ni'fti iMilraiirP. 20. ili.«iivrrril aii'l nimiril, '_'''i. ailjairiil I'lMintry lii-Hrrilifil, 2(1. U'liarvr-*. 21 inamn'lir vjirlallnll, 2%, 2li. 27. liili-l . Iiarl, 27, San I'ii'k"! Ilivir. 17. 2i'..2f.29, .Man IHi'iinilii IJIvi'r, '.'f.:ill. Man l'.«'i'\Mn. rnlila ilf, Hilll |liO|;() Bay, 17,21. Mnr. I'raiiii-i'o. rili 'I. I H' S4in f Villi'-' *C"i. i-lii'i'rr. 17 t Man rraii'ivi.. 7. II, :r,,,:;, il, l.^i.Vi.Ol, 112,07, Of. I'h'irl iiui'nt. :i, ' iiitruniiMiiciil Mtiilinii,'.!. iliiaranlini' n-i;"li«li"n«, 21, OH. ili.i.UHHhin Ilf li'li- r.'r, 2.'>. I'lliil rrk'nlil'lnn". '•■'''■ piirt riili'i lui'l ri>i:iilalliinH, fill, rail- 'iC'In. kin;''. 0|:l. Iii'iillli 1,1" < f'lr. I'.ll. ilnly "fiMiil wiiiili n-. Oil. Hliil'liink'iiininiiMxli.ncr. 0|,'>. |i"li.i' «ii;imN ill liarl.iir i'f.017. piMiullii- f.ir ilaniiwini! laMi's ill Imy "f, 017. .Man I'ran.i-i'n liar. |i'.n. .'no. ilflilli..'i»'.,2nf li|iiilMli'nlli''l,.'llfl. whlTi' liar I an In' crnnKOil, 2IK'.. raiii!i-< f'lr 'iv'ii.liin; llvr-falliom iiaU.-ln"-'. 200. f.inrf'lllinm niink.J"7. HiliialioTi.-1l7. lnaikiMll.yliuny!<.2(l7. BHI'll 1.11.2117. Iiii'iil nainr. 207. wln-ri' liiink I'lm In- iTiw90il.207. I'hnnm'l- ■"'nll>.'-07. Mitnaliiiii.2n7. lu.l Kufi' wlii'ii ri.iiKli,207. ilmiiii.l.in.iin »liiii,207. -i/i-.-'iC. ili-.ril.i'il.21l7. Iiui.y.2n7. lliannil.lliin«'la.2ll.f. ..ilnaln.n.'.;iw. wlii'ii ii-i-.l l.iinlvanlatri'.'JK ill n.irUi«i-i>t wrailii-r.aiiiiroadics smooth, 'JOS liiinyn JiH. Jll nil I'liaiwr i.f liar. .Ilf. hiillom iif.2"f. culor Ilf wali'r in apiir.miliinK.SiH. aluli.iriin; 1111,221. !i.,t.>ni*4H) Ml Miitttltt' icritutxl of Jt% Sufi Jo*' t 'riM'k . 1 is. SwH .l.»^' MiiMit. m: >»n .1.»m i'..uit, in "Niii .?iiiUi ( "Imnm-l *«irii i .if lui «, "VYi, Htn .liiati UIiiimI ( itn.'hUli* Itiiio. Wt. MT. >t\u .liittn MniintAiit, in; Sun .Iii«it. I'.irt M'.* vm. V4f S,tn .Iilftii, Pitnln tir, N»u IMi'k*' lUiV Jl. >iin .Itiaii KtMl. fj Srtii JiiHii "'ifrr.i 17 Shu Juuh t Ht»«imiit» -".'. » H r.' >i»ii .liiiUi < *iM*lr«!i*i .iitt tiortih:!'. ■!• ■«' iit»Mi 12. xl. ki-l|. th-l.l ott. C rvft-rfnf^ I" "^nn 'uun !(*►• k ti. Suit .luAll I H|»iHlrKllO >ll«Nloii ii u) Sail ,Ui«i» rMi-tM'iiii.. Toii.t. .V H I-'. t4. «.«3. t;fOk;rurlUi'rtl |>4Will<*li. :L1 Saii JtiAii Cnt'^'lmti** VM!lr> M M. Siui I «.niw.. Ifiv. r. II'. ir.lli.lftn. ■n.U I.Ut If i aiM-. i». Sun t.uw Kill Hi Srti) I utUm|M.. lir. \\2 111. Still Lut!> l>l)iH|Ht I VmiiU> , |t«. s*n I.uU l>l»(ii|Mi i'nu'k It* Nm I,uU iS.h.t.I'C.li* Mi. 111. l:rv. Sf.n I.iiiH Ury.^y.Si, tl. iii'^TiUsi. St iiil^olcn El> S»ii I. (11* K«*\ « '-^rttlii .*'.' »i. *Miii t.M^!) Ki y Moiiit.Kii- <)ii;iH)>hh»1 |M>Mil:uu <>1 lu'o iti>Ul'lc|M'a)tH. \aw\. ft*M*, .-• >An l.uin Itcy llurr. >.'^J. '•' •v»n Mi*i' i»H t rvrk . '*• ■*«■» MiirmtriU Ilui-r >" Sail M«rtin, r»|*. I'f.. j.C l; I •'. .,.. M) !,ll, n», U"*, iVJ. ^^Ml ^t■trtl^. UIii* U , II. Smii MHrtiti UtM-k. lot Srtn Mill.-., t'otni. :,»y. t., li. th*^ rl'*»l il. lCf(<^TAplll< til ti'Mttlofl, 11. '*4t M»-Uo \allry 1|. Shi. Mik'»n I » MikT.if) Hill. O >*mn Miiiutl l-lmt.l 11 I'^AI, HT.W W fif.C tW.TR, WV'jt. ■j.i y, w s«ii Miy^'l I'aMTfti^e Ur>Knb«d. ■<>. 'JO.'Jt.U:! tfl, W ■ti/f ^.< •l*l»ih W. k,l|. ■«. foul |ti-ijiin>t.W tMM\u*ti !«• \clin*-|«. 91*. illn-< tiKtm fur (>Ab«lM^ tht»n|i;h '■/> '•••UII-jMilffI *''^. lltl ?*«Ul* MM|»hrtMrim fW. ill «. nU'.l T-i 7A. k»-i|.i.!r.:-. InMrii ilAiiKfr^ oft '.'* t' ilrirrffui'liv 7't |^f»>Kr"pl"i:wI |Mf*iL|ii)ii 7^. 74 Mill i.ifrutct' Hii 11. ^>:4ii tihi^fr'* .Moiiiila.ii U'.i'tfud IL 4^1 ti|frt([i|. lull |Mjf>UKjl;'i nil, 11. S(in ruhto lii»v. i:i, I '».j--'7. J:t7.-W,.l.r.t, Jwi, Jli. I.ll..><, Jf,». ^iltiiiiltiii. -:4». .Sfiit Crtbio podii'jr.iw. :ii . SHn IVilrt>, W. n. It. Srtii IV.lro lij.y. ,".1. i'v;w. r.TT.^l. (Uf*i tiptli'ii U'lihij*. ". tl«*wri)>tion iintkiKlitiiirkH, C Ih. r*'fi>n-ii.«- u» tiMiiiiliiiii^ ikii>l tlnratttiT 'iT l.iiit*irn. iw. rrfi-riMK'f \k\ isluiitt^. i"*. rt f.rt'int- to prott'i iMiM tiil'en*(l..lH. ri'frn'mt' (•• 4liiiii:rr*>, ».'•..?.>. rcftTi'Pi^. t,, Url|» lii'l.l. W ii'firt'iiit' to r»N'k> imli h.ifJ, nfrmiif it» ltuov>t. f.i. Ki'iKTui •witUiii; ilirtM'ttiMin, .?,i, ttt, niooriiiu I Ht p>iiiikoti ItHlur otr I'.'ni' ["rriuui. l"*. ri'frrt'iii *• lo I iirniit . to, n'fiTi'iin \ » UDtlumtkt. Id. iiiM''.)orAK*'. *'* >« IlitU l. linrtHir* ili'KvrtUxl, 44>, 11. Iif;hl tioiiMi* •lr«4'ri!>fil. I.*. M lihlht ^t'UH4v Mt'ii>;r;i)i)tK-iil |K>!«tlioit of. M. t:foKrf»(-liUvil (xvittioi) of Ittfttlttiuit'd Ulaiul, l-l. ltit<<>H I :. toft, k i-oiirilry iIcm rilH-'l, 4:. l). |M>ol r'KiiliiOtinti. <>ll. 8an IV'Ifo i'a-ln)»; Htrumt'rii*. II. M*^'M■ln^• 1.1 wm.t«. II, rrftTcm-v Itt ' nirtiit*. tl. 4^. xfU'TK me to t«Mn(»rtn(iirf of ■».■»» \vj»Ut. ^.^. IvfrriMU't' t(» foK. »^ rt'frffiuf to till* ImruK*' '"' rt-trrtMH^' to k*'i(. \% Han I'l'ilro llurtior, Sai. l'<- V lo ki !|> i>H(^ IM-H.il. Itiiovi 4li-P«t nl'fl 41. 4.' l>fih-«iii, 4- Hrtii (V.Iro Mill.N .17 ;l« N. II i%. (7 fW Tl :7. .•-•n IV-.lni Point. -(l.-wjuii, li,i, (UN X^iA'l, VH.XV.tiX.'Xr: , J4i J4-* S4ti I'l'ilro KtMk I •■.«.». !1\ >«ii I'islrt. «)l»-l KHp f^ San *iiit'riii(i I'omi.iir.Xl"'. >i»ii KnfiM'i- !■•» I>i-"li:ni{, Hs Sftn Hinifon lUy. ll.>. I..'".!.'!. flirrt tloK of i-iMtnt IJIl. no litihirn lUiiuvni, l.'l. ftCpronctifn l.'l. liin.litiarl.- I.rj h>-irMK"»i')iy. I::.: 1^. vitirtrf IJ'.'. liioortnri iHioyn. \'i'i iMilui^ ihrf-<-1ion« \l\ ' otiAt '^' > NtMtiii I U(tiirjil iioAilUHi of. |J.t. iniMC'*' itrilltniii, MA ti.lf" \ ^\ li>li>- nkt'tvti.UI SAit > 1 r>Mnt \1\ l.'t U'Hr iikhihI iltit«iu« fr-in. Point Arrn* H" U'l. I', lilt Pt.HiH.i.'l. Ki'Dt^ruI (l<'wri|(l !■•(!. tJ'J. Sun T'^riKUi Nluinl.'Ll .'^an \'ini«-iit(* ^rrovn. P^t. Httn \\wf. .Mi»-lon -t Sniiil ('HI'* 41 >. itHiin For ( M|»» Kiwdh'U. i3>. Kni.<' llnl ItlnM H.' 1|.>, t>i ill-*.. iiIh-.I I.Vi. kt'l|rU<.< < lorn . iVl. M INliKX. 709 ).'j,n,-'.s,'a>, \ Siiliil Ilill liliitr CmiIiimi.cI K<'ni;riiplll..ll piv .Hull. lr>". U-iiriHK oiiil illHlmiif Id Pdilil Aii.iN.. %• l'..llll I'lllllH. U«l. N.iii.l l-liili.l. < ..1huIm;i Uiv.T. I.-.7, ISS. |IK, IfiT, wiiiihiUhi. t%^. (lem-ribcil. ITtK. Silnl l.ilho. I'«l III. SiiikI rn.M..nr I'..liltTiUiiln<...li lliiv 111. IW. Suliily IN. ml, lin.il inline (i.r \Vi".l IViiiit, iWi. Siinily ri>Mil, liiilf "f tli'». I..mlil«'r»,"l. iuii'!ioni«f ivtV. %TI Kri>Kmi'lii''Hl iiiwiliim, r>TI, liiiliuii iimiK' 571. Siinilv (Niiiil. I.imiinl iliiy, W.>. i;f<»tfriipbii'i»l piisiliiiii. MW Sainly rniiit. Sniil.i Hnsa Isliiinl. «'!, '.m.'.il, '>.'>, >;»•.. Kriiphicul pi'-'ilinn, '.ij lii;iuniln- \iili«tlt>n. '.'.'. .«iinil.> I'l'int iillrliiiri'u'i'. suiilii Ito.ii '.-luii.l.t m-.i^jriipiiii-til i». Smilu Anil Monntiiitl. :t'J. :l-'. Snnlii Anil Kivi-r. ill. ill. aniln Ann. Sntiml.', ili-"rll.ril, 'J',!, Siiiilft Ann VjiUi y, 1" Siiiiln Aim Win. I, I" Snnin It.irlinrn, :>", ">;i '•!. ■•'', ■'"'. '•■ ■ ''*■ '-■ '■ '■ I'liiirt nm-iit. ■'•■ •Ii'mtiImmI. I'll v.' «linrf.lii.ir(lifil. .V.i liiniliniirko, -Vi. (tniliiii: ilin-rtioii-. Vi nil iluiiKiT"*. ■''■' k. Ml. V.', iiniimnii!!-, V ri'Tcn ini< 111 unl'". '''■'. «linrf. 1*1. ,Mirrfnl«, 1.11. Il|{lilln'n»<' .li-...Til...l. I.1'. lMlrnln.tiii.il' '♦111' i'»"' '•' cliMlrl. IIkIiIk. 'il ti.l.'«. I.I ( liiiinir, I'.l, iiii..l..n.i'.l. r.ti'ri'ln'c |.» Mtiliniill •■' t.-fi'Lin-.' l....nrlli.|niil..- wiim-h, i.I Sniiln lliirliiirn I ImnlliO, '•. ,ty. II, HI i.*.. i".- ricf .!.■«. ril>.-l. ••I. ([♦•iiHrHlly il.-wriUil.M. onKltTlv I'litrmi. <• ^ 1 rpfrn-iu''- In Iwiik, r..! ri-f.Ti'lUf In Uwlii. M ki'l|> ill >1 M rr|M.rt4>(l liank r»l. ri.rrn'nli, '»l Uiiilninrk" M KKllliinilin'ilinnn I f..|l», M. wimU, M. iVi mliivwnmin. ^^ «ii.li.ir»Ki'.«. -M. ■>•■• ^■'. '•'■ ri'fili'iin' t.i Hliinii.n. HI ninuni-ln' Miiinli.ni. li- rnnxl 111"' Smiln Kiirlinrn I.. I'.. ml •'..i l.iniliiit!-. I'"''' liiwMi.Ki « IxiNViiii tin- iHli.iiiU i.f, '.« \iii»'npii rn"»uk;>' '•" Snnln I'm' < 'iBiiml >W Niii Minni'l I'llKsnt!'. "J ■^niiln Itnrli.inil'.iun'i I"" Sniiln llnrlnim Ulnnil.. Ii., •*l.,M, Vi, 'iT, v.i.1 •M, liifi ■ lt»iriUil,il. k. Ip 1-1 li\ilr.iKr"|i''y.'"' ■ S.lnlii lli..l.nri N1iiiiiIm-( ■..iilinni-.l. l|llll|,lTH, ">t, f..t! Mliinlli'. I.'ul. liiii.llnK'>i'iiil nil. Iinniiti','*!. Kftinrnpliiinl p.*^il ^'-, ir.il, (..•niinu'.nnil ilHIiin.i-H fintii, si, Siiiiln I'.nrl.iiiii linlll Wnniiv ^-. '•!. '>■' ili'Si'l'ili.'.I.IUl. rniliiiH tif vi.nl. ilily, I'lH. KiM.nriipliiinl p..-.ili..ii,i.l, ti.-niini;.* mill ili-.liin<'i*.. fri.tii, I'.l. innnni'ti. \ nrinlii.n, I'i . Sniiln llnrliniii Mi-»i.iii, 'il, vi 'il, >^iiii!ii Itiiilinrn r.iiiif, Sniiln r.nrlinrn rh,iii Snntn I'nlntinn. llnv ..I, ■_",!, Sunln Cnlnttiui Islnnil. I'.'.'.".!. lr..:l; II, II, I', ili'MiTil'i-il,7T ^11. m'o^;rnpIiii-iil pi.«iIioli,77. liyilrnKinpliy,77. niicliiirnKi-M.7'',7'.i. s". 111. k.« mill .lntit;i'i...7S, 7',*. W, Siiiiln 1 Inrii lil\t t. I'.i.,''!'. '••■.. Sniiln I Inrn \ nlli'y. .n. ''I . 'I'l, ' ' .^-niitii Cril/. I,'». -II. !■.'. Snntn I'm/ f linnni'l iU'**i'riIn'il. 7i*., ^i, '.tn, '. il.'plli, '.II iint'liurit'.i'. '.I'I. 1 iirr.'iil. '.".1. ..IH'II. '.I'I. ^iiiilnl'ni/ I'k. l'J."i. Simla I'm/ ilnr'uir, III'.. Hiliinliini. I II'.. wlinrYi'H, 1 li'. iiistril. li.."'' l'*>i' \r.<~fN. III'., r.l, tv<. i'.««. hi. y.i. '.14. nil. linmm'. 1 17, U.'lp, 1 17. liKlil-li.m-ii'. Ill r.'J. 117. 111. Il'.l. i;i'.>i:nipllii'ill pn'*ilinii. 1 17. innKlnli'-vnrinlinii, 117, In-nriiiK iiii'i -li-iai Tis, r>'.i, r.'j, r.:!, r.l, i'.7, s;;, si;, .ss. vT. ,.l..-,i,rji,i;i. .'..', i.r.'<,r.'.i. 7 1, ■'!,'<•<. r..iiii I'liiiiH lii;lii li'.in"' II'- M...1M Inii.liiiK. 1 1"" I'njnr.. I.nn.linn, I I' Snil.,lli'l Tnilll. ll'- M.inliTy \li.lii.riii;.', I l-^ wluMllinu l.ii 1.1'nrliii,' i V ll" ..I .lis -•nntn I'm/ linlil Inni-. I'll, 111, ,-..n'-l'■'' ki>lp. 's'l .IniliSiTi* s'. hnrlMiri* nil. I nn.ln' li.li's, w. Smiiiicni/, I" i.irJll''. r'l.l'i-i- ,l,.«.ri^.'.l 111. iniiiliimU'i ,.|in«l lull- I" I'l'iiil ^1'" ^''"■^' .s»iiln l.iii'in M.'iiiilniii'.. I'.;ii. l'i->. l>. 1-". ' '"■ I ' ■ Hnnln Mnrnnriln Itivir. > .sniilii MnrRii. riln Islninl, '.tl Snntn Mnrin Cliillc. H'"' .Hnnln Mnrin M..iiiilniin, .1.-' hi'lKlilliinl"'-' I"'"'' -"' |.f. iuriiplii.nl p. .sill. .11 Siiitn Mnrin Itu.r, ll«i Sniiln M»rin Vnlli'y.lilf.. 1117. s.iiiln M n Hi. 17. l-i.^L ■sniiln Miiiii. n nrniyii Hi 17. «< Sniiln M.inl.n Uny.'J'.l I '■, II, I'l .IcsiTipllnll lll'Kins I'' ^.-lii-rnl liv.ln.i-rnpliy. If' ivli.iri.'i H'. I" k Ip, III r.'fi.rin.'i' In ilinlKi rn. H'.. ili'i'lrii' lltflil" I" ' •'" .^iiml'' l.iii.linnrk, 17 « iiiil* 17- ■1, 71'., 1 I'.l. Ilu'.l,-"! ,.r liiylii'sl pi.nk, '«!. si , i^l. . vi-i 17. f..K- 17. nlhiri's mill .in.lnnniii'". 17 n 'u ih' » 710 INDK.X. f.1i I , Sikiiln M.ml.-n lUy ('..iillniu'd n'f« rviu-H* t4> j»orl, i~. lull's, is. nfciviui-tiisliflicr. I". rffiTriirc (.1 u-tKH( iiuil wnUT 1^ Siiiilrt >lni.;i Sirrrii. f. 1''. s«nt.> M..iii(:i wiiMl'Kiip. IT Santa I'iiMl.i V. .^aliln Kii-ii. 't|. Snniii l;,.w < r. '.i«, 'A>, ili>«i nU-il. «^> m;i. li>«lri»j;riniliy. *«v. k.l|.. .v.i. t«H l.i'(lKr. l. U.iniii; i\n.l ili>l«llHM.iti CI .^at.ta ^ n. / Mimihiumii. M. CI. !^anla ^ i.iv .ir rnnxina Uimt. IK'. Im. J^aiilj* ViK-/ Sii rrn, 'i7 Mul.i VrnT Vallo) I'.J. .',1. S.iMtiau>> Miiiintam il landmark for niakitit; VcwiK.rt Uji\ , .( ?>»litn4t;>. IVak.Siirrntlr .Sal.ta -Vila II, i^ljl l»i,.lf»Il. ?.i .'»-itth-i;/o, friKitU*. ".', ■.. .SlrtJl.l^... 9lljp,'.'|H. Sarultiifa rivH«n«f. '/*■,'. ''**\ ttt\ ilc«< tUmmI iiimI cjiti nt, 'Vlt. slinn-'ilnr. '<"" nunn- for. '<I. Slt«.ip Klvir.ClliOial • liivrr. ISI .Sttiiiiin Ivlainl i:ra|>lili'«l iHiaiUull, .VW. IlK'lt-lloulM'. .\V.». liHvlnin. V«. i|i«. nlwH W « li.ira»trr of linht. \Vi an aiiil iirilil it( V|, Ih .111111; and. li»lai.>. t" - unU lloa.l imhi I'rnwr Kim- I'tiint ItMUrt^. «c»t. Vrfi I'ohit IIoUtIj*. I'Miit. Viit Ilirtli I'. .int. Vt' I'oml U'lntt li->rii..Viil. \Vc*l j'oint I'lito.. Ulnnil. Vtfi Ilii.'V oil VM.-ir. liank.V.' ruinl l4»%* rriiii' 'ptt Hari' l»I. t oirriiiiil llaminiind Wi-.l ri„l ski;.j.«k Inlet, Vm. Turn I'.iinl V'#l. Jar» lltu-l v. foifl*. I 111. '*|*Hiil^h natne !»•». S«in^:lit.. rolnt II'. U«. Kl .s«un.lf-r» l4iii(liii|{ i'> ."fri iMMrii'i; ati.l iliRiaii. V fi.tin hrrooii I'nlnt, 3tif*. ruliil Alt- iiK, Jtx. D" •..%<■ 36" niuuritiK l.iioy* ift'. • tiiuit-lint' 'lewrild'd, 'Jf'>K nt-I '.'»> .Tn fviiiinlrr« lt . r- .n r.ii.il. y,\ kr:|. .«« r."k. jfji, fi.lll itrnilllij. jr>M liuiiki'ii r.ak ln-twcn ili.irf ami. JO". Iriiidli .if jr.i' Klii>tlinK l.iiov jr/j U-ariiiK an. I .liataii.'r frmn Hanii.l. r« l.aM.liiiie V.'i. i'uiiil .\rci.a liKlil-li.iuirtv .* Siiii|ii.l c.ye, |i:>, uv J>. l.V.i. |i(, S'yi,.V.iO,.v.i7. r.'.iH. •iltiali.ui, 5:17. .I.-.M ri|.liun. .V.I7 liH'al niiiii... %V7. iV>lnMiii..r t'rtfk, i'U. ■s li.'.iiirr (iiilfli .'i." ^Hiri.i.'ii JlarUir '-...ita ( ril/ l-lan.l.-T. "<>t.ll I a|.<.. l^li. "...II H Crrik. l-»i, l.M "...ItHlmrKli l.iwii. HH. !*<.<.tiv » I'oiiit. .irr .••(•a-I i.'i. liulili, ;««. na kM ijfl*. .ttlfl. Haa-I.i..ii lt.Hk.<'a|K< KliiaU-tli !•.«. m',. .Iri»€'ril'€..l , I'.rt no hjild.-n ilaiiK.-rH n. iir. r.rt. M4«-I.i«in U.« k Ui'.t, m/r. •'.'. U'ariiiK an. I dialain .' frnm Cinicvil Ui'ik.Hii.l. »ilnki.iir.».k ln«i.U. ..f .in*'. aand dun*M« K'lri-ik^t. 'f.i. llviKlti «if lull a|.>i>a;.,.. Inn Seal llarlii.r Nin l li'iinrilo Nliin.l, 7 ; 71 .l.'a.-nl.e.I 71 an. h..iUKt*. 74 ■•.■al llarlH.r I'.ilnt, .tan I 'li'lii.nli' NIan.i. 7 1. -.al Nian.l .'li .'II.J|.% .s.-al K(M-k."«'.tl IlarlHir. San ( I.-tni'til.' Ntaiid. 71 Sral It.M k IM ,l,-.«-rllH-,l,;l«l ■ •.•arlnu aii'l .llHtaii..r fr.ini raMi* IC«H-k. 1^1 'liiti^fr'. nrar. im| S..ai HiHk. l.lfi, 17", 17^, 17'.i. l-l, Ji"'.. Jill, JII..;1J, ■JI7..'-'I. •val IC.Hkn. 17" I7J 171. ■val l(.i<'ki<. 411. II.'. iliHlati(.«' from III.- .Marya liivi-r. tVi. I 'a|M- I't'i |M.(im, tl.! VM'iiiina lli-a.l^ livrlit li.'iiii', ll'J, latitnilr. II.' ,1.1 lii.l.Irn .l..ii|{.'r«..n Hi . Iinratt'-r ..f ^liuri- In Va.|iiiiia UlviT. il'i. SraU'.k Hay. IIihhI'h < an il >.!.:. ivil, i.in. ^It'intl..li. i>ll. ili'O. ri|ill'in I. II natni-M for f^ll. ■N'aminN.'ii till- I'a.'ifl.' ctiaat, £tl. t \i.' til ii.iintH;r Iti .-alli'fail.X'CI. Sruiil.. '■ "'7" ^71. .Hrk.'W I'l'lnl < liillaiii Hay t.'l Si'inialiiiii'" Hay Uiilf (if (irttrKla. .''T''. • lliiati.'ii t7.V lit a. ri|itl.ili, .^7-'^. ■ 1. i.lli ..f wal.'r, i:\ f. Ui INDKX. 711 S<liiuni> Itoy— «'i>iillniica. fri'^li « ttU-r, s;o. lull'". ">Tli. Ht'rm, JiliiilxTo. iiU'il, Us, l,V.l,ril7. Scvcn-fiM-t lirnk, :U:l. iM-ivriiiK ■>ii'l ■li»li>""- fi'"" ''-'"' '"""«■■ ■"•'■ lirt'Aki'r>*..U:i. Sovi-n K.Tl It." U- Ntliiiiuw iDViv 7^. **«'yunnir, >ttniiit, M'i. Slini; l!."k. IsJ.W,, 1- Ii....-', !«.. Anil K.M k, l>7. I.ilm' I'niiil Inn wliHlU', IST Siiil..'lil" w\.:irr. I'T .\ii«i-\ 1h1iIUi1.1-"T C1»U>"1 '*>-l»l It"'!' ''>■ Wlii-iUr. IKT SlulK K.ick.DnilH Nliiml. V'i7. iruii ?4[tiiiint' oil -'"N Sliiir.iii.l'lulmliH Itivi-r. IhI Sh,ir|. lV»k IJ. liV SImii. U.H-k.lU.H'-.. ■-■" luMiriUK:in.l.li"l"m<. fr.im linl.l li.v.l-.-,.ll 1. SIniHtii, Mimiil. '•'i7. SImIW lilaiiil.Slt.iU of I '.K-a. ■••'••■> Mull I'oiiit rillaiivok ll.iy, lis. M'.i Sl.,.|u.r<'ov.-,J«l..l'l..M-..:!iiT..Hs.:ll'.M:^ lintruolio.l-. r.ircilKTill;; i" a f'K. -"J''- (liMirihcl, ml. uK.Hi.l mirllnn'si !,•.•. Ml ..1. ...... ,,11... .Ill- i-i.Tlv >villi.-r. nil. *lauKfr..iiiall''li'" ».!'"' s"'"" l„.(ri..li..ri- lo Vfs*-li .•nl.Tlliu i" a t.i« I '1 lanilfalN, I'll. lamiiuark... .till ilaiiKcrs. :!i'l. Iiyilniurac'iy "H'"'- .urr.-.i|i.:l".l Slii-1111411 lilaii'l. -1' . , -I- .Hliomn^lia... I-..111. VaiuM.iv.r l.l.:ii.l.-.',i, ,ll,.,l... ,!^^''!ra...l'lislai.«- fr..". Tal..o,li Ulan.l 1^1.1 lioi.nc, Ml. „i .r 1,1 ilw itt»i«anl of ■>'-. tiaiiii-1 for. '»!-. .miil»liol<- llay.ii.k'i mliialioii.'.'^'t. .U'wrilad, «">'•• .l.-lilli of wat.T ln.*t>. ail. lior.im'. •'.*>•'. Ill, at iiaiiu'. '".""''. HhiMi.ilf tr.Tk.rt>.'i Sliipl. nu.oiiluiH-ion.T.ll San |-rall. li..vi.l> _ Ml,l|,« r.-.-k. Iii-.tril.'.l.il>» t'» imirmur. i.i . .n'- '.t ''" ri|..ml,ll.illa"t I'.iliil, Is, ''• -'".'-'■ ^•.,^t.'». II. is.Mi.i.'.'.'."-'" Kalmouth. 15.1, 101, IIB. I"allliy.-1«- llursi 1 '■•. llH.iiiii.iii'> .Ml.l.'.li' linmnd.W. ,.- .,.~ IT.»i.ll...l7H.I7'.MHI,KMs7.'^l».:lii,:l.,il'< -> .Soiitlmin|itt>ii I <■.', l»l i.'' Talr.ill.'" Tollva .IJI.'HW. Viiulu. 1 Ci. I<» \Vi-scotl,'JI,'.»'> Vrrlia IllUMlA, Is^ Zuiiina I7,l'' i< -T Sl,.»Uvat. r lUy. ni, 1.1, .M. "V. i'.^ 1. ^ ''M;- •"■ '-'*• «li,.r,' 111..' rroiiiCapf liiHa|,i.oiiili"' n' '•- ilcm ril"-.l I7'>. „ll,„« .luwllolis iia.l i.i.ls I" ..av,»«lloll, l,.S. lurr, lit- I7'J. I.iioyi* 17'.'. ll.lia isl' Slioul«.il'i " "!"■■ '"'■ '"'• ,„ sli.iaiwaui l'..iiits Sli..alwaur llay, I... ^llulTl. k Uoi:l.,."J7.K>^ U.«r...H au.l .lisla....- f><"" '"•""l l>>.'lll»''»*ift' .S7iii'ir-/.)t, slcainor, wrcrk.il, KV> Siili'liaiik Dairy, I'l" Hi.lii.'y Islaii.l. t:aiial .111 IIar...r..'i''.S7'.>. Hlrrra < •..ii.-fp.'i. .".'>'■ '■• • ''-■ ''' '•''• "*'• Sii'ira Ma.lri' Mounlniiis. :is 1:1, II. SiriraSaiila Moiii.n. Is. I'-'.l.'.l. HuTra Nrvil.la, :i-'>7. Hierra N.'Vad.; M.r.iilalli, UU. SiiTia \.-va.la I'oiiil. MX l.^''. I'"'- Sierra Sun .Iuan.:t7. Si.Tra ill' Santa ,\na. .lesiTilii-'l, -'■'■ siiTrii Santa l.n.ia. lis, l.ir. Hi. Sierra Siiiita N in-/.. .'>7. SlKlli.l I'orl. -''7- l)..arliii;a..'!.li»ian.-.'fr..n Mav.'il's Ni-.-k,21,.. I'oiiii .^rciiu, :ii37. mnkfii riM-k near. ir.7. law-iiiiU iirar.ii»7. 1 il niiiiu' i*'.7 Sm-naW. poli.-i-. liarl'or of San KraiuMsco, (117. MKiialiilii'w fr.M'k.l'.il. Sikhs lliv.-r. :171-.,:1S7. ,,.,., oa- l„.,ri,i« an.l .listan.e fr..iu Cil-.i ')rf..r.l liKlit-hoiUiC. :!■*-. wi.llli of 111. mill. :ts7. l.i.'al naiiu's for, :ls7. silil/ Itiv.r. lil, til. .iHlan.c Ir.'ui ''ape Konlwtallier, lil. ,l,.H,riliiMl til. wi.llli ..f .-iitraii.-i'. 1-1. l.ar. lil tjcottr.|.llical laisilioli. 21. In. Ill I'i.-ar.is lllali.us llgllt-liouse, 12'J. ,. li'i, lUmibia Kiver, 4Ci . i*.'J7 Strait. .-.70. lan.linarks. lil. imiiiei for. lil Silver IVak li'.l. im. hearint; an.l .l.slaii K.-..i!raiilil.Ml I'oMl Sllvle.le lira..' l!o>k, Siiiii .Vrroyo. '.ii. Simnuins rollit. ill. -I''. la-ai-on.-ll lieep water ii.ar. ill Htieky li.itl. .111. ill- Sim. .nti.ii r.,ve. p..silion,'.il anilioriiiie. '..7. kelp. "7 f.iiil uro. 111.1. ■■'7. san.l .luiieit. '.C. , , rl «• Slin.».ii. Isv.i.SanUi llarhara, .le.serilieil, r.l.b.. Sinipt.ni. eite.l -"I- Sliulair Islali.l. Itosarl tlcseriln-il, •"" I'lirrentH near. r>Oti. an.lior.ii;.'. SW'- re.t ii.-iir. M.*'' niark.'.l hy a Imoy. .',01. SiuHley s Klat, ill.-l"' S.r ,/.."i.tit-ii Vtl iJ-V"*, ■ITU, -Wl). '--■« ""''""^•"^'■"';:::;'or;ucaa.;i7.. »l/.e, .17:t. • Sisterlslets. l!"S'"•"'^"•""■^''■'■ >i,ler•sl'olnt. ll""''"'"'"''''*'" suier lt.1. k.,:li;l.:lll.:ll''- , ,,. la.arin«an.l.l.»ta.u.efr,-niK,aina..Uive I t re.sient t ily. >U. I sUes, .114 l.eiKl'l". >"• , .,,, ■leplll of .vale'aroilli.l.i"- |,isiile..f,:lll. ..outline nortli«ar.lfi-..ni.l'> '^'-iti;;::';^;:".::';':; -^.- ,Ua,»,r >i>tiT"" ""■ „ii,k.i r.,.k iiear-"'i«"'i''>' '"" ^ >;i„niapii..alpositl,:""f'':<»'ll'."*'- j „, ,,^11,1.. ^ariatloll. 111". lnle». II"' ,1, |,lli ..r water, H"'' .ill. I ti!. i ^! .tJl Ni W '12 INPKX. Stuslftw River— Contitiuoil. Imny nriir fnlniino lo. 107. litn.hnark. ItC Skft^'t Uay.tijrj »MiIr.iiu-»» iiirtrkcd by l»noy«.*V>J Ski iMMTMtwin ('riH*k.<'.'l'im'>i)» llivt^r, I''.'. i'".l. SkilV l'.>:nt,'«ni. ih'-tjUH «' from I'liint Mi>iiroi',»«iii, ilt'l'tii .»f wiiU r off. «'"»" ^kipiiii k UliittiN.riiiiii) (li> lluro, Vi-i. %7I Sknhiuui-h llivcr. •*:*''. Skull K^t'f. llH Skunk I'olhl. Srtnin llo^ Wlnml. fiO. W. '.H . SIa1> ( riM k. Ciw :wli' ltt>A<). 12H. Slnvm-kft < niK* iVi. Stfttf K- . k. .loliriAon K l-o»\ '.>-'. sli.I. K.>,k m. Slij> Toiiit i'luJlrtin !lj»y Vil l«o,*rinn ttii I 'li«l4*i!« t"* from Kv2X npiK'-ir^uu-o i\t ;i . n-vf off -..-I. Slnt.».n*.hikoff. vj. MoikIi riiirk"^ W. r..;il Hatik.r?>. MX I'-a-sUukp .tjj, I'urrkn. ::JT. nookton.'t^r. MrN>ilty d.-iai. Vil. Mnil i;ivcr.;f>. Srtii :ji rjj. 8unuHni*h ^y*. Sniilhw Tov*- l»tivvaiiii*l) lUy, fi*'? Simtli Il>'jt*l. \'imi-ouvcr Nlaiul. MI, nmni' for t 'n\*f t)iuri h M . Smith » !*iaii"I. Slnut of I'ucm. Vil BJ»[M'iinilli'«' Hi i\ vll«it.llUC. V.l iIuriKt'iT* off. Vil kc'p. v.l ii>:hi-(.oiiT. '»;'.%": \>. \i't. %*«., v.i,\\?..v»(, Vd>. v.i.rtv, v>4 fiitumion. v>; t'liiirtt' Ipr of li^^lil. V.J at I It III! liin;! hl.^^l p'.hiD.mi v.: IiDiili.rti' \ :triUtloIi, *»■'.' l>('«riiiK iiii'l tli»l«mx" |.> Np" T^titiu'pnr** If»;tit liouw \'>2 r:«li/ IliH-k ht:lit hoiiM- V.J lUit' K'Kkw lit{l)t)ioii-<- ViJ ll»vrry Nliin-I lijrl»l-linii«'. V.. T;iit of th<> Salmon lUiik. VS:! I>ii\ iImhi lltM k Vii l.iiw«on l.rfltff 'k%J I'arlri'l^r Hunk bUrk htioy, ViJ. l*nrtri'lK«' I'oini t^*2. -tinth •* I'-nnt *^»l(inibm Uivcr KA nil. ki.ot»n A* V<-unii£'<* l*»iiit. If'iit *^mith ■* iJivt-r ;o u** yvi. i.i.w. ttfitrinK 'uid 'U<*l4in«i* of inotith frotn |*niTiit 'Ipiw nptlnii nf 'I'tf. wnllh of ntoiitli.a> tieptb fff waliT t>. riM k> i>l<ui( of nintilli, VW. ri-M * tvi. *i|uUh • Ittvtr u(Hiii'n» ofilii- rin|H|imh, lo|. SitiiiiTKlir t'ovr.HHn ''li-nii-nti* lnhiinl T-'.T^.*C. ilMM-rl'Mtl,? I. kelp 71. roi'k,74 Htx bornK^. 71. fnnh uaU■• **liMig>;icr'fc i ttve HIM hofiit'f. '«.'*ii * Iriiipnti* Nliiu'l 72- Siuinrulrr's Covo (indiornvjo, *H. **7. Sunn * ru/ Nlaml, '*7, SnuK Inland. Slwmlw.itiT Hay. I7''-. Sn«tt point. 2M. Snako UiH'k, llooir** Cnnal. t^ti). Snakt'lantl I'oint I'lOl loral iiiitni* for Wat^ak I'oi it, ''p*)!. SnohonnMli Uivcr. V.»h, t'rtt. Snow \tountain, I--. Snowy * a|M', l\\ s.'lH'ram'H I'oint. ITT (littiin. .' from I'oint Sur, IT," lo. ahty not imntili-ly i>\auitneli l>ttHitnin, 'rj >tuul»rio c..\1I. tliof wiitcr Ml nwky I**)!'! near, 't|I. Somhrio RiviM. Vancuvcr Uland. r>|'.l..VW. *»|0, Mi. M2. Snunuut. I»ftrk. l«P.t. Stinora Krcf I'oint «»k . I'^** Skc litlct. V.iiicou\('r lAlaitil, 'tVJ, MJ. Hitnatiitn .'VtJ. IJ. sunken riM-li* ncur, M-. curriMito, M_' .im»rtnk, %»« I'l.HM-HHion '»'*7, VW. W. W'*. I'uifpt ■» .%!■.*. '>-it. \Vt. \r:. 'fcis. "A ^T. .v.m. .V.ty, Cl»nr. '■>. ItM-Blltn-* wlu-re nin .'W., IJt. .V". Soulb llay buoy. IJ*". (Iircilntt ■ Ui vp^hpU in ixiMinK "-'"' bcnnriKv ami ilintanec^ to nflK'blNirint; obiectt. -Ti^'. .ie|.lh ..f %vab'r nl. 'W, K>ntli \Wtu\ Whilapfth Itivcr. I7i;. fkiiilb Cove. r.r^. near I'aiM- tirrKory. P.C i1rM'rt)N*.'Jl,'X!. Houtb MiWT MI Soutli U baat walrr oil, 1^. • iirrenU. \<* in< r<-njiinK '»i •iir. !*». cny nil •MOillirrn mt\*i, 1^* l»C(innK and •lf»*a*i«»a'» Kp'I II'k*, I*' Totnt * aiii|itM II. IJ Itrotik* t-laiHl l-M Mark. I Htrpet W barf, i-ty. llloMr.ni |{ on rii> U'ariiiK ■ •I «iwlan<^ ti ItilOV on ■MMlllM-nt l^fHl t^ \nK''' l"'Hti*l. I'*i. Itltllt I'OH^I l'.«l. Hm\ Uiwk. IW; INIH'.X. 718 rfti'liu-ul I. r.m.ci'.). i.-,, r.H, n. .•talk SiiTilliiim|>("n SlinnI Conliniioil. hiioy i.i;riil.liini! piiiilinn. -ill. iiiiiu-iii'lii' vmiiilMii. '-l"i. I.ianiiit mill .li-liini.' In I'.iint .\rolln lii;lil-lniil«i'.'.1». Il.i.li-U.i lli'iiil ■-<»' rninl licyri* llKlil-lioH"*'. '.!""■ Nii.ili.liiy ISi.rk, J»i. Niirlh ]*"ftriilliiin''i, -ii'. Mi.lilli- Kmiilli.ii.-'i'i. I'l.ilit 11. .11. I 1 liKlil-liiiuw. '-1>i I'.irl I'l.llll llKlll-lliilWl'.-'KI. I'liiiil Miintiini fi>K-»lii«llp. jm. roK-wlii«tllV-f«l. ilwUiiii-i- lii-iiril mil kii.'Wii. J'"'. SoulliiTii I'liiiii. Sun riihu-iiii' l-liiiiil. T.'.T:1. ili>i«ril>»*il. TJ m'.innil.llii-iil iHiiiliii'i. ~- Siiilttirni I'm-lllr Uuilrim.l. in 11 Siiullili'ii-I. I-"*. S..iilliivi-1 Nlmiil UiiwiriiiSlr.iil. ifi". 'X'A hiiiiUiivriit S4M1I Itiirk. .IM. l-'il, -l-''''- U-iiriiik-miilil'"'^""' fi-'""' "- ' ' ilylilllit-limi"-. I"- l'i..iii..iili.r> Kiiik. .I'lH N.irllli\.-I Si ,ll Win k. :l'i.l. Ilfinlll. Ill iipiM-mmiri' III a ili*imifi'. :i ■ > (li'l.tli ..f wiiliT iir.miiil. :vM iK^uriiiui mill ili«li>iii<- I iKliliiiruin ilmiKirs, Ti:!, siiiuii Kill k. Ill iK-iirmumul .Ililmu'P Iri'iii 1'' ' 1"' U'" I-. "' NUiiiliT l.lmi'l. 111. ILirfiinl Wh.irf, 111. Wl.ili' Kiiik, 111 -imiu-li llmik. Uiirnii'l Inlit ■'>''• 1, 11. 1.1 nil- '■■'■i. K.-iil!rupliiiiil liiinilliiii. ■|'<-l S|iniiiiti l-'lal. H**'. ili«lmiiii (riini I'lK I'l"' '"' lifiuiiiK luiililiilmii'i- Iriiiii !• I HilKii'l'i. ''•'■ lliiilli-y'-i Hill I'liili "' ""' Si.ii.iwli mil. «"'■. -piiiinlitiiwll, I'l'.i. Si. Ik.- Itixk. I'.iiiiliif .\ri lii-«. il'i Spuiill.-H, mi ...l"f'-"«"«""-'-l''>'""l"""' ""'""""■" "*"• unit plmlntj lit. i-M Hpll, (liilitliip, ri-'. rmiiiliill.Vii. Miiyliir ». '<'-' rnyliir • MV-i. i*i>tiltiliv 'iT'i. Uii>vprliiiu..'i''>l. Wlilllill. 'ill Splil Kill k. 111. Hplii Uoik. ilislnnro from (lolil liliifT, rtll. I'lipr I'.li/alil'lli. I'll, ilirilmii'i' rriiiii llir riipi-. I'll. li^.rilKvl. I'.il. Spur .MiHiiitilili. -.'i'.' >;i',.K'ni|.lii.iil p.i.iilliiii, 'JV.I. Siiiiiiiiiiili lliirlnr. IliiiMrHt'llim'., I'.'!:!. Hilillllinli, (Vi:!. ilrHrriptiiili. IV'S:!, riH'kn III ciitrmifi'. 'i-l.'^. Si|iiiinii»li Riiikn. IIiiiiirnCllllul. ivn. Sipmri' Whiti' Utiik, -1*.' liniriiiK iiivl .lutiuio.- fr..lii Tiil.li- Unpk. Its';. iiLihinurrsliillii' ivi'itwiiril.'WJ. sipi.. 11111111-11 WiviT. r.'.l'.i, mil. Sliir Ui.ik. :!.Vl,:l'il. :!."). :i.V.. nituiitiiiii..l.'il. Iil'IkIiI. l-'il. Hizc. ^"il ili'ptli of willi'r iiriHiii.l '.'.I. tii-iiriiii: mill ili-lal friiiii Cri-iiiMil Cily liKlil-liiiUHi-. :VH. I' iiitiiry l;i.i'k.:l.".4. Hri.wii l!mk. :l.'il. loi'iil imiiii' l'"oiir-iiiiU' Km'k. ;'-'ii. HtiiikiMi roi'k tmrlli. Xi\, dfptli iif iviitpr iiroiiiiil. t-'il. SfltrlitliJ. HrlllHJIHT, 'i.'il. sliirr Kiiik. lii'i'" .... ..iiy, r>Tl. ilintmu'r inm shnrr. "iTI depth i)f . vliT on miil iirouiiil. ."i71 . Iii'iiriiii; mill iliHlaiiri'i to iH-iulil'ni'i'ii^ uliji'. |i. *"!. luarki'il liy a liimy. "I. SUUi- la««, ri-fiTfiii-i- III ri-k'iir.l l" iiuli In iiaviu-almii. 1". Slutiiiii. lirriit Canpftr, >'•. sicam-liiml Uiiik.:iiil. ■.ii'.i.;il.'i. '.Iii.:il7.::i'*. Hizr, :!I7. f.ml ^riiiinil. iI7. lii'UriliK ami ili-laii. .• frmii Kniiiiil Riii'k.:!l7. t ri'.Hii'lil liKllt, .117. ili'ptll nf wiltrr lirnllllil. :'.17. milikiiil riiikn. Ill till' «i'«t«Hr.l, .117. SliMiiii-liiiill liiiik, il 1. ilistatui' rriiiii nhiiri-. ^n. lirariiiK ami ili»laiui- Ir.iiii tlii' liKlitli.iiisi-. ;ll:!. -i/f. ill. Strani-liiiiil liiiiks. iiii'. ili'niTilaiil. .Ml. SliMiriiK IlliilV, liray'i llarlmr. Kl Sti-fli'i l.miiliilK. -•i7 Sl.'ilaciiiilii. I'lik'rl S iil.lVJli.r.JJ.iiJl iippr..rtiln"* til. ''-" iiirri-lllH 111. I'.-l. tiili'-. li-I. sli-ihiiiii.in. I'lirl. iV-1. SliMluiiiiiiii Uivi T. iJl kiiiiwii 111 rliamln'rn Cri-i-k. ■■■-I. aniliiirai;!- in fmlit ii(. I'.-l. Sl.-viMii. Flirt. I.VJ. |-.\ |i»l. nil. 111-.'. Miii. Ii>* Slrivarl'i^ I'liint. -•''-. l.i-ariiiK anil lli^lmll•l■ lr..ni ll,.r.i-.liiir r.iinl, »:. r I Mi'iia, Jii-'. ilmrarliT uf Hliuri-, -1.-. ml ilaiiKiTi. JW krlp iii'iir. '-li-. laiiilini;. ■-'•'-■ il.—iriliiil, '-'"'.*. siinki-n rill k-. 'Jii'-. -liTiki'ii liiliiy lii'l«i-rn, JiV-'. ileptli nf iv.iirr Jii.'. nuniriiiK lilM'.i.-li'- liri'ukiM-H. JiVI. liiiUiiln. .'1..!. .Htcwnrl'i I'liinl I. ami nut. Jii'.'. SliHai|iiaiiii»li lilii'i'.'i'.'^. '''■I'-'. .stillwalrr Covi-.-.'i'.i.Ji'iii. , ..i.lni.l. il miiliiiraifP.'-Vill. iin-lii'ltiMi-il.'.''" iiiiiiirinK Hiii'i, Ji'i. niiiiiriiiK liiiuyn, .'ii. iniili-rtiiw.'-'iii" StillHi'll liiilili, --■-'• SllllMcIl I'liiUl.-HI. 714 1M»KX. i? ' b4 Stillwrll Voml ( omiiuir*!. hrlKlll.>I. iN-rtntiK itit'l ilittntiif from Iti^ ( « itUh. i'^l . I.iillc Kivrr llurUtr Z'^l. Hlrt Mil iHtTtIi«isl «i.lr. ."'•1 St. .11 \ riiiivei-. . hurt ilK«-'>t'*. '■ Sl*»iil« lnn.«'ii, lit' niiv :i<> xituiilhill. >llV Stoii> riiiiit. SlioHlwHif-r lUy. i:<«. tU'H. riU>l. »> U-itrinu tiii 17*1. I I'.uilHll* r I'uint.CM. >irnn.» luittiitiit. S^-* Mr.»it o! .Iiiii. lU' lMi.;i. I'.. III. (1^. {:■.'. i.M.:-^.:>l.l.Mt..r.l7Ms \'v'>i S'.'*!. y.ny, «iluati(iii, M**. (le-M ril'ctl.M'*. wiMtN mill riiin,5Jt>. furrt'iii^. s W. ril.l..r.Uu'ii» in.'J'iTi. -^.iitlur). ^hort- of.'ilil. iiurtliiTii *Iiiirr of. Vl**. IwnkH tui>l tiilf ktl|t tn V. !. V>4. ciiiiiiiu'U unit (itruib> *<( I'lpluriMl. VVV :►",.%«('. V>4, Itilot l*w«'. *»7V. Mrftit. Kari|uim"« 1?-'. Jl". JtUJtJ Jt^J^^. -Irnit.UmtiM.n. 177, 1 Ty. l?«i. InJ. l-*!. l-c.*, Jlf.. JA :->, :41.J4T. r-lritit. Kosttrin ^ Ms.Mi. Vt*. Vrft.'iTJ. SlrHwUrry llay, * yprt'*« Iwlaii'l. VV'i SlnrU Kivi T UV|. stri|M.i pcjtk.M* '•-'('.'>.'■■' \::. \>i .\t\nii mul tlintiuuf frmii I'iHur l*i»ntM'>. when fMrii,ft3V w hy iiauH tl..VJ»i Stuurt I»l«nil Cmml il" Hftni. W..Wt. S73. «lrs4ri»»tMl. W* ►;f<'k:raiil»n-al |H»*ilntii *»'•'.> Stu.irt P.iiiit Ivl, 1*1. Mur^n'on ItHiik f *tfurt.ii*, '>7'.* V**! . 'C-i. • U-* ril-*'*!, ^7^^. (li'iali of wMliTon, '»7:*. t urn'iilB. ■'■7'.'. Suldiiitniip V»llfy..»v. tlO. N('W|Hirt lUy. 3ri. I'nint Miigu M. MuMIi* Point M Piiiiit Mu« "'iiie '•-'. >iitiit l«lun>l i.W' .U* llari-. VV*. w* ->:;i. Stni.it L'ttf ■ '<• ...w'.n ) Jtlulic*' iBlaitd V.J. >*ig ir 1 •Mtf IVtik. HhiiIh ( rii/ i '-*'' HiM-k, Xtl. 111. 31 (. til, rjii. ft|>t>l tM siitinr l<(Mif lU>t-k I'oiiii Iti'ytn. I'.** Sui-Mi iU}-. 'i;!7.^U il**. tlt*SirilMil. '2tL (' ;>tti »f x%ater, Jit. mi'U I" th<' niiviK'.»tii>ti '<( JU. (iftiltiiK iIirtH ttuii'« fxr, il'i. Suuiiiu ('rrek.:fl-'l, ^4f>. Iiuu> 2i^. 'il''> >ui|>'iNr. I>«riii,'il\ JM. •^iilphiir Tenk ill. Humiiitl of UkIkc :rjO. lM'«riii|£ uimI iIuImii*-«' rrittii < jipi iHforit f,»K S\m%,'% M.oitit.tih Hv. iMur^itK it'i'l 'li"!*'!' • from stimtiiM Uiv* r U'C. •^iir ruiiil. II). iri. im. 1 M. I tJ Iti. Ill l^-^.Ml IVi. Siir KiM t. l-ii. luichuruK*' t -I tiuw to rem U. I ;>. K«lM'**ur, ] a. 1>euriii»£ mull •ll^ nrue frMin I'nlnl Sur, 1X1. MiiiKiiftit \ iiriittM'ti I :| Suuin .l^l|/•ll/, wli»l*-r. l'»i. **'•« SwilV* I<*laiitl.('(irtr« |ljii)k.7i). SwilJUTHl'Inilr -"l! lot til tirtiiM" for \\ I'Hiport. l**.*'!. Suit/, r t Kork ■-•'.» I. -".H. ••I/*' -VM iHMiriiiK itinl ■ll'*latH't* from \Vi«il|Hirt . L".'!. lh'|ltll of WltttM Itlntitl- ."'I «liinl Im'ui-Ii iM'rtr. -.»l (•n'«-kN hiltr inllr .lioI.iMl Ml foul hotlotii iH'Ini-.ii MmU til- I'.-iiil iuhI -.»1. *»> lopmli t'rrrk 'i-t.% ^vni>p«i!» of tlir I 'uikU y Hliij'iMiii; I*' ' '**'». T. r»i.i.' iiiuir 3.'i, l■-'■J..l.■:...-> thNtHll«t' frttin (':i|M- l-oi llMUItiit-til iKiMitiiiii. jM» r»i.if ij.Kk.ir.' Ix'ArtiiK Hh>l (lii*tnii«t' frxDi \i>t-ilU- l*,»iiil UimU. Ul>. -OtlHl llill lllllll. Ill Tnl.lr Hi.' k.:!T'.i, .Wl. I'J, ;«(, IK'.. tU-H. rlU'il, l"-.' Niinki-ii tlitiiL't'i'* iii-itr^i.'^'J. iH'HniiK* »"'• »Ii*luiii . ^ ti' iiriut'lHTlnu Tin k«,-'W'.'. kt-iji iu;»r. ^-'J known itn IU'mI'h UJ. full) ifrtiiiuil liriHiixl i^'J l>rf»k n..rtli <•! ivi ,li-i>lli oT uutir itl( NlltllttllHt, )'>IT Kt'tu'iiil tlpMTiiilinn, ''IT iiiiliiiirliK. r,i;. liili-n 81, 61T. rtiiinmit I'Miinei'ti'iiiti, '>1T. • liuit »tfl lit, .{. T't ."H'l '•l»-i»iiiiilit|i. wrn'k ,tf, I'l^ htliki'iiili h Inek. 4ii'. ilmluii. f fr ;, the l'iil|>,|Wiill. (Ill I'ltlikil.lUll Ijiki' \'f>. iKlilnli'iiCrevk i.iiir..rt.i..i«i.i. r,TC. TnliiiiMU UiiiiliiiK. Mmiiu ll«rli«r>l (Imiuii-I , M. T»h. I'uJiil, MimmI . (an. 1. '•r>. '..1. f.ll litir .HI. iw»i iiiurktii li< II liii" i-O*. ili-plh iif »uUi nl '.»' Iivariiii; iiikI ItiH kn. •:». I'.Milntiillii't MUilI. Cil. TkUoa l.iikr. •'- HttV. trw •it'iiiii "f. a\'' Tiili-^ill ■'ll.iUl. Wmit" It"«rt Mmi'I. •'i, M, •«. ,1. i> tiU'il 'i| Tiiiiiiil IikIikiw, I'll. Tiiiiinii. ,1. M.iuiii i6i,i«i, i«:, ifr..l«iry oiu-.l. .Vi iwi.i.i 1 i- 111 rnii^y I 'r<-i'k.<'i>liiiiiliiu ltiv«r i''*y imi.y I' t r..!iiiiil.l:i Uivfr liii. Ii'.; Uiirliiu mi'l iii»l»iii-<' friiiM Ki.i I .lUvi'iii 4"*'. . Miriiilnoir I'" rm..,.-ii Muiiii.M i.M7,M« ^.•".vl■. hIIimUmii Ml. ||.■~■rll«•iltliM.ril»Ml,:.ll, I'lmriKli-r "f li^til Ml. at' ""'I liiml iil'\ l-.iliilil.v. Til I. f;i>i>^ril)>lil<'iil |>oHlliitli, Ml. lutiKiirtK xuniiiinn, M'. iK'iirliiti mill •lit.laiiir t.i(M|i.> (irf.inl li|,'lil-li(iiHc,.'.ri. (iiif liri'Kiiry Imhl Imiii«i'..'i1'i. Ya<|iiiii>l IliFiiN linlil li"""''.''!''- lilluMiiMik Unik lik'lil lii.usc. jl:>. ('ii|ii' |ii»ji|iiMiiiilni> hi liglit li'm^.c. 5ir. Ciirr.pll l-lc-l •.!'. nniilillii U.Ml', .M.-.. ( .11.1- lli-iill linlil liimw.'il'i. I'oiiil ll..iiillii.M'>. Owi'ii i'liihl.M"". I!iu'i' l{iiik» IikIiI li(iuai'.5l.'>. Kollkili r>»lit '>).'>. foK!il|timl,.M'>. nalii*'^ fur,.)l'». Tayliirs Cn'i'k, I'l.r' .VnKi'lcs.S'.T. wlmrf.WT. (I.|.lli ..r Wiilrr.'i-T. Tnylcn 1 >pil, l.uiiinii Nliui>l,.'iiv-;. ToBwIiit II. ml, r,i> .-ilil..vij..->al..-.n-i. Iirnni.niih.l (halaiii'-fi'iMi I >.>..lriiilinii Islnlul. r>, m. Ilo, IIJ. I.l'i. Ij:. IJI l^''. • »'■ i"- '*''.••'"■ "-'■ "''■ '■^' 1^'' '"I ''!"■ •I'.-leur'ipli cul.l.-n in Sail Knihcisvo l"iy. |.iM.alUf« fur .l.iuiu,:;.' t... i.r. T.-l.'KiMi.lillilllTl.lT'J.l--' -"■■'■ llKlil.lTl. liiiii-liull, ITI. Tfim'.ii'ii ii :iii. •ri-ll.|.i-nllnr,- ..f H"' I'ir iumI « lllor alollK ll"^ «C11-I.<.linl, .... ol.«TV.-.l ,n..nil.ly i...„,K-mf...- frnin Is;.: 1.. I^v,,,l s.,., I mn- .iHi.,,. ■::!.%. from KT to iN'il.iit l.o« \iiki1ik.- '■'• friiin l-'T^l.i l»s:l.iilNni I lifu". '-'''■ tou>,H.r.Uur.- ..r II.- wal.'r fr„i,. Vm-^' >a„ l....:.- U> -:>.. I' ">"■ Ill ( .ir.l.'ll llunk.ii.. ■IVnf.'.t i!..iW.HI. iHUrii.K iiml .liKlui..'.'- fr..Mi liK-lit-li'.""'. ■"•• l',him»l!.Mf,;)ll. ili'l'lll "f "illcr UMj.lii I. '■: I TtMiTiiilf Cr.iU. 4.'.. «i.llli. II'.'. ,li,l,.n.-.-rr..ii. Ilfol.ill.a.l, W. riii|H|..nl. Kmr I'"'. T.-i.M'l'■r.ll)■.. Ten M.I.- mv.T, .■7:l,.".i".-'JI ■-■''-■ "" ptl/c, -'.*'. Iiioull. I'liiW"! Ill Kill. .11. .r. J'."l. Inl.'l III 111.- iKirll. ..r. ■-".«'■ Ilnliict* fur, -'". cimil-liili- Iriilii, •"*'■ Ten Mill- Hivi-r lu-iuli, '."JU. .U-HiriiH.I, ■-'••>■ .Upll. iif " ttt'T tilT, ■-"."I. I Ml .Ittl.K' 1" "'f' -'■"■ Till. .«-'«**■*■ '"^ T,-.,.,ii...i..... i',iii,i,ii....'r-<'.'i."i. ''"■'■'''■ Tprruii- l'..llil, II'' , , . 1 titi „,,,.,« .....1 .l.-l«»- """' -"'" ' •""■ li«''"»"""'-' ' ' ■'■ ,.»v«. ri.ik ..I .,ii.|.llo..f, 1M. riiiri..." r... I it".i« It fiillik.'ii r. . k \n-> ii,. .,r. ui U'lirli.K ..I .i.iisiini.i rt..iiiiini.i I..."'"' :M I. hl;;.%.i'.'.''||' liri'ukiir^.lll. Tlilrl.'.ii-f«"i Iti.ik VI iKiiriiii! .'i.il illtl"..'-' Il.irtiii.-fi rl U.ick -('oiillnucd. krlp mirdic.f.'.sl. .Irplll iif wiilrr 1)11, Wl. 'Ilii-'ll,, -liMiinr. (.iilcri'il till- KliuiiiiUi in IH.(7,:ili llin.p \r.l. II. ...ks. |:!l, |:l."., l;i''. ili-laii..- friHii Tlirii' lili.tlliTs. ITi. ili-s, iil.i.l. ITi. Tliri'i- llr.illuTK i;..i'k!i, i:il, l:ri, |:(.'.. .liiliiiiri' fniiu I .ipt. ,Mturi:M, i^."}. BlLirc. ll".. .l,-,.|il....l,|:ri. li.w r.i.kM luMir. If., I'hri. Hills, Ni'.all I'.ay.ri.'l. l.iariiiK anil .listiin.i- I.I Waa.l.l.ili l»laii.l,.'iii. rlir.c I'l.-.. I'.iii.l. (■.iliiinlim liiv.T, I'll, H'.l. . Iml.lii'l n.-ar, l.'.l. .Ii-laiii'|. rniiii Aflnria, liH. TliumpHiin riivr, Aii.lurwiii l,sluiiU,'i-l. 'riiiiiiii.s.in. r.iint,')ii-s. Tliiiii.|.wi. lilvi-r. Tisl, I'lhur.ii, f.iii.l.isi. ■rKl..n.ir .^ |{... k.:!7"i. ITU. Ni. ;i>il,:!sJ. :K!,.ls|,:is.'>. ill«lai.ir fruiii I'liriorl.iril Ili.ail,.r7'i. Hizi". '17'i. ili.|illi .if waU'r aril. 111. I :17.'>. Tiilv 'l'alilfs,cx|ilaiial.iry ii.iliv'i, Ti.liK, I'aiinr...a.~t,',.. I illaliiii.ik tiiwii. II". riii.ii.iiMik Hay. r>i., i:!i. I.:.-.. i;i7. iiJ. iii'.. l.i'ariiiK a. ..I ilislaii. r fi'..in ''ai"' Mearc9,4:!7. ili.»,vil..-.l. i;l7 n|i|.('araii. I' w iirii iil. least ..f I'". a|ipriiiv. Ii.» fri'f 1...... .lanniMS. I3H. .Uptll nf water, |::s. ariu,.tl..<. lirt'akrrM, |:iS. iiwidi' Hlniri'-liiii'. i;i-H. IllHlVB, li'.i. wiilinB'liro.-li.ius. Il'.i. ihIik. i;;.. iU'*ripli.ii.K..I'>'ttrlv vt.yiin.-rs, llii, iiaiiit'M for, I 111. iliart.H.if, nil. Tillalii...ik ll.-ail, W. lu-i, 11.1, ir. l.-.l, l.'.l, l-.s. li;-, I'.'.'. 171. lIl-lMllM'll ll.'l appriuiiin.- at a .lintaiiff, ir»- (..asl liiii- 11. ar, l|i'>, Ki.iurai.l.unl puiili..ii. 117. .•iianii. 'a' variatiiiu, 117. ^ llBlit-l ..111..- mi I'ii.iiiW. I!.ak,2:.i,,17'.i.:i..v.. Iin. IJO. IJIM'.:.. 1-. 41,1. HI, 111'.. 117, r.l. I'.... I''.-"'. 17-., l'.«.,'.l'>- ilfK-ril>.-.l, 117. clinrii.nr uf lii;l.t. 117. an' an. I In. .it .'I' vi-iliility. Il<. «,..ima|.li.i-..l|...-.l..a.. lis !i.ai;ii. Ill- variali..ii, lis liearilii.'ii"d'li»la,Kol.ii a,..- Orf..r.l licht-li,..isi.. 11... I'ai... (ir.-u.irvliKl.t-lK.iisi-, H'-'- Vnipiiiia ll<.i«lsllt;lil-l....is>'. •'■''.'■ ('a|.i' l.....k...il. II'.'. ( ap.. M.-ar.-.. 11'.'. Call.' iMilf.in, II'.. I'oiiit .\ihini» l.«lilli..ii«'. "'■'• I apr |li»ali|i..ilitlii>'iil Lltllt. H'J. Cap.-Sh.ialwali-r 111;!.! H'-' TiltousU Ul.uul liflllliousi', ll'J. fiii^-Hiuiial. -Its .l.iim.Ts. If*. ln»lr.i.li....st.. vcs-.-ls. H'*- li>.lr..Kra|.l.y "H. H''- l„i,.llall. H'.l. iiain.'S, ll'-i. ,iia...l fi-iUiir.'s ni.rlluvar.l ..f, l'*l. Tiinlar l'.>vi',i'.'... k. i).. -y*'- Hiv.ll, 'Jiiii. ^l.iir.-liiu'. '-I'"- Kiiiikrn niik. ^iii. nut. .mm lint's, '-i'.!*. ! Tiiiili. r I'.iiiil. I W. l:l'.'. fr.ini I ap. I'rf.iril lit! l.t.lJsl. riiiU. r llarl.i.r .Santa I'm/: lalan.l, .S7. 716 INPKX. KlH' *|:f ' 'i Tlmnn Ilivrr. T*. in\i.i,-f..r I.Ik l{iviT.r< l , lliiv Ml Vill IhIhhiI (".:l. Tomi'l"* riMUii"iilrt i.Ji.MI. p4»int« in. 1- Tiikf. foliit, slu.iilw.il.r linv. IT''. t'lV t~ ilfwriU-.l ITT IxMrmu tiiul ill-t«ncf fri.m tlir liuhllion-.v ITT^ LpmllxlUT I'oiiil t... T.'lciik I'i'Mll '>".' 1» iifiiK »n.l .1 .l.ii.v fr.i .1 lH"u.i.:»i.l. .«'.'■ I luiiuiilp.stl. ilrpili ..rwalrr.:»vl. ! iiijc..»il I l«illiiin,.'iii!. 1 urrtMitM. ■>'* Tiinii.li- Itay, 1'«i. I'.n.l'.'.', J'-'. -■•'.-><■ .•\l nintn'ftrlio*. -'i'^- iihiiri'«. iV) lidoii -Xty fotiner nrtiur* fo-. ^'\- liili.il!li>|il>V of 111!' .iil'.nir.iM. T.iiimii- i'..iiii.i'.'-:. -■!- 51' r-j .r>4.»:. ^h'Ti- Itiii- from I'liinl Hi-Vf*. Jl"! ilr-M tiIh'iI, -1'*. roi ky iilft m-«r. 21'-'. lli-lnirlli'li" (or viwcl" fnim tin' iiorllinnril if.!. Coiwl Mnrvry ulntinn iiii.jr.'. m-.icnililiii-nl |«»ill"ii of. .'I'J lii«i:l'i">l ili»Ulii<- 1" IT"i>l H'-y" li«l>l-l"""«' -■" n,..iiu.i n IB. !/.!■■". I'liii.I Vrillii linlit-liii'iM' i'l". Kiw^mti iiiiiiiP, -*■'* TiiliKii'' IN. int. lnluiiiliM liiviT. II'.'. r.«.4f..'. K'.i l« iirinK mill ilnlanii- from K.irl >lov.-ii«. •"•-• <'«[«■ litMupl.oUiliiH'ril linlit. !'■'-'. ilixriUil. I'W. 111. li ..II If.J I'hnniii I Imoyml. If.- •Uki- liitlit. «'.-. T..nKiiP I'oMit. SIniii.l I'l-ak. '>S> 'Of- Miiikcii riKk oir, 'O. liuiiy. .VJfi. IK. am horaitf. "'J^'. I iirrfiilp 'iJft Uarmgali.l ili-lttiic- "f t'""y <'»'» •••I" """'' llKlitll"'!'"'. ''-'<■ .\iiK.I.» I'.Miil ■.-■'• Nr«r l)iiiini'"ii»» lijilil-iioiw. TonlplP Slirat, 3«V l.iL.y Jl'i luariiii.- ai\.| .li»laiii'«« from 'J4.'>. TollKiti- *(■ I llr:i\t"ii llarlN.r, '.T'i. Ke.1{r;i|ilil.-ul I...I.I11..I1. '.::. Ti*n.|inii I »IM' IV. T,...rii|.. Ml. Mil 11.' r.T r,.«..r U.K-k .PC. K« T..».r. aiiait of < ..i,tir«-» lu n liiliim I.i ;ihi- ...i-irun;, iiuii'Iht inn «'"' plai'liK of. '-'•3 lonn M«-rli-.-li Itl I'V.. Ar. a.lia f-i> .^r.^lA :-"J ,\rr..y'» lirnmU', I'C AMla. 1"" lla.i.loii. Ml. .Wl. llriK-^-iKirt. 47'<. Hill k.niM.rt Tin. fH*|iHr. 'JH6. own. CaKlroviMp. ll'i 4'ayiii'afi. 1 17. C.-iitrrMlli. ill. •.■Jl,:a!. naiiHiilo ••»! i'lirtiin.iwIiV (ll«•^•.>l.^■J".^.'l '•-■■.;. ('.•iiiii«.«ii (■ii.,ilill"l ily :'.'". I 'ii«iiiO|ii.liH. I"*!. r.llPli.l.iirKli.lTll. Klinii. I**! I'.llipl". lily.llW. Kiin'ka. 1J1 KloniiiT. Ii«''. I'limu'«villp, -Tl. I'n-iiMirl.iaw. CoitilMirr 4i>l lliliii l.-i llliloiillMlll' i^*. llii|ip.">'«l Ho<|ii.niii. I«l iMi. Ilumliolill.ti' llytli-'lilli.'^'-l Kllx-'illali. '.«.«. Ijii.llaw. IM Ijinitli y.Ml I.uniml.'Ol.STI. I.yliil.-i..r.:l. Mnrkliam. ^*^. Mrl|tU"Vllli-. ■.!'*•■ MtiiilP'.niio. Wl Ml«..lvvilll^^>t^. Muikillrii.V.ill. NariilUi 471 \ax arrii, -7" Niliut... 114 N, wpi.rl II'.. 117. Ni«|imUy.f..'l '■i-M. < ink l.inil <■'«'' (Inli.wii. l.".'. I).M It 'i"'-. nv-l.rvill.-.4r. I7r. I7'.', 4'*0. I'lijiiro 14'v I'liik.r-l.iiruli T.»i IVIri.liH i" I'lni* lirovr. -•VI. p.irt Mnili-.ii '"1. tjlllln'lic 'i^t'i Uallili.lpll. Ml. Itnir.iiliv 471. Sahnil" II'' Sim |ilrt;o -il San 1.111" ' '1' 'I'O. 11- Saii MliiU'-l. 111. Sun Uafa.'l Wi- S* ..tt-lioriili 4o4. S.'liiiiiiP "iT". .''71 Sliarou. 4.''l. South r.«'ml. 471".. s.iiiih|~irt TJ" Sli-lla. .Hiln. ••-t' '■'■-"- ''■-'• Tilliuiio..k.4|ll. T..ii':tn riilontown.M). ri«ala.ly.'•'••' j Ti.« "■"•'"> I'orl.'.'v' '.'■'-'.■•>•'" 'I'.'V.l'-iJ. • Tramp llarU.r. Maiiry |.lai..l.0i:!.«15. •rraii.|iiill.iii MiiMiitain 1'"' l"l- Tra-k I r.-.-k rillnmook Hay l.tl Inliliv I'.. ml,'''. II • f ■ i INUKX. TIT I Trlul Maiiil. ••!'.. MT.MH.MtO. ,l,...ril.i'.l. :>'■». U.lp ••'•"■ Triiiiilu.l Inwn. IW Trini. 1,1.1 lliiv -Jl .IJ-. tU. illllillloll. ■i'\. till hiiiiliii 'ImiK'T" in iippriKu 111 ■«, :V(I. niifi- iiininiir um'liiiriiKi'. 'H tjfiiirnl .li wripl f ■"liimlii, 111. riii-ky i-irti in llif '•**>■ '-''■ iippriiiicllfi. "i^II. iliiiiurii. ■I"*. Kiiiliiiu iliri'iiliini, :UI. ti.lrH.:ul. ,l,.,„v.ii.li.y, '.i.-. Iiyilro^iiipliy III lliiMililii-..ililii-< .ni-,, hull. Ill iiiiliHV Mil. • lull 1.. if, -M- Triiii.l.i.lll.M..I,'il.;.l.;l.>-!l."". -I'' '•''•■ liinriiiK .iii'l .li-liinii' 111"" ' "I"' MiMiilii. inn. 01. Iliiiiiliiil.ll r.ili. ^.1. It iiiitiil.li' fi'iiluri- ..II 111. ■■.lii-t. .►!!. .I..|i|li i.r wiil.r iiii.li T l.;i~r 111. nii-kv i«li-l«iilV, i.il. |i«li, li„„-|..:lly:el. 1^.. 1--.'. i"'. ill. "'•■■•■''<. •■■"■■•■'"• nitiiiiti. 111. ^1.11. .■tmnirltTiif liiilll. ll'i. iiri. of vi«ililliiy. ■'•■>■■'. limit 111' vHiliilily. .tl''. K....Kriiiilii'-»l ii."ili.'ii.^l.l-''. iiiiiKiii'li.- \iiiiMli..ii, :^l.'i iH-iiriiiK 11". 1 ili-t.>ii"- 1" I'.liiiil ■• I!'-''!' ^•'*- II Iiiil.li Imhi li.iiisi.aTi. Iliiiuiiiilil' wliniUut; liii.iy, ! nil f.iK r'iKiml.'"*'. m'ciilKliiry «liiti..n "" H"' i"'' 1^ '^''' KCUUTUllllllUl IHlHlli.lll, '->■* ilOT,K„.,i Miuii.lMiK- l.i 111- winuvuril, IW. lanillitll I.T. "'I. Tni, 1.1,1,1 l!i^.T,!.itllf. Wl. I'niiily k;i.l.l iiiiiii',-!-".'. Tniiity Miiiiiiiuin.'^l'.i. Iii'IkIiI. :>.'<'''. l»-Hri.iK""'l'li"'""'-f""" ""''>■ '■""''•"•'• K..|.|{riipliii'ill |iii..ill.>n. tW. lllliil ..f M^lliilily..!.!'.! Tiiiiiiy ItiviT. il'i, rr...ll l.ilki-. I1I11111' f.ir l'<'^'l''* • "l^"'' '-''• ■r,ilik I.iik.'. lii'i. iliHiiiiiii- fr.iiM 111.' riii|..|.iali Uivir, li'>. I'Biltk.Mrt ItiyiT. lii'i. 11". liililHili! I.r 111. mill l"'> lliiiiii' ..11 Hlalf iim|v I".'' Tikul-ik.. I'lmil ll.io.rHC.iiiil.i>l.'>. r«H.«.../, KiviT, Miikkiiw U.i>,'.ll. riiliihli llay '■'"'. Bllllllll.." ""I. «iirli..nii;i'. ""I. iiiiriuK.' t" iiiiirki-.l liy lmny.-,fOI. lllhllili lirHrrMlllo".''" I'liiiilKi Nlmi.l.rmml ill- lliir...".'i'>. liliiili.. It... f.li.iU lift iyork'la. ■';•*■ r.iiiumt'T, .i-Hi. iVi^. TiiLiliiH lri...k, LW. liiiiiiil l-iillil S'l. ,,..,.,i,n; ,,,..1 .lisltt.i.v rr.Hii (upi- llrCKi.ry Imhl-l.uuiH-. |u,,p.T'il:."k..W.i, Kivunplii."! |Mi«ili..i".f-i". luiiKiii'll.- MirliitUMi. I'«i. Turku I'oiiil, .KLiliri-mi Nl.ili.l.f.--'. kn.mii :"• I nI.' I'.iiiil '.--'. Turn l;... k, r'.li. .lu.iii I'liiiiuiil, VW iiiiirkcl !•> ir.iii i-pHiillf, -Wi. ilft-p wutrr .il.Mliiil, '»"^^. Turll.-» l»l''l.''.'tl«. «i/..-. tw. licHrmi; i>iil .listttiu'' fr.ilii U.H'ky l'..liit, ..'*. Triiii.laillitflil l»'ll'«■.■'•^'<• .l..pUl "I wi.i.'i ar.iun.l.'Vl.''. Iir.-akrf ^i- imiiinl l.y. ».W- sll.jill.l I..' Ki*."" w"l'' !»■'■"'■ ■^''■ 7ii.>,.iriM'.i, I'littnl SliitcM •.tcilluiililp. 11,7". HI'). Hi.llu.lmK.. ..r, I l,'.T,7ii. :<:>. W: 1 1.>. i:i'i. LV.. ■:^'*. -Tl, H". .W, •IWJ. :i'«l. til, .'<•.. I'wlii IVak«. i:iii. lirailiu; anil ili^lam'.' fr.iiii l'ii.ilni.s lilaiieaa, 1 1". Rppi.araui r at a il|.^talui', l.'in. Twill IMik I oy.', 11". Twill liiiik. :i-«. piijoiani. ini*i.li' .if. '•'t'^^ I'yliT lli«lit. .Ii-I»"..' fi'.i" I'.iinI lliMi"i'lt,'.l7. iiiiiluiraKi' ill iiiiilliw.'Mli'ni part, '.i7. Uol|> H.iiilli aii.l .11-1 '.IT. Tyli*r ('..vi'. Saiital'ru/ Nlaii.l, '■T. Tyiivi I'r.ik, Cray's llarlmr, Wl. I . rkaliCr.i'k. :17J. liiial iianii. SayilKi' I 'ri'i'k,:17:l. il.-plli .if iialiriill. 17 1. iliai.nl. r iif 111.- »li..ri. iiriir,.":!. Ui'LHiaplliral p .r.UI.111 .if "i.Milll. 17:1 I'll. .11. I'. rnuililla li.'.-l'. l-latl.ry U.i.k-,.-*|-i. .-."-.:.»'.). M-.. yvry ilaiiKiTiiiiH. .''«i'.i. 1 riiiK.."'l'l'-l"n.-'fnaii ral....»lil-lan.lliKl.t-l...n->' ■ll'i. 111. .limn.'ri. wi-Hl ..f, ri"..!, sailiiu; .i|riiti"iii>. '."'.' wlu-lliiin !'"".'•'.''"'' l,i.anu«a,..l.li-la.l,rl..rap.-l-|all.-ryl.^l,l-l,..us.-....U. I liiiatilla lt.-<'l.."ili'. (M'll lilan.l, .'.!". l'ari..U l-l.'l,'il". I'lupiiuali M.iuiltaini, 111", ml I'm, alili.vr, ;7ii.;-«. I'll. !"•'.■ l"7 1i'J. I^IM--- I iia»t-lin.' fr.iiii Ki...- I.ay. H'L II.. .1.1111!. r- fr.iiii r.n-Mlk' (reck. Ui. Hil. Ml. nil ml 'l',iia,",'„K."aml .li.-U'l-'i. ..fuLaitli fro... < ■ap.- nrfi.nl li.lU. I"l. CuiK'tiryuiuy liKl'l. I"l- l.iir. lii-J ili'pth i.f wal. r 1)11 IH'J. aiilH III iiayi«atiiin, lu.; liii; Hi-rv 1. »•, 1"-. wiiliiii; iliri-i'ti.."*, liO. Imlil II..M.S1'. II" .l...tr(iy.'.l liH. t'.iii.sl Miryiy Klaliiin". liO. K.-,i,;raplii. al p.i-itimi. H'i- inaKUi'll'' v.iriatii.ii I" I l:';n,!;^a...l.l.-.^ l-.u ,.,..1.11. .,,.■«,„■ , I'm. li' Vl.f's l.aii.liliK. -7'* . , ,,-r I'l.aniii; a.i-l .l.-l.""'-' '<■'"" ''"'"'. ■^''""' I":'"-'"""'''' -'• ro. ky i..|iiiH'.'-7'.. il.-ptll.if \val.T,'-'7-). lu.iyiliK l.iM.ys. -7.'". I 111. in .\iina- Hay. 'M, 1 ,111111 I. akf,i''i.">. '•"<■'. l'lil..iili.»ii. W-i r,,rini'rtuiiui-fi>i Arittla. :W. _^ lliil l!...k.»'aiial.l.- llar..,'>.7, .'..'-. .'",.... s.ai-..M.i «-^r';'::'r''; s-"'-'^'':*-.^"-*^. |.vi 4Mi, 5j:i, ■'>i-, ill. •■>-■ •►■'"■ ^' ■ v',,i,.!iL.i.--.'.r.'r.M...ii.-ni'--'"''''y'';;;;J-i ,,,i,^„,, ,,, l-iilU-.l Slal.- I..,i..i.lary ui...iu.in"l. uiiimaphua P". nm. r^.|,..s liay. .V"'., VJ-*. .situation '.'Ji'' Sl/f ".''•' .*•.. h>'Krii|>li> of '^x> l«««l Viilli >. .".«■.. :«.« IrtMi.l of t^m«i fniin W'lUiKin'o l*oinl to. J"**!, N*A)iii); iinil ili«tiii>i«- rroiii I «iu' \'t/i-iiiii<>, ."Jrt. • '.■iiil I nlTlllo. JVT. *nii»ll •triiun run* throiith ■*C. ri'l t liMw tn ulioto, "J^iT. .tll4 liorilKc. '.^C AMI liornK*'" from rn|»c \Irtiiforittn lo. W7. riMiliitly ro^*rl. *IPIJ(ttiill. tiO| ni|. lliHlr.. l'.. Vikllr\ . HitliiuAriiu'. ' 'h|h> \\i nilorjno.lln. l><'lK»li> <\". Viill^'y i«ni-hi>r«irr.SuilH Cru* l .T. ."•,». I^ II r. -I.'". li«. ri-v If. ji" Ji^ .'74 .11.' i;i. Ilo t^ 4.'»1, t.n l-V. (!■' Ill 111. IVi w, *>T1', Mi i"j. •.!:. %jn. Ml VI-.. vrr. .%k .'iii. >v, .v.ii. v.« ftii. r.in. f,i(.. ii». Ml . (at. VftlK^ixn cr. l*mii *». Vitii-i. kl< « Mond. 211. JtV V.i.l M..11.I. -.^^. 1,1 li'.lii.r.l 1,615, 616, 81(1. ilt'MTiU'd. ''>n. Kri^KPf^l'liKitl po«ttW>ll ''ill. Viualion. I'.iint. Mr. '.;.', 1.13, MlH, ViiuKli Ai r. VAii(.ouTer UUnil, ,%4H, ."iftl, L'otiriw. Ill Ihr rnlrnni.** lo, r#lM. iiiilriK tiomk to vi.wM>la. -%4M, IciliCf otr 1 ntriiniT M**. timrki'.l Ii>' H tiiioy MM IikIiI-Ikkiih- V> V!I, r.r. 5I,'i. M«. S.V.. iin|i«. cliunuirr of l^lil .19 foK U-ll '.I'l k'l'ourilliilli.nl |~HiitU>li,M'J. "iiiMil riiint lifc-lil. M'J tl.li.«. .M'J I'lrtoroi, »u*nint'r. atrnnilcii. "Kt Vi..;.! I OHO, >Ai.trt llarltiirH rtiiiniii.], f.|. Villa ilf llruiii ifi.rl<. 1 1. Vil'i* I'll. «i>|. lis. :ii. 'iT,-., ST'.i, VC. V«l. .'iM, •m-.i. Vliiii'iilr, Sunln Murin. IV Vliii'ini. I'.. ml. m. w. M II, II. I.-,, (1,. (7 |H, I'l. '.I . rrj, M, 77, ili.»itili...l W r... k» oil, I.'.. \ III. ilil.. Siil.iiinrlm. Vnlley. Hi. \ I run I I "riTk. 2vi. \ III Itoikn. I.uiiitiii l.ilHtiil.'i'.; r.fii/.i «ltt|i. It.".. \ llllU SlllHtl I «. |i>% \ I'l'H H< UialiHiiiltiMl, U II. 17, '.11 Ji", J.I, m, I'.'. Hi 17, :(H. 11. vi. 17,111, !■.» 1/1, 7ii. •I.'*-'. 'i."",'.!!. 1.., II 1. 11,1, 1^1, i,w. Ill, 1 1«. r I'll. I'll I'l: .'i7.r.i,jM.z7i. ii'.i. tp.1. ii>i \ i/.iimo < Ala. JT I. .VI. ?jii, aw, am, ;««i, :tw, \ on lli'lm Kmk, l.'l ilirc.lioii mill il.-liiii , Ml '.lii.lll. ili'x rilH-il. .Ml Wll.lil.ll-a UinillllK. r.J. W i.^,.. ( r... k -"i|. Wnhilhi M..1111I11111 '>.(-.. WnUII < Point l>liiii.l. .'fVI .VA, mtiiiittoii. '.'1.;, kil'iitfrAphifjil iK.Hltlon, '2f^^. Waumii it.'i.r 'jiii •l/r, '.'lil lirHrliiK Kiitl ili«tjiitri' fr.im Wiilnllii Point, 'Ji.l. WilUllll ItlMT, ■.•l.l,.1i.' JlVl .'1.1 i'i.ii«! lim- rroin llllilir Point to. .'I'.l. K.KIcrill.lii.'ill piialliiiti of iiiuiltli of. .lit Holirrf. Jl.l |.«iirM. '.'III. M«(iiil l.itr lit liioiitli. '.'I'.l. \\nllii. Ill IliM r I'lV. Wnliill Point, 1V1. Wiililron Uliinil. CiiiihI ilr Itftro. W. nntliorikKc iirHr, Vjl, \V«||.. NUnil. IVi. Wa|.l|iort town. 111. on M.,yii Kivi.r. 111. Wiiliim l(o< k K.l Wnrili'll Port -«i. \Vit.ouiiil, '.1, .'iW. 1 nrrfiitN. ^W. n;oni.i« for. 'M. i-TtiliiriilioiiN III. Viii. Wnl.-r uliiii^' III. -..It iM.Hr.l ti'ni|»rnitiiri* of. ^I-TO. VVHti-riiittit .V Kitt/. I liiiit HicrntN, ^1. Will i|{li ill 111! l,o|><'/ lii:iiiiil,.'i<'.ll, 'Mil*. 'i&l WiilHilk Point. S.iriitOb;a PiuKAKr.tlfJ . ill«t«ni.«> fr.iin I'^iAt P(iiiil,M>l, •li-rp Miitrr ..II. mil biii.y ..irfiiil Io<.aI IIAIIIr 'inl WiilHi.nillli- town. U'l VSri.llii-1 Inifoni.trn iniliiiitionii of. ;^l|. Uini.rluiii .Hpii l'i.liil,(,, Ulnnil..1«l. Kf'o|£niphii'iil IMii.illoli.VH. Wrll. P..int liin. Wi-pii..-. Inli'l. I'lik-el Sonii.l,r,2fl. Hi. 'ill ■ I. Ii", i INDEX. 719 :, Ki. il twill (iivH in Wwi'oii Ml, Mil ili'Mriiii .l,',i|,'j((, nin\'.in, krip iinMllii|.<.ri. iliillKiTM, \l^ A\'(«t»t't» Ilikiik.Ciiiiiil ill- Miiro, Yi'.i, ili'ltlll lit Vt liliT •ilL.'i.Vl W,-«l I'.iniiiil lliiik. :wi, :wi,,ivj Kl, :ivi. ili-Hiriliril. .l-Ji, lK'iiriiii-'< iinil ■llHliiii. 1 « til iHiKlilKitliii; riiik«, ?,H\. ili'rp « nil r arutifiil. Ini. \\f«t l.iin.lilli;. If.' \Vi*il I'liitit, hiivviiinloli llii\-, "I'l-*. ilmv tiulil-liiiiiMt'. ^'i"*, t'jil. mill. 1H17, iiii*!. r.iii (-,(;[ f,| I cliiirni liT iif liulit. U't\. iiri' itiiil liiiill iif vinlliilltv.iiilli Ki-i>Krit|>liii'til |iiMitliiii. Tiiilt. fiiK MIKIIIll, »'^»,. liMul niuiii', '.'Ni, Went t'liiiit. Hitiilit I'liialiiiii Isliiiiil.Tr Wi'^t I'ltint, Suiitii tril." Iihiiul. 1*1. K'l, KS. 'M\ [r^, \V.M.Iiliilil, Il nliiiiiliil. ^ Wit^ililiilil llili.y iliHinlii'il liri III. iM'iiriiiK iiiiil iliMlniM 4< friMii \\ < Hiil^hl l.'.x l(. iiri liiiw til iivcild iliiiiKir III llir iili.vn, |. ,,i 111,. I V llpll. Wi'Hliliilil l;,„U, icni. III liriirliiif unit iliNtuiK,- friim Wliuli-r l^l,i .1, Im'i llliirlc.-.l liy liiiiir. IIW. W.«t|iiirt .Tx ■."il2'.i| •.".«. fnrmrr iiani'". '-"'■■t. Iii'iiriiiu mill ili,«taii, t' fruni Vrw(.,.i t I niuliin:, -'■*■'*■ ll.'ir» I'.Miit.-.",; I'.iiiil ( illinll.i .".U. ili-HiTil,o.l/~.i;l. Iiiiiiliniirk. lii'M'ii M,iiliitaiii.'.".> I titwti iiiMir. "*l iiti|)ri>iii'lii*i ilifllriilt III il»'siTilic.2'.»:t. I>ii'nk»'r„. .".* t iiKHiritit; linii>H,'_".t-l. illMlCS ."•1. vilmrf. J'.i,!. liiililiiiK Kfollnil Kiioit ill ii)iiitH. J*.):!, loi-iil liiiiihiiiirk.ii liirK«> tuitk/Jli;). Inlltii1. ilintaiiri- friiiii t 'ii|>i' Ki-rri'lii, WVi. lipiulil. Ii>'i. KUI liV'i ilrjitli nf ivatiT near. t'lTi. ilan^;iT'* mar. .'liVS wnriiiiit{ til vt'HiM'U it|i|>rf>ai'litiiK. li'.^i i-ttanu tiT fit'fltitiri' til lilt' wi'HtHanI :'*>'■ \Vlialeli;i.|,i ;iiii. Wlialr Ki.ik. 117. Wliali* Ivrti'k. \"aiuMiiiv*T iHluint. 'il7. Wlmlc l!iKk.*'il, IVi. .IMi. i>i/,-. ;■.!. Hiliiallciti. I'll. • ti'litli nf u'litiT ari 111 11(1, 'tM- iHMiruiK anil illntAiu-i- frimi fn-si-ut I 'ly liyht Iiuiihi'. ;:Vt. Ml. Cii.iri;. , |i,.,.r IimIi, i„„|.„, iieJKlilxiniiK riH;k :t.v>, lirt»ftk*»rK, ;iVi. Wlial.r Nlaiul, lie. liw. II." 110, 111. • Ki' HIT. lIl'Hl 11)111.111. Iiw. Wlialir Nliinil JH'.. !I7, If- nl/i-.'.i;. ftPlH-arHnit' frmn a ili^t^i ri'i'f exliMi'l^i fritiii iMHli-rii ■thmv :i fiiiil tjroiiiiil Kiiiilli, ttr iM-ariiiu »ii'l iliHtani-i' tn Ki.iiu.l l;,>i 1, ainl ( rrsirnl linhl. VVIialiT ^ Kiiiill. 13-. IB". « lull, r It.i.kM. l;iii. It:, 1 :- \\ lialtMiirirH JIarliiir, 1'''.'. aii('liiirfi|{t\ I'i'.i. ki'lp, IVJ. ri.'f. I.VJ. I'litruiii'i* t(i llif "-.Mtli itprll ir^l. ki'i|i. riu. Il...li,,'a llra.l r.i. \\ liarf .Vrnila, l.'' Wliarf. iayii...i<, ll'i. 117.11s. "Iiarf, FlanlRBii'ii.TJO. VVIiarr, llii..|iir »,:n.l.:i:ii. Wliaif I'l.iiii N. IV \i.ar. Ift'i Wliiirlliimr.iliiili«iif.(H.|, llViiiMVi,,, liark. M.l, Ulial.iim, i.illiimliaiii Hay,',7ii,'i7l. Wlhiliiiiii Cn-i.k. lli'lliiiKliniii Hay ■'iTI. Inilian naiiit>,.'li'l. VVI lir.i itiil, l*r. \Vlilillicy riti'il. IHi; Wliiillii.y iHl.iiiil.mrail iif l"iln». 111. .'.|'.i,.-|.-il,.'i,V,,.v.l,riiil. .V*. ,"»'.i'.l. WlijiriTi S|,ii. Vaiii'oiivir Nlaiiil,.'il 1 U liitaiiali lliviT, sliiialwaliT Hay, I7'i, ITT. <7H. WliHki'y Kiin.:i'.r.'..T.i:i. "Iiiti'fliil. 1711. Wliili' I'liiMial Km k. .'.<1. lii-iiiiiiKaiiil iliKtani'i' friiiii iiiiKlilii.rini,' rniks. ::-l. ^Vllit^■ « l.ariiliiiK. II,-). U lull' ItiviT. i;li'. Whitr lliiik. llT.:iH. ^-il.,l'.i liallio for lllril llnik, ^'il. Arch Itoi'k, -I.'i^. Wliiii. Ifiiik. rvc. lii'arliiK mill ilmlaiicu frmii KliilUry liui kH. :.ii7. ili'w rilifil. M-, nii-ki iifiir. .ViT. Wliitr li.iik. .i.lT. m/i', :l:!7. Iii'iulit. ■■ir: ilhtuiai' frntii (iri'rn Kiirk, .TIT. Tniiiilail ll<'ail,:i3T. Whitp H.H-k, .!II. Ik'IkIiI 'III. Hl/r. Ill lii-iinim mi'l ilHtuiiiH-frnin IIIkIi llliiir, .111, Wliitr ll.iik. NlliiiiusCiiyu, TS, -11. ili'Hi-rilwil. T'.t. Wliilv le.iik, l.".l. I'l-iiririK ami ilidlii'i.i' fnmi rii'lras HlanniH linliMi. Whit,. l!,Mk, Hm IwuriiiK' ami ilHtaiin. frmn I'miil Ki'l^'aila. Ii«i. \Miil.' U..1 k. nil. Ill-anil^ ami ili.ilai)i-f fniiii Wlinlpr I.slaml. ll'i. Whili- liiii'k. Kii-arlii Strait rmi. Whltiliy'H l.aiiclni}; amlioriit-i'. Santa Calalina Nlaiiil, VS Iiiti'liiirn Point, riTl, .^T5. ."iTs. \Vliiti'nl..iri. Covr. 2T'.i. foriiifr iianif, :,'7'J. (IfNrnlii-il. ■J7ti> l.'oi'U liimy 'J N. lui*'! Ilnilliir liulit liiiiiM'. J I'.iinI San I'alilu. Jl'. Mulali- I'liii.t. i>. KiMl Itiirk. ■JIM. wharf at San t^iiriilin. 'J.{.s. I'liiiit San S'liliii. ■.'!■-. W.M Oats Hill, ■W.. U illiain lli'iiil, strait nf I'lira. M'l. Willaini'tli' IJiycr |.|. \Vill,iini-tti- Vallry. tiKi. William I'liinI lli'lliiiKhani l!a\. '>7ll liK-ht i.Ti, Wl. Willhims l.anillllK, IW. almmlnni'il. l:iil. WillianiK I'liint. j;"!. nrar INickiuirt. '_*96. nil ilanjTiMM iint.-iili' of visitilc rncki. 2'.lf>. William-. l'iiinl,i;lJ. ill 1 Willi. iin«..n H.i, k.. -1.1 ihwri 1. •.'.1 Willi. unhli.i llii.k. CaiH- i:li/al»'tli, I'.ll, lul, I'.l'i, ■iss imi. Wl. nil-, ll'.t. ^1 IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) I 1.0 I.I >^ liLi |22 ■<^ mi 2.0 i 11-25 lyi 1.4 Photographic Sciences Corporation 13 WiSr MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 145S0 (716)S72-4S03 ^ ^o o^ I ilM) IM>KX. \VtMoMtfli>\v l!«H k 4^l^tlnuell ii|>)ivurunt'(' til li iliituiH"-, i'Xv Willow * r»-.k. IIT. >V)liiiin);l4iii, II «lmr\r'». 4*' pilot ri-^iiliiltoiiH. •'•it . \\ iliiiiUKtoii I liitiiiii'l ili*<»t rilN-il II. Wil.iiinKt.Mi MurlN.r JT l^ W i!iiiliit;t<») I iiKotii) II WiU..!,'-. I oxr Stui ririiH liU' l-titiiil, 7:-*. ilcMTttHMl :i HiK liorHKtv TJ. k.'i|.,:; \Vil(k :Ui iijiiiir iiti SiMif nm|>. tit. \Vil<«(iir^ I 4tittlMi^ iiiti iiortiK**. Siiita < 'nt.ihnii Nhttiil. ''* Wilwiti, Poitil. M,' 'wtl, 't.ti.'i'^*. .%•<'.< V.il.'ivJ. ,V.i,i t.^viij-* WiUoii Uo.k.:ili Ml tlmtaiiit' fniiM KhI'm- Ktiiituuli ( 'o% «-. ill. f 'ri- ii^lit'liotiitiv .>li. 4lt>|itli iif WHt«*r on. tt ; iM'MrniKtitit'l thftlAi.LV lu iiLMghLh^rnit: rm-ks, tit Wil K.M kH.Mi (linN'tioit ainl iImIuiui' from ti >rtli (•omi ..f ^mi \I ,t;iirl.X« I'.iiui II.irris,>'>. hIiohIm '.*'». K<'*'»trAptiiotl ptiHiiion. .*'» UnmIIv known antlio W'r^t KiM.-k, -f). WiiH)ir«t«-r IWiv tnl. |. nmky n-rf. Iirj. Win. hiik laviT. L'C :W'* rw> V.I. U-nrinu Hutl 'ti«tliin*<- I'omt *■! (irortfi-, .tmi. Noitliwr-i - it K.« k. -Vni. i{ri>erHl(lt*iH-riplt<>n ■>''■. H'Htr'ittion lo vi'w^rl" i»loH4t H''^ ■•liort- nenr. ;((li. II •u/ifu-', ■♦hip, UT*Hkriti< io.i<»l :^t() HcMoni otrUti- IhixI .'ill prrv^iltin^ in t>iiniini-r iiorthwrNt. ^b*. Nlrorit; hrfcxt* to ili>*pi I fo^. \ltn. winter wintlii. xonllicaol. J-ln, fffc* !»• of, ;i»it. Kftlrn in< rcAfM- nortliwiird ZiK H'lnfi. ./ '-■.t\ nli-ntu nim> -I. Wii.K' I'oint, TjikI'- Hiirl'oi I'uri. »,lii. I'fktnriK i^tan) « froniCruuk I'oint. 'J^i nmrkt-tl h> krip ''1 Wri-t k i TVV.U. I'ulni Urt-nvllli- Ina. \uli)i< o I'rovinif, U. Y. Yiulmtt ll<-ii wi/t- ll<> Indian \ iitik4{t-n oh. 110. nhorf lint- north. Iln. knou II UH N'lilmlfi, IIU. Valv, IrHM-r Kntr, Anl. Yiinkrr Toinl. IC. iHMinn*: und d^iiuiro from rii-dnwdi- lo"* I,oIhm. IC. WhikUr Kock. I ::. MoiinditiK" i>n. 117. t.r<-ak.r. I C. liindinK- I 17. \ aipiuui * tly, ll^. di^fiihti- from Ihi nioMlli of V.i<|i)itnk IIimt IIV \« ItarvfH and Hjirfhoii-M-*. tl'i \ .npnriii ilritdn :l t. 117. 11- l>I JM-ariiiu liti'l dintuinv from Va>)iiiii \ Ki\t*r, IW. .l.-^rrifM-.l im. dunuiT". 11'.* unchiirii^t* 111*. lUiil hoti-Mv!?* T.itV |(U »)n |iK ipi ll.Mi:. IH.. II'M-'^, l^'» 1-7. iH I Ki 111 liy. IVt. |.v,, I7'», 4'.«i. dcHtrtlH-d ll't. iirrof xiHil.ihty.Ill*. limit of \ i^ihihty.ll*). K*-i>uriil'hii'itl position, IIU. iniitfrii't li' xHniiliot). It'.'. I>*uriiig u.id di^liiiM r to (jpoOrford li^hthon***' | ^t 4'iip«- (iri'^nrv huht luiUM*. 1-1'. , ( tiiixpnih i:)\rr. 1.1). ( 'ii|H' IS-rpotiiii. IJ<>. Ttip.- loulwr.illu'r. IJli. <'ii|M' I ookont l.^o Tillaiuook Itoi k liKhl Ix'UHt'. l.i). r.Hiit V l.iinx lit^hl I •*•' l.M <'iilH' I >iHtippoiniimMit hu;ld-lion Ml'. IJ". (*iipc ^hoiilwat' r li^ht ItuU'o- IJ >. i.ruy * UarlMti 1.*" Tittoo^h Inland luhl t.*<>. Vii'Piinii KiM'f lU \ a.pi>'i'» lOvrr I'ril, l«i'), 110, ll.\ Hi. IMi. t harii- l*T of tin- •^Inin* to thi' <«o>itli **(. Ilil. Htnin<-lini* of I'lilriiii-'- di-ni riho I. ill. wtdth ofM nnttilh lit n'ff oini iitran.f. 111. ihtt nU-d HI hrrrtki-nt on III di-pth ot wal«-r on itnd iipitr, III luarki •! hy loniyn, lir>. riilmnct' lo. 11%. iMir ll'> riirrt'nt*", 41% drpth of wittrr. 11%, inanlf ol drki-rit»ed ||fS. Kids to iia\i>:tttion. IP. pilot ii«M<*«»rtry. 11%. ItKht houor 11% iTroni'oiiint lk>m-la li|tht hoiinv. |n% r.'fl Point liKhi, K% fiNit of Mnrkt t MtriM-l, |l|{tlul, W%. drmrtlieil. l*^\ mIiohI nt'ar lN% H|NtniKX. V '^^l;!x^ \<'M"H IlliUl. Wl. l<« fur, l>>l Yiiiiiiit l»l,ui(l, l!<>«aiin >*|r,iil tea. 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