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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film6s en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniire page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra ?ur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent 6tre film^s 6 des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6ue reproduit en un seul cllch6, il est film6 6 partir de I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche 6 droits, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 THE CREAM OP SCOTTISH HISTORY TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM BUCHANAN, BY WILT^IAM FERRIE, A. M. MINISTER OF ST. DAVID's, ST. JOHN. W T ^r II AN APPENDIX SHEWING THE 4\ Extinct Peerage of Scotland in 1746, ,4% ACCOUDINU TO CHAULKa MACKY, THEN PROr llSSOIi OF ' HISTORY AND AXTIQUITTES 1 X TIIK COLLEGE OF KOlNFirKGH. f 2 PRINTED BY W. L. AVEUY, PniNX-E WM. STREET. ^ SAINT JOHN, N. B. 1857. sc Auth< ACCOI HI PRIKT THE CREAM \, •v. OP SCOTTISH HISTORY, TAKEN PRINCIPALLY PROM BUCHANAN, BY WILLIAM FERRIE, A. M. MINISTER OF ST. DAVID'S, 8T. JOHN, Author of "Life of Rev. John Carstaires," "Signs of the Times," &q, WITH AN APPENDIX SHEWING THE STATE OF THE Extinct Peerage of Scotland in 1746, ACCORDING TO CHARLES MACKY, THEN PROFESSOR OF HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES IN THE COLLEGE OF EDINBURGH. PRINTED BY W. L. AVERY, PRINCE WILLIAM STREET, SAINT JOHN, N. B. 1857. V PREFACE. ITiis fasciculus was drawn up after its author had lectured on Scottish History to an audience in Saint John, in which he felt much interest. ' He was reluctant to let the results of his close study of Buchanan, Robertson, &c., escape from his memory, or be useless to his chil- dren, and it occurred to him that if published, they might be read with interest by Scotchmen generally. , Conceiving moreover that he owed it to the antiquarian to give to the world a brief but singularly accurate statement written by Professor Macky in 1746, respecting the condition of the extinct peerage of Scotland at that date, he has here appended it as a sort of help to the better understanding of the names and families of the various nobility noticed in the History. '-S./ May the devotion of the Scottish to their native land ever exist, and may it be the ardent aim of every native of the now highly favored Caledonia, to act in all things so as that whilst he glorifies his God, he shall make his country the admiration of all that know him I 11 [t \ ! ^ ^ ABSTRACT OF SCOTTISH HISTORY. The History of Scotland from the reij?n of Fergus the First till that of Jarae3 VI., as King of England, divides itself naturally into tour periods : the first extending from the reign of Fergus I. to that of Fergus II. ; the second from that of Fergus II. to that of Kenneth II. ; the third from that of Kenneth II. to that of Alexander HI. ; and the fourth and last, from that of Alexan- der III. to that of James VI., as King of England. We would, run over each of these periods, briefly pointing out what may be deemed either its most important or most interesting feature. First Period, (viz. : From Fergus I. to Fergus II.) being a period during which there reigned no less than forty Kings. In ancient times the Island of Great Britain was inhabited by three distinct races of men. Towards the South the Briton* oc- cupied it ; and it is generally believed that they originally came from France, then called Gaul. Towards the North it war inha- bited by the Picts from Germany, and by the Scots, a colony lat- terly from Ireland, but originally from Spain. Ireland in those days was what she still is, a greatly over peo- pled country, and this being the case it must have been pleasant to her to get an outlet for her surplus population so near as Scot- land. Consequently when her inhabitants began first to swarm oft' they settled in the Hebrides or Western Isles. It was while they were in this condition that the colony from Germany, called Picts were shipwrecked on her shores, and advised by her coun- trymen rather to go to Scotland than think of remaining where there was evidently no room for them. The Picts gladly received this counsel and settled in the Lowlands of Scotland, being ad- dicted to agricultural pursuits. By and bye the Scots in Ire- land had so increased that they felt it necessary to migrate in greater numbers towards the East, and having landed on this oc- casion on the mainland of Scotland instead of the Isles, were kindly received by the Picts, as might have been expected. Thus the Picts and Scots were settled very near to each other in Nortli Britain; but their tastes being different the Scots occupied the hills that they might feed their flocks and hunt to advantage, while the Picts dwelt in the lowlands that they might cultivate the soil. For a considerable time they agreed admirably. As, how- ever, the best of friends are apt upon becoming more familiar with each other to become more careless of their behaviour and less Btudious not to give offence, wars in course of time broke out be- tween them, and the Scots finding that their enemies had obtained help from the Britons in the South, thought it high time that they should choose for themselve a King to lead them forth to battle. This then they did about 300 years before the Christiau li^ ii era, and history informs us that the pcrsou they thus made choice of was Fergus son of Fcrchard, who is more commonly known by the designation of Fergus the First. Fergus seems to have reigned well in comparison of the great majority of his successors. We lindthat he occupied the throne for twenty five years, after which lie was drowned off Carrickfergus (which takes its name from this circumstance) as he was return- ing from Ireland victorious over some in that country who had re- belled against his authority. As the sons of Fergus were minors when he died, a law was passed by the Scots to the effect that when any King should die without leaving a child of adult years the next of kin totheKii\g should reign in his stead during life, after which the go- vernment should revert to the former King's posterity. Thia law M-as acted on for upwards of 1200 years ; but Kenneth III. got it set aside in favor of his own family at that period ; with what success we shall by and bye see. Several of the Kings who first succeeded Fergus seem to have conducted themselves well ; but Nothalus the sixth of them was a haughty tyrant, and so provoked his subjects that Donald of Galloway's retainers slew him. The history oi Scotland almost invariably tells us indirectly, that a violent death awaits the tyrant, especially if he be a King. The next King to Nothalus was his nephew Rutherus, sometimes called Eeuda, whom Donald of Gal- loway appointed to the throne. But as the Scots were jealous of their rights and preferred choosing their own King to allowing even their deliverer from a tyrant to do this for them, they re- belled against Uendo. and thus became divived into two parts. Reuda's part was called Dahiad Scots, (Daal signifying a part, and the whole word, Reuda's jmrt,') and this division was hemmed up for a time in Argyleshire although it ultimately obtained the ascendency. We pass over many of Reuda's successes without notice, nothing very remarkable having been achieved by them. It was in the reign of Donald the twenty seventh of their kingi «iat the Scots were for the first time governed by a Christian. Fergus and all his successors had been Pagans, but from the time of Donald, usually, the King was a Christian. It was not however until other twenty kings had ruled and passed away that a Roman CutholiG king ruled the Scots. The Christianitv which was first taught their kings, was not a caricature of Christianity but th# Christianity of the Gospel. The first usurper who ever ruled the Scots was Natholocus the thirtieth of their kings. This man who was originally but a no- bleman had been severely outraged by the king Athireus. Atlii- erus had debauched his daughter and then beaten her with rod* W14 deliyered her over for the vilest of purposes to thoic- who I ;-T'^®f"**i v\ i:| .,... made choice lonly known of ttie great he throne for >nrrickfergu« was return - who had re- , a law wa» g should die I to the Kii^g- ich the go- irity. This ueth III. got ; with "whot seem to hav« of them wan ut Donald of ttland almost ts the tvrant, alu8 was hitt )nald of Gal- re jealous of to allowing m, they re- o two parts, fying a part t was hemmed obtained th« iice, nothing f their kingt a Christian, 'om the time not how^ever tiat a Roman ich was first lity but the tholocus the ly but a no^ eus. Atlii- r with rod* J thoic whu were around him. Fired with rage on this account Natholocnn rose agaiust the King, who seeing he could make no headway against Iuh enemy on account of the hatred which even his own domestics had against him, defitroyed himself. NatholocuH thou mounted the throne ; but he was a horrid tyrant and not being con- tented with ordering all the sons of the last King to be put to death caused his principle nobles also to be treacherously strangled. On* of his own household killed him as he was trying to rais) an army to protect himself agaiuBt his subjects, who too had many of thoxu risen against him. Tyranny is particularly hateful when it is evidenced ))y one who has been brought into notice by the sufferings which he him- self has endured at its hand. And whilst the conduct of Athircun to Natholocus' daughter cannot but rouse the indignation of nil virtuous minds, the cruelty of Natholocus himself on the other hand makes us feel anything but the same emotion when reading of bin assassination. The next usurper was Donald of the Isles, a powerful noblen^aii who had lordship under the King over the Hebrides in part or in whole. The Isles were always under the government of the Scot- tish kings (although the noble family that owned them was ex- ceedingly powerful) until the days of Donald Bane the brother of Malcolm III., of whom we will speak presently. But Donald Bane desirous to succeed his brother Malcolm made a present of the Isles to the king of Norway on condition that he would make him king or Scotland. In the days of Alexander III. how- ever, the king of Norway was defeated at the battle of Largs, and the government of the Scottish Isles came again to the King of Soots as at the first. The Lords of the Isles were always very powerful, and that so early in the history of Scotland that one of them, viz. Donald thr Islander, as we have already noticed, actually made himself tb« thirty third sovereign of Scotland. These Lords of the Islandti ore now represented by Lord MacDonald whose name is JlfocDon- ald to indicate his descent from the Donalds who so long lorded it in the Hebrides. The Islander after a time was killed by Crathilinthus, of the blood royal, who succeeded him and reigned peacefully for a season. In his reign however, a war arose between the Picts and Scots about a very trifling matter, which Buchanan fully notices, it would appear that whilst the King was hunting near the bounda- ries of the Picts, and on the Grampian mountains, he entertained all his fellow huntsmen from among the Picts most magnificently. But the Picts having stolen a favorite dog of his, and killed the keeper of his hounds in a scuffle which aroi^e in consequence of the theft, Scots and Picts rushed to arms against each other and several battles occasioning much bloodshed were the result. H.o>t 6 i t III' m\ I". I t.i often do tiie most friendly actions of men lead to unexpected quar- rels ! Behold too, how great a fire a small spark may kindle. It was very unkind in the Picts to return the King's hospitality with an act of mean and base ingratitude, still, the Scotti^ih king might have afforded to forgive such a trifling injury, and should have done so rather than involve his nation in most deplorable hostilities. War with the Romans calling for the united action of both Scots and Picts they were reconciled to each other by one Carausius after a time, and together gave their common enemy so much to do that Maximenius who commanded the llomau legions had personally to visit Scotland. After a time however, the Scots andPicts disagreed again, and the former having preferred another King to Romastus the heir of Crathilinthus who was a . relation of the king of the Picts, they took arms against each other. The Romans too, finding it was vain to contend with both Scots and Picts allied, helped on the strife between them and bribed the Picts with a promise of all Scotland to come to their side. Thus strengthened they assailed the Scots with novel success. The Scots under these circumstances fought with des- peration, so that any advantage gained over them was dearly paid tor. We find however, that in process of time they lost their king Eugenius on the battle field and were all but completely destroyed or dispersed. Among the fugitives were Ethodius bro- ther of Eugenius, along with his son Erthus, and his nephew Fergus. These fled to Norway and remained there in the ex- pectation that time would bring with it a change in their circum- stances. Here terminates, in our opinion, the first portion of Scottish History. We now enter upon Period 11. From Fergus 11. to Kenneth II., or from the reign of the fortieth King of Scotland to the reign of the seveniy-evghth. Fergus being full grown and very fond of a military life was in- vited back to Scotland by ambassadors from both Picts and Scots, the tyro nations having again been brought to think that it more became them to combine against the common foe, than to allow the Romans by means of double dealing to get them to destroy each other. The Romans top were now in a condition to be ef- fectually attacked, domestic discord having called their legions from Scotland, to other provinces of the empire nearer Rome. On arriving in Scotland, Fergus found exiles from all quarters leturamg to put themselves under his command, and even Danes, ready to lend him succour. Maximenius was now sent into Scot- land to command for Rome, and several bloody battles were fought, in one of which Fergus himself was killed. In the days of Fergus' Hon Eugenius, however, the Romans were soundly beaten, and the gallant Graemo hrnlcp fhrnnnrh tlmf woii wki*/.v. x^^a u^^^ u-m... uy them across the island, both as a menace and a defence. m )ected quar- lay kindle. hospitality iottish king and should deplorable the united each other ir common the Roman e however, ig preferred who was a . jainst each iwith both I them and me to their ;\ath novel with des- dearly jmid ■ lost their completely lodius bro- ils nephew in the ex- eir circum- of Scottish the reign of ekjhth. life was in- i and Scots, lat it more an to allow to destroy n to be ef- eir legions Rome, all quarters van Danes, ; into Scot- ere fought, of Fergus' •eaten, and nee* When the war with the Romans had terminated, it next broke out between the allied Picts and Scots and the British ; and these last being beaten, it next occurred between the allies themselves : and the result was, as shall be more fully noticed, that in the reign of Kenneth II. the sixty-seventh king of Scotland, the Picts were not only completely subdued, but nearly extirpated out of the Island. To return however to Eugonlus, son of Fergus II. It was in liis reign that Saint Patrick lived, who has to this day so great a name in Ireland^ and who did for that country, if its history may l)e credited, such marvellous things. Saint Patrick was a Scotch- man, and was born near Dumbarton. He was not a Papist, but a Christian who icnew nothing of Popish ceremonies. The Irish /generally, account him a native of their ov/n Island, but Buchanan and other veritable historians make no question of his having been a Scotchman. In the reign of Eugenius also, the Pelagian heresy made a noise. It is a heresy somewhat akin to what in our day is called Morisonianism, but still more fraught with error. It was in the reign of Kennatellus, the seventh king after Eu- genius, that Columba died. He was an Irishman, but did great things for Scotland ; he was preceptor to one of the Scottish kings, and a saint greatly admired for his piety and learning ; he founded ths College or Monastery of lona, an Island of Scotland, of which Dr. Johnson has written somewhat as follows : — «♦ That man's spirit is little to be envied whose patriotism would not grow wanner on the plains of Marathon, and whose piety would not be kindled amidst the ruins of lona." It may here be mentioned that af+er this period, if not before it, lona became the burying-place of che kings of Scotland ; also, that now was the time when Saint Augustine was sent to Britain by the Church of Rome to teach the ceremonies of anti-christian worship. It was in the reign of Achaius the sixty-third king of Scotland that a treaty was first entered into between the Scots and French. 'J'he French were then under the Government of Charlemagne. * one of the greatest of their kings. The Scots and French wero ever afterwards allies ; nor does it appear that they were other than hearty friends till close to the time when Scotland was to become part of the same king's dominions with England. It an- swered the French kings very well to be able to incite the Scots to attack England, when the English were making war upon France, and it as greatly accommodated the Scots to have an ally that could attack England on the South, when its kings were bent on sub- duing them. On account of the mutual advantages flowing from it, the treaty of alliance between the Scots and French was per- haps the best kept treaty that was ever made between two nations. a ^ We now oome again to the period of the final differences between the Picts and Scots. "War broke out between them, because of the ii: 10 ' il right, both by lavr and blood, "which Alpin king of Scots had to the Pictioh throne, as next heir of its former sovereigns. Alpin had to fight hard for victory over his enemies, and lost his life in seeking after it ; but in the days of Fergus II., (his son,) the Picts were entirely routed, and the authority of the king of Scots es- tablished over all Scotland. The stratagem which Fergus fell upon to incite his nobles to engage the Picts was a singular one. Finding them averse to wa/, though his father had been killed by the Picts, and bm-ning with desire to take revenge on those who had not only slain his father, but cut off his head and stuck it on a pole ; he assembled his nobles to a feast, and after entertaining them most sumptuously, preparin'g a hall for them to sleep in on beds of heather, he sent a person clothed in the skins of fish which had been dried in the wind, to stand at midnight among them, and suddenly through a tube to counsel them to arise and fight. Tlie unearthly sound of this man's voice having caused the half drunk and drowsy nobles to rub their eyes and look about them, it may be imagined how much they were amazed on perceiving that the garments of tl)e speaker seemed to glow with tire ; they felt as though a messenger lirom some other world had been sent among them, and as the speaker contrived suddenly to escape by a concealed passage, they continued of this persuasion, until meeting the king in the mor- ning they were confirmed in it for ever, by his telling them that he too had had a singular dream which thoroughly accorded with their vision. To it then these nobles went and fought the Picts, until as I have before intimated, the Scottish flag floated over every castle of the Pictp, and that race which had so long been powerful was almost exterminated in Scolland* We now have arrived at Period III. of Scottish History, viz. : The Period contained be- tween the reign of Kenneth II, and tJie death of Alexander III. Kenneth II. (MacAlpin^ having as we have noticed de- prived the Picts of all power any more to disturb the peace of hi* people, there came a new enemy to Scotland in the days of his sou Constantine II., in the shape of the Danes, who contending with Constantino, defeated him near Crail, in Fifeshire, and afterwards killed him in a cave there, which has been shewn to the writer of these historical notices as the place of the slaughter of that mo- narch. Constantino's remains were afterwards buried in lona. The Danes fought many battles with the Scots, but finally wcro obliged to depart. We now pass over the uninteresting reigns of nine Sovcreigni and arrive at that of Kenneth III., who was the eleventh in ruc» cesflion from Kenneth II., and the seventy-eighth king of Scotland. Thia man's reign is memorable on account of his having done tW9 11 f Scots had to reigns. Alpin lost his life in son,) the Pict* ng of Scots es- } his nobles to L averse to wa?, bm-ning with ain his father, bled his nobles isly, preparin'g scut a person a the wind, to •ugh a tube to sound of this wsy nobles to imagined how rments of t!)o ;h a messenger Q, and as the I passage, they ig in the mor- ling them that accorded with ight the Picts, g floated over &o long been 1 contained be- mder III. 2 noticed de- le peace of hi$ days of his sou itending with and afterwardi to the writer ter of that mo- iried in lona. t 6nally wero ine Sovereign* iventh in sue* ig of Scotland, iving done two things in order to insure his eon Malcolm's succeeding him. First ; He got the law regarding the succession that had been made moris than 1200 years before his day, viz. on the death of Fergus 1., set aside ; and 2dly : He poisoned another Malcolm in a most secret way, because he thought the people were more likely to choose him than his own son Malcolm to be king after his death. Trouble arose in the succession which Kenneth had not anticipated, but which the Lord evidently ordered to teach men that treachery and cruelty are not the things whereby to consolidate successions, but rather the reverse. , , Malcolm had trouble in gaining the throne from tne usurpation of one he had not feared ; and after having subdued this person was slain in battle, and died without leaving a son. He left how- ever two daughters, the one of whom was the mother of Duncan, who succeeded him, and the other of whom was mother of thai Macbeth who slew this Duncan. . The story of MacBeth is well known. Meeting one day with three Ti-itches who saluted him respectively : «• Hail MacBeth, Thane of Angus," "Hail MacBeth, Thane of Cawdor," and •♦Hail MacBeth, King of Scotland," and becoming very soon afterwards Thane of Angus and Cawdor, he began to conceive that he probably also would to be king of Scotland. Allowing this thought to work upon his mind, and being instigated by his wife, who was woman of fierce disposition, to take steps to seize the throne without delay, he went one night (a stormy, dreadful night) into the king's bed-chamber, after having drugged his guards with wine ; and -vrhilst the miserable monarch slept, stabbed him to the heart, afterwards besmeariag the faces of his sleeping guards with their master's blood. Next morning when the king's nobles had gathered together and found that their sovereign did not appear at his usual hour, MacBeth professing to be as much.8urj)rised as any of them, ran up to his chamber, and seeing him apparently killed by his own guards, murdered them before they could de- clare their innocence, and so it was, managed to obtain the throne and to be king of Scotland, as one of the witches had said. A throne thus obtained could not be occupied with comfort, and MacBeth felt this after occupying it for a season. Being desirous to build for himself a magnificent castle at Dunsinnane, he or- dered his nobility to drive stones for ita erection, and among others who deemed it 12 ijii Bunsmnane to Fife, and getting into his castle, which stood upon the sea shore, cauged its gates to be locked, and then entered a boat and sailed across the Forth. MacBeth on hearing of his departme. immediately set out in pursuit of him, but did not arrive to con- front any but the wife of the Thane, who pointing from her castle walls to the httlo vessel that carried her husband far away upon the sea, said : " Do you see yonder white sail ? Yonder goes Mac- JJutt to the throne of England, and you will never see him again until he comes to put Malcolm Caenmore on the throne." Mal- colm Caenmore, of whom she spoke, was the son of Dtlncan, and had fled to England on the occasion of his father's death. This young man was much esteemed in England, and married there t the heiress of the Saxon kings. His wife would have been Queen Of Jingland haa not the Danes (who in their turn were subdued by the Normans) invaded that Kingdom and deprived the Saxons of their regal power. Malcolm on MacDuft's arrival felt himself re- intorced, and being otherwise assisted, bent his steps with an army to recover his father's dominions. Soon he came to Burnam wood, concerning which the witches had spoken, and about which there was a rhyme : " Till Burnam Wood come to Dunsinnane, T he great Macbeth Hlmll ne'er be Blain" Finding himself when there, only a few miles from MacBeth's castle, he was elated with the hope of victory; and each of his soldiers participating in the feeling cut and carried a branch of a tree along with him on going to encounter the tyi-ant. MacBeth having been told by his noblemen that there seemed to be a wood advancing against his castle immediately knew that his time was come. But being determined to sell his life as dearly as possible was found among the slain at the close of the engagement. Malcolm Caenmore was thus established on the Scottish throire and reigned with great success until his death. Donald Bane was brother of Malcolm and being desirous to succeed him bar- gained with the king of Norway that if he would help him to seize the throne of Scotland the king of Norway should he lord of the isies. Ihis infamous agreement terminated in the elevation ot Donald to the throne and the alienation from the throne of Scot- land lor several generations of the Western Isles. Donald Banc however, was not allowed to hold the throne long without being raoIested» and his successor was Malcolm's son, not his own. Four Malcolm s sons in succession (one of whom was illegitimate) succeeded Donald, none however but the fourth who was named David, (now known as David the first) had children. This David was a very much loved and excellent Prince, and enlarged the dominions of the Scottish TriTi»flhvtTiot.,.,r,>„« a v*^„ -x-?t-_ Duke of Northumberland, who was also a great grandson of Wil- liam the Conqueror, by whom he obtained Northumberland and 13 jh stood upon entered a boat lis departure, irrive to con- om her castle r away upon ler goes Mac- e him again one." Mal- Btincan, and death. This Tied there t 3 been Queen i subdued by le Saxons of t himself re- sps with an e to Bur nam about which u MacBeth'a each of his L branch of a t. MacEeth to be a wood his time was y as possible aent. )ttish thromj )onald Bane ed him bar- lelp him to d be lord of le elevation one of Scot- )onald Banc thout being own. Four llegitimate) I was named dren. This nd enlarged ,.V.*-_ _^ A-u _ gUtCX UX lilU son of Wil- berland and Huntingdon as a dowry. For these last two places he had of course to do homage to the king of England, just as the king of England had to do homage to the king of France for the property he owned in France. David's doing homage for these two pro- vinces hns made some assert that the kings of Scotland were but vassals of the king of England. But David did not do homage either for Scotland or as the king of Scotland, he only did homage for part of England, and that as the husband of a subject of Eng- land's king. King David had a son named Henry who gave the most bril- liant promise of being an excellent monarch, but it pleased the Lord to remove him from among men before his father's death. In these circumstances, David when he found his own end draw near, divided his property, so as to give his eldest grand-child by Henry the right of succession ; the next, Northumberland ; and the third, Huntingdon. Consequently when he died, Henry's children were known as Malcolm the Fourth, William^ JSarl of Northum- berland, and David, Earl of Huntingdon. Malcolm IV. was a very weak and effeminate king and allowed Henry of England to dupe his brother out of Northumberland and to make himself do homage for the throne of Scotland. He allowed him also to take him over to France to appear as an enemy of the king of that Country, who was the hereditary ally cf the Scots. All these things had a tendency to make Malcolm's subjects weary of his government, but all attempts at rebellion were quashed and Malcolm ruled during all his days. Somerlid the Thane of Argyle gave much disturbance at this time, for having married the daugh- ter of the king of Mann, he aspired to be a king himself ; but Gilchrist, Earl of Angus, defeated the unruly Thane and made him ultimately keep within the bounds o^" propriety. From this Som- erlid, some of the noble families of the present day in Scotland derive descent, if the leaves of the peerage are to be depended on. Malcolm's successor was his brother William, for Malcolm had a professedly religious dread of matrimony (though he had illi** gitimate issue) and never married. William is best known under the designation William the Lion, which designation was most probably given to him on account of his wearing the figure of a lion rampant upon his shield, which is to this day the escutcheon of the Scottish kings. William was a much braver man tnan his brother, and therefore fought with Heiury the King of England in order to recover Northumberland. In an engagement entered on at Alnwick with this view, he was taken prisoner, and his own dominions invaded h^' his captor ; for Henry deemed the junc- ture favourable to hn :signs upon Cumberland. The army of Henry however was beat by Gilahristj Earl of An^ua the same Earl who had both quelled Somerlid, and quieted the rebellions against Malcolm. This man was married tc -he king's sister, but 14 lii, \% ill Inspecting her of infidelity, murdered her. This led to his being disgraced by William, notwithstanding his suppressing a rebellion in Galloway ; but his future victory over Donald iJane so filled the nation with admiration of him that he was fully re-established in the king's favour. William was restored to the Scots on spe- cial conditions ; as for example, the surrender of certain of their castles. These however were afterwards given back by the generous C and con f heart t( * Africa, H\iBX coi is said before 1 I !\ n y affront, and I, to plead his :eign) against er distressing •tland refused into alliance )rth, as might ' such castles These being shire, Balliol Idward, who sent him to lis obscurity, lueh vcitories vill ever be Ikirk, owing d to be com- limself from iotism. Ed- all the peo- '^allace only. English, one I blood upon )wn blood r" lomyu (com- rl of Hunt- ;e. Comyn, )k advantage ? of England se of which, wrong way, Scotland, tspatches of is kinsman 'as, Cummin ed his own bbed him in time Bruce him coming '^ pale, asked have killed 1 a doubtful speaking, he )letely Blain. ire descend- ratiouof this event : and from him also derived descent, Eugenie, the present Empress of Prance. - It was now that Wallace was betrayed by Sir John Monteath, • his own particular friend, and carried to England, where he was fiiHt ♦crowned in derision in Westminster Hall, and then quartered. Bruce finding that it now preeminently devolved on him to assert *the rights of his country, vainly strove in many ways to make head against the enemy. His exploits are most romantically narrated by historians. At last, having been instigated by the example of n ispider, which, when lying one day in a humble shelter he observod .make a seventh effort to swing itself over a beam on the ceiling, after having failed in its efforts to do so six times ; he muK- •tered an army, capable of sustaining the assaults of any adversary, .and at Bannockburn gained a memorable and complete victory ♦over King Edward the Second. Edward fled to Dunbar Captlo, in which there then resided Patrick Dunbar, Earl of Dunbar and March, who had married an aunt of Bruce, but who being himself descended from King William the Lion, claimed th*- throne as well as Bruce. By Dunbar he was kindly received and Bent off in a skiff, which bore him safely to his own dominions. Having thus cleared Scotland of the foe, Bruce next carried war against the English into Ireland. There his brother Edward wag declared king, and triumphed again and again over his opponents, Finally however he was slain at the battle of Dundalk, which ter- -minated the Scotch ^progress. Whilst Robert was in Ireland, the English again attempted to ' invade Scotland, but Douglas with 20,000 horse entering England , i gave them enough to do to keep their own northern provinces. . Robert Bruce married first a daughter of Donald, Earl of Marr. - but by her had only one daughter named Marjory, who married Walter, the Lord High Steward of Scotland. By his second mar- ■ rmge with the Earl of Ulster's daughter, Robert had a son, David. ■^ It was resolved by the king that on his death, David should succeed him, and failing issue of David, that the throne should revert to Marjory's son. * In order it is supposed that the good Sir James Douglas who had proved so valiant and faithful a follower, and had consequently gain- ed great ascendancy over the public mind ,might be out of the' way shortly after his death, Robert got him to promise to carry his heart to the Holy Land in a casket, there to bear it to battle against . the Saracens. Sir James felt this commission a great honour, rand consequently on the death of his friend, left Britain with hi« ' heart to proceed to Palestine. But finding the Saracens from ^Africa, commonly called Moors, had invaded Spain, he landed on -that continent, and died fighting most valiantlv asainst them. It IS said that finding he must be slain, he threw Bruce's heart before him, and rushing to regain it, fell in the midst of hi» 18 enemies. The heart of Bruce was afterwards brought home by one Lockhurd, who changed his name to l^ockhart ; and wo find tlie motto of the Lockharts to this day, ««corda serrata fero," I carry locked hearts. Kobert died and was biiried in Dunfermline, in 1329, having reigned twenty three years. A story is told of his ouce having offended his nobles by asking them to produce their pa- tents of nobility, and of hisorderingLord Brechin and certain others to be executed for daring in answer merely to cj^hibit their swordH. David II. The reign of David II. who succeeded his father, Robert Bruce, was exceedingly disturbed, Edward BuUiol, son of John, having resolved to set up his claims to the kingdom. David being a minor, llaudolph (Bruce's nephew,) was regent, and ruled most justly, but was poisoned by a monk, who had acquainted Edward of Eng- land that his (Randolph's) death would soon happen. This occur- red when David was ten years old. The Earl of Marr, nepheAV to Robert Bruce, was made next regent; but on the same day that he was elected, Edward Balliol arrived in the firth of Forth with his fleet. (21st July.) It was one Lawrence TAvii»e, Avho had been punished for licentiousness in Scotland, and had in consequence fled to France where Balliol Mas, that induced him to come over. Balliol landed at Ivingborn and was supported by David Cummin, (formerly Earl of AthoU,) also by Mowbray, Beaumont, and English auxiliaries, under Talbot. Near Kingbom, Alexander Seton gave him battle, but was defeated. His next en- uagement was at Dupplin, where he defeated Marr, supported by Randolph Earl of Moray, Bruce Earl of Carrick, Murdoch Earl of Monteith, and Alexander Frazer. 3,000 Scots were here slain, among whom were Alexander the chief of the Lindsays, with SO of his name ; all the Hays that were then born ; as also Ran- dolph, Bruce, and Monteith. MacDulf too was taken prisoner and forced to defend Perth for his captors. In these cirt-umstances the Scots next appointed Sir Andrew Moray, of Bothwell, (Robert Bruce's sister's son,") regent, shortly after which they retook Perth, and sending MacDuff toKildrummie Castle, engaged and beat Balliol at Moffat. Archibald Douglas, brother of the Bruce's friend, fought for them at this battle, as also, \Vili:am Douglas, the knight of Liddesdale, John, son of Thomas Randolph, and Simon Frazer. Here, Mowbray, Walter Cummin, and Richard Kirkby fell on the side of Balliol: this engagement happened A. D. 1332. Jialliol was next assailed by Moray and defeated at Roxburgli, but Edward now coming to his assistance, the scales were again turned in favor of the invader. A frightful story of treachery is told in connection with Edward UI.'s proceedings at Berwick vornor liad given his tAvo &ons as hostages in pledge of surrenderiu;,' the Cafi hearing tie, bro to deatl der susi find the the trea Hill, a which 1 ties in S fell no 1 three o daughtc IDarrick Was one party. the ene] the Loe! to inun fender jcausing laltogeth J Havii J3alliol 1 »Jand. S( but as t ^li story, icestor ( linstruni .his cou] fRobert 'ibye Cur gprofesse( -with, bi ,liandolp »ow att{ 'them to was coi for his Sir And •desdale, It was at i^ruce's .Montagi father.) '} That} Bine yea 19 ught home by ; and wo find errata I'ero," I Dunfermline, y is told Qi' his duce their pa- certain others t their B-wordu. Robert Bruce, John, having being a minor, 1 most justly, Iward ol" Eng- . Thisoccur- Vlarr, nephew on the same 1 in the firth ^^rencc Twir»e, and, and had that induced was supported by Mowbray, rear Kingborn, His next en- , supported by Murdoch Earl i^ere here slain, jindsays, with ; as also Ran- aken prisoner cin'umstanceB hwell, (Robert 1 they retook ;, engaged and of the J3ruce'» n Douglas, the ph, and Simon ichard Kirkbv 3d A. D. 1332. at Koxburgli, des were again >f treachery i;* gs at Berwick 3tons The <£0- )f surrcnderii)^' the Castle if he did not get help before a certain day, but Edward hearing that Douglas was marching to the relief of the Cas- tle, brought out Sir Alexander's sons and threatened to put thein to death if the Castle was not surrendered at once. Sir Alexan- der sustained by his wife's brave counsel, refused to surrender, «nd the base king accordingly despatched his children. This done,' the treacherous man proceeded to engage the Douglas at Hallidon llill, and having altogether defeated him, returned to Berwick, which now surrendered ta him, and one by one took all the Cas- tles in Scotland except four. At the battle of Hallidon Hill there fell no less than 14,000 Scots, among whom were Douglas himself three of king Robert II.'s uncles, Hugh Earl of Ross, (whose daughter Robert II. married,) Kenneth Sutherland, Bruce Earl cf CJarnck, and three brothers of the name cf Frazer. Eochleven Svas one of the Castles that would not surrender to the Balliol party. A siege was therefore contrived against it. But the the enemy having dammed up the river Eeven, which flows from the lioeh, (in which on an Island, the Castle stands,^ with a view to inundate or submerge the Castle ; Sir Henry Douglas, the de- lender took them by surprise, boring their embankment and f^ausing the waters of the, lake to give them a salutation which laltogether damped their zeal. ] Having obtained such successes in Scotland, Edward III carried Balliol to England and left David Cummin in command of Scot- Jand. Scotland had seldom or never been more thoroughly reduced • but as there had appeared a Wallace at one point °of its adverse >Jnstory, and a Bruce at another, so now. Sir Colin Campbell, au- scestor of the present noble family of Argvll, was lound an iinstrument in the hand of I'rovidence, once more to rallv .his countrymen and drive out the English. Associated with aiobert Stuart, Campbell seized Dunoon Castle, and by and jbye Cummin was both routed and taken prisoner. Cummin now professed to side with Bruce's party, and so was very lightly dealt .with, but Edward returning, he reverted again to his old master. ' ,*anclolph, with Patrick, Earl of March, and Douglas of Liddesdale #ow attacked the Flemings in the service of the enemy and put 'them to the rout. Perth was retaken by Edward, but that Prince was compelled to retire from Scotland for want of provisions Jor his army. Cummin was now beat by Patrick Earl of March, bir Andrew Moray and Douglas, (called the black knight of Lid- •^esclaJe,) near Kildrummie ; whereupon Moray was made Regent, it was at this time that Black Agnes, daughter of the great Randolph, ^ruce s Iriend, defended her Castle of Dunbar so valiantlv against .Montague, (as Sir Walter Scott relates in his Tales of a crand- -iather.) In 1342 the English only had Berwick in all Scotland. ^. _£ „„,, r^ciOica to ilia t;uiiiiiry aiier an aDsence ul rBine years. One of his first acts was to reward the gallant Sir 20 111 Alexander Ramsay witli Teviotdale ; this however, "vraSBO offensive to the black knight of Liddesdale that he shortly aftcrwnrdR slew Kamsay. David was a brave prince, and exhibited his valor by going again and again into England with armies. But at the i)attle of Durham being taken prisoner he was kept in cap- tivity for eleven years. A great part of Scotland once more fell into the hands of the English. Jiut the Earls of Angus and March recovered it, and finally Balliol sold bis interest in the suc- cession to the throne, to king Edward for 6,000 marks and a pension of £2,000 a vear. The English now tried by force to obtain Scot- land for thejr King, but failed. David was ransomed at the time we have stated, but did not achieve anything splendid afterwards. He gave immense sums to the Papists and was therefore termed a «« sair saint for the crown." The principal thing told of him after his restoration was that he tried to get his nobles to appoint kinp Edward his heii. This however, to their honor be it told, thcj would not do on any account. David died, aged 47 years, after a reign of 39. Eobeut II. He was succeeded by his nephcAv, or rather step-nephew, Robert Stuart, son of Marjory, only child of the great Robert Bruce by hig first wife, (a daughter of the Earl of Marr.) Marjory had married the eighth Lord High Steward of Scotland, (Walter,) and con- sequently her son's name was Steward, or Stuart. Robert therefore has been properly called the first of the Stuarts. Robert was usually victorious on the field, but never appcarinp there, except by deputy, has been suspected of cowardice. It was with him and the king of England, as it was with Asa and Baasha in the days of old, there was war between them all the days of their life, Hence his reign is principally remarkable for battles won by the Douglasses and Earls of Moray against the Southrons. The most distinguished engagement of this reign, is that celebrated in the well known ballad «< Chevy Chase." This battle was fought at Otter- burne, in Northumberlandshire, between Douglas and Hotspur, the former having only 5,000 men, and the h. r;r 10,^00. The incident that led to it was a tilting mateli i ■ ihe tw leaders had had farther south, in which Dov^^; .' uau unhorsed Hotspur and borne off his spear, declaring that he would carry il to Scotland. Hotspur said that he should never do so. Doug- las however bore it as far as Otterburne, and not finding Hotspur ndvancing, waited a few days to see if he would dare to folloT» him, }.n lue time Hotspur appeared, and the battle began and raged vii;i ^irpl-ated fury all night, it being a night of full moon. " A dead .1} mglas won the field ;" for it was found after the Eng- lish were routed that the Jeader of the Scots had fallen. To compensate for the loss of Douglas, tlie two Pcrcics were taken yriflonc uly. 1 llie fair Robt daught marria; him. we saw kingdo fifterwa "Who b( Hen fen Bur hail jBadeno '.v'' Geor jLady y iecond awful e earn, v, Atholl. the Ca: account given h of Fife April, ] As w John, b assumec after hij disturbc |his rei; ticularl^ the kinj Korth Ii ^ Perth! to its pr had oiil; Chattan Camero: Hbatants 3ed to tl Ibusht,' t An ac l^iarch, ; lusowii <\ s^^#»#^l'^ 11 irasRO offensive iftcrwnrdH slew 3d his valor by I. But at the kept in cap- nd once more of Angus and ireBtin the sue - R and a pension to obtain Scot- led at the time did afterwords, efore termed o old of him after to appoint kinp be it told, the) 7 years, after a lephew, Robert rt Bruce by his >ry had married Iter,) and con- lobert therefore ever appcarinf; nrdice. It was aandBaasbain ays of their life, les won by the ins. The most atedin thewcll tught at Otter- I and Hotspur, ^^SM. The the Uy liaii unhorsed would carry it do so. Doug- nding Hotspur dare to folloT? ttle began and it of full moon, after the Eng- ad fallen. 'I'u ies were taken pr isoncrfl, one of them being wounded. This battle was fought 2 Ist July, i;J88. It was from a natural son of tluH great Douglas that llifc family of the Marquis of Quecusberry descended. Robert the Second was twice married, fir^t to Elizabeth Mure daughter of Sir Adam Mure, of Kowullan, by whom, prior to his Jiarnage, it is asserted, ho had had the family which she bore him. He >=econdly married a daughter of Hugh, Earl of Ross, who we saw lell in battle when Edward Balliol was contending for the kingdom. Robert's children by Elizabeth Mure were John, who f fterwardn succeeded him, (changing his name to Robert ;) Robert Who became Duke of Albany, and (by marrying the Countess of Monteith,) iJarl Monteith ; Alexander wlio was created Earl of Burhan, and is famous under the sobriquet of the Wolf of Badeuocii ; xMary who married John Dunbar, Earl of Moray son of George, Earl of March and Moray ; Jane, Lady Lyon, afterwards Lady bundilands ; and Elizabeth, Lady Hay of Erroll. By his •econd marriage he had two sons, Walter, Earl of Atholl, of whose twlul end wo shall hereafter read ; and David. Earl of Strath- earn, whose posterity wore deeply implicated in the tragedy of Atholl. Ihe Wolf of Badenochis famous for having destroyed the Cathedral of Elgin, and burnt the town of Forres, on account ot rage against the bishop of Moray, who had somehow *^i^!?,. '^"^ ofience. The king becoming superannuated, the Earl ot file was appointed regent. Robert II. died aged 74. I9th April, 1390, in Dundonald Castle. ^ ' Robert III. _ As we before remarked, the eldest son of Robert II. was named John, but conceiving the name Robert to be more fortunate, he Assumed it, and is therefore usually designated Robert III. Shortly after his succession, a son of his brother the Wolf of Badenoch. disturbed his peace. The nobles generally were troublesome in Jhis reign, and the Clans of Chattan and Key, or Cameron, par- ticularly so. To settle the implacable hatred of these two clans, ^e king appointed thirty men of each to fight before him on the Forth Inch of Perth, which accordingly they did, Henry Wynd f. ±;erthshire saddler making up the number of the Clan Cameron to its proper amount. After most fiendish fighting the Camerons r^^i!r.T^^'\^ ""^"^ ^^^*' ^^° ^»^ ^^ite unharmed, whilst the Clan Ctiattan had ten men all wounded. In this dilemma the surviving Cameron lept into theTay and swam across, none of the other com- batants being able to pursue him. Henry Wynd's adventure has €ed to the saying, - he comes in for his 'ain hand as Henry Wynd fought. Henry escaped wholly unhurt. V^'i* ?^/"J««tice on the part of the king to George, Earl of arch, led to a bloodv civil wnr t>.o ir,-»,« v,^^ „~„^ *„ i^. lu« own eldest son David marry George's daughter, and had taken k 'U I 22 . were taken prisoners. This battle happened AD ^' 401 P ^ ' ^t^s::-:;st^'^-' - ^^- sfdt^;;t^ .^s 1 mlTworfMr* grief of king Robert III. that his son David wa, ™n '•' o"r:;f"?;'''' -^^^ ™"^^y^^ through rchti?i';\'rprto'; .^s ifcroulc ho } '#ied u Alban; lions })i Jhall s< these 1 •look fr 4l^state IheDii tobesh to be le Beside; toan. %ere n |he gra land, Rf tent of inan's : tried tc fain. ^ssinal Hating! from ll< "ivherea and wa doubtk verned The 1 and had t€ry, at King, ( ©<>n»pirj it I \L£3p '3^iiaEfi ! M ^ 23 t afterwards pre- and refusing to 1st the king and much mischief. , and at the battle :)ray, and Angus, D., 1401. Percy not been recalled %ould obey. And being as good as his word he bargained ?«uc« ^ssfuUy for the King's restoration. James I. I is son David was )t knowing how I him to the care is noblemen was were out of the 3f ascending the d Palace, (where inger. In these only for a vdry mght him what ik in his prisoli i food from her rishment could found starved imbers. 3 was filled with to send him to 'lations. James ? of France, but, being stranded d of the Earl of I. The news of Kobcrt's death, i heart, having g a prisoner in e governor of tsles contended tied to. This 3h there was a im, not only as )ch's sons, like xcessively de- ^ of conniving =!pair of ruling r that they all j The English had educated James highly, thereby making som« imends for their having imprisoned him. Whatever he had learned iowever, he does not seem to have acquired the blessing of a grate- Jil heart, for soon after his return to Scotland, he caused his uncl»> Murdocli (who had got him restored) with both of his sons, and ^e EarLol Lennox, his father-in-law, to be put to death. Th'-n yas a sweeping measure, but it tended ultimately to the King's d^-n murder, for his step-uncle, the Earl of Atholl, conceiving m^t now there was almost none but James between him and tho #rone conspired with others, as will be seen, to despatch him too. How marked is the overruling Providence of God ! James' father . Jrho had tampered with the feelings of Lord March's daughter «ied ultimately himself of a broken heart; and Robert Duke of Albany, who had starved his neph«w, had his own son and grand- Ions j)ut to death by that nephew's brother. James also, as we Jhall see, was murdered almost in consequence of his slaughter of these relations. James was very severe on riotous nobility. He took from the sou of the Earl of March who had rebelled, th» Estate which had been conferred on him afresh after forfeiture, bv tbe Duke of Albany ; and oneMacDonald, who had caused a widow to be shod like a horse, with iron shoes nailed on her feet, he ordered to be led three days round the city similarly shod and then executed Besides this he hanged twelve of the associates of this horrible toan. His severities with the nobles did not end with those wlio %-ere not his relations ; he took the title of Strathearn away from |he grandson of his own uncle, when the young man was in Eng- land, as a hostage for his own restoration, because, (he said,) the pa- tent of nobihty had been only granted to heirs male. This younjr toan s name was Meliss Graham. He had an uncle Robert, who fried to get redress, but was denied all and outlawed to the bar- fain. Robert therefore, conspired with the Earl of Atholl to as- Jlissmate the King, No doubt they had more than one reason for Bating him. Meliss Graham and the Earl of Atholl had descended ft-om Robert II. by his second marriage, and that after wedlock, whereas Robert III. James' father had been by the first marriage nnd was born before wedlock. Robert Graham therefore would doubt ess have preferred being governed by Atholl to being go- ^^'^^ T??^ "'^^' a"^l -Atholl to be a king rather than a subject. Ihe King was made aAvare that enemies desired to murder him and had consequently disbanded his army and gone into a monas- tery, at Perth. It was there the deed was done. A servant of th« King, (John by name,) had been brought into the vlot of the conspirators and served them much by removing the 'bolt of th» u^ 24 M m ^H«i Chamber door on the day intended for hia murder. When vav l^n t?"^ ''""" appointed by the ruffians, they forced thek ZfL ^ the room where the King was without much difficulty «taple7whiS^^^^ Dougjasran her arm through the Sss Herarm?.'''^'''''^l'?*"^f'^ ^« prevent" their ToP 1* ^ v^if'"^, y^^ ^°° ^'^^^®» by the pressure from without James had hidden himself in a concealed passage before th^ylntered* reLT 'n '' " ii;'^^"^ '° ^'' ^«°«^ ^ second^ime he wL S: rrbAf iLT^'l not escape through the concealed pathvvay, har- Zed a« hirrif"'' ^^^r^.tl^l^ight in question, ordered i^t to be hv f^f V^ horribly performed, the assassins not being affected by the brave conduct of the Queen, who threw herself between them and her husband. But if James perished SUlv stiU moreao did Atholl and Robert Graham : for the poScfwe o infuriated by the loss of their king that they swung^AthoU up and .t3iraSd^ f ''^^^^^ by theteck withLt alloltnSo bt itrangled, and then crowned him with a red hot crown havin-^ on It the words " King of Traitors." afterwards they d^Lmbowelled him, throwing his bowels, and ultimately his heart into a Ike wlthl-^V' T'-.,^^^"^* ^^^^^"^ ^vas driven through the c[[y with his hand nailed to a scaffold, whilst men with hot rods wer?^ ' mo"U7:llTr"T^^^^^^^^ Sir W/Scottl'tt^^^^^^^^^ •' Robert Graham who slew our Kine God give him shame." It is interesting to notice that this Graham was of the sam^ house that afterwards gave birth at different plrTods to J^^es Graham, the warlike Montrose ; James Graham" the bbodv Sa verhouse ; and James Graham, the present baronet ot'Netherby tie m^rrab?e'errj..''?f^'' *^'^^ ^^^^^^ '' ^^^ ^ Scotlandii me memorable era of the disruption. As however we ought to rln i»a gnea to Seotlaud before k ng James' reien the »all„„» s"o?Momfr "" """• ^""'^ """^^ '" """ "p"-"'" Ky «;: James II, f'.If*T^?• -^®'°/ ^®^* ^ °^^"<'^' the management of the kinr^dom wiVlw^! ?S^' ^^ Livingstone and Cricliton, the f rst ot whoS was appointed Regent, and the second Chancellor Lord Dmi^Z Elfn rtempt""Th?"^^1^^ ^^^^^^^^ and\eM IfsHw^ ^n,i ;«o? ^'^f t^^Pt- ^ his greatly embarrassed and annoved them i"n.-?:rrPcXrotr- r J^fitlZ!'!^^^ '^^^^^ - — .- — >,— ^ i«»it>uu.ivu uu mutual 25 murder. When ley forced their much difficulty, irm through the to prevent their e from without, ore they entered, he was disco< I pathway, hav- ordered it to be nis. Theniur- : being affected lierself between miserably, still )pulace were so ? AthoU up and >wing him to be own having on disembowelled wt into a tire tirough the city 1 hot rods were Jott notices that on this man, as of the same ■iods to James lie bloody Cla- t of Netherby, in Scotland at we ought to do e same family ». the gallant 2ted with the esented by the the kingdom first of whom Lord Douglas Jld these two nnoyed them, I they would mutual Li UU feeling so strongly as jealousy. At one time when they were openlr »t variance the king was stolen from Crichton in rather an amusing ff&j. Crichton had him under his care in Edinburgh Castle, Whilst his mother, the Queen Dowager, resided with her friend, ^.ivmgstone at Stirling Castle. The queen being naturally anxiou» |o have James with her, proposed a visit to Crichton, and came apparently with no design but that of seeing her son and paving a tiying visit to the Chancellor. Having however instructed James now to act his part, and told Crichton she would have to leave one morning early, in order to return to Stirling, she departed long Detore the Castle was to any extent astir, (Chricton's servants help- ing ^er With her luggage, among which was a large box, ) on her way ui' il" ^^^' quickly embarked and proceeded on her voyage lip the hrth of Forth ; and it would appear she had proceeded too far on her way to be pursued before Crichton discovered that the king was a missing. James had been safely stowed away by his mother m the large box which we have noticed, and with her in course of time landed at Stirling Castle. The king was when older, recovered by Crichton, who lay ^^'^^^^r^^ ^"^ "^'^^^ ^ ^°^y «^ ^^^ ^» the woods, near Stirling, which he, very frequently, with but few attendants, was in tne habit of hunting in. Livingstone now felt himself out- clone, and having previously thrown the Queen Dowager with her second husband, (James Stuart of Lome,) into confinement, was glad to make o vertures of friendship to the Chancellor. These two men haying from policy become friends, next turned their arts against William, sixth Earl of Douglas Duke of Tourane, a young man still vainer than his father, and possessed of such power Z was too great for any regent to endure. Having asked him to pay them a visit at Edinburgh Castle, which he very simply did, they put a bull's head down at table before him', a well known sign that death was intended. Young Douglas started at the sight and rose from his chair, but being iramediatelv seized and carried to the Castle court, he was there dispatched iii the most treacherous manner ; his brother and a friend were slain along with him, the king all the while shedding tears. Douglas' euccessor in course of time got Livingstone imprisoned and his son James executed. But this was a severer reign for the Douglasses tnan lor their opponents, for James being enraged at a league wliich another Douglas had entered into by oath with Crawford and lloss, (two ot the most powerful Earls of the kingdom,) enacted over again the treachery at which he had wept in former years. For asking ^ougias to Stirling Castle in the most friendly way, and enter- taining him there like a prince, he stabbed him before the time for retiring to rest had come, because he would not Tjromise to break his league with Koss and Crawford. The kin« is faid to have «»€a mese word, whilst striking his dagger into his guest's breast, 26 s'l I .',,'1 *i "If thou wilt not break it, I will." This was a featfal deed to do under any circumstance, bat particuJarly after having pro- mised safe passage. Eight years after this the king himself ais suddenly and unexpectedly, and through the instrumentality of what he too had had only ground for expecting protection from, was summoned beforo his God. Having taken the Castle of Rox- burgh from the English, and resolved on demolishing it, he was superintending the artillery engaged in directing cannon against it. In these circumstances it so happened that one of the cannons burst, and a fragment striking the king alone, laid him instantly dead. The night of Douglas' pleasure could not have been more completely turned into pain ta him than the period of James' victory into a period of humiliation. His death is not without its moral in the eyes of those who see that there is a God that reigneth over the kingdoms of men. James III. James II. was succeeded by his son James, the youngest survivor of twins, who was declared king when only seven years old. He had two brothers, John and Alexander, and two sisters. In this reign lived James Kennedy, archbishop of St. Andrews, whom Buchanan extols to the acme for his prudence and munificence. He on account alike of his position, prudence, and near relationship to the royal family, had for a time, the principal iniauence in Scot- land, bnt James allowing himself to be led away from his friends by the Boyds of Kilmarnock, and to be guided'by their counsel, they for a considerable time, were paramount. James was a timid, sus- picious, superstitious, cruel and avaricious young man, and had a remarkable taste for low society. Although the Eoyds had been Viery kind to him, and he had given one of them his sister in mar- rage, creating him also Earl of Arran, he allowed their enemies, and at the very time that the Earl was at the Court of Denmark, bringing home his Queen, so to alienate his affections from them that he suffered the Earl's father to be executed, and necessitated the Earl's dying in exile. Moreover, before his death, James took his wife from him and gave her in marriage to Sir James Hamil- ton, of Cadzow, ancestorof the Dukes of Hamilton, who obtained »t the same time the forfeited title of the Earl of Arran. James after this, allowing some one by silly stories, to make him be- lieve his own brothers would ruin him, put John (Earl of Marr) to death by opening a vein, and would probably have despatched Alexander in a similar fashion, had he not by letting himself over the wall of Edinburgh Castle by ropes escaped with his servant to a vessel in the roadstead, which bore him to his castle of Dunbnr. from which he took shin to a foreien land. JJecoming now enamoured of a stone mason named Cochrane, a •inger, and other two low people, and not only making tUem, Instead Ixrl of lat at id ga icedil Iroceec lear 81 jjkt thei: tanks, head i l^ot ki brute, iiid st{ fnthe rolling into a ^ssirec mg hi «ould t who h %ged3 ^ The V)ut a ^ardec ireign of La: Icing ( took fi withi '
ther off the Isle of May and fought till dark, then began again in |he morning, and kept at it until the ships drifted on the banks of t'ay, where the larger English vessels were stranded. It has been noticed that the English historians say nothing of Sir Andrew. Bilence is sometimes more emphatic than speech. t James IV. married a daughter (Margaret) of Henry VII. of Eng- land, and had the gayest nuptials that can well be fancied. He teceived with her however, only £ 10,000, to be paid in three instal- ments, l^he chief event of importance in James' reign, was the battle of Flodden Field, iu which he with the flower of the Scottiali nobitity fell a sacrifice to his indomitable determination to invade fegland. The battle is commemorated in Scotland by that most touching melody «« Lochaber no more." The fate of the king's t)ody after death was singular. Having been in life excommuiu- #ated, nobody would bury him, but hia body waa envbalmed and f^ 28 m m : Mil till! M carried to England, where it lay for years, tossed about as so much lumber in a monastery in Surrey. There one day having been noticed and cut by some workmen employed about the monastery, its head was removed and taken home by the Queen's master glazier, on account of the sweet smell proceeding from the spices where- with it was embalmed. It is noticed of this King that he wore a girdle of iron round his loins by way of doing penance for ap- pearing amongst the rebel nobles against his father at Torwood. The battle of Floddeu Field happened A. D, 1613. James V. The new King was not two years old when his father was killed. Hispaother, Margaret Tudor, was therefore made regent, according to hia father's will, which invested her with the regency so long as she did not marry a second time. She was the first woman that ever ruled Scotland, but did so only for a year, having married Archi- bald, Earl of Angus, to whom she afterwards bore the famous Lady Margaret Douglas. We noticed that about the time James III. put his brother, the Earl of Mar to death, he would probably have treated his only remaining brother, Alexander Earl of Albany, in the same way, had not that nobleman made his escape from Edin- burgh Castle. The Earl remained in France an exile for many years, and there had by a second marriage, a son who succeeded him, as Earl of Albany. This young man was the person whom: the Scots chose as their regent on the occasion of the queen's be- coming the Countess of Angus. Albany landed in Scotland on the 25th of May, 1516. He wa» Earl of March, as well as Duke of Albany. Shortly after his ar- rival the Earl of Huine was put to death, having caused great disturbance because of ill-usage which he got from Albany, at the instance of an Abbot, named Hepburn, whom he had kept from .obtaining the Archbishopric of St. Andrews. Albany soon re-, turned to France and remained there five years. During his absence, Scotland was filled with commotion. Hamilton, Earl of Arrau, hated Douglas, as also did James Beaton, Archbishop of St. Andrews ; hence Beaton summoned his friends to attack An- gus when he happened to be in Edinburgh unprotected. But Angus with eighty friends "cleared the causeway," and Arran'» •on with Eglinton's brother were killed in the affray. On Albany's return in 1521, he banished Angus, and to help France against England, tried to get the Scots to carry war into that kingdom ; but his nobles refusing to follow, he soon after returned to France. About this time another battle occurred at the Isle of May, in which the English ships beat the French. The Earl of Surrey now overran the south of Scotland, but soon afterward* withdrew. Albany knded a third time in Scotland, and this time brought with him -50 sail and 3,000 foot soldiers, &c. ; but u tb* Z9 )oiit as so much y having been the monastery, master glazier, spices where- that he wore a cnance for ap- r at Tor wood. tier was killed. ;ent, according jncy so long as Oman that ever larried Archi- le famous Lady ne James III. [ probably have of Albany, in ipe from £din- xile for many vho succeeded ! person whom: tie queen's be- [515. He wa» y after his ar- caused great Albany, at the lad kept from bany soon re- . During his nilton, Earl of Archbishop of to attack An- rotected. But " and Arran'tfr On Albany's Prance against hat kingdom; ned to France, the Isle of The Earl of >on afterward* , and this time c. ; but aa the Scots still refused to fight against England, he a third time f eturned to France. Scotland now became filled with anarchy, ;in the midst of which (Albany, yet absent,) James V. was pro- Maimed king. James restored the Earl of Angus to his country, khis step, however, was not pleasing to his mother, who had con- ceived as much dislike to her husband, as ever she had entertained londness. Angus, Lennox, and Colin Earl of Argyll, were now ^virtually at the head of affairs, along with their friend, Jameg Beaton. Argyll however soon withdrew Irom the party, and Len- nox too felt alienated from the Earl of Angus. Lennox was James 'fevourite, but Angus had greater power than he, and carried James Vith him to the house of the Archbishop of St. Andrews. In 1626 Angus and Lennox became enemies, and Hamilton and f'uguft friends. Lennox conceiving the king to be as a captive n the hands of the Douglasses, fought with them the battle of lAvon (the river Avon,) to make him free ; but there was unhap- pily both defeated and slain. Being a nephew of Arran, Lennox ft is said was lamented by him, although he had been a supporter of lAngus. The Douglasses soon after took and dismantled the Castle ^of the Archbishop of St. Andrews, (James Beaton,) Lennox s mend, -and the Archbishop had to skulk from place to place for his life. James Hamilton, (natural son of Lord Arran,) was stabbed at this time under the arch of the gate of Holyrood House, after which his murderer was put to death with most awful tortures. The Reformation was in this reign preached in Scotland bv Patrick Hamilton, a nephew both of the Duke of Albany and the Earl of Arran. This man being hated by Beaton, who was a verv near connection of Arran, that monster caused him to be burnt to death in St. Andrews. Hamilton died, summoning one Campbell, a monk,who had accused him (after admitting to him that his doctrines were correct,) to meet him at the judgment seat of Christ His words so affected Campbell that he shortly afterwards died mad, never having been able to cease thinking of them. This happened in 1528. , ^ , i James being weary of the supervision of the Douglasses, mada his escape one day from Falkland Palace, where they kept Court, ito Stirling Castle, where his nobles soon assembled round him. Angus marched in that direction afterwards, but declined hghting. James afterwards removing to Edinburgh, outlawed, forfeited and confiscated the Douglasses of Angus ; but they having the strong castle of Tantallon, defied him for a number of years, and ulti- mately formed a truce with him. ,. , -tr James was invited by Henry VIIL to meet him at York, Henry being in the hope that if he spoke to James of the costs of I opery, he would succeed better in getting him to understand its baleful- ^1 v« «^„i/i Kv ■nrrJtJiiry- Jftmes at first accepted tlie JuviUtion, but allowing himself to be persuaded by the pnetta, •I: I 1 "l m m SO (who knew full well how certainly they would be humbled and drawn out of power, should James be taught to see with Henry 'k •pectacles) declined going. This so exasperated Henry that he raised an array for the invasion of Scotland. To give battle'to the English, James could find no army ; for though he hud one, it preferred falling into the enemies hands to fighting under the guidance of one Oliver Sinclair (an upstart) for the protection of the interests of a king who was most terrible to his nobility. The consequence was, James hearing that Oliver was defeated and taken, and that nis nobles would not fight, became quite moody and hypochondriac, and died of a broken heart after a short time. He had been twice married, but his first wife lived only a little while after marriage, and left no posterity behind her. His second wife was Mary of Guise, who survived him ; she had borne him two sons that had been taken away about the same time by death, fulfilling the fears that had been awakened in their father by a dream that he had had to the eflect that a man, named James Hamilton, whom ho had caused to be quartered, appeared to him, and cut off first his right arm and then his left. Just seven days before the king's death, his queen had given birth to the princess Mary, to the un- utterable disappointment of James, who had hoped for a son. Hig last words were these, ** It cam wi' a lass and it'll gang wi' a la?s," alluding no doubt to the circumstance that th'e Stuart dynasty had been inaugurated by the marriage of Walter, the eighth Lord High Steward, with Marjory Bruce, daughter of king Kobert I. His words could not help being prophetical, but were less so perhaps, than in almost any other circumstances they could have been» for though Mary the princess had to marry, she formed a second mar- riage that did not require her to change her name, (that of Darnley being Stuart as well as her own,) and it happened therefore tbat James VI. was a Stuart as well as James Y., and of the same house too ; for whilst James the Fifth had sprung of "Walter, the eighth Lord High Steward, the Earls of Lennox had descended of Alex- ander, the sixth Lord High Steward. Miss Strickland facetiously notices that there is a double meaning in James' .saying, for in a sense it was true that ihe dynasty was going with** alasas well as with a lass," and may have also come with the same. Certain it was that when James uttered his prognostication, he was in the very depths of sorrow. James had been a very handsome, strong, tall man, also talented and capable of enduring great fatigue, and he was thought just in his decisions ; biit many were in his reigw put to death for being Protestants, and he seems to have listened without pain to the suggestions of the priests, that he should en- rich himself by extirpating heretics and appropriating their estates. It was by promising him riches through such arts that they hoT5cd to dissuade him IVo-m inr^ti-nrr with Tlrn'-v nt Vorir n^'i "■ they succeeded, perhaps this temptation may not have been irithot •ay b< lUm, \ Japac: Jbadin #11 the iako h •#• 'f' V. Att t-forg( .f*mpi( *hi8-\ |||^arri< fiffith I graud: l^othc Jt. Ai ^imed lis dr pifesti #very twho ] ^after 1 ,^ecur( .jBuade fjiosta «.quoiii ,conti-i i«et til .*berl, jfliovve itwiiic ,|iis li! 1. Til l^rrivi ^H lie (just ( ihecai ;gijUU * ill at *. \\ »thus, * lien I {Scot 31 e humbled anri e with Henry 'b ry that he raised c to the English, ae, it preferred guidance of one )f the interests 'he consequence aken, and that hypochondriac, had been twice after marriage, fe was Mary of > sons that had filling the fears m that he had ilton, whom he cut off first his fore the king's [ary, to the un- for a son. Hig angwi' a lass," art dynasty had jhth Lord High Kobert I. Ilia ess so perhaps, have been» for I a second mar- thatof Darnley [ therefore that the same house Iter, the eighth }nded of Alex- land facetiously •aying, for in a " alas as tveilas Certain it was vas in the very me, strong, tall itigue, and he i in his reign have listened he should cn- priating their li arts that they lot have been Without its weight. He was in some things but a iwor booby, m •ay be proved by his handing a book that Henry VIH. had sent Itim, with special care to read, concerning the abominations of the "apacy, to sftnc Koraish Ecclesiastic that was beside hira, before jading it ; and putting away from him all desire to see it again, 11 the cunning knave's congratulating him that ho had been led to ke his first step, seeing the book was heretical. Maky Quebk of Scots. 4I»_ . At the beginning of the next reign Cardinal Beaton exhibited • forged Will of the King declaring him llegent, bi t the pious .fimpious] fraud being detected, the Earl of Arrap was appointed. This was James Hamilton, grandson of that Sir James who had iaarried the divorced wife of Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran, and With her obtained his title for his sou. The Earl was therefore a grandson to a Princess of the blood royal. Moreover, Ins own Jiother being Janet Beaton, sister of James Beaton, Archbishop of St. Andrews, he was cousin-gerraau of Cardinal David Beaton, so filmed for first, his duplicity, secondly, his brutality, and thirdly, jiis dreadful end. As the Cardinal could not become^rs^ man ma- pifestly, he did all he could to make himself so virtually, doing ivery thing fair and unfair to get those nobles to commit perjury ^vho had pledged themselves to Henry VIII. when his prisoners, ftfter the battle of Elodden Field, to use their influence at home t« s'lecure the hand of the infant Mary for liis son. Beaton tried to per- suade them not to return to iheir captivity, though the death ot the iJiostages they had left behind them should be tlieconseciuence. By ♦quoting the Council of Constance, which "ordained a I compncts, contracts, promises and oaths, made to heretics, to be broken, he i*iet the religious scruples of the ignorant at rest, and none but Uij- »bert, Earl of Cassilis, (Buchanan's pupil,) played the man. lit ^however redeemed Jiis pledge and hostages too, by going back, twhich filled Henry Vlll. with so much admirauon, he gave him liis liberty to the bargain. . I. The regent Arran at first favoured the Reformation, but on I ic llirrival of the Karl of Lennox from France, who claimed to be .H nearer heir to the throne than Arran, on the ground that iArran's father, in order to mirry Janet Beaton, had without uust cause divorced his first wife, he sided with the Papists, and .became apostate. Cardinal Beaton showing him that if indeed he .-should get the Romish Church put down, then ho would be ac- , counted but a bastard, for it was the authority of that church alon« 'that had screened his father's conduct from its true deserts u \\ is well that in the inscrutable wisdom of God, Mary wa» ^thus, and by other arrangements kept from being married to kllHorv's son: for had she married Kdward, thc^n most probably Scotland still would have been but u half reformed country ; but {!»■ $2 i,-^^- i] m i m't iiiiii;!^ marrying as the did, a scion of one of the mtt^nt thoroughly Popish houses in the world, she learned to sport her own opinions rs openly and allow hor friends to carry things to such excess, that the Scots became thoroughly awake to the tyranny flf Antichrist, nnd shook off the yoke of spiritiinl bondage, as even Henry VIII. had never done. It was whilst she was but an infant that George Wishart was burnt by order of Cardinal Beaton, before his (the Cardinal's) castle win- dows, in St. Andrews. That godly youth had given no occasion for anything but admiration of his piety and pureness, yet was he under the guns of the tremendous castle tied to a stake, nnd with gun- powder bags affixed to his body consumed to ashes, amidst the rejoicings of the Scottish priesthood. The Cardinal himself, that he might have the fiendish satisfaction of feasting on torture, sat iri state at the window right above the Castle gate in the midst c< his associates, his " windows and battlements covered with tapestry and silk hangings." Well might the martyr aniicipato that no good end would wind up the history of such a man, and predict as he did when he first felt scorched by the flames that " he who now so proudly looks down upon me from his high place, will within a few days be as ignominiously thrown over, as he now arrogantly reclines."* They who know the secret of the Lord and believe in his unchangeableness, may at times speak with singular certainty as to events yet in the future. The martyr's prophecy, at all events, vv^as fulfilled j for notwithstanding that the Cardinal to secure friends against emergencies, which he found were arising in a bravo na- tion out of his proceedings, gave his daughter (a Cardinal's! tho daughter of a man sworn to celibacy ! and that was never mar- ried !) openly and with great pomp to the Earl of Crawford's son, yet a scion of the house of Rothes, (himself a descendant of the royal family of another age,) Norman Leslie with a few associates having secretly entered the Castle court early one morning when none were up but the porter, proceeded to the trembling tyrant's r-hamber, and finding he had concealed himself in the chimney there, •tore him down to despatch him. It is said the Cardinal cried out " fye, fye, I am a priest, all's gone;" but Leslie and his friends had the good sense to know that if their conduct was not blameable oth- p.rwise, it was none the more either blameable or dangerous that it wasVidding the earth of one, who, under the mask of a protector ot piety, was seeking to extirpate it, and in the character of a person that scorned ail earthly dignities, was virtually holding the reins of government over all the Scottish nation, and that too by arts, which an honest man would have disdained to use. As it has been supposed that Leslie was moved by private quar- rel to act the part he did, the matter of the Cardinal's removal, in accordance with Wishart's prophecy, roujt be viewed as a moBt * BmImumb. Btrikii Kuox inendc lessly I Ifrnth ( iulacc roper; ' The phe an Chalel Queen ediica^ young tiorrai ^•er, 1 Very s tuated feceiv iive s< God's «f the •he be nation iove VI i-ngpe that tc Rizzic reason macy ' himse! along »pon «arrvi •fhack #tidiei IfernL njt>t V hoAvcA king ] same j over t f^e ra and sf i^at a tb sur feven n;: .1: I 33 roughly Popish wn opinionn n9 ich excesH, that f flf Antichrist, en Henry VIII. ishart was burnt lal's) castle win* n no occasion for et was he under , and with gun* hes, annidst the at himself, that 5 on torture, sat in the midst ci ed with tapestry )ato that no good id predict as he ^ he who now so B, will within a now arrogantly •ord and believe ngular certainty cy, atall events, to secure friends 5 in a bravo na- Cardinal's! tho A'as never mar- Crawford's son, iscendant of thu a few associates 3 morning when ambling tyrant's 9 chimney there, irdinai cried out i his friends had t blameable oth- iangerous thatit of a protector ol cter of a person olding the reins hat too by arts, by private quar- al's removal, in lewcd as a mout striking Providence. Shortly after this Bicge of the castle John Knox arrived in it, and by his preaching produced the raost tre- mendous sensation in the minds of those Avho heard hira. Fenr- fessly setting forth both the policy of the Romish church and the ^nth of God, he paved the way for that general rising of the po- lulace for the removal of the cathedrals and the paraphanalia cf ?opery which was such a speedy precursor of its utter fall. , The Earl of Arran by the recomraendaticm of the French king, ihe arts of the Queen mother, and the offer of the Dukedom <»f Chalelherault in France was induced to resign the regency to the Queen mother, greatly to the vexation of his friends. Mary i»hen but six years old was sent to France, and was thcro educated to a very high degree. She was whilst still very young, married to the Dauphin of France, nnd lier uncles, the iiorraines, had the highest hopes, from this union. It was how- «rver, unproductive of the expected results. The Dauphin died ▼ery soon, and Mary was left a widow without a child. So si- tuated, she was prevailed on to go to Scotland, where she wan leceived favorably, and for a time conducted herself so as not t.(t iivo severe offence to the nation, which had by this time, by God's blessing on Knox's preaching and the efforts of the friends ♦f the Congregation, been thoroughly reformed. Soon howc^ cr, ihe began to attend mass openly and to arouse the feelings of the jiatiou against her, JButone of her most fatal steps was falling in love with a low born musician named Kizzio, who notwithstand- ing personal deformity, had the adroitness so to secure her rciiard that to please him she married Darnley, a very soft youth, whom Kizzio no doubt expected to make a cuckold, and there is souio reason to fear succeeded in making one. The Queen's inti- macy with Rizzio having been discovered one night by Daruley himself, he by the advice of the Earls of Crawford and Morton, along with his friend Patrick Kuthven clothed in armour, camo upon Rizzio as he was playing or singing before the Queen and Itrrving him out of the room despatched him. It is said that; lEhackcray was lately hissed for having asserted before a public ««idience that Mary was implicated in the consequent murder of Ifernley, but many people will only helieve what they choose and ni)t what authentic history declares. AVhether guilty or nc^t however, so it was, that about a year after Rizzio's slaughter king Henry (Darnley) was strangled and his house blown up tliti game night with gunpowder, in Edinburgh, the shock being heard over the whole town. Mary shortly afterwards married Bothwrll, ^e man whom the nation charged with the guilt of this offence, ftnd so irritated the nation's sense both of humanity and propriety ^at a party was raised against her strong enough to induce l)er tt) surrender. This done she was conveyed a prisoner to Loch- iftven Castle, where she was prevailed on much against her will xu Iri 34 sii»u documents resigning the throne in favor of her son, ond ap- IKnuting her brother Murray Regent. Her residence in Ijochleveu Castle however, was not destined to be so long as her opponents wished, for she managed by the help of a relative of her keeper »o escape from it one night and to fice to Niddrie, the Castle of the ^;otous, near Kirkliston, (a Castle visible from the Glasgow and Edinburgh Railway,) where her friends soon rallied around and escorted her to Hamilton. Having in a few days gathered forces luough as she thought, to encounter her enemies, her army en- deavored to take Dumbarton but was defeated at Langside. This was a terrible dispellcr of her hopes, and she seeing the battle iiom a neighboring height was so filled with consternation that she directed her horse's head to the south and never stopped till she had reached Dundrennan Castle. From this she shortly af- terwards passed into England, hoping for defence from Queen Klizabeth. But here she made a great mistake. Elizabeth could not forget that her own legitimacy being questionable, Mary as next heir to the English throne had dared in better days to chal- leiiy;c it, and that the Princes of Lorraine, her uncles, had used evoiY art (though in vain) to induce the Scots to attack England on the North whilst the king of France invading it on the South nliould aim at setting his daughter-in-law on Queen Elizabeth's throne. Elizabeth therefore had had no good will to Mary, but profowfising to be interested in her safety in order to get her into her power, she recommended her to flee to Carlisle Castle for pro- tection. This done, Mary immediately, virtually, became her prisoner, and to prison too, she was by and bye sent. For one conspiracy after another breaking out against Elizabeth in Eng- land, after Mary's flight into that kingdom, the people began to think as Elizabeth wished, that Mary was accessory to them. Probably she was to some of them, but there seems little ground for the suspicion that she was implicated in the Babington one, on account of which she was ultimately beheaded. The mother of .James YI. was thus cut off in the forty fourth year of her age, and nineteen years after her first seeking refuge in England. James at first seemed resolved to carry war into England in con- se'iucncc of his mother's death ; but finding no hope of success, and expecting to succeed Elizabeth in the course of nature, he felt ic his interest to keep quiet. Mary was handsome, highly talented, and exceedingly accom- plished, and there is no saying Avhat she might have been had she been reared in the fear of God and an understandng of the Scrip- tures ; but born as she was maternally of the bloody house of great houses of Douglas and Lennox were represented on the Scottish throne. James was early removed, by a window, from tho Castle of Edinburgh, to be out of the reach of Both well, who, it was supposed, would endeavour to destroy him on the first op- portunity, that he might not be in the way of what issue might attend his own marriage with the Queen. He was a pupil of the great Buchanan, and had a peculiar fancy for composition. Though a great scholar, he was a man of small mind, and attained no respect either at home or abroad for his policy. The most interesting incident in his early history is that of the Gowrie conspiracy, which had nearly ended in his assassi- nation. Going out one day to hunt from the palace of Falkland, he met a brother of the Earl of Gowrie who told him he had caught a man with a bag of gold, of most suspicious appearance, ■^om he had made prisoner, and wished the king to go at once ta Perth and try. James would not until the chase was ended ; bmt then turning his horse's head in the direction of the fair city, entered it with but few attendants, conducted by his friend. The Ikrl of Gowrie came forth to meet him, and apologized for being •i^olly unprepared, but gave him as comfortable a repast as a hun- gry man required. After dinner, his brother (Alexander Ruth- ve»,) proposed to the king to go up stairs and see the prisoner, ai^ led the way, ushering the king into his study, where he saw only a man armed and holding a drawn sword. Ruthven now put his poignardto the king's breast and charged him with un- kindness to his father ; after which, leaving him for a time, ho returned again with a rope to tie his hands. The king resisted, and throwing Ruthven, contrived to get to the open window of the apartment, from which, as Ruthven's arm was round his neck, he hollowed out treason and murder as loudly as he could. His at- tendants heard him, and bursting into the room, both GowTie and hlB brother were killed, and James returned to Falkland in the evening on horseback as he had entered it. No satisfactory ex- and it is needless »i* \4-»#-w*^ 1-kA^ »» r\4- l>4^ys«% 4v <-i^ XT« « H <^ j-v*> rt^rx^ ^•tfl pxQxiatxuii iioo jwi* u^}^ii givcu VI bins wIlopxi.av/1 36 Ik f i i to notice the many unsatisfactory ones that have been advanced. James rendered himself particularly obnoxious to his country- men by his attempts to make them worship after the Episcopalian fashion, but these were principally made after he became king of England. To the throne of that kingdom he, as the descendant of Margaret Tudor, succeeded on the death of Queen Elizabeth, and was wel- comed into England with particular rejoicings, both by Protestants and Papists ; by Protestants, because he was a Protestant himself, by Papists, because being the son of Mary, they hoped he would be a bad Protestant. It was on the ground of Scotland's having given a king to Eng- that the Lord Provost and Magistrates of Edinburgh, on the oc- casion of the funeral of the Duke of Wellington, claimed right of precedence over the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Dublin. It is a remarkable circumstance that Scotland, which the English kings vainly sought so long to govern, should have finally sent a king to govern England ; and it is a more surprising incident still, that in James, England got back the Royal representative of those ancient Saxon kings that had so long ruled England, before Dane - Norman had turned its first invaders from their seats. Mai- t»r colm III. having married the heiress of the Saxon kings, either a Balliol or a Cummin, or James was their representative ; but James was at all events as much their representative as he was Malcolm's. It is difficult to show that Balliol and Cummin have any repre- sentatives now alive. Victoria therefore, or the king of Sardinia, is now one of the nearest representatives of these kings. In James also, as a descendant of Edward IV., there ran the blood of Roderic O'Connor, last king of all Ireland, no family being a nearer re- presentative of that great monarch than James' except perhaps the Duke of Norfolk's. We have now arrived at the termination of the fourth period of Scottish history, and thus come to what we proposed as the conclusion of our little work. P. S. We have only deviated from authentic history in our ac- count of the murder of Duncan I. where we have borrowed from Shakespeare. Errata.— Page 10, lines 4, 7, for Fergus read Kenneth. Page 15, line 22, for James IV. read James VI. ■A ■w been advanced, to his country- ;he Episcopalian became king of lant of Margaret ti, and was wel- h by Protestants )testant himself, hoped he would L a king to Eng- irgh, on the oc- jlaimed right of y of Dublin. It LCh the English ve finally sent a ig incident still, mtative of those Qd, before Dane eir seats. Mal- i kings, either a itive ; but James J was Malcolm's, have any repre- :ing of Sardinia, ings. In James blood of Roderic ing a nearer re- ;cept perhaps the le fourth period proposed as the [story in our ac- borrowed from venneth. Page ■ii APPENDIX. NCT PEERAGE OF SCOTLAND IN 1746. |\«ERNBTHY, (Lord) in the reign of Alex. ii. first between 1214 , and 1249 ; extinct in the reign of k. Robert Bruce ; left three ' daughters, the first married to John Stuart Earl of Angus, the , second to David Lindsay of Crawford, the third to And. Lesly of Rothes. Ai-BANY, (Dukes of) five have been created. , Robert Stuart, third son of k. Robert ii. 1399, ob. 3d Sept. 1420, His son Murdoch forfeited the title being beheaded 19th May, 1425. Alexander, son to k. James ii. created 1462, extinct by the death of his son John, 1536, without issue. Henry Lord Darnley, a few days before his marriage with Q. Mary. Charles, second son of k. James vi. 1601 ; which extingjuished at his brother Prince Heni-y's death, 1612. James," brother to k. J Charles ii., 31st Dec. 1660, extinguished at the death of k. , Charles ii. Angus, (Earl of) created by Malcom iii., the last Earl of that J family forfeited for adhering to the interest of the Balliols. Stu- art, nephew to the Lord High Steward of Scotland was created . Earl of Angus at the coronation of k. David ii. Margaret, sis- ter of Thomas the last Earl of that family, married William the. first Earl of Douglas, to whom she was second wife, and by him had a son, Sir George Douglas first Earl of Angus of the Doug- ; lases. Thomas died 1377. Annandale, (Murray Earl of) was first created Viscount of Annan, I then Earl of Annandale by k. James vi. 13th March, 1624 ; wa« 'm ^o^^i^rly Laird of Cockpool : became extinct by the death of the , second Earl, 28th Dec. 1668. ,^|Athole, (Earl of) in the reign of Malcolm iv., first between U53 ^ and 1165. The last Earl who was constituted Governor of Scot- land by Edward Balliol, being killed at the battle of Kilblain, < 1335, fighting for Balliol; the peerage extinguished. ^Athole, (Earl of) 2d, was John Campbell, son of Sir Neil Camp- , V bell of Lochow, by Lady Mary Bruce his wife, sister to k. Robert ;^ Bruce. He was created Earl of Athole by k. David ii. but ,.j dying without issue the title extinguished by his death. ^.Athole, (Earl of) 3d, was Walter Stuart, son of k. Robert ii. by ± Lady Eupham Ross, which title he afterwards forfeited for the murder of k. James i. j^ Athole, (Earl of) 4th, was John Stuart, uterine brother of k. i James ii. by whom he was created Earl of Athole. This family ^ possessed the honors during five successive Earls of the rame of ,^|John, and John 5th dying without male issue, 1594, the honor ' , became extinct. N. B. He had married Mary Ruthven, daugh« * terofWm. Earlof Gowrie. 'Hi # m 38 ii■-k4^ Athole, (Earl of) 5th, was James Stuart Lord Innermeath, who had married a daughter of John 5th and last Earl of the formei family, was created Earl of Athole 1596, but dying without issue in 1605 the honors became again extinct. Athole, (Earl of) 6th, was William 2d Earl of Tillibardine, who marryingDorothea the eldest daughter of John 5th Earl of Athole, succeeded to the title, dignity and precedency of Athole. He af- terwards resigned the title of Earl of Tillibardine, which k. Chas, i. conferred on his brother Sir Pat. Murray, Slfii, Jan. 1628, and his son James Earl of Tillibardine dying without issue, the estate and honor of Tillibardine devolved on John Marquis of Athole. AsHTowN of Forfar, (Ashtown Lord) created 8th Nov. 1628, an English family, which honours still subsisted when Crawford's Peerage was published, as he alledges. Arban, (Thos. Boyd Earl of) created by k. James iii. upon his marrying Lady Mary, that king's eldest sister. He was son of Lord Boyd, but both father and son were forfeited soon after this marriage. Belhaven, (Sir Robert Douglas of Spot, created viscount of) 1633, 24th June. Died without issue 14th Jan. 1639, which extiaguished that title. BoTHWELL, (Murray Lord of) was very ancient. The last Lord dying without male issue, left a daughter, married to Archd. Douglas, Lord of Galloway, thereafter Earl of Douglas. Craw- ford makes Murray of Abercairney representative of this family of Bothwell. Both well, (John Bamsay of Balmain Earl of) created by James iii. was slain with the king at the field of Stirling, on the 11th June, 1488. Bothwell, (Pat. Hepburn, Lord Hailes, created Earl of) 1488. His great grandson was James Earl of Bothwell, created JDukeof Orkney by Q. Mary. He died in Denmark, 1677. BothweU, (Francis Stuart Earl of) was created by k. James vi. He was son of John, Prior of Colingham, a natural son of k. James v. This Earl was forfeited for treason, 1593. Bbechin, (Lord of) was descended from a natural son of David Earl of Huntington, brother to k. William the Lion. This fa- mily made a considerable figure in the reigns of Alexander ii. and iii. David, Lord of Brechin, married a sister of k. Robert Bruce. His son David was one of the Barons who wrote the famous letter to the Pope, 1320, but in 1321, being in a conspi- racy to deliver Berwick to the English, he was executed for high trea,son. Brechin. (BaTclay Lord of) Sir David Barclay married Margaret) sister to the last I^ord Brechin, and in right of his wife became heir to him. Of this marriage was a son, David, the last Lord Brechin, who was murdered by William Douglas of Liddesdale, 1348, and a daughter married to Fleming of Biggar, whp^e only 39 nermeath, "who rl of the former ig without issue illibardine, who h Earl of Athole, Athole. He af- , which k. Chas, b Jan. 1628, and issue, the estate rquis of Athole. Nov. 1628, ail rhen Crawford's IS iii. upon his He was son of d soon after this id viscount of) I. 1639, which The last Lord rried to Archd. )ougla8. Craw- re of this family reated by James Hirling, on the Earl of) 1488, created JDuke of 77. :. James vi. He m of k. James t. il son of David Lion. This fa- ff Alexander ii. ter of k. Robert who wrote the ing in a conspi- 18 executed for rried Marffarfit- lis wife became d, the last Lord as of Liddesdalc, gar, whp^e pnly ■M daughter was married to Wm. Maule of Panmure, ancestor to the Earl of Panmure. BucuAN, (Cumin Earl of) obtained that Peerage in right of his wife, daughter of Fergus Earl of Buchan, in the reign of Alex. ii. John Cummin Earl of Buchan, Constable of Scotland, ihv last Earl of this family was forfeited by k. Robert Bruce fur being in the English interest. Buchan, ^^Earl of) 2d was Alex. Stuart, fourth son of k. Robert ii. created 1374% he dying 1394, the honors became extinct till 1419. Buchan, (Earl of) 3d was John Stuart, son of Robert D. of Albany, Governor of Scotland, who in 1419 was created Earl of Buchan by his father. This JEarl commanded the 7,000 Scots, auxilia- ries, sent to the assistance of Chas. vi. of France against the Eng- lish, and was killed at the Castle of Vernouil, 6th Aug. 1424. His only daughter was married to Lord Seton. Buchan, (Earl of ) 4th was James Stuart, 2d son of Sir Jaincs Stuart (sirnamed the black knight of Lorn) by Queen Jean, wi- dow of k, James i. This James, uterine brother of k. James ii. was created Earl of Buchan by k. James iii., 1469, The male heirs of this family in the direct line, failing, 1551, Robert Douglas, brother to the Earl of Morton, married the heircsss, and in her right became Earl of Buchan, and his heirs male again failing, 1601, James Erskine, son of the Earl of Mar, mar- ried Mary the heiress, and so became the Earl of Buchan. This line failing in William Earl of Buchan, who died 1695. He was succeeded by David L. Cardross, his nearest heir male. N. B. James Stewart who was created Earl of Buchan, 1460, had a second son who was ancestor to the present Earl of Traquair. Cumin, John Lord of Badenoch, ^ were brothers, in the 12tli. Walter Earl of Montieth, v Century, vide Crawford William first Earl of Buchan, y page 30. ' Caithness, (Earl of) in the reign of k. William, was one Harold, who for rebellion was forfeited, 1187. Caithness, (Earl of ) 2d wasMagnuSySonof GilibredEarlof Angus, who was created Earl of Caithness by Alex, ii., 1222. This title ex^red in a daughter married to the Earl of Ross in the reign of k. David ii. Caithness, (Earl of) 3d was David Stuart, son to k. Robert ii. i>y Eupham Ross, who was created Earl of Caithness, 1370. He dying without male issue, it devolved on his youngest brother Walter Earl of Athole, by whose forfeiture, 1437, it came to the Crown. Caithness, (Earl of ) 4th was Geo. Crichton of Cairns, Lord High Admiral of Scotland, created Earl of Caithnesa, 1452, but he dying, 1455, leaving only a daughter, the honor extinguished. Caithness, (Earl of ) 5th was Wm. Sinclair Earl of Orkney, Chan- cellor in the reign of k. James ii., created Earl of Caithness, 146o. "*!^j, 40 m i^^ Carlyle, (Lord) John Carlyle of (Torthorold, descended from Sir VVm. Carlyle,) who married a sister of k. Robert Bruce, was cre- ated Lord Carlyle by k. James iii., 1473. The last heir male of this family dying about the year 1580, Sir James Douglas of Parkhead, who married the grand daughter and heiress of the last Lord Carlyle, acquired the title ; but his son dying without issue, 1638, the title became extinct in the family of Queeusber- rie, which had acquired the estate. Carhick, (Earl of) Duncan of Galloway was created 1185. The male issue of this family failing, Robert Bruce Lord of Annan- dale, and father of k. Robert Bruce, married the heiress about the year 1273, and in her right became Earl of Carrick. King Robert Bruce afterwards gave this title to his brother Edward, who being slain at the battle of Dundalk, 1318, two natural sons of his successively obtained the title. Soon after it returned to the Crown. Carrick, (Earl of) about 1632-3. k. Chas. i. conferred this title on John Stuart, Lord Kincliven, second son of Robert Stuart Earl of Orkney, who was a natural son of k. James v. But he died not long after without male issue. Crichton, (Lord) son of Six \Vm. Crichton, who was Chancellor in the younger years of k. James ii. This family was forfeited for rebellion against k. James iii., but afterwards restored to the barony of Frendraught in the north. And Sir James Crichton of Frendraught was created Frendraught, Visct. of, 1642. Crawford, [LordJ in the reign of k. Alex. ii. David deLindseay, ancestor of the Earl of Crawford, married the heiress of this family. Denniston, [Lord] the last Lord dying without male issue in the beginning of k. Robert iii,, his estate went to two daughters, co-heirs, one married to Sir Wm. Cunninghame of Kilmaurs, ancestor to the Earl d' Glencairn, the other to Maxwell of Cal- derwood. Dingwall, [Keith Lord] created before the year 1584. He died Hoon after the year 1589, without issue. Dingwall, [Preston Lord] created 1607, by marrying the daughter of the Earl of Desmond in Ireland he obtained the dignity, which extinguished at his death in 1622. James Duke of Ormond marrying his daughter, and sole heir, became Lord Dingwall. He was grandfather of the late Duke. DiRLETON, [Maxwell Earl of] created 1646. The first and last who had this title was Sir James Maxwell of Innerweck. Du>tPERMLiNE, (Seton Earl of) created first Lord Urquhart, 1591, . . .r:.» ^..miiv-v/iiwi, Auvx, a.ii\J. i:ia,i, i. \JI. X^ UXiiii/TiiiiiiiU, «3U Si. lOUO. His grandson '/as forfeited by the Parliament, 1690. DirxuAR, (Home Earl of) created 3d March, 1605. The year before, he had been created a Peer of England by the title of Lord Hume ■ofB( ,Kuig r.VDE •1641, ^068 Dundci Killi BUNKB :Gall( ' gran( libwx, ^TUB3 Gen. 1565, ratifi ^RTII, \ tavug '' *%hen '^%xtin Bren FilENDJ «3llo^ . guisl FtFE, ( '^Canii ham, to hi '^Tesig: in-la 0i.LLO^ Malci lieir digni Med to k. ried Balli Bruc Wd i thet ^ Vife, JU2. Kj GfeWRIl me r liord V- tended from Sir Bruce, wascre- ast heir male of lies Douglas of 1 heiress of the L dying without of Queeusber- ed 1185. The -ord of Annan- 3 heiress about Darrick. King 'Other Edward, wo natural sons : it returned to red this title on ert 8tuart Earl . JBut he died was Chancellor y was forfeited ) restored to the ^ames Crichton of, 1642. id deLindseay, heiress of thia le issue in the wo daughters, ! of Kilmaurs, axwell of Cal- 584. He died g the daughter iignity, which ke of Ormond ord Dingwall. first and last erweck. rquhart, 1591, i March, 1605. 90. lie year before, of Lord Hume ^of Berwick. He was Lord High Treasurer of Scotland and ^Knight of the Garter. He died 1611, leaving two daughters. illTXDEE, (Scrimgeour Earl of) created first Viscount of Duddap, fl641. His son was created Earl of Dundee in 1661, but dying [1668 without issue, this Peerage became extinct, .ndee, (Graham Viscount of) created 12th Nov., 1688, killed at jKillicrankie, 27th July, 1689. His successor was outlawed 1690. 3(^NKELD, (Galloway Lord) created 1645 ; was son of Mr. Pat. 'aGalloway, Minister of Edinburgh. The third Lord Dunkeld, ;*grandson of the first, had a command in the battle of Killicrankie, ^ for which he was forfeited. liowx, (Stuart Lord) vide. Lord St. Colme. ^THEN,(KingLord)created 28th March, 1642. He had been a Lieut. ^Gen. under Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden. Died 1667. '^' SKiNE, (Lord) in the reign of k. Jamts i. became Earl of Marr, 1565, his claim of succession to Gratny Earl of Marr, being ^jatified by Parliament. '3P>RTH, (Ruthven Earl of) had been a Lieut. Gen. under Gus- \ tavus Adolphus ; was created first Lord Ruthven of Ettrick, 1639, •then Earl of Forth, 27th March, 1642. This honour became extinct by his death, 1651. He had, 1645, been created Earl of Brentford in England. Pi^ENDKAUGHT, (Visct. of) 20th Aug. 1642. His successor Lewis following k. James vii.to France and Ireland, this title extin- guished. He died without issue in Feb. 1698. PtFE, (M'Dufi" Thane, afterwards Earl of) created by k. Malcolm •^ Canmore, 1057. The last Earl being killed at the battle of Dur- ham, 1346, the honour and privileges of the family devolved to his daughter, who having no issue, though twice married, '* designed the honour to Robert, Earl of Montcith, her brother- ^^lln-law, afterwards Duke of Albany. Wlloway, [Lord of] was Fergus de Galweya, in the reign of llalcolm iii. His grandson Rolland, married the daughter and Iieir of Richard Morvil, Constable of Scotland, whereby that dignity was transferred to his family. His son Alan mar - Med the eldest daughter of David, Earl of Huntington, brother to k. William, and Dornagilla, daughter of this marriage, mar- ried John Balliol, founder of Balliol College, and father of John Balliol the competitor for the crown. Afterwards k. Robert Sruce gave the Lordship of Galloway to his brother Edward, '%nd after his death to Sir Archibald Douglas, who was slain in '*^the battle of Halydonhill, 22d July, 1333, leaving issue by his *%ife, daughter of John Cummin, Lord Badenoch, William Lord Ci&WRiE, [Ruthven Earl of]. This family was Lord Barons from "the reign of k. James iii. till 23d August, 1581, that William Lord Ruthven was created Earl of Gowrie. This title became 42 J extinct 1600. The first Lord Kuthven was created Uth Janui ary 1487. So Malcolm's MSS p. 379. Holt- ROOD-HOUSE, [Bothwel Lord] created 20th Dec, 1601. Hii son dying unmarried 1635, the honour extinguished, though by the patent published in Crawford's Peerage, Glencross seems to have a tolerable good claim to this Peerage. IUkeies, [Harries Lord] created by k. James iv. The last heir male of this family dying 1543, Sir John Maxwell, a younger son of Lord Maxwell who had married one of his three daughter and co-heirs, came to inherit the honour of Lord Harries. His successor afterwards succeeded to the dignity of Lord Maxwell, which being an older Peerage, that of Harries became extinct. Ievine, [Earl of] was James Campbell, brother to the Marquis of Argyle. He was first created Lord Kintyre by James vi., 1622 ; then Earl of L:vine by Charles i., 28th March, 1642. But lea- ving no son, the honour became extinct sometime before the restoration of Charles ii. | Isles, [M'Donald Lord of the]. This family is said to be descendedf from Somerled, Thane of Argyle, in the reign of Malcolm iv. | In the reign of k. James i. the Lord of the Isles became Earl of | Koss, and very powerful and troublesome. At last Donald Lord of the Isles dying unmarried about 1636, k. James v. assumed . the Lordship of the Isles into his own hands. They had for- s merly lost the Earldom of Ross by forfeiture for rebellion, 1475 r or 1476. * Lindsay, [Earl of] John, Lord Lindsay of Byres, was created Earl of Lindsay, 1633, and succeeded afterwards by an entail to the Earl of Crawford, which was ratified by Act of Parliament, 166L Lindsay of Byres, [Lord] in the reign of k. James ii. to 1633. Lennox, [Earl of] created by k. William. His descendant, Mal- colm Earl of Lennox, is one of the Scots nobility who wrote the Letter to the Pope. In the following century the Earl of Lennox was forfeited for high treason in the reign of James i., and executed at Stirling with his son-in-law, Murdoch Duke of Albany, 23d May, 1426, leaving three daughters, one married to Murdoch Duke of Albany ; a second to Stuart Lord Darnly; a third to Mon^eith, nf Husky, a daughter of which marriage was afterwards Lady Gleneagles, who in the reign of James iii. had a long dispute with Lord Darnly about the superiority of the Earldom of Lennox, which at last was amicably composed ; and John Lord Darnley, (whose ancestors had been great Ba- rons before the reign of k. Kobert Bruce,) came to be created Earl of Lennox, 1488. They were advanced to Dukes of Len- nox in 1680. LoHN AND Innbbmba-xh, fStuart Lord] Sir Eobert Stuart, Oi ^n- nenneath, dying 1386, left issue John of Innermeath and Lorn, and Robert, ancestor of Rossyth. John married a daughter of Robert D cesser, ai was one < John Lo] Argyle w ship of 1 Lord Lo] From th who wat mise of married Athole ; in favoi Marchi( tober, 1 Lyle, [L< tween ' Genera iv. Tl Jame:} Mau, [M from C King: called a sist* issue, Doug Jamef 1388, las, V husb Bucl batti mad< hisi deat twis tob inf) broi sUe tot Mabc of die in asfi 1th Janu* L601. Hii though hf as seems to iB last heir- a youugeri ; daughter^ rries. Hi» J Maxwell, le extinct. Marquis of^ 3vi., 1622; But lea- before the 5 descended! Malcolm iv. | ame Earl of | )onald Lord | V. assumed 1 iy had for- 1 ellion, 1475 < ■I jieated Earl I atail to the ment, 1661. to 1633. Qdant, Mai- ^ who wrote | the Earl of of James i., rdoch Duke one married lOrd Darnly; ;h marriage >f James iii. iperiority of ' composed ; a great Ba- be created kes of Len- 4. ^f T« uoxv, wi j.i*- h and Lorn, daughter of 43 John Lord Lorn, dying ?Y*Xt ^aghter obtain'^ the Lo^- «ft? '.^rwlersr^^earlst heir ma^^ Marchioness of Mibardin^.^^ T.„es ii BO».e time be- , *°^'% nrd?'raised to the Peerage by k. James r^f^« ^^ from Gratnach Earl of Mar, lUMhe jmy ^^^^^^^^r of hxs, S Bobert Bruce married If^^^^^^^^a' t^^is Gratney married called likewise Gratney Earl of f^'^ ^^ ^f Mar dying without ? sister of k. Robert Bruce. The^ari oi countess of ^ ^r 1^79 his estate and lioi^o?,^fT°!l!L of Mar to her son SHS£ Hr^j i=S'r Bu^, brother to k- Eol^^^ m. 1«^. ^ ^j ^^^ ^^ere he i^%-SSSSef^n^^s£ ♦tvj-rt the king and UoDeri ^"^'*_ , f |jr-- but it was aeciuew trbelmestVir to G'»^^j^\?^S. Seated h^namai ^ed m2.1efttwosons.Tx..jJ«*;;^^.^g, M>d WilU«n. who \feMjtfl'*#5#l 44 Avickshire, was ancestor of the Earl of Home. Patrick, son of| the last Earl is designed Earl of March and Dunbar. His son Patrick Earl of March, in 1291, was one of the competitors for I the crown with Balliol, and another Patrick Earl of March, | marrying the daughter of Thomas Randolph Earl of Murray, sister and heir of John Earl of Murray, became likewise Earl of Murray in right of his wife. His son George, Earl of March and of Murray, was warden of the Marches in the reign of k. Eobert ii. But under Robert iii. he revolted to the English, for which he was forfeited, but afterwards restored by the Duke of Albany, Governor. He died 1416, leaving George his son and heir, and another son John Earl of Murray. This George, Earl of March, was 1434, at the instance of k. James i., forfeited by Parliament for his father's former rebellion, and the Earldom of March was annexed to the Crown. The next March, [Earl of] was Alexander Duke of Albany, who in 1478 was by his brother, king James iii., created Earl of March, but he afterwards forfeited it by his rebellion. So it was again united to the Crown till k. James vi., 1579, created March, [Earl of] Robert Stuart, his grand-uncle being younger brother of Matthew Earl of Lennox, this king's grandfather. This Robert had been Bishop of Caithness, and embracing the Reformation, got the Priory of St. Andrews from the Crown, In 1576 the honour of Earl of Lennox devolved on him by the death of (Charles Earl of Lennox, his nephew ; but having no male issue he resigned it to his great nephew, Esme, Lord D' Aubigny , and in place thereof, was made Earl of March, 1579. He died 29th March, 1686. From that time the title of Earl of March lay dormant. 111 years to 1697. M'DoNALD, [Lord] was ^neas M'Donald of Glengarry, -who for his great attachment to k. Charles i. and ii. was created Lord M'Donald, the 20th Sept., 1660. He dying without issue in 1680, the honour became extinct, and his estate devolved to M'Donald of Glengary, his heir male. MaiiFORT, [Viscount of] was John Drummond, second son to Earl of Perth. He was Secretary of State to k. James ii. ; created Viscount 20th April, 1685, and Earl, the 12th Auoust, 1686; was forfeited by Act of Parliament 2d July, 1695, without affecting his children by Sophia Lundin. Mbthven, [Stuart Lord] was the younger son of Lord Evandale. He married the Queen mother of k. James v. She got him made a Peer, 1628. There was no child of this marriage but one who died an infant. This Peerage failed 1672, by the death of Henry second Lord Methven, who was killed at Broughton by the shot of a cannon bullet from the castle of Edinburgh, leav- ing no issue. His mother was a daughter of the Earl of Athole. Menteth, [Earl of]. In the beginning of the reign of k. David i. Murdoth was Earl of Monteith ; and Gilchrist in the reign of Malcom iv Walter Co he dying ^ V.is daushi r.jvrl of Me l)ctraycd "^ several su( to Lord R upon was forfeiture teth was MlDDLETOS giers, 16' then for leturnin Died 281 MONYPENS Lord M( failed ii MOKDINGI of Angr rence L ton, wi who ra ended i Murray, Bruce, slain i estate whose hvk. ter. marri right hisb; Jame iv. "^ but! Quei 8om( Pric k.C pee: Kewb k, son of His Bon titers for f March, Murray, ivise Earl of March lign of k. English, the Duke e his son 3 George, , forfeited Earldom > in 1478 arch, but i^as again ; younger mdfather. acing the e Crown, im by the ig no male Aubigny, He died March lay , who for ated Lord t issue in ivolved to on to Earl , ; created ist, 1686; , without Evandale. 3 got him rriage but the death 3roughton irgh, leav- of Athole. :. David i. e reign of I 46 , • r™„io the Earldom came to Sir Malcomlv.. by whose te^f*^^^!'- *f^ ^^^ Earl Menteth. and Walter Coming, "l^o.f.'f'^'si, Walter Stuart who mainod he dying without male i83 .«> °'' "" His successor was Alex. is daughter became Earl ..f **i^"***' sS JohiiMenteth, who to Irfllenteth. and his '^''"f '^^EZlmd This Earldom by barayed Wallace «» f Jt^,j4;ltoSiresB who wasmarned SbriirSfflSSl!l^.ftheEar[domomen. tethw" aiinexed to the crown. He died at Tan- MiDM,rTON, [Earl of] ""^''ffi.if gecre „y °" ^^"'^ '"' ^""^ffl ^ gicrs. 1673^ His X'^foCedk James into Erance, and not b» S-'timrw^ited by act of Pa^Uament. 1095. ^XraisKUlil^^i" thfnorthern .uaxters. U3«. wMc .,"="^*'at]^dolthWlof].Thos.Eando^h,n^hew^^^^^^^^ Murray, [RanaoiP^f^^ his ^^^j^^ 1321. -^"^"j ^ohis Sr -afhfb^tSfof Durbam 1346 --fuXsf rMarch Se and title devolved ^.''^Xr'wi created Earl of Mu»^^^^ .vhose sec^ond son, John U«n.^^ ^ h,kj„g sd^^^^^^^^ married to Aichd. DoUglf.«^^"'\-^t\eing concerned with ^^S of his Xf^S^^:^f^?:'y^^reyfliol in the xergn of 5imrrh^^| t^^^^^^^^^ son of h. Jam^. -v-rtisCt-'^T^S^^^ but he dying 12th June^l|*^' *'4*„tly, 1548, but rec^^^^^ Queen Mary gave >^t to theBa ^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ „„ j,mes S^Bll-i^'ran^E^lblSeman, was created by «rkTl^m"ocriU?:bnt« without issue male, the ^»:i^v^t-'>'-'' ^^1 '•" "--"^ "'' '"'*• '"' ' 46 and alterwardfl Earl of Newburgh, 31st Dec. Ifi60. This family settled in England. His son the 2d Earl of Newburgh, died about 1694, without male issue. OcHiLTBEE, [Stuart Lord] was first created Lord Evandale, 14r6f5-9, by k. James ii. He was grandchild of Murdoch Duke of Albany, and Chancellor of Scotland during 18 years under k. James iii. His nephew the 2d Lord Evandale had three sons, Andrew his successor, Henry Lord Methven, and Sir James Stuart of Beith, ancestor to the present Earl of Murray, on the paternal line. Andrew the 3d Lord, 1634, exchanged the Lordship of Evandale with Sir James Hamilton of Finnart, for the barony of Ochiltree, and the exchange of the title from Evandale to Ochiltree was ratified by act of Parliament, by the Earl of Arran, Regent, 1543. He died 1648, leaving issue Andrew his successor, called the good Lord Ochiltree, and several daughters, one of which was married to James Knox the Reformer. The last Lord Ochiltree died aged about 16, at the University of Edinburgh, 12th Feb. X675, so this family expired. Obkney, [Sinclair Earl of] was created by Hacho, king of Norway, 1379, wnich was ratified by k. Robert ii. He married Floren- tina daughter to the king of Denmark, but by his second wife, daughter of Holyburton Lord Dirleton, he had Henry his heir. William 3d Earl of Orkney, who was Chancellor in the reign of k. James ii. got from that Prince the Earldom of Caithness, after which he designated himself Comes Orkadie et Cathanioc, but afterwards, 1471, the Earldom of Orkney was annexed to the Crown. This Earl had by his first marriage "Wm. Sinclair of Ravenshaugh, ancestor of the Lord St. Clair, and a daughter Catherine, married to Alex. Duke of Albany. By his second wife he had William, in whose favor he resigned the Earldom of Caithness, Sir Oliver St. Clair of Roslin, and other two sons, and three daughters married. Orkney, [Duke of]. Hepburn, Earl of Bothwel, was created Duke by Queen Mary before her marriage with him. He was soon after forfeited. Orkney, [Stuart Earl of]. Sir Robert Stuart of Strathdon, Prior of Holyrood house, natural son of k. James v., was created Earl of Orkney by k. James vi., 28th October, 1581. His son Patrick second Earl of Orkney of this family was forfeited for treason and aggressions, and beheaded at Edinburgh, 6th February, 1614, whereby the title was suppressed. This Patrick had a younger brother. Lord Kinclavin, who was created Earl of Car- rick by k. Charles i., 1632, but having no issue male, the title extinguished at his death. PiTENWEEM, [Lord Stuart] created by k. James vi. 160D, was a brother of the houp.e of (3ralstoun in Airshire. He dying without issue male, that peerage extinguished at his death. ^ao33, [Earl of liam one of Bruce. Th younger bro and a sistei having no i Sir Walter Eupham, n succeeded 1 ter of Rob( Eupham, "^ signed the of BuchaB of the Isle dice of hie time after, which he when it J^ord of t1 '■' ROTHSAY, [ Robert ii rtfterwar( the king and Lor( Saltoun, I the Peei 1669, w^ out issu Alexan< Lord S£ SOMERVIL glected St. Colm brothel in 153 came Comm thePr Colme Peer 1 becam James into t was s son, ^ St. C Lord estat J family h, died 146fi-9, A.lbany, mes iii. rew his f Beith, al line. !vandale :hiltree, ree was It, 1543. lied the lich was >chiltree Jth Feb. S^orway, Floren- nd wife, lis heir, reign of Bss, after ithanicp, lexed to Sinclair laughter i second Earldom wo sons, created He was >n. Prior ited Earl , Patrick treason sbruary, ck had a 1 of Car- the title , was a without 47 aoss fEari of] in the reignof Alex iu -son. F«quh^^^ succeeded to l»«r^Vi'lW by whomhe hadonly a daughter, ter of Robert Duke ot A^i^a^y\^,y Xpd to a monastery, and re - Eupham. who being deformed retired to a ^^^^^^^^ ^ SedThe Earldom of Ro«« ^ ^^^^^ f^^y^ But Donald Lord f' Buchan. son to ^obejt Duk^^^^^^^ done in preju- nfthe Isles, quarreUing this destinax.u ^^^^^ gon^e dice of his VTfe, -rt^d ome Ists, go^^^^^^ Barldom of Ross time after, Alexander Lord ot^^ ^^tilthe year 147b, which he and his «°^,«^„^X C'Un for the rebeUion of John I^S^Jf\hTlsiraBd^^^^^ i S^ St^ ^^n^».say, Bar. of Carnc. ^ the P^ers, and in that ^^^^^^S Saltoun, dying with- 1 R69 when Alexander Lord ^'^f "^f ""J " ^ew by his sister. Sir I'ufisrue, the l^onour d.^l-d t^^^^^ ^ffi J to the present Alexander Eraser of Philortti. gre ,, ,^ , Lord Saltoun. ,e^ived of late, ^f f been ne- Commendator of St, ^otoe in 1543 «^^^^. ^^^ {St. the Protestant religion, k. James »' , , . ^4 created mm a Colme to himself in l^^^^^^lT^kis eldest eon James L^mMSVLnV'S-fhe^^tldBrJ^^^^^^ I VV/X>rA'^^os:C^se^^^^^^^^ expired, andth. IStotent "to the W of Murray. 48 SxHATHHUN, [Earl of] is one of the mos,t ancient dignities we caul instruct. Created hy Malcolm Caumorc. The family continued to the reign of k. Robert Bruce, when Joanna, daughter and heiress of Malisc, Earlof Strathern, was forfeited for a conspiracy with the Euglish to depose k. Robert. The Earldom of Stratheru being thus rested in the Crown, k. David ii., 1343 bestowed it upon Sir Maurice Murray, of Drumshargard, ancestor of Aber^ eairny. He being slain at the battle of Durham, 17th October, 1316, and leaving no issue, the Earldom returned again to the Crown, Steatuekn, [Stuart E.] was Robert, Lord High Stuart of Scot- land, created Earl of Strathern by his uncle k. David ii., upon whose demise he succeeded to the Crown, 1371. This k. Robert ii. erected this Earldom into a County Palatine, in favour of David Stuart, his eldest son by Euphara Ross. He left u daugh- ter married to Patrick Graham, son of Lord Graham. Their sou Malise Graham, was Earl of Strathern. But king James i. re- covered that Earldom from him, and in lieu thereof created him Earl of Monteith, 1428. Tarkas, [Walter Scot Earl of] created Earl for his own lifetime by k. Charles ii., 4th Sept., 1660. He Avas of the Scots of Har- den, and married Lady Mary Scot, eldest daughter of Franc it;, Earlof Buccleugh. Tbviot, (Rutherford Earl of]. Lieut. Gen. Rutherford was first created Lord Rutherford, 19th Jan., 16G1, then Earl of Teviot, 2d February, 1663, which title expired at his death, 3d May, 1664, leaving no male issue. But the title of Lord Rutherford devolved to his heir. Sir Thomas Rutherford, of Hunthill. Teviot, [Spencer Viscount of]. Robert, Lord Spencer, eldest son of Robert, Earl of Sunderland, was created Viscount of Teviot by k. James vii., 1686, but he dying unmarried before his father, the title became extinct. TiLLiBARDiN, [Earl of]. Sir John Murray, of Tillibardin, was first created Lord Murray, of Tillibardin, 26th April, 1604, then Earl of Tillibardin, 10th July, 1606. His successor William, Earl of Tillibardin, married Dorothea Stuart, eldest daughter of John, the fifth and last Earl of Athole, by whom he had John, who succeeded to the title, dignity and precedency of Athole. His son John was created Marquis of Athole, 1676, and died 1703. William, the second Earl of Tillbardin succeeding to the dignity of Athole, did 1626 resign the title of Earlof Tillbardin, which k. Charles i. conferred on his brother. Sir Patrick Murray, 31st Jan., 1628 ; and James, Earl of Tillbardin, son of this Patrick, dying without issue, his estate and honour devolved on John Marquis of Athole. N. B.— The late Duke of Athole was in his father's lifetime created Earl of Tillbardin by k. William, 27th )ru and Innermeath. I July, 1697. — Vide. J8 we can ontinucd hter and MiRpiracy Stnitheni stowed it of Aber- October, in to the ; of Scot- ii., upon k. Robert favour of a daugh- Their bou nes i. re- nted him a lifetime ts of Har- ' Francis, was first )f Teviot, , 3d May, .utherford hill. eldest son of Teviot lis father, , was first then Earl na. Earl of f of John, ohn, w-ho Lole. His lied 1703. le dignity in, which rray, 31st s Patrick, L on John was in his iiam, 27th