IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // 1.0 I.I >u l&i 12.2 £ itt 110 L25 1111.4 I 1.6 *)- -^ V] 7] 7 '^ > /A 'm 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSSO (716) 873.4503 •sj \ iV \\ ^ «-- O^ 4^^" ^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHIVI/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microrep'^oductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques \ \ Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the imabas in the reproduction, or which may sigriificantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. 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LAWRENCE, NEAU lljpB CITY OF MONTREAL, AND THB JUNCTION OP LOWER AND UPPER'CANADA WITH THE '-r- STATE OF NB't W YO!!^ TOOBTHBK ITITH THE •"T r^ElRMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE AN EXTENSIVE TEERITORY, DIVlllS VALUABLE PROPERTIES IN THE SAID CO^nT fe OF iillfHARMOIS AN]> THE TdWNSHIP OF CLIFTON, MNDS RESI^RTBp^ 'for VILLAGES AND TOWNS, la'MERClUf IIOUSES, FARM-BUILDINOS. MILLS, aNB I^HOICB FARMING STOCK. &e. &c. "\ ,. ^ . . . , LONDON: ) FVBL1$HED FOR THE MplTH AIIIrICAN COLONIAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND S^IITH, ELDER AND CO., 65, CORNHILL 1840. 4i -i'' PtHce Two Snillingg ■•-*)• t-? » ■%■ -.!j»a«'^^-' is I 5 i C L \ I Z A T I N II- rnK COINTY OF BEAT riARNOlS; ON THE SOUTH HANK ny THE sT. LAWUENCE, NEx\R THE Cn\ OF MONTREAL, AM> THE .UNCTION OK LOWER AM) (TPER CANADA WITH THE STATE OF NEW YORK. TOdKTHKU WITH THK TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALK COCNTY OF BEAUHARNOI.S AND 'HIE TOWNSHU' OF ( LIFTON. INCLUDING LANDS RESERVED FOR VJI,LAGES AND TOWNS, NUMEROUS HOUSES, FARM.RUH.DINGS. MH^LS. AND < HOICE FARMLNG STOCK. \c. cScc. mill) mm ?3f3cnpttbc ii^ap?. I « J. ON DON: M'BLISHKD FOR THK NORTH AMERICAN COLONIAL A.SSOCLATION OF IRELAND, BV SMITH. EhlJFM AS^^ CO., 05, roIINHTLL. IS 40. i.oxnov ; rtllNTBD nv STl-'WART AM) MITRRAV, 01,D BAILKY. • COLONIZATION, ike. Thk fullowmg Pros{)e(;turs of the North American Colonial Association of Ireland, generally describes the powers whicli the Legislature has bestowed on this Company, and the nature of the operations in which the Company pioposcs to engage. KAHL VJTZVVILMAM. ANDRI-W COLVILR, Esg. Hivtnovi. CEORGK Fin: ANGAS, l.sy. JOHN Ai;iJVi(), Esq. Colonel HKNRY BIUJI.^. EDWARD fl CHAPMAN. Ew. Kaiu oj DlllUAAJ. Rl^SSKLL KLI.ICE, l.sy. JOHN HARM AN, l-s.j. WILLIAM nVTY, Es.^, M I'. RORKRT LATOnCHE, Esq. DONALD MACLEAN, E.s.j. HENRY KJNGSCOTE, Es.^ JAMES MOHRISON, Es<;.,M.P. T. LAM IE MUIMIAY, Em,. DRICE PEARSE, Jin., Esq. Loan PETRE. JOHN J'iRIF,, V.sa., Alon. Hon. EREDK. PONSONHY. GEORGE SIM I 'SON, E>q. JOSEPH Sf)MES, Esq. THOMAS TOWER. Esq. EDW. G. WAREEIELD, Esq. HENRY L. WIGRAM, Esq. Messhh LADBROKES, KINGSCOTE 6l Co., LONDON. MiD Messrs. I.ATOITCHE & Co., Pl^RLIN. S'oltritorfi. MissRs. HARTLErr 4^ BEDDOME. ^tcretarp. JAMES DEWAR, ESQ This Company is incorporated by Act of Parliament (5 & 6 William IV, cap. 1 10.) for the purpose of investing Capital in any or all of the British Coionit? of North America. ^ 1> Tlic following arc the chif f powers hc'stowiMJ on tlio Cdmpiniy l)y its Act (»l liiO()r[)oiaii(jii : — 1st. Tu raise a Capital of .lOO.OOO/,, divided into l.O.HOO Sliures of 90/. eacli, and, if disirable, to extend tlie Capital to 1 ,00(l,OiM)/. '2n(|. To borrow and take up .'iOd.OOO/. on niortjiage, or by granting transferable sciuiitifs, imdiiding ainuiiiies lor lives. .'j^ration to British North America. The liability of Sharelnddcrs is strictly limited to the amount of the Shares hehl by each person. The unsettled state of affairs in Canada has hitherto prevented the Company from exerting itself for the purposes of the Act. But, as the bill for the union of the Canadas and the settlement of their government has passed through Committee in the House of Commons, the Directors aro of opinion that the time has now come for ex- ercising the extensive powers bestowed on this Company, with pro- fit to the Shaieholders, with advantage to these who may emigrate under the ausjiices of the Company, and with very great benefit to the existing population of the Colonies. For several years the Colonies have been depressed by political events, and thereby rendered ineligible for the investment of British Capital ; but their natural capabilities are equal at least to those of the adjoining and eminently-flourishing state of New York ; and they retpiire ordy political peace, together with ihe same increase of capital and peo- ple from Europe as occurs in that State, in order to advance with 0(|ual Dpiditv I'mIiIumI trani|iiillity bciiii; lostorcd l>y ilio iiiiion vi' tliu twu Ciunuius, tlii5 ('uiii|)aiiy may iIh-ii become the ineuiis tif ^upplyii);^^ tlto ('olunicN with |ieuplc ami capital t'roiii Uu; luoUuji c-oiiiUry, where both iire t>'|Uiilly tsiiperubuiMJaiit. Such is thf jitjiieral object (if the Directors, The Company proposei t(. eiijragr in liirni^hing the Cokmial (rovernmcnta with t'linds itKpiirccI tor impoitiu.t public works (Hiich as the coniplotKMi of the inland navigation of the St. Lawrence and the Lakes,) whereby employment at i^ood wages will be providet natural lesourc'^s of the country (ievclo[)cd with l)euefit to ail conciTued. The Company proposes to establish Banks for s«pj)Iyin{; tlie Colonists with capital, m situations oHerinj^ the best guarantees of profit and good security combined. The Company ()ioposc^ to undertake the trunsniissiun of funds to the. Colonics, on b(:half of individuals, and to constitute itsella general Agency f c r the purchase of liMids in the Cnlonies, for the sale of colonial lands in this country, and for all purposes connected with emigration and the formation of settlentenfs. Lastly, the (Company proposes to acquire tracts of land in any of the Colonies, for the purpose of sah, at a profit, but only in situa- tions and under circnmstances his^hly favourable to the application of those methods of colonization which, of late years, whether in the United States or the fkitish Colonies of Australasia, 1iav unci m oxi.i'lleiit < oiiUitiun. la country more iniprovecl and prosperous thnn tlie County itself. In the next place, the territory of Beauharnois is in such a ])osition with reference to Montreal and the 8t Lawrence below that city to the octan — to Upper Canada— and to a large portion of the State of New York (including in the lasi item, that flourishing region which borders on the Upj)er St. Lawrence and Upper Canada, with the cities of Ogdensburg, Rochester, and T^utfalo, besides innu- merable towns and villages), as to form, almost of necessitv, the highway of communication among them all. This, therefore, is the portion of all the country thereabouts, whether British or American, which is the most frequented by travellers, whether for business or pleasure. And here, accordingly, a shij)-canai has been projected, which would enable large steamers to proceed from Montreal into the Upper St. Lawrence, (see Map 1,) as well as two rail-roads ; one from the village of Beauharnois to Lake St. Francis (see Map 1), and from the terminus of that road at Lake St. Francis to join a projected American rail-road from Ogdensburg on Lake Ontario to IMattsburg on Lake Chamjnain, for which last an act has passed the Legislature of the State of New York. The im[)ediment of rp^^ds in the St. Lawrence between the Beauharnois lands and Grande He being overcome by these works, the only interruption in thousands of miles of water commu- nication would be removed ; trade and travelling, 14 would bf incalculably augnieiitcd, as in similar caset: in the neighbouring States ; and the. district which would derive the greatest benefit from the change, is that through which the new ways of communication would pass. It is the fixed purpose of the Company to promote these works on its own territory, either by investmg 50,000/. thereon, or by contributing as an investment that sum to larger public funds which the United Legislature may provide for the purpose. The sum named will not appear small to those who are ac- quainted with the peculiar facilities afforded, both by the nature of the country and tlie abundance of stone and timber, for undertaking sucn works on the Beau- harnois territory. This, too, is the estimate of the whole cost of the rail-road irom Beauharnois Town to Lake St. Francis ; including two steamers, to run, one between the Beauharnois end of the line and Mont- real, and the other from the St. Francis terminus to the Cornwall canal. The rail-road from La Prairie to St. John's, which connects Montreal with Lake Champlain, was recently formed by a company at Montreal, and pays a handsome dividend on the capital invested. It is more than probable, tliat the line from Lake St. Francis to Beauharnois Town would be hereafter extended to La Prairie, so as to join the St. John's line ; and in that case the communication from Upper Canada and the Lakes, through the Beau- harnois district, to Lake Champlain and the Hudson, would be made complete in any event, the triangu- 15 Irr district exhibited in Mf«j) 2, and transferred on a smaller scale to Map I, as lying between Montreal, Unper Canada, and the State of New York, is the spot, in all that part of America, best calculated to become a centre of general communication. The second element of success in colonizing — suf- ficient ])reparation for the abode of new settlers — demands particular attention. The district here opened for settlement has already a population of 20,000 persons, of whom 12,000 are established in the seigniory, and 8,000 in the townships. The Map I shows, by the delineation of villages and separate houses, how these settlers are distributed. The Map also shows the lines of road completed and pro- jected ; and it may be safely said of the finished roads, that their condition is superior to that of most roads in America. It would be difhcult to point out a simi lar extent oi country in all America, so much inter- sected by good roads as this Beauharnois domain. The prosperous state of its inhabitants is unques- tionable. The superior enterprise and industry of the British settlers have been especially rewarded by the superior condition of their farms, and the independence which they have attained from the smallest beginnings. The number of places of worship on the territory is 12, and the number of schools 22. The country is amply supplied with mills in good condition, and some of them new ; the whole number being \'A, with 17 runs of stones. The estimated annual value of these mills. l(i to let n( present to pcrsojis desiroi s of occnpyint^ ihom, is noariy 2,000/. ; ami tlioir future v;ilue, after au iiurease of settlement, is estiniatcd at 3,000/. a- year at the least. Siieh are the results of a huge and judicious outlay hy the late proprietor fur uituiy years past. INot less, therefore, from its peetdiurly favourable position, tlian from the present advanced state of settlements and improvements, and espeeirdly of I'oads, places of w'orsi\ij), schools, and mills, this territory is remarkably adaj)tcd for the sort of ( olo- ni/ation which the Company has in view. The tlnrd element of success — sutiieient capital and sufticicnt diversity of classes — must, in so far as it may be in addition bt the present settlements, grow out of the C'onipanys plan of colonization. That plan has been carefully formed for that purpose. While it absolves the Company from undertakings that would bring tliem into conijietition with indivi- dual enterprise, it is inlenrled so to aid iiidividu^,J enterprise in the work -A colonizing at Jieauharnois, as to render that pursuit attractive to all classes of settlers, and protitable to every one who may take port in it, eit ler personally or only by means of his capital. The Com[)any's |)lan, indeed, is but a method of enabling many individuals of different classes to combine, with benetit to all, for the purpose of doing that which none of them could attempt separately with any rea.sonable hope of advantage. The first step will be the sale, in this country, of the wdiolo of the lands at the disposal of the Company, 17 which are avaihible for immediate settlement. Here follow the TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE. The whole of the disposable lands of the Com- pany ni the seigniory of Beauharnois, and the town- ships of Godmanchester, Uinchinbrooke, and Clifton. are I :reby offered for selection by purcha.sers. This territory consists chiefly of Country lands, and partly of lands which have been reserved by the late proprietor in the midst of settled districts. The whole of the Country land.s, together with the 6,000 acres in Clifton, will be divided into sec- tions of a hundred Canadian acres each.* The whole quantity of Country lands being about 120,000 acres, the number of sections will be about 1,200. Tiie number of these sections now submitted for sale (to be selected out of the whole, by purchasers, as hereinafter provided for) is 1 ,000. These 1,000 sections will comprise 100,000 acres of "available" lands — that is, exclusive of portions of an inferior quality. The Reserved lands will be divided into 2000 sections; and two of these sections (U> 1 ^ .selected by purchasers as hereinafter mentioned; .vdl be at- tached to each country land section of 100 acres. The sections of Reserved land will be of variable * Tlie Canadian acre is equal to seven-eigl)t1is of the English acre. B iw extent according t^ rcumstanccs ; smaller at Bcau- harnois, Kllicctowi., \\d oilier places where the establishment of towns has begun or may be ex- pected ; larger in the domain of Buisson and at Grande lie, which have been reserved, on account of the great beauty of the situations, as villa ground dependent on Montreal : but the whole will be so divided and laid out by the Company, in Town, Vil- lage and Villa lots, as to constitute 2,000 separate properties, of as nearly equal value as circumstances may admit; and all the 13 mills, together with all the houses and other buildings the property of the Company, and all the finest sites for other mills, for villas, villages, and towns, &c. will be comprised in the Reserved lands laid open for selection by purchasers. Each property, therefore, will comprise a section of 100 acres of Country lands, and two sections of Tleserved lands. To .he purchaser of each property, the Company will deliver a treble land-order, which will entitle the holder thereof, or his agent, to select one Country- land section of 100 acres, and two sections of Re- served land, in the manner following : — As soon as the whole of the land-orders shall be disposed of, or sooner, at the pleasure of the Com- pany, public notice will be given of a day when the purchasers of land-orders, or their agents, will be requested to meet in London for the purpose of drawing lots for priority of choice. 19 The drawing of luis will take place 'u the presenee oi the Directors, and in siieh manner ax they shall determine. Kaeh holder of a treble land-order will draw three separate lots for priority of choice : one for the K^O- acre section of Country lands, and one for each of the two sections of Keserved land ; the number of choices as to the Country lands being i()(M), or one for the holder of each land order ; and as to the Reserved lands 2000, or two for the hohler of eat h land- order. The lund-ordera will be awarded according? to prio- rity of application at the offices of the Company in London ; ami for this purpose a registry of apj)lica- tions will be kept, which will be open to the inspec- tion of purchasers for .e week before the drawing of lots for priority of choice. In ease the deposit should l)e paid on more than the wjiole nundjer of land orders, the same will be returned in full to those applicants whom the above rule as to priority of application may preclude from obtaining land-orders. The price of each land order is 200/. ; and a deposit of 20/. must be paid to the Company's bankers before any application can be registered. The remainder of the purchase-money must be paid in full, on a day of which public notice will be given, in order to entitle purchasers to draw for priority of clioice. In case of non-payment of the remainder of the n •> 2<» purchase- iiiouey alter due notice, the depoMt will be fortbitcd. The wholi! ol the hiiuls offered for selection will be surveyed, laid out, and mapped ; and the maps will be exhibited at Bcauharnois, to anv holder of a land- order or his am'ent durnig one month before the day (of which ample public iiotice will be given both ni this country ami in Canada' fixed for exercising the rights of choice ; and the choice of sections, according to the priority determined by lot m England, will be made at Heauharnois, either by j)rincipals or agents, in such manner as the Directors may determine with a view to perfect fairness and the general con- venience of purchasers. The choice will extend over the whole of the dis- posable lands of the Company, without any reserve, exceptmg only so much of the water privilege of the river St. Louis, at Beauharnois Town, as may be necessary for public f;onvenience. As respects any land-order of which the holder may fail to attend, either by himself or his agent, for the purpose of choosing his section, the choice will be made in the order previously determined by lot, by an officer of the Company specially appointed for that purpose. The Company takes for itself one-tenth of the land orders, and will thus contribute, in the same propor- tion as every piirchaser, to the fund derived from this sale ; and will ciiaw lots in common with pur- chasers for priority oi choice as to each of its one hundred land-order^ separately. < 21 Out of the w holt] 111 nd of 200,000/. thus raised, the Company litrcby uiulertakcs to dispose of the following sums in the following manner; that is to «ay, First, 50,000/. as an investment of capital ou such works of public communication within the Company's territory, as shall, in the opinion of the Directors, be most conducive to an increase in the value of the lands now submitted for sale. Secondly, 40,000/. in advances on loan to pur- chasers and other settlers on the Company's terri- tory, as ca])ital for the improvement of land or con- struction of buildings ; such advances to be confined to persons investing a capital of their own in sucli operations. Thirdly, 30,000/. towards defraying the cost of emigration from the United Kingdom to the Com- pany s territory, both of labourers and of capitalists intending to settle there.* Fourthly, 10,000/. to be contrilnited in such man- ner as the Company shall direct, towards the emi- gration of ministers of religion, and school-masters, and the building of places of worshi|) and schools, during the infancy of the new settlements. * The Directors will endeavour so to dispose of tlie £3(»,000 set apart for emigration as to obtain from oiuigranis, and landowners desirous of providing for the surplus population of their estates, contributions ocjual to that amount. If they should accomplish this object, the Kmi^ratiou Fund for Boauharnois will be .£(iO,000, which i^- about «'(pial to i'l'i(.>,00() for any scUlenienl in Australia oi New Zealand. 22 Tlie Company also undertakes to defray all the expenses of survey, and allotment, and conveyance to the holder of each land-order. The land-orders will be transferable at the plea- sure of the holders. The houses, mills, and other buildings which may fall to the lot of holders of land-orders, will be delivered to tlu^ Durchasers with the whole of their contents, mcluding machinery, See. The whole of the live-stock, implements, and contents of olacksmiths' and carpenters' shops at BeauharnoiiL, will be put up to sale by auction im- mediately after the choice of sections shall have taken place according to the priority determined by lot in England ; and the produce of such sale, deduct- ing the expenses thereof, will be paid over to the nolder of that land-order, or his agent, who shall have obtained the last choice among the 1000 sf^ctions of Country land; unless such last choice should fall to the Company by lot, on account of its own tenth of all the sections, in which case the produce of such sale shall be handed over to the holder of the last right of choice, saving the Company. The Company positively engages that in exercising the 1 ights of choice which may fall to its lot among the 2000 sections of Reserved lands, it will not select any section on which a building of any descrip- tion may be erected, but will leave all such sections exclusively to the ch(^ice of holders of land-orders, other tliiiii those held by the Conn)any. In the selection of emigrants of the labouring class, a preference will be given to such applicants as may be engaged to work for capitalists about to settle in the Ciompany's territory, or as domestic servants in the families of settlers. Each purchaser of one or more land-orders will be entitled to claim from the Company, towards de- fraying the cost of emigration for his fannly, or for a fiimily to be nominated by him, If)/, out of every 100/- of liis purchase-money, provided that such family settle on lands purchased from the Company. Tn distributing the sum of 40,000/. set apart for loans to emigrants, a preference will be given to those applicants who shall have purchased lands from the Company, or be occupiers or managers of lands purchased from the Company by persons continumg to reside in this country ; though in every such case the proceedings of the Company must necessarily be governed by enquiry as to the character of the applicant, and the nature of the security that he may have to ofler. In case of any difference between the Company and the holder of any land-order, the same shall be referred to the Attorney-general of the Province of Lower Canada, or of the United Province of Canada, for the time being, for his award, which shall be final between the parties : and in case of any error of description, quantity, or otherwise, the same shall not vitiate the agreement between the parties, but shall be deemed matter for compensa- 24 tion, as may be a^^reed upon, or, if the parties should not agree, according to the award ot" the said Attorney- General. AH questions of title to this property having been settled as between the Company and the late pro- prietor by the Hon. James Reid, late Chief Justice of Montreal, in order to avoid the expense and delay of fresh investigations of title by so large a body of sub-purchasers, the sub-purchasers from the Company are not to require any abstract or evidence of title from the Company, but are to be satisfied with a conveyance in such form as shall be approved of by the said Hon. James Reid, late Chief Justice of Montreal, or the Attorney-General of Lower Canada, or of Canada, for the time being. In addition to the information conveyed by these terms and conditions of sale, it is deemed requisite to make the following statements and observations. For the purpose of retaining a permanent interest in the prosperity of the Beauharnois district, in addi- tion to a tenth of the sections otfered for choice, the Company intends to hold its manorial rights over the conceded lands, until the same shall be gradually commuted by agreement with the copyholders. The well-secured annual income from this source is about t40(H) ; and it cannot fail to increase, through ail increase o) ihe sum paid as tines on alienation, 2r, with every advance in the general prosperity of the district, and in the general value of land. The estimated value of the manorial rights (quit-rent and tines) in ihe conceded territory, as the price of com- mutation, when the population and wealth of the district shall have been increased by public works and emigration, is 20*. per acre, or £140,000 for the whole. It will be seen, therefore, that the Com- p: ny will remain deeply interested in advancing the prosperity of this part of Canada. The priceoff 200 for each land-orderof threesections has been fixed, partly with reference to the common price of Country-land in the district, enjoying no peculiar ad vantagesof position therein, which has been for several years about 20.v. per acre, notwithstanding political events that have greatly depressed the value of land throughout Canada; partly in con- sideration of the far more valuable Reserved lands, and the very valuable property in houses, mills, &c. to be distributed by lot among the holders of land- orders ;* and partly in consideration of the large portion of the purchase money, which will be laid out in ways the best calculated to increase the value of landed property throughout the territory. The 40,000/. destined for loans to settlers, will be advanced by means of a Bank at M or real, and a Branch Bank to be established at the town of Beau- harnois ; but the Company's banking operations at Beauharnois will not be limited to that sum, when * Sec Appendix, 26 there shall be a demand lor lurther advances on good security. The 50,000/. destined for works of public com- munication, will be laid out as soon as competent surveyors shall have reported on the means of em- ploying that sum in that way with the greatest advantage to the whole district ; and in the mean- while, the said sum of 50,000/. will be set apart and invested in Exchequei Bills, or other approved secu- rities, for that purpose exclusively. A similar temporary investment will be made of the several sums of 40,000/., 30,000/., and 10,000/., set apart for advances to settlers, emigration, and religious and educational purposes. Funds for investment at Beauharnois may be transmitted thither through the Company free of charge. The Company's agents at Quebec, New York, Montreal, and Beauharnois, will be instructed to afford information and advice to emigrants proceeding to Beauharnois at their own expense ; and labouring emigrants conveyed to Beauharnois with funds at the dis])osal of the Company, will be taken under its immediate charge, from the time of their embarlation until they shall be established in the Colony ; and will be provided with employment, at moderate wages, until otherwise engaged. The Company undertakes, under its de[>artment of a general Agency for Canadian business, to select and sell, or let lands, purchased at this sale by j)crsons not intending to emigrate. 27 The descriptions in the Appendix of various cir- cumstances relating to the property, have been drawn up from reports lately made to the Company by residents on the spot, on whose accuracy the Directors place implicit reliance. li will be observed that the foregoing Terms and Conditions of Sale really comprise a mode of co- lonization similar to that which has of late years been most successfully pursued by Land Companies in the United States, together with some improve- ments taken from the plans of the founders of colo- nies in South Australia and New Zeala'- 1 The principle is the same in both cases— the greatest completeness of society from the very beginning of the enterprise, obtained by means of arrangements which attract population, capital, and enterprise, to the most favourable locality. It is only in South Australia that this principle has been entirely adopted by the State ; and there individual enter- prise has been crowned with the mostsii^nal success, about 1G,000 persons having, in the brief period of four years, been established on the waste, with a town containing many hundred houses of brick or stone, six or seven thousand inhabitants, several places of worship, two prosperous banks, and four ])rinting establishments, which publish as many newspapers. The government of the mother-country has contributed nothing to the formation of this prosperous colony, except only a law which renders waste land comparatively dear, and converts the 2S whole of its ])iirchase-money into population. But such a law, though it greatly contributes to the suc- cess of the principle of completeness, is not es- sential thereto, as aj)pears by the eminent success thus far of the colonizers of New Zealand, who, even without any law, have dispatched to the most dis- tant part of the world the most complete colony that ever left the shores of Britain. Nor does the cheapness of waste land in ihe United States pre- sent any insurmountable obstacle to the application of the principle of coni))leteness in colonizing, as is proved by the rapid growth of towns, and even great cities in the Western wilderness, under the management of Land Companies, This principle is indeed beyond the reach of separate individuals, but may in any country, even where waste land is obtainable for nothing, and where consequently there is a general tendency to dispersion and social weakness, be brought under the command of indivi- duals associated in coiiipanies. In the latter case, a combination of the capital and industry of many under a common direction, operating on a wide and well-chosen field, produces the same results with respect to the locality as might be obtained through- out the country by a uniform law. So that the spot selected for colonization be naturally attractive, from possessing a relative superiority of circumstances or position, and of sufficient extent to admit of sys- tematic uniformity in the mode of colonizuig it, then the combmation of means arising from association in 29 a company docs tl»e rest. All these conditions of success arc conspicuous in the present undertak ug. By order of the Board, JAMES DEWAIl. \si June, iS'iO. J Secretary. Further information on all jioints relating to the colonization of Beauharnois may be obtained by applying, personally or by letter, at the temporary office of the Company, No. 2, Bank Buildings, London. APPENDIX. CHURCHES. lOLR CATHOLIC. Pariali. Situation. Officiating Prie«t. St. Clement . . Beauharnois . . Mr. Quintal. St. Tiuiothee . . Elliceton .... — ' Archambeault. St. Martin'vS . . Chateauguay . . — Power. Ornistown — F. Moore. FIVE PHESBYTERIAN. Town of Beauharnois .... Rev. W. Roach. South George Town . . . . "i North George Town .... / - ^'^^' ^' ^''''' Durham, Ornistown — Jas. Anderson. Beech Ridge — Thos. M'Pherson. ONE EPISCOPAL. Durham, Ormstown Rev. Wm. Brethou'- TWO INDEPENDENT. Russeltown, upper part . . . ) D 1, 1 ^ > No resident minister. KtMseltown, lower part ... J The Catholic churches and parsonages are always kept in a good state of repair, each church having a fund for that purpose, which institution is called the fabrique, and is the only object with whose local management the people com- prised in such locality are entrusted. 32 The church at Beauliariiois is a plain edifice of stone, which it was intended fo have replaced by a new and more liandsonie one at a cost of 2000/. This im|)roveinent will be ultimately effected, and it is to be hoped that the wish of the present liberal, and with justice, highly esteemed minister, may be gratified, to convert the present building into a large school for the education of the children of the inhabitants. The parsonage is a comfortable stone house, and to the church, as indeed to all the others, is attached a public Hall, or Sa/le des Ilafntans, at which public meetings and judicial courts are held. The income of the priest is about 250/. a year. The St. Martin church is a large stone one, superior to the other two ; the parsonage is a comfortable stone house, and t!ie living worth about 250/. per annum. The small chapel at Ormstovvn was erected by funds sup- plied from the Catholic establishment at Montreal for the benefit of the Irish catholics of that neighbourhood. It was at first served by a curate of the priest at St. Martin, but a priest now lives upon it. In these churches, in which their clergy officiate with the same zeal and earnestness so justly allowed to be the charac- teristics of the Catholic priesthood of Lower (Canada, Cana- dians and British Roman Catholics mix together in Divine worship ; religious distinctions forming no obstacle to their union in the discharge of those iniportant duties in a country, in which, whatever unfortunate differences have occurred be- tween the two races, intolerance or religious discord is as yet happily unknown to them. The Presbyterian churches are all new buildings. The one at Beauharnois village is a handsome stone one with a portico and cupola, and was liberally ejected by the Seignior in 1H35. The churches at ^orth and South Cleorgetown are built of ^■^^ii 33 wood; the first a respectable look,*.g k„k. and the minister has built for himsplf a n^ut manse or parsonage in tht^ village of Durham. That in South (.^orgetown, of which Mr. Mulr is the incumbent, was built b> the parishioners. The church at Beech Ridge is of stone, plain and decent; and a manse has been built for the minister. The Ej^iacopai church was erected by means of funds, chiefly furnished by the late Bishop of (Quebec, and is a smalli but neat wooden edifice, standing on the same lot of land in Durham, which had been reserved for ecclesiastical purposes, and was divided between that church and the Presbyterian. The two Independent churches were erected wholly by voluntary subscriptions, and are plain wooden buildings, but no resident clergymen are annexed to them, nor is service regu- larly performed in both or either of them. £ e 3 v/3 fM '^ '^) ct ^:l o i ' ^ I f I fN O -a CO H C/3 ffi *K a a o > 3 c is CO 2 5 3 o '^ ^ -^ c S c<5 'm o -2 u a ^7"1 bO B iJ 0) (U c ^ r" im -o K < W « ci — O) CO T »n CO r* :tr> MILLS. 1. A 8tone building erected in 1831, of suHicieut capacity for doubling the niiiclnncrv when requirod, with one adjoining to it contiiining the fulling and carding apparatus, is (»ood and Hiihstaiitial, and has been recently put in a coiuptcto and improved state. 2. A large handsome stone budding erected within the last three or four years* at the tov\n of Licauharnois, com- prising a flour-mill with three runs o< stones, an oatmeal- mill with iwo, and drying kiln, one run for cattle provender, a smut-mi", and large shed as stabling for frequenters. It is of high power and superior machinery, with a wheel of 28 feet diameter, and a water power from 2i feet of fall. It contains accommodation in the interior for two millers, who reside fhore with their families. 3. This is upon the ( hateniitjuay river, was built in 1824, and is a small but good working stone mill, with two runs of stones, and a finiut-mill. In 1837 it was thoroughly repaired, and received several imnrovements and additions. Attached to it is a good miller's house. 4. English River Mills are of wood, on stone foundations, and were built in 1832, — comprising a Hour-mill, oatmeal- mill, with a kiln ami saw-mill. Houses for the miller, dry- ster, and sawyer, and htabling fi)r the horses of the fre- quenters are there affixed. 6. Ormstown Mills, on the Chateauguay, are of stone, large and handsome in their erection and position, comprising a flour-mill, oatmeal-mill, with kiln and smut-mill. The nul- ler's house is attached to them, and the whole was completed in 1839. 6. Edwardstown, a large substantial stone building erected in 1829, and capable of containing double its present ma- chinery. It was e.vtensively repaired in 1837, and corn- 36 prises a flour-mill and smut-mill, with stabling and barn. It does an inadequate business, from an occasional failure of water, and it would be very desirable to apply steam power to it, which it seems could be ettected at a small cost, and in all probability at a great profit. 7. This saw-mill has been let to Christmas next to the former occupier, who has made a contract at the Seigniory office for the supply of a large quantity of plank and boards for building purposes, and repaired completely its dam, and other d.lapidations. It was erected in 1831, and has two saws and a circular saw. Rent ,')0/. per annum. The saw-mill mentioned in iVo. 6, at English River, has two saws, and is very eflicient, working well, and with great rapidity. It was let for 100/. per annum, but is now in the Seignior's hands, and worked for the benefit of the censi- taires by the former occupier, who has been hired at wages for such times as the mill can work. The Seignior receives one-half of all the timber brought for f3wing as his profit. All these mills are in excellent order, and with the ex- ception of Norton Creek, in very high estimation. The millers, who are all very respectable, are in the employ of the Seignior, in whose hands they are at present, and it is, perhaps, advisable to retain them, as they cannot fail of in- creasing in value yearly, as the population extends. They at present manufacture flour and oatmeal only for the censitaires, or those resident in the Seigniory, and as they are not worked half the time of which they are capable, they are fully adequate to twice the population, or in the absence of such an increase, could manufacture, at a great profit, flour for the Montreal market, or as an article of export. Should the population, however, double (as may be reasonably expected to take place in a few years, without the assistance of immigration), the millr. would proportionally increase in value. 37 Mill Sites. The whole of these, comprising also those of the above mills, are now given, as in some cases where mills are now erected on one side of a river, ample water power is to be found on the opposite side of the stream. 0>i the St. Lawrence. Quality. Mills erected. Cascades Rapid .... very good. Buisson excellent. Chut a Bouleau .... do. EUiceton. Le Beufs, 36, Helenstown . do. Langeiin's middl mg. On liiver St. Louis. Before enumerating these, I will mention that by the pro- posed canal cut, or feeder from the Lake St. Francis to this river, a vast increase of water power could be obtained. The present sites are — Quality. Mills erected. t). Mouth of the river excellent Beauharnois, western side 7. Bridge Rapid, \6, Annstown . uiiddlmg. 8. Colborne's .... good. St. Louis saw mill 9. Rapid at 11. — 6, range, Helenstown middlino. 10. Labrecbes, 45, North Cieorge Town good. 11. Rapids at 1,2,3, and 4, range, Ormstown, " FitzwiUianj." good. 38 On River Chateauguay. Quality. 12. Fontains, termination of La Beane .oad . good. 13. Pt^che au Saumon . excellent 14. Pine Rouge, 42, Wil- liamston, middling. 16. Ogilvie's, 13, South Georgetown do. 16. Morrison's, 29, North Georgetown do. 17. Steele's, 36, South Georgetown do. 18. Jones's, Durham . . excellent. Mills erected. St. Martin, mill, south side. Durham mills on north side. On English River. Quality. Mills erected. 19. Howick .... excellent English river mills. 20. Long, near 82, VVil- liamstowu good. - 21. Sangs, 1, English river, Edwardstown middling 22. Rapid at, 7, do. do. do. 23. Duncan's .... good. Oh \'orto}i Creek. 24. Brownville . . . middling. 25. Nicolls, :}0, Edwards- town do. Morton Creek mill. 39 On river Outarde in Russeltown and Jamestown, there are also several small sites that cannot easily be pointed out, and on the Black River and Sturgeon River there are also two small rapids, the one near 34 : first range Russeltown ; the other at or near 1, VVilliamstown. PRIVATE BUILDINGS. The private buildings comprise the following: — 1. Seigniory house and Seigniory office. 2. Farm buildings and appendages. 3. The old mill or barracks at Beauharnois. 4. Houses in Beauharnois. 5. House in Elliceton. 6. House on Buisson Point. 7. Houses in various parts of the Seigniory. 1. This is about 60 feet in length, one story high, and in the cottage form with a verandah. It was originally a Canadian farm dwelling, built more than fifty years ago, upon a beautiful point of land at the confluence of the river St. Louis, with the St. Lawrence. It has been recently put into as complete a state of repair, as such an old and uncomfortable buildnig will admit of. 2. The farm buildings are of a very superior description and on an extensive scale, comprising a range of stabling, sheds, barns. Sec, forming three sides of a quadrangle, with a house for the farm steward, and blacksmiths' and carpenters' shops immediately opposite ; all these are in an excellent state of re- pair, and are superior to any thing of the sort in Lower Canada. Besides their exterior, they contain 19 cows and heifers, 8 of the best Canadian cart-horses, all kinds of farming implements, and a good supply of other stock. 40 The whole oi this establishment is not only a most creditable possession in Lower Canada, but would be so in England. The best results have been produced from it as well in the example set, as in the improvements effected thereby in the breed of stock, and the system of agriculture generally through the Seigniory, but it has been from various causes a constant source of outlay and expense, rather than profit. 3. Barracks at Beauharnnis. These are now occupied by a small detachment of regular troops, but belong to the Seignior, and may be made very useful as a temporary abode for immigrants, being fitted for one hundred persons. 4. The houses at Beauharnois' village comp.'ise two very good wooden ones, at one of which Mr. Bull resides, which was erected by Mr. Ellice; the other one has been let until the 1st of May, to the Government, as an abode for the small Police establishment at the viilase. o. The house at Elliceton is a large building with a portico in its front, and was erected as an hotel, commanding a very fine view of the magnificent rapids between Elliceton and the north bank of the river St. Lawrence (on which stands tlie " Cedars" village) and of the surrounding river scenery and its interspersed islands. This has also been let on the same terms and for the samr object as the above house at Beau- harnois, but will eventually in the establishment of a town at this spot, prove well worthy of its original object. 6. The vllUi at tlie Buisson point is of wood, and nearly new, and its site has been admirably chosen, commanding as it does a view of the magnificent rapids at its base, and a view of the river on both sides of it, on the eastward to the mountain at tlie bottom of which Montreal stands, and on the westward, to the Grande He, Elliceton and the Cedars. 7. I'hese comprise the farm houses built upon various lands, wVnclk have been purchased at sheriif's sale by the Seignior 41 COUNTRY I \DS. These are divided into several blocks, as appears by the Map. It may be confidently said, that no lands of equal quality can now be obtained within fifty miles of Montreal. The best proof of their value, as estimated by resident settlp'-s (many of whom were born there) is that since the commutation of the French into English tenure, about 10,000 acres have been sold fo'- TiCarly 10,000/. These purchases were made, not on speculation in large blocks, but in 100 acre lots, upon almost the whole of which settlers (British as well as Canadian) are living, and improving their own con- dition, f*^ well as that of the country, by their buildings, their cultivation of the soil which they have cleared, and their annually extended clearance of the wild part of each lot. In the year 1839, 2,601 acres were sold in various parts of the Seigniory and the townships of Godmanchester and Hinciunbrooke, for the sum of 2650Z. 2^. 6d. to settlers, who are now resident on the lots. Am ample slock of timber is to be found upon most of the Country lands, fit for all the purposes of buildmg. Stone, of a very good description (of which most of the mills have been built) is raised at Beauharnois, and various other parts of the Seigniory ; and many of the wooden houses with which the settlers at first contented themselves, have been re- placed by houses of brick, made from earth found on the spot. Much potash is manufactured by the proprietors of fresh lands, and sold at Montreal for exportation ; and a large supply of the hard wood necessary for such manufac- ture remains on the unsettled lands, and may be readily sold by the settler as his clearance advances. The same may be said of timber for fuel, which can be readily con- veyed to Montreiil, and sold at a considerable profit for con- 42 sumption in the city ; it also obtains a ready sale for the use of the steamers, which ahiiost entirely depend on the Bcan- harnois territory for their supply. The large demand for the above purposes must continue, and will probably increase from the grownig scarcity of timber nearer to Montreal, besides the advantage of a dcwii slreoin from Beauharnois to the city, for the conveyance of rafts. Upon the whole, the tniiber on the unsettled lands of Beauharnois must rather be considered a valuable property, than, as is the case in out-of-the-way places, a heavy incumbrance. The unsettled lands in the township of Godmanchester and Hinchinbrooke, are not inferior to those within the Seigniory. The inhabitants of these townships are among the best and most successful British settlers in Canada. Many oi them possess large farms, and considerable capitals, with wiiich tliey have brought their lands into excellent cultivation. Their prnicipal town, Huntingdon, is rapidly extending its limits; and the whole district is, according to the American phrase, " going a-head." The lands in the township of Clifton are in the vicinity of the town of Sherbrooke, the capital of the Eastern townships, and are increasing in value from the extension of settlement cul'jvation in the neighbourhood. The great beauty and fer- tility of the Eastern townships have attained for them the name of " the Garden of Lower Canada." RESERVED LAINDS. The most promising and advantageously situated villages already established, and in which a population, churches, inns, and stores or shops, may be now found, are Beauharnois, El- licelon, and Durham. The two first are on the banks ot the St. Lawrence, and the latter upon the Chatoauguay river. 43 TheHrst, Beauliarnois, is adniirably adapted, as the western terminus of eitlier the canal or rail-road, the point St. Louis, at the western end of this villat^e, jutting out upon the river St. Lawrence, from which it ascends to a height formed as a natural and advantasLCOUis terminus of the rail-roud. The second, Elliceton, in which also a large church and mills are erected with water power to an almost unlimited extent from the great St. Lawrence, comprises many lots laid out as village lots, and can be easily extended. In its selection as a spot for a town, great judgment is shown. The third, Durham, all of which is occupied on the north side, and on which three churches and extensive mills have been erected, is about to be extended to the south side of the river Chateauguay (by means of a bridge, the materials for which are being now prei)ared by the inhabitants,) and on its frontage a lot of 100 acres lias been reserved for that pur- pose. This last village possesses great advantages in being in the midst of vcy flourishing British settlers, and in the direct mail line a communication between Montreal and the northern jiarts of the state of New York, via Huntingdon. Besides these, the Grande lie and Buisson Point afford attractions har.ly to be equalled in the province, from the grandeur of their position ; both are situate near the most magnificent rapids in the St. Lawrence ; the former forming a large island in its centre, and comprising about GOOO acres, only a small portion of which has been conceded ; the latter extending 4 or 6 miles into the interior of the country, and possessing a most beautiful river frontage and a fishery, from which large quantities of sturgeon and other fish are taken. Of the other villages, that at Howick and Norton Creek, and the reserve as a village site near St. Martin, are good, but not an any advanced state, except in the mills which are erected at them. 44 Four lots on the banks of the St. Louis have been repur- chased, comprising 1, 2, 3, and 4, range Ormstown, which is called "I'itzwilliam," and it possesses water power for the erection of mills, which power can be vastly extended by means of a feeder from the St. Lawrence ; being situated half way between Elliceton and Durham, it may be made the direct line of communication between those two towns or villages. The rivers, villages, mills, churches, as well as all the above named spots, will be seen on reference to the Map. PROJECTED WORKS OF PUBLIC COMMUNI- CATION. Several reports of the lines of canal and rail-road have been furnished by civil engineers — Messrs. Baird, Stevenson, and Casey. The railroad can be effected, according to the latter, at the cost of 50,000/. from the St. Louis Point at Beau- harnois village to M'Pherson, including the cost of two moderate sized steamers, for which he allows 10,000/., to run upon the river from Beauharnois village to La Chine at the eastward, and M'Pherson's Point to Cornwall at the west- ward. The distance between the two termini is only 14^ miles, and the country is peculiarly favourable to the undertak- ing, the difference of level being only 82 feet, and the chief and only great ascent being from the St. Louis Point to the hill immediately above the St. Lawrence. By this means the communication would be complete from La Chine to Cornwall, or in the event of the anticipnttid suc- cess being reali-^ed, of stemming the inpids between Cornwall 45 and Dickenson's landing, as will be shewn early in this spnng III the enterprizing experiments to be then made with a fino steam-boat erected for that purpose ; it would be complete to Kingston or Toronto lu the Upper Province. In either case the saving of time would be very great ; but it will, however, be well worth consideration, whether, should this nndertakinc; be determined upon, it would not be desirable eventually \.^ extend the railroad to La Prairie, as greatly facilitating the omniunication between Montreal and Toronto and the whole upper Province, and which line could never be interfered witi> should the proposed canal communication between the lakos St. Louis and St. Francis be carried into effect in continuation of the Cornwall canal. The great success of the steam plough overcoming all impedi- ments occasioned by snow in the northern states of America, shews clearly that such a lengthened line could be used during the vvinter as well as the summer, and it would afford still greater attractions in being far more expeditious, in being unbroken and m close communication with the St. John's and La Prairie railroad, near the terminus of which it would also end. Such a more lengthened rail-road would benefit Beauharnois greatly in bringing it even .still nearer to Mon- treal, and it would also ensure the transport of freight as well as of passengers in the absence of the necessary transhipments requisite in the use of the shorter line. It seems to be quite clear, from the several statements before transmitted to the Board, that a railroad would afford a large return at even the present rate of passenger-traffic only between the two provinces ; and if continued from the western terminus to Huntingdon, us has been offered to be executed by the inhabitants of Huntingdon and its vicinity in Godmanchester and Hinchinbrooke, by means of a tram-road, a connection would be also soon formed between the provinces and the eastern states — lake Champlain and the settlements 46 on tfje provinoiul line— a railroad liemg projected, and an act having- been some time atro obtained frona the Loj^ialature of the New York State, from (j^densburgli to lake Champlain. The followniii; are the several canal routes pro|>osed upon the south and north sides ot the St. Lawrence, as taken from the reports of the several enixineers employed for ihe purpose of surveying them, and the comparative cost of each. NORTH 81 DE OF THli M. LAWRENCE. 1st Route. — Per Lake of the Two Mountains ,£ s. d. as estimated by iMr. Mills , . 442,762 19 11^ 2nd -— Inland route alonsr the banks of the St. Lawrence (16 miles) . 324,943 11 5 3rd — River Improvement line ( 16 miles) 235,782 3 2^ SOUTH OR UEArUARNOIS 8IUE OF THE 8T. LAWRENCE. Ist Route. — inland route aloncj the 1st con- cession of llelenstown, iieau- harnois, estimated by Messrs. Stevenson and Baird . . . 224,444 15 2nd — Communication by the river St. Louis, estnnated by Mr. Baird 194,800 7 10 These estimates were made upon similar premises, viz., for locks of 200 X 55 X 9 feet water. The canal, if constructed on the above dimensions for a ship canal, in continuation of the Cornwall one, offers the additional prospect of obtaining the transport of vast quanti- ties of freight, to and from the Upper Province, and the Western States of America, in competition with that great and successful work, the Krie Canal ; and if such a conti- nuous improved river as the St. Lawrence line were com- pleted, (as it will eventually be), the commercial impor- tance of Montreal and Quebec would be greatly increased, 47 the whole country bt'iu-fitted by tliu fine field which it would jiHord for tin iiitrod\ictiuii ?u»d eni(jl()yrnent ot" immi- grants and others, and the inmiediiite neighbourhood wherein such necessary jjublic improvements were efi'octed would be enhanced materially in value. It appeal strange to any one knowing the country, and the beneficial results which must arise therefrom, that this work has not been long ago cxecufed in the [.ower Province : there can be no doubtj however, but that this will be one of trie first acts of the United Lt^islature of the Canadas. I'or the canal, an additional line seems feasible, namely, from Cou"illon's landing to the western side of tlie Buis- son Point — thence along the St. Lawrence to Ellice- ton, — and thence again l»y a canal to a point opposite to the Grande He, across which a dam could be thrown, as successfully applied in the Rideau canal, rendering tlie stream above a slack-water navigation, and sutTiciently still for vessels thence to the Lake St, Francis. If »his can be found by a civil engineer to be practicable, the line would be shortened by some miles, and the village of Elliceton, and the projected ones at the Buisson Point, be rendered extremely valuable. It requu'es but activity and honesty to ensure the carrvino' event ;allv of the canal upon the south side of the St. Lawrence, by means of an United Provincial Le- gislature.