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Tous les autras exemplaires origineux sont fiimAs en commengant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la darniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent dtre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsquci le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. il est filmA 6 partir de i'engle supArieur gauche, de gauche 6 droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'imeges nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 GLAOIATION OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. yExtiiUted from the V,VM\.OQ\Q.\\. Mag.vzink, August, 1888.] Truiiner & Co., 57 .-iiul 59, Ludg.itc Hill, Lomloii. VA'\ v^ ), I'lcu- [^Extracted from the Oeolooioal Maoazink. Dooado III. Vol. V. No. H, p. [ill, August, 188.S.J Recent Oh«kuvation.s on tiik Glaciation of British Columbia and Adjacknt Kkcions. ]iy (;k.i. M. Dawson, D.Sc, F.O.S., Assistant Director, Ueolof,aeiil Survey of Canada. PREVIOUS ohRoivatioiis in British Coliiinhiii ' li.avo shown that atone .stago in tlio (ilacial period — thatot" niaxininm ^;hiciiitinn — a groat conlhieiit ico-niasis has occiipietl the r('j;'ion wliich may ho named the Interior I'lateau, hetween tlio Coast Mountains and (jrold and Rocky Mountain JJan^-es. From the ootli to tlie 49th paralhd this groat ghicior lias left traces of its general southward or south- eastward nioveinent, which are distinct from those of snhsequent h)cal glaciers. I'lie soutiu'rii extensions or terminations of thiscon- fluent glacier, in Washington and Jdaho Territories, have quite recently heen examined liy Mr. B .ill y Willis and Prof. T. C. Chamherlin, of the U.S. Geologi(;al Survey. ~ There is, further, evidence to show that this iuiand-ico l! Mwed ai'so, hy transverse valleys and gaps, across the Coast Range, and that the fiords of the coast were thus deej>ly idled with glacier-ico which, supplemented hy that originating on the Coast Range itself, huried the entire great valley which separates Vancouver Island from the mainland and discharged seaward round hoth ends of the island. Further north, the glacier exti'uding from the mainland coast touched the northern shoies of the (,)ueen Charlotte Islands. The ohserved facts on which these* general statements are hased have heen fully detailed in the pulilications already referred to, and it is not the ohjeet of this note to review former work in the region further than to emnnerate the main features developed hy it, and to add 1o these a summary of ohservations made during tlio summer of 1887 in the extreme north of British Colondjia, and in the Yukon hasin heyoiid the tlic silts of tlio NocliJicco hasiii, furtlier south in Britisli Coliitubiii, and to those of tho I'euco iJivur Country to the east of the Itocky Mountains. It n>ay l)e statcil also that tho country is generally torracotl to a height of -lUOO feet or more, while on an isolati-il mountain-top near the height of land between tlie Liard and I'elly rivers (I'auilio-Arctio watershed) nTTTed gravel of varied origin was found at a height of 4.'>U0 feet, u height exceeding that of tho actual watershed hy over lUOO ♦""ot. Reverting to tho statements made as to the direction of the general glaciation, the examination of tiiis northern region may now ho considered to have established that the main gathering-ground or ui'oi'i of the great Cordilleran glacier of the west coast, was included l)etweon the ootli and 5Uth parallels of hititude in a region which, 80 far as explored, has })roved to be of an exceptionally mountainous character. It would further appear that this great glacier extended, between tho Coast Kango and the Kocky Mountains, south-eastward nearly to lat. 4n^, and north-westward to lat. (>.'J , or beyond, while ^, senthng also sw«dl«Ti streams to tlie Pacific Coast. -^ In connccticjn with tho northerly direction of ice-flow here mentioned, it is interesting to recall tho observations which I have collected in a recently published report of the Geological Survey, relating to tho northern portion of tho continent east of the IVIackenzie liiver.' It is there stated that for the Arctic cor.st of tho Continent, and the Islands of the Archii»elago off it, there is a con- siderable volume of evidence to show that the Jnain direction of movejnent of erratics was northward. The most striking facts are those derived from Prof. S. Haughton's Appendix to IM'Clintock's Voyage, where the occurrence is described of boulders and pel)ble8 from North .Somerset, at localities 100 and l.'iiH miles north-eastward and north-westward from their sujtposed jioints of origin. Prof. Ilaughton also states that the east side of King-William's Land is strewn with boulders of gneiss like that of Montreal Island, to tho southward, and points out the general northward ice-movement thus indicated, referring the carriage of the boulders to floating-ice of the Glacial Period. Tho copper said to be picked up in large masses by tho Eskimo, near Princess-Koyal Island, in Prince-of- Wales Sfra't, as well as on Prince-of- Wales Island,'- has likewise, in all probability been de- rived from the copper-bearing rocks of the Copi)ermine Kiver region to the south, as this metal can scarcely be supposed to occur in place in the region of horizontal limestone where it is found. Dr. A. Armstrong, Surgeon and Naturalist to the "Investigator," notes tho occurrence of granitic and other crystalline rocks not only nil the south shore of Baring Land, but also on the hills at some flisianco from tho shore. These, from what is now known of the region, must be supposed to have come from the continental laud to tho southward. ' Notes to npcompany n Map of tho Northern Portion of the Dominion of Canada, East (.f the Kocky Mountains, p. <)7 H.. Annual Ut'i)ort, 18Hfi. ^ Do Itancf, iu Nature, vol. xi. p. 4'J2. r / , ID I. r> () .i 350 Dr. Gi'orgc M. Dawson — Gluc'iution of Bfif'mli Cohimhin. Dr. BpNsels, npiin, roiniiiks on tlio almntliuico of IkjiiMcis oh tlio sliore ofSinitirs Sound in lat. HT .'!()', wliicli aro nianircHtly dcrivrd from known localities on tho (ireonland coast mucii I'lutlior sontliward, and adds, " Drawinj; a conclusion iVoni suidi ohsor vat ions, it lioconK'S evident that the main lino of the drift, indicatin<5 the direction of ilH motion, runs from south to north." ' It may furthor ho mentioned that Dr. ]{. I'ell, of the Canadian Getdogical Survey, has found evidence of a iiortliward or north-east- ward movement of }j;lacier-ice in the northern part of Hudson Bay, with distinct indications of eastward jj;Iaciation in Hudson Strait.- For the Northern part of the Great Mackenzie Valley we are as yet without any very definite information, hut Sir J. liicliardson notes that Lauretitian boulders are scattered westward over the nearly horizontal limestones of the district. Taken in conjunction with the facts for the nioro southern portion of the Continent, already j)retty well known, the oliservations hero outlined would appear to indicate a j;eiieral movement of ice outwanl, in all directions, from the f>ieat Laincntian axis or jdateau which extends from Labrador round the southern extremity of Hmlsou Bay to the Arctic Sea ; while a second, smaller, th(>u<;h still very important region of dispersion — the Cordilleran glacier-mass — occupied the Uocky j\Ionntain region on the west, with the northern and southern limits before approximately stated. I liave refrained from entering into any detail at this time in respect to the glaciation of the northern ]iart of the Cordillera belt, as it is probable that within the year wo shall be more fidly informed on the subject, as the result of observations to be expected from j\Ir. B. G. I\I'Connell of this Survey. ]\Ir. M'Connell is now on the IMackenzio River, which, as well as the Porcupine branch of the Yukon, within the Arctic circle, it is intended that ho shall examine during the summer. ^ ' Nature, v(il. ix. ''■ Annual Uc|)ort Geol. Surv. Canada, 1885, p. 11 D.D. ; ami P.i'port of rrogress, 1882-84, p. 36 D.D. blliPllliN AUSDN AND .S(JXS, I'KIMBKS, IIIKIFUKI),