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PROSPECTUS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ST. ANDREWS AND QUEBEC 
 
 ^^ <ij*mi»^ aM, aI'JM ci^Sk. W^ dJ*S^ 
 
 k 
 
 
 SAINT JOHN, N. B. 
 
 PRINTED BY HENRY CHUBB & CO. (COURIER OrFICE,) 
 
 PRINCE WILLIAM-STREET. 
 
 1846. 
 

" SAIM AiVDftEWS AND QUEBEC RAIL ROAD." 
 
 (ORIGINAL PROSPECTUS.) 
 
 The splendid and highly interesting scheme for opening a 
 certain and expeditious communication between Canada and 
 the Atlantic Ocean, by a Rail Road from a point near Quebec 
 to Saint Andrews in New-Brunswick, an open Winter Port, 
 advantageously situated in the Bay of Fundy, having now re- 
 ceived the approbation and support of Earl Gosford, the Go- 
 vernor in Chief of British North America, the people of Lower 
 Canada, and the twobranchesof its Legislature ; ofSir Archibald 
 Campbell.LieutenantGovernor of New-Brunswick, the people of 
 that Province, and both branches of the Legislature ; it therefore 
 becomes expedient, that the views of the Projectors should be 
 more fully exhibited to the Public than has yet been done, in 
 order that it may be enabled, in some degree, to appreciate 
 the benefits likely to result from so great an undertaking, and 
 to judge how far, and what degree of confidence may be 
 placed in the investment of funds necessary for its completion. 
 
 When it is considered that the only natural outlet from and 
 access to Canada, are by the St. Lawrence, and that this River 
 is, as to navigation, closed more than half of the year, it be- 
 comes evident, that a communication of the nature of a Rail 
 Road must be of immense utility to such vast, flourishing, and 
 fertile Countries, and that the transportation of Goods and 
 Commodities of various kinds would unquestionably be of 
 corresponding magnitude. 
 
 The Imports to and exports from these Countries, have, in 
 prosppct, scarcely a limit. At present, the former arc c\lf"!i 
 
sive, but would be greatly and progressively enlarged by au 
 increased facility ofprociirin'^ them, particularly such articles 
 as might be wanted when the usual and hitherto only source 
 was closed to their introduction ; and many of the latter, such 
 as Flour, Grain, Provisions, Ashes, and other products, are, 
 from the same cause, excluded from a market until late in the 
 spring or early in summer. 
 
 The contemplated Rail Road would remove all these obstruc- 
 tions and disadvantages, and command a large portion of the 
 transportation of those goods and products at all seasons, and 
 the whole during half the year; thus securing to the Canadas 
 an uninterrupted intercourse with all the world, but more espe- 
 cially with New-Brunswick, Nova-Scotia, the West Indies, and 
 the United Kingdom, which, with the consequent advantages 
 of more speedy returns and greater accommodation, would ad- 
 vance the prosperity of all the Provinces, give an impulse to 
 enterprise and production, and increase trade to an unknown 
 extent. Indeed, it would be but the commencement of interna] 
 improvement that must soon extend to the further Wcst^ and 
 concentrate an imniense traflic of the utmost national import- 
 ance. 
 
 This magnificent view should never for an instant be lost 
 sight of, but be acted upon with all possible promptitude and 
 energy, the urgency of which is indicated every day, and if 
 not attended to, will shortly be manifested in the divertion of 
 wealth and trade to neighbouring Countries, with but little 
 chance even of a partial recovery; the great value of which 
 may, in a degree, be established by the circumstance of the 
 rivalry now subsisting between the States of New-York and 
 Pennsylvania to obtain each a portion of it. 
 
 To secure these unlimited and legitimate resources, it will 
 be only necessary to construct a Rail Road from Quebec and 
 Montreal to Lake Huron, in extension of that from St. Andrews 
 to Quebec, which may be done at an expence not exceeding 
 One Million Pounds : thereby shortening the distance, and 
 almost uniting the Ocean and Great Lakes. 
 
 Another feature of great moment is presented to the interests 
 of humanitj by the preliminary and fundamental project now 
 brought forward, in the inestimable benefits that would accrue 
 to Emigration, both in comparative safety and shortness of 
 voyage ; by which the Emigrant would find his way to any 
 
part of Canada cheaper and in less time than he coiihl by any 
 other route, and that without encountering the extra risk, too 
 frequently experienced in the liulC of St. Lawrence. 
 
 Nor are these the only views to be taken of the subject: — 
 The resources of two hundred miles of rich forest Country 
 would at once be opened an<l rendered productive, and the 
 Timber and difierent kinds of Lumber procured on the track 
 of the Road svould afford immediate employment and yield of 
 itself a large income, besifles giving rise to Towns, Villages, 
 and Settlements along the whole line. Lime, Uypsum, and 
 superior Slate quarries also are to be found in abundance, 
 and indications of Coal have been discovered. 
 
 Without entering into a detail of the various items from 
 which the revenue will arise, a few of the leading ones may be 
 adverted to as data by which general conclusions may be at- 
 tained. As the Road will necessarily pass through superior 
 and abundant groves of Yellow and Red Pine, and across 
 minor Streams and branches of Rivers, near excellent Mill 
 Sites, no doubt can be entertained but that prodigious quan- 
 tities of Timber, Boards, and Deals, will be brought down for 
 exportation which otherwise must for the most part be locked 
 up for ages; but allowing the moderate and average quantity 
 of One Hundred Thousand Tons annually to be transported 
 at the rate of Five Shillings per ton, (about the cost of River- 
 driving,) and this item will pay £25,000; and taking the con- 
 sumption of New-Brunswick and the Northern part of Nova- 
 Scotia as the standard of computation for Flour, Grain, and 
 Provisions, it will be found at least equal to 110,000 Barrels, 
 which, at Three Shillings pe" Barrel, will be £10,500; in all, 
 for these articles alone, £41,0^0. This may be said to apply 
 at the present time, with a reasonable expectation of arriving 
 to double that sum ; and if the West-India and other imports, 
 with Passengers, Emigrants, &.c. are included, it must, in ra- 
 tional probability, be more than treble. The actual, or even 
 probable amount of income, however, cannot be ascertained 
 otherwise than by inference ; but enough is known of the na- 
 ture and importance of the forests, and of Canadian import 
 and production, to justify the conclusion, that the profits of 
 transportation would warrant the undertaking; and that they 
 would be fully adequate to defray charges and pay interest for 
 capital invested, so soon as the Road was fairly in operation, 
 
6 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 and become, shortly after, stock of greatly enhanced value ; 
 and this expectation is the more apparent from the certainty 
 that the cars on the whole route will be loaded both ways, an 
 advantage which few Rail Roads can possess. 
 
 The cost of constructing this Rail-road is unknown. The 
 distance is supposed to be about 250 miles,* through an un- 
 commonly level country, without the intervention of any as- 
 cents that would require stationary power, — except at Point 
 Levi, near Quebec, — or of any impediment worthy of notice. 
 But, taking as an estimate the expense of similar works in the 
 United States, it is presumed, and confidently believed, that 
 One Million, sterling, will be sufficient; and that little more 
 than half that sum will be ample, should fiovernment mukc 
 liberal grants in aid of the undertaking — for which, applica- 
 tion has been made to His Majesty by petition. 
 
 An Act has passed the Legislature of New-Brunswick, with- 
 out expense, incorporating " The St. Andrews and Quebec 
 Rail-Road Company," with a capital of £750,000, divided into 
 30,000 Shares of £25 each, which, with a similar Act, to be 
 passed in Lower Canada, with a capital of £250,000, will make 
 One Million — the full amount of the estimated expense : or, 
 the capital of the latter may be greater, if thought expedient. 
 
 When it is taken into consideration, that the proposed Rail- 
 road, the track of which is indicated by the accompanying 
 plan, will be through wilderness country, with a plentiful sup- 
 ply of all kinds of timber wanted in constructing the works, 
 where few bridges or embankments will be required, and 
 where the right of way can be secured at little or no expense, 
 there can be little doubt that the estimate will be found to ex- 
 ceed the actual cost. 
 
 In the neighbouring States, Rail-roads are in the course of 
 construction, of far greater magnitude, and with much less in- 
 ducement from immediate prospect of profitable returns, and 
 many of them have greater difficulties to encounter than the one 
 from St. Andrews to Quebec, which latter the Association are in- 
 duced to advocate, from the most careful attention they have 
 been able to give it, as being one of the most splendid and 
 promising routes, and one that possesses more graphic and 
 
 * This was the supposed distance, previous to the survey, but since the altera- 
 lioiiin the route, from the cession of le nit or}-, it is estimated at about ',140 miles. 
 
 nat 
 or I 
 
 tru! 
 the 
 deli 
 
 Ada 
 
7 
 
 national features and advantages, th.in any other that has been, 
 or probably can be suggested in North America. 
 
 This statement and prospect, the Association hope and 
 trust, ill be admitted to be reasonable and satisfactory ; and 
 they pledge for its accuracy all they can— the integrity of their 
 deliberate investigation, and of their entire conviction. 
 
 JAaiES ALLANSHAW, Chairman, 
 THOMAS WYER, Deputy Chairman, 
 H. HATCH, 7 
 
 JOHN WH.SON. Committee 
 
 JAMES RAIT, \ of 
 
 SAMUEL FRYE, I Manascjnmt. 
 
 J. McMASTER, \ 
 
 Adam Jack, Secretary. 
 
8 
 
 Hotli brandies of tlio Legislature of Lower Tanada also ap- 
 proi)atcd the scheme, and showed the interest they took in it 
 by passing the following Jlcsoliition»: — 
 
 II«)r.sF, or Assi'.Mni.Y, QuruKc, \ 
 Wedncsdaif, ViUh Dec. 1«3.>. J 
 
 Resolved^ — That every facility should be given to meet the 
 views of the Legislature of New-Brunswick, in opening any 
 intercourse between the two Provinces. 
 
 Resolved^ — That as soon as the Legislature of New-Brtius- 
 wick has passed an Act to establish a Rail Road from Saint 
 Andrews to the Province Line, that every facility should be 
 given to the enactment of a Law of a similar nature, upon con- 
 ditions as favourable as may have been granted to any Rail 
 Road Company within the Province. 
 
 Resolutions adopted by the Legislative Council^ Saturday^ VMh 
 
 December, 1835. 
 
 Resolved, — That a Rail Road between the Port of Saint An- 
 drews, on the Bay of Fundy, which is open at all seasons of the 
 year, and the Port of Quebec, would greatly diminish the dis- 
 advantages under which the Province labours from the severity 
 of its climate, and the consequent periodical interruption of the 
 navigation of the River Saint Lawrence. 
 
 Resolved, — That the opening of such communication between 
 the port before mentioned, would promote the settlement of the 
 country, greatly facilitate the intercourse between this Pro- 
 vince and the United Kingdom, extend the interchange of 
 commodities between the British Possessions in America, in- 
 crease the demand for British manufactures, and be the means 
 of affording additional employment to British shipping. 
 
 Resolved, — That for the foregoing reasons it is highly expe- 
 dient to promote and facilitate the views of the Saint Andrews 
 and Quebec Rail Road Association ; and that so soon as the 
 Legislature of the Province of New-Brunswick shall have pass- 
 ed an Act to establish a Rail Road between St. Andrews and 
 the Province Line, every facility ought to be given to the en- 
 actment of a Law of a similar nature, upon conditions as fa- 
 vourable as may have been granted to any Rail Road Com- 
 pany within this Province. 
 
 
 
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 Iso np- 
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 l{i\i()!vi'J,~T\i\\i an huiiiljK? Aililr(?ss he prfV^enuvJ to His 
 Kxccliency the tjtivcrnor in ('lii<:f, praying that His r,\i"ilhMH*y 
 will he pleased to trnnsinit the jihove Kcsohitions to Uio Sucre 
 tary of State for the Colonial Department, as the opinion of the 
 Legislative Council upon the siihjcct to uliieh it has reference, 
 and praying also that His liXcellency will he pleased to n* 
 commend the Mul)ject to the favourable consideration of His 
 Majesty's (Government, if His r.xcellency shall think fit t«» 
 do so. 
 
 The inhabitants of Quebec and Montreal took a warm inter- 
 est in the measure, and zealously came forward and signed a 
 Petition to His Majesty for aid : and the Hoard of Trai'e of 
 both of those cities joined the Association, as will appear by 
 the correspondence with the Deputation. 
 
 On the lOth of January, I8.*ji>, the party of exploration re- 
 turned, having proceeded to tlic head waters of the Saint John 
 Tliver, near the Canadian line, and having found a very level 
 tract for a Road, without any material impediments, as will ap- 
 pear by their report. 
 
 Resolutions of the ] louse of Assemb/i/ of Xovn-Scotia, 
 March ]it/i, 18:l(;. 
 
 Jicsohud, — That it is the opinion of this House, that a Rail 
 Road between Saint Andrews, in the Province of New-15runs- 
 w'ick, and the Province of Lower Canada, as contemplated by 
 the Petitioners, will promote the settlement of the country, 
 facilitate the intercourse between these Provinces and the 
 United Kingdom, extend the interchange of commodities be- 
 tween the British Possessions in America, and increase the 
 demand for British manufactures. 
 
 Jtesolved, — That for the foregoing reasons it is expedient to 
 promote the views of the Saint Andrews and Quebec Rail Road 
 Association: and, therefore, that a Committee be appointed to 
 wait upon His Excellency the Lieutenant Covernor, and re- 
 spectfully request that he will be pleased to transmit these Re- 
 solutions to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, as the 
 opinion of this House, and recommend the subject to the i'a- 
 vourable consideration of His Majesty's (lovernment. 
 
 Resolved, — That Mr. Stewart, 3Ir. Smith, and Mr. Chinman, 
 be a Committee for the above purpose. 
 
 JOTTX WHfDDEX. Clerk. 
 
10 
 
 Copy of the Associatio7i\^ Petition to His Majesty^ for aid, S^c, 
 
 TO THifi king's most EXCELLENT MAJESTV. 
 
 The Humble Petition of the Saint Andrews and Quebec Rail 
 
 Road Association, 
 Sheweth : — 
 
 That your Petitioners, firmly impressed with a conviction of 
 the practicability of opening a Railroad Communication from 
 Saint Andrews, in your Majesty's Province of New-Brunswick, 
 to Quebec, in your Majesty's Province of Lower Canada, did, 
 in the month of October last, form themselves into an Associa- 
 tion for the express purpose of bringing that desirable measure 
 before the Public, thereby to enable it to form a correct esti- 
 mate of the incalculable benefits to be derived therefrom. 
 
 That they immediately submitted the object of their Associa- 
 tion to His Excellency Sir Archibald Campbell, your Majesty's 
 Lieutenant Governor, who was pleased to approve the same, iu 
 decided and gratifying terms. 
 
 That in a short time, thereafter, they also submitted the 
 scheme to His Excellency Earl Gosford, your Majesty's 
 Governor General in Chief, who likewise was pleased to 
 approve the measure and their proceedings, in the most 
 unqualified manner. 
 
 That they caused a party consisting of Surveyors and other 
 men, having a knowledge of wilderness country, to explore 
 the contemplated line of road ; who after great diligence and 
 care, have reported favorably thereon. 
 
 That they conceive, that the completion of the proposed 
 Railroad, from Saint Andrews to Quebec, as aforesaid, would 
 be of great national importance, inasmuch as it would connect 
 and consolidate your Majesty's North American Provinces : 
 open a direct and certain communication between them at all 
 seasons of the year ; improve and bring into action many 
 inaccessible resources ; extend the trade and commerce of 
 these growing Colonies, and secure the same to the interests 
 of your Majesty's Empire, which otherwise must, in part, be 
 diverted to other countries ; more especially the extensive and 
 increasing trade of Upper Canada, which will be almost wholly 
 engrossed by the internal improvements now rapidly advanc- 
 ing in the United States, and which the contemplated Rail- 
 road alone can counteract. 
 
11 
 
 That Saint Andrews has an open winter Harbour, peculiarly 
 and advantageously situated for shipments to, and from, all 
 your Majesty's Possessions. 
 
 That the expense of constructing such Railroad would be 
 too great to induce individuals to undertake it, without the 
 patronage and encouragement of your Majesty's Government. 
 
 Wherefore, your Petitioners humbly pray that your Majesty 
 will be graciously pleased to take the premises into your 
 Royal consideration, and direct the construction of a Railroad 
 between the Ports before-named, or extend to your Petitioners 
 such protection and aid, as shall seem to your Majesty, in your 
 wisdom, meet; and your Petitioners, as in duty bound, will 
 ever pray. 
 
 JAMES ALLANSIIAW, Memhcr of the Legislative Council 
 
 of New-Brunswick, Chairman. 
 
 THOMAS WYER, M. P. P., Deputy Chairman. 
 
 H. HATCH, 
 J. WILSON, 
 J. RAIT, 
 S. FRYE, 
 J. McMASTER, 
 
 } COMMITTKE OF MANAGEMENT. 
 
 J 
 
 WARD CHIPM/^N, Chief Justice of Ncw-limnswick, 
 
 WILLIAM BOTSFORD, Judge of Supreme Court, 
 
 WILLIAM F. ODELL, Secretary of tlic Province, 
 
 THOMAS BAILLIE, Member of Executive and Legislative Councils, 
 
 and Commissioner of Crown Lands, 
 
 G. F. STREET, Solicitor General, and Member of Executive Council, 
 
 GEORGE SHORE, Member of Legislative Council, 
 
 C J. PETERS, Attorney General, and Member of Legislative Coundl, 
 
 JOSEPH CUNARD, Member of Legislative Council, 
 
 CHAS. SIMONDS, Speaker of House of Ansanbly of yctc-Brunsiciik. 
 
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12 
 
 ST. ANDREWS AND QUEBEC RAIL ROAD. 
 
 ■ip® ^21111 ipwsindndt 
 
 So long a time lias elnpsed since the original Prospectus of 
 a Railway from Quebec to St. Andrews was issued, that a short 
 statement of ulterior proceedings may be due to the Public, as 
 explanatory of their suspension. 
 
 In 1836, a deputation of the Association proceeded to Lou- 
 don, and submitted the project to Government, with a Petition 
 to the King for aid, which was most graciously received, and 
 the prayer of it answered by a Grant of £10,000 for exploration 
 and survey ; about £9,000 of which was expended in prosecut- 
 ing the objects for which it was made, principally under the 
 superintendence of Major Yule, of the Royal Engineers, whose 
 Report is extremely favourable to the undertaking. During 
 the same year, a law passed the Legislature of New-Brunswick, 
 authorizing the construction of the Railway from St. Andrews 
 to the Canada line, and still remains in force. 
 
 In consequence of the remonstrance of the United States 
 Government, in 1837, further proceedings were arrested, and 
 the surrender of a part of the tract of country surveyed, influ- 
 enced a continuance of their suspension, from a fear that the 
 altered line necessary to keep within British territory, riiight 
 be considered too great an undertaking to induce capitalists 
 to carry it through. 
 
 Recently, however, other and longer lines have been 
 proposed and advocated upon various grounds, but the most 
 important object to be secured, the preservation of Canadian 
 trade^h^.^ only been adverted to, not investigated, so as to show 
 that those lines are equally capable of benefiting it with the 
 one terminating at St. Andrews ; indeed it may be assumed, 
 that comparison in that respect is out of the question. 
 
 

 IS 
 
 Among the iVKiny {ulvnijlagcs which this line possesses over 
 any others that can be devised, is its great superiority in point 
 of distance, which alone holds out a fair prospect r^ competing 
 ivith American lines, and consequently of counteracting the con- 
 troul of a large portion of Canadian trade by foreigners. 
 
 The more this vitally important subject is investigated, the 
 more necessary it must appear that the nearest and cheapest 
 route to and from Canada, should be adopted ; whatever other 
 railways may be constructed for other purposes. 
 
 Whilst the line from Quebec to St. Andrews will best pro- 
 mote and secure this great commercial and political interest, 
 it will, at the same time, pass through an extensive range of 
 woodland, and convey lumber of different descriptions to a 
 near market for exportation, which a longer route would not 
 permit to the same extent, nor on equal terms. 
 
 It is therefore contended that this line, both in a commercial 
 and political point of view, is entitled to a preference over all 
 others, and it is believed that it may also subserve all the other 
 national purposes equally as well. 
 
 The principal objection raised against this line is its prox- 
 imity to the American boundary, being thereby rendered, in 
 the event of a war, liable to be impeded by hostile invasion, 
 &c. Although this state of events is not to be guarded against, 
 it should be recollected that even the one from Halifax will be 
 subject to the same peril, should it be an object with the enemy, 
 as a large portion of it will be equally exposed, and that at a 
 point where it will be most vulnerable. 
 
 It should always be kept in mind that Rail-Roads are best 
 adapted to promote peace and civilization, and, therefore, that 
 the argument of contiguity is greatly in favour of the St. An- 
 drews line, instead of having any actual weight against it, as 
 it would be met and intersected by one from the American side, 
 which would materially increase its utility, and enhance the 
 value of its stock, and at the same time add to its safety in the 
 event of hostilities, by influencing restraint in self defence. 
 
 In the event of the Halifax and Quebec line being determin- 
 ed upon, as it most likely will be, the one to St. Andrews will 
 
u 
 
 become a branch of about one hundred and forty miles in 
 length, and undoubtedly pay far better than any other portion 
 of it, as it will be the shortest route for Canadian intercourse 
 and trade, and, consequently, command a greater amount of 
 traffic than any other terminus ; and it must be kept in mind, 
 that it is the only one that can, successfully, compete with the 
 diveriion of Canadian trade to foreign ports, and their mono- 
 poly of it. 
 
 THOMAS WYER, Chairman, 
 
 H. HATCH, 1 
 
 J. WILSON, ^ 
 
 S. FRYE, I ^o^^ff^^ 
 
 G. D. STREET, \ ^ ^-^ 
 
 G. F. CAMPBELL, ^^^(^g^^nent, 
 
 W. HATCH, » 
 
 St. Andrews, 24;A January, 1846. 
 
 8:1 
 
 31 
 
 
 ii,i 
 
15 
 
 SUPPOSED AMOUNT OP TRANSPORTATION OP ARTICLES 
 
 FBOM SAZ»rT AXTDREVrS TO QUEBEC. 
 
 West-India Produce — Rum, Sugar, Coffee, Molasses, 
 
 &c. &c. &c. — say £7,500 
 
 European Manufactures and Merchandize, including 
 
 heavy Goods, 12,000 
 
 Gypsum and miscellaneous articles, equal to 50,000 
 
 Barrels, at 5s. 12,500 
 
 150 Passengers weekly to Quebec, at £2 10s. for 
 
 fifty-two weeks, 19,500 
 
 Emigrants, uncertain, probably £10,000, but say - 7,000 
 
 £58,500 
 
 EXPORTS FROM QUEBEC. 
 
 Flour and Salted Provisions, estimated at 150,000 
 
 Barrels, at 38. £22,500 
 
 Wheat, Barley, Oats, &c. &c. say - - - - 8,000 
 Staves, Ashes, and miscellaneous articles, say - 12,000 
 
 100 Passengers weekly, at £3 each, . - - 15,600 
 
 £58,100 
 
 200,000 Tons of Timber, Boards, Plank, &c. at 7s. 6d. 
 
 from intermediate places, £75,000 
 
 Shingles, Saw Logs, and other descriptions of Lumber, 7,500 
 Provisions, Goods, &c. &c. for Settlers on the road, 
 
 and intermediate places, 5,000 
 
 £87,500 
 Amount of Imports to Quebec, - - - 58,500 
 Amount of Exports from Quebec, - - - 58,100 
 
 Amount of Imports and Exports to and from Quebec, £204,100 
 
 Expence of Building 340 miles of Railway, 
 at £4000 per mile, £1,360,000— at 5 per 
 cent. Interest, £68,000 
 
 Current annual expence^s, . - - - 50,000 
 
 iis,om) 
 
 £86,100 
 
Hi 
 
 M 
 
 II U 
 
 16 
 
 It will be observed that, in this estimate, no allowance what- 
 ever is made for Public Service, such as carrying Mails, &c., 
 and should Prosser's plan for building Railways be found to 
 answer, no doubt but this can be constructed at about one- 
 half the estimated cost. 
 
 Whether the calculations are near the truth, may be uncer- 
 tain, but when the actual workings of other similar lines are 
 examined, it will be found that there is ample ground to enter- 
 tain a confident expectation that the investment in this enter- 
 prize will at least be safe, if not lucrative ; indeed, we have 
 much reason to believe that the transportation, each vi'ay, 
 will much exceed the estimated amount, and we feel confident 
 in saying that the calculations are made rather under thuii 
 over the probable amount. 
 
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ce what- 
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 we have 
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 confident 
 dcr th«n