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ttl. Ji. <r»iiof <k (Co « (fbHf.ilion.ll Sttit9. 
 
 TJIE I.AV 
 OF TIIK LAST MINSTRKL 
 
 n>rri:u iiv 
 A. II. HKVNAM. MA. LL.I>.. 
 
 l'ru/,Hs„r „/ /•:„„. I.lhrfihirr in In-tori,, I ,,ir. rxit,,. T-mtifo, 
 
 - ».M» 
 
 <•. cr.AnKSON, I!. A. 
 
 I.iiti I'lhiiiiMiInf Siiifotih i\tlt,,il,iti- hiMtH'itt. 
 
 Willi w K\: riesi s IIS 
 
 I'KOKKSSOK WILLIAM «'L.\ltK. M. A.. I.L.D.. Im 1... F. |J S.r 
 Triiiilii I'ltint-nili/, TdvuhIu. 
 
 • ONTAIMXU .\'.s;! 
 
 A'.V A7.V 'IS lis . I XI) i:xA MIX. t TlftX i,H ' /. •lt)Xs 
 
 IIV II Hi II S<I1«H»I. TK.\<IIKI ., 
 J -AM. 
 
 Av K- .:■ „s iiiK Cii.ri H- > sk ,,k I,, cah hk iv 
 W.M. HOL'S'V, M.A. 
 
 r3 
 
 TORONTO : 
 
 W. J. (iACH & COM I 'A XV. i.iMiTKi. 
 —1901 — 
 

 / ./ 
 
 '■'f 
 
 Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the 
 office of the Minister of Airicultiire, by W. J. Ga(SE & Co. 
 (Limited), in the year one thougand nine hundred and 
 one. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This etlitioii of The Lny of Ihv L,>M Mimfrel is primarily in- 
 teiHled toimjuttlierwiuireiiunts of tJio University Examiniitioiis 
 and of tho liiglicr exaininatia;i.s licM by tlio Education Deiwirt- 
 iiients of tlie various Proviucts of tho Dominion. At the same 
 time tho general reader will find interesting material brought 
 together in the form of a clear text, concise notes, instructive 
 pictures, an appreeiative sketch of tlie author's life and works, a 
 list of contemjKjrary autliors and events, a copious selection of 
 criticisms, and a number of jxiges of questions and literary 
 exercises fouudetl on the i)oem. Tho s|)eeial contributions of Dr. 
 William Clark, Dr. A. H. Reynar, and Mr. Houston deal with 
 imjKjrtant topics of universid interest. 
 
 The text hiis been made as accurate as iwssible, and is pre- 
 sented in a form that makes ready reference more simple than tho 
 usual stylo of printing it. A large number of Sijott's own XoIhh 
 are given in full and many more have l»een condensed or in- 
 cor|)orated in the editor's annotations of the text. Where con- 
 ciseness is iKjssiblethe notes are short to the shortest, but they 
 will lie found sutiiciently minute in detail where sjKJcial informa- 
 tion is required. The illustrations have l»een chosen with a view 
 to assist the American reader in realizing some of the Scottish 
 landscapes, and to understand the numerous architectural, mili- 
 tary, and feudal terms that lie scattered in profusion throughout 
 the jKXjm. 
 
 The criticisms, questions, and exercises aie intended to be 
 suggestive of indet)endeiit judgments, and aro supiwKsed to lie 
 used as steps in tho historic and comparative method of studying 
 literature. As will Ihj seen, some of the pajKJrs ])ear tlie names of 
 well-known teadiers, to whom tlie pu))lishers aro much indebted 
 for advice and assistance in the p/ei^ration of the book. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 ■* 
 
 I 
 f 
 
 Map ok St'oTT-LANi> 
 
 The Lay of tub Last Minstrki 
 
 Life or Sir Wai.tkk Scott 
 
 Great Events of Scott's Lifk 
 
 List of S<;ott'8 Chief Wokks 
 
 Contemporary Authors and Events 
 
 Scott's Preface 
 
 Time-Analysis of the Lav 
 
 Lord Jeffrey's Anai-vkis op the Lay 
 
 Annotations — Prelude 
 
 Canto I 
 
 Canto II 
 
 Canto III ' " " 
 
 Canto IV 
 
 Canto V 
 
 Canto VI 
 
 Opinions and Criticisms 
 
 Scott's Pi.a<e in Literature, by William (Mark, M.A., 
 
 LL.D., F.R.sr 
 
 Poetry: What It Is and How it Siioti.u ise Sti died. 
 
 bj Rev. A. H. Reynar, MA., LL.D 
 
 Questions and Exekcises 
 
 examin.ation questions 
 
 The Culture Use of Literature, l»y \V. IToiistoii, M.A... 
 
 PAliE 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 i.sn 
 no 
 111 
 
 14(i 
 147 
 14S 
 
 l.-ll 
 
 IHI 
 
 "-24 
 -Mr 
 
 212 
 
 2»i:i 
 2r.!) 
 
 2S0 
 
MAP CK SCOTT-LAND. 
 
THE LAY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE LAST MINSTREL. 
 
 HARP OP MAKY, QtJKKN OF SCOTS. 
 
 PRELUDE. 
 
 The way was long, the wind was cold, 
 The Minstrel was infirm and old ; 
 His withered cheek and tresses gray 
 Seerned to have known a Ixitter day ; 
 The harp, his sole remaining joy, 
 Was carried by an orphan boy. 
 The la^^t of all the Bards was he, 
 Who sung of liorder chivalry ; 
 For, well-a-day ! their date was fled. 
 His tuneful brethren all were dead ; 
 And he, neglected and oppressed, 
 Wished to be with tliem and at rest. 
 No more on prancing palfrey borne, 
 He carolled, light as lark at morn ; 
 
 10 
 
10 
 
 The Lay of tiik Last Minstbku 
 
 PRBtUDB. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 Newark's stately tower (i«, 13). 
 
 No longer courterl and carcs-sed, 
 
 Higl. placed in l.all, a welcome' guest, 
 
 He i>oured, to lord and lady gay, 
 
 The unpremeditated lay: 
 
 Old times were changed, old manners gone • 
 
 A stramjer filled the Stuarts' throne; 
 
 Thr bigots of the iron time 
 
 Had called his liarmless art a crime. 
 
 A wandering harper, scorned and poor 
 
 He begged his bread from door to door 
 
 And tuned, to please a pea.sant's ear, 
 
 The harp a king had loved to hear. 
 
 He passed where Newark's stately tower 
 Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower : 
 I lie Minstrel gazed with wishful eve- 
 No humbler resting-place was nigh!! 
 
PBEMD*:. The Lay op tiik Ii.\sT Mixstrkl. 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 
 Tho ciiilmlllci] portal iinli In- iiasscd (II, '.'). 
 
 With hesitating step at hist 
 The em hilt tied portal aivli Ihj passed, 
 Whoso i)oii(leroii.s grate and massy har 
 Had oft rolled hack the tide of war, 
 But never tlose<I tho iron door 
 Against the (hssolate and poor. 
 The Duchess marked his weary pace, 
 His timid mien, and reverend face, 
 And hade her ])age the meinals tell 
 Tliat they should tend tho old man well: 
 For she luul known adversity 
 Though horn in such a high degree ; 
 In pride of p<»wer, in Ijeauty's hloom, 
 Had wept o'er ^fonmouth's bloody tomh I 
 
 When kindness had his wants supplied^ 
 And the old )nan was gratified, 
 Began to rise his minstrel pri<le ; 
 
 111 
 
 IJ 
 
IS 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 Thk Imy ok ti.k Laht Minhthkl. 
 
 I'KBLUDK. 
 
 An.I Iio iK-gim to talk anon 
 
 Of ««.k| K»rl Fmncris, dead ami gone. 
 
 And of E.u'1 Wultor. ,^.st him G.hI ! 
 
 A Jiravor no'or to battle rode • 
 
 Ami how full ,„any a tale he' knew 
 
 "f the old warriors of Buccloueh • 
 
 And, would the nohle DuchesH deign 
 
 io listen to an old man's strain, 
 
 Tlu>ugh stiff his hand, his voice though weak, 
 
 He thought even yet. the sooth to speak. 
 
 That. If «he love.I the harp to hear, 
 
 iio could make nmsic to her ear. 
 
 The humhle Ixxm was soon ohtaine,! ; 
 llio aged Minstrel audience gained 
 liufc when he reached the rr. ,a of state 
 ^V here she with all her lau.es sate, 
 Perchance he wished his boon denied • 
 For, when to tune his harp he tried 
 His trembling hand had lost the ease 
 Which marks security to please ; 
 And scenes, lo„g past, of joy and pain 
 Came w.ldering o'er his aged brain- 
 He tried to tune his harp in vain. 
 The pitying Duchess praised its chime 
 And gave him heart, and gave him time, 
 iill every stiing's according glee 
 Was blended into harmony. 
 
 And then, he said, he would full fain 
 
 He could recall an ancient strain 
 
 He never thought to sing again. 
 
 It was not framed f.,r village churls, 
 
 -ut for high dames and mighty earls; 
 
 Ho had played it to King Charles the Good 
 
 >\hen he kept court in Holyrood; 
 
pRKLtroE. Tub Lav of tub Law Mixsthkl. 
 
 13 
 
 
 When ho kept conrt In Holyrood (19, 34), 
 
 And much he wislietJ, yet feared, to try 
 
 The long-forgotten niclo<ly. 
 
 Amid the strings his fingers strayed, 
 
 And an uncertain warl)ling made. 
 
 And oft he shook his hoary head. 
 
 r>ut when he caught the measure wild, 
 
 The old man raised his face and smiled ; 
 
 And lightened up his faded eye 
 
 With all a poet's ecstasy ! 
 
 In varying cadence, soft or strong, 
 
 lie swept the sounding chords ahju" : 
 
 The present scene, tiic future lot, 
 
 His toils, his wants, were all for-'ot : 
 
 Cold diffidence and age's frost 
 
 In the full tide of song were lost; 
 
 Each blank, in faithless memory void. 
 
 The poet's glowing thought supplied ; 
 
 And, while his harp responsive rung, 
 
 'Twaa thus the Latest Minstrkl suns. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
u 
 
 Tub Imt op tiir Im«t Minmthkl. 
 
 CANTtt L 
 
 The Lulyo liaci uoiie l.i lur st.n.t liowor (14, •.'). 
 
 10 
 
 CANT(^ T. 
 
 TiiK feast was over in JJianksoino tower, 
 
 And the Ui]ye l.ad ijr.ne to lu-r socivt bower, 
 
 Her bower that was -uar.led by word and by' spell, 
 
 l>eadly to liear, and deadly to tell— 
 
 Jesu Abuia, shield us well ! 
 
 No living wi-ht, save the Ladve alone, 
 
 Hail dar-d to cross the threshold stone. 
 
 The tables were drawn, it was idlesse all ; 
 
 Knight and page and household squire ' 
 Loitered through the lofty jiall, 
 
 Or crowded round the ample fire: 
 The stag-hounds, weary with the chase, 
 
 Ljiy stretched up«ju the rushy floor, 
 
 y: 
 
CANTO I. Thi I^v or TUB Imht Mi.vhtukl. 
 
 15 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 / 
 
 i 
 
 
 With belted Hword hikI H|mr on heel (15, ]■.'). 
 
 And urged in dreams tlie forest race, 
 From Teviot-8tone to ENkdale-nioor. 
 
 Nine-and-twenty knights of fame 
 
 Hung their shields in Branksome Hall ; 
 Nine-and-twenty squires of name 
 
 Brought them their stee<]s to Inmer from stall; 
 
 Nine-and-twenty yeomen tall 
 
 Waited duteous on them all : 
 
 They were all knights of mettle true, 
 
 Kinsmen to the l)old Buceleuch. m 
 
 Ten of them were sheathed in steel, 
 With btilted sword and spur on heel ; 
 They quitted not their harness bright, 
 Neither by day nor yet by niffht : 
 
 They lay down to res' jj 
 
 With corselet laced, 
 
16 
 
 Thk Uy 
 
 «•• T..« U^ MlH^^^ 
 
 rASTo I. 
 
 „ «-"'«i. With f^-iett »s:,t ;'*"'• 
 
 '" And with Jerlw^^i '' ^ '»^«', 
 
 ■"'oy -aw, to c 'rn "r' ''^ -■«'■" 
 
 '■'■"y watel, t„ ,;;; '« WclLoun,, bavin,; 
 
 :•- - Saint cdcjt,":!-" '•"•''"^^ 
 
 T" 1.H, the midnii, , ""^ "roaming, 
 
 ■^""1' ■» the custo,,, . ,. , 
 
 """y a valiant I ,''""""' »»»• 
 * But 1,; u, " / / •""«'" ■'•' here : 
 • "'" '"""'tain of then, .j,' 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
I WTO I. 
 
 eAKTo I. Tm I^v or tub La«t MisiKTRRt. 
 
 17 
 
 Hi. 
 
 Whon tho Htrcuti* of hltfh Duiiixiiii ,|J, 7». 
 
 His Hword hangs rusting jn the wall 
 
 Beside his broken spear. 
 Banls long shall tell 
 How Lord Walter fell ! 
 When startled burgliers flod afar 
 The furies of the JJorder war, 
 When the streets of high r>uned:n 
 Saw luncos gleam and falchions redden, 
 And hoai-d the 8lop««n'8 deadly yell, — 
 Then the Chief of Branksonie f(>ll. 
 
 Can piety the discord heal. 
 
 Or stanch the death-feud's enmity » 
 Can Chri;*tian lore, can patriot zeal, 
 
 Can love of blessed charity ? 
 No ! vainly to each holy shrine 
 
 In nmtual pilgrimage they drew. 
 Implored in vain the grace divine 
 
 For chiefs their own red falchions slew. 
 
 10 
 
 U 
 
18 
 
 ]ii 
 
 15 
 
 a) 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 Tmk Lay ok the Last Mjnstkkl, 
 
 CANTO I 
 
 While Cessford owns tlio rule <>f Carr, 
 While Ettrick leasts the line of Scott 
 
 The slauglitered chiefs, the mortal jar, 
 
 The liavoc of the feudal war, 
 Khali never, never Im> forgot ! 
 
 In s(.rrow o'er I^,rd Walter's hier 
 The warlike foresters hafl in'nt, 
 And many a flower and many a tear 
 Old 'J'eviot's maids and matrons lent ; 
 Hut o'er her warrior's Mocnly bier 
 The Ljidyo dropped nor flower nor tear i 
 Vengeance, deei>-],roo<Jing o'er the slain, 
 ilud locked the source of softer wcx! 
 And burning pride and high disdain 
 ^ Forl>ade the rising tear to flow ; 
 Lentil, amid his sorrowing clan. 
 
 Her son lisped from the nurle's knee 
 " And if I live to be a man, 
 
 My father's death revenged shall Ih- i " 
 Then fast the mother's t,>urs did sec-k 
 To dew the infant's kindling cheek. 
 
 All loose her negligent attire. 
 
 All loose her g<.]d(.n luiir, 
 H-jng Margaret o'er Ikt slaughtered sire 
 ^ And wept in wild despair. 
 Jiut not alone the bitter tear 
 
 Had filial grief supplied. 
 For hopeless love and anxious fear 
 
 Had lent their mingled tide; 
 Nor in her mother's alten-d eye 
 Thivvi] she to look for svmpathy. 
 Her lover 'guinst her father's clan 
 With Carr in arms had st.Kxl, 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 Tub Lay op the Last Minstrel. 
 
 19 
 
 ,5 
 
 
 
 .3 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^.'•j • ' A ',-(11 _v 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 ■ / 
 
 ; ^ ^ ■ 
 
 V I 
 
 vv 
 
 
 
 ■ \ 1 
 
 
 • 
 
 ♦ 
 
 •4 
 
 
 ■9 
 
 K*-. ■ 
 
 
 
 
 
 Saint Andrew's cloistered hall (19, 14). 
 
 When Mathouse-burn to INIelrose ran 
 
 All purple with their hlood ; 
 Ami well she knew her mother dread, 
 IVfore Lord Cranstoun she should wed, 
 Would see her on her dyinj^ l)ed. 
 
 Of noble race the Ijadyo came ; 
 Her father was a clerk of fame. 
 
 Of Detliune's line of Picardie : 
 He learned the art that none mav name 
 
 In Padua, far l)evond the sea. 
 Men said he changed his mortal frame 
 
 r»y feat of niagic mystery ; 
 For when in studious mood he paced 
 
 Saint Andrew's cloistered hall, 
 
 II) 
 
so 
 
 u 
 
 20 
 
 The Lay of the Last Minhtrkl. 
 
 His form no darkening shadow traced 
 Upon the sunny wall I 
 
 And of his skill, as bards avow, 
 He taught that Layde fair. 
 
 Till to her bidding she could' bow 
 The viewless forms of air. 
 
 And now she sits in secret bower. 
 
 In old Lord David's western tower. 
 
 And listens to a heavy sound 
 
 That moans the mossy turrets round. 
 
 Is It the roar of Teviot's tide, 
 
 That chafes agaimi the scaur's red side? 
 
 Is It the wind that swings the oaks? 
 
 Is It the echo from the rocks ? 
 
 What may it be, the heavy sound, 
 
 That moans old Branksome's turrets round ? 
 
 At the sullen, moaning sound 
 The ban-dogs bay and howl. 
 And from the turrets round 
 
 Loud who ps the startled owl 
 In the hall, both squire and knight 
 
 Swore that a storm was near 
 And looked forth to view the night • 
 But the night was still and clear I 
 
 From the sound of Teviot's tide. 
 Chafing with the mountain's side 
 From the groan of the wind-swung oak 
 From the sullen echo of the rock 
 From the voice of the coming sto'rm, 
 
 Ihe Ladye knew it well » 
 It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke, 
 
 And he called on the Spirit of the Fell. 
 
 CANTO I. 
 
CANTO I. Tub Lay of tub Last Minstrel. 
 
 21 
 
 '4 
 
 KIVER SPIRIT. 
 
 "Sloep'st thou, brother?" 
 
 MOUNTAIN 8PIKIT. 
 
 " Brother, nuy — 
 On my hills the inoonl)eam8 play. 
 From Cruik-cross to Skelfhiil-pen, 
 By every rill in every glen, 
 
 Merry elves their morris pacing, 
 To aerial minstrelsy, 
 Emeiald rings on brown heath tracing, 
 
 Trip it deft and merrjiy. 
 Up, and mark their nimble feet ! 
 Up, and liht their music sweet !" 
 
 RIVKR SPIRIT. 
 
 "Tears of an imi)risoned maiden 
 Mix with my polluted stream ; 
 
 Margaret of Braiiksome, sorrow -laden, 
 Mourns beneath the moon's pale beam. 
 
 Tell me, thou who view'st the stars, 
 
 ^\'hen shall cease these feudal jars? 
 
 Wljut shall bo the maiden's fate? 
 
 Who shall be the maiden's mate?" 
 
 MOUNTAIN SPIRIT. 
 
 "Arthur's slow wain his course doth roll 
 
 In utter darkness round the |)ole ; 
 
 The Northern Bear lowers black and grirn, 
 
 Orion's studded belt is dim ; 
 
 Twinkling faint, and distant far. 
 
 Shimmers through mist each planet star ; 
 
 111 may I read their high decree : 
 But no kind influence deign they shower 
 On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower 
 
 Till pride be quelled and love be free." 
 
 The unearthly voices ceased, 
 
 And thfi heavy sound was still j 
 
 It died on the river's breast, 
 It died on the side of the hill. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 » 
 
 25 
 
22 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 The Lay of tub Last Minstuel. 
 
 But round Lord David's tower 
 
 The sound still floated near; 
 For it rung in the Ladye's bower, 
 
 And it rung in the Ladye's ear. 
 She raised her stately head, 
 
 And her heart throbbed high with pride 
 "Your mountains shall bend 
 And your streams ascend. 
 
 Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride ' " 
 
 Tlie Ladye sought the lofty hali, 
 
 Where many a bold retainer lay, 
 And with jocund din among them all 
 
 Her son pursued his infant play. 
 A fancied moss-trooper, the boy 
 
 The truncheon of a spear bestrode, 
 And round the hall right merrily 
 
 In mimic foray rode. 
 Even bearded knights, in arms grown old, 
 
 Share in his frolic gambols bore, 
 Albeit tlieir hearts of rugged mould 
 
 Were stubborn as the steel they wore. 
 For the gray warriors prophesied 
 
 How the brave boy in future war 
 Should tame the Unicorn's pride, 
 
 Exalt the Crescents and the Star. 
 
 The Ladye forgot her purpose high 
 
 One moment and no more. 
 One moment gazed with a mother's eye 
 
 As she paused at the arched door; 
 Tlien from amid the armed train 
 She called to her William of Deloraine. 
 
 A stark moss-trooping Scot., was he 
 As e'er couched Border lance by knee: 
 
 CANTO L 
 
 l 
 
CANTO I. Tub Lay of tiik Last ALn.stuku 23 
 
 Through Solway Sands, tlirough Turrus Moss, 
 
 Blindfold he knew the patiis to ci-uss ; 
 
 By wily turns, by desperate Ixiunds, 
 
 Hud baffled Percy's best bl(x>dhounds ; 
 
 In Eske or Liddel fords were none S 
 
 But he would ride them, one by o*ie ; 
 
 Alike to him was time or tide, 
 
 Decemlxir's snow or July's pride ; 
 
 Alikt to him was tide or time, 
 
 M«)onless midnight or matin prime : 10 
 
 Steady of heart and stout of hand 
 
 As ever drove prey from Cumberlaiul ; 
 
 Five times outlawed had he been 
 
 By England's king and Scotland's <|ueen. 
 
 "Sir William of Deloraino, g(MHl at nee<I, i."i 
 
 Mount thee on the wightest steed ; 
 
 S{)are not to spur nor stint to ride 
 
 Until thou come to fair Tweedside ; 
 
 And in Melrose's holy pile 
 
 Seek thou the Monk of Saint Mary's aisle. ai 
 
 Greet tlie father well from me: 
 
 Say that the fated hour is coiner, 
 And to-night he shall watch with thee, 
 
 To win the treasure of the tomb : 
 For this will be Stvint Michael's night, "^ 
 
 And though stars be dim the n)<x)n is bright, 
 And the cross of bloody red 
 Will point to the grave of the mighty dead. 
 
 " What he gives thee, see thou keep ; 
 
 Stay not thou for food or sleep : 30 
 
 Be it scndl or be it book. 
 
 Into it, knight, thou mnst not look ; 
 
 u thou reade.st, thou nrt loi-n ! 
 
 ..etter had: thou n(^'er Irmti born!" 
 
24 
 
 Tub Lay of the Last Minstkkl. 
 
 CilNTO I. 
 
 10 
 
 Soon in hi8 saddle snte ho fast («4, 9) 
 
 " Zn^-f^^. '''"' 'P^^ "^y d^^PPle-gray steed, 
 
 Winch drinks of the Toviot clear • 
 Ere break of day," the warrior gan my 
 
 "Again will I be here : 
 Ami safer by none may thy errand be done 
 
 Inan, noble dame, by nie; 
 Letter nor line know I never one, 
 Were't my neck-verse at Hairilie." 
 
 Soon in his saddle sate he fast 
 And soon the steep descent he' passed, 
 boon crossed the sounding barbican 
 And soon the Teviot side he won. 
 Eastward the wooded path he rode 
 Green hazels o'er his basnet nod • 
 
CANTO I. 
 
 TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minstrel. 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Guided by tho tinkling rill (»5, »). 
 
 He passed the Peel of Goldilanil, 
 Ami crossed old Borthwick's roaring strand ; 
 Dimly he viewed the Mojit-hill's mound, 
 Where Druid shades still flitted round : 
 In Hawick twinkled many a light; 
 Behinil him soon they set in niglit ; 
 And soon he spurred his courser keen 
 Beneath the tower of Hazeldean. 
 
 The clattering hoofs the watchmen mark : 
 " Stand, ho ! thou courier of the dark." 
 " For Branksome, ho ! " the knight rejoined, 
 And left the friendly tower behind. 
 He turned him now from Teviotside, 
 
 And, guided by the tinkling rill, 
 Northward the dark ascent did ride. 
 
 And gained the moor at Horseliehill ; 
 
 10 
 
 lo 
 
26 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 » 
 
 30 
 
 Tug Lay or tub Laht Mi.votrel. 
 
 Broad on the left before Im„ Uy 
 For many a mile the Ronmn way. 
 
 A moment now he Blacked his speed. 
 A moment breathed hi, p.nti,.g nteell, 
 
 Drew Haddle-girth and corselet-bund. 
 And loosened in the sheath his brand. 
 On M.„tc>crags the moonbeams glint. 
 Where Barnhill hewed his bed of fli;t. 
 Who flung his outlawed limbs to rest 
 Whe^ fal^na hang their giddy „est 
 Mid cliffs from whence his eagle eye 
 
 Chffs doubling, on their echoes borne. 
 
 The terrors of the robber's horn ; 
 
 Oiffs which for many a later year 
 
 ^e warbling Doric reed shall hear, 
 
 When some sad swain shall teach the grove 
 
 Ambition is no cure for love. 
 
 Unchallenged, thence passed Deloraine 
 To ancient Riddel's fair domain, 
 
 Where Aill, from mountains freed. 
 Down from the lakes did raving come; 
 
 E^h wave was crested with tawny foun. 
 
 Like the mane of a chestnut steed 
 In yam ! no torrent, deep or broad. 
 Might bar the bold moss-trooper's road. 
 
 At the first plunge the horse sunk low. 
 And the water broke o'er the sacldle-bolv • 
 Above the foaming tide, I ween, 
 
 Scarce half the charger's neck was seen; 
 For he was barded from counter to tail 
 And the rider w,« armed complete in mail • 
 
 • •ANTO I. 
 
CANTO I. The Lay op tiim Last Minstrel. 
 
 27 
 
 Never heavier man and hone 
 
 Stemmed a midnight torrent's force. 
 
 The warrior's very plume, I say, 
 
 Was daggled by the dashing spray ; 
 
 Yet, through gtxxl heart and Our I^odye's grace, a 
 
 At length he gained the landing-place. 
 
 )y 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 Nuw Bowden Moor the march-man won. 
 
 And sternly shook his plumed head. 
 As glanced his eye o'er Halidon ; 
 
 For on his soul the slaughter rod 
 Of that unhallowed morn arose, 
 When first the Scott and Carr were foes ; 
 When royal James beheld the fray. 
 Prize to the victor of the day ; 
 When Home and Douglas in the van 
 Bore down Buccleuch's retiring clan. 
 Till gallant Cessford's heart-blood dear 
 Reeked on dark Elliot's Border spear. 
 
 1ft 
 
 In bitter mood he spurred fast, 
 
 And soon the hated heath was past; n 
 
 And far beneath, in lustre wan. 
 
 Old Melros' rose and fair Tweed ran: 
 
 Like some tall rock with lichens gray, 
 
 Seemed, dimly huge, the dark Abbaye. 
 
 When Hawick he passed had curfew rung, 25 
 
 Now midnight lauds were in Melrose sung. 
 
 The sound upon the fitful gale 
 
 In solemn wise did rise and fail. 
 
 Like that wild harp whose magic tone 
 
 Is wakened by the winds alone. ao 
 
 But when Melrose he reached 'twas silence all ; 
 
 He meetly stabled his steed in stall. 
 
 And sought the convent's lonely wall. 
 
Tub Lay of tiii.' r »«.•, *f 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 «'>NTO I. 
 
 INTKHT.i'l)K. 
 
 IIo .ecmed to «„k j,, „ • 
 
 If tl.»y approve,] hi, .„i„.,„,|;,. . 
 
 And every ge„t|e ,,dy thel;, "' 
 
 Ea«h after ead,, i„ d„„ j 
 Oavo prai«« to J,i, „,e,„dy ; ' 
 "IS hand was trup ),;« ,/• 
 
 A"u™„eHt,,ey;„:;j:;j— -t: 
 
 Aftt. meet re«t again began. 
 
i.\snt II. TlIK I^V OF TIIK LamT MiNHYHKL. 
 
 M 
 
 CANTO IT. 
 
 
 If tliou wouMnt view fair MolroHO aright, 
 Oo visit it by the jmiIo iiux»nlight; 
 For the guy beaniM of lightHoino day 
 Oihl lint to flout the ruins gray. 
 When the broken arclies are bhiek in night, 
 And each shafted oriel gliinniers white ; 
 When the cold light's uncertain Hhowcr 
 Streams on the ruinetl central tower ; 
 When buttress and buttress, alternately, 
 Seem framed of ebon and ivory; 
 When silver edges the imagery, 
 And the scrolls that teach tluHj to live aii«l die; 
 . When distant Tweed is heard to rave, 
 And the owlet to lKx>t o'er the dead man's grave, 
 Then go - Imt go alone the while - 
 Then view Saint David's ruined pile; 
 And, home returning, fioothly swear 
 Was ne\er scene so sad and fair ! 
 
 10 
 
 IS 
 
 Short halt did Deloraino make there; 
 Little recked he of the scene so fair : 
 With dagger's hilt on the wicket strong 
 He struck full loud, and struck full long. 
 The porter hurried to the gate : 
 "Who knocks so loud, and knocks so late?" 
 "From Branksome I," the warrior cried; 
 And straight the M-icket opened wide: 
 For Branksome's chiefs had in battle stood 
 
 To fence the rights of fair Melrose ; 
 And lands and livings, many a rcMwl, 
 
 Had gifted the shrine for their souls' repose. 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
i 
 
 s 
 
cAfm» M. TiiK Lav ov tiik Laht Minhtuki- 
 
 \ llulfl I><>loruinK luH ornvml Hiii<l ; 
 The )Hii*tc*r \n>ui Win liumhle huml; 
 With torch in hiuul, iirul tt'i't uiiMhcNl, 
 Ami iic>iH(>U>NH Htfp, tho piith ho trtxl : 
 The un-hiKl cloister, fur ami wido, 
 Uiinx to the wiurior'H clanking Htride, 
 Till, htiH»i»ing low hiH lofty crest, 
 lh5 ontfiwl tho «•!! of tho ancient j»rimt, 
 And liftrd hin iHiniHl avontayle 
 To hail tho Monk of Haint Mary's aiNlo. 
 
 31 
 
 10 
 
 ^. "Tho liudyo of nianksotno gi-eets thoo hy me, 
 
 Says that tho faird hour is como, 
 And that to-ni;^)it I shall watch with thw, 
 
 To win tho trcaMure of tho tonih." 
 KioMi sackcloth couch tho monk arose, 
 
 With toil his stiiTcmKl limbs ho roarwl ; 
 A hun<lred years hod flunj; their snows 
 
 On his thin locks and floating iNMird. 
 
 lA 
 
 k ■ 
 
 Atul strangely on tho knight looked he, 
 
 And his l)luo eves gleamed wild and wide: 
 "And darest thou, warrior, seek to see 
 
 What heaven and hell alike would hide? 
 ^^y breast in l>elt of iron pent, 
 
 With shirt of hair and scourge of thorn, 
 For threescore years, in penance sj^nt. 
 
 My knees those flinty sttmes have worn ; 
 Yet all too little to atono 
 For knowing what should ne'er be known. 
 Wouldst thou thy every future year 
 
 In ceaseless prayer and penance <lri«!, 
 Yet wait thy latter end with fear — 
 
 Then, daring warrior, follow me ! " 
 
 211 
 
 •l'> 
 
 ao 
 
32 
 
 Thk Lav of the Last Minsthel. 
 
 CANTO u. 
 
 CROUlit 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 _^ ^ 
 
 Ground I>Ian of MelroHe Abbey. 
 "Penance, father, will I none • 
 Prayer know I hardly one ; 
 For mass or prayer can I rarely tarry 
 Save to patter an Ave Mary. ^' 
 
 When I ride on a Border foray. 
 Other prayer can I „one ; 
 So speed me my errand, and let .„e l.gone." 
 
 And again he sighed heavily ; 
 
 For he had himself been a wa'rHor bold. 
 And fought in Spain and Italy. 
 
 ^ow. slow and fainrrifdtewir-^^-^'^^'^^ 
 Where, cloistered round, the ganien "lay; 
 
CASTOU. TlIK Lav op TIIK LA^sT MiNSTKKI,. 
 
 The pillared arches were over th««ir heail, 
 
 And iKMieath tlieir feet were the bont^s of the deacl. 
 
 Spreading lierbs a ,<! flowerets bri-dit 
 
 3.1 
 
 ^ Glistened 
 
 witl file uew of ^iirht 
 
 Nor lierb nor Joy/tM-eb glistened tliere 
 
 But 
 
 wjis carvel ;n the cloister-arcl 
 
 les as fair. 
 
 10 
 
 The monk gazed long on the lovely n.o<.n, 
 
 Then into the night he looked forth ; 
 And^ red and bright the streamers light 
 
 Were dancing in the glowing north. 
 Ho had he seen, in fair Castile, 
 
 The youth in glittering s(,uadrons start, 
 8u(kien the flying jennet wheel, 
 
 And hurl the unexpected dart. 
 He knew, by the streamers that shot so bright, ,., 
 
 That spirits were riding the northern light. " 
 
 Ry a steel-clenched postern door 
 
 They entered now the chancel tall ; 
 The darkened roof rose high aloof 
 
 On pillars lofty and light and small : 
 The keystone that lockinl each ribbed aisle 
 Was a fleur-<le-lys or a quatre-feuiUe ; 
 The corbels were carved gn)tes<iue and grim ; 
 And the pillars, with clustered shafts so triin, 
 With bise and with capital flourished around' 
 Seemed bundles of lances which garlands had'b.mnd. 
 
 Full many a scutcheon and banner riven 
 Shook to the cold night-wind of heaven, 
 
 Around the screened altar's pale ; 
 And there the dying lamps did burn „ 
 
 Before thy low and lonely urn, 
 O gallant Chief of Otterburne ! 
 
 And thine, dark Knight of Liddesdale ! 
 
 2(1 
 
 2-1 
 
10 
 
 IS 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 3C 
 
 34 The Lay op the Last JMinsthkl. 
 
 O fading honors of the dead ! 
 O high ambition lowly laid ! 
 
 fl The moon on the east oriel shone 
 
 Through slender shafts of shapely stone, 
 » By foliaged tracery combined ; 
 
 Thou wouldsfc have thought some fairy's hand 
 'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand 
 
 In many a freakish knot had twined, 
 Then framed a spell when the work was done, 
 And changed the willow wreaths to stone. 
 The silver light, so pale and faint, 
 Showed many a prophet and many a saint, 
 
 Whose image on the glass was dyed ; 
 Full in the midst, his cross of red 
 Triumphant Michael brandished. 
 
 And trampled the Apostate's pride. 
 The moonbeam kissed the holy pane. 
 And threw on the puvemont a hloo<ly stain. 
 
 They sate them down on a marble stone— 
 
 A Scottish monarch slept below; 
 Thus spoke the monk in solemn tone : 
 
 "I was not always a man of woe; 
 For Paynim countries I have tnxl. 
 And fought beneath the Cross of God : 
 Now, strange to my eyes thine arms appear. 
 And their iron clang sounds strange to my ear. 
 
 "In these far climes it was my lot 
 To meet the wondrous Michael Scott ; 
 
 A wizard of such dreaded fame 
 That when, in Salamanca's cave, 
 Him listed his magic wand to wave, 
 
 The Ixills would ring in Notre Dame ! 
 Some of his skill he taught to me; 
 
 CANTO n. 
 
 
cANTf. I,. The Lay op tjik Last Minstrkl. 
 
 "3 
 
 -a 
 
 35 
 
 That. when, in Salamanca's cave (34, 30). 
 
 And, wa, T pouj^j ^^^, ^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 The wonis . cleft Eildon Hills in throo, 
 ^ Ami l;ii,lkHj the Tweed with a curb „f st«,no • 
 Hut to ,s{>eak them wore a deadly sin, 
 An<l for having hut thought them n,y hc.irt within 6 
 A treble penance must he done. 
 
 "Wheii Michael lay on his dying Ix-d, 
 
 His consc? .e was awakened ; 
 
 He lx;thou^'ht him of his sinful deed, 
 And he ga\ me a sign to come with speed : 
 I was in Spain when the moiuing rose. 
 But I stood by his l>ed ore evening close. 
 The words may not again be said 
 That he spoko to me on death-l)ed laid ; 
 They would rend this Abbaye's massy nave, 
 And pile it in heaps above his grave. 
 
 1(1 
 
 15 
 
m 
 
 TiiK Lay op thk Last Mivhtkel. 
 
 TANI-O II. 
 
 »* 
 
 in 
 
 { U 
 
 15 
 
 at 
 
 25 
 
 3(J 
 
 ' T swore to buiy liis Mighty B<K)k 
 That never mortal niiglit therein lo<»k ; 
 And never to tell where it was hid, 
 i<ii\o at hi,s Chief of liranksonie's need ; 
 And when that need was past and o'er, 
 Again the volume to restore. 
 I buried him on Saint Michael's night, 
 When the bell tolled one and the moon was bright, 
 And I dug his chamber among the dead, 
 When the floor of tlie chancel was stained ivd, 
 That his patron's cross might over him wav««, 
 And scare the fiends from the wizard's grave. 
 
 "Tt was a night of woe and dread 
 When Michael in the tomb I laid ; 
 Strange sounds along the chancel passetl, 
 
 The banners waved without a blast " 
 
 Still sjtoke the monk, when the bell tolled one! — 
 
 T tell you, that a braver man 
 
 Than William of Deloraine, good at nee«l, 
 
 Against a foe ne'er spurred a steed ; 
 
 Yet somewhat was ]w chilled with flread, 
 
 And his hair did bristle upcm his head. 
 
 " Lo, warrior ! now, the cross of led 
 
 Points to the grave of the mighty dead ; 
 
 Witiiin it burns a wondrous light. 
 
 To chase the spirits that love the night; 
 
 That lamp shall burn unquenchably. 
 
 Until the eternal dotwn shall be." 
 
 Slow moved the monk to the broad flagst.in«^ 
 
 Which the bjoorly cross was traced u]M)n : 
 
 Ho pointed to a secret nook ; 
 
 An iron bar the warrior took ; 
 
 Ami the mcmk made a sign with his withered hand, 
 
 The grave's huge portal to expand. 
 
r,\ 
 
 NToii. The Lay of thk Last Arivsriaa,. 
 
 ;J7 
 
 Bcforo thuir eyes Ur. wizard lay CW, 11). 
 
 Witli heating heart to the task h(^ went, 
 
 His sinewy frame o'er the grav(!.st<.no l>ent, 
 
 "NVith bar of iron heaved amain 
 
 Till the toi!<h-nps fell from liis },n>w.s like rjiin. 
 
 It was by dint of passing strength 
 
 That he moved the massy stone at length. 
 
1£ 
 
 30 
 
 3« T,,K Lav ok t,.k Last M,n«tkki. 
 
 I would you l.a,MxH.„ there to see 
 How tho ]i,.|.t broke forth so .Moriously, 
 Mreamed upward to the ehancel roof, 
 And through the galleries far aloof! 
 
 No earthly flaa^ebWl o'er so bright; 
 It shone bke heaven's own blessed light 
 And, issuing from the to.nb ' 
 
 .Showed the monk's cowl and Visage mie 
 
 And kissed lus waving plunu-. 
 
 / V l^^^re their eyes the wizard lav 
 
 A« If he had noc Wen dead a day 
 Hi8 hoary beard in silver rolled 
 He seemed some seventy wi„te,..; «ld • 
 A palmer's amice wrappc^d lum round', 
 ^V ith a wrought Spanish baldric l>oun,i, 
 
 H>.s eft hand held his Look of JVIi.d.t 
 A sdver cross was in his right • 
 
 The lamp was placed bc-side his knee. 
 High and majestic «a,s his look 
 At which the fellest fiends had 'shook, 
 And all unruffled was his face : 
 Tliey trusted his soul had gotten grace. 
 
 Often Iiad William of Ddoraine 
 Rode through the battle's bloo<ly plain 
 And trampled down the warriors L" ' 
 
 And neither known remorse nor awe 
 ^et now remorse and awe he owned • ' 
 ttis breath came think h;^ i i ' 
 
 Whpn fl • T ' ^''''■''^ ^"^^'^ round, 
 
 VVhen tin. strange scene of death he saw 
 
 Bewildered and unnerved he stood, 
 
 And the priest prayed fervently and loud: 
 
 » INTO n. 
 
CANTO II. 
 
 :'. 
 
 ^ I 
 
 The Lav of tiik Lant Minstukl. 
 
 39 
 
 With eyes averted jjiayed lie ; 
 
 He might not eiuluro the sight to see 
 
 Of the mail he had loved so brotljerly. 
 
 And wJien the priest his death-prayer had prayud, 
 
 Thus unto Deloraine lie said : 
 
 " Now, speed thee what thou hast to do, 
 
 Or, warrior, we may dearly rue; 
 
 For those thou mayst not look upon 
 
 Are gathering fast round the yawning stone ! " 
 
 Then Deloraine in terror took 
 
 Fiom the cold hand the Mighty r,.K>k, 
 
 With iron clasped and with iron bound : 
 
 He thought, as he t<«,k it, the dead man frowiuMi ; 
 
 Hut the glare of tlie sepulchral light 
 
 Perchance had dazzled the warrior's sight. 
 
 When the huge stone sunk o'er the tomb, 
 
 The night returned in double gloom, 
 
 For the moon had gone down and tl'ie stars w.-re f.-w ; 
 
 And as the knight and priest withdrew, 
 
 With wavering steps and diz/y brain, 
 
 They hardly might the postern gain. 
 
 Tis said, as through the aisles they passed, 
 
 They heard strange noises on the blast ; 
 
 And through the cloister-galleries small,' 
 
 Which at mid-height thread the chancel wall, 
 
 Loud sobs, and laughter louder, ran. 
 
 And voices unlike the voice of man. 
 
 As if the fiends kept holiday 
 
 Because these spells were brought to day. 
 
 I cannot tell how the truth may be ; 
 
 I say the tale as 'twas said to me. 
 
 "Now, hie thee hence," the father said, 
 'And when we are on death-bed laid, 
 
 1(1 
 
 i.'t 
 
 Li I 
 
 36 
 
40 
 
 The Lay of tiik Lamt Miv.stkkl. 
 
 
 ir> 
 
 20 
 
 30 
 
 «'.\.NTI> II. 
 
 <> n.ay our dear I^dyo and «w»H,t Saint John 
 forgive o„r souls for tho deed we have done »" 
 IJie n.onk returned hi.n to liis cell, 
 
 And nmny a p.ay,.r u„d jH.„uncJ «,„.! ; 
 W hen tl.0 convent met at tho noont.Mo l.-ll. 
 
 Tho Monk of Huint Mary's aisle wus ,lea.l ! 
 Jt-'fore tho cross was tho bo<ly lui.j 
 With hands claspe,! fast, as if stilMu, j.rayed. 
 
 Tho k,n-,.ht hreathed free in tho n.orni,.. wi,.d 
 
 And strove his hardiho(Hl to find- 
 
 Ho was .lad when ho passe.l tho'ton.hstones .^ray 
 
 ^Vh.ch Ku-dlo round the fair Abbayo ; 
 
 I;or the mystic IxK.k, to his bosom p.vssed. 
 
 I'olt like a loml ujKjn his breast 
 
 And his joints, with nerves of iro„ twined, 
 
 «iK>r,k like the aspen-lea ves in wind. 
 
 Full fain was he when the dawn of dav 
 
 Began to brighten Cheviot gray ; 
 
 He joyed to see the cheerful light 
 
 And he said Ave Mary as welfas he migl... 
 
 The sun had i.ri,i,d,t..nerl Cheviot gray, 
 
 The sun had brightened the Carter's si.l,. • 
 And soon beneath the rising day 
 
 Hmiled Branksome's towe,^ and Teviot's tide. 
 I ho w,)d birds old their warl,ling tale 
 
 And w,.J<oned every flower that blow.s • 
 And peeped i->rth the violet pale 
 
 And spread iK^r breast the mountain rr«e. 
 And lovelier than tl»e rose so rod, 
 Yet paler than the violet pale, ' 
 She early leff hor sleepless bed. 
 The fairest m*id of Teviot/lale. 
 
«■.» 
 
 N'<»". TiiK T.vY OK rifi: \,\sr Minstukl. 
 
 41 
 
 5 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 Why does sho iwt the whuyfc'y bhMMlli.Mui«l (41, T». 
 
 Wliy .l(H'.s fair Murgjiivb so early awako, 
 
 And don Ikt kirtio so liastilu; ; 
 And the silken knots, wliirh in ht.ny sl.o would make, 
 
 Why trenil.Ie her slciulor fliigt«rs to tic? 
 Why does she stop and look often around, 
 
 As she glides down the secret stair; 
 And why does she pat the shaggy bloo<lhound, 
 
 As lie rouses him up from his lair; 
 And, though she passes the postern alone, 
 Why is not the watchman's bugle blown? 
 
 The ladye steps in doubt and dread 
 I^st her watchful mother hear her tread; 
 The ladye caresses tlx; rough bloodhound 
 Lest his voice should waken the castle round; 
 
 1(1 
 
43 
 
 TiiK Lay ov tiik Lamt Minmtukl. 
 
 I'.INTO II. 
 
 lU 
 
 15 
 
 JO 
 
 30 
 
 The watcliiM,Mi'« l,u«Io in iiut bl.mii 
 
 Fur lio w,iH Ikt foHttT-futliei'« son ; 
 
 And Hho glidoM through tho gn^nm.nl at dawn of li«|.t 
 
 1o imH^'t Jlaron lleury, Ikt „w„ true knight. 
 
 Tlio knight and ladyo fair are met, 
 
 And under the hawthorn's boughs aro set. 
 
 A fairer pair wei-e never seen 
 
 To meet beneath the Imwthorn grc^n. 
 
 He was stately and young and tall, 
 
 Ureaded in battle and loved in liall ; 
 And she, when love, scarce told, scarce hid, 
 Lent to her cheek a livelier red, 
 When tho half-sigh her swelling' bmwt 
 Against tho silken ribbon presMe<], 
 When her blue eyes their secret told. 
 Though shade'u by her IiHrks of gold-1 
 Whero would yoi M,d tho p«.erle.ss fair 
 With Margaret oi Urunksomo might conii.are ! 
 
 And now, fair dames, methinks I see 
 
 You listen to njy minstrelsy ; 
 
 Your waving locks ye backward throw. 
 
 And sidelong bend your necks of snow 
 
 Ye ween to hear a melting tale 
 
 Of two true lo\ ers in a dale ; 
 
 And how the knight, with tender fire. 
 To paint his faithful passion strove. 
 Swore he might at her feet expire, 
 But never, never cease to love ; ' 
 And how she blushed, and how she sighed. 
 And, half consenting, half denied, 
 And said that she would die a maid ;- 
 Yet, might the bloody feud be stayed, 
 Henry of Cranstoun, and only he, 
 Margaret of Branksome's choice should be. 
 
ciMTuii. TiiK Lay oi.- tiik Lxht Mivwtkki.. 
 
 AI««* ! fjiir duiiM'H, your Iioih-m mv viiin! 
 My Imrp luu< lost tliu oiKrlmntiiij^ Ntruiii ; 
 
 Its ligJitnoHM wouM my ago ivi>i'«>vo: 
 My hnirn are gray, my Hmhs mo old, 
 My hrart is iload, my vinm am <o|.l: 
 
 T may not, munt not, sing <»f lovo. 
 
 iW-m-atli an oak nioNNi**! oVr l>y eld, 
 Tho iJaron's dwarf liiti coursj'r Jii'ld, 
 
 And hold liis cro.st««d liclni and nj^'ar: 
 'i hat dwarf wuh Ht-arco an earthly man, 
 If tho taiea wero true that of him ran 
 Through all tho iJordor far and near. 
 'Twa8 said, when tho liaron a-hunting nnle 
 Through Uoedsdale's glens, \»ut ra.ely (nnj, 
 Jle heard u voieo cry, "Lost! lost! lost!" 
 And, like tennis-ball by racket tossed, 
 
 A leap of thirty ffiot and three 
 Mtule from tho gorso thi^j elfin shape, 
 J>istorted like some dwarfish aj)e, 
 
 And lighted at Lord Cranstoun's knee. 
 I^)rd Cranstoun was somo w hit dismaved ; 
 Tia said that live good miles he rade, 
 
 To rid him of his company ; 
 liut where ho ro<le one mile tho dwarf ran four, 
 And the dwarf was first at tho castlo (Kx»r. 
 
 Use lessens marvel, it is said : 
 This elfish dwarf with the JJaron staid ; 
 Little ho ate, and less he spoke, 
 Nor mingled with the menial fioek ; 
 And oft apart his arms ho tossed. 
 And often muttered, " Lost ! io.st ! lost ! " 
 He was waspish, arch, and litherlic, 
 But well lord Cranstoun served he: 
 
 t.'{ 
 
 10 
 
 tfi 
 
 •jii 
 
 ari 
 
« u 
 
 10 
 
 »l 
 
 a> 
 
 » 
 
 An.1 Jio uf l.iH wTviw wiw full fain • 
 For on<^ 1,0 |„„i |^^.„ j^^.^.,^ ^^ ^j^^.^ ' 
 
 An it l.ml not Un-ii for |,w mi.uHt'ry. 
 All U.tw.H.,, IIoMio a,„| Ifonnitu;^ 
 i«lki..| of I^nl CmuMtouM-M Ooblii, Pagu. 
 
 For tl.0 lk.-o„ wont on pilgrinm^ro, 
 Ari.1 t«H,lc with him this ein,sh p,ig« 
 
 To Mary's ChuiK.l of tho Umvs ; ' 
 I-or thoi-o, besi.lo Our I^wlyo's lake, 
 An offering he hud Hw<.rn to niuko,' 
 
 And ho w.iuld imy his vowm 
 l|ut tl.0 Ladyo of JJrankMon.o gatluMvd h l«tnd 
 
 Of ho lH..st that would ride at h.r conunund ; 
 
 llio trysting-placo was Newark Uh). 
 Wat of Hunlon canio thither amain 
 And thither came John of Thirkstano 
 An.l thither camo WiUiam of DelorainV • 
 
 They were throe hundml spears an.l th.-ee. 
 T M..,uj,.h Douglas-hum, up Yan-ow stream, 
 ' "'"■ '"'••^«« Pi-'^'^e, their lances gleam 
 I h..y came to Sair.t Mary's lake ere day 
 .ut the chapel was void and the Baron awav 
 I hey l,urned the chajH)! for very ra-e 
 An,l cursed I^,rd Cran.stoun's dohlin Page. 
 
 An,l now, in Dranksome's g.Hnl grtvnwo<.l 
 
 As un.|,.r the aged «ik ho hUhx], 
 
 The Baron's courser pricks liis eirs, 
 
 As if a distant noise he hears 
 
 The dwarf waves his long loan am on hi-d, 
 
 And signs to the lovers to pirt and fly ■ 
 
 No tnne was then to vow or si-di 
 
 Fair Margaret through the luml-grove 
 
 Flow hko the startled cushat-<love • 
 
 I'AN-rU II. 
 
cAM-m II. TiiK Lav uv tmk I,a>*t Mismtiiki,. 
 
 The (IwHif tlio Ntirrup ln'lil and roin ; 
 YuuIUhI tlio knight on Iih nU-vtl aiimiii, 
 And, |M»n«U'ilii'( (lifp that iiiuniin;,''s m-vui\ 
 ]UmU^ cast ward tlir(Mi<r|i tlin liawtlioniH ^nHMi. 
 
 45 
 
 TNTKIlUJhK. 
 
 Wiiii.K tliiis lio iNMirnl tlio l(>ii;;llM>ii4'd (alo, 
 
 The i>riii.sti*cr.s voico In'jjan to fail. 
 
 Full slyly Niiiilcd tlio ol>.s4»rvant paj,"', 
 
 And gave the wilhorwl hand of a;,'o 
 
 A goblet, crowned with ini^^hty wiiu', 
 
 The hlood of Velez' sccirt-hcd vine. 
 
 He rai,se<l the silver cui) on hi;,'li, 
 
 And, while the l)i<' dinn HMed liin eve. 
 
 Prayer! (mm! to hIesH the Duelu'ss long, 
 
 And all who cheered a won of song. 
 
 The attt^nding maidens smiled to se«' 
 
 TIow long, how <|(H'j», how /ealoiisly, 
 
 The itiveidus juice the iMiiistrcl (inaffed ; 
 
 And he, emlMildencd hy tlu; draught, 
 
 l^ioked guily hack to tl»>m and laughed. 
 
 The cordial nectar of the Imwl 
 
 Swelled his ohl veins and cheen'd his soul ; 
 
 A lighter, liv('lier pr(lu<le ran, 
 
 Kit! thus his talo again In-gan. 
 
 Ill 
 
 1.^ 
 
 » 
 
46 
 
 The Lay of tub Last Minstrel. 
 
 CANTO III. 
 
 Until they cjiuie to a woodland brook (51, 11). 
 
 10 
 
 CANTO TIL 
 
 AvD said F that my limbs were old, 
 And said I that my blood wjia cold, 
 And that my kindly fire was fled, 
 And my poor withered heart was deml, 
 
 Antl that T might not sing of love? 
 
 How could I to the dearest theme 
 That over warmed a minstrel's dream. 
 
 So foul, so false a recreant prove? 
 How could I name love's very name, 
 Nor wake my Ijeart to notes of flame? 
 
 Tn imiivv, Love tunes the shepherd's reed ; 
 In war, he mounts the warrior's steed ; 
 
CANTO III. Tub Lay of the Last Minktkkl. 
 
 In halls, in gay attire is seen ; 
 
 In liiiinlots, (lances on the green. 
 
 Jjove rules tlio court, the camp, the grove, 
 
 And men below, and saints al)<)ve ; 
 
 For love is heaven, and heaven is love. 
 
 47 
 
 So thought Lord Cranstoun, as I ween, 
 While, {MMidering deep the tender scene. 
 He rode through liranksome's hawthorn green. 
 But the page shouted wild and shrill, 
 
 And scarce his helmet could he don, 
 When downward from the shady hill 
 
 A stately knight camo pricking on. 
 That warrior's steed, so dapple-gray, 
 Was dark with sweat and spliished with clay, 
 
 His armor red with many a stain : 
 He seenied in such a weary plight, 
 As if he had ridden the livelong night ; 
 
 For it w!vs William of Deloraine. 
 
 10 
 
 If 
 
 l/i 
 
 But no whit weary did ho seem, 
 
 When, dancing in the sunny besim, ai) 
 
 He marked the crane on the Bartm's crest; 
 
 For his ready spear was in his rest. 
 
 Few were the words, and stern and high. 
 
 That marked the foenien's feudal hate 
 For question fierce and proud reply ai 
 
 Gave signal soon of dire debate. 
 Their very coursers seemed to know 
 That each was other's mortal f(R% 
 And snorted fire when wheeled around 
 To give each knight his vantage-ground. .tii 
 
 In rapid rountl the Baron Ix'nt ; 
 
 He sighed a sigh and prayed a prayer; 
 
48 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 The Lay of the Last Mixsthel. 
 
 CSSTO III. 
 
 The prayer was to his patron .saint, 
 Tlie s,gh was to his laclye fair. 
 
 Stout Deloraine nor sighed nor pray,.}, 
 
 Nor saint nor Jadye called to aid : 
 
 But he stooped his hea.1. an<l eouche.1 his snoar 
 
 And spurred his steed to full career ^ ' 
 
 The meeting of these champions proud 
 
 Seen,ed hke the bursting thunder^cloud. 
 
 Stern wa« the dint the Borderer lent ! 
 
 The stately Baron backwards bent, 
 
 Bent backwards to his horse's tail. 
 
 And his plumes weut scattering on the gale ■ 
 
 The tough ash spear, so stout and true ' 
 
 into a thousand flinders flew 
 
 But Cranstoun's lance, of n.o.e avail, 
 
 Pierced through, like silk, the Borde er's n.uil • 
 
 Through «,„eld and jack and acton p J." 
 I^ep m his bosom broke at lust. 
 
 Sti I .sate the warrior sadJle-fast, 
 
 lill, stumbling in the mortal shock, 
 
 Bown went the steed, the girthing b..oke 
 Hurled on a heap lay man and h^rse. ' 
 Ihe Baron onward passed his course, 
 Nor knew-.so giddy rolled his brain- 
 His foe lay stretched upon the plain. 
 
 But when he reined his courser round. 
 And saw his foeman on the ground 
 
 J^ie senseless as the bloody clav, 
 
 "V'f !u' P^^' '" «^^"^^^ the wound. 
 
 And there beside the warrior stay, 
 And t<.nd um in his doubtful state. 
 And lead hi„, to Branksome castle-gate- 
 His noble ,nind wa,s inly n.o^^d ' 
 
 For the kin.s,„an of the maid he loved 
 
cA^fTo III. Tub Lay op thk Last Minstkkl. 
 
 49 
 
 "This shalt thou do without delay: 
 No longer here myself may stay ; 
 Unless the swifter I speed away, 
 Short shrift will be at my dying day." 
 
 Away in speed Ix)rd Cranstoun ro<lo; 
 
 The Goblin Page behind abode ; 
 
 His lord's command he ne'er withstfUKl, 
 
 Though small his pleasure to do g<MMl. 
 
 As the corselet ofF he took, 
 
 The dwarf espied the Mighty Book ! 
 
 Much he marvelled a knight of pride 
 
 Like a book-bosomed priest should ritle : 
 
 He thought not to search or stanch the wound 
 
 Until the secret he had found. 
 
 li) 
 
 -4 
 
 •a 
 
 The iron band, the iron clasp, 
 Resisted long the elfin grasp; 
 For when the first he had undone, 
 It closed as he the next begun. 
 Those iron clasps, that iron band, 
 Would not yield to unchristened hand 
 Till he smeared the cover o'er 
 With the Borderer's curdled gore; 
 A moment then the volume spn-ad, 
 And one short spell therein he rea<l. 
 It had much of glamour might. 
 Could make a Imlye seem a knight. 
 The cobwebs on a dungeon wall 
 Seem tapestry in lordly hall, 
 A nutshell seem a gilded barge, 
 A shelling seem a palace largo, 
 And youth seem age, and age seem youth- 
 All was delusion, nought was truth. 
 
 lb 
 
 2ft 
 
 SD 
 
60 
 
 TiiK Lay op the Last Mivsthbl. 
 
 CANTO III. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 » 
 
 25 
 
 a> 
 
 He had not read another spell, 
 
 When on his cheek a buffet fell, 
 
 So fifice, it stretched him on the plain 
 
 Desido the wounded Delomine. 
 
 From the ground he rose dismaye<l, 
 
 And shook his huge and matted head; 
 
 One word he muttered and no more, 
 
 "Man of age, thou smitest sore!" 
 
 No more the elfin page durst try 
 
 Into the wondrous book to pry; 
 
 The clasps, though smeared with Christian gore. 
 
 Shut faster than they were before. 
 
 He hid it underneath his cloak. — 
 
 Now, if you ask who gave the stroke, 
 
 I cannot tell, so mot I thrive; 
 
 It was not given by man alive. 
 
 Unwillingly himself he addres.sed 
 
 To do his master's high behest: 
 
 He lifted up the living corse, 
 
 And laid it on the weary horse • 
 
 He led him into Branksome Hall 
 
 Before the beards of the warders all. 
 
 And each did after swear and say 
 
 There only passed a wain of hay. 
 
 He took him to Lord David's tower. 
 
 Even to the Ladye's secret bower; 
 
 And, but that stronger spells were spread, 
 
 And the door might not be opened, 
 
 He had laid hira on her very bed. 
 
 Whate'er he did of gramarye 
 
 Was always done maliciously ; 
 
 He flung the warrior on the ground, 
 
 And the blood welled freshly from the wound. 
 
cANTci III. Tub Lay op tiik Last Min«thki,. 
 
 As ho rcpasHtHl tlio outer cotjif, 
 
 Ho spied tho fair young cliild at sport: 
 
 He tliouglit to train him to tiio wood; 
 
 For, at a word, Ik? it understornl, 
 
 Ho was always for ill, and never f(.r g(Kxl. 
 
 Seemed to the Ix.y some comradt? gav 
 
 IjlhI him forth to the wckkJs to play; 
 
 On the drawbridge the warders stout 
 
 Saw a terrier and lurcher passing out. 
 
 Ho led tiie Uty o'er hank and fell, 
 
 Until they came to a woo<lland hnnik ; 
 The running stream dissolved the si)ell, 
 
 And his own elfish shajK) he took. 
 Could lie have had his pleasure viKh;, 
 He had crippled the joints of the noble <hild. 
 Or, with his fingers long and lejin, 
 Had strangled him in fiendish spleen: 
 r.ut his awful mother he had in dread, 
 And • also his power was limited ; 
 So he but scowled on the startled child. 
 And darted through the forest wild; 
 The wo<Klland br(K)k he lM)unding crossed, 
 And laughed, and shouted, " Lost ! lost ! lost ! ' 
 
 Full sore aruazed at the wondrous change, 
 
 And frightened, as a child niidit l>e 
 At the wild yell and visage strange 
 
 And the dark Mords of giamarye, 
 The child, amidst the forest lx)wer, 
 StfKKl rooted like a lily flower; 
 And when at length, with trembling i)ace, 
 
 He s(»ught to find where nianksom,- laj, 
 He feared to see that grisly face 
 
 Glare from some thicket <in his way. 
 
 61 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 211 
 
 a 
 
 r« 
 
 I 
 
62 
 
 The Lay op thk Last Minstrkl. 
 
 CAN'n» in. 
 
 I 
 
 10 
 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
 25 
 
 HIb tawny muz/le tnioktid the grounrt (»», l(»), 
 
 Thus, startinj,' oft, lie journeytnl on, 
 
 And deeper in the wowl is gone, 
 
 For aye the more he sf)utfht his way, 
 The farther still he went astray,— 
 Until he heard the mountains round 
 Ring to the baying of a hound. 
 
 And hark! and liark! the deep-mouthed baik 
 
 Comes nigher still and nigher; 
 Bursts on the path a dark blo^xlhound, 
 His tawny muzzle tracked the ground,' 
 
 And his red eye shot fire. 
 Soon as the wildered child saw he, 
 He flew at him right furiouslie. 
 I ween you w(juld have seen with joy 
 The bearing of the gallant boy, 
 When, worthy of his noble sire, 
 His wet cheek glowed 'twixt fear and ire ! 
 He faced the blo<xlhound manful!}', 
 And held liis little bat on high ; 
 So fierce he struck, the dog, afraid, 
 At cautious distance hoarsely bayed, 
 
 But still in act to spring ; 
 When dashed an arohor through the glade, 
 And when he saw the hound was stayefl, ' 
 He drew his tough bowstring; 
 
CANTO III. Tub Lay op tub Last Minstrki. 
 
 03 
 
 But 
 
 a rough voico criwl, " SImkiI not, Itov ! 
 
 Ho! 8lKH)t not, Edwanl, -'tis a l»oy ! " 
 
 Tlie speaker issue*! from the w.mmI, 
 And checked his fellow's surly ukmxI, 
 
 And quelled the ban-<log's ire : 
 He wiis an English yeoman goo<l 
 
 And l)orn in Lancashire. 
 Well could he hit a fallow-deer 
 
 Five hundred feet liim fro; 
 With hand more true and eye more clear 
 
 No archer bended bow. 
 His coal-black hair, shorn round and close, 
 
 Set off his sun-burned face ; 
 Old England's sign, Saint George's cnws, 
 
 His harret-ciip did grace ; 
 His bui^'j-horn hung by his side. 
 All in a wolf-skin baldric tied ; 
 And his short falchion, sharp and clear, 
 Had pierced the throat of many a doer. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 His kirtle, made of forest <:reen 
 
 Reached scantly to his knei^ ; 
 And, at his belt, of arrows keen 
 
 A furbished sheaf bore he ; 
 His buckler scarce in breadth a siwin, 
 
 No longer fence had he; 
 He never counted him a man, 
 
 Would strike l)elow the knet! : 
 His slackened Ikjw was in his hand, 
 And the leash that was his bloo(Jhound's band. 
 
 ao 
 
 25 
 
 He would not do tiie fair child harm, 
 But held him with his powerful arm. 
 That he might neither fight nor flee ; 
 
 39 
 
04 
 
 u 
 
 20 
 
 I If 
 
 25 
 
 an 
 
 Tub Lay or tiik Last MiVfrruEL. 
 
 CANTO III. 
 
 For wlien the mi cross Hpie,J he 
 The boy Htrove long and vioIentV 
 ;;Now. by S,i , Oeor,e," the urdu. erics, 
 
 Edwanl, n.ethink.s we have a pri/o ! 
 1 UH buy's fair faee and courage free 
 Show he is come of high degree." 
 
 "Yes! I am come of high degree, 
 For I am the heir of In^ld Uuecleuch : 
 
 And, if thou dost not set mo free 
 
 False Southron, thou shult dnul'y rue ' 
 
 And Udham of Deloraine, g...l at n.ed. 
 And every Scott from Esk to Twee<l; 
 And, if thou dost not let me go 
 Despite thy arrows and thy lx>w' 
 I'll have thee hanged to feed the crow!" 
 
 « Graniercy for thy good-will, fair U.y f 
 My mind was never set so high • 
 But if thou art chief of such "a clan 
 And art the son of such a man, ' 
 And ever comest to thy c(.nunand 
 
 Our waniens had need to keep go^nl „rder • 
 My bow of yew to a hazel wand 
 
 Thou'lt make them work upon 'the Ruder- 
 Meantime, be pleased to come with me, 
 Jorgood Wd Dacre Shalt thou see • 
 I think our work is well begun 
 When we have taken thy father's son." 
 
 Although the child was led away 
 In Branksome still he seemed to stay 
 For so the T>^arf his part did play 
 And, ,n the shape of that young boy. 
 He wrought the castle much annoy. 
 
CANTO III. TiiK Lay op tmk Laht Mixmtukl. 
 
 fi5 
 
 t& 
 
 The cninm(l(>s of tlio young Buoclcuch 
 
 He pinched ami Ixjat and overthrew; 
 
 Nay, 8OII10 of them ho well-nigh Hlew. 
 
 He tore Danio Maudlin's silken tiro, 
 
 And, OH Sym Hull sto<Kj by the fire, « 
 
 Ho lighted the match of his hjindelier. 
 
 And wufully scorched the hnckbuteer. 
 
 It may Ix) hardly thought or said. 
 
 The mischief that the urchin made, 
 
 Till many of the castle guessed lo 
 
 That the young JJaron wiis jMissi'ssed ! 
 
 Well I ween the charm ho held 
 The noble Ijidye had soon dis|K'lled, 
 IJut she was deeply busied then 
 To tend the wounded Deloraine. 
 Much she wondered to find him lio 
 
 On the stone threshold stretclie<J along: 
 She thought some spirit of the sky 
 
 Had done the bold moss-tr«»oper wrong, 
 Because, despite her precept dread. 
 Perchance he in the Injok had read; 
 But the broken lance in his lK>som hUhhI, 
 And it was earthly steel and wood. / 
 
 Sho drew the splinter from the wound. 
 
 And with a charm she stanched the bl(Mxl. »-, 
 
 Sho bade the ga.sh be cleansed and bouml : 
 No longer by his couch she sto<Ml ; 
 
 But she has ta'en the broken lance. 
 And washed it from the clotted gon^, 
 And salved the splinter o'er and o'er. an 
 
 William of Deloraine, in trance, 
 
 \V hene'er she turned it round and louiul, 
 
 Twisted as if she galled his wound. 
 Then to her maidens she did say. 
 
 311 
 
66 
 
 10 
 
 U( 
 
 » 
 
 30 
 
 > 
 
 Tii« Uy or TiiK Imiit Minhtmkl. 
 
 V thm the course of a night «,.,j d 
 ful lung Hhe toiled, f„r «he di.I rue 
 MiHhap to friend «« Htout and tru.,. 
 
 ^ «.. panned the ,Jay-tho evening f,.|l 
 ;TwaH near the tin.o of curfew bell ; 
 The a.r w.« „,i,.,, the wind w.« cain, 
 Tl^ Htream wa« «nuK>th, the dew wan Uhn; 
 *;on the rude watchman on the tower ' 
 
 ^njoyed and blenHed the loxely hour 
 Far rnore fair Margaret loved an<] hiosHc.i 
 Tl.e hour of silence and of rest. 
 On the high turret sitting lone, 
 She M^ked at tin.es the lute's soft tone. 
 Touched a wild note, and all between 
 Thought of the bower of hawthorns green 
 er g„„ bair strean.ed free fron, Und 
 Her fair cheek rested on her hand, 
 
 Her blue eyes sought the west afar. 
 X^*r lovers love the western star. 
 
 !« yon the star, o'er Penchryst Pen, 
 Ihat rises slowly to her ken, 
 
 And, spreading broad its wavering li-^ht 
 Shakes its loo.se tresses on the nic^ht?" ' 
 I« yon red glare the western staA- 
 O, tis the beacon-blaze of war » 
 
 1 or well she lew the fire of death ! 
 
 The warder viewed it blazing strong, 
 And bW his war-note loud and lon^^, 
 Till at the high and haughty sound. 
 Rock, wood, and river rung around. 
 
 tWSTU Ut. 
 
CANTO III. The L\y ok tiik Laht Minhtkki* 
 
 67 
 
 Th« hliwt ttlarin(>(l tlio fcsliil Imll, 
 And HtartliHl forth the wurriors all ; 
 Far fluwiiward in the comIIo yurd 
 Full many a torch and creHMct glanMl ; 
 And helms and pluinoH, confuwHlly toM^il, 
 Were in the bla/o half netMi, half lost; 
 And Hjiears in wild diMordor shook, 
 Like rt'fds In-Hide a fro/en l)nK)k. 
 
 The Nuneschal, wIiono silver hair 
 Was rwhli'iiefl by the torches' j^lam, 
 StiMsl in the midst, with gesture proud, 
 And isrfued forth his mandates loud : 
 "On Penchryst glows a bale of firn, 
 And three are kindling on PricsthaughMwin> ; 
 Hide out, ride out, 
 The foe to scout I 
 Mount, mount for Uranksomo, every man ! 
 Thou, Todrig, warn the Jolinstoiu) elan, 
 
 That ever are true and stout. 
 Yo need not send to Liddesdalc, 
 For when they see the bla/iiig Iwle 
 
 Elliots and Armstrongs never fail. 
 
 Ride, Alton, ride, for death ami life. 
 And warn the warden of the strifi'! — 
 Y(»ung GillH>rt, let our Ix-acon bla/e, 
 Our kin and clan and friends to niise ! " 
 
 lf» 
 
 I.-. 
 
 Jii 
 
 Fair Marguret from the turret lie;ul 
 Hearfl far below the coursers' tre.ul, 
 
 Wliilo loud the harness ruii<' 
 As to their seats with clamor dread 
 
 The ready liorsemen sprung : 
 And trampling hoofs, and iron coats. 
 And leaders' voices, mingled notes. 
 
 3U 
 
M 
 
 TlIK I VY or TIIK UhT M|.NHTI(|«U tJ 
 
 AWIU III. 
 
 >r^k- 
 
 10 
 
 
 A Hhcot or rtiimo from thu l>,rr.t liiyli (.■«, li). 
 
 And out! nritl out ! 
 Ill liusty rout, 
 The horsemen galloiK^d forth ; 
 J)isperHinj,' to the south to scout, 
 ^^ And east, and west, and north. 
 To view their coniin^f enemies 
 And warn their vassals and allies. 
 
 The ready paije with hurrit-d hand 
 Awake<l tlie need fire's slumlK^ring ]>rand, 
 
 And ru.ddy hlushtul the heavt-n ; 
 F«.r a sheet of rtame from the turnt liigh 
 ^^'avt.d h'ko a hhHjilttag on the sky, 
 
 All flaring aiui neven. 
 
CANTO in. Thr I*av op tiii: ?^«t Mimhtrrl. 
 
 Thuy irlf-aniiMl on miiny a ilisxky U\n\ (8e, 7). 
 
 And M«»ou u isi'oro of fircy, I \v«>«'ii 
 
 From lu'iglit and hill and clifF wor,. .H4H3n, 
 
 Each M-ith wuilike tidings fr!iui,'lit ; 
 
 Kiich from each the .signal » t.iujht ; 
 
 Each after each they ^danced to Mght, 
 
 As stars arise U{H)n the night. 
 
 They gh'anii'd on many a dtisky tani, 
 
 Haunted hy the 1 .iiely C! . ti ; 
 
 On many a cairn's gray {iviumid, 
 
 Whete urns of mighty chiefs li liid ; 
 
 Till high DuntMlin the hlaz. > « ^w 
 
 From Soltra and I)iuiijM'n<lr; Law, 
 
 And L«)thian lii-ard tlu ijMgcM- •ndcr 
 
 That all should Iniwne th-tii :.»r llic J',<.rd<T, 
 
 The livelong night in JJrunk^ me 'ang 
 
 The ceaseless sound of .- fHi ; 
 The castle-beJl with hack ward larig 
 
 fcieut fortlj the larum jKial. 
 
 1*) 
 
 l& 
 
60 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
 Tub Lay cf tub Last Mixstiiel. 
 
 Was fre<|ueiit lieanJ the heavy jar, 
 Where niasay stone an(J iron Ur 
 Were piled on echoing keep and t<iwer, 
 To whehn the foe with deadly shoMcr ; 
 Was freciuent heard the changing guard, 
 And watchword from the sleej.less ward'; 
 While, vearied by the endless din, 
 liloodhound and ban-<Jog yelled within. 
 
 The noble dame, amid the broil. 
 Shared the gray seneschal's high' toil. 
 And spoke of danger with a smile, 
 Cheered the young knights, and council sage 
 Held with the chiefs of riper age. 
 No tidings of the foe wore brougiit. 
 Nor Of his numljers knew they augl.t. 
 Nor what in time of truce lie sought.' 
 
 Son.e said that there were thousands ten • 
 
 And others weened that it was nought 
 But I>;ven Cluns or Tynedale men, 
 
 Who came to gather in black-mail ; 
 
 An<l LiddesdaL, ^vith small avail, ' 
 ^ Might drive thon lightly birk agen. 
 
 f^o j)as.sed the anxious night away. 
 
 And welcome was the peep of day. 
 
 CA.VTO III. 
 
 35 
 
 ao 
 
 INTERLUDE 
 
 Ceased the high sound-the listening thron- 
 Applaud the Master of the Song ; ^ 
 
 And marvel much, in helpless age, 
 So hard should be his pilgrimage. 
 Had he no friend -no daughter flenr, 
 His wandering toil to share and chetir? 
 
CANTO III. The FiAY op tub Last Minhtrkl. 
 
 No son to \ye his father's stay, 
 And guide him on the rugged way? 
 " Ay, once he liad— but he was dead ! ' 
 Upon the harp he stooped his head, 
 And busied himself the strings withal, 
 To hide the tear that fain would fall. 
 In solemn measure, soft and slow, 
 Arose a father's notes <»f \v<m' 
 
 Gl 
 
 !l 
 
6a 
 
 Tub I^y op the Last Minstrel. 
 
 CANTO n*. 
 
 in 
 
 15 
 
 All, all is peaceful, all is still («», 6), 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 SwKioT Teviot ! on thy silver tide 
 
 The slarinj? I)ale-fiic8 blaze no more; 
 No longer steel-clad warriors ride 
 
 Along thy wild and willowed shore; 
 Wiiere'er thou wind'st by dale or hill, 
 All, all is peaceful, all is still. 
 
 As if thy waves, since time was born. 
 Since first they rolled upon the Tweed, 
 Had only heard the shepherd's reed, 
 
 Nor startled at the bugle-horn. 
 
 Unlike the tide of human time, 
 
 Wliich, though it change in ceaseless How, 
 Retains each grief, retains each crime, 
 
 Tts earliest course was do.*med to know, 
 And, darker as it downward bears, 
 Ts stained with past and present tears. 
 
 Tjow as that tide has eblied with mo, 
 
CANTO IV. TiiK Lay ok tilR Last AfiNsruKK. 
 
 03 
 
 It still relUvts to memory's rye 
 The hour my ]»rave, my only Uty 
 
 Fell by the side of great DuikUh'. 
 Why, wIk'm the volleying musket played 
 Against the blotxly Highland blade, 
 Why was not I Wside him laid?- 
 Enough— he died the death of fanie ; 
 Enough- he died with conquering (Jra-me. 
 
 Now over Border dale and fell 
 
 Full wide and far was terror spread ; 
 For pathless marsh and mountain cell 
 
 The peasant left his lowly shed. 
 The frightene<J fl<K'ks and liei-ds were pent 
 Beneath the peel's rude liattlement ; 
 Ai»d maids and matnuis dropped the tear, 
 While remly warriors seized the sptvar. 
 From P.ranksome's towers the watchman's eye 
 Dun wreaths of distant smoke can spy. 
 Which, curling in the rising sun, 
 ►Showed Southern ravage was lM'<'un. 
 
 Now loud the heedful gate-ward crit'd : 
 
 "Prepare ye all for blows and blood! 
 Watt Tinlinn, from the Lidilel-side, 
 Comes wading through the flood. 
 Full oft the Tynedale snatcheis knock 
 At his lone gate and piove the lotk ; 
 It was but last Saint Barnabright 
 They sieged him a whole summer night. 
 But fled at mornii.j,-; wM they knew, 
 In vain he never twange<i the yew. 
 llight sharp i as l)een the evening shower 
 That drove him from his Liddel tower; 
 And, by my faith," the gate-ward said, 
 "I think 'twill prove u Warden-Haid." 
 
 
 'JO 
 
 ^ 
 
 ao 
 
64 
 
 10 
 
 J.-. 
 
 The Lav or t,.e L...r A1,.n«,.«,,l. 
 
 f^AWTO IV. 
 
 And burnea my little lonely tower («5. 12, 
 
 He lee a small and sha^^gy ua^r 
 That through a Ik^ct f \ ^' 
 n ij 1 ® ^' ^'■o'n hair to Imrr 
 
 Could .«„„„ „k, ,„^ „.„,, = " >.ag, 
 
 It b„™ us wife ,„d „,,; P 2. 
 
 J-iughed to hor fri,.n,l« , ' 
 
 He Mas of statnr • "« ^''^ ''''^^^' 
 
 ^'i ot stature passing tall 
 
 A Mttored morion „„ hi, |,ro„-; 
 
 <>" I... broad «,,„„,,,,.„ ,, 
 
 -^ '-'•■.leraxel„|,i„,)„„, J__„""=. 
 
CANTO IV. The Lay op the Last Minstbkl. 
 
 66 
 
 His spear, six Scottish ells in length, 
 
 Se«'ni<tl newly dye<I with gore; 
 His shafts and bow, of wondrous strength, 
 
 His hardy partner bore. 
 
 Thus to the Ladye did Tinlinn show 5 
 
 The tidings of the English foe: 
 
 "Belted Will Howard is marching here. 
 
 And hot Lord Dacre, with many a sjjear. 
 
 And all the German hackbut-men 
 
 Who have long lain at Askerten. m 
 
 They crossed the Liddel at curfew hour, 
 
 And burned my little lonely tower— 
 
 The fiend receive their souls therefor! 
 
 It had not been burnt this year and more. 
 
 Barnyard and dwelling, blazing bright, 15 
 
 Served to guide me on my flight. 
 
 But I was chased the livelong night. 
 
 Black John of Akeshaw and Fergus Gnume 
 
 Fast upon my traces came, 
 
 Until I turned at Priesthauch Scro"" 
 
 Oft? 
 
 And shot their horses in the bog, 
 Slew Fergus with ray lance outright— 
 I had him long at high despite; 
 He drove my cows last Fastorn's night." 
 
 Now weary scouts from Liddesdale, r. 
 
 Fast hurrying in, confirmed the tale; 
 As far as they could judge by kon. 
 
 Three hours would bring to Teviot's strand 
 Three thousand armed Englishmen. 
 
 Meanwhile, full many a warlike band, so 
 
 From Teviot, Aill, and Ettrick shade, 
 Came in, their chiefs defence to aid. 
 There was saddling and mounting in IwisU', 
 
 There was pricking o'er mcwr and lea; 
 
 t-> 
 
 21) 
 
 m 
 
6« 
 
 Q 
 
 M 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
 TifK Lay of thr Last Mivotrru 
 
 CAKTO IV. 
 
 From fair tiaint Alaiy's nilvor wave («•, 3). 
 
 He that was last at the trysting-place 
 Was hut hghtly held of his gay ladye. 
 
 From fair Saint Mary's silver wavo 
 
 From dreary Gamescleuch's dusky' height, 
 His ready lances Thirlestane hrave 
 Arrayed l)cneath a banner Lri-ht 
 p»e tressured fleur-de-luce he claims 
 To wreathe his shield, since royal Jam..H. 
 Encamped by Fala's mossy wave, 
 The proud distinction grateful gave 
 
 For faith mid feudal jars ; 
 Wliat time, save Thirlestane' alone 
 Of Scotland's stubborn barons nonL 
 Would march to southern wars • 
 And hence, in fair remembrance worn 
 Yon sheaf of spears his crest has bo.ne • 
 Hence his high motto shines revealed ' 
 "Ready, aye ready," for the field. , ' 
 
 r 
 
 An aged knight, to danger steeled, 
 >Vith many a moss-trooper, came on; 
 
CANTO IV. Tub Lay of tiik Last Minstuki* 
 
 t)7 
 
 And, azure in a golden field, 
 
 Tlie stars and crescent graced his shielil, 
 Without the Ijend of Murdieston. 
 
 Wide lay his lands round Oakw.Hxl Tow«'i-, 
 
 And wide round haunted Castle-Ower; 
 
 High over Borthwick's mountain no<j<l 
 
 His w(MMl-embosonied mansion stood ; 
 
 Tn the dark glen, so deep below. 
 
 The herds of plundered England low, 
 
 His Ijold retainers' daily food, 
 
 And Imught with danger, blows, and bloo<l. 
 
 Marauding chief! his sole delight 
 
 The miKmlight raid, the morning fight; 
 
 Not even the Flower of Yarrow's charms 
 
 In youth might tame his rage for arms; 
 
 And still in age he spurned at rest, 
 
 And still liis brows the helmet presse<l, 
 
 AllK?it the blanched locks Ijelow 
 
 Were white as Dinlay's spotless snow. 
 
 Five stately warriors drew the sword 
 
 iJofore their father's band; 
 A braver knight than irarden's lord 
 Ne'er Ixjlted on a brand. 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 ;i 
 
 Scotts of Eskdale, a stalwart Ijand, 
 Came trooping down the T(j<lshawhill ; 
 
 J3y the sword they won their land, 
 And by the sword they hold it still. 
 
 Hearken, Ladye, to the tale 
 
 How thy sires won fair Eskdale. 
 
 Earl Morton was lord of that valley fair. 
 
 The Beattisons were his vas.sals there. 
 
 The earl was gentle and mild of m«MKl, 
 
 The vassals were warlike and fierce and rude; 
 
 3D 
 
68 
 
 15 
 
 //. 
 
 Tub Lav of tub Imht MmHTKKL. 
 
 CAWTO IV. 
 
 Hiffh of heart and haughty „f word. 
 Littio t u.y rocked of a turne liego-lord. 
 The earl ,„to fair E«kd«Ie came 
 
 Of Odlx.rt the Galliun] a heriot J.e Houuht 
 
 " lea., rfin BucWct better than Z:- 
 
 Word „n w,.,d gave fuel to Are, 
 
 T.l »o I,.gh hhml the Beatu™-, i,^ 
 
 The va»« , there their lor<l ha,l »W„ 
 *'"!'"P''«ib.'tl. whip and «p„r, 
 
 And It fell down a weary weight 
 
 JuHt on the tl„«,h„,a „, BranL;» gate. 
 
 The earl wa, a wrathfnl „,a„ .„ ^, 
 ;"" '•'» avenged would he be 
 In haste to Branksome's lord lie ,p„i,e 
 «ay.ng "Take tl,e«, t™to. to tiryl- 
 For a cast of hawks n^nA . ^ }«"«, 
 
 All Eskdale IllTnZ r T"" "' «"'•"• 
 Besbrew thy h art of « ' ."■ ™ "'"' ''"''' = 
 
 » thou leaves on Eske ''7"^' "'»" 
 
 cavt,sc on ii,ske a landed man I 
 
 But j,pare W„Klkerrick's lands alonT 
 For he lent me his horse to escape ;po„ » 
 A gl,ul „,„„ u.en was Branks„„a bol^ 
 
 ToEu;,"""'""' "'«?"-<-' soldi' 
 To iskdale soon be spurred an,ai,t 
 
 A..lw.thh,n, five bundrcKl riders l«ta>e„. 
 
 >t 
 
CANTO ,v. TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minhtkkl. 
 
 GU 
 
 Ami alono lie won«I<«<l to tho pluin, 
 
 To raeot with tho Galliunl and all liis tniin. 
 
 To GillK-Tt the GalUard thus ho Haiil : 
 
 " Know thou me for thy lioge-lor.! and liemi ; 
 
 Deal not with me as with Morton tamo, 
 
 For Scotts play Ijest at tho roughest game. 
 
 Give me in iKjaeo my heriot due, 
 
 Thy honny white hUhhI, or thou shalt rue. 
 
 If my horn I three times wind, 
 
 Esk(Jale .shall long have tho Hound in mind." 
 
 ^1 
 
 III 
 
 15 
 
 Ijoudly the Deattison laughed in scorn ; 
 
 " Little care we for thy winded horn. 
 
 Ne'er shall it l)e tho Galliard's lot 
 
 To yield his sttH?d to a haughty Scott. 
 
 Wend thou to Branksome back on foot, 
 
 With rusty spur and miry IxK^t." 
 
 lie blew his bugle so loud and hojuse 
 
 That the dun deer started at fair Craikcross; 
 
 He blew again so loud and clear, 
 
 Through the gray mountain-mist there did lanc..sapp«.ar;3f) 
 
 And the third blast rang with such a din 
 
 That the echoes answered from tho Pentoun-linrj, 
 
 And all his riders came lightly in. 
 
 Then had you seen a gallant shock, 
 
 When saddles were emptied and lances broke! 
 
 For each scornful woid the Galliaid had said 
 
 A Beattison on the field was laid. 
 
 His own good sword tho chieftain drew. 
 
 And he bore the Oalliard through and through ; 
 
 Where the Beattisons' blow! mixed with tho rill| 
 
 The Galliard s Haugh men call it still. 
 
 The Scotts have scattered the Boattis(»n clan, 
 
 In Eskdale they left but one landed man. 
 
 i:i 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
70 
 
 \1 
 
 u 
 
 20 
 
 \U 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 TiiK Tav or tiik Lamt Mivhtkkl. 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 The valley of Enkc, fron. the mouth t,> tl.o aourcc. 
 >N«iM IciHt and won for that bouny white ho,^e. 
 
 WhitHludo the H«wk, a,ul Headnhaw ..«,ne 
 And wuniors „u„.„ than I may „a,ne; 
 *'■;'" Yum.w-ch.UKh to Hin.lhaugh-Mwair, 
 
 J* mm WtKxJhouHelio to Che^tiT-glen 
 lnK.iKHl «,an and horse, and bow and «pc,ar • 
 
 lu-ir gathering word was Bollonden. 
 And iHitter hearts o'er Bor.ler sod 
 To siege or i-escue never rode. 
 The L.ulyo markwl the aids come in 
 
 Ami high her heart of pri.le arose': 
 |j.he bade her youthful s„n attend, 
 Ihat he might km.w his father's friend, 
 
 An«l h'arn to face his foes. 
 " '^'•® •'^'y '« ripe to look on war ; 
 
 I saw him draw a cros.s-lx.w stiff, 
 And iiis true arrow stiuck afar 
 
 The raven's nest upon tlie cliff; 
 The red cross on a Southein brealt 
 Is broader than the ra\en's nost • 
 Thou. Whitshuh, shall teach bin. bis wea,K,« (o widd 
 And o'er him hold his father's shield." 
 
 Well may you think the wily page 
 Cared not to face the I^ye sage. 
 He counterfeited childish fear, 
 And shrieked, and shed full many a tear 
 Am n,oaned, nr.d plained in manner wild 
 The attendants to the Ladye told 
 
 Some faJry, sure, had changetl the Jhil.l, 
 Ibat wont t«, 1x3 so free and bold. 
 
 Then wrathful xvas the noble dame; 
 
 Mie blushed blood-red for very shame • 
 
cANTt IV. Tub I^y or tiib I^ht Minhtkrl. 
 
 ••Ilfncc! oro tlio clan hin fttintiiCHH view; 
 lleiico with tlie weakling to nuecUnich !— 
 Watt Tinlinn, thou shall bo Iuh guitio 
 To llangU'hufn'a lonnly side. - 
 8u'*o, Honio fell fiend has curNnl our line, 
 That cowattj should e'er bo son of mine ! " 
 
 71 
 
 A heavy tank Watt Tinlinn lia«l, , - 
 
 To guide the counterfeited lad. 
 
 ►Soon as tho palfrey felt the weight 
 
 Of that ill-omened elfish firight, m 
 
 He bulutl, sprung, and i-earod amain, 
 
 Nor hoetled bib nor cuH) nor rein. 
 
 It cost Watt Tinlinn mieklo toil 
 
 To drive him but a Scottish mile; 
 
 But as a shallc^w brook they crossed, u 
 
 The elf, aniid the running stream, 
 
 His figure changwl, like form in dream. 
 And fled, and shouted, •' b)st ! lost ! hwt ! " 
 
 Full fast the urchin ran and lau<'he<l. 
 
 Hut faster still a cloth-yard shaft 20 
 
 Whistled from startled Tinlinn's yew. 
 
 And pierced his shoulder through and through. 
 
 Although tho imp might not be slain. 
 
 And though tho wound soon healed again, 
 
 Yet, as he ran, ho yelled for pain; 05 
 
 And Watt of Tinlinn, much agjjast, 
 
 Rode l)ack to Ihanksome fiery fast. 
 
 Soon on the hill's steep verge he stoiKl, 
 
 That liNiks o'er IJranksome's towers and wood ; 
 
 And martial nmrmurs from IkjIow 30 
 
 Proclainied the approaching Southern foe. 
 
 Through the dark wo«»d, in mingled tone, 
 
 Were Border pipes and bugles blown ; 
 
72 
 
 // 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 n 
 
 a» 
 
 30 
 
 The Lav or tiik Law Minotbku 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 The counww' iieighin« he could ken, 
 A meiwured tread of nuirching men ; 
 While broke at tin,eH the Holeinn hum, 
 The Almayn's sullen kettlenirum ; 
 And banners tall, of crimson shwn, 
 
 AiMJve the cojiHe appoar • 
 And. gliHtening through the hawthorns green. 
 
 Shnie helm and shield and speiir. 
 
 Light forayers firnt, to view the ground 
 Npurrod their fleet coursers loosely round • 
 JJehind, in close array, and fast, ' 
 
 The Kendal archers, all in green 
 Obedient to the bugle blast. 
 
 Advancing from the wood were seen. 
 To Wk and guard the archer bund, 
 r^>rd Dacro's biUmen were'at hand : 
 A hardy race, on Irthing bre<i, 
 With kirtles white and crosses red. 
 Arrayed beneath the Unner tall 
 That streamed o'er Acre's conc,uere<J wall • 
 And minstrels, as they marched in order. 
 Played " Noble Ix,rd Dacre. he dwells on the Border." 
 iSeliind the English bill and Iww 
 The mercenaries, firm and slow, 
 
 Moved on to fight in dark array, 
 Ily Conrad led of Wolfenstein, 
 Who brought the band from distant Rhine 
 ^ And sold their blood for foreign pay 
 The camp their home, their law the swo.xl. 
 They knew no country, owned no lord : 
 T.ey were not armed like England's sons, 
 iiut bore the levin-darting guns • 
 Buff-coats, all frounced and broidered o'er 
 And morsing-liorns and scarfs they wore-' 
 
cAtmt IV. Tub Lav or nil La«t Mi:imthix. 
 
 73 
 
 it 
 
 Tho Hlniiiiintr haixh of vtivU t-ruMH-buw (J4, H). 
 
 Ettch better kne« was bared, to uid 
 The warriors in the escuhule j 
 All OH they marched, in rugge<l tongue 
 Songs of Teutonic feud they sung. 
 
 But louder still the clamor grew, 
 And loucler still tho minstrels blew, 
 When, from beneath the groenw(K»rl tree, 
 Rode forth Lord Howanl's chivalry : 
 His men-at-arms, with giaivo and Kj)ear, 
 Brought up the battle's glittering rear. 
 There many a youthful knight, full keen 
 To gain his spurs, in arms w»w seen, 
 With favor in his crest or glove, 
 Memorial of his ladye-lovo. 
 
 lu 
 
74 
 
 :iA; 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
 % 
 
 30 
 
 The Lav of tub Last Minstkel. 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 «o rode they forth in fair array, 
 
 Till full their lengthened lines display; 
 
 Then called a halt, and made a stand ' 
 
 And cried, "Saint George for merry England I" 
 
 Now every English eye intent 
 
 On Branksome's armed towers was bent • 
 
 So near they were that they might know 
 
 Ihe straining harsh of each cross-bow; 
 
 On battlement and bartizan 
 
 Gleamed axe and spear and partisan ; 
 
 Falcon and culver on each tower 
 
 Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower • 
 
 And flashing armor frequent broke 
 
 From eddying whirls of sable smoke. 
 
 Where upon tower and turret head 
 
 The seething pitch and molten lead 
 
 Ileeked like a witch's caldron red. 
 
 While yet they gaxe, the bridges fall, 
 
 The wiuket opes, and from the wall 
 Hides forth the hoary seneschal. 
 
 Armed lie rode, all save the head 
 
 His white beard o'er his breastplate spread : 
 
 L/nbtoke by age, erect his seat. 
 
 He ruled his eager courser's gait 
 
 Forced him with chastened fire to prance 
 
 And, high curvetting, slow advance : 
 
 In sign of truce, his better hand 
 
 Displayed a peeled willow wand; 
 
 His squire, attending in the rear, 
 
 Bore high a gauntlet on a spear. 
 
 When they espied him riding out, 
 
 rx>rd Howard and Lord Dacre sttiut 
 
 Sped to the front of their array 
 
 To hear what this old knight should say 
 
cA^r^o iv. TiiB Lay of tub Last Minsthel. 
 
 75 
 
 " Yo English warden lonls, of you 
 Demands the I^udye of Buccleucli, 
 Why, 'gainst the tiuco of Border tiu 
 In hostile guise ye dare to ride, 
 With Kendal bow and Gilsland brand, 
 And all yon mercenary band, 
 UlKHi the bounds of fair Scotland ? 
 JMy I^idye reads you swith return ; 
 And, if but one poor straw you burn, 
 Or do our towers so much molest 
 As scare one swallow from her nest 
 Saint Mary! but we'll light a brand 
 Shall warm your hearths in Cumberland." 
 
 A wrathful man was Dacre's lord, 
 But calmer Howard took the word : 
 " May't please thy dame. Sir Seneschal, 
 To seek the cjustlo's outward wall, 
 Our pursuivant-at-arms shall show 
 Both why we came and when we go." 
 The message sped, the noble dame 
 To the wall's outward circle came; 
 Each chief around leaned on his siniar. 
 To see the pursuivant apjHjar. 
 All in Tjord Howard's livery dressed. 
 The lion argent decked his breast; 
 He led a lx)y of blooming hue — 
 O sight to meet a mother's view! 
 Tt was the heir of great Buccleucli. 
 Oljcisance meet the herahl made, 
 And thus his master's will he said : 
 
 "It irks, high dame, my noble lords, 
 'Gainst ladye fair to draw their swords ; 
 But yet they may nut tanuily see, 
 All through the Western Wardeury, 
 
 I !U 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 au 
 
 'ia 
 
 39 
 
76 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 » 
 
 The Lay of the Last Minstuel. 
 
 Your law-contemning kinsmen ride, 
 And burn and spoil the Border-«ide; 
 And ill beseems your rank and birth 
 To make your towers a flemens-firth. 
 \Ve cUim from thee William of Deloraine, 
 Ihat he may suffer march-treason piia 
 It was but last Saint Cuthbert's even 
 He pricked to Stapleton on Leven, 
 Harried the lands of Richard Mu^rav. 
 And slew his bi-other by dint of glaive' 
 Then, since a lone and widowed dame 
 The.se restless riders may not tame, 
 Either receive within thy towers 
 Two hundred of my master's powers 
 Or straight they sound their warriscin 
 And storm and spoil thy garrison ; 
 And this fair boy, to London led, 
 Shall good King Edwai-d's page he bred." 
 
 He ceased-and loud the Itoy did cry 
 And stretched his little arms on hicrh 
 Implored for aid each well-known f^e. 
 And strove to seek the dame's embracL 
 A moment changed that I^lye's cheer. 
 Gushed to her eye the unbidden tear; 
 She gazed upon the leaders round, 
 And dark and sad each warrior frowned • 
 Then deep within her sobbing breast ' 
 She locked the struggling sigh to rest, 
 Unaltered and collected sUtod, 
 And thus replied in dauntless nuKnl : 
 
 "Say to your lords of high emprise 
 
 Who war on women and on Ixjys, 
 
 That either William of Deloraine ' 
 
 Will clean.se him by oath of march-treason stain, 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 I 
 
CANTO IV. TiiK Lay op tiik Last Minstrkl. 
 
 77 
 
 Or else ho will the coinUt take 
 'Gainst Musgrave for his honor's sako. 
 No knight in Cumljerland so good 
 But William may count with him kin and l)l»xxl. 
 Knighthood ho took of Douglas' sword, 
 When English blood swelled Ancram ford; 
 And but Lord Dacre's steed was wight, 
 And bare him ably in the flight, 
 Himself had seen him dubbed a knight. 
 For the young heir of Branksome's line, 
 God be his aid, and God be mine ! 
 Through mo no friend shall meet his doom; 
 Here, while I live, no foe finds room. 
 Then, if thy lords their purpose urge, 
 
 Take our defiance loud and hiffh : 
 Our slogan is their lyke-wake dirge, 
 
 Our moat the grave where they shall lie. 
 
 Proud she looked round, applause to claim — 
 Then lightened Thirlestane's eye of flame; 
 
 His bugle Wat of Harden blew; 
 Pensils and pennons wide were flung, 
 To heaven the Border slogan rung. 
 
 " Saint Mary for the young Buccleuclt ! " 
 The English war-cry answered wide. 
 
 And forward bent each Southern sj)ear ; 
 Each Kendal archer made a strirlo, 
 
 And drew the l)Owstring to his oar ; 
 Each minstrel's war-not« loud was IjIowm : 
 But, ere a giitv-goose shaft had flown, 
 
 A horseman galloped from tlic roar. • 
 
 *' Ah ! noble lords ! " he breathlos.s said, 
 " What treason has your maicli Ix^trayed ? 
 What mr.ke you hcio from aid so far, 
 Before you walls, around you war ? 
 
 |- i 
 
 IS 
 
 m 
 
 iS 
 
 30 
 
7« 
 
 The Lay op tub Last Minstrel. 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 10 
 
 Your f.K^mon triumph in tho thought 
 
 That in the toils the lion's caught. 
 
 Already on dark Ruberslaw 
 
 The Douglas holds l,is weai)on-schaMr ; 
 
 The lances, waving in his train, 
 
 Clothe the dun heath like autumn grain • 
 
 And on the Liddel's northern stranrl, 
 
 To Ur retreat to Cumljerland, 
 
 Ix>rd Maxwell ranks his merrymen goorl 
 
 Beneath the eagle and the rood ; 
 
 And Jedwood, Eske, and Teviotdale, 
 
 Have to proud Angus come ; 
 And all the Merse and Uuderdale 
 Have risen with haughty Home. 
 An exile from Northuml)erland, 
 
 In Liddesdale I've wandered ' long, 
 But still my heart was with merry**England 
 
 And cannot br(K>k my country's wron.r • 
 And hard I've spurred all night, to show 
 The mustering of tho coming foe." 
 
 " And let them come ! " fierce Daero crie.I ; 
 
 " For soon yon crest, my father's pride, 
 That swept the shores of Judah's sea, ' 
 And waved in gales of Galilee, 
 From Branksome's highest towers displayed, 
 Slmll mock the rescue's lingering aid '— 
 Level each harquebuss on row; 
 Draw, merry archers, draw the' Iww; 
 Up, billmen, to the walls, and cry, 
 Dacre for England, win or die ! "— 
 
 "Yet hear," quoth Howard, "calmly hear, 
 Nor deem n.y words tho words of fear • 
 For who, in field or foray slack, 
 Saw the Blanche Licm e'er fall i,ack ? 
 
10 
 
 t& 
 
 f-ANTo IV. TiiR Lav op tiik Last Minhtrrf.. 79 
 
 But thus to risk our IJonlor flower 
 
 In strife against a kingdom's power, 
 
 Ten thousand Scots 'gainst thousands three, 
 
 Certes, were desperate policy. 
 
 Nay, take the terms the Latlye nwwle 
 
 Ere conscious of the a<lvancing aid : 
 
 rx5t IVIusgrave meet fierce Delorainc 
 
 In single fight, and if he gain, 
 
 He gains for us ; hut if he's crossed, 
 
 'Tis hut a single warrior lost : 
 
 The rest, retreating as they came. 
 
 Avoid defeat and death and shame." 
 
 Ill could the haughty Dacre brook 
 His brother warden's sago rebuke; 
 And yet his forward step he staytnl, 
 And slow and sullenly ol)eyed. 
 But ne'er again the Border side 
 Did these two lords in friendship ride; 
 ' But this slight discontent, men say, 
 Cost bliHxl upon another day. 
 
 The pursuivant-at-arms again 
 
 liefore the castle took his stand ; 
 His trumpet called with parleying strain 
 
 The leaders of the Scottish band ; 
 And he defied, in Musgrave's riglit, 25 
 
 Stout Deloraino to single fight. 
 A gauntlet at their feet ho laid. 
 And thus the terms of fight he said : 
 " If in the lists good Musgrave's sw(ii<l 
 
 Vanquish the Knight of Deloraine, an 
 
 Your youthful chieftain, Branksonu^'s lord. 
 
 Shall hostage for his clan remain ; 
 If Deloraine foil gmxl Musgrave, 
 The Iwy his liberty shall have. 
 
 fp'-i" 
 
80 
 
 TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minstubl. 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 ao 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 Scottish battlc-axeo. 
 
 Ilowe'er it falls, the English band, 
 Unharming Scots, hy Scots unharine<l, 
 In peaceful inarch, like men unarnuHl, 
 
 Shall straight retreat to Cumberland." 
 
 Unconscious of the near relief. 
 
 The proffer pleased each Scottish chief, 
 
 Though much the I^ye sago gainsaid ; 
 For though their hearts were brave and true 
 From Jodwood's recent sack they knew 
 
 How tardy was the Regent's aid : 
 And you may guess the noble dame 
 
 Durst not the secret prescience own 
 Sprung from the art she might not name, 
 By which the coming help was known. ' 
 Closed was the compact, and agreed 
 That lists should be enclosed with spee<l 
 
 Beneath the castle on a lawn: 
 They fixed the morrow for the strife. 
 On foot, with Scottish axe and knife. 
 
 At the fourth hour from peep of dawn ; 
 When Deloraine, from sickness freed, 
 Or else a champion in his stead, 
 Should for himself and chieftain' stand 
 Against stout Musgrave, hand to hand. 
 
 I know right well that in their lay 
 Full many minstrels sing and say 
 
CANTO IV. The Lav op thk ],\ht Minhtkkl 
 
 81 
 
 Such comlmt hlioiild |)o nuide on Ihusp, ' 
 
 On foaming stotnl, in full cjiroor, 
 With hrund to ui«l, whtMuis the sj»t»ar 
 
 8ht»uld shiver in tlie course : 
 But he, the jovial har|)er, tauglit 5 
 
 Me, yet a youth, liow it was f()ught, 
 
 In guise which now I say ; 
 He knew each onlinanco and clause 
 Of r.lack I^rd Archil>ald\s hatth'-laws, 
 
 In the old Doughus' day, |„ 
 
 lie brooked not, he, that scoffing tongue 
 Should tax his niinstrclsy with wrou". 
 
 Or call his song untrue: 
 For this, wlien they the goblet j>lie«l, 
 And such ru<le taunt had chafed his pride, i.-, 
 
 The Bard of Reull he slew. 
 On Teviot's side in fight they stfKxl, 
 And tuneful hands were stained with bloinl, 
 Where still the thorn's white l)ranohes wave, 
 Memorial o'er his rival's grave. .jn 
 
 Why should I tell the rigid doom 
 That dragged my master to his torn!) ; 
 
 How Ousenam's maidens tore their hair, 
 Wept till their eyes were dead and dim. 
 And wrung their hands for love of him 
 
 Who died at Jedwood Air? 
 He died!— his scholars, one by one, 
 To the cold silent grave are gone ; 
 And 1, alas! survive alone. 
 To muse o'er rivalries of yore. 
 And grieve that T shall hear no more 
 The strains, with envy hoard before ; 
 For, with my minstrel brethren fled, 
 My jealousy of song is dead. 
 
 a". 
 
 ao 
 
82 
 
 Tub Lay of tub Last Minhtkkl. 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 10 
 
 lo 
 
 •M 
 
 INTKKLl I)E. 
 
 Hb pau8e<J : the listening danieR again 
 Ai)plaud the hoary Minstrel'H strain. 
 With many a word of kindly clieor,— 
 In pity half, and half sincere,— 
 Marvelled the Duchess how so well 
 His legendary song could tell 
 Of ancient decfls, so long forgot ; 
 Of fouil.s, whose memory was not; 
 Of forests, now laid waste and bare; 
 Of towers, which harbor now the hare; 
 Of manners, long since changed and gone; 
 Of chiefs, who under their gray stone 
 So long had slept that fickle Fame 
 Had blotted from her rolls tht^ir name. 
 And twined round some new minion's head 
 The fading wreath for which they bled : 
 In sooth, 'twjis strange this old man's verse 
 Could call them from their nmrble hearse. 
 
 The harper smiled, well pleased ; for ne'er 
 Was flattery lost on poet's ear. 
 A simple race! they waste their toil 
 For the vain tribute of a smile; 
 E'en when in age their flame expires, 
 Her dulcet breath can fan its fires: 
 Their drooping fancy wakes at praise. 
 And strives to trim the short-lived blaze. 
 
 Smiled then, well pleased, the 
 And thus his tale continued ran. 
 
 aged man. 
 
oAxro V. Tub Lay op tiik Last Min«trkl. 
 
 83 
 
 Mute Nature nioiirnH her wowhlppor (83, 3). 
 
 I 
 
 CANTO v. 
 
 Caul it nut vain :— thoy d.) n„t err, 
 Wh.) say that when the poet dies 
 
 Mute Nature mcmrns her worshipiw 
 And celebrates his ohse«|uies; 
 
 Who say tall cliff and cavern lone 
 F<.r the departed hard make n)()an ; 
 That mountains weep in crystal rill ; 
 That flowers in tears of l)ahn disti! ;' 
 Through his loved jfroves that hr.nv.es si-h, 
 And oaks in deep(>r groan reply, 
 And rivers teach their rushing wave 
 To murmur dirges round his grave. 
 
 Not that, in .sooth, o'er mortal urn 
 Those things inanimaK; cm nu.urn, 
 But that the stream, the u«,<,(|, M,o gaje. 
 Is vocal with the plaintive wail 
 Of those who, else forgotten long, 
 Lived in tl>e p<H3t's faithful s«mg7 
 .tnd, with the poets parting l.reath, 
 ^lH>se memory f<^.ls a se<-<md death. 
 
 J 
 
 H) 
 
 15 
 
 Mte 
 
Hi 
 
 TiiR Lay op tub Last Minmthkl. CAvro 
 
 i(t 
 
 i« 
 
 Now. f„„u the. iii.).int4ilnV ,„isfy ,hr„„o (Hi, U), 
 
 TIio maid's pule sliaiK', who wails lior lot, 
 That luve, tiuo lovp, should bo for^rot, 
 From r(»se and hawthoi-,i slmkes the Lnv 
 I'poii the gentle minstrel's bier : 
 The phantom knij,'ht, his glory fled, 
 Mourns o'er the field he heaped with dead, 
 Mounts the wild blast that sweeps amain 
 And shrieks along the bittle-plain ; 
 The chief, whose anticjue crownlet long 
 •Still sparkled in the feudal song, 
 Now, from the mountain's misty throne, 
 'Sees, in the thaiiedom once liis own, 
 His ashes undistinguished lie. 
 His j.lace, his power, his memory di. . 
 J lis groans the lonely caverns fill, 
 mpol the rill; 
 
 His tears of rag(; i 
 
85 
 
 CAirr.,v. TlIK Lat OP TIIK Laht Mivstukl. 
 
 All mourn tlio minstrerH iuirp .instrunj,', 
 TlH-ir niwiM. unkm>wn, thfir pmise ui.sun^r. 
 
 .Scarwly the hot nnmuU was .stuynj, 
 
 The teriiw of truco were scancly imul,., 
 
 When they eoul.I Mpy, fro,,, l;,a„kso,„e's foweis. 
 
 The advaneiny manh of ii.a.tial |k,xv. ,s. 
 
 Thick vUmtU of ,lust afar a|.|K'a,'ei|, 
 
 And t,-an,pling Ht^nls wen, faintly hear.1 ; 
 
 Hii^'lit Ni)ear8 uIhjvb the eohiinns ilun 
 
 Glaneed nionientary to the sun ; 
 
 And feudal Iwinnei-s fair disj.javed 
 
 The hands that moved to li,ankHonu. s aid. 
 
 Vails not to tell each liar.ly elan, 
 From the fair Middle Marehes laiiie ; 
 
 The IMixnly Heart hla/ed in the van. 
 Announcing Douglas, dreaded ,1,1,1 le ! 
 
 Vails not to tell what steeds did Npurn, 
 
 Whei-o the Seven SiM-a.s of \\edde,l,uri,e 
 Their men in batthM)i<ler set, 
 
 And Swinton laid the lance in ,t.st 
 ' That tamed of yoie the sparkling crest 
 
 ) 
 
 Of Clarence's Plantagenet. 
 Xor list I Hjiy what hu,i(l,eds iiioie, 
 From the rich lAreiso and Ui„.iieniio,v. 
 And Tweed's fair l)o,'(]ers, to tin* war, 
 Beneath the c-est of old l)uid)ar 
 
 And Hephuin's mingled hjuineis, com.. 
 Down the steep mountain glitterim; fm-, 
 
 And shouting still, '-A Home! ,1 llom,'.' " 
 
 Now scjuire and knight, fiom lJ,iinksume sent, 
 
 On many a couiteous message went : 
 
 To every chief and lord they paid 
 
 Meet thanks for prompt aiui poweiful aid, 
 
 I" 
 
 1.-. 
 
 Ill 
 
 ■i» 
 
 .10 
 
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART 
 
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 ' 
 
 ir; 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 86 TiiK Lay of tiik TiAsx Minstrel. 
 
 And told them luiw a triu-e was made, 
 And how a day of fi<,'ht was ta'en 
 'Twixt Musgravo and stout Deloraine ; 
 
 And how tlie I^idye prayed them dear 
 That all would stay the fight to see, 
 And deign, in love and courtesy. 
 
 To taste of Branksome cheer. 
 Nor, while they bade to feast each Scot, 
 Were England's noble lords forgot. 
 Himself, the hoary senesclial. 
 Rode forth, in seemly tern)s to call 
 Those gallant foes to Branksome Hall. 
 Accepted Howard, than whom knight 
 W{uj never dubbed, more bold in fiyht. 
 Nor, when from war and armor free. 
 More famed for stately courtesy ; 
 But angry Dacro rather chose 
 In his pavilion to repose. 
 
 Now, noble dame, perchance you ask 
 How these two liostile armies m(;t. 
 Deeming it were no easy task 
 
 To keep the truce which here was set; 
 Where martial spirits, all on fire, 
 i5reathed only blood and mortal ire. 
 By mutual inroads, mutual blows, 
 By habit, and by nation, foes. 
 
 They met on Teviot's strand; 
 They met and sate them mingled down, 
 Without a threat, without a frown, 
 30 As brothers meet in foreign land : 
 
 The hands, the spear that lately giasped, 
 Still in the mailed gauntlet clasped. 
 Were interchanged in greeting dear; 
 
 20 
 
 35 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
CANTO V. TiiK Lay ov tiik Last Minstkkl. 
 
 87 
 
 Visors wore Kviscd and faces shown («7, \). 
 
 ^^iso^s were raised uiul faces sliowii, 
 
 And many a friend, to friend made known, 
 
 Partook of social cheer. 
 Some drove the jolly Ixjwl alxiut ; 
 
 With dice and draughts some chase' the «lav ; 
 And some, with luany a merry shout, 
 In riot, revelry, and rout. 
 
 Pursued the football play. 
 
 Yet, be it known, had bugles blown 
 
 Or sign of war been seen, 
 Those bands, so fair together ranged, 
 Those hands, so fr-ankly interrhaf ^-ed, 
 
 Had dyed with gore the green : 
 The merry shout by Teviot-side 
 Had sunk in war-cries wild and wide, 
 
 And in the groan of death ; 
 
 10 
 
 1.1 
 
88 
 
 The La\ of the Last Minstkel. 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
 
 10 
 
 
 15 
 
 'M 
 
 30 
 
 And wliingers, now in friendship Iwirc, 
 Tlio social moul to part and sliare, 
 
 Had found a l)lo<xly slicath. 
 Twixt truce and war, such sudden cliangt? 
 Was not infretiuent, nor held strange, 
 
 Tn tlie old Uorder-ilay ; 
 J5ut yet on Branksonie's towers and town, 
 In peaceful merriment, sunk down 
 
 The sun's declining ray. 
 
 The blithesome signs of wassail gay 
 Decayed not with the dying day; 
 Soon through the latticed windows tall 
 Of lofty Branksonie's lordly hall, 
 Divided scjuare by shafts of stone, 
 Huge flakes of ruddy lustre shone; 
 Nor less the gilded rafters ran" 
 With merry harp and beakers' clang; 
 And frecpient, on the darkening plain, 
 
 Loud hollo, whoop, or whistle ran, 
 As bands, their stiagglers to regain. 
 
 Give the shrill watchword of their clan ; 
 And revellers, o'er their bowls, proclaim 
 Douglas' or Dacre's concjuering name. 
 
 Jjess frequent heard, and fainter still. 
 At length the various clamors died, 
 And you might hear from Branksome hill 
 
 No sound but Teviot's rushing tide ; 
 Save when the changing sentinel 
 The challenge of his watch could tell ; 
 And save where, through the dark profound, 
 The clanging axe and hammer's sound 
 
 Hung from the nether lawn ; 
 For many a busy hand toiled there, 
 Strong pales to fhape and beams to scjuare. 
 
cANTOv. TiiK Lay ok tiik Last MtwsTKKi.. 
 
 S9 
 
 Till! lists' (Irojul harriers to prepare 
 Against the iiiDrrows dawn. 
 
 Margaret from hall did soon retreat, 
 
 ])espite the dame's re])roving eve; 
 Nor marked she, as sho left her seat, 
 
 Full many a stitied si«i;h : 
 For many a nohle warrior strove 
 To win the Flower of Teviot's love, 
 
 And many a hold ally. 
 With throhhing head and anxious heart, 
 All in her lonely hower a[>art, 
 
 In hroken sleep she lay. 
 Ily times, from silken couch she rose; 
 While yet the bannered hosts rejM>se, 
 
 She viewed the dawning day : 
 O^' ail the hundreds sunk to rest, 
 First woke the loveliest and the In^st. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 Mie gazed upon the inner court, 
 
 Which in the tower's tall shadow lav. 
 Where coursers' clang and stamp and snort 
 
 Had rung the livelong yesterday : 
 Now still as death; till stalking slow, 
 
 The jingling spurs announced his tread, 
 A stately warrior passed Ijtlow ; 
 
 jut when he raised his plumed head- 
 Blessed ]\rary ! can it be ? - 
 Secure, as if in Ousenara bowers. 
 He walks through Branksome's hostile towers. 
 
 With fearless step and iiov. 
 She dared not sign, she dared not speak — 
 O, if one page's shunher.s break. 
 His bUnxl the price nmst pay ' 
 
 2f) 
 
 ST) 
 
to 
 
 15 
 
 90 The Lay op tub Last Minhtuel. 
 
 Not ttll the pearls Queen Mui-y wears, 
 Nor Margaret's yet more precious tears, 
 Shall buy his life a day. 
 
 Yet was his hazard small ; for wt-ll 
 You may l)etliink you of the spell 
 
 Of that sly urchin page : 
 This to his lord he did impart, 
 And made him seem, by glanujr art, 
 
 A knight from Hermitage. 
 Unchallenged, thus, the warder's pist, 
 The court, unchallenged, thus he cr»)ssed, 
 '■'- For all the vassalage; 
 But O, what magic's quaint disguise 
 Could blind fair Margaret's azure eyes ! 
 
 She started from her seatj 
 While with surprise and fear ^he stro\e, 
 
 And l)oth could scarcely master love 
 
 Lord Henry's at her feet. 
 
 Oft have I mused what purj)oso bad 
 That foul malicious urchin liad 
 To bring this meeting round, 
 For happy love's i. heavenly sight, 
 And by a vile malignant .sprite 
 
 In such no joy is found ; 
 And oft I've deemed, perchance hi; thought 
 Their erring passion might have wrought 
 
 Sorrow and sin and shame, 
 And death to Cranstoun's gallant Kniirht 
 And to the gentle Ladye bright 
 30 Disgrace and loss of fame. 
 
 But earthly spirit could not tell 
 The heart of them that loved so well. 
 True love's the gift which G(mJ has given 
 To man alone beneath the heaven : 
 
 CANTO v. 
 
 20 
 
 :25 
 
cANT.» V. 'J'liE Lay ok tiik Last Minmikki,. 
 
 91 
 
 Thick roiitul llio Iwts their luiiues riUxMl (»l, 1..). 
 
 It is not fantasy's hot fire, 
 
 Whose wishes, soon as grantftl, fly; 
 It liveth not in fierce desiie, 
 
 With dead desire it doth not die ; 
 It is the secret sympathy, 
 The silver link, tlie silken tie. 
 Which heart to heart, and mind it* mind, 
 In body and in soul can bind. — 
 Now leave we iVIarg/iret and her knight, 
 To tell you of tlie approaching figlit. 
 
 10 
 
 Tlieir warning blasts the bu<des blew. 
 
 The pipe's shrill port aroused each clan ; 
 In haste the deadly strife to view, 
 
 The trooping warriors eager ran : 
 Thick round the lists their lances stood. 
 Like blasted pines in Ettrick wood ; 
 
 15 
 
10 
 
 15 
 
 ao 
 
 :« 
 
 93 TiiK Lay ok tiik Last Minwiui; 
 
 To Uianksonie many a I.w.k tlicy tliivu, 
 Tho coiiilMitants' a]»i»i<)afli to view, 
 And Iwndk'd many a word of Ixwist 
 Aljuut the kui-,dit each favoml most. 
 
 Mcantluio full anxious was tlio damoj 
 Vov now arose disputed claim 
 Of who should fi;,'ht for Deloraine, 
 'Twixt Harden and 'twixt Thirlestane. 
 • They gan to reckc.n kin and rent, 
 And frowning brow on brow was Ix-nt ; 
 
 liut yet not long the strife— for, lu! 
 Himself, the Knight of Delorainc, 
 Strong, as it seemed, and free irom piiii, 
 
 In arnu>r sheathed from top to toe, 
 Api)eared and craved the comWt duo. 
 The dame her charm successful knew, 
 And the fierce chiefs their claims withdrew. 
 
 When for the lists they sought the plain, 
 Tlie stately Ladye's silken rein 
 
 Did noble Howard hold ; 
 Unarmed by her side he walked, 
 And much in courteous phrase they talke<l 
 
 Of feats of arnis of old. 
 Costly his garb- his Flemish ruif 
 Fell o'er his doublet, shaped of bulF, 
 
 AV^ith satin slashed and lined ; 
 Tawny his boot, and gold his spur, 
 His cloak was all of Poland fur, 
 
 His hose with silver twined; 
 His Bilboa blade, by JNIarchmen felt, 
 Hung in a broad and studded Mt; 
 Hence, in rude phrase, the Lonkrurs still 
 Called noble Howard Belted Will. 
 
 • ANTO V. 
 
CANTO V. TiiK li.w <»K TiiK Last Minstukl. 
 
 y3 
 
 1k>liiri«l Jjm\ Ilowiin] and tlu^ 'I'miu; 
 Fuir Margiii-et on her palfn-y cuiiu', 
 
 Wlioso fuotrlotli s\v»'|)t tlir •{rouiiil ; 
 Wliito was her wiiiiplo and licr veil, 
 And luT lo<».so locks a cliaplet j)alo 
 
 Of whitest roses IhiuikI ; 
 Tho lordly Angus, hy her side, 
 Tn courtesy to cheer her tritvl ; 
 Without his aid, her liand in vain 
 IIa<l strove to fjuido her liroidered rein. 
 IIo deemed she slnulder( 1 at tho si^^ht 
 Of warriors met for niotal fight; 
 J!ut cause of terror, all unguessed, 
 Wjvs tluttering in her gentle breast, 
 When, in thciir chairs of crimson |>la«'«Hl, 
 The tiamo and she the harriers graced. 
 
 It* 
 
 Pri/o of the field, the young r>uc(!leuch 
 An English knight led forth to view ; 
 Scarce rued tho Iwjy his present plight, 
 ^*" o.ieh ho longed to see the fight. 
 
 he lists in knightly pride 
 ! i: »mo and haughty Dacre ride; 
 
 A leading staffs of steel they wield. 
 
 As mai-shals of the mortal field, 
 While to each knight their care assigned 
 Like vantage of the sun and wind. 
 Then heralds hoarse did loud proclaim, 
 In King and Queen and Warden's name, 
 
 That none, while lasts the stiif(>, 
 Should dare, by look or sign oi- wctrd, 
 Aid to a champion to afford. 
 
 On peril of his life ; 
 And not a breath the silence broke 
 Till thus the alternate heralds sp(»k(?: — 
 
 'ii* 
 
 .iri 
 
94 
 
 TiiK Imv ok tiik Lamt Minhtkkl. 
 
 V.\STO V. 
 
 to 
 
 lA 
 
 20 
 
 I 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
 KNiil.lMII ilKHAI.lt. 
 
 " Hero Ht4iniloth Hichnnl <>f .Miisjrrav... 
 
 <i<KMl kiiijjlit himI tr.io, and fiwly iH.rii, 
 AinciuiH fmm IVI(»raiim to crav«, 
 
 For foul (kwj.itioiH mwitlm and s*'..rn. 
 Ho s.iycth that William of Ulorain.- 
 
 Is traitor falxe \>y Border laws ; 
 This with his Hword ho will maintain, 
 
 Ho iitlp him «hmI and his (tinnI caiiso!" 
 
 H4<»TTISI| IIKKAI.I). 
 
 "Hero standeth William of IMontine. 
 <J(kmI kni«,'ht and true, of nol.lo mtrain'. 
 Who myelh that foul treason's sf„in, 
 SiiK'o ho lioro urins, ne't-r miU-i\ his eoat ; 
 
 And thut, so help him ({inI aUn-t 
 
 Ho will on Mus^rnivc's Unly |,i„vo 
 Ho lies most foully in his throat." 
 
 I.OKI) I»ArUK. 
 
 "FnrwanI, hravo ehami.ions, to tho fijrhM 
 S<iund truni|iels !" 
 
 liOKIt lliiMK. 
 "({(mI deffiiid the liyhl !"— 
 
 Then, Toviot, liow thinn oelux's riiu<f, 
 VVIion l>u.^'le-sound and tninijx^t-clanj,' 
 
 Ia'.I looso the martial f<K's, 
 And iti niid-list, with shi.'ld poised Iiij,di, 
 And measured step and w.uy eye, 
 
 Tlio eoml)atants did close ! 
 
 Til would it suit your gentle ear, 
 
 Yo lovely listeners, to hear 
 
 How to the axe the lielms did sound, 
 
 And I,Io,k1 p(»ured down from many a wound; 
 
 For desjwrate was tho strife and long, 
 
 And either warrior fierce and stron^! 
 
In liiiste tho lM)ly friar sued (Att, 2(i>. 
 
96 
 
 TiiK L.w OK TiiK Laht Minhtijku 
 
 r.i.VTO V. 
 
 |{ii», \vi.|i» fmih (lame u liMU'iiin^ ku'inUt, 
 r wi'll foiilil tt'll how wnrriorM fijjht ; 
 Vnv I liiivo wH-ii wiu'h lightning flnMhin^r, 
 S<N'n the cluviiioru with ImuiM.t chiMhiii«, 
 Km.ii thr.nigh ml hl.KMl tho wur-hcrs, ila'shinj;, 
 Ami hcoiikhI, amid tho m-Iing strifp, 
 T«> yivhl ft Nti'j) fur ,l,.uth ov lif,.. 
 
 19 
 
 lA 
 
 ao 
 
 *i3 
 
 :«) 
 
 TiH (h.np, 'tin dono! that fiital hlow 
 
 Has Mtrotthwl liiiii on th(« hl.KKly |.hiin ; 
 
 Ho Htrives to rise- hmvo Mus;,'mvo, „.•! 
 Tlioiico ne\or shult them riw a^'iiin ! 
 
 He chokes in bloml -sonio friendly han«l 
 
 Undo the visor's luirrod ImiiuI, 
 
 Unfix tho gorget's in^n ehisp, 
 
 Anrl give him room for life to gasp?- 
 
 O, IjootloHs aid ! -lioste, holy friar, 
 
 Haste, ere tho sinner shall expire! 
 
 <^>f all his guilt let him })e shriven, 
 
 And smcK.th his path from earth to heaven » 
 
 Tn haste tho holy friar spwl ;— 
 His naked f(H>t was dyed with red, 
 
 As tJirough the lists he ran; 
 Unmindful of the shouts on high 
 That hailed the conqueror's victory, 
 
 He raised the dying man; 
 Ix)oso waved his silver Ixjard and hair, 
 As o'er him he kneeled down in prayer; 
 And still the crucifix on high 
 He holds Ix'fore liis darkening eye ; 
 And still he bends an anxious ear. 
 His faltering penitence to hear; 
 Htill props him from tho bloody sml, 
 
Ift 
 
 rAWTOV. TllR F.AV or TIIK I.AMT MiNHTKKU l>7 
 
 Still, even when houI and InMly part, 
 Poun* ghuNtly eitnifurt on Imh lu-Hit, 
 
 And bidM him truMt in OinI 1 
 Unhmnl ho prayn;— the duath |Min«'K oVr ! 
 Itivhard of Muxgrave hntathcH n*» nion-. » 
 
 Ah if exhauHtefl in the fight, 
 Or niUNing o'er the pitooun night, 
 
 The Hi'lcnt victor Htnndn; 
 His beav(>r did ho not unilasp, 
 Mark(>d not the 8liout«, folt not iUv gniHp m 
 
 Of gratulating hands. 
 When lo! strange cri. s of wild surpiis*., 
 Mingled with seeming terror, Hsmj 
 
 Amonj^ the Scottish bands; 
 And all, amid the thronge<l array, 
 In panic haste gave open way 
 To a half-naked ghastly man, 
 Who downward fn>m the castle run : 
 He crossed the Wrriers at a Ixnuid, 
 And wild and Iuig;^'ard lookml iirojud, ^ 
 
 As dizzy and in pain; 
 And all upon the armed ground 
 
 Knew William of Delcraine! 
 Each ladye sprung from seat vi»h Hpe«vi ; 
 Vaulted each marshal from his steed; gg 
 
 "And who art thou," they criod, 
 "Who hast this battle fought and won?" 
 His plumed helm was 8o<m undone — 
 
 " Cranstoun of Teviot-side ! 
 For this fair prize I've fought and won,"- ^ 
 
 And to the Ladye led her son. 
 
 Pull oft the roscHe<l boy she kis'^fnl, 
 And often pressed him to her bn'ast. 
 
98 
 
 TiiR Lay op tub Last Minstuku 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 25 
 
 .'«) 
 
 For, u ruler all h(!r Hauntloss show. 
 
 T [or heart had throhlH'tl at every })l<)w ; 
 
 Yet not Lord Cranstoun dei«,'i;od she ^r<M<t 
 
 Thouj,'h low ho kneeled at her feot. 
 
 Me lists not tell what words were made, 
 
 What Douglas, Home, and Howard said— 
 
 For Howard wjis a generous f(X!— 
 And how the clan united prayed 
 
 The Ladye would the feud forego, 
 And deign to bless the nuptial hour 
 Of Cranstoun's lord and Teviot's Flower. 
 
 She looked to river, looked to hill. 
 
 Thought on the Spirit's prophecy, 
 Then broke her silence stern and still : 
 
 " Not you, but Fate, luis vanciuished n.e ; 
 Their influence kindly stars niay shower 
 On Teviot's tide and Branksonu^'s tower, 
 
 For pride is quelled and love is free." 
 She tcx)k fair Margaret by the hand. 
 Who, breathless, trembling, scarce nn'ght stand. 
 
 That hand to Cranstoun's lord gave she : 
 "As I am true to thee and thine, 
 Do thou 1)0 true to n»e and mine! 
 
 This clasp of love our ImukI shall be. 
 For this is your betrothing day, 
 And all these nol)le lords shall stay 
 
 To grace it with their company." 
 
 All as they left the listefl plain. 
 
 Much of the story she did gain : 
 
 How Cranstoun fought with Deloraine, 
 
 And of his page, and of the book 
 
 Which from the wounded knight he took; 
 
 And how he sought her castle high 
 
 That morn, by help of gramarye ; 
 
cAN-niv. TiiK Lay op tub Last Mivmtuki,. 
 
 99 
 
 How, in Sir Willianrs armor diglit, 
 
 Stolon l>y his pjif,'e, while slopt the knight, 
 
 I [(3 took on him the sinf,'le fij,'ht. 
 
 liut half his talo he l«>ft unsaiij, 
 
 And lingered till he joined the nuiid.— « 
 
 Carefl not the I^idyo to b'tray 
 
 Her mystic arts in view of day; 
 
 Jlut well she thought, ere midnight cam.', 
 
 Of that strange page the pride to tame. 
 
 From his foul hands the 1mm )k to savr^ lo 
 
 And send it back to Afichael's grave. — 
 
 Needs not to tell each tender worfl 
 
 Twixt Margar.>t and 'twixt Cranstoun's Ion! ; 
 
 Nor how she told of former wjm's, 
 
 And how lier lK)som fell and rose is 
 
 While he and Musgrave l)andied blows. - 
 
 NcimIs not th(\se lovers' joys to tell; 
 
 One day, fair mai<Is, you'll know them well. 
 
 William of ])eloraino some chance 
 
 JLul wakened from his deathlike trance, an 
 
 And taught that in the listed plain 
 Another, in his arms and shield, 
 Against fierce Musgravo axe did wield, 
 
 IJmler the name of Deloraine. 
 H(!nce, to the field unarmed he ran. 
 And hence his presence scared tlu? clan, 
 Who held him for some fleeting wraith. 
 And not a man of blo(Ml and ()reatli. 
 Not much this new ally he loved. 
 Yet, when he sjiw what hap had proved, at 
 
 He gn'eted liim right heartilie : 
 He would not waken old debite. 
 For he was void of rancorous hate. 
 Though rude and scant of courtesy; 
 
 25 
 
100 
 
 TiiR Lay op tiik Last Minstuek. 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 2S 
 
 m 
 
 In raids he spilt but seldom bI«)o<l, 
 Unless when men-at-anns withst«»o<l, 
 Or, as was meet, for deadly feud. 
 lie ne'er bore grudge for stalwart blow, 
 Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe. 
 And so 't was seen of him e'en now, 
 
 When on dead Musgrave he lo<)k<>d «lown 
 Grief darkened on his rugged brow, 
 
 Though half disguised with a fi-owri ; 
 And thus, while sorrow b<>nt his head, 
 His fo(fman's epitaph he madc^ : 
 
 "Now, Richard iMusgrav(>, li.'.st thou here, 
 
 I ween, my deadly enemy ; 
 For, if I slew thy broth(^r dear. 
 
 Thou slew'st a sister's son to mo ; 
 And when I lay in dungeon dark 
 
 Of Naworth Castle long months throe. 
 Till ransomed for a thousand mark. 
 
 Dark Musgrave, it was long of thoo. 
 And, Musgrave, eould our fight be trioxl, 
 
 And thou wert now alive, as I, 
 No mortal man should us divide, 
 
 Till one, or both of us, did die : 
 Yet rest thee God ! for well I know 
 I ne'er shall find a nobler foe. 
 In all the northern counties here. 
 Whoso word is Snaffle, spur, and spear. 
 Thou wert the best to follow gear. 
 'Twas pleasure, as we l(X)ked behind. 
 To see how thou the chase couldst wind, 
 Cheer the dark blowlhound on his way. 
 An 1 with the bugle rouse the fray ! 
 I'd give the lands of Deloraine, 
 Dark Musgrave were alive again." 
 
cAttm V. The Lay op the Last MixsTitEL. 
 
 101 
 
 And laid him in his father's ^rraVe (IM, 16). 
 
 So inouiiied lie till Lord Dacie's iMitul 
 Were bowiiing back to Cuinberlaiid. 
 They raised bra-e ]Musgrave from tlie field 
 And laid him on his bloody shield ; 
 On levelled hinees, four and four, 
 By turns, the nohle burden bore. 
 Before, at t'"mes, upon the gale 
 Was heard the ^Minstrel's plaintive wail ; 
 Behind, four priests in sable stole 
 Sung re(juieni for the warrior's soul ; 
 Around, the horsemen slowly nxlc ; 
 With trailing pikes ih" spearmen tnMJe ; 
 And thus the gallant knight they bore 
 Through Liddesdale to Lcven's shore, 
 Thence to Holme Coltrame's lofty nave, 
 And laid him in his father's grave. 
 
 l^h 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
102 
 
 Tub J.AY OF TiiK Last M 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 INSTKEL. 
 
 CAXJO V. 
 
 INTKULUDK. 
 
 TiiK lutrp's wild nott..s, thcu-l. Lusl,,.! «|io .s„„.,, 
 llio limine iii.uch of <l(.ath piolcn-; 
 Now seems it fur, uiid now u-iioui" ' 
 Now meets, urid now eliuK-s the our, 
 Now seems some mountain si.Ie to s'wi'ep, 
 Now faintly dies in valley de.']), 
 Seems now as if tlio Minstiel's wail, 
 Now the sad re(juiem, loads tlio pde ; 
 Lust, o'er the warrior's closing gra\e,' 
 Hung tJie full choir in choral stave. ' 
 
 After due pause, they IkuIc him tell 
 Wliy lie, who toucluHl the Jiarp so well, 
 Should thus, with ill-rewarded toil, 
 Wander a poor and thankless soil,' 
 When the more genen)us Southern Und 
 Would well requite his skilful hand. 
 
 The aged harper, howsoe'er 
 
 His only friend, his harp, was dear, 
 
 Liked not to hear it ranker! so higl, 
 
 Above liis tlowing j>oesy : 
 
 Less liked he still that scornful jwv 
 
 Mispri/ed the land he lovwi so dear ; 
 
 High was the sound as thus again 
 
 The hard r.vsumefl Jiis minstrel strain. 
 
LASTo VL TuE Lay of the Last Minstuel. 
 
 103 
 
 Land of the mountain and the flood (104, 10). 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 l5i{i;ATiir,s tlicro the man, uitli soul s<i »1( 
 Who never to Iiiinscif luitli saiti, 
 
 Tliis is my own, my native land ? 
 Whose lieart liath ne'er within liiin huriu 
 As home liis footsteps he liath lurried 
 
 From wandering on a foreign strand? 
 rf HUcli there breathe, go, mark him well 
 For him no minstrel raptures swell ; 
 High though hi.s titles, proud his name, 
 lioundless his wealth us wish can claim, 
 
 at I 
 
 10 
 
104 
 
 CASIO VL 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 3) 
 
 30 
 
 Tub Lay of tub Last Min«trkl. 
 
 respite those titles, power, and jHjIf, 
 The wretch, conccntrwl all in self, 
 Living, shall forfeit fair nnown. 
 And, doubly dying, shall go down 
 1\) the vile dust from w)ience he sprung. 
 Unwept, unhonored, and unsun" 
 
 O Caledonia, stern and wild, 
 
 Meet nurse for a poetic child ! 
 
 Land of brown heath and shaggy woo«l, 
 
 r^i»'I of the mountain and the floo<J, 
 
 Jjimd of my sires ! what mortal hand 
 
 Can e'er untie the filial band 
 
 That knits me to thy rugged strand .' 
 
 Still, as I view each well-known scene, 
 
 Think what is now and what hath be^n, 
 
 Seems as to me, of all bereft, 
 
 Sole friends thy woods and streams were left ; 
 
 And thus I love them better still. 
 
 Even in extremity of ill. 
 
 By Yarrow's stream still let me stray. 
 
 Though none sluiuld guide my feeble way ; 
 
 Still feel the breeze down Ettrick break, 
 
 Although it chill my withered cheek ; 
 
 Still lay my head by Teviot-stone, 
 
 Though there, forgotten and alone. 
 
 The bard may draw his parting groan. 
 
 Not scorned like me, to Branksome Hall 
 The minstrels came at festive call; 
 Trooping they came from near and far, 
 The jovial priests of mirth and war ; 
 Alike for feast and fight prepared, 
 Battle and banquet both they shared. 
 Of late, before each martial clan 
 They blew their death-note in the van, 
 
CANTO V,. TiiK Lay of tub Laht Mix«tiikl. 
 
 105 
 
 O Calodonia, HUjrn aiul wild (IM, 7) 
 
 iJut now for every iiieriy mate 
 
 Rose the portcullis* iron grate; 
 
 They sound the pipe, they strike the strin.r, 
 
 They dance, they revel, and they sing, "' 
 
 Till the rude turrets shake and ring.*' 
 
 Me lists not at this tide declare 
 
 The si)lendor of the sp usal rite. 
 How mustered in the chapel fair 
 
 Loth maid and matron, sijuirc and knv^ht ; 
 Me lists not tell of ov.ches rare, 
 Of mantles green, and braided hair, 
 And kirtles furred with miniver; 
 What plumage waved the altar round, 
 How spurs and ringing chainlets sound : 
 And hard it were for bard to speak 
 The changeful hue of ^Fargaret's cheek, 
 That lovely hue which comes and ilics,' 
 As awe and shame a!t('rnate rise ! 
 
 Some bards have sung, the I^ujye high 
 Chapel or altar came not niirh. 
 
 lit 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
106 
 
 TiiK Lav ok tiik Last MiNMritKL. 
 
 f.iN-ro VI. 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 .25 
 
 30 
 
 « 
 
 Nor durst the ritcH of NiNiUNal gracn, 
 So much Mho feared etuh Imly phice. 
 False Mlan<K?rH thoso:— I trust rij^lit well, 
 She wrought not by forbidden hihjII, 
 For mighty words and signs have j»owrr 
 O'er sprites in planetary hour; 
 Y(!t scarce I praise their venturous part 
 Who tam[H>r with such dangerous art. 
 Piut this for faithful truth I sav,— 
 
 The Liadye by tlie altar stood, 
 Of sable velvet her array, 
 
 And on her lieiwl a crimson liood, 
 With pearls embroidered and entwinetl, 
 Ouarded with gold, with ermine lined ; 
 A merlin sjit upon her wrist. 
 Held by a leash of silken twist. 
 
 The spousal rites were ended 8o«m ; 
 Twas now the merry hour of noon. 
 And in the hjfty arched hall 
 Was 8prt!ad the gorgeous festival. 
 Steward and scjuire, with heedful hastv, 
 Marshalled the rank of every guest; 
 Pages, with ready blade, wore there, 
 The mighty meal to carve and share ; 
 O'er capon, heron-shew, and crane, 
 And princely peacock's gilded train. 
 And o'er the lx)ar-head, garnished brave, 
 And cygnet from Saint IMary's wave. 
 O'er ptarmigan and venison, 
 The priest had spoke his benison. 
 Then rose the riot and the din, 
 Above, bene M, without, within ! 
 For, from the lofty balcony, 
 Rung trumpet, shalm, and psaltery: 
 
CANTO VI. TiiK Lay or tub Last Minhtukl. 
 
 107 
 
 still, OH I View cftch woll-kru.wn scene (!•«, 14). 
 
 Their chiufriuir L.^vls ol<l warriors quuilcMj, 
 lA.u.lly tlu.y .spoke un.l lou.lly lauglinl ; 
 AMusiK.nMl young kuighu, in tone n.oro n.il.l, 
 lo ladies fair, and Iadi(..s sniiltnl. 
 The luKMled l.awks, high ,K.rched on bean., 
 i lie elan.<,r joint-d witli whistling sei-eani, 
 An,l llai.jH-d their wings an<! sh,H>k their Ijelis 
 
 In concert witli the stag-hounds' yells. 
 
 Hound go the flasks of ruddy wine, 
 
 From Bour<l,.aux, Orleans, or the JM.ine; 
 
 Tlieir tasks the busy sewers j)lv, 
 
 And all is mirth and revi-lry. 
 
 The Goblin Page, onn'tting still 
 
 No op])orttHiity of ill, 
 
 Strove now, while bhxxl ran hot an.l high, 
 
 To rouse debate and jealousy; 
 
 Till C(,nrad, Lord of AVolf(.nst(Mn, 
 
 ny nature iierce, and wann with' wine. 
 
 And now ill humor highly crossed 
 
 About some steeds his band had lost, 
 
 10 
 
 ].) 
 
lOH 
 
 TiiK Lay or tub I^mt MiNin-KicL. 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 10 
 
 u 
 
 High wohIh U} wordM HUccccMiiiig Htill, 
 
 Hiiuite with his gauntlet Htuut llunthill, 
 
 A Iiut and hardy Rutherford, 
 
 Whom men called ]>ickon Draw-tlio-Swnrd. 
 
 ]lo Unik it on the page's sayo, 
 
 llunthill had driven these Mtecds away. 
 
 Then Howard, Home, and Douglas rtise, 
 
 The kindling discord to compose; 
 
 Btorn Rutherford right little said, 
 
 ]]ut bit his glo%'e and shook his heiul. 
 
 A fortnight thence, it» Inglewutnl, 
 
 Stout Conrad, cold, and drenched in hhxj*!, 
 
 His bosom gored with many a wound. 
 
 Was by a woodman's lymenlog found : 
 
 Unknown the manner of his death. 
 
 Gone was his brand, both sword and Khfutli ; 
 
 But ever from that time, 'twas said, 
 
 That Dick(m wore a Cologne blade. 
 
 at 
 
 '25 
 
 30 
 
 The dwarf, who feared his master's eye 
 Might his foul treachery espie. 
 Now sought tho castle buttery, 
 Where many a yeoman, bold and free, 
 Revelled as merrily and well 
 As those that sat in lordly selle. 
 Watt Tinlinn there did frankly raise 
 The pledge to Arthur Fire-the-Bnies ; 
 And he, as by his breeding bound, 
 To Howard's merrymen sent it round. 
 To quit them, on the English side. 
 Red Roland Forster loudly cried, 
 " A deep carouse to yon fair bride ! " 
 At every pledge, from vat and piil, 
 Foamed forth in floods the nut-brown ale, 
 While shout the riders every one; 
 
. ANTr> VI. Tub Imy op tiir Immt Minmtukl. 
 
 Such day of mirth no'cr dmml their clan, 
 Since old IJuc<Ieueh the name did gain, 
 When in the cleueh the buck wom taVn. 
 
 The wily pa^jo, with vcnKeful thought, 
 
 lleummUired hira of Tinlinn's yew, 
 And swore it should be dearly bought 
 
 That ever ho the arrow drew. 
 First, ho the yiHimau did molest 
 With bitter gibe and taunting jest ; 
 Told how he fled at Sol way strife. 
 And how Hob Armstrong cheeref] his wifu; 
 Then, shunning still his powerful arm, 
 At unawares ho wrought him harm; 
 From trencher stole his clioicest cheer, 
 Dashed from his lipH his can of IxTr; 
 Then, to his knee sly creeping on. 
 With IxKlkin pierced him to the bono : 
 The venometi wound and festering joint 
 Long after rued that bodkin's point. 
 The startled yeoman swore and spurne<l. 
 And board and flagons overturned. 
 Riot and clamor wild beiran : 
 Back to the hall the urchin ran, 
 Tfx)k in a darkling nook his post. 
 And grinned, and mutterefl, "Ix.st ! lost ! l(.st !" 
 
 V,y this, the dame, lest farther fray 
 Should mar the concord of the dav, 
 Had V)id the minstrels tune their lav. 
 And first steppetl forth old Albert (iin-me, 
 The minstrel of that ancient name: 
 Was none who struck the harp so well 
 Within the Land Delwitablo; 
 Well friended too, his hardy kin, 
 Whoever lost, were sure to win; 
 
 109 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 W 
 
 ■i5 
 
 ao 
 
110 
 
 Till Ijav or Tiir Laht Minhthki. lAMmvi. 
 
 '. • -j-L-- 
 
 The Niiii KliliifH fiilr on ('arliMlo wall (||«, fi). 
 
 They Hou>,'Iit the lM'«'vt'H tluit iiiiulo tliiir hioth 
 In Scotland aiul in Kn-^'lund lM»tIi. 
 I.i lionji'Iy guis*', an nature ImwIo, 
 His «inipl(» (si.ni; tlio l*.oi«l«>»i.r snul 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 U.HKUT (IK.KMK. 
 
 It Mas KM Ehjrlisli linly«' hri^rlit, 
 (Tlio 8IIII .sliiiuH fair on CailiMlo m.iII) 
 
 And she Moiilil many a Scottish kiii.;lif, 
 For lAtvv will Htill l»e lord of a!I. 
 
 Ulithdy tht'y Haw ilu> rls'mir huh, 
 
 When he shone fair on Carlisle wall ; 
 
 But they were sad ere day was done, 
 Thoutrh Love was still the l..rd of all. 
 
 Her sire pivo hriMK-h and jewel fine, 
 
 Where the sun shines fair on Carlish> wall; 
 
 Her hrother pive hut a flask of wine, 
 For ire that Love was lord of idl. 
 
 For she hud huxis lM)th meadow and lea, 
 WIh.io the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall ; 
 
TAirrovi. Tub Lav or tiik Laht Mimhthku ]|| 
 
 Ami hn xwont hor . •ntli, om ho wniiM mn^ 
 A Hcotlish kiiitrl. (III. loi'il of all! 
 
 That witiu nhu hiul not taNli^l w«ll, 
 (Tho Miiii Hhiii«>M fair on (.'arliKlo walll 
 
 Whi-n «h»(Ml, in hrr true Iovu'm nnnx, Hh<< f»'||, 
 For Imvu wiw Mtill tlio htnl of all. 
 
 Ho piomxl hiT ltrothi>r f«» the hoarf, 
 Whi-i-o tho Hiin HhiiH-M fair on furliNlr m.»IIj— 
 
 Ho |M>riMh nil woiiltl trno luvo |nii», 
 That b»vo may still Ikj lord of all ! 
 
 An«l thon h«< tiNtk tho crow divino, 
 Whrro tho hiui Hhintw fair on CarliNJi. Hull, 
 
 Ami «li<>4l for lusr Nako in l'ah>M(in«>, 
 Hit L>vo wiM Ntill tho lonl of all. 
 
 Xow all yo lovrrH that faithful pr«»v«', 
 
 fTho Mini rthinoH fair on Caili^lo wall) 
 IVay for timir mhiIm who (]i<-4l for htv«'. 
 
 For Livo Hhall Htill Ikj lonl of all I 
 
 10 
 
 1.1 
 
 As oihIjhI AllH?rt'.s NJinpIo hiy, 
 
 An wo a Iwird of loftitT jMirt, go 
 
 For wmnct, iliyino, and roumlrlay 
 
 Iloiuiwiiwl in liau<,'lity Ilonry's court: 
 TIkmo rung thy haip, unrivalled lunt,', 
 Fit/travor of tlio silver sonu ! 
 Tiio gor?tle Surrey lovc<l his lyro— «-, 
 
 Who lias not lirani of Surrcv' ( fauM' / 
 I [is WHS tho hero's soul of fjio, 
 
 And his tho hard's immortal name, 
 And liis was lovo, exalUHl hi;,'h 
 J{y all the jjlow of chivalry. .,, 
 
 They sought tog«^ther climes afur, 
 
 And oft, within some olivo grove, 
 When even came with twinkling star. 
 
 They sung of Surrey's absent lovo. 
 
112 The Lay op tub Last Minstrel. 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 Hia step the Italian peasant stayed, 
 And deemed that spirits from on high, 
 
 Ilomid wliere some hermit saint was laid, 
 Were breathing heavenly melody; 
 
 So sweet did harp and v«)ice combine 
 
 To praise the name of Oeraldine. 
 
 Fitztraver, O, what tongue may say 
 
 The pangs thy faithful bosom knew. 
 When Surrey of the deathless lay 
 
 Ungrateful Tudor's sentence slew? 
 Ilegardless of the tyrant's frown. 
 His harp called wrath and vengeance down. 
 He left, for Naworth's iron towers, 
 Windsor's green glades and courtly lM)wers, 
 And, faithful to his patron's name, 
 With Howard still Fitztraver came; 
 Lord William's foiemost favorite he. 
 And chief of all his minstrelsv. 
 
 ao 
 
 .TO 
 
 KITZTliAVKK. 
 
 'Twas i^ll-Souls' eve, and Surrey's heart beat hijjh ; 
 
 He heard the midnight IkjII with anxious start, 
 Which told the mystic hour, approaching nigh, 
 
 When wise Cornelius promised by his art 
 
 To show to him the ladye of his heart, 
 All)eit betwixt them roared the ocean grim ; 
 
 Yet so the sage had hight to play his part, 
 That he should see her form in life and limb, 
 And mark if still slie loved and still she thought of him. 
 
 Dark was the vaulted room of gramarj'e. 
 
 To which the wizard led the gallant knight. 
 Save that before a mirror, huge and high, 
 
 A hallowed taper shed a glimmering light 
 
 On mystic implements of magic might. 
 On cross, and c}i.ir.u;ter, and t.jilisTnan, 
 
 And almagest, and altar, nothing bright ; 
 
CANTO VI. The Lay op tiik Last Min«tui:l. 11;^ 
 
 For fitful was the lustre, i»ale and wan, 
 As watch-light hy the bed of some deiMirting man. 
 
 But soon, within that mirror huge and high. 
 
 Was seen a self-emitted liglit to gleum ; 
 And forms uiwn its hreast the earl gan spy, 4 
 
 Cloudy and indistinct as feverish dnam ; 
 
 Till, slow arranging and defined, they seem 
 To fonn a lordly and a lofty room. 
 
 Part lighted by a lamp with silver l>euin. 
 Placed by a couch of Agra's silkt^n loom, 10 
 
 And part by moonshine pale, and iMirt was hid in gl.H.ni. 
 
 Fair all the jMigeant— but how jwussing fair 
 The slender form which lay on couch of Ind ! 
 
 O'er her white bosom strayed her hazel hair. 
 
 Pale her dear cheek, as if for love she pined ; 1.5 
 
 All in her night-robe loose she lay reclined. 
 
 And i»ensive read from tablet eburnine 
 
 Some strain that seemed her inmost soul to find : 
 
 That favored strain was Surrey's raptured line, 
 That fair and lovely form the Lady (Jeraldine. ' at 
 
 Slow rolled the clouds upon the lovely form. 
 
 And swept the goodly vision all away — 
 So royal envy rolled the muiky storm 
 
 O'er my beloved Master's gloiious day. 
 
 Thou jealous, ruthless tyrant! Heaven re] my a-, 
 
 On thee, and on thy children's latest line. 
 
 The wild caprice of thy <lesi»otic sway. 
 The gory bridal-lted, the plunderwl shiine. 
 The murdered Surrey's blood, the tears of (Jeral.lin.,! 
 
 Both Scots and Southern chiefs piolonfr a, 
 
 Applauses of Fitztraver's song ; 
 ' These hated Henry's name as death, 
 1 And those still held the ancient faith. 
 
 Then from his seat with lofty air 
 
 Rose Harold, bard of brave Saint Clair, - ai 
 
 Saint Clair, who, feasting high at Home, 
 
 Had with that lord to bittle come. 
 8 
 
114 
 
 TiiK Lay of mik T^ast JMi.vsTKKr,. 
 
 • AN TO VI. 
 
 10 
 
 JIantId wjis Ixtrn wlioro restless seas 
 Howl rouTid tlio st«inn-swept Oreafh's; 
 Where erst Saint Claiis held princely sway 
 O'er isle ■^ l islet, strait and hay ;— 
 ►Still nods icir palaee to its fall, 
 Thy pride and sorrow, fair Kirkwall! - 
 Thence oft lie marked fierce Pentland rave, 
 As if grim Odhi rcMle her wave, 
 And watched the whilst, with visage pale 
 And throhhing heart, the struggling sail; 
 For all of wonderful and wild 
 Ifad rapture for the lonelj' child. 
 
 lii 
 
 •Jft 
 
 i5 
 
 an 
 
 And nmch of wild and wonderful 
 
 Tn these rude isles might Fancy cull ; 
 
 For thither came in times afar 
 
 Stern Lochlin's sons of roving war. 
 
 The Norsemen, trained to sj)oil and 1)Io«m1, 
 
 Skilled to prepare the raven's food, 
 
 Kings of the main their leaders hravc. 
 
 Their barks the dragons of the wave ; 
 
 And there, in many a stormy vale. 
 
 The Scald had told his wondrous tale, 
 
 And many a Runic column high 
 
 Had witnessed grim idolatry. 
 
 And thus had Harold in his youth 
 
 Ixjarned many a Saga's rhyme uncouth, 
 
 Of that Sea-Snake, tremendous curled, 
 
 Whoso monstrous circle girds the woi-ld ; 
 
 Of those dread Maids whose hideous yell 
 
 Maddens the battle's bloody swell ; 
 
 Of chiefs who, guided through the gl«M)m 
 
 JJy the pale death lights of the tomb, 
 
 ILinsacked the graves of w;u-riors old, 
 
 Their falchions wrenched from corphies' hohl. 
 
i 
 
 .ANTo VI. The Lay op the Last ^[ivstrkl. 
 
 Waked the deaf t..inb with wars alarms, 
 And bade tlie dead arise to aims ! 
 With war and wonder all on Haine, 
 To Iloslin's bowers young Harold came, 
 Where, by sweet glen and greenwo<.<l tree. 
 He learned a milder minstrelsy • 
 Yet something of tlie Northern s|)<'ll 
 Mixed with the softer nuni1)eis w(>ll. 
 
 115 
 
 HAROLO. 
 
 O, listen, listen, indies gay ! 
 
 Xo haughty feat of unns I tell ; 
 Soft is the note, and sad the lav, 
 
 That mourns the lovely RosalJell. 
 
 "Moor, moor the harge, ye gallant .ivw ! 
 
 And, gentle ladye, deign to stay ! 
 Rest thee in Castle Ravensheuch, 
 
 Xor tempt the stormy firth to-day. 
 
 "The blackening M'ave is edged with white; 
 
 To inch and rook the sea-mews fly ; 
 The fishers have heard tlie Water Sprite, 
 
 Whose screams forebode that wieek is niirh. 
 
 " Last night the gifted Seer did view 
 A wet shroud swathed round ladye f^'ay ; 
 
 Then stay thee, fair, in Ravensheuch : 
 Why cross the gloomy firth to-day ? " 
 
 "Tis not because Lord Lindesay's ln.>ir 
 Tonight at Roslin leads the ball, 
 
 But that my ladye-mother there 
 Sits lonely in her castle-hall. 
 
 "Tis not because the ring they ride, 
 And Lindesay at the ring ri(h>s well, 
 
 Hut that my sire the wine will chi.le, 
 Tf 'tis not filled by Rosabelle."' 
 
 O'er Roslin all that dreary night 
 
 A wondrous blaze was seen to ^deaiii ; 
 
 10 
 
 1£ 
 
 •JU 
 
 25 
 
 30 
 
e 
 
 I 
 
 s 
 
 e 
 
 e 
 o 
 js 
 
 OS 
 
r.\sTo VI. TirK Lay of tiik L 
 
 A«T MiNSTKKL. 
 
 117 
 
 'Twa« Lromler tli.ni tJ.u walfl.-fin, lijr|,t 
 
 And retUler tl.an tl.u l„ijr|,t .,u.o.,1h.-uiu. 
 It J,'lare(l on Roslin's cnsthd jof-k, 
 ^ It ru<l<li,,,l nil the oopsi.wo.Ml irin ; 
 'Tw,i.s scvn fn.ni Difv-I.-M's pox^s of'o.-.k, 
 And seen from cuven.ed Ifawtl.orn.ie,,.' 
 Seemed all on lire that nimpel pr..!.,! 
 
 Where Ro..Ii,.-.s dii.fs nn.„(lined lie, 
 Kaeh baron, f,,r a .sal.le shroud. 
 Sheathed in his iron panoply. 
 Seemed all .,n tire within, aronn.l. 
 Deep sa<-risty an.I altar's pale; ' 
 Shono every pill,„. foliaye-l.„und,' 
 
 And glinin.ere<l all the dt.ul nu,Ms mail. 
 Blazed Imtth.ment an.! ,,inn..t hij^h, 
 ^ lila/.e<I every r..s,...a,ved l.sit tress fair - 
 •S.) still they hhize wlien fate is ni.-h 
 The lordly line of high Saint Clair. 
 There are twenty of RosliM's harons l,.,|d 
 Lie l.urie,! within that pron.l eha,K.lle; 
 haeh one the holy vanlt <luth hold - 
 
 lint tlie sea holds lovely Kosahelle ! 
 And each Saint Ch.ir was hn.ied there 
 With candle, with hook, and with k'n.-H • 
 
 Hu^ the sea-aues rung and the wild windJ sun. 
 The (Inge (if lovely HosatKjll,.-. 
 
 So sweet was Harohrs pit,.„„s h,y, 
 
 Scaree n.ark,.,! the guests the (h'trkened hall 
 "'"u-h, l„ng l.,.f„re the sinking day, 
 
 A woiwirous shade involved tlieni all. 
 It was not eddying mist or f.,g, 
 l>rained hy the sun fron, f,.„ Z \>,.^; 
 
 Of no eclii)se Jiad sages told ; 
 -^'"i y«"^ • it cuue on apace, ' 
 K-"-h o ul I scarce lis nei;^hl„.,.s face 
 
 Could ,.aice his own stretched 1 .uuj behold 
 
 in 
 
 ].■» 
 
 W 
 
 an 
 
 35 
 
UH 
 
 Tub Lay of the Last ]\riNsTiM:L. 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 A flash of lightning cjiiuo (119, 2). 
 
 A secret liopror checked the feast, 
 
 And cliilled the soul of every guest; 
 
 Even the high dame stood half aghast, 
 
 She knew some evil on the blast ; 
 
 The elfish page fell to the ground, 
 
 And, shuddering, muttered, "Found! found ! found!" 
 
• '.wro VI. 
 
 TlIK I.VV (.K Till.; I. AST .MlNsiKKI, 
 
 Tll,.|l sU.l.h.M tl..o„,-l. ll„. .I;,lk,.nr.| ,,ir 
 
 A tl)i.sh of li;;litniii;ir mil,,.; 
 So l)IOH(I, HO lii-i-lit, so ml (|„. j,|,i,,.^ 
 
 'I'lu* f.istlo Si't'llicd oil IJillll,.. 
 
 <JI;iii(v,l every raflcr of tlie li.ill, 
 
 (Jl.iii.-..«1 ovrry siiicl.J u|«.ii tli„ %vul|; 
 
 Kai-li tr..„I,u.d iM-aiM, ,,u.h ,sn.I,,(„n..I slo,,.. 
 
 >N«'lo liist.int seen Hiid iiist.iiit -one; 
 
 Full tlin.u-h the «u.-st.s' U-ihvyM l,;u„| 
 
 Kt'.si.stl».s.s f!jisla.d the lfviii-l„jin.|, 
 
 A.1,1 r.11,.,1 tlu> i.all will, .sinouMriii.^. s.i.ok,., 
 
 As oil the elHsli pjige it hiokc. 
 
 It l.i-oko with thiin.lcr ]„uix iiii.l lo,„I, 
 
 DisiiKiyed the bniv,,, appaJIrd the j.io'ud, 
 
 Fi<»m sea to sra the; lanuii run^'; 
 On JJrrwick wall, an.l at raili.sio''withaI, 
 To anus the .start Ird warders spnin- ' 
 When ended was the dreadful r.,ar, 
 The elH.sh dwarf was seen no inore'l 
 
 .Some l„.ard a voi.-e in I'.raiiksoiiie Hall, 
 SoiiH, saw a siVl.t, not seen ],y ail ; 
 That dreadful voiee was heanl by s<»ino 
 
 Cvy, with loud suininons, "(Jvi.isiv, (;omi;!" 
 AikI .,n the sjH.t wherc^ hurst the brand, 
 
 •hist where tlie pa-e had tlun- him ,lown,' 
 Some saw an arm, and some a han.l, 
 
 And some the wavinjr of a iroun. 
 
 The guests in silence prayed and sh.M.k, 
 
 And terror dimmed eaeh lofty look. 
 
 r.ut none of all the astonish(-d train 
 
 Was so dismayed as Deloraine: 
 
 His bl(M»d did freeze, his brain did burn, 
 "Twas feared his mind woul.l ne'er return; 
 
 For he was siM-echless, !,'hastly, wan, 
 
 1!^ 
 
 in 
 
 lo 
 
 :«) 
 
120 
 
 Tub Lay of tub I-^st MiytrritBL. 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 16 
 
 Like him of whom the story ran, 
 Who spoke the spectre-hound in Man. 
 At length by fits he darkly told, 
 With broken hint and shuddering cold, 
 6 That he had seen right certainly 
 
 A shajte with amice wrapped arouml, 
 With a wrought Sitaninh haldric bound, 
 
 Like jnhjrim from beyond tfie sea ; 
 And knew — but how it mattered not — 
 10 It was the wizard, Michael Scott. 
 
 The anxious crowd, with horror pale, 
 All trembling heard the wondrous tale : 
 No sound was made, no word was spoke. 
 Till noble Angus silence broke; 
 
 And he a solemn sacred plight 
 Did to Saint Bride of Douglas n)ake. 
 That he a pilgrimage would take 
 To Melrose Abbey, for the sake 
 
 Of Michael's restless sprite. 
 Then each, to ease his troubled breast. 
 To some blest saint his prayers addressed : 
 Some to Saint Modan made their vows. 
 Some to Saint Mary of the Lowes, 
 Some to the Holy Rood of Lisle, 
 
 SB Some to Our Lady of the Isle; 
 
 Each did his patron witness ntake 
 
 That he such pilgrimage would take, 
 
 And monks should sing and bells should toll, 
 
 All for the weal of Michael's soul. 
 
 ao While vows were ta'en and prayers were prayed, 
 
 'Tis said the noble dame, dismayed. 
 Renounced for aye dark magic's aid. 
 
 Nought of the bridal will I tell. 
 Which after in short space befell ; 
 
 20 
 
CANTO VI. TiiK Lay or tiik I^ht Minbthkl. 
 
 N«)r how bruvo sons and daugliteiH fair 
 lllt'HHod Teviot's Flower and Cianhtoun'a heir 
 After 8uch dreadful Mceiio 'twero vuin 
 To wake the note of mirth again. 
 3Ioro meet it were to mark th© day 
 
 Of penitence and prayer divine, 
 When pilgrim-chiefs, in sad array. 
 
 Sought Melrose' holy shrine. 
 
 With naked foot, and sackcloth vest, 
 And arms enfolded on his breast. 
 
 Did every pilgrim go; 
 The standers-by might hear uneath 
 Footstep, or voice, or high-drawn breath, 
 
 Through all the lengthened row: 
 No lordly look nor martial stride, 
 Gone was their glory, sunk their pride. 
 
 Forgotten their renown j 
 Silent and slow, like ghosts, they glide 
 To the high altar's hallowed side, 
 
 And there they knelt them down. 
 Above the suppliant chieftains wave 
 The banners of departed brave; 
 Beneath the lettered stones were laid 
 The ashes of their fatliers dead ; 
 From many a garnished niche around 
 Stern saints and tortured martyrs frowned. 
 
 And slow up the dim aisle afar, 
 With sable cowl and scapular. 
 And snow:-white stoles, in order due, 
 The holy fathers, two and two. 
 
 In long procession came; 
 Taper and iiost and book they bare, 
 And holy banner, flourished fair 
 
 With the Redeemer's name. 
 
 121 
 
 15 
 
 80 
 
 25 
 
 3C 
 
V2-2 
 
 IS 
 
 20 
 
 TiiK Lav op tiik J.aht Minmthkl. 
 
 CANTO %|. 
 
 AlKivo tlio prtwtruto pilgrim bund 
 Tlie iiiitml al>l)ot stretched I'm land, 
 
 And bIoH>w?d them oa they kneeled ; 
 ^^'ith holy cum ho signwl them all, 
 An<l prayed they might bo wige in hull 
 
 An<l furtunjito in field. 
 Then muMs was sung, and prayers were .wiid. 
 And solenm re<|uiem for the deiwl • 
 And btdlfi tolled out their mighty p<.al 
 For the dej)ttrted spirit's weal ; 
 And ever in the office eloso 
 The hynuj of intereesNion rose; 
 And far tho eelioing aisles prolong 
 The awful bunlen of tho song, 
 
 DiKS Ill/K, DIES ILLA, 
 SOLVKT 8.WLUM IN KAVILLA, 
 
 While the pealing organ rung. 
 Were it meet with 8aere<l strain 
 To close my lay, so light and vain, 
 
 Thus the holy fathers sung : 
 
 !» 
 
 30 
 
 3mn tot the |leab. 
 
 That (Ijiy of wrath, tliut <heudful day, 
 When heuveii uiul earth whall jmihs uway, 
 What i»ower sliall Ite the sinner's stjiy ? 
 How shall he meet that dreadful <Iay ? 
 
 When, shrivelling like a jiarched sen.ll, 
 The flaming heavens together roll, 
 When louder yet, and yet more drea«l, 
 Swells the high trump that wakes tho dead ! 
 
 O, on that day, that wrathful day, 
 When man to judgment wakes from clay, 
 Be Thou the tremUing sinner's stay. 
 Though heaven and earth shall jiass away ! 
 
•»v,«, VI. TiiK Lav ok tiik Lshv Mi!««tickl. 
 
 12.1 
 
 KiMi.(Ka:i:. 
 
 lIlJMIIKI) IH thu ||UI|. tllC^ MillHtn-l jrolM'. 
 
 And (li<l III) wiuidtT forth aloiio f 
 Aloiir, ill iiiili^ciici' hikI jige, 
 To lin^'.T out his i.ilgiinmgc,? 
 N<»: closo iM'iK'Hth jMoud X.'wurk'H towt-r 
 Anwo the Miiistn'l's lowlv Ih)w«t 
 A Hiinpio hut; hut th«'ra wiw stvn 
 The Hi Jo ganh'ii lu-dged with giiH?ti, 
 Tho eh(>t-iful lii-aith, ami hittico ehvui. 
 Tlicro sli(.|t('iv(l waiHlfivrs, l)y the hlazo, 
 Oft heard tho talt^ «»f other davs ; 
 For much lie Iove<| to oj^j hi.s'd«mr, 
 And give tlu! aid he Jn-gged U-fore. 
 So paMs»«<l the winter's day ; hut still, 
 NVheu suininer smiled on sweet liowhill, 
 And July's eve, with halniy hnuitli. 
 Waved the hlue-lM'lIs on Newark heath, 
 When throstles sung in Hart'head-shaw,' 
 And corn was green on Carterhaiigh, 
 And nourished, broad, IllaekaiKlro's oak, 
 The aged harper's soul awoke ! 
 Then wouhl he sing achieveinerits high 
 And circunistanee of chivalry, 
 Till the rapt traveller would stav, 
 Forgetful of tho closing day ; 
 And noble youths, the strain to hear, 
 Forsook the hunting of the deer ; 
 And Yarr(»w, as he rolled along, 
 P.ore burdyu to the Minstrel's souir. 
 
 to 
 
 u 
 
 a> 
 
 35 
 
SJIK WALTKK SCOTT. 
 
ABBOTBrORD. 
 
 LIKK OF Sill WAI/rKU SCOTT. 
 
 INNI-MKKABLK Illcuioirs nf Sir WulttT Srott Imw \mvu 
 
 pnnto«l, iMit thorc i.s muic tlmt nm co.ni^iri. with tim nixty 
 |«Ws writtuii l.y hi.n.self and (lato.l April i(!tl,, |mom. The 
 frugincnt gives a cleur outline of Srott's life duwu to th.. 
 IK-TUKl of his call to the b,tr in July. 17!>., an.l the f<K,t- 
 notcs apiKjar to have been ad.led in iH-jii, „„ly six 
 years In^fore his death, so that wo may frel rertain Sir 
 Uulter delilK.T.tely revi,se<l the niainis.ript in his n.atun. 
 years. It ^nves us acrurate iiiforniation of his childh.MHl 
 »)oyh.KMl, youth, and early n.anh.KKl ; and supplies us with' 
 the clue to tra.-e out the wonderful results of his great 
 natural endowments, his peculiar traininj,', e.lu.ation, and 
 apprenticeship that led sul,so.,uently to his .listin;r,ushe.| 
 literary career and worhl-wide jK.pularity. 
 
 Scott remarks that "from the lives of some ,HH)ts a mcwt 
 unportiint moral lesson may doubtless he deriv.Ml," hut 
 modestly explains that in his own case his « hah'its of 
 
 125 
 
126 
 
 LiFK OK Sll£ W.M/IKU Sr(HT. 
 
 thinking an.l m-titi-" ,u..l l.is " mak in s-M-i.-ty" were fixed 
 long Mora 1,0 ha.l uttainod to any ]MK.ti<al irputation, and 
 tlmt wl.cn aninired it iwhImc.'.! no rcinaikal.lo cl.an-o in 
 liiin. "Vet tlKKse wlm shall iHTeaCtcr read tl.i.s mtle 
 memoir," he remarks, "may find in it some hint to W 
 improved, for the regulation of their own minds or the 
 training of those of others." An.l, in fa.t, Seott's sn.-eess 
 as a literary man is a clear example of the eminent utility 
 of -eneral edu<-ation, si-e.-ial trai.iing, and sufti.-ient ap- 
 prenticeship to enal.le a man of even unusual al.ility to 
 make the hest of liis natural talents. 
 
 In half-playful, half-serious m.KKl, Scott -lances ..ver his 
 ancestry and mentions that he Mas com.ecte.l with ai.cicmt 
 Scottish families on Loth sides of the h.»us(>. The spirit 
 of caste liad in truth a jK.werful inHue.i.-e ..vr him, more 
 IK)werful indeed than he himself ,.eil,aps ever suspected, 
 Imt all ackiH.wled-e that its ^M-a.-eful asiM-cts appeare.l in' 
 their greatest ek-an.^e in t' works and character of the 
 great Scottish hanl. "My fatner's grandfather," he writes, 
 "was Walter S<-ott, well-known in Teviot<lale l,y the sur- 
 name of Beardie, who was the great gran.ls,.n of Auld Watt 
 of Harden. I am therefore lineally des<-ende.l from that 
 ancient chieftain whose name I have made to ring in many 
 a ditty, and from his fair dame, the Flower ..f Yarrow -no 
 bad genealogy for a Border minstrel. Walter Scott, my 
 father, was horn in 1729 and educated to tlu^ i.rofession of 
 a Writer to the Signet, an<l his j.ractice was at one i»eri<.,l 
 of his life very extensive. In April, IT.^s, my father mar- 
 ried Anne IlutherfonI, eldest daughter of ]),-. John Ruther- 
 ford, professor of medicine in the University of Kdin- 
 iHirgh, a man distinguished for i)rofessional talent, for 
 lively wit, and f(.r literary ac.pnivments." 
 
 Turning to his own story he procee.ls:-" I was horn on 
 the ir.th of August, 1771, and showed every sign of health 
 
Iavk op Silt Wai.tku Hf'OTT. 127 
 
 and strength until I was uIkmU oi;;hteon inontlis old, when 
 one nmrnin;; [ w:us disn.vere.l to 1k3 affortu.! with the fever 
 wlu.li ..ften ar,.o,„,«inie.s the cuttin- of Urj^o teetii. ()„ 
 the f<.urth day tliey discovere ' that I hud lost the iK)Wer 
 of m riKht le;^. My anx? ,,s parent, .'-.rinf^ the .-ourse of 
 many years ea-erly ;,^ras,H3. Mt every ,„„s,H...t of enre whieh 
 was held out, l,ut i„ vain. T',., llttL. hoy was, then-fore 
 |>ern.anently Ja.n.s a fact to Ik, home carefully in n.ind in' 
 trann- his future development. iJy the advi.-e of his 
 ^-randfather, Dr. Rutherford, he was sent to the farinlumse 
 of San<ly-lvnowe, the resi.len.-e of his other ^M-an.lfather 
 RolKM-t Scott. And here In-an that s,>ecial course of train 
 ii.« wh„-h was ,h,stined to exercise a powerful inlluence 
 over the rest of the ]M)y's life. 
 
 " The local information, whi.rh I conceive had some share 
 in fonn.nx my future taste and ,,ursaits, \ .lerived fron, 
 the old .son;rs and tales. My grandmother used to tell me 
 many a tale of Watt of Harden, Wi^ht Willie, Jamie 
 lellfer, and r.ther herr^-s, inerrymen all of the ,.ersuasion 
 and calhn- of Hol.in H,„h1 and Little John. I learned 
 trom her many a story, ^-rave an.l ^ay, co,„ie an,l warlike 
 Two or three ohl hooks were explored for my amusement 
 m the te.l,ous winter .lays, and n.y kind an<l affectionate 
 aunt, Af.ss Janet Scott, whose numu.ry will ever 1k> ,lear 
 to me, use.l t.» read to me with adnural.lc patience 
 Autrrmafhes and liamsay's 7V„-^,/V. J//.svv/A,,.,/, and at a 
 later perhnl Josephus' ir.,r.s ./ f/^e Je,.,, until' [ couhl re- 
 l^eat louK pass^t^res l.y heart. Tlie hallad of //nnfy AmUe 
 I was early n.aster of, to the ^.,,,t annoyanc-e of almost 
 our only visitor, the worthy eler^^man of the j.arish, who 
 was sometimes interrupted hy ,„y shoutinj; forth this 
 ditty." 
 
 At the a-e <.f four he was sent to IJutl,, where he at- 
 tended a .lame's .sch.nd an.l learned t.. rea.l iu alnmt three 
 
128 
 
 LiFR OP Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 months. An cK^casional lesson from his annt and a few 
 les.s<,„s from teachers in Edinburgh were tlie only formal 
 instnurtion he received in childluxKl. He returned to 
 bandy-Knowe and remained there till his eighth year 
 when sea-bathing was tried for the cure of his lamene.ss' 
 but without effect. At the seaside he Ix^can.e the favorite 
 of a veteran, Captain Dalgett:^ who poured into his ears 
 tales of military feats in the German wars. In s,x.aking 
 of this period, Scott observes .-" I derived a great deal 
 of curious information from George Constable, who was 
 the first i,erson to tell me about Falstaff, Hotspur, and other 
 characters in Shakes,K.are. What idea I annexed to them I 
 know not, but I rather suspect that children derive im- 
 pulses of a powerful and important kind in hearing thin.^s 
 they cannot entirely comprehend, and that therefore to wrile 
 dovm to children's understanding is a mistake ; set them 
 on the scent and let them puzzle it out." 
 
 The next eighteen years were si«3nt at his father's house 
 m Edinburgh until his marriage at the age of 26. Of the 
 first two years, 1797-9. he tells us :-"My lameness and my 
 solitary habits had made me a tolerable reader, and my 
 hours of leisure were usually spent in reading aloud to my 
 mother Pope's translation of //o«..r, which, excepting a few 
 traditionary ballads and two songs in Allan Puunsay's Ever 
 !,reen, was the first poetry I perused. My mother used to 
 make me pause uiK.n those i«vssages which expressed 
 generous and worthy sentiments. My own enthusiasm, how- 
 ever, was chiefly awakened by the w.,n,lerful and the terrible 
 I got by heart, not as a task, but almc.t without intending 
 It, the passages with which I was most pleased, and used 
 to recite them aloud, both when alone and to others" 
 
 About fifty years after Scott's death. Professor J. C 
 Shairp lecture,! at Oxford on "The Homeric Spirit in 
 Walter Scott." "The strictest criticism," .said he, "must 
 
i 
 
 Un OF Silt Waltkb Scott. j^g 
 
 allow that hi, foonu, co„tai„ more of the Homeric or enic 
 ement than a„y other ,K«m, in the English la.J^ 
 
 was hke, I should let h,m rea.1 the more heroic ,„r,s of 
 
 signt into the Homeric spirit." 
 In 1779 Scott was sent to the Edinlmrgh Hi«h S..lu«,l 
 
 connt of h,s delicate health, and he s„y,:_.:i „, , ' ^ 
 bow the cl^ in which I was placed.' I..,h „ .rl 
 m p.^.re,s. Th,s was a real disadvantage, and i, L „" 
 ably owmg to this circumstance ,l,«t I did not n,„kc a ^ 
 great figure at the High School » ' 
 
 However, he had the assistance of "„ tutor at hon.e a 
 
 rtuden He was a f.Uhful and active instructor," say, 
 
 ledge of sch«,I d.vu „d ehnrch history. I was a 
 
 Cavaher, „,y friend w,u, a Koundhea,! ; I w,u, a Tory 1,1 
 he wa., a Whig, I hated Pr^byterianJ and ad^i^ M, I 
 
 po .t.c Argyle, «, that we never wanted sul.ject, of dis 
 P«te^ but our disputes were always amicahle." M,ZJL 
 f-ott spent five years a. the Hi,h School, of „h ,."h " 
 last two were under th. direct teaching of J.r Adun Z 
 -etor. from whom S-.f first learned ,ne .d:' 
 
 knowledge he had hither, considered a l.urdcn, eUl 
 
 He «ad CK»r Livy, Sallnst, Virgil, H,.mcc, and Tcn^^e 
 
 ^guage. The rector use,! to invite his s,.l,olar, to u.afce 
 poefcal versions of Horace and Vir>:il. and .Scot.'s tmnt 
 l.on., were often approved l,y Dr. Adau, 
 
130 
 
 Life op Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 HIH WAl.TXIl SI'OTT. 
 
 The delicate, lame boy was as yet uiulisciplined to do the 
 steady, hard work he was destined to i>erform in the future, 
 but his training had fairly begun. While he says, " I made 
 a brighter figure in the yardu than in the clas^ii,'' he strongly 
 repudiates the idea that he was ever a blockhead. " I read 
 not long since," he wrote in 1826, "that ... 1 had been 
 distinguished as an absolute dunce. ... I was never a 
 dunce, nor thought to be so, but an incorrigibly idle imp, 
 who was always longing to do something el-e than what 
 was enjoined him." He was popular among his schcjolmatcs, 
 and used to entertain them with tales from his capacious 
 memory and ready imagination, " in the winter i)lay hours 
 when hard exercise was imi)ossible. I left the High 
 School," he says, " with a great quantity of general infor- 
 mation, ill-arranged, indeed, and collected without system, 
 yet deeply impressed \\\xm my nnnd, readily assorted by my 
 power of connection and memory, and gilded, if I may be 
 Itermitted to say so, by a vivid and active imagination." 
 
 On account of his delicate health his father did not send 
 him directly to college, but allowed him to si>end half a year 
 
1 
 
 Life of Sir Walter Scott. ]$l 
 
 at Kelso witli liis kin<l aunt, >ris.s .I,i„ot S,M»tt, previoasly 
 mentioned. For alnrnt four 1.. .s a clay l.e atten.led the 
 grammar school of the village an.l rea<l Porsius and Tacitus 
 under Mr. Whale, "an excellent cla.ssi.-al scholar, a 
 humorist, and a worthy man." He made considerable pro- 
 gress and 8ay.s, "My time with him, though short. wj« 
 8I)ent greatly to my advantage an.l his gratification. I wa.s 
 as grateful as I could be. I acte.l as usher, heanl the 
 mfenor classes, and siK)Uted the si,eech of Galgacus at tho 
 pubhc examination." In the meantime he was devouring 
 such Wks of history, jwetry, v.>yages, fairy tale-s eastern 
 stories, romances, etc., as fell in his way. inclu.ling .some 
 Olid volumes of Shakesiieare ; .,o that his knowledge of 
 English literature was gradually exten.ling. From Dr 
 Blacklock he learned to appreciate Ossian an.l SjKjnser 
 "The tawdry repetitions of the Ossianic phntseojogy " .soon 
 disgusted him, " but," he writes, " Sj^enser I coul.l have 
 mid for ever. Too young to trouble myseif about the 
 allegory, I considered all the knights and huiies a.i.l dragons 
 and giants in their outward an.l exoteric sense, and God only 
 knows how delightcl I was to find myself in such society 
 and the .piantity of Si«n.ser's sfcmzas which I could reiKiat 
 was really marvellous." About the same time he read a 
 tran.slationof Tasso's great evlc,Jerumfe,n Delivere.f, and first 
 Wme aciuainted with Bishop Percy's Jidujues of Ancient 
 Poetry. The perusjil of the latter book marked an epoch in 
 his life, and his poetic career may be dated from the day 
 that he first oi>ened the volumes. "The summer day si>ed 
 onward so fast, that, notwithstanding the sharp api.etite of 
 thirteen, I forgot the hour of dinner, was .sought for with 
 anxiety, and was still found entranced in my intellectual 
 ban.iuet. The first time, tw, I could scraj-e a few shillings 
 together I bought unto myself a copy of these beloved 
 volumes, nor do I believe I ever read a b.x)k half so 
 
 M 
 
132 
 
 LiFB OF Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 frequently or with half the enthusiasm." Richanlson, Mac- 
 kenzie, Fielding, Smollett, and other novelists also engaged 
 his attention during this period. 
 
 On his return to Edinburgh he attended the college 
 classes in Latin, Greek, Ethics, Moral Philosophy, History, 
 Civil and Municipal law, and also studied Mathematics 
 under a tutor. In regard to his college course Scott has 
 this to Bay : — " If my learning be flimsy and inaccunite, 
 the reader mus^ have some compassion even for an idle work- 
 man who had so narrow a foundation to build uiM)n. If, 
 however, it should ever fall to the lot of youth to i)ernse 
 these pages, let such reader remember that it is with the 
 deepest regret that I recollect in my manhood the ojjpor- 
 tunities of learning which I neglected in my youth ; that 
 through every part of my literary career I have felt 
 pinched and hampered by my own ignorance ; and that I 
 would at this moment give half the reputation I have had 
 the good fortune to acquire, if by so doing I could rest 
 the remaining part upon a sound foundation of learning 
 and science." The frankness and modesty of this passage 
 are thoroughly characteristic of the man, for he never 
 became intoxicated by success and always disclaimed any 
 extraordinary talent and acquirements. His college career 
 was interrupted by another fit of illness, during which he 
 again lived at Kelso and read " what and how " he pleased, 
 and made the acquaintance of "Buchanan's History, that 
 of Matthew of Paris, and other monkish chronicles " in 
 Latin. 
 
 Next he was apprenticed for five years in his father's 
 office, where he disliked the drudgery and confinement, 
 but appreciated the "allowance for copy-money" and the 
 power of choosing his own books and reading them in his 
 own way. "All that was adventurous and romantic," he 
 tells us, "I devoured without much discrimination. Every- 
 
LiPK OP Sir Waltkr Scott. 
 
 133 
 
 thing which t«m(Iiea on knight-errantry was particularly 
 acceptable to nic, and I Moon attempted to imitate what I 
 so greatly admired. My greatest intimate was Mr. John 
 Irving, and we were wont, each of us, to compose a 
 romance for the other's anmsement. Whole holidays were 
 siKjnt in this singular i«istime, which continued for two or 
 three years and had, I Iwlieve, no small effect in directing 
 my imagination to tlie chivalrous and romantic in prose 
 and iKHjtry." Tliis tendency was strengthened by the 
 reading of translations of Tasso and Ariosto. He soon 
 acipiired a working knowledge of Italian, and read "Dante, 
 lioiardo, Pulci, and other eminent Italian authors." He also 
 renewed and extended his knowledge of French literature, 
 and learned to reatl some of the Spanish classics. 
 
 AlK>ut the second year of his apprenticeship his health 
 WHS again interrupted, this time by the breaking of a 
 l)l(Kxl- vessel. After close confinement, severe regimen, and 
 one or two relapses, he recovered jKjrfectly from the injury. 
 "With this illness," he says, "I batle farewell both to 
 disease and medicine, for since that time I h.tve eryoyed 
 a state of the most robust health, and my lameness did not 
 prevent me from taking much exercise on horseback and 
 making long journeys on foot, in the course of which I 
 often walked from twenty to thirty miles a day. These 
 excursions on foot or horseback formed by far my most 
 favorite amusement. My principal object in these ex- 
 cursions was the pleasure of seeing romantic scenery, or 
 the places wliidi had been distinguished by remarkable 
 historical events." 
 
 Alx)it 1788, in his seventeenth year, he joined one of 
 " those associations called literary societies, formed not only 
 for the purpose of debate, but of composition. Our 
 hearts were warm," he writes, "our minds honorably bent 
 on knowledge and literary distinction, and in this society 
 
1.34 
 
 TiiFK OF- Sib Waltku Hcorr. 
 
 ' 11 
 
 I was nattiniUy led to correct my f<»rMier uselenH courHO of 
 reiuling and to aciiuire at least such a ]>ortion of know- 
 ledge as might enable mo to maintain my rank in conver- 
 sation." 
 
 His apprenticeship ended, and about the same time he 
 began, in compliance with his father's wishes, to jiruiNire 
 for the profession of the bar. Accordingly we find his 
 studies directed with great ardor and ]ierseverance towards 
 that object during the years that followed till he received 
 the Advocate's gown, July 11th, 1792. 
 
 Tlie autumn of that year was noteworthy for the l)e- 
 ginning of the famous " Liddesdale Raids," as Scott's seven 
 yearly exjieditions into that then almost inaccessible dis- 
 trict were called. Under the guidance of his friend, Mr. 
 Shortreed, Scott explored every nook of the country, living 
 with slK'pherd and minister, and gathering the material of 
 literature and life afterwards to be incori>orated into his 
 Minstrelny of the Scottish liarder and his greater novels. 
 
 Scott's interest in the law contirnied for fourteen years; 
 his practice was never very extensive, but it was carefully 
 maintained, for literature, he said, was to l)e his staff and 
 not his f riitch. His marriage to Miss Charlotte Carpenter, 
 December 24th, 1797, made his devotion to the so-called 
 practical life stiff more necessary. Out of terms he siHjnt 
 his time in I^sswiide Cottage, on Oie Esk, within six 
 miles of Edinburgh, and amidst Ik .utiful scenes and a 
 happy domestic life took up the interests that led to his 
 career of letters, and, later on, to ti*e abandonment of the 
 law. At the close of 1799 he received the appointment of 
 Sheriff of Selkirkshire through the influence of the head of 
 his house, the Duke of Buccleuch, and could feel the in- 
 dependence that a settled income affords. At that time he 
 had already made his first beginnings as a poet. 
 
 In 1788 Henry Mackenzie lectured on German literature 
 
LiPB or HiB Waltkh Scott. 
 
 Ill I ""y I ' *ni-'' 
 
 1351 
 
 HAIXT MARY'S AIHLB, DRVBUROIt ABBRY. IN WHICH 18 BCOTT'H TtJMa 
 
 ut K(liiil)iirgh, Hiul iiitr(Hlii<x«l a new struam of intellectiml 
 interest into the life of tlie tiorthein Athens. Scott was 
 one of the leaders in tliis new study, and, Ijeeoining in- 
 terested in liOrger's ballad of Lenure, wrote a version one 
 night of Ai)ril, ITiJG. This lie followed with a translation 
 of littrger's Wild J/unfsmati, and the two balhwls were 
 printed in Edinburgh in October, 17K6. 
 
 I^wis prevailed uiKjn Skott in 170G to contribute to his 
 7\des of Wonder, and to publish a version of (j(K;the's 
 early drama, G'Htz von Jkrlichimjen, the theme of which 
 esiK-cially api)ealed to Scott's sympathy. From translation 
 to imitation is but a step, and we may l»egin Scott's 
 original verse with aievtinln*, a ballad the scenery of 
 which he drew from the district afterwards made famous 
 in The Lady of the Luke. A 8e.;(jnd ballad. The Eve of 
 
136 
 
 LiFK or Sib Walter Scott. 
 
 St^ Jtthn, in truer in i)c.etic touch. Tlien Catlyow CoMtU, 
 by virtue of \U mpidity of nioveiueut and delight in 
 nuirMhalliiig in aniiM, IwKJns the Scott that we now know. 
 A literary undertiiking of a more imiiortant character was 
 the puhlimtion in 1802 of The Mimhrhy of the Sct>tti»h 
 lUmltt, for which Stott't* tastes and (xTUjiationH since l)oy- 
 ho<Hl had jieculiarly fitted him. Tfus Mimtrehy was a 
 ilistiuKuished success, and hjid in it "the elements of a 
 hundred historical romances," from which, in many direc- 
 tions, his works were to flow for many years to come. 
 
 Fortune c») operated in Scott's favor at this time to give 
 him not only a new theme of ixietry, but a fit measure 
 for its expression. Lady Dalkeith had no sooner enjoined on 
 him the task of making a ballad on the local legend of 
 Gilpin Horner than he gained a notio', of the fine metrical 
 exiHjriment of Coleridge ir his Chr^yMbel. The iK)em 
 rapidly outgrew its ballad origin, so that when at last it 
 appeared, in 1805, it was as a metrical romance in six 
 cantos, sung by the sole surviving singer of an older day— 
 Tlie Lay of the L<at Minstrel. 
 
 The great success of T/ui Lay Mas not luiwarranted by 
 its merit, and it was followed in 1808 by Marmiim ; The 
 Lady of the Lake, in 1810; Don Hoilerick, in 1811; Jioke- 
 ly, his last inii)ortant i)oetical work, in 1813, and The 
 Bridal of 2'riertnain, which belongs to the same year. The 
 Lord of the Isles was jmblished in 1816, and JIarold the 
 Dauntless in 1817, which completes the well-known series 
 of Scott's i)oems. 
 
 Meanwhile Byron, with a fascinating i)ersoi>ality and 
 fresh themes of verse, had captured the public ear, and 
 in 1822, in the full tide of other successes, Scott bade 
 farewell to his muse. 
 
 Even better known than his poetry, possessing much 
 higher power in the delineation of manners, in the creation 
 
Lii'K or HiR Wai.tkii Hi^i-rr. 
 
 137 
 
 of cImnu'U'r, in Shiikc«ntM iaii |»i«-tim'H of humor uimI »yii|. 
 Iiathy, ami in wi<le iind living' It'urninj;, aro tlio wiit-n of 
 twenty-nine novt'lH iK'Kun hy Wai'trlei/, IHli. In tli.it ynir 
 "Scott Htrurk out a new |»iith in whi«li ncitlu'r llyion 
 nor any otlii-r living man cn\x\d ketp |«uo with him." 
 Tho famous Wavcrli-y Xovt'ls ajuieaml at the rate of ono 
 and HometinifH even three ea<'h year down to iHHi. Their 
 inunediato HUccesM was enorniouH, and Seott'.s [.roHt.s were 
 .s<Hm Hufficient to enal.Ie Iiini to realize his amhition of 
 founding a family e.stat.'. Ho acquired farm after fann 
 and built AhlM.tsford. Hut his proud an<l romantie dream 
 was rudely disjielled l»y the ^reat financial crisis <.f I8:>r>, 
 which caused tho failure of ("onsUhJe's |Mil)lishin« house! 
 The firm of liallantyno and ConiiMiny was involved with 
 thorn and drag^red down to ruin. In the latter comimny 
 Scott ha«l Ikjou a silent iKirtiier since IHOO, and now lie 
 found himself, in January, lH-2(], res|M.n.sil,k' lor 1'II7,(M»0. 
 "Had he chosen to act in the manner (oninionly a.h.pted 
 l)y commercial insolvents, the inatt.r woul.l have k-en settled 
 in a very short time. However, h.. n-ard.-d the emharr.iss- 
 mont of his c.mmercial firm with the feelings, not of a 
 merchant, hut of a gentleman. He thonght that by 
 devoting the rest (.f his life to tho service of his creditors 
 he couhl, in the upshot, pay the last farthing he owed 
 them." 
 
 With unrivalled j.o\ver, in<lustry, and unflinching resolu- 
 tion Sci)tt fought the long battle against insolvency. " He 
 I«iid the iHJnalty of health and life, but ho saved his 
 honor and his self-resiK3ct."' On April 3rd, 1820, Sir 
 Walter writes in his diary: "L have the extraordinary and 
 gratifying news that Wf^MlshH- is .s.,ld for i;8,22H; all 
 ready money— a matchless .sjilc f<,r less than tlneo months' 
 work." In this dark year of i -ouble Udy Scott die.l on 
 May 14th. Five years later Sir Walter had reduced liis 
 

 1S8 
 
 Lir« or KiB Wai.tkh Htott. 
 
 liabilitiuH onu-half; Imt the toil mim kiUiiiK him. The nine 
 voluineH of ]iiH Li/e of Xitfutlenn wuro out iii 1H27, ami 
 OMayx, reviewM, hiMtoriuH, luttvns tileit were iHMtiud at hitt 
 highoMt Hiieetl. In the niiilMt of hix toil, Fubriuiry lAth, 
 1830, he full HiieuchluMM in a htnike of iMimlyxiK. Fitit of 
 apoplexy and ixirulyHiH (M'curred for many montliH, and on 
 Septemlier 2lHt, 1H32, tim end came. He lireathud hiHlaMt 
 at Ab)K)tMford in Hi^ht of the Itelovfd Tweud, with hin four 
 Rons and two dauKhtiTM lH;side him. ThuH full the night 
 on an unfin' hed bat heroic lalntr. However, it Ih Hatinf«u'tory 
 to know that in 1847 the hixt farthing of the debt wax 
 paid to his cruditoni. Hitt iMMly Wiut hiid ItcHide the dust 
 of hi» wife in Dryburgh Abl»ey, whcwo gray walls arc 
 visible from the crags of >Sandy-Kii<)>\e. 
 
Uhkat Kvkntn ov H<'«»ri'H Ij 
 
 9%. 
 
 139 
 
 (JIIKAT KVKNTS ()K SCOTT'S JJKR 
 
 AUK. 
 
 Durn at I>:dinhargh, August 16 1771 
 
 8 Knterud Idlmburgh High ScIum.I, Oct«»bfr . . . IT79 
 
 12 Entored EilinJmrgh Univertlty, November . . 1788 
 
 16 Approntiootl to his fathor, May 179^ 
 
 21 CalM to the Bar, July 1792 
 
 First Rxpoditiun into Uddes«lalu ; studies (Jornian — 
 26 l»ublication of Ballafls trauxlated from Bilrgor, 
 
 Octul>er •......., i7fljj 
 
 2« Married Miss Margarot ('liarl(»tto Carpenter, Decem- 
 
 ^*'24 1797 
 
 28 Published translation of f/o*'/; „/ ihi /nm Ifnud 
 
 (Cjoethu), February I799 
 
 First original ballads, GluijiiUuM, Kir o/St. Juhii, etc. — 
 AppointodSheriff of Selkirk, Deconilwr . . . _ 
 
 81 Tht MuutnJxu of the. Scottish IJonlttr published, Jan nary 1802 
 
 84 The Lay tfthe Lwtt MinMrd publishwl, January . 1805 
 
 38 Becanio silent partner with John Ballantyno &, Co. 1809 
 
 ■11 Bemoved to Ablwtsford, May I8I2 
 
 43 Wawrley, the first of the famous novels, published, 
 
 J"'y 1814 
 
 Commercial panic ; financial crisis .... 1825 
 55 Constable and the Ballantynes insolvent, January 
 
 and February 1826 
 
 Death of Lady Scott, May 11 _ 
 
 Reprint of his works, with explanatory introduc- 
 tions and notes historical and antiquarian . 1880 
 
 First stroke of paralysis, February 16 . . . 
 
 Residence in Malta and Italy, autumn . . . 1881 
 
 61 Died at Abbotsford, September 21 ... . 1832 
 
 ll 
 
140 
 
 Li8T OF 8cori s CiiiKF Works. 
 
 LIST OF SCOTT'S CHIEF WOIJKS. 
 
 The Lay of the liaat Minstrel 1805 
 
 Marmion 1808 
 
 Life and "Workj of Drytlcn 
 
 The Lady o' the Lake 1810 
 
 Vision of Dim Roderick 18ii 
 
 Hokeby 1312 
 
 Life and Works of Swift I8I4 
 
 Waverley. ... 
 
 The Lord of the Isles I8I5 
 
 Guy Mannering 
 
 The Antiquary I81H 
 
 The Black Dwarf _ 
 
 Old Mortality _ 
 
 Bob Boy , . . . 1817 
 
 The Heart of Mid-Lothiau ...... 1818 
 
 Bride of Lam meriuuor ■•...,. 1819 
 
 Legend of Montrose 
 
 Ivanhoe 
 
 The Monastery 1820 
 
 The Abbot * _I 
 
 Lives of the Novelists ... 
 
 Konilworth . . 1821 
 
 Fortunes of Nigel 1822 
 
 Peverii of the Peak 1823 
 
 Quentin Durward 
 
 Bedgauntlet 1824 
 
 The Talisman 1825 
 
 Letters of Malachi Malagrowther I82fi 
 
 Woodstock 
 
 Life of Napoleon 1827 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather- First Series .... 
 
 The Fair Maid of Perth 1828 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather — Second Series ... 
 
 Tales of a Grandfather— I'hird Series .... 1829 
 
 Count Bobert of Paris 1831 
 
 Castle Dangerous 
 
CoNTKMPOP.AKY AUTIIOUS AND EvENTM. 
 
 141 
 
 COXTEMPOllAHY AUTHORS AND EVENTS. 
 
 CONTKMIf)K.\RY 
 AUTIIOMti. 
 
 JOHN 
 WESLEY. 
 1703-1791. 
 
 SAMUEL 
 JOHNSON. 
 
 1709-1784. 
 
 DAVID HUME. 
 1711.177(). 
 
 THOMAS 
 GRAY. 
 
 1716-1771. 
 
 HORACE 
 WALPOLE. 
 
 1717-1797. 
 
 TOBIAS 
 SMOLF.ETT. 
 
 1721-1^71. 
 
 Works. 
 
 H^-mna and 
 Joamal. 
 
 Sermons, 
 
 Wrote for the Rambler, 
 Idler; and A Life of 
 Savage, Dictionary of 
 the English Language. 
 London,Rasgelas, Jour- 
 ney to the Hebrides, 
 Lives of the Poets. 
 
 A Treatise of Human Na- 
 ture, Moral and Philo- 
 sophical Essays, Politi- 
 cal Discourses, History 
 of England. 
 
 The Eh'gy, The Progress 
 of Poesy, The Bard, 
 Ode to Spring, Ode t« 
 Adversity, Ode on a 
 Distant Prospect of 
 Eton. 
 
 Letters and Memoirs, 
 The Castle of Otranto. 
 
 Roderick Random, Pere- 
 j grine Pickle. Humph- 
 I rey Clinker. History of 
 England, Edited Criti- 
 cal Review. 
 
 KVKNTS. 
 
 Cjueen Anne, 
 
 1702. 
 
 Battle of Blen- 
 heim, 1704. 
 
 Gibraltar taken, 
 1704. 
 
 Union of Eng- 
 landand Scot- 
 land, 1707. 
 
 George I., 1714. 
 Rebellion in 
 Scotland, 
 
 1715. 
 
 WILLIAM I Commentaries on tlic 
 BLACKSTONE. | Laws (.f England. 
 1723-1780. j 
 
 ADAM SMITH. | The Wealth of Nations, 
 1723-1790. ! 'I'l'e Theory of Moral 
 ' Sentiments. 
 
 South-Sea Bub- 
 ble bursts, 
 
 1220. 
 
142 
 
 Contemporary Authors and Events. 
 
 t 
 
 11 
 
 CONTBMPORARV 
 
 AirnioRs. 
 
 OLIVER 
 GOLDSMITH. 
 1728-1774. 
 
 Works. 
 
 EVKNTS. 
 
 THOMAS 
 PEBCY. 
 
 1728-1811. 
 
 THOMAS 
 WARTON. 
 
 1728-1790. 
 
 EDMUND 
 BURKE. 
 
 1780-1797. 
 
 WILLIAM 
 COWPER. 
 
 1781-1800. 
 
 ERASMUS 
 DARWIN. 
 
 1782-1802. 
 
 EDWARD 
 GIBBON. 
 
 1787-1794. 
 
 JAMES 
 MACPHERSON. 
 1788-1796. 
 
 The Traveller, The De- 
 serted Village, Retalia- 
 tion, The Vicar of 
 Wakefield, The Good- 
 Natured Man, She 
 Stoops to Conquer. Ani- 
 mated Nature, Histor- 
 ies of England, Rome, 
 Greece, Citizen of the 
 World. 
 
 Reliques of English 
 Poetry. 
 
 The Pleasures of Melan- 
 choly, History of Eng- 
 lish Poetry. 
 
 The Vindication of Na- 
 tural Society, Essay on 
 the Sublime and Bieau- 
 tiful, Reflection on the 
 Revolution in France, 
 Letters on a Regicide, 
 Peace. 
 
 Truth, Table-talk, Ex- 1 
 postulation, Error,! 
 Hope, Charity, John 
 Gilpin,TheTask, trans- 
 lation of Homer, Let- 
 ters. 
 
 The Botanic Garden . 
 
 The Decline and Fall of 
 the Roman Empire. 
 
 Fingal and Temora. 
 
 George II.. 1727. 
 
 il 
 
CONTEUPORAKY AUTHORS AND EvKNTS. 
 
 143 
 
 ! 
 
 ('ontkmporabv 
 Authors. 
 
 SIR PHILIP 
 FRANCIS 
 
 (JUNIUS). 
 
 1740-1818. 
 
 JAMES 
 BOSWELL. 
 
 1740-1795. 
 
 WILLIAM 
 PALEY. 
 
 1743-1805. 
 
 JEREMY 
 BENTHAM. 
 
 1747 1832. 
 
 RICHARD B. 
 SHERIDAN. 
 
 1751-1817. 
 
 DUaALD 
 STEWART. 
 •1753-1828. 
 
 (iEORGE 
 CRABBE. 
 
 1754-1832. 
 
 ROBERT BURNS. 
 1759-17W. 
 
 ROBERT HALL. 
 1764-1831. 
 
 ADAM CLARKE. 
 176(>-ia^2. 
 
 VVORKS. 
 
 KVKNTH. 
 
 Letters of Junius. 
 
 Life of Johnson. 
 
 Elements of Moral and 
 Political Philosophy, 
 Hone Paulinae, Evi- 
 dences of Christianity, 
 iVatural Theology. 
 
 Fragment on Govern- 
 ment, and numerous 
 writings on Law and 
 Politics. 
 
 The Rivals, The School 
 for Scandal, The 
 Duenaa, The ('ritic. 
 
 Philosophy of the Human 
 Mind, Moral Phil- 
 osophy. 
 
 The Library, The Vil- 
 lage, The Parish Regis- 
 ter, The Borough, The 
 Tales of the Hall. 
 
 Tarn O'Rhanter, To a 
 Daisy, to a Mouse, The 
 Cotter's Saturday 
 Night, The Jolly Beg- 
 gars. 
 
 Sermons. 
 
 Commentaries on the 
 Biblo. 
 
 Rebellion in 
 Scotland, 
 1745. 
 
 (/live in India, 
 1750-«W. 
 
 Earthquake nt 
 Lisbon, 1755. 
 
 Black Hole at 
 Calcutta, 
 1756. 
 
 George III., 
 1760. 
 
144 
 
 Contemporary Authors and Events. 
 
 ,[ 
 
 Contemporary 
 autiioks. 
 
 ROBERT 
 BLOOMFIELD. 
 1766-1823. 
 
 MARIA 
 EDGE WORTH. 
 
 1767-1848. 
 
 AMELIA OPIE. 
 1769-18r)3. 
 
 WILLIAM 
 WORDSWORTH. 
 1770-1850. 
 
 JAMES 
 MONTGOMERY. 
 
 1771-1854. 
 
 JOHN LINGARD. 
 1771-1851. 
 
 SAMUEL T. 
 COLERIDGE. 
 
 1772-1884. 
 
 ROBERT 
 SOUTHEY. 
 
 1774-1843. 
 
 THOMAS 
 MOORE. 
 
 1779-1852. 
 
 Works. 
 
 Tho Farmer's Boy, Rural 
 Tales, May-day with 
 the Muses. 
 
 Castle Rackrent, Popular 
 Tales, Leonora, Tales 
 of Fashionable Life, 
 Patronage. 
 
 Father and Daughter, 
 Tales cf the Heart, 
 Temper. 
 
 An Evening Walk, De- 
 scriptive Sketches, Tho 
 Fxcursion, The White 
 I^«)e of Rylstone, Son- 
 nets, Laodamia, etc. 
 
 Greenland, The Pelican 
 Island, The Wanderer 
 in Switzerland, Prison 
 Amusements, The 
 World before the Flood. 
 
 History of England. 
 
 EVENTB. 
 
 Napoleon and 
 Wellington 
 born, 1769. 
 
 Ode to the Departing 
 Year, The Rime of the 
 Anoyent Marinere, 
 Christabel, Genevieve. 
 Lectures on Shake- 
 speare, Biographia Lit- 
 eraria. 
 
 Wat Tyler, Thalaba, The 
 Curse of Kehama, Rod- 
 erick, Vision of Judg- 
 ment, Lives of Wesley, 
 Cowper, etc. 
 
 rri«h Melodies, Lalla 
 Rookh, The Fudge 
 Family in Paris, The 
 Epicurean. 
 
 SIB WALTER 
 SCOTT, born 
 1771. 
 
 Warren Hast- 
 ings in India, 
 17/2-85. 
 
 American De- 
 claration of 
 Independence 
 1776. 
 
 Alliance of 
 France and 
 America, 
 1778. 
 
 French Revolu- 
 tion begun in 
 1789. 
 
 Bastille over- 
 thrown, 1789. 
 
 Cape of Good 
 Hope taken, 
 1795. 
 
 Bonaparte in 
 Italy, 1796. 
 
Contemporary Authors and Evknts. 
 
 145 
 
 Contemporary 
 autiiokh. 
 
 THOMAS 
 DE QUINCEY. 
 1785-1859. 
 
 LORD BYRON 
 (Oeoruk Gordon). 
 
 1788-1824. 
 
 PERCY BY8SH15 
 SHELLEY. 
 
 1792-1822. 
 
 JOHN KEATS. 
 1795-1821. 
 
 THOMAS 
 CARLYLE. 
 
 1795-1881. 
 
 LORD 
 MACAULAY 
 
 (Thomas 
 Babinoton). 
 
 1800-1859. 
 
 LORD LYTTON 
 (EowAUO Bulwer). 
 
 1808-1873. 
 
 LORD 
 TENNYSON 
 
 (Alfred 
 Tennyson). 
 
 1809-1892. 
 10 
 
 Works. 
 
 Confesaioiis of an English 
 Opium-Eater. 
 
 Hours of Idleness, Eng- 
 lish Bards and Scotch 
 Reviewers, Childo Har- 
 old's Pilgrimage, He- 
 brew Melodies. 
 
 Qaeen Mab, Prometheus 
 Unbound, Ode to the 
 Skylark, The Cioud, 
 Adonais. 
 
 Poems, Endymion, Hy- 
 perion. 
 
 German Romances, Sar- 
 tor Resartus, The 
 French Revolution, 
 Heroes and Hero- Wor- 
 ship, Past and Present, 
 Cromwell's Letters and 
 Speeches, Life of Fred- 
 erick the Great. 
 
 Milton, Lays of Ancient 
 Rome, History of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 Ismael and other Poems, 
 Eugene Aram, Last 
 Days of Pompeii, The 
 Caxtons, My Novel, 
 Poems. 
 
 Poems, In Memoriam, 
 Maud, Idylls of the 
 King, Queen Mary, 
 Becket. 
 
 KVKNTM. 
 
 Battle of the 
 Nile, 1798. 
 
 Union of Great 
 Britain and 
 Ireland, 18U1. 
 
 Trafalgar and 
 Nelson, 18U5. 
 
 Peninsular 
 War, 1808-14. 
 
 Napoleon's In- 
 vasion of 
 Russia ; Mos- 
 cow burnt, 
 1812. 
 
 War with Unit- 
 ed States, 
 1812-14. 
 
 Battle of Water- 
 loo, 1815. 
 
 George IV. as- 
 cends the 
 throne, 1820. 
 
 Greek War of 
 Freedom, 
 1822-29. 
 
 Byron in 
 Greece, 1823- 
 24. 
 
 Catholic Eman- 
 cipation, 1829. 
 
 William IV. as- 
 cends the 
 throne, 1830. 
 
 The Reform 
 Bill, 1882. 
 
AN ANCIENT CASTLK. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Tlie. Lay of the, LnM ^f!n.'<frrf was issued in January-, 1S05, and 
 opened with tho short preface liero quoted : — 
 
 SCOTT'S PREFACE. 
 
 " The poem now offered to tho public is intended to illustrate 
 the customs and manners which anciently prevailed on the 
 Borders of England and Scotland. The inhabitants, living in a 
 state partly pastoral and partly warlike, and comhining habits 
 of constant depredation with the influence of a rude spirit of 
 chivalry, were often engaged in scenes highly susceptible of 
 poetical ornament. As the description of scenery and manners 
 was more the object of the Author than a combined and regular 
 narrative, the plan of the Ancient Metrical Bomance was 
 adopted, which allows greater latitude in this respect than 
 would be consistent with the dignity of a regular Poem. The 
 same model offered other facilities, as it permits an occasional 
 alteration of measure which in some degree authorizes the 
 change of rhythm in the text. Tho machinery also, adopted 
 from popular belief, would have scorned puerile in a Poem 
 which did not partake of tlie rudeness of the oM Ballad or 
 Metrical Bomaiicn. 
 
 146 
 
TiiK Lay op the Last Minhtrkl. 
 
 147 
 
 " For these reasons the poem was put in tho month of an 
 ancient Minstrel, the last of the race, who, as he is supposed to 
 have survived the Revolution, might have caught somewhat of 
 tho refinement of modern poetry without losing the simplicity 
 of his original model. Tho date of the Talo itself is al)out the 
 middle of the sixteenth century, when most of tlio per^tonages 
 actually flourished. The time occupied by the action is Three 
 Nights and Three Days." 
 
 TIME-ANALYSIS. 
 
 The introduction or prelude makes us acquainted with the 
 ajjed minstrel from whose lips we are to receive tho narrative. 
 The poem opens with a sketch of the interior of Branksome 
 Castle on the afternoon of the first day. The collo«iiiy be- 
 tween the Spirit of the Flood and the Spirit of tho Fell, to- 
 gether with the ride of William Deloraine to Melrose Abbey, 
 occupy the evening and night of tho first day. At dawn on the 
 morning of the second day De' ' aine leaves Melrose Abbey 
 with the mystic book taken from Michael Scott's tomb pressed 
 to his bosom, and begins his return journey. On the way he 
 meets Lord Henry Cranstoun, fights with him, is wounded and 
 carried to Branksome by Lord Henry's dwarf. The miscliiev- 
 ous dwarf leads the boy, young Buccleuch, into the woods, 
 where the English make him prisoner. The dwarf returns to 
 tho castle and Lady Buccleuch attends to Deloraine, using 
 magic to heal his hurt. In the evening the signal fires in the 
 south give warning that the English are coming on a foray, 
 and preparations are made to meet them \. ith suiHcient force. 
 
 On the third day Watt Tinlinn comes at daybreak from tho 
 Liddel-side to Branksome with tidings of the English raid. 
 Three hours later "throe thousand armed Snglishmon" ar- 
 rive at the castle. Shortly a single combat is arranged for 
 between the Scotch Deloraine and the Englisli Musgrave, to 
 take place next morning " at the fourth hour from the peep of 
 dawn"; the " prize of the field the young Buccleuch." The 
 rest of the day was spent " without a threat, without a frown," 
 in social intercourse between the two armies. 
 
 The fourth day opens with the combat. Cran.stoun, dis- 
 guised as Deloraine, fights the duel for him against the English 
 Musgrave, and the latter is slain. Cranstoun reveals himself, 
 and the Lady of Buccleuch, delighted to receive back hor 
 
148 
 
 Noi'KS. 
 
 oaptWe boy, withdraws her objections to Lord llenry'ii match 
 with her daughter Margaret, famed for her lieauty. "The 
 ■pouial rites were ended eoon,** and the rest of the day passes in 
 feast and song. In the afternoon, *' long before the sinking 
 day,** ** a wondrous shade involved them all. ... A flash 
 of lightning oame*'and " the elfish dwarf was seen no more." 
 Thus end the " Three Nights and Three Days." 
 
 LORD JEFFREY'S ANALYSIS OF THE LAY. 
 
 Sir Walter Scott of Bucoleuch, the Lord of Branksome, was 
 slain in a skirmbh with the Cam about the middle of the 
 sixteenth century. He left a daughter of matchless beauty, an 
 infant son, and a high-minded widow, who, though a very 
 virtuous and devout person, was privately addicted to the study 
 of magic, in which she had been initiated by her father. Lord 
 Cranstoun, their neighbor, was at feud with the whole clan of 
 Scott, but had fallen desperately in love with the daughter, 
 who returned his passion with equal sincerity and ardor, 
 though withheld by her duty to her mother from uniting her 
 destiny with his. 
 
 Canto L — The poem opens with a description of the warlike 
 establishment of Branksome Hall, and the firs^t incident that 
 occurs is a dialogue between the Spirits of the adjoining 
 mountain and river, who, after consulting the stars, declare 
 that no good fortune can ever bless the mansion " till pride be 
 quelled and love be free." The lady, whose forbidden studies 
 had taught her to understand the language of such speakers, 
 overhears their conversation, and vows, if possible, to retain 
 her purpose in spite of it. She calls a gallant knight of her 
 train therefore, and directs him to ride immediately to the 
 Abbey of Melrose, and there to ask from the Monk of St. Mary's 
 Aisle the mighty book that was hid in the tomb of the Wizard, 
 Michael Scott. The remainder of the first canto is occupied 
 with the night journey of the warrior. 
 
 Canto II. — When he delivers his m' sage the monk appears 
 filled with consternation and terror, but leads him at last 
 through many galleries and chapels to the spot where the 
 wizard was interred, and, after some account of his life and 
 character, the warrior heaves up f . < tombstone, and is dazzled 
 
TiiK Lay op thk Laht Mixbtrrl. 
 
 149 
 
 by the stream injj splendor f»f an ever-burning lamp, which 
 illuminates the H»pulnhre of the enchanter. With trambling 
 hand he tiikos the book from the tide of the deceased, and 
 hurries homo with it in his bosom. In the meantime Lorf 
 Cranstoun and the lovely Margaret have mot at dawn in the 
 woods adjacent to the ca«tle, and are repeating their vows of 
 true love, when they are startled by the approach of a horse- 
 man. The lady reti>.at8 and the lover rides a way. 
 
 Canto III.— Aflvancing, he finds it to be the messenger from 
 Brunksomv with whom, as an hereditary enemy, he thinks it 
 necessary to enter immediately into combat. The poor knight, 
 fatigued with his nocturnal adventures, is dismounted at the 
 firnt ah' "k, and falls desperately wounded to the ground, while 
 Lord Cranstoun, relenting to the kitisman of his beloved, directs 
 his page to attend him to the castle, and gallops home before 
 any alarm can be given. Lord Cranstoun's page is something 
 unearthly. It is a little missh pen dwarf whom he found one 
 day when he was hunting in a solitary glen, and took home 
 with him. It never speaks, except now and then to cry •' Lost ! 
 lost ! lost ! " and is, on the whole, a hateful, malicious little 
 urchin, with no one good quality but his unaccountable at- 
 tachment and fidelity to his master. This personage, on ap- 
 proaching the wounded Borderer, discovers the mighty book in 
 his bosom, which he finds some difficulty in opening, and has 
 hardly had time to read a single spell in it when he is struck 
 down by an invisible hand, and the clasps of the magic volume 
 shut suddenly more closely than over. This one spell, however, 
 enables him to practise every kind of illusion. He lays the 
 wounded knight on his horse and leads him into the castle, 
 while the warders see nothing but a wain of hay. He throws 
 him down un perceived at the door of the lady's chamber, and 
 turns to make good his retreat. In passing through the court, 
 however, he sees the young heir of Buccleuch at play, and, 
 assuming the form of one of his companions, tempts him to go 
 out with him to the woods, whore, as soon as they pass a 
 rivulet, he assumes his own shape and bounds away. The 
 bewildered child is met by two English archers, who make prize 
 of him and carry him off, while the goblin page returns to the 
 castle, where he personates the young baron to the great an- 
 noyance of the whole inhabitants. The lady finds the woonded 
 
150 
 
 Notes. 
 
 knight, and eagerly ompluyM charniR for hi« recovery, that a' ) 
 may learn the story of the diaaster. The lovely Margaret in 
 the meantime is sitting in her turret ga4.ing on the wuHtorn 
 star and musing on the scenes of the morning, when she din- 
 cuvors the blazing beacons that announce the approach of an 
 English enemy. Thealarm is immediately given, and bustling 
 preparations made throughout the mansion fur defence. 
 
 Canto IV.— The English force, under the command of the 
 Lords Howard and Dacre, speedily appears before the castle, 
 leading with them the young Bucoleuch, and propose that the 
 lady should either give up Sir William of Deluraine(who had 
 been her messenger to Melrose), as having incurred the guilt 
 of March treason, or receive an English garrison within her 
 walls. She answers, with much spirit, that her kinsman will 
 clear himself of the imputation of treason by single combat, 
 and that no toe shall ever get admittance into her fortresx. 
 The English lords being secretly apprised of the approach of 
 powerful succors to the besiogod, agree to the proposal of the 
 combat, and stipulate that the buy shall be restored to liberty 
 or detained in bondage according to the issue of the battle. 
 The lists are appointed for the ensuing day, and a trucu liuiug 
 proclaimed in the meantime, the opposing bauds mingle in 
 hospitality and friendship. 
 
 Canto V.--Deloraiue being wounded was expected to ap- 
 pear by champion, and some contention arises fur the honor of 
 that substitution. This, however, is speedily terminated by a 
 person in the armor of the warrior himself, who encounters 
 the English champion, slays him, and leads the captive young 
 chieftain to the embraces of his mother. At this moment 
 Deloraine himself appears, half clothed and unarmed, to claim 
 the combat which has terminated in his ' >sence ; and all flock 
 around the stranger who has personated him so successfully. 
 He unclasps his helmet, and behold i Lord Cranstoun of 
 Teviotdale ! The lady, overcome with gratitude, and the re- 
 membrance of the Spirit's prophecy, consents to forego tlie 
 feud, and to give the fair hand of Margaret to the enamoured 
 baron. 
 
 Canto VI.— The rites of betrothment are then celebrated 
 with great magnificence, and a splendid entertainment given 
 
pKKI.UhK. 
 
 151 
 
 to all tiio Knglinh ait<l Soottixli cliiurtains whom th« alarm had 
 asaumbled ut Brauktomo. Lortl OaiistouirM page play* 
 several unlucky tricks during the fo«»».ival, uud brueds some dis- 
 suasion among tho warriors. To Hootho their ireful nuiod the 
 minstrels are intru^lucud, who recite throe ballad pieces of con- 
 siderable merit. Just a^ their suugs are ended a supernatural 
 darkness spreads itself through tho hall; a tremendous flash 
 of lightning and poul of thunder unsue, which break just on 
 the spot where the goblin page had been Heated, who is heard 
 to soy "Found! found! found!" ond is no more to be seen 
 when the darkness clears away. Tho wliole party is chilled 
 with terror at this extraordinary incident, and Deloraine pro- 
 tosts that he distinctly saw tho figure of the ancient wizard, 
 Michael Scott, in tho middle of the lightning. The lady re- 
 nounces for over the unhallowod study of magic ; and all tho 
 chiuftains, struck with awe and constornatiun, vow to make a 
 pilgrimage to Melrose to implore rest and forgiveness for the 
 spirit of tho dopartod sorcoror. With the description of thu 
 ceremony tho Minstrel closed his lay. 
 
 — Kdiiihunjh Rn'kw, Feb., 1806. 
 
 ANNOTATIONS. 
 
 The final edition of Scott's works was carefully revised by 
 his owu hand, and a largo number of explanatory notes wore 
 added. Those relating to Tht. Lay oftht Last MliiMrd are here 
 given pretty fully, so that tho student may receive the author's 
 olucidations at first hand. 
 
 PRELUDE. 
 
 The metre of this introduction or prelude is iamlnc, with four 
 accents in each line. The octodyllahic couplet, with occasional 
 slight variations, is tho verse employed throughout The Lay. 
 Occasionally the rhymes aro dou))tful, somearo altogether bad. 
 Thus page 10, lines 5, 6, ijom is made to rhyme with throne ; 
 page 12, 3 and 4, Ooil an<l v<fc. Nevertheless, tho vigorous 
 V)oat of Scott's lines and tiic energetic flow of the verse com- 
 pensate most readers for the occasional imperfections in the 
 ihymes and the ahscjico of finer musical qualities, such as 
 abound in the poetry of Byron and Tennyson. 
 
 The beginning of tho poem ii characteristic. We find no 
 long-drawn preamble; tho poot plunges atonce into the subject, 
 
153 
 
 Notes. 
 
 •nd mainUini the rapidity and «wing <>t the initial line* 
 with wonderful variety and power throui^huut moat of ttte 
 poem. 
 
 Note the extreme oase chomn to excit<i int' < n<4t, i i the MinetreL 
 Attheend of Canto III. and the lteginDir..T ' ('uttu IV. further 
 pathetic details are added to create ly >i>i i y i r the bard. 
 Compare, "Thore waH a dead man ciirrie ' /, ri,>, 'heoalyiion 
 of hiH muthur, and nhu watt a widow." 
 
 P«ffe O, 2.— The Minstrel. liixhopT.M.y m } 
 
 q/'A'N2//MA /'oe/;y, I705,maintained that thu V >iriu' 
 
 in anciunt timet was an honorable one, tha he w i.-: u 
 
 singer but also a poet, componing the song ^hat he 
 
 iilnstrel 
 't only a 
 to the 
 
 4lli 
 
 accumpaniin t of his harp, and that it wat* only in lutor times 
 thot he wa olassed with "rogues, va^'abonds, and hturdy 
 beggars." On the other hand Bitson maintained that the 
 minstrels were merely strolling musicians and were never 
 held in hiy;h esteem and honor. In the introduction to the 
 Border Mimare/^i/ Scott gives his own thoughts on the subject, 
 and agrees with Percy's account rather than with Ritson's. 
 He takes a middle view, believing that there were minstrels 
 of different degrees, and accordingly he describes his minstrel 
 as having once " known a better day," though now compelled 
 to beg and " please a peasant's ear." Compare miiutrel, bard, 
 gleenutii, ncald, jtwt, tninneiiinyer, and troubadaur. 
 
 8.— Border Chivalry. Scott's preface says the poem "Is 
 Intended to illu...rate the customs and manners which 
 anciently prevailed on the Borders of England and 
 
 Scotland '* ; but he has really given a conventional poetic 
 picture in which the influence of the artificial school of Pope 
 may still be traced. 
 
 9. — Well-a-day. A corruption of welaway, from A. 8. wa ! 
 la ! wa !— woe 1 lo ! woe ! — an expression of sorrow and regret ; 
 date here means time, age ; properly an epoch or point of 
 time. " Poetry delights in old forms and meanings." 
 
 18. — palflrey. A hybrid word, meaning a riding horse. 
 
 14,— carolled. Carol meant originally a dance, then a 
 song, especially one expressive of joy. Tht derivation is 
 uncertain. Skeat says it is " clearly Celtic," while Murray 
 says that a "Celtic origin is clearly out of the question.'' 
 
PKKLUIIK. 
 
 153 
 
 WeUh Carol, Armrni*, A'onV/, O. Pr. CnnJr. Tho alHtoratlon 
 of thew hnea bocu.ne-* more appantiit if we Hiip,.n»H tho 
 vowel* and f«iok at tho ouu8Qnnnt« aloiio: lino |5<, «, m, r, n, 
 t», n, ng, p. I, f, r, l», r, n, where we ftnd t«n /.'vm/V/ m>un<U 
 beside* the Inhml cmihination p, p; f, hj |i„e n, i,. ^^ ,.^ „ 
 d, 1 (gh\ t, «, I, r, k, t, in, r, n, in which wo find the ,,,ifhn-,U>, 
 h. k, k, eight /iV/m/,/ 9«mnd», and the tUnMf conibinati,.u d, t, 
 I, t. If wo study tho HiicoesHion of vowoIh we find a reonrnnee 
 ..f similar sounds. In pajjo 10, II. I and 2. we fin.l the 
 guttural alliterationH miiru^l, r«,7w,/, /„,,/,, „,,//, ,j„,,f, i„ ^r 
 imitation of the harp music of the minstrel thia cum/Jcx 
 alliteration in appropriate and effective. 
 
 Paflre 10,2.-Hlfirh-place(I In hall. Ac«onl,..i an hon. -rable 
 position in the public ro„f„ of thi- uastlo. Tho private room 
 or boudoir wos the •' b»>wei " 
 
 8.— Unpremeditated. \ ry often the minstrel wouM enter- 
 tain the company with a poetical account of the day's proce...!- 
 ings. sports, hunting, etc., improvised for tlio occasion. Whon 
 William I. loft Normandy to invade Knghmd, ho took with him 
 Taillifer, the bard, *<> sing a chanson of the conquest. 
 
 6.— Stranger. William Iir. The wordgivrs a hint oi tho 
 strong Jacobite feelingtbat suits the c-.harncter of tl.o minstrol. 
 The line also fixes the age to which tho minstrol ]>ol«.ngs. On 
 page 12 wo find he had played before Chail.s I. rFn lf;38 
 or 1641), and the time of this recitation must b • about I'iOO. 
 
 7.— The Iron Time. The time of tho Puritan C.mmon- 
 wealth. Probably there is an allusion hero to the famous 
 Ordinance of 165fi, which enacted that if any " i-orson or p. rsoLs 
 commonly called Pidlers or Minstrels shall ata.iy time bo t ik. n 
 playing, fidling, or making music in any Inn, Al >iouse or 
 Tavern or shall be taken proffering themselves, or dusirinpr or 
 intreating any .... to hear tl.em play or mak- ni isic 
 m any of the places aforesaid, every such person or per-ouy so 
 taken shall be adjudged, and are hereby adjudged and d-ol od 
 to be rogues, vagabonds, and sturdy beggars." The b. .1 ,as 
 lived through the reigns nf Charles T., Charles II., and Jo., as 
 ii., and now sees his old enemies again supreme in power. 
 
 13.— Newark's stately tower. A massive square tower 
 ouilt by James II. , and now in ruin;^. It is al)out throe miles 
 
154 
 
 Notes. 
 
 from Selkirk on the ri^t bank of the Yarrow, a rapid torrent 
 which juias tlie Ettrick about a mile below the castle. It came 
 ■■to the hands of the Bucclouch family after the battle of 
 Flodden, and was just outside the grounds of Bowhill, the resi- 
 dence of Lady Dalkeith, who suggested to Scott the subject 
 of The Lay. The poem is dedicated to the Karl of Dalkeith, 
 afterwards Duke of Buccleuch, and it is in compliment to the 
 family that Newark is selected as the place where the aged 
 minstrel delivers his recitation. 
 
 Pag-e 11, 2. — embattled. 
 
 Provided with battlements, notched 
 parapets separated by openings. 
 
 ?>.— massy. Poetic diction for 
 massive. Compare bussy. 
 
 Poetic inversion. Compare 11. 2, 
 9, 15, etc. 
 
 iron door. The epithet describes the heavily ironed door, 
 but also suggests the hard-hearted owner who would sternly 
 close the door against the appeal of those in want. 
 
 7.— The Duchess. Anne, the first Duchess of Buccleuch 
 and of Monmouth; widow of James, Duke ot uionmouth, who 
 was defeated at Sedgemoor and executed in 1685. There is a 
 tradition that she was born at Newark Castle. 
 
 9. —page. A lad or youth who waits on persons of rank ; 
 menials, household servants, domestics. 
 
 Pa«re 12, 2.— Earl Francis. Was Earl of Buccleuch and 
 father of the Duchess Anne. His name was Francis Scott, and 
 Professor Minto remarks : "Scott, as the modern poet laureate 
 of the Scott kindred, kept everything as it were within the 
 leading family." 
 
 ^. — Earl Walter. A celebrated warrior, father of the above 
 Earl, grandfather of the Duchess. 
 
 0.— Buccleuch. Is literally Buck-cleuch, glen or ravine. 
 Tradition states that John Scott, the founder of the family, 
 gained the favor of King Kenneth MacAlpin by an exhibition 
 of strength. He seized by the horns a huge buck that stood at 
 bay in a glen, threw him over his shoulder and with his burden 
 
Pkeluok. 
 
 155 
 
 ran about a mile up a stoep hill and laid the buck at the 
 sovereign's feet. But very likely in this, as in many other 
 instances, the name suggested the invention of the legend. 
 7.— If the noble Duchess would care to listen, etc. 
 10.— Sooth. Truth, A.S. Soth; -^ -- , ' |||i 
 13.— boon. Originally a prayer, petition, or request. In 
 the phrase "a boon com{)auiou " we have an entirely different 
 word. See diet. 
 
 15.— room of state. Hall or reception room. 
 
 17.— " Perchance Scott more than once, after undertaking to 
 write a ballad about Gilpin Horner at the request of the 
 Countess, repented in like manner of his rashness."— Minto. 
 
 20. -security to please. Confidence tliat he can please. 
 The bard had a doubt and did not feel sure of pleasing his 
 auditors. Some critics discover this hesitancy or faltering of 
 the minstrel throughout the poem. 
 
 22.— wildering. Bewildering, perplexing, confusini?, puzz- 
 ling. 
 
 23. — heart. Courage to go on. 
 
 2(!. -according glee. A joyous strain, UtmliiKj hannoniow- 
 ly with the rest of the music. 
 
 28.— full fain. He would r,ry ,,hi,Uy recall it if he could. 
 
 30. -thought to sing. He never had expected to sing the 
 old music again. 
 
 31. — churls. Villagers, peasants. 
 
 33.— Charles I. was crowned at Holyrood, June, 1633, and 
 visited Edinburgh again in 1(>41 for the purpose of establishing 
 the episcopal form of worship. It is iw.aginable that he found 
 leisure to receive minstrels. Forty or fifty years have now 
 elapsed and the minstrel has experienced many changes since 
 the ,jood days of Charles I. Scott's own bias towards the 
 Stuarts was hereditary, seeing that his great-grandfather was 
 called "Beardie," because he would never cut his Iniard after 
 the expulsion of the Stuart line. 
 
 34.— Holyrood. Ai abbey founded in 1128 by David I. The 
 royal palace adjoining the abbey and built by James IV. and 
 James V. Rood ; cross, i.e., the Cross of Christ. 
 
156 
 
 Notes. 
 
 Pagro 13, 8. — His faded ej'e brightened up. Pitt praised 
 this passage describing the scene between the minstrel and the 
 ladies, and Scott mentions with evident pleasure the approba- 
 tion of William Pitt and Charles Fox. 
 
 13. — forgot. Short form of forgotten. Similarly gotten is 
 almost fallen into disuse, being replaced by got^ except in the 
 New England States, where the obsolescent form is still current. 
 
 17. — Scott was careless about details and " was severely lec- 
 tured by Lewis for the badness of his rhymes." 
 
 18. — rung, sung. Since about the 16th century the forms 
 in U have been often substituted for the proper rang and xang. 
 
 19. — Nicol Burne is mijtposed to hare been, in actual fact, " the 
 latest minstrel." This introduction makes us acquainted with 
 the Minstrel into whose mouth Scott puts the text of the poem. 
 The artifice saves him 'rom the necessity of making any pre- 
 liminary explanation in prose, which might have been rather 
 awkward. 
 
 Jeffrey, the famous critic, places " the introductory and 
 concluding lines of every canto in the very first rank of 
 poetical excellence." 
 
 CANTO I. 
 
 Pagre 14, 1.— The feast was over in Branksome Tower. 
 
 In the reign of James I., Sir William Scott of Buccleuch, 
 chief of the clan bearing that name, exchanged, with Sir 
 Thomas Inglis of Manor, the estate of Murdiestone, in Lanark- 
 shire, for one-half of the barony of Branksome, or Brankholm, 
 lying upon the Teviot, about three miles above Hawick. He 
 was probably induced to this transaction from the vicinity of 
 Branksome to the extensive domain which he possessed in 
 Ettrick Forest and in Teviotdale. In the former district he 
 held by occupancy the estate of Buccleuch, and much of th» 
 forest land on the river Ettrick. In Teviotdale he enjoyed the 
 barony of Eckford, by a grant from Bobert II. to his ancestor, 
 Walter Scott of Kirkurd, for the apprehending of Gilbert 
 Bidderford, confirmed by Robert III. , 8rd May, 1424. Tradition 
 imputes the exchange betwixt Scott and Inglis to a conversation, 
 in which the latter — a man, it would appear, of a mild and 
 forbearing nature — complained much of the injuries to whi-:h 
 he was exposed from the English Borderers, who frequently 
 
Canto I. 
 
 157 
 
 plundered his lands of Branksomc. Sir William Scott instant- 
 ly offered him the estate of Murdiestone in exchange for 
 that which was subject to such egre-jious inconvenience. 
 When the bargain was completed, he dryly remarked that the 
 cattle in Cumberlard were as good as those of Teviotdalo, and 
 proceeded to commence a system of reprisals upon tlio English, 
 which was regularly pursued by his successors. In the next 
 reign James II. granted to Sir Walter Scott of Branksoine, and 
 to Sir David, his son, the remaining half of the barony of 
 Brauksome, to be held in blanche for the payment of a red 
 rose. The cause assigned for the grant is their brave and 
 faithful exertions in favor of the King against the house of 
 Douglas, with whom James had been recently tugging for the 
 throne of Scotland. This charter is dated the 2nd February, 
 1443, and in the same month part of the barony of Langholm, 
 and many lands in Lanarkshire, were conferred upon Sir 
 Walter and his son by the same monarch.— Scott. 
 
 8.— spell. Form of magic words, an incantation. 
 
 4.— Trochaic line. The change of metre exactly suits the 
 meaning. 
 
 5. — This lino is taken from Coleridge's Chris/aM. 
 fi.— Wlgrht. Creature, man, thing. A.S. in'h^. 
 8.— idlesse. Hybrid word; A.S. i<M + Fr. sutlix -<mm^. An 
 imitation of Spenser's artificial archaisms. 
 
 9.— squire. A shield-bearer, attendant on a knight. Eng. 
 enquire; O. Fr. e^ui/er; Lat. smfiim, a shield. 
 
 13.— rushy floor. Rushes, hay, or straw strewn on the 
 floor of the hall served the purpose of carpets in the early days. 
 A heap of straw or rushes covered with a blanket or cloth 
 served for a bed in Saxon times. 
 
 Pagre 15, 8.— Nine-and-twenty knights. The ancient 
 barons of Buccleuch, both from feudal splendor and from their 
 frontier situation, retained in their househo at Branksome a 
 number of gentlemen of their own name, who held lands from 
 their chief, foj- the military service of watching and warding 
 his castle. — Scott. 
 
 4.— Hung their shields. Always lived there. 
 6. —squires of name. Men of noble family. 
 
158 
 
 NOTKS. 
 
 11} 
 I 
 
 6.— to bower from stall. To the house from the stable. 
 The bower was the ladies' apurtments. 
 
 7. — yeomen. Fighting mon, soldiers. 
 
 18.— Poetical exaggeration. The armor was too hoovy for 
 either man or horse to wear day and night, and the helmnt 
 was worn only in actual fighting. Here Scott is merely following 
 the example of the elder bards, and it is nonsense to charge 
 him with " false antiquarianism,'* for none knew better than 
 he the usages of the times he is here depicting. The warriors 
 were ever ready to repel a sudden English raid is the meaning. 
 
 16.— corselet The armor protecting the trunk. See cut, 
 p. 15. 
 
 Pagre 16, 1.— buckler. A kind of shield with a boss or 
 projection in the centre. 
 
 4.— helmet barred. The front of the helmet, called the 
 visor, was movable so that the face might be uncovered. 
 When the visor was down the soldier breathed and looked 
 through the bars or the perforations as the case might be. 
 
 7.— wight. Active, strong, fit for war. A.S. wi,j, war. 
 
 9, - Barded. Provided with armor. Fr. Imrile, horse armor. 
 See cut, page 24. 
 
 10.— with Jedwood-axe. " Of a truth," says Proissart, 
 •' the Scottish cannot boast great skill with the bow, but rather 
 bear axes, with which, in time of need, they give heavy 
 strokes." The Jedwood-axe was a sort of partisan, used by 
 horsemen, as appears from the arms of Jedburgh, Mhich bear a 
 cavalier mounted, and armed with this weapon. It is also 
 called a Jed wood or Jeddart Btaff.— Scott. 
 
 13.— dight. Dressrd, decked, prepared. A.S. dihfnn, to set 
 in order. 
 
 21.— Threaten Branksome's lordly towers. Branksome 
 
 Castle was continually exposed to the attacks of the English, 
 both from its situation and the restless military disposition of 
 its inhabitants, who were seldom on good terms with their 
 neighbors. — Scxxrr. 
 
 22.— Warkworth, etc. " The Borderers on each side had tc 
 be constantly on the watch against sudden raids from the 
 other side. Buccleuch was Warden of the West Marches of 
 
Canto I, 
 
 159 
 
 Scotland. Warhnyrfh, in Nortlmmberlaiid, was tho residence 
 of Percy, Earl of Nortlmml>erlund ; Xmi-nrfh, in Cuml)6rland, 
 of Lord William Howard ; CarfUe, of Lord Scroop— Wardens 
 of tho English Marches. The n.>blemen mentioned were not 
 all Wardens at the date of the story, but the poet, of course, 
 did not hold himself bound to exact historical accuracy in such 
 details. These three were not the only English fortresses from 
 which inroads were to be feared. There was a regular chain 
 of fortresses from Berwick to Carlisle, Norham, Wark, Etal, 
 Ford, Comhill, Twizell, Askerton, Hexham."— Minto. 
 
 Pasr© 17, 4.-H0W Lord Walter fell. The. Lay gives 
 an account of an imaginary episode of the old feud between the 
 Scotts and the Kcrrs, and Scott explains the origin of this 
 ancient quarrel between the families as follows :— " Sir Walter 
 Scott of Buccleuch succeeded to his grandfather. Sir David, in 
 1492. He was a brave and powerful baron, and Warden of the 
 West Marches of Scotland. His death was the consequence of 
 a feud betwixt the Scotts and Kerrs, the history of which 
 is necessary to explain repeated allusions in the romance. 
 
 "In tho year 1526, in the words of Pitscottie, ' the Earl of 
 Angus, and the rest of the Douglasses, ruled all which they 
 liked, and no man durst say the contrary ; wherefore tho King 
 (.lames V., then a minor; was heavily displeased, and would 
 fain have been out of their hands, if he might by any way : And 
 to that effect, wrote a quiet and secret letter with hi«ownhand| 
 and sent it to the Laird of Buccleuch, beseeching him that 
 he would come with his kin and friends, and all the force that 
 he might be, and meet him at Melross, at his liome-passing, 
 and there to take him out of the Douglasses hands, and to put 
 him to liberty, to use himself among the lave {rnnf) of his lords, 
 as he thinks expedient. 
 
 " • This letter was quietly directed, and sent by one of the 
 King's own secret servants, which was received very thankfully 
 by the Laird of Buccleuch, who was very glad tliereof, to be 
 put to such charges and familiarity with his prince, and did 
 great diligence to perform the King's writing, and to bring 
 the matter to pass as the King desired : And, to that effect, 
 convened all his kin and friends, and all that would do for him. 
 to ride with him to Melross, when ho kin'w of the King's home- 
 coming. And so he brought with him six hundred spears, of 
 
160 
 
 Notes. 
 
 LiddeadalG, and Annandale, and countrymen, and clans there- 
 about, and hold themselves quiet while that the King returned 
 out of Jedburgh, and came to Melross, to remain there all that 
 night. 
 
 " 'But when the Lord Hume, Ce9sf(M)rd, and Ferny hirst (the 
 chiefs of the clan of Kerr), took their leave of the King, and 
 returned home, then appeared the Lord of Buooleuoh in sight, 
 and his company with him, in an arrayed battle, intending to 
 have fulfilled the King's petition, and therefore came stoutly 
 forward on the back side of Haliden hill. By that the Earl of 
 Angus, with George Douglas, his brother, and sundry other of 
 his friends, seeing this army coming, they marvelled what the 
 matter meant; while at the last they knew the Laird of Buc- 
 cleuch, with a certain company of the thieves of Annandale. 
 With him they were less affeared, and made them manfully to 
 the field contrary them, and said to the King in this manner, 
 '• Sir, yon is Buccleuch, and thieves of Annandale with him, to 
 unbesetyour Grace at the gate " (.".c. interrupt your passage). 
 " I vow to God thoy shall either fight or flee ; and ye shall tarry 
 here on this know, and my brother George with you, with any 
 other company you please; and I shall pass, and put yon 
 thieves off the ground, and rid the gate unto your grace, or else 
 die for it." The King tarried still, as was devised; and George 
 Douglas with him, and sundry other lords, such as the Earl of 
 Lennox, and the Lord Erskine, and some of the King's own 
 servants ; but all the lave {rent) past with the Earl of Angus to 
 the field against the Laird of Buccleuch, who joyned and 
 countered cruelly both the said parties in the field of Darne- 
 linver, either against other, with uncertain victory. But at 
 the last, the Lord Hume, hearing word of that matter how it 
 stood, returned again to tlie King in all possible haste, with 
 him the Lairds of Cossfoord and Fernyhirst, to the number of 
 fourscore spears, and sat freshly on the lap and wing of the 
 Laird of Buccleuch 's field, and shortly bare them backward 
 to the ground ; which caused the Laird of Buccleuch, and the 
 rest of his friends, io go back and flee, whom they followed and 
 chased ; and especially the Lairds of Cessfoord and Fernyhirst 
 followed f uriouslie, till at the foot of a path tlie Laird of Cess- 
 foord was slain by the stroke of a spear by an Elliot, who was 
 then servant to the Laird of Buccleuch. But when the Laird 
 of Cessfoord was slain, the chase ceased. The Earl of Angus 
 
Canto I. 
 
 161 
 
 returned again with groat merrinosts and victory, and thanked 
 fSod tliat ho savod him from that chance, and passed with 
 the King to Molmss, where they remained all that night. 
 On the morn they past to Rlinlturgh with the King, who 
 was vi-ry sad and dolorous of the slaughter of the Laird of 
 Cessfourd, and many other gentlemen and yeomen slain hy the 
 Laird of Rucclouch, containing the numlnir of fourscore and 
 fifteen, wliich died in defence of the King, and at the command 
 of his writing.' 
 
 " fn consequence of tlio liattle of Melrose, there ensued a 
 deadly feud betwixt the names of Scott and Kerr, which, in 
 spite of all means used to hring iihout an agreement, raged for 
 many years ui)on the Borders. Buccleuch was imprisoned, and 
 his estates forfeited, in the year 1535, for levying war against 
 the Kerrs, and- restored by act of Parliament, dated 15th March, 
 1542, during the regency of Mary of Lorraine. But the most 
 signal act of viohuico, to which this quarrel gave rise, was the 
 munler of Sir Walt<ir himself, who was slain by tlie Kerrs in 
 the streets of Edinburgh in 1552. This is the event alluded 
 to on page 17 ; and the poem is sui)posud to open sh«irtly 
 after it had taken place. 
 
 " The feud between these two families was not reroncilcd in 
 1596, when both chieftains paraded the sticets of F^linburgh 
 with their followiMs, and it was expected their first meeting 
 would decide tiioir(iuarrel. But, on July 11th of the same year, 
 Colvil, in a letter to Mr. Bacon, informs him, * that there was 
 great trouble upon the Borders, which would continue till order 
 should be taken by the Queen of Kngland and the King, by rea- 
 son of the two young Scots chieftains, Cesford and Baclugh, and 
 of the present necessity and scarcity of corn amongst the Scots 
 Borderers and riders. That tliere ha 1 been a private <iuarrel 
 betwixt those two lairds on the Borders, which was like to have 
 turned to blood; but the fear of the general trouble had 
 reconciled them, and tlie injuries which they thought to have 
 committed against each other were now transferred upon En"'- 
 land : not unlike that emulation in France between the Baron de 
 Biron and Mons. Jeverie, who, being both ambitious of honor, 
 undertook more hazardous enterprises against the enemy than 
 thoy would liave done if they had been at concord together." 
 The place of conflict is still called Skinner's Field, from a 
 corruption of Skirmish Field. 
 11 
 
 I 
 
162 
 
 No' 
 
 I'KM. 
 
 7.— Dunedln. The hill fortrosn „f King FAwyn, who«e 
 kingdom of Northumbria reached to the shoreg of the Forth. 
 The Keltic dun, a hill, is heard in many names, e.,,., Dundee, 
 Dunkirk. The Saxon fmryh, a fort, tower or towii, gives the 
 modem name Edinburgh. Poetry delights in old euphonious 
 names. The cut on p. 17 rcprestrnts Edinburgh us it wos in 
 1716. 
 
 8.— Falchions. Curved swords; I^t. />t/cio, from ftitx, a 
 scythe or sickle. 
 
 9.— Slogan. The war-cry of a Bonier clan, gonorally the 
 name of some rallying-place, of some chiuf, or patron suiat 
 (See p. 88, 1. 29, " A home ! A home ! ") 
 
 12.— death-feud. War to the knife, which can only end with 
 the death of those who take part. 
 
 13.— lore, learning. The aid of learned pneats must be in- 
 yoked. 
 
 16.— In mutual pllgPlmage. "in 1529, three years after 
 the battle of Melrose, the chiefs of the clans of Scott and Kerr, 
 at the King's special command, bound themselves over to keep 
 the peace in a solemn ' bond of alliance or feud-stanching.' 
 This curious document is printed in the Border MinMrdHy. 
 The five subscribers on each side, Walter Scott of Branxholm 
 at the head of one party, and Walter Ker of Cessford of the 
 other . . . agree to refer all outstanding disputes between 
 them to the judgment of six chosen arbiters. They promise to 
 be good friends in future, promising ' by the faith and truth 
 of their bodies' to support one another in all quarrels. 
 The chief of each party is to say masses for those that f o 1 
 on the other side in the field of Molrose, at tlie four head 
 pilgrimages of Scotland, namely, Scono, Dundee, Paisley, and 
 Melrose."— Minto. 
 
 *' But either this indenture never took ofFect, or else the feud 
 was renewed shortly after." — Scott. 
 
 One of the articles is that " Walter Scott of Branxholm shall 
 marry his son and heir upon one of the said Walter Kerr his 
 sisters." Scott might very properly have introduced into 7'/ie 
 Lay this proposal to stanch the feud by marriage. 
 
 Pagre 18, 1.— the pule of Carp. "The family of Ker, 
 Kerr, or Carr, was very powerful on the Border. Fynes 
 
Canto I. 
 
 103 
 
 Momson remarks, in his Travolg, th»t their influence ex- 
 tendod fn.rn the village <.f Preston-Grai.go in Lothian, to the 
 limits of Kugland. Cewford Castle, the ancient haronial resi- 
 dence of the family, is situated near the village of Morehattle, 
 within two or three miles of the Cheviot Hills. It has lieen a 
 place of great strength and consequonct;, but is now ruinous. 
 Tradition affirms, that it was founded by Halbert, or Habby 
 Kerr, a gigantic warrior, concerning whom many stories are 
 current in Roxburghshire. 1 he Duko of Roxburghe represents 
 Kerr of Cessford. A distinct and powerful branch of the same 
 name own the Maniuis of I^thian as their chief. Hence the 
 distinction betwixt Kerrs of Cessford and Fairnihirst."— Scott. 
 7. -warlike forestors. Ettrick forest was a large tract 
 mostly hold by the Scotts. See map for Ettrick-Water and 
 Tweed. 
 
 18-19. These lines are quoted from an old ballad called 
 "Johnny Armstrong's Last (iood Night" :— 
 
 " O then lH)HiK»ke his little son. 
 Ah lie sat oti his nurse's knee. 
 ' If ever 1 live to be u nmn 
 My father's death revonjceil hIihII he." 
 
 33.-The battle of Melro.se, 1526, Sir Walter slain by the 
 Kerrs at I-ldinburgh, 1552-an interval of '20 years, which 
 makes " her lover " rather elderly. But we must not hold the 
 Minstrel too close to actual history. 
 
 Page 19. t.— The Cranstouns are an ancient B.)rder 
 family, whose chief seat was at Crailing, in Teviotdale. 
 They were at this time at feud with tlie clan of Scott, for 
 It appears that the [.ady of Buccleuch in 1.557 beset the Laird 
 of Cranstoun, seeking his life. Nevertheless, the same 
 Cranstoun, or perhaps his son, was married to a daughter 
 of the same lady. — Sct)TT. 
 
 7.— clerk. Scholar ; or one as learned as the r/, ryy ( Latin 
 
 clericun). 
 
 8.— Bethune's line of Picardie. "The Bethunes wore of 
 
 French origin, and derived their name from a sn»all town in 
 Artois. There were several distinguished families of the 
 Bethunes in the neighboring province oi Picardy ; they num- 
 bered among their descendants the celebrated Due de Sully; 
 
164 
 
 N0TE8. 
 
 and the name was accounted among the most nnble in 
 France, while aught nuble remained in that country. The 
 family of Bethnne, or Beatoun, in Fife, produced three learned 
 and dignified prelates ; namely. Cardinal Beaton and two suc- 
 cessive Archbishops of Glasgow, all of whom flourished a»>out 
 the date of the romance. Of this family was descended Dame 
 Janet Beaton, Lady Bucoleuch, widow of Sir Walter Scott of 
 Branksome. She was a woman of masculine spirit, as ap- 
 peared from her riding at the head of her son's clan, after her 
 husband's murder. She also possessed the hereditary abilities 
 of her family in such a degree that the superstition of the 
 Tulgar imputed them to lupematural knowledge. With this 
 was mingled, by faction, the foul accusation of her having in- 
 fluenced Queen Mary to the murder of her husband. One of 
 the placards, preserved in Buchanan's Vehvtion, accuses of 
 Damley's murder • the Erie of Bothwell, Mr. James Balfour, 
 the persoun of Fliske, Mr. David Chalmers, black Mr. John 
 Spens, who was principal deviser of the murder; and tho 
 Queue, assenting thairto, throw the persuasion of the Erie 
 Bothwell, and the tntchcra/t of Lady Buckltmh: "— Sc<itt. 
 
 10.— Padua. '• Padua was long supposed, by the Scottish 
 peasants, to be the principal school of necromancy. The Earl 
 of Gowrie, slain at Perth in 1800, pretended, during his studies 
 in Italy, to have acquired some knowledge of the ca))ala, by 
 which, he said, he could charm snakes and work other mira- 
 cles."— Scott. 
 
 14.— Saint Andrew's cloistered hall. The University of 
 St. Andrew's, the oldest in Scotland. The cut on pa^e 19 is from 
 a photograph of the ruins. The cloister was a covered walk 
 running round a court and open to a garden. The arches of 
 its roof were supported on the outside by pillars. See olan of 
 Melrose Abbey, p. 32. 
 
 Pagre 20, 1.— no darkening shadow. The shadow 
 
 of a necromancer is independent of the sun. Glycas informs 
 us that Simon Magus caused his shadow to go before him, 
 making people believe it was an attendant spirit.— Hey- 
 wood's JIierarchi€f p. 476. The vulgar conceive that when a 
 class of students have made a certain progress in tlieir mystic 
 studies they are obliged to run through a subterranean hall, 
 where the devil literally catches the hindmost in the race, 
 
Canto I. 
 
 166 
 
 
 
 luilosH ho criMteN tlio hall no ■pewiily that the arch-enoroy could 
 only ai-prehuuil hin ithuduw. lu th« Utter oaae, the person of 
 tho «(v^'e novor after tlirows ony shade; and those who have 
 /cwrf f/uirnhitiloii' always |)rove the Ix jt magioians. 
 
 O.-The viewless forms of alp. "The Scottish vulgar, 
 without hoving any very defined notion of their attributes, 
 believe in tlie existonco of an intermediate class uf spirits, 
 residing in tho air or in the waters; to whose agency they 
 ancribo floods, storms, and all such phenomena as their own 
 pliilo8«)phy cannot readily explain. They are supposed to in- 
 torforo in tho afTaira of mortals, sometimes with a malevolent 
 purpo?«e, and sometimes with milder views. It i« said, for 
 example, that a gallant baron, liaving returned from the Holy 
 Land to his castle of DrummeUiar, found his fair lody nursing 
 a healthy child, whose birth did not by any means correspond 
 to tho date of his departure. Such an occurrence, to the credit 
 of the dames of tho Crusadt'rs bo it spoken, was so raro that it 
 re<iuired a miraculous solution. The lady, therefore, was 
 iHslievcd, when she averred confidently that tho Spirit of the 
 Tweed ha<l issued from tho river while she was walking upon 
 its bank, and com|)eIled her to submit to his embraces: and 
 the nauio of Tweedie was bestowed upon the child, who after- 
 wards iHJcanio Baron of Drummclziar and chief of a powerful 
 clan. To those spirits wore also ascri»)eil, in Scotland, tho 
 
 'airy tongues, that syllublr men's namcH, 
 On sands, and shores, and desert wildcrnosHos.' 
 
 " When tlio workmen were engaged in erecting the ancient 
 cliurch of Old Deer, in Aberdeenshire, upon a small hill called 
 Bissau, they were surprised to find that the work was impeded 
 by supernatural obstacles. At length, the Spirit of the Biver 
 was lieard to say, 
 
 * It is not here. It is not here. 
 That yc sliall build tiio church of Door; 
 But on Taptillery, 
 Where many a corpse shall h'e.' 
 
 The site of the edifice was accordingly transferred to Taptillery, 
 an eminence at some distance from the place where tho build- 
 ing had been commencc<l."— Macfarlank's MSS. 
 
 " I mention these popular fables, because the introduction of 
 the Biver and Mountain Spirits may not, at first sight, seem to 
 
 I 
 
166 
 
 NoTKB. 
 
 aooord with tho ffuDoral f.m. of tho romanco, an<i tlio HU|H,r- 
 ■titioiis of tho country whero tho iicono it lal.l. '-8«i*tt. 
 
 Tho spiritH nioiitionod in Bonlor hallaiU uro (I) olvos or 
 fairie. nuoh as arc d.HcriWI on p. 21, lines (l-ll ; (j) wraith* 
 who dwelt in air or water an.i pr.Hlueod storms nnd Hoods; (H) 
 evil spirits liko tho Goblin Page dencrilKjil ut p. M. 
 
 8.-Lord David. "Branksomo Castle wan enlarged and 
 strengthenwl hy Sir liavid Scott, the jfrandH.,n of Sir Willian. 
 its first iK)8808sor. Tho Ladye sits in the we^t^.m tow.r, when- 
 Bho could look uj. the Teviot to the fell, whero tho imx)uliean.H 
 play."— Scott. 
 
 12.-Scaur. Tho haro side of a rock or clifT; Scand. 4>^r 
 properly applied, isolate.! r..cks in th.. Hoa, her., a precipito... 
 bank U-side tho river. Compare shear, short, share, skirt, 
 shire, shore, shcser, score, shred, etc. 
 
 19.— Ban-dogs, i,-., dojjs fastened up with a band, chuine.1 
 up. I'sually a mastiff. 
 
 Tho Muestions in 11-16 are echoed in these lines, which 
 doscnbo the disquiet of man nnd boast. The susponso U 
 emphasized and we aro prepared to hear the explanation that 
 follows on the next page. The interrogations contui.. a st.ggos- 
 tion of ChnMfaM, from which Scott recoive<l many hintn. 
 " Ih it tho witHl Unit iiiainctli hl.iik 1 
 There Is not wiml <-iMMitfli in the air 
 To move away the rintfU-t «nil 
 From llic lovely lady's ••lu'ck."-ll. 4|.h. 
 82.— Fell. Hill, moor; Scan.!.///. 
 
 ..,**?^'^ ?^'' 4 -Craik-eross to SkelfhiU-pen. Those are 
 
 the high hills on tho upper part of the Teviot between which 
 tho river flows. A«, Keltic, a hill. Compare ^y..M-«ino, Pen- 
 nme, litii Lomond, otc. 
 
 5.-Morrls-paeIng. Bustic dancing. Pacing their morris 
 -dancing their dance, cgnato accusative. Tho name is said 
 to come from tho Spanish 7«or/Vo, a danco borrowed or imitated 
 from the Moors, who at one time ruled a large part of Spain 
 A moonlight night was the favorite time for the morris-daoce. 
 8. -Emerald rings. Fairy rings of brighter green than the 
 surrounding verdure, supposed to bo made by the feet of the 
 fames as they circled, hand in hand, in their merry .lance. In 
 reality these rings are produced by the growth of different 
 
Ca.-nto I. 
 
 hi! 
 
 H|H«rli«H of tho fungus, ii'ffiriiHM. Ah th«y »»xliaUHt t)io noil by ouu 
 yt'ui'H growth, tlu-ir myci-iiutii puhIh ■* into thu riclior p«irti.mrt 
 untuud, and thiu* thoy ttxUml tho circle of their growth. 
 Thoir dooay furiii*la m & nmuunt f»>r the uuxtynar'n gruna, which 
 thus asfluiiiiiB a durkor gruuu and grow* mora duurtuly. 
 
 9.— Trip It deft. Dum-u noatly, olov«'rly, doxtoroutly. A 
 fiuo liquid allit.itttion runn tlirough thix puHsuj;. . .luo to tho 
 accumulation of 1, m, u, r. Tho olToot hunnoniz.jrt with tho 
 iiicuuing vury well. 
 
 18. - polluted by tho ttiars* which iin'r with tli<> ■tituni. Tho 
 pollution is tho result of tho mixing, an<l tlum wo huvo au 
 uxamplo of tho jmt/fjdir tpifhel. 
 
 20.— Arthur's wain. Tho constellation of tho tin ut H,i.u. 
 AtrliiniM^ of which Arthur ig morely a corruptiou, is iho chief 
 star in the constellation next to the IWmt M,tj.„-. Tho 
 
 diagrams annexed will explain the situation of these stars ami 
 onalde tho student to identify them near tho pole star. Pro- 
 nounce 0-ri'on. 
 
 25.— planet. A member of tho solar system. In the teach- 
 Jug of astrology these planets were supposed to exorciae mor? 
 power over liumun destinies than was i)os3os3od by other stars. 
 
 27.— influence. The power or energy that was supposed by 
 tlio ancient astrologers to fl(»r h:!n men from the stars, and to 
 mould their lives according to "their high decree." 
 
 29.—" This line gives the mutln, the koy-note, to the poem. 
 There is to be no happiness, no good fortune, for those who 
 dwell in Branksoirio tower, till tho mother suImIuos her prido 
 and sanctions the love of her daughter for the hereditary enemy 
 
 il 
 
168 
 
 NOTHS. 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 of hor house : aud tl.o poem shows how this was destined to 
 come abiiut." — Stimkt. 
 
 " This may be taken as the motto of The Lu,/. Notice how 
 the plot advances. The Ludye's resolution is too fixed to be 
 broken by the threat of the Spirits : but this threat naturally 
 leads her to feel there is a crisis in the history of her house 
 coming; hence she sends to ask aid of the groat magician of 
 the family. This leads to the combat of Deloraine and Crans- 
 toun, without which Cranstoun could not have acted his part 
 in the 5th Canto "—Phim.i-otts. 
 
 Pagre 22, 14.— Moss-trooper. ''This was the usual ap- 
 pellation of the marauders upon the Borders; a profession 
 diligently pursued by the inhabitants on both sides, and by 
 none more actively aur' successfully than by Buccleuch's clan 
 Long after the union of the crowns, tlie moss-troopers 
 although sunk in reputation, and no longer enjoying the 
 pretext of national h<.stility, continued to pursue their calling. 
 
 " Fuller includes, among the wonders of Cumberland, 'The 
 moss-troopers : so strange in tlie condition of their livin- if 
 considered in their On>j{na/, lunra-se, IleMjht, Decay, and Jilli^. 
 
 " '1. Orlfjiml. I conceive tliem the same called Borderers in 
 Mr. Camdon, and characterized by him tobe « uHldaiul ,mr/ikc 
 
Canio 1. 
 
 169 
 
 ;>»//.. They are callr.l „,„..<.,,.,„,. ...^ U-ain^,. .hvellin-- in th„ 
 mosses, and riding in tr..„,,.s t.,g..t}..r. Tlu-y dw-H^in the 
 bounds, or meeting, ..f the two kingdou.s. but obey the law. of 
 neither. They come to ( hurch as seldom as the 29th of Feb- 
 ruary comes into the kalendar. 
 
 " ' 2. /».rm... When England an.l Scotland were united in 
 Great Britain, they that formerly lived by hostile inc.rsion. 
 betook themselves to tho robbing of th.-ir neighbors. Their 
 sons are free of the trade by their fathers' copy. They are like 
 to J«,b, not in piety and patic-nce, but in sud.len plenty un.l 
 IK^verty; sometimes having flocks and her.ls in tho mornin.- 
 none at night, and perchance many again next day. They ma°v' 
 give for their motto, r!rit„r ...• mi^o, stealing from their h<,nest 
 neighbors what they sometimes re,,uire. They are a nest of 
 hornets; strike one, and stir uU of them nbout your ears. 
 Indeed, if they pron.ise saf.dy to comlnct a travdler. they will 
 perform it with the fidelity of a Turkish janizary; otherwise, 
 woe be to him that falleth int.j th.'ir quarters ! 
 
 '"3. ir.!<,ht. Amounting, fortyycars since, to some thousands. 
 These compelled tho vicinage to pun-haso their secnritv, by 
 paying a constantrent to them. When in their greatest hei-ht 
 ■ '••»• "l^""^'"'''''* ""«"^''''^-"'" '-""•■^ ofth, L,n„l, and tho l.nl 
 I) ,n,am Houard o/X>nr„rfh. JIo sent many of them to t.'arlisle 
 to that place where the oHieer ,/o/A „/.■„,,, /,;. ,rnrk l», ,h,„r„,hi 
 Yet these moss-ti-oopers, if po.sibly th.^y could procure "the 
 pardon for a cond.nnntMi person (-f their c.mpany, would 
 advun.e great sums out of their eonnnon stock, who, in su.h a 
 case, caxl in th, o- lot.s „„„>„,, st fl,r,ns,lr,<, nn,l all l,„rr <„,. ,.ii,s. . 
 
 " ' 4. Dicay. Caused by the wisdom, valor, an.l diligence of 
 tho Eight Honorable Charles Lord Howard, Karl of (^'lrlis^. 
 who routed these English Tori.'s with his r.-ginn-nt. His 
 seventy unto them will n.,t only be excuse.l. but commended 
 by tho judicious, who consider how our great lawyer doth' 
 describe such persons, who are soh-mnly outlawed (Rracton. 
 hb. viii. trac. 2, cap. .1 : "/;.,• f,n„- ,,. nn,t c;,n,t hn,hnn„, ifn 
 <l»o,l s„,e j,„l!n„i; ;n,,„;s!t;,„n rlt, ,., nnuf, .fs.,->nn .,nn,i j.nluUnn 
 ix>rt,i,l ; tt imrito tiiiin /,;/,'. /»,;„„/, ipn s.. ■,>„,/„,„ l.,i<„i nnn 
 m«.«;r//»^"-" Tlien.-eforward (alter that they .-.re. outlawed) 
 they wear a wolf's head, so that they huv fully may bo de- 
 stroyed, without any judicial inquisition, as who carry their 
 
 i 'I., 
 
170 
 
 Notes. 
 
 own condemnation about them, and deservedly die without 
 law. because they refused to live according to law," 
 
 •"5. Hiiine. Such was the success of this worthy lord's severity 
 that he made a thorough reformation among them ; and the 
 ringleaders being destroyed, the rest are reduced to legal 
 obedience, and so, I trust, will continue.' (Puller's WwthitH of 
 Ewjland, p. 216.) 
 
 "The last public mention of moss-troopers occurs during 
 the civil wars of the 17th century, when many ordinances of 
 Parliament were directed against them."— Scott. 
 
 17.— Foray. " A predatory inroad."— Scott. 
 
 24.—" This lino, of which the metre appears defective, would 
 have its full complement of feet according to this prorunciation 
 of the poet himself— as all who were familiar with his utter- 
 ance of the letter r will bear testimony."- Lockhakt. 
 
 Pronounce Unicorn as if U-ni-c6-run. 
 
 25.— The arms of the Kerrs of Cessford bore three unicorns' 
 heads, with a unicorn's head for the crest. Those of tlio Scotts 
 of Buccleuch included a star of six points between two crescents. 
 
 81.— William of Deloraine. " The lands of Deloraine arc 
 joined to those of Luccleuch in Ettrick Forest. They were im- 
 memorially possessed by the Buccleuch family, under the strong 
 title of occupancy, although no charter was obtained from the 
 crown until 1545. Like other possessions, the lands of Deloraine 
 were occasionally granted by them to vassals or kinsmen for 
 Bonier service. Satchells mentions, among the twenty-four 
 gentlemen-pensioners of the family, 'William Scott, com- 
 monly called Cut-at-the-mark, who had the lands of Nether 
 Deloraine, for his service.' And again, 'This William of 
 Deloraine, commonly called Cat-at-the-Iilavk, was a brotlier of 
 the ancient house of Haining, which house of Haining is 
 descended from the ancient house of Hassendean.' The lands 
 of Deloraine now give an earl's title to the descendant of 
 Henry, tlie second surviving son of the Duchess of Buccleuch 
 and Monmouth. I have endeavored to give William of Delor- 
 aine the attributes which characterized the Borderers of his day; 
 for which I can only plead Froissart's apology, that, ' it be- 
 hoveth, in a lynage, some to be folyshe and outrageous, to 
 maynteyne and sustayno the peasable.' As a contrast to my 
 Marchman, I beg leave to transcribe, from the same author 
 
Canto I. 
 
 171 
 
 the speech of A„.ergot Marcell, a captain of the A.iventurous 
 
 Cu„.pau.ons,aroblK.r,andapillagerofthoc«untry.,fAuv.rgno, 
 who had been bribed tu sell his strongholds, and to asstu.Te a 
 more honorable n.ilitury life under the banners of the Earl of 
 Anuagnac But 'when ho rememWed alle this, he was 
 s..rrowful ; his tresour ho thought he woldo not mynysshe • he 
 was wonte day ly to serche for newe pyllages, wherbyo encresed 
 his profyte, and then ho sawe that alle was closed fro hym. 
 Ihen he sayde and iniagyned, that to pyll and to robbe (all 
 thy ngo considered) was a good lyfe, and so n-pented hy n, of his 
 gooddomjj. Onatyme,ho3aidtohisoldcompanyons "Sirs 
 there is no sporto nor glory in tliis worlde amongo men of 
 warro, but to use sucho lyfo as we have done in tyn.o past. 
 A^hat a joy was it to us when we rode forth at adventui-o 
 and son.etyrue found by the way a rich priour or n.er- 
 chaunt, or a route of muletfes of Mountpeilyer, of Kar- 
 .onno, of Lymens, of Fong.ns, ..f Besyers, of Tholous, or of 
 Carcasonne, laden with cloth uf Brussels, or j^ltro ware 
 comynge fro the fayres, or laden with spycery fro,,. Bruges, fro 
 Da„.as,orfro Alysuuudre; wluitsoever we met, all was o,irs 
 or els rausoumed at our pleasures; dayly wo gate now mouey; 
 and thevy layues of Auvergne and of I-y u.osyn dayly provydod 
 uud brought to our castell whete ,..uh, good wynos. beffos, aud 
 latte mottons, pullayne, and wyl.le foule : Wo were ever fur- 
 nyshed as tho we had been kings. When we rode forthe, all 
 the countrey tryu.bled for feare : all was ours goyn-- and 
 comyngo How tok we Carlast, I and tho Bourgeof f;om,:anvo, 
 aud I and Perot of Beruoys took Calus.t; how dy.l we' scale 
 with lytell ayde, the strong castell of Marquell, pertayni,.g tJ 
 he Krl Dolphyn : I kept it nat past fy ve days, but I receyvod 
 Or It, or a fey re table, fy ve thousande frankes, and forgave one 
 thousando for the love of the Erl Dolphyn's children. By mv 
 fayth this was a fayre and a good lyfe! wherefore I repute 
 myselfe sore deceyved, in that I have rendered up tho fortress of 
 Aloys ; for it woldo have kept fro alle tho worlde, and the daye 
 that I gave it up, it was fournyshed with vytaylles, to have 
 i.ecn kept seven yere without any re-vytayllinge. This Erl of 
 Armynake hath de.-oyved me. Olyve Barbe, and Perot lo 
 Bernoys, shewed to me how I shulde repento myselfe : certayne 
 I sore reponte i,.y.el(o of what I have done."' " ^F.-oissart, vol 
 11., p. 19o. ) — Scott. 
 
172 
 
 N<»TK8. 
 
 Pajfe *2tl, 2. — A passag<! frcmi Ciirndoirs y//nVfiM?»»« explains 
 why a kii()wl«.(lyo <.f the a:ifo paths t}irough moors and bogs 
 was ail important <iualiticution of "A stark moss-trooping 
 Scott." In his rtitro<] action to the Jiortl,r Mhuitrtlxy Sir 
 Waltor .lUi.tes from thit hook as foUows :— »• What manner of 
 cattle stealers tliey are, that inhabit these valleys in the 
 marclitsof both kingdc.ms, John Lesley, a Scotchman himself, 
 and bishop of Ross, will inform you. They sally out of their 
 own borders, in the night, in troops, through unfrequented bye- 
 ways, an(i many intricate^ windings, AH the day time, they 
 refresh themselves and their horses, in lurking holes tluy had 
 pitched uj.im before, till th.y arrive in the dark at those places 
 they have a design upon. As soon as they have seized upon 
 the booty, they, in like manner, return liomo in tlie night, 
 througli blind ways, and ietchiiig many a comi)a8s. The more 
 skilful any captain is to pass through those wild deserts, crooked 
 turnings, and deep pnripices, in the thickest mists and dark- 
 ness, his reputation is the greater." 
 
 4.— Bloodhounds. 'The kings and heroes of Scotland, as 
 well as the Border- riders, were sometimes obliged to study how 
 to evade the pursuit of bl.MMlhounds. Barbour informs us that 
 Robert Bruce was repeatedly tracke<l by sleuth-dogs. On one 
 occasion lie escaped by wa<ling a bow-shot down a brook, and 
 ascending into a tree by a branch which overhung the water; 
 thus, leaving no truce on land of l:is footsteps, he baflled the 
 scent, "j'he pursuers came up ; — 
 
 x 
 
 ' Ityelit to the burn llial |)as«yt ware. 
 Hot llie sli-utli-lijiid made sthitiiifft liar. 
 And waueryt laiij? tymo ta and fra, 
 That he iia certain Kiito coutli jja ; 
 Till at (lie last that John of Imtuh 
 I'crscuit the huiid the sleuth had loriie.'—7'A<; Jiriu-i; Hook vii. 
 
 " A sure way of stopping the dog was to spill blood upon the 
 track, which destroj'ed tlie discriminating fineness of his scent 
 A captive was sometimes sacrificed on such occasions. Henry 
 the Minstrel tells a romantic story of Wallace, founded on this 
 circumstanco :— The hero's little band had been joined by an 
 Irishman, named Fawdoun, or Fadzean, a dark, savage, and 
 suspieious character. After a sharp skirmish at Black-Erne 
 Side, Wallace was forced to retreat with only sixteen followers. 
 The Fnglish pursued with a Horder lilnUh-hnitch, or bloodhound. 
 
Canto T. 173 
 
 ' In riuliivrland there wan tliut liniiclu-l Iii-imI, 
 Sikor of «c«!iit, to follow 1 Ikmii t luit tUil ; 
 So was lui iisvd in Ksko and Liddtsiliiil. 
 While (i. e. till) she jfivt IiUmxI no tlooinj,' niiKht avail." 
 
 •' In tho rotn-at, Pawdoun, tirod, (.r alTfctinj,' t<. 1h. s.., would 
 go no further. Wallaoo, having in vain ar-jiio<l with him, in 
 hasty auger struck off liis head, and continued the n^tieat. 
 When the English came up their hound stayed upon tliu dead 
 hofly : — 
 
 'Thoslfiith stopped at Kawdoii. still she >.t<Mid. 
 Nor farther would fra t inie she fund I he l)loo<l." 
 
 "Ihe story concludes with a fine (Jothic scene (.f tern.r. 
 Wallace took refuge in the solitaiy tower of Ciask. Hero ho 
 was disturbed at midnight l.y the hlast of a horn. Tfe sent out 
 his attendants hy two and two, hut no one returne.l with 
 tidings. At length, when ho was left alone, tlio sound was 
 heard still hjuder. The champion descended, sword in liand; 
 and, at the g.ato of the tower, was encountered by the ht>adloss 
 spectre of Fawdoun, whom ho had slain so rashly. Wallace, 
 in great terror, fled up into the tower, tore open the boards of a 
 window, leapt down fifteen feet in height, and continued liis 
 flight up the river. Looking back to (iask, ho discovered the 
 tower on fire, and the form of Fawdoun upon the battlements, 
 dilated to an immense size, and holding in liis hand a blazing 
 rafter." — S<ott. 
 
 7. — tide has the same meaning as tlim . Emphatic repetition, 
 as in "Time and tide wait for no man." (iemu'ally //</f: de- 
 notes a special season, as eventide, yuletide, etc. 
 
 8' — July. Notice the accent. Scotticism. 
 
 10. — matin prime. Early morning. Lat. M)ttiii,i, the god- 
 dess of dawn. 
 
 1^' — The Scottish Borderers were often as obnoxious to the 
 government of their own country as to tliat of England. .Fames 
 V. of Scotland had proceeded against them with great severity 
 about twenty-five years before the time of this tale. 
 
 The sovereigns meant were Edward VI. and Mary Queen of 
 Scotts 
 
 i5.— Good at need. The jurmnwut (iiiihit, Common in 
 Homer. Compare "azure-eyed" .Minerva, " white-armed" 
 .Tuno, "swift-footed" Achillea. 
 
174 
 
 NoTKS. 
 
 if 
 
 If' 
 
 if' 
 
 25.-MichaelmaH, F?ept. 29; tin, A^ast of St. Mirhaol an.I All 
 Angola. 
 
 21-84. -Note tho monosyllabic language, the strong accent 
 on every alternate ayllahle. The result is a certain air of im- 
 presaive solemnity that accords well with the n.ystery of the 
 niidnight errand. The reply of Deloraine immediately follow- 
 ing iorms a perfect contrast of rhythm and movement. The 
 ■anapestic feet here, as often, suggest the hoof-beats of a 
 galloping horse, l^he dactyl is often used with a similar effect. 
 Compare Tennyson's Northern Farmer (new style) :— 
 
 "Doo8n't thou -ear my 'crso's legs, as they canters awadyl 
 Proputty. proputty. proputty-that'H what I 'carH Vn, s^'tty. 
 
 Proputty. proputty. i.roputty-t«„tor an' ««nter awatty." 
 
 88.-Ioni. Lost; old participle of lose, /or.„. Example of 
 Verner s Law-r substituted for ... Compare forlorn, fror., 
 Cfrozen). xron (A.S. wen), are (root <w), v^re (root «w). 
 
 Page 24, l.-dapple-grray. Dapple is a spot on an 
 animal Icelandic ^lepill, a spot, a dot; Norwegian .%«, a 
 pool. Compare deep, dimple, dingle. 
 
 8. -neck-verse at Hairibee. '«//«m7.« was the place of 
 
 executing the Border marauders at Carlisle. The «.r^,v,we is 
 the beginning of the 51st P.alm, Miserere mei, anciently read 
 by criminals claimin- the benefit of tho clergy. "-Srorr 
 
 " The clergy originally obtained freedom from secular juris- 
 diction on the strength of the text, ' Touch not mine anointed, 
 and do my prophets no harm.' In process of time this benefij 
 of clergy was claimed for everybody that could road, all such 
 persons being handed ovor to be dealt with by ecclesiastical 
 authority. If not handed over to tho church, the convicted 
 criminal was burnt in tho brawn of his loft thumb, and not 
 allowed the privilege a second time. The last remains of the 
 privilege were not abolished till tho reign of Geor-e IV " 
 
 — MiNTO. ° 
 
 The passage therefore means, " I could not read a line oven 
 to save my neck from tho rope." 
 
 lO.-the Steep descent. Minto says:-" The entrance to 
 a feudal castle from the grated portal inwards was generally 
 steep, and paved with smooth pebbles, making the footing 
 
Canto I. 
 
 175 
 
 nncertnin. The first part <,f Doloraine'a rido was not the least 
 difficult"— Mi.NTo. 
 
 sounding barbican. Scott ex- 
 plains that the barbican is •' the 
 defence of the outer gate of a feudal 
 castle.'' On the epithet HonwUtuj Min- 
 to remarks :—'« Scott probably took 
 his idea of a barbican from Alnwick 
 Castle, where there is a very fine 
 gate and barbican of the Kdwardian 
 period (see Clark's Mcdiwral Military 
 Architecture, vol. i., p. 180). The 
 barbican is 65 feet long, strong ma- 
 sonry protecting a passage to the gate about 10 feet broad. 
 The outer part of the passage is vaulted to the length of about 
 20 feet, the rest open to the sky. This explains the soundiny. 
 The real Branksome Tower in all likelihood had no such 
 magnificent adjunct. It is what Scott would have called a 
 'poetical ornament.'" 
 
 The barbican was originally an opening in the wall to let 
 water run through ; then a loopholtd outwork defendin- a 
 gateway ; a tower over the gateway of a castle, defending the 
 entrance to a castle or city, a sort of watch-tower, projecting 
 before or rising above the gate. Alnwick in Scotland and 
 Warwick in England have very good specimens. 
 
 14.— basnet. A light steel helmet in the form of a small 
 basiu and different from the helmet use.l in tilting, which had 
 a high plume. Dim, of basin, Fr. bacimt, iM^nntt, from /wm, 
 ItOMsin, or bamn. 
 
 Page 25, 1.— Peel. '-A Border tower. "—S<'ott. Seethe 
 cut on page 64, which is from a photograph of Watt Tinlinn'^ 
 ;W or tower. The ground floor was used as a store-room, into 
 which the cattle and sheep could be driven through a stron'' 
 door and a strong gate. In the two upper stories dwelt the 
 family, and through the windows or loopholes they defended 
 themselves against raiders in case of attack. (See page 03, lines 
 25-30.) Some peels had a yard enclosed by a high wall, into 
 which the flocks and herds were driven at night to protect 
 them from the moss-troopers. (See page (1.*^, lines 13- KJ.) On 
 
176 
 
 Notes. 
 
 tho riKjf .)f tho peel was an iron pan to hold the btt/r, or boaoon- 
 fagot. (Sto |)aj;e 57, linos liJ-l |.) 
 
 Minto remarks:—'* Tb.se simple square towers are charac- 
 torlstioof the Scottish Border. Borthwick Towerin Midlothian 
 is the finest specimen. Tlioy dejiended for their powers of 
 resistance on passive strength. The walls were so thick that 
 very little damage could be dune to them by parties of forayers, 
 even if they were captured by surprise. By a Scottish statute 
 of 1585 it was enacted that evory barmkin wall must be at 
 lonst a yard thick, six yards high, and must enclose at least 
 sixty square feet. Tho tower was built within this outer work. 
 Another name for tho peel was • bastk-house,' Pr. /xw/i//t." 
 
 The Pool of Goldiland is still standing. 
 
 2.— Borthwick. Bortliwick Water, a small branch of the 
 Teviot. (See map, p. 8.) 
 
 3 — Moat-hill. '-This is a round artificial mount near 
 Hawick, which, from its name (.1A><, A.S. Co„n/i»m, C'o///v „/««), 
 was probably anciently used as a place for assembling a national 
 council of the adjacent tribes. There are many such 
 mounds in Scotland, and they are sometimes, but rarely, of a 
 square form."^ScoTT. 
 
 4. -Druid shades. fUiosta of the Druids. Tho suggestion 
 is that those ].i-iests of the old Britisli n-Iigion had long ago 
 performed their rites at the mound, which is still haunted by 
 their ghosts. 
 
 8. -Hazeldean. This fortress lH3longed to a family of Scotts. 
 (St-o Scott's song, Jofk o' Hdzildmti. ) 
 
 " Tho description of Deloraino and his midnight ride is ad- 
 mirable. The rough Scottish names of the places he passes are 
 so skilfully introduced, as rather to improve than inj.ire the 
 lines, while the details given al)out tho different spots are suffi- 
 ciently poetic in themselves to prevent tho reader from feeling 
 as though anything in tho shape of an antiquarian catalogue 
 were being inflicted on him."— PiiiM.roTTs. 
 
 The map on page 8 sliows tho route of Deloraine 
 
 11.— For BrankSOme, ho I The slogan or battle-cry of tho 
 Scotts was "Mount for Branksoine!" (See page 57, lino 17, 
 page 70, line 8, page 85, lino 29, for examples of rallying cries 
 tJiat were used to identify the shouter. j Deloraine could not pass 
 
Canto T. 
 
 177 
 
 IlaMl.lean wiihout l,cin- cl.all..nj,',.a and rotiirnii.g a satU- 
 factory reply. 
 
 PllHre 2«, 2. -the Roman way. "A., ancioi.t Roman 
 road, crossing through part of Rnxl.urghshir«."~.S. ott. 
 4.— breathed. Slackonetl spood to rest his horso. 
 
 5.-Drew saddle-girth, etc. Ho now ti-htoned his saddic- 
 
 girthto make his seat see uro, laced up his corsolot, and made 
 ready to moot, if necessary, the outlaw Bamliill, whose lair 
 was close hy. 
 
 7.— MlntO-cragrs. " A romantic assemblage of dilTs, which 
 rise suddenly al.ovo the vale of Toviot, in tl.o imnu-diat., 
 vicinity of the family-seat from which Lord Mint.) takes his 
 title. A small platform, on a jirojocting crag, c.Miimanding a 
 most Iwautiful prospect, is termed fiamhi//^' lied. This Barn- 
 hills is said to have been a rol.Uir, or outlaw. Th.re are 
 remains of a strong tower iKinoath the rocks, whore ho is suj- 
 posed to have dwelt, and from which ho d.-rived his title. On 
 the summit of the crags aro tlie fragments of another ancient 
 tower, m a picturesque situation. Among the houses rast 
 down by the Earl of Hertford, in 1515, occur the towers of 
 Easter Barnhills, and of Minto-crag, witli Minto t<,wn nn.l 
 place. Sir Gilbert Elliot was tho author of a beautiful pastoral 
 song, of whidi the following is a more correct copy than is 
 usually pub! isheil : — 
 
 • My shuop I iinjrlcctcd, I broke my Kh«'oi>-ho(>k. 
 And all t lio Kiiy hiiiiiits of my y,,iitli I forsiM.k : 
 -\<» iiioru for Aniynta fri'sh <,'arl.iii«ls I wom- ; 
 A.Tiihil iiiri, I said, woulil soon ciiic! me i>f 1(,\ f. 
 But wliivt had my yoiit li wil h aiiihit Idh to do ! 
 \Vliy left I AuiyiiUiI why broke I my vow ! 
 
 ' Through rejrions remote in vain do I rove. 
 And bid the wide world socnri? me from lov»'. 
 Ah. f.M.l, to imiit,'ine. that aiiyiit .(udd saMue 
 A love so well founded, a i)i».«>ion so triu- ! 
 Ah, trive me my sheep, and my sh.<[. h.w* restore ! 
 And ill wander from love ami AmynUi no more ! 
 
 ' Alas! 't is t<M) late at thy fate to repine ! 
 I 'oor shepherd. Amynu n-. more can b(! thine! 
 Thvteai-san^ail friillles-,. thy wishes are vain, 
 ■ Iteiiiotiittiis ncK'iir-, li r<;tnii imi :(«-nin- 
 Ah! what ha<l my \,.uth w ii h and)ilion todo ! 
 Why left I A niynt.i ! why broke I my vow ! ' ' s< on-. 
 
 12 
 
178 
 
 NoTM. 
 
 i 
 
 10. — giddy. TruitHforroiI epithet. 
 
 18.— doubling. Thu(<«!h«NM fruni thi« clitri* r«>|Mittt tlio »oim<l 
 of the robl)er'« horn. 
 
 16.— Tho •• Doric roed" ■ignifios j)a«toral poitry ; the luuHic )1 
 in»truiiiontor pip© used 1»y shophonla heins made fn.tn a rood, 
 and a iJU>dification of tho Doric dialect having boou awod by 
 Theocritus, tho founder of flrook i)ri«toral poetry. 
 
 1^«— Unchallenjfed, because tlie robber was n«it at homo, <-r 
 at least did not appear. 
 
 20.— Riddel's falP domain. " The family of Riddel have 
 been very long in iwssossion of tiio barony calle«l Ridilel, or 
 Ryedale, part of which still Iwars the latter name. Tradition 
 carries their antiquity to a point extreinoly reiu.ite; and in, in 
 s«)me degree, sanctioned by the discovery of two st-ono coffins, 
 one containing an earthen pot filled wiih ashes and arms, 
 bearing a legible date, A. U. 727 ; the otherdated 0*5 and filled 
 with tho bones of a man of gigantic sue. Tliese c<jfflns were 
 discovered in the foundations of what was, but has long ceased 
 to be, the chapel of Riddel ; and as it was argued, with 
 plausibility, that they contained tho remains of sc -ne ances- 
 tors of the family they were deposited in tho modern place of 
 i^epulture, comparatively so termed though built in 1110. But 
 the following curious and authentic documents warrant most 
 conclusively the epithet of 'ancient Riddel': 1st, A charter 
 by David I. to Walter Rydale, ShorilT of Roxburgh, confirming 
 all the estates of Liliesclivo, etc., of which his father, Oervasius 
 de Rydale, died possessed. 2(lly, A bull of Pope Adrian IV., 
 confirming tho will of Walter do Ridale, kniglit, in favor of 
 hid brother Au^chitUl de Ridale, dated 8th April, 1155. ,S<lly, 
 A bull of Pope Alexander III., confirring the said will of 
 Walter do Ridale, bequeathing to his brother Anschittil tho 
 lands of Liliosciive, Whittunos, etc., and ratifying the bargain 
 betwixt Anschittil and Huctredus, concerning tho church of 
 Lilicsclivc, in consequence of the mediation of Malcolm II., 
 and confirmed by a charter from that monarch. This bull is 
 dated 17th June, 1160. 4thly, A bull of the same Pope, con- 
 firming tho will of Sir Anschittil do Ridale, in favor of his son 
 Walter, conveying the said lands of Liliosclive and others, 
 dated 10th Marcli, 1170. It is remarkable that Liliesclive, 
 otherwise Rydale, or Riddel, and the Whittunes, have de^ 
 
Canto I. 
 
 179 
 
 »c.'iu|...I, thn,„Kh a long train of a„co«ton,, without evor Paii». 
 uig mu. a oollatcral lin., to tl.o ,H,r.on of Sir John Buchanan 
 Kuhlul, n.trt. of Ri.l.lell, th« lineal d..Hc«„dant and n,pr" 
 -.■..tat.vo of S.r Anschittil. Th,wo circum.tanco. a,.pe««Ki 
 worthy of notice in a nordcr work." -S.ott. 
 
 tiJG nms. (Soo map, pugo h. ) 
 
 tawny. A woll-chosen wonl to descriho l„.th the color of 
 thofoa....ng,„.u,My,tn.am in ti.no of A.hhI an.l the cho.tnut 
 ...ano to wh.ch the waves are con, pared in the next line. 
 
 Chestnut. The word is froir. tho nur,.n „f a city. .See Diet 
 Compare dmimr, ,ft/ii:o, htyon,!, dnviMon, etc. 
 
 5U.— counter. The chest of a hor«e. 
 
 n-». -armed complete. PuUy equipped. 
 
 PajfO 27, l.-heavler. Profe«sorMinto«tatosfhatacom. 
 Pletosmt of urn.or w,.uld w.dgh 150 to 200 pounds, l.ut remarks 
 that Scott allows Doloraino four hours to ride the twenty miles 
 from Hawick to Melrose. (See page 27, lines 25, 2.i.) Plather 
 thinks ''no n.an and horse would wear such h.-avy armor on 
 s..ch an erran.l, or could have forded s.. strong a stream in it." 
 nut ho adds that no one could be mora fully aware of this fact 
 tlnm wus Scott. Such passages are written after the spirit 
 of the hor<..c descriptions in the ancient ballads an.l romances. 
 4.-da8rgled. Fie.,u,.ntativo fn„a Scand. ,lm,,,, dew. Com- 
 pare ft^w and ,l'nd; which arc fnnn tlie same root. 
 
 a. -Through courage and the favor of the Virgin Mary 
 Compare Macaulay's nm->,fh,.s swimming for his life, but 
 
 •'Ii<mM! lip bmvoly l,y tl,<! I.ntv.' Uv,^rt wiihin 
 Aiul our fc.,H,<l Father Tilnrr Lure l.ravely Hp*l,i« chin." 
 
 march-man. a b„nler-man. A.S. nuurr, a border, a 
 boundary, a mark. The Marchers of Knglish history li^^d 
 along the frontiers of Wales, and to keep the marches was a^, 
 times a serious business. 
 
 Halidon. Was an ancient seat of the Carrs about a quarter 
 of a nulo south of the battlefield of Melrose, mentioned on pa.^ 
 19 and st.ll called Skinner's Field, a corruption of Skirmi:h 
 h leld. The castle has been demolished. 
 
MIC»OCOPY RESOLUTION TBT CHART 
 
 (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 
 
 ^ ^JPPUEDJN^HGE 
 
 ^K- '65J Eost Main Street 
 i^BS (716) 288 - 5989 - Fax 
 
 inc 
 
180 
 
 Notes. 
 
 11. — royal James. James v., then a miTior under tho con- 
 trol of the Earl of Angus. (Si>o nnto on line I, ]>a<j;e 17. ) 
 
 17. — dear. Either precious or costly in viuvv of tljo hing 
 feud, with its bloodshed. 
 
 22. — Old MelrOS*. Melrose Abbey, older form Molross ; 
 Gaelic maol-ron, i.e., bald promontory. The abbey was built on 
 a peninsula formed by the Tweed. 
 
 Scott writes as follows: — "The ancient and beautiful mon- 
 astery of Melrose was founded by King David I. Its ruins 
 afford the finest specimen of Gothic architecture and Gothic 
 sculpture which Scotland can boast. Tlie stone of wliich it is 
 built, though it has resisted the weather forso many ages, retains 
 perfect sharpness, so that even the most mmute ornaments 
 seem as entire as when newly wrought. In some of the 
 cloisters, as is hinted in the next Canto, there are representa- 
 tions of flowers, vegetables, etc., carved in stone, with accuracy 
 and precision so delicate tliat wo almost distrust our senses, 
 when we consider the difficulty of subjecting so hard a sub- 
 stance to such intricate and exiiuisite modulation. This superb 
 convent was dedicated to St. Mary, and the monks were of the 
 Cistertian order." The cut on page 30 is from a photograph of 
 the ruins. 
 
 23. — gray with lichens. 
 
 24. — Abbaye. French form, with accent on second syllable. 
 
 25. — Curfew. " The name is still given to the eight o'clock 
 bell rungevery evening in Scotch towns "'—Mi nto. 
 
 26.— lauds. " The midnight service of the Catholic Churcli." 
 
 — SC'OTT. 
 
 28. — fail. Die away upon the wind . 
 
 29.— wild harp. The ^olian harp played by the wind, so 
 named from iEolus, the wind-god. 
 
 31.— Melrose he reached. Tliere was a real WiUiam 
 Deloraine, but the character and this m.dnight ride are the 
 product of Scott's vivid imagination. 
 
 Compare Browning's JIow we Brout/ht the Good Xewn from 
 Ghent to Atx, which is wholly imaginary and is said to have 
 been written on the deck of a sailing ship becalmed under the 
 equator. The poet can truly say "My mind to me a kingdom 
 is," for his rich fancy creates new worlds or re-creates old ones. 
 
 Silence all. Completely silent. 
 
Canto 1 1. 
 
 181 
 
 Putfe 2H.-T1I0 interludo announces tl.e end of the Canto 
 an.I holds th«act...a of tho poom in suspense for a tinu.. A f.-vJ 
 n.oro touches uroadd..d t.> the character of the nunstrel. and 
 tlie metre revert, to the rojjular heat of tlie prelude. 
 
 15 -His hand was true. Indire t .juo^n ^Jon with ellipsis 
 Hoy m.,l that his hand, etc. Compa: • , .. 12, line 4 aid 
 pageW line 20,7 ,.,., .here the question given' i„ this'form 
 Had Scott been writing an epic poem proper instead of a metri- 
 cal romance, it would have been necessary for him to give an 
 explanation of the clau feud. As it is, however, ho proceeds 
 with the narrative and leaves us to realize the true state of 
 affairs gradually. The complication arises from tbo Ladye's 
 hatred of the Carrs and her opposition to the marriage of Mar- 
 garet of Branksome with Henry, Lord Cranstoun. The sus- 
 I^nse turns on the question "What shall bo the mai.len's 
 fate? and is well-sustained till the n-solution of the dim- 
 cultios. The action begins with Deloraine's ride. The descrip- 
 tions of this number are worthy of study. 
 
 I I 
 
 CANTO II. 
 
 Pasre 2J). This description of Melrose Abbey is one of the 
 most ad,,ure,l passages in Scott's poems. Yet it is stated 
 hat at the tin.o he wrote it he had never seen the ruins by 
 moonlight. In the description of Melrose the reader will 
 observe how skilfully the author calls in the aid of sentimental 
 associations to heighten the effect of the picture which he pre- 
 sents to the eye."— jKKFiiKY. 
 
 <'».— Oriel. Properly a window project- 
 ing outward. But Scott was (.ften rather 
 inaccurate in the use of architectural 
 terms. Here he evidently means a largo 
 church window divided by sliafts of stone, 
 but not projecting, called a mullioned 
 window. (See cut, page HO, which shows 
 several.) The pattern of these windo as 
 is very elegant. 
 
 9.— When buttress and buttress, 
 
 alternately. 'The buttrosses ranged 
 along the sides of the ruins of Melrose 
 
 
i' 
 
 182 
 
 Notes. 
 
 Abbey are, according" to tbe ftothic stj'Io, richly carved nnd 
 fretted, cuntuining iiichus furtlio statu<j» of suiiitf^, and laludled 
 with scrolls bt-ariug approjtriate texts of Scripture. Most of 
 these statues have been demolished." — S«dTT. The word nlhrn- 
 attly is dislocated by the oxigencii-s of the metre. It refers, of 
 course, to "ebon and ivory" and not to " buttress and buttress." 
 One side of the buttress is in the shade, the other in the moon- 
 light 
 
 11. — inia§rery. The statues of tlie saints iiiuutioiied above. 
 
 10.— St. David. "David 1. of Scotlan<l purchased tlio 
 reputation of sanctity by founding and libera lly endowing not 
 only the monastery of Melrose but those of Kelso, Jedburgh, 
 and many others ; which led to the well-known observation of 
 his successor (.Tames I. i, that he was a M>ri'. sdhit j'nr th<- croicii.^'' 
 — SooTT. David founded Melrose in lliid to take the j)lace of ii 
 monastery planted by Aidan in (3.55. The English destroj'ed 
 the abbey in 1322, but it was gradually rebuilt by R(jbert 
 Bruce and David II. In it was buried the hea"' of liruce. 
 
 SOOthly. Truly. Corn pare ./oz-wo//*. 
 
 21. — wicket. A small gate forming i)art of a larger one. 
 28.— fence. Defend. 
 
 29. — living. The income or !)enefic(! of a clergyman 
 80. — gifted. To the shrine the lands and livings, (jifteil in 
 the sense of presented is confined to Scotlaml. 
 
 Pagre .'{1, 9.— aventayle. Tlie visur or movable ]iart of 
 the helmet. 
 
 10. — Note the contrast between the " humble head " and 
 "noiseless step" of the barefooted monk, and the haughty 
 bearing of the messenger. Tlie S(^ft alliteration t)f the monk's 
 speech and the abrupt style of Dcioraine heighten the contrast. 
 
 15.— sackcloth. Coarse, rough cloth. It was often worn 
 next the skin as penance. The monk enumerates tlie various 
 sorts of penance he has undergone. 
 
 23. — The meaning is, " Mj^ breast being pent in belt of iron, 
 with shirt .... and scouige, my knees for threescore 
 years have worn ... in penance; yet," etc. The con- 
 densation is extreme, ami the construction not uniform. 
 
 30.— drie. Suffer, endure. 
 
Canto IF. 
 
 1.S3 
 
 PjlHre ;{2, 1.— Tho irrt'siilur anrt tuiiil.linjj vorse carri.'rt on 
 tlic line of contrast after the old monk's ghostly manner and 
 solemn warning. 
 
 will. Desire, wish. 
 
 3.—'- Tho Borderers were, as may he supiiosed, v.'ry ignorant 
 about religious mattei s. ( oh iUe, in his Pnmu.sls or AJmonlfiou, 
 states that tho reformed divines were so far fnjia undertaking 
 distant journeys to convert tiie Heathen, ' as I wold wis at (iod 
 that ye wold only go hot to tho Hielands and Borders of our 
 own realm, to gain our awin countreymen, wlio, for lack of 
 preching ;^nd ministration of thosaeraments, mur.t, with tyme, 
 hecum .'ither infidells, or atheists.' But wo learn, from Lesly! 
 that, however deficient in real religion, they regularly told 
 their beads, and never with more zeal than wlien gning on a 
 plundering expedition." — Scott. 
 
 prayer. Seems to be a monosyllable in this line. 
 
 patter. Gabblo over without regard to the meaning. 
 
 ?tin. Know. 
 
 SpOed me. Ac<-om|)lish ([uickly for me 
 
 11.— in Spain and Italy. The last Moorish kingdom in 
 Spain was ovortiirown by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1 1!>2, and 
 Ferdinand drove tho French out of Italy in 1501. In these 
 wars tho monk may have fought. 
 
 1.").— The cloister was a covered walk arouml a court. 
 
 "The cloisters were fre.iuently used as phuu's of sepulture. 
 An instance occurs in Dryburgh Abbey, where tho cloister has 
 an inscription bearing J/ >'<• J>,r, f /,.,/, r A, ■.■/iil„t/,/,i.s.'" -^Siuvr. 
 
 'lorealis. 
 
 -Streamers. \ort i 
 
 it-rn 
 
 i.ij,'... 
 
 •\iu<*ra 
 
 13.— jennet. A small Spanish horse. 
 
 11. -unexpected dart. " • " By my faith," sayd the Duke 
 of Lancaster (to a Portuguese s<iuire), "of all tho feates 
 of armes that the Castellyans, and tliey of your countrey doth 
 use, tho castyngo of their dertos best pleas.-tli me, and gladly I 
 woldo so it: for, as I lioar say, if they strike one aryghto. 
 witliout he be well armed, the dart will pierce him thrughe." 
 "By my fayth, sir," sayd tlie squycr, "ye say trouth ; for I 
 have seen many a grete stroke given with them, which at one 
 
 1:! 
 I i 
 
 I 
 
184 
 
 NoTKH. 
 
 timo cost U8 doroly, ami wus to ti9 groat displ'a«uro ; f«jr, at 
 tho suidakyrinisho, Sir John Laurunoo of (.'(-_> gnu was strikun 
 with a dart in such wise, that tho head pcrcud all the plates of 
 his cote of inuylo, and a sacke st()pi)ed with sylko, and passed 
 thrugho his body, so that ho fell down dead." ' (Froissart, vol. 
 ii., ch. It.) This mode of fiijhting with darts wa.^ imitated in 
 the military game caUei Ji iii/o <k In-i canus, which tho Spaniards 
 borrowed from their Moorish invaders. A Saracen champion 
 is thus described by Froissart : ' Among tho Sarazj'us, there 
 was a yoiigo knight called Agadinger Dolyferne; ho was 
 always wel mounted on a redy and a Ij'ght horse; it seemed, 
 when the liorse ranue, that ho did fly in tho ayro. The knighto 
 seemed to bo a good man of armes by hisdodes; he bare always 
 of usage tliree fethered dartos, and rychte well he could handle 
 them ; and, according to tlieir custome, he was clene armed, 
 with a longwhite towell about his heed. His apparell was blacke, 
 and his own colour browne, and a good horseman. The Crysten 
 jnen say, they though te he dyd such deeds of armes for the love of 
 some young ladye of his countrey. And true it was, that ho 
 loved entirely the King of Thunes daughter, named the Lady 
 Azala ; she was inherytour to the realme of Thunes, after the 
 discease of tho kyng, her father. This Agadinger was sone to the 
 Duke of Olyferne. I can nat telle if they were married together 
 after or nat ; but it was shewed me, that this knyght, for love of 
 the sayd ladye, during tho siege, did many feates of armes. Tho 
 knyghtes of France wold fayne have taken hym ; but they 
 coldo never atrapo nor inclose him ; his horso was soswyft, and 
 so redy to his hand, that alwaies he escaped.'" — Scott. 
 
 17. — postern. Back door, private entrance. 
 
 ChanceL The east end of a church. From Lat. rmu-fllihs, 
 a grating. A screen or railing soi)arated the chancel from the 
 rest of the church. Compare r,iii<;L (See line 20 below, and 
 Plan, p. 32.) 
 
 21. — aisle. Wing of tlie abbey. Lat. alu, wing. 
 
 " The rhyme is not good and is dearly bought at the expense 
 of architectural oxactuess. The curved bosses at the inter- 
 section of tho ' ibs <tf n vaulted ceiling cannot fairly bo called 
 keystones, if they could be so called, it is not the alsles that 
 they lock. By quatre-t'euille the poet means tho four-leaved 
 flower which is so common an ornament iu the Decorated 
 
C.WTO If. 
 
 ISf) 
 
 Style, r do not know any authority for tl.is ,mo of ,ho wonl. 
 
 V../OV-/ H applK..l to an ..,...,:i..g pi..n....| i„ f.,ur foils, but 
 
 •luito dimsrout from a four-luiiv...l 1,osh."-M,.s.,.„. 
 A Corbel is a pn.jootiug stono or pu-w 
 
 of timber supporting a supi,'rincum)u.nt 
 
 wuight, such as thosliaft or smull column 
 
 which supj)(,rts tho ribs of a vault. Thoy 
 
 are carved and moulded in a great 
 
 variety of ways, often, as in Melrose 
 
 Abbey, in the form of heads and faces. 
 
 Grose (Aii/iij. of S,of/,iii>r, i. i'j<») thus 
 descriljes the Abbey: "Wo entere<l at 
 
 the south door, and no exj.ression can cnvey an idea of the 
 solemn mugnificenco which struck the eye. The ronf of the 
 north and so.ith ends of the transepts r. mains, supported by 
 intersecting groins, of the lightest order; tho joinings orna 
 mented with knots, some sculptured with figures, an.l others 
 of pierced work in flowers and foliage; the arching of the* 
 interstices constructed of thin stones, closely jointed: over 
 the choir, part of the roof of like workmanship still remains. 
 The side aisles are formed by light clustered pillars, richly 
 capitalled, with garlands of flowers and foliage dispersed 
 de hcately in the mouldings ; in some the figures of animals are 
 interspersed. " — Mi nt( ». 
 
 2-2.— fleup-de-lys. An orna 
 ment in the form of a lily. 
 
 21.— clustered. Carved in a 
 cluster of small shafts. 
 
 25. flourished. C (; v , r o d 
 
 with carved flowers. 
 
 27 —scutcheon. A painte.I 
 shield. Lat. saifiitn, Fv. <s,-,ii,I,i„n. 
 riven. Torn in battle. 
 
 32 -Chief of Otterburne. "The fan.ous and .lesperato 
 battle of Otterburne was fought 15th August, I:{,SH. betwixt 
 Henry Percy, called Hotspur, and .Tames, Earl of Dou-las. 
 lloth these renowned champions were at the head of a chosen 
 body of troops, and they were rivals in military fame ; so that 
 Froissart affirms, ' Of all the battayles aiid encounteryngsthat 
 
 < 'on 
 
 ro x'l hri.. 
 
 ■ 11 
 
 .1 
 
186 
 
 NoTKH. 
 
 I havo mado moncion of hero before in all this hystory, groat 
 or Binallo, this battaylu that I treat of nowo was one of the 
 sorest ami Iwst foui^liten, witliout cowardes or fuyntc liertos : 
 for there was neythor knyghte nor seiuyer he that dy«le his 
 devoyre, and fouglito hande to liando. Tliis Imtaylo was lykc 
 thebatayle of Bocherell, the wliich was valiauntly fought and 
 endured.' The issue of the conflict is well-known : Percy was 
 made prisoner, and the Hoots won the day, dearly purcliasod l>y 
 the death of their gallant general, tlie Earl of l>ouglas, who 
 was slain in the action. He was huried at Melrose beneath the 
 high altar. ' His obsequye was done reverently, and on his 
 bodye layde a tonibo of stone, and hys baiier hungynsj over 
 hym.'" — Hcorr 
 
 Ballads coniinoniorating this fatuous battle may bo fouml in 
 Percy's Jitflt/iitM, and in Scot."- Bonhr Miiittn/Mi/. 
 
 33. -Knight of Liddesdale. "William Douglas, called the 
 Kniglwb of Liddesdale, flourished during the reign of David II., 
 tind was so distinguished by his valor that ho was called the 
 Flower of Chivalry. Nevertheless, ho tarnished his renown by 
 the cruel nnirder of Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie, 
 originally his friend and brother in arms. The King had con- 
 ferred upon Ramsay the sheritTdom of Tcviot<lale, to which 
 Douglas i)retended soino claim. lu revenge of this i)reference, 
 tho Knight of Liddesdale came down upon Ramsay, while ho 
 was administering justice at Hawick, seized and carried him off 
 to his remote and inaccessible castio of Hermitage, whero he 
 threw hid unfortunate prisoner, horse and man, into a dungeon, 
 and left him to perish of hunger. It is said tho miserable 
 captive prolonged his existence several days by the corn which 
 ffUfrom a granary above tho vault in v.liicli ho was confined. 
 So weak was the royal authority, that D.ivM, although highly 
 incensed ut this atroeio is murder, found himself obliged to 
 appoint tho Knight of Liddosdalo successor to his victim, as 
 Sheriff of Teviotdale. But he was soon after slain, while 
 hunting iu Ettrick Forest, by his own go<lson and chieftain, 
 William, Earl of Douglas, in revenge, according to some 
 authors, of Ramsay's murder; although a popular tradition, 
 preservetl in a ballad quoted by Godscroft, and some parts of 
 which are still preserved, ascribes the resentment of the Earl 
 to jealousy. The place where the Knight of Liddesdale was 
 killed is called, from his name, William-Cross, upon the ridge 
 
Canto If. 
 
 187 
 
 II 
 
 of a hill cjill.Ml Williiiiii.hoi.u, »H..twixt 'Iw«o,i aiA Yam.w. 
 
 ]Ii8bu<ly,!iccor.lingto<Jo.lscinft, w,m,Mrri,M|toLin.Kimcl,„n'h 
 tho first night after hU doath, uu.l tht-nco to Molrone, wImiv ho 
 was iutcrnM with yruat pump, au.l wl.oro his toi.ih is still 
 shown."— Skit. 
 
 Pa«:e ;i4, 3- is. -Scott's ii.,to ou those liut-s helps to ex- 
 pluiu tho refureuces to «W, ,-, h,o/, ,n7/o,r, ,>•,:„ fhs. "Itisiiupos- 
 siiilo to conceive a more Iniautiful specimen (if the liyhtness an.l 
 eleguncoof (;<,thic architocture. when in its purity, than tho 
 eastern window „f Melroso Al.l.ey. Sir James Hall of Dunglas, 
 Bart., has, with great in .juuity an.l pla.isiMlity, traced tho 
 (iothio order through its- arioua forms and seemingly eccentric 
 ornaments to an architectural imitation of wicker work; of 
 which, as wo learn from some of tho legends, tho oarl'iost 
 Christian churches wore constructe.l. I,, such an clifico, tho 
 original of tho clustered pillars is traced to a sot of round 
 po<;ts, begirt with slender rods of willow, whose loose summits 
 wero brought to meet from all .luarters. and bound together 
 artificially, so as to pro.luco tho framework of the roof ; and tho 
 tracery of our (J.,thic windows is displayed in tho meetin- an.l 
 interlacing of rods an.l hoops, alTor-ling an inexhaustible 
 variety of beautiful forms of open work. This ingenious 
 - allii.Ie.l to in tho romance. Sir James JI.ill's Kssay 
 J Architecture is published in 7% K,lu,hin,h fhilo- 
 •/'! "rfiiiiitffiuiis.'''' 
 
 -Michael. The central light of the oast oriel window 
 contained a representation in colored glass of the andiangel 
 Michael triumphant over Satan the ap.-stato ang.d : see /'n°n. 
 'Us,, Los,^ 13k. vi. The moonlight, passing thnmgh the re.l 
 cross held by Michael, cast a red shade upon the pavement. 
 
 20. -A Scottish monarch. '• A large marbl,, stone in the 
 chancel of Melrose is i...int.i.l outas the monument <.f Alexander 
 H."(king of Scotland, 12l() to 12I9J.— S<'..rr. 
 
 22.— Man of woe. A penitent doing penance for his sins. 
 
 23.— paynim. Pagan, heathen. Lat. ih,<,,ihhm. o Fr 
 i>'ikm.me, from Lat. /.ry/M, a village, a ro.mtry district wiiere 
 tho old religions lingered longest. 
 
 21.— fought as a Crusader. The Crusades wero eight in 
 number and extended over a perio.l of 177 years. Most oFthem 
 
 
188 
 
 Not KM. 
 
 woro oxiH'.litiniis unih-rtakt'ii ngaiiist Suraiu-nH with iJio o»ij«'ct 
 u{ ntcoviiiiiK tiio II. .ly Stipiilcluu. Ah tho ciKhth criisa.Jo 
 ondwl in 1J72, tho Monk nmst, Iuto n-ffi- to tlio uxpiilsion of tho 
 M.oiii fn>m Hpain. Th.'y woi« Miihomniclans und tho wur^ 
 woro iijyartlod :ts crusaiics. (Sot< note on 32) 11.) 
 
 28.- Michael Scott, "sir Michael Soott of flalwoarie 
 Houriahod during th.; IHth Cfntiiry. ... By a ixKJtical 
 uninhrouism, ho in h(>n< placed in a later era. He wan a man 
 of much learning, chiefly acquired in foreign countries. Ho 
 wroto . . . several treatises upon natural philosophy, 
 from which ho appears to have b.en addicted to tl: olitruBO 
 studies of judicial astroh)gy, alehymy, physiogn<irny, and 
 chiromancy. Hence he parsed among his contemporariea for a 
 skilful magician. Dompstt^r (U;27) informs us, that he n-mem- 
 iKJrs to have heard in his /outh, tiiat th.> magic Injoks of 
 Michael Scott were Htill in oxistonco, hut (,,uld not bo opened 
 without danger, on aiMrounbof tlio malignant fiends who were 
 thereby invoked. . . . Dante also mentions him as a 
 nuiownod wizard. ... A personajro thus spoken of >.y 
 biographeis and historians loses little of his niy.stical fame in 
 vulgar tradition. Accordingly, the memory of Sir Michael 
 survives in many a legend ; and in tho south of Scotland any 
 work of groat hibor and antiquity is ascrilH^d either to the 
 agency of An/d Mkhwl, of Sir William Wallace, or of tho 
 dovil. Tradition varies concerning tho place of his Imrial. 
 . . . . IJut all agret! that his books of magif. were interred in 
 his grave, or preserved in the convent where ho died."— Scorr. 
 
 30.— Salamanca's cave. "Spain, from the relics, doubt- 
 less, of Arabian l.-arning and superstition, was accounted a 
 favorite residence of magicians. . . , There were public 
 schools, where magic, or rather tlio sciences suppose*! to involve 
 its mysteries, were regularly taught, at Toledo, Seville, and 
 Salamanca. In the latter city they were held in a deep cavern, 
 tho mouth of which was walled uji by Queen Isabella, wife of 
 King Ferdinand." — S<:ott. 
 
 31.— Him listed. When it pleased him. ('omparo //«7///«/w, 
 iiUf (til", etc. 
 
 32.— Notre Dame. The cathedral of Paris. 
 bells would ring. " ' Tantamne rem tarn negligen- 
 ter?' says Tyrwhitt, of his predecessor, Speight; who, in 
 
rAvio ir. 
 
 |N'.> 
 
 hMon „me„tary on rhaM....r, Un.\ ..,„it,...f. ... ..ivi..! an.I f..l.,.- 
 
 lou, tho .toryuf W».!onn,| hi. l.at (JMin^.-L.t,. to fl.o ..v.t 
 pnju.l.co of ,K..t,orit,-. tho ..........ry of tl.o (..n. ,.„.l th.\.o 
 
 »>o.Dij now ..nt.rely I..Ht. T!..a f,.turo u..ti,uari.w ,„,vlavno 
 ...ch o,nMs.„n to ,ny charu^,, I l.uv., „„t..,| o.... or t.o ..| tho 
 
 MKwt current tra.liri. ... .ono.rnin^^ Mi.l.a..! S-oft. He «,». 
 
 King of Franco suM.fuct.on for certain piracio. con.,„it,..,l l.v 
 h.H 8«bj..ct« n,>on th.Ho of S,,otIa.,.I. In.t..ul of ,.r..,,Hri„.. •. 
 now oq,„pago an.l spl.-n-Ii-l retiuu.,. tho ..ml.,u.«.h.r n.rn.,.,7,..| 
 
 to h.s Htu. y, o,K,n.Ml his i k an.l ovok.-l a fl..,..i in th. shap- 
 
 of a hugo bhvck horse, ,,.ount..,l upon his h.u-k. an.! f.-r i him 
 
 t.. fly through tho a.r towards Franc... As .h.-y .,,oss...| th. 
 Hm. tho.h.v.I .n.s.di..u,ly ask...l his ri.h^r wh.t it was that tl... 
 •I'J «o,„..„ of Scotlan.l muttoro.! at I....!-,!,,. .. x ,,.,, p„ 
 por.onco.l wizard n.i-^ht havo answers! that it was fh- I'ah.r 
 Nnstor wh.ch woMl.l hav.. Ii.u.nso.1 tl... d.-vil t.. pr....ipitaN. hi,,, 
 from h:, back. But Mich,..-! st..,.nly r..p,i...,, • {vhat! is ,ha . 
 1.-/ Mount, T).alHdus. and fly ! ' Wh-n h. ..rriv.,| a. Paris 
 ho Ucd 1..S horso to tho gato of tho palaoo. ontorod, an-l boldly 
 .lol.vorod h>. mossago. A,, ambassador, with s.. I.ttl., of the 
 |H.mpand c.rcumstanco of diph.,..a.-y. was not r...vivo,l with 
 muchrospoct and tho king wa. al...ut to n-furn a contoM.ptu- 
 ousrefuHalt. v., .,.„.„„,,, ,,,„.,^ ,j.^,,^^, bosought hi,., to s,. - 
 pond h.s r .fon till ho had «oc„ his horso stan.p thr.o 
 timos. Tho Hrst stamp shook evory st..eplo in P.ri, an. 
 causod an the boHs ,o ring; tho socm.i th'rew d..Jn 7 'ro. 
 J.e towers of tho palaco; and tho infornal sf-d ha.l lifto.l his 
 .oof to gjvo tho thir.1 sta.np, when th., king rath., .hoso to 
 
 stand to the probablo conso.,uo,..os. Another tir.,o, it is sai.l 
 t mt when ros.dmg at tho Tower of Onkwood. upon tho Kttri.-k 
 about thrco miles above S.dkirk, ho heanl of th., fa,.,o of a 
 s-.rceress call..,! th. Witch of Fulsehop... wl.oliv,..] on thoo! 
 pos.te s,.lo of tho nv,.r. M-.d.aol w.,nt on., mon.b.g t,. put her 
 sk.ll to the tost, but was di- .ppointo.l by h.r d.m yi,.: p..!itiv„,y 
 •>.ny knowlodgo of tho noc-romantic art. fn his .li.cour.. with 
 hor, he la.d his wand inadvorh-ntly o,. th., tabl... which the 
 hag observing s.i.hh.nly sn ttch.-.I un. a„,| struok him with it 
 *oeIing tho forco of tho charm, ho rush.-d out of th„ hou.e- but' 
 as xt had coaforrod on hhn the oxt.raal ai-pearunco of a 'haro,' 
 
 1 il 
 
k-«*»»" 
 
 11)0 
 
 Not KM. 
 
 hiKM<rv«iit, wiii>waite<l without, hiilliMM'il iip<in thotlixRomfitod 
 wi/.ar(l hUown gntyhoiiDil^ uinl purAiiud liitn MoclnHn, tliat, in 
 or<lor Ut o))taiti a iiiomuiit'H t)n>atliing to rnvi-i-no tho olitirni, 
 Michuol, of tor a v«»ry futi^'uinij coiirso, won fuin t<i tuko rrfugo 
 in hin own juirh«i/i:(.li4iffiii, cornmoi* s«\v»;r). In offhT to ro 
 vonge himself of tho witch of FiilHuho|M', Michaul, ono iiiurninf,' 
 in tho onsuing liarvost, wont to tho hill uhovo tho hoimo with hin 
 dogs, and »«ent di>wn his servant to ask a hit of Jn-uiid from tli(« 
 good wife for hin greyhound^*, with instniftionH what to do if he 
 mot with a denial. Acconlingly, when tlio witch liad rofiinod 
 tho boon with contunuily, tho wrvant. uh hi* master had 
 dirt'ctod, laid obovo tlio d<K)r a paju ■ whirh ho had givon him, 
 containing, amongst many cabalistical words, tho well-known 
 rhymo,— 
 
 ' MaUirr MicliiM'l Schii'm nnin 
 SiMi^lil incut, and ^al iianr.' 
 
 " Immodiatcly the gf>i>d old woman, in-<tea<i of iMirsiiing her 
 domestic octMtpution, which was baking lin-ml for tiic rca|.ors. 
 bogan to dance round tho fire, repoatin-j tho rhyin<'. and <r«)n- 
 tiniu'd this exercise till her husband sent tho reapers to the 
 house, one after another, to soe what had dolayed their pro- 
 vision ; but tho charm caught each as they entered, and, losing 
 all idea of returning, they joined in tho dance and chorus. At 
 length the old man himself went to tho house ; but as his wifc^'s 
 frolic with Mr. Michael, whom ho had scon on tho hill, made 
 hitn a little cautious, he contont«'d himself with looking in at 
 the window, and saw tho reapers at their involuntary exercise. 
 dran;ging his wi^e, now completely exhausted, sometimes 
 round, and sometimes through, tho fire, which was, as usual, 
 in tho midst of tho house. Instead of entering, ho saddled a 
 horso, and rode up tho hill, to humolo himself bofore Mir-liaol, 
 and beg a cessation of the spell nch the good-natured war- 
 lock immediately granted, directing him to enter tho house 
 backwards, and, with his left hand, take tho spell from above 
 thedof)r; which .accord in!,'ly ended tho supernatur;il dance. 
 This tale was told less particularly in fornier editions, and I 
 have been censured for inaccuracy in doini^ so. A similar 
 charm occurs in Jfnon. it,- llonnhnnjr, and in tho ingenious 
 Oriental tale called the dtfiith V'lthk. 
 
 "Notwithstandinj,' his victory over the witch of Falsehope. 
 Michael Scott, like his predecessor, Merlin, fell at last a victim 
 
Canto If. 
 
 I1M 
 
 to fomuU. art. IIh wlfo. „r c..„cMil,i„. ..|„ i„.,| (,.,„„ ,,i,„ j,,,. 
 HOfr.,t, that iiiH art culd wunl ..iT any ,| u,j;or «x....pt tl.o 
 l".iH,M.(.iH -i.iulitiLM „( I. roth mu.lo of tlioH.«li ..f a /.,-.„,. h..w 
 S.irh a ni.HH Mho a.>.-.,r.lii,-Iya.|,„i„iHt„r.-l t.. tl.., wi/ur,|, w 1.,", 
 >\m\ m o..MH«., '•«"•••» of ,,aM«.^ it; H-irvivin-, l.ow.v.r, l.,n;r 
 unough to put to .|,.utl, hix trrac.horou* ••■<.ufl.lanto."-St;,Krr. 
 
 Pa»ro .-W, 2.-Elldon Hills. N....r M..lr.Ho. (So,, „,ap 
 
 ?»a-o 8.) Tl.oro in a RuvdiT tiu.liHon tluit Lore h p KinJ 
 
 Arthur an.l hin kui-htg of tlio Roun.l Tul.lo. 8,.„tt'« i,ot« 
 u.\pliiiua thu woril '/iff:— 
 
 "Miohma Srott wfts one., upon a finio. mu.-h ,.rnl. .rnis^,.,! 
 byu «pinr, for whon- : .. was un.U'r tho li.r.ssify of fm.lin.r 
 r(,u>*tant oinployniont. Ho c.rMinaM.lo.l liit.i to l.i.il.l am,/// 
 or.lAM.-hoa.l, across tho Twoo.l at Kdso; it was acco,Mp|isl.,.,i 
 m o„o n.jjht, an.l still .I.kss honor to tho inf-rn^l architoet. 
 Michaol noxt onh-nil that Eihlon hill, which was thon a 
 uniform c<.no, shouhi 1h, .livi.hd into tliroo. Anothor ni-ht 
 was Budioifut to part its su...n,it into tho throo ph-turcmo 
 p.uiks wliich it n..w hoars. At longth thn on.-ha..tor con., nor...! 
 this in.h.fafigal.lo .h-mon, hy ornploying him in tho h..p«losH 
 an.l on.lloss task of makinij r..pe» out of s..a-san.l." 
 
 i5.-massy nave. (So«, groun.i i.luu o. Moin pa-o;p \ 
 
 I'honavo is tho lM.,|y ..f thochuivh an.l..xtcnJs f,-,. , tho" nm'r 
 .l.H.r to thocho-r, aii.l inclu.los tho part h.-iwota tho win.'s or 
 aisles. ° ' 
 
 ' l<'"'l "I ISraiiksoino, who 
 
 Pjitfe .-m, ».-his Chief. 
 was also a Soott. 
 
 11— his patron. Saint Mi.i,,,..!, wh..so ..a,,,., h.- boro. 
 
 27.-burn unquenchably. "Iiuptista Portia an.l ..♦hor 
 
 authors who treat. .f natural mug!,; talk inu.-h ..f .t.-rnal lamps 
 proton.lo.l to havo Iwn fouu.l ia aiicit-nt sopul.^hr.'s. 
 Ono of these poi petual lamps is sai.l t., havo ho.'n cHscovoro.l in 
 thotoml.of Tulliola, tho .laughter of Ci,er..."-Sc..TT. Ho then 
 go."s on to .juoto fror.i an ..M hook tho st-.ry uLout tho atto.upt 
 of tho ma-i.-ian Virgil to r.-m-w his lifo ..v "a y-vy .-xtra- 
 ..nlinary process in which ono of these lamps'was omploy.-.l " 
 
 2a -eternal doom. T)..oms.iay, ti,*! i»ay of .ru.ignu'nt. r.s..<. 
 
 p- 122.) o - 
 
ill 
 
 192 
 
 N(»TK 
 
 s. 
 
 fi! 
 
 Paare ;t7, ss.— amain. Witli nuiin sfr.'nf,'th. 
 5.— passing. Surpassing', nnnarkaM^. 
 
 Pu«re ;JS, H.— cowl. A inrmk's h.....!. ( l,s..rv« tin, con- 
 trast of cul(.r in thosn linos. Thu(luscrii)ii..u licic given follows 
 the ordor of tiino. Note the details. 
 
 11.— the wizard. Th.; vuiy wise man, the end.auter wlio 
 had power to comrnan-l evil si)ii-if3 supposed to he due to a 
 compact with the devil, who at last claimed the soul of th.^ 
 magician. Tiio serene aspect of Michael Scott's face seeins to 
 indicate that ho had in some way escaped the usual fato of 
 wizards. 
 
 13.-in Silver rolled. His l.,ng white heard flows down like 
 a silvery stream. 
 
 1 t.— some seventy. About seventy. Compare tlio Greek 
 KUTa before numerals. 
 
 15. — palmer. A pilgrim totlielfoly F.and, whol.rouglit hack 
 branches of jialm in proof of his mission. 
 
 amice. A fur-Iined cai.o; a s.iuaro linen clotli tied round 
 the neck and hanging over the shoulders. The former is 
 meant hero as the one worn by i)ilgrims, who wore a flowing 
 cloak called by this name which " wrapped liini round." 
 
 If!.— wrought. Eml)roidered with needlework. 
 
 baldric. A belt of Si)anish leather. 
 
 22. -fell. Cruel, fierce. 
 
 In so l)rotherIy a way. 
 
 Paare 31), 3. -so brotherly. 
 
 Usually an adjective. 
 
 10.— Compare this passage witli th(^ character of Deloraine 
 given on page 23. 
 
 13. —He thought. 'William of Deloraine might bo 
 strengthened in this belief by the well-known story of "he Cid 
 Riiy Diaz. When the body of that famous Christian champion 
 was sitting in state by the high altar of the cathedral church 
 of Toledo, where it remained for ten years, a certain malicious 
 .Tow attempted to pull him by the beard ; but he had no sooner 
 touched the f..rmi<lable whiskers, tlian the corpse started up 
 and half unsheathed his sword Tlio Israelite} fled, and so 
 permanent was the cfTcrtof his terror, that he became Chris- 
 tian," — Scott. 
 
Canto TF. 
 
 1!).3 
 
 Wht'l 1 «'.'S='-^-"- «' tho strange n..i... loJd snl.s 
 laughter and ymcos are more effective than any dotailod de- 
 scnpt.on COM I he. The undefined terrihio is .„,.re dr.ad ul 
 than that which has I..st its vagueness. (-,.„„,„, ,5,„,m' 
 "Wi' nmir u liorril.lo and iiwfu' 
 Which iv'ii to iiiimo wad be iinliiwf.r." 
 
 — Tinii (»■ Shiiiifir. 
 PUHre 4<), l.-sped. A.-,.o,„plish..d, perf..r, i 
 
 5 Convent. The society ..f n.onks. \..t. , ;„„■.,„„. as- 
 seiiibly. 
 
 fi. -dead Tho sudden doath .,f the Monk ad-Is to the mys- 
 tery of tlie ' « black art. " ^ 
 
 13.-mystie. Full of ti,e n.ysf.nes of magic. Tho word 
 con,e9 from the root .,., to hind, and a mvst.-ry mean 
 pnmanly the secret rite in which only tho initiated ..Jr 
 /iKCfTt/r) can participate. 
 
 15.-nerves. Muscles, sinews, (.'r. n ,v>o,, a string. 
 
 la-Cheviot. The principal p.-ak i,, the Cheviot ran-., 
 south-east from Melrose. ° ' 
 
 ^22.-the Carter's side. Carter Fell is another peak farther 
 
 m!!^^!,""^'"""",'''" f ""°' "" ''"^ '""" ■" *h" "'«*"« "'ovo- 
 rnent, as co„. pared w.th that of page ::'.. Ol-s.-rvo the ste,>s in 
 
 the descnpt,on-"morning win.], dawn, cheerfullight, the sun 
 
 !':"T" p' •"'■',' ^■'^' ^""^ '"^^'^"•■" -^"^-d up .: 
 
 fairest maid " in the last lin^. 
 
 After the n.idnight scene at the wizard's tomi, the contrast 
 « pleasing, and wo seem to hroathe in the fresh air and feel 
 the genial sunshine of the S..pt..m}„.r morning. 
 
 2(5 -28. -Flower, violet, rose are the subjects of »■„/>„.,/ 
 /te/md, and spread. BiOWS, blossoms. 
 
 b/"^® 1?' ^-^*''"«- -^ ^-rt "f ^--n ^vnrn by wo„,en and 
 by men. (See pag.> 5^, line 20. ) 
 
 3 -she would make. Sh,M is the reading re.,uired by the 
 
 12.-tread. Footstep. Compare the elfects of the intorroffa- 
 tory form on pages 17 and 41 
 13 
 
194 
 
 fi 
 
 i • 
 
 I 
 
 NOTKS. 
 
 Pafire 42, 2.— foster-father. Her nurse's husband. 
 
 9-1^' — The construction is : — He was stately, and she 
 
 whore would you find lier peer? Anacoluthon. 
 
 12.— livelier. Very lively or bright. Compare the Latin 
 idium. 
 
 17.— fair. Tsed as a noun by tlie poets of the 18th century. 
 Supply who. The ellipsis is common in old Scotch ballads. 
 23.— ween. Expect, think. 
 melting. Affecting, touching. 
 
 Paife 4;{, 0.— The old Minstrel professes that he cannot 
 sing of love. But on pages 46, 91, and 92 we find some fine 
 passages describing true, true love. Ho only objects to tedious 
 descriptions of the interviews, not to the subject itself. 
 
 8.— The Baron's dwarf. "The idea of Lord Cranstoun's 
 Goblin Tage is taken from a being called Gilpin Horner, who 
 appeared, and made some stay, at a farmhouse among the 
 Border-mountains. A gentleman of that country has noted 
 down the following particulars concerning his appearance :— 
 
 " ' The only certain, at least most probable account, that ever 
 I heard of Gilpin Horner, was from an old man, of the name of 
 Anderson, who was born, and lived all his life, at Todshaw-hill, 
 in Eskedale-muir, the i)laco where Gilpin appeared and staid 
 for some time. He said there were two men, late in the even- 
 ing, when it was growing dark, employed in fastening the 
 horses upon the uttermost part of their ground (that is, tying 
 their forefeet together, to hinder them from travelling far in 
 the night), when they heard a voice, at some distance, crying 
 " Tint / tint ! tint ! " One of the men, named Moffat, called out, 
 " What deil has tint you ? Come here." Immediately a 
 creature, of something like human form, appeared. It was 
 surprisingly little, distorted in features, and misshapen in 
 limbs. As soon as the two men could see it plainly, they ran 
 home in a great fright, imagining they had met with some 
 goblin. By the way Moffat fell, and it ran over him, and was 
 home at the house as soon as either of them, and staid there a 
 long time ; but I cannot say how long. It was real flesh and 
 blood, and ate and drank, was fond of cream, and, when it 
 could get at it, woiild destroy a great do.al. It seemed a mis- 
 chievous creature; and any of the children whom it could 
 
Canto II. |j,,- 
 
 rnaster, it wouI.nH..at an.l scratch without mercy. It was .,„co 
 
 frighten .,1 by Its first appearance ; and he, in a passion struck 
 
 upon ho groun.l; hut a was not stunned; for it set up its 
 head directly and exclaimed, " Ah hah, Will o' Moffat, you 
 stnko sa.r!' ,vi.. ...,. After it had staid there long one 
 evening when the won.en were nulking the cows in the Wn it 
 
 hey heard a loud shnll voice cry three tim.s, " ai,j„„ //,,,,, ,1 
 
 mtrred ani^"''' " '''"'['--'"'-' "-^ ''a-d iitantlydis- 
 appc ared, and was never heard of n.ore. Old An.lerson did not 
 remernher it, but said he had often heard his father, and othe 
 
 «t , and in n.y younger days I have often heard it mentioned 
 tl"V;::rr/>."'? ^"^---^-had the ren.otest doubt aTo 
 
 thinU .t ' "'■^' ^''^""°''' ^ "''^^'^ «"•". I -^nnot help 
 thinking there must be some misrepresentation in it. ' To this 
 account I have to add the following particulars from the no 
 
 ;X :' rnlt^- ^''''' '-'^^^'^ -p-^^"^ ^'^- w- 
 
 ZrJ l^ "'"" "■'''' °^*"" ''^^'•'^ *" ^all upon Pete. 
 
 Bertram or Be-te-ram, as he pronotmce.1 the wonl ; and when 
 the shrill voice called Cilpin Horner, he innnUiatJly ackno " 
 edged It was the summons of the s u.l Peter Bertram : wo 
 eems therefore to have been the devil who had tint, or lo 
 the htt e imp. As much has been objected tof Jilpin Horner on 
 account of his being supposed rather a device of the author 
 han a popular superstition, I can only say, that no legend 
 which I ever heard seemed to be more universally creditediln 
 that many persons of very good rank and considerable inf orma 
 t.on are well known to repose absolute faith in the tradition " 
 -Scott. •«.uiLiuu, 
 
 ma'^rL-Tw""*'" "' *'" ''""°" "'"^ '"" ^^"^. J^'^-y re- 
 marks . The page is a perpetual burden to the poot and to the 
 
 reader; it is an undignified and improbable fiction w^. eh 
 
 rr rf r ''""'•' ^d-----^. -r astonishment? Ct 
 needlessly debases the strain of the whole work. He is not a 
 tricksy spirit' like Ariel, with who,a M,e imagination it 
 "resistibly enamoured. He rather appears to us to Jan 
 awkward sort of a mongrel bet.veen Puck and Caliban 
 limited in his powers to tlie indulgence of petty malignitiy and 
 
 m 
 
 >3l 
 
196 
 
 Not EH. 
 
 ;i 
 
 the infliction of despicable injuries. Fairies and devils, ghosts, 
 angels, and witches are creatures with whom wo are all 
 familiar; but the story of 'Gilpin Horner' can never have 
 been believed out of the village where he is said to have made 
 his appearance, and has no claims upon the credulity of those 
 who were not originally of his ac(iuaintanco." 
 
 Against this narrow criticism stand the following considera- 
 tions:— (aj The goblin story was the prime cause of the poem. 
 The Countess of Dalkeith suggested the story to Scott as the 
 subject of a ballad which grew into Thr. Lay. {h) Scott says : 
 "Many persons of very good rank and considerable information 
 are well known to repose absolute faith in the tradition." It is 
 a genuine legend, not an invention of the poet. (<•) Before the 
 goblin page is brought forward the reader has been prepared to 
 receive the marvellous creature. The wonders of the midnight 
 at Melrose Abbey make the goblin a credible possibility. 
 
 14.— Reedsdale. The Reed rises in Carter Fell, runs south 
 and empties into tlie North Tyne. 
 
 15.— The Dwarfs explanation seems an enigma at the present 
 stage of the narrative. The Dwarf himself had been lost by his 
 master, but the whole secret does not come out for many 
 pages. 
 
 18.— gorse. Furze or whin, a low shrub that bears a yellow 
 flower. 
 
 whit —A. S. mht, a creature, or thing; some whit, some- 
 thing. 
 
 32— waspish. Irritableorvindictivc; arch, sly, litherlie, 
 lazy, A.S. lither, idle. 
 
 Pagre 44, H.— an, if. Weakened form of and. Sometimes 
 we find an if. 
 
 4.-between Home and Hei'mitage. This means all 
 
 along the Border. Hermitage Castle is in J.iddesdale (see map, 
 p. 8) ; Home Castle is in Berwick, at the eastern end of the 
 Border. 
 
 8.— See map. I'he Loch of Lowes is connected with St. 
 Mary's Loch, out of which flows the Yarrow. The site of the 
 church may still be traced. 
 
 12.— Scott here quotes from an old law record to show that 
 m 1557 "Dame Janet Beatouue, Lady Buccleuch, and a great 
 
Canto Iff. 
 
 !97 
 
 nun, W x.( tlio nan.e .,f Scott " won, a-scuHod " for corning to tl.o 
 Kirk of St. Mury of the Lowe*, to tho nun.l^r of 200 persons 
 arruyc d m armour, and breaking in tlu, door of th« said kirk in 
 order toupprohon.l the Uinl of Cranstoune for his destruction." 
 
 1:5— would ride. Go on a raid. 
 
 It.— Lee. Meadow. 
 
 ir..-Wat of Harden. (See Lift, ,.f svou, page 12.;.) 
 
 1<">.— ThirleStane. A trisyUahh, Jht.'. 
 
 10.— burn. A brook, called a l>,rl- fartJi<jr Houth. 
 
 3:!. -cushat-dove. Wild pi-eon, stock-<h,ve. 
 
 Pllffe 4r>, a.-pondering. Weighing, reflecting. 
 9.— crowned. Brimniing with strong wine. 
 
 lO.-Velez. On the south cast of Spain, m the province of 
 Malaga. 
 
 20.-nectaP. In n.yth..logy the gods drink nectar. 
 cordial Clieering, exliiUiratin-'. 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 CANTO in. 
 
 Pa«re 40, l.-And. The Minstrel bethinks himself of 
 what he said in Canto II., page 43, line G. This unexpresse.l 
 thought IS connoctod with the thought now utten-d and a cer- 
 tain dugrei, of surprise indicate.l by tlio introductory and. 
 
 "The Minstrel is drawn with so much spirit that ho must 
 rank high amongst characters invented simply in order to set 
 oir a story ; in.leed ho seonis o%'eu more real than the historical 
 personages of whom he sings. The sin.pio, moving passa-es 
 on tho emotions dearest t<, Scott's heart are called forth "by 
 some remark of his audience, or are addressed directly to 
 them, and they are among tho best known passages in Scott's 
 poetry. '-Fi.atukk. ()bs(>rve },ow naturally tho introduction 
 of the Minstrel always arises out of narrative itself. 
 
 "Tho power of lovo has been shown by tho superhuman 
 powers wh.. have favorcl it, by th-.se who have boon sum- 
 ■noned to oppose it; Crausloun is risking his life for it 
 I'eluraine's mission is to thwart it : this is tho meeting-point of 
 
198 
 
 Notes. 
 
 I I 
 
 
 ti 
 
 the two streams, ah.l though it tnay «ocin tl.at ..nJy the liven 
 of tho comLatants aio at stake, tho scjuol «huws that furthur 
 lasues are involveij."— 1'iiiij,|.,»tts. 
 
 8.— Kindly. A. 8. fyml, kind, nature, natural. 
 
 8.-recreant. First v«wel short. FaUo, traitorous, cuwar.1 
 ly. Low Lat. jihraso « nrr,-,/,,;, to own oneself beaten in a 
 combat, to bo .lisgrace.l . Compare misrrtunt. 
 
 ll.-Shepherd's reed. (Soo page 2fi, line 16 and note.) In 
 pastoral and b..,,olic pootry lovers are often represented as 
 shjphords. 
 
 Pllfire 47, 3.-gPove. Poets, hermits. pe..,.lo in retire- 
 ment, away from the bustle of aimp and com-f. 
 
 "In times of peace the shepherd sin-s of love; in war love 
 inspires the warrior's bravest deeds; the power of love is seen 
 m .h6 halls of the rich and thfe hamlets of the poor ; on earth 
 below, and in htaven al)ove."— Stiart. 
 
 10.-don. Doon,asr/o/istodooff. An example of CnW., 
 called also S,/„ert.s,\ Symphyt!.m, or CmUtion. In the earlier 
 stages of English we find chill for I will, nill for we will, ,n,ltn 
 for wilt thou. These agglomerate forms were imn.erous. 
 1 wo symbolics would run together like two drops of water on 
 a pane of glass."— Earle. 
 
 2i.-The crane on the Baron's crest. " The crest of the 
 
 Cranstouns. in allusion to their name, is a crane dormant, 
 holding a stone in his foot, with an emphatic Border motto 
 Ihou shaft tmnt ere I mint. "—Scott. 
 
 22. -ready spear. P-oleptic epithet which anticipates the 
 action of the verl.-to hui., to strike, thrust, etc.-which is 
 here suppressed. 
 
 23.— high. Stern, angry. 
 
 24.— feudal. Arising from a fend or quarrel. 
 debate. Strife, contest. 
 
 28.-Other'S. The other's. A Scotticism. 
 
 30.-vantage-grOUnd. Before the horses could >»e brought 
 to full speed, a certain distance was necessary. Hence t' e 
 knights " wheeled around," line 29. 
 
 Pagre 48, 5. -couched. Fixed the si)ear horizontally in 
 the /^«^ which was a projection on the right side of the coat of 
 
Canto TTI. 
 
 mail, and sorved to support the l.utt of tl.« luncc. Fr 
 to lay down, to fix. 
 
 9.— dint. Blow ; lent, gave. 
 
 I9J) 
 
 luiuhii 
 
 Tho white ash of 
 
 H.-FUndePS. Splinters, fragments. 
 Britain is famous for its toughness. 
 
 /•*■;•??.*"* ?°^**"* •^'"■^■' " "" J'^"''^'*' •••- «''"'"' «<«»^ J'l'itod 
 or lustitched with small pieces of iron, au.l usually worn hy 
 
 the peasantry of the Bonier in their journeys fro„. place to 
 place, as well as in their oeeasional skirmishes with tho moss- 
 troopers, who were most probably equipped with the san.e sort 
 of harness."— fliTsoN. 
 
 Tho ac(m was a stuflTod jacket, originally made of ...lilted 
 cotton, as Its name implies : it was worn under tbe m^.i! arn.or. 
 Speltalso„X«^„„„, ha,,uefo„u: from Fr. a,„jnctou, Spanish ,./.o,o,> 
 Arabic tU-qiltu, the cotton. 
 
 in.-saddle-fast. Fust in his saddle. (Compare r,Hj,j},.t, 
 ttttadfwtt, xhaiHf/ast, >nmthj'nM. 
 
 20.— mortal. Deadly. 
 
 23.— passed. Continued on his course. 
 
 83.— Inly. Deeply, secretly. 
 
 Pagre 40, 2.-myself. Old emphatic form, I myself. 
 
 3. -the swifter. This appears to l,e an obscure use of the 
 old instrumental dative as seen in - Th,: 2„ore tht merrier " 
 Here, the means by that, by that much. Compare Lat. tant.nn- 
 quaaum. The meaning seems to bo. In auy case I must move 
 swiftly and so much the swifter by reason of this c(»ubat 
 
 4.— shrift. Time for making confession and roceivintr 
 absolution. 
 
 11. -pride. A proud knight. Deloraiiio showed his con- 
 tempt for learning. (See page 24, linos 5-8.) Hence tho Dwarf 
 marvels to see him riding with a book under his corselet. 
 
 12.-b00k-b0S0med. ' ' At UnU.ank, two miles X.E. from 
 the church (of Ewes), there are tho ruins of a chapel for divine 
 service m time of Popery. There is a tradition that friars 
 were wont to como from Melrose, or .Tedb.in,^h, to bapti>:e and 
 marry m this parish ; and from Ixing in use t.. carry the mass- 
 book in their bosoms, tbey were called by tho inhabitants 
 
 i' 
 
200 
 
 Not KM. 
 
 MXS. — S(;oTT. 
 
 20.-unchrIstened hand. 'lhos« win, ha.i been haptixci 
 
 ha. i.owor t.. roHist enchunt,„ent aial tu ..vorcoiao inairical 
 spelLs. (Soe tho /tn/Zud of A/in Itmad iu 7h. Lmly of tlw. Lah. .-) 
 
 " Fur thou wort chriitoiit-d maii ; 
 For (TONS or Hi(f II ilioii will not lly. 
 For iiiutlerutl word or Imiii," 
 
 Tho blood of tho wouu.IimI knight i.s oi,ually fff.ctivc. 
 
 25. -glamour mifc'ht. Tho power of ouchantmont.. iUftmonr 
 in the Jogouds of Scottish suiH-rstition, means tho niagi,, power 
 of imposing on tho eyesight of the sin^ctators, so that tli,. 
 appearance of an object shall bo totally differont from tho 
 reality. The transformation of Michael Scott by tho witch ..f 
 Falsehopo was a genuine operation of glamour. To a similar 
 charm tho ballad of JoUnuy Fa im,.utes tho fascination of tho 
 lovely Countess who eloped with that gypsx !- idor:— 
 
 " Hae soon as they suw li.r weel furd face. 
 Tliey cast the {jlamuiir o'er her." 
 
 30.— sheellngr. A shepherd's hut. 
 
 In this scone Cranstoun's action is quite simple and natural. 
 Yet mark how it seems to complicate tlio plot later on -the loss 
 of Branksome's heir-the challenge to combat-Cranstoun's 
 substitution of himself for Deloraine-out of all which ernes 
 tho resolution of tho plot in the consent of the La.lye to the 
 marriage. It is evident that the central unity of tho story is 
 contained in the r,Ve of this very page against whom tho critics 
 have often cried out. The Dwarf's intervention proves to be 
 the pivot on which the rest of tho story depends lor cohoronco 
 and unity. 
 
 Pnsro r>0, 2.-bufret. Stroke, blow. 
 7.— word. Saying, sentence. 
 
 14. -Who gave the stroke. In explanation of this mys- 
 tery Scott o"otes a letter by Dr. Henry More. It tells of a 
 certain old uagistrate who had studied magic so imperfectly 
 that ho coald not raise any dovil or familiar spirit, except one 
 who always came uncalled, and, with unseen hand, gave him 
 a clap upon tho back that made all ring again. 
 
{'\s 
 
 lO 
 
 IN. 
 
 2(M 
 
 !•'' — mote. Mav<.r«iiii I'l. „..,.» 
 
 ao.-gramarye. Mujric. 
 si.-welled. Uui, ,i out fi.,wt.<j 
 
 liojHjIess than over- tlu/T M ! "'' '"'"^'■"^^^ '»'•'•.• 
 
 Fiitfo r.t^i. -repassed. j>ass...i ,...,,•„ „„,,,,, 
 
 H.-traln. Allu,v.enr,k-..,.lnuvaua3-. r,at/,../°. , , 
 
 •'.-seemed. Tho sui.ject is ,h,. ,.ia, . • ' '"• 
 
 etc 
 
 9.— lurcher. A .1...' that, /«,•,/„ v Im,l-. i- • 
 
 seizes hares, ral.hits, Jc. '"" '"" '" "'""^ 
 
 aud 
 
 12. -The running stream dissolved the soell '• u : 
 
 finnarticoof i.<,i„ii.rf..itl, u * "« "w spell. It is a 
 in a living st Juu Vav 'v ' I "^^'r'"^"^"-"^ -" -"'-st 
 you au.l witches s./.H ' ^ *"''" '"'"'l-so a brook betuvn 
 
 safet,. .,;::^: 1;;!^ :: ;;:::-"^/;::'\^-- -- .^» --^-^ 
 
 such a circumstance. 'J he H t '"'I" '^"^'"''>' """" 
 
 Bn-mptou inn,rrus u tia ! „T;': '"•'" f '^"^''l-^^'' 
 
 spells, convert earthen ch ,::,:' ;;'^=:'-''^ -"'•'' ^'^ 
 -M in the market; hut which ah : ^ ! iiu/"!";''"' ^'"^ 
 foru, when driven l.y the deceive,, .mrc a 7r ^^ "" "'■".'"'' 
 stream. But Brompton is severe on u .; ,?/ """""- 
 
 reason. 'Gens isfi sn,,,-,.; ■ , '' '' ^^''■^' ='""l 
 
 "'^ '^^•'-^Puicissirtia n.n so vnnfciK.cimi^ ' , tT. 
 most dis">TacefnI n,,,.. i . i •. '"" "u (imas i J hose 
 
 ol^^!^:,^:Zr!r '"'" ""•■•- ^'-P--er and 
 
 4''W r* .^T'-'/"'^^'-'^''- •■-"P-o the use of , , „„;,, 
 
 . '"^er, etc., to donoto certain fceliii-^s ,„• ,r.. in,.- ' ■, ' 
 spleen was supposed to l>eth,-h>r.^; , .■ Pf-"'»s. I he 
 
 -r, as some ^ysicians hdd . "; ?='"• ■"''' ''"''"''^''•''>'' 
 ^vMch would L!t Thi: iLe. ' ""' "' ^"'^^ ^'"' ''^•^°''^''. 
 
 I 
 
 t' 
 
V 
 
 202 
 
 ■ 
 
 M 
 
 NoTKM. 
 
 18, 20. -but. The flrnt hut U ailvi.nwtlvo, the Mioond means 
 uuly, just. 
 
 82.— grisly. HIiloouM, torrihio ; A .H. .7»7/V»V, horrlldu ; allied 
 to gruowmio, Imt entirely dilToront from grixx\y, irroyirth. 
 
 Paire 52, ».— aye. Kvor; A.S. a, over, which indicates 
 the pmnunciatioii. 
 
 12.-wil(lePed. Bewildoro.1, Umt in the w.HMlland. 
 
 IH.— furlOUSlle. An imitation at Siwnsor'H artificial 
 archaiHm.s. 
 
 17.— wet. With tears. 
 
 19. — bat. Staff for walking with. 
 
 28.— In act to spring. Couchod ready t** spring. 
 
 Page 5;i, 4.— fellow. Taken with "u rough voice," in 
 
 linol. This word seems to Imj used for HiTvant or inferior. (See 
 Diet.) 
 
 5.— Ban-dog. The bloodhound was hold hy a leash i see line 
 29), and was therefore also a ban-dog. At page 60, line 8, 
 Sir Walter seems to speak of them as two different kinds 
 of dogs. 
 
 9.— him fro. An example of ajKH-oim and hyi^rhUon com- 
 bined. Compare " to and fro." 
 
 15.— barret-cap. A smull flat cap formerly worn by 
 archers. The same word as bimffa, a square cap worn h\ 
 priests. Dim. of Lat. /nVm-., a woollen cloak or waterproof. 
 
 18 — clear, shining, liright. 
 
 20. -forest green. Commonly called Lincoln green or 
 Kendal green from the places wh»'re the green cloth worn by 
 the foresters was made. Chaucer's Yeman 
 
 " wan clad in cote and hwMl of grcno ; 
 A shcef of pecok arwcs bright and keno 
 Under his licit ho Iwir ful thrift ily."-/Vo/o(/ur, KO. 
 
 23.— furbished. Polished. Fr. /o«/«V, to polish. 
 
 25.— fence. Defence. The Knglish yeoman's buckler or 
 shield was very small. It was often made four feet long and 
 covered the whole body. 
 
 29.— leash. A tliong of leather, or a long line. Lat. /axa 
 {rtfttiii)^ a loose rope. 
 
Cavto nr. .^^.j 
 
 mil MiiiiiK «'• thilr tl|M thiir lMiirl,.M shrill 
 
 5itr-:^:£ Sf^prr^ 
 
 t'olyulliion, SiiiiK Lii • 
 
 1"S. A , ,, ' 1,?, • " "'"""' ■"' '""■"«■■"■'.<, in tl„, 11,1.1, „r 
 stroke. ^'' *=* «'«'n.Hideru.l t., l,o a foul 
 
 .s.Sfo;"'.!;,;';;-^!:™"- '^■"•"■" ' '" ' ••' "•" 
 
 thllkT*"""*"^- ""■"'■•■ •■' ' "■■"■■. «-' 'i.«„k .„, 
 
 2i.-eommand. Chieftainship. 
 
 21.— I will wagor my how, .-tc. 
 25.— (JivB th.'.ii trouhle enough. 
 33.-much annoy. Poetic <licti„n-ann.,yanoe 
 
 lire. Head-dross, vm-t form of attire. 
 5.— Simon Hall. 
 
 »i.h -„peLr";:;„,.::;:.:„f ;:'■""'"« .-."' «— > 
 
 tion. »'ui(ior-i. . unmgammuni- 
 
 1- /«ef>,w. Dutcli A«a>Ci,t., a gun with a ho.,k. The- 
 
 .>f 
 
•JO J 
 
 Ntt'ii'X 
 
 '^¥ 
 
 lH.,.t Htnck wuH a Kn.ut ii.M.rov..,n.„i ..„ .1... .„ igi,.u| /.„, .,, „„„. 
 iotnpueii UtiHi/iiliHM. •* 
 
 1 1.— possessed l»y au «<vil ipii it 
 
 25. charm. lucun.ation, u r..,„„.la of «„r.|H „ifh ...airio 
 IH.w.r. 1 Im, oI.I ..|. nil for .tuiul.ing I.|..,h| rui,H tlnm :_ 
 " III llic liliMiil „( Ailaiii •!• Hill uii-. I.ik.ii. 
 
 Ii.IIm. I.l.,u,l„f<i,i|,tll M,i>:ull l..-.|mk,.n. 
 Aii'l ••>' llu'Haiiir hloiiil l«l«M.||Mit(liaiK.f 
 'I'lial OiDUiiiMt riiiii) III! luiitftT at lartft." 
 
 ft).-ThiM U tliocluliiut,..! •' H3 .•.Ptttl...tic"f,.,., of Sir Iviielni 
 Ihahy. It conHiHtcl in api-iviny u ci-.taiu - sy.i.pathotic 
 iM.wclur to tl.o weapon that lia.l cans,.! th., wo.in.l ii.st.u.l of 
 thu wo,.,..l its..lf : tho latf.r was ......viy k.pt clean an-l cool. 
 
 Sir K.nd... |.n.f..n,l...| that 1... l.a.l loaru.-.l tJ.in uwt\u„\ of cure 
 from a (.arua-lito friur who J.a.l l.a. uud it in Arinema ..r J'«,Hm 
 I J.rtHun.o that tho su.ecsH aHcrilH-.l to the 8yn.,.utheti,; n,.H|.. 
 of trnatn.out might uHso frun. tho paiun l....tovM..l i„ washiuif 
 
 tho WOU...I, and oxclu.liuij tho air, thu« bringing on u cnv l.y 
 tho i.r^t ...tout.on. It is introduce,! l.y Dryd.n in th. h'..,;,a„f„l 
 J^'unf, a (Vfry iinn.^cossary) alteration of tho 7', „,j„st .-- 
 ' .«»/'/. Aiioiiii III...W01-.1 wlii.h pirnt..! |,i,„ Mill, ,,,|^ 
 \V.i.|M.i. siilM. an.l wrai.il il.,.„. fii.nniir. 
 Till I liavc'liiiifio \Kii liiiiia«aiii.' .I,t '\ . sr. 2. 
 
 " Again, in s,...nr Itl., Miranda ..nt.-rs with iri,,,..,i:to-s nw.jrd 
 wru).t lip : — 
 
 * //(■/<. •> Miy wimiiil jKiiiis II, I- ! 
 
 .\lir. la,.. ,.„,,...,.. ,.a.o yuu. |.s7... „„„.,•„/,. //„• .„,„.,,. 
 
 ////'. Alas. I f,.,.lll„■,•,•l,|i,iI•,•ol..,■|ul.l.•; 
 M.\ Willi. Ill kIiimiIs WiiiNc lliati i'\ XT. 
 
 .1//.". \U,cH it si ill Kiicvo you / 
 
 ... -. , \^''> "'/"Xilliil )iitin„l.i tfi, .sirnrit 
 
 n>l>. Now. ...Hliinks. lll.•l•.•sMH..,.Il,in^rlai.|.j„s „ j,. 
 
 Mir. J)i>.Miii fill, I ,„, ,.,,,. / 
 
 ///.". V'-. y,.s: ll|M..l 111.; Mi.l.h.,1. ill this . ,i„ 
 Is having,' .„... .Suet lu-avuii. how 1 an. isr.l ! ' ■ s, ,,it. 
 
 Pjijre r>«, 1. -A night and a day. is,.o Sctts j'r..facH 
 
 pngo llti, and tho 'Jinio-Analysi.-*, pa-o 1 17.1 
 
 Deloraino no douht rocoverod at tho end of t},o night and 
 day. On pago 92, lino M, tho l.adyo boliove.s tho charn, has 
 been successlul; and on page !»7 ho appears "a half-naka! 
 ghastly man," u ho has rathor ovorslei.t hin.solf. But on pa-o 
 100 ho Id well enough to coinposo a 2Mino epitaph. ° 
 
C.\srn Tir. 
 
 JO.. 
 
 B.— Tlio followiiijf an- th.. ('hit.f 
 
 Tl 
 
 in«» iiitfhtH aid tlir..|, ,| 
 
 ♦•' miirkH that iii.li,.Hto thr 
 
 Putf.. II.- "Tho f..«Mt was ..v.T in nrank.o.,M. tnu,.,- " 
 5i-.~" Who,, If.un.-k I... ,.,M....| |.;i,| «„,„.,, ^„„^ 
 ^ Now niMnight, liu„U «».,.. i„ Ar..|r..-n s,,,,./" 
 
 &«.-••. N. pasMwl tliodiv, fh.t ..v.-ni,,.' f..|| " 
 
 '»".— .\»>.| .•.■.■Icorii.t vvui tlio I |> ,,f ,li,v " 
 
 '*•*■ — I ho Httt, H d«H'lini„g ray." 
 
 H!>. -"Sin, vi.'w.I ,ho <fa\v,iiiig ,lay." 
 
 ll«.-*' U),,',' Lcioro tln'si,iki„j;,I,iy." 
 
 20 -western star. v....,,.. ti voni„g .,.,.. v...,.h wan 
 
 Tim pa,., uu.l M,n r,r-t, oi,!,, |i,,., ,.„ ,.a... -.7 un, ,.h.w..„ hv 
 eirroy fo.- spocal r..,„,w.k an an .-xampl., ,.f tl,.. " pro-li..;,.,,. 
 .mpr..v..,„o.,t uhi,.h thn sry... ..f tl.o ..I.| ,...„.,„..., ^ ^LpaM , . 
 
 an.l go,, 1., a,ro.:t,i..,.s. Tl.o o,r....t of M.o pi..„„-o i. ,X 
 
 :;::t;, '^ "'- "•"•^-^ -^ •- ^- < M.u,-rn...„u. p.... a.,:, 
 
 AsparaUoIpa^aif.,., th„op,.„i,.. |i„.., ,f ,{„„., ,,,^.. 
 thost,an.as„oartl.ooI..o.,f />„../..„,,'„,„„ ,,1. ■ .„„,,„,,.: 
 
 ia a bridal -Houir lic-'inii 
 
 11,1 
 
 ^cspor adost," cti 
 
 Piitfo ."iT, I.— cresset. A 
 
 polo, uHcd as a lamp. Ci 
 
 0.— seneschal, stc 
 
 II ( 
 
 ■n 
 
 a,id xhilL.t, a si 
 
 Iiicf s 
 
 pohoriMip at tli(. top (,f 
 
 ;/,/, 
 
 frill I . 
 
 wart, ( 
 
 i.*i.— bale of flre. A 
 
 rvaiit. Ooiiipaio maiNiial. 
 
 ■rvatit. (Jdtli 
 
 •M. 
 
 Mioant any gi-oat firo, .-i Id 
 
 /"«/' is a I'oai-on-firo. Ori-inall 
 
 l>l 
 
 IZIllg p!l 
 
 Hzin- fir... Kntiroly .Hstinct Irom l.al 
 
 A.S. /»/,/, Scaii.l. I.iil. 
 
 y If. 
 
 evil, and hale, to etnpty. 
 
 il'", a package, l»al«« 
 
 Tlie liordor 1 
 
 foi-med a sort of tol.-'rapl 
 
 )oacons. from their numbi 
 
 •or and position, 
 
 Tho Act of I'arliattu-nt I \:^r^ 
 
 pliu! oommunic.uion with Kdiu!.!!r"J 
 
 fa 
 
 got sliall Ito warnin"- of tl 
 
 ■1. c. IH, diroots tliMt, ono l.al 
 
 manner ; two bales, that they 
 
 «J approach of the Kn^li-il 
 
 o «)r 
 
 gii-*li in any 
 
 a,-o iioinimi iiulixl ; four bales 
 
 ffi 
 
20G 
 
 NOTKS. 
 
 blazing besi.le each otlior, that tho enemy are in groat force. 
 Those iHmcona (at least in latter times) were a 'long 
 and strong tree set up, with a long iron polo across tho head of 
 it, and an iron brander fixod on a stalk in tho middle of it, for 
 holding a tar-barrel.'— Stovenson'a Jll-fory, vol. ii. p. 701."— 
 
 S(H)TT. 
 
 10.- scout. To spy, to roconnoitrc! ; I^at. iiiisni/fnn, to 
 listen, Fr. t'coiito: 
 
 17.— Mount for BrankSOme was the gathering word of the 
 Scotts. Tho whole description of tlio gathering of tho Scotts 
 and their allies maybe comi.ared with that in the B<»rder 
 ballad olJawte Ti/jW, given in tho Jinnhr MiHMr<l<!i :— 
 
 " Gar warn the water, braid and wide. 
 Gar warn it snnc and hast ilie ! 
 They that winna ride fur Ti-lfm-'s kyc 
 L(!l. thcni never look in the face o' nic ! 
 
 Warn Wat o' Ilartlcn and his sons, 
 \W them will Horlhwiek Water ride : 
 
 Warn Gandilands, anil Allanhaufih, 
 And Gilnianselenjfh, and C'ominonsidc. 
 
 Hide by the VTAtc at I'ricsthanKhswire. 
 
 And warn the ("nrors o" the Lee ; 
 As yt! enm down the Ilennitatre Slaek, 
 
 Warn doughty Willie o' Gorrinherry. 
 
 Tho Scotts they nidc, the Scotts they ran. 
 
 Sac starkly and sae steadilie ! 
 And aye the ow(>r-word o' the thranjr 
 
 Was—* Rise for Hrank-ome readilit- ! ' " 
 
 24. -the warden of the Scotch Marches, not the warden of 
 the castle, as on the preceding page, lino '20. 
 
 2f>. — "The speed with which tho Borderers collected groat 
 bmlies of horse, may bo judged of from the following extract, 
 when the subject of the rising was much loss important than 
 that supposed in tho romance. It is taiion from Carey's 
 Mtmoifs : — 
 
 " 'Upon tho death of tho old Lord Scroop, tho Queen gave 
 tho west wardonry to his son, that had married my sister. Ho 
 having received that office;, came to me with great earnestness, 
 and desired mo to be his deputy, offering mo that T should live 
 with him in his house; that ho would allow me half a dozen 
 men, and as many horses, to be kept at his charge ; and his fee 
 
Canto ITI. 
 
 207 
 
 being 1000 merks yearly, he would part it with nio, and I sliould 
 liave the half. Tiiia his noMo ulFor I accepted of, and went 
 with him t«> Carlisle ; where I w;is no sooner come, l>ut I entered 
 into my ottice. We hud a stirring time of it; and few days 
 past over my head but I was on horseltack, (dthur to prevent 
 mischief, or take malefactors, and to bring the Biirder in better 
 quiet than it had been iu times past. One memorable thing uf 
 God's mercy shewed uutt* mo, was such as I have good cause 
 still to remember it. 
 
 'I had private intelligence given me, that there were two 
 Scottishmen that had killed a churchman in Scotland, and 
 were by one of the Gnemes relieved. This Gneme dwelt within 
 five miles of drlisle. Ho had a pretty house, and cIoho by it a 
 strong tower, for his own defence in time of need. About two 
 o'clock in the morning, I took horse in Carlisle, and not above 
 twenty-five in my company, thinking to suriaise the house on a 
 sudden. Before I could surround the house, the two Scots 
 were gotten in the strong tower, and I could see a boy riding 
 from the house as fast as his horse could carry him ; I little 
 suspecting what it meant. But Tliomas ('arleton came to me 
 presently, and told me, that if I did not presently prevent it, 
 both myself and all my cotnpany would be either slain or taken 
 prisoners. It was strange to me to hear this language. He 
 then said to me, " Do you see that boy that rideth away so 
 fast? He will bo in Scotland within this half hour; and he 
 is gone to let them know that you are here, and to what end 
 you are come, and the small number you have with you; and 
 that if they will make huste, on a sudden Uiev may surprise us, 
 and do with us what they please." Hereupon wo took advice 
 what was V)est to be done. We sent notice presently to all 
 parts to raise the country, and to come to us with all the speed 
 they could ; and withal we sent to Carlisle to raiso the towns- 
 men; for without foot we could do no good against the tower. 
 There we staid some hours, expecting more comjiany ; and 
 within short time after the country came in on all sides, so 
 tliat we were quickly between three and four hundred horse; 
 and, after some longer stay, the foot of Carlisle came to us, to 
 the number of throe or four hundred men ; whom we presently 
 set to work to get to the top of the tower, and to uncover the 
 roof; and then some twenty of them to fall down together, and 
 by that means to win the tower. The Scots, seeing their 
 
208 
 
 Notes. 
 
 present danger, ofTereii to parley, and yielded themselves to my 
 mere- They had no sooner opened the iron gate, and yielded 
 them ves my prisoners, hut wo might see 400 hirse within a 
 iiuartur of a mile coming to their rescue, and to surprise me 
 and my small company ; but of a sudden they stayed, and stood 
 at gaze. Then had I more to do than ever; for all our 
 B(»rderers camo crj'in;^, with full mouths, ''Sir, give us leave 
 to set upon them ; for these are they that have killed our 
 fathers, our brothers, and uncles, and our cousins ; and they 
 are coming, thinking to surprise you, upon weak grass nags, 
 such as they could get on a sudden ; and Hod hath put them 
 into your hands, that we may talro revenge of them for much 
 blood that they have spilt of ours." I desired they wtmld be 
 patient a while, and bethought myself, if I should give them 
 their will, there would be few or none of the Scots that would 
 escape unkilled (there were so many deadly fouds among them) ; 
 and therefore I resolved with myself to give them a fair answer, 
 but not to give them their desire. So I told them, that if I 
 were not there myself, they might then do what tliey pleased 
 themselves; but being present, if I should give them leave, the 
 blood that sliould be spilt that day would lie very hard upon 
 my conscience. And tlie'i-fore I desired them, for my sake, to 
 forbear : and, if tlie Scots did not presently make away with all 
 the speed they could, upon my sending to them, they should 
 then have their wills to do what they pleased. They were ill 
 satisfied with my answer, but durst not disobey. 1 sent with 
 speed to the Scots, and bade them pack away with all the speed 
 they could ; for if they stayed the messenger's return, they 
 sliould few of them return to their own home. They made no 
 stay ; but they were returned homewards before the messenger 
 had made an end of his message. Thus, by fJod's mercy, I 
 escaped a great dai'ger ; and, by my means, there were a great 
 many ifien's lives saved that day.' "—Scott. 
 
 Pag^e *>8, 3. — Veitch tells us that a bale-firo lighted in the 
 evening carried its tidings so swiftly that "at tlieFireburn near 
 Coldstream, by early morning ten thousand armed men have 
 been known to meet together at a single place of rendezvous." 
 
 Pag'C r>{). 7. — tarn. A small lake among the mountains, 
 often without outlet. 
 
 8. — earn. The golden ea'^le or tiie osproy. 
 
Canto III. 
 
 209 
 
 — cairn. " Tlio cairns, or piles of looso stones, wliicli cmwn 
 tlio sutnniit of mostof our Scottish li 11 Is, and are f«»iinil in other 
 remarkal)lo situations, seem usually, thoii'jh not universally, 
 to have been sepulchral monuments. Six flat stones are corn- 
 monly found in the centre, forming a cavity of greater or 
 smaller dimensions, in which an urn is often placed. The 
 autlioris possessed of one, discovered beneath an immense cairn 
 at Koughlee, in Liddesdale. It is of the most barbarous con- 
 struction ; the middle of the substance alouo having l)een sub- 
 jected to the fire, over which, when hardened, the artist had 
 laid an inner and outer coat of unbaked clny, etched with some 
 ven rude ornaments, bis skill apparently being inadequate 
 to baking the vase when completely finished. The contents 
 were bones and ashes, and a quantify of beads made of coal. 
 This seems to have been a barbarous imitation of the Roman 
 fashion of sepulture." — Scott. 
 
 12. — Law. Hill ; A.S. hlmr, a mound. Those were two 
 beacon hills in Berwick. 
 
 13.— the Regent's order. I'he Karl of Arran was Regent 
 for Mary Queen of Scots until l"j.", I, during ht^r absence in 
 France, which lasted from I'llS to 15<)1. After 1551 her 
 mother, Mary of fJuise, was the Regent. Mary (iuccu of Scots 
 was born 1512, became Queen of Franco 1550 .■ widow 15(i0, 
 Queen of Scotland 1561, she fled to England 15ii8, and was 
 executed 1587. 
 
 bOWne, or boun, to make ready, prepare. It still survives 
 in such expressions as "homeward bound," '• bound for Lon- 
 don." etc. 
 
 I 
 
 P.iaro 0(), 2. -massy stone and iron bar. Those wore 
 
 pile<l up on the walls t.o be liiirled douu on assailants. Some- 
 times tliey W(!re shot from springaids, liugo crossbows that 
 rtisembled the Roman catapults. 
 
 ;?. — keep. The strongest i)art of the castle, designed to witii- 
 staud a long siege. 
 
 1!^. — Tho Leven is cm the west, the Tyno on tlie east side of 
 England. Tynedale, valley of HieTyni'; M.E. »/'//« , Kan. <lnl. 
 • Jer. thai. Compare didlar ami thaler. 
 
 black-mail. Money exacted T>y outlaws from landowners 
 along the Border in return for protection from robbery, lllmh, 
 14 
 
210 
 
 NoTKS. 
 
 I 
 
 if : 
 
 ii ! 
 
 1 1- 
 
 • ... 
 
 evil, sinister, as seen in 1>laok-lfg, Mack-guanl ; wiaiV, rent, 
 A.S. 7nn/i'. 
 
 Nototlifi condoiisation, simi)1icit.3' ami pathonof tlio Interluilo. 
 The soft jilliteriitioii suits tlio touch of |>ity excited hy the 
 sadnesj* and isolation of the ngtul Bard. 
 
 "Nothing can exc!<d the simpio concise pathos of the close of 
 this Canto — nor tlio touching pictviro of the Bard, when, with 
 assumed hnsuiits, ho tries to conceal real sorrow. How well the 
 poet understands the art of contrast — and how judiciously it is 
 exerted in the exordium of the next Canto, where our mourning 
 sympathy is exchanged for the thrill of pleasure!" — Miss 
 Seward. 
 
 A f ter Deloraine's combat and the loss of the young heir of 
 Buccl(Mich, tht! attack of the PiUglish hast*>ns the catastrophe 
 and brings us to tho main turning point in the action of the 
 poem. 
 
 In reviewing the preceding part of the poem, which com- 
 prises within it most of the author's salient characteristics, it 
 may be useful to read it once for u special study of the 
 
 VOCABULARY. 
 
 1. — The proftnrfinn of cfnioiieal irnrds to vntirc irorth may be 
 noted. Some of Scott's numbers are nlmost pvire Saxon and 
 nearly monosyllabic. Examjles: Page 11, lino I'jand following 
 verses; page lO, lines 5-25 ; and pp. 53 and 61. At otlier times, 
 when he is describing the arms, customs, officers, etc., brought 
 over from France, his vocabulary grows largely classical. The 
 same thing happens when the rites of the church Iiave to be 
 mentioned or when law terms are required. Examples, page 
 17, lines 11 and following; page 33, from lino 17. Compare 
 Deloraine's words on page 21 with his utterance on page 32. 
 Architectural details are given chiefly in words of classical 
 
 The laws, customs, ceremonies, military and ecclesiastical 
 systems of the Normans account for iiiost^ of these words. The 
 usual proportion of classical words in modern English is from 
 20 to 30 per cent. 
 
 2. — The. nrchnixniH awl oh.'whte vior<U use<l by Scott are numer- 
 ous and evidently meant to give the poem an antique air. 
 
Canto I IF. 
 
 211 
 
 M 
 ? 
 
 Some of them are merely archaic spellings imitaU.l from 
 Sponsor, such as L,„I,,>, vlhssr, h,„rtlH, ; ethers aro iu,i,. ..lately 
 obsolete, sucli as whmax, irilhni, nx»f, Uxhr, »; ,„nf, oirch, .-tc. 
 
 3.— We find a copious use liore and th.r.. of n-on'., nwiinui. i„ 
 l>ottic diction, such as hrnud, st,,d, .//vs, m„/«, ,j„n, lid,, etc. 
 
 •1 — Besi.les these we have a dlsiinvtl,, Sroffi.Hh tlnnnd which 
 apparently consi ts of Saxon wordn that have survived in the 
 old kin-<lom of Strathclyde, where a large i.n)p..iti„u of tlie 
 people are "more English than the English." never having 
 suffered from foreign invasions Ui any extent. Such are 
 fxhtst, howm, kttp, drit, hum, tryM, etc. 
 
 Ty. — Krlllc vords, such as llni, si,,,,,,,,, ,,„li;„rd, r/„i/,„or>, ,j/n>, 
 etc., which come from the Highlands of the north. 
 
 CONDENSATION AND DIFFUSENESS. 
 
 In connection with the lang.iago employed in the poem, wo 
 may note examples of marked brevity and of studious ampli- 
 fication and repetition. There is an economy in brevity as 
 well as an impressive effect tliiit is often artistic. At page 23, 
 lines 29-34, and page 20, lines 1 18, wo find terse passages which 
 we may compare with others that are obviously lengthened out 
 for a purpose. (See pages 21 and U.) Tliis deliberate con- 
 ciseness is often the result of (a) A haj.,,;/ rhoia. of a .si,„,lE word, 
 (/>) Comjioniidiiit; vord,^, {,■) The use of a,;,rdi„nti„,,, ],rJ,,.fi,l 
 and other epllh,ts, ^d] The Ui^oofth,' j^trfin/,i,d r„„.^/n,ctio„, ,■) The 
 use of the ahrid,jtd mntaire and ofcwd.nsi,,,,,),,,,,; .-< o/.^jn^tch. We 
 may easily select examples as wo review the poem. 
 
 Sometimes a pleasing effect is secured in oratory and in 
 poetry by intentional ditfusfuess and th,; itcnition of the 
 same or of similar thoughts and shades of meaning. Tlie text 
 on pages 45 and 4<i will serve to exemplify several of the arti- 
 fices that produce amplification. The chief modes are the use 
 '*'■ W) Syuoiiyiiujiui word.-< find //Am^.s which are som(;times bi- 
 lingual, (,j) Rrdiinduiit n„d iihoiKislIc t.t/„;..^sio„s, (h) I'hras, ■<, lomj 
 dan>^tH or ereii ,rh(At ■stntuin.s ,r/o re a ■■^iii,jh u'ord or a v>.ri//,w Irord.., 
 >ro,i/d mr convey the literal mecuing. Occasionally this 
 
 leads to 'it digression .jud introduces details not strictly 
 
 uuucssarj . .ho maUer ui^Jer consideration, but still serving 
 to attract attention and give j)leasuro by creating a seccmdary 
 interest. We find examples for study on p.iges iVJ and 59. 
 
 111 
 
 Ir 
 
 " m 
 
 ^ 
 
I 
 
 212 
 
 NoTKS. 
 
 11 
 
 "4 ■ 
 
 i I' 
 
 ART EMOTIONS. 
 
 The various aesthetic interests of the poi-m dcHorvo uttL-ntion. 
 We may give the preceding cuiitos a siu-cial reading to ohstrvo 
 carolully how Scott handles (X-) fii/hf, colour, aud ^omiil. It is 
 generally believed that his ear for music was ratlur defective 
 and that his eye for light and shade and delicate tones of color 
 was one of the very best. Wo can easily cull passages that 
 will help us to study these three points, (f) The music of j,<h tri/, 
 which includes melody and harmony. Music excludes discoid 
 and harshness except under very rare circumstances. In 
 poetry the satisfaction of tlio oar demands the elimination of 
 letters, syllaldes, and words or their combinations that are not 
 euphonious. Good metre and perfect rhymes support the 
 general melody. Of course, the proper test is to read the poem 
 aloud and continuously. In The Lny it is often necessary to 
 give the Scotch •' burr " to bring out the proi)er etTect ; but tlie 
 music is very unequal. In a few passages the melody is nearly 
 perfect, the metre and the rlij-thm being w(!dded to the thought 
 and the feeling. Even where harsh combinations and bad 
 rhymes occur the dissonance is often relieved by the energetic 
 flow and masculine force of the narration. Pages t>(), 40, and 
 21 afford examples of Scott's melody at its best. 
 
 Harmony implies adaptation and includes intentional dis- 
 coid as well as music. A few notes of discord are s(jnietinies 
 thrown in to heighten by contrast the finest j)assages of music; 
 but our greatest composers of music and poetry carefully 
 avoid harsh sounds unless for the purpose of contrast or of 
 imitation. The priiicipal examples of harmony in poetry 
 occur when {m) ihe .soiiiid ichois ih< .v<«.sr, as on i)ages 20, .SI, 52, 
 and 57. 
 
 (h) Th mnrfnifnt of the ruse inilfn/i i w of inn, ease or lUfficnlty, 
 (jladmxn or .sorrow, ami (he like. Thus on page 21 we have 
 dancing and mourning, and on page 25 tlie galloping of ahorso. 
 On page 59 the clang of armor and the peal of the alarm-bell, 
 and on page 43 the "dwarfish ape," are described in words that 
 aro intentionally discordant, and in lines thatkeo)) time to the 
 bell and to the patter of the goldin's leet. So also on i>age 52 
 we have a movenu^nt suggesting the rapid bounds of the dog as 
 well as his punctuated baying. 
 
Canto TV. 
 
 213 
 
 [jt) Til) htiti'i m< lit mill Ihi sniniil nfth, 
 
 eittuia fiiiiiM ofjiil'ni,!. TliUH tho firnt liii.M *i tlio pr.-liid 
 rtlouly ill liuiviK.iiy with the Umv\ 
 
 '/» r< rif fif/i/romtihii to xiiifijiMf 
 u iMiive 
 
 iiioss, poverty, and 
 that cxeito our pity. On pages Hi o.jvl 17 again wo fin-l a light 
 !iu<l joN'ous movuiiient coinbincd with tho rising iiiHoction ami 
 inoloilious wonU whlcli exactly suit,! tho »loscri|.tion of victorious 
 love. 
 
 As wo go on «tu<lying Seott's art wo nioet with (7) Tfit 
 liifinst 0/ e/iuiiir/ir, wliicli includes among other things de- 
 lineation, development with time, contrast and interaction 
 with other i)ersonages in tho poem. 
 
 (/•) Thiiinlirist. of /.Inf mul .•.hi/mii.sc. Tho first recjuires com- 
 pli<tati()ii, resolution, and a satisfactory close, while the second 
 di'tiiands skilful distrihution of tho details, proper light and 
 sha<le, and, most diflieult of all, successful transitions from one 
 unit of tho narrative to the next. 
 
 (s) ViirioiiH fiflniiis i.rr!f,if, such as compassion, love, sorrow, 
 sympathy with niituio, admiration of l.eauty, coura-o and 
 strength, contempt of uglin.'ss, c(.wardi(!o and weakness; fear, 
 joy, patriotism and reverential awe. Tho Minstrel, Lord 
 Walter, tho Ladyo, :\largarct, tho young heir, Deloraino, and 
 Cranstoun supply a rich study in action and feeling. 
 
 
 It:; 
 
 CANTO IV. 
 
 PjlK'W <>— . — '■ Some of the most interesting })assages of tho 
 poem aro those in wlii.-h the autlior drops tho business of his 
 story to moralize, and apidy to his own situation tlio images 
 and reflections it lias sii;,'-esied. After concluding one Canto 
 with an account of tho warlike array which was prepared for 
 tho reception of tlie Knglish invaders, ho opens the succeeding 
 one with tho following beautiful verses. . . . There are 
 several other detached passages of ocjual beauty, which might 
 be .juoted in proof of tlio elTect which is ])roduced hy this 
 dramatic interference of the narrator." — Jkkkkkv. 
 
 '" The first two stanzas niavservo asa reminder of tho ehano-o 
 that.Scott iutrodu(;ed upon the reilective poetry of th(! eighteenth 
 century. The Minstrers strain of reflection is an echo of 
 Rogers' Pltasn,x.so/ Munory, whoso elegant musings on tlie past 
 
 *. -i 
 
 mk 
 
214 
 
 NoTK«. 
 
 a i 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 1 
 
 : 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 . i 
 
 
 J 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 had Homo Hharo in forming Scott's historic nontimont. But thf 
 rofloctiuus of Kogers aro oltstract, detached from individaal 
 human iiitorest, common to humanity. Hero, on tho other 
 hand, we liave not moruly reflections in general on tho changes 
 that time brings, but iMsrsonal emotion, tho touclung retrospect 
 of an individual man, with joys and griefs of his own to 
 remember, awakened as in real life by casual incidents. This 
 exhibition of warm personal emotion, sot in a moving stream 
 of life, was one of tho novelties of The Lay, and one of tho main 
 secrets of its effect."— Minto. 
 
 Observe tho contrast between tho calm serenity of those first 
 two numliers and tho stir and bustle tlint follow. The Ihiiml 
 allittmtion of tho opening lines is a sample of the workmanship 
 Scott could produce when he took the necessary time and pains 
 —which ho seldom did. These fine overtures in The Lay, Mar- 
 mion, The Lailyofthe. Lake, and The Lonl of the l^lta aro highly 
 appreciated by most of Scott's readers. 
 
 PlWe 6.'1, H.— Great Dundee. " The Viscount of Dundee, 
 sluin in the battle of Killiecrankio " t^-fuly 27, 1689).— S«'ott. 
 This was .John Graham of Claverhouse, a zealous royalist, cele- 
 brated as a relentless opponent of tlio Scottish Covenanters, 
 lie was killed by a musket-ball. Lines 2, 8 supply an answer 
 to tho question of lines 1, 2, page tJI. 
 
 11.— pathless marsh and mountain cell. '• The morasses 
 
 were tho usual refuge of the Border herdsmen on the approach 
 of an English army. Caves hewn in most dangerous and in- 
 accessible places also afforded an occasional retreat."— Soott. 
 
 23. — Watt Tinlinn. "This person was, m my younger days, 
 the theme of many a fireside tale. Ho was a retainer of tho 
 Buccleuch family, and held for ins Border service a small tower 
 on tho frontiers of LiiMesdale. Watt was, by profession, a 
 mtor (cobbler), but, by inclination and practice, an archer and 
 wat-rior." — Scott. 
 
 27.— Saint Barnabrlght. The festival of St. Barnabas, 
 June 11th, whieh in the old style, before tho revision of 1582, 
 was taken as the longest day in the year. 
 
 Pagre 04, l.— yeoman. Accented on tl econd syllable 
 hero. "The dawn displays the smoke of rav..„ed fields, and 
 shepherds, with their flocks, flying before the storm Tidings 
 
t'ASTU IV. 
 
 L'ir> 
 
 brought l>y a tonant ot tim fiimily, not uho<I tc» sook a shelter on 
 light oocBrtion of alarm, discloso tlio Btrt-n-tli tin<l oltjtct of thv 
 invudors. Thin inaii is a character of n lowir and rougher 
 cast than Di-loraino. Tho portrait of tho riido ri'taintr u 
 skutchtMl with tho same masterly hum!. lino a-'ain, Mr. 
 Scott has trod in tho footsteps of tho old romancers, wlioom- 
 fino themselves not to the display of a few personajjos who 
 stalk over tho stage on stately stilts, but usually reflret all the 
 varieties of character that marked the era to which they la-long. 
 Tho interesting example of manners thus preserved to us, is not 
 thoonly advantage which results fn.m this p<-culiiir structure 
 of their plan. It is this, amongst other circumstances, which 
 enables them to carry us along witli them, under I know not 
 what species of fascination, ond to niako us, as it were, 
 credulous spectotors of their luost extravagant scenes. In tliis 
 they seem to resemble tho painter, who, in tho delim-ation of a 
 battle, while ho places tho adverse heroes of tho day combating 
 in tho front, takes care to fill his backgn.und with subordinate 
 figures, wlioso appearance adds at once both spirit and an iiir 
 of probability to tho scone. "— T/if; Crifini/ /,', /•/, //• (180')). 
 
 6. — Hag. " Tho broken ground in a bog."— Scorr. 
 
 6.— BiUhope. In Liddesdah", famous for game. 
 
 9.— Silver brooch and bracelet. "As the Borderers wen- 
 indifferent about tho furniture of their habitations, so much 
 exposed to be burned and pluntlered, they were proportionately 
 anxious to display splendor in decorating and ornamenting 
 their females." — Scott. 
 
 13.— Morion, i 
 
 J pen 
 
 nfior. 
 
 Page 65, 7.— Belted Will Howard. "Lord William 
 
 Howard, third son of Thomas, Duko of Norfolk. succeede<l to 
 Naworth Castle, and a largo domain annexed to it. in right of 
 his wife Elizabeth, sister of George Lord Dacre, who died with- 
 out heirs-malo in tho 11th of (iuecn Elizabeth. By a poetical 
 anachronism, ho is introduced into the romance a few years 
 earlier than he actually flouri<hed. He was wardi^n of Dw. 
 Western Marches; and, froiu tlie rig^r with wliich he repressed 
 tho Border excesses, tho name of Belted Will Howard is still 
 famous in our traditions." — Scott. 
 
 Pi 
 
 rfi 
 
 
21G 
 
 >iuTlM. 
 
 »;1 
 
 8.— Lord Dacre. Tho namo is (torivud from tliooxploltn of 
 ouo of his aiitumtiini at tho Hivgo of Acro, or I'Uili'iiiaiH, tiinlfr 
 Richard I., lliU. (.So« pago 78, 21, it .^^.j 
 
 9.-The German. " in tho wurs with Scotland, Houry VIII. 
 and lii* succoHHor* otii ployed nuniorous bunds of nifrci-'naiy 
 troops. At tho battlo of Pinky, thoro woro in tho Enjflish urmy 
 six hundred hiickbuttiTson foot and two hundred on horHobuck, 
 composed chiefly of foreigners." — .'Sf(»TT. 
 
 H.—Walt evidently thinks it romiirkablo that his house has 
 not Vu-en burnt for a year, which yivi-s a glimpse of the free- 
 booting that was carriotl on in Lidtiesdule. 
 
 20.— ScrOgg. A thicket of scraggy buslies, a xltmr. 
 
 23-21.— Pastern's night. The ev.» of tlio great Fast of 
 Lent, Shrovo Tuesday, or day of nhriniiij. 'I'lio day was kept as 
 a carnival, and Fergus had evidently iKson improving tho time 
 to finish liis depredations Ixjforo tho sanctities of tho Fast com- 
 menced. Line 23 implies that from Shrovo Tuesday (March or 
 April) to Michaelmas (.Sept. 29th), is a long timo to delay re- 
 taliation. (See page 23, line 25, and page 80, line 8.) 
 
 Pnjre ««, 3.— silver wave. (See page 41, lino 9.) Tho 
 Yarrow drains tho lake. See Wordsworth's three jjoems on 
 that stream of tlio Scottish miiso. For a fine description of the 
 lake we may turn to Scott's Mumiioii, introduction toCantoII. : 
 
 "Oft it) my mind siu-h thois^'hts awuke, 
 Hy lone .St. Mary's milenl lake; 
 Thim know'sl il well,— nor fen, nor si'ilye, 
 
 rollulo the pare lake's crystal eilKe; 
 Altriipt and slieer, the monntains sink 
 M onee upon tluj level brink; 
 And Jnst a tnicu of silver sand 
 Marks where tiie water meets the land. 
 Kar in Xhv mirror, hriKht. and blue. 
 Each hill's linyo outline! ynii may view; 
 Shii^'Ky with heatl:, hut lontly hare. 
 N'or tree, nor hush, nor brake, is th 
 Save where, of l.ind. yon slender lini 
 Bears thwart th(> lake the scattered pine. 
 Yet even this imkediiess has power. 
 And aids the feeliny of the hour." 
 
 7.— tressured. The pseudo-participle. Tim trtss,,,; was a 
 laced border round a shield, a flat binding of threads inter- 
 laced (tressed, plaited). 
 
Camo IV 
 
 •J I 
 
 (•ornpuro thin K'itl»'«-ilig of fl... clanH tn ,,r..t,.,f, IJiankHomi. 
 with the gutluTJiig in Th, h,,!,, .,/th. iMh.Vauto ill : — 
 
 " Kiuh viiiliy. «'(uii M>i|iicsti'n>i| kU-ii. 
 Xlii-hr.il its liitli! ImiiiIc of iiH'ti, 
 Thai iiirl 11^ ItiiTciiiH rtuiii till- luiu'lil 
 In llitcliliiiitl «Jii|cs llicir j-lnaiiiM iiiiiio. 
 Hiill KiUliciliij,', as tiny iHMiraliini:. 
 A \iiiri! iiiiti-f luiiil. 11 ijijc iiioii' ^troiitr. 
 Till al (lie ri-iiili'/viiii-i tlicy -.tiMMl 
 lly liiimlriils |'i-<ttii|>t fur lilim^ ii.i.l IiIimnI 
 l-Juli Iraiiii'il III ai-rii-i siiirr lifi- iM'u'an, 
 Owinu' no tin liiil In \\U clan. 
 Ni) iKilll, liill liy liJH cliirlliiiii', Iiaml, 
 No law, but llodcrick DIiuh coiuiuand," 
 
 i''- An il{fed knitfht. W.iltor Sc.tt, Watt, ..l ll tr.lun, 
 uucost..!- <.f f,ho p..ut. Ho was a luiiownwl fiediooter. 
 
 PiiHre «7, 1.— azure, niuo coi<.r on a siih.M; //,/,/, t,ii.. 
 
 surfiico of tho shiol.1, which in tiiis cusu was y.lluw. 
 
 ;». — bend. In tho armn of Huccloiich tin;. //./</ wan gol-icn; 
 al.liio/wWor stripe crosso.l this .lia-onally from up|..r ri-lit 
 to lower loft; ami on tho bou.l was a guldt-u star of si\ jioints 
 iM-twoun two golden cies.;..uts. (S.n page 22, lino 25, whieh 
 .l.K-s not agree exactly witli lino '1 li.r.'.) Tlio m.-anin-j U that 
 tho cognizance of the Scotts was emhlazon.d in l.luo on tho 
 bright yellow surface of tho shield. 
 
 1 1.— The Flower. Afary Scott, .laughUr of Philip Scott of 
 Dryhopo. (See page 120.) 
 
 From page 07, lino 2 1, to pag(> 70, lino 2, w.. Jmvi- an .'pisodt- 
 or digression wliieli tells how tii.^ S.-oiis l.t-caiii.- lorlsof Ksk 
 <lule. Such digressions «.ciMir in ciic poetry, and sriinttiines 
 occupy largo space. These lin.s w.re not in the (ii.,t edition, 
 and Phillpotts thinks " both style and measure aro far below 
 tile rest of tho Canto." 
 
 Pagro «8, 2.— llege-lord. Fnv or independent lord, 
 Nvhich came later to mean faithful, loyal Imxl, and also feudal 
 lord. Tho latter is tiu; meaning h.ic? and on page •;:•. line 1. 
 
 1.— Homage. Tlio acknowlodgmcnt of a f.-udal tenant 
 mauo to hi.- udal lord, that ho was liis ),i<>:i uv vassal. 
 
 seigniory. Tho power and riglit of a feudal lord. 
 
 o.— galliard. A bold and gay gallant. 
 
 •'"i 
 
2IM 
 
 Not KM. 
 
 'hI 
 
 I I 
 
 herlOt. A trtlmto oxnotixl by n lord on th«) doath nf hU 
 tonaiit. A.H. htrt^, an ortny ; rjrahi^ apparul; lu-iico littrully 
 tiiilitary apparul, oquipmuat, w)iiuh ufxu tlie tUutU of Dim 
 tonuut OHolieatod to hi« lurd. A f tcrwardn thiit included huno)*, 
 etc. It i» ono furiii uf tuiuiru by oupyhuld. 
 
 ft.— trow, iteliuvu, tliiuk. Cuiii|<uru tnn, truth, tn^h, Inter, 
 Ini-tl, truiU. 
 
 23 —oast. A flight of hawkft, an many u-* would Ikj lootu'd 
 upon tho gamo ut thu Munio tiiiiu. 
 
 25.— beshpew. t;ur«o. 
 
 8J<.— merry men. Arciii-rx, riirfHti>rtt, uutiuwM, wiio w«rc 
 
 bolievud to load a gay and nu'i-ry lifu. 
 
 Pllffe <IU» 20.— Ana(H!rttic iinu. 
 
 29.— bore. Thrust. 
 
 81.— Haugh. A hill, luirticulurly :i 1>uu<-uii-hill. 
 
 Pllflre 70, r>. -swair. Tho stoep hIoj.o of :i hill, alHo 
 written nmit. (Sue page 57, 1 1.) 
 
 8.— Bellenden. "Situiit«<d niur tho head of nortiiwic': 
 water, and, Injing in tho cuntro of tho poHrtosstions of tho Scotts, 
 W08 frequently used os thuir place of roniluzvous and gathering 
 word.'' — Scott. 
 
 11. — aids. Clans, l>auds, reinforcunients. 
 
 24.— wily page. Tho goblin who luid assumed the appcor- 
 ance of the Ladye's sou. 
 
 Pafire 71, T).— Pronounce hur-t-n. Il'imjli, a lit-up of 
 stones; burn, a brook, a spriujj ; stony creek. 
 
 18.— mickle. Great, much ; A S. vtial. 
 
 10. — urchin. GobUn, mischievous spirit; originally a 
 hedgehog. 
 
 23.— imp. A graft, scion, a youth, a little mischievous 
 spirit. Formerly used in a good si-nse. Si)enser calls the 
 Muses " sacred imps." 
 
 In describing tl»e arrival of tho Enfflisli fnrc'^>» at Branksomo 
 and what followed, wo get a specimen of Scott's narrative 
 power. This word-painting of active bustlo and coufiicb shows 
 Scott at his best, and later on made him famous. 
 
Camto IV. 
 
 Ill) 
 
 Pitire 72, 4.— Armayn. lliTinmi im-nwimrMii. {Sm lino 
 21.) Fr. All>m»tmt, Uxi. A/f>M,„nn, ,i (Jormau trllxi of (!...MarV 
 timai 
 
 O.-forayert. MkirmUlMM nont out to n.o«miioifpo; prJ. 
 
 niarily riii<lt;r!t. 
 
 12.— Kendal, in Wostmoroluu.?. col.ibnitwl for iu arcbun* 
 ami it« given cluth. 
 
 KS.— bill-men. infantry arnio.! with Iong-lmn.lIi..| um'h or 
 bills. 
 
 27. -bill and bow. Billmon an<I bowinon. Th« hill hud a 
 brou.l hcii,k-Hhu|>o.l bhulo with a sharp spiku at tho back. 
 
 28. -sold their blood. '• Thono morconario*, or • froo-coni 
 ponioa,' as th..y worocaUwl, ioiiip<,«,,| of men from all oountri.^H 
 solil thuir wsrvicL-s to tho hight-st bia.ler, an.l H|K;nt thuir lives 
 in fighting. Hcott quotes from Froissort an account of one 
 such band of menonury adventurers who described themselves 
 as ' frendes to Ood ond enemies to all tho worldo. '"—Stuart. 
 
 "Tho mercenary a.lvonturors, whom, in 1!W0. tho Earl of 
 Cambridge carried to tho assistance of tho King of Portugal 
 against tho Spaniards, njutinied for want cf regular pay. At 
 an assembly of their loaders, Sir John Soltier, a natural s(.n ..f 
 Edward the Dlack Prince, thus addressed them : • " I coimsaylo 
 let us bo alio of one allionce, and of one ac.-.ordo, and lot us 
 among ourselves roy-so up tho honor of St. (ieorij.-, and let us 
 bo frendo- to God, and enomyes to alio tho worlde ; for without 
 we make ourselfo to bo fiun-d, wo gutto nothynge." " By my 
 foyth," quod Sir William Htlmon, *• ye saye right well, and so 
 let us .lo." Thoy all agreed with one vuyce, and so regarded 
 among them who shuldo bo their capitayno. Then they advysed 
 in the case how they coudo nut have a better capitayno than 
 Sir John Soltier. For they suldo thi-n have good b-yst-r to do 
 yvol, and thoy thought ho was more metelyer thereto than any 
 other. Then they raised up tho penon of St. George, and cried, 
 " A Soltier ! a Soltier ! the valyaunt })astardo ! frendes to (Sod,' 
 and enemies to all the worldo!"'i /'/wsxar/!, vol. i. ch. 303)."-! 
 
 S<.'OTT. 
 32.— levin. Lightning. A.S. letfen, flaming. 
 
 38.— flounced. Flounced, plaited. Scott here follows what 
 ho road in A Min-our far Miuji^rattx, a collection of p.jems 
 
 11 
 
 
 ./:?i 
 
 .i..ii 
 
I 
 
 ^i 
 
 -:i< 
 
 .»•( 
 
 !:. 
 
 i 
 
 Ir 
 
 220 
 
 Notes 
 
 writton by Sackvillo ami oMicrs celel)r:itin<j iinforf.iin.atn Imt 
 illustrious imu wlio fij^'un; in Kiiglish history. Tlio Ix.ok was 
 be<jim in tlio reign of Mary and piiblislied in tlmt of Eli/.abeth. 
 Scott refers to luig.! 1-21 :— " Tlicir phiit.-.l giuniunts thcirwith 
 wellacconl, all jaggo.) auil/r„„,i.sf with divois colors diMikt'd." 
 Tims ho nuido use of his antiiiuariau knowludgo to fill out tho 
 details <jf his pictures of uncient times. 
 
 31.— morsing-horns. Flasks, j.owder-liorns for holding tlio 
 Iiow(? r witli which tlie Iiand-guns were |)riiiied. These were 
 first used instead of bows about 1471. Compare morsd. 
 
 PllSe 7;j, 1. —better knee. Right knee. "Fr.-m tho 
 bHttle-j)ieces of tin- ancient PMeniish i)ainters wo learn that tlu- 
 (ieniian soMi-rs niarelied to an assault with their right knees 
 bared."' — Scott. 
 
 " Tho stanzas des(!ribing the march of the English fon^es, and 
 the investiture of the CasMo of IJranxholm, display a great 
 Unowledgo of aneJout cosruine, as well as a most picturewiuo 
 and lively pictui f feudal warfare."— r'//V/,yr/ Ji, n, „■. 
 
 '^.-escalade. The scaling of a wall ; Lat. .s.„/„, ladder. 
 
 I.— Teutonic. Cerman; Lat. T< ,il„ii< s. 
 
 *J-— gflaive. Sword; l.iit. ;//ii, /;,!•<. (\ni\i>iiviu/>n/„i,„< ,;//>i</i(i. 
 
 tor. 
 
 1:5.— favor. A love-token, such a- 
 
 given to a knight by ]iis sweet- 
 heart ; worn 
 helmet. 
 
 a ribbon or a scarf, 
 
 on the sleeve or tlio 
 
 Fjihtc 74, !• -bartizan. A small 
 tower projecting from an angh' of a 
 wall. 
 
 10. partisan. A kind of 
 
 battle-axe with a long liandh!, 
 used like a bayonet. 
 
 11. -Falcon. A ciinnon ; a 
 metaplior from tho destructive 
 hawk of that name. 
 culver. Also called cilnrlii, a small cannon or hand-gun 
 long and thin. Fr. a,„l, „r,r, an adder; Lat. ajlnhm, a ser- 
 pent. Motaph(»r in a word. 
 
Canto IV. 
 
 •».)i 
 
 ••at- 
 
 16.— Tho nia<!hic(.liit<Ml t,..\v('rs li.vd <.|.,-niiij,M in tl.cir |.n.- 
 joctiiifr gjilleiii.s, tin-., ugh ^^UU■h tlio j.iti;h jin.l l.-a.I vonUl l.o 
 thrown upon tlio ussa-'u.','- ! "low. 
 
 30 —"A glove up u u liin.o ^^■u^ :ho enil.l.-m of faitl. among 
 tlioam-iontRonlfre. ., >,!,.. Ario out, wlicn uny ono l.n.ko his 
 wonl, to oxposo tin; i.M.,.,. i,..,| pnu-laim iiini a faithless 
 villain at tlio li.st Iloni.T iiiui-ti,.g. Tiiis .•..iviiio.iy was niueli 
 dreaded."— Scott. 
 
 Pii«r© 7r>, :?.— Border tide. A tr 
 
 ucc pniclaiiucd 1,y tli 
 ns, a time for scitlinij dispute 
 
 En:;lish and Scotch \V;ir<h 
 
 during which no ftMul w:is to l.o carried on. 
 
 K— reads. Ailvis<"s, c(.un-;cU; A.S. >•'!,, /„„, t,,.advis,.. 
 
 SWith. Quickly, instantly; A.S., .s<r/V//, sm.ng. 
 
 18. -pursuivant. An iittrndant on a li.iald. wh., suinc- 
 times, as lieie, actid as licr.ilil. 
 
 2J.— Afinto doubts whctliiT Scott wan ri-ht in dtv^^in^ the 
 pursuivant in Lord JFoward's liviuy, sine he was a state 
 officer. 
 
 25. - argent, silver, wliit(' ; Lat. n,;/' „iii,„. The liunro nf a 
 lion waseniln-oidcnd on th.- bn-ast of hi^ iinifmiii or //,/,// (,, 
 show that ho was one of irowanl's retinue. 
 
 31.— irks. Pains, vexes. 
 
 Pa;,'c 7<», I. -flemens-flrth. "An asyii,,,, fur ..uthuvs." 
 —Scott. A.S. jf>i> win;/,; outlaw, an. I.//////, a slie.ter, a refuge. 
 
 6.— march-treason. '-Several species of offences peculiar 
 to tho Border constituted what was called niarch-tnason. 
 Among i.thers was the ciiine <,f riding, or causing to rid«', 
 against tho opposite country during titne of truce.'" — Scott. 
 This serves to iruiko clear tlie lines folh/win ^ 
 
 7.— Saint Cuthbert'S eve. Tlie evenln- iH.tme ATarch 20th. 
 St. Cnthbert, l)orn r;:i."», was monk, prior of .M.lrosr, iiishop of 
 Lindisfarne, and diecl in <)S7. 
 
 10.— by dint of glaive. A stroke ..f his su..rd. 
 
 11.— harried. Laid waste. j)lunder.Ml. 
 
 lo. - warriSOn. Trumpet-Mast, not,, of assmilh; used in 
 this sense- by Scott ahme. Tho old writers use ir,,ris,,n in the 
 s(>nse of I'eward, guenlon, protection. 
 
 •^ ! 
 
 
 ■-*■ 
 
 3 
 
 hi 
 
 h 
 
 m 
 
^ 
 
 ,fl 
 
 ■il 
 
 Hit 
 
 ir 
 
 w 
 w 
 
 'if: 
 
 tip 
 
 900 
 
 NoTKS. 
 
 18.— This liuo shows the date of the story, 1552 or 1553, 
 23. — The struggle between maternal affection and tlie Ladye's 
 duty, and the triumph of tlie latter, serves to exhibit the stern 
 stuff in her character. Our sympathy is aroused by "her 
 sobbing breast " and the final " struggling sigh," wliich is the 
 note of victory for wi»l over emotion. 
 
 81. — emprise. Enterprise, undertaking. Irony. 
 
 Pagre 77, 10.— lyke-wake dirge. The signal for death. 
 
 The watching of a dead body before its burial (A.S. //<•, corpse, 
 and loacan, to wake, to watch) is the lyke-wake. 
 
 21.— Pensils. A ribbon-shaped flag, with swallow-tail end, 
 borne on a spear or lance. Lat. 2>enua, feather. 
 83. — What are you doing here ? What are you about ? 
 
 Page 78, 3.— Ruberslaw. A mountain east of Hawick. 
 
 4. — Weapon-SChaw. A muster or show of tlie military 
 array of a county. 
 
 10- — Lord Maxwell's banner bore au eagle and a cross em- 
 broidered upon it. 
 
 13. — Merse. The plain stretching along tlio south of Ber- 
 wick. 
 
 34.— Blanche Lion. Silver lion. (See page 75, line 2.5. J 
 
 Pagre 79, 5.— Certes. The French form of Lat. rerfe, 
 certainly. 
 
 7.— Scott quotes instances of trial by single combat in 1558 
 and in 1602. 
 
 23. — parleying. A parley or conference was demanded by 
 sounding a trumpet. 
 
 25.— defied. Challenged. 
 
 33.— folL To disgrace, defeat. 
 
 Pagre 80.—" The trial by combat seems to promise nothing 
 to the lovers. Yet it is destined to lead to their union, and 
 therefore it is necessary to the story that it should take place. 
 It is not easy, however, to understand the conduct of the 
 various parties in the parley. Why does the Ladye propose a 
 combat (page 77, line 1), and gainsay it (page 80, line 7)? 
 
Canto IV. 
 
 
 Surely the answer must l)o that, sli.' i,'aiiio.l ' tlie secret pre- 
 science' (lino 12) in the interval ; for . 1 1 the description of her 
 emotion (page 70) loses its interest if slio knew of the coming 
 help at the time, and the calm di-iiityan<l faitli of her noldo 
 speech (pa-e 77) is turned into a hypocritical attempt to gain 
 time; (2} we shall see in the next Canto that the knowledge 
 which she gains from her magic is limited, for she is deceived 
 with regard to the Scotch champion. Again, does Howard show 
 his ' sageness'in so suddenly abating his claims? On page 70 
 the demand is, ' Admit an English garrison into Branksom", or 
 wo will storm it, and tlie Heir shall ho carried off to Lond«)n '; 
 on page 70 tlio proposal is, • If Musgravo wins, wo will keep what 
 we have already got ; if ho falls, we will surrender the Heir and 
 hargain only for our personal safety.' Would not tliis sudden 
 <d»ango have aroused the suspicions of the shrewd Sciottish 
 chiefs V -'—Fi-ATnKit. 
 
 Pajro 81, 8.— whenas. When that, when. The word 
 irhni was originally interrogative, and was made relative by 
 the addition of the >>•>: tide «.-< or tlmt. 
 
 5.— the jovial ' '. An ancient P.or<ler minstrel, called 
 
 "Rattling, Koaring ue." He quarrelled with the I. ard of Rule 
 Wat<ir, bearing the name of "Sweet Milk," and killed him. 
 For this Willie was executed at Jedburgh. 
 
 0.— Lord Archibald. The framer of statutes or j.oints of 
 Border warfare in the middle of the fifteenth century. 
 
 2'..— Ousenam. Now called Oxnam, near Jedburgh, the 
 seat of the Cranstouns. 
 
 26.— JedwOOd A..L-. Means Jedburgh assizes. Air is the 
 same as eire. or tyre.. T.at, il,r, a journey. The phrase ' ' justices 
 in Eyre " means jud£ •. on circuit. 
 
 Pasre 82, 15.— minion. Favorite. 
 
 IH. Marble hearse. Tomb. 
 
 ii*:\ 
 
 i 
 
 ^{1 
 
224 
 
 NOTKS. 
 
 : t 
 
 CANTO V. 
 
 Pagro 8;j, 1.— it. Tho lielicf that iiaturo mourns, etc. 
 
 Scofct here for a few lines rises to the level of iinaginativo 
 poi^ry of feeling. Such elevaticm inudo liia great eontciu. 
 porary, Wordsworth, famous. 
 
 PllHre 84, 12.— thanedom. Tho tliane was l.nl or chief 
 and hold jurisdiction over a country or land where he lived. 
 
 Pajjre S.">, 14.— In tho fourteenth century tho frontier was 
 divided into tho East, West, and Middlii Marches, and wardens 
 over each were appointed bf)tli hy faiglish and Scotch. 
 
 15.— The Bloody Heart. " TIio well-known cognizance of 
 tho house of Douglas, assumed from tho dime of good Lord 
 .lames, to whose -aro Robert Bruce committed his heart to Im 
 carried to the Holy Land."— Scott. 
 
 The Seven Spears. The seven sons of sir David Home of 
 VVeddcrburne. 
 
 22.— Clarense's Plantagenet. '• At the battle of Bcaugo, 
 
 in France, Thomas, Duke of ClaiiMice, brother to Henry V., 
 was tinhorse.1 by Sir John Swinton of Swinton, who distin- 
 guished liim by a coronet sot with precious stones, which ho 
 wore around his helmet. Tlio family of Swinton is one of tho 
 most ancient in Scotland, and produced many celebrated war- 
 riors." — Scott. 
 
 Pajfe H(i, In several dilfen^nt ways tho i)oet endeavors to 
 make us realize the j>eculiiir feelings of tho English and tho 
 Scotch as they meet at tho feast. Compare pages S{i, 87, 88 
 with jiage 100. 
 
 PasTO S7, 8.— The football play. '• The football was 
 anciently a v<ry favorite sport all through Scotland, but 
 esp((cially upon tlio Borders. Sir .lolin Carmichael of Car- 
 michael, Warden of the Middle Marches, was killed in 1600 by 
 a band of tho Armstrongs, returning from a football match. 
 Sir Robert Carey, in liis Memoirs, mentions a great mei-ting, 
 appointed by tin; Scotch rid.rs t<i be held at Kelso for tho pur 
 poseof playing at football, but wliioh t.irminated in an incur- 
 sion upon England. At present, the football is often played 
 
Canto N 
 
 ^f^ 
 
 2-jr> 
 
 by tho inhabitants of -.Ijaoont i.arishcs, or of the opposite 
 banks of a sf roam. 'J. victory is ,-,,nt(.sto.l with tho utmont 
 fury, and \ery sorious acciiUMits liavo soiiiotiirn-s tiikon plat o in 
 the strugjjlo."— Scott. 
 
 PllHre S«, 1. -Whinger. A knif.. n<v,l f..r (Mrvin- or as a 
 dagger. 
 
 10.— wassail. Rfvcl, ranmsc. riotous festivity. 
 
 Piisre 8», i:<.-By times. H.tir.i 
 
 ar!\- 
 
 Puffo JM), 1.— Queen Mary. IVnb.ii.iy Mury of (iniso, 
 
 widow of .Tallies V. Mary Qiu-cn .f Scots was only ten y<'ars 
 old, and was at tliis time over in Franco. 
 
 12.— tlie vassalage. 'Vhv. bo.iy of vussuis. 
 
 18. — Tiord Cranstoun no doubt felt an iininiNe to .set) Mar- 
 garet onco more before tho conflict. As it miglit possibly 
 bo their last meeting, h(! probably t<. Id her i-f his intention to 
 fight tho combat instead of Deloraine. whom lie had wounded. 
 
 PjlSe J)l, 12.— shrill port. Seott s.iys /«»•/ is "ji martial 
 piece of music adapted to the bagpipes " (Jaelic, a catcli, a 
 lively tune. 
 
 Pasre 92, 30.-Bilboa blade, nilboa, in the nortli of 
 Spain, was long famous for iron and steel manufactures. 
 
 Pasre, O.'l, B.— footelOth. TIk! cloth or liousings covering 
 the horse's body. 
 
 4.— wimple. A j)laited lintni cloth, or a covcrii!-;of silk for 
 tho neck, chin, and sides of tlie face, such as is often worn l)y 
 nuns. 
 
 l'^- — This lino makes it pretty certain tliat Cranstoun dis- 
 closed his plan to Margaret. She would hardly have felt 
 " terror " on Deloraine's account. 
 
 26.— like vantage. Tho marshals t^)i.k care that neither 
 of the combatants received any advantage with regard to sun 
 and wind. 
 
 " The whole scone <.f tlin duel or judicial combat !scf)nduct^d 
 according to the strictest ordinances (,f chivalry, and delineated 
 with all the minuteness of an ancient romancer." — Jeffkky. 
 15 
 
 '■ i 
 
 kl 
 
1 1 
 
 ji 
 
 ■!! 
 
 IP 
 
 a- 
 
 
 -^tJ NoTKS. 
 
 Pllfire J)4, t.-despiteous scathe. Malicious wrong. 
 
 I'll^re }M(, 14.— gcorget. Tho pioco of armor that protected 
 tho tliroat. Pr. if<>nj>, tlio throat. 
 
 20.— W<' iiiiiy com pare thu death of Musgravo as huro doscrilHjd 
 witli tho (h'uth of Mariiiion, given iij Canto VI. of Scott's 
 Miirmioii. 
 
 I'usre 1)7, 9.— Beaver. Tho h)wor part of the helmet, 
 whicli is lot down to allow tho wearer to drink. 
 
 Pnge J>8, 27.— The story is now practically finished ; hut 
 tho next canto is added to give an account of the marriage 
 feast, an<l particularly to dispose of the Goblin Page. 
 
 Pn«re 99, 27.— wraith. The spectral apparition of a per- 
 son seen shortly before or after his death. 
 
 Pngre 100, IH.— mark. A coin worth IBs. 4d. Old plural 
 without inflection, as often found with nouns denoting time, 
 weight, value, measure, etc. 
 
 10.— long of. On account of. 
 
 27.— Snaffle, spur, and spear was the mott«i of all those 
 
 who lived in the nr)rtliern counties. Siinfflt., a bit or bridle for 
 a horse, a snafho-piece, or nose-piece. 
 
 28-32.— gear. Musgrave used to be the foremost man in pur- 
 suit of Deloraino and his Scotch Borderers when they were 
 returning homo from an English raid loaded with stolen booty, 
 lie tracked tlieir winding course with tho bloodhound, and often 
 sounded his bugle to rally his men to attack tho marauders. 
 
 " The style of the old romancers has been very successfully 
 imitated in tho wiiolo of this scene; and the speech of Delor- 
 aine, who, roused from his bed of sickness, rushes into the lists 
 and apostrophizes his fallen enemy, brought to our recollection, 
 as well from tho peculiar turn of expression in its commence- 
 ment as in the tone of sentiments which it conveys, some of 
 the fimihrcs omtioiux of the Morte (V Arthur.''— Critical Riritw. 
 
 Page 101, 2.— bowning. Going, wending their way. 
 
 9.- sable stole. A long scarf, or a long, loose robe reaching 
 to the feet. 
 
 Nn 
 
Canto Vf. 
 
 •2-27 
 
 10.— requiem. A nmss for tho rop<Ho of tj,.' soul of tho dead 
 person. 
 
 PatfO 102.— "Tho Miuatrol ends with a burst of music in 
 which many difforont uotos uro mingled together, like the com- 
 mingling of many voico* and many instruments. Ho imitates 
 the sound of the voicos of tho full choir of singors singing the 
 fun.ral service as th.- I.ody is lowered into the grave in tho 
 Abbey."— Stiakt. 
 
 22.— misprised. Despised. 
 
 CANTO VI. 
 
 Some few critics Imve argued that tho sixth Canto lies 
 beyond the pl.;t of the La;,. It is true that tho feud of tho 
 clans has been composed and that tho destiny of tho lovers has 
 been settled, bub tho (J„blin Pago and tho Book of Magic still 
 retnain on hand and require some satisfactory disposal. Nor 
 would it be quite safe to accept too literally Scott's letter to 
 Miss Seward, as quoted by Lockhart :— 
 
 '•The sixth Canto is altogether rrduudant; for tho poem 
 should certainly have closed with the union of the h.vers, when 
 the interest, if any, was at an end. But what could I do? 
 I had my book an-l my page still on my hands, and must get 
 rid of them at all events. Manage them as I would, their 
 catastrophe must have been insuHicient to occupy an entire 
 canto; so I was fain to eko it out with the songs of the 
 minstrels." 
 
 As Professor Stuart correctly observes, "It is just possible 
 that Scott was not quite in earnest when he so expressed 
 himself, and that whatever he may have mid afterwards from 
 modesty or from a desire to deprecate the wrath of critics, he 
 did feel, and must have felt at the tir.e ho wrote it, that the 
 story required for its completion some account of tho betrothal 
 festivities and of tho fate of the Goblin Page. However this 
 may be, no one can regret the necessity he felt of eking it out, 
 as ho said, with the songs of tho minstrels." 
 
 Professor Minto's remarks are in a similar strain :— " I have 
 already argued that the last Canto is no more redundant than 
 
 » I 
 
 
228 
 
 NoTKS. 
 
 >i 
 
 iii 
 
 ,1 
 f ii: 
 
 [ftr, 
 
 ill 
 
 tlio first; that it is a nocossary part of the Ho.licnio of the poom, 
 osstmtial to currying it out with tho |iri>iK»rtion iissigiioti to tiu' 
 supernatural olement at tlio lK;y:iimin<;;. But if Soott hiiriself 
 said that it was r<"lur'!iint, surely ho must Imvt! known host. 
 Tho answer to til is iH, that wo must not attach too much im- 
 portance to a writer's half-serious criticism of his own work, 
 when ho is called upon to defend it, in answer to the ohjections 
 of so pertinacious a lady as the gcwnl Miss Howard. Scott at 
 least must have been of a different opinion about the sixth 
 f'anto when ho wrote it, and wo nmst take the work as it 
 stands, not as soon by the author himself through the ccdored 
 medium of a casual passing nioo<l. 
 
 "fieorjjo Kllis, tlio editor of Sjx-rinim.i of h''irfi/ Knijlith Pmiry 
 and Milr'nnJ I'nttiaucrs^ one of the mf)St learned of Scott's con- 
 temporaries in mediu'val poetry and romance, ' entertained 
 some doubts about the })ropriety of dwelling so long on tlio 
 minstrel songs in the last Canto,' but this was Itecauso he was 
 not aware of any ' ancient authority' for such a practice. ' To 
 the canto on its own merits ho did not object. It is to he 
 remarked that, although the songs are episodical as regards the 
 action of tho poem, tiny aro closely interwoven with the senti- 
 ment. The subjects of tlieiri aro such as would naturally 
 occur at tho close of a tale in which three of tho moving 
 powers are love, magic, and supernatural agenc} The first 
 is a love ballad, a congratulation of tho happy lovers, and 
 serves to dismiss thorn gracefully from tho stage j the last two 
 put th«> reader in tune for the wonders of tho final incident." 
 
 ''Scott's works are grounded on actual tradition. rJoethc 
 continually urged youn" poets to study tho real world, and 
 reproduce that htstcad c ..torely trying to speak out those few 
 and limited feelin;^ which are theirs as individuals, In the 
 one case they are fr 'h and inexhuustible, in the other they 
 have soon talked out tluir limited knowledge, and aro ruined 
 by mannerism. Speaking of a new epic he said it failed 
 because it was not grounded ir. reality, what lay in p.ist ages 
 was not painted with proper trut>!, it had no pith or kernel, 
 the life and actions of tho characters were described in that 
 mere general way whuh young people consider poetic or 
 romantic, whoroas the writer should havft adhered strictly to 
 the chronicles. ' When I reinernber,' fJoethe concludes. ' how 
 Schiller studied tradition, what trouble he gave himself about 
 
 ■• H 
 f .Si 
 ■ i' » 
 
Canto VI 
 
 L'l'U 
 
 8wit/.t>iliin<I wlu'ii lie uri.t..' Iii^ U//// 
 
 7*. //. 
 
 uikI Iiiiw Shuk- 
 
 »lKire IIS. I tln^ <!liruiii,:l(w, .•upyin^' into liis [.lays wln.Io piissu^os 
 word for word ,..,/ (,'on'itfitiniM ), I um inclirn..! to prusi-ribo 
 tho same to n y.)!!!!-,' poet.' (Jootli.. was ;i yrt-iit adiiiin-r of the 
 
 viviil and vuriwi lil'o in Scott's 
 
 iiovi'ls. Scott liuil ill liis youth 
 
 fili'il liirt Micinory with tliu stories in tlie l.ulluds and chronicles • 
 these tiie pliiyo' hi-, iiiiagiiiation madu his own, and thus in 
 his later years hi' euuld throw olF in a riionieiifc (h-scriptions of 
 the most varied scenes witli all tlie acciirattf lifidike touches 
 which ■,'eiiuraljy imply accurate stuily." P:iiM,i'orrs. 
 
 I'ajifO lO;{. — If Sc(jtt had never written any other iMHstry 
 than tliefirsttwonuiiiLers. if this Canto liu would still have Im-cii 
 known round the world as the author of this famous outburst of 
 patriotism. Ohseive how flic lust nnmlMr of Canto V. h-adson 
 naturally to the .suliject. 
 
 Scott uses the rhetoriiral .|iiesti(.n and answer almost to excess, 
 and often coiiihin.'d with exclamation to give dramatic elTect, 
 or to mark stroni^ emphasis on an t!neri,'eti(; passage or un one 
 exprossinjj dei-p emotion. 
 
 P«H:e 1()4. — Fn the elosinjj verses the Minstrel recalls with 
 a(Tecti(jii the valleys occ-upied l)y his own clan, and the closin" 
 days of Scott's own lifo supj. lied a touithinj^examploof the intense 
 atTection with wh" 'i he vi.wed "ench well-known scone." 
 Hasteiiinj,' home from Italy to die, he lay in the carriage in a 
 dull stupor on the journey from London northward. But ho 
 revived at the sight ..f his l»elove<l borderland, and l.ockhart 
 has recorded the elTect. " As we desc-nded tlie vale of the Gala 
 he began to gaze about him, and by degrees it was obviousthat 
 he was recoguizi-ig tlio features of that familiar landscape. 
 Presently ho murmured a name or two— (/'if'i HH/, ,-, Knr</i/, 
 llnrkhohii, Torii<„„(ll,,. As wo roundel the hill at Ludhofe, and 
 tho outline of the Eildons burst on him, he became greatly 
 excited ; and when turning himself on the couch his eye cau-'ht 
 at length his own towers, at the dislanco of a mile, he spraii" 
 up with a cry of delight." 
 
 21— Teviot-Stone appears to have been a rough l)oulder on 
 tho Rashie-grain height at tlie watershed between tha counties 
 of Roxburgh and Dumfries; it may havo marke<l a j'trish 
 boundary or a bridle-path. It has long since <lisapi»eared. 
 This line was not in tho first edition. — Ki^vtiikk. 
 
 
L'MU 
 
 NoTKH. 
 
 IH)HT<l-LUH. 
 
 Puife lOA, 2. — portcullis. A 
 
 Mortuf d«»or or gnto Hli«ling vertically. 
 It was made of liure of wo«jd or iron 
 atuddud with spikoit, and hung ovur 
 the gateway of a cantlo gudiictidud 
 by chains so that it could he let 
 down or drawn up at will. 
 
 10. — OWChes. Ornaments of gold 
 set with precious stones, also called 
 oitrhet] properly the socket in whirli 
 the jewel is sot. O.P. nonrhe^rmr. mis,-,,, a buckle, daap, brooch. 
 The true form noiich appears in Chaucur ; t!ie « was h.st hy boinK 
 wrongly attached to the articKi, an omh for a mirch. Com pan? 
 apron for napron, orange foritorauge, adder fornadder, umpire 
 for 7tumpire, auger for nauger. 
 
 12.— miniver. The fur of the miniver, ermine, white fur 
 with black spots. O.P. vt , small, m*V, fur. 
 
 Pagre 100, 1- forbidden spell. " Popular belief, though 
 
 contrary to the doctrines of the Church, made a favorable dis- 
 tinction between magicians and necromancers, or wizards ; 
 the former wore supposed to command the evil spirits, and the 
 latter to serve, or at least to be iu league and compact with 
 those enemies of mankind. The arts of subjecting the demons 
 were manifold ; sometimes the fiends were actually swindled by 
 the magicians. "—Scott. The Ladye did not use any unholy 
 spells or charms. She was, therefore, not afraiil to approach 
 holy places or sacred objects. 
 
 6.— planetary hour. Each planet exercised a special influ- 
 ence when it was in the ascendant. In the Middle A-,'es astro- 
 1« gical beliefs were mixed up witli the practice of almost every 
 art, and the stars had to be consulted at every turn. The 
 astrologer was a person of great importance. 
 
 14.— guarded. Edged, bordered. 
 
 15.— A merlin, " or sparrowhawk, was actually carried by 
 ladies of rank, as a falcon was, in time of peace, the constant 
 attendantof a knightor baron, fiodscroft relates, that when 
 Mary of Lorraine was regent, she pressed the Earl of Angus to 
 admit a royal garrison into his castle of Tantallon. To this 
 he returned no direct answer ; but, as if apostrophizing a gos- 
 
Canto VI. 
 
 •j:»l 
 
 hawk, wlii.h Hut on Imh wrist, aii<l ulii.l, h.> w.m f liii-ffiirin^' 
 
 tho (inoni's H|M>ooli, Im uxcliiiiiMMl, •Tli.i .IoviI'h ii, ihU ^moo-iJ' 
 gleJe, hIio will n.-vi-r bo full.'— Ilunui's ///./,.,y „/• //„ //.,„., „/ 
 
 l)o,i,jl,iM^ 1718, V..I. ii., p. VM. Biinlay cinpluiuH ,.f tlu i,,'- 
 
 inonan.linduc..nti.rutjti(.-,un.rii.jjiii- hawka an I Jim.iu.U ii,t„ 
 churchotj." — Scott. 
 
 25. heron-shew. l>r ln'r..u-shiiw, u>..un- lieion. 
 
 •• The portcork, it U woll known, w:.« consider...!. .luring th.' 
 tinit'H of chivalry, n..t nu-roly as un c\.|iii>ito d.ii.ar v l.ut us u 
 dish of peculiar Holemnity. Aftt-rlMin- must..! it was uguin 
 docorated with its plutnagi,, and a sponj,'.* dij.piMl in li-hted 
 spirits ..f wino was placed in its l.ili. \\ hen it was iutr..duc»id 
 on (lays of grand fistivul. it was tho signal for tho udvonturoun 
 knights to take upon tli.m vo.vs to du soim, d-iMl of cliivalrv 
 'before t\w peacock an<l tho loditis.' Tht^ boar's lu-ad was nU, 
 a usual dish of fimdal splendor. In Scotland it was sometim.-^ 
 surround.'d with littlo bunmrs disi.laying tl.o i-ob.rs and 
 achievements of the l.aron at whoso board it was served. "- 
 Scott. 
 
 28.— cygnet. .\ young swan; how l.at. ,;,i„n.s, a swan. 
 
 29,— ptarmigan. A kin<l of grouse ( luidio fiirmmhii,. 
 
 31.— Shalm. Or shawn, a roed-j)ipo lik.? a clariomt ; ( ). Fr. 
 fhii/rniif, a reed i)ipo, I.at. ciil>intiii, a reed. 
 
 Psaltery. A stringed instrument like u harp. 
 
 Pugre 107, 5.— hooded. Tho hawks w,,ro h-athor caj)s 
 or hoods over tho head and eyes wh.-n on ilic perch. 'I lie hood 
 was removed when tho hawk was let liy at game, and small 
 bells were fastened to tho wings to frighten tlio quarry. 
 
 11.— sewers, servants who set the table nn<l arranged the 
 dishes. 
 
 17. — Conrad. rSeo page 72. lino 2(j. i 
 
 Pnsre 108, 2. -Smote with his gauntlet. " ThoRuther- 
 
 fords of Hunthill wero an ancient rico of Horder l.airds whose 
 names occur in histo; /, sometinies a** dofen liiu' thu frontier 
 against the English, sometimes as distiirbiug tho peace of their 
 own country. Dickon I)raw-the-.Swor<i was son to tho an«ient 
 warrior called in tradition tho Cock of Iluntliill, remarkable 
 
 ill 
 

 N 
 
 UTI-X 
 
 m 
 
 V 
 
 W 
 
 for lontliii.; ln«o Iwittlo tiim* m.n*, K'tHiiit* wuriimt, all rti*iis of 
 tlio anoii'iit <!|iutii|>ioii.'' S«m»tt. 
 
 10.- bit his glove. " T.> l.iu. tli.. thiiinti or tlm «|.,vn mwuiH 
 not tohii\.( Lfcn tniisi-lort'i!. ii{H)n tliK n..iil.r, us u g.stun) «,r 
 c!oiit..rni.f, th.-iigh w. iis..,l liy Shakri^pc-ani, Imt uh a plwlyo of 
 inoitnl rtv.n^'o. It is y.t. r<tii< niU-ivil tlmt a yniinj^ g.ntlo. 
 nioiiof ToviuUlah', oil tlio mnnii,,;; attvr a liiinl «lrinkiiig-l.oiit, 
 olmorvod that ho liail l.itt.'n his tflovo. IIo inst untly (h.niaii.Jud 
 of hi-ioompunioii witii whom h« hail qiuirn-ll.-.l ? .\n.|,luiirniiig 
 thut hu hiulhud wonU withoiio of thu party, insisttul on instant, 
 Bntisfnrtion.assortinj; tlmt thoiiijh ho riMiii!iiil.inMl nothing of 
 thodispmo, y,.t ho wan Hiiro Iio novtr would have Mt. his glovi- 
 
 unloMH ho had ri ivod somo iinpar.lmial.Io insult. IT.t foil lu 
 
 tliodufl, which wuh f«»uj,'ht noar Siikirk, in 1721." .Sott. 
 
 1 •.— lyme-dOg. A hound, a liiintinj^ih)-; h-d l»y a lytuo or 
 leani, that is, u hiasli. (!oiii|.uro han-dog. 
 
 18. -Cologne. AcjM'nt en Hist sylhibhi. Tim old Knglirth 
 naino was ('oluii. 
 
 21.— buttery. Tlui iiuntry, a i'l;i.-.< for pim isions,os|M.riiilly 
 ht'c-r uiid wino. Cornipfvd fn.iii M.K. /»,/./,,;,, tho plaw for 
 bottioM, not connt'ctiid with Imttcr. 
 
 21.— Selle. Scat Fr. *.//., f.at. .•<.//.». Isiially u sad.llr. 
 
 Piisro 10J>. 5.— Remembered him of. R. (l. xivo uso of 
 
 |)c>rsonal jironoiin, coiiiiM<»n in Old Kn;;lisli, osi.n<i:iily with 
 words descrihing motion or mental action. Coniiiure • Mount 
 theo,"etc 
 
 10.— Solway Strife. The hattlo of Sol way Moss, l.-)12, at 
 wliich ten thousand Scots flf<l li.foro tlireo hundred Kn'-lish 
 horsomon wliom they mistook for tho English ..rmy, whiidi was 
 really thirty mih-s away. Tlio a/Tuir preyed uj-on tho spirits 
 of .lames V. so much that he died brok.n-lieart.-d a few days 
 after tho disaster, at Falkland Palace, Dec IH, 1512. 
 
 11. — trencher. A wooiien piato. 
 
 19.— bodkin. A small dagger. Dimin. of W. /mA.-/, (Jaelio 
 hiotlag. 
 
 20.— spurned. Kicked ; A.S. .sjHorunu, to kick against. 
 22.— Riot and clamor. These quarrels were common 
 enough among the Borderers, and are characteristic of tho 
 
 Kit'!^\^ 
 
Canto VI. 
 
 -*..,.!..( van.I inai,.M.....f fhrfir...... Tho ,..,..t,. I...„,.v,.,. j^ |,..,v 
 
 |m,,,u,...« tl... vv„y f..,. ,|.u l.vvaiV. M..|.|..n .liMa,.,.. aian'..... 
 
 " Tl... u,.,„.»ra,.r.. un.l .|,v.H of tlM, ,..„„,..„>' uH...„.l,|,..i |n ti... 
 
 ;■'"';''•"!"'"';';''•'''•''<"' ' ^»'" '*..>-M...-.,t f..u...iu«.i,i..i. 
 
 .1.0 Imhh..Ih un.l l.avvksun.,...t tlu, h-ant l...,.,.,fu,.t ,,.■,<,.„».„.. 
 
 uftl.uW,an.a,uroH.^ainl.a,.,,vi,,,ita.i..,Mofil.,.uu.,,l...Mrrn,M 
 
 ;\'"'""""^''''"^" li^lM.lu,.,M,..S....tt l.a. «,..„;;|,t ,nu..h..l 
 
 i.H ,n...t fXMU.Mt., i,Mas..,y an-l .I...,.n,.,i..„. A „.,,i,., ,„,,, 
 
 .HthatuH..Mnl.l..,| in Ilr„..hul,u CaH.l., i,.,l; | . ith ,.atiu,..l 
 
 |.n,u.lu^Sttn.| l...:u...l «i,h uinn, h....,..h .0 l,as., ......tain.-l in 
 
 .U..lfH„m,.,..nf,M.....|. of s,,o„t,u,...M.s .lisonl.r: J.„t th.,(;ohli,. 
 
 laj;., m V..II n.i,o,l,UM..l, as a,.,.l>in^. a torch .0 tl.i. ,„a.. of 
 «^'.n»MHt, ,l..s. (^.am.Is, higl.ly ..l.ara.f.riMi.. of It..,-.!, r M,a„. 
 U.TH, l.o,h in tinir rau^o un.ltim n.a.u.-r in u hi.-h tl..y uiv 
 su|.|H.rl.M|, .„.„.., a^ u,.|| a.nons .1,.. |.„,|Iv ^mm.^u as 11,., v.-o- 
 moii u>st.nil.|..,l ill tlio l..it ..., y.-' Tin i ',;;;.., I /.-, ,/, „•. |.su5. ' 
 2';. -By this timoi. 
 
 xr^" *"!"* .^'^^r"^ ^'''""®- *'•'"''" ^'••"'"". -'•"•"« -•« "f 
 Mai..-.., Karl. fM.,nfi.i.l,, .-ommonly surna,,,..! .I.,l,n with tl„. 
 
 Hnoht Swor.l, „,...» 8on.o .li.,,l,,as.,r« ris.u ajjain.t hi.u at 
 court, r..U,v.| with many of hin dan an.l Kindn.! into th., Kn--. 
 Iish B.mh.r. in tho r.i,n ..f King H.-nry ih. Kour.h, uhor.3 th.'y 
 s..a..d th..,Ms..Ivos ; an.l n.any of th-ir ,.„s,..nry hav..,.o>.tinu(.,l 
 ev.rsm.... Mr. Sun.iror-I, sp-akin^- ..f th. ,n >ays , „hi.h in.!.-.,! 
 was applicablo to most of tli., IJonh-rcrH on both si.h-s , • " Thi-v 
 were, all stark n,09s.troop,.rs, an,l arrai.t thi-VfH : Both to Kii-'. 
 and an.l S,..,thin.l outlaw..,!; y.-t s..„...ti,„o.s conniv.-l ul 
 Lecauso thoy gavo forth int..lligonco of Sc-otlan.|, an.l woul.j 
 raiso 4<)0 horso at any ti,„o upon a rai.l of tho Knj,'!ish inf., S.v.t- 
 la:..l. A saying is iv.M.r.]...! „f ;, „...th.-r to h.-r son (u hich is 
 n..w l,e(M,mo pr.norbial), 'Ri.K., Rowic-v, hough's i' t h.. pot ' : that 
 iH, the hist pioco of lK3ef was in th.» p..t, a.ul thorefon, it was 
 high tinio f..r hiiu to go an.l fetch i.i..ru."'-.S«j..TT. 
 
 32. -the Land Debatable. "Tho rosi-lonco of tho Onrmes 
 being clu..fly in the Debatable Lan.l, so callcl iMcauso it was 
 
 clanne.l by both king.ioms, their .I..pre,]ati.ms c.xt.n,l, .1 bot h t. 
 J'.iiguUKl and Scotland, with impunity; ior as both war.l.'ns 
 aocmute.! theui tlio proper subj.-cts ..f th.ir own princo, neither 
 in.-lined to demand reparation for th. ir .■x.....^,.s from tho 
 opposite olHcers, whicli would have been an acknowledgment 
 
 % 
 
 *-.* 
 
234 
 
 NoTKH. 
 
 of his jurisdiction over thoiii. Tho Dultutuhlu Laud whs finally 
 divided Letwixt England and Scutlaud, by cotiiuiissiouers ap- 
 pointed liy both nations." — Scott. 
 
 Pago 110, 4.~HiS simple song. "It is the author's 
 object, in these songs, toexomplify tho difTerentatyk-s of ballad 
 narrative which prevailed in this island at ditTureiit periods, or 
 indifferent conditions of society. Tho first (Albert's) is con- 
 ducted upon the rude and simple model of the old Border 
 ditties, and produces its effect by the direct and concise narra- 
 tive of a tragical occurrence." — Jkffrky. 
 
 " The three succeeding songs are each a type of dilTeront styles 
 of the poetry of the i)cri«id. That of Albert Gra-me is 'the 
 simple song of a Borderer.' He is without tho Italian culture 
 of Fitztravcr, or tho skill shown by 'Harold' in heightening 
 interest by touches of softer feeling— sentimental in tho better 
 sense of the word. His ballad is Hoim-ric in its directness ; not 
 aline (except the simple refrain} but is ])Iain, unadoriu^d nar- 
 rative up to tho la^^t verse, where we are reminded of tho lis- 
 teners. " — Phillpotts. 
 
 Pag-e 111, 21,— roundelay. A kind of ballad in which 
 tho first line is repeated, a dancing song. 
 
 All three of the songs introduced are love-songs, notwith- 
 standing what the aged Minstrel said on page 43. 
 
 25.— The gentle Surrey. " The gallant and unfortunate 
 Henry Howard, Earl of .Surrey, was untiuestionably the most 
 accomplished cavalier of his time; and his sonnets displ.-iy 
 beauties which would do honor to a more polished age. He 
 was Ixjheaded on Tower Hill in 151G— a victim to the mean 
 jealousy of Henry VIII., who could not bear so brilliant a char- 
 acter near his throne. 
 
 "The song of tho supposed bard is founded on an incident 
 said to have happened to the Earl in his travels. Cornelius 
 Agrippa, the celebrated alchemist, showed him in a looking- 
 glass the lovely Geraldine, to whose service he liad devoted his 
 pen and his sword. The vision represented her as indisposed, 
 and reclining upon a couch, reading her lover's verses by the 
 light of a waxen taper."— Scott. 
 
 Page 112. — " The second song, that of Fitztraver, the bard 
 of the accomplished Surrey, has more of the richness and polish 
 
Canto VI. 
 
 2.35 
 
 and Spenser is the most famous. As'^cor'aTd with t.r.r ' 
 two songs, it cannot be said to bring out ^^tZ^ ' •"'' 
 
 excellence as a song writer, "-f":^! " ' ^^^actenst.c 
 
 'Fitztraver's song is a little picture in itself T>,« * 
 resembles that of Spenser It ha, «; . / '^'*"^'' 
 
 three8ets,(„)land3 (^2 4 ^ 7r Tl o°"'' "^y"""S '" 
 
 25.-hIght. Promised ; past participle of A.S. h.!iuu. 
 
 Araluc c„rrupt.„n of Gr. ,f,.cr.^, g^,,.,^, J^^, J' "• •'»• 
 J:T ''•■'' '■■-«'»"•'""«• M-de o' ivory, .,„t. ,„„.. 
 
 f" Od.n "•.f-«"*»''«»- ^■""o-" ..«"« „r .,,„ Orkney,. 
 
 22. -Scald. 
 23.— Runic. 
 
 stone. 
 
 26.— Saga. Norse tale or epic contain,'.,., ,....»» i 
 .nd 'radiU„„,„nh,auci„.aslLli„aZ:'' '"" '"'''"■■''"• 
 
 tfto Julda. It was vo.ry nearly cau-ht bv the xr,..i ti.^, i 
 went to fish for it with a hook bait°d w^^h a bulf's h ad r" 
 the b tue betwixt the evil demons and th: .Lin ties fodil" 
 whxch as to precede the /?.,.„•„,,., or Tvv iiight of he S^o' 
 this Snake is to act a conspicuous part."-Sco^. ' 
 
 A Norse or Scandinavian bard. 
 
 Inscribed with Norse r,nu., old l.,t,,.rs cut on 
 
 »^i 
 
 HI 
 
2;{6 
 
 Notes. 
 
 29.— dread Maids. " These were the Vn/kyriiir, or 8«^li!ctors 
 of the Shiiii, desputdie*! hy Odin from Valhalla, to choose thoso 
 who wore to di(*, and to distribute ♦ho contest. They are woil 
 known to tlio English reader as Gray's Fatal Sisters," — Scott. 
 
 31.— Of chiefs. " The Northern warriors were usually en- 
 
 t<inibed with their arms iind their other treasures 
 
 Indeed, the ghosts of the Northern warriors were not wont 
 tamely to suffer their tombs to be plundered ; and hence the 
 mortal heroes liad an additional temptation to attemi)t such 
 ail ventures; for they held nothing more worthy of their valor 
 than to encounter supernatural Iwings." — Scott. 
 
 32. — pale death-lights. According to the Sagas, fires 
 burnt within the toiribs of dead warriors similar to the " won- 
 drous light" mentioned on page 3(J, line 25. 
 
 Page 1 15.— " The third song is intended to represent that 
 wild style of composition which prevailed among the bards of 
 the northern continent, somewhf o softened and adorned by 
 the minstrel's residence in the south. We prefer it upon the 
 whole to either of the two former, and shall give it entire to 
 our readers, wlio will probably be struck by the poetical effect 
 of the dramatic form into which it is thrown, and of the 
 indirect description by which ever5'thing is most expressively 
 told, without one word of distinct narrative." — Jeffrey. 
 
 " The supreme virtue of this ballad is the simple vigor with 
 which its pictures are drawn. There is no personal intrusion ; 
 there are no vain cries and groans ; there is no commenting 
 and explaining. The pictures tell their own story, and tell it 
 so vividly and thrillingly that nothing more is needed. The 
 intensity of the i)iece would bo destn.yed by any words of com- 
 miseration. The deepest feelings are not the most garrulous. 
 When the dreadful news reached Macduff that his castle was 
 surprised and his wife and babes savagely slaughtered, he 
 pulled his hat over his brows, and gave sorrow no words ; a less 
 manly grief would have i)layed ' the woman with its eyes and 
 braggart with its tongue.' This is the true secret of what 
 power the old ballad poetry possesses. The writers conceive 
 the situations so forcibly that they cannot indulge in any idle 
 meanings ; they cannot play with their agony ; their sympathy 
 is too profound for melodious sighs ; their hands are so para- 
 
Canto VI. 
 
 L»;{7 
 
 '^:^1^ ''-' ^^""" ^^^ ^''^ ^-^^ -'' ^-t their 
 
 We may observe the four distinct parts of the l.alla.l each 
 contributing xts own share to the total result. The t ., d s 
 tmct pictures presented form a perfect contrast separated by a 
 break which we are left to fill up froni our own imagination 
 
 ^e'. tcTCr':' T *^-/"^^-- ^^ - well sustaSr^t :; 
 
 «^e i.ach the last stanza before the whole truth comes out 
 Not a ]..ae or a word is superfluous, not a syllable is wasted in 
 explanation and yet the secret motive that prompt Zltl le 
 to tempt the stormy firth " becomes perfectly manife,r Tho 
 dramatic effect of the whole is perfect.^ As Mr" SZlor «' 
 
 Ihe good knights are dust ' tho ladies p-^t h.rr^ i • 
 
 Pas^d, the seer has become a 'part olVhTt L'rld TtJ "^LTh: 
 was ever curiously gaxing ; the torches of the priests 1 ,, nt ou^ 
 ages ago; but the sights and sounds of natui^e ar s ,^^1 
 
 :;^:j;^' "^^^' ''''' ''^^^- ^— 'o-i, winds still /::;; 
 
 15.-Castle Ravensheueh. "A largo and stron.. castle 
 now ruinous, situated between Kirkaldy and Dysart on iTll' 
 
 Wilham St. Clair as a slight compensation for tho earldom ^ 
 Orkney, by a charter of King James HI., dated in H71 
 and xs now the property of Sir James St. Ciair Krski." (no. 
 Earlof Rosslyn), representative of the fan.ily. It was W a 
 principal residence of the Barons of Koslin."-Sc-oi4 
 18.— inch. Island, Gaelic i„^h. 
 
 80. -the ring, in this sport a ring hung from a beam and 
 tho performer endeavored to thrust Lis laL t'ou!;^.? a d 
 bear i off on the point as he rode past at fulls.eed. irrooum 
 a good oyo and a steady hand to do this s„.oossf„l,V T 
 modern military sportof tc-nt-pegging is son.ewhat sin.flar 
 
 ''The lady betrays herself here. Jealous of her maiden 
 modesty, she does not wish it to be suspc.-t.-d wl,; sl'i so 
 anxious to return, but the ea^.-rness wi'th which 'sh'n.k 
 excuses lets it be seen that her real m-.tive is the v.ry one w ch 
 shedisavows."— Stiakt. ■" »'iicn 
 
 T^T^ *!l* ^' '"' ''^'"" "^^"""^"^ tb.1t the prime motive of 
 n' Lny and its principal inspiration camo to Scott fn,n. tho 
 
 ■ f? 
 ■•8, 
 
238 
 
 Notes. 
 
 "Christabel" of Coleridge. He did indeed gather some hints from 
 a private copy of Coleridge's poem which supplied some sugges- 
 tions in regard to the metre, but on tlie whole his obligations 
 to that source are scant. Professor J. C. Shairp states the case 
 very fairly :— *• The earlier cantos of The Lay were touched by 
 some remembrances of • Christaliel,' which, however, died away 
 before the end of the poem and did not reappear in any subse- 
 quent one." 
 
 It would be difficult to point out anything in Cantos V. and VI. 
 that bears a trace of Coleridge's dreamy melody. The ballad 
 of " Rosabelle " is widely different in tone and atmosphere from 
 anything Coleridge over wrote. It has the flavor and aroma 
 of the middle age. Professor Thomas Arnold hits itofT happily 
 inafewwords:-"7%ei:;ay .... exhibits the influence 
 of thn old romances much more decidedly than those of later 
 date. Expressions and half lines constantly occur in it, which 
 are transferred unaltered from the older comjiositions; and the 
 vivid minute description of Branksome Hall, with which the 
 poem opens, is quite in the style of tlie old Trouv6res. " 
 
 The truth is that Scott owed very little to any of his con- 
 temporaries. "When his mind addressed itself to original 
 creation, it was not with anymore literary or simulated fervor, 
 but out of the fulness of an overflowing heart that he poured 
 forth his first immortal Lay. In that poem the treasured 
 dreams of years first found a voice ; the stream that had been 
 so long pent up at last flowed full and free." Some one may 
 ask, " Why are these three songs at the betrothal feast steeped 
 with a tragic sadness that seems out of harmony with the 
 rejoicing natural to the occasion ?" It is true that " all three 
 are stories of unhappy love " ; two of them introduce a super- 
 natural element; and the whole series serves admirably to pre- 
 pare our minds for the sudden thunder-burst amid which the 
 Goblin Page and the Magical Book disappear from our view. 
 The proper answer to the question is that we have here an 
 example of skilful dramatic shading which lends probability 
 to the sequel and reveals the consummate art of the poet 
 through the veil of apparent simplicity. 
 
 19-26.— The contrast is striking The twenty barons lie calm 
 and still in consecrated ground within the "hnly vault"; the 
 lovely Rosabelle lies deep down beneath the waters of the stormy 
 
Canto Vf. 
 
 2.39 
 
 approach of an evil suirif T. . "° "' •''"•kn..ss mark the 
 o.a romance. TulX ';, , '^K „",?,.,:°: "'.Cr'^w '","'" 
 
 • Hc-H Uen him to his himtinjr Im' 
 r or to mako hiirly cln-ip • 
 . W.C., lou.l tl.o win.l was l.oanl I., s,„„„i 
 Am nn curf hq.iHko rork'd f 1„. /i„.,r. ' 
 Ami durkiu'ss cncrVl n'Uw hull 
 \\ h.^ro they s,t ut their iiu-at ;' 
 J ho Bray dogs hoxvling i,.ff t,,fir t,to,\ 
 
 Aiirl crept to ironric's f,.,,t. 
 And louder howld the rising wind 
 And hurst t ho fastenM door- ' 
 And in there camo a griosly ^host. 
 fetoo<l stamping on tho lloor." 
 
 infr J.^*!: 1-rxi, ,7j;/-^p^"« H... w .p„at- 
 ducHon „„ pa,^ 48. The Jolii: , 'J j;;;;'-?„'' »="- 
 
 It seems odd that after reading pa-os 118 no nr,^ ion 
 
 r , r :';t4r " '° "°'"' ™ '"■' "- " " <- 
 
 a drunken «t ,„..,ro that he w„, fd flLd „„t iSe^ T '" 
 turo was dos or devil Wh„t . ." "I' "'"«'■<"■ 'Iw crea- 
 
 third day in greaVagl^J!' ''"•'° """"• """ "-" "» "» 
 
 « 
 
 t 
 
 I 
 
240 
 
 Notes. 
 
 n-8. — On comparing this doscription with that givau oi» pago 
 5J8, linos 15-18, wo at once identify the wizard. 
 
 15.— plight. Condition, promise, vow ; A.S. i>liht, risk, <lan- 
 gor, pledge. 
 
 16.— Saint Bride. "A favorite saint of tlio Jiouse of Dou- 
 glas, and of the Karl of Angus in particular."— Scott. 
 
 22. — St. Modan. A traditionary a>>1)ot of l>ryl)urgh, which 
 was near Melrose. (See cut, pago 135.) 
 
 24.— Rood of Lisle. The holy cross at Lille in France. 
 
 Pllffe 121, 12 — uneatll. Hardly, scarcely. From «», 
 not, eiithe, easy. 
 
 13.— higll-drawn. Tho exprossion is cbscuro, and has been 
 iuterprotod to mean " drawn so as to bo audible," and " drawn 
 so faintly as not to bo hoard." Tho first agrees best with 
 •' might hear uneath." 
 
 28.— cowl. (See page 38, line 8, note.) 
 
 scapular. Lat. urapnlae, the shoulder-blades ; two bands of 
 woollen stuff, one crossing the back or shoulders and tho other 
 hanging down the breast. 
 
 29.— Stoles. C^e page 101 , line n, note.) Tho passage moans 
 that tho Cistercian order of monks at Molroso woro black hoods 
 and scapulars with white robes. 
 
 in order due came. 
 
 32.— Taper and liost and book. 
 
 wafer, and missal. 
 
 Candle, consecrated 
 
 PajJTO 122, 2.— mitred. Wearing tho mitro, a kind of 
 pointed cap worn on solemn occasions by bishops, archbishops, 
 cardinals and abbots. 
 
 8.— requiem. (Se.^ page lOl, lino 10, note.) 
 
 11.— the Offlee close. The close of tho office. An " ofTico " 
 is a form of prayer or service sot down for a particular occa- 
 sion ; the reference hero is to " tho Otlice for the Dead." 
 
 12.— hymn of intercession. It is not very clear what hymn 
 is meant. It may bo tho intercossional prayer wliich is repeated 
 at the close of each division of the service for the dead. 
 
Canto V|. 
 
 211 
 
 1 «— burden. R„frain ro|n,ufco.l at th., vwl ..f each Hti,.r . I. 
 generally gives tl.o themo ,„. m,l,i.<.t of rl.., ' .'"",' "^•'- /' 
 term n.ay l.e loosely applied to tL';,!..!:':,. '* " '"" 
 
 14.— song, 'i'hisfumoas Latin livmiinrTl., ^ i? 
 
 r...'~- * xi -iT ""•" 'ij'iiiij oi 1 Horn IS, a Fraiii'i>»f>n.ii 
 
 nar of the Neapolitan village of Celano, was con pos.l r^J 
 Iho original consists of seventeen three-lino sta, . ^ i 
 
 Stir"' :' '""^ '' ''''' "-'"•' ^"^"- 8^:::^ '^ly,;:;; 
 
 for the Dea.l is only a free paraphrase of three stunxas The 
 hymn was one <.f Scott's favorites, an.l in his lastil.I The va! 
 often heard repeating it to himself. ''K'noss I.e was 
 
 "On that jfrciit. tJiat awful flay. 
 
 Tl'is vain w.„I,l slii.ll pasmiway. 
 I litis lheKil.y|s,uijr„f„|,i^ 
 
 Thii> I ath holy David tul.l. 
 
 Thci^ sliull he a deadly fear 
 
 When the Avjiiy,.,- shall apiusir 
 
 A,!d unveiled before His eye. 
 
 All the works of nn-n shall liJ. 
 Hark ! to the tfreat ti-nni|.ets tones 
 I Vuliiifc' oer the |)la<e of Lones ; 
 Hark! it wakclh fr.un (luir Led 
 All Iheiiatii.nsof (hcMlead.- 
 Inucounn.sstlir.Mitflo meet 
 At the eternal jndifmeiit seat. 
 
 ' ■ • • . 
 
 Oh, the horrors of that day ! 
 
 When (his frame of sinful clay. 
 
 Starting from its burial |»lai c 
 
 3Tust iM-hold Tlue face to fact*. 
 
 II<;ar and pity, hea' and ai.l. 
 
 .Spare (he creatures Thuu hast mad.- : 
 
 Afercy. merry, Kav(\ fory^ive. 
 
 Oh. who shall look on Thee and live ? " 
 
 t».^^' ^^\7^- '^'''? ''■''^ "^ '"■''^'''' ^^'^^ (^"•^'••^'^ 'J'vy shall dissolv,. 
 the world m ashes." (See ^,..„.., i. „; ,,f , ,,,, ... f: 
 
 2H.-hIgh trump. (See l CW. xv. 25. l 
 
 "In the closing lines Scott has embodied what was, at the 
 tnno when he penned them, the chief day-dream of A^hestiol 
 n,nn 1 •* ; ■ "" ''•^'•■^"''•1 himself with the i.loa ofhuyjn., a 
 mountain farm, and becoming not only the ' shcrilf,' bu^the 
 
 ■ t 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
242 
 
 NOTKH. 
 
 /am/ of the cairn ami thoHcaiir" During tho n- 
 
 oe«8 of IWH, ciroumst;incu9 ruu.U.nMl it next to certain that the 
 small estate of Jiru,i,lnu,ulu„u, situated just over against tho 
 ruins of Newark .-n tho nurthtrn bank of tho Yarrow, woul.l 
 bo exposed for sale; and many a time did he ride round it 
 .... surveying tlie beautiful little domain with wistful 
 
 ^y^* I 'oni^ider it as, in one point of view, tlio 
 
 greatest misfortune of his life tliat this vision wasnotrealizi'd ; 
 but tlio success of tho i)()eiii itself changed ' the spirit of his 
 dream.'"— Lockhiirt, vol. ii. 
 
 Scott Uicanie business partner with Ballantyne and invested 
 the purchase mon.y of Br..adnioad(.ws in tho publishing con- 
 cern. Later on tliis investment turned out to bo tlio cause of 
 tho great financial disaster tliat overtook Sir Walter in 182f5. 
 (See jiage 1H7.J 
 
 OPINIONS AND CRITICISMS. 
 
 Tho following paragraphs give a few additional points of 
 information and a number of critiiiuos from standard authori- 
 ties whicii will assist the student in forming his own judgment 
 as he reviews the whole iioem. It will Ikj seen that several con- 
 flicting opinions have been (quoted. 
 
 " ^^'^ history of the. Eiujtixh mefrical romance appears shortly to 
 ho, that at least tho first examples of it were translations from 
 tho French ;— that there is no evidence of any such having 
 been produced before tlio close of tho turfjih century ;— that in 
 tho thirtaudh century were composed tho earliest of those we 
 now possess in their original form ;— that in thu fourteenlh, tho 
 English took the place of tho French metrical romance with all 
 classes, and that this was the era alike of its highest ascen- 
 dancy and of i*3 niust abundant and felicitous production ;— 
 that in the JiJ^eeiUh it was supplanted by another species of 
 poetry among the more educated classes, and had also to con- 
 tend with another rival in tho prose romance, but that, never- 
 theless, it still c tinucd to be produced, although in lessquan- 
 tity and of inferior fabric for tho use of the common people ;— 
 
Opivionh am, Criticihmh. o|3 
 
 an.l thot if, dirl not altogotlier ceai.o » . l « 
 
 after the co,„monc«,nent f tZ . *'' '*"^' *""«» '»" 
 
 time the tu.ste /or 1^.1 Lr r " f "•'"'"'•^' *''-"™ *hiH 
 •«a.st counting fro,. L %' ? ''^ *""''"** "'^'"'^'"'^ Ct 
 
 national la.rftw::l^"r r"'"'^ ''^ '^^'"•''' '" '^e 
 
 art.. t..e lap. of u;::::;;:: ti^x'.r '^^ '^ ''^""' 
 
 it the subject of a Mll7 H:\'!i'^''"'''r '^ ""'' ^"" ^ '-'^° 
 elucidation of the '' o mint In^U ./""^f f'^ ''^''"""^ '» *h« 
 and bard of the same irstrlt I ""-" '" "" ""'""' ^•^*^' 
 sequel, intendinrtT.o wh I ; T ""'^^P" completed his own 
 
 castsaboatforin.7nr;aiot:fJi ?•''''"'? ^'''*"«^*' '^"^ 
 might bo adopted withll f ^ of diction and rhymo which 
 
 year or two before of Zi.^l St-'lJart's casual recitation, a 
 
 fixed the music oahl'^o^ f;::^ t Ms L^'^^^^^^'^" '^'"^ 
 occurs to him. that bv fl.^^ ."^^^o^ent in his memory ; and it 
 
 ■somewhat of a s mill^a . f "-''"'^ "' "^"^''^ ilornerinto 
 
 -me. distur^d ;;;:« "anl /"'^ T ''^'^"°^ ^-"^^- 
 Prohably all that h'e rerplat, b:t"ri's T' «T'"' ^^^ 
 mont in the midst of „ „T .^"^ ' ^"* ^'^ .iccidental confino- 
 moditate his hem« / *,/"^"°'^^'^ «'^'"P gave lam leisure to 
 
 thereflloLn h m tho"; "?' "' *'« ''"«'«' ^^^ -^'^-'y 
 as to embra e r v "d nanoT "M""" '" ""^''^ """-« - 
 
 and tumult an^ lu IrtTaTslnl t th' I'-^^hr "'^ "^ ? ' 
 on the Miwsfrti.u had b^i '"''^7*'f.^*'"-h i"3 researches 
 even the minutest featnr^b f L'' "^ '"' ^"'agination, until 
 with unconscLus iitenr r^"' '"^^" '"'"" ^^^^ ^«-'--l 
 for himselHn Z na,t I' '^"P'^^^^' «« '^at be had won 
 
 familiar tLlpCent"Fr:;"''''p^"'^^ '^'^ ^"'""''^^ - 
 he would do wel toTvide tl "^ Cranstoun suggests that 
 
 eachofthema nlttoox^^^^^^^^ cantos, and prefix to 
 
 ionofSpenserrC.FaorTS:'' I? 
 
 'aoryi^ueen. He pauses for a moment 
 
 'm 
 
244 
 
 NoTKH. 
 
 —Olid tho hoppieHt coiu^uption «)f tlic frainowork of a picturosqiio 
 narrativo that evor o<c,..in<d to any pm-t— ouo that irmnor 
 might hiivoenvh'd— tho cri'atii 111 of tliu aneioiti harper Htarts 
 to life. By Buch stcp^ did the A/iy o/tht. Jai"/ Mimlitl jjruw out 
 of tho Mimtrtlxy o/t/n Svttlt'uih //o/vA/-.— Iamkhakt. 
 
 •• Thf. Micrif o/thf. xiirrtMM u/S<,>trM /Hxtrif lay partly in Jiin miii- 
 joctH, partly in his niodo of troatinj,' thnrii, and partly in liis 
 versification. Ho lovps to ski'teh kni<,'htlMMKl and rhivalry. 
 baronial castloa, tho camp, tho court, tho grove, with antiqiu' 
 manners and institutions. T<. tlu-so \w adds hojiutifiil descrip- 
 tions of natural scenery anrl grapliic doliMoati<»ns of passion 
 and character. If is i)ersona','os he takes sonietinies from his- 
 tory and somotinies from imagination, the former idealized l.y 
 fancy and tho latter made the more r«>al hy Ix-ing associated 
 with men and women already familiar to us on tho page of 
 history or in actual life. Tho knights of Spenser, tho every- 
 day life of Chaucer, the ladies of Shakespeare, tho antiquarian 
 lore of Drayton, all meet on canvas, and everytliing cajiahlo of 
 life seems endow('d with it. In his power of vivifying and har- 
 monizing all his characters, Scott is second only to Sha''- 
 spearo. For background ho has magnificent groupings of la 
 scape and incident, which acquire additional charm fron le 
 power ho gives them of exciting liuman sentiment and omo. .on. 
 His n:>:si/fraf!oii, moreover, is ever api)ropriato to his purpose ; 
 it is based upon the eight-syllabled rhyming metre of the Trou- 
 vJires, which was admirably adapted by its easy flow for narra- 
 tive powers. But that metro alone would have been very 
 monotonous; Seott has, therefore, blemlfd with it a fre<iuont 
 mixture of ..ther kinds of Englisli verse, trochaic, dactylic, and 
 anapestic ; liis most a -mon expedient is to employ a short 
 six-syllabled lino aftoi octf)-syllabic couplets or triplets— a 
 variety th.it gives at once melody and strength. At other times 
 he makes tho third and sixth linos rhyme, forming a six-lino 
 stanza. The idea of this versifi.-.vtion, Scott himself s.iys, was 
 taken from tho example of C(deridge, and especially from tho 
 'Christabel.'"— Anois. 
 
 " Tho only poetical form which could possibly have compre- 
 hended Scott's genius in all its bnuulth w.is" tho lhu„iat;,. 
 Drauialic potrcr, in th>i vuhxhuiad >ttn.st, he />a*st.s.sefZ in tht hiijh>M 
 
botJmn ago. ho would ..,.. l.avo rant .vl' "^ *" "'" ^'"'''*- 
 
 thor8hof«lthir„«,.lf alwav,.fr,.. i ''j"^'*"'\ *"" "P'ntual l,ro. 
 Ho i, ono of the ..y)7]Z^'' ':?? ^" '"^ "--F-thic,. 
 
 oven loH. worthily than in L" J . . ''''"''•■'*''^ ''^'•"» 
 
 scorn as if every groat a"o 1. 1 '"""^'""- '^ ^""''l 
 
 ">vnformofexZ:;;irh.^ 'a ::j;r:^ v^- ^""•' 
 
 Scott's time was an obsuleto tiZ ' ^ ''" ^*''*""^ '" 
 
 -ith all Scott', "a:: t ;^:=;'°-?- -j-''-^ 
 
 The ono shape in which all r t, j /^t J''' ''"■'" "'^'"""• 
 rovealo.1 was the Xovl Tho N'nl . ''"'""" "^"^ '" ^' 
 
 what tho Drama walfor Sh .k "'' ^'"" ''"' ''''>- '^^•' ''"• ''"" 
 
 his various talo^trt^o to fi' r'""r''' |'!^ "^"•- Tlu-ro all 
 tion. his tragic intern t^; h\'7''^^' ''.r «'"-••' ^'^serva- 
 humour."-HALia. ^ ' excollenco, his iufiuito 
 
 '* From tho various oxtracu wn u^ 
 W en.1,1., t„ ,,„.,„ a t.,"""; l°,^^,^7""' '"■-"-'- win 
 
 .."«■ bcuu exl,il,U..,l, ,™ ,„,,„ v,.,.t„J . . '"'' '"'"' 
 
 t..mb-U,e march oU Jb "n ^7^ "l"'''''',"'', "' ''■" "-'^-l'- 
 ".e w.il. of t,,o ea»tl,, a..,;".',', ,7":; ,,";L"'""'^ '"""™ 
 
 und poetical oncr-'v vlii.J. u..h • i '" """"" ''''•''t 
 
 passu,..s occur in ev ' v pan o n n " '"l"' "''"^^ ''^ •^'-^ 
 
 striking un.l merito io': . 'h 7'" '"''"•" ^''" '"-" 
 thom. uithout injury in t'l.o f f ""r"-n'lo to dotu„h 
 
 to apprize tne. r. -.A , Ln t 1 'I ' r"""'''"- ^^ '^ '"'* f'^''" 
 
 won to hear of ' thr ..allmt f) ; "' """/'""y. We liko very 
 
 Kni,htofUlde.ia^::'::^^::;;:: :::;;;;:Y'''''^^ 
 
 names wh.n wo n-id of tl. . , •« " I'^^^-iting p„wcr of gro.-it 
 
 • beneatK .i,..,..::;,,':;'';;;:;:,,: ";;,,;';::';•-' '•• "■" »-• 
 
 ucrs.' Iiut„.^ ,,„//,, ,.„„, , M. p. urns i,.in-i..d Kan- 
 
 '«;,-.»,■«„ J/,,,.' , :;ir:,f;;,r'";''''-' • ■''" "■■ '-" ""- 
 
 '^^i any ijlow of patriotis,,. or ancient 
 
24rt 
 
 JJllTK.S. 
 
 vtrtuo in hearing uf the T(m1. 
 ArmHtnmgMauil TiiiUiiii!« ; ■' 
 tioii i>f niauk Jock of At)i«> 
 Fire-tliu-DruoB, Bud Bulanu I 
 thiuH, whu 
 
 III Hrotliiiiiliini! , 
 
 ; I.I- >' himtuii claiiM, <ir of KIliotH, 
 
 I '.' H 'un wo ri'li^h tln» iiitnHliio 
 
 W' itNlndetliuIlawk, Arthtir- 
 
 I' -nT. or any other of thosu wor- 
 
 ,Hl .1, 
 I'lit'lli' 
 
 1- •iic/.h. 
 
 b'llll. 
 
 to mri<iiHni»«H or dig- 
 iiiiglit liavi' adiiiittixl 
 
 into a poem wliioh hat* »ny |>n^bei -i)' 
 
 iiity. The nnciot;t motricj nunnn -i 
 
 the«e homely iHirRonalitiou, but thoprowiit age will not emlunt 
 
 thorn ; and Mr. Scott must uithci 8acrifi<u his Border preju- 
 
 dicoH or offend all hia roadors in the other parts of the empire."— 
 
 .Ikkkhky, 180r>. 
 
 t "'■ 
 
 "The lar<j:«i quotationn wo have made from this singular 
 p<H'm must have convinced our readers that it alniunds eiiualiy 
 with poetical description and witii circumstunct-s curious to thi- 
 antiquary. These are further illustrate<i in copious and very 
 entertaining notes; tlu-y, as well as /A^ /«»/«, iint"/ In jmrticu- 
 far/i/ iiiferentiiKj to tho»t who art run •lit) >l with Srttf/ixh /nini/ux, or 
 tonrtr'otiit in thtir history. The author ha» maiiatfnl th< n rsijica- 
 tiu j/thtftotm with ijreatjudijintitt and tfit mottt ha/tpi/ ejlicf. If 
 ho had aimed at the grave and stately cadi-nce of tho epic, or 
 any of our moro regular measures, it would have been im,ossi- 
 blo for him to have brought in Buch names as Wat Tiulinn, 
 Black John, Priesthaugh, Scrogg, and other Scottish names, or 
 to have spoken of the lykvwaki, and the .s/oifuv, and >lri ri mj of raf- 
 tfe, which Popo and (Jray would have thought as imiiossiblo to 
 introduce into serious poetry as Boilcau did the names of towns 
 in tho campaigns of Louis IV. Mr. Scott has, tlierefore, very 
 judiciously thrown in a great mixture of the familiar, and var- 
 ied the measure ; and if it has not the finished harmrmy which, 
 in such a subject, it were in vain to have attempted, it has 
 great ease and spirit and u< v r tires tho reader. Indeed we 
 think wo see a tendency in the publio taste to go back to the 
 moro varied measures and familiar style of our earlier poets ; a 
 natural consequence of having been satiated with the regular 
 harmony of Popo and his school, and somewhat wearied with 
 the stiffness of l<jf ty poetic language. " — The Annwtl Jieritu , 18o4. 
 
"Then hi-, ;«#/vr* of ,t, *,i,^;,m „:,;■ ,,u,,,„„ll.,l ...Ttulrilv 
 
 n.tv.T mirpuHHt..!. lfUlai..|H..a,H,H, luHdmr.i..f..rH I Mituutioi,^ 
 
 wore ull n-.ul .l.ain.iitio.m; i„ geu.ml ..iT.vt aiul lu.livi.l.ml 
 .l«tailH, thoy wen, eM.iully porfout. N.,„o ..f Iuh .v.ut.MnpMiarioH 
 luwi the Humo pieturu«.,ti«„oHH, fui,ry, ,.r invrnti,,,,; i,„„y m, 
 graphic in d«pictin{fi„u„,H.M ui„l ci.Ht.,mH; „„„o «„ f,.,tiU. ii, 
 .uvoiitinjf incMouU; ,., ,„o ho fuHrlnatin^ i,, ni.rrutiv.., or s.. 
 various and puvvcrful iii JoMcr ptioii."-CiiAMi.KKs. 
 
 .Sr«//. .-omnuv,.. ,\ flh hi. ,■,>:,... .,:,.. n,~hul\, l.nru ui..| 
 rugg.MK with a Hwift .loep sfrruin -f sfm,, ^< p„ro f,.,.|i„jj runnii,.^ 
 throuyf, it. There i • pl.-nty of c.,|,.r in hi^ pioti.r..., as th.^n. 
 1^ on tlieSr.tch hilU when tho houthor U o .t. An.l «., thtro i. 
 !'Kmtyofinr.3nsityof«iii,pl.., nuti.nil, ui.Hophisti«at,,.|, l.unly 
 und manly .iiaracters. B„t us f.,r 8.,l.tl..ti,.s an.l fiuo nhmli-sof 
 fouling in his poonis, or anything like th., manifold haimoni... 
 of tho rich.T arts, th.-y aro not to l.o f.-un-l : itis„„|y ,xt H... 
 .•xp..n8o of tho higher .luuliti.s of his n.niantic p.-.-try th.t ..vn 
 in tins small niousurn it is siipplit'.l."— Hi rr.iN. 
 
 "Friends to pn-cininn of .'pithrt will pr..l.al.U .1, ny ,i, 
 
 lothtnn,n>io/,,,rnt. Ono kn.»vvs i,„t what i-l.-a " woi |,y , , i„ 
 
 namo of groat, what purpos.,, instinct, ,r toml.- y tli.. t c.nl! 
 
 1.0 called great, Sct)tt was ever inspii.-d with. His lu- ua^ 
 
 worldly, his ambitions w.-re worldly. Tl,. re j, nothing ^,.i,.i, 
 
 ual in him ; all is economical, mat^irial f t o eartli^^arthy 
 
 A lovo of pictures., u.., of heautifiil, vi_ -n is, ami "ru.-.i-il 
 
 things; a genuine love, yet not .,i.,ro gon ,in., than ha° .ju.lt 
 
 nihun.lifdsof men, name.l mim.r p.,. ts-t.us is tho lii-h.-t 
 
 .luality to 1.0 discerned in him .... ft w.-re a Ion- .^hap 
 
 ter to uiif.d.l the dilTi'n.nce in draw!,, ,^ a dianuM. r hotwr.-n 
 
 Scott ami a Shakespeare or Co.-tlu.. Y. it a .litToren.-.. liter 
 
 ally immense ; tlu.y are of a .liiren-nt sj i, ; tl, value ,.f the 
 
 one IS not to bo oiinted in the coin of ,. ..tt.er. Wo mi-ht 
 
 say in a short w.>nl, which overs a long : at.r. that 30.11- 
 
 Shakespeare fashhms his characters fn,,.. tl.., h.arr o.ifwanis ; 
 
 your Scott fashions them from the -kin iiiuanl-. ncvr ^'-nin-' 
 
 near tho heart of them. Tho one ^■■t bec.n.e living men ami 
 
 women; tlio other amount to liflo m.jre than m.'.;liani.-al 
 
 cases, deceptively j-aint.^l automat.-i .,."— Caki^vi.i;. 
 
24.S 
 
 Notes. 
 
 "Tlw. tists oj yre.atue>*.H nrr. — (1) hiiinility ; Scott never talks 
 about till! dignity of literature; ho has uo afTectatiou, and 
 although a inaiint'rist, u<) assumption of manner ; and (2) the 
 ease with which ho does his work. But in his faultn, likewise, 
 Ruskin finds him a rei)resentative of his ajje — 1. In faitliful- 
 ness ; 2. lu the habit of looking idly back on the past without 
 understanding it, without a real wish to rticall it ; 8. In ignor- 
 ance of true art; 1. In the melancholy which underlies his 
 3cei)ticism. Observe, further, tho way in which ho looks at 
 Nature, ' as having an animation and i)athos of its own, wholly 
 irrespective of human presence or passion,' and liis preference 
 for colour over form in landscape painting."— Mokkis, quudny 
 Jlutikin. 
 
 "Yet on tho other hand, tho surliest critic must allow that 
 Scoft «'«■■< a ijr.nuiiie man, which itself isa great matter. No affec- 
 tation, fantasticality, or distortion dwelt in him ; no shadow of 
 cant. Nay, withal, was ho nota r'ujUt Imii't amlMroiKjman, accord- 
 ing to his kind ? What a load of toil, what a measure of feli- 
 city, he quietly bore along with him ; with what quiet strength 
 he both worked on this earth, "ud enjoyed it; invincible to evil 
 fortune and to good ! A most composed invincible man ; in 
 difficulty and distress knowing no discouragement; in danger 
 and menace laughing at tho whisper of fear. And then, with 
 such a sunny current of true humor and humanity, a free, joy- 
 ful sympatliy with so many things; what of firo ho had, all 
 lying so l)eautifully latiiit, as fruitful internal warmth of lile; 
 a most robust, healthy man ! ... If no great man, then 
 something much pleasanter to be, a robust, thoroughly healthy 
 and withal very prosperous and victorious man "— Caulyi.e. 
 
 "Ho has dazzled tho reader with the splend(jr, and even 
 warmed him with tho transient lioat of various alTections ; but 
 he. has iioirhi re. fa'nl i/ liii<ll((l h!m irith i iithiis'ntxin or nxlhtl him 
 into tentUrneiM. Writing for the world at large, he has wisely 
 abstained from attempting to raise any passion to a height to 
 which worldly people could not be transporteil, and contented 
 himself with giving Ids reader the chance of feeling, as a bravo, 
 kind, and afTuetiouato gentleman must often feel in tlio ordin- 
 ary course of his existence, witlumt trying to breathe into liiin 
 either that lofty enthusiasm which disdains the ordinary busi- 
 ness and amusunu i.ts of life, or that quiet and deep sensibiliiy 
 
 
OPIXUINS AM) CUITKISMS. 
 
 I'll) 
 
 which unfits f..r most .,f its |.uisuit.s. With n-ar.I t„ .lictim, 
 uiid iina-fi-y, to.,, it is quito «>l.vi..us tlmt J/,-. S,;>tt hnx vot aim,,! 
 iU ,n;l„n, ,ith<r in a r,,y ,„tre or a r.nj run.isU ,d slyl,. Ho s»H-ms 
 to iiavo l,oen anxious only to strike, and to h« t-usily and univor- 
 sally uu.lorstood ; and, for tliis i.urpose, to hav., cullod the 
 most glittering and conspicuous expnissions of the most popular 
 authors, and to have interw<,von thtm in splendid confusion 
 with hig own nervous diction and irregular versification. In- 
 ditrerent whether ho coins or borrows, and drawing w ith equal 
 freedom on his memory and his imagination, he goes l.ol.JIy 
 forward, in full reliance on a never-failing al.und;:uce, and 
 dazzles, with his richness and variety, oven those who are m.,st 
 apt to bo offended with his glare an.l irregularity. Th.ro is 
 nj'tliing, in Mr. Scott, of the severe and maj.stic stylo of 
 Milton -or of tlio terse and fiuo composition of Pop,- „r of tli,, 
 elaborate eloganco and t. ludy of Campbell- nr excn of tin, 
 flowing and redundant diction of Southey."— .Jkkfkkv. 
 
 " llyroa and Srolt nr,: not easi/y romi»ir,,l. Scott is the poet of 
 mmantic history. Byron „f actual and everyday life. Scott 
 •Icvelopshis characters through his plot, Uyron by .lirect de- 
 scription of their thoiigiits and speech. Sett is s.'ldom seen in 
 his hues, Byron is the chief fi-ure iu his. Scott is ever trustful, 
 gentle, unselfish, chlvaliuus : in nyn.n we have h)fty -enius 
 and generous impulses in strangest combination with misan- 
 thro,,y, scepticism, and lici-nti.,usness. Scott is intensely 
 human, Bynm 'Satanic' Both, h.nvever, are mannerists, and 
 both are writers of animate.1 poetry. Both excel in paintin- 
 strong passion iu cutiast with feminine softness an.l delicacy 
 (Scott's skill in passion-painting bciui,. shown chiiily in his 
 novels), but tlie softness of Byron's heauties is sensual and 
 Eastern. " — A no is. 
 
 " Theij an: dlsliiirilr, 1;, f,„.l-< „f arih; lij,. Thoy portray, in 
 sf.irited narrative, idealized resemblances of tho scenes of 
 
 reality ; events which arise out of the universal relations of soci- 
 ety, hoj !sand fears, and wishes which aieopen to the conscious- 
 ness of all mankind. They neither aspired to the praise of 
 wed.ling poetry with abstract tlu.ught, nor as.-.onded int., th.,^,. 
 secluded walks of fanciful musin- in which none delight but 
 minds very finely tuned. Both of them have described some of 
 
 -^i 
 
250 
 
 Notes. 
 
 their works as talcH ; and it has been said of Scott, while it 
 might with nut less truth have been said of Byroii, tliut his 
 works are roniuuces in verse. It is umiucstiuiiaMe tliat they 
 have neither the elevation nor the regularity belonging to tiie 
 highest kinds of narrative poetry ; and, while the poems of the 
 one are in many points strikingly analogous to his historical 
 novels, those of the other often derive their popular attractive- 
 ness from sources of interest nearly akin to that which prevails 
 in less worthy works of fiction. Bu« the model of both poets 
 was something different from the regular epic, and if thire 
 must be a comparison the standard i? to bo sought elsewhere. 
 Scott, fondly attacLed to the early literature of the land, began 
 his authorship on Tha MiuxtrtlMy of the 8roltinh Ilwdtvwiih tJie 
 reduplicn*lonand imitation of ancient balhuls ; and ho avowedly 
 designed his poems as restorations, with changes suited to 
 modern tastes, of a very interesting olass of poems with which 
 he was not less familiar. His originals were the Romances of 
 Chivalry ; and, after the extraordinary success of his attempts 
 at embodying the chivalrous and national idea, nothing was 
 more natural than that the example should be a))plied, by 
 Byron as well as others, in the construction of narratives found- 
 ed on a different kind of sentiment.'"— Si'ALDiNti. 
 
 "Wordsworth is reported to have said in conversation that, as 
 a poet, Scott cannot lirt^for he him m ri;r irritttii anything atltlrejvied 
 to the immortal part of man. This he said of his poetry, while 
 s)>eaking more highly of his prose writings. Carlyle, on the 
 other hand, has included both under tlio same condemnation. 
 He has said that our highest literary man had no message 
 whatever to deliver to the world : wished not the world to ele- 
 vate itself, to amend itself, to do this or that, except to give him 
 for the books he kept writing, payment, which he might button 
 into his breeches pocket. All this moralizing bears somewhat 
 hard on Scott. Is it true ? Is it the whole truth ? Is there 
 nothing to be set over against it ? On Scott's side may it nut 
 be said, that it ii noxmall thing to have h.en tlie irriter who, alnn^ 
 all ofhem, has delighted childhowi and hot/hood, delighted tliem and 
 affected them in a way that the self-cuus-'ious moralizing 
 school of writers never could do? There must l>e mmtthing high 
 or noiUe in that which can .so take unnophiMicated fiearts. In his 
 later days Scott is reported to have asked Laidluw what he 
 
OpivroNs AVI) Ckiticisms. 251 
 
 thought the moral influence, uf hh writings had been. Luidlaw 
 well replied that his works wore the delight of tl.o young, and 
 that to have so reaclie.1 their hearts was surely a good work to 
 have done. Scott was affect-d almost to tears, as well ho might 
 
 /"• • •. Poetry refuses to be made over as the 
 
 handmaid of anyone philosophy or view of life or system of 
 lH;lief . But It 13 equally true that it naturally allies itself only 
 with what is highest and best in human nature . 
 Naturally it is the ally of all things high and pure; among 
 tlieso IS Its home."— SuAiKi-. " 
 
 " It were late in the day to write criticisms on those Metrical 
 Romances : at the same time, wo may remark, the great 
 popularity they had seems natural enough. In the first place 
 there was the indis,)utable impressof worth, of genuine human 
 orce, m them. This which lies in some degree, or is thought 
 to he, at the bottom of ail popularity, did to an unusual de-reo 
 .hsr'ose itself in these rhymed romances of Scott's. Pictures 
 were actually painted and presented, human emotions con- 
 ceived and sympathized with. Scott was as preferable to what 
 he displaced as the substance is to wearisomely repeated 
 shadow of a substance. But, in the second place, wr. may say 
 that the kind of worth which Scott manifested was especially 
 htted for the then temper of men. Wo have called it an a-o 
 fallen into spiritual languor, destitute of belief yet terrified at 
 scepticism ; reduced to live a stinted half-life under strange 
 new circumstances. Now vigorous whole-life, this was what 
 uf all things these delineations offered. The reader was carried 
 back to rough strong times, wherein these maladies of ours had 
 not yet arisen. Brawny fighters, all cased in buff and iron 
 their hearts, too, sheathed in oak a M triple brass, caprioled 
 their huge war-horses, shook their death-doing sj^ars, and 
 went forth in the most determined manner, nothing doubting 
 The reader sighed, yet not wil^out a reflex solacement: 'Oh 
 that I too had lived in those times, had never known these 
 logic-cobwebs, this doubt, this sickliness, and been and felt 
 myself alive among men alive !' And, histly, that in this new- 
 found poetic world there was no call for effort on tI,o reader's 
 part ; what excellence they had, exhibited itnelf at a glance It 
 was for the reader, not the VA Dorado only, but a beatific land 
 of Cockaigne and Para.lise of Donothings! The reader was 
 
 ^ : 
 
252 
 
 Notes. 
 
 allowed to lie down at his ease and be ministered to. Tlie lan- 
 guid imagiiiation fell back into its rest ; an artist was tliere 
 who could supply it with high-painted scenes, with seijuences 
 of stirring action, and whisper to it, 'Be at ease, and let the 
 tepid element be comfortable to thee.' ' The rude man,' says 
 a critic, ' requires only to see something going on. The man 
 of more refinement must be made to feel. The man of complete 
 refinement must be made to reflect.' "— Caui.ylk. 
 
 SCOTT'S PLACE IN LITERATURE, 
 
 BT 
 
 WILLIAM CLARK, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., 
 Professor in Trinity UniversUy, TorotUo. 
 
 Wr have h€>ro to deal, not with the history of him who has 
 been styled the Wizard of the North, nor with the production 
 of his works during the time of his literary activity, l.ut with 
 the distinguishing characters of his genius, with the place 
 which may be properly assigned to him in the litoruturo of 
 Great Britain or even in the literature of tlie world. 
 
 It is never quite easy to determine the relative position of a 
 great writer; but in the case of Scott there are peculiar diffi- 
 culties. The subjects in which he was most deeply interested, 
 the beauty, purity, and simplicity of his character, the connec- 
 tion of his principal writings with the past history of his 
 country in some of its most romantic aspects, and the manner 
 in which his works were produced— all combine to invest him 
 with an interest which almost forbids a calm jud^jmontof his 
 works. Around his own native land he has thrown such a 
 charm, such a glamour, that to every S<:otchman at least he 
 has become the object of a kind of worship. 
 
 On the other hand, we must not forget that a sort of chill 
 has been thrown over our estimate of Scott by the grudging 
 praise bestowed upon hira by another Scotchman, certainly 
 one of the foremost Scottish names in literature, namely, 
 
.S<u'n's PlacK in J.ITEUATLHK. 253 
 
 Thomas Carlyle. fro.a whoso jn.lgmonts ,„.,. .1., ....t easily 
 .I.fTer--„ot ea..lv, yet sometimes q.uto definitely, evo„ i„ 
 regard to Scottinl. authors with n-forencc to who.n Curlylo 
 had best n.^ht to speak. Thus we cannot a-^ree witl» all 
 Carlyle s utterances i„ ,egar,I to Ta„. o' Shantor, and in differ- 
 ing frojn h.m we have Walter Scott and Burns himself o„ our 
 Hide So, with regard to his famous essay on Scott, we nn^ht 
 perhaps say that it woul.l form an excellent text for tl.o stu.ly 
 of our great poet and novelist, tl.o student l.eing duly admon- 
 .she,l to note can.fully tho points in which he was .-onstrained 
 to agree or differ with the essayist. 
 
 Shaking <.urs..lves free alike frou. the infl.iences of partiality 
 and unfavorable prejudice, ue have no hesitation ina.signin^ 
 ^ S,.,ot the first ph.ce un.ong Scottish literary n.en and a verj 
 high place a.nong all writers of English, or indeed of any 
 human ianarua'i'e. -^ 
 
 To Login with his poetry, we cannot claiu, for him the nan.o 
 of a great poet; yet surely the pl.-.ce recently and somewhat 
 «rudg,nglyass,gne.l to hi,,, is low.r than that wl.i..l, l.e n.ay 
 
 r.g htfully cla.,n. If you .ill listen to so of our „.odern 
 
 cntics you will off.ee half of tho .an.es of our Hritish poets 
 f om the roll Dryden and Pope must go, to s.y nothi,lg of 
 the later poets of tho eighteenth century, and then Seot^, of 
 course, and even Byron. Before w. fall in wiM, th.-so peremp. 
 ory decisions, it would be as well to look out the n.ea^ing of 
 the word Poetry m our dictionaries, and ask whether these 
 rejected poets fulfil tho requirements of the word. For one 
 thing Poetry is Song, and it is song expressed in words that 
 hold the oar and the h.art and stir the pulses. It seen.s to us 
 that Scott does all this and more Tho man who ,an read 
 some of tho Introductions in T/. 1,,,,, and tho Battle in 
 Mar„„on, to go no further, and can find no poetry in the,„ 
 must not only be difficult to pleaso but son.ewhat perverse in 
 
 Milto.fT"" n- '• '' "' ^'■'"' '^"' '^«°" '^""^ ""^ rank with 
 Milton in sublimity, .,r with Coleridge in profundity, or with 
 
 Spenser in elevation of thought, or with Shakesp.-are and 
 
 ^haucer m strength, there is yet a large ai^a in the realm of 
 
 poetry, outside these limits, and Scott may fairly claim a place 
 
 It was from the old Ballads that Scott received his poetic-U 
 inspiration and impulse ; an.I it will iciuire a now definition of 
 
 li 
 
254 
 
 NOTRS. 
 
 poetry before we can acquiesce in the haninhmnnt of those 
 glorious old compositions from tliat realm. Wi.'ll, wo do not 
 hesitate to declare that some of the ballads of Walter Scott 
 will bear comparison with the very best of those which he so 
 lovingly collected in his Bonier MiimtrdMy. Tliey are full of 
 life, action, passion, and all those elements that go to form a 
 great ballad. If, however, we must refuse to claim the highest 
 place for Scott as a poot, we have no hesitation in putting him 
 at the head of all the novelists, and in doing so wo are not 
 forgetful that in certain qualities he has his superiors. For 
 example, as a Ittferatmr, or in simpler words as a writer of 
 English, we should place Fielding or Thackeray before him. 
 But, taking into consideration all the qualities which consti- 
 tute a living, attractive, permanently interesting story-telh-r, 
 he is at the head o{ them all. 
 
 Scott's chief interest lay in the past history of his people, 
 and more particularly the Borderers, to whom his ancestors 
 belonged. One might almost say that his idoul of human social 
 life was the feudal system. It ran in his very bluod and it 
 expressed itself in all his literary work and, one might say, in 
 all his aims. Here lay the strength and the weakness of hi.-) 
 character. If ever it could be said of any one — that which U 
 true of almost every one — it could be said emphatically of 
 Scott : he had the defects of his qualities. His ambition was 
 to be a feudal lord. There was nothing mean, selfish, sordid 
 in this ambition : it was the aspiration of n, noble, generous 
 disposition, which showed the best side of the magnanimous 
 man of Aristotle. This is certainly the spirit that pervades all 
 the best of Walter Scott's work in fiction. 
 
 In the depicting of characters and individuals Scott is 
 scarcely inferior to Shakespeare. We know the prominent 
 persons in his novels as wo know intimate acquaintances. Mr. 
 Carlyle has some remarks about their being depicted from 
 Without inwards. If this means that we merely get to know n 
 number of things about them and not the men themselves, we 
 are sure that the criticism will not be sustained. We know the 
 men and the women in the unity of their lives and not at all 
 as parts of men and women connected in some accidental 
 manner. It is this which makes them seem to us as neighbours, 
 as friends, as persons who could by no means be taken for any 
 one else except themselves. We know their outward appear- 
 
.Scon's Vl.MK IV LlTKIJATl'Ui:. 
 
 2nn 
 
 aiico cprtaiul3-, l.ut murh mom thnu tliis : wo soem to n-cogm'/o 
 tho very soiin.l of thoir voices an<l thoir inuunorof spwech ami 
 Inliavior. 
 
 There is one quality in Scott whicli must -ivo him a high 
 I'laeo among writers of historical roman.u'S. Wo refer to his 
 remarkable insight into the character of tho men whom ho 
 brings forward in his storios. It has been sai.l tliat ho tak.s 
 considerable liboities with history; and we imagine that nw.st 
 novelists have done tho same, nor are tlioy to bo blamed for 
 this. But he takes no liberties witli his dmmnHH jh,:->ou,i: 
 Tliero are few indeed of his judgments of historical characters 
 that will need to be revisod, f«w of his repn^sentations that will 
 require modification. Some time ago a memoir of .lohn f Jraham 
 of Clavorhouso was published, in which certain documents 
 previously unknown were brought to light. It was remarked 
 by a critic that several representations of Claverhouso would 
 have to Ih) mo<lifiod in consequence of these discoveries, but not 
 tho portrait painted by Scott. Tho explanation is simple. 
 Scott had done tho very thing which Carlylo has complained 
 of his not doing: ho had seized the inner nature and principle 
 of his hero and got to understand him as a living power, and 
 his view could not bo affected by small matters of detail. 
 
 Again and again this clearness of insight in Scott is brought 
 home to those of his readers who have an intimate aciuaintance 
 with the perio<l of his stories an<l the characters that are made 
 to appear in them. We doubt, for example, whether any 
 account in existence of James I. will give as true and as vivid 
 an idea of that monarch's personality as tho Forlii,,,'^ of Xl,,,/. 
 Kven when Scott has no great sympathy with his characters, 
 ho hardly ever misrejm^sents them. The Cromwell of Wood- 
 stock would have been far from satisfying tho admirers of the 
 groat Protector; yot even they could not deny that at least 
 one side of his life was fairly represented. 
 ^ One complaint has been made— and this particularly by 
 Carlyle— that there was no mural purpose in Scott's writing, 
 such, for example, jis in Tioethe. Hero is a criticism on whic°h 
 many sentences might be expended. In the first place, it comes 
 into sharp collision with another school r.f critics who • U us 
 that tho introduction into works of fiction <.f a mf)ral purpose 
 is an interference with tho aims of art. Those critics are not 
 quite easy to please. Obviously both schools cannot possibly 
 
2r,G 
 
 NOTKH, 
 
 •»G pleasod hy the same writer, h4» it nmy In- winor for tJio artiftt 
 to tuko hisuwti couraeand follow tho prum|>ting8 of Ijih own 
 gcniiiH. 
 
 Tho very oaiiio accusation which is brought ngainst Scott in 
 equally a|>ijllcnl»le to Shakeapearo, who set human life before 
 us in all its fornjs, in its strength and its weakness, in its 
 simplicity and complexity, in its good and its evil. It is 
 strange— almost amusing— to think that Willulm M^ixltr 
 should l)o thought to have a moral purjioso and Thr Jlnnf of 
 .VliUofhinn none. Tho truth is that tho beautiful simplicity 
 of Scott's nature almost forbade his looking to tho right hand 
 or to tho left when he was doing his best to 8«'t In-foro tin- 
 ri'ador the characters and events which formed tho subject of 
 liis writing. Moreover, there was in Scott, as in so many of 
 tho British poopio, a certain shyness on the subjoct of n;ligion 
 which forbade his making public his most intimate and sacred 
 convictions and experiences. If Scott had Iwen blamed for not 
 being a preacher, lie would i)robably liavo Ihjimi startled by 
 iKsing thought capable of assuming a role so serious and 
 responsible. 
 
 A curious blunder is committed by Carlylo in speaking of the 
 haste with which some of Scott's Iat»'r novels were produced. 
 Wanrlty and aomo of the greatest of his novels aro tlnjught 
 to have been produced carefully and delilmrately, and tho later 
 novels in great haste. As a simple mutter of fact this is a 
 mistake. Tljo last two volumes of Wnnrleit were written in 
 three weeks. Three of his greatest, Tim Auliqiim-y, The ninrk 
 fhmrf and Old Murfality appeared in one year. Nay, Carlj'lo 
 himself declares that rapidity of execution, after due energy 
 of preparation, is probably tho best way of production. 
 Whether Scott can be a^'tused of writing without preparation 
 can bo decided without much difficulty. Ho prol)ably did not 
 "cram" for his novels, as many writers have to do; and this was 
 no fault. But he wrote out of his abundance, out of tho almost 
 inexhaustible stores of a full mind— replenished by the reading, 
 the intercourse, tho meditation of many 3oar8. He was thirty- 
 four when Tht Lay oftht Last Min.it rd appeared ; that is, within 
 three years of the ago of Burns and Byron at the time of their 
 death. He bcjjan Wni<,hy in the same year (1805) and 
 finished it in 181 1, when he was forty-three years old. Scott 
 <ii<l sometimes write carelessly ; but it is probable that we gain 
 
PoKTKY : What It Is and How to Stithy It. 257 
 
 ai much as wo loso by tho spontaneity of liis work ; and there 
 are few writors whom wo take to our hoarfc as wo take Scott. 
 No other writer has ever excited so much entlnisijisni by tho 
 publioutiou of his writings. None hua laid ho!»l on a laiyer 
 circle of admirers, and none seems nmro likely to rotatu liis 
 hold on the generatiuuM to c«>mo. 
 
 POETRY : WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT SHOULD 
 BE STUDIED. 
 
 BY TIIK 
 
 REV. A. H. IIEYNAR, M.A., LL.I>., 
 Pro/fHHor in I'M or in Co/lrf/r, Toronto. 
 
 No exhaustive anolysis or exact dtfinition of Poetry will 
 be attempted here. The greatest critics ond philosophers have 
 attempted such definitions and onalyses, but their ottcmpts 
 still leave something to bo desired. Much truth they may 
 have brought to light, but perhaps no one of tliem will say, 
 and certainly no one else will allow, that they have given us 
 the truth, the whole truth and nothing but tho truth as to the 
 nature of poetry. For tho purposes of school study wo may 
 gain more by grasping at less. It should be our aim to roach 
 some clear ideas and assured ci nvictionaon tho great essentials 
 of poetry from wljich to secure pleasure and profit in tho work 
 assigned and lay a foundation for further study in tho years to 
 come. 
 
 The word Poet contains an important clue to the meaning of 
 Pf)etry. It is from a Greek word and means simjily a Mnker. 
 Indeed for a long time our English ancestors used tho word 
 Maker and not the word I'oet. 
 
 Now all Makers suppose two things, first a stuff of some 
 kind in which they work, and secondly a design or aim to bo 
 secured by tho work. A carpenter has tho wood for his stuff 
 and tho making of a box or a ladder for his design or aim. In 
 like manner a mason or builder works in stono and lias for his 
 aim the making of a bridge, a wall, or a house. But another 
 17 
 
 I 
 
 ii 
 
2SH 
 
 NOTKH. 
 
 worker in wimwI cnrvcn tho wcmxI into tho )>«aatiful formii of 
 louveH and floworn an<l fruits, ami anoUier w»>rk«'r in stone 
 makex a Htatuo. It niuy bu of Honiu gn^at diameter in history, 
 and tho nmrblu imago Hooms to U^ fiUo<l witli tho lifo ami spirit 
 of tho groat num. Or it may bo that tlio sciilpt«»r nhupes an 
 Ai>ollo or a Tonus, not as tho exact imago of any ono that ever 
 lived, but as the typo of |Hjrfcct form oud beauty. Thoro is a 
 great difference botwuon tho W(»rk of the carpenter and ma^on 
 on the one hand and that uf the wood-carvur and sculptor on 
 tho other. Tho dilTerunco lion in tho aim or doi^ign of the 
 work. The carj)ent«>r and maHon aim at the making of som*- 
 thing useful, but tho woo«l-carver and sculptor aim at tho 
 making of something l»eautiful. Thiis wo seo that makers are 
 of two great clanses — artisans and artists— tho first cln -is lieing 
 workers in tho mechanical and useful arts and the second Ituing 
 workers in the fine arts. Of artisans tht'n* are a great many 
 kinds: carpenters, smiths, moulders, stonocuttors, etc., etc. ; 
 but of artists there are but few comiiionly recognized kinds, 
 viz., painters, sculptors, musicians and poets. 
 
 There are, however, many workers whoso pr<Kiuctions 
 involve l)oth useful and fine or beautiful art. Amongst these 
 the first place may l;o given U) architects, for they are mak«>r9 
 of what is at once most useful and most iHiautiful. A noblo 
 building not only gives shelter to those who dwell in it, but it 
 gives delight by tho grace an<l gramhmr of its forms an<l 
 proportions. This fine-art element in arcliiti>efcure has led t«i 
 its being called /wif/i rnimc. The true feeling of fine minds, 
 cultivated or uncultivated, responds to the artistic appeal of 
 architecture, so that a well-built church should by its pro- 
 portions and arrangement awaken in us the same sidoiiin and 
 tender feeling that is stirred by sacred music. Besides archi- 
 tecture there are many other mixed arts, or arts in which there 
 is a blending of the useful and tho beautiful; asse«;n in j.ottery, 
 porcelain, glass, cutlery, jewellery, house-furnishing and 
 decoration. 
 
 From this broad view of the many classes of workers or 
 makers wo see the place held by the poets. They aro in tho 
 group of artists or workers in the fine arts, and their s|H)cia! 
 aim is not to help their follows in material thin-;-!, but to help 
 them in the exercise and enjoyment of tljeir finer intellectual 
 and spiritual powers. 
 
PoKTRV: What Tt U avi, How to Hrvuy Ft. 259 
 
 They do not appeal to the whole of that higl,«r natu«Tv 
 which man i, rav^ above the bruto. The hun.au .pi itjike 
 
 and hght and war„.th, so do our »ouU pine without the True 
 
 of tn^rr '.*;:'''"''""*■ W«»>-— rdinglythr«oord^« 
 of naoMtorH m tho Hc,rvico of our higher life : fi„t the .cienti.t- 
 who dHcuver and «up,>ly the Truth, «,oondly theartint. who 
 
 h^sh a ;r'T ''•' ^*"'''"^' ''"•' ^^''^'^ *^« "-->»t« ^ho 
 chonah and develop our sense of the OwkI 
 
 Liko the servant, i,. a great houne tho morali.ts, the scientist, 
 and the artist, may sometimes \h> on bad term, with each other^ 
 but m the main they work together f<.r the same great end 
 and each one .loos best with the help of th« oth.-r:. 
 
 Tho work of tho artlHts, or those who minister to u. in the 
 Beautxful .H not a more pleasing and soothing of our senl 
 
 hthe?t Hf T' '' " "'""^'•''^* "^'^ stimulating t<, o^ 
 highest life and powers. True art, and especially truu poetry 
 
 W?tho.tt H ''•' •'" '"'^'' ""' ^""'-^ ^"'"' "' •»» knowkC" 
 W hout the inspiration it imparts a mas. of learning mafbe 
 
 little better than a b<«ly without a soul * ^ 
 
 Looking again at the work of the artists wo find that in each 
 
 Zr Thi?n ^^ 'r'\" ""'''' ''-' «' ^" - '»-•'"» 
 Zorof th« P""""^^^'"^'^•"» ^'"^g^*. or in other word, the 
 power of the ima^Mnat.on, must be possessed in a .uperior 
 degree before a man can bo an artist. The sculptor for n- 
 «tance, imagines what a Hnrcules would be liko, and then from 
 
 pattern in h.. mind 80 in like manner the beautiful pictur^ 
 » first seen w.th tho inward eye and the ravishing music" 
 first heard w.th the inward ear of the artist. The p^t bHhe 
 same image-making power, creates the scenes and e" it'^nd 
 characters that ho afterwards descril^e. or puts into wo^l A 
 
 Infst-: wtr^^"^"^'^"^ ^^ "^^^ '''' fountain-headof all true 
 But the imagination is not always fine and true ; it i. wme- 
 
 Of bad living Ihe true imagination is chastened by know- 
 ledge and judgment and keeps close to ^alities; the fa,I 
 
 I 
 
260 
 
 NOTKM. 
 
 imuginution in igiiurant and waywnnl an<l rugnrrlloMM of r«ali- 
 tiuM. A true artirtt will Httuiy thu exact pmiHtrtioiix ami foriiis 
 of the liuinau iMxly, and \ty n oompariHon of ninny <*f tlio lN<Rt 
 oxaniploH ho will reach thu iiluul funii Hiich an we have it in 
 (imek Htatuary. <)th«<r artMbn are not uantfitl ii)H(>rv>'rii of the 
 truth of thin];'*. They ore curru'tl u»ay by mere fancier or 
 wild imaginiitionrt, and tho result i* the (;rotu<>quM and nion- 
 utrouM forms nuch a* we often ftnd in the statuary of India and 
 Africa. Even no the ima|;:i nation forma idoalit of human life 
 and character. Tho hi<;h and true ccuiccption of 1 ifo i* niarke^l hy 
 "nwi'etneHHand li;;ht," liy ••milf-roven'nro, wlf-knowlcdge.wdf- 
 controP* y but a faNe and ignorant imagination ho chun<;uH tho 
 fair proportions of humanity that wisdom may 1k> dcgradod into 
 cunning, and strength into coar^^enoss, and gi'ucrous lovo into 
 selfish lust. What wondi-r that the lives shapiMl after theno dtf- 
 fonuit ideals should dilTor us Mercury and Minerva from 
 Moloch and Buliul ! 
 
 So far we have considered only tho firnt {»reat requisite or 
 quality of an arti:4t, viis., liin su|K)rior povvurof imagination. 
 The second groat riMiuinito in the skill to shape some materia! 
 thing after the model that U in hi^ mind. What the marblo 
 is to the sculptor and coNmrs to tho paintor and moliHly 
 and harmony to the musician, that language is t<i tho 
 poet. If it l>e asked how then d<>os the poet differ from 
 tho pro86-writt)r, tho answer is that tho dilTerenco is twofold. 
 In tho first place tho poet dilTors from the pr«)f»o-writ4'r 
 as tho sculptor differs from the buiMer. To tho prose- 
 writer language is tho material out of which he con- 
 structs, as in description, history, argument, science, etc., 
 but to the poet language is the material out of which he 
 croatos the bo<ly to bo informed by his ideas of boauty and 
 perfectij)n. In the second place the poet differs from the 
 prose-writer by his u-se of a peculiar form of language — the 
 metrical form. Those two things must go together in true 
 poetry, OS a human l)ody and a human soul must go together 
 in a true man. Attempts have b««on made to find tho whole 
 explanation ol poetry in tho peculiar spirit and aim of the poet, 
 but tho world in general and the learned also still hold, with 
 practical unanimity, that the form as well as the spirit and aim 
 inessential to poetry. Perhaps the dispute is quite as much 
 about words as about things. For there are proso writings so 
 
PoKTUv : What It I« am> JIuw to Kti dy It. Ml 
 
 full of lofty un.l iM.uutiful MoaU. an.l m grnc-fiil nii.| «tronff in 
 o«|.r.>*«i.m, timt wo call thntii highly |HKJtlcal uii.t would ovon 
 liko to call tlasm poot ry. On the otli.T hand th.-ro ara metrical 
 o.Mn|K)Hitlotm with m. littloof tlif |H,etlo uplrit that w« muHt 
 cull th.-m pr..^y, but wo may n.f ,,ail thorn pron,, without 
 violntinj( tlio common use of wonls. 
 
 From what hu'* Uvn mi id of tho nature of r>«»orry, it may Ikj 
 inferred that p«HUry treats of all sul.jectn that ftp|K»al to the 
 imiiyinatiou and awak.n lU-uU. Th« nulm of jKH-try .•xtends 
 over Iwth nature nud human natun-. Of coirs- no one poot 
 o;m Iw ex|M<fte<I to explore tho w!i lo domain and pn-wnt it iu 
 liinart. Not oven the myriiid n.in j.wt SiiukuMiM'am «-an do this. 
 The realm of »,.auty, like tim reMl.u .,f T.uih, in practically 
 iuEuita. And it is enough foreaoh ^iftod «oul to .s„curo»omo 
 portion of the trutli or to cotch nom., phu-.-s of the ••vision 
 ^|'l.udid"and impart them to mankind. Nor dors it Ioss..n 
 our d.liyht ami profit to know that when a thousand gen- 
 orations have pass^Hl away tlioro will iitill 1.., new truth and 
 new lioauty for all the coming ages. 
 
 The right m.-tho.l ..f studying j.oetry will follow naturally on 
 a right und.iHtanding oj the n ituro of pm-try. If the gn-at 
 aim of the jMHjt is to presi-nt in a worthy form the perfect 
 and lK,autiful ideals of things, the gn-at aim of the student 
 should he to 80O and feel the In-auty and |K3rfection of the Meals 
 presented. A study of poetry stopping short .if this would bo as 
 im|>erfe<t as a study of architecture ending with an examination 
 of the stone used in the building, or a study of painting limited 
 to tho canvas ond pigments. It is of course necessary in the 
 first place to master tho poet's language so as to got at his 
 moaning, but the great thing is to entt/ into his feeling. Says 
 John Ruskiu : " Having then faithfully listene.! to the groat 
 teachers that you may enter into their thoughts, you hove yet 
 this higher advance to make -you have to enter into their 
 hearts. As you go to thein first for clear sight, so you must 
 stay with them that y,>u may share at lust their just and 
 mighty i.assion." And Mr. Arnold expresses this same truth 
 in tho following words:-" If ho (the poet) is a real classic 
 
 then the };re.'tt thin" f 
 
 as deeply as over wo can 
 this is what is formative, 
 from the study of Poetry." 
 
 or us IS fj) feel 
 
 am 
 
 njoy 
 
 . . . . This is what is salutary, 
 this is tho great lienefit to bo got 
 
 9 4 
 
262 
 
 Notes. 
 
 It is much to be desired that wo follow this method of study 
 in our schools, for too often the method followed has been of a 
 very different kind. All the grammatical, etymological, his- 
 torical and biographical annotations and dissertations, apart 
 from this entering into the poet's exalted feeling, is as the mere 
 chaff to the grain. The surfeit of philological lore must 
 oppress some of the best minds with weariness and disgust, 
 though it may inflate some of the second-best minds with self- 
 conceit. 
 
 Again, in the study of poetry, it is important that thn 
 student's attention should be directed to such poems as come 
 naturally within the range of his understanding and sym- 
 pathy. At twelve or fifteen years of age we cannot be ex- 
 pected to understand and enjoy poetry that requires maturity 
 of thought and strength of mind. But with the growing years 
 and the experience of life wo often find a light and sweetness 
 in the very poems that to our youth were " weary, stale, 
 flat, and unprofitable." 
 
 The poems of Sir Walter Scott have this peculiarity, that 
 they delight us in our youth as in our age. The reason is that 
 they deal with subjects that never weary whilst we have 
 minds to think and hearts to feel. The beauty and s iblimity 
 of nature, the energy and movement of life, the courage and 
 strength of men, the purity and grace of women, the love of 
 countr;.' and the love of home, the hato of hate and scorn of 
 scorn and love of love, — all the great elemental passions are 
 presented in Scott in a vigorous and healthy way, charming 
 both young and old like the (luickening breath of the heather 
 and the bracing freshness of the salt sea air. A taste for Scott's 
 poems comes natural and easy to a licalthy young mind, and 
 it is wfll to cultivate that taste in our young Canadians. 
 Scoti's work will be to them a joy forever. It will lead them 
 to wholesome literary diet on hight- planes, and help to turn 
 them from the morbid end the mawkish too often printed in 
 our day to suit the cravings of unhealthy minds. 
 
(JUI-STIONS AND EXIiKCISES. 
 
 that their i.nag.nutxon consists, net in a voluntary Vr.dctl.i 
 ^L^tZyT^'"'' ^"' ^" involuntary ren.on.branco, Ixac ?v 
 RuskII! '""^ ' °^ son.uthing thoy ha.l actuuli; s.^Jn/'- 
 
 fa) Make a list of ten > "isivoH from Th^^ /<..< fi. .«. ■ i 
 
 seom to support Buskin's .. ,inio^ M?koiln ?ilr ^ 
 passaj^os that seon, to he rially .s«/,>l,/,v';:tL^- t " n ji V ll 
 '?^iT,?''^'"^"'''"'''""«t''ouhol.corrc.cti' B^inZlSot^^^^^ 
 of Scott's poems you have read. ^ 
 
 3. "A romantic ju.em is sustained l.y .xaff'^-rntion a.,.i 
 unreality m the won! -pictures, in the charLters^fn ho use o 
 tlie marvellous and the supornatural." 
 
 Street examples from the poom to prove this statement. 
 1 " Romance idonlizcs the cliaractc rs. passes over the mm 
 nonplaceso hIV, redeems its miseries, n!etes o 1« ic u^' 
 tice, and n.akes love triumphant over all .imicultie.s." ^ 
 Quote passages from T/,r Lav to sustain eioh ,A fi,„ r 
 
 5 Write a note on Scott's use of poetic epithets. 
 
 «i The extreme facility of the tetran.oter cuph-t is 
 
 apt to prove a snare to the cmposer l.y ene,.,.r S./hi,.' in 
 
 the habit of slovenly composition/'-Scorr. ° ° '"'" *" 
 
 Arrange a series of examples from The L„„ to exhil.it tim 
 
 strength and the weaki.e.ss of teTrameter verse 
 
 7. Describe the vari(Mis devices by %vhich Scottrelieves " tlm 
 inhere-t monotony " of ti,e tetrameter couph t. "'^*^"^^^' *''° 
 
 ele^n'rl^?!!''^'''''' •^'' ^H*"''^ ^^"«' '" C^"*^' ^T. so as to brin- out 
 clearly their points of resemblance and difb renoe in rejranl ^ 
 subject, stylo and versification. '■cj,ar<i to 
 
 0. Seloct five typical examples of the "dramatic interfer 
 ence of the narrator ' in the course .,f the poen. '"^•''^^"r- 
 
 iH.Ilc." ■^'''"* *""' ^'"^ 'I'amatic elen.ents in the ballad ..I " Rosa- 
 
 iJ03 
 
2G4 
 
 (^Ul-MTIONS AND ExKKCISBS. 
 
 11. Divide that ballad into its constituent sections, give an 
 appropriate title for each aection, and in fewest words give the 
 substance of each division. 
 
 12. According to Ociethe, th« facts of dramatic poetry 
 should be significant and load on to something beyond them- 
 selves. 
 
 Apply this canon to (a) Deloraine's midnight ride to Mei- 
 roRo, (b) Tht( miseries of the agod Minstrel, (c) Lord Cran- 
 stouu's first meeting with the dwarf page. 
 
 IB. It has been held tliat Scott's portraits are somewhat 
 vague and lacking in clear definition. 
 
 Enumerate five prominent personages described in The 
 Lay, and givo quotations to prove or disprove the preceding pro- 
 position. 
 
 It. Identify the picture— a liver winding with silver tide 
 between banks covered with wildwood and past hill and valley, 
 (^uote the lined. 
 
 15. Examine The Lay with regard to the description of ac- 
 tion. Mention palmary examples of such description and give 
 some of the finest lines. 
 
 10. Make a detaile<l list of tlie chief characters introduced 
 ill The Lay ; arrange them as principal and subordinate, and 
 tell concisely who and what each personage is and does. 
 
 17. The Lay is believed to contain epic as well as dramatic 
 and lyric elements. 
 
 Point out some of the epic elements in the poem. 
 
 18. Compare tlie ballad sung by Albert finu.ne with the ballad 
 of Lord Burleigh in the High School Reader. Arrange the 
 details so as to briii^j out in tabular form the main differences 
 between the Old English Ballad and the Modern Ballad. 
 
 19 Set down in order of merit the chief excellencies of the 
 poem as they have revealed themselves in your own experience. 
 
 20. Mr. Ruskin maintains that Scott's deocriptions of scen- 
 ery show a keen perception and memory of cdor, but th-Atfurm 
 
 in his landscapes is not so well defined. 
 
 • 
 
 Select a passage in which natural scenery is portrayed, 
 and show to what extent it supports Ruskin's dictum. 
 
 21. " There is nothing that exists, exceptthings ignoble and 
 moan, in which the poet may not find himself at home — in the 
 open sights of nature, in the occult secrets of seionce, in the 
 ' qtiicquid agunt homines,' in men's character and fortunes, in 
 their actions and sufFcrin^s, their joys and sorrows, their past 
 history, their present experience, their future destiny."— 
 SuAiKr. 
 
QUKW'IIONS AND KXKIMISKS. 2G5 
 
 poet's pocuhar domain," Beuuty. veai lo mm the 
 
 22. "Scott was tho teniporarv comfortiT nf ft T.„ti,^- • 
 lar age, at once destit.itu of faith a tluim^/t *?.•'• °"* 
 an age with little kuowle.lge of it, Xre^^Jur^^^fh'?!^'*^'''"' 
 rows to bear or front. and%„ the wS S a ife Z^.^' 
 these new circu.n8tances."-CAHLVLfi ^"^ » ^'^e to lead m 
 
 faith," "scepticism." " kuowled-.- 
 
 sorrows," and 
 
 ■3 
 
 new 
 
 ply the d.ictrm,. «1 the «ec„nd sentence to tl.o t,.xt „f m,' / '^" 
 rrom pag„9« t„p,.g„ ,», i„„|,„ive, .nj » « L, io^ ,her W?' 
 
 ,ttd''t^Tu;i;.^;;eir;^"*""°- "" "- f^^^cS 
 inttor^t;.r.1nttSt:°:;y"Vr ,Tr 
 
 language of the poem."-AKNoi,D/ ^' ' ^ •"' '"''*''^ *"** 
 
 speciai^x;;'.erto"rirr*" p ^''"^'^^ ^""■■-. -'•*»> 
 
 IlapScf.tt identified himself with his Minsfcrol? Di^P,,,- 
 
 *utr;r;'rtro'.ir" ""•"° ■-- "- ^'-."".^tr:' 
 prf ."«;^tr :sr £v;X?rr^^^^^^^^^ 
 
266 
 
 QUK8TION8 AND ExBKCISES. 
 
 From Tft«/iay9upplyoxamplesfifSoott'simaginative, nar- 
 rative and pictorial powers. Mentiun soino limitations that 
 beloMg to eaoh, and cite examples to illustrate your uieuuiug. 
 Correct the quotation by inserting other names. 
 
 28. " Adversity is sometimes linrd upon a man ; but for «jnp 
 man who oan stand prosperity, thore aro a hundred that will 
 stand adversity." — Caklyi^. 
 
 Give in brief form a statement of Scott's prosperity and 
 adversity, and show how these were related to his literary 
 labors. 
 
 29. In tabular form, enllect all the metres found in Thu Lay. 
 Arrange them according to the prevailing foot and tho length 
 of the line. 
 
 80. *' Just as the weaver uses as hisrnw material that which 
 is the finished product of the spinner, so Shakespeare and hi-« 
 contemporaries start in their art of dramatising from Su^rv. 
 which is already a form of art."— Moulton. 
 
 Eefer particularly to Scott's works and draw a parallel 
 comparison. 
 
 81. *' No other writer of such power as Scott lias furnished 
 fewer quotations : he does not bring his idea to a ccmsummate 
 expression such as incorporates itself within the memory." 
 
 Apply this dictum to The Lay, and prepare a list of lines 
 and passages that you consider worthy of l)eing memorized, 
 and in each case assign a reason for your preference. Point 
 out fine passages that are less suitable for committing to mem- 
 ory, and give your reasons. 
 
 32. Write a note on the hi8tr)rical accuracy of The. Lay and 
 point out any variations from striet history. 
 
 83 " There are certain main lyrical themes, corresponding 
 to the passions and emotions which exercise the most agitating 
 sway over the human heart. These are Devotion, i^oyalty. 
 Patriotism, Love, Revelry and War."— Aknold. 
 
 Select passages from The Lay and from Scott's other 
 works as samples of lyrics under each of these heads. If possi- 
 ble, name two or three examples under each theme. 
 
 84. "The proper theme for a poem will therefore be some- 
 thing which has in itself some intrinsic emotional ofTcct : — a 
 touching story or situation in human life ; a beautiful external 
 object or scene ; a feeling or emotional mood ; an object of 
 thought which has emotional associations." — Prof. Alexandek. 
 
 Mention some of the emotional effects excited by Tht 
 Lay, referring definitely to the passages. From the poem col- 
 lect examples of the themes mentioned in tho quotation. 
 
Questions and Exkbcisks. 
 
 85. 
 
 267 
 
 structi 
 
 U^ f K^^' •"."4" J '''^ 'o'e** bare ; 
 Is It the wind that moaneth bleak ? 
 
 Tomnv' '*°' '''"u^ «"""?»' i« the air 
 To move away the ringTet curl 
 From the lovely lady's cheek- 
 1 here is not wind enough to twirl 
 The one red leaf the last of its clan, 
 J hat dances as often as dance it can 
 On T".^ "« «Sht. «*nd hanging so "^h 
 On the topmost twig that l5okf up at^tl.'o sky. 
 
 Xa„ M '^*'°? Z'®*'"* o' Christabel ! 
 S ^^^Ti '^•^'d her well ! 
 She folded her arms beneath her clonk 
 And stole to the other side of the oak ' 
 What sees she there?" 
 
 -~^tliTl^'''^:C^^^^^^ '^^^ exhibit its 
 
 •nark the varies rhvmJoT' '^'""^^ ^^^ rhyme-scheme and 
 ters or %ureL? Wh^aToo^^ metre scale by means of le^ 
 
 Quote thf passage thaJ mn«T '°", ^"^ ^^'^ P'«<^ ^^^^ '^ Lay} 
 and incident! ^ "°'' "^^^^^^ resembles this in rhythm 
 
 anTchi^flncSTeJtsTcSto Vv "'l"*^*^^ P*^"* *h« »«««" 
 the epilogue the lUt nf w? u ^^"^ upon the proloeue 
 
 .SeneichJ the CO fduct^fthe' J'n^T' *^" P"^*'*''* "' ^^^ ^^a^ 
 account of his preceoLr PvV^^^^^^ *»^'* *he Harper^ 
 
 the principle of s'u^pTnCin thfs'^iant^'^'^^ *'' applicatio? of 
 
 PoernZTa\t^olZT^Z'\iy^^^^^ Ladye "throughout the 
 iu the poem. '^® consistency of this personage 
 
 to'l^d s?mp"i:!?;rd:lltet"i '^'-^i--^^ «*-cture is 
 8ion, to assist the memorv S ^ "'"^V** ^''^''^ of expres- 
 agroeable surprise ^' "'^ occasionally to give a sho^k of 
 
 exampferorl?a^XVoLi^trjrnT"°"^ ^^ ™'-^^ 
 
 compantn'^Jifnt'^irthre: uferT'TT '''J^ * «^^-«- 
 
 Itudosin The i^ayVlS J S,f°^ *'''■«« .%'^~tive sim- 
 
 blance. ^ *^'* distinctly the points of resem- 
 
 to suit^l'o mel^'a^fo L'r^ °^ ^'^''^ i"^«"ion used (a) 
 Phasis. (c) to^ec^^SveU^of Lt.^'°P"' ^"'"bu^o^ of em- 
 commonplace of prose. ^hatar^X'''' *"^ thus avoid the 
 order of words ? Point out pv„,^^ H ^^^"^^ "^ **>« inverted 
 resulting from hyPZn ^^^'"P'«« «' obscurity or ambiguity 
 
268 
 
 QUKSTIONS AM) K.\KI{('IS^M. 
 
 41. Oivo the meuning and hi>«t<iry r>f tlii« followiiig tornm: — 
 almngest, bower, cresset, flight, ulmriiiiu'. flfni«'ns-firth. gal- 
 liard, heriot, inch, jack, kirtle, lyke-wakc, ininivir. iif<;k-vers»e, 
 owcheH, panoply, qiiatre-fcuille, rnundelny. swith, throstle, 
 uni'ath, vilde. warrison, withal, yore. Quote a lino in which 
 each 'vord is used. 
 
 42. Comparo the portrait given en page 53, lin^s Cy-2^, with 
 that presented on page 74, lines 18-80. State your preference 
 and assign your reasons. 
 
 •13. Compare the passage given on pngo 89, lino 10, to page 
 10, lino 8, with that found on pp. 117, lis, and 119 down to line 
 19. Point out the resent hlances and the difTerences, item by 
 it<im. Place your answer in parallel columns and use fewest 
 words. 
 
 41. Make a list of passages that descri')e still-lifo as con- 
 trusted with action. Use suitaMe headiug!< to classify your 
 selections, such as nature, lower animals, human beings, i)ro- 
 ducts of human labor and skill. 
 
 45. " Hearken, Ladye, t« the tale. 
 
 How thy sires won fair Eskflale.'" — 
 
 Recount this episode in j'our own wonls. Wliat connec- 
 tion has it wiih the main theme? 
 
 4fi. Distinguish metaplior, personal metaphor, i>ersonifica- 
 tion, and apostrophe. Supply five clear examples of each from 
 The Lay. 
 
 47. Write a critical note on the description given on page 
 22, lines 10-31. Point out the order of the delineation, the 
 chief objects, the associated ideas, the contrasts, the leading 
 fi-j;ures of speech, the motions, sounds, colors, light and shade. 
 Account for the fact in lines 2(i and 27 ; refer Ui another pas- 
 sage of the poem for a parallel case in Scott's characterization 
 of the Ladye. 
 
 48. " The second pointi have to note is Scott's habit of draw- 
 ing a slight moral from every scene, and tliat this slight 
 moral is almost always melancholy."— RusKix, Mwlmi Puivi- 
 rrs, iii. 
 
 Refer to any passages, lines or phrases in The Lay that 
 seem to support this opinion. Compare the openin^r lines of 
 Canto IV. with the introductory stanzas of Thj-. Lady of the 
 Jjake, Canto III. 
 
 49. Compare the ballad of " Rosabelle" with Wordsworth's 
 " Lucy Gray." Set down as many pointsof agreement and resem- 
 blance as you can. Opposite these place the points of difference 
 and dissimilarity. Discuss in this way the form, the matter, the 
 pathos, the choice of words, the rhythm, the motive, and the 
 conclusion of these ballads. 
 
EXAMIVVTK.V Qui.aHTH»VM. 
 
 L'r.9 
 
 
 BV 
 
 W. K. T. SMKLfJK, n.A., 
 Priiirijfi/ (,/ n,M,ronlu Jll,,h Schwti. 
 
 1. What niirixiso in rplufion tn fi./. ,..i i 
 
 2. ('» ) " Ami lan-ls un.l liviri- many a r.M„|, 
 
 Had giltod for thoir soul's ioj.os..." 
 ( '' ) '• Ho nov.;r counted him a man 
 
 UouM atnko Ih31ow tho kiiue." 
 ( '• .) " On Penchryst glows a balo .>f fin."' 
 
 ' '/J " The frighteno.1 flocks and h.-rds won, ...-nt 
 Beneath tho pod's rudo hattlumont." 
 
 ( ) '• There many a youthful Kni-ht, full keen 
 Jo gain his spurs, in arms was wun ; 
 With favor ill his crest, or gh)vc, 
 Memorial of his ladyo-love." 
 
 ^J''> ■'^^>"' P'lrsuivant-at-arms shall show 
 
 lioth why wecomo, and uhi-n u.-go." 
 
 r.'/ ) "Already on dark Kiilxisjiiu- 
 
 1 lie Dou-las holds his ueapon-sohaw." 
 ^^ mat^aiu^ient custom is referred to in eaeh ..f the al.ve 
 
 3. Explain the reforoneo in the foliowin-- 
 
 ^"' ,p . ^ "his Cross of Red 
 
 triumphant Michael brandished."' 
 
 I /' ) " While l.roko at times tho solemn hum, 
 liio Almayn's sullen kettledrum." 
 
 ( '• ) " The Bloody Heart blazed in the van." 
 
 ( '/ ) " Since old Bucclnuch tho name did -nin 
 
 When in tho cleucli the buck was Ui'en!" 
 
 4. 
 
 Meanw-hile full many a warlike band, 
 From Teviot, A ill. and Ettn.^k shade 
 l^amo in, their chief's defence to aid. 
 
270 EXAMINATIOX QUIWTION8. 
 
 There was Baddlinff and mounting in ItaRte, 
 There was prioking o*er moor and lea ; 
 
 He that was last at ttie trystiug placo 
 Was but lightly held of his gaye ladye." 
 
 (a) Why does the poet introduco the quick rhythmical 
 movement in the last four lines ? 
 
 ( 6 ) Mention similar inst;.<,nces in other poems. 
 
 6. "Some bards have sung the Tiadye hij?h 
 
 Ohapel or alcar came not nigh ; 
 Nor durst the rights of spousal grace 
 So much she fear'd each holy place. 
 False slanders these :— I trust right well 
 She wrought not by forbidden spell/' 
 
 (a) Why should the Ladye be thus afraid ? 
 
 (b) Write a note on the ancient belief regarding the com- 
 parative culpability of " white magic" and " black magic." 
 
 6. What is the artistic effect of introducing the religious 
 service and Hymn for the Dead at the close of the poem ? 
 
 7. In what state of societv would bards such as the Last 
 Minstrel be important and honored personages ? What class 
 of literary men are their modern representatives ? 
 
 Bead Crockett's ••Black Douglas" and ''The Gray Man," 
 for a picture of the power and lawlessness of the Bonier 
 chieftains. 
 
 II. 
 
 BY MISS OERTBITDE LAWLER, M.A., 
 Harbord Street Collegiate Jnntlttite, Toronto. 
 
 1. From a consideration of the following, show that the 
 poem possesses unity : — 
 
 (a) The stage for the story; 
 
 ( b ) The century of its occurrence ; 
 
 ( c ) The exquisite setting of each canto ; 
 
 (rfj The subdivision into cantos; 
 
 { e ) The romance that makes the narratix e ; 
 
 (/) The stirring and varied descriptions ; 
 
 ig) The "light- horseman sort of stanza." 
 
KXAMIKATION QUKHTIOMJI. 
 
 271 
 
 .70 Tho^tory bristle, with prup.r nau.e, of ,„inor import- 
 
 loUo^n^fJ'""' *^° P"*"" °«« "Sn'^1 "xan„.le of e«,h of the 
 ( « ) daimtloAs hrnvorj ; 
 I '') loveof country ; 
 ( '• ) legnndarj' lore ; 
 C'') lovo of chivalry ; 
 ('') gaiety; 
 
 (/) sacrerlnesB of hospitality; 
 (y) '■•''■tility of invention; 
 (A) richness of fancy; 
 ( graphic scenic description ; 
 (J) fascination of narrative ; 
 ( k ) tenderness of feeling ; 
 (O healthy moral tone. 
 
 mo,t„„imate,l? "'' «•'"<• do you think Uio Min.t™l 
 
 7. "Lost! lost ! lost!" 
 thJ^riU!;:'"''"""^''^ *•*«'" -^^^ «-'» t.n.e they are nsed in 
 
 AS.e?T^u^^ •rr^.r^"- - *'- .^Hoir of Melrose 
 moonlight." ^ "'^ i-aginary visit -by the pale 
 
 »• Depict the cowhat of M.isgrave and Cranstoun. 
 10. ' ' A nd, Warrior, I could sav t«, thee 
 
 Ihe words that cl.ft Eildoo hills in three." 
 1 ell what y. u imu-ino those «ords wr>re. 
 
 ^ ^ " m '*''^'' pair were Tiever seen 
 
 To meet beneath that hauth.,m -reen " 
 Write a pen-portrait of the pair 
 
272 
 
 Examination Qukmtions. 
 
 12. DiHtinguUh lymc-dug, bun-dog, blood-hound; and Htced, 
 oouner, jenuet. 
 
 18. Tell the niolurn prose «<»nl for fa«!ji <»f thi'so : np<Ml-firo, 
 toil-drop«, grainarye, litherlio. 
 
 14. Which of the lyrics of Cntito VI. i|i> you >nsi(]t>r must 
 imaKinative? Which niont niui«icul? 
 
 III. 
 
 BY W. BRIDKX, B.A., 
 Princiftal Jmjtrno/l C()//fi/i(ttn InMitult. 
 
 1. Write an epitome of Canto T. showing what this canto 
 contributed to tlie development of the ntory. 
 
 2. Def'cribe William of Doloraine'n ride t« Melrose, intro- 
 ducing apt (iiiotatious, if possible. 
 
 8. i. Give the connection of each of the following paHsn^en. 
 
 ii. Write explanatory- not<(j» on tht> itsilirisod words in 
 each. 
 
 ( « ) Ijntter nor lino l»no>v I nevor a one, 
 Wor't my yrrk-nrMfi at, llniriliif. 
 
 (/») But no kind influence, dflijn they shower 
 Cii Teviot's titfr. and Branksomo's tower, 
 77// jiriilt Ite qiitlhd^ and lorv. fmfrte. 
 
 ( *• ) A ntnrk moM'<-(roo;iiHff Scott was he, 
 As e'er roncfiHl Utnx't by knee. 
 
 (fit) ttreot the F'lfhtr well from me; 
 
 Say that fhf J'atnl hour lias come. 
 
 ( I' ) No living inijhf, save the Ladye alone, 
 llwl darnl to cross tho threshold stone. 
 
 (/) And soon the. sfiep descent he past, 
 
 Soon crossed the noundiny harhicnn. 
 
 ( y ) Merry eJirs their moi-rtH pacing 
 To (t'rial miiii^r(J'<y. 
 
 (/t ) Cliffs which, for many a later year, 
 The trarUinff Doric reed shall hear, 
 When some xnd Mintin shsvll tench the ijroi-' , 
 Ambition m no curej'or fore ! 
 
KXAMINATION (^ItKMTIOMH. 
 
 •-'7.i 
 
 4. i. Kxplain the fcillowing : " a ricrk of fnmo," " tho art 
 that none mav natnu/* " Ht. Aiidritw'it 
 chtUter'd hall/ "Tho viewluMit fnrniH of 
 air," " secret Ijower," "chofo* ugaiuHt th« 
 •Ottor'a red aide." (Heo pages 19, 2u.; 
 
 ii. point out any ipecial poetic qualitio* in lin<'» H-l«{, 
 page 20, and uxplain in dutail to what thuy aru 
 owing. 
 
 iii. What emotional (>fTert do those stanxan priNlune in thu 
 reader? Kxplain tho artistic purixtau *>f the 
 author. 
 
 18 
 
 IV. 
 
 UNIVERSITY OP TORONTO. 
 
 Junior MalricidatioH, J>i/i/, JSS!t. 
 
 Examiner.— D. R. Keys. M.A. 
 
 Breathes there tho mnn, with soul !«odead, 
 Who never to himself hath naid, 
 
 ThiH is my own, my native land ? 
 Whose heart hath ue*er within him Imrncd, 
 As home his footsteps ho hath turn«>d, 
 
 Prom wandering on a foreign strand ? 
 If such there breathe, go, mark him well ; 
 For him no minstrel raptures swell ; 
 High tlinngh his titles, proud his naino, 
 Boundless nis wealth as wish can claim, — 
 Despite those titles, power and polf. 
 The wretch, concentred all in self, 
 Living, shall forfeit fair renown, 
 And doubly dying, shall go down 
 To the vile dust from whence ho sprunjr, 
 Unwept, unhonored, and unsung. 
 
 O Caledonia ! stern and wild, 
 
 Meet nurse for a poetic child ! 
 
 Land of brown heath and shaggy wocxl , 
 
 Land of the mountain and the flood, 
 
 Land of my sires! what mortal hand 
 
 Can e'er untie the filial band, 
 
 That knits me to thy rugged strand ! 
 
 Still, as I view each wnll-known sneno. 
 
 Think what is now, and what hath iM'en, 
 
 Seems as, to me, of all bereft. 
 
 Sole friends thy woods and streams were left ; 
 
MtCROCOTY RBOIUTION TB7 CHART 
 
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 S^r*^ (653 East Main Street 
 
 KA Rochester, Nev- York 14609 USA 
 
 ^g (716) 482 -0300 -Phone 
 
 ^B (716) 286 - S989 - Fox 
 
274 
 
 Exam iVATiov Qi;ksti«»ns. 
 
 AikI tliiis I lovo tliein hotter still, 
 Even h. extremity of ill. 
 By Yarrow's stroams still let ine straj-. 
 Though none should guide my fef>lilo way ; 
 Still feel the breeze down Ettrick break, 
 Although it chill my withered cheek ; 
 Still lay my head by Teviot-stone, 
 Thouijh there forgotten and alone, 
 The Bard may draw hh parting groan. 
 
 1. («"! To wljat causes is the popularity of the above 
 
 due? 
 
 (h ) State the subject of each of those stanzas, an<l show 
 how they are connected with each other and 
 with the general plan of the poem. 
 
 (<•) Explain the various reasons for preferring the poet's 
 word to that with which it is coupled in 
 the following cases: — hrtnlhit and linx ; 
 hath and hn-^ ; muf and tit ; kiiit.i and /*///«/•«( ; 
 jHirfhiij and 'li/iiiif. 
 
 (il) By what rhetorical means lias the author heightened 
 the effect of the lines "() (Caledonia, etc. 
 . . . rugged strand ? " 
 
 {p) Explain the passages : — 
 
 " Living shall forfeit, etc. . . . dying," 
 and "Seems as, to mo. etc. . . . were 
 left." 
 
 (/) What words seem to bo used owing to the exigencies 
 of the rime? 
 
 (</) Derive jieff, mhistr<I,sttni, chi/tl, -<//>. s. 
 
 ( A ) In what part of Scotland are Yarrow, Ettrick and 
 Teviot? What special interest has each 
 for the student of poetical literature? 
 
 2. To what class of poetry does Thn Lni/ hehmg? Tlow does 
 it gain by the Minstrel telling it instead of Scott himsell ? 
 
 8. What part in the story is played by the fJoblin Page ? 
 
 4. Show how the poem reflects its author's character. 
 
 T). Explain the following passages : — 
 
 ( n ) Our slogan is their lyke-wake dirge. 
 
 { h ) Mo lists not at this tide declare. 
 
 ( (•) A Merlin sat upon her wrist, 
 Held by a leash of silken twist. 
 
Kx.VMIVATIOV QlKSTioNs. 
 
 .'75 
 
 (d) B„th Scots and Southern cl.iefs prol..,,.. 
 Applauses of Fitxtruver's song ; ^ "^ 
 J Jieso hated Ifeury's „amo as death 
 And those still held, tho ancient ?uit'h. 
 
 (e) The standors-by might hear uneath 
 Footstep, or voice, or high-drawn Woath. 
 
 soSpttn:^^5<;,^^^J,-^-- than one, of th. fo..o..,-„, ,,. 
 Wizard's Orave? ^^"''"^^'' •^'^'''•"«- Al.l.ey, The (.pening of the 
 
 -thissui,..twiurSJ;I;jrtr^:.;:Sr- ''•-^— -- 
 
 picture of feudalism ? ' '"'' ''"'" '^^ -l^'tieiencies as a 
 
 f>. Criticise the literary style of n. L,,,, 
 into'tS'iS^ *'" '"^-'-t-n ..f s,„;..,.atnral n.achinery 
 
 11. Indicate Scott', place an.ong the poets of his ti.ue. 
 
 1- Compare his poetry with that of Tennyson. 
 
 UXIVKRSITY OF TORONTO. 
 
 Jxulor M„frl,;,/„r,o„, S,,„,n,h,r, /SSV. 
 
 Kxam.nkh.-Pkokkssok a. U. Rkvnak, M.a., LL.D 
 
 1. Describe the early life and training of Sir Walter Scott. 
 
 co.;£^'iil^;:--C^5--j^-^^^^^ 
 
 into rllTulf '''"' ""' ^''^'" "°'-"^'"- "°- ^- doe. it enter 
 
276 
 
 Examination Qikstions. 
 
 And in Melrose's holy pilo 
 Seek thou the Monk of St. Mary's aisle. 
 Greet the Father well from mo ; 
 
 Say that the fatod hour has come, 
 And to-night ho shall watch with thee, 
 
 To win the treasure of the tomh: 
 For this will be St. Michael's night, 
 And, though stars ho dim. the moon is blight; 
 And the Cross of bloody red ^^ 
 
 Will point to the gravp of the mighty dead. 
 
 (rt) Parse thee and derive wiijhttM, lino 2. 
 
 (6 ) Derive ainh, lino <), and fatid, lino 8. 
 
 ( r ) " For this will bo St. Micha.l's night." How does this 
 statement affect the interest of tho narrative V Give some 
 account of St. Michael. 
 
 (^0 "Tho cross of bloody red."' Describe it as given later 
 in the poem. 
 
 G Explf . tlio following terras:— /wr/>/m«, - >iiii». srnhheon, 
 cairn, bep ^( ' castle), hurliznn, harqu,h,i.<^, sn„.-'.,tl, ^x.r'mlhH, 
 runic. 
 
 7. Quote not more than fifteen verses from some one of the 
 following scenes :-(«) Tho opening of Michael Scott s tomb ; 
 Vb) The opening of the Magic book by the elfi:. page^ 1h« 
 death of Mus|rave; {d\ Tho pilgrimage to " Melrose s holy 
 shrine." 
 
 VI. 
 BY MISS HENRIETTA CHARLES, B.A. 
 
 Colhijinle. Iiisfifuh-, TorniUo Jim ' . 
 
 1. What effect on the poem has the fact of its l>eing put into 
 the mouth of an old minstrel V 
 
 2. It has been said that Scott " loved tho Cheviots or Ben 
 Lomond and the Trossachs with a passion which . . . was 
 so contagious as almost to create the modern «>«"«* 
 Describe any localities mentioned in the The Lai, of which the 
 statement made above might be true, and show what features 
 of Scott's descriptions indicate plainly his affection. 
 
 3. Describe in detail the Border customs and laws referred to 
 in The Lay. 
 
 4 Distinguish between tho different forms of the super- 
 natural that are brought into the poem, and give an account 
 of them. 
 
Examination Qukhtions. 
 
 277 
 
 5. Show wliat iiiuaiiH Sr..tt n^os to pn-vfiit Dt'loraiiic'H riifo 
 from BranksoriiM to Mulrosn from Ifoiu-j a iiiero ouuiiieratiou of 
 I'iaces passed. 
 
 fi. Doscribt? tho i)ersoiiality of tlio " Ladyt! " an feudal <lame, 
 wife, aud mother. 
 
 7. Show to what extent and of what classes of men ('raiis- 
 toun, Doloraino, au(i Watt 'i'inlinn may bo cousidorud typos. 
 
 S. Emimorato and descriho tlio component parts of tho army 
 under Howard and Dacro, ami show in wliat particulars these 
 men differed from tho Scotcli forces that camo to tho aid of 
 Brauksome. 
 
 vn. 
 
 BY JOHN ('. SAUL, M.A., 
 Knijlish Tinchtr, Oof/iijinh^ Iit,tfifiifi, Wiiiuijinj. 
 
 1. Tell brieHy tlic story of tljo poem. Oivo the circutristauces 
 under wliich tho Lay was sung, and state tho historic basis of 
 tho action. 
 
 2. Give in a few sentences the essential idea of each cunto, 
 showing clearly what each contributes to the action. 
 
 3. It has been charged against the poem that Canto VI. is 
 unnecessary. Do you agree with this statement? Give 
 reasons. 
 
 1. Show clearly tho framework upon which tho poem as a 
 whole is constructed. What are the advantages and disad* 
 vantages of this plan ? 
 
 .5. Tc what extent does Scott use the elements of surprise and 
 suspense m his narrative? Illustrate fully. Note any other 
 devices used to increase the interest of the narrative. 
 
 6. Does tlio historical and anti.|uarian information of which 
 The Lay is full, add to or detract from tlie interest of tho nar- 
 rative ? Make your answer specific in reference. 
 
 ^ 7. Give in your own words a brief character-sketch of Watt 
 Tinlinn. Estimate Scott's success as a portrayer of character 
 in The Lay'i 
 
 8. Give the substance of the introductory stanzas to each 
 canto. Show their appropriateness in each case. 
 
 9. Give the snl)stancr> of each of tho songs sung at tho wed- 
 ding-feast, stating by whom each was sung, and briefly de- 
 scribing each minstrel. How far is each song typical? What 
 is tho object of introducing these scmgs? 
 
278 
 
 Examination Que8tionh. 
 
 10. Rxplain the following quotations, noting tlie connection 
 in which each appuars : — 
 
 (m) Of that poa-nnake, tremendous curl'd, 
 Whoso niuustruiis circle girds this world. 
 
 (b) The words that ch-ft Kildon hills in three, 
 And bridled tlio Tweed with a curlt of stone. 
 
 (r) The stars and croscont graced his shicdd, 
 Without the Ijcnd of Murdieston. 
 
 11. Explain the followin;^ : — Emerald rings; the warbling 
 Doiic reed ; the raven's foo(' ; bit his glove. 
 
 12. Describe the metro used in the poer , pointing out in 
 detail, with illustrations, the devices used to urease its etTect- 
 ivencss. Discuss its suitability to the r ibjoct-niatter, and 
 show huw it is used to assist the narrative. 
 
 VIII. 
 BY .[. A. FREEMAN, B.A., 
 
 Priiiri/Ht/ WiUtrdomi H'njh School. 
 
 1. Give reasons for the poem being put into the mouth of the 
 Ancient ]Slinstrel and for its l)eing written in the old ballad 
 style. 
 
 2. Describe from the poem the feudal castle of the sixteenth 
 century, its defences, and defensive weapons. 
 
 3. What are the more striking instances of popular belief 
 mentioned in the poem? By what means does the author put 
 the modern reader to a certain extent in sympathy with them ? 
 
 4. Describe the coming and passing away of the Goblin Pago. 
 Briefly tell of his ])riinks that affect the course of the story. 
 Suggest a reason for his words, " Lost ! " " Found ! " 
 
 5. Give a description of (a) the negotiations before Brank- 
 soine Castle, (h) the formalities preceding the combat. 
 
 6. What are the chief mpirita and defects of Scott's style? 
 Exemplify as far as possible from tlio poem. 
 
 7. ** The first and most natural form of what we have called 
 the Scotticism of Scotchmen .... is this amor juifrio', 
 this inordinate intensity of national feeling " Quote a passage 
 from the poem exemplifying tliis statement. 
 
 8. Give in your own words the substance of Fitztraver's song. 
 
 9. In Scott description of nature is mainly an end. In 
 Tennyson and Wordsworth it is very often a means to an end. 
 ^V hat is meant by the statement ? Quote or refer to passages in 
 support of your answer. 
 
EXAMINATKIV i^V K.STIONS. 
 
 •J79 
 
 2. 
 thiit 
 reli- 
 
 3. 
 
 I\. 
 
 BY J. C. SHAW, .M.A., 
 
 Priiin'/xif „/ Vaiiroiirtr CtJInjf,. 
 
 ('») "Thefirsfc-fniitsof tliiH Ion- proparati.,,, appt-uivd in 
 y/«e Ln,i ufth.. Lnst M , ti-st r, I r Skotoh tJio •• pro- 
 pu ration. ' 
 
 (f>) What was tlu're in tlio literary " situation " at th« 
 date of Its appearance that niuktss tli.- popular 
 success of 77(e Lmj si-cin less surprisiiii,' ? 
 
 ('•) ■• In our ago Scott's narrative v. iso niainly''appoals to 
 young people." Show that this may ho a.-- 
 couuted for hy the al.seuco of certain elements 
 from his poetry as well us hy the presence of 
 certain othi-rs in it. 
 •'He was to make the Middle Ages live once more." Sketch 
 
 life as revived in The Lay on its social, domesti.-, and 
 lous sides. ' 
 
 (ft) Show that the preludes to the several cantos of The 
 L'ly are deftly woven into tlie texture of the 
 ''".^'"' ■"'^'^ *'""*^^ always done this ? 
 
 {h) Show that in matter and manner tlio songs in this 
 poem are such as might he expected from their 
 • singers. 
 
 I") •' The <nny,rk sit?} lorn on the general plot." If so. 
 
 why, then, was it introduced? 
 ('') Of the characters in tlie Minstrel's tale, «• Only he. has 
 
 living force, the rest are fleeting shades." AVho 
 / ^ \v. }l '**® " H°"? Discuss the truth of the charge. 
 ('•) \\ hat traces of '• careless glance and reckless rhy"uo" 
 
 are there in Thu Lny't 
 (") (iuoto from this poem, or reproduce with .|Uutati(,ns, 
 
 one description ..f a natural and one of a sui)er- 
 
 natural phenomenon. 
 (M Indicate the finest piissagis in other kinds, statin- the 
 kind. ^ 
 
 Oive the context of the following :— 
 ('») ** Veiiireance, deep-hrooding o'er the slain, 
 
 Had lock'd the source of softer woe." 
 ('') " Use lessens marvels, it is said." 
 
 ('') " It had not been burnt this year and more " 
 {d) '^' They knew no country, own'd no lord," 
 (' ) " Silent and slow like ghosts they glide." 
 
 ('0 l^cfinQarentm,Ie,flnnni...frfh,hr;nf, lyhe-wnh', merlin 
 
 nheillllil, l'-i/(/,oil-iehuir. ' 
 
 (M Give (with aid of The /,,,.,/ wl„-e possible) the etv- 
 molo-y of /Irmdso,,,. , /imr/,„rh, Cnnislou,,^ [hure, 
 DidKiliii. llnnbii^ l\iickryM. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 I 
 
 THE Ciri/rTTJiK USKOF JJTKKATURE. 
 
 By WM. HOUSTON, M.A. 
 itiijiriiiti)! J'l'iim <,'a{/v'n Admnved Jiiiidrr.) 
 
 IMl'OKTANt'K OK MKTIIUlt. 
 
 In no ot her Hchuul subject it* luolhod of more ituportanco thun it 1m 
 in tlio culluro Htiuly of litenituro, and in no other ix tliu impertinent 
 inlurmuildlinif of the inex|)crt or inefHi-ietit tuuvlier more mitichievouH. 
 Tho wise miiMtcr will nllow tho aiilhor, us much a« poK>sihlo, to do his 
 own teaching of tho pupil, and will at first content himsjlf.with in- 
 troducing them to eiich other in 8uch a way 08 to secure a pr-jpooKeHHion W 
 by the author of tho pupil's faculties and HymputhieH. .. - tual » 
 
 ac(|uaintance riiujurt under his overHight ho will find «■ , Vlwr- 
 
 tunities to direct tho attention of tho chiss to what is .--i ving 
 
 of it, but only after all reasonable effort has failed by i. >i ques- 
 
 lioninir to bring out what ho thinks tho right interpretation will he 
 exercise his privilege of expressing his own opinion. 
 
 VALUE OF ORAL READING. 
 
 It is inevitable that tho study of litcroturo in schools should be 
 closely connected with the practi(;o of oral reading, and it is <is desir- 
 able as it is unavoidable. The sound of the voice is so essential to tho 
 process of interpretation tliut a teacher who persistently and carefully 
 practises reading aloud will find himself greatly aided by it in his own 
 comprehension of tlio printed text. If this is true ho will a fortiori he 
 able to uso oral retiding effectively as a means of making his class 
 collectively and individually acquainted with tho author through his 
 work. Tho mind may bo reached through the ear as well as through 
 the eye, and both should be used in the study of literature. Moreover, 
 until the pupil gives his interpretiition of a passage by reading it aloud 
 the teacher ciuiiiot know pi-edscly what it Is. Xo questioning can bo 
 made sufficiently miniito or searching to bring it fully to lighL 
 
 280 
 
TlIK (Jitl.TirKK TmK ok lilTKHATlTKK. 
 
 2M1 
 
 INTKKI'KtrTATlUN HV TlIK ITFII,. 
 It follo^VM fn..n wliiit hiis \HH'.n wii.l that ivury mIwiIoii in tho an 
 tholojfy Hhoul.1 b« dealt with in k„i„o way that will Uavo tliu |Mi|.il 
 free to work out hin own ai.pivhtiiMion ot it. ( iilliirc haw no necessary 
 relation to any particular InterprcUilion. but it in al>Holnlt'ly tonditioncl 
 on the pupilH flndlnjf an intor|)nuttion for hini-.»lf. Wlml ho arrivc-M 
 at may have litllo inlrliiHlo valuo for any ..inir |Krs»n. h„t if it in 
 really hi« own It 1h Invaluablo lo him. Wine an.l n..t t.H, «..««. .stive 
 c-l.»>« quoHtioning will rtsnlt pn.UO.ly In a mo^ilfltaiK.n of iho iinpilV 
 opinions by attrition and ponsibly in wHnoenlarKem.uitof the tea.hers 
 own views. Thcso may bo UHcfully jfi vcn at the close of the .liscussion 
 not a8 dogmatic substitutes for all the previous interpreUiUons but as 
 snwestod alternatives for after coiisidcrut ion. It is unneccss^iry to luld 
 that tho pupil should never Ihj informed beforehand what he may 
 expect to llnd in a prescrilHsd Hleclion, and tluit not iv single wonl of 
 explanation shoul.l ever bo jfiven until he has had a chan o to do all 
 ho can for himself. A gooil bu. not neiessarily voluminous lexicon is 
 indispensable in tho stu«ly of litrrature. 
 
 UKTAIKS OK <'lw%SS WdKK. 
 Every selection should lie used in the class for three distinct ptir 
 poses. aiMirt from Its use as one of a tjr..np for <omi>anvtive study. 
 Those may bo thus succinctly described :- 
 
 I. After having been previously assijjnul without any hint or 
 explanation of any sort whatever, the selection sho.dd Ihj miwle 
 a subject of general .liscussion with b.wks closed, for tho pur- 
 pose of eliciting opinions on such topics as the author's sUmd- 
 point and mctho«l. his use cf artist ic devices to accouii.lish his 
 purpose, his outlook on nature an.l hunumity, his descriptive 
 or dramatic iK»wcr, tho characters he intnxluccs and tho p<irt.-. 
 he assigns to them in his sket<h or narmtlve, tho use ho makes 
 of his own Imagination, and the nicth.Mls by which lio secures 
 tho exercise of tho winie facility in others. Such questioning as 
 will servo this purpose will also enable the tca<hcr toascert^iin 
 whether the prescribed private rouling has been effectively 
 done by the pupils. 
 
 •-'. In tho second treatment of the sclecli.n it shonld l>e minutely 
 dissected with books oiK-n, for the pu.ikjso of securing complete 
 mastery of tho author's nuxlcs of expression. Questions should 
 be asked the cori-.^t answers to whi,h will involve tho uso by 
 the pupils of ev.iy important or unusual or diffl.iilt word or 
 phrase in the whole pitee. This .malysis is a necessary preiNini- 
 tion for intelligent onil rciuling, and it may be nuulo highly ser- 
 viceable in securing improved pronunciation and enunciation. 
 
2H2 
 
 TiiR Cpi.TirHB Uhk or Litkhaturi. 
 
 'A. Thn thini iiM4t (if tho M«-|iH*tfoii in clitMM |h n<<wlii<ir It nloiid, nnd 
 tlio tiMiflMT, in onlcr to }•<• 'ti n |M>Hitioii to HM'<'Hi)in what the 
 nailiT'H intcrpn>tittiiin ri'itiiy i«, »lHinl<l lii-nr thn Ii-hhou without 
 M-cinif it. Olio who Ik InMIi hcariiitr himI woiiiir riiiinot tfll how 
 iiiiirh of hlH own i-oni|tn-hciiHloii of lh«« |NiMwtir<< ho olitalim 
 tliniiitrh till! I'yo anil how nnich tliroiitfh th«i i-ar. It Khoiihl b<^ 
 ii^-^iiiiicil that thn |iii|iil kiiowx nnii U nhio to explain why ho 
 niakcM iiHo of ci-rt-iilii paii>«<>M, i-crtiiin toiieH of volri>, rrrtnin 
 ili'trrt'i-H of <>niph!is|H, uihIhooii. TIh-'o iirMall iiH'iiim ofmnvoy- 
 Ititf tlio rfiiilrrV iiitfrpn-tatioii of thn pici-n to thn hcan'r, nnd 
 they Hhoiihl liu kc|it Htrictly auxiliary to thai puriHiMn nnd 
 hIiouIiI iiiiI, Im) usrd ainili'NNly and rart>Ii*MMly. Onil rciulinir am n 
 M(i|iii-| to litnniry Hliidy may Im iiiadu oiin of the inoHt vtrnctlve 
 tiinanM of cnltiini nvailiihlo in educational work. 
 
 ANAt.VMIS itK A SKLWTION. 
 
 Tho opiNirtnnltii'M ntfonl. d in HcluMd for thn cultiirn uho of litnm- 
 tiiro will Ih) coniiiarativi'ly waHtcd if they do not Icavo thn )iupil In 
 |NiHr4(vsion of n iiu>tho<l of donliiiif Hiihsniiiicntly with other litcmturu 
 for hiniMolf. Dcflnlto rukM to effurt thlM cannot Iw usefully laid down 
 or followed, hut koimo general eonxidcmtlonK niny profltnhly bo borne 
 in mind, nnd in neeortlnneo with these tho pupil Hhould bo ndvlHcd to 
 pn piiro himself for his daily elass work Intelliirvnt interpretation of 
 lilcratiiro thus lioeomes habitual, nnd >. tho trcHtnieiit in cIiikh Ih 
 never nlereotyped ho is not likely to liccomo tho vietim of empty for- 
 malism in his inde|H-iident work. The followliiff nre a few of thoeon- 
 hideratloiis referred to:— 
 
 1. Every jiicco of ]itcmtiii*u that is urescribed for ntudy should Im; 
 eharaeterized n« far as possible by nrtistio compIotenesM nnd 
 ortfanlo unity. Somo relaxation of this dietiim has been nllowed 
 in tho prepamtion of this anthology in order to seeuro hcIcc- 
 tions fnim tho works of great prose writers, but even in those 
 eases euro has In-eii taken to make tho exeerpts as self-eon- 
 tainctl as iK)s-iblc. There is iiuilo as much of artistic pur|iose 
 diseerniblo in "Itip Van Winkle "or "David Swan "as there is 
 ill "Tlie Aiuient Mariner," "King Robert of Sicily," or "The 
 Italian in England." An artistic result implies nn ideal realized, 
 and tho ideal should be discovenible by the aiuiiytic study of 
 l!ie resulting product. 
 
 ■J. Tho first nnd most important task devolving on tho student is to 
 bi'como ac(iiiainted with tiio prescribed or selected text as n 
 wliole. This may l>o acconiplisbed only by successivo readings 
 of it as a whole. The im|)ortaiit purjwse so served will not be 
 «er\ed by any study of it piece by piece, however thoroughly 
 

 TlIK C'l MTUK VhK f.K I.ITKI.MIJIJH. 
 
 '2h:\ 
 
 It limy »K. •lull,'. Tl... lin,.r.«|,M, l,.ft \,y „ n.vi inni^al « ill ,„m-.w 
 
 Harllv lH..|iM,ai..I ,.H,f, ; l,„t Mil... .|,„.„| r.u.lintfs will ,|....,«„ 
 
 ir. .•..n...| inisipi.r. h.ii-l.„,., ,,,,.1 .1. |ui|.|Niniil Ii.,.m„M. .. 
 
 cl.-«. til! out ,,f 11... ni.i,s of .•..nrii.i..ri .i... rtr.M , .,|,i„^ |||,. 
 
 iitia.|,-.,„.it.. Mrw of tl... ,..,-!,.„••, aili-.i.. v ...k I,. |,. .....npl.-t. 
 
 nOMH IIIkI In'UII'V. 
 
 :«. Analy-ls of tl... «..,k I,. II... ,.|;:|„. .pirii. -„ f,,,- fr..,,. .l.-ln.sinu 
 n.o ^t.l.l...,f, |„t,.,v.t in iN iM.ai.ly. JH liK.ly ,„ ,.„|,„:,.-,. j, Jf 
 fliiicoill|HMiti..n has 1m,..i artl-li.allv j.iit l.,u.Ml...f llnr.. uilll... 
 
 11 nTlaiii .!i..„v.Tal.|.. r.lati...i a uu tl,.- part., .-.i,,! ImIu,.!, 
 
 .•...1. of II..MII aii.l II,., wh.,|., uoik. Tl... I„,ia..i,| « |,„ .„ni..„t. 
 l.iii.H,.|f with M.., .li.,M.,.(i.,nofa l!..w..r f.,r Mi.i.i in,. p,„.,H,„., 
 
 il.Tlv,.s no ••s||,..||,. Kali«fa.li..i, fr...., il. f..,„,an.l , r, l..il,oi... 
 
 may Hrt..r.„,i..y|„t,|m lM.a,„y {...ivav.. |,i, |.|..,,-,„-.. i„.|Hl„|i..|y 
 
 ».y «akl..tf If to I.I.-.-...S to U«...,-t,,i„ iH.NV llM.y ,„,. ,,,1,,,,.,, ,„,,^„,,, 
 
 olli.^r a. ..I tl. till- wlml... 
 
 «. V |.|....„ „r Iil..ralwr., ,„.,y I,., a,mIy/.,-l r..r a:.y 0..0 „f ...yoral 
 |Mir,,.,,..M. The, Hln.ltM.L UV.M- .|,..i,.., t.. sl.i.ly It. ,lH.|,„i,.„| „,„.• 
 t.iro to ohialii H cl..ar Uhux of tl,.. a.ith...'. ..lMlivi«i„„s of l.j, 
 ..il.Jo,.t.,„atl,.r. ..f hi. ,„a„.,..r „f <..,„.i .•n.ti,.^ |.a,-,.^n..,.h.. of 
 
 h.M U.0 of flK.irativ., huitrua;,',.. or „f Ih..,!,.,, t.-i- ..f hin ,Ii. ,i.,.. 
 
 1.^ n.^iinls form of H..„|,.,„.,.a.,.| ,h„l,„of «„nl.. II,, .nay l, .x,. 
 1.1 l..i...l th., i..v,..liyali„„ „f 11,,, io«i,.al sln..fup« of ,...„t,.«..,.s 
 for tl.., lT,.r,«.s„ of aMvrlainin,' ||.,. pa.t .-a.h v -.I op ^m....,, of 
 wonls plays in tho f..rn.ati..n „( t|,„ Mattni.'.-i whi.h n. ,. »,, 
 Iho xvhol,. ,li>,..,n,v,.. Hi. in,.. nil,.,, may 1., ,„ n.akou -p-iat 
 Klu.ly of in.livi.lnal wonls f,,- |1„. pu.-poM.of l„.,..,„n„ira,..,„,.|„.. ,1 
 
 with th..|r history n.i.l ns,.s. Or. in il... ,„>.• .,f .i.-v ,,„ „, ,^ 
 
 have in view H r..volatl.,n of th., .l.-v i.-,.. l.y „„,,,„ „f „.,,;,.,, 
 the iHa-t ha. pro,ln.v.l II,.. . l..ulnni.al f.,rn. tl,a., i, ||„, „.,. 
 .•I..irac|..risti., feainr... of Knylish x.. ,•,... All tl.N „,ay 1... ,l..i,. 
 how..y,.r. in a ,.nr..ly s.icntin.- spirit, as Ih., I.otanist ...av .li.s., , 
 a now.r .M- Iho ...i.,o..!.lo>rist, l.nak up .-i .ry-lal, in .ith.r .a... 
 for tin; inc.-.. |>iir|..,s.. .,f layin- I,,,-.. ii~ -1 ,11, 1 nr.-. 
 
 r>. T1...I-0 is anoth.-r ki.i.l of analysis whi.h .liffers oss^lially fn.n, 
 nil of th..s,.. an.1 to whi,.h tl...y shonM all he n.a.lo snh.l.l.ary 
 .» so far as th.y fln.l a pla.o in tho ,nlt„ro nso of liL-i.tlnn- 
 It is pr...npt..,l hy an esth.-.i,. rath, r than a >..i,.nlino in..fiy,." 
 Tho coinposition is x i,.w..,l fn.n. an ..notiona' n.fh.r thai, an 
 inLllclnal stan.lpoint. Tho pnrpo-., of tl,.- (■x..r.i„. i, to^.-onn- 
 «....i..yn,ont nith.'r than to a..|nirc inf..rn,ati..n. Ji is a stn.l> 
 
 of ! 
 
 he id.-al nithcr ihan of iiic ...tual. It inati 
 
 cxaiui.le. whet her sn.h a p.r 
 Arthur, or Kij, Vai, Winkl 
 
 <Ts not, for 
 
 ion as Hala.lin, or S.Mi-atc 
 
 , or FCin^r 
 
 e. ..r R(jsr ..11.;, or Dora, or Kali. 
 
384 
 
 TlIK ClILTlJMV. 1!mB ok lilTKHATUKK. 
 
 WiUowH (<vttr UvinI; thu lltumry **<iiii|NiHlti«tnM In whicli thi'y 
 fltfuru liiivu nil liiiuruMl. niitl it viiliio i|iittu tiHl«|iuiHl«iit of nil 
 qiiuMtloiiH u( hiHturtunI ur l)iutfni|iliicnl ftu-t. 
 
 Hk Thuru li« n plncu In i^vury m-Iiin*I tiiiiuuiblu for thu Htiidy of 
 rliotoiic. niitl irmiiiuiiir. niid pliiloluity, uiid pniMNly. nnil it Im 
 ritfht and iiuwHMiry tlinl ll-uy hIioiiIiI ih-cvIvu their iIiiu tiioiuun- 
 of attontioii. It in not w\m\ howuvc-r, tonllow thfin to In'cohm- 
 too prouiiiittiit III Miu hoiirH, nil tou tt-.w nt thu iiitMt, iluvotod to 
 tho Htiuly of litumtiiru um a |>rt!|Ninitioii of tli*^ pupil for life. Ilo 
 liiM buuii liiboriou.-<ly nml iNiiiifully tiuiKht to rend, mid tliun-- 
 foru it in nil iiii|»urtniit that hu ^ll<)uhl Ih; tniin<-d to M-lf<-t Ihi! 
 ritfht kind of ruudiiitf innttur mid to iiinlii! thu ritflit iixu of it. If 
 tills quutitioii of " whafniid "how "in not npproncliud fniiii thu 
 lioint of view of ciuotionul pluaMiiro mthvr than of didnctiu 
 utility tho chiuf iMlvaiiUitfu of literary Htiidy for liotli teacher ..iid 
 piipilH in likuly to Im) iiiUHud altoiruthur. With tho irrent iiinjority 
 of pcoplo, ufter hcIiooI lifu Im ovur, rutuliiitf in alinoxt eiilin-ly n 
 iiiuiiM of ruuruntion, and to Itrnoru thix obvloUH nnd monioiitotiH 
 fact durinir u pupH'K hc-IiooI iieriod Ih to lunvu tliu einotionnl kIiIu 
 of hU nnturu, which Ih thu oiiu luortt |>otciit for koo<1 or u\ il in 
 hiM lifu, toKo without HyHluniatio trainiiiif. Why should thu pru- 
 vnlcnt hnbit of roading bookn that arc tranhy, ur \vor»e, lio a 
 caUMU of Hurprisu when ho littlu in donu by ciliicalion to troun- 
 toroct In advancu tho evil liirtuciiccs cif c-iiviniiiniciit ? 
 
1 ^1 
 
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