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D 3^X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 V ■ • «.-5'. 0, UEBEC j^ AILWAY AND HARBOUR WORKS, prnrjsHEi) by authority or THI QuEBFx Harbour Commissioners. r.. • * wm q, UEEEC KAILWAY HARBOUR WORKS, IMKI.ISIIKI) liV AITIlolMTV OK nil: OvvAw.c Harbour Commissioners. PREFACE. Thp principal part of the notice of the Railway niul (^lichee Harl)Our Improvomeiits contained herein — with the :iccompanying- plan— Ibrmed the snhject-raatter of a leading- ;iiti.:li3 in the Qukijec MoRXiNo Chronicle of July the l> Quel), c lo Toronto via Grand Trunk ]{y ;, ,3 '^'' tlo viaQ. M.U. \'(). Ky. and proposed new line from Ottawa lo Toronto 417 DitJerejU'c in I'avor of iutlcr.... s^ \«'W York to Toronto -47 Boston to do ^;|,, Tortland to do ,j;{,j Quebec to Pointe Claire via (I rand Trunk b'v. 1m; ^'•' via <>. M.O..V:0. Ky ITU Ditl'ennee in iavor of latter ](j Portland lo Pointe Claire :]]-2 The above will show the necessity for the construction of the direct Ottawa iS:. Toronto IJaihvay, upon the comple- tion of which Quebec will be 120 miles uearer than New York, 11»3 miles nearer than Boslon. and 142 miles m-arer than Portland. M lies. Liverjiool lo Toronlo 2G.")0 sea. } Via Quebec 417 laud. '5 .•30(;i Liverjiool to Toronto 3040 sea. | ^ Via New York ^47 land. ) '"''-'' Piflorence in favor of Quebec ,)20 miles. Kortunult-'ly lor Quebt'c tho two greul uuderlakiugJi so iulimatoly couiK'ctod with its rutuve prospects— the North Short! Kailway and the Harbour Improveraoiits— arc ap- proaehiiii? compUtioii simultaneously, as the one without the oihor would be of comparatively little value. The I'ac'ilities oHvred by tlie tidal docks ill connection with the direct Xorthern railway lines will then be such as to command universal attention, and our citizens have only to be true to their own interest to render Quebec that which it was intended by nature to be— the head of salt water iiaviuation on lhi« St. Lawrence. As an important lactor in our lutnre ])rosperily. tlie harbour works now ill progress on i\\o. ]{ivor ISt. Charles under the direction ol" the Harbour Coniraistjiom-rs and the immediate supervision of the Resident Eniiiueor * — necessarily take a foremost position ; and as the improvements which they are in^enred to elfect have advanced suHiciently to l)ecome the subject of some general notice at the close of the secoud working s *ason since the date of their commencement, we may be l)eimitted to refer to them more particularly and to call the attention of our readers, as well to their history and pros- pective advantages, as to the character and extent of the work performed and the dilliculties that have had to bo overcome, which, together Aviih the plant employed, have, ii is needless to say. attracted fiom time to time much notice from the licneral pul>lic and visitors both from the mother country and the United States, To render our remarks more intelligible, we supjilement them with a plan of the proposed improv^'ments, both railway and harbour, to which we refer the reader. At lirst sight it might seem extraordinary that works of any magnitude should be needful with a water-way possessing so many apparently natural facilities as the St. Lawrence presents to view at the port of Quebec : but such a conclusion, though natural, • .Mr. WoiiJIonl ['.Ikinafnti. Mouiljcr Inst. C. E., Rtsidont Engineer. Mr. St. George J. Eocwcll, .\!:?(c. Mew. lusl. C, E., Aseutant, t loses much of its force on a more comploto acqmvintuuo.^ with the facts of ♦he case. The ja^reat width of the river : the rocky foreshore; the jrveat and un necessary dt'ptii of water in places close in shore, with stroim- currents at certain times of the. tide ; the rise and fall of tide, only sen'iceable at present for rcpairinu' slips and dry docks ol small si/e ; the need of some sort, of harbour of rcfnyc dnrini*' the ^vinter months, lor late arrivals or vessels nndcr (h^tei^don, to protect them from dangerous ice iloes and .•shove.';, atford reasons ample enough to justify the construc- tion of tidal harbours and wet docks, where suitable localil i< s l>resent themselves for the i)urpose. Therefore, to overcome the ditUculties above ali ided to, and also to provide r>c :esH to deep water at all tiiacs of the tide for the carrying- trad-- opened up by th'> North Shov : Ivaihvay ; the month or embouchure of the St. C'larLs River was selected for the commencement of woi-k; of improvement in this direction, and actini^ under a miiuite of the Privy Council of Canada, approved by His Excellency the Governor-General, in accordance with the provisions ol ilie 17th section of tii- act 30 Victoria, chapter 02, the construction of certain works there was linally determined wpon, and a contract was entered into, based upon the plana and specilications of Messrs. Kinipple &; Morris, M. I. C. E., Engineers of Westminster and Greenock, with Messrs. Peters, Moore & Wright, Contractors, of Quebec. These works as at present in progress form the centre embankment of a scheme for double wet docks and tidal basins on either side of it, the embankment itself having a length of 3,500 feet by a breadth of 330 feet, extending from the Gas house wharf to the end of the isolated mole or breakwater already sunk in oO feet of water, and known as the ballast wharf. On the south side of this embankment, (which it is suggested by the way should, Muth proper permission, be called "The Louise Embankment," after Her Royal Highness the Marchione.-^f? of Lome.) along" its entire length, a quay wall, having a mm S cribvvork and concrete foundation with a masonry super- structure is being constructed with a preliminary channel way of 150 feet in width, 1,250 feet in length of which in to be dredged to a depth of 24 feet at low water, and the remaining 2,160 feet to a depth of 10 feet at low water — there being a rise and fall ot 18 feet at spring and 13 feet at neap tides respectively. AVith these works alone comple- ted, upwards ot one mile of continuous wharf accommodation, communicating with the shore, will be added to the port of Queboc. The first section of quay wall, 1,250 feet in length, forms one side of the enclosed area of the tidal biisiu on the south side, and the 2,100 feet of the second section forms one side of the enclosed area of the wet dock — the whole containing an entire water area of 60 acres. "Work was begun under this contract in May, 1877, and w'as continued to the close of November, when the w^cather put fui end to it for tlie season. During this period the outer line of low cribwork at the western end, was trenched in across the .southern channel of the St. Charles, which, when iiiled with dredge material from the trenches forming the oxoavation for the foundation of the quay walls of the Tidal Basin, completely diverted the low w'ater current of !he river, as was naturally expected hy the engineers. At tlie eastern end of tlic works, larger crib- work was constructed and laid in position, closing the low water tidal ingress and egress at this point ; 120 feet of this latter (?rib-work was laid on an even bed previously dredged to a depth of 16 feet below low water mark. Eavly in May last operations in situ were resumed and continued again until the close of November, when the last of the high tides had to be taken advantage of for getting the contrac- tors' plant into wintm- d again le high contrae- workinu' g have, rried on rib- work in the foundation and general ^lnn•U^•e of the (juav walls, Imve been executed in a maimer quilo exceptional for excellent' of workmanship. These crib-work blocks have a chtiraoter of their own, diifering from any previously con.strucled in certain parlieulars, which specially adapt them for the reception of concrete. Nine of these— each ]J0 feet in length — having closed faces of solid oiitremise iilling iu front, and 4 inch planking in rear, 27 feet in height and 8-* feet in extreme breadth, have becui sunk in 21 feet depth ol' water at low tide, each having been Jilled with 1,002 cubic yards of concrete or about ],.")00 tons net. The concrete has been laid evenly in skii>s, and ])OiKlod tlnougliout so that the whole shall represent one homogeneous mass, or a solid monolith of concrete of the entire length of 1,2.J0 leei and a weight of 1o,.jOO tons, all evenly distributed over a width of from 12 to lo feet in wall and counterfort, with a back lining of ;>^■e/Te^• />r(7/Mes and dredge material lioldiim' the back longitudinals and cross-ties for a width of 20 feel. The preparation of the foundation surface of the treuclies in which these large caissons had to l)e sunk in ])■ rl'ect line, and on a level bed was a Avork of some (liliiculty. After the di[)[nM- dredge had brought the. surface within two or tliree fec-l of the grade, the (dam shell dredu'er v/a-; employed to comi)l(de the excavation, but.cand'ully as tliis was attempted, it tailed to obtain a sulliciently even surface, and other exix'dienis had to be resorted to. "SVooden sleepers weighted arouiul their sides with old chain ca})le were laid alonu," under the lines of longtitudinals lorming the sills ol' the caissons, idaccd perfectl\ level and out of winding with each other, by di m's ; copt)i'r wire being stretched bidow at the re(|uired dei>th by the tide gauu'e to enable them to judge of the level of (>ach sleeper laid. This plan, thougii answering the ]iurpose, gave place to the use of short or stub j)iles of six I'eet ea(di in average length, which ^vere driven l>y a follower form.'d with a key litting the ])ile head. Tims the sliort piles w-re driven down to the depth .) ■Rim roquired ami the iol lower thou vcliM^i'd — iho li'Vfl ol" the- pih's beinii' afterwards adjuslod by the divers us thi^sleepers had ])eeu previously. On these, the crib-work caissous were I)hir.'ed aud (he })otlom hovelled up uuderiu'atli aud ])acked with balhist and l)rok:'U stone to an even sui liict; ]>rior to the insertion of the conerete. ''are havinu' l)eeu takeu both with the testing- of the Porthiud cement and the i)reparation of the au;'2,TeG:att' forminu' the conerete — tlie nlixin^^ chieilv ])y haiul, and the depositinif by skips, was carried throuL>'h with complete success — divers having' ])eeu employed throughout in lilling uiulev the cross-ties and levelling the surface generally. After this manner, nine out of ten of the 120 feet deeji crib-work blocks were constructed, towed into position, brought into line by transit, — sunk, and linally concreted up. These l)locks are at j)resent 27 fe«'t in height from the l)ottoni sills and rising three feet abovc^ low water, at which level the 12 inch course of elm capping is to be trimmed and planted on to receive the masonry wall and concrete backing of the superstructure — to coping level 20 feet higher — thus comph'ting a deep water wall of -18 feet in height with a batter of half-an-inch to the foot. On the outer or nothern face 1,-300 feet in length ot crib- work laid at the level of low^ water and trenched in has been com])leied, representitig half the entire length of ;i,loO feet, between the salient angles, much of which, it is expected. N\ ill ])e brought to coping level in tin; course of lext sea.son. Tln^ jilan ai.'companying this notice of tlie ]^rogress so far made A\iih these important works, shew>; th(> projMjscd (>xtension of the North Siiore Kailway from l*rince Edward Street across the Palais to the main embankmeni, %\ ith the curve on to the production (»f Dalhousie Street, ci'ossing the caisson entrance to the wet- dock, which will divide the present water area when enclosed into Iht' wet-dock and tidal harbour or basin before refeiTi'd to. the extra accommodation for vessels thus allbrued I illl 11 <■! <>r the- •^ sltM'per.s sous wevo d ]);ick('(l M» i)rior to ikoii both opnration i>', chielly 1 throuf>-h tMnph>yt'(l 'llini»' the I; of ten of ed, towed link, and lit 27 I'ect cot al)OVt^ n cappiiii>- ! masonry -to coping- 'at or wall the loot. 1 ot crib- led in has length of Inch, it is course of ice of the ks, .shcv\>> Iway from tlie main Aiction of > the wet- rea when [isin before lis alforcied 1 i if lying; two abreast, in this iserti(,n of tlie work, will }n> about 100, or from 700 to 8U0 duriiii^- the entire seasmi. The area of the embankment is expeetele. Thus, the JX)sitioJlof(>ueb^"(; as the principal gvographical s(>a-port aiul centre «.!' ihi- Dominion as a depot and entrepot lor hoih inipoii ami export trade may be expected once more lo assert its,.I|' With every Western extension ofthoXorth ?>ho;c Kaihvav system, fresli impetus will ])e given to the devulopiiient oV its trade. The projected lim; of railway toc-onnecl; Toronto with Ottawa will, if we ar.' rightly informed, l)e a-'ain moved for by an Act of the Dominion railiament at iis n.'xt session. On the construction of this, another link will have been i(n-med of that continuous line of iron hiuliwa\ which will one day connect us with the Pacilic. It will therefore be seen that Quebec is one*.' more .stejiping- forward to help itself. Successful competition in this day is noi simply one of industry; it is also one which mak.-. intelligent use of those products and forces whieh lie at our feet, and a conlidence in the result that must follow bv experience oi the past, gives us more than a hoi^e in lib- Mure with the help of these manilestly productive work^. The memorandum forminu- an appendix to lliis paper, referred to in the preface, will be found on the next page, dealing in detail with the question of revenue and uI?o with the valuable available area of reclaimed land in the embankment noticed above ; and the manner in wliicli it is suggested that it should be ultimately sulidivided is set forth in the accompanying jdan and schedule objeetivelv to show that independently of the probable revenue derivable from Harbour and Dock dues, the works themselves may be made to refund the cost of eonsfruciion. ri 12 ANXEXIKK TO 1.!':TT1<:1{, folio 40S, AVITH (JKXK- JiAL PLAN. Memohandim showiua' the probahlo available area lor sak' or lease on the Main Einhaiikment, after dodiictiiiir ihe widths ol' three lines of street and cross-street, qiiavs and railways, as sliewn in the accompanying- general plan, viz : — II if 1 I 1 Aock. ' Arc; I III fVct. 1 N'luiilier (if lf>t-'. fA. (10,000 sup. ft. 12 lots. ,. 1 r>. rront or | j, Lois. •: |}^; (lo.ooo 1)0.000 2.1,000 it. I 12 " 1 12 •' 1 ;> '• o.l.OOO .i 11 '• ! I V. 47,180 ( . 11 " 1 fC. 00,000 (; 12 '■ r.ii.kor , n. 1)0, 000 u 12 •' North j I. (iO,000 u 12 '• Quav i "; J. 11.880 it 8 " Lots. Iv. :. 8,000 u 11 " [L. 22,000 <• G " 1 1 M. ' 40 000 a ( 1 space. Uiulivided N. 20.400 a 1 1 •• Spaces. 0. r. 8,000 8/200 1. ii 1 1 " Total. . . , Or>T.GGO '>up. it. Hi)lots^S:4space,s. The value of these lots, if sold at the price paid for land in the Palais l)y the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa :: i^l per foot superficial, would amount to |G.37,GGO. At the rcntatre of Corporation wharAigc land ii, the Palais, of $12 for 144 superficial feet, for 4,507 sucli areas, the number contained in the total area per schedule, there would accrue an annual rental of $54,804, equivalent to six per cent, on the probable total cost of the works at present under contract, ini-luclinn: all continijencios and m 18 extras, il" assumed at $7")0,00(>, all()win iniuht reasonahly he assumed to yield another !fi;20,00(), which, ndded to the hmd rental, would amouni to a total of ii^74,S{)4, thus yielding- a fairly estimated revenu(\ ('(juivaleni to tlie interest at six per cent, on a Ciipital of •> 1,2.")0,000. Leaving out of consideration the value of the running- powers of the Quehee, Montreal. Oltawa^^ Oceidental Raif- way over the ( 'ommi.ssioners" w ays, t here would he what mav he taken as four i.-iles of sinde way equipped with switches, sidings, turn-tahles and evossings, at say, €4,000 or $lt;,000 piM- die, givinii- a total of lOf.OOO, or say, 170,000, for surface, railway. :nul roaJ works. This estim;ite supposes the ways hiid on longitudinal sleepers and transverse ties, wiih .-ini;-le iron guards to support th(> roadway at eat;h side oii a level with the head of the rail. These w^orks I would strongly advi.se the Commissioners to keep entirely in their own hands, laying down and equipping the ways or tracks, and receiving such annual sum as may he agreed upon from the Quehee, Montrt'al, Ottawa & Occidental Railway for running powers. Adopting this view^ of the prohahle iiscal valu<', or the capitalized redemption value due to th(^ productive restdts of these works, it v.ould appear tliat the prospective oiler of sale of th(^ lots, either in freeiiold, or in say 99 years leases, might be entered upon, or, borrowing- powers he so increased as to enable the Commissioners to complete the entire works, including the Dalhousie Street extension, on the most improved i)lan now submitted without delay. AVOODFORD PlLKIiNOTON, Resident Engineer, M. Inst. C. E. Quebec Harbour "Works, January 5th, 1879. ■T' J-L . ' f l W W^ iB ii " II Hii ^« ^^ d^MM^^ R t {/ £ /i y L H fi R I £ S £]" ,^' h ' 1 — r J/ ■ : I i 1 J I. l—L : i ! ! '■ ! li I i ^ ■ » I t ! ■•~i--—T '■ 5" C H /f R I £ S --- .....--. ----- ... ..-,-• •% - - - -— — : i 1 ! ! • I * ; : 1 ! i ; ..; 1 i ' t ' * i ; i i 1 / ! ! i ; 1 : ; ! \ \ ^^^ i X *X 1 : 1 ■• : 1 1 i ; t 14 ! i 1 ■ r * ^ * V\ i\^ ! 1 ; i ; ! '; i : ! 1 ; Mil MM 6 ; 1 i 1 ; i J 1 , — \ \ u_i kM M ***■*■■*■•'*■■* -•--•••— -•— •• — — •- — • — — «••» «*•••.•*«.-«••.•••••• — «-*^*— •-•««-•>-•-'■•-«*••*»• — — * D o c /r di^ ■M* ->- I > D ' /24.ff f^tfT ^/i£M 20 /fcMMS Z4 r££T D££P MT IW COMMIS&IONEBS PHOTO LITH BY THE BURIAND DfSBAHATS LITH CO MONTREAL. dii