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IVIaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce k la gAnArosit* de: La bibiiothdque des Archives publiques du Canada Las images suivantes ont AtA reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet* de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimAe sont film . PLBASB KBBP FOR BBFBRBNOB. HABOH Ist, 1896. FACTS FOR THE PEOPLE, NO. 2. " We cannot but view with alarm the l&rge increase of the pablic debt and of the controllable annua' ozpenditure of the Dominion and the couxquent undue taxation of the people under the Governments that have been continuously in power since 1878, and we demand the etrictoHt economy in the adminlHtration of the Government of the country." — (4th liegolulion in the Liberal Platform,) OOnSTTHHSTTS- PAQBa. The Public Debt 2, 4 Expenditure Ini reased 2 •Comparison hi Kxpenditure, 1878-1893 2. 3 Expenditure since Oonfuduration .... 3 Ooii>p»rative fiutement S IncreasH of ControUuble Expenditure. 3 The Debt, Ten-Year Periods 5 Other Debts 6 FAOM. De6ciU S Intureat Goes Abroad 6 Products to Pa,v Interest 6 Receipts from Taxes 6 N. P. Taxes 7 A Double Misstatement 7« 8 Expenditure during Mackenzie's Ad- min'stratiun 7, 8 Copied of thiN pamphlet can be had from Alexander Smith* Secretiwr Ontario Liberal Afwoclatlon« 34 Tlctorla Street* Toronto. ^'^' THB Pl'RLK' DEBT. The public debt of Canada is a heavy burden and a serious drag upon our progioHs, and tiie gross intHtest charyo, ainoiintin*; for the year 1M95 to l8lO,4<)6,294, IH an onerr)iiH annual drain which can only U; reduced by the diminution of the public debt. This debt has been reckU^ssly incurred, and the spending of the money has no doul)t been a pleasant pastime. The payment of tlio debt will bo a diH'erent matter, and will cost 27. This puiii is c(|Uid to a cliarfj[e of S.")() per liead upon each individual in the Dominion, and is a mort^'age of !J10 per acre on each acre of improved land in the Dom- inion. Tlu> not . On duly l.st, 1895, the estimated population was but little over 6,000,000, ,sliowin<,' an increa.se of population during the period of a fraction over forty-twi> per cent., while the increase of expenditure for the same period was J24,fi4(i,00(), or over ISO per cent. The increase of the net debt during the .same periinl was ;J170,4,'54,.").->iH, or 22.5 per cent. Mr. Mackenzie came into office November 8th, IS73. The expenditure for that fiscal year amoimted to S2.'{,31G,316 ; 1877-8 was his last full fiscal year in office, and the expenditure for that year was )8-d,.')().S,lo8. An increase lor the term of only ?l8(),842. For a portion of the fiscal year ending June IJOth, 1879, Mr. iMuckeiizie's administration was responsible, as it held office till October lOth, 1878, making three months and ten days of the year The total annual ordinary exptsnditure for the Domi- nion in 1878 was $23,503,000 The total ordinary admitted expenditure in 1895 38,132,000 Excess of "xpondituro over what it was when Mr, Mackenzie left office 14,629,000 In 1874 the totiil ordinary expenditure was S23,310,000 and in 1879 it was $2 4,4 '> 5, 000. During the Lil>eval regime, therefore, the increase of expenditure Was, during the five year-», only a little over a million dollars.. The total t^ixes collected in 1878 amountcl to 317,841,000, and in 1894 to S27,57'.>,000. Outside of Uixes the revenue bt>twecn 1878 and 1894 only increased by §4,262,000. 6,270; })ercent4ige of increase, 180. Fisheries, lH7h. 993,262 ; 1893, 9482,381. Increase, 9.'i89,119; percentatre of increase, 417. Quarantine, 1878, 926,340; 1893, 9101,954. Increase, 976,610; percentage of increase, 287. Indians. 1878. S^2l,o03 ; 1893, 9956.662. IncrcoKO. 9i'»3'),()49 ; percentage of increase, 126. Militia and Defence, 1878, 9618,136; 1893.91.419.745. Increase. 9801,609; percentage of increase. 12'>. Public Works, 1878, 9997,469; 1893 91,927,832. Increase, 9930,363 ; percentage of increase, 93. b'nperannuHtion. 1878,9106,588; 189.3,9203,710. Increase, 81.')7,I22 ; percentage of increase, 147. Excise. 1878.9215.(124; 1893, 9387,673. Increase, 9172,649 ; porcentjigo of increase, 80. North-west Territories G(»vernment, 1878, $18,109; 1893,9276,446. Increa.se, $2o8,247 ; percentage of inci'ea.«e, 1,420. Civil Oovernn.ent 1878, 9823,309; 1893, 9l,367,.')70. Increase, 9544,201 ; percentage of increase, 0(i. Mounted Police. 1878, 8334,748; 1893, 961 r..479. Increase, 9280,731 ; percentage of increase, 83. The PuWlo DM. The net public debt of Cana8#9ktM The Debt— Ten Year Periods. 1872. 1882. 1892. Net debt $82,187,000 $15:^061.000 $2+l,i:}1.000 Annual interest 5,257.000 7.740,000 9.70^,000 Net debt of Canada, Juno 30th, 1895 . . .$25:i,074.927 Increase of debt during 1895 6.M92,000 Annual cliarjjes, interest and managoinunt, 18!>3 10,020,682 It takes one-half of the total customs duties collected in Canada to pay the charges on the debt. The delit of over $253,000,000 means a mortgacje of over one million dollars on each riding. Other Debts. Under onlinary circumstances Canada .should have developed enormously along with this im'oense expenditure of borrowed money. Besides the increase in the public debt since 1878 of SI 0.5,000,000. the people are in debt to thu loan companioH to the exiient of S10!),807,;)5»<. (See page X, GovernmiMifc blue book, 18i);{.) These loans are all secured by mortgage, given, of couis<'. cbielly by farmers. In 1879, \vh''ii Mr. Mackenzie left otliite. the amount of these mortgage debts wa.s only ^04,781,000. or less than one-third of what they were in 1892 In 1892 chattel mortgages in the Province of Ontario numbered, according to oflicial returns, 20,000. One of the saddest features of the returns was that the larger proportion of the total number of chattel mortgagfs wiis given by farmers. In addition to the loans of which returns are made to the Dominion Government, there were additional loans mad.; by purely provincial companies in Ontario in 1892 amounting to !?0,0;ll,00ti. This brings the t(.)tal lo ms on mortgages, of which otBeial returns are made, up to ^115,1)00.000, secured by mortgage on real estate, and §10,045,000 secured by mortgages on chattels. A meaiuro of the burdens impi)sed U[ion the Canadian people since the inception of the National Policy is seen in the following figures, of liabilities incurred since 1879: Jncrea,so of public debt ^"112,000,000 Increase of mortgage debt 85,000,000 Debt for railway bonds 280,000,000 Total s477,OUO,000 In addition to ill this, the amount taken from the people by ta.\ation in excess of the requiremerts of honest and economical goverHmeut. and for the benefit of private interests, has to be added on, as well as 50,000,000 acres of land disposed of into the hands of corporations. Defloite. It is the fashion to sneer at the Liberal administration of the finances as an "era of deficits," but Liberals have no cause to fear comparisons as to deficits. Tlie fact is that the Conservative administration, which replaced Mr. Mackenzie's, imd a larger deficit in one year thiwi the Reform administration had during the whole five years of its existence. The Liberal Government had a surplus both in 1874 and 1875 of $888,000 and $935,000 respectively. There were deficits in 1876, 1877 and 1878, amounting in all to $4,489,000. The Conservative deficits since Mr. Mackenzie's time have been as follows : 1879 ?l.9;i7.999 1880 1,543,227 1885 2.240,058 1886 5,834,571 1888 $ 810,031 18114 1,210,332 1895 4,163,876 These deficits show that thouf^^h taxation is high sufficient revenue is not raised to meet the annual expenditure. Interoat Goes Abroad. Since the Government finds itself impotent to transact the most ordinarv business that falls to its hand, what ground \h thorc for expecting that it will show any capacity for meeting and solving the great problems that confront the country ? In finances there is a crying need for the reduction of taxatiim, for large and wise economies, for a halt in the piling up of the national debt, for a reduction in the enormous sum that annually goes out of the country to meet the ear. It would not be diffi- cult to trace sonie porti«m of the hard times to this great annual drain. Products to Fay ths Intdrest. An examination of the Trade returns will show that in 1893 it took the gross total of th-; exports of the fullowing iirticlos to Britain to meet what we owe her investors as interest on our nutiun-'J debt : Horses « 223,035 Cattle G,307,44S Sheep Swine Mutton Pork Bacon and hams Beef Meats 20,440 M,705 243,.SS9 2.^«17 907,2r}l Lard $ Tallow 41,!)«2 Eggs 1,370 Buiiey 1,132 Oats 10.5 IVas l,203.(i3T 300,673 live U,S!)0 1,219 Oatmeal 179,552 7-7,047 Apples 185,534 The meaning of this is that the payments from these items of agricultural exports never return to enrich the channels of commerce, but are year by year alienated in the mere duty of paying the interest on the public del)t. What hope is there that the weakling admini.strition now tottering on to a general election will do anything to apply a curb to this wholesale devourer of industry ? There is absolutely no hope. Its past record aliords rione. Year by year the burden becomes greater, and in spite of the heavy taxation, which the people have borne with wonderful patience, deficit has succeeded deiicit, to add to the already heavy interest-bearing debt, making the pro-speuts for a halt and for a change ujore and more remote. Eeceipts from Taxes. (See Ivland Revenue and Trade and Aaviijation Returns ) The following table .show.s the amount of money collected each year since Confederation in taxes, both custom.s and exci.sc : 1869 $11,112,000 1870 13,087,000 1871 16,320,000 1872 17,715,000 1873 17,616,000 1874 20,129,000 1875 20,664,000 1876 18,614,000 1877 17,697,000 1878 17,841,000 1879 S18.476.000 1880 18,479,000 1S81 23,942,000 1S82 27,549,000 1883 20,269.000 18.S4 25,483,000 1885 25,384,000 1886 25,226,000 1887 28.687,000 1888 28,177,000 1889 80,618,000 1892 28,44^,000 18»0 31,587,000 1893 29.321,000 1891 30,314,000 1894 S7 ,579,000 Taxes collected during last five years fi 47,247,423 five years Liberal adtuinistration .... 94,199,0«3 Excess Viiiler f'onHcrvatives $5:i,0IH,340 This is over $10,000,000 a year taken from the people in taxation in excess ol the n'(|Uirenu'iitH of the Liheral regime. In 1894-95 the receipts from those taxo.s amounted to $25,717,117.47. N. P. Taze3. Since 1879 the peoplo have paid the following* sums in customs duties alone I {See Tntch and Navigation Meturns.) 1H79 $12,9:{9.000 1«.S() 14,138.000 1>81 I8,r)()0,0()0 i.SM-J 2l,7Os,()O0 I8s;{ 2M.17-2,<)00 1-84 20,104.000 1885 '9,1MH,(>00 188G 19,488,000 1887 Sl.'2,4()9,OnO 1888 22,209,000 1889 23,784.000 1890 24,014,000 1891 23,481,000 1892 20,5.-)0,0('0 189.S 21,101,000 1894. IH'iOO.OOO Custom taxes last five years , . . . .!i!;108 4 J.s.OOO Ci'-^tom taxes Liberal tive years G^9G0,000 IiicrcnsR under N. P. for period uf live years uloiic $40,44H,000 For the year 1895 the customs diities alone amounted to Si 7,887,269.^7. When Mr. Mackenzie entered office the taxes, customs and eAciso, cHlecfcec* for the year amounted to $20,129,000. The taxes collected fiir the year i-t78 amounte