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ttl. Ji. <r»iiof <k (Co « (fbHf.ilion.ll Sttit9.

TJIE I.AV
OF TIIK LAST MINSTRKL

n>rri:u iiv
A. II. HKVNAM. MA. LL.I>..

l'ru/,Hs„r „/ /•:„„. I.lhrfihirr in In-tori,, I ,,ir. rxit,,. T-mtifo,

- ».M»

<•. cr.AnKSON, I!. A.

I.iiti I'lhiiiiMiInf Siiifotih i\tlt,,il,iti- hiMtH'itt.

Willi w K\: riesi s IIS

I'KOKKSSOK WILLIAM «'L.\ltK. M. A.. I.L.D.. Im 1... F. |J S.r
Triiiilii I'ltint-nili/, TdvuhIu.

• ONTAIMXU .\'.s;!

A'.V A7.V 'IS lis . I XI) i:xA MIX. t TlftX i,H ' /. •lt)Xs

IIV II Hi II S<I1«H»I. TK.\<IIKI .,
J -AM.

Av K- .:■ „s iiiK Cii.ri H- > sk ,,k I,, cah hk iv
W.M. HOL'S'V, M.A.

TORONTO :

W. J. (iACH & COM I 'A XV. i.iMiTKi.
—1901 —

/ ./

'■'f

Entered according to the Act of Parliament of Canada, in the
office of the Minister of Airicultiire, by W. J. Ga(SE & Co.
(Limited), in the year one thougand nine hundred and
one.

PREFACE.

This etlitioii of The Lny of Ihv L,>M Mimfrel is primarily in-
teiHled toimjuttlierwiuireiiunts of tJio University Examiniitioiis
and of tho liiglicr exaininatia;i.s licM by tlio Education Deiwirt-
iiients of tlie various Proviucts of tho Dominion. At the same
time tho general reader will find interesting material brought
together in the form of a clear text, concise notes, instructive
pictures, an appreeiative sketch of tlie author's life and works, a
list of contemjKjrary autliors and events, a copious selection of
criticisms, and a number of jxiges of questions and literary
exercises fouudetl on the i)oem. Tho s|)eeial contributions of Dr.
William Clark, Dr. A. H. Reynar, and Mr. Houston deal with
imjKjrtant topics of universid interest.

The text hiis been made as accurate as iwssible, and is pre-
sented in a form that makes ready reference more simple than tho
usual stylo of printing it. A large number of Sijott's own XoIhh
are given in full and many more have l»een condensed or in-
cor|)orated in the editor's annotations of the text. Where con-
ciseness is iKjssiblethe notes are short to the shortest, but they
will lie found sutiiciently minute in detail where sjKJcial informa-
tion is required. The illustrations have l»een chosen with a view
to assist the American reader in realizing some of the Scottish
landscapes, and to understand the numerous architectural, mili-
tary, and feudal terms that lie scattered in profusion throughout
the jKXjm.

The criticisms, questions, and exercises aie intended to be
suggestive of indet)endeiit judgments, and aro supiwKsed to lie
used as steps in tho historic and comparative method of studying
literature. As will Ihj seen, some of the pajKJrs ])ear tlie names of
well-known teadiers, to whom tlie pu))lishers aro much indebted
for advice and assistance in the p/ei^ration of the book.

CONTENTS.

■*

I
f

Map ok St'oTT-LANi>

The Lay of tub Last Minstrki

Life or Sir Wai.tkk Scott

Great Events of Scott's Lifk

List of S<;ott'8 Chief Wokks

Contemporary Authors and Events

Scott's Preface

Time-Analysis of the Lav

Lord Jeffrey's Anai-vkis op the Lay

Annotations — Prelude

Canto I

Canto II

Canto III ' " "

Canto IV

Canto V

Canto VI

Opinions and Criticisms

Scott's Pi.a<e in Literature, by William (Mark, M.A.,

LL.D., F.R.sr

Poetry: What It Is and How it Siioti.u ise Sti died.

bj Rev. A. H. Reynar, MA., LL.D

Questions and Exekcises

examin.ation questions

The Culture Use of Literature, l»y \V. IToiistoii, M.A...

PAliE

8
9

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no
111

14(i
147
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212

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2S0

MAP CK SCOTT-LAND.

THE LAY

THE LAST MINSTREL.

HARP OP MAKY, QtJKKN OF SCOTS.

PRELUDE.

The way was long, the wind was cold,
The Minstrel was infirm and old ;
His withered cheek and tresses gray
Seerned to have known a Ixitter day ;
The harp, his sole remaining joy,
Was carried by an orphan boy.
The la^^t of all the Bards was he,
Who sung of liorder chivalry ;
For, well-a-day ! their date was fled.
His tuneful brethren all were dead ;
And he, neglected and oppressed,
Wished to be with tliem and at rest.
No more on prancing palfrey borne,
He carolled, light as lark at morn ;

The Lay of tiik Last Minstbku

PRBtUDB.

Newark's stately tower (i«, 13).

No longer courterl and carcs-sed,

Higl. placed in l.all, a welcome' guest,

He i>oured, to lord and lady gay,

The unpremeditated lay:

Old times were changed, old manners gone •

A stramjer filled the Stuarts' throne;

Thr bigots of the iron time

Had called his liarmless art a crime.

A wandering harper, scorned and poor

He begged his bread from door to door

And tuned, to please a pea.sant's ear,

The harp a king had loved to hear.

He passed where Newark's stately tower
Looks out from Yarrow's birchen bower :
I lie Minstrel gazed with wishful eve-
No humbler resting-place was nigh!!

PBEMD*:. The Lay op tiik Ii.\sT Mixstrkl.

Tho ciiilmlllci] portal iinli In- iiasscd (II, '.').

With hesitating step at hist
The em hilt tied portal aivli Ihj passed,
Whoso i)oii(leroii.s grate and massy har
Had oft rolled hack the tide of war,
But never tlose<I tho iron door
Against the (hssolate and poor.
The Duchess marked his weary pace,
His timid mien, and reverend face,
And hade her ])age the meinals tell
Tliat they should tend tho old man well:
For she luul known adversity
Though horn in such a high degree ;
In pride of p<»wer, in Ijeauty's hloom,
Had wept o'er ^fonmouth's bloody tomh I

When kindness had his wants supplied^
And the old )nan was gratified,
Began to rise his minstrel pri<le ;

111

Thk Imy ok ti.k Laht Minhthkl.

I'KBLUDK.

An.I Iio iK-gim to talk anon

Of ««.k| K»rl Fmncris, dead ami gone.

And of E.u'1 Wultor. ,^.st him G.hI !

A Jiravor no'or to battle rode •

Ami how full ,„any a tale he' knew

"f the old warriors of Buccloueh •

And, would the nohle DuchesH deign

io listen to an old man's strain,

Tlu>ugh stiff his hand, his voice though weak,

He thought even yet. the sooth to speak.

That. If «he love.I the harp to hear,

iio could make nmsic to her ear.

The humhle Ixxm was soon ohtaine,! ;
llio aged Minstrel audience gained
liufc when he reached the rr. ,a of state
^V here she with all her lau.es sate,
Perchance he wished his boon denied •
For, when to tune his harp he tried
His trembling hand had lost the ease
Which marks security to please ;
And scenes, lo„g past, of joy and pain
Came w.ldering o'er his aged brain-
He tried to tune his harp in vain.
The pitying Duchess praised its chime
And gave him heart, and gave him time,
iill every stiing's according glee
Was blended into harmony.

And then, he said, he would full fain

He could recall an ancient strain

He never thought to sing again.

It was not framed f.,r village churls,

-ut for high dames and mighty earls;

Ho had played it to King Charles the Good

>\hen he kept court in Holyrood;

pRKLtroE. Tub Lav of tub Law Mixsthkl.

When ho kept conrt In Holyrood (19, 34),

And much he wislietJ, yet feared, to try

The long-forgotten niclo<ly.

Amid the strings his fingers strayed,

And an uncertain warl)ling made.

And oft he shook his hoary head.

r>ut when he caught the measure wild,

The old man raised his face and smiled ;

And lightened up his faded eye

With all a poet's ecstasy !

In varying cadence, soft or strong,

lie swept the sounding chords ahju" :

The present scene, tiic future lot,

His toils, his wants, were all for-'ot :

Cold diffidence and age's frost

In the full tide of song were lost;

Each blank, in faithless memory void.

The poet's glowing thought supplied ;

And, while his harp responsive rung,

'Twaa thus the Latest Minstrkl suns.

Tub Imt op tiir Im«t Minmthkl.

CANTtt L

The Lulyo liaci uoiie l.i lur st.n.t liowor (14, •.').

CANT(^ T.

TiiK feast was over in JJianksoino tower,

And the Ui]ye l.ad ijr.ne to lu-r socivt bower,

Her bower that was -uar.led by word and by' spell,

l>eadly to liear, and deadly to tell—

Jesu Abuia, shield us well !

No living wi-ht, save the Ladve alone,

Hail dar-d to cross the threshold stone.

The tables were drawn, it was idlesse all ;

Knight and page and household squire '
Loitered through the lofty jiall,

Or crowded round the ample fire:
The stag-hounds, weary with the chase,

Ljiy stretched up«ju the rushy floor,

CANTO I. Thi I^v or TUB Imht Mi.vhtukl.

With belted Hword hikI H|mr on heel (15, ]■.').

And urged in dreams tlie forest race,
From Teviot-8tone to ENkdale-nioor.

Nine-and-twenty knights of fame

Hung their shields in Branksome Hall ;
Nine-and-twenty squires of name

Brought them their stee<]s to Inmer from stall;

Nine-and-twenty yeomen tall

Waited duteous on them all :

They were all knights of mettle true,

Kinsmen to the l)old Buceleuch. m

Ten of them were sheathed in steel,
With btilted sword and spur on heel ;
They quitted not their harness bright,
Neither by day nor yet by niffht :

They lay down to res' jj

With corselet laced,

Thk Uy

«•• T..« U^ MlH^^^

rASTo I.

„ «-"'«i. With f^-iett »s:,t ;'*"'•

'" And with Jerlw^^i '' ^ '»^«',

■"'oy -aw, to c 'rn "r' ''^ -■«'■"

'■'■"y watel, t„ ,;;; '« WclLoun,, bavin,;

:•- - Saint cdcjt,":!-" '•"•''"^^

T" 1.H, the midnii, , ""^ "roaming,

■^""1' ■» the custo,,, . ,. ,

"""y a valiant I ,''""""' »»»•
* But 1,; u, " / / •""«'" ■'•' here :
• "'" '"""'tain of then, .j,'

I WTO I.

eAKTo I. Tm I^v or tub La«t MisiKTRRt.

Hi.

Whon tho Htrcuti* of hltfh Duiiixiiii ,|J, 7».

His Hword hangs rusting jn the wall

Beside his broken spear.
Banls long shall tell
How Lord Walter fell !
When startled burgliers flod afar
The furies of the JJorder war,
When the streets of high r>uned:n
Saw luncos gleam and falchions redden,
And hoai-d the 8lop««n'8 deadly yell, —
Then the Chief of Branksonie f(>ll.

Can piety the discord heal.

Or stanch the death-feud's enmity »
Can Chri;*tian lore, can patriot zeal,

Can love of blessed charity ?
No ! vainly to each holy shrine

In nmtual pilgrimage they drew.
Implored in vain the grace divine

For chiefs their own red falchions slew.

]ii

Tmk Lay ok the Last Mjnstkkl,

CANTO I

While Cessford owns tlio rule <>f Carr,
While Ettrick leasts the line of Scott

The slauglitered chiefs, the mortal jar,

The liavoc of the feudal war,
Khali never, never Im> forgot !

In s(.rrow o'er I^,rd Walter's hier
The warlike foresters hafl in'nt,
And many a flower and many a tear
Old 'J'eviot's maids and matrons lent ;
Hut o'er her warrior's Mocnly bier
The Ljidyo dropped nor flower nor tear i
Vengeance, deei>-],roo<Jing o'er the slain,
ilud locked the source of softer wcx!
And burning pride and high disdain
^ Forl>ade the rising tear to flow ;
Lentil, amid his sorrowing clan.

Her son lisped from the nurle's knee
" And if I live to be a man,

My father's death revenged shall Ih- i "
Then fast the mother's t,>urs did sec-k
To dew the infant's kindling cheek.

All loose her negligent attire.

All loose her g<.]d(.n luiir,
H-jng Margaret o'er Ikt slaughtered sire
^ And wept in wild despair.
Jiut not alone the bitter tear

Had filial grief supplied.
For hopeless love and anxious fear

Had lent their mingled tide;
Nor in her mother's alten-d eye
Thivvi] she to look for svmpathy.
Her lover 'guinst her father's clan
With Carr in arms had st.Kxl,

CANTO I.

Tub Lay op the Last Minstrel.

^.'•j • ' A ',-(11 _v

■ /

; ^ ^ ■

V I

■ \ 1

•

♦

•4

■9

K*-. ■

Saint Andrew's cloistered hall (19, 14).

When Mathouse-burn to INIelrose ran

All purple with their hlood ;
Ami well she knew her mother dread,
IVfore Lord Cranstoun she should wed,
Would see her on her dyinj^ l)ed.

Of noble race the Ijadyo came ;
Her father was a clerk of fame.

Of Detliune's line of Picardie :
He learned the art that none mav name

In Padua, far l)evond the sea.
Men said he changed his mortal frame

r»y feat of niagic mystery ;
For when in studious mood he paced

Saint Andrew's cloistered hall,

II)

The Lay of the Last Minhtrkl.

His form no darkening shadow traced
Upon the sunny wall I

And of his skill, as bards avow,
He taught that Layde fair.

Till to her bidding she could' bow
The viewless forms of air.

And now she sits in secret bower.

In old Lord David's western tower.

And listens to a heavy sound

That moans the mossy turrets round.

Is It the roar of Teviot's tide,

That chafes agaimi the scaur's red side?

Is It the wind that swings the oaks?

Is It the echo from the rocks ?

What may it be, the heavy sound,

That moans old Branksome's turrets round ?

At the sullen, moaning sound
The ban-dogs bay and howl.
And from the turrets round

Loud who ps the startled owl
In the hall, both squire and knight

Swore that a storm was near
And looked forth to view the night •
But the night was still and clear I

From the sound of Teviot's tide.
Chafing with the mountain's side
From the groan of the wind-swung oak
From the sullen echo of the rock
From the voice of the coming sto'rm,

Ihe Ladye knew it well »
It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke,

And he called on the Spirit of the Fell.

CANTO I.

CANTO I. Tub Lay of tub Last Minstrel.

KIVER SPIRIT.

"Sloep'st thou, brother?"

MOUNTAIN 8PIKIT.

" Brother, nuy —
On my hills the inoonl)eam8 play.
From Cruik-cross to Skelfhiil-pen,
By every rill in every glen,

Merry elves their morris pacing,
To aerial minstrelsy,
Emeiald rings on brown heath tracing,

Trip it deft and merrjiy.
Up, and mark their nimble feet !
Up, and liht their music sweet !"

RIVKR SPIRIT.

"Tears of an imi)risoned maiden
Mix with my polluted stream ;

Margaret of Braiiksome, sorrow -laden,
Mourns beneath the moon's pale beam.

Tell me, thou who view'st the stars,

^\'hen shall cease these feudal jars?

Wljut shall bo the maiden's fate?

Who shall be the maiden's mate?"

MOUNTAIN SPIRIT.

"Arthur's slow wain his course doth roll

In utter darkness round the |)ole ;

The Northern Bear lowers black and grirn,

Orion's studded belt is dim ;

Twinkling faint, and distant far.

Shimmers through mist each planet star ;

111 may I read their high decree :
But no kind influence deign they shower
On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower

Till pride be quelled and love be free."

The unearthly voices ceased,

And thfi heavy sound was still j

It died on the river's breast,
It died on the side of the hill.

The Lay of tub Last Minstuel.

But round Lord David's tower

The sound still floated near;
For it rung in the Ladye's bower,

And it rung in the Ladye's ear.
She raised her stately head,

And her heart throbbed high with pride
"Your mountains shall bend
And your streams ascend.

Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride ' "

Tlie Ladye sought the lofty hali,

Where many a bold retainer lay,
And with jocund din among them all

Her son pursued his infant play.
A fancied moss-trooper, the boy

The truncheon of a spear bestrode,
And round the hall right merrily

In mimic foray rode.
Even bearded knights, in arms grown old,

Share in his frolic gambols bore,
Albeit tlieir hearts of rugged mould

Were stubborn as the steel they wore.
For the gray warriors prophesied

How the brave boy in future war
Should tame the Unicorn's pride,

Exalt the Crescents and the Star.

The Ladye forgot her purpose high

One moment and no more.
One moment gazed with a mother's eye

As she paused at the arched door;
Tlien from amid the armed train
She called to her William of Deloraine.

A stark moss-trooping Scot., was he
As e'er couched Border lance by knee:

CANTO L

CANTO I. Tub Lay of tiik Last ALn.stuku 23

Through Solway Sands, tlirough Turrus Moss,

Blindfold he knew the patiis to ci-uss ;

By wily turns, by desperate Ixiunds,

Hud baffled Percy's best bl(x>dhounds ;

In Eske or Liddel fords were none S

But he would ride them, one by o*ie ;

Alike to him was time or tide,

Decemlxir's snow or July's pride ;

Alikt to him was tide or time,

M«)onless midnight or matin prime : 10

Steady of heart and stout of hand

As ever drove prey from Cumberlaiul ;

Five times outlawed had he been

By England's king and Scotland's <|ueen.

"Sir William of Deloraino, g(MHl at nee<I, i."i

Mount thee on the wightest steed ;

S{)are not to spur nor stint to ride

Until thou come to fair Tweedside ;

And in Melrose's holy pile

Seek thou the Monk of Saint Mary's aisle. ai

Greet tlie father well from me:

Say that the fated hour is coiner,
And to-night he shall watch with thee,

To win the treasure of the tomb :
For this will be Stvint Michael's night, "^

And though stars be dim the n)<x)n is bright,
And the cross of bloody red
Will point to the grave of the mighty dead.

" What he gives thee, see thou keep ;

Stay not thou for food or sleep : 30

Be it scndl or be it book.

Into it, knight, thou mnst not look ;

u thou reade.st, thou nrt loi-n !

..etter had: thou n(^'er Irmti born!"

Tub Lay of the Last Minstkkl.

CilNTO I.

Soon in hi8 saddle snte ho fast («4, 9)

" Zn^-f^^. '''"' 'P^^ "^y d^^PPle-gray steed,

Winch drinks of the Toviot clear •
Ere break of day," the warrior gan my

"Again will I be here :
Ami safer by none may thy errand be done

Inan, noble dame, by nie;
Letter nor line know I never one,
Were't my neck-verse at Hairilie."

Soon in his saddle sate he fast
And soon the steep descent he' passed,
boon crossed the sounding barbican
And soon the Teviot side he won.
Eastward the wooded path he rode
Green hazels o'er his basnet nod •

CANTO I.

TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minstrel.

Guided by tho tinkling rill (»5, »).

He passed the Peel of Goldilanil,
Ami crossed old Borthwick's roaring strand ;
Dimly he viewed the Mojit-hill's mound,
Where Druid shades still flitted round :
In Hawick twinkled many a light;
Behinil him soon they set in niglit ;
And soon he spurred his courser keen
Beneath the tower of Hazeldean.

The clattering hoofs the watchmen mark :
" Stand, ho ! thou courier of the dark."
" For Branksome, ho ! " the knight rejoined,
And left the friendly tower behind.
He turned him now from Teviotside,

And, guided by the tinkling rill,
Northward the dark ascent did ride.

And gained the moor at Horseliehill ;

Tug Lay or tub Laht Mi.votrel.

Broad on the left before Im„ Uy
For many a mile the Ronmn way.

A moment now he Blacked his speed.
A moment breathed hi, p.nti,.g nteell,

Drew Haddle-girth and corselet-bund.
And loosened in the sheath his brand.
On M.„tc>crags the moonbeams glint.
Where Barnhill hewed his bed of fli;t.
Who flung his outlawed limbs to rest
Whe^ fal^na hang their giddy „est
Mid cliffs from whence his eagle eye

Chffs doubling, on their echoes borne.

The terrors of the robber's horn ;

Oiffs which for many a later year

^e warbling Doric reed shall hear,

When some sad swain shall teach the grove

Ambition is no cure for love.

Unchallenged, thence passed Deloraine
To ancient Riddel's fair domain,

Where Aill, from mountains freed.
Down from the lakes did raving come;

E^h wave was crested with tawny foun.

Like the mane of a chestnut steed
In yam ! no torrent, deep or broad.
Might bar the bold moss-trooper's road.

At the first plunge the horse sunk low.
And the water broke o'er the sacldle-bolv •
Above the foaming tide, I ween,

Scarce half the charger's neck was seen;
For he was barded from counter to tail
And the rider w,« armed complete in mail •

• •ANTO I.

CANTO I. The Lay op tiim Last Minstrel.

Never heavier man and hone

Stemmed a midnight torrent's force.

The warrior's very plume, I say,

Was daggled by the dashing spray ;

Yet, through gtxxl heart and Our I^odye's grace, a

At length he gained the landing-place.

Nuw Bowden Moor the march-man won.

And sternly shook his plumed head.
As glanced his eye o'er Halidon ;

For on his soul the slaughter rod
Of that unhallowed morn arose,
When first the Scott and Carr were foes ;
When royal James beheld the fray.
Prize to the victor of the day ;
When Home and Douglas in the van
Bore down Buccleuch's retiring clan.
Till gallant Cessford's heart-blood dear
Reeked on dark Elliot's Border spear.

1ft

In bitter mood he spurred fast,

And soon the hated heath was past; n

And far beneath, in lustre wan.

Old Melros' rose and fair Tweed ran:

Like some tall rock with lichens gray,

Seemed, dimly huge, the dark Abbaye.

When Hawick he passed had curfew rung, 25

Now midnight lauds were in Melrose sung.

The sound upon the fitful gale

In solemn wise did rise and fail.

Like that wild harp whose magic tone

Is wakened by the winds alone. ao

But when Melrose he reached 'twas silence all ;

He meetly stabled his steed in stall.

And sought the convent's lonely wall.

Tub Lay of tiii.' r »«.•, *f

«'>NTO I.

INTKHT.i'l)K.

IIo .ecmed to «„k j,, „ •

If tl.»y approve,] hi, .„i„.,„,|;,. .

And every ge„t|e ,,dy thel;, "'

Ea«h after ead,, i„ d„„ j
Oavo prai«« to J,i, „,e,„dy ; '
"IS hand was trup ),;« ,/•

A"u™„eHt,,ey;„:;j:;j— -t:

Aftt. meet re«t again began.

i.\snt II. TlIK I^V OF TIIK LamT MiNHYHKL.

CANTO IT.

If tliou wouMnt view fair MolroHO aright,
Oo visit it by the jmiIo iiux»nlight;
For the guy beaniM of lightHoino day
Oihl lint to flout the ruins gray.
When the broken arclies are bhiek in night,
And each shafted oriel gliinniers white ;
When the cold light's uncertain Hhowcr
Streams on the ruinetl central tower ;
When buttress and buttress, alternately,
Seem framed of ebon and ivory;
When silver edges the imagery,
And the scrolls that teach tluHj to live aii«l die;
. When distant Tweed is heard to rave,
And the owlet to lKx>t o'er the dead man's grave,
Then go - Imt go alone the while -
Then view Saint David's ruined pile;
And, home returning, fioothly swear
Was ne\er scene so sad and fair !

Short halt did Deloraino make there;
Little recked he of the scene so fair :
With dagger's hilt on the wicket strong
He struck full loud, and struck full long.
The porter hurried to the gate :
"Who knocks so loud, and knocks so late?"
"From Branksome I," the warrior cried;
And straight the M-icket opened wide:
For Branksome's chiefs had in battle stood

To fence the rights of fair Melrose ;
And lands and livings, many a rcMwl,

Had gifted the shrine for their souls' repose.

cAfm» M. TiiK Lav ov tiik Laht Minhtuki-

\ llulfl I><>loruinK luH ornvml Hiii<l ;
The )Hii*tc*r \n>ui Win liumhle huml;
With torch in hiuul, iirul tt'i't uiiMhcNl,
Ami iic>iH(>U>NH Htfp, tho piith ho trtxl :
The un-hiKl cloister, fur ami wido,
Uiinx to the wiurior'H clanking Htride,
Till, htiH»i»ing low hiH lofty crest,
lh5 ontfiwl tho «•!! of tho ancient j»rimt,
And liftrd hin iHiniHl avontayle
To hail tho Monk of Haint Mary's aiNlo.

^. "Tho liudyo of nianksotno gi-eets thoo hy me,

Says that tho faird hour is como,
And that to-ni;^)it I shall watch with thw,

To win tho trcaMure of tho tonih."
KioMi sackcloth couch tho monk arose,

With toil his stiiTcmKl limbs ho roarwl ;
A hun<lred years hod flunj; their snows

On his thin locks and floating iNMird.

k ■

Atul strangely on tho knight looked he,

And his l)luo eves gleamed wild and wide:
"And darest thou, warrior, seek to see

What heaven and hell alike would hide?
^^y breast in l>elt of iron pent,

With shirt of hair and scourge of thorn,
For threescore years, in penance sj^nt.

My knees those flinty sttmes have worn ;
Yet all too little to atono
For knowing what should ne'er be known.
Wouldst thou thy every future year

In ceaseless prayer and penance <lri«!,
Yet wait thy latter end with fear —

Then, daring warrior, follow me ! "

211

•l'>

Thk Lav of the Last Minsthel.

CANTO u.

CROUlit

_^ ^

Ground I>Ian of MelroHe Abbey.
"Penance, father, will I none •
Prayer know I hardly one ;
For mass or prayer can I rarely tarry
Save to patter an Ave Mary. ^'

When I ride on a Border foray.
Other prayer can I „one ;
So speed me my errand, and let .„e l.gone."

And again he sighed heavily ;

For he had himself been a wa'rHor bold.
And fought in Spain and Italy.

^ow. slow and fainrrifdtewir-^^-^'^^'^^
Where, cloistered round, the ganien "lay;

CASTOU. TlIK Lav op TIIK LA^sT MiNSTKKI,.

The pillared arches were over th««ir heail,

And iKMieath tlieir feet were the bont^s of the deacl.

Spreading lierbs a ,<! flowerets bri-dit

3.1

^ Glistened

witl file uew of ^iirht

Nor lierb nor Joy/tM-eb glistened tliere

But

wjis carvel ;n the cloister-arcl

les as fair.

The monk gazed long on the lovely n.o<.n,

Then into the night he looked forth ;
And^ red and bright the streamers light

Were dancing in the glowing north.
Ho had he seen, in fair Castile,

The youth in glittering s(,uadrons start,
8u(kien the flying jennet wheel,

And hurl the unexpected dart.
He knew, by the streamers that shot so bright, ,.,

That spirits were riding the northern light. "

Ry a steel-clenched postern door

They entered now the chancel tall ;
The darkened roof rose high aloof

On pillars lofty and light and small :
The keystone that lockinl each ribbed aisle
Was a fleur-<le-lys or a quatre-feuiUe ;
The corbels were carved gn)tes<iue and grim ;
And the pillars, with clustered shafts so triin,
With bise and with capital flourished around'
Seemed bundles of lances which garlands had'b.mnd.

Full many a scutcheon and banner riven
Shook to the cold night-wind of heaven,

Around the screened altar's pale ;
And there the dying lamps did burn „

Before thy low and lonely urn,
O gallant Chief of Otterburne !

And thine, dark Knight of Liddesdale !

2(1

2-1

34 The Lay op the Last JMinsthkl.

O fading honors of the dead !
O high ambition lowly laid !

fl The moon on the east oriel shone

Through slender shafts of shapely stone,
» By foliaged tracery combined ;

Thou wouldsfc have thought some fairy's hand
'Twixt poplars straight the osier wand

In many a freakish knot had twined,
Then framed a spell when the work was done,
And changed the willow wreaths to stone.
The silver light, so pale and faint,
Showed many a prophet and many a saint,

Whose image on the glass was dyed ;
Full in the midst, his cross of red
Triumphant Michael brandished.

And trampled the Apostate's pride.
The moonbeam kissed the holy pane.
And threw on the puvemont a hloo<ly stain.

They sate them down on a marble stone—

A Scottish monarch slept below;
Thus spoke the monk in solemn tone :

"I was not always a man of woe;
For Paynim countries I have tnxl.
And fought beneath the Cross of God :
Now, strange to my eyes thine arms appear.
And their iron clang sounds strange to my ear.

"In these far climes it was my lot
To meet the wondrous Michael Scott ;

A wizard of such dreaded fame
That when, in Salamanca's cave,
Him listed his magic wand to wave,

The Ixills would ring in Notre Dame !
Some of his skill he taught to me;

CANTO n.

cANTf. I,. The Lay op tjik Last Minstrkl.

-a

That. when, in Salamanca's cave (34, 30).

And, wa, T pouj^j ^^^, ^^ ^^^^^

The wonis . cleft Eildon Hills in throo,
^ Ami l;ii,lkHj the Tweed with a curb „f st«,no •
Hut to ,s{>eak them wore a deadly sin,
An<l for having hut thought them n,y hc.irt within 6
A treble penance must he done.

"Wheii Michael lay on his dying Ix-d,

His consc? .e was awakened ;

He lx;thou^'ht him of his sinful deed,
And he ga\ me a sign to come with speed :
I was in Spain when the moiuing rose.
But I stood by his l>ed ore evening close.
The words may not again be said
That he spoko to me on death-l)ed laid ;
They would rend this Abbaye's massy nave,
And pile it in heaps above his grave.

1(1

TiiK Lay op thk Last Mivhtkel.

TANI-O II.

»*

{ U

3(J

' T swore to buiy liis Mighty B<K)k
That never mortal niiglit therein lo<»k ;
And never to tell where it was hid,
i<ii\o at hi,s Chief of liranksonie's need ;
And when that need was past and o'er,
Again the volume to restore.
I buried him on Saint Michael's night,
When the bell tolled one and the moon was bright,
And I dug his chamber among the dead,
When the floor of tlie chancel was stained ivd,
That his patron's cross might over him wav««,
And scare the fiends from the wizard's grave.

"Tt was a night of woe and dread
When Michael in the tomb I laid ;
Strange sounds along the chancel passetl,

The banners waved without a blast "

Still sjtoke the monk, when the bell tolled one! —

T tell you, that a braver man

Than William of Deloraine, good at nee«l,

Against a foe ne'er spurred a steed ;

Yet somewhat was ]w chilled with flread,

And his hair did bristle upcm his head.

" Lo, warrior ! now, the cross of led

Points to the grave of the mighty dead ;

Witiiin it burns a wondrous light.

To chase the spirits that love the night;

That lamp shall burn unquenchably.

Until the eternal dotwn shall be."

Slow moved the monk to the broad flagst.in«^

Which the bjoorly cross was traced u]M)n :

Ho pointed to a secret nook ;

An iron bar the warrior took ;

Ami the mcmk made a sign with his withered hand,

The grave's huge portal to expand.

r,\

NToii. The Lay of thk Last Arivsriaa,.

;J7

Bcforo thuir eyes Ur. wizard lay CW, 11).

Witli heating heart to the task h(^ went,

His sinewy frame o'er the grav(!.st<.no l>ent,

"NVith bar of iron heaved amain

Till the toi!<h-nps fell from liis },n>w.s like rjiin.

It was by dint of passing strength

That he moved the massy stone at length.

1£

3« T,,K Lav ok t,.k Last M,n«tkki.

I would you l.a,MxH.„ there to see
How tho ]i,.|.t broke forth so .Moriously,
Mreamed upward to the ehancel roof,
And through the galleries far aloof!

No earthly flaa^ebWl o'er so bright;
It shone bke heaven's own blessed light
And, issuing from the to.nb '

.Showed the monk's cowl and Visage mie

And kissed lus waving plunu-.

/ V l^^^re their eyes the wizard lav

A« If he had noc Wen dead a day
Hi8 hoary beard in silver rolled
He seemed some seventy wi„te,..; «ld •
A palmer's amice wrappc^d lum round',
^V ith a wrought Spanish baldric l>oun,i,

H>.s eft hand held his Look of JVIi.d.t
A sdver cross was in his right •

The lamp was placed bc-side his knee.
High and majestic «a,s his look
At which the fellest fiends had 'shook,
And all unruffled was his face :
Tliey trusted his soul had gotten grace.

Often Iiad William of Ddoraine
Rode through the battle's bloo<ly plain
And trampled down the warriors L" '

And neither known remorse nor awe
^et now remorse and awe he owned • '
ttis breath came think h;^ i i '

Whpn fl • T ' ^''''■''^ ^"^^'^ round,

VVhen tin. strange scene of death he saw

Bewildered and unnerved he stood,

And the priest prayed fervently and loud:

» INTO n.

CANTO II.

:'.

^ I

The Lav of tiik Lant Minstukl.

With eyes averted jjiayed lie ;

He might not eiuluro the sight to see

Of the mail he had loved so brotljerly.

And wJien the priest his death-prayer had prayud,

Thus unto Deloraine lie said :

" Now, speed thee what thou hast to do,

Or, warrior, we may dearly rue;

For those thou mayst not look upon

Are gathering fast round the yawning stone ! "

Then Deloraine in terror took

Fiom the cold hand the Mighty r,.K>k,

With iron clasped and with iron bound :

He thought, as he t<«,k it, the dead man frowiuMi ;

Hut the glare of tlie sepulchral light

Perchance had dazzled the warrior's sight.

When the huge stone sunk o'er the tomb,

The night returned in double gloom,

For the moon had gone down and tl'ie stars w.-re f.-w ;

And as the knight and priest withdrew,

With wavering steps and diz/y brain,

They hardly might the postern gain.

Tis said, as through the aisles they passed,

They heard strange noises on the blast ;

And through the cloister-galleries small,'

Which at mid-height thread the chancel wall,

Loud sobs, and laughter louder, ran.

And voices unlike the voice of man.

As if the fiends kept holiday

Because these spells were brought to day.

I cannot tell how the truth may be ;

I say the tale as 'twas said to me.

"Now, hie thee hence," the father said,
'And when we are on death-bed laid,

1(1

i.'t

Li I

The Lay of tiik Lamt Miv.stkkl.

ir>

«'.\.NTI> II.

<> n.ay our dear I^dyo and «w»H,t Saint John
forgive o„r souls for tho deed we have done »"
IJie n.onk returned hi.n to liis cell,

And nmny a p.ay,.r u„d jH.„uncJ «,„.! ;
W hen tl.0 convent met at tho noont.Mo l.-ll.

Tho Monk of Huint Mary's aisle wus ,lea.l !
Jt-'fore tho cross was tho bo<ly lui.j
With hands claspe,! fast, as if stilMu, j.rayed.

Tho k,n-,.ht hreathed free in tho n.orni,.. wi,.d

And strove his hardiho(Hl to find-

Ho was .lad when ho passe.l tho'ton.hstones .^ray

^Vh.ch Ku-dlo round the fair Abbayo ;

I;or the mystic IxK.k, to his bosom p.vssed.

I'olt like a loml ujKjn his breast

And his joints, with nerves of iro„ twined,

«iK>r,k like the aspen-lea ves in wind.

Full fain was he when the dawn of dav

Began to brighten Cheviot gray ;

He joyed to see the cheerful light

And he said Ave Mary as welfas he migl...

The sun had i.ri,i,d,t..nerl Cheviot gray,

The sun had brightened the Carter's si.l,. •
And soon beneath the rising day

Hmiled Branksome's towe,^ and Teviot's tide.
I ho w,)d birds old their warl,ling tale

And w,.J<oned every flower that blow.s •
And peeped i->rth the violet pale

And spread iK^r breast the mountain rr«e.
And lovelier than tl»e rose so rod,
Yet paler than the violet pale, '
She early leff hor sleepless bed.
The fairest m*id of Teviot/lale.

«■.»

N'<»". TiiK T.vY OK rifi: \,\sr Minstukl.

Why does sho iwt the whuyfc'y bhMMlli.Mui«l (41, T».

Wliy .l(H'.s fair Murgjiivb so early awako,

And don Ikt kirtio so liastilu; ;
And the silken knots, wliirh in ht.ny sl.o would make,

Why trenil.Ie her slciulor fliigt«rs to tic?
Why does she stop and look often around,

As she glides down the secret stair;
And why does she pat the shaggy bloo<lhound,

As lie rouses him up from his lair;
And, though she passes the postern alone,
Why is not the watchman's bugle blown?

The ladye steps in doubt and dread
I^st her watchful mother hear her tread;
The ladye caresses tlx; rough bloodhound
Lest his voice should waken the castle round;

1(1

TiiK Lay ov tiik Lamt Minmtukl.

I'.INTO II.

The watcliiM,Mi'« l,u«Io in iiut bl.mii

Fur lio w,iH Ikt foHttT-futliei'« son ;

And Hho glidoM through tho gn^nm.nl at dawn of li«|.t

1o imH^'t Jlaron lleury, Ikt „w„ true knight.

Tlio knight and ladyo fair are met,

And under the hawthorn's boughs aro set.

A fairer pair wei-e never seen

To meet beneath the Imwthorn grc^n.

He was stately and young and tall,

Ureaded in battle and loved in liall ;
And she, when love, scarce told, scarce hid,
Lent to her cheek a livelier red,
When tho half-sigh her swelling' bmwt
Against tho silken ribbon presMe<],
When her blue eyes their secret told.
Though shade'u by her IiHrks of gold-1
Whero would yoi M,d tho p«.erle.ss fair
With Margaret oi Urunksomo might conii.are !

And now, fair dames, methinks I see

You listen to njy minstrelsy ;

Your waving locks ye backward throw.

And sidelong bend your necks of snow

Ye ween to hear a melting tale

Of two true lo\ ers in a dale ;

And how the knight, with tender fire.
To paint his faithful passion strove.
Swore he might at her feet expire,
But never, never cease to love ; '
And how she blushed, and how she sighed.
And, half consenting, half denied,
And said that she would die a maid ;-
Yet, might the bloody feud be stayed,
Henry of Cranstoun, and only he,
Margaret of Branksome's choice should be.

ciMTuii. TiiK Lay oi.- tiik Lxht Mivwtkki..

AI««* ! fjiir duiiM'H, your Iioih-m mv viiin!
My Imrp luu< lost tliu oiKrlmntiiij^ Ntruiii ;

Its ligJitnoHM wouM my ago ivi>i'«>vo:
My hnirn are gray, my Hmhs mo old,
My hrart is iload, my vinm am <o|.l:

T may not, munt not, sing <»f lovo.

iW-m-atli an oak nioNNi**! oVr l>y eld,
Tho iJaron's dwarf liiti coursj'r Jii'ld,

And hold liis cro.st««d liclni and nj^'ar:
'i hat dwarf wuh Ht-arco an earthly man,
If tho taiea wero true that of him ran
Through all tho iJordor far and near.
'Twa8 said, when tho liaron a-hunting nnle
Through Uoedsdale's glens, \»ut ra.ely (nnj,
Jle heard u voieo cry, "Lost! lost! lost!"
And, like tennis-ball by racket tossed,

A leap of thirty ffiot and three
Mtule from tho gorso thi^j elfin shape,
J>istorted like some dwarfish aj)e,

And lighted at Lord Cranstoun's knee.
I^)rd Cranstoun was somo w hit dismaved ;
Tia said that live good miles he rade,

To rid him of his company ;
liut where ho ro<le one mile tho dwarf ran four,
And the dwarf was first at tho castlo (Kx»r.

Use lessens marvel, it is said :
This elfish dwarf with the JJaron staid ;
Little ho ate, and less he spoke,
Nor mingled with the menial fioek ;
And oft apart his arms ho tossed.
And often muttered, " Lost ! io.st ! lost ! "
He was waspish, arch, and litherlic,
But well lord Cranstoun served he:

t.'{

tfi

•jii

ari

« u

»l

An.1 Jio uf l.iH wTviw wiw full fain •
For on<^ 1,0 |„„i |^^.„ j^^.^.,^ ^^ ^j^^.^ '

An it l.ml not Un-ii for |,w mi.uHt'ry.
All U.tw.H.,, IIoMio a,„| Ifonnitu;^
i«lki..| of I^nl CmuMtouM-M Ooblii, Pagu.

For tl.0 lk.-o„ wont on pilgrinm^ro,
Ari.1 t«H,lc with him this ein,sh p,ig«

To Mary's ChuiK.l of tho Umvs ; '
I-or thoi-o, besi.lo Our I^wlyo's lake,
An offering he hud Hw<.rn to niuko,'

And ho w.iuld imy his vowm
l|ut tl.0 Ladyo of JJrankMon.o gatluMvd h l«tnd

Of ho lH..st that would ride at h.r conunund ;

llio trysting-placo was Newark Uh).
Wat of Hunlon canio thither amain
And thither came John of Thirkstano
An.l thither camo WiUiam of DelorainV •

They were throe hundml spears an.l th.-ee.
T M..,uj,.h Douglas-hum, up Yan-ow stream,
' "'"■ '"'••^«« Pi-'^'^e, their lances gleam
I h..y came to Sair.t Mary's lake ere day
.ut the chapel was void and the Baron awav
I hey l,urned the chajH)! for very ra-e
An,l cursed I^,rd Cran.stoun's dohlin Page.

An,l now, in Dranksome's g.Hnl grtvnwo<.l

As un.|,.r the aged «ik ho hUhx],

The Baron's courser pricks liis eirs,

As if a distant noise he hears

The dwarf waves his long loan am on hi-d,

And signs to the lovers to pirt and fly ■

No tnne was then to vow or si-di

Fair Margaret through the luml-grove

Flow hko the startled cushat-<love •

I'AN-rU II.

cAM-m II. TiiK Lav uv tmk I,a>*t Mismtiiki,.

The (IwHif tlio Ntirrup ln'lil and roin ;
YuuIUhI tlio knight on Iih nU-vtl aiimiii,
And, |M»n«U'ilii'( (lifp that iiiuniin;,''s m-vui\
]UmU^ cast ward tlir(Mi<r|i tlin liawtlioniH ^nHMi.

TNTKIlUJhK.

Wiiii.K tliiis lio iNMirnl tlio l(>ii;;llM>ii4'd (alo,

The i>riii.sti*cr.s voico In'jjan to fail.

Full slyly Niiiilcd tlio ol>.s4»rvant paj,"',

And gave the wilhorwl hand of a;,'o

A goblet, crowned with ini^^hty wiiu',

The hlood of Velez' sccirt-hcd vine.

He rai,se<l the silver cui) on hi;,'li,

And, while the l)i<' dinn HMed liin eve.

Prayer! (mm! to hIesH the Duelu'ss long,

And all who cheered a won of song.

The attt^nding maidens smiled to se«'

TIow long, how <|(H'j», how /ealoiisly,

The itiveidus juice the iMiiistrcl (inaffed ;

And he, emlMildencd hy tlu; draught,

l^ioked guily hack to tl»>m and laughed.

The cordial nectar of the Imwl

Swelled his ohl veins and cheen'd his soul ;

A lighter, liv('lier pr(lu<le ran,

Kit! thus his talo again In-gan.

Ill

1.^

The Lay of tub Last Minstrel.

CANTO III.

Until they cjiuie to a woodland brook (51, 11).

CANTO TIL

AvD said F that my limbs were old,
And said I that my blood wjia cold,
And that my kindly fire was fled,
And my poor withered heart was deml,

Antl that T might not sing of love?

How could I to the dearest theme
That over warmed a minstrel's dream.

So foul, so false a recreant prove?
How could I name love's very name,
Nor wake my Ijeart to notes of flame?

Tn imiivv, Love tunes the shepherd's reed ;
In war, he mounts the warrior's steed ;

CANTO III. Tub Lay of the Last Minktkkl.

In halls, in gay attire is seen ;

In liiiinlots, (lances on the green.

Jjove rules tlio court, the camp, the grove,

And men below, and saints al)<)ve ;

For love is heaven, and heaven is love.

So thought Lord Cranstoun, as I ween,
While, {MMidering deep the tender scene.
He rode through liranksome's hawthorn green.
But the page shouted wild and shrill,

And scarce his helmet could he don,
When downward from the shady hill

A stately knight camo pricking on.
That warrior's steed, so dapple-gray,
Was dark with sweat and spliished with clay,

His armor red with many a stain :
He seenied in such a weary plight,
As if he had ridden the livelong night ;

For it w!vs William of Deloraine.

l/i

But no whit weary did ho seem,

When, dancing in the sunny besim, ai)

He marked the crane on the Bartm's crest;

For his ready spear was in his rest.

Few were the words, and stern and high.

That marked the foenien's feudal hate
For question fierce and proud reply ai

Gave signal soon of dire debate.
Their very coursers seemed to know
That each was other's mortal f(R%
And snorted fire when wheeled around
To give each knight his vantage-ground. .tii

In rapid rountl the Baron Ix'nt ;

He sighed a sigh and prayed a prayer;

The Lay of the Last Mixsthel.

CSSTO III.

The prayer was to his patron .saint,
Tlie s,gh was to his laclye fair.

Stout Deloraine nor sighed nor pray,.},

Nor saint nor Jadye called to aid :

But he stooped his hea.1. an<l eouche.1 his snoar

And spurred his steed to full career ^ '

The meeting of these champions proud

Seen,ed hke the bursting thunder^cloud.

Stern wa« the dint the Borderer lent !

The stately Baron backwards bent,

Bent backwards to his horse's tail.

And his plumes weut scattering on the gale ■

The tough ash spear, so stout and true '

into a thousand flinders flew

But Cranstoun's lance, of n.o.e avail,

Pierced through, like silk, the Borde er's n.uil •

Through «,„eld and jack and acton p J."
I^ep m his bosom broke at lust.

Sti I .sate the warrior sadJle-fast,

lill, stumbling in the mortal shock,

Bown went the steed, the girthing b..oke
Hurled on a heap lay man and h^rse. '
Ihe Baron onward passed his course,
Nor knew-.so giddy rolled his brain-
His foe lay stretched upon the plain.

But when he reined his courser round.
And saw his foeman on the ground

J^ie senseless as the bloody clav,

"V'f !u' P^^' '" «^^"^^^ the wound.

And there beside the warrior stay,
And t<.nd um in his doubtful state.
And lead hi„, to Branksome castle-gate-
His noble ,nind wa,s inly n.o^^d '

For the kin.s,„an of the maid he loved

cA^fTo III. Tub Lay op thk Last Minstkkl.

"This shalt thou do without delay:
No longer here myself may stay ;
Unless the swifter I speed away,
Short shrift will be at my dying day."

Away in speed Ix)rd Cranstoun ro<lo;

The Goblin Page behind abode ;

His lord's command he ne'er withstfUKl,

Though small his pleasure to do g<MMl.

As the corselet ofF he took,

The dwarf espied the Mighty Book !

Much he marvelled a knight of pride

Like a book-bosomed priest should ritle :

He thought not to search or stanch the wound

Until the secret he had found.

li)

-4

•a

The iron band, the iron clasp,
Resisted long the elfin grasp;
For when the first he had undone,
It closed as he the next begun.
Those iron clasps, that iron band,
Would not yield to unchristened hand
Till he smeared the cover o'er
With the Borderer's curdled gore;
A moment then the volume spn-ad,
And one short spell therein he rea<l.
It had much of glamour might.
Could make a Imlye seem a knight.
The cobwebs on a dungeon wall
Seem tapestry in lordly hall,
A nutshell seem a gilded barge,
A shelling seem a palace largo,
And youth seem age, and age seem youth-
All was delusion, nought was truth.

2ft

TiiK Lay op the Last Mivsthbl.

CANTO III.

He had not read another spell,

When on his cheek a buffet fell,

So fifice, it stretched him on the plain

Desido the wounded Delomine.

From the ground he rose dismaye<l,

And shook his huge and matted head;

One word he muttered and no more,

"Man of age, thou smitest sore!"

No more the elfin page durst try

Into the wondrous book to pry;

The clasps, though smeared with Christian gore.

Shut faster than they were before.

He hid it underneath his cloak. —

Now, if you ask who gave the stroke,

I cannot tell, so mot I thrive;

It was not given by man alive.

Unwillingly himself he addres.sed

To do his master's high behest:

He lifted up the living corse,

And laid it on the weary horse •

He led him into Branksome Hall

Before the beards of the warders all.

And each did after swear and say

There only passed a wain of hay.

He took him to Lord David's tower.

Even to the Ladye's secret bower;

And, but that stronger spells were spread,

And the door might not be opened,

He had laid hira on her very bed.

Whate'er he did of gramarye

Was always done maliciously ;

He flung the warrior on the ground,

And the blood welled freshly from the wound.

cANTci III. Tub Lay op tiik Last Min«thki,.

As ho rcpasHtHl tlio outer cotjif,

Ho spied tho fair young cliild at sport:

He tliouglit to train him to tiio wood;

For, at a word, Ik? it understornl,

Ho was always for ill, and never f(.r g(Kxl.

Seemed to the Ix.y some comradt? gav

IjlhI him forth to the wckkJs to play;

On the drawbridge the warders stout

Saw a terrier and lurcher passing out.

Ho led tiie Uty o'er hank and fell,

Until they came to a woo<lland hnnik ;
The running stream dissolved the si)ell,

And his own elfish shajK) he took.
Could lie have had his pleasure viKh;,
He had crippled the joints of the noble <hild.
Or, with his fingers long and lejin,
Had strangled him in fiendish spleen:
r.ut his awful mother he had in dread,
And • also his power was limited ;
So he but scowled on the startled child.
And darted through the forest wild;
The wo<Klland br(K)k he lM)unding crossed,
And laughed, and shouted, " Lost ! lost ! lost ! '

Full sore aruazed at the wondrous change,

And frightened, as a child niidit l>e
At the wild yell and visage strange

And the dark Mords of giamarye,
The child, amidst the forest lx)wer,
StfKKl rooted like a lily flower;
And when at length, with trembling i)ace,

He s(»ught to find where nianksom,- laj,
He feared to see that grisly face

Glare from some thicket <in his way.

211

r«

The Lay op thk Last Minstrkl.

CAN'n» in.

HIb tawny muz/le tnioktid the grounrt (»», l(»),

Thus, startinj,' oft, lie journeytnl on,

And deeper in the wowl is gone,

For aye the more he sf)utfht his way,
The farther still he went astray,—
Until he heard the mountains round
Ring to the baying of a hound.

And hark! and liark! the deep-mouthed baik

Comes nigher still and nigher;
Bursts on the path a dark blo^xlhound,
His tawny muzzle tracked the ground,'

And his red eye shot fire.
Soon as the wildered child saw he,
He flew at him right furiouslie.
I ween you w(juld have seen with joy
The bearing of the gallant boy,
When, worthy of his noble sire,
His wet cheek glowed 'twixt fear and ire !
He faced the blo<xlhound manful!}',
And held liis little bat on high ;
So fierce he struck, the dog, afraid,
At cautious distance hoarsely bayed,

But still in act to spring ;
When dashed an arohor through the glade,
And when he saw the hound was stayefl, '
He drew his tough bowstring;

CANTO III. Tub Lay op tub Last Minstrki.

But

a rough voico criwl, " SImkiI not, Itov !

Ho! 8lKH)t not, Edwanl, -'tis a l»oy ! "

Tlie speaker issue*! from the w.mmI,
And checked his fellow's surly ukmxI,

And quelled the ban-<log's ire :
He wiis an English yeoman goo<l

And l)orn in Lancashire.
Well could he hit a fallow-deer

Five hundred feet liim fro;
With hand more true and eye more clear

No archer bended bow.
His coal-black hair, shorn round and close,

Set off his sun-burned face ;
Old England's sign, Saint George's cnws,

His harret-ciip did grace ;
His bui^'j-horn hung by his side.
All in a wolf-skin baldric tied ;
And his short falchion, sharp and clear,
Had pierced the throat of many a doer.

His kirtle, made of forest <:reen

Reached scantly to his knei^ ;
And, at his belt, of arrows keen

A furbished sheaf bore he ;
His buckler scarce in breadth a siwin,

No longer fence had he;
He never counted him a man,

Would strike l)elow the knet! :
His slackened Ikjw was in his hand,
And the leash that was his bloo(Jhound's band.

He would not do tiie fair child harm,
But held him with his powerful arm.
That he might neither fight nor flee ;

I If

Tub Lay or tiik Last MiVfrruEL.

CANTO III.

For wlien the mi cross Hpie,J he
The boy Htrove long and vioIentV
;;Now. by S,i , Oeor,e," the urdu. erics,

Edwanl, n.ethink.s we have a pri/o !
1 UH buy's fair faee and courage free
Show he is come of high degree."

"Yes! I am come of high degree,
For I am the heir of In^ld Uuecleuch :

And, if thou dost not set mo free

False Southron, thou shult dnul'y rue '

And Udham of Deloraine, g...l at n.ed.
And every Scott from Esk to Twee<l;
And, if thou dost not let me go
Despite thy arrows and thy lx>w'
I'll have thee hanged to feed the crow!"

« Graniercy for thy good-will, fair U.y f
My mind was never set so high •
But if thou art chief of such "a clan
And art the son of such a man, '
And ever comest to thy c(.nunand

Our waniens had need to keep go^nl „rder •
My bow of yew to a hazel wand

Thou'lt make them work upon 'the Ruder-
Meantime, be pleased to come with me,
Jorgood Wd Dacre Shalt thou see •
I think our work is well begun
When we have taken thy father's son."

Although the child was led away
In Branksome still he seemed to stay
For so the T>^arf his part did play
And, ,n the shape of that young boy.
He wrought the castle much annoy.

CANTO III. TiiK Lay op tmk Laht Mixmtukl.

fi5

The cninm(l(>s of tlio young Buoclcuch

He pinched ami Ixjat and overthrew;

Nay, 8OII10 of them ho well-nigh Hlew.

He tore Danio Maudlin's silken tiro,

And, OH Sym Hull sto<Kj by the fire, «

Ho lighted the match of his hjindelier.

And wufully scorched the hnckbuteer.

It may Ix) hardly thought or said.

The mischief that the urchin made,

Till many of the castle guessed lo

That the young JJaron wiis jMissi'ssed !

Well I ween the charm ho held
The noble Ijidye had soon dis|K'lled,
IJut she was deeply busied then
To tend the wounded Deloraine.
Much she wondered to find him lio

On the stone threshold stretclie<J along:
She thought some spirit of the sky

Had done the bold moss-tr«»oper wrong,
Because, despite her precept dread.
Perchance he in the Injok had read;
But the broken lance in his lK>som hUhhI,
And it was earthly steel and wood. /

Sho drew the splinter from the wound.

And with a charm she stanched the bl(Mxl. »-,

Sho bade the ga.sh be cleansed and bouml :
No longer by his couch she sto<Ml ;

But she has ta'en the broken lance.
And washed it from the clotted gon^,
And salved the splinter o'er and o'er. an

William of Deloraine, in trance,

\V hene'er she turned it round and louiul,

Twisted as if she galled his wound.
Then to her maidens she did say.

311

Tii« Uy or TiiK Imiit Minhtmkl.

V thm the course of a night «,.,j d
ful lung Hhe toiled, f„r «he di.I rue
MiHhap to friend «« Htout and tru.,.

^ «.. panned the ,Jay-tho evening f,.|l
;TwaH near the tin.o of curfew bell ;
The a.r w.« „,i,.,, the wind w.« cain,
Tl^ Htream wa« «nuK>th, the dew wan Uhn;
*;on the rude watchman on the tower '

^njoyed and blenHed the loxely hour
Far rnore fair Margaret loved an<] hiosHc.i
Tl.e hour of silence and of rest.
On the high turret sitting lone,
She M^ked at tin.es the lute's soft tone.
Touched a wild note, and all between
Thought of the bower of hawthorns green
er g„„ bair strean.ed free fron, Und
Her fair cheek rested on her hand,

Her blue eyes sought the west afar.
X^*r lovers love the western star.

!« yon the star, o'er Penchryst Pen,
Ihat rises slowly to her ken,

And, spreading broad its wavering li-^ht
Shakes its loo.se tresses on the nic^ht?" '
I« yon red glare the western staA-
O, tis the beacon-blaze of war »

1 or well she lew the fire of death !

The warder viewed it blazing strong,
And bW his war-note loud and lon^^,
Till at the high and haughty sound.
Rock, wood, and river rung around.

tWSTU Ut.

CANTO III. The L\y ok tiik Laht Minhtkki*

Th« hliwt ttlarin(>(l tlio fcsliil Imll,
And HtartliHl forth the wurriors all ;
Far fluwiiward in the comIIo yurd
Full many a torch and creHMct glanMl ;
And helms and pluinoH, confuwHlly toM^il,
Were in the bla/o half netMi, half lost;
And Hjiears in wild diMordor shook,
Like rt'fds In-Hide a fro/en l)nK)k.

The Nuneschal, wIiono silver hair
Was rwhli'iiefl by the torches' j^lam,
StiMsl in the midst, with gesture proud,
And isrfued forth his mandates loud :
"On Penchryst glows a bale of firn,
And three are kindling on PricsthaughMwin> ;
Hide out, ride out,
The foe to scout I
Mount, mount for Uranksomo, every man !
Thou, Todrig, warn the Jolinstoiu) elan,

That ever are true and stout.
Yo need not send to Liddesdalc,
For when they see the bla/iiig Iwle

Elliots and Armstrongs never fail.

Ride, Alton, ride, for death ami life.
And warn the warden of the strifi'! —
Y(»ung GillH>rt, let our Ix-acon bla/e,
Our kin and clan and friends to niise ! "

lf»

I.-.

Jii

Fair Marguret from the turret lie;ul
Hearfl far below the coursers' tre.ul,

Wliilo loud the harness ruii<'
As to their seats with clamor dread

The ready liorsemen sprung :
And trampling hoofs, and iron coats.
And leaders' voices, mingled notes.

TlIK I VY or TIIK UhT M|.NHTI(|«U tJ

AWIU III.

>r^k-

A Hhcot or rtiimo from thu l>,rr.t liiyli (.■«, li).

And out! nritl out !
Ill liusty rout,
The horsemen galloiK^d forth ;
J)isperHinj,' to the south to scout,
^^ And east, and west, and north.
To view their coniin^f enemies
And warn their vassals and allies.

The ready paije with hurrit-d hand
Awake<l tlie need fire's slumlK^ring ]>rand,

And ru.ddy hlushtul the heavt-n ;
F«.r a sheet of rtame from the turnt liigh
^^'avt.d h'ko a hhHjilttag on the sky,

All flaring aiui neven.

CANTO in. Thr I*av op tiii: ?^«t Mimhtrrl.

Thuy irlf-aniiMl on miiny a ilisxky U\n\ (8e, 7).

And M«»ou u isi'oro of fircy, I \v«>«'ii

From lu'iglit and hill and clifF wor,. .H4H3n,

Each M-ith wuilike tidings fr!iui,'lit ;

Kiich from each the .signal » t.iujht ;

Each after each they ^danced to Mght,

As stars arise U{H)n the night.

They gh'anii'd on many a dtisky tani,

Haunted hy the 1 .iiely C! . ti ;

On many a cairn's gray {iviumid,

Whete urns of mighty chiefs li liid ;

Till high DuntMlin the hlaz. > « ^w

From Soltra and I)iuiijM'n<lr; Law,

And L«)thian lii-ard tlu ijMgcM- •ndcr

That all should Iniwne th-tii :.»r llic J',<.rd<T,

The livelong night in JJrunk^ me 'ang

The ceaseless sound of .- fHi ;
The castle-beJl with hack ward larig

fcieut fortlj the larum jKial.

1*)

Tub Lay cf tub Last Mixstiiel.

Was fre<|ueiit lieanJ the heavy jar,
Where niasay stone an(J iron Ur
Were piled on echoing keep and t<iwer,
To whehn the foe with deadly shoMcr ;
Was freciuent heard the changing guard,
And watchword from the sleej.less ward';
While, vearied by the endless din,
liloodhound and ban-<Jog yelled within.

The noble dame, amid the broil.
Shared the gray seneschal's high' toil.
And spoke of danger with a smile,
Cheered the young knights, and council sage
Held with the chiefs of riper age.
No tidings of the foe wore brougiit.
Nor Of his numljers knew they augl.t.
Nor what in time of truce lie sought.'

Son.e said that there were thousands ten •

And others weened that it was nought
But I>;ven Cluns or Tynedale men,

Who came to gather in black-mail ;

An<l LiddesdaL, ^vith small avail, '
^ Might drive thon lightly birk agen.

f^o j)as.sed the anxious night away.

And welcome was the peep of day.

CA.VTO III.

INTERLUDE

Ceased the high sound-the listening thron-
Applaud the Master of the Song ; ^

And marvel much, in helpless age,
So hard should be his pilgrimage.
Had he no friend -no daughter flenr,
His wandering toil to share and chetir?

CANTO III. The FiAY op tub Last Minhtrkl.

No son to \ye his father's stay,
And guide him on the rugged way?
" Ay, once he liad— but he was dead ! '
Upon the harp he stooped his head,
And busied himself the strings withal,
To hide the tear that fain would fall.
In solemn measure, soft and slow,
Arose a father's notes <»f \v<m'

Tub I^y op the Last Minstrel.

CANTO n*.

All, all is peaceful, all is still («», 6),

CANTO IV.

SwKioT Teviot ! on thy silver tide

The slarinj? I)ale-fiic8 blaze no more;
No longer steel-clad warriors ride

Along thy wild and willowed shore;
Wiiere'er thou wind'st by dale or hill,
All, all is peaceful, all is still.

As if thy waves, since time was born.
Since first they rolled upon the Tweed,
Had only heard the shepherd's reed,

Nor startled at the bugle-horn.

Unlike the tide of human time,

Wliich, though it change in ceaseless How,
Retains each grief, retains each crime,

Tts earliest course was do.*med to know,
And, darker as it downward bears,
Ts stained with past and present tears.

Tjow as that tide has eblied with mo,

CANTO IV. TiiK Lay ok tilR Last AfiNsruKK.

It still relUvts to memory's rye
The hour my ]»rave, my only Uty

Fell by the side of great DuikUh'.
Why, wIk'm the volleying musket played
Against the blotxly Highland blade,
Why was not I Wside him laid?-
Enough— he died the death of fanie ;
Enough- he died with conquering (Jra-me.

Now over Border dale and fell

Full wide and far was terror spread ;
For pathless marsh and mountain cell

The peasant left his lowly shed.
The frightene<J fl<K'ks and liei-ds were pent
Beneath the peel's rude liattlement ;
Ai»d maids and matnuis dropped the tear,
While remly warriors seized the sptvar.
From P.ranksome's towers the watchman's eye
Dun wreaths of distant smoke can spy.
Which, curling in the rising sun,
►Showed Southern ravage was lM'<'un.

Now loud the heedful gate-ward crit'd :

"Prepare ye all for blows and blood!
Watt Tinlinn, from the Lidilel-side,
Comes wading through the flood.
Full oft the Tynedale snatcheis knock
At his lone gate and piove the lotk ;
It was but last Saint Barnabright
They sieged him a whole summer night.
But fled at mornii.j,-; wM they knew,
In vain he never twange<i the yew.
llight sharp i as l)een the evening shower
That drove him from his Liddel tower;
And, by my faith," the gate-ward said,
"I think 'twill prove u Warden-Haid."

'JO

J.-.

The Lav or t,.e L...r A1,.n«,.«,,l.

f^AWTO IV.

And burnea my little lonely tower («5. 12,

He lee a small and sha^^gy ua^r
That through a Ik^ct f \ ^'
n ij 1 ® ^' ^'■o'n hair to Imrr

Could .«„„„ „k, ,„^ „.„,, = " >.ag,

It b„™ us wife ,„d „,,; P 2.

J-iughed to hor fri,.n,l« , '

He Mas of statnr • "« ^''^ ''''^^^'

^'i ot stature passing tall

A Mttored morion „„ hi, |,ro„-;

<>" I... broad «,,„„,,,,.„ ,,

-^ '-'•■.leraxel„|,i„,)„„, J__„""=.

CANTO IV. The Lay op the Last Minstbkl.

His spear, six Scottish ells in length,

Se«'ni<tl newly dye<I with gore;
His shafts and bow, of wondrous strength,

His hardy partner bore.

Thus to the Ladye did Tinlinn show 5

The tidings of the English foe:

"Belted Will Howard is marching here.

And hot Lord Dacre, with many a sjjear.

And all the German hackbut-men

Who have long lain at Askerten. m

They crossed the Liddel at curfew hour,

And burned my little lonely tower—

The fiend receive their souls therefor!

It had not been burnt this year and more.

Barnyard and dwelling, blazing bright, 15

Served to guide me on my flight.

But I was chased the livelong night.

Black John of Akeshaw and Fergus Gnume

Fast upon my traces came,

Until I turned at Priesthauch Scro""

Oft?

And shot their horses in the bog,
Slew Fergus with ray lance outright—
I had him long at high despite;
He drove my cows last Fastorn's night."

Now weary scouts from Liddesdale, r.

Fast hurrying in, confirmed the tale;
As far as they could judge by kon.

Three hours would bring to Teviot's strand
Three thousand armed Englishmen.

Meanwhile, full many a warlike band, so

From Teviot, Aill, and Ettrick shade,
Came in, their chiefs defence to aid.
There was saddling and mounting in IwisU',

There was pricking o'er mcwr and lea;

t->

21)

6«

TifK Lay of thr Last Mivotrru

CAKTO IV.

From fair tiaint Alaiy's nilvor wave («•, 3).

He that was last at the trysting-place
Was hut hghtly held of his gay ladye.

From fair Saint Mary's silver wavo

From dreary Gamescleuch's dusky' height,
His ready lances Thirlestane hrave
Arrayed l)cneath a banner Lri-ht
p»e tressured fleur-de-luce he claims
To wreathe his shield, since royal Jam..H.
Encamped by Fala's mossy wave,
The proud distinction grateful gave

For faith mid feudal jars ;
Wliat time, save Thirlestane' alone
Of Scotland's stubborn barons nonL
Would march to southern wars •
And hence, in fair remembrance worn
Yon sheaf of spears his crest has bo.ne •
Hence his high motto shines revealed '
"Ready, aye ready," for the field. , '

An aged knight, to danger steeled,
>Vith many a moss-trooper, came on;

CANTO IV. Tub Lay of tiik Last Minstuki*

t)7

And, azure in a golden field,

Tlie stars and crescent graced his shielil,
Without the Ijend of Murdieston.

Wide lay his lands round Oakw.Hxl Tow«'i-,

And wide round haunted Castle-Ower;

High over Borthwick's mountain no<j<l

His w(MMl-embosonied mansion stood ;

Tn the dark glen, so deep below.

The herds of plundered England low,

His Ijold retainers' daily food,

And Imught with danger, blows, and bloo<l.

Marauding chief! his sole delight

The miKmlight raid, the morning fight;

Not even the Flower of Yarrow's charms

In youth might tame his rage for arms;

And still in age he spurned at rest,

And still liis brows the helmet presse<l,

AllK?it the blanched locks Ijelow

Were white as Dinlay's spotless snow.

Five stately warriors drew the sword

iJofore their father's band;
A braver knight than irarden's lord
Ne'er Ixjlted on a brand.

Scotts of Eskdale, a stalwart Ijand,
Came trooping down the T(j<lshawhill ;

J3y the sword they won their land,
And by the sword they hold it still.

Hearken, Ladye, to the tale

How thy sires won fair Eskdale.

Earl Morton was lord of that valley fair.

The Beattisons were his vas.sals there.

The earl was gentle and mild of m«MKl,

The vassals were warlike and fierce and rude;

//.

Tub Lav of tub Imht MmHTKKL.

CAWTO IV.

Hiffh of heart and haughty „f word.
Littio t u.y rocked of a turne liego-lord.
The earl ,„to fair E«kd«Ie came

Of Odlx.rt the Galliun] a heriot J.e Houuht

" lea., rfin BucWct better than Z:-

Word „n w,.,d gave fuel to Are,

T.l »o I,.gh hhml the Beatu™-, i,^

The va»« , there their lor<l ha,l »W„
*'"!'"P''«ib.'tl. whip and «p„r,

And It fell down a weary weight

JuHt on the tl„«,h„,a „, BranL;» gate.

The earl wa, a wrathfnl „,a„ .„ ^,
;"" '•'» avenged would he be
In haste to Branksome's lord lie ,p„i,e
«ay.ng "Take tl,e«, t™to. to tiryl-
For a cast of hawks n^nA . ^ }«"«,

All Eskdale IllTnZ r T"" "' «"'•"•
Besbrew thy h art of « ' ."■ ™ "'"' ''"''' =

» thou leaves on Eske ''7"^' "'»"

cavt,sc on ii,ske a landed man I

But j,pare W„Klkerrick's lands alonT
For he lent me his horse to escape ;po„ »
A gl,ul „,„„ u.en was Branks„„a bol^

ToEu;,"""'""' "'«?"-<-' soldi'
To iskdale soon be spurred an,ai,t

A..lw.thh,n, five bundrcKl riders l«ta>e„.

CANTO ,v. TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minhtkkl.

Ami alono lie won«I<«<l to tho pluin,

To raeot with tho Galliunl and all liis tniin.

To GillK-Tt the GalUard thus ho Haiil :

" Know thou me for thy lioge-lor.! and liemi ;

Deal not with me as with Morton tamo,

For Scotts play Ijest at tho roughest game.

Give me in iKjaeo my heriot due,

Thy honny white hUhhI, or thou shalt rue.

If my horn I three times wind,

Esk(Jale .shall long have tho Hound in mind."

III

Ijoudly the Deattison laughed in scorn ;

" Little care we for thy winded horn.

Ne'er shall it l)e tho Galliard's lot

To yield his sttH?d to a haughty Scott.

Wend thou to Branksome back on foot,

With rusty spur and miry IxK^t."

lie blew his bugle so loud and hojuse

That the dun deer started at fair Craikcross;

He blew again so loud and clear,

Through the gray mountain-mist there did lanc..sapp«.ar;3f)

And the third blast rang with such a din

That the echoes answered from tho Pentoun-linrj,

And all his riders came lightly in.

Then had you seen a gallant shock,

When saddles were emptied and lances broke!

For each scornful woid the Galliaid had said

A Beattison on the field was laid.

His own good sword tho chieftain drew.

And he bore the Oalliard through and through ;

Where the Beattisons' blow! mixed with tho rill|

The Galliard s Haugh men call it still.

The Scotts have scattered the Boattis(»n clan,

In Eskdale they left but one landed man.

i:i

TiiK Tav or tiik Lamt Mivhtkkl.

CANTO IV.

The valley of Enkc, fron. the mouth t,> tl.o aourcc.
>N«iM IciHt and won for that bouny white ho,^e.

WhitHludo the H«wk, a,ul Headnhaw ..«,ne
And wuniors „u„.„ than I may „a,ne;
*'■;'" Yum.w-ch.UKh to Hin.lhaugh-Mwair,

J* mm WtKxJhouHelio to Che^tiT-glen
lnK.iKHl «,an and horse, and bow and «pc,ar •

lu-ir gathering word was Bollonden.
And iHitter hearts o'er Bor.ler sod
To siege or i-escue never rode.
The L.ulyo markwl the aids come in

Ami high her heart of pri.le arose':
|j.he bade her youthful s„n attend,
Ihat he might km.w his father's friend,

An«l h'arn to face his foes.
" '^'•® •'^'y '« ripe to look on war ;

I saw him draw a cros.s-lx.w stiff,
And iiis true arrow stiuck afar

The raven's nest upon tlie cliff;
The red cross on a Southein brealt
Is broader than the ra\en's nost •
Thou. Whitshuh, shall teach bin. bis wea,K,« (o widd
And o'er him hold his father's shield."

Well may you think the wily page
Cared not to face the I^ye sage.
He counterfeited childish fear,
And shrieked, and shed full many a tear
Am n,oaned, nr.d plained in manner wild
The attendants to the Ladye told

Some faJry, sure, had changetl the Jhil.l,
Ibat wont t«, 1x3 so free and bold.

Then wrathful xvas the noble dame;

Mie blushed blood-red for very shame •

cANTt IV. Tub I^y or tiib I^ht Minhtkrl.

••Ilfncc! oro tlio clan hin fttintiiCHH view;
lleiico with tlie weakling to nuecUnich !—
Watt Tinlinn, thou shall bo Iuh guitio
To llangU'hufn'a lonnly side. -
8u'*o, Honio fell fiend has curNnl our line,
That cowattj should e'er bo son of mine ! "

A heavy tank Watt Tinlinn lia«l, , -

To guide the counterfeited lad.

►Soon as tho palfrey felt the weight

Of that ill-omened elfish firight, m

He bulutl, sprung, and i-earod amain,

Nor hoetled bib nor cuH) nor rein.

It cost Watt Tinlinn mieklo toil

To drive him but a Scottish mile;

But as a shallc^w brook they crossed, u

The elf, aniid the running stream,

His figure changwl, like form in dream.
And fled, and shouted, •' b)st ! lost ! hwt ! "

Full fast the urchin ran and lau<'he<l.

Hut faster still a cloth-yard shaft 20

Whistled from startled Tinlinn's yew.

And pierced his shoulder through and through.

Although tho imp might not be slain.

And though tho wound soon healed again,

Yet, as he ran, ho yelled for pain; 05

And Watt of Tinlinn, much agjjast,

Rode l)ack to Ihanksome fiery fast.

Soon on the hill's steep verge he stoiKl,

That liNiks o'er IJranksome's towers and wood ;

And martial nmrmurs from IkjIow 30

Proclainied the approaching Southern foe.

Through the dark wo«»d, in mingled tone,

Were Border pipes and bugles blown ;

a»

The Lav or tiik Law Minotbku

CANTO IV.

The counww' iieighin« he could ken,
A meiwured tread of nuirching men ;
While broke at tin,eH the Holeinn hum,
The Almayn's sullen kettlenirum ;
And banners tall, of crimson shwn,

AiMJve the cojiHe appoar •
And. gliHtening through the hawthorns green.

Shnie helm and shield and speiir.

Light forayers firnt, to view the ground
Npurrod their fleet coursers loosely round •
JJehind, in close array, and fast, '

The Kendal archers, all in green
Obedient to the bugle blast.

Advancing from the wood were seen.
To Wk and guard the archer bund,
r^>rd Dacro's biUmen were'at hand :
A hardy race, on Irthing bre<i,
With kirtles white and crosses red.
Arrayed beneath the Unner tall
That streamed o'er Acre's conc,uere<J wall •
And minstrels, as they marched in order.
Played " Noble Ix,rd Dacre. he dwells on the Border."
iSeliind the English bill and Iww
The mercenaries, firm and slow,

Moved on to fight in dark array,
Ily Conrad led of Wolfenstein,
Who brought the band from distant Rhine
^ And sold their blood for foreign pay
The camp their home, their law the swo.xl.
They knew no country, owned no lord :
T.ey were not armed like England's sons,
iiut bore the levin-darting guns •
Buff-coats, all frounced and broidered o'er
And morsing-liorns and scarfs they wore-'

cAtmt IV. Tub Lav or nil La«t Mi:imthix.

Tho Hlniiiiintr haixh of vtivU t-ruMH-buw (J4, H).

Ettch better kne« was bared, to uid
The warriors in the escuhule j
All OH they marched, in rugge<l tongue
Songs of Teutonic feud they sung.

But louder still the clamor grew,
And loucler still tho minstrels blew,
When, from beneath the groenw(K»rl tree,
Rode forth Lord Howanl's chivalry :
His men-at-arms, with giaivo and Kj)ear,
Brought up the battle's glittering rear.
There many a youthful knight, full keen
To gain his spurs, in arms w»w seen,
With favor in his crest or glove,
Memorial of his ladye-lovo.

:iA;

The Lav of tub Last Minstkel.

CANTO IV.

«o rode they forth in fair array,

Till full their lengthened lines display;

Then called a halt, and made a stand '

And cried, "Saint George for merry England I"

Now every English eye intent

On Branksome's armed towers was bent •

So near they were that they might know

Ihe straining harsh of each cross-bow;

On battlement and bartizan

Gleamed axe and spear and partisan ;

Falcon and culver on each tower

Stood prompt their deadly hail to shower •

And flashing armor frequent broke

From eddying whirls of sable smoke.

Where upon tower and turret head

The seething pitch and molten lead

Ileeked like a witch's caldron red.

While yet they gaxe, the bridges fall,

The wiuket opes, and from the wall
Hides forth the hoary seneschal.

Armed lie rode, all save the head

His white beard o'er his breastplate spread :

L/nbtoke by age, erect his seat.

He ruled his eager courser's gait

Forced him with chastened fire to prance

And, high curvetting, slow advance :

In sign of truce, his better hand

Displayed a peeled willow wand;

His squire, attending in the rear,

Bore high a gauntlet on a spear.

When they espied him riding out,

rx>rd Howard and Lord Dacre sttiut

Sped to the front of their array

To hear what this old knight should say

cA^r^o iv. TiiB Lay of tub Last Minsthel.

" Yo English warden lonls, of you
Demands the I^udye of Buccleucli,
Why, 'gainst the tiuco of Border tiu
In hostile guise ye dare to ride,
With Kendal bow and Gilsland brand,
And all yon mercenary band,
UlKHi the bounds of fair Scotland ?
JMy I^idye reads you swith return ;
And, if but one poor straw you burn,
Or do our towers so much molest
As scare one swallow from her nest
Saint Mary! but we'll light a brand
Shall warm your hearths in Cumberland."

A wrathful man was Dacre's lord,
But calmer Howard took the word :
" May't please thy dame. Sir Seneschal,
To seek the cjustlo's outward wall,
Our pursuivant-at-arms shall show
Both why we came and when we go."
The message sped, the noble dame
To the wall's outward circle came;
Each chief around leaned on his siniar.
To see the pursuivant apjHjar.
All in Tjord Howard's livery dressed.
The lion argent decked his breast;
He led a lx)y of blooming hue —
O sight to meet a mother's view!
Tt was the heir of great Buccleucli.
Oljcisance meet the herahl made,
And thus his master's will he said :

"It irks, high dame, my noble lords,
'Gainst ladye fair to draw their swords ;
But yet they may nut tanuily see,
All through the Western Wardeury,

I !U

'ia

The Lay of the Last Minstuel.

Your law-contemning kinsmen ride,
And burn and spoil the Border-«ide;
And ill beseems your rank and birth
To make your towers a flemens-firth.
\Ve cUim from thee William of Deloraine,
Ihat he may suffer march-treason piia
It was but last Saint Cuthbert's even
He pricked to Stapleton on Leven,
Harried the lands of Richard Mu^rav.
And slew his bi-other by dint of glaive'
Then, since a lone and widowed dame
The.se restless riders may not tame,
Either receive within thy towers
Two hundred of my master's powers
Or straight they sound their warriscin
And storm and spoil thy garrison ;
And this fair boy, to London led,
Shall good King Edwai-d's page he bred."

He ceased-and loud the Itoy did cry
And stretched his little arms on hicrh
Implored for aid each well-known f^e.
And strove to seek the dame's embracL
A moment changed that I^lye's cheer.
Gushed to her eye the unbidden tear;
She gazed upon the leaders round,
And dark and sad each warrior frowned •
Then deep within her sobbing breast '
She locked the struggling sigh to rest,
Unaltered and collected sUtod,
And thus replied in dauntless nuKnl :

"Say to your lords of high emprise

Who war on women and on Ixjys,

That either William of Deloraine '

Will clean.se him by oath of march-treason stain,

CANTO IV.

CANTO IV. TiiK Lay op tiik Last Minstrkl.

Or else ho will the coinUt take
'Gainst Musgrave for his honor's sako.
No knight in Cumljerland so good
But William may count with him kin and l)l»xxl.
Knighthood ho took of Douglas' sword,
When English blood swelled Ancram ford;
And but Lord Dacre's steed was wight,
And bare him ably in the flight,
Himself had seen him dubbed a knight.
For the young heir of Branksome's line,
God be his aid, and God be mine !
Through mo no friend shall meet his doom;
Here, while I live, no foe finds room.
Then, if thy lords their purpose urge,

Take our defiance loud and hiffh :
Our slogan is their lyke-wake dirge,

Our moat the grave where they shall lie.

Proud she looked round, applause to claim —
Then lightened Thirlestane's eye of flame;

His bugle Wat of Harden blew;
Pensils and pennons wide were flung,
To heaven the Border slogan rung.

" Saint Mary for the young Buccleuclt ! "
The English war-cry answered wide.

And forward bent each Southern sj)ear ;
Each Kendal archer made a strirlo,

And drew the l)Owstring to his oar ;
Each minstrel's war-not« loud was IjIowm :
But, ere a giitv-goose shaft had flown,

A horseman galloped from tlic roar. •

*' Ah ! noble lords ! " he breathlos.s said,
" What treason has your maicli Ix^trayed ?
What mr.ke you hcio from aid so far,
Before you walls, around you war ?

|- i

7«

The Lay op tub Last Minstrel.

CANTO IV.

Your f.K^mon triumph in tho thought

That in the toils the lion's caught.

Already on dark Ruberslaw

The Douglas holds l,is weai)on-schaMr ;

The lances, waving in his train,

Clothe the dun heath like autumn grain •

And on the Liddel's northern stranrl,

To Ur retreat to Cumljerland,

Ix>rd Maxwell ranks his merrymen goorl

Beneath the eagle and the rood ;

And Jedwood, Eske, and Teviotdale,

Have to proud Angus come ;
And all the Merse and Uuderdale
Have risen with haughty Home.
An exile from Northuml)erland,

In Liddesdale I've wandered ' long,
But still my heart was with merry**England

And cannot br(K>k my country's wron.r •
And hard I've spurred all night, to show
The mustering of tho coming foe."

" And let them come ! " fierce Daero crie.I ;

" For soon yon crest, my father's pride,
That swept the shores of Judah's sea, '
And waved in gales of Galilee,
From Branksome's highest towers displayed,
Slmll mock the rescue's lingering aid '—
Level each harquebuss on row;
Draw, merry archers, draw the' Iww;
Up, billmen, to the walls, and cry,
Dacre for England, win or die ! "—

"Yet hear," quoth Howard, "calmly hear,
Nor deem n.y words tho words of fear •
For who, in field or foray slack,
Saw the Blanche Licm e'er fall i,ack ?

f-ANTo IV. TiiR Lav op tiik Last Minhtrrf.. 79

But thus to risk our IJonlor flower

In strife against a kingdom's power,

Ten thousand Scots 'gainst thousands three,

Certes, were desperate policy.

Nay, take the terms the Latlye nwwle

Ere conscious of the a<lvancing aid :

rx5t IVIusgrave meet fierce Delorainc

In single fight, and if he gain,

He gains for us ; hut if he's crossed,

'Tis hut a single warrior lost :

The rest, retreating as they came.

Avoid defeat and death and shame."

Ill could the haughty Dacre brook
His brother warden's sago rebuke;
And yet his forward step he staytnl,
And slow and sullenly ol)eyed.
But ne'er again the Border side
Did these two lords in friendship ride;
' But this slight discontent, men say,
Cost bliHxl upon another day.

The pursuivant-at-arms again

liefore the castle took his stand ;
His trumpet called with parleying strain

The leaders of the Scottish band ;
And he defied, in Musgrave's riglit, 25

Stout Deloraino to single fight.
A gauntlet at their feet ho laid.
And thus the terms of fight he said :
" If in the lists good Musgrave's sw(ii<l

Vanquish the Knight of Deloraine, an

Your youthful chieftain, Branksonu^'s lord.

Shall hostage for his clan remain ;
If Deloraine foil gmxl Musgrave,
The Iwy his liberty shall have.

fp'-i"

TiiK Lay of tiik Last Minstubl.

CANTO IV.

Scottish battlc-axeo.

Ilowe'er it falls, the English band,
Unharming Scots, hy Scots unharine<l,
In peaceful inarch, like men unarnuHl,

Shall straight retreat to Cumberland."

Unconscious of the near relief.

The proffer pleased each Scottish chief,

Though much the I^ye sago gainsaid ;
For though their hearts were brave and true
From Jodwood's recent sack they knew

How tardy was the Regent's aid :
And you may guess the noble dame

Durst not the secret prescience own
Sprung from the art she might not name,
By which the coming help was known. '
Closed was the compact, and agreed
That lists should be enclosed with spee<l

Beneath the castle on a lawn:
They fixed the morrow for the strife.
On foot, with Scottish axe and knife.

At the fourth hour from peep of dawn ;
When Deloraine, from sickness freed,
Or else a champion in his stead,
Should for himself and chieftain' stand
Against stout Musgrave, hand to hand.

I know right well that in their lay
Full many minstrels sing and say

CANTO IV. The Lav op thk ],\ht Minhtkkl

Such comlmt hlioiild |)o nuide on Ihusp, '

On foaming stotnl, in full cjiroor,
With hrund to ui«l, whtMuis the sj»t»ar

8ht»uld shiver in tlie course :
But he, the jovial har|)er, tauglit 5

Me, yet a youth, liow it was f()ught,

In guise which now I say ;
He knew each onlinanco and clause
Of r.lack I^rd Archil>ald\s hatth'-laws,

In the old Doughus' day, |„

lie brooked not, he, that scoffing tongue
Should tax his niinstrclsy with wrou".

Or call his song untrue:
For this, wlien they the goblet j>lie«l,
And such ru<le taunt had chafed his pride, i.-,

The Bard of Reull he slew.
On Teviot's side in fight they stfKxl,
And tuneful hands were stained with bloinl,
Where still the thorn's white l)ranohes wave,
Memorial o'er his rival's grave. .jn

Why should I tell the rigid doom
That dragged my master to his torn!) ;

How Ousenam's maidens tore their hair,
Wept till their eyes were dead and dim.
And wrung their hands for love of him

Who died at Jedwood Air?
He died!— his scholars, one by one,
To the cold silent grave are gone ;
And 1, alas! survive alone.
To muse o'er rivalries of yore.
And grieve that T shall hear no more
The strains, with envy hoard before ;
For, with my minstrel brethren fled,
My jealousy of song is dead.

a".

Tub Lay of tub Last Minhtkkl.

CANTO IV.

•M

INTKKLl I)E.

Hb pau8e<J : the listening danieR again
Ai)plaud the hoary Minstrel'H strain.
With many a word of kindly clieor,—
In pity half, and half sincere,—
Marvelled the Duchess how so well
His legendary song could tell
Of ancient decfls, so long forgot ;
Of fouil.s, whose memory was not;
Of forests, now laid waste and bare;
Of towers, which harbor now the hare;
Of manners, long since changed and gone;
Of chiefs, who under their gray stone
So long had slept that fickle Fame
Had blotted from her rolls tht^ir name.
And twined round some new minion's head
The fading wreath for which they bled :
In sooth, 'twjis strange this old man's verse
Could call them from their nmrble hearse.

The harper smiled, well pleased ; for ne'er
Was flattery lost on poet's ear.
A simple race! they waste their toil
For the vain tribute of a smile;
E'en when in age their flame expires,
Her dulcet breath can fan its fires:
Their drooping fancy wakes at praise.
And strives to trim the short-lived blaze.

Smiled then, well pleased, the
And thus his tale continued ran.

aged man.

oAxro V. Tub Lay op tiik Last Min«trkl.

Mute Nature nioiirnH her wowhlppor (83, 3).

CANTO v.

Caul it nut vain :— thoy d.) n„t err,
Wh.) say that when the poet dies

Mute Nature mcmrns her worshipiw
And celebrates his ohse«|uies;

Who say tall cliff and cavern lone
F<.r the departed hard make n)()an ;
That mountains weep in crystal rill ;
That flowers in tears of l)ahn disti! ;'
Through his loved jfroves that hr.nv.es si-h,
And oaks in deep(>r groan reply,
And rivers teach their rushing wave
To murmur dirges round his grave.

Not that, in .sooth, o'er mortal urn
Those things inanimaK; cm nu.urn,
But that the stream, the u«,<,(|, M,o gaje.
Is vocal with the plaintive wail
Of those who, else forgotten long,
Lived in tl>e p<H3t's faithful s«mg7
.tnd, with the poets parting l.reath,
^lH>se memory f<^.ls a se<-<md death.

Mte

TiiR Lay op tub Last Minmthkl. CAvro

i(t

i«

Now. f„„u the. iii.).int4ilnV ,„isfy ,hr„„o (Hi, U),

TIio maid's pule sliaiK', who wails lior lot,
That luve, tiuo lovp, should bo for^rot,
From r(»se and hawthoi-,i slmkes the Lnv
I'poii the gentle minstrel's bier :
The phantom knij,'ht, his glory fled,
Mourns o'er the field he heaped with dead,
Mounts the wild blast that sweeps amain
And shrieks along the bittle-plain ;
The chief, whose anticjue crownlet long
•Still sparkled in the feudal song,
Now, from the mountain's misty throne,
'Sees, in the thaiiedom once liis own,
His ashes undistinguished lie.
His j.lace, his power, his memory di. .
J lis groans the lonely caverns fill,
mpol the rill;

His tears of rag(; i

CAirr.,v. TlIK Lat OP TIIK Laht Mivstukl.

All mourn tlio minstrerH iuirp .instrunj,',
TlH-ir niwiM. unkm>wn, thfir pmise ui.sun^r.

.Scarwly the hot nnmuU was .stuynj,

The teriiw of truco were scancly imul,.,

When they eoul.I Mpy, fro,,, l;,a„kso,„e's foweis.

The advaneiny manh of ii.a.tial |k,xv. ,s.

Thick vUmtU of ,lust afar a|.|K'a,'ei|,

And t,-an,pling Ht^nls wen, faintly hear.1 ;

Hii^'lit Ni)ear8 uIhjvb the eohiinns ilun

Glaneed nionientary to the sun ;

And feudal Iwinnei-s fair disj.javed

The hands that moved to li,ankHonu. s aid.

Vails not to tell each liar.ly elan,
From the fair Middle Marehes laiiie ;

The IMixnly Heart hla/ed in the van.
Announcing Douglas, dreaded ,1,1,1 le !

Vails not to tell what steeds did Npurn,

Whei-o the Seven SiM-a.s of \\edde,l,uri,e
Their men in batthM)i<ler set,

And Swinton laid the lance in ,t.st
' That tamed of yoie the sparkling crest

)

Of Clarence's Plantagenet.
Xor list I Hjiy what hu,i(l,eds iiioie,
From the rich lAreiso and Ui„.iieniio,v.
And Tweed's fair l)o,'(]ers, to tin* war,
Beneath the c-est of old l)uid)ar

And Hephuin's mingled hjuineis, com..
Down the steep mountain glitterim; fm-,

And shouting still, '-A Home! ,1 llom,'.' "

Now scjuire and knight, fiom lJ,iinksume sent,

On many a couiteous message went :

To every chief and lord they paid

Meet thanks for prompt aiui poweiful aid,

1.-.

Ill

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ir;

86 TiiK Lay of tiik TiAsx Minstrel.

And told them luiw a triu-e was made,
And how a day of fi<,'ht was ta'en
'Twixt Musgravo and stout Deloraine ;

And how tlie I^idye prayed them dear
That all would stay the fight to see,
And deign, in love and courtesy.

To taste of Branksome cheer.
Nor, while they bade to feast each Scot,
Were England's noble lords forgot.
Himself, the hoary senesclial.
Rode forth, in seemly tern)s to call
Those gallant foes to Branksome Hall.
Accepted Howard, than whom knight
W{uj never dubbed, more bold in fiyht.
Nor, when from war and armor free.
More famed for stately courtesy ;
But angry Dacro rather chose
In his pavilion to repose.

Now, noble dame, perchance you ask
How these two liostile armies m(;t.
Deeming it were no easy task

To keep the truce which here was set;
Where martial spirits, all on fire,
i5reathed only blood and mortal ire.
By mutual inroads, mutual blows,
By habit, and by nation, foes.

They met on Teviot's strand;
They met and sate them mingled down,
Without a threat, without a frown,
30 As brothers meet in foreign land :

The hands, the spear that lately giasped,
Still in the mailed gauntlet clasped.
Were interchanged in greeting dear;

CANTO V.

CANTO V. TiiK Lay ov tiik Last Minstkkl.

Visors wore Kviscd and faces shown («7, \).

^^iso^s were raised uiul faces sliowii,

And many a friend, to friend made known,

Partook of social cheer.
Some drove the jolly Ixjwl alxiut ;

With dice and draughts some chase' the «lav ;
And some, with luany a merry shout,
In riot, revelry, and rout.

Pursued the football play.

Yet, be it known, had bugles blown

Or sign of war been seen,
Those bands, so fair together ranged,
Those hands, so fr-ankly interrhaf ^-ed,

Had dyed with gore the green :
The merry shout by Teviot-side
Had sunk in war-cries wild and wide,

And in the groan of death ;

1.1

The La\ of the Last Minstkel.

CANTO V.

And wliingers, now in friendship Iwirc,
Tlio social moul to part and sliare,

Had found a l)lo<xly slicath.
Twixt truce and war, such sudden cliangt?
Was not infretiuent, nor held strange,

Tn tlie old Uorder-ilay ;
J5ut yet on Branksonie's towers and town,
In peaceful merriment, sunk down

The sun's declining ray.

The blithesome signs of wassail gay
Decayed not with the dying day;
Soon through the latticed windows tall
Of lofty Branksonie's lordly hall,
Divided scjuare by shafts of stone,
Huge flakes of ruddy lustre shone;
Nor less the gilded rafters ran"
With merry harp and beakers' clang;
And frecpient, on the darkening plain,

Loud hollo, whoop, or whistle ran,
As bands, their stiagglers to regain.

Give the shrill watchword of their clan ;
And revellers, o'er their bowls, proclaim
Douglas' or Dacre's concjuering name.

Jjess frequent heard, and fainter still.
At length the various clamors died,
And you might hear from Branksome hill

No sound but Teviot's rushing tide ;
Save when the changing sentinel
The challenge of his watch could tell ;
And save where, through the dark profound,
The clanging axe and hammer's sound

Hung from the nether lawn ;
For many a busy hand toiled there,
Strong pales to fhape and beams to scjuare.

cANTOv. TiiK Lay ok tiik Last MtwsTKKi..

Till! lists' (Irojul harriers to prepare
Against the iiiDrrows dawn.

Margaret from hall did soon retreat,

])espite the dame's re])roving eve;
Nor marked she, as sho left her seat,

Full many a stitied si«i;h :
For many a nohle warrior strove
To win the Flower of Teviot's love,

And many a hold ally.
With throhhing head and anxious heart,
All in her lonely hower a[>art,

In hroken sleep she lay.
Ily times, from silken couch she rose;
While yet the bannered hosts rejM>se,

She viewed the dawning day :
O^' ail the hundreds sunk to rest,
First woke the loveliest and the In^st.

Mie gazed upon the inner court,

Which in the tower's tall shadow lav.
Where coursers' clang and stamp and snort

Had rung the livelong yesterday :
Now still as death; till stalking slow,

The jingling spurs announced his tread,
A stately warrior passed Ijtlow ;

jut when he raised his plumed head-
Blessed ]\rary ! can it be ? -
Secure, as if in Ousenara bowers.
He walks through Branksome's hostile towers.

With fearless step and iiov.
She dared not sign, she dared not speak —
O, if one page's shunher.s break.
His bUnxl the price nmst pay '

2f)

ST)

90 The Lay op tub Last Minhtuel.

Not ttll the pearls Queen Mui-y wears,
Nor Margaret's yet more precious tears,
Shall buy his life a day.

Yet was his hazard small ; for wt-ll
You may l)etliink you of the spell

Of that sly urchin page :
This to his lord he did impart,
And made him seem, by glanujr art,

A knight from Hermitage.
Unchallenged, thus, the warder's pist,
The court, unchallenged, thus he cr»)ssed,
'■'- For all the vassalage;
But O, what magic's quaint disguise
Could blind fair Margaret's azure eyes !

She started from her seatj
While with surprise and fear ^he stro\e,

And l)oth could scarcely master love

Lord Henry's at her feet.

Oft have I mused what purj)oso bad
That foul malicious urchin liad
To bring this meeting round,
For happy love's i. heavenly sight,
And by a vile malignant .sprite

In such no joy is found ;
And oft I've deemed, perchance hi; thought
Their erring passion might have wrought

Sorrow and sin and shame,
And death to Cranstoun's gallant Kniirht
And to the gentle Ladye bright
30 Disgrace and loss of fame.

But earthly spirit could not tell
The heart of them that loved so well.
True love's the gift which G(mJ has given
To man alone beneath the heaven :

CANTO v.

:25

cANT.» V. 'J'liE Lay ok tiik Last Minmikki,.

Thick roiitul llio Iwts their luiiues riUxMl (»l, 1..).

It is not fantasy's hot fire,

Whose wishes, soon as grantftl, fly;
It liveth not in fierce desiie,

With dead desire it doth not die ;
It is the secret sympathy,
The silver link, tlie silken tie.
Which heart to heart, and mind it* mind,
In body and in soul can bind. —
Now leave we iVIarg/iret and her knight,
To tell you of tlie approaching figlit.

Tlieir warning blasts the bu<des blew.

The pipe's shrill port aroused each clan ;
In haste the deadly strife to view,

The trooping warriors eager ran :
Thick round the lists their lances stood.
Like blasted pines in Ettrick wood ;

:«

93 TiiK Lay ok tiik Last Minwiui;

To Uianksonie many a I.w.k tlicy tliivu,
Tho coiiilMitants' a]»i»i<)afli to view,
And Iwndk'd many a word of Ixwist
Aljuut the kui-,dit each favoml most.

Mcantluio full anxious was tlio damoj
Vov now arose disputed claim
Of who should fi;,'ht for Deloraine,
'Twixt Harden and 'twixt Thirlestane.
• They gan to reckc.n kin and rent,
And frowning brow on brow was Ix-nt ;

liut yet not long the strife— for, lu!
Himself, the Knight of Delorainc,
Strong, as it seemed, and free irom piiii,

In arnu>r sheathed from top to toe,
Api)eared and craved the comWt duo.
The dame her charm successful knew,
And the fierce chiefs their claims withdrew.

When for the lists they sought the plain,
Tlie stately Ladye's silken rein

Did noble Howard hold ;
Unarmed by her side he walked,
And much in courteous phrase they talke<l

Of feats of arnis of old.
Costly his garb- his Flemish ruif
Fell o'er his doublet, shaped of bulF,

AV^ith satin slashed and lined ;
Tawny his boot, and gold his spur,
His cloak was all of Poland fur,

His hose with silver twined;
His Bilboa blade, by JNIarchmen felt,
Hung in a broad and studded Mt;
Hence, in rude phrase, the Lonkrurs still
Called noble Howard Belted Will.

• ANTO V.

CANTO V. TiiK li.w <»K TiiK Last Minstukl.

1k>liiri«l Jjm\ Ilowiin] and tlu^ 'I'miu;
Fuir Margiii-et on her palfn-y cuiiu',

Wlioso fuotrlotli s\v»'|)t tlir •{rouiiil ;
Wliito was her wiiiiplo and licr veil,
And luT lo<».so locks a cliaplet j)alo

Of whitest roses IhiuikI ;
Tho lordly Angus, hy her side,
Tn courtesy to cheer her tritvl ;
Without his aid, her liand in vain
IIa<l strove to fjuido her liroidered rein.
IIo deemed she slnulder( 1 at tho si^^ht
Of warriors met for niotal fight;
J!ut cause of terror, all unguessed,
Wjvs tluttering in her gentle breast,
When, in thciir chairs of crimson |>la«'«Hl,
The tiamo and she the harriers graced.

It*

Pri/o of the field, the young r>uc(!leuch
An English knight led forth to view ;
Scarce rued tho Iwjy his present plight,
^*" o.ieh ho longed to see the fight.

he lists in knightly pride
! i: »mo and haughty Dacre ride;

A leading staffs of steel they wield.

As mai-shals of the mortal field,
While to each knight their care assigned
Like vantage of the sun and wind.
Then heralds hoarse did loud proclaim,
In King and Queen and Warden's name,

That none, while lasts the stiif(>,
Should dare, by look or sign oi- wctrd,
Aid to a champion to afford.

On peril of his life ;
And not a breath the silence broke
Till thus the alternate heralds sp(»k(?: —

'ii*

.iri

TiiK Imv ok tiik Lamt Minhtkkl.

V.\STO V.

KNiil.lMII ilKHAI.lt.

" Hero Ht4iniloth Hichnnl <>f .Miisjrrav...

<i<KMl kiiijjlit himI tr.io, and fiwly iH.rii,
AinciuiH fmm IVI(»raiim to crav«,

For foul (kwj.itioiH mwitlm and s*'..rn.
Ho s.iycth that William of Ulorain.-

Is traitor falxe \>y Border laws ;
This with his Hword ho will maintain,

Ho iitlp him «hmI and his (tinnI caiiso!"

H4<»TTISI| IIKKAI.I).

"Hero standeth William of IMontine.
<J(kmI kni«,'ht and true, of nol.lo mtrain'.
Who myelh that foul treason's sf„in,
SiiK'o ho lioro urins, ne't-r miU-i\ his eoat ;

And thut, so help him ({inI aUn-t

Ho will on Mus^rnivc's Unly |,i„vo
Ho lies most foully in his throat."

I.OKI) I»ArUK.

"FnrwanI, hravo ehami.ions, to tho fijrhM
S<iund truni|iels !"

liOKIt lliiMK.
"({(mI deffiiid the liyhl !"—

Then, Toviot, liow thinn oelux's riiu<f,
VVIion l>u.^'le-sound and tninijx^t-clanj,'

Ia'.I looso the martial f<K's,
And iti niid-list, with shi.'ld poised Iiij,di,
And measured step and w.uy eye,

Tlio eoml)atants did close !

Til would it suit your gentle ear,

Yo lovely listeners, to hear

How to the axe the lielms did sound,

And I,Io,k1 p(»ured down from many a wound;

For desjwrate was tho strife and long,

And either warrior fierce and stron^!

In liiiste tho lM)ly friar sued (Att, 2(i>.

TiiK L.w OK TiiK Laht Minhtijku

r.i.VTO V.

|{ii», \vi.|i» fmih (lame u liMU'iiin^ ku'inUt,
r wi'll foiilil tt'll how wnrriorM fijjht ;
Vnv I liiivo wH-ii wiu'h lightning flnMhin^r,
S<N'n the cluviiioru with ImuiM.t chiMhiii«,
Km.ii thr.nigh ml hl.KMl tho wur-hcrs, ila'shinj;,
Ami hcoiikhI, amid tho m-Iing strifp,
T«> yivhl ft Nti'j) fur ,l,.uth ov lif,..

*i3

:«)

TiH (h.np, 'tin dono! that fiital hlow

Has Mtrotthwl liiiii on th(« hl.KKly |.hiin ;

Ho Htrives to rise- hmvo Mus;,'mvo, „.•!
Tlioiico ne\or shult them riw a^'iiin !

He chokes in bloml -sonio friendly han«l

Undo the visor's luirrod ImiiuI,

Unfix tho gorget's in^n ehisp,

Anrl give him room for life to gasp?-

O, IjootloHs aid ! -lioste, holy friar,

Haste, ere tho sinner shall expire!

<^>f all his guilt let him })e shriven,

And smcK.th his path from earth to heaven »

Tn haste tho holy friar spwl ;—
His naked f(H>t was dyed with red,

As tJirough the lists he ran;
Unmindful of the shouts on high
That hailed the conqueror's victory,

He raised the dying man;
Ix)oso waved his silver Ixjard and hair,
As o'er him he kneeled down in prayer;
And still the crucifix on high
He holds Ix'fore liis darkening eye ;
And still he bends an anxious ear.
His faltering penitence to hear;
Htill props him from tho bloody sml,

Ift

rAWTOV. TllR F.AV or TIIK I.AMT MiNHTKKU l>7

Still, even when houI and InMly part,
Poun* ghuNtly eitnifurt on Imh lu-Hit,

And bidM him truMt in OinI 1
Unhmnl ho prayn;— the duath |Min«'K oVr !
Itivhard of Muxgrave hntathcH n*» nion-. »

Ah if exhauHtefl in the fight,
Or niUNing o'er the pitooun night,

The Hi'lcnt victor Htnndn;
His beav(>r did ho not unilasp,
Mark(>d not the 8liout«, folt not iUv gniHp m

Of gratulating hands.
When lo! strange cri. s of wild surpiis*.,
Mingled with seeming terror, Hsmj

Amonj^ the Scottish bands;
And all, amid the thronge<l array,
In panic haste gave open way
To a half-naked ghastly man,
Who downward fn>m the castle run :
He crossed the Wrriers at a Ixnuid,
And wild and Iuig;^'ard lookml iirojud, ^

As dizzy and in pain;
And all upon the armed ground

Knew William of Delcraine!
Each ladye sprung from seat vi»h Hpe«vi ;
Vaulted each marshal from his steed; gg

"And who art thou," they criod,
"Who hast this battle fought and won?"
His plumed helm was 8o<m undone —

" Cranstoun of Teviot-side !
For this fair prize I've fought and won,"- ^

And to the Ladye led her son.

Pull oft the roscHe<l boy she kis'^fnl,
And often pressed him to her bn'ast.

TiiR Lay op tub Last Minstuku

CANTO V.

.'«)

For, u ruler all h(!r Hauntloss show.

T [or heart had throhlH'tl at every })l<)w ;

Yet not Lord Cranstoun dei«,'i;od she ^r<M<t

Thouj,'h low ho kneeled at her feot.

Me lists not tell what words were made,

What Douglas, Home, and Howard said—

For Howard wjis a generous f(X!—
And how the clan united prayed

The Ladye would the feud forego,
And deign to bless the nuptial hour
Of Cranstoun's lord and Teviot's Flower.

She looked to river, looked to hill.

Thought on the Spirit's prophecy,
Then broke her silence stern and still :

" Not you, but Fate, luis vanciuished n.e ;
Their influence kindly stars niay shower
On Teviot's tide and Branksonu^'s tower,

For pride is quelled and love is free."
She tcx)k fair Margaret by the hand.
Who, breathless, trembling, scarce nn'ght stand.

That hand to Cranstoun's lord gave she :
"As I am true to thee and thine,
Do thou 1)0 true to n»e and mine!

This clasp of love our ImukI shall be.
For this is your betrothing day,
And all these nol)le lords shall stay

To grace it with their company."

All as they left the listefl plain.

Much of the story she did gain :

How Cranstoun fought with Deloraine,

And of his page, and of the book

Which from the wounded knight he took;

And how he sought her castle high

That morn, by help of gramarye ;

cAN-niv. TiiK Lay op tub Last Mivmtuki,.

How, in Sir Willianrs armor diglit,

Stolon l>y his pjif,'e, while slopt the knight,

I [(3 took on him the sinf,'le fij,'ht.

liut half his talo he l«>ft unsaiij,

And lingered till he joined the nuiid.— «

Carefl not the I^idyo to b'tray

Her mystic arts in view of day;

Jlut well she thought, ere midnight cam.',

Of that strange page the pride to tame.

From his foul hands the 1mm )k to savr^ lo

And send it back to Afichael's grave. —

Needs not to tell each tender worfl

Twixt Margar.>t and 'twixt Cranstoun's Ion! ;

Nor how she told of former wjm's,

And how lier lK)som fell and rose is

While he and Musgrave l)andied blows. -

NcimIs not th(\se lovers' joys to tell;

One day, fair mai<Is, you'll know them well.

William of ])eloraino some chance

JLul wakened from his deathlike trance, an

And taught that in the listed plain
Another, in his arms and shield,
Against fierce Musgravo axe did wield,

IJmler the name of Deloraine.
H(!nce, to the field unarmed he ran.
And hence his presence scared tlu? clan,
Who held him for some fleeting wraith.
And not a man of blo(Ml and ()reatli.
Not much this new ally he loved.
Yet, when he sjiw what hap had proved, at

He gn'eted liim right heartilie :
He would not waken old debite.
For he was void of rancorous hate.
Though rude and scant of courtesy;

100

TiiR Lay op tiik Last Minstuek.

CANTO V.

In raids he spilt but seldom bI«)o<l,
Unless when men-at-anns withst«»o<l,
Or, as was meet, for deadly feud.
lie ne'er bore grudge for stalwart blow,
Ta'en in fair fight from gallant foe.
And so 't was seen of him e'en now,

When on dead Musgrave he lo<)k<>d «lown
Grief darkened on his rugged brow,

Though half disguised with a fi-owri ;
And thus, while sorrow b<>nt his head,
His fo(fman's epitaph he madc^ :

"Now, Richard iMusgrav(>, li.'.st thou here,

I ween, my deadly enemy ;
For, if I slew thy broth(^r dear.

Thou slew'st a sister's son to mo ;
And when I lay in dungeon dark

Of Naworth Castle long months throe.
Till ransomed for a thousand mark.

Dark Musgrave, it was long of thoo.
And, Musgrave, eould our fight be trioxl,

And thou wert now alive, as I,
No mortal man should us divide,

Till one, or both of us, did die :
Yet rest thee God ! for well I know
I ne'er shall find a nobler foe.
In all the northern counties here.
Whoso word is Snaffle, spur, and spear.
Thou wert the best to follow gear.
'Twas pleasure, as we l(X)ked behind.
To see how thou the chase couldst wind,
Cheer the dark blowlhound on his way.
An 1 with the bugle rouse the fray !
I'd give the lands of Deloraine,
Dark Musgrave were alive again."

cAttm V. The Lay op the Last MixsTitEL.

101

And laid him in his father's ^rraVe (IM, 16).

So inouiiied lie till Lord Dacie's iMitul
Were bowiiing back to Cuinberlaiid.
They raised bra-e ]Musgrave from tlie field
And laid him on his bloody shield ;
On levelled hinees, four and four,
By turns, the nohle burden bore.
Before, at t'"mes, upon the gale
Was heard the ^Minstrel's plaintive wail ;
Behind, four priests in sable stole
Sung re(juieni for the warrior's soul ;
Around, the horsemen slowly nxlc ;
With trailing pikes ih" spearmen tnMJe ;
And thus the gallant knight they bore
Through Liddesdale to Lcven's shore,
Thence to Holme Coltrame's lofty nave,
And laid him in his father's grave.

l^h

102

Tub J.AY OF TiiK Last M

INSTKEL.

CAXJO V.

INTKULUDK.

TiiK lutrp's wild nott..s, thcu-l. Lusl,,.! «|io .s„„.,,
llio limine iii.uch of <l(.ath piolcn-;
Now seems it fur, uiid now u-iioui" '
Now meets, urid now eliuK-s the our,
Now seems some mountain si.Ie to s'wi'ep,
Now faintly dies in valley de.']),
Seems now as if tlio Minstiel's wail,
Now the sad re(juiem, loads tlio pde ;
Lust, o'er the warrior's closing gra\e,'
Hung tJie full choir in choral stave. '

After due pause, they IkuIc him tell
Wliy lie, who toucluHl the Jiarp so well,
Should thus, with ill-rewarded toil,
Wander a poor and thankless soil,'
When the more genen)us Southern Und
Would well requite his skilful hand.

The aged harper, howsoe'er

His only friend, his harp, was dear,

Liked not to hear it ranker! so higl,

Above liis tlowing j>oesy :

Less liked he still that scornful jwv

Mispri/ed the land he lovwi so dear ;

High was the sound as thus again

The hard r.vsumefl Jiis minstrel strain.

LASTo VL TuE Lay of the Last Minstuel.

103

Land of the mountain and the flood (104, 10).

CANTO VI.

l5i{i;ATiir,s tlicro the man, uitli soul s<i »1(
Who never to Iiiinscif luitli saiti,

Tliis is my own, my native land ?
Whose lieart liath ne'er within liiin huriu
As home liis footsteps he liath lurried

From wandering on a foreign strand?
rf HUcli there breathe, go, mark him well
For him no minstrel raptures swell ;
High though hi.s titles, proud his name,
lioundless his wealth us wish can claim,

at I

104

CASIO VL

Tub Lay of tub Last Min«trkl.

respite those titles, power, and jHjIf,
The wretch, conccntrwl all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair nnown.
And, doubly dying, shall go down
1\) the vile dust from w)ience he sprung.
Unwept, unhonored, and unsun"

O Caledonia, stern and wild,

Meet nurse for a poetic child !

Land of brown heath and shaggy woo«l,

r^i»'I of the mountain and the floo<J,

Jjimd of my sires ! what mortal hand

Can e'er untie the filial band

That knits me to thy rugged strand .'

Still, as I view each well-known scene,

Think what is now and what hath be^n,

Seems as to me, of all bereft,

Sole friends thy woods and streams were left ;

And thus I love them better still.

Even in extremity of ill.

By Yarrow's stream still let me stray.

Though none sluiuld guide my feeble way ;

Still feel the breeze down Ettrick break,

Although it chill my withered cheek ;

Still lay my head by Teviot-stone,

Though there, forgotten and alone.

The bard may draw his parting groan.

Not scorned like me, to Branksome Hall
The minstrels came at festive call;
Trooping they came from near and far,
The jovial priests of mirth and war ;
Alike for feast and fight prepared,
Battle and banquet both they shared.
Of late, before each martial clan
They blew their death-note in the van,

CANTO V,. TiiK Lay of tub Laht Mix«tiikl.

105

O Calodonia, HUjrn aiul wild (IM, 7)

iJut now for every iiieriy mate

Rose the portcullis* iron grate;

They sound the pipe, they strike the strin.r,

They dance, they revel, and they sing, "'

Till the rude turrets shake and ring.*'

Me lists not at this tide declare

The si)lendor of the sp usal rite.
How mustered in the chapel fair

Loth maid and matron, sijuirc and knv^ht ;
Me lists not tell of ov.ches rare,
Of mantles green, and braided hair,
And kirtles furred with miniver;
What plumage waved the altar round,
How spurs and ringing chainlets sound :
And hard it were for bard to speak
The changeful hue of ^Fargaret's cheek,
That lovely hue which comes and ilics,'
As awe and shame a!t('rnate rise !

Some bards have sung, the I^ujye high
Chapel or altar came not niirh.

lit

106

TiiK Lav ok tiik Last MiNMritKL.

f.iN-ro VI.

.25

Nor durst the ritcH of NiNiUNal gracn,
So much Mho feared etuh Imly phice.
False Mlan<K?rH thoso:— I trust rij^lit well,
She wrought not by forbidden hihjII,
For mighty words and signs have j»owrr
O'er sprites in planetary hour;
Y(!t scarce I praise their venturous part
Who tam[H>r with such dangerous art.
Piut this for faithful truth I sav,—

The Liadye by tlie altar stood,
Of sable velvet her array,

And on her lieiwl a crimson liood,
With pearls embroidered and entwinetl,
Ouarded with gold, with ermine lined ;
A merlin sjit upon her wrist.
Held by a leash of silken twist.

The spousal rites were ended 8o«m ;
Twas now the merry hour of noon.
And in the hjfty arched hall
Was 8prt!ad the gorgeous festival.
Steward and scjuire, with heedful hastv,
Marshalled the rank of every guest;
Pages, with ready blade, wore there,
The mighty meal to carve and share ;
O'er capon, heron-shew, and crane,
And princely peacock's gilded train.
And o'er the lx)ar-head, garnished brave,
And cygnet from Saint IMary's wave.
O'er ptarmigan and venison,
The priest had spoke his benison.
Then rose the riot and the din,
Above, bene M, without, within !
For, from the lofty balcony,
Rung trumpet, shalm, and psaltery:

CANTO VI. TiiK Lay or tub Last Minhtukl.

107

still, OH I View cftch woll-kru.wn scene (!•«, 14).

Their chiufriuir L.^vls ol<l warriors quuilcMj,
lA.u.lly tlu.y .spoke un.l lou.lly lauglinl ;
AMusiK.nMl young kuighu, in tone n.oro n.il.l,
lo ladies fair, and Iadi(..s sniiltnl.
The luKMled l.awks, high ,K.rched on bean.,
i lie elan.<,r joint-d witli whistling sei-eani,
An,l llai.jH-d their wings an<! sh,H>k their Ijelis

In concert witli the stag-hounds' yells.

Hound go the flasks of ruddy wine,

From Bour<l,.aux, Orleans, or the JM.ine;

Tlieir tasks the busy sewers j)lv,

And all is mirth and revi-lry.

The Goblin Page, onn'tting still

No op])orttHiity of ill,

Strove now, while bhxxl ran hot an.l high,

To rouse debate and jealousy;

Till C(,nrad, Lord of AVolf(.nst(Mn,

ny nature iierce, and wann with' wine.

And now ill humor highly crossed

About some steeds his band had lost,

].)

lOH

TiiK Lay or tub I^mt MiNin-KicL.

CANTO VI.

High wohIh U} wordM HUccccMiiiig Htill,

Hiiuite with his gauntlet Htuut llunthill,

A Iiut and hardy Rutherford,

Whom men called ]>ickon Draw-tlio-Swnrd.

]lo Unik it on the page's sayo,

llunthill had driven these Mtecds away.

Then Howard, Home, and Douglas rtise,

The kindling discord to compose;

Btorn Rutherford right little said,

]]ut bit his glo%'e and shook his heiul.

A fortnight thence, it» Inglewutnl,

Stout Conrad, cold, and drenched in hhxj*!,

His bosom gored with many a wound.

Was by a woodman's lymenlog found :

Unknown the manner of his death.

Gone was his brand, both sword and Khfutli ;

But ever from that time, 'twas said,

That Dick(m wore a Cologne blade.

'25

The dwarf, who feared his master's eye
Might his foul treachery espie.
Now sought tho castle buttery,
Where many a yeoman, bold and free,
Revelled as merrily and well
As those that sat in lordly selle.
Watt Tinlinn there did frankly raise
The pledge to Arthur Fire-the-Bnies ;
And he, as by his breeding bound,
To Howard's merrymen sent it round.
To quit them, on the English side.
Red Roland Forster loudly cried,
" A deep carouse to yon fair bride ! "
At every pledge, from vat and piil,
Foamed forth in floods the nut-brown ale,
While shout the riders every one;

. ANTr> VI. Tub Imy op tiir Immt Minmtukl.

Such day of mirth no'cr dmml their clan,
Since old IJuc<Ieueh the name did gain,
When in the cleueh the buck wom taVn.

The wily pa^jo, with vcnKeful thought,

lleummUired hira of Tinlinn's yew,
And swore it should be dearly bought

That ever ho the arrow drew.
First, ho the yiHimau did molest
With bitter gibe and taunting jest ;
Told how he fled at Sol way strife.
And how Hob Armstrong cheeref] his wifu;
Then, shunning still his powerful arm,
At unawares ho wrought him harm;
From trencher stole his clioicest cheer,
Dashed from his lipH his can of IxTr;
Then, to his knee sly creeping on.
With IxKlkin pierced him to the bono :
The venometi wound and festering joint
Long after rued that bodkin's point.
The startled yeoman swore and spurne<l.
And board and flagons overturned.
Riot and clamor wild beiran :
Back to the hall the urchin ran,
Tfx)k in a darkling nook his post.
And grinned, and mutterefl, "Ix.st ! lost ! l(.st !"

V,y this, the dame, lest farther fray
Should mar the concord of the dav,
Had V)id the minstrels tune their lav.
And first steppetl forth old Albert (iin-me,
The minstrel of that ancient name:
Was none who struck the harp so well
Within the Land Delwitablo;
Well friended too, his hardy kin,
Whoever lost, were sure to win;

109

■i5

110

Till Ijav or Tiir Laht Minhthki. lAMmvi.

'. • -j-L--

The Niiii KliliifH fiilr on ('arliMlo wall (||«, fi).

They Hou>,'Iit the lM'«'vt'H tluit iiiiulo tliiir hioth
In Scotland aiul in Kn-^'lund lM»tIi.
I.i lionji'Iy guis*', an nature ImwIo,
His «inipl(» (si.ni; tlio l*.oi«l«>»i.r snul

U.HKUT (IK.KMK.

It Mas KM Ehjrlisli linly«' hri^rlit,
(Tlio 8IIII .sliiiuH fair on CailiMlo m.iII)

And she Moiilil many a Scottish kiii.;lif,
For lAtvv will Htill l»e lord of a!I.

Ulithdy tht'y Haw ilu> rls'mir huh,

When he shone fair on Carlisle wall ;

But they were sad ere day was done,
Thoutrh Love was still the l..rd of all.

Her sire pivo hriMK-h and jewel fine,

Where the sun shines fair on Carlish> wall;

Her hrother pive hut a flask of wine,
For ire that Love was lord of idl.

For she hud huxis lM)th meadow and lea,
WIh.io the sun shines fair on Carlisle wall ;

TAirrovi. Tub Lav or tiik Laht Mimhthku ]||

Ami hn xwont hor . •ntli, om ho wniiM mn^
A Hcotlish kiiitrl. (III. loi'il of all!

That witiu nhu hiul not taNli^l w«ll,
(Tho Miiii Hhiii«>M fair on (.'arliKlo walll

Whi-n «h»(Ml, in hrr true Iovu'm nnnx, Hh<< f»'||,
For Imvu wiw Mtill tlio htnl of all.

Ho piomxl hiT ltrothi>r f«» the hoarf,
Whi-i-o tho Hiin HhiiH-M fair on furliNlr m.»IIj—

Ho |M>riMh nil woiiltl trno luvo |nii»,
That b»vo may still Ikj lord of all !

An«l thon h«< tiNtk tho crow divino,
Whrro tho hiui Hhintw fair on CarliNJi. Hull,

Ami «li<>4l for lusr Nako in l'ah>M(in«>,
Hit L>vo wiM Ntill tho lonl of all.

Xow all yo lovrrH that faithful pr«»v«',

fTho Mini rthinoH fair on Caili^lo wall)
IVay for timir mhiIm who (]i<-4l for htv«'.

For Livo Hhall Htill Ikj lonl of all I

1.1

As oihIjhI AllH?rt'.s NJinpIo hiy,

An wo a Iwird of loftitT jMirt, go

For wmnct, iliyino, and roumlrlay

Iloiuiwiiwl in liau<,'lity Ilonry's court:
TIkmo rung thy haip, unrivalled lunt,',
Fit/travor of tlio silver sonu !
Tiio gor?tle Surrey lovc<l his lyro— «-,

Who lias not lirani of Surrcv' ( fauM' /
I [is WHS tho hero's soul of fjio,

And his tho hard's immortal name,
And liis was lovo, exalUHl hi;,'h
J{y all the jjlow of chivalry. .,,

They sought tog«^ther climes afur,

And oft, within some olivo grove,
When even came with twinkling star.

They sung of Surrey's absent lovo.

112 The Lay op tub Last Minstrel.

CANTO VI.

Hia step the Italian peasant stayed,
And deemed that spirits from on high,

Ilomid wliere some hermit saint was laid,
Were breathing heavenly melody;

So sweet did harp and v«)ice combine

To praise the name of Oeraldine.

Fitztraver, O, what tongue may say

The pangs thy faithful bosom knew.
When Surrey of the deathless lay

Ungrateful Tudor's sentence slew?
Ilegardless of the tyrant's frown.
His harp called wrath and vengeance down.
He left, for Naworth's iron towers,
Windsor's green glades and courtly lM)wers,
And, faithful to his patron's name,
With Howard still Fitztraver came;
Lord William's foiemost favorite he.
And chief of all his minstrelsv.

.TO

KITZTliAVKK.

'Twas i^ll-Souls' eve, and Surrey's heart beat hijjh ;

He heard the midnight IkjII with anxious start,
Which told the mystic hour, approaching nigh,

When wise Cornelius promised by his art

To show to him the ladye of his heart,
All)eit betwixt them roared the ocean grim ;

Yet so the sage had hight to play his part,
That he should see her form in life and limb,
And mark if still slie loved and still she thought of him.

Dark was the vaulted room of gramarj'e.

To which the wizard led the gallant knight.
Save that before a mirror, huge and high,

A hallowed taper shed a glimmering light

On mystic implements of magic might.
On cross, and c}i.ir.u;ter, and t.jilisTnan,

And almagest, and altar, nothing bright ;

CANTO VI. The Lay op tiik Last Min«tui:l. 11;^

For fitful was the lustre, i»ale and wan,
As watch-light hy the bed of some deiMirting man.

But soon, within that mirror huge and high.

Was seen a self-emitted liglit to gleum ;
And forms uiwn its hreast the earl gan spy, 4

Cloudy and indistinct as feverish dnam ;

Till, slow arranging and defined, they seem
To fonn a lordly and a lofty room.

Part lighted by a lamp with silver l>euin.
Placed by a couch of Agra's silkt^n loom, 10

And part by moonshine pale, and iMirt was hid in gl.H.ni.

Fair all the jMigeant— but how jwussing fair
The slender form which lay on couch of Ind !

O'er her white bosom strayed her hazel hair.

Pale her dear cheek, as if for love she pined ; 1.5

All in her night-robe loose she lay reclined.

And i»ensive read from tablet eburnine

Some strain that seemed her inmost soul to find :

That favored strain was Surrey's raptured line,
That fair and lovely form the Lady (Jeraldine. ' at

Slow rolled the clouds upon the lovely form.

And swept the goodly vision all away —
So royal envy rolled the muiky storm

O'er my beloved Master's gloiious day.

Thou jealous, ruthless tyrant! Heaven re] my a-,

On thee, and on thy children's latest line.

The wild caprice of thy <lesi»otic sway.
The gory bridal-lted, the plunderwl shiine.
The murdered Surrey's blood, the tears of (Jeral.lin.,!

Both Scots and Southern chiefs piolonfr a,

Applauses of Fitztraver's song ;
' These hated Henry's name as death,
1 And those still held the ancient faith.

Then from his seat with lofty air

Rose Harold, bard of brave Saint Clair, - ai

Saint Clair, who, feasting high at Home,

Had with that lord to bittle come.
8

114

TiiK Lay of mik T^ast JMi.vsTKKr,.

• AN TO VI.

JIantId wjis Ixtrn wlioro restless seas
Howl rouTid tlio st«inn-swept Oreafh's;
Where erst Saint Claiis held princely sway
O'er isle ■^ l islet, strait and hay ;—
►Still nods icir palaee to its fall,
Thy pride and sorrow, fair Kirkwall! -
Thence oft lie marked fierce Pentland rave,
As if grim Odhi rcMle her wave,
And watched the whilst, with visage pale
And throhhing heart, the struggling sail;
For all of wonderful and wild
Ifad rapture for the lonelj' child.

lii

•Jft

And nmch of wild and wonderful

Tn these rude isles might Fancy cull ;

For thither came in times afar

Stern Lochlin's sons of roving war.

The Norsemen, trained to sj)oil and 1)Io«m1,

Skilled to prepare the raven's food,

Kings of the main their leaders hravc.

Their barks the dragons of the wave ;

And there, in many a stormy vale.

The Scald had told his wondrous tale,

And many a Runic column high

Had witnessed grim idolatry.

And thus had Harold in his youth

Ixjarned many a Saga's rhyme uncouth,

Of that Sea-Snake, tremendous curled,

Whoso monstrous circle girds the woi-ld ;

Of those dread Maids whose hideous yell

Maddens the battle's bloody swell ;

Of chiefs who, guided through the gl«M)m

JJy the pale death lights of the tomb,

ILinsacked the graves of w;u-riors old,

Their falchions wrenched from corphies' hohl.

.ANTo VI. The Lay op the Last ^[ivstrkl.

Waked the deaf t..inb with wars alarms,
And bade tlie dead arise to aims !
With war and wonder all on Haine,
To Iloslin's bowers young Harold came,
Where, by sweet glen and greenwo<.<l tree.
He learned a milder minstrelsy •
Yet something of tlie Northern s|)<'ll
Mixed with the softer nuni1)eis w(>ll.

115

HAROLO.

O, listen, listen, indies gay !

Xo haughty feat of unns I tell ;
Soft is the note, and sad the lav,

That mourns the lovely RosalJell.

"Moor, moor the harge, ye gallant .ivw !

And, gentle ladye, deign to stay !
Rest thee in Castle Ravensheuch,

Xor tempt the stormy firth to-day.

"The blackening M'ave is edged with white;

To inch and rook the sea-mews fly ;
The fishers have heard tlie Water Sprite,

Whose screams forebode that wieek is niirh.

" Last night the gifted Seer did view
A wet shroud swathed round ladye f^'ay ;

Then stay thee, fair, in Ravensheuch :
Why cross the gloomy firth to-day ? "

"Tis not because Lord Lindesay's ln.>ir
Tonight at Roslin leads the ball,

But that my ladye-mother there
Sits lonely in her castle-hall.

"Tis not because the ring they ride,
And Lindesay at the ring ri(h>s well,

Hut that my sire the wine will chi.le,
Tf 'tis not filled by Rosabelle."'

O'er Roslin all that dreary night

A wondrous blaze was seen to ^deaiii ;

1£

•JU

e
o
js

r.\sTo VI. TirK Lay of tiik L

A«T MiNSTKKL.

117

'Twa« Lromler tli.ni tJ.u walfl.-fin, lijr|,t

And retUler tl.an tl.u l„ijr|,t .,u.o.,1h.-uiu.
It J,'lare(l on Roslin's cnsthd jof-k,
^ It ru<l<li,,,l nil the oopsi.wo.Ml irin ;
'Tw,i.s scvn fn.ni Difv-I.-M's pox^s of'o.-.k,
And seen from cuven.ed Ifawtl.orn.ie,,.'
Seemed all on lire that nimpel pr..!.,!

Where Ro..Ii,.-.s dii.fs nn.„(lined lie,
Kaeh baron, f,,r a .sal.le shroud.
Sheathed in his iron panoply.
Seemed all .,n tire within, aronn.l.
Deep sa<-risty an.I altar's pale; '
Shono every pill,„. foliaye-l.„und,'

And glinin.ere<l all the dt.ul nu,Ms mail.
Blazed Imtth.ment an.! ,,inn..t hij^h,
^ lila/.e<I every r..s,...a,ved l.sit tress fair -
•S.) still they hhize wlien fate is ni.-h
The lordly line of high Saint Clair.
There are twenty of RosliM's harons l,.,|d
Lie l.urie,! within that pron.l eha,K.lle;
haeh one the holy vanlt <luth hold -

lint tlie sea holds lovely Kosahelle !
And each Saint Ch.ir was hn.ied there
With candle, with hook, and with k'n.-H •

Hu^ the sea-aues rung and the wild windJ sun.
The (Inge (if lovely HosatKjll,.-.

So sweet was Harohrs pit,.„„s h,y,

Scaree n.ark,.,! the guests the (h'trkened hall
"'"u-h, l„ng l.,.f„re the sinking day,

A woiwirous shade involved tlieni all.
It was not eddying mist or f.,g,
l>rained hy the sun fron, f,.„ Z \>,.^;

Of no eclii)se Jiad sages told ;
-^'"i y«"^ • it cuue on apace, '
K-"-h o ul I scarce lis nei;^hl„.,.s face

Could ,.aice his own stretched 1 .uuj behold

].■»

Tub Lay of the Last ]\riNsTiM:L.

CANTO VI.

A flash of lightning cjiiuo (119, 2).

A secret liopror checked the feast,

And cliilled the soul of every guest;

Even the high dame stood half aghast,

She knew some evil on the blast ;

The elfish page fell to the ground,

And, shuddering, muttered, "Found! found ! found!"

• '.wro VI.

TlIK I.VV (.K Till.; I. AST .MlNsiKKI,

Tll,.|l sU.l.h.M tl..o„,-l. ll„. .I;,lk,.nr.| ,,ir

A tl)i.sh of li;;litniii;ir mil,,.;
So l)IOH(I, HO lii-i-lit, so ml (|„. j,|,i,,.^

'I'lu* f.istlo Si't'llicd oil IJillll,..

<JI;iii(v,l every raflcr of tlie li.ill,

(Jl.iii.-..«1 ovrry siiicl.J u|«.ii tli„ %vul|;

Kai-li tr..„I,u.d iM-aiM, ,,u.h ,sn.I,,(„n..I slo,,..

>N«'lo liist.int seen Hiid iiist.iiit -one;

Full tlin.u-h the «u.-st.s' U-ihvyM l,;u„|

Kt'.si.stl».s.s f!jisla.d the lfviii-l„jin.|,

A.1,1 r.11,.,1 tlu> i.all will, .sinouMriii.^. s.i.ok,.,

As oil the elHsli pjige it hiokc.

It l.i-oko with thiin.lcr ]„uix iiii.l lo,„I,

DisiiKiyed the bniv,,, appaJIrd the j.io'ud,

Fi<»m sea to sra the; lanuii run^';
On JJrrwick wall, an.l at raili.sio''withaI,
To anus the .start Ird warders spnin- '
When ended was the dreadful r.,ar,
The elH.sh dwarf was seen no inore'l

.Some l„.ard a voi.-e in I'.raiiksoiiie Hall,
SoiiH, saw a siVl.t, not seen ],y ail ;
That dreadful voiee was heanl by s<»ino

Cvy, with loud suininons, "(Jvi.isiv, (;omi;!"
AikI .,n the sjH.t wherc^ hurst the brand,

•hist where tlie pa-e had tlun- him ,lown,'
Some saw an arm, and some a han.l,

And some the wavinjr of a iroun.

The guests in silence prayed and sh.M.k,

And terror dimmed eaeh lofty look.

r.ut none of all the astonish(-d train

Was so dismayed as Deloraine:

His bl(M»d did freeze, his brain did burn,
"Twas feared his mind woul.l ne'er return;

For he was siM-echless, !,'hastly, wan,

1!^

:«)

120

Tub Lay of tub I-^st MiytrritBL.

CANTO VI.

Like him of whom the story ran,
Who spoke the spectre-hound in Man.
At length by fits he darkly told,
With broken hint and shuddering cold,
6 That he had seen right certainly

A shajte with amice wrapped arouml,
With a wrought Sitaninh haldric bound,

Like jnhjrim from beyond tfie sea ;
And knew — but how it mattered not —
10 It was the wizard, Michael Scott.

The anxious crowd, with horror pale,
All trembling heard the wondrous tale :
No sound was made, no word was spoke.
Till noble Angus silence broke;

And he a solemn sacred plight
Did to Saint Bride of Douglas n)ake.
That he a pilgrimage would take
To Melrose Abbey, for the sake

Of Michael's restless sprite.
Then each, to ease his troubled breast.
To some blest saint his prayers addressed :
Some to Saint Modan made their vows.
Some to Saint Mary of the Lowes,
Some to the Holy Rood of Lisle,

SB Some to Our Lady of the Isle;

Each did his patron witness ntake

That he such pilgrimage would take,

And monks should sing and bells should toll,

All for the weal of Michael's soul.

ao While vows were ta'en and prayers were prayed,

'Tis said the noble dame, dismayed.
Renounced for aye dark magic's aid.

Nought of the bridal will I tell.
Which after in short space befell ;

CANTO VI. TiiK Lay or tiik I^ht Minbthkl.

N«)r how bruvo sons and daugliteiH fair
lllt'HHod Teviot's Flower and Cianhtoun'a heir
After 8uch dreadful Mceiio 'twero vuin
To wake the note of mirth again.
3Ioro meet it were to mark th© day

Of penitence and prayer divine,
When pilgrim-chiefs, in sad array.

Sought Melrose' holy shrine.

With naked foot, and sackcloth vest,
And arms enfolded on his breast.

Did every pilgrim go;
The standers-by might hear uneath
Footstep, or voice, or high-drawn breath,

Through all the lengthened row:
No lordly look nor martial stride,
Gone was their glory, sunk their pride.

Forgotten their renown j
Silent and slow, like ghosts, they glide
To the high altar's hallowed side,

And there they knelt them down.
Above the suppliant chieftains wave
The banners of departed brave;
Beneath the lettered stones were laid
The ashes of their fatliers dead ;
From many a garnished niche around
Stern saints and tortured martyrs frowned.

And slow up the dim aisle afar,
With sable cowl and scapular.
And snow:-white stoles, in order due,
The holy fathers, two and two.

In long procession came;
Taper and iiost and book they bare,
And holy banner, flourished fair

With the Redeemer's name.

121

V2-2

TiiK Lav op tiik J.aht Minmthkl.

CANTO %|.

AlKivo tlio prtwtruto pilgrim bund
Tlie iiiitml al>l)ot stretched I'm land,

And bIoH>w?d them oa they kneeled ;
^^'ith holy cum ho signwl them all,
An<l prayed they might bo wige in hull

An<l furtunjito in field.
Then muMs was sung, and prayers were .wiid.
And solenm re<|uiem for the deiwl •
And btdlfi tolled out their mighty p<.al
For the dej)ttrted spirit's weal ;
And ever in the office eloso
The hynuj of intereesNion rose;
And far tho eelioing aisles prolong
The awful bunlen of tho song,

DiKS Ill/K, DIES ILLA,
SOLVKT 8.WLUM IN KAVILLA,

While the pealing organ rung.
Were it meet with 8aere<l strain
To close my lay, so light and vain,

Thus the holy fathers sung :

!»

3mn tot the |leab.

That (Ijiy of wrath, tliut <heudful day,
When heuveii uiul earth whall jmihs uway,
What i»ower sliall Ite the sinner's stjiy ?
How shall he meet that dreadful <Iay ?

When, shrivelling like a jiarched sen.ll,
The flaming heavens together roll,
When louder yet, and yet more drea«l,
Swells the high trump that wakes tho dead !

O, on that day, that wrathful day,
When man to judgment wakes from clay,
Be Thou the tremUing sinner's stay.
Though heaven and earth shall jiass away !

•»v,«, VI. TiiK Lav ok tiik Lshv Mi!««tickl.

12.1

KiMi.(Ka:i:.

lIlJMIIKI) IH thu ||UI|. tllC^ MillHtn-l jrolM'.

And (li<l III) wiuidtT forth aloiio f
Aloiir, ill iiiili^ciici' hikI jige,
To lin^'.T out his i.ilgiinmgc,?
N<»: closo iM'iK'Hth jMoud X.'wurk'H towt-r
Anwo the Miiistn'l's lowlv Ih)w«t
A Hiinpio hut; hut th«'ra wiw stvn
The Hi Jo ganh'ii lu-dged with giiH?ti,
Tho eh(>t-iful lii-aith, ami hittico ehvui.
Tlicro sli(.|t('iv(l waiHlfivrs, l)y the hlazo,
Oft heard tho talt^ «»f other davs ;
For much lie Iove<| to oj^j hi.s'd«mr,
And give tlu! aid he Jn-gged U-fore.
So paMs»«<l the winter's day ; hut still,
NVheu suininer smiled on sweet liowhill,
And July's eve, with halniy hnuitli.
Waved the hlue-lM'lIs on Newark heath,
When throstles sung in Hart'head-shaw,'
And corn was green on Carterhaiigh,
And nourished, broad, IllaekaiKlro's oak,
The aged harper's soul awoke !
Then wouhl he sing achieveinerits high
And circunistanee of chivalry,
Till the rapt traveller would stav,
Forgetful of tho closing day ;
And noble youths, the strain to hear,
Forsook the hunting of the deer ;
And Yarr(»w, as he rolled along,
P.ore burdyu to the Minstrel's souir.

SJIK WALTKK SCOTT.

ABBOTBrORD.

LIKK OF Sill WAI/rKU SCOTT.

INNI-MKKABLK Illcuioirs nf Sir WulttT Srott Imw \mvu

pnnto«l, iMit thorc i.s muic tlmt nm co.ni^iri. with tim nixty
|«Ws writtuii l.y hi.n.self and (lato.l April i(!tl,, |mom. The
frugincnt gives a cleur outline of Srott's life duwu to th..
IK-TUKl of his call to the b,tr in July. 17!>., an.l the f<K,t-
notcs apiKjar to have been ad.led in iH-jii, „„ly six
years In^fore his death, so that wo may frel rertain Sir
Uulter delilK.T.tely revi,se<l the niainis.ript in his n.atun.
years. It ^nves us acrurate iiiforniation of his childh.MHl
»)oyh.KMl, youth, and early n.anh.KKl ; and supplies us with'
the clue to tra.-e out the wonderful results of his great
natural endowments, his peculiar traininj,', e.lu.ation, and
apprenticeship that led sul,so.,uently to his .listin;r,ushe.|
literary career and worhl-wide jK.pularity.

Scott remarks that "from the lives of some ,HH)ts a mcwt
unportiint moral lesson may doubtless he deriv.Ml," hut
modestly explains that in his own case his « hah'its of

125

126

LiFK OK Sll£ W.M/IKU Sr(HT.

thinking an.l m-titi-" ,u..l l.is " mak in s-M-i.-ty" were fixed
long Mora 1,0 ha.l uttainod to any ]MK.ti<al irputation, and
tlmt wl.cn aninired it iwhImc.'.! no rcinaikal.lo cl.an-o in
liiin. "Vet tlKKse wlm shall iHTeaCtcr read tl.i.s mtle
memoir," he remarks, "may find in it some hint to W
improved, for the regulation of their own minds or the
training of those of others." An.l, in fa.t, Seott's sn.-eess
as a literary man is a clear example of the eminent utility
of -eneral edu<-ation, si-e.-ial trai.iing, and sufti.-ient ap-
prenticeship to enal.le a man of even unusual al.ility to
make the hest of liis natural talents.

In half-playful, half-serious m.KKl, Scott -lances ..ver his
ancestry and mentions that he Mas com.ecte.l with ai.cicmt
Scottish families on Loth sides of the h.»us(>. The spirit
of caste liad in truth a jK.werful inHue.i.-e ..vr him, more
IK)werful indeed than he himself ,.eil,aps ever suspected,
Imt all ackiH.wled-e that its ^M-a.-eful asiM-cts appeare.l in'
their greatest ek-an.^e in t' works and character of the
great Scottish hanl. "My fatner's grandfather," he writes,
"was Walter S<-ott, well-known in Teviot<lale l,y the sur-
name of Beardie, who was the great gran.ls,.n of Auld Watt
of Harden. I am therefore lineally des<-ende.l from that
ancient chieftain whose name I have made to ring in many
a ditty, and from his fair dame, the Flower ..f Yarrow -no
bad genealogy for a Border minstrel. Walter Scott, my
father, was horn in 1729 and educated to tlu^ i.rofession of
a Writer to the Signet, an<l his j.ractice was at one i»eri<.,l
of his life very extensive. In April, IT.^s, my father mar-
ried Anne IlutherfonI, eldest daughter of ]),-. John Ruther-
ford, professor of medicine in the University of Kdin-
iHirgh, a man distinguished for i)rofessional talent, for
lively wit, and f(.r literary ac.pnivments."

Turning to his own story he procee.ls:-" I was horn on
the ir.th of August, 1771, and showed every sign of health

Iavk op Silt Wai.tku Hf'OTT. 127

and strength until I was uIkmU oi;;hteon inontlis old, when
one nmrnin;; [ w:us disn.vere.l to 1k3 affortu.! with the fever
wlu.li ..ften ar,.o,„,«inie.s the cuttin- of Urj^o teetii. ()„
the f<.urth day tliey discovere ' that I hud lost the iK)Wer
of m riKht le;^. My anx? ,,s parent, .'-.rinf^ the .-ourse of
many years ea-erly ;,^ras,H3. Mt every ,„„s,H...t of enre whieh
was held out, l,ut i„ vain. T',., llttL. hoy was, then-fore
|>ern.anently Ja.n.s a fact to Ik, home carefully in n.ind in'
trann- his future development. iJy the advi.-e of his
^-randfather, Dr. Rutherford, he was sent to the farinlumse
of San<ly-lvnowe, the resi.len.-e of his other ^M-an.lfather
RolKM-t Scott. And here In-an that s,>ecial course of train
ii.« wh„-h was ,h,stined to exercise a powerful inlluence
over the rest of the ]M)y's life.

" The local information, whi.rh I conceive had some share
in fonn.nx my future taste and ,,ursaits, \ .lerived fron,
the old .son;rs and tales. My grandmother used to tell me
many a tale of Watt of Harden, Wi^ht Willie, Jamie
lellfer, and r.ther herr^-s, inerrymen all of the ,.ersuasion
and calhn- of Hol.in H,„h1 and Little John. I learned
trom her many a story, ^-rave an.l ^ay, co,„ie an,l warlike
Two or three ohl hooks were explored for my amusement
m the te.l,ous winter .lays, and n.y kind an<l affectionate
aunt, Af.ss Janet Scott, whose numu.ry will ever 1k> ,lear
to me, use.l t.» read to me with adnural.lc patience
Autrrmafhes and liamsay's 7V„-^,/V. J//.svv/A,,.,/, and at a
later perhnl Josephus' ir.,r.s ./ f/^e Je,.,, until' [ couhl re-
l^eat louK pass^t^res l.y heart. Tlie hallad of //nnfy AmUe
I was early n.aster of, to the ^.,,,t annoyanc-e of almost
our only visitor, the worthy eler^^man of the j.arish, who
was sometimes interrupted hy ,„y shoutinj; forth this
ditty."

At the a-e <.f four he was sent to IJutl,, where he at-
tended a .lame's .sch.nd an.l learned t.. rea.l iu alnmt three

128

LiFR OP Sir Walter Scott.

months. An cK^casional lesson from his annt and a few
les.s<,„s from teachers in Edinburgh were tlie only formal
instnurtion he received in childluxKl. He returned to
bandy-Knowe and remained there till his eighth year
when sea-bathing was tried for the cure of his lamene.ss'
but without effect. At the seaside he Ix^can.e the favorite
of a veteran, Captain Dalgett:^ who poured into his ears
tales of military feats in the German wars. In s,x.aking
of this period, Scott observes .-" I derived a great deal
of curious information from George Constable, who was
the first i,erson to tell me about Falstaff, Hotspur, and other
characters in Shakes,K.are. What idea I annexed to them I
know not, but I rather suspect that children derive im-
pulses of a powerful and important kind in hearing thin.^s
they cannot entirely comprehend, and that therefore to wrile
dovm to children's understanding is a mistake ; set them
on the scent and let them puzzle it out."

The next eighteen years were si«3nt at his father's house
m Edinburgh until his marriage at the age of 26. Of the
first two years, 1797-9. he tells us :-"My lameness and my
solitary habits had made me a tolerable reader, and my
hours of leisure were usually spent in reading aloud to my
mother Pope's translation of //o«..r, which, excepting a few
traditionary ballads and two songs in Allan Puunsay's Ever
!,reen, was the first poetry I perused. My mother used to
make me pause uiK.n those i«vssages which expressed
generous and worthy sentiments. My own enthusiasm, how-
ever, was chiefly awakened by the w.,n,lerful and the terrible
I got by heart, not as a task, but almc.t without intending
It, the passages with which I was most pleased, and used
to recite them aloud, both when alone and to others"

About fifty years after Scott's death. Professor J. C
Shairp lecture,! at Oxford on "The Homeric Spirit in
Walter Scott." "The strictest criticism," .said he, "must

Un OF Silt Waltkb Scott. j^g

allow that hi, foonu, co„tai„ more of the Homeric or enic
ement than a„y other ,K«m, in the English la.J^

was hke, I should let h,m rea.1 the more heroic ,„r,s of

signt into the Homeric spirit."
In 1779 Scott was sent to the Edinlmrgh Hi«h S..lu«,l

connt of h,s delicate health, and he s„y,:_.:i „, , ' ^
bow the cl^ in which I was placed.' I..,h „ .rl
m p.^.re,s. Th,s was a real disadvantage, and i, L „"
ably owmg to this circumstance ,l,«t I did not n,„kc a ^
great figure at the High School » '

However, he had the assistance of "„ tutor at hon.e a

rtuden He was a f.Uhful and active instructor," say,

ledge of sch«,I d.vu „d ehnrch history. I was a

Cavaher, „,y friend w,u, a Koundhea,! ; I w,u, a Tory 1,1
he wa., a Whig, I hated Pr^byterianJ and ad^i^ M, I

po .t.c Argyle, «, that we never wanted sul.ject, of dis
P«te^ but our disputes were always amicahle." M,ZJL
f-ott spent five years a. the Hi,h School, of „h ,."h "
last two were under th. direct teaching of J.r Adun Z
-etor. from whom S-.f first learned ,ne .d:'

knowledge he had hither, considered a l.urdcn, eUl

He «ad CK»r Livy, Sallnst, Virgil, H,.mcc, and Tcn^^e

^guage. The rector use,! to invite his s,.l,olar, to u.afce
poefcal versions of Horace and Vir>:il. and .Scot.'s tmnt
l.on., were often approved l,y Dr. Adau,

130

Life op Sir Walter Scott.

HIH WAl.TXIl SI'OTT.

The delicate, lame boy was as yet uiulisciplined to do the
steady, hard work he was destined to i>erform in the future,
but his training had fairly begun. While he says, " I made
a brighter figure in the yardu than in the clas^ii,'' he strongly
repudiates the idea that he was ever a blockhead. " I read
not long since," he wrote in 1826, "that ... 1 had been
distinguished as an absolute dunce. ... I was never a
dunce, nor thought to be so, but an incorrigibly idle imp,
who was always longing to do something el-e than what
was enjoined him." He was popular among his schcjolmatcs,
and used to entertain them with tales from his capacious
memory and ready imagination, " in the winter i)lay hours
when hard exercise was imi)ossible. I left the High
School," he says, " with a great quantity of general infor-
mation, ill-arranged, indeed, and collected without system,
yet deeply impressed \\\xm my nnnd, readily assorted by my
power of connection and memory, and gilded, if I may be
Itermitted to say so, by a vivid and active imagination."

On account of his delicate health his father did not send
him directly to college, but allowed him to si>end half a year

Life of Sir Walter Scott. ]$l

at Kelso witli liis kin<l aunt, >ris.s .I,i„ot S,M»tt, previoasly
mentioned. For alnrnt four 1.. .s a clay l.e atten.led the
grammar school of the village an.l rea<l Porsius and Tacitus
under Mr. Whale, "an excellent cla.ssi.-al scholar, a
humorist, and a worthy man." He made considerable pro-
gress and 8ay.s, "My time with him, though short. wj«
8I)ent greatly to my advantage an.l his gratification. I wa.s
as grateful as I could be. I acte.l as usher, heanl the
mfenor classes, and siK)Uted the si,eech of Galgacus at tho
pubhc examination." In the meantime he was devouring
such Wks of history, jwetry, v.>yages, fairy tale-s eastern
stories, romances, etc., as fell in his way. inclu.ling .some
Olid volumes of Shakesiieare ; .,o that his knowledge of
English literature was gradually exten.ling. From Dr
Blacklock he learned to appreciate Ossian an.l SjKjnser
"The tawdry repetitions of the Ossianic phntseojogy " .soon
disgusted him, " but," he writes, " Sj^enser I coul.l have
mid for ever. Too young to trouble myseif about the
allegory, I considered all the knights and huiies a.i.l dragons
and giants in their outward an.l exoteric sense, and God only
knows how delightcl I was to find myself in such society
and the .piantity of Si«n.ser's sfcmzas which I could reiKiat
was really marvellous." About the same time he read a
tran.slationof Tasso's great evlc,Jerumfe,n Delivere.f, and first
Wme aciuainted with Bishop Percy's Jidujues of Ancient
Poetry. The perusjil of the latter book marked an epoch in
his life, and his poetic career may be dated from the day
that he first oi>ened the volumes. "The summer day si>ed
onward so fast, that, notwithstanding the sharp api.etite of
thirteen, I forgot the hour of dinner, was .sought for with
anxiety, and was still found entranced in my intellectual
ban.iuet. The first time, tw, I could scraj-e a few shillings
together I bought unto myself a copy of these beloved
volumes, nor do I believe I ever read a b.x)k half so

132

LiFB OF Sir Walter Scott.

frequently or with half the enthusiasm." Richanlson, Mac-
kenzie, Fielding, Smollett, and other novelists also engaged
his attention during this period.

On his return to Edinburgh he attended the college
classes in Latin, Greek, Ethics, Moral Philosophy, History,
Civil and Municipal law, and also studied Mathematics
under a tutor. In regard to his college course Scott has
this to Bay : — " If my learning be flimsy and inaccunite,
the reader mus^ have some compassion even for an idle work-
man who had so narrow a foundation to build uiM)n. If,
however, it should ever fall to the lot of youth to i)ernse
these pages, let such reader remember that it is with the
deepest regret that I recollect in my manhood the ojjpor-
tunities of learning which I neglected in my youth ; that
through every part of my literary career I have felt
pinched and hampered by my own ignorance ; and that I
would at this moment give half the reputation I have had
the good fortune to acquire, if by so doing I could rest
the remaining part upon a sound foundation of learning
and science." The frankness and modesty of this passage
are thoroughly characteristic of the man, for he never
became intoxicated by success and always disclaimed any
extraordinary talent and acquirements. His college career
was interrupted by another fit of illness, during which he
again lived at Kelso and read " what and how " he pleased,
and made the acquaintance of "Buchanan's History, that
of Matthew of Paris, and other monkish chronicles " in
Latin.

Next he was apprenticed for five years in his father's
office, where he disliked the drudgery and confinement,
but appreciated the "allowance for copy-money" and the
power of choosing his own books and reading them in his
own way. "All that was adventurous and romantic," he
tells us, "I devoured without much discrimination. Every-

LiPK OP Sir Waltkr Scott.

133

thing which t«m(Iiea on knight-errantry was particularly
acceptable to nic, and I Moon attempted to imitate what I
so greatly admired. My greatest intimate was Mr. John
Irving, and we were wont, each of us, to compose a
romance for the other's anmsement. Whole holidays were
siKjnt in this singular i«istime, which continued for two or
three years and had, I Iwlieve, no small effect in directing
my imagination to tlie chivalrous and romantic in prose
and iKHjtry." Tliis tendency was strengthened by the
reading of translations of Tasso and Ariosto. He soon
acipiired a working knowledge of Italian, and read "Dante,
lioiardo, Pulci, and other eminent Italian authors." He also
renewed and extended his knowledge of French literature,
and learned to reatl some of the Spanish classics.

AlK>ut the second year of his apprenticeship his health
WHS again interrupted, this time by the breaking of a
l)l(Kxl- vessel. After close confinement, severe regimen, and
one or two relapses, he recovered jKjrfectly from the injury.
"With this illness," he says, "I batle farewell both to
disease and medicine, for since that time I h.tve eryoyed
a state of the most robust health, and my lameness did not
prevent me from taking much exercise on horseback and
making long journeys on foot, in the course of which I
often walked from twenty to thirty miles a day. These
excursions on foot or horseback formed by far my most
favorite amusement. My principal object in these ex-
cursions was the pleasure of seeing romantic scenery, or
the places wliidi had been distinguished by remarkable
historical events."

Alx)it 1788, in his seventeenth year, he joined one of
" those associations called literary societies, formed not only
for the purpose of debate, but of composition. Our
hearts were warm," he writes, "our minds honorably bent
on knowledge and literary distinction, and in this society

1.34

TiiFK OF- Sib Waltku Hcorr.

' 11

I was nattiniUy led to correct my f<»rMier uselenH courHO of
reiuling and to aciiuire at least such a ]>ortion of know-
ledge as might enable mo to maintain my rank in conver-
sation."

His apprenticeship ended, and about the same time he
began, in compliance with his father's wishes, to jiruiNire
for the profession of the bar. Accordingly we find his
studies directed with great ardor and ]ierseverance towards
that object during the years that followed till he received
the Advocate's gown, July 11th, 1792.

Tlie autumn of that year was noteworthy for the l)e-
ginning of the famous " Liddesdale Raids," as Scott's seven
yearly exjieditions into that then almost inaccessible dis-
trict were called. Under the guidance of his friend, Mr.
Shortreed, Scott explored every nook of the country, living
with slK'pherd and minister, and gathering the material of
literature and life afterwards to be incori>orated into his
Minstrelny of the Scottish liarder and his greater novels.

Scott's interest in the law contirnied for fourteen years;
his practice was never very extensive, but it was carefully
maintained, for literature, he said, was to l)e his staff and
not his f riitch. His marriage to Miss Charlotte Carpenter,
December 24th, 1797, made his devotion to the so-called
practical life stiff more necessary. Out of terms he siHjnt
his time in I^sswiide Cottage, on Oie Esk, within six
miles of Edinburgh, and amidst Ik .utiful scenes and a
happy domestic life took up the interests that led to his
career of letters, and, later on, to ti*e abandonment of the
law. At the close of 1799 he received the appointment of
Sheriff of Selkirkshire through the influence of the head of
his house, the Duke of Buccleuch, and could feel the in-
dependence that a settled income affords. At that time he
had already made his first beginnings as a poet.

In 1788 Henry Mackenzie lectured on German literature

LiPB or HiB Waltkh Scott.

Ill I ""y I ' *ni-''

1351

HAIXT MARY'S AIHLB, DRVBUROIt ABBRY. IN WHICH 18 BCOTT'H TtJMa

ut K(liiil)iirgh, Hiul iiitr(Hlii<x«l a new struam of intellectiml
interest into the life of tlie tiorthein Athens. Scott was
one of the leaders in tliis new study, and, Ijeeoining in-
terested in liOrger's ballad of Lenure, wrote a version one
night of Ai)ril, ITiJG. This lie followed with a translation
of littrger's Wild J/unfsmati, and the two balhwls were
printed in Edinburgh in October, 17K6.

I^wis prevailed uiKjn Skott in 170G to contribute to his
7\des of Wonder, and to publish a version of (j(K;the's
early drama, G'Htz von Jkrlichimjen, the theme of which
esiK-cially api)ealed to Scott's sympathy. From translation
to imitation is but a step, and we may l»egin Scott's
original verse with aievtinln*, a ballad the scenery of
which he drew from the district afterwards made famous
in The Lady of the Luke. A 8e.;(jnd ballad. The Eve of

136

LiFK or Sib Walter Scott.

St^ Jtthn, in truer in i)c.etic touch. Tlien Catlyow CoMtU,
by virtue of \U mpidity of nioveiueut and delight in
nuirMhalliiig in aniiM, IwKJns the Scott that we now know.
A literary undertiiking of a more imiiortant character was
the puhlimtion in 1802 of The Mimhrhy of the Sct>tti»h
lUmltt, for which Stott't* tastes and (xTUjiationH since l)oy-
ho<Hl had jieculiarly fitted him. Tfus Mimtrehy was a
ilistiuKuished success, and hjid in it "the elements of a
hundred historical romances," from which, in many direc-
tions, his works were to flow for many years to come.

Fortune c») operated in Scott's favor at this time to give
him not only a new theme of ixietry, but a fit measure
for its expression. Lady Dalkeith had no sooner enjoined on
him the task of making a ballad on the local legend of
Gilpin Horner than he gained a notio', of the fine metrical
exiHjriment of Coleridge ir his Chr^yMbel. The iK)em
rapidly outgrew its ballad origin, so that when at last it
appeared, in 1805, it was as a metrical romance in six
cantos, sung by the sole surviving singer of an older day—
Tlie Lay of the L<at Minstrel.

The great success of T/ui Lay Mas not luiwarranted by
its merit, and it was followed in 1808 by Marmiim ; The
Lady of the Lake, in 1810; Don Hoilerick, in 1811; Jioke-
ly, his last inii)ortant i)oetical work, in 1813, and The
Bridal of 2'riertnain, which belongs to the same year. The
Lord of the Isles was jmblished in 1816, and JIarold the
Dauntless in 1817, which completes the well-known series
of Scott's i)oems.

Meanwhile Byron, with a fascinating i)ersoi>ality and
fresh themes of verse, had captured the public ear, and
in 1822, in the full tide of other successes, Scott bade
farewell to his muse.

Even better known than his poetry, possessing much
higher power in the delineation of manners, in the creation

Lii'K or HiR Wai.tkii Hi^i-rr.

137

of cImnu'U'r, in Shiikc«ntM iaii |»i«-tim'H of humor uimI »yii|.
Iiathy, ami in wi<le iind living' It'urninj;, aro tlio wiit-n of
twenty-nine novt'lH iK'Kun hy Wai'trlei/, IHli. In tli.it ynir
"Scott Htrurk out a new |»iith in whi«li ncitlu'r llyion
nor any otlii-r living man cn\x\d ketp |«uo with him."
Tho famous Wavcrli-y Xovt'ls ajuieaml at the rate of ono
and HometinifH even three ea<'h year down to iHHi. Their
inunediato HUccesM was enorniouH, and Seott'.s [.roHt.s were
.s<Hm Hufficient to enal.Ie Iiini to realize his amhition of
founding a family e.stat.'. Ho acquired farm after fann
and built AhlM.tsford. Hut his proud an<l romantie dream
was rudely disjielled l»y the ^reat financial crisis <.f I8:>r>,
which caused tho failure of ("onsUhJe's |Mil)lishin« house!
The firm of liallantyno and ConiiMiny was involved with
thorn and drag^red down to ruin. In the latter comimny
Scott ha«l Ikjou a silent iKirtiier since IHOO, and now lie
found himself, in January, lH-2(], res|M.n.sil,k' lor 1'II7,(M»0.
"Had he chosen to act in the manner (oninionly a.h.pted
l)y commercial insolvents, the inatt.r woul.l have k-en settled
in a very short time. However, h.. n-ard.-d the emharr.iss-
mont of his c.mmercial firm with the feelings, not of a
merchant, hut of a gentleman. He thonght that by
devoting the rest (.f his life to tho service of his creditors
he couhl, in the upshot, pay the last farthing he owed
them."

With unrivalled j.o\ver, in<lustry, and unflinching resolu-
tion Sci)tt fought the long battle against insolvency. " He
I«iid the iHJnalty of health and life, but ho saved his
honor and his self-resiK3ct."' On April 3rd, 1820, Sir
Walter writes in his diary: "L have the extraordinary and
gratifying news that Wf^MlshH- is .s.,ld for i;8,22H; all
ready money— a matchless .sjilc f<,r less than tlneo months'
work." In this dark year of i -ouble Udy Scott die.l on
May 14th. Five years later Sir Walter had reduced liis

1S8

Lir« or KiB Wai.tkh Htott.

liabilitiuH onu-half; Imt the toil mim kiUiiiK him. The nine
voluineH of ]iiH Li/e of Xitfutlenn wuro out iii 1H27, ami
OMayx, reviewM, hiMtoriuH, luttvns tileit were iHMtiud at hitt
highoMt Hiieetl. In the niiilMt of hix toil, Fubriuiry lAth,
1830, he full HiieuchluMM in a htnike of iMimlyxiK. Fitit of
apoplexy and ixirulyHiH (M'curred for many montliH, and on
Septemlier 2lHt, 1H32, tim end came. He lireathud hiHlaMt
at Ab)K)tMford in Hi^ht of the Itelovfd Tweud, with hin four
Rons and two dauKhtiTM lH;side him. ThuH full the night
on an unfin' hed bat heroic lalntr. However, it Ih Hatinf«u'tory
to know that in 1847 the hixt farthing of the debt wax
paid to his cruditoni. Hitt iMMly Wiut hiid ItcHide the dust
of hi» wife in Dryburgh Abl»ey, whcwo gray walls arc
visible from the crags of >Sandy-Kii<)>\e.

Uhkat Kvkntn ov H<'«»ri'H Ij

9%.

139

(JIIKAT KVKNTS ()K SCOTT'S JJKR

AUK.

Durn at I>:dinhargh, August 16 1771

8 Knterud Idlmburgh High ScIum.I, Oct«»bfr . . . IT79

12 Entored EilinJmrgh Univertlty, November . . 1788

16 Approntiootl to his fathor, May 179^

21 CalM to the Bar, July 1792

First Rxpoditiun into Uddes«lalu ; studies (Jornian —
26 l»ublication of Ballafls trauxlated from Bilrgor,

Octul>er •......., i7fljj

2« Married Miss Margarot ('liarl(»tto Carpenter, Decem-

^*'24 1797

28 Published translation of f/o*'/; „/ ihi /nm Ifnud

(Cjoethu), February I799

First original ballads, GluijiiUuM, Kir o/St. Juhii, etc. —
AppointodSheriff of Selkirk, Deconilwr . . . _

81 Tht MuutnJxu of the. Scottish IJonlttr published, Jan nary 1802

84 The Lay tfthe Lwtt MinMrd publishwl, January . 1805

38 Becanio silent partner with John Ballantyno &, Co. 1809

■11 Bemoved to Ablwtsford, May I8I2

43 Wawrley, the first of the famous novels, published,

J"'y 1814

Commercial panic ; financial crisis .... 1825
55 Constable and the Ballantynes insolvent, January

and February 1826

Death of Lady Scott, May 11 _

Reprint of his works, with explanatory introduc-
tions and notes historical and antiquarian . 1880

First stroke of paralysis, February 16 . . .

Residence in Malta and Italy, autumn . . . 1881

61 Died at Abbotsford, September 21 ... . 1832

140

Li8T OF 8cori s CiiiKF Works.

LIST OF SCOTT'S CHIEF WOIJKS.

The Lay of the liaat Minstrel 1805

Marmion 1808

Life and "Workj of Drytlcn

The Lady o' the Lake 1810

Vision of Dim Roderick 18ii

Hokeby 1312

Life and Works of Swift I8I4

Waverley. ...

The Lord of the Isles I8I5

Guy Mannering

The Antiquary I81H

The Black Dwarf _

Old Mortality _

Bob Boy , . . . 1817

The Heart of Mid-Lothiau ...... 1818

Bride of Lam meriuuor ■•...,. 1819

Legend of Montrose

Ivanhoe

The Monastery 1820

The Abbot * _I

Lives of the Novelists ...

Konilworth . . 1821

Fortunes of Nigel 1822

Peverii of the Peak 1823

Quentin Durward

Bedgauntlet 1824

The Talisman 1825

Letters of Malachi Malagrowther I82fi

Woodstock

Life of Napoleon 1827

Tales of a Grandfather- First Series ....

The Fair Maid of Perth 1828

Tales of a Grandfather — Second Series ...

Tales of a Grandfather— I'hird Series .... 1829

Count Bobert of Paris 1831

Castle Dangerous

CoNTKMPOP.AKY AUTIIOUS AND EvENTM.

141

COXTEMPOllAHY AUTHORS AND EVENTS.

CONTKMIf)K.\RY
AUTIIOMti.

JOHN
WESLEY.
1703-1791.

SAMUEL
JOHNSON.

1709-1784.

DAVID HUME.
1711.177().

THOMAS
GRAY.

1716-1771.

HORACE
WALPOLE.

1717-1797.

TOBIAS
SMOLF.ETT.

1721-1^71.

Works.

H^-mna and
Joamal.

Sermons,

Wrote for the Rambler,
Idler; and A Life of
Savage, Dictionary of
the English Language.
London,Rasgelas, Jour-
ney to the Hebrides,
Lives of the Poets.

A Treatise of Human Na-
ture, Moral and Philo-
sophical Essays, Politi-
cal Discourses, History
of England.

The Eh'gy, The Progress
of Poesy, The Bard,
Ode to Spring, Ode t«
Adversity, Ode on a
Distant Prospect of
Eton.

Letters and Memoirs,
The Castle of Otranto.

Roderick Random, Pere-
j grine Pickle. Humph-
I rey Clinker. History of
England, Edited Criti-
cal Review.

KVKNTS.

Cjueen Anne,

1702.

Battle of Blen-
heim, 1704.

Gibraltar taken,
1704.

Union of Eng-
landand Scot-
land, 1707.

George I., 1714.
Rebellion in
Scotland,

1715.

WILLIAM I Commentaries on tlic
BLACKSTONE. | Laws (.f England.
1723-1780. j

ADAM SMITH. | The Wealth of Nations,
1723-1790. ! 'I'l'e Theory of Moral
' Sentiments.

South-Sea Bub-
ble bursts,

1220.

142

Contemporary Authors and Events.

CONTBMPORARV

AirnioRs.

OLIVER
GOLDSMITH.
1728-1774.

Works.

EVKNTS.

THOMAS
PEBCY.

1728-1811.

THOMAS
WARTON.

1728-1790.

EDMUND
BURKE.

1780-1797.

WILLIAM
COWPER.

1781-1800.

ERASMUS
DARWIN.

1782-1802.

EDWARD
GIBBON.

1787-1794.

JAMES
MACPHERSON.
1788-1796.

The Traveller, The De-
serted Village, Retalia-
tion, The Vicar of
Wakefield, The Good-
Natured Man, She
Stoops to Conquer. Ani-
mated Nature, Histor-
ies of England, Rome,
Greece, Citizen of the
World.

Reliques of English
Poetry.

The Pleasures of Melan-
choly, History of Eng-
lish Poetry.

The Vindication of Na-
tural Society, Essay on
the Sublime and Bieau-
tiful, Reflection on the
Revolution in France,
Letters on a Regicide,
Peace.

Truth, Table-talk, Ex- 1
postulation, Error,!
Hope, Charity, John
Gilpin,TheTask, trans-
lation of Homer, Let-
ters.

The Botanic Garden .

The Decline and Fall of
the Roman Empire.

Fingal and Temora.

George II.. 1727.

CONTEUPORAKY AUTHORS AND EvKNTS.

143

('ontkmporabv
Authors.

SIR PHILIP
FRANCIS

(JUNIUS).

1740-1818.

JAMES
BOSWELL.

1740-1795.

WILLIAM
PALEY.

1743-1805.

JEREMY
BENTHAM.

1747 1832.

RICHARD B.
SHERIDAN.

1751-1817.

DUaALD
STEWART.
•1753-1828.

(iEORGE
CRABBE.

1754-1832.

ROBERT BURNS.
1759-17W.

ROBERT HALL.
1764-1831.

ADAM CLARKE.
176(>-ia^2.

VVORKS.

KVKNTH.

Letters of Junius.

Life of Johnson.

Elements of Moral and
Political Philosophy,
Hone Paulinae, Evi-
dences of Christianity,
iVatural Theology.

Fragment on Govern-
ment, and numerous
writings on Law and
Politics.

The Rivals, The School
for Scandal, The
Duenaa, The ('ritic.

Philosophy of the Human
Mind, Moral Phil-
osophy.

The Library, The Vil-
lage, The Parish Regis-
ter, The Borough, The
Tales of the Hall.

Tarn O'Rhanter, To a
Daisy, to a Mouse, The
Cotter's Saturday
Night, The Jolly Beg-
gars.

Sermons.

Commentaries on the
Biblo.

Rebellion in
Scotland,
1745.

(/live in India,
1750-«W.

Earthquake nt
Lisbon, 1755.

Black Hole at
Calcutta,
1756.

George III.,
1760.

144

Contemporary Authors and Events.

Contemporary
autiioks.

ROBERT
BLOOMFIELD.
1766-1823.

MARIA
EDGE WORTH.

1767-1848.

AMELIA OPIE.
1769-18r)3.

WILLIAM
WORDSWORTH.
1770-1850.

JAMES
MONTGOMERY.

1771-1854.

JOHN LINGARD.
1771-1851.

SAMUEL T.
COLERIDGE.

1772-1884.

ROBERT
SOUTHEY.

1774-1843.

THOMAS
MOORE.

1779-1852.

Works.

Tho Farmer's Boy, Rural
Tales, May-day with
the Muses.

Castle Rackrent, Popular
Tales, Leonora, Tales
of Fashionable Life,
Patronage.

Father and Daughter,
Tales cf the Heart,
Temper.

An Evening Walk, De-
scriptive Sketches, Tho
Fxcursion, The White
I^«)e of Rylstone, Son-
nets, Laodamia, etc.

Greenland, The Pelican
Island, The Wanderer
in Switzerland, Prison
Amusements, The
World before the Flood.

History of England.

EVENTB.

Napoleon and
Wellington
born, 1769.

Ode to the Departing
Year, The Rime of the
Anoyent Marinere,
Christabel, Genevieve.
Lectures on Shake-
speare, Biographia Lit-
eraria.

Wat Tyler, Thalaba, The
Curse of Kehama, Rod-
erick, Vision of Judg-
ment, Lives of Wesley,
Cowper, etc.

rri«h Melodies, Lalla
Rookh, The Fudge
Family in Paris, The
Epicurean.

SIB WALTER
SCOTT, born
1771.

Warren Hast-
ings in India,
17/2-85.

American De-
claration of
Independence
1776.

Alliance of
France and
America,
1778.

French Revolu-
tion begun in
1789.

Bastille over-
thrown, 1789.

Cape of Good
Hope taken,
1795.

Bonaparte in
Italy, 1796.

Contemporary Authors and Evknts.

145

Contemporary
autiiokh.

THOMAS
DE QUINCEY.
1785-1859.

LORD BYRON
(Oeoruk Gordon).

1788-1824.

PERCY BY8SH15
SHELLEY.

1792-1822.

JOHN KEATS.
1795-1821.

THOMAS
CARLYLE.

1795-1881.

LORD
MACAULAY

(Thomas
Babinoton).

1800-1859.

LORD LYTTON
(EowAUO Bulwer).

1808-1873.

LORD
TENNYSON

(Alfred
Tennyson).

1809-1892.
10

Works.

Confesaioiis of an English
Opium-Eater.

Hours of Idleness, Eng-
lish Bards and Scotch
Reviewers, Childo Har-
old's Pilgrimage, He-
brew Melodies.

Qaeen Mab, Prometheus
Unbound, Ode to the
Skylark, The Cioud,
Adonais.

Poems, Endymion, Hy-
perion.

German Romances, Sar-
tor Resartus, The
French Revolution,
Heroes and Hero- Wor-
ship, Past and Present,
Cromwell's Letters and
Speeches, Life of Fred-
erick the Great.

Milton, Lays of Ancient
Rome, History of Eng-
land.

Ismael and other Poems,
Eugene Aram, Last
Days of Pompeii, The
Caxtons, My Novel,
Poems.

Poems, In Memoriam,
Maud, Idylls of the
King, Queen Mary,
Becket.

KVKNTM.

Battle of the
Nile, 1798.

Union of Great
Britain and
Ireland, 18U1.

Trafalgar and
Nelson, 18U5.

Peninsular
War, 1808-14.

Napoleon's In-
vasion of
Russia ; Mos-
cow burnt,
1812.

War with Unit-
ed States,
1812-14.

Battle of Water-
loo, 1815.

George IV. as-
cends the
throne, 1820.

Greek War of
Freedom,
1822-29.

Byron in
Greece, 1823-
24.

Catholic Eman-
cipation, 1829.

William IV. as-
cends the
throne, 1830.

The Reform
Bill, 1882.

AN ANCIENT CASTLK.

NOTES.

Tlie. Lay of the, LnM ^f!n.'<frrf was issued in January-, 1S05, and
opened with tho short preface liero quoted : —

SCOTT'S PREFACE.

" The poem now offered to tho public is intended to illustrate
the customs and manners which anciently prevailed on the
Borders of England and Scotland. The inhabitants, living in a
state partly pastoral and partly warlike, and comhining habits
of constant depredation with the influence of a rude spirit of
chivalry, were often engaged in scenes highly susceptible of
poetical ornament. As the description of scenery and manners
was more the object of the Author than a combined and regular
narrative, the plan of the Ancient Metrical Bomance was
adopted, which allows greater latitude in this respect than
would be consistent with the dignity of a regular Poem. The
same model offered other facilities, as it permits an occasional
alteration of measure which in some degree authorizes the
change of rhythm in the text. Tho machinery also, adopted
from popular belief, would have scorned puerile in a Poem
which did not partake of tlie rudeness of the oM Ballad or
Metrical Bomaiicn.

146

TiiK Lay op the Last Minhtrkl.

147

" For these reasons the poem was put in tho month of an
ancient Minstrel, the last of the race, who, as he is supposed to
have survived the Revolution, might have caught somewhat of
tho refinement of modern poetry without losing the simplicity
of his original model. Tho date of the Talo itself is al)out the
middle of the sixteenth century, when most of tlio per^tonages
actually flourished. The time occupied by the action is Three
Nights and Three Days."

TIME-ANALYSIS.

The introduction or prelude makes us acquainted with the
ajjed minstrel from whose lips we are to receive tho narrative.
The poem opens with a sketch of the interior of Branksome
Castle on the afternoon of the first day. The collo«iiiy be-
tween the Spirit of the Flood and the Spirit of tho Fell, to-
gether with the ride of William Deloraine to Melrose Abbey,
occupy the evening and night of tho first day. At dawn on the
morning of the second day De' ' aine leaves Melrose Abbey
with the mystic book taken from Michael Scott's tomb pressed
to his bosom, and begins his return journey. On the way he
meets Lord Henry Cranstoun, fights with him, is wounded and
carried to Branksome by Lord Henry's dwarf. The miscliiev-
ous dwarf leads the boy, young Buccleuch, into the woods,
where the English make him prisoner. The dwarf returns to
tho castle and Lady Buccleuch attends to Deloraine, using
magic to heal his hurt. In the evening the signal fires in the
south give warning that the English are coming on a foray,
and preparations are made to meet them \. ith suiHcient force.

On the third day Watt Tinlinn comes at daybreak from tho
Liddel-side to Branksome with tidings of the English raid.
Three hours later "throe thousand armed Snglishmon" ar-
rive at the castle. Shortly a single combat is arranged for
between the Scotch Deloraine and the Englisli Musgrave, to
take place next morning " at the fourth hour from the peep of
dawn"; the " prize of the field the young Buccleuch." The
rest of the day was spent " without a threat, without a frown,"
in social intercourse between the two armies.

The fourth day opens with the combat. Cran.stoun, dis-
guised as Deloraine, fights the duel for him against the English
Musgrave, and the latter is slain. Cranstoun reveals himself,
and the Lady of Buccleuch, delighted to receive back hor

148

Noi'KS.

oaptWe boy, withdraws her objections to Lord llenry'ii match
with her daughter Margaret, famed for her lieauty. "The
■pouial rites were ended eoon,** and the rest of the day passes in
feast and song. In the afternoon, *' long before the sinking
day,** ** a wondrous shade involved them all. ... A flash
of lightning oame*'and " the elfish dwarf was seen no more."
Thus end the " Three Nights and Three Days."

LORD JEFFREY'S ANALYSIS OF THE LAY.

Sir Walter Scott of Bucoleuch, the Lord of Branksome, was
slain in a skirmbh with the Cam about the middle of the
sixteenth century. He left a daughter of matchless beauty, an
infant son, and a high-minded widow, who, though a very
virtuous and devout person, was privately addicted to the study
of magic, in which she had been initiated by her father. Lord
Cranstoun, their neighbor, was at feud with the whole clan of
Scott, but had fallen desperately in love with the daughter,
who returned his passion with equal sincerity and ardor,
though withheld by her duty to her mother from uniting her
destiny with his.

Canto L — The poem opens with a description of the warlike
establishment of Branksome Hall, and the firs^t incident that
occurs is a dialogue between the Spirits of the adjoining
mountain and river, who, after consulting the stars, declare
that no good fortune can ever bless the mansion " till pride be
quelled and love be free." The lady, whose forbidden studies
had taught her to understand the language of such speakers,
overhears their conversation, and vows, if possible, to retain
her purpose in spite of it. She calls a gallant knight of her
train therefore, and directs him to ride immediately to the
Abbey of Melrose, and there to ask from the Monk of St. Mary's
Aisle the mighty book that was hid in the tomb of the Wizard,
Michael Scott. The remainder of the first canto is occupied
with the night journey of the warrior.

Canto II. — When he delivers his m' sage the monk appears
filled with consternation and terror, but leads him at last
through many galleries and chapels to the spot where the
wizard was interred, and, after some account of his life and
character, the warrior heaves up f . < tombstone, and is dazzled

TiiK Lay op thk Laht Mixbtrrl.

149

by the stream injj splendor f»f an ever-burning lamp, which
illuminates the H»pulnhre of the enchanter. With trambling
hand he tiikos the book from the tide of the deceased, and
hurries homo with it in his bosom. In the meantime Lorf
Cranstoun and the lovely Margaret have mot at dawn in the
woods adjacent to the ca«tle, and are repeating their vows of
true love, when they are startled by the approach of a horse-
man. The lady reti>.at8 and the lover rides a way.

Canto III.— Aflvancing, he finds it to be the messenger from
Brunksomv with whom, as an hereditary enemy, he thinks it
necessary to enter immediately into combat. The poor knight,
fatigued with his nocturnal adventures, is dismounted at the
firnt ah' "k, and falls desperately wounded to the ground, while
Lord Cranstoun, relenting to the kitisman of his beloved, directs
his page to attend him to the castle, and gallops home before
any alarm can be given. Lord Cranstoun's page is something
unearthly. It is a little missh pen dwarf whom he found one
day when he was hunting in a solitary glen, and took home
with him. It never speaks, except now and then to cry •' Lost !
lost ! lost ! " and is, on the whole, a hateful, malicious little
urchin, with no one good quality but his unaccountable at-
tachment and fidelity to his master. This personage, on ap-
proaching the wounded Borderer, discovers the mighty book in
his bosom, which he finds some difficulty in opening, and has
hardly had time to read a single spell in it when he is struck
down by an invisible hand, and the clasps of the magic volume
shut suddenly more closely than over. This one spell, however,
enables him to practise every kind of illusion. He lays the
wounded knight on his horse and leads him into the castle,
while the warders see nothing but a wain of hay. He throws
him down un perceived at the door of the lady's chamber, and
turns to make good his retreat. In passing through the court,
however, he sees the young heir of Buccleuch at play, and,
assuming the form of one of his companions, tempts him to go
out with him to the woods, whore, as soon as they pass a
rivulet, he assumes his own shape and bounds away. The
bewildered child is met by two English archers, who make prize
of him and carry him off, while the goblin page returns to the
castle, where he personates the young baron to the great an-
noyance of the whole inhabitants. The lady finds the woonded

150

Notes.

knight, and eagerly ompluyM charniR for hi« recovery, that a' )
may learn the story of the diaaster. The lovely Margaret in
the meantime is sitting in her turret ga4.ing on the wuHtorn
star and musing on the scenes of the morning, when she din-
cuvors the blazing beacons that announce the approach of an
English enemy. Thealarm is immediately given, and bustling
preparations made throughout the mansion fur defence.

Canto IV.— The English force, under the command of the
Lords Howard and Dacre, speedily appears before the castle,
leading with them the young Bucoleuch, and propose that the
lady should either give up Sir William of Deluraine(who had
been her messenger to Melrose), as having incurred the guilt
of March treason, or receive an English garrison within her
walls. She answers, with much spirit, that her kinsman will
clear himself of the imputation of treason by single combat,
and that no toe shall ever get admittance into her fortresx.
The English lords being secretly apprised of the approach of
powerful succors to the besiogod, agree to the proposal of the
combat, and stipulate that the buy shall be restored to liberty
or detained in bondage according to the issue of the battle.
The lists are appointed for the ensuing day, and a trucu liuiug
proclaimed in the meantime, the opposing bauds mingle in
hospitality and friendship.

Canto V.--Deloraiue being wounded was expected to ap-
pear by champion, and some contention arises fur the honor of
that substitution. This, however, is speedily terminated by a
person in the armor of the warrior himself, who encounters
the English champion, slays him, and leads the captive young
chieftain to the embraces of his mother. At this moment
Deloraine himself appears, half clothed and unarmed, to claim
the combat which has terminated in his ' >sence ; and all flock
around the stranger who has personated him so successfully.
He unclasps his helmet, and behold i Lord Cranstoun of
Teviotdale ! The lady, overcome with gratitude, and the re-
membrance of the Spirit's prophecy, consents to forego tlie
feud, and to give the fair hand of Margaret to the enamoured
baron.

Canto VI.— The rites of betrothment are then celebrated
with great magnificence, and a splendid entertainment given

pKKI.UhK.

151

to all tiio Knglinh ait<l Soottixli cliiurtains whom th« alarm had
asaumbled ut Brauktomo. Lortl OaiistouirM page play*
several unlucky tricks during the fo«»».ival, uud brueds some dis-
suasion among tho warriors. To Hootho their ireful nuiod the
minstrels are intru^lucud, who recite throe ballad pieces of con-
siderable merit. Just a^ their suugs are ended a supernatural
darkness spreads itself through tho hall; a tremendous flash
of lightning and poul of thunder unsue, which break just on
the spot where the goblin page had been Heated, who is heard
to soy "Found! found! found!" ond is no more to be seen
when the darkness clears away. Tho wliole party is chilled
with terror at this extraordinary incident, and Deloraine pro-
tosts that he distinctly saw tho figure of the ancient wizard,
Michael Scott, in tho middle of the lightning. The lady re-
nounces for over the unhallowod study of magic ; and all tho
chiuftains, struck with awe and constornatiun, vow to make a
pilgrimage to Melrose to implore rest and forgiveness for the
spirit of tho dopartod sorcoror. With the description of thu
ceremony tho Minstrel closed his lay.

— Kdiiihunjh Rn'kw, Feb., 1806.

ANNOTATIONS.

The final edition of Scott's works was carefully revised by
his owu hand, and a largo number of explanatory notes wore
added. Those relating to Tht. Lay oftht Last MliiMrd are here
given pretty fully, so that tho student may receive the author's
olucidations at first hand.

PRELUDE.

The metre of this introduction or prelude is iamlnc, with four
accents in each line. The octodyllahic couplet, with occasional
slight variations, is tho verse employed throughout The Lay.
Occasionally the rhymes aro dou))tful, somearo altogether bad.
Thus page 10, lines 5, 6, ijom is made to rhyme with throne ;
page 12, 3 and 4, Ooil an<l v<fc. Nevertheless, tho vigorous
V)oat of Scott's lines and tiic energetic flow of the verse com-
pensate most readers for the occasional imperfections in the
ihymes and the ahscjico of finer musical qualities, such as
abound in the poetry of Byron and Tennyson.

The beginning of tho poem ii characteristic. We find no
long-drawn preamble; tho poot plunges atonce into the subject,

153

Notes.

•nd mainUini the rapidity and «wing <>t the initial line*
with wonderful variety and power throui^huut moat of ttte
poem.

Note the extreme oase chomn to exciti>i i y i r the bard.
Compare, "Thore waH a dead man ciirrie ' /, ri,>, 'heoalyiion
of hiH muthur, and nhu watt a widow."

P«ffe O, 2.— The Minstrel. liixhopT.M.y m }

q/'A'N2//MA /'oe/;y, I705,maintained that thu V >iriu'

in anciunt timet was an honorable one, tha he w i.-: u

singer but also a poet, componing the song ^hat he

iilnstrel
't only a
to the

4lli

accumpaniin t of his harp, and that it wat* only in lutor times
thot he wa olassed with "rogues, va^'abonds, and hturdy
beggars." On the other hand Bitson maintained that the
minstrels were merely strolling musicians and were never
held in hiy;h esteem and honor. In the introduction to the
Border Mimare/^i/ Scott gives his own thoughts on the subject,
and agrees with Percy's account rather than with Ritson's.
He takes a middle view, believing that there were minstrels
of different degrees, and accordingly he describes his minstrel
as having once " known a better day," though now compelled
to beg and " please a peasant's ear." Compare miiutrel, bard,
gleenutii, ncald, jtwt, tninneiiinyer, and troubadaur.

8.— Border Chivalry. Scott's preface says the poem "Is
Intended to illu...rate the customs and manners which
anciently prevailed on the Borders of England and

Scotland '* ; but he has really given a conventional poetic
picture in which the influence of the artificial school of Pope
may still be traced.

9. — Well-a-day. A corruption of welaway, from A. 8. wa !
la ! wa !— woe 1 lo ! woe ! — an expression of sorrow and regret ;
date here means time, age ; properly an epoch or point of
time. " Poetry delights in old forms and meanings."

18. — palflrey. A hybrid word, meaning a riding horse.

14,— carolled. Carol meant originally a dance, then a
song, especially one expressive of joy. Tht derivation is
uncertain. Skeat says it is " clearly Celtic," while Murray
says that a "Celtic origin is clearly out of the question.''

PKKLUIIK.

153

WeUh Carol, Armrni*, A'onV/, O. Pr. CnnJr. Tho alHtoratlon
of thew hnea bocu.ne-* more appantiit if we Hiip,.n»H tho
vowel* and f«iok at tho ouu8Qnnnt« aloiio: lino |5<, «, m, r, n,
t», n, ng, p. I, f, r, l», r, n, where we ftnd t«n /.'vm/V/ m>un,
h. k, k, eight /iV/m/,/ 9«mnd», and the tUnMf conibinati,.u d, t,
I, t. If wo study tho HiicoesHion of vowoIh we find a reonrnnee
..f similar sounds. In pajjo 10, II. I and 2. we fin.l the
guttural alliterationH miiru^l, r«,7w,/, /„,,/,, „,,//, ,j„,,f, i„ ^r
imitation of the harp music of the minstrel thia cum/Jcx
alliteration in appropriate and effective.

Paflre 10,2.-Hlfirh-place(I In hall. Ac«onl,..i an hon. -rable
position in the public ro„f„ of thi- uastlo. Tho private room
or boudoir wos the •' b»>wei "

8.— Unpremeditated. \ ry often the minstrel wouM enter-
tain the company with a poetical account of the day's proce...!-
ings. sports, hunting, etc., improvised for tlio occasion. Whon
William I. loft Normandy to invade Knghmd, ho took with him
Taillifer, the bard, *<> sing a chanson of the conquest.

6.— Stranger. William Iir. The wordgivrs a hint oi tho
strong Jacobite feelingtbat suits the c-.harncter of tl.o minstrol.
The line also fixes the age to which tho minstrol ]>ol«.ngs. On
page 12 wo find he had played before Chail.s I. rFn lf;38
or 1641), and the time of this recitation must b • about I'iOO.

7.— The Iron Time. The time of tho Puritan C.mmon-
wealth. Probably there is an allusion hero to the famous
Ordinance of 165fi, which enacted that if any " i-orson or p. rsoLs
commonly called Pidlers or Minstrels shall ata.iy time bo t ik. n
playing, fidling, or making music in any Inn, Al >iouse or
Tavern or shall be taken proffering themselves, or dusirinpr or
intreating any .... to hear tl.em play or mak- ni isic
m any of the places aforesaid, every such person or per-ouy so
taken shall be adjudged, and are hereby adjudged and d-ol od
to be rogues, vagabonds, and sturdy beggars." The b. .1 ,as
lived through the reigns nf Charles T., Charles II., and Jo., as
ii., and now sees his old enemies again supreme in power.

13.— Newark's stately tower. A massive square tower
ouilt by James II. , and now in ruin;^. It is al)out throe miles

154

Notes.

from Selkirk on the ri^t bank of the Yarrow, a rapid torrent
which juias tlie Ettrick about a mile below the castle. It came
■■to the hands of the Bucclouch family after the battle of
Flodden, and was just outside the grounds of Bowhill, the resi-
dence of Lady Dalkeith, who suggested to Scott the subject
of The Lay. The poem is dedicated to the Karl of Dalkeith,
afterwards Duke of Buccleuch, and it is in compliment to the
family that Newark is selected as the place where the aged
minstrel delivers his recitation.

Pag-e 11, 2. — embattled.

Provided with battlements, notched
parapets separated by openings.

?>.— massy. Poetic diction for
massive. Compare bussy.

Poetic inversion. Compare 11. 2,
9, 15, etc.

iron door. The epithet describes the heavily ironed door,
but also suggests the hard-hearted owner who would sternly
close the door against the appeal of those in want.

7.— The Duchess. Anne, the first Duchess of Buccleuch
and of Monmouth; widow of James, Duke ot uionmouth, who
was defeated at Sedgemoor and executed in 1685. There is a
tradition that she was born at Newark Castle.

9. —page. A lad or youth who waits on persons of rank ;
menials, household servants, domestics.

Pa«re 12, 2.— Earl Francis. Was Earl of Buccleuch and
father of the Duchess Anne. His name was Francis Scott, and
Professor Minto remarks : "Scott, as the modern poet laureate
of the Scott kindred, kept everything as it were within the
leading family."

^. — Earl Walter. A celebrated warrior, father of the above
Earl, grandfather of the Duchess.

0.— Buccleuch. Is literally Buck-cleuch, glen or ravine.
Tradition states that John Scott, the founder of the family,
gained the favor of King Kenneth MacAlpin by an exhibition
of strength. He seized by the horns a huge buck that stood at
bay in a glen, threw him over his shoulder and with his burden

Pkeluok.

155

ran about a mile up a stoep hill and laid the buck at the
sovereign's feet. But very likely in this, as in many other
instances, the name suggested the invention of the legend.
7.— If the noble Duchess would care to listen, etc.
10.— Sooth. Truth, A.S. Soth; -^ -- , ' |||i
13.— boon. Originally a prayer, petition, or request. In
the phrase "a boon com{)auiou " we have an entirely different
word. See diet.

15.— room of state. Hall or reception room.

17.— " Perchance Scott more than once, after undertaking to
write a ballad about Gilpin Horner at the request of the
Countess, repented in like manner of his rashness."— Minto.

20. -security to please. Confidence tliat he can please.
The bard had a doubt and did not feel sure of pleasing his
auditors. Some critics discover this hesitancy or faltering of
the minstrel throughout the poem.

22.— wildering. Bewildering, perplexing, confusini?, puzz-
ling.

23. — heart. Courage to go on.

2(!. -according glee. A joyous strain, UtmliiKj hannoniow-
ly with the rest of the music.

28.— full fain. He would r,ry ,,hi,Uy recall it if he could.

30. -thought to sing. He never had expected to sing the
old music again.

31. — churls. Villagers, peasants.

33.— Charles I. was crowned at Holyrood, June, 1633, and
visited Edinburgh again in 1(>41 for the purpose of establishing
the episcopal form of worship. It is iw.aginable that he found
leisure to receive minstrels. Forty or fifty years have now
elapsed and the minstrel has experienced many changes since
the ,jood days of Charles I. Scott's own bias towards the
Stuarts was hereditary, seeing that his great-grandfather was
called "Beardie," because he would never cut his Iniard after
the expulsion of the Stuart line.

34.— Holyrood. Ai abbey founded in 1128 by David I. The
royal palace adjoining the abbey and built by James IV. and
James V. Rood ; cross, i.e., the Cross of Christ.

156

Notes.

Pagro 13, 8. — His faded ej'e brightened up. Pitt praised
this passage describing the scene between the minstrel and the
ladies, and Scott mentions with evident pleasure the approba-
tion of William Pitt and Charles Fox.

13. — forgot. Short form of forgotten. Similarly gotten is
almost fallen into disuse, being replaced by got^ except in the
New England States, where the obsolescent form is still current.

17. — Scott was careless about details and " was severely lec-
tured by Lewis for the badness of his rhymes."

18. — rung, sung. Since about the 16th century the forms
in U have been often substituted for the proper rang and xang.

19. — Nicol Burne is mijtposed to hare been, in actual fact, " the
latest minstrel." This introduction makes us acquainted with
the Minstrel into whose mouth Scott puts the text of the poem.
The artifice saves him 'rom the necessity of making any pre-
liminary explanation in prose, which might have been rather
awkward.

Jeffrey, the famous critic, places " the introductory and
concluding lines of every canto in the very first rank of
poetical excellence."

CANTO I.

Pagre 14, 1.— The feast was over in Branksome Tower.

In the reign of James I., Sir William Scott of Buccleuch,
chief of the clan bearing that name, exchanged, with Sir
Thomas Inglis of Manor, the estate of Murdiestone, in Lanark-
shire, for one-half of the barony of Branksome, or Brankholm,
lying upon the Teviot, about three miles above Hawick. He
was probably induced to this transaction from the vicinity of
Branksome to the extensive domain which he possessed in
Ettrick Forest and in Teviotdale. In the former district he
held by occupancy the estate of Buccleuch, and much of th»
forest land on the river Ettrick. In Teviotdale he enjoyed the
barony of Eckford, by a grant from Bobert II. to his ancestor,
Walter Scott of Kirkurd, for the apprehending of Gilbert
Bidderford, confirmed by Robert III. , 8rd May, 1424. Tradition
imputes the exchange betwixt Scott and Inglis to a conversation,
in which the latter — a man, it would appear, of a mild and
forbearing nature — complained much of the injuries to whi-:h
he was exposed from the English Borderers, who frequently

Canto I.

157

plundered his lands of Branksomc. Sir William Scott instant-
ly offered him the estate of Murdiestone in exchange for
that which was subject to such egre-jious inconvenience.
When the bargain was completed, he dryly remarked that the
cattle in Cumberlard were as good as those of Teviotdalo, and
proceeded to commence a system of reprisals upon tlio English,
which was regularly pursued by his successors. In the next
reign James II. granted to Sir Walter Scott of Branksoine, and
to Sir David, his son, the remaining half of the barony of
Brauksome, to be held in blanche for the payment of a red
rose. The cause assigned for the grant is their brave and
faithful exertions in favor of the King against the house of
Douglas, with whom James had been recently tugging for the
throne of Scotland. This charter is dated the 2nd February,
1443, and in the same month part of the barony of Langholm,
and many lands in Lanarkshire, were conferred upon Sir
Walter and his son by the same monarch.— Scott.

8.— spell. Form of magic words, an incantation.

4.— Trochaic line. The change of metre exactly suits the
meaning.

5. — This lino is taken from Coleridge's Chris/aM.
fi.— Wlgrht. Creature, man, thing. A.S. in'h^.
8.— idlesse. Hybrid word; A.S. i<M + Fr. sutlix -<mm^. An
imitation of Spenser's artificial archaisms.

9.— squire. A shield-bearer, attendant on a knight. Eng.
enquire; O. Fr. e^ui/er; Lat. smfiim, a shield.

13.— rushy floor. Rushes, hay, or straw strewn on the
floor of the hall served the purpose of carpets in the early days.
A heap of straw or rushes covered with a blanket or cloth
served for a bed in Saxon times.

Pagre 15, 8.— Nine-and-twenty knights. The ancient
barons of Buccleuch, both from feudal splendor and from their
frontier situation, retained in their househo at Branksome a
number of gentlemen of their own name, who held lands from
their chief, foj- the military service of watching and warding
his castle. — Scott.

4.— Hung their shields. Always lived there.
6. —squires of name. Men of noble family.

158

NOTKS.

11}
I

6.— to bower from stall. To the house from the stable.
The bower was the ladies' apurtments.

7. — yeomen. Fighting mon, soldiers.

18.— Poetical exaggeration. The armor was too hoovy for
either man or horse to wear day and night, and the helmnt
was worn only in actual fighting. Here Scott is merely following
the example of the elder bards, and it is nonsense to charge
him with " false antiquarianism,'* for none knew better than
he the usages of the times he is here depicting. The warriors
were ever ready to repel a sudden English raid is the meaning.

16.— corselet The armor protecting the trunk. See cut,
p. 15.

Pagre 16, 1.— buckler. A kind of shield with a boss or
projection in the centre.

4.— helmet barred. The front of the helmet, called the
visor, was movable so that the face might be uncovered.
When the visor was down the soldier breathed and looked
through the bars or the perforations as the case might be.

7.— wight. Active, strong, fit for war. A.S. wi,j, war.

9, - Barded. Provided with armor. Fr. Imrile, horse armor.
See cut, page 24.

10.— with Jedwood-axe. " Of a truth," says Proissart,
•' the Scottish cannot boast great skill with the bow, but rather
bear axes, with which, in time of need, they give heavy
strokes." The Jedwood-axe was a sort of partisan, used by
horsemen, as appears from the arms of Jedburgh, Mhich bear a
cavalier mounted, and armed with this weapon. It is also
called a Jed wood or Jeddart Btaff.— Scott.

13.— dight. Dressrd, decked, prepared. A.S. dihfnn, to set
in order.

21.— Threaten Branksome's lordly towers. Branksome

Castle was continually exposed to the attacks of the English,
both from its situation and the restless military disposition of
its inhabitants, who were seldom on good terms with their
neighbors. — Scxxrr.

22.— Warkworth, etc. " The Borderers on each side had tc
be constantly on the watch against sudden raids from the
other side. Buccleuch was Warden of the West Marches of

Canto I,

159

Scotland. Warhnyrfh, in Nortlmmberlaiid, was tho residence
of Percy, Earl of Nortlmml>erlund ; Xmi-nrfh, in Cuml)6rland,
of Lord William Howard ; CarfUe, of Lord Scroop— Wardens
of tho English Marches. The n.>blemen mentioned were not
all Wardens at the date of the story, but the poet, of course,
did not hold himself bound to exact historical accuracy in such
details. These three were not the only English fortresses from
which inroads were to be feared. There was a regular chain
of fortresses from Berwick to Carlisle, Norham, Wark, Etal,
Ford, Comhill, Twizell, Askerton, Hexham."— Minto.

Pasr© 17, 4.-H0W Lord Walter fell. The. Lay gives
an account of an imaginary episode of the old feud between the
Scotts and the Kcrrs, and Scott explains the origin of this
ancient quarrel between the families as follows :— " Sir Walter
Scott of Buccleuch succeeded to his grandfather. Sir David, in
1492. He was a brave and powerful baron, and Warden of the
West Marches of Scotland. His death was the consequence of
a feud betwixt the Scotts and Kerrs, the history of which
is necessary to explain repeated allusions in the romance.

"In tho year 1526, in the words of Pitscottie, ' the Earl of
Angus, and the rest of the Douglasses, ruled all which they
liked, and no man durst say the contrary ; wherefore tho King
(.lames V., then a minor; was heavily displeased, and would
fain have been out of their hands, if he might by any way : And
to that effect, wrote a quiet and secret letter with hi«ownhand|
and sent it to the Laird of Buccleuch, beseeching him that
he would come with his kin and friends, and all the force that
he might be, and meet him at Melross, at his liome-passing,
and there to take him out of the Douglasses hands, and to put
him to liberty, to use himself among the lave {rnnf) of his lords,
as he thinks expedient.

" • This letter was quietly directed, and sent by one of the
King's own secret servants, which was received very thankfully
by the Laird of Buccleuch, who was very glad tliereof, to be
put to such charges and familiarity with his prince, and did
great diligence to perform the King's writing, and to bring
the matter to pass as the King desired : And, to that effect,
convened all his kin and friends, and all that would do for him.
to ride with him to Melross, when ho kin'w of the King's home-
coming. And so he brought with him six hundred spears, of

160

Notes.

LiddeadalG, and Annandale, and countrymen, and clans there-
about, and hold themselves quiet while that the King returned
out of Jedburgh, and came to Melross, to remain there all that
night.

" 'But when the Lord Hume, Ce9sf(M)rd, and Ferny hirst (the
chiefs of the clan of Kerr), took their leave of the King, and
returned home, then appeared the Lord of Buooleuoh in sight,
and his company with him, in an arrayed battle, intending to
have fulfilled the King's petition, and therefore came stoutly
forward on the back side of Haliden hill. By that the Earl of
Angus, with George Douglas, his brother, and sundry other of
his friends, seeing this army coming, they marvelled what the
matter meant; while at the last they knew the Laird of Buc-
cleuch, with a certain company of the thieves of Annandale.
With him they were less affeared, and made them manfully to
the field contrary them, and said to the King in this manner,
'• Sir, yon is Buccleuch, and thieves of Annandale with him, to
unbesetyour Grace at the gate " (.".c. interrupt your passage).
" I vow to God thoy shall either fight or flee ; and ye shall tarry
here on this know, and my brother George with you, with any
other company you please; and I shall pass, and put yon
thieves off the ground, and rid the gate unto your grace, or else
die for it." The King tarried still, as was devised; and George
Douglas with him, and sundry other lords, such as the Earl of
Lennox, and the Lord Erskine, and some of the King's own
servants ; but all the lave {rent) past with the Earl of Angus to
the field against the Laird of Buccleuch, who joyned and
countered cruelly both the said parties in the field of Darne-
linver, either against other, with uncertain victory. But at
the last, the Lord Hume, hearing word of that matter how it
stood, returned again to tlie King in all possible haste, with
him the Lairds of Cossfoord and Fernyhirst, to the number of
fourscore spears, and sat freshly on the lap and wing of the
Laird of Buccleuch 's field, and shortly bare them backward
to the ground ; which caused the Laird of Buccleuch, and the
rest of his friends, io go back and flee, whom they followed and
chased ; and especially the Lairds of Cessfoord and Fernyhirst
followed f uriouslie, till at the foot of a path tlie Laird of Cess-
foord was slain by the stroke of a spear by an Elliot, who was
then servant to the Laird of Buccleuch. But when the Laird
of Cessfoord was slain, the chase ceased. The Earl of Angus

Canto I.

161

returned again with groat merrinosts and victory, and thanked
fSod tliat ho savod him from that chance, and passed with
the King to Molmss, where they remained all that night.
On the morn they past to Rlinlturgh with the King, who
was vi-ry sad and dolorous of the slaughter of the Laird of
Cessfourd, and many other gentlemen and yeomen slain hy the
Laird of Rucclouch, containing the numlnir of fourscore and
fifteen, wliich died in defence of the King, and at the command
of his writing.'

" fn consequence of tlio liattle of Melrose, there ensued a
deadly feud betwixt the names of Scott and Kerr, which, in
spite of all means used to hring iihout an agreement, raged for
many years ui)on the Borders. Buccleuch was imprisoned, and
his estates forfeited, in the year 1535, for levying war against
the Kerrs, and- restored by act of Parliament, dated 15th March,
1542, during the regency of Mary of Lorraine. But the most
signal act of viohuico, to which this quarrel gave rise, was the
munler of Sir Walt<ir himself, who was slain by tlie Kerrs in
the streets of Edinburgh in 1552. This is the event alluded
to on page 17 ; and the poem is sui)posud to open sh«irtly
after it had taken place.

" The feud between these two families was not reroncilcd in
1596, when both chieftains paraded the sticets of F^linburgh
with their followiMs, and it was expected their first meeting
would decide tiioir(iuarrel. But, on July 11th of the same year,
Colvil, in a letter to Mr. Bacon, informs him, * that there was
great trouble upon the Borders, which would continue till order
should be taken by the Queen of Kngland and the King, by rea-
son of the two young Scots chieftains, Cesford and Baclugh, and
of the present necessity and scarcity of corn amongst the Scots
Borderers and riders. That tliere ha 1 been a private <iuarrel
betwixt those two lairds on the Borders, which was like to have
turned to blood; but the fear of the general trouble had
reconciled them, and tlie injuries which they thought to have
committed against each other were now transferred upon En"'-
land : not unlike that emulation in France between the Baron de
Biron and Mons. Jeverie, who, being both ambitious of honor,
undertook more hazardous enterprises against the enemy than
thoy would liave done if they had been at concord together."
The place of conflict is still called Skinner's Field, from a
corruption of Skirmish Field.
11

162

No'

I'KM.

7.— Dunedln. The hill fortrosn „f King FAwyn, who«e
kingdom of Northumbria reached to the shoreg of the Forth.
The Keltic dun, a hill, is heard in many names, e.,,., Dundee,
Dunkirk. The Saxon fmryh, a fort, tower or towii, gives the
modem name Edinburgh. Poetry delights in old euphonious
names. The cut on p. 17 rcprestrnts Edinburgh us it wos in
1716.

8.— Falchions. Curved swords; I^t. />t/cio, from ftitx, a
scythe or sickle.

9.— Slogan. The war-cry of a Bonier clan, gonorally the
name of some rallying-place, of some chiuf, or patron suiat
(See p. 88, 1. 29, " A home ! A home ! ")

12.— death-feud. War to the knife, which can only end with
the death of those who take part.

13.— lore, learning. The aid of learned pneats must be in-
yoked.

16.— In mutual pllgPlmage. "in 1529, three years after
the battle of Melrose, the chiefs of the clans of Scott and Kerr,
at the King's special command, bound themselves over to keep
the peace in a solemn ' bond of alliance or feud-stanching.'
This curious document is printed in the Border MinMrdHy.
The five subscribers on each side, Walter Scott of Branxholm
at the head of one party, and Walter Ker of Cessford of the
other . . . agree to refer all outstanding disputes between
them to the judgment of six chosen arbiters. They promise to
be good friends in future, promising ' by the faith and truth
of their bodies' to support one another in all quarrels.
The chief of each party is to say masses for those that f o 1
on the other side in the field of Molrose, at tlie four head
pilgrimages of Scotland, namely, Scono, Dundee, Paisley, and
Melrose."— Minto.

*' But either this indenture never took ofFect, or else the feud
was renewed shortly after." — Scott.

One of the articles is that " Walter Scott of Branxholm shall
marry his son and heir upon one of the said Walter Kerr his
sisters." Scott might very properly have introduced into 7'/ie
Lay this proposal to stanch the feud by marriage.

Pagre 18, 1.— the pule of Carp. "The family of Ker,
Kerr, or Carr, was very powerful on the Border. Fynes

Canto I.

103

Momson remarks, in his Travolg, th»t their influence ex-
tendod fn.rn the village <.f Preston-Grai.go in Lothian, to the
limits of Kugland. Cewford Castle, the ancient haronial resi-
dence of the family, is situated near the village of Morehattle,
within two or three miles of the Cheviot Hills. It has lieen a
place of great strength and consequonct;, but is now ruinous.
Tradition affirms, that it was founded by Halbert, or Habby
Kerr, a gigantic warrior, concerning whom many stories are
current in Roxburghshire. 1 he Duko of Roxburghe represents
Kerr of Cessford. A distinct and powerful branch of the same
name own the Maniuis of I^thian as their chief. Hence the
distinction betwixt Kerrs of Cessford and Fairnihirst."— Scott.
7. -warlike forestors. Ettrick forest was a large tract
mostly hold by the Scotts. See map for Ettrick-Water and
Tweed.

18-19. These lines are quoted from an old ballad called
"Johnny Armstrong's Last (iood Night" :—

" O then lH)HiK»ke his little son.
Ah lie sat oti his nurse's knee.
' If ever 1 live to be u nmn
My father's death revonjceil hIihII he."

33.-The battle of Melro.se, 1526, Sir Walter slain by the
Kerrs at I-ldinburgh, 1552-an interval of '20 years, which
makes " her lover " rather elderly. But we must not hold the
Minstrel too close to actual history.

Page 19. t.— The Cranstouns are an ancient B.)rder
family, whose chief seat was at Crailing, in Teviotdale.
They were at this time at feud with tlie clan of Scott, for
It appears that the [.ady of Buccleuch in 1.557 beset the Laird
of Cranstoun, seeking his life. Nevertheless, the same
Cranstoun, or perhaps his son, was married to a daughter
of the same lady. — Sct)TT.

7.— clerk. Scholar ; or one as learned as the r/, ryy ( Latin

clericun).

8.— Bethune's line of Picardie. "The Bethunes wore of

French origin, and derived their name from a sn»all town in
Artois. There were several distinguished families of the
Bethunes in the neighboring province oi Picardy ; they num-
bered among their descendants the celebrated Due de Sully;

164

N0TE8.

and the name was accounted among the most nnble in
France, while aught nuble remained in that country. The
family of Bethnne, or Beatoun, in Fife, produced three learned
and dignified prelates ; namely. Cardinal Beaton and two suc-
cessive Archbishops of Glasgow, all of whom flourished a»>out
the date of the romance. Of this family was descended Dame
Janet Beaton, Lady Bucoleuch, widow of Sir Walter Scott of
Branksome. She was a woman of masculine spirit, as ap-
peared from her riding at the head of her son's clan, after her
husband's murder. She also possessed the hereditary abilities
of her family in such a degree that the superstition of the
Tulgar imputed them to lupematural knowledge. With this
was mingled, by faction, the foul accusation of her having in-
fluenced Queen Mary to the murder of her husband. One of
the placards, preserved in Buchanan's Vehvtion, accuses of
Damley's murder • the Erie of Bothwell, Mr. James Balfour,
the persoun of Fliske, Mr. David Chalmers, black Mr. John
Spens, who was principal deviser of the murder; and tho
Queue, assenting thairto, throw the persuasion of the Erie
Bothwell, and the tntchcra/t of Lady Buckltmh: "— Sc<itt.

10.— Padua. '• Padua was long supposed, by the Scottish
peasants, to be the principal school of necromancy. The Earl
of Gowrie, slain at Perth in 1800, pretended, during his studies
in Italy, to have acquired some knowledge of the ca))ala, by
which, he said, he could charm snakes and work other mira-
cles."— Scott.

14.— Saint Andrew's cloistered hall. The University of
St. Andrew's, the oldest in Scotland. The cut on pa^e 19 is from
a photograph of the ruins. The cloister was a covered walk
running round a court and open to a garden. The arches of
its roof were supported on the outside by pillars. See olan of
Melrose Abbey, p. 32.

Pagre 20, 1.— no darkening shadow. The shadow

of a necromancer is independent of the sun. Glycas informs
us that Simon Magus caused his shadow to go before him,
making people believe it was an attendant spirit.— Hey-
wood's JIierarchi€f p. 476. The vulgar conceive that when a
class of students have made a certain progress in tlieir mystic
studies they are obliged to run through a subterranean hall,
where the devil literally catches the hindmost in the race,

Canto I.

166

luilosH ho criMteN tlio hall no ■pewiily that the arch-enoroy could
only ai-prehuuil hin ithuduw. lu th« Utter oaae, the person of
tho «(v^'e novor after tlirows ony shade; and those who have
/cwrf f/uirnhitiloii' always |)rove the Ix jt magioians.

O.-The viewless forms of alp. "The Scottish vulgar,
without hoving any very defined notion of their attributes,
believe in tlie existonco of an intermediate class uf spirits,
residing in tho air or in the waters; to whose agency they
ancribo floods, storms, and all such phenomena as their own
pliilo8«)phy cannot readily explain. They are supposed to in-
torforo in tho afTaira of mortals, sometimes with a malevolent
purpo?«e, and sometimes with milder views. It i« said, for
example, that a gallant baron, liaving returned from the Holy
Land to his castle of DrummeUiar, found his fair lody nursing
a healthy child, whose birth did not by any means correspond
to tho date of his departure. Such an occurrence, to the credit
of the dames of tho Crusadt'rs bo it spoken, was so raro that it
re<iuired a miraculous solution. The lady, therefore, was
iHslievcd, when she averred confidently that tho Spirit of the
Tweed ha<l issued from tho river while she was walking upon
its bank, and com|)eIled her to submit to his embraces: and
the nauio of Tweedie was bestowed upon the child, who after-
wards iHJcanio Baron of Drummclziar and chief of a powerful
clan. To those spirits wore also ascri»)eil, in Scotland, tho

'airy tongues, that syllublr men's namcH,
On sands, and shores, and desert wildcrnosHos.'

" When tlio workmen were engaged in erecting the ancient
cliurch of Old Deer, in Aberdeenshire, upon a small hill called
Bissau, they were surprised to find that the work was impeded
by supernatural obstacles. At length, the Spirit of the Biver
was lieard to say,

* It is not here. It is not here.
That yc sliall build tiio church of Door;
But on Taptillery,
Where many a corpse shall h'e.'

The site of the edifice was accordingly transferred to Taptillery,
an eminence at some distance from the place where tho build-
ing had been commencc<l."— Macfarlank's MSS.

" I mention these popular fables, because the introduction of
the Biver and Mountain Spirits may not, at first sight, seem to

166

NoTKB.

aooord with tho ffuDoral f.m. of tho romanco, an<i tlio HU|H,r-
■titioiis of tho country whero tho iicono it lal.l. '-8«i*tt.

Tho spiritH nioiitionod in Bonlor hallaiU uro (I) olvos or
fairie. nuoh as arc d.HcriWI on p. 21, lines (l-ll ; (j) wraith*
who dwelt in air or water an.i pr.Hlueod storms nnd Hoods; (H)
evil spirits liko tho Goblin Page dencrilKjil ut p. M.

8.-Lord David. "Branksomo Castle wan enlarged and
strengthenwl hy Sir liavid Scott, the jfrandH.,n of Sir Willian.
its first iK)8808sor. Tho Ladye sits in the we^t^.m tow.r, when-
Bho could look uj. the Teviot to the fell, whero tho imx)uliean.H
play."— Scott.

12.-Scaur. Tho haro side of a rock or clifT; Scand. 4>^r
properly applied, isolate.! r..cks in th.. Hoa, her., a precipito...
bank U-side tho river. Compare shear, short, share, skirt,
shire, shore, shcser, score, shred, etc.

19.— Ban-dogs, i,-., dojjs fastened up with a band, chuine.1
up. I'sually a mastiff.

Tho Muestions in 11-16 are echoed in these lines, which
doscnbo the disquiet of man nnd boast. The susponso U
emphasized and we aro prepared to hear the explanation that
follows on the next page. The interrogations contui.. a st.ggos-
tion of ChnMfaM, from which Scott recoive<l many hintn.
" Ih it tho witHl Unit iiiainctli hl.iik 1
There Is not wiml <-iMMitfli in the air
To move away the rintfU-t «nil
From llic lovely lady's ••lu'ck."-ll. 4|.h.
82.— Fell. Hill, moor; Scan.!.///.

..,**?^'^ ?^'' 4 -Craik-eross to SkelfhiU-pen. Those are

the high hills on tho upper part of the Teviot between which
tho river flows. A«, Keltic, a hill. Compare ^y..M-«ino, Pen-
nme, litii Lomond, otc.

5.-Morrls-paeIng. Bustic dancing. Pacing their morris
-dancing their dance, cgnato accusative. Tho name is said
to come from tho Spanish 7«or/Vo, a danco borrowed or imitated
from the Moors, who at one time ruled a large part of Spain
A moonlight night was the favorite time for the morris-daoce.
8. -Emerald rings. Fairy rings of brighter green than the
surrounding verdure, supposed to bo made by the feet of the
fames as they circled, hand in hand, in their merry .lance. In
reality these rings are produced by the growth of different

Ca.-nto I.

hi!

H|H«rli«H of tho fungus, ii'ffiriiHM. Ah th«y »»xliaUHt t)io noil by ouu
yt'ui'H growth, tlu-ir myci-iiutii puhIh ■* into thu riclior p«irti.mrt
untuud, and thiu* thoy ttxUml tho circle of their growth.
Thoir dooay furiii*la m & nmuunt f»>r the uuxtynar'n gruna, which
thus asfluiiiiiB a durkor gruuu and grow* mora duurtuly.

9.— Trip It deft. Dum-u noatly, olov«'rly, doxtoroutly. A
fiuo liquid allit.itttion runn tlirough thix puHsuj;. . .luo to tho
accumulation of 1, m, u, r. Tho olToot hunnoniz.jrt with tho
iiicuuing vury well.

18. - polluted by tho ttiars* which iin'r with tli<> ■tituni. Tho
pollution is tho result of tho mixing, an<l tlum wo huvo au
uxamplo of tho jmt/fjdir tpifhel.

20.— Arthur's wain. Tho constellation of tho tin ut H,i.u.
AtrliiniM^ of which Arthur ig morely a corruptiou, is iho chief
star in the constellation next to the IWmt M,tj.„-. Tho

diagrams annexed will explain the situation of these stars ami
onalde tho student to identify them near tho pole star. Pro-
nounce 0-ri'on.

25.— planet. A member of tho solar system. In the teach-
Jug of astrology these planets were supposed to exorciae mor?
power over liumun destinies than was i)os3os3od by other stars.

27.— influence. The power or energy that was supposed by
tlio ancient astrologers to fl(»r h:!n men from the stars, and to
mould their lives according to "their high decree."

29.—" This line gives the mutln, the koy-note, to the poem.
There is to be no happiness, no good fortune, for those who
dwell in Branksoirio tower, till tho mother suImIuos her prido
and sanctions the love of her daughter for the hereditary enemy

168

NOTHS.

of hor house : aud tl.o poem shows how this was destined to
come abiiut." — Stimkt.

" This may be taken as the motto of The Lu,/. Notice how
the plot advances. The Ludye's resolution is too fixed to be
broken by the threat of the Spirits : but this threat naturally
leads her to feel there is a crisis in the history of her house
coming; hence she sends to ask aid of the groat magician of
the family. This leads to the combat of Deloraine and Crans-
toun, without which Cranstoun could not have acted his part
in the 5th Canto "—Phim.i-otts.

Pagre 22, 14.— Moss-trooper. ''This was the usual ap-
pellation of the marauders upon the Borders; a profession
diligently pursued by the inhabitants on both sides, and by
none more actively aur' successfully than by Buccleuch's clan
Long after the union of the crowns, tlie moss-troopers
although sunk in reputation, and no longer enjoying the
pretext of national h<.stility, continued to pursue their calling.

" Fuller includes, among the wonders of Cumberland, 'The
moss-troopers : so strange in tlie condition of their livin- if
considered in their On>j{na/, lunra-se, IleMjht, Decay, and Jilli^.

" '1. Orlfjiml. I conceive tliem the same called Borderers in
Mr. Camdon, and characterized by him tobe « uHldaiul ,mr/ikc

Canio 1.

169

;>»//.. They are callr.l „,„..<.,,.,„,. ...^ U-ain^,. .hvellin-- in th„
mosses, and riding in tr..„,,.s t.,g..t}..r. Tlu-y dw-H^in the
bounds, or meeting, ..f the two kingdou.s. but obey the law. of
neither. They come to ( hurch as seldom as the 29th of Feb-
ruary comes into the kalendar.

" ' 2. /».rm... When England an.l Scotland were united in
Great Britain, they that formerly lived by hostile inc.rsion.
betook themselves to tho robbing of th.-ir neighbors. Their
sons are free of the trade by their fathers' copy. They are like
to J«,b, not in piety and patic-nce, but in sud.len plenty un.l
IK^verty; sometimes having flocks and her.ls in tho mornin.-
none at night, and perchance many again next day. They ma°v'
give for their motto, r!rit„r ...• mi^o, stealing from their h<,nest
neighbors what they sometimes re,,uire. They are a nest of
hornets; strike one, and stir uU of them nbout your ears.
Indeed, if they pron.ise saf.dy to comlnct a travdler. they will
perform it with the fidelity of a Turkish janizary; otherwise,
woe be to him that falleth int.j th.'ir quarters !

'"3. ir.!<,ht. Amounting, fortyycars since, to some thousands.
These compelled tho vicinage to pun-haso their secnritv, by
paying a constantrent to them. When in their greatest hei-ht
■ '••»• "l^""^'"'''''* ""«"^''''^-"'" '-""•■^ ofth, L,n„l, and tho l.nl
I) ,n,am Houard o/X>nr„rfh. JIo sent many of them to t.'arlisle
to that place where the oHieer ,/o/A „/.■„,,, /,;. ,rnrk l», ,h,„r„,hi
Yet these moss-ti-oopers, if po.sibly th.^y could procure "the
pardon for a cond.nnntMi person (-f their c.mpany, would
advun.e great sums out of their eonnnon stock, who, in su.h a
case, caxl in th, o- lot.s „„„>„,, st fl,r,ns,lr,<, nn,l all l,„rr <„,. ,.ii,s. .

" ' 4. Dicay. Caused by the wisdom, valor, an.l diligence of
tho Eight Honorable Charles Lord Howard, Karl of (^'lrlis^.
who routed these English Tori.'s with his r.-ginn-nt. His
seventy unto them will n.,t only be excuse.l. but commended
by tho judicious, who consider how our great lawyer doth'
describe such persons, who are soh-mnly outlawed (Rracton.
hb. viii. trac. 2, cap. .1 : "/;.,• f,n„- ,,. nn,t c;,n,t hn,hnn„, ifn
<l»o,l s„,e j,„l!n„i; ;n,,„;s!t;,„n rlt, ,., nnuf, .fs.,->nn .,nn,i j.nluUnn
ix>rt,i,l ; tt imrito tiiiin /,;/,'. /»,;„„/, ipn s.. ■,>„,/„,„ l.,i<„i nnn
m«.«;r//»^"-" Tlien.-eforward (alter that they .-.re. outlawed)
they wear a wolf's head, so that they huv fully may bo de-
stroyed, without any judicial inquisition, as who carry their

i 'I.,

170

Notes.

own condemnation about them, and deservedly die without
law. because they refused to live according to law,"

•"5. Hiiine. Such was the success of this worthy lord's severity
that he made a thorough reformation among them ; and the
ringleaders being destroyed, the rest are reduced to legal
obedience, and so, I trust, will continue.' (Puller's WwthitH of
Ewjland, p. 216.)

"The last public mention of moss-troopers occurs during
the civil wars of the 17th century, when many ordinances of
Parliament were directed against them."— Scott.

17.— Foray. " A predatory inroad."— Scott.

24.—" This lino, of which the metre appears defective, would
have its full complement of feet according to this prorunciation
of the poet himself— as all who were familiar with his utter-
ance of the letter r will bear testimony."- Lockhakt.

Pronounce Unicorn as if U-ni-c6-run.

25.— The arms of the Kerrs of Cessford bore three unicorns'
heads, with a unicorn's head for the crest. Those of tlio Scotts
of Buccleuch included a star of six points between two crescents.

81.— William of Deloraine. " The lands of Deloraine arc
joined to those of Luccleuch in Ettrick Forest. They were im-
memorially possessed by the Buccleuch family, under the strong
title of occupancy, although no charter was obtained from the
crown until 1545. Like other possessions, the lands of Deloraine
were occasionally granted by them to vassals or kinsmen for
Bonier service. Satchells mentions, among the twenty-four
gentlemen-pensioners of the family, 'William Scott, com-
monly called Cut-at-the-mark, who had the lands of Nether
Deloraine, for his service.' And again, 'This William of
Deloraine, commonly called Cat-at-the-Iilavk, was a brotlier of
the ancient house of Haining, which house of Haining is
descended from the ancient house of Hassendean.' The lands
of Deloraine now give an earl's title to the descendant of
Henry, tlie second surviving son of the Duchess of Buccleuch
and Monmouth. I have endeavored to give William of Delor-
aine the attributes which characterized the Borderers of his day;
for which I can only plead Froissart's apology, that, ' it be-
hoveth, in a lynage, some to be folyshe and outrageous, to
maynteyne and sustayno the peasable.' As a contrast to my
Marchman, I beg leave to transcribe, from the same author

Canto I.

171

the speech of A„.ergot Marcell, a captain of the A.iventurous

Cu„.pau.ons,aroblK.r,andapillagerofthoc«untry.,fAuv.rgno,
who had been bribed tu sell his strongholds, and to asstu.Te a
more honorable n.ilitury life under the banners of the Earl of
Anuagnac But 'when ho rememWed alle this, he was
s..rrowful ; his tresour ho thought he woldo not mynysshe • he
was wonte day ly to serche for newe pyllages, wherbyo encresed
his profyte, and then ho sawe that alle was closed fro hym.
Ihen he sayde and iniagyned, that to pyll and to robbe (all
thy ngo considered) was a good lyfe, and so n-pented hy n, of his
gooddomjj. Onatyme,ho3aidtohisoldcompanyons "Sirs
there is no sporto nor glory in tliis worlde amongo men of
warro, but to use sucho lyfo as we have done in tyn.o past.
A^hat a joy was it to us when we rode forth at adventui-o
and son.etyrue found by the way a rich priour or n.er-
chaunt, or a route of muletfes of Mountpeilyer, of Kar-
.onno, of Lymens, of Fong.ns, ..f Besyers, of Tholous, or of
Carcasonne, laden with cloth uf Brussels, or j^ltro ware
comynge fro the fayres, or laden with spycery fro,,. Bruges, fro
Da„.as,orfro Alysuuudre; wluitsoever we met, all was o,irs
or els rausoumed at our pleasures; dayly wo gate now mouey;
and thevy layues of Auvergne and of I-y u.osyn dayly provydod
uud brought to our castell whete ,..uh, good wynos. beffos, aud
latte mottons, pullayne, and wyl.le foule : Wo were ever fur-
nyshed as tho we had been kings. When we rode forthe, all
the countrey tryu.bled for feare : all was ours goyn-- and
comyngo How tok we Carlast, I and tho Bourgeof f;om,:anvo,
aud I and Perot of Beruoys took Calus.t; how dy.l we' scale
with lytell ayde, the strong castell of Marquell, pertayni,.g tJ
he Krl Dolphyn : I kept it nat past fy ve days, but I receyvod
Or It, or a fey re table, fy ve thousande frankes, and forgave one
thousando for the love of the Erl Dolphyn's children. By mv
fayth this was a fayre and a good lyfe! wherefore I repute
myselfe sore deceyved, in that I have rendered up tho fortress of
Aloys ; for it woldo have kept fro alle tho worlde, and the daye
that I gave it up, it was fournyshed with vytaylles, to have
i.ecn kept seven yere without any re-vytayllinge. This Erl of
Armynake hath de.-oyved me. Olyve Barbe, and Perot lo
Bernoys, shewed to me how I shulde repento myselfe : certayne
I sore reponte i,.y.el(o of what I have done."' " ^F.-oissart, vol
11., p. 19o. ) — Scott.

172

N<»TK8.

Pajfe *2tl, 2. — A passag<! frcmi Ciirndoirs y//nVfiM?»»« explains
why a kii()wl«.(lyo <.f the a:ifo paths t}irough moors and bogs
was ail important <iualiticution of "A stark moss-trooping
Scott." In his rtitro<] action to the Jiortl,r Mhuitrtlxy Sir
Waltor .lUi.tes from thit hook as foUows :— »• What manner of
cattle stealers tliey are, that inhabit these valleys in the
marclitsof both kingdc.ms, John Lesley, a Scotchman himself,
and bishop of Ross, will inform you. They sally out of their
own borders, in the night, in troops, through unfrequented bye-
ways, an(i many intricate^ windings, AH the day time, they
refresh themselves and their horses, in lurking holes tluy had
pitched uj.im before, till th.y arrive in the dark at those places
they have a design upon. As soon as they have seized upon
the booty, they, in like manner, return liomo in tlie night,
througli blind ways, and ietchiiig many a comi)a8s. The more
skilful any captain is to pass through those wild deserts, crooked
turnings, and deep pnripices, in the thickest mists and dark-
ness, his reputation is the greater."

4.— Bloodhounds. 'The kings and heroes of Scotland, as
well as the Border- riders, were sometimes obliged to study how
to evade the pursuit of bl.MMlhounds. Barbour informs us that
Robert Bruce was repeatedly tracke<l by sleuth-dogs. On one
occasion lie escaped by wa<ling a bow-shot down a brook, and
ascending into a tree by a branch which overhung the water;
thus, leaving no truce on land of l:is footsteps, he baflled the
scent, "j'he pursuers came up ; —

' Ityelit to the burn llial |)as«yt ware.
Hot llie sli-utli-lijiid made sthitiiifft liar.
And waueryt laiij? tymo ta and fra,
That he iia certain Kiito coutli jja ;
Till at (lie last that John of Imtuh
I'crscuit the huiid the sleuth had loriie.'—7'A<; Jiriu-i; Hook vii.

" A sure way of stopping the dog was to spill blood upon the
track, which destroj'ed tlie discriminating fineness of his scent
A captive was sometimes sacrificed on such occasions. Henry
the Minstrel tells a romantic story of Wallace, founded on this
circumstanco :— The hero's little band had been joined by an
Irishman, named Fawdoun, or Fadzean, a dark, savage, and
suspieious character. After a sharp skirmish at Black-Erne
Side, Wallace was forced to retreat with only sixteen followers.
The Fnglish pursued with a Horder lilnUh-hnitch, or bloodhound.

Canto T. 173

' In riuliivrland there wan tliut liniiclu-l Iii-imI,
Sikor of «c«!iit, to follow 1 Ikmii t luit tUil ;
So was lui iisvd in Ksko and Liddtsiliiil.
While (i. e. till) she jfivt IiUmxI no tlooinj,' niiKht avail."

•' In tho rotn-at, Pawdoun, tirod, (.r alTfctinj,' t<. 1h. s.., would
go no further. Wallaoo, having in vain ar-jiio<l with him, in
hasty auger struck off liis head, and continued the n^tieat.
When the English came up their hound stayed upon tliu dead
hofly : —

'Thoslfiith stopped at Kawdoii. still she >.t<Mid.
Nor farther would fra t inie she fund I he l)loo<l."

"Ihe story concludes with a fine (Jothic scene (.f tern.r.
Wallace took refuge in the solitaiy tower of Ciask. Hero ho
was disturbed at midnight l.y the hlast of a horn. Tfe sent out
his attendants hy two and two, hut no one returne.l with
tidings. At length, when ho was left alone, tlio sound was
heard still hjuder. The champion descended, sword in liand;
and, at the g.ato of the tower, was encountered by the ht>adloss
spectre of Fawdoun, whom ho had slain so rashly. Wallace,
in great terror, fled up into the tower, tore open the boards of a
window, leapt down fifteen feet in height, and continued liis
flight up the river. Looking back to (iask, ho discovered the
tower on fire, and the form of Fawdoun upon the battlements,
dilated to an immense size, and holding in liis hand a blazing
rafter." — S<ott.

7. — tide has the same meaning as tlim . Emphatic repetition,
as in "Time and tide wait for no man." (iemu'ally //</f: de-
notes a special season, as eventide, yuletide, etc.

8' — July. Notice the accent. Scotticism.

10. — matin prime. Early morning. Lat. M)ttiii,i, the god-
dess of dawn.

1^' — The Scottish Borderers were often as obnoxious to the
government of their own country as to tliat of England. .Fames
V. of Scotland had proceeded against them with great severity
about twenty-five years before the time of this tale.

The sovereigns meant were Edward VI. and Mary Queen of
Scotts

i5.— Good at need. The jurmnwut (iiiihit, Common in
Homer. Compare "azure-eyed" .Minerva, " white-armed"
.Tuno, "swift-footed" Achillea.

174

NoTKS.

If'

if'

25.-MichaelmaH, F?ept. 29; tin, A^ast of St. Mirhaol an.I All
Angola.

21-84. -Note tho monosyllabic language, the strong accent
on every alternate ayllahle. The result is a certain air of im-
presaive solemnity that accords well with the n.ystery of the
niidnight errand. The reply of Deloraine immediately follow-
ing iorms a perfect contrast of rhythm and movement. The
■anapestic feet here, as often, suggest the hoof-beats of a
galloping horse, l^he dactyl is often used with a similar effect.
Compare Tennyson's Northern Farmer (new style) :—

"Doo8n't thou -ear my 'crso's legs, as they canters awadyl
Proputty. proputty. proputty-that'H what I 'carH Vn, s^'tty.

Proputty. proputty. i.roputty-t«„tor an' ««nter awatty."

88.-Ioni. Lost; old participle of lose, /or.„. Example of
Verner s Law-r substituted for ... Compare forlorn, fror.,
Cfrozen). xron (A.S. wen), are (root <w), v^re (root «w).

Page 24, l.-dapple-grray. Dapple is a spot on an
animal Icelandic ^lepill, a spot, a dot; Norwegian .%«, a
pool. Compare deep, dimple, dingle.

8. -neck-verse at Hairibee. '«//«m7.« was the place of

executing the Border marauders at Carlisle. The «.r^,v,we is
the beginning of the 51st P.alm, Miserere mei, anciently read
by criminals claimin- the benefit of tho clergy. "-Srorr

" The clergy originally obtained freedom from secular juris-
diction on the strength of the text, ' Touch not mine anointed,
and do my prophets no harm.' In process of time this benefij
of clergy was claimed for everybody that could road, all such
persons being handed ovor to be dealt with by ecclesiastical
authority. If not handed over to tho church, the convicted
criminal was burnt in tho brawn of his loft thumb, and not
allowed the privilege a second time. The last remains of the
privilege were not abolished till tho reign of Geor-e IV "

— MiNTO. °

The passage therefore means, " I could not read a line oven
to save my neck from tho rope."

lO.-the Steep descent. Minto says:-" The entrance to
a feudal castle from the grated portal inwards was generally
steep, and paved with smooth pebbles, making the footing

Canto I.

175

nncertnin. The first part <,f Doloraine'a rido was not the least
difficult"— Mi.NTo.

sounding barbican. Scott ex-
plains that the barbican is •' the
defence of the outer gate of a feudal
castle.'' On the epithet HonwUtuj Min-
to remarks :—'« Scott probably took
his idea of a barbican from Alnwick
Castle, where there is a very fine
gate and barbican of the Kdwardian
period (see Clark's Mcdiwral Military
Architecture, vol. i., p. 180). The
barbican is 65 feet long, strong ma-
sonry protecting a passage to the gate about 10 feet broad.
The outer part of the passage is vaulted to the length of about
20 feet, the rest open to the sky. This explains the soundiny.
The real Branksome Tower in all likelihood had no such
magnificent adjunct. It is what Scott would have called a
'poetical ornament.'"

The barbican was originally an opening in the wall to let
water run through ; then a loopholtd outwork defendin- a
gateway ; a tower over the gateway of a castle, defending the
entrance to a castle or city, a sort of watch-tower, projecting
before or rising above the gate. Alnwick in Scotland and
Warwick in England have very good specimens.

14.— basnet. A light steel helmet in the form of a small
basiu and different from the helmet use.l in tilting, which had
a high plume. Dim, of basin, Fr. bacimt, iM^nntt, from /wm,
ItOMsin, or bamn.

Page 25, 1.— Peel. '-A Border tower. "—S<'ott. Seethe
cut on page 64, which is from a photograph of Watt Tinlinn'^
;W or tower. The ground floor was used as a store-room, into
which the cattle and sheep could be driven through a stron''
door and a strong gate. In the two upper stories dwelt the
family, and through the windows or loopholes they defended
themselves against raiders in case of attack. (See page 03, lines
25-30.) Some peels had a yard enclosed by a high wall, into
which the flocks and herds were driven at night to protect
them from the moss-troopers. (See page (1.*^, lines 13- KJ.) On

176

Notes.

tho riKjf .)f tho peel was an iron pan to hold the btt/r, or boaoon-
fagot. (Sto |)aj;e 57, linos liJ-l |.)

Minto remarks:—'* Tb.se simple square towers are charac-
torlstioof the Scottish Border. Borthwick Towerin Midlothian
is the finest specimen. Tlioy dejiended for their powers of
resistance on passive strength. The walls were so thick that
very little damage could be dune to them by parties of forayers,
even if they were captured by surprise. By a Scottish statute
of 1585 it was enacted that evory barmkin wall must be at
lonst a yard thick, six yards high, and must enclose at least
sixty square feet. Tho tower was built within this outer work.
Another name for tho peel was • bastk-house,' Pr. /xw/i//t."

The Pool of Goldiland is still standing.

2.— Borthwick. Bortliwick Water, a small branch of the
Teviot. (See map, p. 8.)

3 — Moat-hill. '-This is a round artificial mount near
Hawick, which, from its name (.1A><, A.S. Co„n/i»m, C'o///v „/««),
was probably anciently used as a place for assembling a national
council of the adjacent tribes. There are many such
mounds in Scotland, and they are sometimes, but rarely, of a
square form."^ScoTT.

4. -Druid shades. fUiosta of the Druids. Tho suggestion
is that those ].i-iests of the old Britisli n-Iigion had long ago
performed their rites at the mound, which is still haunted by
their ghosts.

8. -Hazeldean. This fortress lH3longed to a family of Scotts.
(St-o Scott's song, Jofk o' Hdzildmti. )

" Tho description of Deloraino and his midnight ride is ad-
mirable. The rough Scottish names of the places he passes are
so skilfully introduced, as rather to improve than inj.ire the
lines, while the details given al)out tho different spots are suffi-
ciently poetic in themselves to prevent tho reader from feeling
as though anything in tho shape of an antiquarian catalogue
were being inflicted on him."— PiiiM.roTTs.

The map on page 8 sliows tho route of Deloraine

11.— For BrankSOme, ho I The slogan or battle-cry of tho
Scotts was "Mount for Branksoine!" (See page 57, lino 17,
page 70, line 8, page 85, lino 29, for examples of rallying cries
tJiat were used to identify the shouter. j Deloraine could not pass

Canto T.

177

IlaMl.lean wiihout l,cin- cl.all..nj,',.a and rotiirnii.g a satU-
factory reply.

PllHre 2«, 2. -the Roman way. "A., ancioi.t Roman
road, crossing through part of Rnxl.urghshir«."~.S. ott.
4.— breathed. Slackonetl spood to rest his horso.

5.-Drew saddle-girth, etc. Ho now ti-htoned his saddic-

girthto make his seat see uro, laced up his corsolot, and made
ready to moot, if necessary, the outlaw Bamliill, whose lair
was close hy.

7.— MlntO-cragrs. " A romantic assemblage of dilTs, which
rise suddenly al.ovo the vale of Toviot, in tl.o imnu-diat.,
vicinity of the family-seat from which Lord Mint.) takes his
title. A small platform, on a jirojocting crag, c.Miimanding a
most Iwautiful prospect, is termed fiamhi//^' lied. This Barn-
hills is said to have been a rol.Uir, or outlaw. Th.re are
remains of a strong tower iKinoath the rocks, whore ho is suj-
posed to have dwelt, and from which ho d.-rived his title. On
the summit of the crags aro tlie fragments of another ancient
tower, m a picturesque situation. Among the houses rast
down by the Earl of Hertford, in 1515, occur the towers of
Easter Barnhills, and of Minto-crag, witli Minto t<,wn nn.l
place. Sir Gilbert Elliot was tho author of a beautiful pastoral
song, of whidi the following is a more correct copy than is
usually pub! isheil : —

• My shuop I iinjrlcctcd, I broke my Kh«'oi>-ho(>k.
And all t lio Kiiy hiiiiiits of my y,,iitli I forsiM.k :
-\<» iiioru for Aniynta fri'sh <,'arl.iii«ls I wom- ;
A.Tiihil iiiri, I said, woulil soon ciiic! me i>f 1(,\ f.
But wliivt had my yoiit li wil h aiiihit Idh to do !
\Vliy left I AuiyiiUiI why broke I my vow !

' Through rejrions remote in vain do I rove.
And bid the wide world socnri? me from lov»'.
Ah. f.M.l, to imiit,'ine. that aiiyiit .(udd saMue
A love so well founded, a i)i».«>ion so triu- !
Ah, trive me my sheep, and my sh.<[. h.w* restore !
And ill wander from love ami AmynUi no more !

' Alas! 't is t<M) late at thy fate to repine !
I 'oor shepherd. Amynu n-. more can b(! thine!
Thvteai-san^ail friillles-,. thy wishes are vain,
■ Iteiiiotiittiis ncK'iir-, li r<;tnii imi :(«-nin-
Ah! what ha<l my \,.uth w ii h and)ilion todo !
Why left I A niynt.i ! why broke I my vow ! ' ' s< on-.

178

NoTM.

10. — giddy. TruitHforroiI epithet.

18.— doubling. Thu(<«!h«NM fruni thi« clitri* r«>|Mittt tlio »oim<l
of the robl)er'« horn.

16.— Tho •• Doric roed" ■ignifios j)a«toral poitry ; the luuHic )1
in»truiiiontor pip© used 1»y shophonla heins made fn.tn a rood,
and a iJU>dification of tho Doric dialect having boou awod by
Theocritus, tho founder of flrook i)ri«toral poetry.

1^«— Unchallenjfed, because tlie robber was n«it at homo, <-r
at least did not appear.

20.— Riddel's falP domain. " The family of Riddel have
been very long in iwssossion of tiio barony calle«l Ridilel, or
Ryedale, part of which still Iwars the latter name. Tradition
carries their antiquity to a point extreinoly reiu.ite; and in, in
s«)me degree, sanctioned by the discovery of two st-ono coffins,
one containing an earthen pot filled wiih ashes and arms,
bearing a legible date, A. U. 727 ; the otherdated 0*5 and filled
with tho bones of a man of gigantic sue. Tliese c<jfflns were
discovered in the foundations of what was, but has long ceased
to be, the chapel of Riddel ; and as it was argued, with
plausibility, that they contained tho remains of sc -ne ances-
tors of the family they were deposited in tho modern place of
i^epulture, comparatively so termed though built in 1110. But
the following curious and authentic documents warrant most
conclusively the epithet of 'ancient Riddel': 1st, A charter
by David I. to Walter Rydale, ShorilT of Roxburgh, confirming
all the estates of Liliesclivo, etc., of which his father, Oervasius
de Rydale, died possessed. 2(lly, A bull of Pope Adrian IV.,
confirming tho will of Walter do Ridale, kniglit, in favor of
hid brother Au^chitUl de Ridale, dated 8th April, 1155. ,S<lly,
A bull of Pope Alexander III., confirring the said will of
Walter do Ridale, bequeathing to his brother Anschittil tho
lands of Liliosciive, Whittunos, etc., and ratifying the bargain
betwixt Anschittil and Huctredus, concerning tho church of
Lilicsclivc, in consequence of the mediation of Malcolm II.,
and confirmed by a charter from that monarch. This bull is
dated 17th June, 1160. 4thly, A bull of the same Pope, con-
firming tho will of Sir Anschittil do Ridale, in favor of his son
Walter, conveying the said lands of Liliosclive and others,
dated 10th Marcli, 1170. It is remarkable that Liliesclive,
otherwise Rydale, or Riddel, and the Whittunes, have de^

Canto I.

179

»c.'iu|...I, thn,„Kh a long train of a„co«ton,, without evor Paii».
uig mu. a oollatcral lin., to tl.o ,H,r.on of Sir John Buchanan
Kuhlul, n.trt. of Ri.l.lell, th« lineal d..Hc«„dant and n,pr"
-.■..tat.vo of S.r Anschittil. Th,wo circum.tanco. a,.pe««Ki
worthy of notice in a nordcr work." -S.ott.

tiJG nms. (Soo map, pugo h. )

tawny. A woll-chosen wonl to descriho l„.th the color of
thofoa....ng,„.u,My,tn.am in ti.no of A.hhI an.l the cho.tnut
...ano to wh.ch the waves are con, pared in the next line.

Chestnut. The word is froir. tho nur,.n „f a city. .See Diet
Compare dmimr, ,ft/ii:o, htyon,!, dnviMon, etc.

5U.— counter. The chest of a hor«e.

n-». -armed complete. PuUy equipped.

PajfO 27, l.-heavler. Profe«sorMinto«tatosfhatacom.
Pletosmt of urn.or w,.uld w.dgh 150 to 200 pounds, l.ut remarks
that Scott allows Doloraino four hours to ride the twenty miles
from Hawick to Melrose. (See page 27, lines 25, 2.i.) Plather
thinks ''no n.an and horse would wear such h.-avy armor on
s..ch an erran.l, or could have forded s.. strong a stream in it."
nut ho adds that no one could be mora fully aware of this fact
tlnm wus Scott. Such passages are written after the spirit
of the hor<..c descriptions in the ancient ballads an.l romances.
4.-da8rgled. Fie.,u,.ntativo fn„a Scand. ,lm,,,, dew. Com-
pare ft^w and ,l'nd; which arc fnnn tlie same root.

a. -Through courage and the favor of the Virgin Mary
Compare Macaulay's nm->,fh,.s swimming for his life, but

•'Ii<mM! lip bmvoly l,y tl,<! I.ntv.' Uv,^rt wiihin
Aiul our fc.,H,<l Father Tilnrr Lure l.ravely Hp*l,i« chin."

march-man. a b„nler-man. A.S. nuurr, a border, a
boundary, a mark. The Marchers of Knglish history li^^d
along the frontiers of Wales, and to keep the marches was a^,
times a serious business.

Halidon. Was an ancient seat of the Carrs about a quarter
of a nulo south of the battlefield of Melrose, mentioned on pa.^
19 and st.ll called Skinner's Field, a corruption of Skirmi:h
h leld. The castle has been demolished.

MIC»OCOPY RESOLUTION TBT CHART

(ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2)

^ ^JPPUEDJN^HGE

^K- '65J Eost Main Street
i^BS (716) 288 - 5989 - Fax

inc

180

Notes.

11. — royal James. James v., then a miTior under tho con-
trol of the Earl of Angus. (Si>o nnto on line I, ]>a<j;e 17. )

17. — dear. Either precious or costly in viuvv of tljo hing
feud, with its bloodshed.

22. — Old MelrOS*. Melrose Abbey, older form Molross ;
Gaelic maol-ron, i.e., bald promontory. The abbey was built on
a peninsula formed by the Tweed.

Scott writes as follows: — "The ancient and beautiful mon-
astery of Melrose was founded by King David I. Its ruins
afford the finest specimen of Gothic architecture and Gothic
sculpture which Scotland can boast. Tlie stone of wliich it is
built, though it has resisted the weather forso many ages, retains
perfect sharpness, so that even the most mmute ornaments
seem as entire as when newly wrought. In some of the
cloisters, as is hinted in the next Canto, there are representa-
tions of flowers, vegetables, etc., carved in stone, with accuracy
and precision so delicate tliat wo almost distrust our senses,
when we consider the difficulty of subjecting so hard a sub-
stance to such intricate and exiiuisite modulation. This superb
convent was dedicated to St. Mary, and the monks were of the
Cistertian order." The cut on page 30 is from a photograph of
the ruins.

23. — gray with lichens.

24. — Abbaye. French form, with accent on second syllable.

25. — Curfew. " The name is still given to the eight o'clock
bell rungevery evening in Scotch towns "'—Mi nto.

26.— lauds. " The midnight service of the Catholic Churcli."

— SC'OTT.

28. — fail. Die away upon the wind .

29.— wild harp. The ^olian harp played by the wind, so
named from iEolus, the wind-god.

31.— Melrose he reached. Tliere was a real WiUiam
Deloraine, but the character and this m.dnight ride are the
product of Scott's vivid imagination.

Compare Browning's JIow we Brout/ht the Good Xewn from
Ghent to Atx, which is wholly imaginary and is said to have
been written on the deck of a sailing ship becalmed under the
equator. The poet can truly say "My mind to me a kingdom
is," for his rich fancy creates new worlds or re-creates old ones.

Silence all. Completely silent.

Canto 1 1.

181

Putfe 2H.-T1I0 interludo announces tl.e end of the Canto
an.I holds th«act...a of tho poom in suspense for a tinu.. A f.-vJ
n.oro touches uroadd..d t.> the character of the nunstrel. and
tlie metre revert, to the rojjular heat of tlie prelude.

15 -His hand was true. Indire t .juo^n ^Jon with ellipsis
Hoy m.,l that his hand, etc. Compa: • , .. 12, line 4 aid
pageW line 20,7 ,.,., .here the question given' i„ this'form
Had Scott been writing an epic poem proper instead of a metri-
cal romance, it would have been necessary for him to give an
explanation of the clau feud. As it is, however, ho proceeds
with the narrative and leaves us to realize the true state of
affairs gradually. The complication arises from tbo Ladye's
hatred of the Carrs and her opposition to the marriage of Mar-
garet of Branksome with Henry, Lord Cranstoun. The sus-
I^nse turns on the question "What shall bo the mai.len's
fate? and is well-sustained till the n-solution of the dim-
cultios. The action begins with Deloraine's ride. The descrip-
tions of this number are worthy of study.

I I

CANTO II.

Pasre 2J). This description of Melrose Abbey is one of the
most ad,,ure,l passages in Scott's poems. Yet it is stated
hat at the tin.o he wrote it he had never seen the ruins by
moonlight. In the description of Melrose the reader will
observe how skilfully the author calls in the aid of sentimental
associations to heighten the effect of the picture which he pre-
sents to the eye."— jKKFiiKY.

<'».— Oriel. Properly a window project-
ing outward. But Scott was (.ften rather
inaccurate in the use of architectural
terms. Here he evidently means a largo
church window divided by sliafts of stone,
but not projecting, called a mullioned
window. (See cut, page HO, which shows
several.) The pattern of these windo as
is very elegant.

9.— When buttress and buttress,

alternately. 'The buttrosses ranged
along the sides of the ruins of Melrose

182

Notes.

Abbey are, according" to tbe ftothic stj'Io, richly carved nnd
fretted, cuntuining iiichus furtlio statu<j» of suiiitf^, and laludled
with scrolls bt-ariug approjtriate texts of Scripture. Most of
these statues have been demolished." — S«dTT. The word nlhrn-
attly is dislocated by the oxigencii-s of the metre. It refers, of
course, to "ebon and ivory" and not to " buttress and buttress."
One side of the buttress is in the shade, the other in the moon-
light

11. — inia§rery. The statues of tlie saints iiiuutioiied above.

10.— St. David. "David 1. of Scotlan<l purchased tlio
reputation of sanctity by founding and libera lly endowing not
only the monastery of Melrose but those of Kelso, Jedburgh,
and many others ; which led to the well-known observation of
his successor (.Tames I. i, that he was a M>ri'. sdhit j'nr th<- croicii.^''
— SooTT. David founded Melrose in lliid to take the j)lace of ii
monastery planted by Aidan in (3.55. The English destroj'ed
the abbey in 1322, but it was gradually rebuilt by R(jbert
Bruce and David II. In it was buried the hea"' of liruce.

SOOthly. Truly. Corn pare ./oz-wo//*.

21. — wicket. A small gate forming i)art of a larger one.
28.— fence. Defend.

29. — living. The income or !)enefic(! of a clergyman
80. — gifted. To the shrine the lands and livings, (jifteil in
the sense of presented is confined to Scotlaml.

Pagre .'{1, 9.— aventayle. Tlie visur or movable ]iart of
the helmet.

10. — Note the contrast between the " humble head " and
"noiseless step" of the barefooted monk, and the haughty
bearing of the messenger. Tlie S(^ft alliteration t)f the monk's
speech and the abrupt style of Dcioraine heighten the contrast.

15.— sackcloth. Coarse, rough cloth. It was often worn
next the skin as penance. The monk enumerates tlie various
sorts of penance he has undergone.

23. — The meaning is, " Mj^ breast being pent in belt of iron,
with shirt .... and scouige, my knees for threescore
years have worn ... in penance; yet," etc. The con-
densation is extreme, ami the construction not uniform.

30.— drie. Suffer, endure.

Canto IF.

1.S3

PjlHre ;{2, 1.— Tho irrt'siilur anrt tuiiil.linjj vorse carri.'rt on
tlic line of contrast after the old monk's ghostly manner and
solemn warning.

will. Desire, wish.

3.—'- Tho Borderers were, as may he supiiosed, v.'ry ignorant
about religious mattei s. ( oh iUe, in his Pnmu.sls or AJmonlfiou,
states that tho reformed divines were so far fnjia undertaking
distant journeys to convert tiie Heathen, ' as I wold wis at (iod
that ye wold only go hot to tho Hielands and Borders of our
own realm, to gain our awin countreymen, wlio, for lack of
preching ;^nd ministration of thosaeraments, mur.t, with tyme,
hecum .'ither infidells, or atheists.' But wo learn, from Lesly!
that, however deficient in real religion, they regularly told
their beads, and never with more zeal than wlien gning on a
plundering expedition." — Scott.

prayer. Seems to be a monosyllable in this line.

patter. Gabblo over without regard to the meaning.

?tin. Know.

SpOed me. Ac<-om|)lish ([uickly for me

11.— in Spain and Italy. The last Moorish kingdom in
Spain was ovortiirown by Ferdinand and Isabella in 1 1!>2, and
Ferdinand drove tho French out of Italy in 1501. In these
wars tho monk may have fought.

1.").— The cloister was a covered walk arouml a court.

"The cloisters were fre.iuently used as phuu's of sepulture.
An instance occurs in Dryburgh Abbey, where tho cloister has
an inscription bearing J/ >'<• J>,r, f /,.,/, r A, ■.■/iil„t/,/,i.s.'" -^Siuvr.

'lorealis.

-Streamers. \ort i

it-rn

i.ij,'...

•\iu<*ra

13.— jennet. A small Spanish horse.

11. -unexpected dart. " • " By my faith," sayd the Duke
of Lancaster (to a Portuguese s<iuire), "of all tho feates
of armes that the Castellyans, and tliey of your countrey doth
use, tho castyngo of their dertos best pleas.-tli me, and gladly I
woldo so it: for, as I lioar say, if they strike one aryghto.
witliout he be well armed, the dart will pierce him thrughe."
"By my fayth, sir," sayd tlie squycr, "ye say trouth ; for I
have seen many a grete stroke given with them, which at one

1:!
I i

184

NoTKH.

timo cost U8 doroly, ami wus to ti9 groat displ'a«uro ; f«jr, at
tho suidakyrinisho, Sir John Laurunoo of (.'(-_> gnu was strikun
with a dart in such wise, that tho head pcrcud all the plates of
his cote of inuylo, and a sacke st()pi)ed with sylko, and passed
thrugho his body, so that ho fell down dead." ' (Froissart, vol.
ii., ch. It.) This mode of fiijhting with darts wa.^ imitated in
the military game caUei Ji iii/o <k In-i canus, which tho Spaniards
borrowed from their Moorish invaders. A Saracen champion
is thus described by Froissart : ' Among tho Sarazj'us, there
was a yoiigo knight called Agadinger Dolyferne; ho was
always wel mounted on a redy and a Ij'ght horse; it seemed,
when the liorse ranue, that ho did fly in tho ayro. The knighto
seemed to bo a good man of armes by hisdodes; he bare always
of usage tliree fethered dartos, and rychte well he could handle
them ; and, according to tlieir custome, he was clene armed,
with a longwhite towell about his heed. His apparell was blacke,
and his own colour browne, and a good horseman. The Crysten
jnen say, they though te he dyd such deeds of armes for the love of
some young ladye of his countrey. And true it was, that ho
loved entirely the King of Thunes daughter, named the Lady
Azala ; she was inherytour to the realme of Thunes, after the
discease of tho kyng, her father. This Agadinger was sone to the
Duke of Olyferne. I can nat telle if they were married together
after or nat ; but it was shewed me, that this knyght, for love of
the sayd ladye, during tho siege, did many feates of armes. Tho
knyghtes of France wold fayne have taken hym ; but they
coldo never atrapo nor inclose him ; his horso was soswyft, and
so redy to his hand, that alwaies he escaped.'" — Scott.

17. — postern. Back door, private entrance.

ChanceL The east end of a church. From Lat. rmu-fllihs,
a grating. A screen or railing soi)arated the chancel from the
rest of the church. Compare r,iii<;L (See line 20 below, and
Plan, p. 32.)

21. — aisle. Wing of tlie abbey. Lat. alu, wing.

" The rhyme is not good and is dearly bought at the expense
of architectural oxactuess. The curved bosses at the inter-
section of tho ' ibs <tf n vaulted ceiling cannot fairly bo called
keystones, if they could be so called, it is not the alsles that
they lock. By quatre-t'euille the poet means tho four-leaved
flower which is so common an ornament iu the Decorated

C.WTO If.

ISf)

Style, r do not know any authority for tl.is ,mo of ,ho wonl.

V../OV-/ H applK..l to an ..,...,:i..g pi..n....| i„ f.,ur foils, but

•luito dimsrout from a four-luiiv...l 1,osh."-M,.s.,.„.
A Corbel is a pn.jootiug stono or pu-w

of timber supporting a supi,'rincum)u.nt

wuight, such as thosliaft or smull column

which supj)(,rts tho ribs of a vault. Thoy

are carved and moulded in a great

variety of ways, often, as in Melrose

Abbey, in the form of heads and faces.

Grose (Aii/iij. of S,of/,iii>r, i. i'j<») thus
descriljes the Abbey: "Wo entere<l at

the south door, and no exj.ression can cnvey an idea of the
solemn mugnificenco which struck the eye. The ronf of the
north and so.ith ends of the transepts r. mains, supported by
intersecting groins, of the lightest order; tho joinings orna
mented with knots, some sculptured with figures, an.l others
of pierced work in flowers and foliage; the arching of the*
interstices constructed of thin stones, closely jointed: over
the choir, part of the roof of like workmanship still remains.
The side aisles are formed by light clustered pillars, richly
capitalled, with garlands of flowers and foliage dispersed
de hcately in the mouldings ; in some the figures of animals are
interspersed. " — Mi nt( ».

2-2.— fleup-de-lys. An orna
ment in the form of a lily.

21.— clustered. Carved in a
cluster of small shafts.

25. flourished. C (; v , r o d

with carved flowers.

27 —scutcheon. A painte.I
shield. Lat. saifiitn, Fv. <s,-,ii,I,i„n.
riven. Torn in battle.

32 -Chief of Otterburne. "The fan.ous and .lesperato
battle of Otterburne was fought 15th August, I:{,SH. betwixt
Henry Percy, called Hotspur, and .Tames, Earl of Dou-las.
lloth these renowned champions were at the head of a chosen
body of troops, and they were rivals in military fame ; so that
Froissart affirms, ' Of all the battayles aiid encounteryngsthat

< 'on

ro x'l hri..

■ 11

186

NoTKH.

I havo mado moncion of hero before in all this hystory, groat
or Binallo, this battaylu that I treat of nowo was one of the
sorest ami Iwst foui^liten, witliout cowardes or fuyntc liertos :
for there was neythor knyghte nor seiuyer he that dy«le his
devoyre, and fouglito hande to liando. Tliis Imtaylo was lykc
thebatayle of Bocherell, the wliich was valiauntly fought and
endured.' The issue of the conflict is well-known : Percy was
made prisoner, and the Hoots won the day, dearly purcliasod l>y
the death of their gallant general, tlie Earl of l>ouglas, who
was slain in the action. He was huried at Melrose beneath the
high altar. ' His obsequye was done reverently, and on his
bodye layde a tonibo of stone, and hys baiier hungynsj over
hym.'" — Hcorr

Ballads coniinoniorating this fatuous battle may bo fouml in
Percy's Jitflt/iitM, and in Scot."- Bonhr Miiittn/Mi/.

33. -Knight of Liddesdale. "William Douglas, called the
Kniglwb of Liddesdale, flourished during the reign of David II.,
tind was so distinguished by his valor that ho was called the
Flower of Chivalry. Nevertheless, ho tarnished his renown by
the cruel nnirder of Sir Alexander Ramsay of Dalhousie,
originally his friend and brother in arms. The King had con-
ferred upon Ramsay the sheritTdom of Tcviot<lale, to which
Douglas i)retended soino claim. lu revenge of this i)reference,
tho Knight of Liddesdale came down upon Ramsay, while ho
was administering justice at Hawick, seized and carried him off
to his remote and inaccessible castio of Hermitage, whero he
threw hid unfortunate prisoner, horse and man, into a dungeon,
and left him to perish of hunger. It is said tho miserable
captive prolonged his existence several days by the corn which
ffUfrom a granary above tho vault in v.liicli ho was confined.
So weak was the royal authority, that D.ivM, although highly
incensed ut this atroeio is murder, found himself obliged to
appoint tho Knight of Liddosdalo successor to his victim, as
Sheriff of Teviotdale. But he was soon after slain, while
hunting iu Ettrick Forest, by his own go<lson and chieftain,
William, Earl of Douglas, in revenge, according to some
authors, of Ramsay's murder; although a popular tradition,
preservetl in a ballad quoted by Godscroft, and some parts of
which are still preserved, ascribes the resentment of the Earl
to jealousy. The place where the Knight of Liddesdale was
killed is called, from his name, William-Cross, upon the ridge

Canto If.

187

of a hill cjill.Ml Williiiiii.hoi.u, »H..twixt 'Iw«o,i aiA Yam.w.

]Ii8bu<ly,!iccor.lingto<Jo.lscinft, w,m,Mrri,M|toLin.Kimcl,„n'h
tho first night after hU doath, uu.l tht-nco to Molrone, wImiv ho
was iutcrnM with yruat pump, au.l wl.oro his toi.ih is still
shown."— Skit.

Pa«:e ;i4, 3- is. -Scott's ii.,to ou those liut-s helps to ex-
pluiu tho refureuces to «W, ,-, h,o/, ,n7/o,r, ,>•,:„ fhs. "Itisiiupos-
siiilo to conceive a more Iniautiful specimen (if the liyhtness an.l
eleguncoof (;<,thic architocture. when in its purity, than tho
eastern window „f Melroso Al.l.ey. Sir James Hall of Dunglas,
Bart., has, with great in .juuity an.l pla.isiMlity, traced tho
(iothio order through its- arioua forms and seemingly eccentric
ornaments to an architectural imitation of wicker work; of
which, as wo learn from some of tho legends, tho oarl'iost
Christian churches wore constructe.l. I,, such an clifico, tho
original of tho clustered pillars is traced to a sot of round
po<;ts, begirt with slender rods of willow, whose loose summits
wero brought to meet from all .luarters. and bound together
artificially, so as to pro.luco tho framework of the roof ; and tho
tracery of our (J.,thic windows is displayed in tho meetin- an.l
interlacing of rods an.l hoops, alTor-ling an inexhaustible
variety of beautiful forms of open work. This ingenious
- allii.Ie.l to in tho romance. Sir James JI.ill's Kssay
J Architecture is published in 7% K,lu,hin,h fhilo-
•/'! "rfiiiiitffiuiis.''''

-Michael. The central light of the oast oriel window
contained a representation in colored glass of the andiangel
Michael triumphant over Satan the ap.-stato ang.d : see /'n°n.
'Us,, Los,^ 13k. vi. The moonlight, passing thnmgh the re.l
cross held by Michael, cast a red shade upon the pavement.

20. -A Scottish monarch. '• A large marbl,, stone in the
chancel of Melrose is i...int.i.l outas the monument <.f Alexander
H."(king of Scotland, 12l() to 12I9J.— S<'..rr.

22.— Man of woe. A penitent doing penance for his sins.

23.— paynim. Pagan, heathen. Lat. ih,<,,ihhm. o Fr
i>'ikm.me, from Lat. /.ry/M, a village, a ro.mtry district wiiere
tho old religions lingered longest.

21.— fought as a Crusader. The Crusades wero eight in
number and extended over a perio.l of 177 years. Most oFthem

188

Not KM.

woro oxiH'.litiniis unih-rtakt'ii ngaiiist Suraiu-nH with iJio o»ij«'ct
u{ ntcoviiiiiK tiio II. .ly Stipiilcluu. Ah tho ciKhth criisa.Jo
ondwl in 1J72, tho Monk nmst, Iuto n-ffi- to tlio uxpiilsion of tho
M.oiii fn>m Hpain. Th.'y woi« Miihomniclans und tho wur^
woro iijyartlod :ts crusaiics. (Sot< note on 32) 11.)

28.- Michael Scott, "sir Michael Soott of flalwoarie
Houriahod during th.; IHth Cfntiiry. ... By a ixKJtical
uninhrouism, ho in h(>n< placed in a later era. He wan a man
of much learning, chiefly acquired in foreign countries. Ho
wroto . . . several treatises upon natural philosophy,
from which ho appears to have b.en addicted to tl: olitruBO
studies of judicial astroh)gy, alehymy, physiogn<irny, and
chiromancy. Hence he parsed among his contemporariea for a
skilful magician. Dompstt^r (U;27) informs us, that he n-mem-
iKJrs to have heard in his /outh, tiiat th.> magic Injoks of
Michael Scott were Htill in oxistonco, hut (,,uld not bo opened
without danger, on aiMrounbof tlio malignant fiends who were
thereby invoked. . . . Dante also mentions him as a
nuiownod wizard. ... A personajro thus spoken of >.y
biographeis and historians loses little of his niy.stical fame in
vulgar tradition. Accordingly, the memory of Sir Michael
survives in many a legend ; and in tho south of Scotland any
work of groat hibor and antiquity is ascrilH^d either to the
agency of An/d Mkhwl, of Sir William Wallace, or of tho
dovil. Tradition varies concerning tho place of his Imrial.
. . . . IJut all agret! that his books of magif. were interred in
his grave, or preserved in the convent where ho died."— Scorr.

30.— Salamanca's cave. "Spain, from the relics, doubt-
less, of Arabian l.-arning and superstition, was accounted a
favorite residence of magicians. . . , There were public
schools, where magic, or rather tlio sciences suppose*! to involve
its mysteries, were regularly taught, at Toledo, Seville, and
Salamanca. In the latter city they were held in a deep cavern,
tho mouth of which was walled uji by Queen Isabella, wife of
King Ferdinand." — S<:ott.

31.— Him listed. When it pleased him. ('omparo //«7///«/w,
iiUf (til", etc.

32.— Notre Dame. The cathedral of Paris.
bells would ring. " ' Tantamne rem tarn negligen-
ter?' says Tyrwhitt, of his predecessor, Speight; who, in

rAvio ir.

|N'.>

hMon „me„tary on rhaM....r, Un.\ ..,„it,...f. ... ..ivi..! an.I f..l.,.-

lou, tho .toryuf W».!onn,| hi. l.at (JMin^.-L.t,. to fl.o ..v.t
pnju.l.co of ,K..t,orit,-. tho ..........ry of tl.o (..n. ,.„.l th.\.o

»>o.Dij now ..nt.rely I..Ht. T!..a f,.turo u..ti,uari.w ,„,vlavno
...ch o,nMs.„n to ,ny charu^,, I l.uv., „„t..,| o.... or t.o ..| tho

MKwt current tra.liri. ... .ono.rnin^^ Mi.l.a..! S-oft. He «,».

King of Franco suM.fuct.on for certain piracio. con.,„it,..,l l.v
h.H 8«bj..ct« n,>on th.Ho of S,,otIa.,.I. In.t..ul of ,.r..,,Hri„.. •.
now oq,„pago an.l spl.-n-Ii-l retiuu.,. tho ..ml.,u.«.h.r n.rn.,.,7,..|

to h.s Htu. y, o,K,n.Ml his i k an.l ovok.-l a fl..,..i in th. shap-

of a hugo bhvck horse, ,,.ount..,l upon his h.u-k. an.! f.-r i him

t.. fly through tho a.r towards Franc... As .h.-y .,,oss...| th.
Hm. tho.h.v.I .n.s.di..u,ly ask...l his ri.h^r wh.t it was that tl...
•I'J «o,„..„ of Scotlan.l muttoro.! at I....!-,!,,. .. x ,,.,, p„
por.onco.l wizard n.i-^ht havo answers! that it was fh- I'ah.r
Nnstor wh.ch woMl.l hav.. Ii.u.nso.1 tl... d.-vil t.. pr....ipitaN. hi,,,
from h:, back. But Mich,..-! st..,.nly r..p,i...,, • {vhat! is ,ha .
1.-/ Mount, T).alHdus. and fly ! ' Wh-n h. ..rriv.,| a. Paris
ho Ucd 1..S horso to tho gato of tho palaoo. ontorod, an-l boldly
.lol.vorod h>. mossago. A,, ambassador, with s.. I.ttl., of the
|H.mpand c.rcumstanco of diph.,..a.-y. was not r...vivo,l with
muchrospoct and tho king wa. al...ut to n-furn a contoM.ptu-
ousrefuHalt. v., .,.„.„„,,, ,,,„.,^ ,j.^,,^^, bosought hi,., to s,. -
pond h.s r .fon till ho had «oc„ his horso stan.p thr.o
timos. Tho Hrst stamp shook evory st..eplo in P.ri, an.
causod an the boHs ,o ring; tho socm.i th'rew d..Jn 7 'ro.
J.e towers of tho palaco; and tho infornal sf-d ha.l lifto.l his
.oof to gjvo tho thir.1 sta.np, when th., king rath., .hoso to

stand to the probablo conso.,uo,..os. Another tir.,o, it is sai.l
t mt when ros.dmg at tho Tower of Onkwood. upon tho Kttri.-k
about thrco miles above S.dkirk, ho heanl of th., fa,.,o of a
s-.rceress call..,! th. Witch of Fulsehop... wl.oliv,..] on thoo!
pos.te s,.lo of tho nv,.r. M-.d.aol w.,nt on., mon.b.g t,. put her
sk.ll to the tost, but was di- .ppointo.l by h.r d.m yi,.: p..!itiv„,y
•>.ny knowlodgo of tho noc-romantic art. fn his .li.cour.. with
hor, he la.d his wand inadvorh-ntly o,. th., tabl... which the
hag observing s.i.hh.nly sn ttch.-.I un. a„,| struok him with it
*oeIing tho forco of tho charm, ho rush.-d out of th„ hou.e- but'
as xt had coaforrod on hhn the oxt.raal ai-pearunco of a 'haro,'

1 il

k-«*»»"

11)0

Not KM.

hiKM<rv«iit, wiii>waite<l without, hiilliMM'il iip<in thotlixRomfitod
wi/.ar(l hUown gntyhoiiDil^ uinl purAiiud liitn MoclnHn, tliat, in
or<lor Ut o))taiti a iiiomuiit'H t)n>atliing to rnvi-i-no tho olitirni,
Michuol, of tor a v«»ry futi^'uinij coiirso, won fuin t<i tuko rrfugo
in hin own juirh«i/i:(.li4iffiii, cornmoi* s«\v»;r). In offhT to ro
vonge himself of tho witch of FiilHuho|M', Michaul, ono iiiurninf,'
in tho onsuing liarvost, wont to tho hill uhovo tho hoimo with hin
dogs, and »«ent di>wn his servant to ask a hit of Jn-uiid from tli(«
good wife for hin greyhound^*, with instniftionH what to do if he
mot with a denial. Acconlingly, when tlio witch liad rofiinod
tho boon with contunuily, tho wrvant. uh hi* master had
dirt'ctod, laid obovo tlio d<K)r a paju ■ whirh ho had givon him,
containing, amongst many cabalistical words, tho well-known
rhymo,—

' MaUirr MicliiM'l Schii'm nnin
SiMi^lil incut, and ^al iianr.'

" Immodiatcly the gf>i>d old woman, in-<tea<i of iMirsiiing her
domestic octMtpution, which was baking lin-ml for tiic rca|.ors.
bogan to dance round tho fire, repoatin-j tho rhyin<'. and <r«)n-
tiniu'd this exercise till her husband sent tho reapers to the
house, one after another, to soe what had dolayed their pro-
vision ; but tho charm caught each as they entered, and, losing
all idea of returning, they joined in tho dance and chorus. At
length the old man himself went to tho house ; but as his wifc^'s
frolic with Mr. Michael, whom ho had scon on tho hill, made
hitn a little cautious, he contont«'d himself with looking in at
the window, and saw tho reapers at their involuntary exercise.
dran;ging his wi^e, now completely exhausted, sometimes
round, and sometimes through, tho fire, which was, as usual,
in tho midst of tho house. Instead of entering, ho saddled a
horso, and rode up tho hill, to humolo himself bofore Mir-liaol,
and beg a cessation of the spell nch the good-natured war-
lock immediately granted, directing him to enter tho house
backwards, and, with his left hand, take tho spell from above
thedof)r; which .accord in!,'ly ended tho supernatur;il dance.
This tale was told less particularly in fornier editions, and I
have been censured for inaccuracy in doini^ so. A similar
charm occurs in Jfnon. it,- llonnhnnjr, and in tho ingenious
Oriental tale called the dtfiith V'lthk.

"Notwithstandinj,' his victory over the witch of Falsehope.
Michael Scott, like his predecessor, Merlin, fell at last a victim

Canto If.

I1M

to fomuU. art. IIh wlfo. „r c..„cMil,i„. ..|„ i„.,| (,.,„„ ,,i,„ j,,,.
HOfr.,t, that iiiH art culd wunl ..iT any ,| u,j;or «x....pt tl.o
l".iH,M.(.iH -i.iulitiLM „( I. roth mu.lo of tlioH.«li ..f a /.,-.„,. h..w
S.irh a ni.HH Mho a.>.-.,r.lii,-Iya.|,„i„iHt„r.-l t.. tl.., wi/ur,|, w 1.,",
>\m\ m o..MH«., '•«"•••» of ,,aM«.^ it; H-irvivin-, l.ow.v.r, l.,n;r
unough to put to .|,.utl, hix trrac.horou* ••■<.ufl.lanto."-St;,Krr.

Pa»ro .-W, 2.-Elldon Hills. N....r M..lr.Ho. (So,, „,ap

?»a-o 8.) Tl.oro in a RuvdiT tiu.liHon tluit Lore h p KinJ

Arthur an.l hin kui-htg of tlio Roun.l Tul.lo. 8,.„tt'« i,ot«
u.\pliiiua thu woril '/iff:—

"Miohma Srott wfts one., upon a finio. mu.-h ,.rnl. .rnis^,.,!
byu «pinr, for whon- : .. was un.U'r tho li.r.ssify of fm.lin.r
r(,u>*tant oinployniont. Ho c.rMinaM.lo.l liit.i to l.i.il.l am,///
or.lAM.-hoa.l, across tho Twoo.l at Kdso; it was acco,Mp|isl.,.,i
m o„o n.jjht, an.l still .I.kss honor to tho inf-rn^l architoet.
Michaol noxt onh-nil that Eihlon hill, which was thon a
uniform c<.no, shouhi 1h, .livi.hd into tliroo. Anothor ni-ht
was Budioifut to part its su...n,it into tho throo ph-turcmo
p.uiks wliich it n..w hoars. At longth thn on.-ha..tor con., nor...!
this in.h.fafigal.lo .h-mon, hy ornploying him in tho h..p«losH
an.l on.lloss task of makinij r..pe» out of s..a-san.l."

i5.-massy nave. (So«, groun.i i.luu o. Moin pa-o;p \

I'honavo is tho lM.,|y ..f thochuivh an.l..xtcnJs f,-,. , tho" nm'r
.l.H.r to thocho-r, aii.l inclu.los tho part h.-iwota tho win.'s or
aisles. ° '

' l<'"'l "I ISraiiksoino, who

Pjitfe .-m, ».-his Chief.
was also a Soott.

11— his patron. Saint Mi.i,,,..!, wh..so ..a,,,., h.- boro.

27.-burn unquenchably. "Iiuptista Portia an.l ..♦hor

authors who treat. .f natural mug!,; talk inu.-h ..f .t.-rnal lamps
proton.lo.l to havo Iwn fouu.l ia aiicit-nt sopul.^hr.'s.
Ono of these poi petual lamps is sai.l t., havo ho.'n cHscovoro.l in
thotoml.of Tulliola, tho .laughter of Ci,er..."-Sc..TT. Ho then
go."s on to .juoto fror.i an ..M hook tho st-.ry uLout tho atto.upt
of tho ma-i.-ian Virgil to r.-m-w his lifo ..v "a y-vy .-xtra-
..nlinary process in which ono of these lamps'was omploy.-.l "

2a -eternal doom. T)..oms.iay, ti,*! i»ay of .ru.ignu'nt. r.s..<.

p- 122.) o -

ill

192

N(»TK

fi!

Paare ;t7, ss.— amain. Witli nuiin sfr.'nf,'th.
5.— passing. Surpassing', nnnarkaM^.

Pu«re ;JS, H.— cowl. A inrmk's h.....!. ( l,s..rv« tin, con-
trast of cul(.r in thosn linos. Thu(luscrii)ii..u licic given follows
the ordor of tiino. Note the details.

11.— the wizard. Th.; vuiy wise man, the end.auter wlio
had power to comrnan-l evil si)ii-if3 supposed to he due to a
compact with the devil, who at last claimed the soul of th.^
magician. Tiio serene aspect of Michael Scott's face seeins to
indicate that ho had in some way escaped the usual fato of
wizards.

13.-in Silver rolled. His l.,ng white heard flows down like
a silvery stream.

1 t.— some seventy. About seventy. Compare tlio Greek
KUTa before numerals.

15. — palmer. A pilgrim totlielfoly F.and, whol.rouglit hack
branches of jialm in proof of his mission.

amice. A fur-Iined cai.o; a s.iuaro linen clotli tied round
the neck and hanging over the shoulders. The former is
meant hero as the one worn by i)ilgrims, who wore a flowing
cloak called by this name which " wrapped liini round."

If!.— wrought. Eml)roidered with needlework.

baldric. A belt of Si)anish leather.

22. -fell. Cruel, fierce.

In so l)rotherIy a way.

Paare 31), 3. -so brotherly.

Usually an adjective.

10.— Compare this passage witli th(^ character of Deloraine
given on page 23.

13. —He thought. 'William of Deloraine might bo
strengthened in this belief by the well-known story of "he Cid
Riiy Diaz. When the body of that famous Christian champion
was sitting in state by the high altar of the cathedral church
of Toledo, where it remained for ten years, a certain malicious
.Tow attempted to pull him by the beard ; but he had no sooner
touched the f..rmi<lable whiskers, tlian the corpse started up
and half unsheathed his sword Tlio Israelite} fled, and so
permanent was the cfTcrtof his terror, that he became Chris-
tian," — Scott.

Canto TF.

1!).3

Wht'l 1 «'.'S='-^-"- «' tho strange n..i... loJd snl.s
laughter and ymcos are more effective than any dotailod de-
scnpt.on COM I he. The undefined terrihio is .„,.re dr.ad ul
than that which has I..st its vagueness. (-,.„„,„, ,5,„,m'
"Wi' nmir u liorril.lo and iiwfu'
Which iv'ii to iiiimo wad be iinliiwf.r."

— Tinii (»■ Shiiiifir.
PUHre 4<), l.-sped. A.-,.o,„plish..d, perf..r, i

5 Convent. The society ..f n.onks. \..t. , ;„„■.,„„. as-
seiiibly.

fi. -dead Tho sudden doath .,f the Monk ad-Is to the mys-
tery of tlie ' « black art. " ^

13.-mystie. Full of ti,e n.ysf.nes of magic. Tho word
con,e9 from the root .,., to hind, and a mvst.-ry mean
pnmanly the secret rite in which only tho initiated ..Jr
/iKCfTt/r) can participate.

15.-nerves. Muscles, sinews, (.'r. n ,v>o,, a string.

la-Cheviot. The principal p.-ak i,, the Cheviot ran-.,
south-east from Melrose. ° '

^22.-the Carter's side. Carter Fell is another peak farther

m!!^^!,""^'"""",'''" f ""°' "" ''"^ '""" ■" *h" "'«*"« "'ovo-
rnent, as co„. pared w.th that of page ::'.. Ol-s.-rvo the ste,>s in

the descnpt,on-"morning win.], dawn, cheerfullight, the sun

!':"T" p' •"'■',' ^■'^' ^""^ '"^^'^"•■" -^"^-d up .:

fairest maid " in the last lin^.

After the n.idnight scene at the wizard's tomi, the contrast
« pleasing, and wo seem to hroathe in the fresh air and feel
the genial sunshine of the S..pt..m}„.r morning.

2(5 -28. -Flower, violet, rose are the subjects of »■„/>„.,/
/te/md, and spread. BiOWS, blossoms.

b/"^® 1?' ^-^*''"«- -^ ^-rt "f ^--n ^vnrn by wo„,en and
by men. (See pag.> 5^, line 20. )

3 -she would make. Sh,M is the reading re.,uired by the

12.-tread. Footstep. Compare the elfects of the intorroffa-
tory form on pages 17 and 41
13

194

i •

NOTKS.

Pafire 42, 2.— foster-father. Her nurse's husband.

9-1^' — The construction is : — He was stately, and she

whore would you find lier peer? Anacoluthon.

12.— livelier. Very lively or bright. Compare the Latin
idium.

17.— fair. Tsed as a noun by tlie poets of the 18th century.
Supply who. The ellipsis is common in old Scotch ballads.
23.— ween. Expect, think.
melting. Affecting, touching.

Paife 4;{, 0.— The old Minstrel professes that he cannot
sing of love. But on pages 46, 91, and 92 we find some fine
passages describing true, true love. Ho only objects to tedious
descriptions of the interviews, not to the subject itself.

8.— The Baron's dwarf. "The idea of Lord Cranstoun's
Goblin Tage is taken from a being called Gilpin Horner, who
appeared, and made some stay, at a farmhouse among the
Border-mountains. A gentleman of that country has noted
down the following particulars concerning his appearance :—

" ' The only certain, at least most probable account, that ever
I heard of Gilpin Horner, was from an old man, of the name of
Anderson, who was born, and lived all his life, at Todshaw-hill,
in Eskedale-muir, the i)laco where Gilpin appeared and staid
for some time. He said there were two men, late in the even-
ing, when it was growing dark, employed in fastening the
horses upon the uttermost part of their ground (that is, tying
their forefeet together, to hinder them from travelling far in
the night), when they heard a voice, at some distance, crying
" Tint / tint ! tint ! " One of the men, named Moffat, called out,
" What deil has tint you ? Come here." Immediately a
creature, of something like human form, appeared. It was
surprisingly little, distorted in features, and misshapen in
limbs. As soon as the two men could see it plainly, they ran
home in a great fright, imagining they had met with some
goblin. By the way Moffat fell, and it ran over him, and was
home at the house as soon as either of them, and staid there a
long time ; but I cannot say how long. It was real flesh and
blood, and ate and drank, was fond of cream, and, when it
could get at it, woiild destroy a great do.al. It seemed a mis-
chievous creature; and any of the children whom it could

Canto II. |j,,-

rnaster, it wouI.nH..at an.l scratch without mercy. It was .,„co

frighten .,1 by Its first appearance ; and he, in a passion struck

upon ho groun.l; hut a was not stunned; for it set up its
head directly and exclaimed, " Ah hah, Will o' Moffat, you
stnko sa.r!' ,vi.. ...,. After it had staid there long one
evening when the won.en were nulking the cows in the Wn it

hey heard a loud shnll voice cry three tim.s, " ai,j„„ //,,,,, ,1

mtrred ani^"''' " '''"'['--'"'-' "-^ ''a-d iitantlydis-
appc ared, and was never heard of n.ore. Old An.lerson did not
remernher it, but said he had often heard his father, and othe

«t , and in n.y younger days I have often heard it mentioned
tl"V;::rr/>."'? ^"^---^-had the ren.otest doubt aTo

thinU .t ' "'■^' ^''^""°''' ^ "''^^'^ «"•". I -^nnot help
thinking there must be some misrepresentation in it. ' To this
account I have to add the following particulars from the no

;X :' rnlt^- ^''''' '-'^^^'^ -p-^^"^ ^'^- w-

ZrJ l^ "'"" "■'''' °^*"" ''^^'•'^ *" ^all upon Pete.

Bertram or Be-te-ram, as he pronotmce.1 the wonl ; and when
the shrill voice called Cilpin Horner, he innnUiatJly ackno "
edged It was the summons of the s u.l Peter Bertram : wo
eems therefore to have been the devil who had tint, or lo
the htt e imp. As much has been objected tof Jilpin Horner on
account of his being supposed rather a device of the author
han a popular superstition, I can only say, that no legend
which I ever heard seemed to be more universally creditediln
that many persons of very good rank and considerable inf orma
t.on are well known to repose absolute faith in the tradition "
-Scott. •«.uiLiuu,

ma'^rL-Tw""*'" "' *'" ''""°" "'"^ '"" ^^"^. J^'^-y re-
marks . The page is a perpetual burden to the poot and to the

reader; it is an undignified and improbable fiction w^. eh

rr rf r ''""'•' ^d-----^. -r astonishment? Ct
needlessly debases the strain of the whole work. He is not a
tricksy spirit' like Ariel, with who,a M,e imagination it
"resistibly enamoured. He rather appears to us to Jan
awkward sort of a mongrel bet.veen Puck and Caliban
limited in his powers to tlie indulgence of petty malignitiy and

>3l

196

Not EH.

the infliction of despicable injuries. Fairies and devils, ghosts,
angels, and witches are creatures with whom wo are all
familiar; but the story of 'Gilpin Horner' can never have
been believed out of the village where he is said to have made
his appearance, and has no claims upon the credulity of those
who were not originally of his ac(iuaintanco."

Against this narrow criticism stand the following considera-
tions:— (aj The goblin story was the prime cause of the poem.
The Countess of Dalkeith suggested the story to Scott as the
subject of a ballad which grew into Thr. Lay. {h) Scott says :
"Many persons of very good rank and considerable information
are well known to repose absolute faith in the tradition." It is
a genuine legend, not an invention of the poet. (<•) Before the
goblin page is brought forward the reader has been prepared to
receive the marvellous creature. The wonders of the midnight
at Melrose Abbey make the goblin a credible possibility.

14.— Reedsdale. The Reed rises in Carter Fell, runs south
and empties into tlie North Tyne.

15.— The Dwarfs explanation seems an enigma at the present
stage of the narrative. The Dwarf himself had been lost by his
master, but the whole secret does not come out for many
pages.

18.— gorse. Furze or whin, a low shrub that bears a yellow
flower.

whit —A. S. mht, a creature, or thing; some whit, some-
thing.

32— waspish. Irritableorvindictivc; arch, sly, litherlie,
lazy, A.S. lither, idle.

Pagre 44, H.— an, if. Weakened form of and. Sometimes
we find an if.

4.-between Home and Hei'mitage. This means all

along the Border. Hermitage Castle is in J.iddesdale (see map,
p. 8) ; Home Castle is in Berwick, at the eastern end of the
Border.

8.— See map. I'he Loch of Lowes is connected with St.
Mary's Loch, out of which flows the Yarrow. The site of the
church may still be traced.

12.— Scott here quotes from an old law record to show that
m 1557 "Dame Janet Beatouue, Lady Buccleuch, and a great

Canto Iff.

!97

nun, W x.( tlio nan.e .,f Scott " won, a-scuHod " for corning to tl.o
Kirk of St. Mury of the Lowe*, to tho nun.l^r of 200 persons
arruyc d m armour, and breaking in tlu, door of th« said kirk in
order toupprohon.l the Uinl of Cranstoune for his destruction."

1:5— would ride. Go on a raid.

It.— Lee. Meadow.

ir..-Wat of Harden. (See Lift, ,.f svou, page 12.;.)

1<">.— ThirleStane. A trisyUahh, Jht.'.

10.— burn. A brook, called a l>,rl- fartJi<jr Houth.

3:!. -cushat-dove. Wild pi-eon, stock-<h,ve.

Pllffe 4r>, a.-pondering. Weighing, reflecting.
9.— crowned. Brimniing with strong wine.

lO.-Velez. On the south cast of Spain, m the province of
Malaga.

20.-nectaP. In n.yth..logy the gods drink nectar.
cordial Clieering, exliiUiratin-'.

CANTO in.

Pa«re 40, l.-And. The Minstrel bethinks himself of
what he said in Canto II., page 43, line G. This unexpresse.l
thought IS connoctod with the thought now utten-d and a cer-
tain dugrei, of surprise indicate.l by tlio introductory and.

"The Minstrel is drawn with so much spirit that ho must
rank high amongst characters invented simply in order to set
oir a story ; in.leed ho seonis o%'eu more real than the historical
personages of whom he sings. The sin.pio, moving passa-es
on tho emotions dearest t<, Scott's heart are called forth "by
some remark of his audience, or are addressed directly to
them, and they are among tho best known passages in Scott's
poetry. '-Fi.atukk. ()bs(>rve },ow naturally tho introduction
of the Minstrel always arises out of narrative itself.

"Tho power of lovo has been shown by tho superhuman
powers wh.. have favorcl it, by th-.se who have boon sum-
■noned to oppose it; Crausloun is risking his life for it
I'eluraine's mission is to thwart it : this is tho meeting-point of

198

Notes.

I I

the two streams, ah.l though it tnay «ocin tl.at ..nJy the liven
of tho comLatants aio at stake, tho scjuol «huws that furthur
lasues are involveij."— 1'iiiij,|.,»tts.

8.— Kindly. A. 8. fyml, kind, nature, natural.

8.-recreant. First v«wel short. FaUo, traitorous, cuwar.1
ly. Low Lat. jihraso « nrr,-,/,,;, to own oneself beaten in a
combat, to bo .lisgrace.l . Compare misrrtunt.

ll.-Shepherd's reed. (Soo page 2fi, line 16 and note.) In
pastoral and b..,,olic pootry lovers are often represented as
shjphords.

Pllfire 47, 3.-gPove. Poets, hermits. pe..,.lo in retire-
ment, away from the bustle of aimp and com-f.

"In times of peace the shepherd sin-s of love; in war love
inspires the warrior's bravest deeds; the power of love is seen
m .h6 halls of the rich and thfe hamlets of the poor ; on earth
below, and in htaven al)ove."— Stiart.

10.-don. Doon,asr/o/istodooff. An example of CnW.,
called also S,/„ert.s,\ Symphyt!.m, or CmUtion. In the earlier
stages of English we find chill for I will, nill for we will, ,n,ltn
for wilt thou. These agglomerate forms were imn.erous.
1 wo symbolics would run together like two drops of water on
a pane of glass."— Earle.

2i.-The crane on the Baron's crest. " The crest of the

Cranstouns. in allusion to their name, is a crane dormant,
holding a stone in his foot, with an emphatic Border motto
Ihou shaft tmnt ere I mint. "—Scott.

22. -ready spear. P-oleptic epithet which anticipates the
action of the verl.-to hui., to strike, thrust, etc.-which is
here suppressed.

23.— high. Stern, angry.

24.— feudal. Arising from a fend or quarrel.
debate. Strife, contest.

28.-Other'S. The other's. A Scotticism.

30.-vantage-grOUnd. Before the horses could >»e brought
to full speed, a certain distance was necessary. Hence t' e
knights " wheeled around," line 29.

Pagre 48, 5. -couched. Fixed the si)ear horizontally in
the /^«^ which was a projection on the right side of the coat of

Canto TTI.

mail, and sorved to support the l.utt of tl.« luncc. Fr
to lay down, to fix.

9.— dint. Blow ; lent, gave.

I9J)

luiuhii

Tho white ash of

H.-FUndePS. Splinters, fragments.
Britain is famous for its toughness.

/•*■;•??.*"* ?°^**"* •^'"■^■' " "" J'^"''^'*' •••- «''"'"' «<«»^ J'l'itod
or lustitched with small pieces of iron, au.l usually worn hy

the peasantry of the Bonier in their journeys fro„. place to
place, as well as in their oeeasional skirmishes with tho moss-
troopers, who were most probably equipped with the san.e sort
of harness."— fliTsoN.

Tho ac(m was a stuflTod jacket, originally made of ...lilted
cotton, as Its name implies : it was worn under tbe m^.i! arn.or.
Speltalso„X«^„„„, ha,,uefo„u: from Fr. a,„jnctou, Spanish ,./.o,o,>
Arabic tU-qiltu, the cotton.

in.-saddle-fast. Fust in his saddle. (Compare r,Hj,j},.t,
ttttadfwtt, xhaiHf/ast, >nmthj'nM.

20.— mortal. Deadly.

23.— passed. Continued on his course.

83.— Inly. Deeply, secretly.

Pagre 40, 2.-myself. Old emphatic form, I myself.

3. -the swifter. This appears to l,e an obscure use of the
old instrumental dative as seen in - Th,: 2„ore tht merrier "
Here, the means by that, by that much. Compare Lat. tant.nn-
quaaum. The meaning seems to bo. In auy case I must move
swiftly and so much the swifter by reason of this c(»ubat

4.— shrift. Time for making confession and roceivintr
absolution.

11. -pride. A proud knight. Deloraiiio showed his con-
tempt for learning. (See page 24, linos 5-8.) Hence tho Dwarf
marvels to see him riding with a book under his corselet.

12.-b00k-b0S0med. ' ' At UnU.ank, two miles X.E. from
the church (of Ewes), there are tho ruins of a chapel for divine
service m time of Popery. There is a tradition that friars
were wont to como from Melrose, or .Tedb.in,^h, to bapti>:e and
marry m this parish ; and from Ixing in use t.. carry the mass-
book in their bosoms, tbey were called by tho inhabitants

200

Not KM.

MXS. — S(;oTT.

20.-unchrIstened hand. 'lhos« win, ha.i been haptixci

ha. i.owor t.. roHist enchunt,„ent aial tu ..vorcoiao inairical
spelLs. (Soe tho /tn/Zud of A/in Itmad iu 7h. Lmly of tlw. Lah. .-)

" Fur thou wort chriitoiit-d maii ;
For (TONS or Hi(f II ilioii will not lly.
For iiiutlerutl word or Imiii,"

Tho blood of tho wouu.IimI knight i.s oi,ually fff.ctivc.

25. -glamour mifc'ht. Tho power of ouchantmont.. iUftmonr
in the Jogouds of Scottish suiH-rstition, means tho niagi,, power
of imposing on tho eyesight of the sin^ctators, so that tli,.
appearance of an object shall bo totally differont from tho
reality. The transformation of Michael Scott by tho witch ..f
Falsehopo was a genuine operation of glamour. To a similar
charm tho ballad of JoUnuy Fa im,.utes tho fascination of tho
lovely Countess who eloped with that gypsx !- idor:—

" Hae soon as they suw li.r weel furd face.
Tliey cast the {jlamuiir o'er her."

30.— sheellngr. A shepherd's hut.

In this scone Cranstoun's action is quite simple and natural.
Yet mark how it seems to complicate tlio plot later on -the loss
of Branksome's heir-the challenge to combat-Cranstoun's
substitution of himself for Deloraine-out of all which ernes
tho resolution of tho plot in the consent of the La.lye to the
marriage. It is evident that the central unity of tho story is
contained in the r,Ve of this very page against whom tho critics
have often cried out. The Dwarf's intervention proves to be
the pivot on which the rest of tho story depends lor cohoronco
and unity.

Pnsro r>0, 2.-bufret. Stroke, blow.
7.— word. Saying, sentence.

14. -Who gave the stroke. In explanation of this mys-
tery Scott o"otes a letter by Dr. Henry More. It tells of a
certain old uagistrate who had studied magic so imperfectly
that ho coald not raise any dovil or familiar spirit, except one
who always came uncalled, and, with unseen hand, gave him
a clap upon tho back that made all ring again.

{'\s

IN.

2(M

!•'' — mote. Mav<.r«iiii I'l. „..,.»

ao.-gramarye. Mujric.
si.-welled. Uui, ,i out fi.,wt.<j

liojHjIess than over- tlu/T M ! "'' '"'"^'■"^^^ '»'•'•.•

Fiitfo r.t^i. -repassed. j>ass...i ,...,,•„ „„,,,,,

H.-traln. Allu,v.enr,k-..,.lnuvaua3-. r,at/,../°. , ,

•'.-seemed. Tho sui.ject is ,h,. ,.ia, . • ' '"•

etc

9.— lurcher. A .1...' that, /«,•,/„ v Im,l-. i- •

seizes hares, ral.hits, Jc. '"" '"" '" "'""^

aud

12. -The running stream dissolved the soell '• u :

finnarticoof i.<,i„ii.rf..itl, u * "« "w spell. It is a
in a living st Juu Vav 'v ' I "^^'r'"^"^"-"^ -" -"'-st
you au.l witches s./.H ' ^ *"''" '"'"'l-so a brook betuvn

safet,. .,;::^: 1;;!^ :: ;;:::-"^/;::'\^-- -- .^» --^-^

such a circumstance. 'J he H t '"'I" '^"^'"''>' """"

Bn-mptou inn,rrus u tia ! „T;': '"•'" f '^"^''l-^^''

spells, convert earthen ch ,::,:' ;;'^=:'-''^ -"'•'' ^'^
-M in the market; hut which ah : ^ ! iiu/"!";''"' ^'"^
foru, when driven l.y the deceive,, .mrc a 7r ^^ "" "'■".'"''
stream. But Brompton is severe on u .; ,?/ """""-

reason. 'Gens isfi sn,,,-,.; ■ , '' '' ^^''■^' ='""l

"'^ '^^•'-^Puicissirtia n.n so vnnfciK.cimi^ ' , tT.
most dis">TacefnI n,,,.. i . i •. '"" "u (imas i J hose

ol^^!^:,^:Zr!r '"'" ""•■•- ^'-P--er and

4''W r* .^T'-'/"'^^'-'^''- •■-"P-o the use of , , „„;,,

. '"^er, etc., to donoto certain fceliii-^s ,„• ,r.. in,.- ' ■, '
spleen was supposed to l>eth,-h>r.^; , .■ Pf-"'»s. I he

-r, as some ^ysicians hdd . "; ?='"• ■"''' ''"''"''^''•''>''
^vMch would L!t Thi: iLe. ' ""' "' ^"'^^ ^'"' ''^•^°''^''.

202

■

NoTKM.

18, 20. -but. The flrnt hut U ailvi.nwtlvo, the Mioond means
uuly, just.

82.— grisly. HIiloouM, torrihio ; A .H. .7»7/V»V, horrlldu ; allied
to gruowmio, Imt entirely dilToront from grixx\y, irroyirth.

Paire 52, ».— aye. Kvor; A.S. a, over, which indicates
the pmnunciatioii.

12.-wil(lePed. Bewildoro.1, Umt in the w.HMlland.

IH.— furlOUSlle. An imitation at Siwnsor'H artificial
archaiHm.s.

17.— wet. With tears.

19. — bat. Staff for walking with.

28.— In act to spring. Couchod ready t** spring.

Page 5;i, 4.— fellow. Taken with "u rough voice," in

linol. This word seems to Imj used for HiTvant or inferior. (See
Diet.)

5.— Ban-dog. The bloodhound was hold hy a leash i see line
29), and was therefore also a ban-dog. At page 60, line 8,
Sir Walter seems to speak of them as two different kinds
of dogs.

9.— him fro. An example of ajKH-oim and hyi^rhUon com-
bined. Compare " to and fro."

15.— barret-cap. A smull flat cap formerly worn by
archers. The same word as bimffa, a square cap worn h\
priests. Dim. of Lat. /nVm-., a woollen cloak or waterproof.

18 — clear, shining, liright.

20. -forest green. Commonly called Lincoln green or
Kendal green from the places wh»'re the green cloth worn by
the foresters was made. Chaucer's Yeman

" wan clad in cote and hwMl of grcno ;
A shcef of pecok arwcs bright and keno
Under his licit ho Iwir ful thrift ily."-/Vo/o(/ur, KO.

23.— furbished. Polished. Fr. /o«/«V, to polish.

25.— fence. Defence. The Knglish yeoman's buckler or
shield was very small. It was often made four feet long and
covered the whole body.

29.— leash. A tliong of leather, or a long line. Lat. /axa
{rtfttiii)^ a loose rope.

Cavto nr. .^^.j

mil MiiiiiK «'• thilr tl|M thiir lMiirl,.M shrill

5itr-:^:£ Sf^prr^

t'olyulliion, SiiiiK Lii •

1"S. A , ,, ' 1,?, • " "'"""' ■"' '""■"«■■"■'.<, in tl„, 11,1.1, „r
stroke. ^'' *=* «'«'n.Hideru.l t., l,o a foul

.s.Sfo;"'.!;,;';;-^!:™"- '^■"•"■" ' '" ' ••' "•"

thllkT*"""*"^- ""■"'■•■ •■' ' "■■"■■. «-' 'i.«„k .„,

2i.-eommand. Chieftainship.

21.— I will wagor my how, .-tc.
25.— (JivB th.'.ii trouhle enough.
33.-much annoy. Poetic <licti„n-ann.,yanoe

lire. Head-dross, vm-t form of attire.
5.— Simon Hall.

»i.h -„peLr";:;„,.::;:.:„f ;:'■""'"« .-."' «— >

tion. »'ui(ior-i. . unmgammuni-

1- /«ef>,w. Dutcli A«a>Ci,t., a gun with a ho.,k. The-

.>f

•JO J

Ntt'ii'X

'^¥

lH.,.t Htnck wuH a Kn.ut ii.M.rov..,n.„i ..„ .1... .„ igi,.u| /.„, .,, „„„.
iotnpueii UtiHi/iiliHM. •*

1 1.— possessed l»y au «<vil ipii it

25. charm. lucun.ation, u r..,„„.la of «„r.|H „ifh ...airio
IH.w.r. 1 Im, oI.I ..|. nil for .tuiul.ing I.|..,h| rui,H tlnm :_
" III llic liliMiil „( Ailaiii •!• Hill uii-. I.ik.ii.

Ii.IIm. I.l.,u,l„f<i,i|,tll M,i>:ull l..-.|mk,.n.
Aii'l ••>' llu'Haiiir hloiiil l«l«M.||Mit(liaiK.f
'I'lial OiDUiiiMt riiiii) III! luiitftT at lartft."

ft).-ThiM U tliocluliiut,..! •' H3 .•.Ptttl...tic"f,.,., of Sir Iviielni
Ihahy. It conHiHtcl in api-iviny u ci-.taiu - sy.i.pathotic
iM.wclur to tl.o weapon that lia.l cans,.! th., wo.in.l ii.st.u.l of
thu wo,.,..l its..lf : tho latf.r was ......viy k.pt clean an-l cool.

Sir K.nd... |.n.f..n,l...| that 1... l.a.l loaru.-.l tJ.in uwt\u„\ of cure
from a (.arua-lito friur who J.a.l l.a. uud it in Arinema ..r J'«,Hm
I J.rtHun.o that tho su.ecsH aHcrilH-.l to the 8yn.,.utheti,; n,.H|..
of trnatn.out might uHso frun. tho paiun l....tovM..l i„ washiuif

tho WOU...I, and oxclu.liuij tho air, thu« bringing on u cnv l.y
tho i.r^t ...tout.on. It is introduce,! l.y Dryd.n in th. h'..,;,a„f„l
J^'unf, a (Vfry iinn.^cossary) alteration of tho 7', „,j„st .--
' .«»/'/. Aiioiiii III...W01-.1 wlii.h pirnt..! |,i,„ Mill, ,,,|^
\V.i.|M.i. siilM. an.l wrai.il il.,.„. fii.nniir.
Till I liavc'liiiifio \Kii liiiiia«aiii.' .I,t '\ . sr. 2.

" Again, in s,...nr Itl., Miranda ..nt.-rs with iri,,,..,i:to-s nw.jrd
wru).t lip : —

* //(■/<. •> Miy wimiiil jKiiiis II, I- !

.\lir. la,.. ,.„,,...,.. ,.a.o yuu. |.s7... „„„.,•„/,. //„• .„,„.,,.

////'. Alas. I f,.,.lll„■,•,•l,|i,iI•,•ol..,■|ul.l.•;
M.\ Willi. Ill kIiimiIs WiiiNc lliati i'\ XT.

.1//.". \U,cH it si ill Kiicvo you /

... -. , \^''> "'/"Xilliil )iitin„l.i tfi, .sirnrit

n>l>. Now. ...Hliinks. lll.•l•.•sMH..,.Il,in^rlai.|.j„s „ j,.

Mir. J)i>.Miii fill, I ,„, ,.,,,. /

///.". V'-. y,.s: ll|M..l 111.; Mi.l.h.,1. ill this . ,i„
Is having,' .„... .Suet lu-avuii. how 1 an. isr.l ! ' ■ s, ,,it.

Pjijre r>«, 1. -A night and a day. is,.o Sctts j'r..facH

pngo llti, and tho 'Jinio-Analysi.-*, pa-o 1 17.1

Deloraino no douht rocoverod at tho end of t},o night and
day. On pago 92, lino M, tho l.adyo boliove.s tho charn, has
been successlul; and on page !»7 ho appears "a half-naka!
ghastly man," u ho has rathor ovorslei.t hin.solf. But on pa-o
100 ho Id well enough to coinposo a 2Mino epitaph. °

C.\srn Tir.

JO..

B.— Tlio followiiijf an- th.. ('hit.f

in«» iiitfhtH aid tlir..|, ,|

♦•' miirkH that iii.li,.Hto thr

Putf.. II.- "Tho f..«Mt was ..v.T in nrank.o.,M. tnu,.,- "
5i-.~" Who,, If.un.-k I... ,.,M....| |.;i,| «„,„.,, ^„„^
^ Now niMnight, liu„U «».,.. i„ Ar..|r..-n s,,,,./"

&«.-••. N. pasMwl tliodiv, fh.t ..v.-ni,,.' f..|| "

'»".— .\»>.| .•.■.■Icorii.t vvui tlio I |> ,,f ,li,v "

'*•*■ — I ho Httt, H d«H'lini„g ray."

H!>. -"Sin, vi.'w.I ,ho <fa\v,iiiig ,lay."

ll«.-*' U),,',' Lcioro tln'si,iki„j;,I,iy."

20 -western star. v....,,.. ti voni„g .,.,.. v...,.h wan

Tim pa,., uu.l M,n r,r-t, oi,!,, |i,,., ,.„ ,.a... -.7 un, ,.h.w..„ hv
eirroy fo.- spocal r..,„,w.k an an .-xampl., ,.f tl,.. " pro-li..;,.,,.
.mpr..v..,„o.,t uhi,.h thn sry... ..f tl.o ..I.| ,...„.,„..., ^ ^LpaM , .

an.l go,, 1., a,ro.:t,i..,.s. Tl.o o,r....t of M.o pi..„„-o i. ,X

:;::t;, '^ "'- "•"•^-^ -^ •- ^- < M.u,-rn...„u. p.... a.,:,

AsparaUoIpa^aif.,., th„op,.„i,.. |i„.., ,f ,{„„., ,,,^..
thost,an.as„oartl.ooI..o.,f />„../..„,,'„,„„ ,,1. ■ .„„,,„,,.:

ia a bridal -Houir lic-'inii

11,1

^cspor adost," cti

Piitfo ."iT, I.— cresset. A

polo, uHcd as a lamp. Ci

0.— seneschal, stc

II (

■n

a,id xhilL.t, a si

Iiicf s

pohoriMip at tli(. top (,f

;/,/,

frill I .

wart, (

i.*i.— bale of flre. A

rvaiit. Ooiiipaio maiNiial.

■rvatit. (Jdtli

•M.

Mioant any gi-oat firo, .-i Id

/"«/' is a I'oai-on-firo. Ori-inall

l>l

IZIllg p!l

Hzin- fir... Kntiroly .Hstinct Irom l.al

A.S. /»/,/, Scaii.l. I.iil.

y If.

evil, and hale, to etnpty.

il'", a package, l»al««

Tlie liordor 1

foi-med a sort of tol.-'rapl

)oacons. from their numbi

•or and position,

Tho Act of I'arliattu-nt I \:^r^

pliu! oommunic.uion with Kdiu!.!!r"J

got sliall Ito warnin"- of tl

■1. c. IH, diroots tliMt, ono l.al

manner ; two bales, that they

«J approach of the Kn^li-il

o «)r

gii-*li in any

a,-o iioinimi iiulixl ; four bales

ffi

20G

NOTKS.

blazing besi.le each otlior, that tho enemy are in groat force.
Those iHmcona (at least in latter times) were a 'long
and strong tree set up, with a long iron polo across tho head of
it, and an iron brander fixod on a stalk in tho middle of it, for
holding a tar-barrel.'— Stovenson'a Jll-fory, vol. ii. p. 701."—

S(H)TT.

10.- scout. To spy, to roconnoitrc! ; I^at. iiiisni/fnn, to
listen, Fr. t'coiito:

17.— Mount for BrankSOme was the gathering word of the
Scotts. Tho whole description of tlio gathering of tho Scotts
and their allies maybe comi.ared with that in the B<»rder
ballad olJawte Ti/jW, given in tho Jinnhr MiHMr<l<!i :—

" Gar warn the water, braid and wide.
Gar warn it snnc and hast ilie !
They that winna ride fur Ti-lfm-'s kyc
L(!l. thcni never look in the face o' nic !

Warn Wat o' Ilartlcn and his sons,
\W them will Horlhwiek Water ride :

Warn Gandilands, anil Allanhaufih,
And Gilnianselenjfh, and C'ominonsidc.

Hide by the VTAtc at I'ricsthanKhswire.

And warn the ("nrors o" the Lee ;
As yt! enm down the Ilennitatre Slaek,

Warn doughty Willie o' Gorrinherry.

Tho Scotts they nidc, the Scotts they ran.

Sac starkly and sae steadilie !
And aye the ow(>r-word o' the thranjr

Was—* Rise for Hrank-ome readilit- ! ' "

24. -the warden of the Scotch Marches, not the warden of
the castle, as on the preceding page, lino '20.

2f>. — "The speed with which tho Borderers collected groat
bmlies of horse, may bo judged of from the following extract,
when the subject of the rising was much loss important than
that supposed in tho romance. It is taiion from Carey's
Mtmoifs : —

" 'Upon tho death of tho old Lord Scroop, tho Queen gave
tho west wardonry to his son, that had married my sister. Ho
having received that office;, came to me with great earnestness,
and desired mo to be his deputy, offering mo that T should live
with him in his house; that ho would allow me half a dozen
men, and as many horses, to be kept at his charge ; and his fee

Canto ITI.

207

being 1000 merks yearly, he would part it with nio, and I sliould
liave the half. Tiiia his noMo ulFor I accepted of, and went
with him t«> Carlisle ; where I w;is no sooner come, l>ut I entered
into my ottice. We hud a stirring time of it; and few days
past over my head but I was on horseltack, (dthur to prevent
mischief, or take malefactors, and to bring the Biirder in better
quiet than it had been iu times past. One memorable thing uf
God's mercy shewed uutt* mo, was such as I have good cause
still to remember it.

'I had private intelligence given me, that there were two
Scottishmen that had killed a churchman in Scotland, and
were by one of the Gnemes relieved. This Gneme dwelt within
five miles of drlisle. Ho had a pretty house, and cIoho by it a
strong tower, for his own defence in time of need. About two
o'clock in the morning, I took horse in Carlisle, and not above
twenty-five in my company, thinking to suriaise the house on a
sudden. Before I could surround the house, the two Scots
were gotten in the strong tower, and I could see a boy riding
from the house as fast as his horse could carry him ; I little
suspecting what it meant. But Tliomas ('arleton came to me
presently, and told me, that if I did not presently prevent it,
both myself and all my cotnpany would be either slain or taken
prisoners. It was strange to me to hear this language. He
then said to me, " Do you see that boy that rideth away so
fast? He will bo in Scotland within this half hour; and he
is gone to let them know that you are here, and to what end
you are come, and the small number you have with you; and
that if they will make huste, on a sudden Uiev may surprise us,
and do with us what they please." Hereupon wo took advice
what was V)est to be done. We sent notice presently to all
parts to raise the country, and to come to us with all the speed
they could ; and withal we sent to Carlisle to raiso the towns-
men; for without foot we could do no good against the tower.
There we staid some hours, expecting more comjiany ; and
within short time after the country came in on all sides, so
tliat we were quickly between three and four hundred horse;
and, after some longer stay, the foot of Carlisle came to us, to
the number of throe or four hundred men ; whom we presently
set to work to get to the top of the tower, and to uncover the
roof; and then some twenty of them to fall down together, and
by that means to win the tower. The Scots, seeing their

208

Notes.

present danger, ofTereii to parley, and yielded themselves to my
mere- They had no sooner opened the iron gate, and yielded
them ves my prisoners, hut wo might see 400 hirse within a
iiuartur of a mile coming to their rescue, and to surprise me
and my small company ; but of a sudden they stayed, and stood
at gaze. Then had I more to do than ever; for all our
B(»rderers camo crj'in;^, with full mouths, ''Sir, give us leave
to set upon them ; for these are they that have killed our
fathers, our brothers, and uncles, and our cousins ; and they
are coming, thinking to surprise you, upon weak grass nags,
such as they could get on a sudden ; and Hod hath put them
into your hands, that we may talro revenge of them for much
blood that they have spilt of ours." I desired they wtmld be
patient a while, and bethought myself, if I should give them
their will, there would be few or none of the Scots that would
escape unkilled (there were so many deadly fouds among them) ;
and therefore I resolved with myself to give them a fair answer,
but not to give them their desire. So I told them, that if I
were not there myself, they might then do what tliey pleased
themselves; but being present, if I should give them leave, the
blood that sliould be spilt that day would lie very hard upon
my conscience. And tlie'i-fore I desired them, for my sake, to
forbear : and, if tlie Scots did not presently make away with all
the speed they could, upon my sending to them, they should
then have their wills to do what they pleased. They were ill
satisfied with my answer, but durst not disobey. 1 sent with
speed to the Scots, and bade them pack away with all the speed
they could ; for if they stayed the messenger's return, they
sliould few of them return to their own home. They made no
stay ; but they were returned homewards before the messenger
had made an end of his message. Thus, by fJod's mercy, I
escaped a great dai'ger ; and, by my means, there were a great
many ifien's lives saved that day.' "—Scott.

Pag^e *>8, 3. — Veitch tells us that a bale-firo lighted in the
evening carried its tidings so swiftly that "at tlieFireburn near
Coldstream, by early morning ten thousand armed men have
been known to meet together at a single place of rendezvous."

Pag'C r>{). 7. — tarn. A small lake among the mountains,
often without outlet.

8. — earn. The golden ea'^le or tiie osproy.

Canto III.

209

— cairn. " Tlio cairns, or piles of looso stones, wliicli cmwn
tlio sutnniit of mostof our Scottish li 11 Is, and are f«»iinil in other
remarkal)lo situations, seem usually, thoii'jh not universally,
to have been sepulchral monuments. Six flat stones are corn-
monly found in the centre, forming a cavity of greater or
smaller dimensions, in which an urn is often placed. The
autlioris possessed of one, discovered beneath an immense cairn
at Koughlee, in Liddesdale. It is of the most barbarous con-
struction ; the middle of the substance alouo having l)een sub-
jected to the fire, over which, when hardened, the artist had
laid an inner and outer coat of unbaked clny, etched with some
ven rude ornaments, bis skill apparently being inadequate
to baking the vase when completely finished. The contents
were bones and ashes, and a quantify of beads made of coal.
This seems to have been a barbarous imitation of the Roman
fashion of sepulture." — Scott.

12. — Law. Hill ; A.S. hlmr, a mound. Those were two
beacon hills in Berwick.

13.— the Regent's order. I'he Karl of Arran was Regent
for Mary Queen of Scots until l"j.", I, during ht^r absence in
France, which lasted from I'llS to 15<)1. After 1551 her
mother, Mary of fJuise, was the Regent. Mary (iuccu of Scots
was born 1512, became Queen of Franco 1550 .■ widow 15(i0,
Queen of Scotland 1561, she fled to England 15ii8, and was
executed 1587.

bOWne, or boun, to make ready, prepare. It still survives
in such expressions as "homeward bound," '• bound for Lon-
don." etc.

P.iaro 0(), 2. -massy stone and iron bar. Those wore

pile<l up on the walls t.o be liiirled douu on assailants. Some-
times tliey W(!re shot from springaids, liugo crossbows that
rtisembled the Roman catapults.

;?. — keep. The strongest i)art of the castle, designed to witii-
staud a long siege.

1!^. — Tho Leven is cm the west, the Tyno on tlie east side of
England. Tynedale, valley of HieTyni'; M.E. »/'//« , Kan. <lnl.
• Jer. thai. Compare didlar ami thaler.

black-mail. Money exacted T>y outlaws from landowners
along the Border in return for protection from robbery, lllmh,
14

210

NoTKS.

if :

ii !

1 1-

• ...

evil, sinister, as seen in 1>laok-lfg, Mack-guanl ; wiaiV, rent,
A.S. 7nn/i'.

Nototlifi condoiisation, simi)1icit.3' ami pathonof tlio Interluilo.
The soft jilliteriitioii suits tlio touch of |>ity excited hy the
sadnesj* and isolation of the ngtul Bard.

"Nothing can exc!<d the simpio concise pathos of the close of
this Canto — nor tlio touching pictviro of the Bard, when, with
assumed hnsuiits, ho tries to conceal real sorrow. How well the
poet understands the art of contrast — and how judiciously it is
exerted in the exordium of the next Canto, where our mourning
sympathy is exchanged for the thrill of pleasure!" — Miss
Seward.

A f ter Deloraine's combat and the loss of the young heir of
Buccl(Mich, tht! attack of the PiUglish hast*>ns the catastrophe
and brings us to tho main turning point in the action of the
poem.

In reviewing the preceding part of the poem, which com-
prises within it most of the author's salient characteristics, it
may be useful to read it once for u special study of the

VOCABULARY.

1. — The proftnrfinn of cfnioiieal irnrds to vntirc irorth may be
noted. Some of Scott's numbers are nlmost pvire Saxon and
nearly monosyllabic. Examjles: Page 11, lino I'jand following
verses; page lO, lines 5-25 ; and pp. 53 and 61. At otlier times,
when he is describing the arms, customs, officers, etc., brought
over from France, his vocabulary grows largely classical. The
same thing happens when the rites of the church Iiave to be
mentioned or when law terms are required. Examples, page
17, lines 11 and following; page 33, from lino 17. Compare
Deloraine's words on page 21 with his utterance on page 32.
Architectural details are given chiefly in words of classical

The laws, customs, ceremonies, military and ecclesiastical
systems of the Normans account for iiiost^ of these words. The
usual proportion of classical words in modern English is from
20 to 30 per cent.

2. — The. nrchnixniH awl oh.'whte vior<U use<l by Scott are numer-
ous and evidently meant to give the poem an antique air.

Canto I IF.

211

M
?

Some of them are merely archaic spellings imitaU.l from
Sponsor, such as L,„I,,>, vlhssr, h,„rtlH, ; ethers aro iu,i,. ..lately
obsolete, sucli as whmax, irilhni, nx»f, Uxhr, »; ,„nf, oirch, .-tc.

3.— We find a copious use liore and th.r.. of n-on'., nwiinui. i„
l>ottic diction, such as hrnud, st,,d, .//vs, m„/«, ,j„n, lid,, etc.

•1 — Besi.les these we have a dlsiinvtl,, Sroffi.Hh tlnnnd which
apparently consi ts of Saxon wordn that have survived in the
old kin-<lom of Strathclyde, where a large i.n)p..iti„u of tlie
people are "more English than the English." never having
suffered from foreign invasions Ui any extent. Such are
fxhtst, howm, kttp, drit, hum, tryM, etc.

Ty. — Krlllc vords, such as llni, si,,,,,,,,, ,,„li;„rd, r/„i/,„or>, ,j/n>,
etc., which come from the Highlands of the north.

CONDENSATION AND DIFFUSENESS.

In connection with the lang.iago employed in the poem, wo
may note examples of marked brevity and of studious ampli-
fication and repetition. There is an economy in brevity as
well as an impressive effect tliiit is often artistic. At page 23,
lines 29-34, and page 20, lines 1 18, wo find terse passages which
we may compare with others that are obviously lengthened out
for a purpose. (See pages 21 and U.) Tliis deliberate con-
ciseness is often the result of (a) A haj.,,;/ rhoia. of a .si,„,lE word,
(/>) Comjioniidiiit; vord,^, {,■) The use of a,;,rdi„nti„,,, ],rJ,,.fi,l
and other epllh,ts, ^d] The Ui^oofth,' j^trfin/,i,d r„„.^/n,ctio„, ,■) The
use of the ahrid,jtd mntaire and ofcwd.nsi,,,,,),,,,,; .-< o/.^jn^tch. We
may easily select examples as wo review the poem.

Sometimes a pleasing effect is secured in oratory and in
poetry by intentional ditfusfuess and th,; itcnition of the
same or of similar thoughts and shades of meaning. Tlie text
on pages 45 and 4<i will serve to exemplify several of the arti-
fices that produce amplification. The chief modes are the use
'*'■ W) Syuoiiyiiujiui word.-< find //Am^.s which are som(;times bi-
lingual, (,j) Rrdiinduiit n„d iihoiKislIc t.t/„;..^sio„s, (h) I'hras, ■<, lomj
dan>^tH or ereii ,rh(At ■stntuin.s ,r/o re a ■■^iii,jh u'ord or a v>.ri//,w Irord..,
>ro,i/d mr convey the literal mecuing. Occasionally this

leads to 'it digression .jud introduces details not strictly

uuucssarj . .ho maUer ui^Jer consideration, but still serving
to attract attention and give j)leasuro by creating a seccmdary
interest. We find examples for study on p.iges iVJ and 59.

111

" m

212

NoTKS.

"4 ■

i I'

ART EMOTIONS.

The various aesthetic interests of the poi-m dcHorvo uttL-ntion.
We may give the preceding cuiitos a siu-cial reading to ohstrvo
carolully how Scott handles (X-) fii/hf, colour, aud ^omiil. It is
generally believed that his ear for music was ratlur defective
and that his eye for light and shade and delicate tones of color
was one of the very best. Wo can easily cull passages that
will help us to study these three points, (f) The music of j,<h tri/,
which includes melody and harmony. Music excludes discoid
and harshness except under very rare circumstances. In
poetry the satisfaction of tlio oar demands the elimination of
letters, syllaldes, and words or their combinations that are not
euphonious. Good metre and perfect rhymes support the
general melody. Of course, the proper test is to read the poem
aloud and continuously. In The Lny it is often necessary to
give the Scotch •' burr " to bring out the proi)er etTect ; but tlie
music is very unequal. In a few passages the melody is nearly
perfect, the metre and the rlij-thm being w(!dded to the thought
and the feeling. Even where harsh combinations and bad
rhymes occur the dissonance is often relieved by the energetic
flow and masculine force of the narration. Pages t>(), 40, and
21 afford examples of Scott's melody at its best.

Harmony implies adaptation and includes intentional dis-
coid as well as music. A few notes of discord are s(jnietinies
thrown in to heighten by contrast the finest j)assages of music;
but our greatest composers of music and poetry carefully
avoid harsh sounds unless for the purpose of contrast or of
imitation. The priiicipal examples of harmony in poetry
occur when {m) ihe .soiiiid ichois ih< .v<«.sr, as on i)ages 20, .SI, 52,
and 57.

(h) Th mnrfnifnt of the ruse inilfn/i i w of inn, ease or lUfficnlty,
(jladmxn or .sorrow, ami (he like. Thus on page 21 we have
dancing and mourning, and on page 25 tlie galloping of ahorso.
On page 59 the clang of armor and the peal of the alarm-bell,
and on page 43 the "dwarfish ape," are described in words that
aro intentionally discordant, and in lines thatkeo)) time to the
bell and to the patter of the goldin's leet. So also on i>age 52
we have a movenu^nt suggesting the rapid bounds of the dog as
well as his punctuated baying.

Canto TV.

213

[jt) Til) htiti'i m< lit mill Ihi sniniil nfth,

eittuia fiiiiiM ofjiil'ni,!. TliUH tho firnt liii.M *i tlio pr.-liid
rtlouly ill liuiviK.iiy with the Umv\

'/» r< rif fif/i/romtihii to xiiifijiMf
u iMiive

iiioss, poverty, and
that cxeito our pity. On pages Hi o.jvl 17 again wo fin-l a light
!iu<l joN'ous movuiiient coinbincd with tho rising iiiHoction ami
inoloilious wonU whlcli exactly suit,! tho »loscri|.tion of victorious
love.

As wo go on «tu<lying Seott's art wo nioet with (7) Tfit
liifinst 0/ e/iuiiir/ir, wliicli includes among other things de-
lineation, development with time, contrast and interaction
with other i)ersonages in tho poem.

(/•) Thiiinlirist. of /.Inf mul .•.hi/mii.sc. Tho first recjuires com-
pli<tati()ii, resolution, and a satisfactory close, while the second
di'tiiands skilful distrihution of tho details, proper light and
sha<le, and, most diflieult of all, successful transitions from one
unit of tho narrative to the next.

(s) ViirioiiH fiflniiis i.rr!f,if, such as compassion, love, sorrow,
sympathy with niituio, admiration of l.eauty, coura-o and
strength, contempt of uglin.'ss, c(.wardi(!o and weakness; fear,
joy, patriotism and reverential awe. Tho Minstrel, Lord
Walter, tho Ladyo, :\largarct, tho young heir, Deloraino, and
Cranstoun supply a rich study in action and feeling.

It:;

CANTO IV.

PjlK'W <>— . — '■ Some of the most interesting })assages of tho
poem aro those in wlii.-h the autlior drops tho business of his
story to moralize, and apidy to his own situation tlio images
and reflections it lias sii;,'-esied. After concluding one Canto
with an account of tho warlike array which was prepared for
tho reception of tlie Knglish invaders, ho opens the succeeding
one with tho following beautiful verses. . . . There are
several other detached passages of ocjual beauty, which might
be .juoted in proof of tlio elTect which is ])roduced hy this
dramatic interference of the narrator." — Jkkkkkv.

'" The first two stanzas niavservo asa reminder of tho ehano-o
that.Scott iutrodu(;ed upon the reilective poetry of th(! eighteenth
century. The Minstrers strain of reflection is an echo of
Rogers' Pltasn,x.so/ Munory, whoso elegant musings on tlie past

*. -i

214

NoTK«.

a i

i
1

. i

had Homo Hharo in forming Scott's historic nontimont. But thf
rofloctiuus of Kogers aro oltstract, detached from individaal
human iiitorest, common to humanity. Hero, on tho other
hand, we liave not moruly reflections in general on tho changes
that time brings, but iMsrsonal emotion, tho touclung retrospect
of an individual man, with joys and griefs of his own to
remember, awakened as in real life by casual incidents. This
exhibition of warm personal emotion, sot in a moving stream
of life, was one of tho novelties of The Lay, and one of tho main
secrets of its effect."— Minto.

Observe tho contrast between tho calm serenity of those first
two numliers and tho stir and bustle tlint follow. The Ihiiml
allittmtion of tho opening lines is a sample of the workmanship
Scott could produce when he took the necessary time and pains
—which ho seldom did. These fine overtures in The Lay, Mar-
mion, The Lailyofthe. Lake, and The Lonl of the l^lta aro highly
appreciated by most of Scott's readers.

PlWe 6.'1, H.— Great Dundee. " The Viscount of Dundee,
sluin in the battle of Killiecrankio " t^-fuly 27, 1689).— S«'ott.
This was .John Graham of Claverhouse, a zealous royalist, cele-
brated as a relentless opponent of tlio Scottish Covenanters,
lie was killed by a musket-ball. Lines 2, 8 supply an answer
to tho question of lines 1, 2, page tJI.

11.— pathless marsh and mountain cell. '• The morasses

were tho usual refuge of the Border herdsmen on the approach
of an English army. Caves hewn in most dangerous and in-
accessible places also afforded an occasional retreat."— Soott.

23. — Watt Tinlinn. "This person was, m my younger days,
the theme of many a fireside tale. Ho was a retainer of tho
Buccleuch family, and held for ins Border service a small tower
on tho frontiers of LiiMesdale. Watt was, by profession, a
mtor (cobbler), but, by inclination and practice, an archer and
wat-rior." — Scott.

27.— Saint Barnabrlght. The festival of St. Barnabas,
June 11th, whieh in the old style, before tho revision of 1582,
was taken as the longest day in the year.

Pagre 04, l.— yeoman. Accented on tl econd syllable
hero. "The dawn displays the smoke of rav..„ed fields, and
shepherds, with their flocks, flying before the storm Tidings

t'ASTU IV.

L'ir>

brought l>y a tonant ot tim fiimily, not uho<I tc» sook a shelter on
light oocBrtion of alarm, discloso tlio Btrt-n-tli tin<l oltjtct of thv
invudors. Thin inaii is a character of n lowir and rougher
cast than Di-loraino. Tho portrait of tho riido ri'taintr u
skutchtMl with tho same masterly hum!. lino a-'ain, Mr.
Scott has trod in tho footsteps of tho old romancers, wlioom-
fino themselves not to the display of a few personajjos who
stalk over tho stage on stately stilts, but usually reflret all the
varieties of character that marked the era to which they la-long.
Tho interesting example of manners thus preserved to us, is not
thoonly advantage which results fn.m this p<-culiiir structure
of their plan. It is this, amongst other circumstances, which
enables them to carry us along witli them, under I know not
what species of fascination, ond to niako us, as it were,
credulous spectotors of their luost extravagant scenes. In tliis
they seem to resemble tho painter, who, in tho delim-ation of a
battle, while ho places tho adverse heroes of tho day combating
in tho front, takes care to fill his backgn.und with subordinate
figures, wlioso appearance adds at once both spirit and an iiir
of probability to tho scone. "— T/if; Crifini/ /,', /•/, //• (180')).

6. — Hag. " Tho broken ground in a bog."— Scorr.

6.— BiUhope. In Liddesdah", famous for game.

9.— Silver brooch and bracelet. "As the Borderers wen-
indifferent about tho furniture of their habitations, so much
exposed to be burned and pluntlered, they were proportionately
anxious to display splendor in decorating and ornamenting
their females." — Scott.

13.— Morion, i

J pen

nfior.

Page 65, 7.— Belted Will Howard. "Lord William

Howard, third son of Thomas, Duko of Norfolk. succeede<l to
Naworth Castle, and a largo domain annexed to it. in right of
his wife Elizabeth, sister of George Lord Dacre, who died with-
out heirs-malo in tho 11th of (iuecn Elizabeth. By a poetical
anachronism, ho is introduced into the romance a few years
earlier than he actually flouri<hed. He was wardi^n of Dw.
Western Marches; and, froiu tlie rig^r with wliich he repressed
tho Border excesses, tho name of Belted Will Howard is still
famous in our traditions." — Scott.

rfi

21G

>iuTlM.

»;1

8.— Lord Dacre. Tho namo is (torivud from tliooxploltn of
ouo of his aiitumtiini at tho Hivgo of Acro, or I'Uili'iiiaiH, tiinlfr
Richard I., lliU. (.So« pago 78, 21, it .^^.j

9.-The German. " in tho wurs with Scotland, Houry VIII.
and lii* succoHHor* otii ployed nuniorous bunds of nifrci-'naiy
troops. At tho battlo of Pinky, thoro woro in tho Enjflish urmy
six hundred hiickbuttiTson foot and two hundred on horHobuck,
composed chiefly of foreigners." — .'Sf(»TT.

H.—Walt evidently thinks it romiirkablo that his house has
not Vu-en burnt for a year, which yivi-s a glimpse of the free-
booting that was carriotl on in Lidtiesdule.

20.— ScrOgg. A thicket of scraggy buslies, a xltmr.

23-21.— Pastern's night. The ev.» of tlio great Fast of
Lent, Shrovo Tuesday, or day of nhriniiij. 'I'lio day was kept as
a carnival, and Fergus had evidently iKson improving tho time
to finish liis depredations Ixjforo tho sanctities of tho Fast com-
menced. Line 23 implies that from Shrovo Tuesday (March or
April) to Michaelmas (.Sept. 29th), is a long timo to delay re-
taliation. (See page 23, line 25, and page 80, line 8.)

Pnjre ««, 3.— silver wave. (See page 41, lino 9.) Tho
Yarrow drains tho lake. See Wordsworth's three jjoems on
that stream of tlio Scottish miiso. For a fine description of the
lake we may turn to Scott's Mumiioii, introduction toCantoII. :

"Oft it) my mind siu-h thois^'hts awuke,
Hy lone .St. Mary's milenl lake;
Thim know'sl il well,— nor fen, nor si'ilye,

rollulo the pare lake's crystal eilKe;
Altriipt and slieer, the monntains sink
M onee upon tluj level brink;
And Jnst a tnicu of silver sand
Marks where tiie water meets the land.
Kar in Xhv mirror, hriKht. and blue.
Each hill's linyo outline! ynii may view;
Shii^'Ky with heatl:, hut lontly hare.
N'or tree, nor hush, nor brake, is th
Save where, of l.ind. yon slender lini
Bears thwart th(> lake the scattered pine.
Yet even this imkediiess has power.
And aids the feeliny of the hour."

7.— tressured. The pseudo-participle. Tim trtss,,,; was a
laced border round a shield, a flat binding of threads inter-
laced (tressed, plaited).

Camo IV

•J I

(•ornpuro thin K'itl»'«-ilig of fl... clanH tn ,,r..t,.,f, IJiankHomi.
with the gutluTJiig in Th, h,,!,, .,/th. iMh.Vauto ill : —

" Kiuh viiiliy. «'(uii M>i|iicsti'n>i| kU-ii.
Xlii-hr.il its liitli! ImiiiIc of iiH'ti,
Thai iiirl 11^ ItiiTciiiH rtuiii till- luiu'lil
In llitcliliiiitl «Jii|cs llicir j-lnaiiiM iiiiiio.
Hiill KiUliciliij,', as tiny iHMiraliini:.
A \iiiri! iiiiti-f luiiil. 11 ijijc iiioii' ^troiitr.
Till al (lie ri-iiili'/viiii-i tlicy -.tiMMl
lly liiimlriils |'i-<ttii|>t fur lilim^ ii.i.l IiIimnI
l-Juli Iraiiii'il III ai-rii-i siiirr lifi- iM'u'an,
Owinu' no tin liiil In \\U clan.
Ni) iKilll, liill liy liJH cliirlliiiii', Iiaml,
No law, but llodcrick DIiuh coiuiuand,"

i''- An il{fed knitfht. W.iltor Sc.tt, Watt, ..l ll tr.lun,
uucost..!- <.f f,ho p..ut. Ho was a luiiownwl fiediooter.

PiiHre «7, 1.— azure, niuo coi<.r on a siih.M; //,/,/, t,ii..

surfiico of tho shiol.1, which in tiiis cusu was y.lluw.

;». — bend. In tho armn of Huccloiich tin;. //./</ wan gol-icn;
al.liio/wWor stripe crosso.l this .lia-onally from up|..r ri-lit
to lower loft; ami on tho bou.l was a guldt-u star of si\ jioints
iM-twoun two golden cies.;..uts. (S.n page 22, lino 25, whieh
.l.K-s not agree exactly witli lino '1 li.r.'.) Tlio m.-anin-j U that
tho cognizance of the Scotts was emhlazon.d in l.luo on tho
bright yellow surface of tho shield.

1 1.— The Flower. Afary Scott, .laughUr of Philip Scott of
Dryhopo. (See page 120.)

From page 07, lino 2 1, to pag(> 70, lino 2, w.. Jmvi- an .'pisodt-
or digression wliieli tells how tii.^ S.-oiis l.t-caiii.- lorlsof Ksk
<lule. Such digressions «.ciMir in ciic poetry, and sriinttiines
occupy largo space. These lin.s w.re not in the (ii.,t edition,
and Phillpotts thinks " both style and measure aro far below
tile rest of tho Canto."

Pagro «8, 2.— llege-lord. Fnv or independent lord,
Nvhich came later to mean faithful, loyal Imxl, and also feudal
lord. Tho latter is tiu; meaning h.ic? and on page •;:•. line 1.

1.— Homage. Tlio acknowlodgmcnt of a f.-udal tenant
mauo to hi.- udal lord, that ho was liis ),i<>:i uv vassal.

seigniory. Tho power and riglit of a feudal lord.

o.— galliard. A bold and gay gallant.

•'"i

2IM

Not KM.

'hI

I I

herlOt. A trtlmto oxnotixl by n lord on th«) doath nf hU
tonaiit. A.H. htrt^, an ortny ; rjrahi^ apparul; lu-iico littrully
tiiilitary apparul, oquipmuat, w)iiuh ufxu tlie tUutU of Dim
tonuut OHolieatod to hi« lurd. A f tcrwardn thiit included huno)*,
etc. It i» ono furiii uf tuiuiru by oupyhuld.

ft.— trow, iteliuvu, tliiuk. Cuiii|<uru tnn, truth, tn^h, Inter,
Ini-tl, truiU.

23 —oast. A flight of hawkft, an many u-* would Ikj lootu'd
upon tho gamo ut thu Munio tiiiiu.

25.— beshpew. t;ur«o.

8J<.— merry men. Arciii-rx, riirfHti>rtt, uutiuwM, wiio w«rc

bolievud to load a gay and nu'i-ry lifu.

Pllffe <IU» 20.— Ana(H!rttic iinu.

29.— bore. Thrust.

81.— Haugh. A hill, luirticulurly :i 1>uu<-uii-hill.

Pllflre 70, r>. -swair. Tho stoep hIoj.o of :i hill, alHo
written nmit. (Sue page 57, 1 1.)

8.— Bellenden. "Situiit«<d niur tho head of nortiiwic':
water, and, Injing in tho cuntro of tho poHrtosstions of tho Scotts,
W08 frequently used os thuir place of roniluzvous and gathering
word.'' — Scott.

11. — aids. Clans, l>auds, reinforcunients.

24.— wily page. Tho goblin who luid assumed the appcor-
ance of the Ladye's sou.

Pafire 71, T).— Pronounce hur-t-n. Il'imjli, a lit-up of
stones; burn, a brook, a spriujj ; stony creek.

18.— mickle. Great, much ; A S. vtial.

10. — urchin. GobUn, mischievous spirit; originally a
hedgehog.

23.— imp. A graft, scion, a youth, a little mischievous
spirit. Formerly used in a good si-nse. Si)enser calls the
Muses " sacred imps."

In describing tl»e arrival of tho Enfflisli fnrc'^>» at Branksomo
and what followed, wo get a specimen of Scott's narrative
power. This word-painting of active bustlo and coufiicb shows
Scott at his best, and later on made him famous.

Camto IV.

Ill)

Pitire 72, 4.— Armayn. lliTinmi im-nwimrMii. {Sm lino
21.) Fr. All>m»tmt, Uxi. A/f>M,„nn, ,i (Jormau trllxi of (!...MarV
timai

O.-forayert. MkirmUlMM nont out to n.o«miioifpo; prJ.

niarily riii<lt;r!t.

12.— Kendal, in Wostmoroluu.?. col.ibnitwl for iu arcbun*
ami it« given cluth.

KS.— bill-men. infantry arnio.! with Iong-lmn.lIi..| um'h or
bills.

27. -bill and bow. Billmon ano.l bhulo with a sharp spiku at tho back.

28. -sold their blood. '• Thono morconario*, or • froo-coni
ponioa,' as th..y worocaUwl, ioiiip<,«,,| of men from all oountri.^H
solil thuir wsrvicL-s to tho hight-st bia.ler, an.l H|K;nt thuir lives
in fighting. Hcott quotes from Froissort an account of one
such band of menonury adventurers who described themselves
as ' frendes to Ood ond enemies to all tho worldo. '"—Stuart.

"Tho mercenary a.lvonturors, whom, in 1!W0. tho Earl of
Cambridge carried to tho assistance of tho King of Portugal
against tho Spaniards, njutinied for want cf regular pay. At
an assembly of their loaders, Sir John Soltier, a natural s(.n ..f
Edward the Dlack Prince, thus addressed them : • " I coimsaylo
let us bo alio of one allionce, and of one ac.-.ordo, and lot us
among ourselves roy-so up tho honor of St. (ieorij.-, and let us
bo frendo- to God, and enomyes to alio tho worlde ; for without
we make ourselfo to bo fiun-d, wo gutto nothynge." " By my
foyth," quod Sir William Htlmon, *• ye saye right well, and so
let us .lo." Thoy all agreed with one vuyce, and so regarded
among them who shuldo bo their capitayno. Then they advysed
in the case how they coudo nut have a better capitayno than
Sir John Soltier. For they suldo thi-n have good b-yst-r to do
yvol, and thoy thought ho was more metelyer thereto than any
other. Then they raised up tho penon of St. George, and cried,
" A Soltier ! a Soltier ! the valyaunt })astardo ! frendes to (Sod,'
and enemies to all the worldo!"'i /'/wsxar/!, vol. i. ch. 303)."-!

S<.'OTT.
32.— levin. Lightning. A.S. letfen, flaming.

38.— flounced. Flounced, plaited. Scott here follows what
ho road in A Min-our far Miuji^rattx, a collection of p.jems

./:?i

.i..ii

-:i<

.»•(

!:.

220

Notes

writton by Sackvillo ami oMicrs celel)r:itin<j iinforf.iin.atn Imt
illustrious imu wlio fij^'un; in Kiiglish history. Tlio Ix.ok was
be<jim in tlio reign of Mary and piiblislied in tlmt of Eli/.abeth.
Scott refers to luig.! 1-21 :— " Tlicir phiit.-.l giuniunts thcirwith
wellacconl, all jaggo.) auil/r„„,i.sf with divois colors diMikt'd."
Tims ho nuido use of his antiiiuariau knowludgo to fill out tho
details <jf his pictures of uncient times.

31.— morsing-horns. Flasks, j.owder-liorns for holding tlio
Iiow(? r witli which tlie Iiand-guns were |)riiiied. These were
first used instead of bows about 1471. Compare morsd.

PllSe 7;j, 1. —better knee. Right knee. "Fr.-m tho
bHttle-j)ieces of tin- ancient PMeniish i)ainters wo learn that tlu-
(ieniian soMi-rs niarelied to an assault with their right knees
bared."' — Scott.

" Tho stanzas des(!ribing the march of the English fon^es, and
the investiture of the CasMo of IJranxholm, display a great
Unowledgo of aneJout cosruine, as well as a most picturewiuo
and lively pictui f feudal warfare."— r'//V/,yr/ Ji, n, „■.

'^.-escalade. The scaling of a wall ; Lat. .s.„/„, ladder.

I.— Teutonic. Cerman; Lat. T< ,il„ii< s.

*J-— gflaive. Sword; l.iit. ;//ii, /;,!•<. (\ni\i>iiviu/>n/„i,„< ,;//>i</i(i.

tor.

1:5.— favor. A love-token, such a-

given to a knight by ]iis sweet-
heart ; worn
helmet.

a ribbon or a scarf,

on the sleeve or tlio

Fjihtc 74, !• -bartizan. A small
tower projecting from an angh' of a
wall.

10. partisan. A kind of

battle-axe with a long liandh!,
used like a bayonet.

11. -Falcon. A ciinnon ; a
metaplior from tho destructive
hawk of that name.
culver. Also called cilnrlii, a small cannon or hand-gun
long and thin. Fr. a,„l, „r,r, an adder; Lat. ajlnhm, a ser-
pent. Motaph(»r in a word.

Canto IV.

•».)i

••at-

16.— Tho nia<!hic(.liit<Ml t,..\v('rs li.vd <.|.,-niiij,M in tl.cir |.n.-
joctiiifr gjilleiii.s, tin-., ugh ^^UU■h tlio j.iti;h jin.l l.-a.I vonUl l.o
thrown upon tlio ussa-'u.','- ! "low.

30 —"A glove up u u liin.o ^^■u^ :ho enil.l.-m of faitl. among
tlioam-iontRonlfre. ., >,!,.. Ario out, wlicn uny ono l.n.ko his
wonl, to oxposo tin; i.M.,.,. i,..,| pnu-laim iiini a faithless
villain at tlio li.st Iloni.T iiiui-ti,.g. Tiiis .•..iviiio.iy was niueli
dreaded."— Scott.

ucc pniclaiiucd 1,y tli
ns, a time for scitlinij dispute

En:;lish and Scotch \V;ir<h

during which no ftMul w:is to l.o carried on.

K— reads. Ailvis<"s, c(.un-;cU; A.S. >•'!,, /„„, t,,.advis,..

SWith. Quickly, instantly; A.S., .s<r/V//, sm.ng.

18. -pursuivant. An iittrndant on a li.iald. wh., suinc-
times, as lieie, actid as licr.ilil.

2J.— Afinto doubts whctliiT Scott wan ri-ht in dtv^^in^ the
pursuivant in Lord JFoward's liviuy, sine he was a state
officer.

25. - argent, silver, wliit(' ; Lat. n,;/' „iii,„. The liunro nf a
lion waseniln-oidcnd on th.- bn-ast of hi^ iinifmiii or //,/,// (,,
show that ho was one of irowanl's retinue.

31.— irks. Pains, vexes.

Pa;,'c 7<», I. -flemens-flrth. "An asyii,,,, fur ..uthuvs."
—Scott. A.S. jf>i> win;/,; outlaw, an. I.//////, a slie.ter, a refuge.

6.— march-treason. '-Several species of offences peculiar
to tho Border constituted what was called niarch-tnason.
Among i.thers was the ciiine <,f riding, or causing to rid«',
against tho opposite country during titne of truce.'" — Scott.
This serves to iruiko clear tlie lines folh/win ^

7.— Saint Cuthbert'S eve. Tlie evenln- iH.tme ATarch 20th.
St. Cnthbert, l)orn r;:i."», was monk, prior of .M.lrosr, iiishop of
Lindisfarne, and diecl in <)S7.

10.— by dint of glaive. A stroke ..f his su..rd.

11.— harried. Laid waste. j)lunder.Ml.

lo. - warriSOn. Trumpet-Mast, not,, of assmilh; used in
this sense- by Scott ahme. Tho old writers use ir,,ris,,n in the
s(>nse of I'eward, guenlon, protection.

•^ !

■-*■

,fl

■il

Hit

w
w

'if:

tip

900

NoTKS.

18.— This liuo shows the date of the story, 1552 or 1553,
23. — The struggle between maternal affection and tlie Ladye's
duty, and the triumph of tlie latter, serves to exhibit the stern
stuff in her character. Our sympathy is aroused by "her
sobbing breast " and the final " struggling sigh," wliich is the
note of victory for wi»l over emotion.

81. — emprise. Enterprise, undertaking. Irony.

Pagre 77, 10.— lyke-wake dirge. The signal for death.

The watching of a dead body before its burial (A.S. //<•, corpse,
and loacan, to wake, to watch) is the lyke-wake.

21.— Pensils. A ribbon-shaped flag, with swallow-tail end,
borne on a spear or lance. Lat. 2>enua, feather.
83. — What are you doing here ? What are you about ?

Page 78, 3.— Ruberslaw. A mountain east of Hawick.

4. — Weapon-SChaw. A muster or show of tlie military
array of a county.

10- — Lord Maxwell's banner bore au eagle and a cross em-
broidered upon it.

13. — Merse. The plain stretching along tlio south of Ber-
wick.

34.— Blanche Lion. Silver lion. (See page 75, line 2.5. J

Pagre 79, 5.— Certes. The French form of Lat. rerfe,
certainly.

7.— Scott quotes instances of trial by single combat in 1558
and in 1602.

23. — parleying. A parley or conference was demanded by
sounding a trumpet.

25.— defied. Challenged.

33.— folL To disgrace, defeat.

Pagre 80.—" The trial by combat seems to promise nothing
to the lovers. Yet it is destined to lead to their union, and
therefore it is necessary to the story that it should take place.
It is not easy, however, to understand the conduct of the
various parties in the parley. Why does the Ladye propose a
combat (page 77, line 1), and gainsay it (page 80, line 7)?

Canto IV.

Surely the answer must l)o that, sli.' i,'aiiio.l ' tlie secret pre-
science' (lino 12) in the interval ; for . 1 1 the description of her
emotion (page 70) loses its interest if slio knew of the coming
help at the time, and the calm di-iiityan<l faitli of her noldo
speech (pa-e 77) is turned into a hypocritical attempt to gain
time; (2} we shall see in the next Canto that the knowledge
which she gains from her magic is limited, for she is deceived
with regard to the Scotch champion. Again, does Howard show
his ' sageness'in so suddenly abating his claims? On page 70
the demand is, ' Admit an English garrison into Branksom", or
wo will storm it, and tlie Heir shall ho carried off to Lond«)n ';
on page 70 tlio proposal is, • If Musgravo wins, wo will keep what
we have already got ; if ho falls, we will surrender the Heir and
hargain only for our personal safety.' Would not tliis sudden
<d»ango have aroused the suspicions of the shrewd Sciottish
chiefs V -'—Fi-ATnKit.

Pajro 81, 8.— whenas. When that, when. The word
irhni was originally interrogative, and was made relative by
the addition of the >>•>: tide «.-< or tlmt.

5.— the jovial ' '. An ancient P.or<ler minstrel, called

"Rattling, Koaring ue." He quarrelled with the I. ard of Rule
Wat<ir, bearing the name of "Sweet Milk," and killed him.
For this Willie was executed at Jedburgh.

0.— Lord Archibald. The framer of statutes or j.oints of
Border warfare in the middle of the fifteenth century.

2'..— Ousenam. Now called Oxnam, near Jedburgh, the
seat of the Cranstouns.

26.— JedwOOd A..L-. Means Jedburgh assizes. Air is the
same as eire. or tyre.. T.at, il,r, a journey. The phrase ' ' justices
in Eyre " means jud£ •. on circuit.

Pasre 82, 15.— minion. Favorite.

IH. Marble hearse. Tomb.

ii*:\

^{1

224

NOTKS.

: t

CANTO V.

Pagro 8;j, 1.— it. Tho lielicf that iiaturo mourns, etc.

Scofct here for a few lines rises to the level of iinaginativo
poi^ry of feeling. Such elevaticm inudo liia great eontciu.
porary, Wordsworth, famous.

PllHre 84, 12.— thanedom. Tho tliane was l.nl or chief
and hold jurisdiction over a country or land where he lived.

Pajjre S.">, 14.— In tho fourteenth century tho frontier was
divided into tho East, West, and Middlii Marches, and wardens
over each were appointed bf)tli hy faiglish and Scotch.

15.— The Bloody Heart. " TIio well-known cognizance of
tho house of Douglas, assumed from tho dime of good Lord
.lames, to whose -aro Robert Bruce committed his heart to Im
carried to the Holy Land."— Scott.

The Seven Spears. The seven sons of sir David Home of
VVeddcrburne.

22.— Clarense's Plantagenet. '• At the battle of Bcaugo,

in France, Thomas, Duke of ClaiiMice, brother to Henry V.,
was tinhorse.1 by Sir John Swinton of Swinton, who distin-
guished liim by a coronet sot with precious stones, which ho
wore around his helmet. Tlio family of Swinton is one of tho
most ancient in Scotland, and produced many celebrated war-
riors." — Scott.

Pajfe H(i, In several dilfen^nt ways tho i)oet endeavors to
make us realize the j>eculiiir feelings of tho English and tho
Scotch as they meet at tho feast. Compare pages S{i, 87, 88
with jiage 100.

PasTO S7, 8.— The football play. '• The football was
anciently a v<ry favorite sport all through Scotland, but
esp((cially upon tlio Borders. Sir .lolin Carmichael of Car-
michael, Warden of the Middle Marches, was killed in 1600 by
a band of tho Armstrongs, returning from a football match.
Sir Robert Carey, in liis Memoirs, mentions a great mei-ting,
appointed by tin; Scotch rid.rs t<i be held at Kelso for tho pur
poseof playing at football, but wliioh t.irminated in an incur-
sion upon England. At present, the football is often played

Canto N

^f^

2-jr>

by tho inhabitants of -.Ijaoont i.arishcs, or of the opposite
banks of a sf roam. 'J. victory is ,-,,nt(.sto.l with tho utmont
fury, and \ery sorious acciiUMits liavo soiiiotiirn-s tiikon plat o in
the strugjjlo."— Scott.

PllHre S«, 1. -Whinger. A knif.. n<v,l f..r (Mrvin- or as a
dagger.

10.— wassail. Rfvcl, ranmsc. riotous festivity.

Piisre 8», i:<.-By times. H.tir.i

ar!\-

Puffo JM), 1.— Queen Mary. IVnb.ii.iy Mury of (iniso,

widow of .Tallies V. Mary Qiu-cn .f Scots was only ten y<'ars
old, and was at tliis time over in Franco.

12.— tlie vassalage. 'Vhv. bo.iy of vussuis.

18. — Tiord Cranstoun no doubt felt an iininiNe to .set) Mar-
garet onco more before tho conflict. As it miglit possibly
bo their last meeting, h(! probably t<. Id her i-f his intention to
fight tho combat instead of Deloraine. whom lie had wounded.

PjlSe J)l, 12.— shrill port. Seott s.iys /«»•/ is "ji martial
piece of music adapted to the bagpipes " (Jaelic, a catcli, a
lively tune.

Pasre 92, 30.-Bilboa blade, nilboa, in the nortli of
Spain, was long famous for iron and steel manufactures.

Pasre, O.'l, B.— footelOth. TIk! cloth or liousings covering
the horse's body.

4.— wimple. A j)laited lintni cloth, or a covcrii!-;of silk for
tho neck, chin, and sides of tlie face, such as is often worn l)y
nuns.

l'^- — This lino makes it pretty certain tliat Cranstoun dis-
closed his plan to Margaret. She would hardly have felt
" terror " on Deloraine's account.

26.— like vantage. Tho marshals t^)i.k care that neither
of the combatants received any advantage with regard to sun
and wind.

" The whole scone <.f tlin duel or judicial combat !scf)nduct^d
according to the strictest ordinances (,f chivalry, and delineated
with all the minuteness of an ancient romancer." — Jeffkky.
15

'■ i

1 1

■!!

-^tJ NoTKS.

Pllfire J)4, t.-despiteous scathe. Malicious wrong.

I'll^re }M(, 14.— gcorget. Tho pioco of armor that protected
tho tliroat. Pr. if<>nj>, tlio throat.

20.— W<' iiiiiy com pare thu death of Musgravo as huro doscrilHjd
witli tho (h'uth of Mariiiion, given iij Canto VI. of Scott's
Miirmioii.

I'usre 1)7, 9.— Beaver. Tho h)wor part of the helmet,
whicli is lot down to allow tho wearer to drink.

Pnge J>8, 27.— The story is now practically finished ; hut
tho next canto is added to give an account of the marriage
feast, an<l particularly to dispose of the Goblin Page.

Pn«re 99, 27.— wraith. The spectral apparition of a per-
son seen shortly before or after his death.

Pngre 100, IH.— mark. A coin worth IBs. 4d. Old plural
without inflection, as often found with nouns denoting time,
weight, value, measure, etc.

10.— long of. On account of.

27.— Snaffle, spur, and spear was the mott«i of all those

who lived in the nr)rtliern counties. Siinfflt., a bit or bridle for
a horse, a snafho-piece, or nose-piece.

28-32.— gear. Musgrave used to be the foremost man in pur-
suit of Deloraino and his Scotch Borderers when they were
returning homo from an English raid loaded with stolen booty,
lie tracked tlieir winding course with tho bloodhound, and often
sounded his bugle to rally his men to attack tho marauders.

" The style of the old romancers has been very successfully
imitated in tho wiiolo of this scene; and the speech of Delor-
aine, who, roused from his bed of sickness, rushes into the lists
and apostrophizes his fallen enemy, brought to our recollection,
as well from tho peculiar turn of expression in its commence-
ment as in the tone of sentiments which it conveys, some of
the fimihrcs omtioiux of the Morte (V Arthur.''— Critical Riritw.

Page 101, 2.— bowning. Going, wending their way.

9.- sable stole. A long scarf, or a long, loose robe reaching
to the feet.

Canto Vf.

•2-27

10.— requiem. A nmss for tho rop<Ho of tj,.' soul of tho dead
person.

PatfO 102.— "Tho Miuatrol ends with a burst of music in
which many difforont uotos uro mingled together, like the com-
mingling of many voico* and many instruments. Ho imitates
the sound of the voicos of tho full choir of singors singing the
fun.ral service as th.- I.ody is lowered into the grave in tho
Abbey."— Stiakt.

22.— misprised. Despised.

CANTO VI.

Some few critics Imve argued that tho sixth Canto lies
beyond the pl.;t of the La;,. It is true that tho feud of tho
clans has been composed and that tho destiny of tho lovers has
been settled, bub tho (J„blin Pago and tho Book of Magic still
retnain on hand and require some satisfactory disposal. Nor
would it be quite safe to accept too literally Scott's letter to
Miss Seward, as quoted by Lockhart :—

'•The sixth Canto is altogether rrduudant; for tho poem
should certainly have closed with the union of the h.vers, when
the interest, if any, was at an end. But what could I do?
I had my book an-l my page still on my hands, and must get
rid of them at all events. Manage them as I would, their
catastrophe must have been insuHicient to occupy an entire
canto; so I was fain to eko it out with the songs of the
minstrels."

As Professor Stuart correctly observes, "It is just possible
that Scott was not quite in earnest when he so expressed
himself, and that whatever he may have mid afterwards from
modesty or from a desire to deprecate the wrath of critics, he
did feel, and must have felt at the tir.e ho wrote it, that the
story required for its completion some account of tho betrothal
festivities and of tho fate of the Goblin Page. However this
may be, no one can regret the necessity he felt of eking it out,
as ho said, with the songs of tho minstrels."

Professor Minto's remarks are in a similar strain :— " I have
already argued that the last Canto is no more redundant than

» I

228

NoTKS.

iii

,1
f ii:

[ftr,

ill

tlio first; that it is a nocossary part of the Ho.licnio of the poom,
osstmtial to currying it out with tho |iri>iK»rtion iissigiioti to tiu'
supernatural olement at tlio lK;y:iimin<;;. But if Soott hiiriself
said that it was r<"lur'!iint, surely ho must Imvt! known host.
Tho answer to til is iH, that wo must not attach too much im-
portance to a writer's half-serious criticism of his own work,
when ho is called upon to defend it, in answer to the ohjections
of so pertinacious a lady as the gcwnl Miss Howard. Scott at
least must have been of a different opinion about the sixth
f'anto when ho wrote it, and wo nmst take the work as it
stands, not as soon by the author himself through the ccdored
medium of a casual passing nioo<l.

"fieorjjo Kllis, tlio editor of Sjx-rinim.i of h''irfi/ Knijlith Pmiry
and Milr'nnJ I'nttiaucrs^ one of the mf)St learned of Scott's con-
temporaries in mediu'val poetry and romance, ' entertained
some doubts about the })ropriety of dwelling so long on tlio
minstrel songs in the last Canto,' but this was Itecauso he was
not aware of any ' ancient authority' for such a practice. ' To
the canto on its own merits ho did not object. It is to he
remarked that, although the songs are episodical as regards the
action of tho poem, tiny aro closely interwoven with the senti-
ment. The subjects of tlieiri aro such as would naturally
occur at tho close of a tale in which three of tho moving
powers are love, magic, and supernatural agenc} The first
is a love ballad, a congratulation of tho happy lovers, and
serves to dismiss thorn gracefully from tho stage j the last two
put th«> reader in tune for the wonders of tho final incident."

''Scott's works are grounded on actual tradition. rJoethc
continually urged youn" poets to study tho real world, and
reproduce that htstcad c ..torely trying to speak out those few
and limited feelin;^ which are theirs as individuals, In the
one case they are fr 'h and inexhuustible, in the other they
have soon talked out tluir limited knowledge, and aro ruined
by mannerism. Speaking of a new epic he said it failed
because it was not grounded ir. reality, what lay in p.ist ages
was not painted with proper trut>!, it had no pith or kernel,
the life and actions of tho characters were described in that
mere general way whuh young people consider poetic or
romantic, whoroas the writer should havft adhered strictly to
the chronicles. ' When I reinernber,' fJoethe concludes. ' how
Schiller studied tradition, what trouble he gave himself about

■• H
f .Si
■ i' »

Canto VI

L'l'U

8wit/.t>iliin<I wlu'ii lie uri.t..' Iii^ U////

7*. //.

uikI Iiiiw Shuk-

»lKire IIS. I tln^ <!liruiii,:l(w, .•upyin^' into liis [.lays wln.Io piissu^os
word for word ,..,/ (,'on'itfitiniM ), I um inclirn..! to prusi-ribo
tho same to n y.)!!!!-,' poet.' (Jootli.. was ;i yrt-iit adiiiin-r of the

viviil and vuriwi lil'o in Scott's

iiovi'ls. Scott liuil ill liis youth

fili'il liirt Micinory with tliu stories in tlie l.ulluds and chronicles •
these tiie pliiyo' hi-, iiiiagiiiation madu his own, and thus in
his later years hi' euuld throw olF in a riionieiifc (h-scriptions of
the most varied scenes witli all tlie acciirattf lifidike touches
which ■,'eiiuraljy imply accurate stuily." P:iiM,i'orrs.

I'ajifO lO;{. — If Sc(jtt had never written any other iMHstry
than tliefirsttwonuiiiLers. if this Canto liu would still have Im-cii
known round the world as the author of this famous outburst of
patriotism. Ohseive how flic lust nnmlMr of Canto V. h-adson
naturally to the .suliject.

Scott uses the rhetoriiral .|iiesti(.n and answer almost to excess,
and often coiiihin.'d with exclamation to give dramatic elTect,
or to mark stroni^ emphasis on an t!neri,'eti(; passage or un one
exprossinjj dei-p emotion.

P«H:e 1()4. — Fn the elosinjj verses the Minstrel recalls with
a(Tecti(jii the valleys occ-upied l)y his own clan, and the closin"
days of Scott's own lifo supj. lied a touithinj^examploof the intense
atTection with wh" 'i he vi.wed "ench well-known scone."
Hasteiiinj,' home from Italy to die, he lay in the carriage in a
dull stupor on the journey from London northward. But ho
revived at the sight ..f his l»elove<l borderland, and l.ockhart
has recorded the elTect. " As we desc-nded tlie vale of the Gala
he began to gaze about him, and by degrees it was obviousthat
he was recoguizi-ig tlio features of that familiar landscape.
Presently ho murmured a name or two— (/'if'i HH/, ,-, Knr</i/,
llnrkhohii, Torii<„„(ll,,. As wo roundel the hill at Ludhofe, and
tho outline of the Eildons burst on him, he became greatly
excited ; and when turning himself on the couch his eye cau-'ht
at length his own towers, at the dislanco of a mile, he spraii"
up with a cry of delight."

21— Teviot-Stone appears to have been a rough l)oulder on
tho Rashie-grain height at tlie watershed between tha counties
of Roxburgh and Dumfries; it may havo marke<l a j'trish
boundary or a bridle-path. It has long since <lisapi»eared.
This line was not in tho first edition. — Ki^vtiikk.

L'MU

NoTKH.

IH)HT<l-LUH.

Puife lOA, 2. — portcullis. A

Mortuf d«»or or gnto Hli«ling vertically.
It was made of liure of wo«jd or iron
atuddud with spikoit, and hung ovur
the gateway of a cantlo gudiictidud
by chains so that it could he let
down or drawn up at will.

10. — OWChes. Ornaments of gold
set with precious stones, also called
oitrhet] properly the socket in whirli
the jewel is sot. O.P. nonrhe^rmr. mis,-,,, a buckle, daap, brooch.
The true form noiich appears in Chaucur ; t!ie « was h.st hy boinK
wrongly attached to the articKi, an omh for a mirch. Com pan?
apron for napron, orange foritorauge, adder fornadder, umpire
for 7tumpire, auger for nauger.

12.— miniver. The fur of the miniver, ermine, white fur
with black spots. O.P. vt , small, m*V, fur.

Pagre 100, 1- forbidden spell. " Popular belief, though

contrary to the doctrines of the Church, made a favorable dis-
tinction between magicians and necromancers, or wizards ;
the former wore supposed to command the evil spirits, and the
latter to serve, or at least to be iu league and compact with
those enemies of mankind. The arts of subjecting the demons
were manifold ; sometimes the fiends were actually swindled by
the magicians. "—Scott. The Ladye did not use any unholy
spells or charms. She was, therefore, not afraiil to approach
holy places or sacred objects.

6.— planetary hour. Each planet exercised a special influ-
ence when it was in the ascendant. In the Middle A-,'es astro-
1« gical beliefs were mixed up witli the practice of almost every
art, and the stars had to be consulted at every turn. The
astrologer was a person of great importance.

14.— guarded. Edged, bordered.

15.— A merlin, " or sparrowhawk, was actually carried by
ladies of rank, as a falcon was, in time of peace, the constant
attendantof a knightor baron, fiodscroft relates, that when
Mary of Lorraine was regent, she pressed the Earl of Angus to
admit a royal garrison into his castle of Tantallon. To this
he returned no direct answer ; but, as if apostrophizing a gos-

Canto VI.

•j:»l

hawk, wlii.h Hut on Imh wrist, aii<l ulii.l, h.> w.m f liii-ffiirin^'

tho (inoni's H|M>ooli, Im uxcliiiiiMMl, •Tli.i .IoviI'h ii, ihU ^moo-iJ'
gleJe, hIio will n.-vi-r bo full.'— Ilunui's ///./,.,y „/• //„ //.,„., „/

l)o,i,jl,iM^ 1718, V..I. ii., p. VM. Biinlay cinpluiuH ,.f tlu i,,'-

inonan.linduc..nti.rutjti(.-,un.rii.jjiii- hawka an I Jim.iu.U ii,t„
churchotj." — Scott.

25. heron-shew. l>r ln'r..u-shiiw, u>..un- lieion.

•• The portcork, it U woll known, w:.« consider...!. .luring th.'
tinit'H of chivalry, n..t nu-roly as un c\.|iii>ito d.ii.ar v l.ut us u
dish of peculiar Holemnity. Aftt-rlMin- must..! it was uguin
docorated with its plutnagi,, and a sponj,'.* dij.piMl in li-hted
spirits ..f wino was placed in its l.ili. \\ hen it was iutr..duc»id
on (lays of grand fistivul. it was tho signal for tho udvonturoun
knights to take upon tli.m vo.vs to du soim, d-iMl of cliivalrv
'before t\w peacock an<l tho loditis.' Tht^ boar's lu-ad was nU,
a usual dish of fimdal splendor. In Scotland it was sometim.-^
surround.'d with littlo bunmrs disi.laying tl.o i-ob.rs and
achievements of the l.aron at whoso board it was served. "-
Scott.

28.— cygnet. .\ young swan; how l.at. ,;,i„n.s, a swan.

29,— ptarmigan. A kin<l of grouse ( luidio fiirmmhii,.

31.— Shalm. Or shawn, a roed-j)ipo lik.? a clariomt ; ( ). Fr.
fhii/rniif, a reed i)ipo, I.at. ciil>intiii, a reed.

Psaltery. A stringed instrument like u harp.

Pugre 107, 5.— hooded. Tho hawks w,,ro h-athor caj)s
or hoods over tho head and eyes wh.-n on ilic perch. 'I lie hood
was removed when tho hawk was let liy at game, and small
bells were fastened to tho wings to frighten tlio quarry.

11.— sewers, servants who set the table nn<l arranged the
dishes.

17. — Conrad. rSeo page 72. lino 2(j. i

Pnsre 108, 2. -Smote with his gauntlet. " ThoRuther-

fords of Hunthill wero an ancient rico of Horder l.airds whose
names occur in histo; /, sometinies a** dofen liiu' thu frontier
against the English, sometimes as distiirbiug tho peace of their
own country. Dickon I)raw-the-.Swor<i was son to tho an«ient
warrior called in tradition tho Cock of Iluntliill, remarkable

ill

UTI-X

for lontliii.; ln«o Iwittlo tiim* m.n*, K'tHiiit* wuriimt, all rti*iis of
tlio anoii'iit <!|iutii|>ioii.'' S«m»tt.

10.- bit his glove. " T.> l.iu. tli.. thiiinti or tlm «|.,vn mwuiH
not tohii\.( Lfcn tniisi-lort'i!. ii{H)n tliK n..iil.r, us u g.stun) «,r
c!oiit..rni.f, th.-iigh w. iis..,l liy Shakri^pc-ani, Imt uh a plwlyo of
inoitnl rtv.n^'o. It is y.t. r<tii< niU-ivil tlmt a yniinj^ g.ntlo.
nioiiof ToviuUlah', oil tlio mnnii,,;; attvr a liiinl «lrinkiiig-l.oiit,
olmorvod that ho liail l.itt.'n his tflovo. IIo inst untly (h.niaii.Jud
of hi-ioompunioii witii whom h« hail qiuirn-ll.-.l ? .\n.|,luiirniiig
thut hu hiulhud wonU withoiio of thu party, insisttul on instant,
Bntisfnrtion.assortinj; tlmt thoiiijh ho riMiii!iiil.inMl nothing of
thodispmo, y,.t ho wan Hiiro Iio novtr would have Mt. his glovi-

unloMH ho had ri ivod somo iinpar.lmial.Io insult. IT.t foil lu

tliodufl, which wuh f«»uj,'ht noar Siikirk, in 1721." .Sott.

1 •.— lyme-dOg. A hound, a liiintinj^ih)-; h-d l»y a lytuo or
leani, that is, u hiasli. (!oiii|.uro han-dog.

18. -Cologne. AcjM'nt en Hist sylhibhi. Tim old Knglirth
naino was ('oluii.

21.— buttery. Tlui iiuntry, a i'l;i.-.< for pim isions,os|M.riiilly
ht'c-r uiid wino. Cornipfvd fn.iii M.K. /»,/./,,;,, tho plaw for
bottioM, not connt'ctiid with Imttcr.

21.— Selle. Scat Fr. *.//., f.at. .•<.//.». Isiially u sad.llr.

Piisro 10J>. 5.— Remembered him of. R. (l. xivo uso of

|)c>rsonal jironoiin, coiiiiM<»n in Old Kn;;lisli, osi.n<i:iily with
words descrihing motion or mental action. Coniiiure • Mount
theo,"etc

10.— Solway Strife. The hattlo of Sol way Moss, l.-)12, at
wliich ten thousand Scots flf<l li.foro tlireo hundred Kn'-lish
horsomon wliom they mistook for tho English ..rmy, whiidi was
really thirty mih-s away. Tlio a/Tuir preyed uj-on tho spirits
of .lames V. so much that he died brok.n-lieart.-d a few days
after tho disaster, at Falkland Palace, Dec IH, 1512.

11. — trencher. A wooiien piato.

19.— bodkin. A small dagger. Dimin. of W. /mA.-/, (Jaelio
hiotlag.

20.— spurned. Kicked ; A.S. .sjHorunu, to kick against.
22.— Riot and clamor. These quarrels were common
enough among the Borderers, and are characteristic of tho

Kit'!^\^

Canto VI.

-*..,.!..( van.I inai,.M.....f fhrfir...... Tho ,..,..t,. I...„,.v,.,. j^ |,..,v

|m,,,u,...« tl... vv„y f..,. ,|.u l.vvaiV. M..|.|..n .liMa,.,.. aian'.....

" Tl... u,.,„.»ra,.r.. un.l .|,v.H of tlM, ,..„„,..„>' uH...„.l,|,..i |n ti...

;■'"';''•"!"'"';';''•'''•''<"' ' ^»'" '*..>-M...-.,t f..u...iu«.i,i..i.

.1.0 Imhh..Ih un.l l.avvksun.,...t tlu, h-ant l...,.,.,fu,.t ,,.■,<,.„».„..

uftl.uW,an.a,uroH.^ainl.a,.,,vi,,,ita.i..,Mofil.,.uu.,,l...Mrrn,M

;\'"'""""^''''"^" li^lM.lu,.,M,..S....tt l.a. «,..„;;|,t ,nu..h..l

i.H ,n...t fXMU.Mt., i,Mas..,y an-l .I...,.n,.,i..„. A „.,,i,., ,„,,,

.HthatuH..Mnl.l..,| in Ilr„..hul,u CaH.l., i,.,l; | . ith ,.atiu,..l

|.n,u.lu^Sttn.| l...:u...l «i,h uinn, h....,..h .0 l,as., ......tain.-l in

.U..lfH„m,.,..nf,M.....|. of s,,o„t,u,...M.s .lisonl.r: J.„t th.,(;ohli,.

laj;., m V..II n.i,o,l,UM..l, as a,.,.l>in^. a torch .0 tl.i. ,„a.. of
«^'.n»MHt, ,l..s. (^.am.Is, higl.ly ..l.ara.f.riMi.. of It..,-.!, r M,a„.
U.TH, l.o,h in tinir rau^o un.ltim n.a.u.-r in u hi.-h tl..y uiv
su|.|H.rl.M|, .„.„.., a^ u,.|| a.nons .1,.. |.„,|Iv ^mm.^u as 11,., v.-o-
moii u>st.nil.|..,l ill tlio l..it ..., y.-' Tin i ',;;;.., I /.-, ,/, „•. |.su5. '
2';. -By this timoi.

xr^" *"!"* .^'^^r"^ ^'''""®- *'•'"''" ^'••"'"". -'•"•"« -•« "f
Mai..-.., Karl. fM.,nfi.i.l,, .-ommonly surna,,,..! .I.,l,n with tl„.

Hnoht Swor.l, „,...» 8on.o .li.,,l,,as.,r« ris.u ajjain.t hi.u at
court, r..U,v.| with many of hin dan an.l Kindn.! into th., Kn--.
Iish B.mh.r. in tho r.i,n ..f King H.-nry ih. Kour.h, uhor.3 th.'y
s..a..d th..,Ms..Ivos ; an.l n.any of th-ir ,.„s,..nry hav..,.o>.tinu(.,l
ev.rsm.... Mr. Sun.iror-I, sp-akin^- ..f th. ,n >ays , „hi.h in.!.-.,!
was applicablo to most of tli., IJonh-rcrH on both si.h-s , • " Thi-v
were, all stark n,09s.troop,.rs, an,l arrai.t thi-VfH : Both to Kii-'.
and an.l S,..,thin.l outlaw..,!; y.-t s..„...ti,„o.s conniv.-l ul
Lecauso thoy gavo forth int..lligonco of Sc-otlan.|, an.l woul.j
raiso 4<)0 horso at any ti,„o upon a rai.l of tho Knj,'!ish inf., S.v.t-
la:..l. A saying is iv.M.r.]...! „f ;, „...th.-r to h.-r son (u hich is
n..w l,e(M,mo pr.norbial), 'Ri.K., Rowic-v, hough's i' t h.. pot ' : that
iH, the hist pioco of lK3ef was in th.» p..t, a.ul thorefon, it was
high tinio f..r hiiu to go an.l fetch i.i..ru."'-.S«j..TT.

32. -the Land Debatable. "Tho rosi-lonco of tho Onrmes
being clu..fly in the Debatable Lan.l, so callcl iMcauso it was

clanne.l by both king.ioms, their .I..pre,]ati.ms c.xt.n,l, .1 bot h t.
J'.iiguUKl and Scotland, with impunity; ior as both war.l.'ns
aocmute.! theui tlio proper subj.-cts ..f th.ir own princo, neither
in.-lined to demand reparation for th. ir .■x.....^,.s from tho
opposite olHcers, whicli would have been an acknowledgment

*-.*

234

NoTKH.

of his jurisdiction over thoiii. Tho Dultutuhlu Laud whs finally
divided Letwixt England and Scutlaud, by cotiiuiissiouers ap-
pointed liy both nations." — Scott.

Pago 110, 4.~HiS simple song. "It is the author's
object, in these songs, toexomplify tho difTerentatyk-s of ballad
narrative which prevailed in this island at ditTureiit periods, or
indifferent conditions of society. Tho first (Albert's) is con-
ducted upon the rude and simple model of the old Border
ditties, and produces its effect by the direct and concise narra-
tive of a tragical occurrence." — Jkffrky.

" The three succeeding songs are each a type of dilTeront styles
of the poetry of the i)cri«id. That of Albert Gra-me is 'the
simple song of a Borderer.' He is without tho Italian culture
of Fitztravcr, or tho skill shown by 'Harold' in heightening
interest by touches of softer feeling— sentimental in tho better
sense of the word. His ballad is Hoim-ric in its directness ; not
aline (except the simple refrain} but is ])Iain, unadoriu^d nar-
rative up to tho la^^t verse, where we are reminded of tho lis-
teners. " — Phillpotts.

Pag-e 111, 21,— roundelay. A kind of ballad in which
tho first line is repeated, a dancing song.

All three of the songs introduced are love-songs, notwith-
standing what the aged Minstrel said on page 43.

25.— The gentle Surrey. " The gallant and unfortunate
Henry Howard, Earl of .Surrey, was untiuestionably the most
accomplished cavalier of his time; and his sonnets displ.-iy
beauties which would do honor to a more polished age. He
was Ixjheaded on Tower Hill in 151G— a victim to the mean
jealousy of Henry VIII., who could not bear so brilliant a char-
acter near his throne.

"The song of tho supposed bard is founded on an incident
said to have happened to the Earl in his travels. Cornelius
Agrippa, the celebrated alchemist, showed him in a looking-
glass the lovely Geraldine, to whose service he liad devoted his
pen and his sword. The vision represented her as indisposed,
and reclining upon a couch, reading her lover's verses by the
light of a waxen taper."— Scott.

Page 112. — " The second song, that of Fitztraver, the bard
of the accomplished Surrey, has more of the richness and polish

Canto VI.

2.35

and Spenser is the most famous. As'^cor'aTd with t.r.r '
two songs, it cannot be said to bring out ^^tZ^ ' •"''

excellence as a song writer, "-f":^! " ' ^^^actenst.c

'Fitztraver's song is a little picture in itself T>,« *
resembles that of Spenser It ha, «; . / '^'*"^''

three8ets,(„)land3 (^2 4 ^ 7r Tl o°"'' "^y"""S '"

25.-hIght. Promised ; past participle of A.S. h.!iuu.

Araluc c„rrupt.„n of Gr. ,f,.cr.^, g^,,.,^, J^^, J' "• •'»•
J:T ''•■'' '■■-«'»"•'""«• M-de o' ivory, .,„t. ,„„..

f" Od.n "•.f-«"*»''«»- ^■""o-" ..«"« „r .,,„ Orkney,.

22. -Scald.
23.— Runic.

stone.

26.— Saga. Norse tale or epic contain,'.,., ,....»» i
.nd 'radiU„„,„nh,auci„.aslLli„aZ:'' '"" '"'''"■■''"•

tfto Julda. It was vo.ry nearly cau-ht bv the xr,..i ti.^, i
went to fish for it with a hook bait°d w^^h a bulf's h ad r"
the b tue betwixt the evil demons and th: .Lin ties fodil"
whxch as to precede the /?.,.„•„,,., or Tvv iiight of he S^o'
this Snake is to act a conspicuous part."-Sco^. '

A Norse or Scandinavian bard.

Inscribed with Norse r,nu., old l.,t,,.rs cut on

»^i

2;{6

Notes.

29.— dread Maids. " These were the Vn/kyriiir, or 8«^li!ctors
of the Shiiii, desputdie*! hy Odin from Valhalla, to choose thoso
who wore to di(*, and to distribute ♦ho contest. They are woil
known to tlio English reader as Gray's Fatal Sisters," — Scott.

31.— Of chiefs. " The Northern warriors were usually en-

t<inibed with their arms iind their other treasures

Indeed, the ghosts of the Northern warriors were not wont
tamely to suffer their tombs to be plundered ; and hence the
mortal heroes liad an additional temptation to attemi)t such
ail ventures; for they held nothing more worthy of their valor
than to encounter supernatural Iwings." — Scott.

32. — pale death-lights. According to the Sagas, fires
burnt within the toiribs of dead warriors similar to the " won-
drous light" mentioned on page 3(J, line 25.

Page 1 15.— " The third song is intended to represent that
wild style of composition which prevailed among the bards of
the northern continent, somewhf o softened and adorned by
the minstrel's residence in the south. We prefer it upon the
whole to either of the two former, and shall give it entire to
our readers, wlio will probably be struck by the poetical effect
of the dramatic form into which it is thrown, and of the
indirect description by which ever5'thing is most expressively
told, without one word of distinct narrative." — Jeffrey.

" The supreme virtue of this ballad is the simple vigor with
which its pictures are drawn. There is no personal intrusion ;
there are no vain cries and groans ; there is no commenting
and explaining. The pictures tell their own story, and tell it
so vividly and thrillingly that nothing more is needed. The
intensity of the i)iece would bo destn.yed by any words of com-
miseration. The deepest feelings are not the most garrulous.
When the dreadful news reached Macduff that his castle was
surprised and his wife and babes savagely slaughtered, he
pulled his hat over his brows, and gave sorrow no words ; a less
manly grief would have i)layed ' the woman with its eyes and
braggart with its tongue.' This is the true secret of what
power the old ballad poetry possesses. The writers conceive
the situations so forcibly that they cannot indulge in any idle
meanings ; they cannot play with their agony ; their sympathy
is too profound for melodious sighs ; their hands are so para-

Canto VI.

L»;{7

'^:^1^ ''-' ^^""" ^^^ ^''^ ^-^^ -'' ^-t their

We may observe the four distinct parts of the l.alla.l each
contributing xts own share to the total result. The t ., d s
tmct pictures presented form a perfect contrast separated by a
break which we are left to fill up froni our own imagination

^e'. tcTCr':' T *^-/"^^-- ^^ - well sustaSr^t :;

«^e i.ach the last stanza before the whole truth comes out
Not a ]..ae or a word is superfluous, not a syllable is wasted in
explanation and yet the secret motive that prompt Zltl le
to tempt the stormy firth " becomes perfectly manife,r Tho
dramatic effect of the whole is perfect.^ As Mr" SZlor «'

Ihe good knights are dust ' tho ladies p-^t h.rr^ i •

Pas^d, the seer has become a 'part olVhTt L'rld TtJ "^LTh:
was ever curiously gaxing ; the torches of the priests 1 ,, nt ou^
ages ago; but the sights and sounds of natui^e ar s ,^^1

:;^:j;^' "^^^' ''''' ''^^^- ^— 'o-i, winds still /::;;

15.-Castle Ravensheueh. "A largo and stron.. castle
now ruinous, situated between Kirkaldy and Dysart on iTll'

Wilham St. Clair as a slight compensation for tho earldom ^
Orkney, by a charter of King James HI., dated in H71
and xs now the property of Sir James St. Ciair Krski." (no.
Earlof Rosslyn), representative of the fan.ily. It was W a
principal residence of the Barons of Koslin."-Sc-oi4
18.— inch. Island, Gaelic i„^h.

80. -the ring, in this sport a ring hung from a beam and
tho performer endeavored to thrust Lis laL t'ou!;^.? a d
bear i off on the point as he rode past at fulls.eed. irrooum
a good oyo and a steady hand to do this s„.oossf„l,V T
modern military sportof tc-nt-pegging is son.ewhat sin.flar

''The lady betrays herself here. Jealous of her maiden
modesty, she does not wish it to be suspc.-t.-d wl,; sl'i so
anxious to return, but the ea^.-rness wi'th which 'sh'n.k
excuses lets it be seen that her real m-.tive is the v.ry one w ch
shedisavows."— Stiakt. ■" »'iicn

T^T^ *!l* ^' '"' ''^'"" "^^"""^"^ tb.1t the prime motive of
n' Lny and its principal inspiration camo to Scott fn,n. tho

■ f?
■•8,

238

Notes.

"Christabel" of Coleridge. He did indeed gather some hints from
a private copy of Coleridge's poem which supplied some sugges-
tions in regard to the metre, but on tlie whole his obligations
to that source are scant. Professor J. C. Shairp states the case
very fairly :— *• The earlier cantos of The Lay were touched by
some remembrances of • Christaliel,' which, however, died away
before the end of the poem and did not reappear in any subse-
quent one."

It would be difficult to point out anything in Cantos V. and VI.
that bears a trace of Coleridge's dreamy melody. The ballad
of " Rosabelle " is widely different in tone and atmosphere from
anything Coleridge over wrote. It has the flavor and aroma
of the middle age. Professor Thomas Arnold hits itofT happily
inafewwords:-"7%ei:;ay .... exhibits the influence
of thn old romances much more decidedly than those of later
date. Expressions and half lines constantly occur in it, which
are transferred unaltered from the older comjiositions; and the
vivid minute description of Branksome Hall, with which the
poem opens, is quite in the style of tlie old Trouv6res. "

The truth is that Scott owed very little to any of his con-
temporaries. "When his mind addressed itself to original
creation, it was not with anymore literary or simulated fervor,
but out of the fulness of an overflowing heart that he poured
forth his first immortal Lay. In that poem the treasured
dreams of years first found a voice ; the stream that had been
so long pent up at last flowed full and free." Some one may
ask, " Why are these three songs at the betrothal feast steeped
with a tragic sadness that seems out of harmony with the
rejoicing natural to the occasion ?" It is true that " all three
are stories of unhappy love " ; two of them introduce a super-
natural element; and the whole series serves admirably to pre-
pare our minds for the sudden thunder-burst amid which the
Goblin Page and the Magical Book disappear from our view.
The proper answer to the question is that we have here an
example of skilful dramatic shading which lends probability
to the sequel and reveals the consummate art of the poet
through the veil of apparent simplicity.

19-26.— The contrast is striking The twenty barons lie calm
and still in consecrated ground within the "hnly vault"; the
lovely Rosabelle lies deep down beneath the waters of the stormy

Canto Vf.

2.39

approach of an evil suirif T. . "° "' •''"•kn..ss mark the
o.a romance. TulX ';, , '^K „",?,.,:°: "'.Cr'^w '","'"

• Hc-H Uen him to his himtinjr Im'
r or to mako hiirly cln-ip •
. W.C., lou.l tl.o win.l was l.oanl I., s,„„„i
Am nn curf hq.iHko rork'd f 1„. /i„.,r. '
Ami durkiu'ss cncrVl n'Uw hull
\\ h.^ro they s,t ut their iiu-at ;'
J ho Bray dogs hoxvling i,.ff t,,fir t,to,\

Aiirl crept to ironric's f,.,,t.
And louder howld the rising wind
And hurst t ho fastenM door- '
And in there camo a griosly ^host.
fetoo<l stamping on tho lloor."

infr J.^*!: 1-rxi, ,7j;/-^p^"« H... w .p„at-
ducHon „„ pa,^ 48. The Jolii: , 'J j;;;;'-?„'' »="-

It seems odd that after reading pa-os 118 no nr,^ ion

r , r :';t4r " '° "°'"' ™ '"■' "- " " <-

a drunken «t ,„..,ro that he w„, fd flLd „„t iSe^ T '"
turo was dos or devil Wh„t . ." "I' "'"«'■<"■ 'Iw crea-

third day in greaVagl^J!' ''"•'° """"• """ "-" "» "»

240

Notes.

n-8. — On comparing this doscription with that givau oi» pago
5J8, linos 15-18, wo at once identify the wizard.

15.— plight. Condition, promise, vow ; A.S. i>liht, risk, <lan-
gor, pledge.

16.— Saint Bride. "A favorite saint of tlio Jiouse of Dou-
glas, and of the Karl of Angus in particular."— Scott.

22. — St. Modan. A traditionary a>>1)ot of l>ryl)urgh, which
was near Melrose. (See cut, pago 135.)

24.— Rood of Lisle. The holy cross at Lille in France.

Pllffe 121, 12 — uneatll. Hardly, scarcely. From «»,
not, eiithe, easy.

13.— higll-drawn. Tho exprossion is cbscuro, and has been
iuterprotod to mean " drawn so as to bo audible," and " drawn
so faintly as not to bo hoard." Tho first agrees best with
•' might hear uneath."

28.— cowl. (See page 38, line 8, note.)

scapular. Lat. urapnlae, the shoulder-blades ; two bands of
woollen stuff, one crossing the back or shoulders and tho other
hanging down the breast.

29.— Stoles. C^e page 101 , line n, note.) Tho passage moans
that tho Cistercian order of monks at Molroso woro black hoods
and scapulars with white robes.

in order due came.

32.— Taper and liost and book.

wafer, and missal.

Candle, consecrated

PajJTO 122, 2.— mitred. Wearing tho mitro, a kind of
pointed cap worn on solemn occasions by bishops, archbishops,
cardinals and abbots.

8.— requiem. (Se.^ page lOl, lino 10, note.)

11.— the Offlee close. The close of tho office. An " ofTico "
is a form of prayer or service sot down for a particular occa-
sion ; the reference hero is to " tho Otlice for the Dead."

12.— hymn of intercession. It is not very clear what hymn
is meant. It may bo tho intercossional prayer wliich is repeated
at the close of each division of the service for the dead.

Canto V|.

211

1 «— burden. R„frain ro|n,ufco.l at th., vwl ..f each Hti,.r . I.
generally gives tl.o themo ,„. m,l,i.<.t of rl.., ' .'"",' "^•'- /'
term n.ay l.e loosely applied to tL';,!..!:':,. '* " '""

14.— song, 'i'hisfumoas Latin livmiinrTl., ^ i?

r...'~- * xi -iT ""•" 'ij'iiiij oi 1 Horn IS, a Fraiii'i>»f>n.ii

nar of the Neapolitan village of Celano, was con pos.l r^J
Iho original consists of seventeen three-lino sta, . ^ i

Stir"' :' '""^ '' ''''' "-'"•' ^"^"- 8^:::^ '^ly,;:;;

for the Dea.l is only a free paraphrase of three stunxas The
hymn was one <.f Scott's favorites, an.l in his lastil.I The va!
often heard repeating it to himself. ''K'noss I.e was

"On that jfrciit. tJiat awful flay.

Tl'is vain w.„I,l slii.ll pasmiway.
I litis lheKil.y|s,uijr„f„|,i^

Thii> I ath holy David tul.l.

Thci^ sliull he a deadly fear

When the Avjiiy,.,- shall apiusir

A,!d unveiled before His eye.

All the works of nn-n shall liJ.
Hark ! to the tfreat ti-nni|.ets tones
I Vuliiifc' oer the |)la<e of Lones ;
Hark! it wakclh fr.un (luir Led
All Iheiiatii.nsof (hcMlead.-
Inucounn.sstlir.Mitflo meet
At the eternal jndifmeiit seat.

' ■ • • .

Oh, the horrors of that day !

When (his frame of sinful clay.

Starting from its burial |»lai c

3Tust iM-hold Tlue face to fact*.

II<;ar and pity, hea' and ai.l.

.Spare (he creatures Thuu hast mad.- :

Afercy. merry, Kav(\ fory^ive.

Oh. who shall look on Thee and live ? "

t».^^' ^^\7^- '^'''? ''■''^ "^ '"■''^'''' ^^'^^ (^"•^'••^'^ 'J'vy shall dissolv,.
the world m ashes." (See ^,..„.., i. „; ,,f , ,,,, ... f:

2H.-hIgh trump. (See l CW. xv. 25. l

"In the closing lines Scott has embodied what was, at the
tnno when he penned them, the chief day-dream of A^hestiol
n,nn 1 •* ; ■ "" ''•^'•■^"''•1 himself with the i.loa ofhuyjn., a
mountain farm, and becoming not only the ' shcrilf,' bu^the

■ t

242

NOTKH.

/am/ of the cairn ami thoHcaiir" During tho n-

oe«8 of IWH, ciroumst;incu9 ruu.U.nMl it next to certain that the
small estate of Jiru,i,lnu,ulu„u, situated just over against tho
ruins of Newark .-n tho nurthtrn bank of tho Yarrow, woul.l
bo exposed for sale; and many a time did he ride round it
.... surveying tlie beautiful little domain with wistful

^y^* I 'oni^ider it as, in one point of view, tlio

greatest misfortune of his life tliat this vision wasnotrealizi'd ;
but tlio success of tho i)()eiii itself changed ' the spirit of his
dream.'"— Lockhiirt, vol. ii.

Scott Uicanie business partner with Ballantyne and invested
the purchase mon.y of Br..adnioad(.ws in tho publishing con-
cern. Later on tliis investment turned out to bo tlio cause of
tho great financial disaster tliat overtook Sir Walter in 182f5.
(See jiage 1H7.J

OPINIONS AND CRITICISMS.

Tho following paragraphs give a few additional points of
information and a number of critiiiuos from standard authori-
ties whicii will assist the student in forming his own judgment
as he reviews the whole iioem. It will Ikj seen that several con-
flicting opinions have been (quoted.

" ^^'^ history of the. Eiujtixh mefrical romance appears shortly to
ho, that at least tho first examples of it were translations from
tho French ;— that there is no evidence of any such having
been produced before tlio close of tho turfjih century ;— that in
tho thirtaudh century were composed tho earliest of those we
now possess in their original form ;— that in thu fourteenlh, tho
English took the place of tho French metrical romance with all
classes, and that this was the era alike of its highest ascen-
dancy and of i*3 niust abundant and felicitous production ;—
that in the JiJ^eeiUh it was supplanted by another species of
poetry among the more educated classes, and had also to con-
tend with another rival in tho prose romance, but that, never-
theless, it still c tinucd to be produced, although in lessquan-
tity and of inferior fabric for tho use of the common people ;—

Opivionh am, Criticihmh. o|3

an.l thot if, dirl not altogotlier ceai.o » . l «

after the co,„monc«,nent f tZ . *'' '*"^' *""«» '»"

time the tu.ste /or 1^.1 Lr r " f "•'"'"'•^' *''-"™ *hiH
•«a.st counting fro,. L %' ? ''^ *""''"** "'^'"'^'"'^ Ct

national la.rftw::l^"r r"'"'^ ''^ '^^'"•''' '" '^e

art.. t..e lap. of u;::::;;:: ti^x'.r '^^ '^ ''^""'

it the subject of a Mll7 H:\'!i'^''"'''r '^ ""'' ^"" ^ '-'^°
elucidation of the '' o mint In^U ./""^f f'^ ''^''"""^ '» *h«
and bard of the same irstrlt I ""-" '" "" ""'""' ^•^*^'
sequel, intendinrtT.o wh I ; T ""'^^P" completed his own

castsaboatforin.7nr;aiot:fJi ?•''''"'? ^'''*"«^*' '^"^
might bo adopted withll f ^ of diction and rhymo which

year or two before of Zi.^l St-'lJart's casual recitation, a

fixed the music oahl'^o^ f;::^ t Ms L^'^^^^^^'^" '^'"^
occurs to him. that bv fl.^^ ."^^^o^ent in his memory ; and it

■somewhat of a s mill^a . f "-''"'^ "' "^"^''^ ilornerinto

-me. distur^d ;;;:« "anl /"'^ T ''^'^"°^ ^-"^^-
Prohably all that h'e rerplat, b:t"ri's T' «T'"' ^^^
mont in the midst of „ „T .^"^ ' ^"* ^'^ .iccidental confino-
moditate his hem« / *,/"^"°'^^'^ «'^'"P gave lam leisure to

thereflloLn h m tho"; "?' "' *'« ''"«'«' ^^^ -^'^-'y
as to embra e r v "d nanoT "M""" '" ""^''^ """-« -

and tumult an^ lu IrtTaTslnl t th' I'-^^hr "'^ "^ ? '
on the Miwsfrti.u had b^i '"''^7*'f.^*'"-h i"3 researches
even the minutest featnr^b f L'' "^ '"' ^"'agination, until
with unconscLus iitenr r^"' '"^^" '"'"" ^^^^ ^«-'--l
for himselHn Z na,t I' '^"P'^^^^' «« '^at be had won

familiar tLlpCent"Fr:;"''''p^"'^^ '^'^ ^"'""''^^ -
he would do wel toTvide tl "^ Cranstoun suggests that

eachofthema nlttoox^^^^^^^^ cantos, and prefix to

ionofSpenserrC.FaorTS:'' I?

'aoryi^ueen. He pauses for a moment

244

NoTKH.

—Olid tho hoppieHt coiu^uption «)f tlic frainowork of a picturosqiio
narrativo that evor o<c,..in<d to any pm-t— ouo that irmnor
might hiivoenvh'd— tho cri'atii 111 of tliu aneioiti harper Htarts
to life. By Buch stcp^ did the A/iy o/tht. Jai"/ Mimlitl jjruw out
of tho Mimtrtlxy o/t/n Svttlt'uih //o/vA/-.— Iamkhakt.

•• Thf. Micrif o/thf. xiirrtMM u/S<,>trM /Hxtrif lay partly in Jiin miii-
joctH, partly in his niodo of troatinj,' thnrii, and partly in liis
versification. Ho lovps to ski'teh kni<,'htlMMKl and rhivalry.
baronial castloa, tho camp, tho court, tho grove, with antiqiu'
manners and institutions. T<. tlu-so \w adds hojiutifiil descrip-
tions of natural scenery anrl grapliic doliMoati<»ns of passion
and character. If is i)ersona','os he takes sonietinies from his-
tory and somotinies from imagination, the former idealized l.y
fancy and tho latter made the more r«>al hy Ix-ing associated
with men and women already familiar to us on tho page of
history or in actual life. Tho knights of Spenser, tho every-
day life of Chaucer, the ladies of Shakespeare, tho antiquarian
lore of Drayton, all meet on canvas, and everytliing cajiahlo of
life seems endow('d with it. In his power of vivifying and har-
monizing all his characters, Scott is second only to Sha''-
spearo. For background ho has magnificent groupings of la
scape and incident, which acquire additional charm fron le
power ho gives them of exciting liuman sentiment and omo. .on.
His n:>:si/fraf!oii, moreover, is ever api)ropriato to his purpose ;
it is based upon the eight-syllabled rhyming metre of the Trou-
vJires, which was admirably adapted by its easy flow for narra-
tive powers. But that metro alone would have been very
monotonous; Seott has, therefore, blemlfd with it a fre<iuont
mixture of ..ther kinds of Englisli verse, trochaic, dactylic, and
anapestic ; liis most a -mon expedient is to employ a short
six-syllabled lino aftoi octf)-syllabic couplets or triplets— a
variety th.it gives at once melody and strength. At other times
he makes tho third and sixth linos rhyme, forming a six-lino
stanza. The idea of this versifi.-.vtion, Scott himself s.iys, was
taken from tho example of C(deridge, and especially from tho
'Christabel.'"— Anois.

" Tho only poetical form which could possibly have compre-
hended Scott's genius in all its bnuulth w.is" tho lhu„iat;,.
Drauialic potrcr, in th>i vuhxhuiad >ttn.st, he />a*st.s.sefZ in tht hiijh>M

botJmn ago. ho would ..,.. l.avo rant .vl' "^ *" "'" ^'"'''*-

thor8hof«lthir„«,.lf alwav,.fr,.. i ''j"^'*"'\ *"" "P'ntual l,ro.
Ho i, ono of the ..y)7]Z^'' ':?? ^" '"^ "--F-thic,.

oven loH. worthily than in L" J . . ''''"''•■'*''^ ''^'•"»

scorn as if every groat a"o 1. 1 '"""^'""- '^ ^""''l

">vnformofexZ:;;irh.^ 'a ::j;r:^ v^- ^""•'

Scott's time was an obsuleto tiZ ' ^ ''" ^*''*""^ '"

-ith all Scott', "a:: t ;^:=;'°-?- -j-''-^

The ono shape in which all r t, j /^t J''' ''"■'" "'^'"""•
rovealo.1 was the Xovl Tho N'nl . ''"'""" "^"^ '" ^'

what tho Drama walfor Sh .k "'' ^'"" ''"' ''''>- '^^•' ''"• ''""

his various talo^trt^o to fi' r'""r''' |'!^ "^"•- Tlu-ro all
tion. his tragic intern t^; h\'7''^^' ''.r «'"-••' ^'^serva-
humour."-HALia. ^ ' excollenco, his iufiuito

'* From tho various oxtracu wn u^
W en.1,1., t„ ,,„.,„ a t.,"""; l°,^^,^7""' '"■-"-'- win

.."«■ bcuu exl,il,U..,l, ,™ ,„,,„ v,.,.t„J . . '"'' '"'"'

t..mb-U,e march oU Jb "n ^7^ "l"'''''',"'', "' ''■" "-'^-l'-
".e w.il. of t,,o ea»tl,, a..,;".',', ,7":; ,,";L"'""'^ '"""™

und poetical oncr-'v vlii.J. u..h • i '" """"" ''''•''t

passu,..s occur in ev ' v pan o n n " '"l"' "''"^^ ''^ •^'-^

striking un.l merito io': . 'h 7'" '"''"•" ^''" '"-"
thom. uithout injury in t'l.o f f ""r"-n'lo to dotu„h

to apprize tne. r. -.A , Ln t 1 'I ' r"""'''"- ^^ '^ '"'* f'^''"

won to hear of ' thr ..allmt f) ; "' """/'""y. We liko very

Kni,htofUlde.ia^::'::^^::;;:: :::;;;;:Y'''''^^

names wh.n wo n-id of tl. . , •« " I'^^^-iting p„wcr of gro.-it

• beneatK .i,..,..::;,,':;'';;;:;:,,: ";;,,;';::';•-' '•• "■" »-•

ucrs.' Iiut„.^ ,,„//,, ,.„„, , M. p. urns i,.in-i..d Kan-

'«;,-.»,■«„ J/,,,.' , :;ir:,f;;,r'";''''-' • ■''" "■■ '-" ""-

'^^i any ijlow of patriotis,,. or ancient

24rt

JJllTK.S.

vtrtuo in hearing uf the T(m1.
ArmHtnmgMauil TiiiUiiii!« ; ■'
tioii i>f niauk Jock of At)i«>
Fire-tliu-DruoB, Bud Bulanu I
thiuH, whu

III Hrotliiiiiliini! ,

; I.I- >' himtuii claiiM, <ir of KIliotH,

I '.' H 'un wo ri'li^h tln» iiitnHliio

W' itNlndetliuIlawk, Arthtir-

I' -nT. or any other of thosu wor-

,Hl .1,
I'lit'lli'

1- •iic/.h.

b'llll.

to mri<iiHni»«H or dig-
iiiiglit liavi' adiiiittixl

into a poem wliioh hat* »ny |>n^bei -i)'

iiity. The nnciot;t motricj nunnn -i

the«e homely iHirRonalitiou, but thoprowiit age will not emlunt

thorn ; and Mr. Scott must uithci 8acrifi<u his Border preju-

dicoH or offend all hia roadors in the other parts of the empire."—

.Ikkkhky, 180r>.

t "'■

"The lar<j:«i quotationn wo have made from this singular
p<H'm must have convinced our readers that it alniunds eiiualiy
with poetical description and witii circumstunct-s curious to thi-
antiquary. These are further illustratel with Srttf/ixh /nini/ux, or
tonrtr'otiit in thtir history. The author ha» maiiatfnl th< n rsijica-
tiu j/thtftotm with ijreatjudijintitt and tfit mottt ha/tpi/ ejlicf. If
ho had aimed at the grave and stately cadi-nce of tho epic, or
any of our moro regular measures, it would have been im,ossi-
blo for him to have brought in Buch names as Wat Tiulinn,
Black John, Priesthaugh, Scrogg, and other Scottish names, or
to have spoken of the lykvwaki, and the .s/oifuv, and >lri ri mj of raf-
tfe, which Popo and (Jray would have thought as imiiossiblo to
introduce into serious poetry as Boilcau did the names of towns
in tho campaigns of Louis IV. Mr. Scott has, tlierefore, very
judiciously thrown in a great mixture of the familiar, and var-
ied the measure ; and if it has not the finished harmrmy which,
in such a subject, it were in vain to have attempted, it has
great ease and spirit and u< v r tires tho reader. Indeed we
think wo see a tendency in the publio taste to go back to the
moro varied measures and familiar style of our earlier poets ; a
natural consequence of having been satiated with the regular
harmony of Popo and his school, and somewhat wearied with
the stiffness of l<jf ty poetic language. " — The Annwtl Jieritu , 18o4.

"Then hi-, ;«#/vr* of ,t, *,i,^;,m „:,;■ ,,u,,,„„ll.,l ...Ttulrilv

n.tv.T mirpuHHt..!. lfUlai..|H..a,H,H, luHdmr.i..f..rH I Mituutioi,^

wore ull n-.ul .l.ain.iitio.m; i„ geu.ml ..iT.vt aiul lu.livi.l.ml
.l«tailH, thoy wen, eM.iully porfout. N.,„o ..f Iuh .v.ut.MnpMiarioH
luwi the Humo pieturu«.,ti«„oHH, fui,ry, ,.r invrnti,,,,; i,„„y m,
graphic in d«pictin{fi„u„,H.M ui„l ci.Ht.,mH; „„„o «„ f,.,tiU. ii,
.uvoiitinjf incMouU; ,., ,„o ho fuHrlnatin^ i,, ni.rrutiv.., or s..
various and puvvcrful iii JoMcr ptioii."-CiiAMi.KKs.

.Sr«//. .-omnuv,.. ,\ flh hi. ,■,>:,... .,:,.. n,~hul\, l.nru ui..|
rugg.MK with a Hwift .loep sfrruin -f sfm,, ^< p„ro f,.,.|i„jj runnii,.^
throuyf, it. There i • pl.-nty of c.,|,.r in hi^ pioti.r..., as th.^n.
1^ on tlieSr.tch hilU when tho houthor U o .t. An.l «., thtro i.
!'Kmtyofinr.3nsityof«iii,pl.., nuti.nil, ui.Hophisti«at,,.|, l.unly
und manly .iiaracters. B„t us f.,r 8.,l.tl..ti,.s an.l fiuo nhmli-sof
fouling in his poonis, or anything like th., manifold haimoni...
of tho rich.T arts, th.-y aro not to l.o f.-un-l : itis„„|y ,xt H...
.•xp..n8o of tho higher .luuliti.s of his n.niantic p.-.-try th.t ..vn
in tins small niousurn it is siipplit'.l."— Hi rr.iN.

"Friends to pn-cininn of .'pithrt will pr..l.al.U .1, ny ,i,

lothtnn,n>io/,,,rnt. Ono kn.»vvs i,„t what i-l.-a " woi |,y , , i„

namo of groat, what purpos.,, instinct, ,r toml.- y tli.. t c.nl!

1.0 called great, Sct)tt was ever inspii.-d with. His lu- ua^

worldly, his ambitions w.-re worldly. Tl,. re j, nothing ^,.i,.i,

ual in him ; all is economical, mat^irial f t o eartli^^arthy

A lovo of pictures., u.., of heautifiil, vi_ -n is, ami "ru.-.i-il

things; a genuine love, yet not .,i.,ro gon ,in., than ha° .ju.lt

nihun.lifdsof men, name.l mim.r p.,. ts-t.us is tho lii-h.-t

.luality to 1.0 discerned in him .... ft w.-re a Ion- .^hap

ter to uiif.d.l the dilTi'n.nce in draw!,, ,^ a dianuM. r hotwr.-n

Scott ami a Shakespeare or Co.-tlu.. Y. it a .litToren.-.. liter

ally immense ; tlu.y are of a .liiren-nt sj i, ; tl, value ,.f the

one IS not to bo oiinted in the coin of ,. ..tt.er. Wo mi-ht

say in a short w.>nl, which overs a long : at.r. that 30.11-

Shakespeare fashhms his characters fn,,.. tl.., h.arr o.ifwanis ;

your Scott fashions them from the -kin iiiuanl-. ncvr ^'-nin-'

near tho heart of them. Tho one ^■■t bec.n.e living men ami

women; tlio other amount to liflo m.jre than m.'.;liani.-al

cases, deceptively j-aint.^l automat.-i .,."— Caki^vi.i;.

24.S

Notes.

"Tlw. tists oj yre.atue>*.H nrr. — (1) hiiinility ; Scott never talks
about till! dignity of literature; ho has uo afTectatiou, and
although a inaiint'rist, u<) assumption of manner ; and (2) the
ease with which ho does his work. But in his faultn, likewise,
Ruskin finds him a rei)resentative of his ajje — 1. In faitliful-
ness ; 2. lu the habit of looking idly back on the past without
understanding it, without a real wish to rticall it ; 8. In ignor-
ance of true art; 1. In the melancholy which underlies his
3cei)ticism. Observe, further, tho way in which ho looks at
Nature, ' as having an animation and i)athos of its own, wholly
irrespective of human presence or passion,' and liis preference
for colour over form in landscape painting."— Mokkis, quudny
Jlutikin.

"Yet on tho other hand, tho surliest critic must allow that
Scoft «'«■■< a ijr.nuiiie man, which itself isa great matter. No affec-
tation, fantasticality, or distortion dwelt in him ; no shadow of
cant. Nay, withal, was ho nota r'ujUt Imii't amlMroiKjman, accord-
ing to his kind ? What a load of toil, what a measure of feli-
city, he quietly bore along with him ; with what quiet strength
he both worked on this earth, "ud enjoyed it; invincible to evil
fortune and to good ! A most composed invincible man ; in
difficulty and distress knowing no discouragement; in danger
and menace laughing at tho whisper of fear. And then, with
such a sunny current of true humor and humanity, a free, joy-
ful sympatliy with so many things; what of firo ho had, all
lying so l)eautifully latiiit, as fruitful internal warmth of lile;
a most robust, healthy man ! ... If no great man, then
something much pleasanter to be, a robust, thoroughly healthy
and withal very prosperous and victorious man "— Caulyi.e.

"Ho has dazzled tho reader with the splend(jr, and even
warmed him with tho transient lioat of various alTections ; but
he. has iioirhi re. fa'nl i/ liii<ll((l h!m irith i iithiis'ntxin or nxlhtl him
into tentUrneiM. Writing for the world at large, he has wisely
abstained from attempting to raise any passion to a height to
which worldly people could not be transporteil, and contented
himself with giving Ids reader the chance of feeling, as a bravo,
kind, and afTuetiouato gentleman must often feel in tlio ordin-
ary course of his existence, witlumt trying to breathe into liiin
either that lofty enthusiasm which disdains the ordinary busi-
ness and amusunu i.ts of life, or that quiet and deep sensibiliiy

OPIXUINS AM) CUITKISMS.

I'll)

which unfits f..r most .,f its |.uisuit.s. With n-ar.I t„ .lictim,
uiid iina-fi-y, to.,, it is quito «>l.vi..us tlmt J/,-. S,;>tt hnx vot aim,,!
iU ,n;l„n, ,ith<r in a r,,y ,„tre or a r.nj run.isU ,d slyl,. Ho s»H-ms
to iiavo l,oen anxious only to strike, and to h« t-usily and univor-
sally uu.lorstood ; and, for tliis i.urpose, to hav., cullod the
most glittering and conspicuous expnissions of the most popular
authors, and to have interw<,von thtm in splendid confusion
with hig own nervous diction and irregular versification. In-
ditrerent whether ho coins or borrows, and drawing w ith equal
freedom on his memory and his imagination, he goes l.ol.JIy
forward, in full reliance on a never-failing al.und;:uce, and
dazzles, with his richness and variety, oven those who are m.,st
apt to bo offended with his glare an.l irregularity. Th.ro is
nj'tliing, in Mr. Scott, of the severe and maj.stic stylo of
Milton -or of tlio terse and fiuo composition of Pop,- „r of tli,,
elaborate eloganco and t. ludy of Campbell- nr excn of tin,
flowing and redundant diction of Southey."— .Jkkfkkv.

" llyroa and Srolt nr,: not easi/y romi»ir,,l. Scott is the poet of
mmantic history. Byron „f actual and everyday life. Scott
•Icvelopshis characters through his plot, Uyron by .lirect de-
scription of their thoiigiits and speech. Sett is s.'ldom seen in
his hues, Byron is the chief fi-ure iu his. Scott is ever trustful,
gentle, unselfish, chlvaliuus : in nyn.n we have h)fty -enius
and generous impulses in strangest combination with misan-
thro,,y, scepticism, and lici-nti.,usness. Scott is intensely
human, Bynm 'Satanic' Both, h.nvever, are mannerists, and
both are writers of animate.1 poetry. Both excel in paintin-
strong passion iu cutiast with feminine softness an.l delicacy
(Scott's skill in passion-painting bciui,. shown chiiily in his
novels), but tlie softness of Byron's heauties is sensual and
Eastern. " — A no is.

" Theij an: dlsliiirilr, 1;, f,„.l-< „f arih; lij,. Thoy portray, in
sf.irited narrative, idealized resemblances of tho scenes of

reality ; events which arise out of the universal relations of soci-
ety, hoj !sand fears, and wishes which aieopen to the conscious-
ness of all mankind. They neither aspired to the praise of
wed.ling poetry with abstract tlu.ught, nor as.-.onded int., th.,^,.
secluded walks of fanciful musin- in which none delight but
minds very finely tuned. Both of them have described some of

-^i

250

Notes.

their works as talcH ; and it has been said of Scott, while it
might with nut less truth have been said of Byroii, tliut his
works are roniuuces in verse. It is umiucstiuiiaMe tliat they
have neither the elevation nor the regularity belonging to tiie
highest kinds of narrative poetry ; and, while the poems of the
one are in many points strikingly analogous to his historical
novels, those of the other often derive their popular attractive-
ness from sources of interest nearly akin to that which prevails
in less worthy works of fiction. Bu« the model of both poets
was something different from the regular epic, and if thire
must be a comparison the standard i? to bo sought elsewhere.
Scott, fondly attacLed to the early literature of the land, began
his authorship on Tha MiuxtrtlMy of the 8roltinh Ilwdtvwiih tJie
reduplicn*lonand imitation of ancient balhuls ; and ho avowedly
designed his poems as restorations, with changes suited to
modern tastes, of a very interesting olass of poems with which
he was not less familiar. His originals were the Romances of
Chivalry ; and, after the extraordinary success of his attempts
at embodying the chivalrous and national idea, nothing was
more natural than that the example should be a))plied, by
Byron as well as others, in the construction of narratives found-
ed on a different kind of sentiment.'"— Si'ALDiNti.

"Wordsworth is reported to have said in conversation that, as
a poet, Scott cannot lirt^for he him m ri;r irritttii anything atltlrejvied
to the immortal part of man. This he said of his poetry, while
s)>eaking more highly of his prose writings. Carlyle, on the
other hand, has included both under tlio same condemnation.
He has said that our highest literary man had no message
whatever to deliver to the world : wished not the world to ele-
vate itself, to amend itself, to do this or that, except to give him
for the books he kept writing, payment, which he might button
into his breeches pocket. All this moralizing bears somewhat
hard on Scott. Is it true ? Is it the whole truth ? Is there
nothing to be set over against it ? On Scott's side may it nut
be said, that it ii noxmall thing to have h.en tlie irriter who, alnn^
all ofhem, has delighted childhowi and hot/hood, delighted tliem and
affected them in a way that the self-cuus-'ious moralizing
school of writers never could do? There must l>e mmtthing high
or noiUe in that which can .so take unnophiMicated fiearts. In his
later days Scott is reported to have asked Laidluw what he

OpivroNs AVI) Ckiticisms. 251

thought the moral influence, uf hh writings had been. Luidlaw
well replied that his works wore the delight of tl.o young, and
that to have so reaclie.1 their hearts was surely a good work to
have done. Scott was affect-d almost to tears, as well ho might

/"• • •. Poetry refuses to be made over as the

handmaid of anyone philosophy or view of life or system of
lH;lief . But It 13 equally true that it naturally allies itself only
with what is highest and best in human nature .
Naturally it is the ally of all things high and pure; among
tlieso IS Its home."— SuAiKi-. "

" It were late in the day to write criticisms on those Metrical
Romances : at the same time, wo may remark, the great
popularity they had seems natural enough. In the first place
there was the indis,)utable impressof worth, of genuine human
orce, m them. This which lies in some degree, or is thought
to he, at the bottom of ail popularity, did to an unusual de-reo
.hsr'ose itself in these rhymed romances of Scott's. Pictures
were actually painted and presented, human emotions con-
ceived and sympathized with. Scott was as preferable to what
he displaced as the substance is to wearisomely repeated
shadow of a substance. But, in the second place, wr. may say
that the kind of worth which Scott manifested was especially
htted for the then temper of men. Wo have called it an a-o
fallen into spiritual languor, destitute of belief yet terrified at
scepticism ; reduced to live a stinted half-life under strange
new circumstances. Now vigorous whole-life, this was what
uf all things these delineations offered. The reader was carried
back to rough strong times, wherein these maladies of ours had
not yet arisen. Brawny fighters, all cased in buff and iron
their hearts, too, sheathed in oak a M triple brass, caprioled
their huge war-horses, shook their death-doing sj^ars, and
went forth in the most determined manner, nothing doubting
The reader sighed, yet not wil^out a reflex solacement: 'Oh
that I too had lived in those times, had never known these
logic-cobwebs, this doubt, this sickliness, and been and felt
myself alive among men alive !' And, histly, that in this new-
found poetic world there was no call for effort on tI,o reader's
part ; what excellence they had, exhibited itnelf at a glance It
was for the reader, not the VA Dorado only, but a beatific land
of Cockaigne and Para.lise of Donothings! The reader was

^ :

252

Notes.

allowed to lie down at his ease and be ministered to. Tlie lan-
guid imagiiiation fell back into its rest ; an artist was tliere
who could supply it with high-painted scenes, with seijuences
of stirring action, and whisper to it, 'Be at ease, and let the
tepid element be comfortable to thee.' ' The rude man,' says
a critic, ' requires only to see something going on. The man
of more refinement must be made to feel. The man of complete
refinement must be made to reflect.' "— Caui.ylk.

SCOTT'S PLACE IN LITERATURE,

WILLIAM CLARK, M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C.,
Professor in Trinity UniversUy, TorotUo.

Wr have h€>ro to deal, not with the history of him who has
been styled the Wizard of the North, nor with the production
of his works during the time of his literary activity, l.ut with
the distinguishing characters of his genius, with the place
which may be properly assigned to him in the litoruturo of
Great Britain or even in the literature of tlie world.

It is never quite easy to determine the relative position of a
great writer; but in the case of Scott there are peculiar diffi-
culties. The subjects in which he was most deeply interested,
the beauty, purity, and simplicity of his character, the connec-
tion of his principal writings with the past history of his
country in some of its most romantic aspects, and the manner
in which his works were produced— all combine to invest him
with an interest which almost forbids a calm jud^jmontof his
works. Around his own native land he has thrown such a
charm, such a glamour, that to every S<:otchman at least he
has become the object of a kind of worship.

On the other hand, we must not forget that a sort of chill
has been thrown over our estimate of Scott by the grudging
praise bestowed upon hira by another Scotchman, certainly
one of the foremost Scottish names in literature, namely,

.S<u'n's PlacK in J.ITEUATLHK. 253

Thomas Carlyle. fro.a whoso jn.lgmonts ,„.,. .1., ....t easily
.I.fTer--„ot ea..lv, yet sometimes q.uto definitely, evo„ i„
regard to Scottinl. authors with n-forencc to who.n Curlylo
had best n.^ht to speak. Thus we cannot a-^ree witl» all
Carlyle s utterances i„ ,egar,I to Ta„. o' Shantor, and in differ-
ing frojn h.m we have Walter Scott and Burns himself o„ our
Hide So, with regard to his famous essay on Scott, we nn^ht
perhaps say that it woul.l form an excellent text for tl.o stu.ly
of our great poet and novelist, tl.o student l.eing duly admon-
.she,l to note can.fully tho points in which he was .-onstrained
to agree or differ with the essayist.

Shaking <.urs..lves free alike frou. the infl.iences of partiality
and unfavorable prejudice, ue have no hesitation ina.signin^
^ S,.,ot the first ph.ce un.ong Scottish literary n.en and a verj
high place a.nong all writers of English, or indeed of any
human ianarua'i'e. -^

To Login with his poetry, we cannot claiu, for him the nan.o
of a great poet; yet surely the pl.-.ce recently and somewhat
«rudg,nglyass,gne.l to hi,,, is low.r than that wl.i..l, l.e n.ay

r.g htfully cla.,n. If you .ill listen to so of our „.odern

cntics you will off.ee half of tho .an.es of our Hritish poets
f om the roll Dryden and Pope must go, to s.y nothi,lg of
the later poets of tho eighteenth century, and then Seot^, of
course, and even Byron. Before w. fall in wiM, th.-so peremp.
ory decisions, it would be as well to look out the n.ea^ing of
the word Poetry m our dictionaries, and ask whether these
rejected poets fulfil tho requirements of the word. For one
thing Poetry is Song, and it is song expressed in words that
hold the oar and the h.art and stir the pulses. It seen.s to us
that Scott does all this and more Tho man who ,an read
some of tho Introductions in T/. 1,,,,, and tho Battle in
Mar„„on, to go no further, and can find no poetry in the,„
must not only be difficult to pleaso but son.ewhat perverse in

Milto.fT"" n- '• '' "' ^'■'"' '^"' '^«°" '^""^ ""^ rank with
Milton in sublimity, .,r with Coleridge in profundity, or with

Spenser in elevation of thought, or with Shakesp.-are and

^haucer m strength, there is yet a large ai^a in the realm of

poetry, outside these limits, and Scott may fairly claim a place

It was from the old Ballads that Scott received his poetic-U
inspiration and impulse ; an.I it will iciuire a now definition of

254

NOTRS.

poetry before we can acquiesce in the haninhmnnt of those
glorious old compositions from tliat realm. Wi.'ll, wo do not
hesitate to declare that some of the ballads of Walter Scott
will bear comparison with the very best of those which he so
lovingly collected in his Bonier MiimtrdMy. Tliey are full of
life, action, passion, and all those elements that go to form a
great ballad. If, however, we must refuse to claim the highest
place for Scott as a poot, we have no hesitation in putting him
at the head of all the novelists, and in doing so wo are not
forgetful that in certain qualities he has his superiors. For
example, as a Ittferatmr, or in simpler words as a writer of
English, we should place Fielding or Thackeray before him.
But, taking into consideration all the qualities which consti-
tute a living, attractive, permanently interesting story-telh-r,
he is at the head o{ them all.

Scott's chief interest lay in the past history of his people,
and more particularly the Borderers, to whom his ancestors
belonged. One might almost say that his idoul of human social
life was the feudal system. It ran in his very bluod and it
expressed itself in all his literary work and, one might say, in
all his aims. Here lay the strength and the weakness of hi.-)
character. If ever it could be said of any one — that which U
true of almost every one — it could be said emphatically of
Scott : he had the defects of his qualities. His ambition was
to be a feudal lord. There was nothing mean, selfish, sordid
in this ambition : it was the aspiration of n, noble, generous
disposition, which showed the best side of the magnanimous
man of Aristotle. This is certainly the spirit that pervades all
the best of Walter Scott's work in fiction.

In the depicting of characters and individuals Scott is
scarcely inferior to Shakespeare. We know the prominent
persons in his novels as wo know intimate acquaintances. Mr.
Carlyle has some remarks about their being depicted from
Without inwards. If this means that we merely get to know n
number of things about them and not the men themselves, we
are sure that the criticism will not be sustained. We know the
men and the women in the unity of their lives and not at all
as parts of men and women connected in some accidental
manner. It is this which makes them seem to us as neighbours,
as friends, as persons who could by no means be taken for any
one else except themselves. We know their outward appear-

.Scon's Vl.MK IV LlTKIJATl'Ui:.

2nn

aiico cprtaiul3-, l.ut murh mom thnu tliis : wo soem to n-cogm'/o
tho very soiin.l of thoir voices an<l thoir inuunorof spwech ami
Inliavior.

There is one quality in Scott whicli must -ivo him a high
I'laeo among writers of historical roman.u'S. Wo refer to his
remarkable insight into the character of tho men whom ho
brings forward in his storios. It has been sai.l tliat ho tak.s
considerable liboities with history; and we imagine that nw.st
novelists have done tho same, nor are tlioy to bo blamed for
this. But he takes no liberties witli his dmmnHH jh,:->ou,i:
Tliero are few indeed of his judgments of historical characters
that will need to be revisod, f«w of his repn^sentations that will
require modification. Some time ago a memoir of .lohn f Jraham
of Clavorhouso was published, in which certain documents
previously unknown were brought to light. It was remarked
by a critic that several representations of Claverhouso would
have to Ih) mo<lifiod in consequence of these discoveries, but not
tho portrait painted by Scott. Tho explanation is simple.
Scott had done tho very thing which Carlylo has complained
of his not doing: ho had seized the inner nature and principle
of his hero and got to understand him as a living power, and
his view could not bo affected by small matters of detail.

Again and again this clearness of insight in Scott is brought
home to those of his readers who have an intimate aciuaintance
with the perio<l of his stories an<l the characters that are made
to appear in them. We doubt, for example, whether any
account in existence of James I. will give as true and as vivid
an idea of that monarch's personality as tho Forlii,,,'^ of Xl,,,/.
Kven when Scott has no great sympathy with his characters,
ho hardly ever misrejm^sents them. The Cromwell of Wood-
stock would have been far from satisfying tho admirers of the
groat Protector; yot even they could not deny that at least
one side of his life was fairly represented.
^ One complaint has been made— and this particularly by
Carlyle— that there was no mural purpose in Scott's writing,
such, for example, jis in Tioethe. Hero is a criticism on whic°h
many sentences might be expended. In the first place, it comes
into sharp collision with another school r.f critics who • U us
that tho introduction into works of fiction <.f a mf)ral purpose
is an interference with tho aims of art. Those critics are not
quite easy to please. Obviously both schools cannot possibly

2r,G

NOTKH,

•»G pleasod hy the same writer, h4» it nmy In- winor for tJio artiftt
to tuko hisuwti couraeand follow tho prum|>ting8 of Ijih own
gcniiiH.

Tho very oaiiio accusation which is brought ngainst Scott in
equally a|>ijllcnl»le to Shakeapearo, who set human life before
us in all its fornjs, in its strength and its weakness, in its
simplicity and complexity, in its good and its evil. It is
strange— almost amusing— to think that Willulm M^ixltr
should l)o thought to have a moral purjioso and Thr Jlnnf of
.VliUofhinn none. Tho truth is that tho beautiful simplicity
of Scott's nature almost forbade his looking to tho right hand
or to tho left when he was doing his best to 8«'t In-foro tin-
ri'ador the characters and events which formed tho subject of
liis writing. Moreover, there was in Scott, as in so many of
tho British poopio, a certain shyness on the subjoct of n;ligion
which forbade his making public his most intimate and sacred
convictions and experiences. If Scott had Iwen blamed for not
being a preacher, lie would i)robably liavo Ihjimi startled by
iKsing thought capable of assuming a role so serious and
responsible.

A curious blunder is committed by Carlylo in speaking of the
haste with which some of Scott's Iat»'r novels were produced.
Wanrlty and aomo of the greatest of his novels aro tlnjught
to have been produced carefully and delilmrately, and tho later
novels in great haste. As a simple mutter of fact this is a
mistake. Tljo last two volumes of Wnnrleit were written in
three weeks. Three of his greatest, Tim Auliqiim-y, The ninrk
fhmrf and Old Murfality appeared in one year. Nay, Carlj'lo
himself declares that rapidity of execution, after due energy
of preparation, is probably tho best way of production.
Whether Scott can be a^'tused of writing without preparation
can bo decided without much difficulty. Ho prol)ably did not
"cram" for his novels, as many writers have to do; and this was
no fault. But he wrote out of his abundance, out of tho almost
inexhaustible stores of a full mind— replenished by the reading,
the intercourse, tho meditation of many 3oar8. He was thirty-
four when Tht Lay oftht Last Min.it rd appeared ; that is, within
three years of the ago of Burns and Byron at the time of their
death. He bcjjan Wni<,hy in the same year (1805) and
finished it in 181 1, when he was forty-three years old. Scott
<ii<l sometimes write carelessly ; but it is probable that we gain

PoKTKY : What It Is and How to Stithy It. 257

ai much as wo loso by tho spontaneity of liis work ; and there
are few writors whom wo take to our hoarfc as wo take Scott.
No other writer has ever excited so much entlnisijisni by tho
publioutiou of his writings. None hua laid ho!»l on a laiyer
circle of admirers, and none seems nmro likely to rotatu liis
hold on the generatiuuM to c«>mo.

POETRY : WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT SHOULD
BE STUDIED.

BY TIIK

REV. A. H. IIEYNAR, M.A., LL.I>.,
Pro/fHHor in I'M or in Co/lrf/r, Toronto.

No exhaustive anolysis or exact dtfinition of Poetry will
be attempted here. The greatest critics ond philosophers have
attempted such definitions and onalyses, but their ottcmpts
still leave something to bo desired. Much truth they may
have brought to light, but perhaps no one of tliem will say,
and certainly no one else will allow, that they have given us
the truth, the whole truth and nothing but tho truth as to the
nature of poetry. For tho purposes of school study wo may
gain more by grasping at less. It should be our aim to roach
some clear ideas and assured ci nvictionaon tho great essentials
of poetry from wljich to secure pleasure and profit in tho work
assigned and lay a foundation for further study in tho years to
come.

The word Poet contains an important clue to the meaning of
Pf)etry. It is from a Greek word and means simjily a Mnker.
Indeed for a long time our English ancestors used tho word
Maker and not the word I'oet.

Now all Makers suppose two things, first a stuff of some
kind in which they work, and secondly a design or aim to bo
secured by tho work. A carpenter has tho wood for his stuff
and tho making of a box or a ladder for his design or aim. In
like manner a mason or builder works in stono and lias for his
aim the making of a bridge, a wall, or a house. But another
17

2SH

NOTKH.

worker in wimwI cnrvcn tho wcmxI into tho )>«aatiful formii of
louveH and floworn an<l fruits, ami anoUier w»>rk«'r in stone
makex a Htatuo. It niuy bu of Honiu gn^at diameter in history,
and tho nmrblu imago Hooms to U^ fiUo<l witli tho lifo ami spirit
of tho groat num. Or it may bo that tlio sciilpt«»r nhupes an
Ai>ollo or a Tonus, not as tho exact imago of any ono that ever
lived, but as the typo of |Hjrfcct form oud beauty. Thoro is a
great difference botwuon tho W(»rk of the carpenter and ma^on
on the one hand and that uf the wood-carvur and sculptor on
tho other. Tho dilTerunco lion in tho aim or doi^ign of the
work. The carj)ent«>r and maHon aim at the making of som*-
thing useful, but tho woo«l-carver and sculptor aim at tho
making of something l»eautiful. Thiis wo seo that makers are
of two great clanses — artisans and artists— tho first cln -is lieing
workers in tho mechanical and useful arts and the second Ituing
workers in the fine arts. Of artisans tht'n* are a great many
kinds: carpenters, smiths, moulders, stonocuttors, etc., etc. ;
but of artists there are but few comiiionly recognized kinds,
viz., painters, sculptors, musicians and poets.

There are, however, many workers whoso pr<Kiuctions
involve l)oth useful and fine or beautiful art. Amongst these
the first place may l;o given U) architects, for they are mak«>r9
of what is at once most useful and most iHiautiful. A noblo
building not only gives shelter to those who dwell in it, but it
gives delight by tho grace an<l gramhmr of its forms an<l
proportions. This fine-art element in arcliiti>efcure has led t«i
its being called /wif/i rnimc. The true feeling of fine minds,
cultivated or uncultivated, responds to the artistic appeal of
architecture, so that a well-built church should by its pro-
portions and arrangement awaken in us the same sidoiiin and
tender feeling that is stirred by sacred music. Besides archi-
tecture there are many other mixed arts, or arts in which there
is a blending of the useful and tho beautiful; asse«;n in j.ottery,
porcelain, glass, cutlery, jewellery, house-furnishing and
decoration.

From this broad view of the many classes of workers or
makers wo see the place held by the poets. They aro in tho
group of artists or workers in the fine arts, and their s|H)cia!
aim is not to help their follows in material thin-;-!, but to help
them in the exercise and enjoyment of tljeir finer intellectual
and spiritual powers.

PoKTRV: What Tt U avi, How to Hrvuy Ft. 259

They do not appeal to the whole of that higl,«r natu«Tv
which man i, rav^ above the bruto. The hun.au .pi itjike

and hght and war„.th, so do our »ouU pine without the True

of tn^rr '.*;:'''"''""*■ W«»>-— rdinglythr«oord^«
of naoMtorH m tho Hc,rvico of our higher life : fi„t the .cienti.t-
who dHcuver and «up,>ly the Truth, «,oondly theartint. who

h^sh a ;r'T ''•' ^*"'''"^' ''"•' ^^''^'^ *^« "-->»t« ^ho
chonah and develop our sense of the OwkI

Liko the servant, i,. a great houne tho morali.ts, the scientist,
and the artist, may sometimes \h> on bad term, with each other^
but m the main they work together f<.r the same great end
and each one .loos best with the help of th« oth.-r:.

Tho work of tho artlHts, or those who minister to u. in the
Beautxful .H not a more pleasing and soothing of our senl

hthe?t Hf T' '' " "'""^'•''^* "^'^ stimulating t<, o^
highest life and powers. True art, and especially truu poetry

W?tho.tt H ''•' •'" '"'^'' ""' ^""'-^ ^"'"' "' •»» knowkC"
W hout the inspiration it imparts a mas. of learning mafbe

little better than a b<«ly without a soul * ^

Looking again at the work of the artists wo find that in each

Zr Thi?n ^^ 'r'\" ""'''' ''-' «' ^" - '»-•'"»
Zorof th« P""""^^^'"^'^•"» ^'"^g^*. or in other word, the
power of the ima^Mnat.on, must be possessed in a .uperior
degree before a man can bo an artist. The sculptor for n-
«tance, imagines what a Hnrcules would be liko, and then from

pattern in h.. mind 80 in like manner the beautiful pictur^
» first seen w.th tho inward eye and the ravishing music"
first heard w.th the inward ear of the artist. The p^t bHhe
same image-making power, creates the scenes and e" it'^nd
characters that ho afterwards descril^e. or puts into wo^l A

Infst-: wtr^^"^"^'^"^ ^^ "^^^ '''' fountain-headof all true
But the imagination is not always fine and true ; it i. wme-

Of bad living Ihe true imagination is chastened by know-
ledge and judgment and keeps close to ^alities; the fa,I

260

NOTKM.

imuginution in igiiurant and waywnnl an<l rugnrrlloMM of r«ali-
tiuM. A true artirtt will Httuiy thu exact pmiHtrtioiix ami foriiis
of the liuinau iMxly, and \ty n oompariHon of ninny <*f tlio lN<Rt
oxaniploH ho will reach thu iiluul funii Hiich an we have it in
(imek Htatuary. <)th«<r artMbn are not uantfitl ii)H(>rv>'rii of the
truth of thin];'*. They ore curru'tl u»ay by mere fancier or
wild imaginiitionrt, and tho result i* the (;rotu<>quM and nion-
utrouM forms nuch a* we often ftnd in the statuary of India and
Africa. Even no the ima|;:i nation forma idoalit of human life
and character. Tho hi<;h and true ccuiccption of 1 ifo i* niarke^l hy
"nwi'etneHHand li;;ht," liy ••milf-roven'nro, wlf-knowlcdge.wdf-
controP* y but a faNe and ignorant imagination ho chun<;uH tho
fair proportions of humanity that wisdom may 1k> dcgradod into
cunning, and strength into coar^^enoss, and gi'ucrous lovo into
selfish lust. What wondi-r that the lives shapiMl after theno dtf-
fonuit ideals should dilTor us Mercury and Minerva from
Moloch and Buliul !

So far we have considered only tho firnt {»reat requisite or
quality of an arti:4t, viis., liin su|K)rior povvurof imagination.
The second groat riMiuinito in the skill to shape some materia!
thing after the model that U in hi^ mind. What the marblo
is to the sculptor and coNmrs to tho paintor and moliHly
and harmony to the musician, that language is te asked how then d<>os the poet differ from
tho pro86-writt)r, tho answer is that tho dilTerenco is twofold.
In tho first place tho poet dilTors from the pr«)f»o-writ4'r
as tho sculptor differs from the buiMer. To tho prose-
writer language is tho material out of which he con-
structs, as in description, history, argument, science, etc.,
but to the poet language is the material out of which he
croatos the bo<ly to bo informed by his ideas of boauty and
perfectij)n. In the second place the poet differs from the
prose-writer by his u-se of a peculiar form of language — the
metrical form. Those two things must go together in true
poetry, OS a human l)ody and a human soul must go together
in a true man. Attempts have b««on made to find tho whole
explanation ol poetry in tho peculiar spirit and aim of the poet,
but tho world in general and the learned also still hold, with
practical unanimity, that the form as well as the spirit and aim
inessential to poetry. Perhaps the dispute is quite as much
about words as about things. For there are proso writings so

PoKTUv : What It I« am> JIuw to Kti dy It. Ml

full of lofty un.l iM.uutiful MoaU. an.l m grnc-fiil nii.| «tronff in
o«|.r.>*«i.m, timt wo call thntii highly |HKJtlcal uii.t would ovon
liko to call tlasm poot ry. On the otli.T hand th.-ro ara metrical
o.Mn|K)Hitlotm with m. littloof tlif |H,etlo uplrit that w« muHt
cull th.-m pr..^y, but wo may n.f ,,ail thorn pron,, without
violntinj( tlio common use of wonls.

From what hu'* Uvn mi id of tho nature of r>«»orry, it may Ikj
inferred that p«HUry treats of all sul.jectn that ftp|K»al to the
imiiyinatiou and awak.n lU-uU. Th« nulm of jKH-try .•xtends
over Iwth nature nud human natun-. Of coirs- no one poot
o;m Iw ex|M<fte<I to explore tho w!i lo domain and pn-wnt it iu
liinart. Not oven the myriiid n.in j.wt SiiukuMiM'am «-an do this.
The realm of »,.auty, like tim reMl.u .,f T.uih, in practically
iuEuita. And it is enough foreaoh ^iftod «oul to .s„curo»omo
portion of the trutli or to cotch nom., phu-.-s of the ••vision
^|'l.udid"and impart them to mankind. Nor dors it Ioss..n
our d.liyht ami profit to know that when a thousand gen-
orations have pass^Hl away tlioro will iitill 1.., new truth and
new lioauty for all the coming ages.

The right m.-tho.l ..f studying j.oetry will follow naturally on
a right und.iHtanding oj the n ituro of pm-try. If the gn-at
aim of the jMHjt is to presi-nt in a worthy form the perfect
and lK,autiful ideals of things, the gn-at aim of the student
should he to 80O and feel the In-auty and |K3rfection of the Meals
presented. A study of poetry stopping short .if this would bo as
im|>erfe<t as a study of architecture ending with an examination
of the stone used in the building, or a study of painting limited
to tho canvas ond pigments. It is of course necessary in the
first place to master tho poet's language so as to got at his
moaning, but the great thing is to entt/ into his feeling. Says
John Ruskiu : " Having then faithfully listene.! to the groat
teachers that you may enter into their thoughts, you hove yet
this higher advance to make -you have to enter into their
hearts. As you go to thein first for clear sight, so you must
stay with them that y,>u may share at lust their just and
mighty i.assion." And Mr. Arnold expresses this same truth
in tho following words:-" If ho (the poet) is a real classic

then the };re.'tt thin" f

as deeply as over wo can
this is what is formative,
from the study of Poetry."

or us IS fj) feel

njoy

. . . . This is what is salutary,
this is tho great lienefit to bo got

9 4

262

Notes.

It is much to be desired that wo follow this method of study
in our schools, for too often the method followed has been of a
very different kind. All the grammatical, etymological, his-
torical and biographical annotations and dissertations, apart
from this entering into the poet's exalted feeling, is as the mere
chaff to the grain. The surfeit of philological lore must
oppress some of the best minds with weariness and disgust,
though it may inflate some of the second-best minds with self-
conceit.

Again, in the study of poetry, it is important that thn
student's attention should be directed to such poems as come
naturally within the range of his understanding and sym-
pathy. At twelve or fifteen years of age we cannot be ex-
pected to understand and enjoy poetry that requires maturity
of thought and strength of mind. But with the growing years
and the experience of life wo often find a light and sweetness
in the very poems that to our youth were " weary, stale,
flat, and unprofitable."

The poems of Sir Walter Scott have this peculiarity, that
they delight us in our youth as in our age. The reason is that
they deal with subjects that never weary whilst we have
minds to think and hearts to feel. The beauty and s iblimity
of nature, the energy and movement of life, the courage and
strength of men, the purity and grace of women, the love of
countr;.' and the love of home, the hato of hate and scorn of
scorn and love of love, — all the great elemental passions are
presented in Scott in a vigorous and healthy way, charming
both young and old like the (luickening breath of the heather
and the bracing freshness of the salt sea air. A taste for Scott's
poems comes natural and easy to a licalthy young mind, and
it is wfll to cultivate that taste in our young Canadians.
Scoti's work will be to them a joy forever. It will lead them
to wholesome literary diet on hight- planes, and help to turn
them from the morbid end the mawkish too often printed in
our day to suit the cravings of unhealthy minds.

(JUI-STIONS AND EXIiKCISES.

that their i.nag.nutxon consists, net in a voluntary Vr.dctl.i
^L^tZyT^'"'' ^"' ^" involuntary ren.on.branco, Ixac ?v
RuskII! '""^ ' °^ son.uthing thoy ha.l actuuli; s.^Jn/'-

fa) Make a list of ten > "isivoH from Th^^ /<..< fi. .«. ■ i

seom to support Buskin's .. ,inio^ M?koiln ?ilr ^
passaj^os that seon, to he rially .s«/,>l,/,v';:tL^- t " n ji V ll
'?^iT,?''^'"^"'''"'''""«t''ouhol.corrc.cti' B^inZlSot^^^^^
of Scott's poems you have read. ^

3. "A romantic ju.em is sustained l.y .xaff'^-rntion a.,.i
unreality m the won! -pictures, in the charLters^fn ho use o
tlie marvellous and the supornatural."

Street examples from the poom to prove this statement.
1 " Romance idonlizcs the cliaractc rs. passes over the mm
nonplaceso hIV, redeems its miseries, n!etes o 1« ic u^'
tice, and n.akes love triumphant over all .imicultie.s." ^
Quote passages from T/,r Lav to sustain eioh ,A fi,„ r

5 Write a note on Scott's use of poetic epithets.

«i The extreme facility of the tetran.oter cuph-t is

apt to prove a snare to the cmposer l.y ene,.,.r S./hi,.' in

the habit of slovenly composition/'-Scorr. ° ° '"'" *"

Arrange a series of examples from The L„„ to exhil.it tim

strength and the weaki.e.ss of teTrameter verse

7. Describe the vari(Mis devices by %vhich Scottrelieves " tlm
inhere-t monotony " of ti,e tetrameter couph t. "'^*^"^^^' *''°

ele^n'rl^?!!''^'''''' •^'' ^H*"''^ ^^"«' '" C^"*^' ^T. so as to brin- out
clearly their points of resemblance and difb renoe in rejranl ^
subject, stylo and versification. '■cj,ar<i to

0. Seloct five typical examples of the "dramatic interfer
ence of the narrator ' in the course .,f the poen. '"^•''^^"r-

iH.Ilc." ■^'''"* *""' ^'"^ 'I'amatic elen.ents in the ballad ..I " Rosa-

iJ03

2G4

(^Ul-MTIONS AND ExKKCISBS.

11. Divide that ballad into its constituent sections, give an
appropriate title for each aection, and in fewest words give the
substance of each division.

12. According to Ociethe, th« facts of dramatic poetry
should be significant and load on to something beyond them-
selves.

Apply this canon to (a) Deloraine's midnight ride to Mei-
roRo, (b) Tht( miseries of the agod Minstrel, (c) Lord Cran-
stouu's first meeting with the dwarf page.

IB. It has been held tliat Scott's portraits are somewhat
vague and lacking in clear definition.

Enumerate five prominent personages described in The
Lay, and givo quotations to prove or disprove the preceding pro-
position.

It. Identify the picture— a liver winding with silver tide
between banks covered with wildwood and past hill and valley,
(^uote the lined.

15. Examine The Lay with regard to the description of ac-
tion. Mention palmary examples of such description and give
some of the finest lines.

10. Make a detaile<l list of tlie chief characters introduced
ill The Lay ; arrange them as principal and subordinate, and
tell concisely who and what each personage is and does.

17. The Lay is believed to contain epic as well as dramatic
and lyric elements.

Point out some of the epic elements in the poem.

18. Compare tlie ballad sung by Albert finu.ne with the ballad
of Lord Burleigh in the High School Reader. Arrange the
details so as to briii^j out in tabular form the main differences
between the Old English Ballad and the Modern Ballad.

19 Set down in order of merit the chief excellencies of the
poem as they have revealed themselves in your own experience.

20. Mr. Ruskin maintains that Scott's deocriptions of scen-
ery show a keen perception and memory of cdor, but th-Atfurm

in his landscapes is not so well defined.

•

Select a passage in which natural scenery is portrayed,
and show to what extent it supports Ruskin's dictum.

21. " There is nothing that exists, exceptthings ignoble and
moan, in which the poet may not find himself at home — in the
open sights of nature, in the occult secrets of seionce, in the
' qtiicquid agunt homines,' in men's character and fortunes, in
their actions and sufFcrin^s, their joys and sorrows, their past
history, their present experience, their future destiny."—
SuAiKr.

QUKW'IIONS AND KXKIMISKS. 2G5

poet's pocuhar domain," Beuuty. veai lo mm the

22. "Scott was tho teniporarv comfortiT nf ft T.„ti,^- •
lar age, at once destit.itu of faith a tluim^/t *?.•'• °"*
an age with little kuowle.lge of it, Xre^^Jur^^^fh'?!^'*^'''"'
rows to bear or front. and%„ the wS S a ife Z^.^'
these new circu.n8tances."-CAHLVLfi ^"^ » ^'^e to lead m

faith," "scepticism." " kuowled-.-

sorrows," and

■3

new

ply the d.ictrm,. «1 the «ec„nd sentence to tl.o t,.xt „f m,' / '^"
rrom pag„9« t„p,.g„ ,», i„„|,„ive, .nj » « L, io^ ,her W?'

,ttd''t^Tu;i;.^;;eir;^"*""°- "" "- f^^^cS
inttor^t;.r.1nttSt:°:;y"Vr ,Tr

language of the poem."-AKNoi,D/ ^' ' ^ •"' '"''*''^ *"**

speciai^x;;'.erto"rirr*" p ^''"^'^^ ^""■■-. -'•*»>

IlapScf.tt identified himself with his Minsfcrol? Di^P,,,-

*utr;r;'rtro'.ir" ""•"° ■-- "- ^'-."".^tr:'
prf ."«;^tr :sr £v;X?rr^^^^^^^^^

266

QUK8TION8 AND ExBKCISES.

From Tft«/iay9upplyoxamplesfifSoott'simaginative, nar-
rative and pictorial powers. Mentiun soino limitations that
beloMg to eaoh, and cite examples to illustrate your uieuuiug.
Correct the quotation by inserting other names.

28. " Adversity is sometimes linrd upon a man ; but for «jnp
man who oan stand prosperity, thore aro a hundred that will
stand adversity." — Caklyi^.

Give in brief form a statement of Scott's prosperity and
adversity, and show how these were related to his literary
labors.

29. In tabular form, enllect all the metres found in Thu Lay.
Arrange them according to the prevailing foot and tho length
of the line.

80. *' Just as the weaver uses as hisrnw material that which
is the finished product of the spinner, so Shakespeare and hi-«
contemporaries start in their art of dramatising from Su^rv.
which is already a form of art."— Moulton.

Eefer particularly to Scott's works and draw a parallel
comparison.

81. *' No other writer of such power as Scott lias furnished
fewer quotations : he does not bring his idea to a ccmsummate
expression such as incorporates itself within the memory."

Apply this dictum to The Lay, and prepare a list of lines
and passages that you consider worthy of l)eing memorized,
and in each case assign a reason for your preference. Point
out fine passages that are less suitable for committing to mem-
ory, and give your reasons.

32. Write a note on the hi8tr)rical accuracy of The. Lay and
point out any variations from striet history.

83 " There are certain main lyrical themes, corresponding
to the passions and emotions which exercise the most agitating
sway over the human heart. These are Devotion, i^oyalty.
Patriotism, Love, Revelry and War."— Aknold.

Select passages from The Lay and from Scott's other
works as samples of lyrics under each of these heads. If possi-
ble, name two or three examples under each theme.

84. "The proper theme for a poem will therefore be some-
thing which has in itself some intrinsic emotional ofTcct : — a
touching story or situation in human life ; a beautiful external
object or scene ; a feeling or emotional mood ; an object of
thought which has emotional associations." — Prof. Alexandek.

Mention some of the emotional effects excited by Tht
Lay, referring definitely to the passages. From the poem col-
lect examples of the themes mentioned in tho quotation.

Questions and Exkbcisks.

85.

267

structi

U^ f K^^' •"."4" J '''^ 'o'e** bare ;
Is It the wind that moaneth bleak ?

Tomnv' '*°' '''"u^ «"""?»' i« the air
To move away the ringTet curl
From the lovely lady's cheek-
1 here is not wind enough to twirl
The one red leaf the last of its clan,
J hat dances as often as dance it can
On T".^ "« «Sht. «*nd hanging so "^h
On the topmost twig that l5okf up at^tl.'o sky.

Xa„ M '^*'°? Z'®*'"* o' Christabel !
S ^^^Ti '^•^'d her well !
She folded her arms beneath her clonk
And stole to the other side of the oak '
What sees she there?"

-~^tliTl^'''^:C^^^^^^ '^^^ exhibit its

•nark the varies rhvmJoT' '^'""^^ ^^^ rhyme-scheme and
ters or %ureL? Wh^aToo^^ metre scale by means of le^

Quote thf passage thaJ mn«T '°", ^"^ ^^'^ P'«<^ ^^^^ '^ Lay}
and incident! ^ "°'' "^^^^^^ resembles this in rhythm

anTchi^flncSTeJtsTcSto Vv "'l"*^*^^ P*^"* *h« »«««"
the epilogue the lUt nf w? u ^^"^ upon the proloeue

.SeneichJ the CO fduct^fthe' J'n^T' *^" P"^*'*''* "' ^^^ ^^a^
account of his preceoLr PvV^^^^^^ *»^'* *he Harper^

the principle of s'u^pTnCin thfs'^iant^'^'^^ *'' applicatio? of

PoernZTa\t^olZT^Z'\iy^^^^^ Ladye "throughout the
iu the poem. '^® consistency of this personage

to'l^d s?mp"i:!?;rd:lltet"i '^'-^i--^^ «*-cture is
8ion, to assist the memorv S ^ "'"^V** ^''^''^ of expres-
agroeable surprise ^' "'^ occasionally to give a sho^k of

exampferorl?a^XVoLi^trjrnT"°"^ ^^ ™'-^^

compantn'^Jifnt'^irthre: uferT'TT '''J^ * «^^-«-

Itudosin The i^ayVlS J S,f°^ *'''■«« .%'^~tive sim-

blance. ^ *^'* distinctly the points of resem-

to suit^l'o mel^'a^fo L'r^ °^ ^'^''^ i"^«"ion used (a)
Phasis. (c) to^ec^^SveU^of Lt.^'°P"' ^"'"bu^o^ of em-
commonplace of prose. ^hatar^X'''' *"^ thus avoid the
order of words ? Point out pv„,^^ H ^^^"^^ "^ **>« inverted
resulting from hyPZn ^^^'"P'«« «' obscurity or ambiguity

268

QUKSTIONS AM) K.\KI{('IS^M.

41. Oivo the meuning and hi>«t<iry r>f tlii« followiiig tornm: —
almngest, bower, cresset, flight, ulmriiiiu'. flfni«'ns-firth. gal-
liard, heriot, inch, jack, kirtle, lyke-wakc, ininivir. iif<;k-vers»e,
owcheH, panoply, qiiatre-fcuille, rnundelny. swith, throstle,
uni'ath, vilde. warrison, withal, yore. Quote a lino in which
each 'vord is used.

42. Comparo the portrait given en page 53, lin^s Cy-2^, with
that presented on page 74, lines 18-80. State your preference
and assign your reasons.

•13. Compare the passage given on pngo 89, lino 10, to page
10, lino 8, with that found on pp. 117, lis, and 119 down to line
19. Point out the resent hlances and the difTerences, item by
it<im. Place your answer in parallel columns and use fewest
words.

41. Make a list of passages that descri')e still-lifo as con-
trusted with action. Use suitaMe headiug!< to classify your
selections, such as nature, lower animals, human beings, i)ro-
ducts of human labor and skill.

45. " Hearken, Ladye, t« the tale.

How thy sires won fair Eskflale.'" —

Recount this episode in j'our own wonls. Wliat connec-
tion has it wiih the main theme?

4fi. Distinguish metaplior, personal metaphor, i>ersonifica-
tion, and apostrophe. Supply five clear examples of each from
The Lay.

47. Write a critical note on the description given on page
22, lines 10-31. Point out the order of the delineation, the
chief objects, the associated ideas, the contrasts, the leading
fi-j;ures of speech, the motions, sounds, colors, light and shade.
Account for the fact in lines 2(i and 27 ; refer Ui another pas-
sage of the poem for a parallel case in Scott's characterization
of the Ladye.

48. " The second pointi have to note is Scott's habit of draw-
ing a slight moral from every scene, and tliat this slight
moral is almost always melancholy."— RusKix, Mwlmi Puivi-
rrs, iii.

Refer to any passages, lines or phrases in The Lay that
seem to support this opinion. Compare the openin^r lines of
Canto IV. with the introductory stanzas of Thj-. Lady of the
Jjake, Canto III.

49. Compare the ballad of " Rosabelle" with Wordsworth's
" Lucy Gray." Set down as many pointsof agreement and resem-
blance as you can. Opposite these place the points of difference
and dissimilarity. Discuss in this way the form, the matter, the
pathos, the choice of words, the rhythm, the motive, and the
conclusion of these ballads.

EXAMIVVTK.V Qui.aHTH»VM.

L'r.9

W. K. T. SMKLfJK, n.A.,
Priiirijfi/ (,/ n,M,ronlu Jll,,h Schwti.

1. What niirixiso in rplufion tn fi./. ,..i i

2. ('» ) " Ami lan-ls un.l liviri- many a r.M„|,

Had giltod for thoir soul's ioj.os..."
( '' ) '• Ho nov.;r counted him a man

UouM atnko Ih31ow tho kiiue."
( '• .) " On Penchryst glows a balo .>f fin."'

' '/J " The frighteno.1 flocks and h.-rds won, ...-nt
Beneath tho pod's rudo hattlumont."

( ) '• There many a youthful Kni-ht, full keen
Jo gain his spurs, in arms was wun ;
With favor ill his crest, or gh)vc,
Memorial of his ladyo-love."

^J''> ■'^^>"' P'lrsuivant-at-arms shall show

lioth why wecomo, and uhi-n u.-go."

r.'/ ) "Already on dark Kiilxisjiiu-

1 lie Dou-las holds his ueapon-sohaw."
^^ mat^aiu^ient custom is referred to in eaeh ..f the al.ve

3. Explain the reforoneo in the foliowin--

^"' ,p . ^ "his Cross of Red

triumphant Michael brandished."'

I /' ) " While l.roko at times tho solemn hum,
liio Almayn's sullen kettledrum."

( '• ) " The Bloody Heart blazed in the van."

( '/ ) " Since old Bucclnuch tho name did -nin

When in tho cleucli the buck was Ui'en!"

Meanw-hile full many a warlike band,
From Teviot, A ill. and Ettn.^k shade
l^amo in, their chief's defence to aid.

270 EXAMINATIOX QUIWTION8.

There was Baddlinff and mounting in ItaRte,
There was prioking o*er moor and lea ;

He that was last at ttie trystiug placo
Was but lightly held of his gaye ladye."

(a) Why does the poet introduco the quick rhythmical
movement in the last four lines ?

( 6 ) Mention similar inst;.<,nces in other poems.

6. "Some bards have sung the Tiadye hij?h

Ohapel or alcar came not nigh ;
Nor durst the rights of spousal grace
So much she fear'd each holy place.
False slanders these :— I trust right well
She wrought not by forbidden spell/'

(a) Why should the Ladye be thus afraid ?

(b) Write a note on the ancient belief regarding the com-
parative culpability of " white magic" and " black magic."

6. What is the artistic effect of introducing the religious
service and Hymn for the Dead at the close of the poem ?

7. In what state of societv would bards such as the Last
Minstrel be important and honored personages ? What class
of literary men are their modern representatives ?

Bead Crockett's ••Black Douglas" and ''The Gray Man,"
for a picture of the power and lawlessness of the Bonier
chieftains.

II.

BY MISS OERTBITDE LAWLER, M.A.,
Harbord Street Collegiate Jnntlttite, Toronto.

1. From a consideration of the following, show that the
poem possesses unity : —

(a) The stage for the story;

( b ) The century of its occurrence ;

( c ) The exquisite setting of each canto ;

(rfj The subdivision into cantos;

{ e ) The romance that makes the narratix e ;

(/) The stirring and varied descriptions ;

ig) The "light- horseman sort of stanza."

KXAMIKATION QUKHTIOMJI.

271

.70 Tho^tory bristle, with prup.r nau.e, of ,„inor import-

loUo^n^fJ'""' *^° P"*"" °«« "Sn'^1 "xan„.le of e«,h of the
( « ) daimtloAs hrnvorj ;
I '') loveof country ;
( '• ) legnndarj' lore ;
C'') lovo of chivalry ;
('') gaiety;

(/) sacrerlnesB of hospitality;
(y) '■•''■tility of invention;
(A) richness of fancy;
( graphic scenic description ;
(J) fascination of narrative ;
( k ) tenderness of feeling ;
(O healthy moral tone.

mo,t„„imate,l? "'' «•'"<• do you think Uio Min.t™l

7. "Lost! lost ! lost!"
thJ^riU!;:'"''"""^''^ *•*«'" -^^^ «-'» t.n.e they are nsed in

AS.e?T^u^^ •rr^.r^"- - *'- .^Hoir of Melrose
moonlight." ^ "'^ i-aginary visit -by the pale

»• Depict the cowhat of M.isgrave and Cranstoun.
10. ' ' A nd, Warrior, I could sav t«, thee

Ihe words that cl.ft Eildoo hills in three."
1 ell what y. u imu-ino those «ords wr>re.

^ ^ " m '*''^'' pair were Tiever seen

To meet beneath that hauth.,m -reen "
Write a pen-portrait of the pair

272

Examination Qukmtions.

12. DiHtinguUh lymc-dug, bun-dog, blood-hound; and Htced,
oouner, jenuet.

18. Tell the niolurn prose «<»nl for fa«!ji <»f thi'so : np<Ml-firo,
toil-drop«, grainarye, litherlio.

14. Which of the lyrics of Cntito VI. i|i> you >nsi(]t>r must
imaKinative? Which niont niui«icul?

III.

BY W. BRIDKX, B.A.,
Princiftal Jmjtrno/l C()//fi/i(ttn InMitult.

1. Write an epitome of Canto T. showing what this canto
contributed to tlie development of the ntory.

2. Def'cribe William of Doloraine'n ride t« Melrose, intro-
ducing apt (iiiotatious, if possible.

8. i. Give the connection of each of the following paHsn^en.

ii. Write explanatory- not<(j» on tht> itsilirisod words in
each.

( « ) Ijntter nor lino l»no>v I nevor a one,
Wor't my yrrk-nrMfi at, llniriliif.

(/») But no kind influence, dflijn they shower
Cii Teviot's titfr. and Branksomo's tower,
77// jiriilt Ite qiitlhd^ and lorv. fmfrte.

( *• ) A ntnrk moM'<-(roo;iiHff Scott was he,
As e'er roncfiHl Utnx't by knee.

(fit) ttreot the F'lfhtr well from me;

Say that fhf J'atnl hour lias come.

( I' ) No living inijhf, save the Ladye alone,
llwl darnl to cross tho threshold stone.

(/) And soon the. sfiep descent he past,

Soon crossed the noundiny harhicnn.

( y ) Merry eJirs their moi-rtH pacing
To (t'rial miiii^r(J'<y.

(/t ) Cliffs which, for many a later year,
The trarUinff Doric reed shall hear,
When some xnd Mintin shsvll tench the ijroi-' ,
Ambition m no curej'or fore !

KXAMINATION (^ItKMTIOMH.

•-'7.i

4. i. Kxplain the fcillowing : " a ricrk of fnmo," " tho art
that none mav natnu/* " Ht. Aiidritw'it
chtUter'd hall/ "Tho viewluMit fnrniH of
air," " secret Ijower," "chofo* ugaiuHt th«
•Ottor'a red aide." (Heo pages 19, 2u.;

ii. point out any ipecial poetic qualitio* in lin<'» H-l«{,
page 20, and uxplain in dutail to what thuy aru
owing.

iii. What emotional (>fTert do those stanxan priNlune in thu
reader? Kxplain tho artistic purixtau *>f the
author.

IV.

UNIVERSITY OP TORONTO.

Junior MalricidatioH, J>i/i/, JSS!t.

Examiner.— D. R. Keys. M.A.

Breathes there tho mnn, with soul !«odead,
Who never to himself hath naid,

ThiH is my own, my native land ?
Whose heart hath ue*er within him Imrncd,
As home his footsteps ho hath turn«>d,

Prom wandering on a foreign strand ?
If such there breathe, go, mark him well ;
For him no minstrel raptures swell ;
High tlinngh his titles, proud his naino,
Boundless nis wealth as wish can claim, —
Despite those titles, power and polf.
The wretch, concentred all in self,
Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
And doubly dying, shall go down
To the vile dust from whence ho sprunjr,
Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.

O Caledonia ! stern and wild,

Meet nurse for a poetic child !

Land of brown heath and shaggy wocxl ,

Land of the mountain and the flood,

Land of my sires! what mortal hand

Can e'er untie the filial band,

That knits me to thy rugged strand !

Still, as I view each wnll-known sneno.

Think what is now, and what hath iM'en,

Seems as, to me, of all bereft.

Sole friends thy woods and streams were left ;

MtCROCOTY RBOIUTION TB7 CHART

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S^r*^ (653 East Main Street

KA Rochester, Nev- York 14609 USA

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^B (716) 286 - S989 - Fox

274

Exam iVATiov Qi;ksti«»ns.

AikI tliiis I lovo tliein hotter still,
Even h. extremity of ill.
By Yarrow's stroams still let ine straj-.
Though none should guide my fef>lilo way ;
Still feel the breeze down Ettrick break,
Although it chill my withered cheek ;
Still lay my head by Teviot-stone,
Thouijh there forgotten and alone,
The Bard may draw hh parting groan.

1. («"! To wljat causes is the popularity of the above

due?

(h ) State the subject of each of those stanzas, an<l show
how they are connected with each other and
with the general plan of the poem.

(<•) Explain the various reasons for preferring the poet's
word to that with which it is coupled in
the following cases: — hrtnlhit and linx ;
hath and hn-^ ; muf and tit ; kiiit.i and /*///«/•«( ;
jHirfhiij and 'li/iiiif.

(il) By what rhetorical means lias the author heightened
the effect of the lines "() (Caledonia, etc.
. . . rugged strand ? "

{p) Explain the passages : —

" Living shall forfeit, etc. . . . dying,"
and "Seems as, to mo. etc. . . . were
left."

(/) What words seem to bo used owing to the exigencies
of the rime?

(</) Derive jieff, mhistr<I,sttni, chi/tl, -<//>. s.

( A ) In what part of Scotland are Yarrow, Ettrick and
Teviot? What special interest has each
for the student of poetical literature?

2. To what class of poetry does Thn Lni/ hehmg? Tlow does
it gain by the Minstrel telling it instead of Scott himsell ?

8. What part in the story is played by the fJoblin Page ?

4. Show how the poem reflects its author's character.

T). Explain the following passages : —

( n ) Our slogan is their lyke-wake dirge.

{ h ) Mo lists not at this tide declare.

( (•) A Merlin sat upon her wrist,
Held by a leash of silken twist.

Kx.VMIVATIOV QlKSTioNs.

.'75

(d) B„th Scots and Southern cl.iefs prol..,,..
Applauses of Fitxtruver's song ; ^ "^
J Jieso hated Ifeury's „amo as death
And those still held, tho ancient ?uit'h.

(e) The standors-by might hear uneath
Footstep, or voice, or high-drawn Woath.

soSpttn:^^5<;,^^^J,-^-- than one, of th. fo..o..,-„, ,,.
Wizard's Orave? ^^"''"^^'' •^'^'''•"«- Al.l.ey, The (.pening of the

-thissui,..twiurSJ;I;jrtr^:.;:Sr- ''•-^— --

picture of feudalism ? ' '"'' ''"'" '^^ -l^'tieiencies as a

f>. Criticise the literary style of n. L,,,,
into'tS'iS^ *'" '"^-'-t-n ..f s,„;..,.atnral n.achinery

11. Indicate Scott', place an.ong the poets of his ti.ue.

1- Compare his poetry with that of Tennyson.

UXIVKRSITY OF TORONTO.

Jxulor M„frl,;,/„r,o„, S,,„,n,h,r, /SSV.

Kxam.nkh.-Pkokkssok a. U. Rkvnak, M.a., LL.D

1. Describe the early life and training of Sir Walter Scott.

co.;£^'iil^;:--C^5--j^-^^^^^

into rllTulf '''"' ""' ^''^'" "°'-"^'"- "°- ^- doe. it enter

276

Examination Qikstions.

And in Melrose's holy pilo
Seek thou the Monk of St. Mary's aisle.
Greet the Father well from mo ;

Say that the fatod hour has come,
And to-night ho shall watch with thee,

To win the treasure of the tomh:
For this will be St. Michael's night,
And, though stars ho dim. the moon is blight;
And the Cross of bloody red ^^

Will point to the gravp of the mighty dead.

(rt) Parse thee and derive wiijhttM, lino 2.

(6 ) Derive ainh, lino <), and fatid, lino 8.

( r ) " For this will bo St. Micha.l's night." How does this
statement affect the interest of tho narrative V Give some
account of St. Michael.

(^0 "Tho cross of bloody red."' Describe it as given later
in the poem.

G Explf . tlio following terras:— /wr/>/m«, - >iiii». srnhheon,
cairn, bep ^( ' castle), hurliznn, harqu,h,i.<^, sn„.-'.,tl, ^x.r'mlhH,
runic.

7. Quote not more than fifteen verses from some one of the
following scenes :-(«) Tho opening of Michael Scott s tomb ;
Vb) The opening of the Magic book by the elfi:. page^ 1h«
death of Mus|rave; {d\ Tho pilgrimage to " Melrose s holy
shrine."

VI.
BY MISS HENRIETTA CHARLES, B.A.

Colhijinle. Iiisfifuh-, TorniUo Jim ' .

1. What effect on the poem has the fact of its l>eing put into
the mouth of an old minstrel V

2. It has been said that Scott " loved tho Cheviots or Ben
Lomond and the Trossachs with a passion which . . . was
so contagious as almost to create the modern «>«"«*
Describe any localities mentioned in the The Lai, of which the
statement made above might be true, and show what features
of Scott's descriptions indicate plainly his affection.

3. Describe in detail the Border customs and laws referred to
in The Lay.

4 Distinguish between tho different forms of the super-
natural that are brought into the poem, and give an account
of them.

Examination Qukhtions.

277

5. Show wliat iiiuaiiH Sr..tt n^os to pn-vfiit Dt'loraiiic'H riifo
from BranksoriiM to Mulrosn from Ifoiu-j a iiiero ouuiiieratiou of
I'iaces passed.

fi. Doscribt? tho i)ersoiiality of tlio " Ladyt! " an feudal <lame,
wife, aud mother.

7. Show to what extent and of what classes of men ('raiis-
toun, Doloraino, au(i Watt 'i'inlinn may bo cousidorud typos.

S. Emimorato and descriho tlio component parts of tho army
under Howard and Dacro, ami show in wliat particulars these
men differed from tho Scotcli forces that camo to tho aid of
Brauksome.

vn.

BY JOHN ('. SAUL, M.A.,
Knijlish Tinchtr, Oof/iijinh^ Iit,tfifiifi, Wiiiuijinj.

1. Tell brieHy tlic story of tljo poem. Oivo the circutristauces
under wliich tho Lay was sung, and state tho historic basis of
tho action.

2. Give in a few sentences the essential idea of each cunto,
showing clearly what each contributes to the action.

3. It has been charged against the poem that Canto VI. is
unnecessary. Do you agree with this statement? Give
reasons.

1. Show clearly tho framework upon which tho poem as a
whole is constructed. What are the advantages and disad*
vantages of this plan ?

.5. Tc what extent does Scott use the elements of surprise and
suspense m his narrative? Illustrate fully. Note any other
devices used to increase the interest of the narrative.

6. Does tlio historical and anti.|uarian information of which
The Lay is full, add to or detract from tlie interest of tho nar-
rative ? Make your answer specific in reference.

^ 7. Give in your own words a brief character-sketch of Watt
Tinlinn. Estimate Scott's success as a portrayer of character
in The Lay'i

8. Give the substance of the introductory stanzas to each
canto. Show their appropriateness in each case.

9. Give the snl)stancr> of each of tho songs sung at tho wed-
ding-feast, stating by whom each was sung, and briefly de-
scribing each minstrel. How far is each song typical? What
is tho object of introducing these scmgs?

278

Examination Que8tionh.

10. Rxplain the following quotations, noting tlie connection
in which each appuars : —

(m) Of that poa-nnake, tremendous curl'd,
Whoso niuustruiis circle girds this world.

(b) The words that ch-ft Kildon hills in three,
And bridled tlio Tweed with a curlt of stone.

(r) The stars and croscont graced his shicdd,
Without the Ijcnd of Murdieston.

11. Explain the followin;^ : — Emerald rings; the warbling
Doiic reed ; the raven's foo(' ; bit his glove.

12. Describe the metro used in the poer , pointing out in
detail, with illustrations, the devices used to urease its etTect-
ivencss. Discuss its suitability to the r ibjoct-niatter, and
show huw it is used to assist the narrative.

VIII.
BY .[. A. FREEMAN, B.A.,

Priiiri/Ht/ WiUtrdomi H'njh School.

1. Give reasons for the poem being put into the mouth of the
Ancient ]Slinstrel and for its l)eing written in the old ballad
style.

2. Describe from the poem the feudal castle of the sixteenth
century, its defences, and defensive weapons.

3. What are the more striking instances of popular belief
mentioned in the poem? By what means does the author put
the modern reader to a certain extent in sympathy with them ?

4. Describe the coming and passing away of the Goblin Pago.
Briefly tell of his ])riinks that affect the course of the story.
Suggest a reason for his words, " Lost ! " " Found ! "

5. Give a description of (a) the negotiations before Brank-
soine Castle, (h) the formalities preceding the combat.

6. What are the chief mpirita and defects of Scott's style?
Exemplify as far as possible from tlio poem.

7. ** The first and most natural form of what we have called
the Scotticism of Scotchmen .... is this amor juifrio',
this inordinate intensity of national feeling " Quote a passage
from the poem exemplifying tliis statement.

8. Give in your own words the substance of Fitztraver's song.

9. In Scott description of nature is mainly an end. In
Tennyson and Wordsworth it is very often a means to an end.
^V hat is meant by the statement ? Quote or refer to passages in
support of your answer.

EXAMINATKIV i^V K.STIONS.

•J79

2.
thiit
reli-

I\.

BY J. C. SHAW, .M.A.,

Priiin'/xif „/ Vaiiroiirtr CtJInjf,.

('») "Thefirsfc-fniitsof tliiH Ion- proparati.,,, appt-uivd in
y/«e Ln,i ufth.. Lnst M , ti-st r, I r Skotoh tJio •• pro-
pu ration. '

(f>) What was tlu're in tlio literary " situation " at th«
date of Its appearance that niuktss tli.- popular
success of 77(e Lmj si-cin less surprisiiii,' ?

('•) ■• In our ago Scott's narrative v. iso niainly''appoals to
young people." Show that this may ho a.--
couuted for hy the al.seuco of certain elements
from his poetry as well us hy the presence of
certain othi-rs in it.
•'He was to make the Middle Ages live once more." Sketch

life as revived in The Lay on its social, domesti.-, and
lous sides. '

(ft) Show that the preludes to the several cantos of The
L'ly are deftly woven into tlie texture of the
''".^'"' ■"'^'^ *'""*^^ always done this ?

{h) Show that in matter and manner tlio songs in this
poem are such as might he expected from their
• singers.

I") •' The <nny,rk sit?} lorn on the general plot." If so.

why, then, was it introduced?
('') Of the characters in tlie Minstrel's tale, «• Only he. has

living force, the rest are fleeting shades." AVho
/ ^ \v. }l '**® " H°"? Discuss the truth of the charge.
('•) \\ hat traces of '• careless glance and reckless rhy"uo"

are there in Thu Lny't
(") (iuoto from this poem, or reproduce with .|Uutati(,ns,

one description ..f a natural and one of a sui)er-

natural phenomenon.
(M Indicate the finest piissagis in other kinds, statin- the
kind. ^

Oive the context of the following :—
('») ** Veiiireance, deep-hrooding o'er the slain,

Had lock'd the source of softer woe."
('') " Use lessens marvels, it is said."

('') " It had not been burnt this year and more "
{d) '^' They knew no country, own'd no lord,"
(' ) " Silent and slow like ghosts they glide."

('0 l^cfinQarentm,Ie,flnnni...frfh,hr;nf, lyhe-wnh', merlin

nheillllil, l'-i/(/,oil-iehuir. '

(M Give (with aid of The /,,,.,/ wl„-e possible) the etv-
molo-y of /Irmdso,,,. , /imr/,„rh, Cnnislou,,^ [hure,
DidKiliii. llnnbii^ l\iickryM.

APPENDIX.

THE Ciri/rTTJiK USKOF JJTKKATURE.

By WM. HOUSTON, M.A.
itiijiriiiti)! J'l'iim <,'a{/v'n Admnved Jiiiidrr.)

IMl'OKTANt'K OK MKTIIUlt.

In no ot her Hchuul subject it* luolhod of more ituportanco thun it 1m
in tlio culluro Htiuly of litenituro, and in no other ix tliu impertinent
inlurmuildlinif of the inex|)crt or inefHi-ietit tuuvlier more mitichievouH.
Tho wise miiMtcr will nllow tho aiilhor, us much a« poK>sihlo, to do his
own teaching of tho pupil, and will at first content himsjlf.with in-
troducing them to eiich other in 8uch a way 08 to secure a pr-jpooKeHHion W
by the author of tho pupil's faculties and HymputhieH. .. - tual »

ac(|uaintance riiujurt under his overHight ho will find «■ , Vlwr-

tunities to direct tho attention of tho chiss to what is .--i ving

of it, but only after all reasonable effort has failed by i. >i ques-

lioninir to bring out what ho thinks tho right interpretation will he
exercise his privilege of expressing his own opinion.

VALUE OF ORAL READING.

It is inevitable that tho study of litcroturo in schools should be
closely connected with the practi(;o of oral reading, and it is <is desir-
able as it is unavoidable. The sound of the voice is so essential to tho
process of interpretation tliut a teacher who persistently and carefully
practises reading aloud will find himself greatly aided by it in his own
comprehension of tlio printed text. If this is true ho will a fortiori he
able to uso oral retiding effectively as a means of making his class
collectively and individually acquainted with tho author through his
work. Tho mind may bo reached through the ear as well as through
the eye, and both should be used in the study of literature. Moreover,
until the pupil gives his interpretiition of a passage by reading it aloud
the teacher ciuiiiot know pi-edscly what it Is. Xo questioning can bo
made sufficiently miniito or searching to bring it fully to lighL

280

TlIK (Jitl.TirKK TmK ok lilTKHATlTKK.

2M1

INTKKI'KtrTATlUN HV TlIK ITFII,.
It follo^VM fn..n wliiit hiis \HH'.n wii.l that ivury mIwiIoii in tho an
tholojfy Hhoul.1 b« dealt with in k„i„o way that will Uavo tliu |Mi|.il
free to work out hin own ai.pivhtiiMion ot it. ( iilliirc haw no necessary
relation to any particular InterprcUilion. but it in al>Holnlt'ly tonditioncl
on the pupilH flndlnjf an intor|)nuttion for hini-.»lf. Wlml ho arrivc-M
at may have litllo inlrliiHlo valuo for any ..inir |Krs»n. h„t if it in
really hi« own It 1h Invaluablo lo him. Wine an.l n..t t.H, «..««. .stive
c-l.»>« quoHtioning will rtsnlt pn.UO.ly In a mo^ilfltaiK.n of iho iinpilV
opinions by attrition and ponsibly in wHnoenlarKem.uitof the tea.hers
own views. Thcso may bo UHcfully jfi vcn at the close of the .liscussion
not a8 dogmatic substitutes for all the previous interpreUiUons but as
snwestod alternatives for after coiisidcrut ion. It is unneccss^iry to luld
that tho pupil should never Ihj informed beforehand what he may
expect to llnd in a prescrilHsd Hleclion, and tluit not iv single wonl of
explanation shoul.l ever bo jfiven until he has had a chan o to do all
ho can for himself. A gooil bu. not neiessarily voluminous lexicon is
indispensable in tho stu«ly of litrrature.

UKTAIKS OK <'lw%SS WdKK.
Every selection should lie used in the class for three distinct ptir
poses. aiMirt from Its use as one of a tjr..np for <omi>anvtive study.
Those may bo thus succinctly described :-

I. After having been previously assijjnul without any hint or
explanation of any sort whatever, the selection sho.dd Ihj miwle
a subject of general .liscussion with b.wks closed, for tho pur-
pose of eliciting opinions on such topics as the author's sUmd-
point and mctho«l. his use cf artist ic devices to accouii.lish his
purpose, his outlook on nature an.l hunumity, his descriptive
or dramatic iK»wcr, tho characters he intnxluccs and tho p<irt.-.
he assigns to them in his sket<h or narmtlve, tho use ho makes
of his own Imagination, and the nicth.Mls by which lio secures
tho exercise of tho winie facility in others. Such questioning as
will servo this purpose will also enable the tca<hcr toascert^iin
whether the prescribed private rouling has been effectively
done by the pupils.

•-'. In tho second treatment of the sclecli.n it shonld l>e minutely
dissected with books oiK-n, for the pu.ikjso of securing complete
mastery of tho author's nuxlcs of expression. Questions should
be asked the cori-.^t answers to whi,h will involve tho uso by
the pupils of ev.iy important or unusual or diffl.iilt word or
phrase in the whole pitee. This .malysis is a necessary preiNini-
tion for intelligent onil rciuling, and it may be nuulo highly ser-
viceable in securing improved pronunciation and enunciation.

2H2

TiiR Cpi.TirHB Uhk or Litkhaturi.

'A. Thn thini iiM4t (if tho M«-|iH*tfoii in clitMM |h n<<wlii<ir It nloiid, nnd
tlio tiMiflMT, in onlcr to }•<• 'ti n |M>Hitioii to HM'<'Hi)in what the
nailiT'H intcrpn>tittiiin ri'itiiy i«, »lHinl<l lii-nr thn Ii-hhou without
M-cinif it. Olio who Ik InMIi hcariiitr himI woiiiir riiiinot tfll how
iiiiirh of hlH own i-oni|tn-hciiHloii of lh«« |NiMwtir<< ho olitalim
tliniiitrh till! I'yo anil how nnich tliroiitfh th«i i-ar. It Khoiihl b<^
ii^-^iiiiicil that thn |iii|iil kiiowx nnii U nhio to explain why ho
niakcM iiHo of ci-rt-iilii paii>«<>M, i-crtiiin toiieH of volri>, rrrtnin
ili'trrt'i-H of <>niph!is|H, uihIhooii. TIh-'o iirMall iiH'iiim ofmnvoy-
Ititf tlio rfiiilrrV iiitfrpn-tatioii of thn pici-n to thn hcan'r, nnd
they Hhoiihl liu kc|it Htrictly auxiliary to thai puriHiMn nnd
hIiouIiI iiiiI, Im) usrd ainili'NNly and rart>Ii*MMly. Onil rciulinir am n
M(i|iii-| to litnniry Hliidy may Im iiiadu oiin of the inoHt vtrnctlve
tiinanM of cnltiini nvailiihlo in educational work.

ANAt.VMIS itK A SKLWTION.

Tho opiNirtnnltii'M ntfonl. d in HcluMd for thn cultiirn uho of litnm-
tiiro will Ih) coniiiarativi'ly waHtcd if they do not Icavo thn )iupil In
|NiHr4(vsion of n iiu>tho<l of donliiiif Hiihsniiiicntly with other litcmturu
for hiniMolf. Dcflnlto rukM to effurt thlM cannot Iw usefully laid down
or followed, hut koimo general eonxidcmtlonK niny profltnhly bo borne
in mind, nnd in neeortlnneo with these tho pupil Hhould bo ndvlHcd to
pn piiro himself for his daily elass work Intelliirvnt interpretation of
lilcratiiro thus lioeomes habitual, nnd >. tho trcHtnieiit in cIiikh Ih
never nlereotyped ho is not likely to liccomo tho vietim of empty for-
malism in his inde|H-iident work. The followliiff nre a few of thoeon-
hideratloiis referred to:—

1. Every jiicco of ]itcmtiii*u that is urescribed for ntudy should Im;
eharaeterized n« far as possible by nrtistio compIotenesM nnd
ortfanlo unity. Somo relaxation of this dietiim has been nllowed
in tho prepamtion of this anthology in order to seeuro hcIcc-
tions fnim tho works of great prose writers, but even in those
eases euro has In-eii taken to make tho exeerpts as self-eon-
tainctl as iK)s-iblc. There is iiuilo as much of artistic pur|iose
diseerniblo in "Itip Van Winkle "or "David Swan "as there is
ill "Tlie Aiuient Mariner," "King Robert of Sicily," or "The
Italian in England." An artistic result implies nn ideal realized,
and tho ideal should be discovenible by the aiuiiytic study of
l!ie resulting product.

■J. Tho first nnd most important task devolving on tho student is to
bi'como ac(iiiainted with tiio prescribed or selected text as n
wliole. This may l>o acconiplisbed only by successivo readings
of it as a whole. The im|)ortaiit purjwse so served will not be
«er\ed by any study of it piece by piece, however thoroughly

TlIK C'l MTUK VhK f.K I.ITKI.MIJIJH.

'2h:\

It limy »K. •lull,'. Tl... lin,.r.«|,M, l,.ft \,y „ n.vi inni^al « ill ,„m-.w

Harllv lH..|iM,ai..I ,.H,f, ; l,„t Mil... .|,„.„| r.u.lintfs will ,|....,«„

ir. .•..n...| inisipi.r. h.ii-l.„,., ,,,,.1 .1. |ui|.|Niniil Ii.,.m„M. ..

cl.-«. til! out ,,f 11... ni.i,s of .•..nrii.i..ri .i... rtr.M , .,|,i„^ |||,.

iitia.|,-.,„.it.. Mrw of tl... ,..,-!,.„••, aili-.i.. v ...k I,. |,. .....npl.-t.

nOMH IIIkI In'UII'V.

11 nTlaiii .!i..„v.Tal.|.. r.lati...i a uu tl,.- part., .-.i,,! ImIu,.!,

.•...1. of II..MII aii.l II,., wh.,|., uoik. Tl... I„,ia..i,| « |,„ .„ni..„t.
l.iii.H,.|f with M.., .li.,M.,.(i.,nofa l!..w..r f.,r Mi.i.i in,. p,„.,H,„.,

il.Tlv,.s no ••s||,..||,. Kali«fa.li..i, fr...., il. f..,„,an.l , r, l..il,oi...

may Hrt..r.„,i..y|„t,|m lM.a,„y {...ivav.. |,i, |.|..,,-,„-.. i„.|Hl„|i..|y

».y «akl..tf If to I.I.-.-...S to U«...,-t,,i„ iH.NV llM.y ,„,. ,,,1,,,,.,, ,„,,^„,,,

olli.^r a. ..I tl. till- wlml...

h.M U.0 of flK.irativ., huitrua;,',.. or „f Ih..,!,.,, t.-i- ..f hin ,Ii. ,i.,..

1.^ n.^iinls form of H..„|,.,„.,.a.,.| ,h„l,„of «„nl.. II,, .nay l, .x,.
1.1 l..i...l th., i..v,..liyali„„ „f 11,,, io«i,.al sln..fup« of ,...„t,.«..,.s
for tl.., lT,.r,«.s„ of aMvrlainin,' ||.,. pa.t .-a.h v -.I op ^m....,, of
wonls plays in tho f..rn.ati..n „( t|,„ Mattni.'.-i whi.h n. ,. »,,
Iho xvhol,. ,li>,..,n,v,.. Hi. in,.. nil,.,, may 1., ,„ n.akou -p-iat
Klu.ly of in.livi.lnal wonls f,,- |1„. pu.-poM.of l„.,..,„n„ira,..,„,.|„.. ,1

with th..|r history n.i.l ns,.s. Or. in il... ,„>.• .,f .i.-v ,,„ „, ,^

have in view H r..volatl.,n of th., .l.-v i.-,.. l.y „„,,,„ „f „.,,;,.,,
the iHa-t ha. pro,ln.v.l II,.. . l..ulnni.al f.,rn. tl,a., i, ||„, „.,.
.•I..irac|..risti., feainr... of Knylish x.. ,•,... All tl.N „,ay 1... ,l..i,.
how..y,.r. in a ,.nr..ly s.icntin.- spirit, as Ih., I.otanist ...av .li.s., ,
a now.r .M- Iho ...i.,o..!.lo>rist, l.nak up .-i .ry-lal, in .ith.r .a...
for tin; inc.-.. |>iir|..,s.. .,f layin- I,,,-.. ii~ -1 ,11, 1 nr.-.

r>. T1...I-0 is anoth.-r ki.i.l of analysis whi.h .liffers oss^lially fn.n,
nil of th..s,.. an.1 to whi,.h tl...y shonM all he n.a.lo snh.l.l.ary
.» so far as th.y fln.l a pla.o in tho ,nlt„ro nso of liL-i.tlnn-
It is pr...npt..,l hy an esth.-.i,. rath, r than a >..i,.nlino in..fiy,."
Tho coinposition is x i,.w..,l fn.n. an ..notiona' n.fh.r thai, an
inLllclnal stan.lpoint. Tho pnrpo-., of tl,.- (■x..r.i„. i, to^.-onn-
«....i..yn,ont nith.'r than to a..|nirc inf..rn,ati..n. Ji is a stn.l>

of !

he id.-al nithcr ihan of iiic ...tual. It inati

cxaiui.le. whet her sn.h a p.r
Arthur, or Kij, Vai, Winkl

<Ts not, for

ion as Hala.lin, or S.Mi-atc

, or FCin^r

e. ..r R(jsr ..11.;, or Dora, or Kali.

384

TlIK ClILTlJMV. 1!mB ok lilTKHATUKK.

WiUowH (<vttr UvinI; thu lltumry **<iiii|NiHlti«tnM In whicli thi'y
fltfuru liiivu nil liiiuruMl. niitl it viiliio i|iittu tiHl«|iuiHl«iit of nil
qiiuMtloiiH u( hiHturtunI ur l)iutfni|iliicnl ftu-t.

Hk Thuru li« n plncu In i^vury m-Iiin*I tiiiiuuiblu for thu Htiidy of
rliotoiic. niitl irmiiiuiiir. niid pliiloluity, uiid pniMNly. nnil it Im
ritfht and iiuwHMiry tlinl ll-uy hIioiiIiI ih-cvIvu their iIiiu tiioiuun-
of attontioii. It in not w\m\ howuvc-r, tonllow thfin to In'cohm-
too prouiiiittiit III Miu hoiirH, nil tou tt-.w nt thu iiitMt, iluvotod to
tho Htiuly of litumtiiru um a |>rt!|Ninitioii of tli*^ pupil for life. Ilo
liiM buuii liiboriou.-<ly nml iNiiiifully tiuiKht to rend, mid tliun--
foru it in nil iiii|»urtniit that hu ^ll<)uhl Ih; tniin<-d to M-lf<-t Ihi!
ritfht kind of ruudiiitf innttur mid to iiinlii! thu ritflit iixu of it. If
tills quutitioii of " whafniid "how "in not npproncliud fniiii thu
lioint of view of ciuotionul pluaMiiro mthvr than of didnctiu
utility tho chiuf iMlvaiiUitfu of literary Htiidy for liotli teacher ..iid
piipilH in likuly to Im) iiiUHud altoiruthur. With tho irrent iiinjority
of pcoplo, ufter hcIiooI lifu Im ovur, rutuliiitf in alinoxt eiilin-ly n
iiiuiiM of ruuruntion, and to Itrnoru thix obvloUH nnd monioiitotiH
fact durinir u pupH'K hc-IiooI iieriod Ih to lunvu tliu einotionnl kIiIu
of hU nnturu, which Ih thu oiiu luortt |>otciit for koo<1 or u\ il in
hiM lifu, toKo without HyHluniatio trainiiiif. Why should thu pru-
vnlcnt hnbit of roading bookn that arc tranhy, ur \vor»e, lio a
caUMU of Hurprisu when ho littlu in donu by ciliicalion to troun-
toroct In advancu tho evil liirtuciiccs cif c-iiviniiiniciit ?

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